Dominique Dalcan (a.k.a. Snooze) is a French electronic musician and film composer. He is the winner of the "victoires de la musique" in 2018 in the category "electronic album".

History
Dominique Dalcan spent his childhood and adolescence in Noisy-le-Grand, a suburb of Paris. He receives no real musical education. However, he began composing pieces on the piano as an autodidact, then worked for a while with the Rennes-based group Complot Bronswick. He is influenced by the composers Harold Budd and Brian Eno.

In 1992 he released his first album Entre l'étoile & le carré on Crammed Discs. He made his first concert at the Transmusicales festival in Rennes in 1991. His collaboration with Marc Hollander, the founder of this Belgian label, will last a decade. The album is described as a "miracle" of pop music. Dalcan is considered as a precursor of the new pop song made in France by mixing electronic and acoustic music.

In 1994, Dominique returns with the album Cannibale from which are extracted Le danseur de Java and Brian. The album is influenced by Anglo-Saxon orchestrations. He surrounds himself with the arranger David Whitaker and the musician Bertrand Burgalat. When the album was released, Dominique went on a tour in France with various groups and ended up on the main stage of the Francofolies festival in La Rochelle in 1995.

In 1996, Dalcan  sets up a parallel musical project: Snooze. We don't talk about French touch yet but Dominique is quoted in the English press with Laurent Garnier, Air, Daft Punk or Motorbass. Initially instrumental, The Man in the Shadow will be his first album under the name Snooze. The sound mixes dub, jazz, hip hop and drum and bass.

In 1997, he released the album Ostinato. Dominique records with Brazilian musicians such as Vinicius Cantuaria, collaborator of Arto Lindsay and Caetano Veloso, Paolo Braga and Cyro Baptista as well as the conductor Clare Fischer, arranger of Prince and João Gilberto among others. The singles of the album are : L'air de rien a duet with the singer Nancy Danino (already present on The Man in the Shadow, Snooze's first album in 1996), Individualistic and Plus loin mais jusqu'où.

The following year, Dalcan worked for the cinema with Alain Berliner's Ma vie en rose (Golden Globe for best foreign film and a nomination for music victories for Dominique).

He returns to electronic music under the pseudonym Snooze with Goingmobile in 2001. Three singers are featured on this album: Nancy Danino, American Nicole Graham, and Deborah Brown. Collaborations are multiplying with mixers such as Autechre, Uwe Schmidt with Señor Coconut and Isolée.

After two years of writing, Snooze's third album entitled Americana was released in January 2005. Snooze's third album but the first on her own label Ostinato.

In 2006, Dominique Dalcan released on his label, the Best of entitled Music hall which gathers his greatest pop songs with also some unreleased ones. It is consecrated by the daily newspaper Le Monde as "the pioneer of French pop". The same year, he will be victim of a heart attack. Dominique then moved away from music for two years.

In 2008, he collaborates with the young slam artist Luciole. Dominique Dalcan composes a large part of his songs and ensures the artistic realization. His first album Ombres was released in February 2009, awarded by L'Académie Charles-Cros.

Throughout his career, Dominique Dalcan has collaborated with both variety artists (Camille, Zazie, Hubert-Felix Thiefaine) and renowned electronic artists (Autechre, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Isolée aka Rajko Müller, Fila Brazillia).

In 2010, Dominique Dalcan released a new single in French, Paratonnerre, and is back on the air in 2011.

In 2013, he opened for Vanessa Paradis during the Love Songs Tour.

In 2014, Dominique releases the album Hirundo on Pias.

He also works with video. His personal work on this medium leads him, among other things, to realize his stage projections. Today, he incorporates sound design in his installations and intervenes on many projects by consulting music.

In 2017, Dalcan will release his new transversal creation, entitled Temperance. It speaks about his subject of a "post-electronic" universe, in that machines are used as real instruments. On Saturday, February 10, 2018, the album receives the Victoire de la Musique award in the category of Electronic or Dance Album of the Year.

In 2019, volume 2 of "Temperance" is released. He is assimilated to the French electro scene like Rone. The first single is entitled "Small Black Piece Of Field" produced by the artist on the theme of the anthropocene.

He directed the video clip "Done Enough For Your Man", the first extract from the album "Temperance 2" with the participation of the French actress Valérie Kaprisky.

In 2020, he plays for the first time "A woman saved my life" at the Centquatre in Paris. This sound and video installation is experienced as an immersive environment. Voices and testimonies intertwine and mix, materializing a narrative with multiple voices, a collective memory. Conducted in collaboration with several musicians and singers from the Arab world, this performance is composed of songs (French, English, Arabic), on sounds that make acoustic instruments from the Near East cohabit with the assertive electronic textures that have become Dominique Dalcan's trademark.

In 2020, Dominique took part in the compilation orchestrated by the techno musician Molecule with its opening track: Run Around The Block, an ode to support confinement. The profits will go to the Fondation de France to fight against Covid 19. The record will be record of the week on France Inter.

Discography Dominique Dalcan

1991: Entre l’étoile et le carré
1994: Cannibale
1996: Cheval de Troie
1997: Ma vie en rose (Soundtrack)
1998: Ostinato
2005: Music-Hall
2014: Hirundo

Discography Snooze

1997: The Man In The Shadow - (Crammed Discs)
2001: Goingmobile - (Crammed Discs)
2005: Americana  - (Ostinato)

Discography Temperance
2017: TEMPERANCE
2018: TEMPERANCE Vol 2

Filmography
1997: Clueur
1997: My Life in Pink
2006: Stealth

References

External links
Dominique Dalcan Official site
Snooze Official site

 Dominique Dalcan at Discogs
Biography at RFI Musique

Living people
French electronic musicians
French film score composers
French male film score composers
1964 births


Below is a table of the twenty tallest buildings in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Since 1987 the tallest building has been the 471-foot Wells Fargo Place.

Tallest buildings

Tallest under construction, approved, and proposed

See also
 List of tallest buildings in Minneapolis
 List of tallest buildings in Minnesota

References

Tallest skyscrapers of St. Paul

St. Paul
Buildings and structures in Minnesota
Tallest in Saint Paul
Buildings and structures in Saint Paul, Minnesota


Iron Point station is a side platformed Sacramento RT Light Rail station in Folsom, California, United States. The station was opened on October 15, 2005, and is operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District. It is served by the Gold Line. The station is located near the intersection of Iron Point Road and Folsom Boulevard and serves the Folsom Premium Outlet shopping center.

Platforms and tracks

References

Sacramento Regional Transit light rail stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 2005
Folsom, California


Glenn station (also known as Glenn/Robert G Holderness station) is a side platformed  Sacramento RT Light Rail station in Folsom, California, United States. The station was opened on October 15, 2005, and is operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District. It is served by the Gold Line. The station is located near the intersection of Glenn Drive and Folsom Boulevard. It serves primarily as a commuter stop, as it features a mid-sized parking lot.

Sacramento Regional Transit plans to add a second track to the station between Fall 2023 and Summer 2024.

Platforms and tracks

References

Sacramento Regional Transit light rail stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 2005
Folsom, California


Atoy Wilson (born around 1951 or 1952) is a retired American figure skater. Coached by Mabel Fairbanks and then Peter Betts, he represented the Los Angeles Skating Club. In 1965, he was the first African-American skater to compete at the U.S. Figure Skating Championships, placing second in the novice division. At the 1966 championships, he won the novice title, becoming the first black to win a national title in figure skating. He left amateur competition in 1971 and toured professionally with Ice Follies and Holiday on Ice until 1988.

Following his retirement as a performer, Wilson was a coach and assistant director of ice skating schools for Hyatt Regency hotels in Dubai. A stint on the business side of Warner Brothers followed, and he is currently involved in production accounting for the television industry.

Results

References

1950s births
American male single skaters
African-American sportsmen
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople


Logovardi () is a village situated in Pelagonia, east of Bitola, North Macedonia.

Located in the village of Logovardi is the cemetery of the buried French soldiers, who died during World War II. France had deployed many soldiers, to help Yugoslavia during the Nazi invasions of Europe.

History
The village started existing in the 19th century, when it was in the Bitola Kaza in the Ottoman Empire.

Transportation
It is also home of Logovardi Airport, the nearest airport to Bitola.

Demographics
According to the census of 2002, of the 699 inhabitants:
Macedonians - 696
Serbs - 1
Others - 2

References

Villages in Bitola Municipality


Vitali Gennadyevich Astakhov (; born 9 January 1979) is a Russian former professional footballer.

Club career
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 2002 for FC Torpedo-ZIL Moscow.

References

1979 births
Footballers from Samara, Russia
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
FC Moscow players
FC Fakel Voronezh players
FC Baltika Kaliningrad players
Russian Premier League players
FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod players
FC Sodovik Sterlitamak players
FC Tom Tomsk players
FC Orenburg players


Historic Folsom station is a side platformed Sacramento RT Light Rail station in Folsom, California, United States. The station was opened on October 15, 2005, is operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District and is the current eastern terminus of the Gold Line. The station is located near the intersection of Sutter Street and Reading Street, adjacent to the Western-themed city center.

Platforms and tracks

References

Sacramento Regional Transit light rail stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 2005
Folsom, California


WBII-CD (channel 20) is a low-power, Class A religious television station in Holly Springs, Mississippi, United States, affiliated with the Sonlife Broadcasting Network. Its transmitter is located on Court Street in Ashland, Mississippi.

