Thomas Randolph Adams (May 22, 1921 – December 1, 2008) was librarian of the John Carter Brown Library and John Hay Professor of Bibliography and University Bibliographer at Brown University.

Early life, education, and family
The son of Randolph G. Adams and Helen Spiller Adams, Thomas Adams was born in Durham, North Carolina, and grew up in Ann Arbor, Michigan, where his father was librarian of the William L. Clements Library, part of the University of Michigan Library system. Adams served in the U. S. Navy during World War II, and graduated from the University of Michigan in 1944. He received an MA from the University of Pennsylvania in 1949. In 1951, he married Virginia Matzke Adams, with whom he had three daughters: Virginia Hedges Adams, Josephine Lippincott Adams, and Eliza Stokes Adams.

Career as a rare book librarian
Adams began his career in rare books in 1947 at the Library Company of Philadelphia. He served as curator of rare books in the Van Pelt-Dietrich Library at the University of Pennsylvania from 1950 to 1955. In 1955, he was appointed Custodian of the Chapin Library at Williams College, remaining there until 1957, when he was appointed Librarian of The John Carter Brown Library. He retired from that position in 1983, and stayed on as University Professor at Brown until 1991.

Adams served on the boards and advisory committees of many institutions including the Rhode Island Historical Society, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence Athenaeum and Mystic Seaport Museum.

He served on the Council of the Bibliographical Society of America, 1969–1980, and as its President, 1978-1980. He was a Guggenheim Fellow in 1963, a National Endowment for the Humanities Senior Fellow in 1971, and recipient of several National Endowment for the Humanities and Mellon Foundation publication grants. He was a member of the American Antiquarian Society, Massachusetts Historical Society, Colonial Society of Massachusetts, Club of Odd Volumes, Grolier Club, as well as the Century and Barnstable Yacht Clubs.

He was the 2008 recipient of the John Carter Brown Library Medal, in recognition of distinguished service to the Library. He died in Providence, Rhode Island on December 1, 2008.

Published works
 American Independence: The Growth of an Idea (1965)
 The American Controversy: A Bibliographical Study of the British Pamphlets about the American Disputes, 1764-1783 (1980)
 English Maritime Books Before 1801, with D. W. Waters (1995).
 Defining Americana: The Evolution of The John Carter Brown Library (2008).

References

 Obituary, Providence Journal 4 December 2008
  Obituary, University of Pennsylvania Almanac, Volume 55, No. 16 (16 December 2008)

1921 births
2008 deaths
American librarians
Brown University faculty
People from Ann Arbor, Michigan
Writers from Durham, North Carolina
Writers from Philadelphia
University of Michigan alumni
University of Pennsylvania alumni
Rare book librarians
United States Navy personnel of World War II


Xinestosu is one of 54 parishes in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

References

Parishes in Cangas del Narcea


"A Feelin' Like That" is a song written by Ira Dean, David Lee Murphy, and Kim Tribble, and recorded by American country music artist Gary Allan.  It was released in October 2006 as the only single from his first Greatest Hits compilation album. It peaked at number 12 on the U.S. country chart, and at number 71 on the Hot 100.

Critical reception
Brody Vercher of Engine 145 called "A Feelin' Like That", "a quintessential Gary Allan song about 'a guy who has done it all and seen it all' but can’t find anything that gives him the same feeling as a former love that he left behind.

Chart positions
"A Feelin' Like That" debuted at number 54 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of November 4, 2006.

Year-end charts

References

2006 singles
2006 songs
Gary Allan songs
Songs written by David Lee Murphy
MCA Nashville Records singles
Song recordings produced by Mark Wright (record producer)
Songs written by Kim Tribble
MCA Records singles


A seamen's haven is a social welfare organization for sailors, often operated by Christian churches or missionaries. Havens were most prominent in North American port cities in the 19th and 20th centuries. They were widely used during the Great Depression and declined in popularity afterward. Some provide comprehensive social services such as food and shelter, while others are mainly social organizations.

Canada
From 1944 until 2002, a haven operated as a social club and mission for sailors visiting Port Alberni, British Columbia. The sailors worked on ships that came to Port Alberni to load lumber and pulp and paper that was shipped to international markets.

Similar havens were chartered in Victoria, Vancouver, Toronto, Quebec and Sydney, Nova Scotia, under one Canadian headquarters in Toronto. A number of Canadian havens were affiliated with the Sailors' Society.

Hong Kong
A haven called the Mariner's Club was established in 1975 near the Kwai Chung container terminal in Hong Kong.

Israel
A haven operated by the Norwegian Church Abroad in Haifa had been operating for 15 years as of 1964. Among other programs, it set up tours of Jerusalem and other attractions in Israel.

United States
The Federal Transient Service, a New Deal program, operated at least one seamen's haven in the Boston area, which aroused some controversy in the community given the possibility of non-citizen sailors using federal funds for housing. The Boston Seaman's Friend Society, a seamen's haven in Boston's North End, was founded in 1834 and saw particularly heavy use as a shelter and meal center as of 1934.

The Seamen's Church Institute of New York and New Jersey, a seamen's haven in Port Newark, has also operated since 1834. In 1942, a Long Island couple, renovated their home to serve as a seamen's haven.

The Federal Transient Service also built a haven at Timm's Point in San Pedro, Los Angeles in 1934 as a homeless shelter for sailors.

In 1942, the government of Maryland converted a camp for conscientious objectors in what is now Patapsco Valley State Park into a seamen's haven.

References

Seafarers' Welfare Organizations


Richard Haynes Twining CBE (3 November 1889 – 3 January 1979) was an English cricketer who played 78 first-class matches between 1910 and 1928. Most of his games were for Middlesex and Oxford University, for whom he appeared 32 times apiece, but the rest were spread between nine other sides.

Twining was a son of Herbert Twining, a banker, of the family of the Twinings tea merchants. He was educated at Hazelwood School, where he was captain of both football and cricket XIs; Eton College, where he was captain of cricket; and Magdalen College, Oxford, where he won a blue for cricket in his first year, played football as well as cricket for the university, and was captain of the Oxford side in 1912. During World War I he was an officer in the Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment. He was very badly injured in the knee in Gallipoli and it was feared that his cricket career was over, and even though he was able resume playing he was lame.  He was noted to have a strong defence and was master of the late cut.

Twining's most important contribution to a cricket match was in the County Championship decider at Surrey at Lord's in 1921. Surrey required a victory to win the title, otherwise Middlesex would themselves become champions.
Surrey were favourites after achieving a first-innings lead of 137, but Twining hit a career-best 135, adding 229 with J. W. Hearne (106) for the second wicket to help Middlesex to their target of 322 with just four wickets down.

After retiring from playing, Twining continued to take an active role in cricketing affairs. He was President of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in 1964, and President of Middlesex between 1950 and 1957.

Twining was a stockbroker; he was deputy chairman of the London Stock Exchange 1949–58 and was appointed CBE for that service in the New Year Honours of 1959.

References

 Richard Haynes Twining, Hazelwood School War Records
 TWINING, Richard Haynes, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2015 (online edition, Oxford University Press, 2014)

1889 births
1979 deaths
Richard Haynes
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
English cricketers
Middlesex cricketers
Oxford University cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Gentlemen cricketers
Free Foresters cricketers
Presidents of the Marylebone Cricket Club
Presidents of Middlesex County Cricket Club
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Harlequins cricketers
Gentlemen of England cricketers
Queen's Royal Regiment officers
British Army personnel of World War I
English stockbrokers
Oxford and Cambridge Universities cricketers
H. D. G. Leveson Gower's XI cricketers
Demobilised Officers cricketers
C. I. Thornton's XI cricketers
20th-century English businesspeople
Wicket-keepers
Military personnel from London
Sportspeople from St Pancras, London


The DBAG Class 145 and DBAG Class 146 are Bo′Bo′ mainline electric locomotives built by Adtranz primarily for the Deutsche Bahn at the end of the 1990s. The Class 145 is the freight version for DB Cargo; the Class 146 is the passenger version for DB Regio. Additional freight machines were built for the former Swiss railway Mittelthurgaubahn as well as for various private operators and leasing companies.

The classes of locomotives are predecessors of the Bombardier TRAXX locomotives.

Background and design

The AdTranz DBAG Class 145 derives from the prototype locomotive 128 001 (also known as 12X) (see DBAG Class 128) that was built by AEG and Henschel; like competitor Krauss-Maffei’s 127 001 (See EuroSprinter), it uses asynchronous electric motors to drive the locomotive: based on experiences gained from DB Class 120.

Orders and operators

Freight versions

The prototype resulted in an order from DB AG for eighty locomotives for medium-weight freight trains. These locomotives were delivered starting in 1997. By the end of production in 2000, 80 locomotives had been produced; built for DB Cargo. Later the locomotives were inherited by the successor organisations Railion followed by DB Schenker.

A further six units were built for the Swiss private railway the Mittelthurgaubahn in 2000 where they were designated Re 486; after the company's bankruptcy in 2002 the locomotives were sold to SBB Cargo, working as Re 481. The locomotives were not homologated for operations in Switzerland - only Germany - being operated by the Swiss federal railways' German subsidiary. This continued until 2005 when they were sold to the leasing company MRCE and subsequently operated for various private operators in Germany.

17 further units were produced between 1999 and 2001 for various private operators and leasing companies; including five for CBrail, six for Locomotion Capital (now Alpha Trains), two for Rail4chem (via leasing company Deutsche Leasing) and others.

References and notes

Passenger versions
Between 2000 and 2001, a development for passenger trains with hollow shaft final drive replacing the axle hung drive and a higher top speed of  was produced for DB Regio. These locomotives were given the designation DBAG Class 146. An additional 32 were ordered in August 2012.

Notes

References

Other sources
BR146.de "Pictures, information and technology of the modern three-phase AC locomotives"  br146.de
technische Daten BR 145/146 Technical data for Classes 145/146

External links

Baureihe 145 and Baureihe 146: Images and brief details of Classes 145 and 146 lokomotive-online.de

145
Electric locomotives of Germany
15 kV AC locomotives
Bo′Bo′ locomotives
Adtranz locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1997
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Standard gauge locomotives of Switzerland


Terry Michael Barrett (born 1945) is an American art critic, and Professor Emeritus at Ohio State University. His many books, anthology chapters, and articles about contemporary art, art criticism, aesthetics, and the teaching of these, have had a significant impact on the field.

Terry Barrett's Principles for Interpreting Art

“If I follow these principles, I will be able to be confident that my interpretive efforts are in a right direction and a right spirit”

Barrett's Approach to Interpretation

Barrett uses a think aloud process. He begins by discussing what he knows about the painting. His process is guided by a series of questions, beginning with what he calls a literal reading of the painting. Barrett draws on prior knowledge and observations of the artwork to construct his interpretation. He looks beyond the artwork to further his understanding of the painting, he asks whether there are similarities between an artist's other works and does not interpret the artwork in isolation. He considers this within the context of the artist's oeuvre. Barrett turns to scholarly interpretations of an artwork for further insight. Barrett's approach may be summed up by words that are central to the title of his book – reflecting, wondering and responding. He reflects on what he sees literally and metaphorically. Based on prior experiences and knowledge he constructs an interpretation and articulates it verbally – this is his response to the artwork.