History
The station signed on March 4, 1994, as an affiliate of Network One. It was also briefly affiliated with UPN at one point. When Network One shut down and ceased operations in 1998, the station then became an affiliate of Pursuit Channel. In the fall of 2011, WBII dropped the Pursuit Channel and picked up Retro TV, after WLMT (channel 30) in Memphis, Tennessee, dropped that affiliation from its second subchannel that same year in favor of MeTV. Additionally, WBII added two subchannels affiliated with Frost Great Outdoors on CD2, and PBJ on CD3. All three of these networks were owned by Luken Communications. In January 2016, WBII made drastic changes to its channel lineup, dropping the Luken networks. The channel now has the Sonlife Broadcasting Network (a religious network owned by Jimmy Swaggart) on its main subchannel and Tuff TV on its second subchannel. (Tuff TV was previously available from 2009 to 2011 on the station's second subchannel before being replaced by Frost Great Outdoors.) GOD TV was added to 20.3, and WBII added a fourth subchannel carrying Heartland.

Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

References

BII-CD
Television channels and stations established in 1994
1994 establishments in Mississippi
NewsNet affiliates
Holly Springs, Mississippi


The Astrosmurf (original French title Le Cosmoschtroumpf) is the sixth album of the original French-language Smurfs comic series created by Belgian artist Peyo.

Apart from the titular one, it contains another story: The weather smurf.

Plots

The Astrosmurf
There is a smurf who wants to travel to outer space, so he tries to build a rocketship, but it fails to get off the ground and so he grows moody and depressed. Papa Smurf and the other smurfs make a plan in order to cheer him up; they say him that Handy Smurf repaired the rocket and urge him to board it and become the first "Astrosmurf"; before he boards the ship, they have him toast to the voyage with spiked fruit juice, which promptly puts him to sleep. After that, the smurfs dismantle the ship and take it to a volcano, where they disguise themselves as aliens named "Swoofs", so Astrosmurf believes he has arrived to another planet.

The Weather Smurf
Handy Smurf creates a weather machine, so the smurfs use it to make a sunny day and have a picnic. Poet Smurf stays in the village to compose an ode to the Sun, while Farmer Smurf also stays, upset because the sun will dry his crops, so he decides to use the machine to make rain. When it rains, Poet Smurf uses the machine to have sun, then Farmer Smurf uses it to have rain, and so on, til the machine's controls break and it begins to make sudden weather changes (snow, winds, storms). The smurfs who are in the picnic note this, so they return to the village. After many weather-related obstacles, the smurfs reach the machine, and Papa Smurf destroys Brainy Smurf's umbrella to make a kite that, tied to the machine, receives a thunderbolt and makes the weather machine to explode. All is back to normal and the smurfs return to the village.

Publication and other media
In the Hanna-Barbera cartoon, Smurfette appears in the animated version of the stories, but not in the original comic versions.
Gargamel appears in the animated version of "The Astrosmurf", but not in the comic. Plus, the Swoofs, who are red with white lips in the comic, are green in the cartoon due to fears of being accused for being racist.
The animated version of “The Astrosmurf” also used some scenes adapted from “The Flying Smurf” which was one of the stories from The Black Smurfs

See also
Characters in The Smurfs

The Smurfs books


Lester George Brookman (September 3, 1904 – November 23, 1971), of Minnesota, was a stamp dealer who was an expert on 19th century United States postage stamps and postal history.

Stamp dealer
Brookman started his business of selling stamps in 1934. He published the Brookman's U.S. Price List, which was used as a standard pricing tool by stamp dealers for many years.

Philatelic literature
Brookman published his most significant work, The United States Postage Stamps of the 19th Century, in three volumes from 1947 to 1967 for which he was awarded the Grand Award. From 1941 to 1945 Brookman was editor of the philatelic journal, The American Philatelist.

Honors and awards
Brookman received the Luff Award in 1946 for Exceptional Contributions to Philately and again in 1948 for Distinguished Philatelic Research. In 1968 he was awarded the Grand Award by the American Philatelic Society's Writer's Unit 30. He signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1950 and was named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 1972.

See also
 Philately
 Philatelic literature

References and sources
References

Sources
Lester George Brookman

1904 births
1971 deaths
Philatelic literature
American philatelists
American stamp dealers
People from Minnesota
Signatories to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists
20th-century American businesspeople
American Philatelic Society


Vladimir Tainikov, Uladzimir Taynikaw (; born June 23, 1959) is a Soviet sprint canoer who competed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He won four medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (K-2 1000 m: 1978), a silver (K-4 500 m: 1979), and two bronzes (K-2 500 m: 1978, K-2 1000 m: 1979).

Trainikov also finished seventh in the K-4 1000 m event at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

References

Sports-Reference.com profile

1959 births
Canoeists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Living people
Olympic canoeists for the Soviet Union
Soviet male canoeists
Belarusian male canoeists
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak


Vimicro Corporation ()  is a Chinese fabless chip company which specializes in research and development and production and marketing of multimedia processors for personal computers (PCs) and mobile phones. It is headquartered in Haidian District, Beijing, China. It was founded in 1999 when the Chinese government invited a group of Chinese people who had been educated and had established careers in Silicon Valley to return to China to start a company. It was the first Chinese chip design company with proprietary technology to be listed on NASDAQ.

In 2018, Vimicro applied for an IPO with the China Securities Regulatory Commission, which was transferred in 2020 to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange ChiNext board to be reviewed. The review was then terminated in December 2020, when Vimicro withdrew the application and stated that it was for reasons of the changes to their business development plan in which chip businesses were merging. The reapplication was planned to happen when the time was right.

References

External links

 The company's website

Fabless semiconductor companies
Semiconductor companies of China


Sidney Percival Wallington (15 October 1908 – December 1989) was an English professional footballer who made 96 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and Bristol Rovers. He played as a wing half.

Wallington was born in the Small Heath district of Birmingham, and lived in St Andrew's Road, adjacent to Birmingham F.C.'s St Andrew's ground. A pupil of Ada Road School, Wallington played for the Birmingham Schools representative team that reached the final of the English Schools' Football Association Trophy in 1923. He signed for Birmingham from Wolseley Motors in 1928, and played for their junior teams in a variety of positions before making his debut in the First Division on 30 April 1932, the penultimate game of the 1931–32 season, in a 4–0 home win against Chelsea. Though his performance received a favourable report – the Birmingham Mail described his excellent ball control and felt that "one saw enough of him to justify the conclusion that he understands the defensive duties of a wing half-back equally well" – Birmingham's next game was Wallington's last for the club.

The following year he joined Bristol Rovers, where he played 94 league games in four seasons and helped them win the Football League Third Division South Cup in 1935. He went on to Worcester City, where he also acted as manager during the 1937–38 season, and finished his career at Cradley Heath St Luke's.

Wallington died in his native Birmingham in December 1989 at the age of 81.

Honours
with Birmingham Schools
 ESFA Trophy runners-up: 1923
with Bristol Rovers
 Third Division South Cup winners: 1935

References

1908 births
1989 deaths
Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands
English men's footballers
Men's association football wing halves
Birmingham City F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Worcester City F.C. players
Cradley Heath F.C. players
English Football League players
English football managers
Worcester City F.C. managers


Laskow may refer to the following places in Poland:
Łasków, Lublin Voivodeship
Lasków, Masovian Voivodeship
Lasków, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship


Ngamau Mere Munokoa  (born 13 August 1944), also known as "Aunty Mau", is a Cook Islands politician and former Cabinet Minister.  She was the third woman ever elected to the Cook Islands Parliament, the second appointed to Cabinet, and the first to hold the post of Cook Islands Deputy Prime Minister. She is a member of the Cook Islands Democratic Party.

Early life
Munokoa was born in Rarotonga and attended Arorangi, Avarua and Nikao Primary schools and Tereora College. She trained for clerical work in Auckland, New Zealand in the hope of becoming a teacher, but returned to the Cook Islands in 1962 to open a shop.

Political career
Munokoa first ran for Parliament in 1994, but was unsuccessful. She was elected in the 1996 Nikao–Panama by-election, defeating then-Cook Islands Party candidate Tina Browne. In 1999 she was appointed as Minister of Internal Affairs and Works in the Cabinet of Sir Terepai Maoate. She later served in the Cabinet of Robert Woonton, and in 2003 was appointed Deputy Prime Minister, becoming the first Cook Islands woman to hold the position.  She later resigned from Woonton's Cabinet following his decision to form a coalition with the rival Cook Islands Party, but was reappointed in 2005 by Jim Marurai. She continued to serve in Cabinet, holding various portfolios, until December 2009, when she resigned over the sacking of Democratic Party leader Terepai Maoate.

She was re-elected at the 2010 election, and again in 2014. She failed to be re-elected in the 2018 election, losing to Vaine Mokoroa. Her 22-year career made her the longest-serving female MP.

Recognition
Munokoa was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2010 New Year Honours. In October 2019, she was inducted into the hall of fame at the inaugural Vaine Rangatira awards for Cook Islands women.

References

Living people
1944 births
Members of the Parliament of the Cook Islands
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Rarotonga
Democratic Party (Cook Islands) politicians
Cook Island businesspeople
Cook Island Māori people
20th-century New Zealand women politicians
20th-century New Zealand politicians
21st-century New Zealand women politicians
21st-century New Zealand politicians
Women government ministers of the Cook Islands
Deputy Prime Ministers of the Cook Islands
Agriculture ministers of the Cook Islands
Environment ministers of the Cook Islands
Interior ministers of the Cook Islands
Justice ministers of the Cook Islands
Labour ministers of the Cook Islands


Irlande is a municipality in Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. Its population was 884 as of the Canada 2016 Census.

Irlande does not have a town or village centre, but the hamlet of Maple Grove, at the intersection of Chemins Craig and Gosford, constitutes the only notable urban agglomeration. This is where the Holy Trinity Anglican Church and the rectory are located.

Name
The township of Ireland was first colonized by Irish settlers, who called the area "New Ireland." The municipality kept the English spelling until 1987, when it took the French "Irlande". "Irlande" is the French name for Ireland.

References

Commission de toponymie du Québec
Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire

Incorporated places in Chaudière-Appalaches
Irish diaspora in Quebec
Municipalities in Quebec


Aleksandr Sergeyevich Zernov (; born 21 July 1974) is a Russian former professional footballer and coach.

Career
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 1996 for FC Rotor Volgograd.

Honours
 Russian Premier League runner-up: 1997.
 Russian Premier League bronze: 1996.

European competition history
 UEFA Cup 1995–96 with FC Rotor Volgograd: 4 games.
 UEFA Intertoto Cup 1996 with FC Rotor Volgograd: 8 games, 3 goals.
 UEFA Cup 1997–98 with FC Rotor Volgograd: 6 games, 1 goal.
 UEFA Cup 1998–99 with FC Rotor Volgograd: 1 game, 1 goal.

References

1974 births
Sportspeople from Ivanovo
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Russia men's youth international footballers
FC Rotor Volgograd players
FC Akhmat Grozny players
FC Baltika Kaliningrad players
Russian Premier League players
FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod players
FC Sodovik Sterlitamak players
Russian football managers
Men's association football forwards
FC Tekstilshchik Ivanovo players
Soviet men's footballers


Tad Jones (born October 23, 1972) is a United States Republican politician from Oklahoma. Jones served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives as the Majority Floor Leader.

Jones was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1998. Due to term limits placed on him by the Oklahoma Constitution, his final term ended in November 2010.

He currently resides in Claremore with his wife Samantha and their three children, Logan, Blake and Connor.

Early life and career
Jones was born in Tucson, Arizona on October 23, 1972. His parents are Ted and Corky (Burkert) Jones. Tad graduated from Oologah High School in 1991 and then went to the University of Mississippi as a walk-on QB. Tad Jones transferred to the University of Tulsa in 1993 where he was a walk-on QB for the Golden Hurricane and he eventually gained a football scholarship. He graduated from Tulsa University in 1996 and he earned a degree in marketing. Jones is a member of the Fellowship of Christian Athletes and Rotary International.

Political career
Jones entered the Legislature in 1998 as a Republican in the then Democrat-controlled Oklahoma House of Representatives. For several years, rarely did more than one of his bills become law. By 2005, however, Jones was seeing more success with three bills from the 2005 legislative session signed into law, including the "Inpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment of Minors Act".

Prior to becoming House Majority Leader, Jones served as the chair of the House education committee. Education bills he has authored and that were signed into law include a bill that created Oklahoma's Academic Achievement Award (AAA) and a measure that authorized the Board of Education to license teachers from the Teach for American program.

References

1972 births
Living people
People from Claremore, Oklahoma
Politicians from Tucson, Arizona
University of Tulsa alumni
Republican Party members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives
21st-century American politicians


Joel Antonio Reyes Zúñiga (born 8 April 1972) is a Chilean former footballer who played as defensive midfielder. His last professional club was Santiago Morning.

Reyes was the first signing of a Chilean club in bankruptcy after accepting play for Colo-Colo in 2002, year which was champion. He has received five caps with the Chile national team.

He is nicknamed Pelao, which means bonehead in Chilean Spanish.

Club career
Born in Peñaflor, he started his career at Chilean second-tier side Deportes Colchagua in January 1999 aged 26, a very late age for began to play football. However, on mid-year, Reyes was signed by first-tier club Santiago Morning, being the following season runner–up of the 2000 Copa Chile.

In 2002, he joined Chilean powerhouse Colo-Colo and helped the team to win the Torneo Clausura during its bankruptcy period. In 2004, he moved to Universidad de Concepción to play the Copa Libertadores, which was the club's first ever participation in it.

In January 2005, after a season in Concepción, he signed for Unión Española. There he added another honour to his palmares, having reached the Torneo Apertura. In late 2006, he finished his contract with Unión and joined Everton.

On 8 January 2008, after reaching an agreement to terminate his contract with Everton, Reyes signed a contract with Ñublense. An undisputed starter in Chillán–based side, he became the team’s captain and was part of the club’s only one team in play an international tournament after (2008 Copa Sudamericana).

In December 2010, he ended his contract with Ñublense and then joined first-tier Santiago Morning, which was his last club. He left Santiago Morning after its relegation.

Honours

Club
Santiago Morning
 Copa Chile: Runner–up 2000

Colo-Colo
 Primera División de Chile (1): 2002 Clausura

Unión Española
 Primera División de Chile (1): 2005 Apertura

References

External links
 Joel Reyes at Football-Lineups

1972 births
Living people
Chilean men's footballers
Colo-Colo footballers
Everton de Viña del Mar footballers
Ñublense footballers
Unión Española footballers
C.D. Universidad de Concepción footballers
Santiago Morning footballers
Unión San Felipe footballers
Primera B de Chile players
Chilean Primera División players
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Santiago Metropolitan Region


Yevgeni Borisovich Malakhov (; born 17 November 1982) is a former Russian professional footballer.

Club career
After playing in the reserves, he made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 2002 for FC Uralan Elista.

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Russian men's footballers
FC Lada-Tolyatti players
FC Elista players
Russian Premier League players
FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod players
Men's association football midfielders
FC Novokuznetsk players


The Annual Review of Sex Research was a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Routledge on behalf of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality. It was established in 1990 and the last independent issue appeared in 2007. Starting in 2009, the journal was incorporated in the Journal of Sex Research, with issues of the Annual Review published as special annual issues.

This periodical covered a wide range of topics about sexuality. These covered topics is far-reaching as medicine, psychology, and anthropology to topics in sexual orientation and sex in art. As an example, the 1994 edition has articles that range as wide as hormonal influence or on sexual desire in human females, to history of sex study, to how being raised in a queer family affects children, and ends with an article about sadomasochism. By comparison, the journal contains articles that range from the way mates are chosen among upper primates, to condom use, a piece discussing sexual innuendos in surrealistic paintings,  the intersection of sexual identity and personality, and ends with an article talking about the neuroanatomy and physiology of ejaculation.

References

Annual journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1990
Sexology journals
Publications disestablished in 2007
Routledge academic journals


Danny Morgan is a Democratic politician from the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Morgan served as Minority Leader of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from 2006 to 2010. He also served as the mayor of Prague, Oklahoma.

Early life
Morgan was born and raised in Prague, Oklahoma and graduated from Prague High School. He graduated from Central State University in Edmond with a bachelor's degree in business administration. Following graduation, he went to work in the oilfield as a truck driver and field supervisor, working for his father former Oklahoma House of Representative of District 32, Charlie O. Morgan. Charlie founded Morgan Well Service in 1964.

Morgan served as the mayor of Prague, Oklahoma, a board member of the Prague Municipal Hospital and chair of the Lincoln County Excise Board. He also served as a committee vice chair of the Last Frontier Council of the Boy Scouts of America and is a past board member of the Girl Scouts of the USA Redlands Council. He is a graduate of Leadership Oklahoma – Class XVII.

Political career
Morgan began his service in the Oklahoma House of Representatives in 2002. In 2005, he was elected Minority Leader, making him the primary leader of the Democratic Caucus to succeed Jari Askins. He served in the capacity of Minority Leader for four years.

During his time in the legislature, he received numerous honors and awards. He has been honored by Safe Kids Oklahoma as a Friend of Safe Kids, and by the Silver Haired Legislature in appreciation for his service to senior citizens. In 2008, he was inducted into the Institute for Child Advocacy Child Advocates Hall of Fame.

In 2009 Danny was one of only five recognized as a Distinguished Former Student honoree by the University of Central Oklahoma Alumni Association.

Danny has been named an honorary member of the Lincoln County 4-H and received an honorary Chapter FFA Degree from the Prague FFA.  The Selective Service gave him their Honored Patriot Award in 2005.  That same year, he received the Friend of Higher Education Award from the Higher Education Alumni Council of Oklahoma, and the University of Oklahoma inducted him into their Crimson Capitol Club. The Independent Insurance Agents of Oklahoma, the Rural Health Association, and the Enid Oilman's Association have all named him as their Legislator of the Year.

Morgan is the primary author of HCR 1024, a concurrent resolution introduced into the Oklahoma House of Representatives on February 6, 2012. It proposes changing the Oklahoma state motto from Labor Omnia Vincit (Latin for "Labor Conquers All Things") to "Oklahoma - In God We Trust!".

Personal life
Morgan was married to Debbie (Hicks) for 25 years and together they have two children, Zachary and Danielle.

Election history

References

External links
Oklahoma House Historic Membership

Living people
Democratic Party members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives
1972 births
University of Central Oklahoma alumni
People from Prague, Oklahoma
Mayors of places in Oklahoma
21st-century American politicians


Pavel Viktorovich Mogilevskiy (; born 17 April 1980) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player. He is a coach at the academy of FC Orenburg.

Playing career
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 2000 for FC Rotor Volgograd.

References

1980 births
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Russian Premier League players
FC Rotor Volgograd players
FC Tom Tomsk players
FC Rostov players
FC Baltika Kaliningrad players
FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod players
FC Luch Vladivostok players
FC Sodovik Sterlitamak players
FC Fakel Voronezh players
Men's association football defenders
Russian football managers
FC Kuban Krasnodar (2018) managers
Footballers from Volgograd


Edgar Allen "Pete" Goff Jr. (December 12, 1896 – February 11, 1989) was a United States Air Force colonel and jet fighter pilot. He was a member of the Early Birds of Aviation. In service, he spent 13 years on active duty and 36 additional years as a reserve officer.