“When writing or telling about what we see and what we experience in the presence of an artwork, we build meaning; we do not merely report it”

A good interpretation is personally meaningful while also corresponding to the works visual elements and socio-cultural milieu. The interpretation has communal relevance. A good interpretation is developed through openness to the act of interpretation, a sense of wonder, keen observation, and a construction of understanding that can be shared with others.

Barrett's principles

•	Artworks are always about something
•	Subject matter + Medium + Form + Context = Meaning
•	To interpret a work of art is to understand it in language
•	Feelings are guides to interpretation
•	The critical activities of describing, analysing, interpreting, judging and theorising about works of art interrelated and interdependent
•	Artworks attract multiple interpretations and it is not the goal of interpretation to arrive at a single, grand, unified, composite interpretation
•	There is a range of interpretations that any artwork will allow
•	Meanings of artworks are not limited to what the artist intended them to mean
•	Interpretations are not so much right, but are more or less reasonable, convincing, informative, and enlightening
•	Interpretations imply a worldview
•	Good interpretations tell more about the artwork than they tell about the interpreter
•	The objects of interpretation are artworks, not artists
•	All art is in part about the world in which it emerged
•	All art is in part about other art
•	Good interpretations have coherence, correspondence, and inclusiveness
•	Interpreting art is an endeavour that is both individual and communal
•	Some interpretations are better than others
•	The admissibility of an interpretation is ultimately determined by a community of interpreters and the community is self-correcting
•	Good interpretations invite us to see for ourselves and continue on our own

According to Arthur Danto, a contemporary philosopher and art critic, names, as an essential characteristic of artworks, “aboutness”. That artworks are necessarily about something is the cornerstone of Danto's philosophy of art. Since they are about something they must be interpreted. Barrett's book, Reflecting, Wondering and Responding, summarises Danto's theory as containing five major propositions, namely, that a work of art is (1) about something, (2) projects a point of view, (3) projects this point of view by rhetorical means, and (4) requires interpretation and that (5) the work and interpretation require an art-historical context.

Feelings are guides to interpretation

Emotions play a central role in interpreting works of art and in understanding the world. About emotions in interpreting art Goodman states; “The work of art is apprehended through the feelings as well as through the senses. Emotional numbness disables here as definitely if not as completely as blindness and deafness… emotion in aesthetic experience is a means of discerning what properties a work has and experiences.” Israel Scheffler, a philosopher who writes about education and art is a proponent of Goodman's theory of art, offers elaboration on how the emotions are intimately tied to our perception of the world. Emotions help us to construct a vision of the world and to define the critical features of that world: Emotions help us to see the environment in a certain light. Emotions tell us whether it is “beneficial or harmful, promising or threatening, fulfilling or thwarting.” The role of the emotions in reading the world applies to interpreting works of art: “reading our feelings and reading the work are, in general, virtually inseparable processes.”

Meanings of artworks are not always what the artist intended them to mean
Knowing what an artist meant to mean when making a work of art can be a tremendous aid to understanding that work of art. Artists’ intents can play a significant role for interpreters who want to formulate meanings about artists’ works. It would be intellectually foolish to ignore artists’ words about their works when trying to interpret those works. Barrets book does not assert, however, that the work necessarily means what the artist wants it to mean. To believe that a work of art means what its maker meant it to mean is to adhere to what is known in criticism and aesthetics as an Intentionalist position of interpretation. There are many objections to intentionalism such as the “Intentionalist Fallacy” – it is very difficult, if not impossible to know what the artist's intentions were.  One should remember that it is artworks we attempt to interpret, not artists. One should also remember that intention indicates ambition and not necessarily achievement.

There are two types of Intentionalism: Actual Intentionalism and Hypothetical Intentionalism. Actual Intentionalism is the view that the meaning of a work of art is what its maker meant it to actually mean. Hypothetical Intentionalism is the view that the meaning of a work of art is what an ideal viewer surmises the artist's intent to have been. In Actual Intentionalism, the artist must have successfully realised his or her intent in the work for it to be interpreted accurately. Conversely, in Hypothetical Intentionalism, the viewer is an ideal viewer and successfully interprets the work.
Barret says: “the meaning of a work of art is not limited to the meaning the artist had in mind when making the work; it can mean more or less or something different than the artist intended the work to mean.”
To rely on the artists’ intent for an interpretation of an artwork is to put oneself in a passive role as a viewer. Reliance on the artists’ intent unwisely removes the responsibility of interpretation from the viewer; it also robs the viewer of the joy of interpretive thinking and the rewards of the new insights it yields into the art and the world.

The objects of interpretation are artworks, not artists

In some conversations and writings about art, it is artists who are interpreted rather than the artworks that they have made. In critical discourse it should be the art objects that are interpreted, not the persons who made them. We want to be reading works of art and not be engaged in mind-reading. If we focus on the artist rather than the work or ourselves, we are missing opportunities to better understand the work of art and our reactions to it.

All art is in part about the world in which it emerged

Donald Kuspit, contemporary art critic and aesthetician, reinforces this principle when discussing his decision to include psychoanalysis in his interpretation of works of art: “I began to feel that the artist is not exempt from life. There is no way out from seeing art as a reflection or meditation or a comment on life. I became interested in the process, including the artists life. I became interested in how art reflected life issues, or existential issues with which we are all involved.” All art can be shown and seen to emerge from the context of the time and the space in which it was made. Conversely, we cannot understand a work of art without imaginatively repositioning it in the context from which it emerged. In the words of Michael Foucault, “a text is made up of multiple writings, drawn from many cultures and entering into mutual relations of dialogue, parody, contestation.”

Selected publications
Criticizing Art: Understanding the Contemporary (1999) McGraw-Hill
Criticizing Photographs: An Introduction to Understanding Images (1999) McGraw-Hill
Interpreting Art : Reflecting, Wondering, and Responding (2002) McGraw-Hill
Why Is That Art?: Aesthetics and Criticism of Contemporary Art (2007) Oxford University Press
Making Art: Form and Meaning (2011) McGraw-Hill
Modernism and Postmodernism: An Overview with Art Examples (1997) in Hutchens and Sums, eds., Art Education: Content and Practice in a Postmodern Era
Weight of Photography (2010)

External links
Official homepage

References

Ohio State University faculty
1945 births
Living people


Waikato Diocesan School for Girls is a state-integrated single-sex girls' secondary school in Hamilton, New Zealand. It is an Anglican girls' Boarding school for students from Year 9 to Year 13. It also has day students.

History
Dio was first established as Sonning School in 1909, situated on Milton Street, Hamilton.
With only a small roll of four pupils the school began to grow, and as it did there was need for larger premises so it was moved to Anglesea Street.
Larger land was then purchased and a new school built on the eastern side of the railway bridge.
This school was named Sonning after the Berkshire Village from which the Whitehorn family originated.
It was then that the first Bishop of the Waikato, Cecil Cherrington, wanted to establish an Anglican Girls School in Hamilton and the Waikato Board for Diocesan Schools, formed in 1927, leased Sonning School from Mrs Whitehorn and then, in 1929. Property at the current site in River Road, Hamilton, New Zealand was then bought.
Waikato Diocesan School was officially opened in 1928 with a roll of 13 boarders and 70 day girls. The school opened at its permanent site in 1930, consisting of its flagship building, Cherrington, the Homestead, a barn, which was used as both hall and chapel, and open air classrooms.
Dio has continued to grow and has had 11 principals, and now has a roll of around 620 students.

Waikato Diocesan School was a private school until March 1983, when it integrated into the state education system.

Houses

Notable alumnae
Dame Ann Ballin (1932–2003), psychologist and victims' rights advocate
Kylie Bax (born 1975), model and actress
Susan O'Regan, mayor of Waipa
Hannah Osborne (born 1994), Olympic rower
Julia Ratcliffe (born 1993), track and field athlete
Dame Te Atairangikaahu (1931–2006), Māori queen
Nanaia Mahuta (born 1970), politician and 28th Minister of Foreign Affairs

References

 Waikato Diocesan School. (2009). www.waikatodiocesan.school.nz. In Waikato Diocesan School for Girls. Retrieved 20 March 2009, from http://www.waikatodiocesan.school.nz/.
 McLennan, V. (2009) Waikato Diocesan School for Girls Prospectus. Hamilton, NZ: WDSG.

Secondary schools in Hamilton, New Zealand
Anglican schools in New Zealand
Girls' schools in New Zealand
Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia


Hemant Chauhan is an Indian writer and singer associated and Padam Shri Award by Government of India 2023 with Gujarati literature and music. He was born on 7 November 1955 in Kundni village in Rajkot district of Gujarat. He specializes in Bhajan, religious and Garba songs and other folk genres.

On 9 October 2012, he received the 'Akademi Ratna Award 2011' for his contributions to Gujarat's and Padam Shri Award by Government of India in 2023. traditional folk music. He is frequently referred to as the Bhajan King of Gujarati Music, and is also considered to be one of the best singers of Sugam Sangeet. He has a huge fan base and following all over the world including India (mainly in Gujarat), United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States and East Africa. His fan base outside India is made up of people of Gujarati heritage. With an extensive catalogue of hit songs and bhajans, his “Kathiya Wadi Lok Dayra and Bhajan Sandhya” concert tour in North America in early 2007 was a huge hit. He has released many albums of devotional music. He has the mastery in Gujarati Bhajans and he himself believes that he has gained popularity and fame by singing Gujarati Bhajans, especially the Bhajans of great Gujarati saint-poet Dasi Jivan. His first album 'Dasi Jivan na Bhajano' was released in 1978 and became a huge hit across Gujarat. Since then, he has sung more than 5000 bhajans and many other devotional items.