Biography
He was born on December 12, 1896, to Edgar Allen Goff Sr. in Battle Creek, Michigan.

He built and flew his first glider in January 1912 when he was in high school in Battle Creek, Michigan. He made his first recorded flight in June 1915.

He joined the Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps in January 1917, and after receiving his ground and primary flight training, he took advanced training at Kelly Field and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Officers Reserve Corps in May 1919.

For several years Pete operated a sales, service, school and taxi business in Battle Creek as the Battle Creek Air Service.

He was employed by Stinson and Verville Aircraft Company. He also flew for a few months as air mail pilot.

From 1937 to 1942 he was employed by the Bureau of Air Commerce in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, leaving his position as Senior Aeronautical Inspector to return to active duty in the Air Force. He had a total of over 11,000 hours of civilian flying and 6,000 hours of recorded military flight.

He retired from active military service on January 31, 1957. On January 14, 1957, Pete's fellow officers and many of his Early Bird friends honored him at a cocktail hour and dinner at the officers club at Wright-Patterson AFB where Pete was stationed. Guest speaker was Brigadier General Leslie Mulzer, and his flying career from pushers to jets was recalled in fond tribute to a man who has contributed greatly to the development of aviation.

He then joined Link Aviation of Binghamton, New York.

He died on February 11, 1989, in Edgewater, Maryland, of respiratory failure.

Legacy
He was inducted into the Michigan Aviation Hall of Fame on October 7, 2000.

References

Aviators from Michigan
Members of the Early Birds of Aviation
1896 births
1989 deaths


collectd is a Unix daemon that collects, transfers and stores performance data of computers and network equipment. The acquired data is meant to help system administrators maintain an overview over available resources to detect existing or looming bottlenecks.

The first version of the daemon was written in 2005 by Florian Forster and has been further developed as free open-source project. Other developers have written improvements and extensions to the software that have been incorporated into the project. Most files of the source code are licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2 (GPLv2), the remaining files are licensed under other open source licenses.

Operation
collectd uses a modular design: The daemon itself only implements infrastructure for filtering and relaying data as well as auxiliary functions and requires very few resources, it even runs on OpenWrt-powered embedded devices. Data acquisition and storage is handled by plug-ins in the form of shared objects. This way code specific to one operating system is mostly kept out of the actual daemon. Plug-ins may have their own dependencies, for example a specific operating system or software libraries. Other tasks performed by the plug-ins include processing of “notifications” and log messages.

Data acquisition plug-ins, called "read plug-ins" in collectd's documentation, can be roughly put into three categories:
 Operating system plug-ins collect information such as CPU utilization, memory usage, or number of users logged into a system. These plug-ins usually need to be ported to each operating system. Not all such plug-ins are available for all operating systems.
 Application plug-ins collect performance data from or about an application running on the same or a remote computer, for example the Apache HTTP Server. These plug-ins often use software libraries but are usually otherwise operating system independent.
 Generic plug-ins offer basic functions that the user can employ to perform specific tasks. Examples are querying of network equipment using SNMP or execution of custom programs or scripts.

So called "write plug-ins" offer the possibility to store the collected data on disk using RRD- or CSV-files, or to send data over the network to a remote instance of the daemon.

Networking
Included in the source code distribution of collectd is the so-called "network" plug-in, which can be used to send and receive data to/from other instances of the daemon. In a typical networked setup the daemon would run on each monitored host (called "clients") with the network plug-in configured to send collected data to one or more network addresses. On one or more so called "servers" the same daemon would run but with a different configuration, so that the network plug-in receives data instead of sending it. Often the RRDtool-plug-in is used on servers to store the performance data.

The plug-in uses a binary network protocol over UDP. Both, IPv4 and IPv6 are supported as network layer. It is possible to use unicast (point-to-point) and multicast (point-to-group) addressing. Authentication and encryption has been added to the protocol with version 4.7.0, released in May 2009.

See also
 Cacti
 Munin
 Multi Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG)
 Shinken (software)
 Zabbix
 Comparison of network monitoring systems
 System monitor

References

External links

 List of available plug-ins

Free software programmed in C
Free network management software


Bernd Fleckeisen is an East German sprint canoer who competed in the early 1980s. He won two medals at the 1981 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships  in Nottingham with a silver in the K-2 1000 m and a bronze in the K-2 500 m events.

References

German male canoeists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak


Adam's Apple (1924 – 1946) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning a British Classic, the 2000 Guineas Stakes.

Background
Adam's Apple was sired by Pommern, the 1915 English Triple Crown champion. His dam Mount Whistle was a daughter of the Ascot Gold Cup winner William the Third.

Racing career
At age two, Adam's Apple won the Soltykoff Stakes at Newmarket Racecourse. He ran third in the 1926 Criterion Stakes at Newmarket Racecourse and third again in the New Stakes at Ascot Racecourse  behind Sickle and the winner, Damon. He made four starts as a three-year-old, finishing off the board in three; however, he was ridden to victory by jockey Jack Leach in the 1927 2000 Guineas Stakes, defeating runner-up Call Boy (later The Derby winner), with Sickle third.

Stud record
After his retirement from racing, Adam's Apple was sold to Argentine breeders.  There he met with some success, siring the filly Chimentera, winner of the Las Oaks at Santiago Chile's Club Hipico de Santiago, and the very good filly La Bastille, likewise a winner of the Oaks but who also defeated her male counterparts in winning the El Derby at the Valparaiso Sporting Club racetrack at Vina del Mar, Chile. Adam's Apple died in 1946 at the Ojo de Agua stud in Argentina.

Notes

1924 racehorse births
1946 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in the United Kingdom
Racehorses trained in the United Kingdom
Thoroughbred family 27-a
2000 Guineas winners


Sergei Aleksandrovich Rashevsky (; born 13 June 1980) is a Russian football coach and a former player. He is an assistant coach with FC Rotor Volgograd.

Club career
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 2001 for FC Rotor Volgograd, before moving to Ural in 2005. After several seasons playing for different clubs in Russia, Rashevsky signed with Volga in 2008. He played for the club for three years, before he returned to Ural in 2011.

Since February 2014, he played for the Russian National Football League side Yenisey Krasnoyarsk.

External links
  Official profile at fc-ural.ru

References

1980 births
Living people
Russian men's footballers
FC Rotor Volgograd players
FC Ural Yekaterinburg players
FC Zvezda Irkutsk players
FC Baltika Kaliningrad players
Russian Premier League players
FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod players
FC Sodovik Sterlitamak players
FC Luch Vladivostok players
FC Yenisey Krasnoyarsk players
Men's association football midfielders
FC Tambov players
FC Khimik Dzerzhinsk players
Footballers from Volgograd


A waste converter is a machine used for the treatment and recycling of solid and liquid refuse material. A converter is a self-contained system capable of performing the following functions: pasteurization of organic waste; sterilization of pathogenic or biohazard waste; grinding and pulverization of refuse into unrecognizable output; trash compaction; dehydration.  Because of the wide variety of functions available on converters, this technology has found application in diverse waste-producing industrial segments.  Hospitals, clinics, municipal waste facilities, farms, slaughterhouses, supermarkets, ports, sea vessels, and airports are the primary beneficiaries of on-site waste conversion.

The converter is an evolution of the autoclave, invented by Sir Charles Chamberland in 1879, but differs from a waste autoclave in several key characteristics. While the autoclave relies on high temperature and pressure to achieve moist heat sterilization of waste, a converter operates in the atmospheric pressure range. Superheating conditions and steam generation are achieved by variable pressure control, which cycles between ambient and negative pressure within the sterilization cell. The advantage of this updated approach is a safer and less complicated operation that does not require a pressure vessel. Additionally, while autoclaves require external water input, modern converters utilize the moisture content already present in the conversion cell to generate steam sterilization conditions. Any water that is introduced into the process can be recycled in a closed-loop system as opposed to being dumped as run-off sewage. In general, the converter is a simplified, cleaner, and more efficient update to Sir Charles's invention.

Converter technology is an environmentally friendly alternative to other traditional means of waste disposal that include incineration, plasma arc, and landfill dumping in that waste conversion results in a small carbon footprint, avoids polluting emissions into the atmosphere, and results in a usable end product such as biofuel, soil compost, or building material (see also Refuse-derived fuel).

Applications

Application of the converter is common in centralized waste conversion centers, where large machines process waste on an industrial scale.  MSW (Municipal solid waste) or infectious waste, depending on the type of plant, is sterilized and converted into a sterilized organic and inorganic, innocuous end-product.  Machines used in such large-scale applications process between 1,000 and 4,000 kg of waste per hour.  At the end of each cycle, lasting as little as half-hour in Converters (that are capable of grinding), the pulverized, sanitized, and dehydrated product is off-loaded and segregated for other uses.  Some of the product is routed for use in pulp production, composting, or refuse-derived fuel.

Applications outside of waste treatment centers are increasingly common due to the portability and simplicity of modern converters.  Hospitals are a large beneficiary of converter technology, which allows for the immediate treatment of potentially infected hazardous waste at its source.  Hospitals and clinics equipped to have a zero hazardous waste footprint operate by having a converter placed on every floor where single use sanitary items such as needles, scalpels, bandages, and blood bags are immediately converted into innocuous product.  In addition to the marked improvement in sanitation, on-site treatment of hazardous waste allows operational cost savings for these facilities.  The government of Tuscany, Italy for example calculated an annual figure of 8 Million Euro that was saved by turning to on-site treatment of medical hospital waste.

Supermarkets and food producers (who dump unused food waste in municipal landfills at a rate that is alarming many conservationists) have found a use for converter technology.  By processing unused and decomposing food matter together with packaging and other refuse on site, supermarkets have achieved improvements in terms of waste disposal costs.  This is in addition to improvements in public perception, which had been seriously critical of the amount of waste sent to landfills by food stores.  In the UK alone 6.7 million metric tons of food waste goes into landfills each year, resulting in 8 million metric tons of CO2 being emitted.

Farms, slaughterhouses, and other food producers are likewise becoming more involved in on-site waste conversion.  Larger installations especially, where garbage hauling is a major and expensive operation, currently have economic and legislative incentives to move towards operating own converters.  Recent drives toward environmentally conscious or "green" technologies have even provided government budgets for such installations.

Naval vessels, cruise liners, and off-shore installations such as gas-drilling rigs and oil platforms are another logical application of converter technology.  Due to the extended isolation periods of sea-going vessels and off-shore platforms there is an issue of how to store and dispose of refuse in an efficient and sanitary way.  Worldwide legislation on sea dumping is strict and does not allow, under stringent penalties, any ships or sea vessels to dump waste, gray water, or even ballast water that has been collected in a remote geographic location due to the danger of biological contamination.  Ship-generated waste is either held and disposed of in port waste disposal facilities or can be converted directly on the vessel for easier storage and at times (depending on waste composition) for additional fuel.

Environmental Impact

The converter is one of the "green technologies" available today for waste treatment.  There is a clear and definite positive environmental impact stemming from the use of waste conversion into biofuel, building material, and soil compost.  In 2009 ever-increasing numbers of waste exporters around the world are finding it difficult to find buyers for their cargo.  Increasing numbers of local and national governments are also turning to recycling and conversion technology to relieve the pressure on already-full or overfilled landfills.  Waste conversion, augmented by traditional recycling methods, now allows nearly 99% of all MSW to be reused in some way, thus sharply reducing the demand on landfills.

In 1980 only about 10% on municipal solid waste was recycled, and the product consisted largely of paper and glass recycled material.  With the widespread use of autoclaves, that percentage climbed to a significant 45% by the year 2000, when composting and energy recovery became more common.  With the evolution of the autoclave and the arrival of converters new uses of converted product are emerging on an ongoing basis.  Some application only recently implemented are: Composting and combining with farm fertilizer, building material such as concrete additive, gasification fuel, and furnace/boiler pellet additive.  The latter two are energy recovery options that only became acceptable on a large scale once the product was demonstrated to burn cleanly and within EPA emission regulations.  A notable fact about energy recovery is that even though some waste was already reused in this way as early as 1980, the current generation of converters produces Biomass Fuel that burns exponentially cleaner than the incinerated waste of those times.

There are environmentally conscious improvements that have been built into the design of converters based on the lessons learned from older technologies.  The new machines run on much less power than the large pressure vessel type autoclaves, and can be plugged into 400 V power supplies or run off of a small motor as stand-alone units.  As a result of this, a new degree of portability became possible, and now facilities such as hospitals are placing dish-washer sized units in every department.  One important advent that allowed for a leaner, green technology is the ability of modern converters to transfer mechanical energy and friction force on the waste mass into heat energy that is used in the pasteurization and sterilization processes.

Operation
A typical treatment cycle will begin with the loading of unsorted waste material and end in the offload of a dry powder (product), which now possesses new characteristics and that the input material did not.  The garbage is loaded into a chamber, also the conversion cell, by hand or through the use of a loading elevator or conveyor belt, depending on the application and toxicity/danger level associated with handling the waste.  The previous batch of post-treatment product is removed and a new cycle is started through an electronic control panel.  Modern converters are fully automatic and will finish the computer controlled cycle autonomously, unless a failure occurs.

The precise conditions needed to achieve pasteurization and sterilization are controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC) in millisecond intervals.  This level of control in modern units has allowed for the simplification of autoclave technology to the point where heavy and potentially dangerous pressure vessels are not needed, and sterilization conditions are reached by depressing the conversion cell and continuing to evaporate moisture from the product under negative pressure.  The result is a statistically safer and more reliable machine, which is also smaller and lighter than older autoclaves.

The conversion cycle consists of several sequential steps or phases. The waste is first ground and pulverized to an unrecognizable mixture by a combination of fixed and actuated hardened steel blades.  The mixture is then heated through the injection of steam and also by the heat generated by frictional forces of the grinding phase.  The exact temperature required to pasteurize, and in the subsequent phase to sterilize the waste, is maintained for a time that allows for an 18 log 10 reduction in microorganisms.  In order to eliminate the required amount of microorganisms required by government regulations, a complete saturation of waste matter with superheated steam is required for a minimum amount of time, also regulated by environmental agencies.  The modern converter achieves saturation within 10–15 minutes due to the high degree of pulverization preceding the sterilization phase, whereas older models required up to several hours to saturate and sterilize the same load.

The cycle ends in a cooling phase, during which product continues to be dehydrated.  Upon reaching temperature at which product is safe to handle, near ambient temperature, the cycle automatically shuts down.  The end product is expelled into a tray that can then be hauled off for storage.  The entire process and statistics are recorded and stored in computer memory for record keeping.

Competing Technologies

Waste converters do have indirect competition since there are many modes of waste disposal available in the market.  However, most of the 'competing' technologies can be added into a larger waste conversion process that will usually place the waste converter at the forefront of a supply chain for on-site waste conversion into a sanitized and dehydrated bulk material. Following processing, the bulk material will follow one of several process paths; see Applications section.

Plasma-arc gasification plants are able to process all types of waste under extreme heat that emanates from plasma torches that are in contact with the refuse. Plasma-arc plants produce two types of output; syn-gas, which is collected for use as fuel, and a composite solid that has some properties of plastic and can also be recycled for use in consumer goods.  Plasma-arc and gasification plants are highly complex installations and only compete with converter technology at the level of industrial-size converters.  The two technologies can still be used in series by sterilizing and lightening waste on-site, before sending it to a gasification plant for syn-gas extraction.  This way transportation and storage costs are kept down while maintaining a more sanitary operation.  Adding a waste converter at the front-end of a gasification process will theoretically produce less emissions and a cleaner, more usable end product.

Micro-wave and other irradiation sterilization has been used to sterilize bio-hazard material in large quantities, but all such approaches suffer from major drawbacks as compared to converters.  Irradiation plants are large installations that are expensive to build and maintain, and must necessarily be hub locations as part of a larger supply chain.  There is also a health risk and a danger of exposure to radioactive material in installations that use energy sources for generation of gamma rays and other types of radiation.  In general, Micro-wave and Irradiation technology was used to treat hazardous pathogenic waste before the widespread adoption of moist-heat sterilization that both autoclaves and converters use.  These solutions have been economically forced out of the mainstream use because of their high complexity and operational costs.

The introduction of autoclaves was a big step in the direction of widespread treatment of refuse, and so many functional forms of autoclaves are currently in operation at landfills and treatment centers around the world.  Some common features of autoclaves that differentiate them from competing technologies are as follows.  Autoclaves employ the moist-heat method to sterilize and deactivate refuse in a large pressure vessel where saturated steam is injected.  The end product is completely sanitized and even previously bio-hazardous waste can be discarded in a normal municipal landfill.  Autoclaves employ the same method of sterilization as converters, but do so using larger and more complex equipment that also has higher safety and energy consumption requirements.  In a majority of cases, autoclaves are hub-and-spoke operations requiring regional treatment centers and a supply chain.

Incineration and compaction have traditionally been treatment options and still compete with newer technologies by virtue of having a proven track record.  These solutions are widely recognized as obsolete due to their impact on the biosphere; while compaction has nearly no effect on the long-term goal of reducing waste dumping, incineration had been notorious for polluting the atmosphere.  While incineration is popular for its ability to recover energy from waste, it has been widely debated and regulated in order to preserve clean air.  One solution that had been instituted to update incineration technology is to add converter stations into the supply chain of clean-burning RDF, of refuse-derived fuel.  This, along with advanced filtering and condensation scrubbers was able to render energy recovery from waste a feasible and eco-friendly solution.

Sources
https://www.conversionwastecenter.com/
http://ompeco.com
http://www.cali.gov.co/
https://web.archive.org/web/20090504075858/http://www.ecogeek.org:80/content/view/2510/81/
http://www.ecologicasud.it
http://www.environmentalleverage.com
http://www.epa.gov
http://www.gov.bw/
http://www.hitechambiente.com/index.asp
http://www.ms.ro/
http://www.organicfarming.com.au/
http://www.smrc.com.au/
http://www.svswa.org/
Sterilizzatore "Converter", University of Napoli study by Prof. Paolo Marinelli.

Thermal treatment
Waste treatment technology


Isaac Crewdson (6 June 1780 – 8 May 1844) was a minister of the Quaker meeting at Hardshaw East, Manchester. He wrote A Beacon to the Society of Friends, a work published in 1835 which had a schismatic effect on English Quakerism.

Early life
Isaac Crewdson was born into a Quaker family in Kendal in the English Lake District. He entered the cotton trade and became a successful mill owner in Manchester. He was appointed as a Quaker minister in 1816.

The Beaconite Controversy
In 1831, controversy arose amongst Manchester Quakers over the spiritual emphasis of Quakerism, and these differences culminated in 1835 when Crewdson's A Beacon to the Society of Friends was published.
His book highlighted the distinction many Manchester Quakers drew between the guidance of Scripture and the central feature of Quakerism, the Inner Light, the direct and personal experience of God. Crewdson and his followers believed that too much emphasis was placed by Quakers on the Inner Light, at the expense of Biblical authority.

In his book Crewdson criticized the American Quaker, Elias Hicks (1748–1830), who considered "obedience to the light within" to be the most important principle of worship and who regarded the Bible as a "dead letter" unless read "under the regulating influence of the spirit of God". Hicks had been responsible for the first schism in Quakerism in 1827.