Selected works

 Bharat no Bhimrao (Dr. B R Ambedkar)
 Bandharan kon lakhe (Dr. B R Ambedkar)
Pankhida O Pankhida
Om Namah Shivay - Shiv Dhun
Shriman Narayan Narayan - Vishnu Dhun
Hey Ram Hey Ram Dhun
Om Mangalam Omkar Mangalam Dhun
Om Mangalam Omkar Mangalam - Dwadash Jyotirling Song
Bhajman Bam Bam Bholenath
Stuti Namo Bhootnath
Om Sai Mangalam
Laher Lagi Bhajan Ni
Dham Dham Nagara Re...
Live In Leicester - Tu Rangai Jane Rang Ma
Chotile Dakla Vagya
Bhajan-Krishna-Devotional
Shiv Tandav
He Jagjanani He Jagdamba Hd Verslkion
Hemant Chauhan - Tare Rahevu Bhada Na Makan Ma...
Shrinathaji And Bhajan
Pankhida Ne Aa Pinjaru
Unchi Medi Te Mara Sant Ni Re
Raakh Na Ramakada
O Ma Meri
 Pyalo mein pidhel che bharpoor (Sant Dasi Jivan)
 Dekhanda koi aa dal mai (Sant Dasi Jivan)
 Kaleja katari, madi mune laine maari (Sant Dasi Jivan)

References

External links
 Interview of Hemant Chauhan by Devang Vibhakar on speakbindas
 Short Introduction of Hemant Chauhan on planetradiocity

Indian male singer-songwriters
Indian singer-songwriters
Living people
Indian male folk singers
Performers of Hindu music
Bhajan singers
Gujarati-language writers
Gujarati-language singers
Singers from Gujarat
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
1955 births


The Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA) (Banque Arabe pour le Développement Economique en Afrique) (المصرف العربي للتنمية الاقتصادية في أفريقيا) was established pursuant to the resolution of the 6th Arab Summit Conference at Algiers (28 November 1973). The Bank began operations in March 1975. BADEA is a financial institution owned by eighteen Arab countries members of the League of Arab States (LAS) which signed its Establishing Agreement on 18 February 1974. The Bank is an independent International Institution enjoying full international legal status and complete autonomy in administrative and financial matters. It is governed by the provisions of its Establishing Agreement and the principles of international law.

Structure and Objectives

Headquarters The Bank's Headquarters are located in Khartoum, the capital of the Republic of the Sudan.

Objectives

The Bank was created for the purpose of strengthening economic, financial and technical cooperation between the Arab and African regions and for the embodiment of Arab-African solidarity on foundations of equality and friendship. To achieve this end, the Bank was given a mandate to:
 Participate in financing economic development in African countries.
 Stimulate the contribution of Arab capital to African development.
 Help provide the technical assistance required for the development of Africa.

The Seventh Five-Year Plan (2015 – 2019)

The Board of Governors has approved in its 39th session, convened in Tunis from 8 to 9 April 2014, the 7th five-Year Plan (2015 – 2019), which will come into force by January 2015. Since 1983 BADEA has pursued its activities through five-year plans relating the available resources to the needs of African recipient countries. It adopted a strategy based on gradual increase in the financial resources earmarked for financing in accordance with expansion of its operations to meet the rising needs of Sub-Saharan African countries, in all spheres especially in terms of food, transport, health, education and human resources development.
The allocations for the Seventh Five-Year Plan (2015 -2019), stood at US$1.600 million, representing an increase of US$600 million compared to the Sixth Five-Year Plan (2010 – 2014). The first year of the plan, commitments start at US$250 million and increase annually to reach US$350 million in 2019.
Within this plan, US$1100 million will be earmarked for the public sector projects, US$450 million for the private sector projects and US$50 million for the technical assistance operations. Moreover, between US$150 and 250 million will be assigned annually throughout the five years of the plan for financing trade between Arab and African countries.

Lending Operations

BADEA interventions included various products that have been enhanced and diversified to meet the economic needs of beneficiary countries. They have been steadily promoted to fit the development mechanisms and their conducive atmosphere. These products could be categorized as follows :
1. Financing development projects: It is the most important product in term of volume. Loans to finance projects are extended in concessionary terms, that some projects are financed with a grant element exceeding 50%.
2. Financing technical assistance operations: They are extended as grants to finance feasibility studies for development projects and institutional support operations.
3. Financing Arab exports to African countries: A program launched in 1983.
4. Promote Arab investments in African countries: BADEA has adopted several methods in this regard.
5. Debt relief on Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) : 28 countries have benefited from this initiative.
6. Financing Urgent Aid : A limited activity which was extended to Sahelian countries that faced drought in 1987.

Poverty Reduction

The most fundamental goal of BADEA in its intervention in all sectors is poverty alleviation. To that end, priority is given to development projects with direct and indirect impact on poverty reduction. Since  poverty touches rural population and those living in urban zones, at the margin of cities "urban poor", BADEA lending program focuses on infrastructure projects, which help in creating suitable environment for investment, increasing production in agriculture and rural development, enhancing urban and rural infrastructure which is considered as a major factor in investment promotion. In addition to this, reactivation of elements of production, creation of employment to enable the poor segments in the community to increase their income.  BADEA has also provided financing to micro, small and medium enterprises through lines of credit.

Enhancing women role in development
BADEA recognizes that women play a key role in boasting social development and poverty reduction. Therefore, operations (Project, technical assistance) financed by BADEA focus on women involvement in these activities. The Bank under takes  programs that enhance women participation in development, and certain operations are exclusively devoted to women, in rural area and modern sectors of production.

Regional Operations
Regional transport is considered as a major pillar in the process of regional integration since it facilitates setting up binds amongst African countries and between Africa and the Arab World. Moreover, this connection has a positive impact on the African continent promotion, by contributing to the expansion of the circle of commercial exchange, facilitating easy circulation of products between African countries as well as transportation inside and outside countries. It will also contribute to the extension of markets, creating regional or continental markets for both goods and services, and therefore achieve development in Africa.
In this regard, the total allocations for financing regional operations during the period 1975-2013 amounted to US$537.7 million, directed to finance 66 regional projects, and US$7.69 million to finance 25 technical and economic feasibility studies as grants, some of which produced projects financed by BADEA.

Coordination and Co-Financing
BADEA attaches great importance to enhancing coordination with development financial institutions particularly the Arab ones, due to the financial opportunities especially for financing major projects proposed for funding by beneficiary countries. The "Arab Coordination Group" also constitutes a platform for the exchange of expertise, coordination of policies and establishment of contact with international development institutions. BADEA contributes in all meetings that regroup regional and international institutions operating in the field of development support in Africa Sub-Saharan countries.

Having reviewed the experience of cooperation throughout the past four decades of BADEA's establishment, we judge useful to bring to light future plans and visions. Taking advantage of its extensive experience, BADEA will try, within the framework of its plans and visions, to strengthen its role in economic and social development through the improvement of its products and expansion of its operations.

References

BADEA
BADEA's 40  Years Booklet
Annual Report 2017

External links
Official webpage of BADEA

Banks of Sudan
Arab League
Companies based in Khartoum


Lee Sung-Min (, born 16 May 1986) is a South Korean football player who currently plays for Korea National League side Gangneung City FC.

Club career
On November 20, 2008, Gangwon called Lee up as an extra order from 2009 K-League Draft. His first goal for Gangwon came on April 22, 2009, in a match against Daejeon Citizen during the League Cup group stage.

For the 2010 season, he dropped down to the second tier of South Korean football, joining Korea National League side Gangneung City FC. He proved himself to be a regular starter for his new side.  On 4 January 2011, it was announced that Lee would return to the K-League, joining Daegu FC.

In 2016 season, he has played for the Buriram United in the Toyota Premier Cup with Nagoya Grampus Eight just 45 minutes of play was not good enough. His contract was canceled by that he did not play in the Thai Premier League even once.

Club career statistics

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
South Korean men's footballers
Gangwon FC players
Gangneung Citizen FC players
Daegu FC players
K League 1 players
Korea National League players
Men's association football forwards


Gillón is one of 54 parish councils in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 78 (2007).

References

Parishes in Cangas del Narcea


The Harlequins Cricket Club is a wandering cricket club formed in 1852 by fellows of Merton College, Oxford. The club is made up exclusively of current and former Oxford University first-class cricketers; and, according to the rules of the club, only a maximum of twenty members can reside at the university at any one time. Once membership has been granted, it is for life.

Notably, rather than play in the normal "whites" associated with cricket, until the end of the 19th century the team's whole kit, and not just the cap, was coloured Oxford blue, maroon and buff.

In the 1920s, the club played four first-class fixtures, all between 1924 and 1928. Their final such game, against the West Indians at Eastbourne in late August 1928, was notable for the 261 not out scored by John Knott in the second innings.

The club no longer plays fixtures considered first class, but it does maintain annual fixtures against MCC, Hurlingham Cricket Club, and Cambridge's counterpart club, the Quidnuncs Cricket Club, as well as the Oxford University CC.

References

Former senior cricket clubs
Cricket clubs established in 1852
1852 establishments in England


The San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (San Francisco Bay NERR) is one of 27 reserves established as part of the United States  National Estuarine Research Reserve System. The reserve is used to promote San Francisco Bay wetlands and estuary research, education, and stewardship.

Organization
The reserve is a partnership between National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), San Francisco State University, California State Parks, Solano Land Trust, and the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission.

Reserve sites
The San Francisco Bay NERR consists of two sites in the San Francisco Bay Area:
Rush Ranch Open Space Preserve — , on the northern margin of Suisun Marsh, at the western foot of the Potrero Hills, in Solano County.
 China Camp State Park — ,  on the shore of San Pablo Bay near San Rafael in Marin County.

See also
 Estuarine

References

External links
Official San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (San Francisco Bay NERR) website
Map of San Francisco Bay NERR
NOAA National Estuarine Research Reserve System website: San Francisco Bay NERR webpage

Estuaries of California
National Estuarine Research Reserves of the United States
Nature reserves in California
Protected areas of Marin County, California
Protected areas of Solano County, California
San Francisco Bay
San Pablo Bay
Wetlands of the San Francisco Bay Area
Natural history of Marin County, California
Natural history of Solano County, California
San Francisco Bay Trail


Armour Donald Ashe (14 October 1925 – 15 June 1968) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a full back, making over 250 league appearances in both Scotland and England.

Career
Born in Paisley, Ashe began his career with Dalry Thistle, before turning professional with Aberdeen in 1949. He also played for St Mirren, Stockport County, Accrington Stanley, Gateshead and Southport, and later played non-league football with Horwich RMI.

References

External links

1925 births
1968 deaths
Footballers from Paisley, Renfrewshire
Scottish men's footballers
Dalry Thistle F.C. players
Aberdeen F.C. players
St Mirren F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Accrington Stanley F.C. (1891) players
Gateshead F.C. players
Southport F.C. players
Leigh Genesis F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Men's association football fullbacks


Günther Mund Borgs (1934 – March 27, 2011) was a competitive diver who represented Chile at two Olympic Games. At the 1948 Summer Olympics he was 26th in the 3 metre springboard. At the 1956 Summer Olympics he was 7th in the 3 metre springboard and 19th in the 10 metre platform.

His sister is diver Lilo Mund. Both of Mund's parents were also Olympic divers; Arthur Mund and Margret Borgs competed for Germany at the 1928 Summer Olympics. Günther died in a light aircraft accident on March 27, 2011 in Melipilla, Chile.

Notes

References

External links

1934 births
2011 deaths
Chilean male divers
Olympic divers for Chile
Divers at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Divers at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Chile
German emigrants to Chile
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2011
Place of birth missing


Jarceley is one of 54 parishes in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 147.

Villages
 Bárcena
 Jarceley
 La Braña de Ordial
 Ordial
 Ovilley
 Pambley
 Villar de Lantero

References

Parishes in Cangas del Narcea


Max Perry (born June 23, 1984), primarily known by his stage name Maxwell Smart is a record producer, born in New York City and raised in Brooklyn, New York. He has worked with artists including Wiz Khalifa, Trina, and Snoop Dogg.

History
Max Perry was born in New York. His father, Fredro Perry, is a drummer, songwriter, producer, and independent label owner, who has toured with his band, The Brooklyn Cowboys. His uncle, Richard Perry, is a renowned record producer who has worked with artists including Carly Simon, Ringo Starr, Ray Charles, and Barbra Streisand.

Max Perry has done cowriting with his brother and partner, Gennessee, who has worked with artists such as Mac Dre, One Block Radius, Too Short, Hell Rell, Paul Wall, AZ, and Chino XL. Perry has produced for artists from his hometown of New York such as Jim Jones (rapper), Prodigy (rapper), AZ, Sheek Louch, TruLife, Hell Rell, Max B, 40 Cal, and Paul Cain. He often traveled to California to work with his brother and musical partner Gennessee. This collaboration led to working with artists like Berner (rapper), Mistah F.A.B., San Quinn, Messy Marv, Slim The Mobster, The Outlawz, Killa Tay, BLegit & Matt Blaque.

Max Perry produced 3 tracks for the American Gangster: Mac Dre and the Romper Room Gang episode, which aired on BET in January 2009. In 2010 Max gained his first #1 Album on Billboard producing for Trina & Lyfe Jennings on Trina's album “Amazin”.

In 2011, Perry became Head Engineer at Wash House Studios in Haleiwa, HI producing, mixing and recording for Reggae artists such as Morgan Heritage, SOJA, Junior Reid, Gappy Ranks, Fiji & Jboog, whose Perry produced single “Smokin Bomb Bud” reached #1 on the iTunes Reggae Charts. Perry is currently working with J Boog, Snoop Dogg, Berner, Wiz Khalifa, Twista, Big K.R.I.T & Vital Deshawn.

Chart Awards

Hell Rell – For the Hell of It

Mistah F.A.B. – Da Baydestrian

San Quinn – The Rock: Pressure Makes Diamonds

AZ – Legendary

Sheek Louch – Life On D-Block

Messy Marv and Berner – Blow

Messy Marv and Berner – Blow 2: Blocks and Boat Docks

Trina – Amazin'

Discography
2006 Global – Yadadamean  [Global Warning]
2006 San Quinn – Planet Fillmoe – The Rock: Pressure Makes Diamonds
2007 Mistah F.A.B. – Jamonie Robinson – Da Baydestrian
2007 Cozmo – Drinks Up feat. San Quinn, Goldie [The Streets Are Mine]
2007 Berner – We Got It feat Sean Paul of The Youngbloodz & San Quinn [Dirty Sneakers... Plenty Ways To Get It]
2007 Paul Cain – Runnin The City [The Wrath Of Cain]
2007 San Quinn – Get Lit Wit Us [The Color Of Money]
2007 San Quinn – You Need It We Got It [The Color Of Money]
2007 Hell Rell – Always Wanted To Be A Gangster For the Hell of It
2007 Hell Rell & 40 Cal. – Warm It Up [Year of the Gun]
2008 Prodigy – Superstars [H.N.I.C. 2: Advance]
2009 Jody Breeze – Too Much
2009 AZ – Boy Meets Girl – Legendary
2009 Sheek Louch – In The Rain Life on D-Block
2009 Hell Rell – Young, Black & Strapped [Get in Line Or Get Lined Up]
2010 Trina – Make Way feat. Lyfe Jennings – Amazin'
2010 One Block Radius – Gravity
2010 Messy Marv & Berner – The Dealer [Blow]
2010 Messy Marv & Berner – Blow feat Joe Blow [Blow 2]
2010 Messy Marv & Berner – Blow Money feat Killa Keise & Freeze [Blow 2]
2010 Messy Marv & Berner – Warrior feat San Quinn & Ampichino [Blow 2])
2010 Messy Marv & Berner – I Get It feat Yukmouth & Lee Majors [Blow 2]
2010 Messy Marv & Berner – V4 feat Freeze & Maserati Rick [Blow 2]
2010 Outlawz – Killuminati 2K10 feat. Mainavent
2010 Outlawz – Gotta Get It feat. Yung LA
2010 Outlawz – Better Than Ever (Killuminati 2K10)
2011 Mistah F.A.B. – Hip Hop – [I Found My Backpack]
2011 Berner – Carry On feat San Quinn & Cozmo [The White Album]
2011 Q Da Kid – Look at Me Now feat Avery Storm
2011 Outlawz – Pushin On feat. Scarface & Lloyd (Perfect Timing)
2011 Matt Blaque – Alcohol Insane feat. Clyde Carson
2011 Mainey Vent – Powered Up (Hogan)
2012 J-Boog & Fiji – Smokin Bomb Bud
2013 J Boog – Diamond in the Back [My Diamond Life Mixtape]
2013 B-Legit – Best Friend feat J Boog [My Diamond Life Mixtape]
2013 Mac Dre – Mami Come feat J Boog [My Diamond Life Mixtape]
2013 Lion Fiyah – Salute The Crown feat Peetah Morgan [My Diamond Life Mixtape]
2013 J Boog – Coldest Zone Maxwell Smart Remix [My Diamond Life Mixtape]
2013 Berner – Ready 2 Die feat Big K.R.I.T. & Z-Ro [Drugstore Cowboy]
2013 Philthy Rich – Get Ya Money feat Fabolous & Smuggla [N.E.R.N.L. 2]
2014 Berner – All in a Day feat YG, Young Thug & Vital
2014 Wiz Khalifa – The Dispensary feat Chevy Woods & Berner
2014 J-Stalin – Meth [Dirty Money]
2014 B-Real & Berner – Faded feat Snoop Dogg & Vital [Prohibition]
2014 B-Real & Berner – 1 Hit feat Devin The Dude [Prohibition]
2014 B-Real & Berner – Xanax & Patron feat Demrick [Prohibition]
2014 Twista – Burnin feat Wiz Khalifa & Berner [Dark Horse]
2014 Berner – Foreign feat Sage The Gemini, Keak Da Sneak & Snow Tha Product
2014 Drew Deezy – Gets No Better feat Common Kings [Poly Tape 2]
2014 Gappy Ranks – Carpenter Maxwell Smart Remix [Carpenter (The Remixes)]
2015 Berner – 3 Mill [20 Lights]
2015 Berner – Dump feat Mac Dre [20 Lights]
2015 Berner – Pass Me The Green feat Migos [20 Lights]
2015 Berner – Breathe/Dreaming feat Ampichino [20 Lights]
2015 Berner – Still I Ride [The Jacka Tribute]
2015 Lion Fiyah – Feel Like A Kid Agin [Salute The Crown]
2015 Lion Fiyah – Salute The Crown feat Peetah Morgan [Salute The Crown]
2015 Lion Fiyah – Love Love feat J Boog [Salute The Crown]
2015 Lion Fiyah – Still Mighty [Salute The Crown]
2015 Lion Fiyah – Love of a Lifetime [Salute The Crown]
2015 B-Legit – Best Friend feat J Boog [What We Been Doin]
2015 B-Real & Berner – Kings [Prohibition Part 2]
2015 B-Real & Berner – Mob feat B-Legit [Prohibition Part 2]
2015 B-Real & Berner – Go feat Vital [Prohibition Part 2]
2015 Jay Lozoya – Dangerous feat Iamsu & Zoey Dollaz
2015 Kelissa – Keep My Head Up [Smart Riddim]
2015 Marla Brown – Better Days [Smart Riddim]
2015 Gappy Ranks – Barefoot feat Torch [Smart Riddim]
2015 King Mas – Reflection [Smart Riddim]
2015 Jah Bami – What Can You Do [Smart Riddim]
2015 Forelock & Awawak – Global Backfire [Smart Riddim]
2015 Norris Man – It Dread [Smart Riddim]
2015 Cam'Ron & Berner – Not Yours feat Sen City [Contraband]
2015 Cam'Ron & Berner – Get More feat Devin The Dude [Contraband]
2015 Cam'Ron & Berner – Ride feat Twista & Sen City [Contraband]
2015 Marteen – I Wanna
2016 B-Real & Berner – Levitate feat Quez [Prohibition Part 3]
2016 B-Real & Berner – Marijuana feat B-Legit & Demrick [Prohibition Part 3]
2016 B-Real & Berner – On & On [Prohibition Part 3]
2016 Smoke DZA & Green R Fieldz – The One
2016 J Boog – Brighter Days [Rose Petals]
2016 J Boog – No Pressure feat Snoop Dogg [Rose Petals]
2016 Berner – Seal feat Wiz Khalifa & K Camp [Hempire]
2016 Berner – Telephone [Hempire]
2016 Berner – All We Do feat Wiz Khalifa & Juicy J [Hempire]
2016 J Boog – Brighter Days [Wash House Ting]
2016 Cozmo – Seen It All B4 (Intro) [Beyond Forever]
2016 Cozmo – What Dreams Are Made Of feat Wiz Khalifa & AVRY [Beyond Forever]
2016 Cozmo – No Tomorrow feat Cyhi the Prynce [Beyond Forever]
2016 Cozmo – Exhale feat Berner [Beyond Forever]
2016 Cozmo – 4U feat Torica [Beyond Forever]
2016 Berner – Niice feat Quavo & Paul Wall [Packs]
2016 Berner – Chilled feat Wiz Khalifa [Packs]
2016 Berner – Twenty One feat Smiggz [Packs]
2017 Mistah F.A.B. – Champagne & Cookies – [4506]
2017 Berner – Last Night feat B-Real & Cozmo [Sleepwalkin]
2017 Berner – Dusse feat Vital [Sleepwalkin]
2017 Berner – Crazy [Sleepwalkin]
2017 Flipp Dinero – I Do [The Guala Way]
2017 Mula Gang – Twin Giants
2017 Tree Thomas – Kingrove EP
2017 Styles P & Berner – Turkey Bag feat B-Real [Vibes]
2017 Styles P & Berner – Blue [Vibes]
2017 Styles P & Berner – Picture feat Dave East & Skimask [Vibes]
2017 Styles P & Berner – Rotate feat B-Real & Cozmo [Vibes]
2017 Styles P & Berner – Top Floor feat Cozmo [Vibes]
2017 Styles P & Berner – Free [Vibes]
2017 Styles P & Berner – Keep Smokin feat Wiz Khalifa [Vibes]
2017 Philthy Rich – Hella Dope feat The Jacka & Erk The Jerk [Neighborhood Superstar 4]
2017 Young Dolph & Berner – Tracking Numbers feat Philthy Rich [Tracking Numbers]
2017 Young Dolph & Berner – Heron feat Wiz Khalifa [Tracking Numbers]
2017 Young Dolph & Berner – Die Young feat PeeWee Longway [Tracking Numbers]
2018 Godholly – Green Light – Black Lightning (TV series)
2018 Shawn Cook – Intro [The Silky Slim LP]
2018 Shawn Cook – In My Lane [The Silky Slim LP]
2018 Shawn Cook – Loud feat Iamsu [The Silky Slim LP]
2018 Shawn Cook – The Answer [The Silky Slim LP]
2018 Shawn Cook – Airplanes, Strains & Automobiles feat Berner & Chippass [The Silky Slim LP]
2018 Shawn Cook – The Distance feat J Boog [The Silky Slim LP]
2018 Shawn Cook – Free To Go [The Silky Slim LP]
2018 Berner – Miss Me feat Wiz Khalifa & Styles P [RICO]
2019 Adrian Marcel – Slow Burn
2019 Demrick – No Wasting Time EP [Also Executive Producer]

Television

2009 BET American Gangster (TV series) – Episode – "Mac Dre & The Romper Room Gang"
2018 The CW Black Lightning (TV series) – Episode 4 – "Rotten Tomatoes"

Other media

2005 Jim Jones A Day in the Fast Life – We Want in feat. Max B, NOE DVD

References

External links
 http://myspace.com/maxwellsmartmusic
 http://www.reverbnation.com/tharealmaxwellsmart
 https://twitter.com/maxwelsmart

Record producers from New York (state)
1984 births
Living people
Musicians from Brooklyn
Businesspeople from New York City


Estelle Mærsk is a container ship owned and run by the Mærsk Line. She was, in 2009, the largest ever built by terms of gross tonnage. Estelle Mærsk has a capacity of 11,000 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU), including around 1,000  reefer containers, though a maximum capacity of 13,500 TEU is claimed. She is identical to the seven other ships in the , the first built of which was .