Initially, Hardshaw East Monthly Meeting was thrown into disorder by the controversy. The matter was discussed at the 1835 London Yearly Meeting and a Visiting Committee was appointed to investigate and seek the reconciliation of members there. The committee, which included Crewdson's close friend, Joseph John Gurney, the leading English Quaker evangelical of his time, was inclined to be sympathetic to Crewdson. Even so, the correspondence that took place between Crewdson and the Committee in 1835 was published by them without his knowledge and consent in A Few Particulars of the Correspondence Between the Committee Appointed by the Friends' Yearly Meeting, and Isaac Crewdson. Eventually, the Committee brought matters to a head by asking Crewdson to withdraw his book from circulation, but he refused to do so. He was then suspended from his ministry to prevent further internal strife.

In 1836 the situation was again discussed at the London Yearly Meeting. There Gurney spoke, upholding the supremacy of Scripture, but he also stressed the "true soundness of Friends' views in regard to silent meetings". He also declared that if Friends were to "give way in our meetings for worship to any ministry except that which flows immediately from the Lord's anointing we should suffer loss." Gurney also indicated that "to place the impressions received from our own minds" was a prelude to a Quaker form of Deism. Gurney declared himself to be a "middle man" between the two opposing views and the London Yearly Meeting did not resolve the issue.

The discord was effectively determined when Crewdson tendered his resignation from the Hardshaw East Monthly Meeting, this being accepted on 15 December 1836, along with those of 38 of his supporters. However, the great majority of the Manchester membership chose to remain.

In 1836 and the following year, some 50 Quakers left Manchester Meeting and another 300 left other meetings throughout the country, including those in Bristol, Birmingham, Tottenham and Plymouth. After Manchester, the largest group leaving were from Kendal. Crewdson's daughter Margaret (1808-1864) had married a fellow-Quaker, Henry Waterhouse, in 1832, and they, like her father, resigned from Hardshaw East Monthly Meeting in 1836.

The Beaconite split also divided some Quaker families on partisan lines, as with the Braithwaites and the Lloyd banking family, and ended commercial relations, as with the Benson and Cropper partnership.

The Evangelical Friends
Together with his brother-in-law, the former Hardshaw East Quaker elder William Boulton, Crewdson founded the short-lived "Evangelical Friends", who were termed "Beaconites" by Quakers. They first met for Sunday worship on 18 September 1836 at an infant school in Manchester, before opening their 600-seat chapel at Chorlton-on-Medlock on Sunday 17 December 1837.

They incorporated into their worship baptism and taking the Lord's Supper, which had been rejected by Quakers as rituals that obstructed the relationship between the worshipper and God. The Evangelical Friends held a Yearly Meeting in the style of a Quaker Yearly Meeting in London in 1837 and for a short while published a monthly journal, The Inquirer.

An active abolitionist, Crewdson attended the June 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London.

Legacy
Crewdson died at Bowness on 8 May 1844 and was buried at Rusholme Road Cemetery, Chorlton-on-Medlock, Manchester.

The Evangelical Friends did not flourish and gradually dispersed in the decade after Crewdson's death. Many joined the Plymouth Brethren and brought Quaker simplicity of worship to that movement. Notable Quakers who moved to the Brethren included John Eliot Howard and Robert Mackenzie Beverley.

The Beaconite chapel, which was sparsely attended, languished and was sold to the Baptists in 1844, the year of Crewdson's death.

In 1870, the last surviving member of the 1835 Visiting Committee, Doctor Edward Ash, wrote that the committee had been mistaken in suspending Crewdson's membership.

It has been suggested that A Beacon to the Society of Friends was twenty years ahead of its time and that by the 20th century some Quaker evangelicals had reached a position close to that of Crewdson in the 1830s.

Publications

Hints on a Musical Festival at Manchester, (1827)
Trade to the East Indies(c.1827), referring to the Slave Trade.
Andrew Fuller's Religious Declension, abridgment (1829)
Baxter's Saint's Rest, abridgment (1829)
The Doctrine of the New Testament on Prayer  (1831)
A Beacon to the Society of Friends (1835)
A Defence of the Beacon (1836)
The Beacon Controversy Between the Society of Friends and Isaac Crewdson (1836)
Water Baptism an Ordinance of Christ (1837)
Water Baptism and the Lord's Supper: Scriptural arguments in behalf of the perpetual obligation of these ordinances (1837)
The Trumpet Blown, or an Appeal to the Society of Friends (1838)
Observations on the New Birth (1844)

References

1780 births
1844 deaths
19th-century Quakers
Quaker abolitionists
English abolitionists
English Quakers
People from Kendal
Quaker theologians
Quaker writers


The Yorke Prize is awarded annually by the Faculty of Law at the University of Cambridge for an essay of between 30,000 and 100,000 words on a legal subject, including the history, analysis, administration and reform of law, "of exceptional quality, which makes a substantial contribution to its relevant field of legal knowledge."

The prize, awarded from the Yorke Fund, is open to any graduate of, or any person who is or has been registered as a graduate student of, the university.

Endowment
The Yorke Fund was endowed in 1873 by the will of Edmund Yorke (b. 8 February 1787, d.29 November 1871), alumnus of Rugby School, scholar and later Fellow of St Catharine's College, Cambridge and barrister of Lincoln's Inn, London.

Yorke Prize winners
Winners of the Yorke Prize include:

 Courtney Stanhope Kenny, 1877, 1878, 1879
 Perceval Maitland Laurence, 1878
 Thomas Edward Scrutton 1882, 1884, 1885, 1886
 Richard Cockburn Maclaurin, 1898
 Richard Turner, 1923
 C. J. Hamson, 1932
 J. W. Brunyate, 1929
 Norman Bentwich
 S. F. C. Milsom, 1948
 Robin Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon, 1955
 Norman St John-Stevas, Baron St John of Fawsley, 1957
 Brian Coote
 John Guy
 John H. Langbein
 Sir John Baker, 1975
 Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade, 1977
 Francis Gurry, 1980
 Paul McHugh, 1988
 Neil Jones
 Mark Elliott
 Ralph Wilde
 Andrew Lang
 Kate Purcell
 Jason Varuhas
 Alex Mills, 2007
 Kimberly Trapp, 2008
 Marko Milanovic
 Sarah Nouwen
 Tobias Schaffner, 2015
 Federica Paddeu, 2015
 Brendan Plant, 2015
 Naomi Hart
 Fernando Lusa Bordin
 Joe Sampson, 2017
 Visa A.J. Kurki, 2018
 Liron Shmilovits, 2019
 Will Bateman, 2020
 Raffael N. Fasel, 2020
 Michael Foran 2021
 Stevie Martin, 2021
 Alex Waghorn, 2022
 Maayan Menashe, 2022
 Francesca Farrington, 2023
 Narine Lalafaryan, 2023

References

Legal awards
Awards established in 1873
Awards and prizes of the University of Cambridge
Scholarships in the United Kingdom
Awards honoring alumni


Troy Cablevision is a regional cable television, cable internet, Security Systems, and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) provider that serves Southeast Alabama. Its motto is "Your Hometown Communications Company". It is currently the only cable TV provider in the country that carries Pursuit Channel (based in Luverne) 24 hours a day. Currently, their services include Cable Television, Digital telephone, Broadband and Security Systems. Their employees are based in Alabama, from network engineers to receptionists  all the way to the CEO.

Government Grants

Troy Cablevision, Inc. was awarded $26.1 million in federal stimulus funds in August 2010 to build a middle-mile fiber optic broadband network connecting Pike, Coffee, Crenshaw and Dale counties to Internet POP points in Montgomery and Dothan. The Southeast Alabama SmartBand initiative calls for 595 miles of fiber. The service provider already belongs to a publicprivate partnership with the South Alabama Electrical Cooperative for an effort to enable smart grid energy management services for the coop's 17,000 electric customers in Pike, Coffee and Crenshaw counties. That initiative will include two backhaul routes to Atlanta, which could boost connectivity and attract economic development to the area.

External links
 Troy Cablevision - Official Site

References

Cable television companies of the United States
Companies based in Alabama
Telecommunications companies of the United States
Internet service providers of the United States
Broadband
Video on demand
VoIP companies of the United States


The Western Railway (Westbahn) in Württemberg was opened in 1853 and ran from Bietigheim-Bissingen to Bruchsal. It was the first railway link between the states of Württemberg and Baden in Germany and one of the oldest lines in Germany.

Formerly an important link line in national and international long-distance traffic, it has largely lost that role since the opening of the Mannheim–Stuttgart high-speed railway and primarily handles regional and goods traffic between the cities of Stuttgart, Karlsruhe, Mannheim and Heidelberg.

Route
In Bietigheim-Bissingen the Western Railway branches off from the Franconia Railway (Stuttgart–Heilbronn–Würzburg) in turning left and crosses the Bietigheim Enz Valley Viaduct. After that it runs on the slope above the Metter river until it passes through a tunnel to reach Vaihingen (Enz) station. In Mühlacker, where the line to Karlsruhe branches off, the Western Railway turns to the northeast towards Bretten where the Kraichgau line intersects.

The line runs along the valley of the Saalbach and ends in Bruchsal. The line bypasses Bruchsal's old town by running to the south and looping back to the north through several tunnels. A short tunnel passes under the cemetery; two longer, parallel tunnels enable the line to reach Bruchsal station, while keeping regional and freight traffic separate.

Between Bietigheim-Bissingen and Vaihingen the Western Railway runs within the Ludwigsburg district, from Illingen to Kleinvillars it crossed the Enz district and the rest of the line to Bruchsal is located in the Karlsruhe district.