The Estelle Mærsk is  long and has a gross tonnage of 151,687. Her beam (width) is . She is powered by a Wärtsilä diesel engine, assisted by a waste heat recovery system, that can produce between  of power. A coat of environmentally safe silicone paint is used on the hull below the waterline, reducing drag and thus increasing speed and saving up to 1,200 tons of fuel per year. Estelle Mærsk was built by Odense Steel Shipyard of Denmark in 2006. Mærsk claim that these technologies, and staying below  whenever possible, reduce emissions by around 25% compared to other ships.

An older ship of the same name was attacked with rocket propelled grenades by Iranians near Dubai in 1987, many years before the current Estelle was built.

References

Container ships
Merchant ships of Denmark
Ships of the Maersk Line
2006 ships
Ships built in Odense


"Do You Want Fries with That" is a song written by Casey Beathard and Kerry Kurt Phillips, and recorded by American country music artist Tim McGraw. It was released in May 2005 as the fourth single from McGraw's 2004 album Live Like You Were Dying.  The song peaked at number 5 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart.

Content
"Do You Want Fries with That" is a moderate up-tempo. The song's male narrator is an employee at a fast-food restaurant. Having just lost his wife and kids to another man, he meets the wife's new partner at the drive-through window. The narrator further explains that he has been living in near poverty since the other man practically stole his previous lifestyle, then sarcastically asks him "Do you want fries with that?"

Chart positions

Year-end charts

References

2005 singles
2004 songs
Tim McGraw songs
Songs written by Casey Beathard
Comedy songs
Song recordings produced by Byron Gallimore
Song recordings produced by Tim McGraw
Curb Records singles
Songs written by Kerry Kurt Phillips


Joseph Satterthwaite is the name of:

Joe Satterthwaite (1885–?), English footballer
Joseph C. Satterthwaite (1900–1990), American politician


Tonda may refer to:

People
 Tonda (name)

Places
 Tonda Station, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
 Tonda Wildlife Management Area, Papua New Guinea
 Tonda (parish), a civil parish in the municipality of Tondela, Portugal
 Tonda, a mountain of the Iberian System in Spain

Other uses
 Tonda (orangutan), a captive orangutan of the United States
 Tonda languages, a language group of New Guinea

See also

Tanda (disambiguation)
Tondo (disambiguation)
Tonka (disambiguation)
Tonna (disambiguation)


Niel Alexander McDonald Walker (22 August 1895 – 10 August 1960) was a British army officer and a cricketer who played in tournaments in India and for Derbyshire.

Walker was born at Poona in the Bombay Presidency in British India. At the start of the First World War he was at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant into the Sherwood Foresters on 12 May 1915.

After the war Walker saw service in India, where he also took part in cricket tournaments. In 1924 he played for the Europeans in the Lahore Tournament, and in 1926 against a Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) touring side led by Arthur Gilligan. In 1927 and 1928 he played for the Europeans in the Sind Tournament. He was in England when he played for Derbyshire in 1931 against New Zealand. He played for Derbyshire again in the 1936 in their Championship winning season against Kent.

Walker was a right-hand batsman who played 6 innings in 4 first-class matches. His top score was 18 and his average 8. He was a right-arm medium pace bowler and took 2 wickets at an average of 38.5.

Walker saw service in the Second World War and became a brigadier commanding 113 Infantry Brigade in April to June 1942.

Walker died at Sheffield, Yorkshire at the age of 65.

References

External links
Generals of World War II

1895 births
1960 deaths
Derbyshire cricketers
English cricketers
Europeans cricketers
Sherwood Foresters officers
British Army personnel of World War I
British Army brigadiers of World War II
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Military personnel of British India
British people in colonial India


Thompson Gym, built in 1925, was the indoor arena of North Carolina State University until Reynolds Coliseum opened in 1949. The facility hosted mainly basketball games, including the Southern Conference men's basketball tournament from 1933 to 1946. Reynolds Coliseum has since been replaced by PNC Arena.

The building has since been converted to a theater seating 250 people.

It was named for Frank Martin Thompson, an NCSU athlete killed in World War I.

External links
 NC State facilities information: Thompson Theater

Basketball venues in North Carolina
College basketball venues in the United States
NC State Wolfpack basketball venues
Sports venues in Raleigh, North Carolina
Sports venues completed in 1925
1925 establishments in North Carolina


Joe Satterthwaite (born 1885, date of death unknown) was an English footballer.

Born in Cockermouth, Satterthwaite started his career at Workington before moving south to join his brother Charlie at Woolwich Arsenal in December 1906. Joe was the less successful of the two brothers; he had to wait nearly fifteen months for his debut, which finally came on 21 March 1908, against Manchester United.

In total, Satterthwaite played five times for Arsenal, scoring one goal. In two of those league games, he starred with his brother Charlie, making them only one of three pairs of brothers to play together for Arsenal.

Arsenal signed Sam Raybould in the summer of 1908, and Satterthwaite was forced out of the side as a result; he left Arsenal to join Grimsby Town in November 1908.

References

English men's footballers
1885 births
People from Cockermouth
Arsenal F.C. players
Workington A.F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Year of death unknown
Men's association football forwards
Footballers from Cumbria


Oscar Mina (born 24 September 1958) is a Sanmarinese politician, who served as Captain Regent of San Marino with Paolo Rondelli from 1 April to 1 October 2022. He previously served as Captain Regent from 1 April 2009 to October 2009 together with Massimo Cenci.

Mina was elected to the Grand and General Council as a member of the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party in 2006.

Life
In 1979, Oscar Mina graduated in electrical engineering and subsequently studied political science at the University of Urbino. Since 1979, he is a civil servant in San Marino's water and gas supply. Mina is single and lives in Serravalle.

Politics
Mina joined the Christian Democratic PDCS in 1998. He was elected in 2006, 2008 and 2012 in the Grand and General Council, the parliament of San Marino. From 2006 to 2007, he was a member of the Finance Committee and the Interparliamentary Commission. Since 2007, he is a member of the Judiciary Committee. He has been a member of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly since 2008, and has headed the San Maritime Delegation since 2009. Mina is a Deputy Chairman of the PDCS since 2008. For the period from 1 April 2009 to 1 October 2009, Oscar Mina was elected in the Captains Regent, head of San Marino, along with Massimo Cenci . On the 28 April 2011, he was the successor of the resigned Christian Democratic Party in San Marino. After the 2012 election, he was confirmed in this office. In the 28th legislative term from December 2012, Mina is the chair of the Health Committee and the San Marines delegation to the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly.

References

External links

1958 births
Living people
University of Urbino alumni
Captains Regent of San Marino
Members of the Grand and General Council
Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party politicians
People from Serravalle (San Marino)
21st-century Sammarinese politicians


Massimo Cenci (born 8 June 1967) is a politician of San Marino. He was Captain Regent of San Marino for the term from 1 April 2009 to October 2009 together with Oscar Mina.

Cenci was elected to the Grand and General Council on the Freedom List (Lista della Libertà). In 2005, he was one of the founders of the New Socialist Party.

References

1967 births
Living people
Captains Regent of San Marino
Members of the Grand and General Council
New Socialist Party (San Marino) politicians


The Early Long is a collection of stories by Frank Belknap Long.  Released in 1975, more than 50 years after the start of Long's career,  it contains some of Long's best stories, together with an introduction which casts light on his early life and work. Many of the stories had appeared in Weird Tales and other pulp magazines and had helped establish Long's reputation as one of the classic writers of the horror and science fiction genres in the early twentieth century. The book was one of a series of retrospective collections of early stories with autobiographical commentary by major sf and fantasy writers that Doubleday published in the 1970s, beginning with The Early Asimov (1972) and continuing with The Early del Rey (1975), The Early Williamson (1975), The Early Pohl (1975), and The Early Long.

The book has essentially the same story contents as the Arkham House edition of The Hounds of Tindalos (book), save that it omits four stories: "Bridgehead"; "A Stitch in Time"; "Golden Child" and "The Black Druid".  It is not merely an abridged edition, however, since it includes a long autobiographical introduction by Long, and extensive story notes by the author on all 17 stories which did not appear in the Arkham House volume.

In the introduction, Long discusses his indebtedness to greats such as H. G. Wells, Poe, Hawthorne, H.P. Lovecraft, Isaac Asimov, Ray Bradbury, Theodore Sturgeon and Robert Bloch. Long also wrote a brief intro to each of the stories.

A British edition was published by Robert Hale in 1976. An American paperback edition was published by Jove Books in 1978, under the title The Hounds of Tindalos. (The same title was used for Long's 1946 Arkham House collection; all of the stories in this volume also appeared in the earlier book.)

The Early Long was nominated for a World Fantasy Award for best collection in 1976.

Contents
The Early Long contains the following:
 "Introduction"
 "A Visitor from Egypt"
 "Dark Vision"
 "Death-Waters"
 "Fisherman's Luck"
 "Grab Bags Are Dangerous"
 "It Will Come to You"
 "Second Night Out"
 "Step Into My Garden"
 "The Census Taker"
 "The Dark Beasts"
 "The Elemental"
 "The Flame Midget"
 "The Hounds of Tindalos"
 "The Ocean Leech"
 "The Peeper"
 "The Refugees"
 "The Space-Eaters"

References

 Long, Frank Belknap. The Early Long. NY: Doubleday, 1975 ; London: Robert Hale, 1975 .

American short story collections
1975 short story collections
Doubleday (publisher) books


Larna is one of 54 parish councils in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. It is located near the core area of the Muniellos Biosphere Reserve.

The population is 78 (2007).

External links
 Official website

Parishes in Cangas del Narcea


David Malo or Davida Malo (1795–1853) was a chiefly counselor, a Hawaiian intellectual, educator, politician and minister. He is remembered by subsequent generations of Hawaiian people and scholars primarily as a Native Hawaiian historian of the Kingdom of Hawaii. In 1852 he was ordained as a minister at Kēōkea, Maui.

Life
David Malo was born in Keauhou on the Island of Hawaii around 1793. He spelled his name Davida, since syllables always end in vowels in the Hawaiian language.

His father was named Aoao and mother was named Heone. He grew up during the period when Kamehameha I united the islands into a single kingdom.
Malo was associated with the chief Kuakini, who was a brother of Queen Kaahumanu, during this time of great change, probably serving as oral historian and court genealogist. Early in life, he married Aalailoa (1790?–1822), a widow much older than him, but they had no children when she died.

In 1823 Malo moved to Lahaina on the Hawaiian island of Maui and became a student of Reverend William Richards, learning how to read and write in both English and Hawaiian. Malo converted to Christianity and was given the baptismal name of David.
He married again to a woman named Pahia (1796–1845), who took the Christian name Bathsheba; she also died without children.
He was a member of the first class at the Lahainaluna School, later serving as school master.  He married a third time to Lepeka (1810–1853), who took the Christian name Rebecca, and had one daughter he named Aalailoa after his first wife, given the Christian name Emma (1846–1886); she later married John M. Kapena with whom she had a daughter Leihulu Kapena (1868–1930), the wife of Henry Carter. He was ordained into the Christian ministry and settled down in the seaside village of Kalepolepo on South/West Maui where he remained until his death on October 25, 1853.

Work
When Queen Kaahumanu died in June 1832, Malo composed a grief chant in her honor titled He Kanikau o Ka'ahumanu. He worked alongside Rev. William Richards to translate the book of Matthew, as he was Richardsʻ Hawaiian language teacher. From about 1835 he started writing notes on the Hawaiian religion and cultural history, along with members of the school and instructor Sheldon Dibble. David Malo was part of the class that conducted research into Hawaiian history and published their findings in the work Ka Mooolelo Hawaii, 1838 (a facsimile of this original has been recently reprinted).
He helped form the first Hawaiian Historical Society with Samuel Kamakau in 1841.
After that group disbanded, another society of the same name was founded in 1892.
Also in 1841 he was elected as representative from Maui to the first House of Representatives of the Kingdom.
In 1858 more stories were added to his book and a second Hawaiian edition was published. The book was translated  by Nathaniel Bright Emerson and published in English in 1898, and again in 1951 and 1987 editions. He wrote a history of Kamehameha I, but the manuscript was lost.
In 1852 he supervised building Kilolani Church on Maui.
Its ruins are now on the grounds of the Trinity by-the-Sea Episcopal Church near modern-day Kihei,
located at .
His grave is located above the Lahainaluna school on Maui.

The Lahainaluna School has named the Boys' Dormitory after him, and has an annual celebration of his contribution in mid-April.

Writings in Nūpepa ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi
All of Maloʻs writing, his intellectual production and the moʻokūʻauhau (genealogies), kanikau (laments), letters and published works were all composed ma ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, in the Hawaiian language. Maloʻs kanikau for Kaʻahumanu is regarded as one of the most beautiful and complex of any kanikau composed in the 19th century, and was published several times over the course of the 19th century in nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian language newspapers). Malo composed several kanikau for prominent women in his life, here is a list of some of Maloʻs writings that appeared in Nūpepa, including the kanikau.

 He Kanikau no Kaahumanu
 Na Harieta Nahienaena
 Ka Make o Kuakini
 Ka Make Ana o Batesepa Puhia, Ka Wahine o D. Malo
 Eia ua Mele Kanikau la

See also
Hale Nauā Society

References

Further reading

 Arista, Noelani (2020). Langlas, Charles; Lyon, Jeffrey (Eds). "Davida Malo, A Hawaiian Life." in The Moʻolelo Hawaiʻi of Davida Malo Volume 2: Hawaiian Text and Translation. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
 Lyon, Jeffrey. (2020).The Moʻolelo Hawaiʻi of Davida Malo Volume 1: Ka ʻŌlelo Kumu. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
 Chun, Malcolm (Ed).(2006) Ka Moolelo Hawaii: Hawaiian Traditions. First Peopleʻs Productions.

External links
 .

1793 births
1853 deaths
Historians of Hawaii
Native Hawaiian people
Hawaiian literature
Hawaii (island)
People from Maui
Hawaiian Kingdom Protestants
Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Representatives
Lahainaluna School alumni


South Pacific (Wild Pacific in the US) is a British nature documentary series from the BBC Natural History Unit, which began airing on BBC Two on 10 May 2009. The six-part series surveys the natural history of the islands of the South Pacific region, including many of the coral atolls and New Zealand. It was filmed entirely in high-definition. South Pacific was co-produced by the Discovery Channel and the series producer was Huw Cordey. It is narrated by Benedict Cumberbatch. Filming took place over 18 months in a variety of remote locations around the Pacific including: Anuta (Solomon Islands), Banks Islands, French Frigate Shoals, Papua New Guinea, Palmyra, Kingman Reef, Tuvalu, Palau, Caroline Islands, Tuamotus and Tanna Island in Vanuatu.

On 6 May 2009, BBC Worldwide released a short clip of big wave surfer Dylan Longbottom surfing in slow motion, high-definition footage as a preview of the series, attracting extremely positive reactions on YouTube.

The series was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on 15 June 2009. At the end of each fifty-minute episode, a ten-minute featurette takes a behind-the-scenes look at the challenges of filming the series.

The series was released by Discovery International in the USA under the title Wild Pacific, with narration provided by Mike Rowe.

The series forms part of the Natural History Unit's "Continents" strand. It was preceded by Wild China in 2008 and followed by Madagascar in 2011.

Episodes

1. "Ocean of Islands"

 UK broadcast 10 May 2009, 2.49 million viewers (9.2% audience share)

The opening episode presents an overview of the natural history of the region, introducing some of the themes that are explored in more detail in later programmes.  The South Pacific covers a vast area, and less than 1% is land, ranging from the Hawaiian Islands north of the equator to New Zealand in the south. On Macquarie Island, the most southerly outpost before Antarctica, springtime sees the arrival of huge numbers of elephant seals. Aerial footage shows the entire world population of royal penguins, which nest here in a single colony. Cold ocean currents flow all the way to the Galápagos Islands, 8000 miles away, enabling sea lions and penguins to survive on the equator. Isolation has enabled the region's wildlife to evolve in unusual ways. On Metoma, robber crabs, the world's largest terrestrial invertebrates, are filmed massing at night to feed on coconuts. On Hawaii, the most isolated archipelago of all, the caterpillars have turned carnivorous. There is an incredible diversity of human cultures and customs too, despite colonisation taking place relatively recently. The men of Pentecost Island leap from timber scaffold towers with only a vine tied to their ankles to break their falls. On small islands such as Anuta, people have fostered strong communities and sustainable hunting, farming and fishing practices to make up for the limited availability of food. The story of Easter Island, where a whole civilization brought about their own downfall through over-exploitation of their resources, is a lesson from history.

2. "Castaways"

 UK broadcast 17 May 2009, 2.58 million viewers (9.6% audience share)

The second episode looks at how plants, animals and humans colonised even the most remote islands. Most pioneers came from the west, with New Guinea acting as the launch pad. The saltwater crocodile is one species which managed to swim the 60-mile crossing to the next island group, the Solomons. The mass spawning of groupers on a Solomon Island reef releases millions of eggs, which drift on ocean currents to establish new populations. The activity allows grey reef sharks to snatch a few distracted groupers. Few animals made it to Fiji, Tonga and Samoa, 1000 miles further east. Fruit bats were the only mammals to cross the ocean divide, but smaller animals were carried here by cyclones and jet stream winds. In the absence of ground predators, invertebrates have reached monstrous proportions. Fijian crested iguanas are thought to have floated here on rafts of vegetation. Seabirds have made the crossing to French Polynesia, where their rich guano helped fertilise barbed seeds stuck to their feathers and turn barren coral atolls into fertile groves. One plant needs no such help. Coconuts can survive drifting for two months at sea and lay roots into bare sand. Before the arrival of humans, fewer than 500 species colonised Hawaii in 30 million years. Once established, they evolved into countless new varieties. The story of human colonisation is no less remarkable. The ancestors of modern Polynesians, most probably Lapitas of Southeast Asia, arrived in Fiji 3,500 years ago and Hawaii 2,000 years ago.

3. "Endless Blue"

 UK broadcast 24 May 2009, 1.42 million viewers (5.3% audience share)

The third episode begins in the tropics, where a white sperm whale calf stays close to its mother. The 19th-century story of the Essex, with its whalemen stranded in their lifeboats after a sperm whale attack is used to illustrate the difficulty of surviving in the open ocean. The currents that circle the South Pacific support huge shoals and an incredible variety of life, but much of the centre is an ocean desert. Nutrients are trapped at depth by the thermocline, making the windless surface clear but barren. Life can be tough for large predators. Some, including short-finned pilot whales, can dive to great depths to hunt squid. Others, such as rare oceanic whitetip sharks, track the whales hoping for scraps or a chance to seize a young calf. The waters around the Galápagos teem with life thanks to the cool, nutrient-rich Antarctic current. Underwater footage shows penguins, manta rays, and sea lions feeding. The sea lions work together to divide shoals into smaller bait balls, and blow bubbles into the reef to scare fish out. Seabirds are great ocean wanderers, but all must return to land to breed. On French Frigate Shoals, frigatebirds take sooty tern chicks from their nests, whilst offshore a dozen tiger sharks snatch any unfortunate black-footed albatross chicks that get their maiden flight wrong. Dusky dolphins and bull sperm whales are filmed in the waters off New Zealand, where rescue boats guide an exhausted whale beached in a shallow bay back out to sea.

4. "Ocean of Volcanoes"

 UK broadcast 31 May 2009, 2.29 million viewers (9.9% audience share)

The fourth episode opens with rare footage of Kavachi, an undersea volcano, erupting. The South Pacific islands are typically volcanic in origin, and those of Hawaii are among the youngest. Kilauea's rivers of lava flow directly into the sea, where they cool rapidly and release steam explosively. Pioneering species such as ōhia lehua colonise new land, putting roots down through the cracks into lava tubes where strange troglobites eke out their existence. In the Galápagos Islands, penguins take advantage of the cool shade of lava tubes to raise their chicks, but predatory Sally Lightfoot crabs lie in wait in the shadows. On the Solomons, megapodes bury their eggs in the warm ash of an active volcano, a natural incubator. Aerial photography of Mauna Kea, the Society Islands, Bora Bora and Rangiroa shows how erosion changes the character of volcanic islands over time. Eventually they sink back into the sea, leaving behind coral atolls and sheltered lagoons. Channels between ocean and lagoon attract feeding manta rays. The region's coral reefs are the richest in the world-–the pristine Kingman Reef, a sunken volcano, has over 200 kinds of coral alone. Underwater footage includes giant clams spawning, grey reef sharks hunting needlefish by night and a timelapse sequence of a Triton's trumpet engulfing a crown-of-thorns starfish. Reef fish are also agents of erosion-–the bumphead parrotfish chews through coral and excretes it as sand. The final scene shows huge swarms of jellyfish in the marine lakes of Palau, the jewel of Micronesia. This episode is titled "Rising Lands" on Region 1 DVD.