History
The Western Railway was the first link between the railway networks of the Grand Duchy of Baden and Kingdom of Württemberg. It linked the Baden Mainline in Bruchsal with the Württemberg Northern Railway in Bietigheim. The Western Railway was thus an important element in creating an all-German railway network. Its construction, however, was preceded by years of conflict, because Baden and Wuerttemberg had different interests.

Negotiations between Baden and Württemberg
The Western Railway was a project undertaken by Württemberg, which began planning its main lines in 1835 (see also History of railways in Württemberg). These were the beginning of the idea of a future interconnected network, which would also develop in other nearby countries (Baden, Bavaria and Switzerland). The Western Railway, in this context, would meet Württemberg need to connect with the Rhine valley, but also provide a connection from Western Germany and France to Bavaria and South East Germany, which, it was believed, would make the Württemberg railways financially viable.

In 1840, Baden had begun the construction of its Rhine Valley Railway from Mannheim to Heidelberg, Bruchsal, Durlach and Karlsruhe, and later to Basel and Constance. Württemberg's desire to establish a connection to the Rhine Valley line led Baden, on the one hand, to fear Württemberg's competition in trade with the region around Lake Constance and Switzerland and, on the other hand, to welcome the prospect of being able to participate in east–west traffic. There were for a long time conflicts over the choice of the point of connection and over technical parameters, such as track gauge.

For the route there were essentially three options considered, which were in order from north to south:
from Heilbronn to Wiesloch
from the Württemberg Northern Railway branching off north of Ludwigsburg to Bretten and Bruchsal
 from the Württemberg network to Pforzheim and from there to Durlach
The first option would have been favourable for Württemberg since it would have led to operations over a longer section of its own network. For this reason, and because it was unfavourable for transport to Karlsruhe, Baden rejected it outright. It thus played no serious role in the negotiations.

The second option (called the Bretten line) was championed by Württemberg, the third (the Pforzheim line) by Baden. Baden wished to provide a rail connection through Pforzheim (which was an important industrial city) and also to keep transit traffic on the Rhine Valley Railway as long as possible. A variation of this line that ran through Zuffenhausen, Ditzingen and Friolzheim was also considered, but not considered feasible. The subsequent investigations of this option focused on a line from Pforzheim along the Enz valley to a border crossing at Mühlacker.

Preliminary discussions between the two countries led in the late 1830s to a study of the Pforzheim route by a joint commission, which found it to be suitable for Baden but inappropriate for Württemberg. In 1842, Württemberg asked for an investigation of the Bretten route.

Given the disagreement, the Württemberg railway law of 1843, which authorised the construction of its main lines, initially only stated that a connection should be made to the Baden network, without specifying a route.

In its investigation, the commission acknowledged in 1844 the mutual technical advantages of the Bretten route over the Pforzheim line. Baden, however, continued to press for the latter route and tried in addition, as the only German state with a broad gauge rail network, to require that Württemberg line use Irish gauge (). Württemberg had, however, already decided in favour of standard gauge for its network.

The Württemberg Diet was inclined to agree to Baden's desire for the Pforzheim route, but only on condition that the Heilbronn–Wiesloch line should be built as well. This solution was offered to Baden but it was rejected.
Since an agreement had initially failed, efforts were made to present the other side with a fait accompli. The Wurttemberg government decided to build a railway to the border near Bretten. The Baden parliament proposed to grant a concession to a private company for a Durlach–Pforzheim railway, but found no operator for it.

The March Revolution of 1848/49, which particular affected Baden, delayed the Western Railway. When negotiations recommenced in 1850, Württemberg had already completed other major lines (from Heilbronn to Stuttgart, Ulm and Lake Constance). This strengthened its bargaining position, while Baden's finances had deteriorated as a result of the revolution. As a result, Baden accepted Württemberg's offer to build and operate the entire route at its own cost and gave in on the questions on route and gauge.

Planning and building

On 4 December 1850 a treaty was concluded for the construction of the Western Railway. The line would make provision for a junction to a line towards Pforzheim. The railway was built under the direction of Karl Etzel, using standard gauge of , which had already become widely accepted in most European countries. The cost of the line came to a total of 11.37 million guilders, which made it the most expensive line per kilometre in Württemberg.

There were greater difficulties for the line in Württemberg, particularly in crossing the deep Enz valley. Initial plans envisaged crossing the river further west, in Bissingen or near the Leudelsbach valley, and then following that valley to Vaihingen. The British rail expert, Charles Vignoles recommended a junction with the Northern Railway in Tamm and the building a large viaduct at the Bissingen saw mill to reach Kleinglattbach and Illingen on a direct route. These alignments had the advantages that they were relatively straightforward; their disadvantages was their need to run through difficult terrain with poor grades and the requirement of a high and long bridge over the Enz.

Karl Etzel proposed in 1845 the more northerly branch in Bietigheim, since the Enz valley was at its narrowest there and therefore a shorter and lower bridge was required than in the previous plans. Although the line would be longer, it would achieve cost savings. Etzel's ideas prevailed, and so the Enz valley viaduct was built at Bietigheimer, with a length of 287 metres and a height of 26 meters, the largest engineering works on the route and very expensive to build. On 13 August 1853 it was inaugurated with great ceremony.

The best route for the line would have been through the Metter valley and via Zaisersweiher to Knittlingen. Taking into account the Baden interest in serving Pforzheim, the line was laid on the slope between the Metter and Enz valleys with provision made for a junction to the north of the hamlet of Mühlacker so that a connection could be later built to Pforzheim. On 17 November 1852, the Maulbronn tunnel was broken through between Ötisheim and Maulbronn, under the watershed between the Rhine and the Enz.

On the Baden side the line ran between Bretten and Bruchsal largely through the valley of the Saalbach. In Bruchsal the route was controversial, as the town's cemetery was on the edge of the old town in the Saalbach valley in the way of the direct route to Baden station. The town of Bruchsal initially opposed a plan to tunnel under the cemetery, since it was thought that it would disturb the peace of the dead. It was then proposed to build a separate terminal station for the Württemberg railway before Bruchsal in the Saalbach valley, which would have avoided the cost of constructing the tunnel, amounting to 200,000 guilders. Passengers and freight would then have to be transported by horse and buggy through the town to Baden station. Ultimately, the town allowed the construction of the 120-metre cemetery tunnel.

1853–1920: developments under the Württemberg and Baden State Railways

On 1 October 1853 the Western Railway went into service; the inaugural trip had run on 20 September. Under a treaty of 1850, the line was operated for its full length, including in Baden, by the Royal Württemberg State Railways. In Bruchsal, there was initially a Württemberg station for the Western Railway with standard gauge, which was east of the original Baden station. Only after 1854/55 was the Baden station converted to standard gauge and the lines of the two Bruchsal stations were connected.
The original line from Durlach to Pforzheim and Mühlacker supported by Baden was put into operation in 1863, with Mühlacker as the border station. In conjunction with the Mühlacker–Bietigheim line, this provided a more direct link between Karlsruhe and Stuttgart, which became an important route for long-distance services.

Under the 1850 treaty, Baden had the right to buy back the line on its territory. This right was invoked in 1873, when the plans for the Kraichgau Railway were developed. This would cross the Western Railway in Bretten, but a connection between the lines was not required. The negotiations for the purchase dragged on until 1878, since Württemberg was reluctant to cede the profitable line and there were differences over the purchase price for the line. With the construction of the Kraichgau railway, the Bretten Station, which had previously been in close proximity to the city centre, was moved to the south-western outskirts. From 15 October 1879, the Baden State Railways took over the assets and operations of the line from Bretten to Bruchsal.

Between 1859 and 1862, only the first section from Bietigheim to Mühlacker was double track. The Bruchsal–Bretten section was duplicated in 1888 by the Baden Railways and the Württemberg Baden Railways completed the duplication between Mühlacker and Bretten in 1890.

The original stations along the line were in Mühlacker, Maulbronn and Bretten, with halts in Großsachsenheim (now Sachsenheim), Sersheim, Illingen, Gondelsheim and Heidelsheim. Later, halts were opened at Ruit, Ölbronn (1891), Ötisheim (1890), Ensingen (1900), Helmsheim (1909) and Metterzimmern (1912). During 1904, the Vaihingen–Enzweihingen line (called the Vaihinger Stadtbahn prior to the suspension of its operations in 2002) opened from Sersheim-Vaihingen station, which was situated some distance from both Vaihingen and Sersheim. In 1906 the station was renamed Vaihingen (Enz) Staatsbahnhof ("state station"). This was renamed Vaihingen (Enz) Reichsbahnhof ("national station") in 1923 and Vaihingen (Enz) Nordbahnhof ("north station") in 1950. In 1905 a halt was built close to Sersheim.

Between 1890 and 1914 Bruchsal station had developed into a hub for rail transport and underwent extensive modifications. The narrow and steep curves (with grades of about 1.0%) between the station and the cemetery tunnel had over time become an obstacle for the heavier trains now running. On 3 December 1898 a wider curve was opened, which included the 424 metre-long Personenzug-Tunnel ("Passenger train tunnel"). Furthermore, between 1903 and 1906 a new freight line was opened. This connected the freight yard, which is on the west side was Bruchsal station, via a bridge over the tracks of the line to Karlsruhe, then through a 780-metre-long Güterzug-Tunnel ("Freight train tunnel") to Ruhstein junction on the Western Railway. This freight bypass was extended on 29 January 1906 by a connection with the Bruhrain Railway to the west for freight, which would otherwise always have had to cross the tracks of the line to Karlsruhe.