5. "Strange Islands"

 UK broadcast 7 June 2009, 2.15 million viewers (8.7% audience share)

The fifth episode looks at the unusual animal life of the South Pacific. Species have evolved new behaviour to take advantage of ecological niches. On New Guinea, kangaroos such as the dingiso have become arboreal, taking the place of monkeys. The lack of predators on the ground has resulted in more flightless birds than anywhere else on Earth, including the kagu from New Caledonia. The Solomon Islands are home to the monkey-tailed skink, the largest of its kind. Unlike any of its relatives, it has a prehensile tail, forms social bonds and has turned vegetarian. The differing bill shapes of Hawaii's honeycreepers are used to illustrate how one colonising species can evolve into many specialists. In New Zealand, Fiordland crested penguins raise their chicks in the forests and short-tailed bats behave more like mice, hunting wetas on the ground. The fate of some New Zealand animals illustrates the fragility of island life. The kakapo, once a successful and abundant herbivore, was defenseless against Māori hunters and introduced predators. There are now 70 million Australian possums in New Zealand's forests, where they out-compete native wildlife. Controlling introduced species is a huge problem across the South Pacific. Wild tuataras can still be found on Stephens Island, but the flightless wren was not so lucky – the last of its kind were killed by pet cats before it was declared a new species. The collapse of the Rapanui civilization on Easter Island shows that human beings are not immune to this precarious existence.

6. "Fragile Paradise"

 UK broadcast 14 June 2009, 1.99 million viewers (9.4% audience share)

The final episode focuses on the environmental problems facing the South Pacific. Climate change threatens many islands, because they are low-lying and could be engulfed by rising seas. On Tuvalu, seawater bubbles up through the ground at high tides, making evacuation a realistic possibility. Oceans absorb half of all atmospheric CO2, but this turns them acidic, preventing sea creatures from building calciferous shells. The most immediate threat is overfishing. Reef damage by boats and tourism affects fish populations, but coral gardeners in Fiji have a solution. They harvest and grow corals artificially, then transplant them back to damaged reefs. Different fishing methods are compared, from sustainable pole and line fishing practised by Solomon Islanders to long-line fishing, which has endangered albatross populations across the region. Commercial fishing vessels lay huge purse seine nets, large enough to catch 150 tonnes at a time. Cameras follow the action inside the net as a haul of yellowfin and skipjack tuna are brought to the surface. Greenpeace's flagship Esperanza patrols the high seas, unprotected pockets of ocean where fishing is unregulated. Less than 1% of the Pacific is protected, and yet up to 90% of its large predatory fish may have been lost already. A Fijian community reef is proof that protection could yet work. Tourism benefits from divers prepared to pay for close encounters with bull and tiger sharks, and fishermen benefit from increased stocks. An international conservation effort also helped save humpback whales, as numbers have recovered since the whaling ban.

Title music
The music in the title sequence is a ukulele medley of "Over the Rainbow" performed by Israel Kamakawiwo'ole. The original song was sung by Judy Garland in the movie The Wizard of Oz.

Reception

Writing in The Guardian, Sam Wollaston said that it was "about beautiful South Pacific things, filmed amazingly," but criticised the "slightly irritating script" and called the show "perhaps a little unfocused."

At the 2010 News & Documentary Emmy Awards, Wild Pacific won an Emmy in the category "Outstanding Individual Achievement in a Craft: Cinematography - Nature" (awarded to Rod Clarke, Wade Fairley and Richard Wollocombe for "Survivors.") The series was also nominated for a Royal Television Society Craft & Design Award for "Best Sound: Entertainment & Non-Drama" (Kate Hopkins, Tim Owens, Andrew Wilson).

The show came back to public attention in 2015 when a clip on The Graham Norton Show highlighted Cumberbatch's apparent inability to pronounce the word "penguin", rendering it "peng-wing" instead.

Merchandise
DVD and Blu-ray Disc were released to accompany the TV series:

 A Region 2, 2-disc DVD set (BBCDVD2940) and a Blu-ray Disc set (BBCBD0047) featuring all six full-length episodes was released on 15 June 2009.
 A Region 1, 2-disc DVD set (B002BEXDXY) and a Blu-ray Disc set (B002BEXDXO) featuring all six full-length episodes was released on 14 July 2009. This version is known as Wild Pacific.

References

External links

 TVB Website (Hong Kong)

BBC television documentaries
BBC high definition shows
2009 British television series debuts
2009 British television series endings
Nature educational television series
Discovery Channel original programming


GJ 3379 (Giclas 99-49) is the nearest star in the Orion constellation, located at a distance of 17 light years from the Sun based on parallax. It is a single star with an apparent visual magnitude of +11.31 and an absolute magnitude of +12.71, therefore, the star is not visible with the naked eye. It is positioned in the upper left part of the Orion constellation, to the SSE of Betelgeuse. This star is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +30.0 kilometers per second. In the past, this star had a relatively close encounter with the Solar System. Some  ago, it achieved a minimum distance of .

Physical characteristics
This star is a small red dwarf with a stellar classification of M3.5V – an M-type main-sequence star. It is much smaller, cooler, and less massive than the Sun, radiating only 0.6% of the Sun's luminosity. This is a very active star that varies in brightness with an amplitude of  magnitude, modulated by a rapid rotation period of 1.8 days. The magnetic field strength has been measured as . It is a source of X-ray emission with a luminosity of .

According to the SIMBAD database, the star is classified as an eruptive variable.

References

External links

M-type main-sequence stars
Orion (constellation)
J06000351+0242236
3379


Larón (Ḷḷarón in asturian) is one of 54 parish councils in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Villages
 Ḷḷarón
 La Vilieḷḷa

References

Parishes in Cangas del Narcea


"My Old Friend" is a song written by Craig Wiseman and Steve McEwan, and recorded by American country music artist Tim McGraw.  It was released in September 2005 as the fifth and final single from his album Live Like You Were Dying.  It peaked at number 6 on the country music charts.

Critical reception
Kevin John Coyne, reviewing the song for Country Universe, gave it a positive rating. He summed up the review by saying that it is "one of the best singles of his career".

Chart positions
The song debuted at number 55 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week ending October 8, 2005.

Year-end charts

References

2005 singles
2005 songs
Tim McGraw songs
Songs written by Craig Wiseman
Songs written by Steve McEwan
Song recordings produced by Byron Gallimore
Song recordings produced by Tim McGraw
Curb Records singles


Sung-Mo “Steve” Kang is an American electrical engineering scientist, professor, writer, inventor, entrepreneur and 15th president of KAIST. Kang was appointed as the second chancellor of the University of California, Merced in 2007. He was the first department head of foreign origin at the electrical and computer engineering department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Kang teaches and has written extensively in the field of computer-aided design for electronic circuits and systems; he is recognized and respected worldwide for his outstanding research contributions. Kang has led the development of the world’s first 32-bit microprocessor chips as a technical supervisor at AT&T Bell Laboratories and designed satellite-based private communication networks as a member of technical staff. Kang holds 15 U.S. patents and has won numerous awards for his  ground breaking achievements in the field of electrical engineering.

He was president of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, founding editor-in-chief of the IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, and an IEEE distinguished lecturer. He was also president of the Silicon Valley Engineering Council and continues to serve on advisory committees for projects in the U.S. and internationally. Also as an entrepreneur, he co-founded a fabless mobile memory chip design company named ZTI, originally in Sunnyvale, now in San Jose.

Biography

Background and education
Sung-Mo “Steve” Kang was born and raised in Seoul, Korea. Kang is the first in his family to attend college. Kang’s grandfather, who have fought for Korean independence and experienced Japanese occupation, helped him to immigrate to the U.S. and study electrical engineering to become a college professor. As a distinguished scholar and a leader in engineering education, Kang has gone beyond this dream.

Kang received his B.S. from Fairleigh Dickinson University in 1970, his M.S. from State University of New York at Buffalo in 1972 and his Ph.D. from University of California at Berkeley in 1975. All his academic degrees are in electrical engineering.

Career
After his graduation, he has taught at various universities in the U.S., Germany and Switzerland, and worked as a technician and supervisor at AT&T Bell Laboratories in New Jersey. He was a visiting professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, the University of Karlsruhe and the Technical University of Munich, and a chaired visiting professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). He has also taught at Rutgers University.

Kang joined the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an associate professor electrical and computer engineering in 1985, and was promoted to professor in 1990. From 1995 to 2000, Kang served as the head of the electrical and computer engineering department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; he was the first department head of foreign origin in 110 years. He was honored as the first Charles Marshall Senior University Scholar and directed several research organizations.

From 2001 to 2007, Kang served as dean of the Baskin School of Engineering at UC Santa Cruz. During this time, Kang brought the Baskin School from infancy to its current standing as a well-regarded graduate school of engineering. Since taking the position in 2001, he doubled the size of the faculty, recruiting the highest caliber professors and researchers to the growing school. Federal research funding increased four-fold during Kang’s tenure, from $5 million to $20 million, and the school’s scholarship fund has grown by tenfold. In his six years as dean of engineering, he took a nascent program to significantly higher levels of achievement during its second phase of development.

In 2007, Kang became the second chancellor of the University of California, Merced; he also teaches at the school of engineering as a professor.

Kang was the president of KAIST from 2013 to 2017.

Other activities and leadership
While at UC Santa Cruz, Kang chaired the UC Santa Cruz Chancellor’s Education Partnership Advisory Committee. He also served on advisory committees for the National Youth Leadership Forum and the Silicon Valley Engineering, Manufacturing and Technology Alliance.

Kang has forged important partnerships with the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), the California Institute for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society (CITRIS), and NASA's University Affiliated Research Center.

He attracted a $2 million National Science Foundation program for Developing Effective Engineering Pathways (DEEP) for community college students in the Silicon Valley region. He has also served on the advisory boards for UC’s COSMOS and MESA programs.

Kang initiated and established several international programs at UC, including executive programs for managers from Korea and exchange programs with the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne (EPFL), Hokkaido Information University, KAIST, Yonsei University, Konkuk University, Seoul National University, POSTECH, and the Catholic University of Daegu.

Membership
He serves on the UC Merced Foundation as president, the Great Valley Center as chairman of the board, and the Central Valley Higher Education Consortium as an executive board member. Kang is a Foreign Member of the National Academy of Engineering of Korea, a fellow of IEEE, ACM, AAAS, and is listed in Who's Who in America, Who's Who in Technology, Who's Who in Engineering and Who's Who in Midwest.