The Western Railway, together with the Durlach–Mühlacker line, had not only regional but national and international significance. In 1914, before the start of World War I, there were nine daily long-distance trains operating on the Bruchsal–Mühlacker–Bietigheim section, connecting western Germany and the Netherlands on one hand and Bavaria and Austria on the other. Trains on 13 major train services operated over the Karlsruhe–Mühlacker–Bietigheim line, including the Paris–Vienna service and the Orient Express.

1920–1945: developments under Deutsche Reichsbahn
On 1 April 1920 the Western Railway became part of the newly formed Deutsche Reichsbahn (German Railways). The elimination of national boundaries had a positive impact especially on freight traffic. Therefore, long-distance freight steadily increased, both towards Heidelberg and via Pforzheim to Karlsruhe. In the course of World War II, the line played an important role, particularly in the transportation of coal from the Saar to southern Germany and Austria.

In 1941 a connecting curve was built in Mühlacker between the Western Railway from Bretten and the line to Pforzheim.
The railway line remained largely unaffected by the fighting of World War II until the autumn of 1944. After that stations and trains were more and more affected by bombing and strafing, causing many deaths and injuries and great property damage. Parts of the line had to be temporarily closed repeatedly. On 1 March 1945 Bruchsal was the target of a devastating bombing raid that destroyed the railway and damaged the tunnel. The Bietigheim viaduct was bombed several times before 8 April 1945, when German troops blew up several of its piers.

Developments 1945–1990

As a result of the damage received the Western Railway was closed to traffic at the end of the war. Since the American occupation troops had an interest in the restoration of the railway, this was quickly addressed. After repairs in Bruchsal and the construction of a temporary viaduct in Bietigheim, the line was re-opened to Stuttgart in June 1945. The complete repair of the Bietigheim viaduct continued until 1949.

On 7 October 1951 the Deutsche Bundesbahn (German Federal Railways, DB) completed the electrification of the Mühlacker–Bietigheim section and the Mühlacker–Bruchsal section on 23 May 1954. Between October 1952 and August 1953, the Maulbronn tunnel was replaced by a deep cutting, which was situated 60 m to the west of the tunnel and was 30 m deep, since the tunnel could not be converted at a reasonable cost to allow sufficient room for overhead lines. After the commissioning of the cutting on 12 December 1953, the tunnel was long used as a wine cellar. The electrification of the line allowed the use of bank engines to be abandoned, these had previously been necessary on a section between Bruchsal and Mühlacker.

The reconstruction of the line accelerated long-distance services from Hamburg to Lindau and Munich. With the introduction of the InterCity network in 1971, a two-hour interval service was introduced between Heidelberg and Stuttgart, this was upgraded to a one-hour service in 1979. To reduce congestion on the line the less frequented stations in Metterzimmern, Ensingen, Maulbronn-West and Ölbronn-Ruit were closed.

1991: opening of the Mannheim–Stuttgart high-speed line
To relieve congestion on the Western Railway, DB had planned a high-speed line between Mannheim and Stuttgart since the late 1960s. Construction of this line lasted until 1991 and it linked to the Western Railway in Vaihingen. As the existing station of Vaihingen (Enz) Nord was poorly laid out and was distant from the town it served, a new seven kilometre-long section was built to the west of the old line. Instead of taking the previous direct route from Sersheim via Kleinglattbach to Illingen, the new line runs along a south-facing arc and then through the Nebenweg tunnel to reach the newly built Vaihingen (Enz) station, which is close to the town of Vaihingen. There it runs parallel with the high-speed line, which runs northwest–southeast, and separates near Illingen to return to the old route. The new section of the Western Railway was opened on 30 September 1990 and the high-speed line a year later.

DB then transferred almost all the major services that had previously run via Bruchsal and Bietigheim on to the new line. This meant that traffic on the Western Railway fell sharply as it was now used almost exclusively for regional passenger and freight services. Even the Interregio-Express service between Karlsruhe and Stuttgart, introduced in 2001, uses the new line from Vaihingen (Enz).  As a result, in October 1993, the second track of the goods relief line was shut down in Bruchsal. The rerouting of the line at Vaihingen reduced traffic on the Vaihinger Stadtbahn, leading to the suspension of its operations in 2002. Freight on the section of line from Vaihingen (Enz) Nord to Sersheim stopped running on 15 August 2003 and the line was closed on 19 November 2004.

Karlsruhe Stadtbahn
Regional services, which was operated primarily between Bruchsal and Mühlacker, declined in importance. To increase its attractiveness, the Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft (Alb Valley transport company, AVG), the operator of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn, extended services over the Western Railway to Bretten in 1992. Due to the great success of this application of this application of the Karlsruhe model, the line was finally incorporated in the Stadtbahn network in 1994, which coincided with a significant revival of passenger traffic on the route.

On 29 May 1994, line S9 services commenced between Bretten and Bruchsal. By 1996, this was followed by the opening of five new stations on this section alone. From 1997, individual services of the S9 ran to Mühlacker; from 30 May 1999, normal S9 services have operated to Mühlacker. Since then, three new stations have been built in this section and the Maulbronn West and Ruit stations have been reactivated. Since the commissioning of the Mannheim–Stuttgart high-speed line, Regional-Express trains have run between Mühlacker and Bietigheim-Bissingen every hour, stopping at all stations.

Also on 30 May 1999, AVG extended line S5, which previously ended in Pforzheim, to Mühlacker, continuing on the Western Railway to Bietigheim-Bissingen, which provided a transfer-free connection to the centre of Karlsruhe. Since then two new stations (Mühlacker Rößlesweg and Ellental) have been established on this section, at which Regional-Express trains stop.

Operations

Lines
Karlsruhe Stadtbahn S9 services operate between Mühlacker and Bruchsal. S5 services operate between Bietigheim-Bissingen and Mühlacker, continuing to Wörth am Rhein in the Rhineland-Palatinate in the west. Some Enz valley trains (S6) run between Bietigheim-Bissingen and Mühlacker, continuing to Pforzheim on the route used by S5.

The Regional-Express (RE) services on the route between Heidelberg and Stuttgart stop at all stops between Bietigheim and Bissingen and at Mühlacker, but only in Bretten between Mühlacker and Bruchsal.

Between Mühlacker and Bietigheim-Bissingen, RE and Interregio-Express (IRE) trains on the Stuttgart–Karlsruhe route run on the line, as well as InterCity trains between Karlsruhe and Nuremberg. While the RE trains stop almost everywhere, the IRE and IC trains only stop at Mühlacker and Vaihingen (Enz).

Rolling stock
The Karlsruhe Stadtbahn lines S5 and S9 use two-system vehicles of GT8-100C/2S and GT8-100D/2S-M classes. The RE services on the Karlsruhe–Stuttgart route since 2002 are usually operated by class 425 electric multiple units, but sometimes by locomotive-hauled double-decker trains. Locomotive-hauled double-decker trains have also operated since 2006 as IREs between the Karlsruhe and Stuttgart and on IR services between Stuttgart and Heidelberg.

See also
 Royal Württemberg State Railways

Notes

References

External links

 Staatsvertrag zwischen Baden und Württemberg über den Bau der Westbahn
 Relikte der verlegten Trasse zwischen Sersheim und Illingen
 Tunnelportale der Westbahn: Strecke 4130, Strecke 4131, Strecke 4800, Strecke 4842
 Kursbuchauszug von 1944: S. 1, S. 2, S. 3, S. 4, S. 5, S. 6

Railway lines in Baden-Württemberg
Railway lines opened in 1853
1853 establishments in Germany
Karlsruhe Stadtbahn


Lugazi University (LU), was a private university in Uganda. The university was founded in 2007. It closed in December 2010.

Location
Lugazi University was located in Lugazi, on a  campus,  east of Kampala on the Kampala-Jinja Highway.

Academics
In September 2007, the university had the following faculties and departments:

 Faculty of Education
 Faculty of Arts
 Faculty of Law
 Faculty of Social Sciences
 Faculty of Business Management
 Faculty of Science & Technology

Courses
Lugazi University offered courses leading to the award of degrees, diplomas and certificates.

Department of Arts and Social Sciences
 Bachelor of Secretarial Studies
 Bachelor of Mass Communication
 Bachelor Social Work and Social Administration
 Bachelor of Industrial Art and Design
 Bachelor of Development Studies
 Bachelor of Public Administration and Management
 Bachelor of Employment and Labor Studies

Department of Education
 Bachelor of Arts with Education
 Bachelor of Science with Education
 Bachelor of Adult and Community Education
 Bachelor of Education Guidance and Counseling
 Bachelor of Education with Special Needs
 Bachelor of Education - Early Childhood

Department of Business Management
 Bachelor of Business Administration
 Bachelor of Commerce
 Bachelor of Human Resources Management
 Bachelor of Procurement and Logistics Management
 Bachelor of Public Sector and Management
 Bachelor of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management

Department of Computing and Information Technology
 Bachelor of Computer Science
 Bachelor of Library and Information Science
 Bachelor of Information Technology
 Bachelor of Science in Human Nutrition and Dietetics

All the above courses are available at diploma level as well.

Closure
Lugazi University held its first and last graduation ceremony on Wednesday, 29 December 2010. 524 students graduated. Due to mounting debts and other financial hardships, the university's assets and liabilities were acquired by the Uganda Ministry of Defence, effective 30 December 2010. In January 2011, the premises were converted into the University of Military Science and Technology, (UMST), a military school of tertiary leaning, within the Uganda People's Defence Force.

See also
 List of universities in Uganda
 Education in Uganda

References

External links
  Uganda University Guide 2007/08
Lugazi University Homepage
Owners Consider Selling Lugazi University

Also have Online Store: https://lugazzi.com/

Universities and colleges in Uganda
Educational institutions established in 2007
Educational institutions disestablished in 2010
Buikwe District
2007 establishments in Uganda