Awards
 1979 Myril B. Reed Best Paper Award
 1984 AT&T Exceptional contribution Award
 1987 IEEE ICCD Best Paper Award
 1993 IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Darlington Best Journal Paper Award
 1994 IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Meritorious Service Award
 1996 IEEE Leon K. Kirchmayer Technical Field Award for Graduate Teaching
 1997 Alexander von Humboldt Award for Senior US Scientists
 1997 IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Technical Achievement Award
 1998 KBS Award- Industrial Technology
 1999 SRC Technical Excellence Award
 2000 IEEE Third Millennium Medal
 2001 Outstanding Alumnus Award in Electrical Engineering, UC Berkeley
 2003 Chancellor's Stellar Service Award
 2005 IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Mac Van Valkenburg Award
 2007 Gandhi, King, Ikeda Community Builder Award from Morehouse College
 2007 Chang-Lin Tien Education Leadership Award
 2008 Distinguished Yonsei Alumnus Award
 2008 ISQED Quality Award (Please see the International Society for Quality Electronic Design)
 2008 The Korean-American Leadership Award
 2009 The Silicon Valley Engineering Hall of Fame
 2010 Deok Myeong Engineering Award Korea Academy of Science and Technology
 2013 Fairleigh Dickinson University
Pinnacle Award
 2014 IEEE Circuits and Systems Society John Choma Jr. Education Award
 2016 Jang Young-sil Award for Science and Technology
 2017 The University at Buffalo Distinguished Alumni Award
 2019 IEEE AICAS Best Paper Award
 2020 IEEE MOCAST Best Paper Award
 2023 IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Darlington Best Journal Paper Award

Publications
Kang has written or co-authored nine books and more than 500 technical papers in the field of electrical engineering.

Books
 Design Automation for Timing-Driven Layout Synthesis, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993
 Hot-Carrier Reliability of MOS VLSI Circuits, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993
 Physical Design for Multichip Modules, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994
 Modeling of Electrical Overstress in Integrated Circuits, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994
 CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill, 1995
 Computer-Aided Design of Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits and Systems, Prentice-Hall, 1996
 CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill, Second Ed., 1999
 Electrothermal Analysis of VLSI Systems, Kluwer Academics, June 2000
 CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill, Third Ed., 2002
 CMOS Digital Integrated Curcuits:
Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill,
Fourth Ed.,2015

References

External links
UC Merced Chancellor website

American electrical engineers
Fairleigh Dickinson University alumni
Chancellors of campuses of the University of California
University of California, Merced faculty
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Rutgers University faculty
American academics of Korean descent
Living people
Engineers from California
Year of birth missing (living people)
Presidents of KAIST


Chau Sen Cocsal (, ; 1 September 1905 – 22 January 2009), also known as Chhum (Khmer: ឈុំ, ), was a Cambodian civil servant and politician who served as Prime Minister of Cambodia in 1962 and President of the National Assembly twice, in 1962–1963 and 1966–1968. He lived for , making him the longest-lived state leader in the world with the known date of birth and death until 12 August 2023 (when he was surpassed by Josip Manolić). Chhum was awarded the honorary title "Samdech" in 1993 by King Norodom Sihanouk.

Early life
Chhum was born into an ethnic Khmer (Khmer Krom) family in the commune of Tri Tôn, Châu Đốc Province (today renamed as An Giang Province), French Indochina (present-day Vietnam), on 1 September 1905. Chhum attended primary school at Phnom Penh before moving to Saigon where he attended the Lycée Chasseloup Laubac. At the age of 21, Chhum became the first Cambodian to graduate there, with a baccalaureate in French and Philosophy. Upon graduation, he began a career in the French Colonial Administration in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with the position of Second Class Civil Servant (Cadre Supérieur de Deuxième Classe / Anuk Montrei).

Career
In 1928, Chau Sen Cocsal was promoted Deputy Governor of Takéo Province (Gouverneur Adjoint), then successively posted in Tralach District, Takéo Province, in 1931 and Thbaung Khmaum, Kompong Cham Province, in 1935. In 1938, Chhum became Governor of Svay Rieng Province. From 1940 to 1944, he was Governor of Kompong Chhnang Province. During World War II, Chhum refused to supply forced labour to the Japanese occupying forces in Cambodia and joined resistance in the jungle.

With the return of the French Administration, Chhum was nominated Mayor of Phnom Penh in 1945, Governor of Kompong Cham Province in 1946, then Governor of Kandal Province in 1948. In 1951, Chhum was sent to Thailand, as Cambodia's first ambassador to a foreign country.  Chhum returned to Cambodia in 1952 and once more took to the jungle to fight for the country's independence from France.

In 1955, Chau Sen Cocsal was elected to the Cambodian National Assembly as deputy of Kompong Cham Province. From 1958 to 1963, he occupied the position of President of the National Assembly. In 1969, at the age of 64, Chhum retired from public office.

In April 1975, after the fall of Phnom Penh to the Khmer Rouge and Saigon to North Vietnamese troops and the Viet Cong, as Chau Sen Cocsal was visiting relatives in Kampuchea Krom, he was arrested by Vietnamese authorities. Charged with spying for the US Central Intelligence Agency, Chhum was incarcerated for 17 months in what he would later describe as a "chicken box" then in a room where he took turns sleeping with 40 other prisoners. Chau Sen Cocsal spent an additional two years under house arrest in Saigon. Under the pressure of France, Vietnam released Chhum, who was allowed to migrate to France with his wife.

In 1991, following the signature of the Paris Peace Agreements, King Norodom Sihanouk nominated Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum as President of Cambodia's Supreme National Council (SNC). From 1992 onwards, he became High Privy Advisor of King Norodom Sihanouk. In 1993, Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum was awarded the highest rank in Cambodia's civil service, "Samdech". The same year, he became Dean of the Constitutional Council. Le Monde correspondent, Jean-Claude Pomonti, in a personal interview, quoted Chau Sen Cocsal as having "little affinity with the current Cambodian regime",  assessing that its leadership "had almost sold Cambodia to the Vietnamese". Chhum retired a second time from public office in 2007. His decorations include Grand Croix de l'Ordre Royal (Cambodia) and Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur (France).

Death
On 22 January 2009, at the age of 103, Cambodia's last remaining civil servant from the French Administration, and the Sangkum Reastr Niyum, died peacefully, surrounded by his family. Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum was publicly cremated with full military guard and honour.  He was saluted by official communiqués by King Father Norodom Sihanouk, King Norodom Sihamoni, France's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Khmer Krom community.  In an obituary published in the Phnom Penh Post, his family wrote that Chhum should be remembered as "a man considerate of the rights of others, small or tall", who "always had kind words for the anonymous faces tirelessly serving the high and mighty. For Samdech Chhum thought of himself as a mere servant."  A few years before his death, Chhum had already asked his grandson to convey his apologies to the population of Phnom Penh for the traffic congestion that his long funeral cortege would cause. "To have served dutifully and unfailingly was his greatest pride." From 10 June 2004, when former Greek Prime Minister Xenophon Zolotas died, until his own death, Chhum was the world's oldest living former head of government.

Personal life
On 2 April 1940, Chau Sen Cocsal married Vann Thi Hai and they had seven children.

Notes

References
 De Lopez, T.T. (2009). "A final goodbye to Cambodia's last great civil servant", Phnom Penh Post, 28 January
 Norodom Sihanouk (2009). "Lettre de LLMM le Roi-Père et la Reine-Mère du Cambodge à Lok Chumtiev Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum", 22 January
 Norodom Sihamoni (2009). "Lettre de SM Norodom Sihamoni du Cambodge à Lok Chumtiev Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum", 22 January.

 Pomonti, J.C (2009). "Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum Mémoire d'un siècle". Cambodge Soir, 68, 29 January - 4 February
 Royal Palace (2009). "Biographie de Samdech Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum", Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

1905 births
2009 deaths
20th-century Cambodian politicians
Cambodian centenarians
Men centenarians
Khmer Krom people
People from An Giang Province
Sangkum politicians
Presidents of the National Assembly (Cambodia)
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Cambodia
Prime Ministers of Cambodia
Mayors of places in Cambodia
Cambodian Buddhists
Ambassadors of Cambodia to France
Commanders of the Legion of Honour


Sally Lee Mayes is an American actress and cabaret and concert singer.

Biography
Born in Livingston, Texas, Mayes began her career as a rock and jazz singer in Houston. She attended the University of Houston. She made her Broadway debut in April 1989 as Winona Shook in Cy Coleman's Welcome to the Club.

For her performance she won a Theatre World Award. This was followed by her appearance in the original Off-Broadway production of Richard Maltby, Jr. and David Shire's Closer Than Ever at the Cherry Lane Theatre. A critical success, the show ran for 312 performances and a CD recording was made on the RCA Victor label.

Mayes next appeared as Ilona Ritter in a revival of Jerry Bock's She Loves Me at the Roundabout Theatre in 1993. The production moved to the Brooks Atkinson Theatre on Broadway the following year, and Mayes garnered Tony and Drama Desk Award  nominations for her performance. After She Loves Me closed in June, Mayes appeared as Brunnhilde in Jim Luigs's Das Barbecu at the Minetta Lane Theatre the following Fall. In 1995 she appeared as Mrs. MacAfee in the television movie version of Bye Bye Birdie with Jason Alexander, Vanessa L. Williams, Marc Kudisch, and Chynna Phillips. The following year she played a small role in Harold Becker's film City Hall.

In 1997 she appeared at the Queens Theatre in the Park in a production of Stephen Sondheim's Marry Me A Little.

In 2000 Mayes appeared Off-Broadway as Keely in James Hindman's critically acclaimed musical Pete 'n' Keely. For her performance she was nominated for a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical. That same year she appeared in a small role in the film Double Parked. In 2001 she returned to the Queens Theatre in the Park to appear in the play Decade and she appeared in the musical review The Broadway Musicals of 1943 at Town Hall.

She toured the United States in a production of Claudia Shear's and James Lapine's Dirty Blonde and appeared on Sex and the City in the episode Coulda, Woulda, Shoulda. In 2002 she guest starred on Law & Order: Criminal Intent as Brenda in the episode Crazy. In 2003 she returned to Broadway as Aunt Corene in the musical Urban Cowboy, earning a third Drama Desk Award nomination. In 2005 she appeared in the ensemble of the film The Producers.

When Mayes isn't working as an actress, she maintains a busy schedule as a concert and cabaret singer in New York City. Stephen Holden of The New York Times wrote in a 2001 review, "There is hardly a cabaret performer in New York who couldn't learn something from Sally Mayes. The plucky platinum-haired singer and actress embodies a hard-shelled professionalism that is too often missing from the nightclub stage. Alternately sparkly and brassy, and exuding a determined can-do energy, Ms. Mayes often suggests a contemporary cabaret descendant of Ginger Rogers."

References

External links

Sally Mayes at the Internet Off Broadway Database

People from Livingston, Texas
University of Houston alumni
American film actresses
American musical theatre actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Living people
Theatre World Award winners
American cabaret performers
1959 births
21st-century American women