Sri Rossa Roslaina Handiyani, known simply as Rossa in Indonesia and Dato' Sri Rossa in Malaysia, is an Indonesian singer, businesswoman, actress, producer and presenter. Born in Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia on 9 October 1978. SM Entertainment, Anugerah Planet Muzik, Asia Pop 40 & Indonesia Media mentions that Rossa is the "Queen of Indonesian Pop." She is one of the most popular artists in Indonesian and Malay-speaking countries, and the most expensive Indonesian singer in Malaysia & Singapore. She's the best-selling Indonesian artists of all-time based on album sales, selling over eleven million copies in the region until 2021. As an Indonesian diva, Rossa has produced numerous hit songs and gained Multi-Platinum Award & Million Award for her albums. Since 1999, her albums have been released in Southeast Asia and also Japan.

Even until Rossa's songs were famous, she was once paid 150 million rupiah to sing one of her songs entitled "Sakura" and 210 million rupiah to sing one of her songs entitled "Ayat-Ayat Cinta". Meanwhile, the prominent presenter of Metro TV, Alvin Adam, mentioned in his biography "The Story Book Just Alvin Part.2" that Rossa is the "Queen of Concert in Indonesia" because there are too many requests to sing at concerts. Singer and judge for the talent show Judika also shares the same view as Alvin Adam that Rossa is the "Queen of Concerts Indonesia".

Her second compilation album, The Best of Rossa (2011) is included in the 10th list of best-selling albums of all time in Indonesia in 5th position with album sales more than 2 million copies. Her solo album Love, Life & Music also broke the Indonesian Record World Museum (MURI) and Indonesia Recording Industry Association (ASIRI) as the highest-selling Indonesian album of all time with over 100,000 copies CD sold in a day. Her songs have been used for over 160 soundtrack titles, both for films and soap operas until 2022. Rossa has won many awards with a total of more than 120 awards untiil 2022; she is one of the most awarded Indonesian artist in history.

At the beginning of 2017, Rossa launched her latest album "A New Chapter" which incorporates collaborations with international musicians such as Mitch Allan, Tushar Apte, Fiona Bevan, and others. It was awarded 4× Platinum Awards on 5 October 2017. She also received the "Planet Muzik Special Award (Category : Legend Award)" from Anugerah Planet Muzik (Regional Grammy Awards) in Singapore on 28 October 2018. The first Indonesian singer to receive a special award for this category.

In February 2019, Rossa became the first Indonesian artist and first Southeast Asian solo artist to join SM Entertainment, an International label and management group from South Korea that handles famous artists such as Kangta, BoA, TVXQ!, Super Junior, Girls' Generation, Shinee, f(x), EXO, Red Velvet, NCT, aespa and many others.

Rossa released the album Trilogy Part 1 entitled "Another Journey: The Beginning" which was inspired by various Pop Icons from various generations in February 2023. This album, which was produced by Rossa, immediately received Double Platinum (150,000 copies) in just 22 days after its launch and became the fastest and highest selling album in 2023. Meanwhile on iTunes this album occupied the No.1 position just a few minutes after its release , as well as becoming the No.1 best-selling pop album for Indonesian female singers. 3 months after its release, this album received 4 times Platinum because it sold more than 300,000 copies.

Career

1988–2006: Gadis Ingusan – Yang Terpilih
Rossa debuted as a singer when she was ten years old with her first album, Gadis Ingusan, in 1988. In 1990, she released her second album titled Untuk Sahabatku under the supervision of Dian Records/Pro-Sound. Following this album, Rossa took time to complete her studies before continuing her journey with music. However, her career as a child singer was not yet successful.

Rossa's career breakthrough came when she released her third studio album Nada-Nada Cinta in 1996 produced by Younky Soewarno. This album sold more than 750,000 copies, and the single "Nada-Nada Cinta" ranked second on MTV Ampuh Indonesia for 18 weeks under Indonesia's all-time MTV Chart List section. This song was also ranked 1st in the category of "Song of the Year MTV Ampuh Indonesia". In addition to being a singer, she was also an actress, starring in the soap opera entitled Dua Sisi Mata Uang.

In 1999, Rossa released her fourth album Tegar. It received Four Platinum Awards, and she won Favourite Female Artist at MTV Indonesia Award in 2000, The Potential Star Award by Bintang Magazine and The Magical Star by Cek & Ricek. The main single Tegar was also used as original soundtrack for Indonesian soap opera Suami, Istri & Dia. In 2000, the album Tegar was also released in Malaysia under BMG Music.
At the end of July 2000, Rossa released her new album entitled Hati Yang Terpilih exclusively for the soap opera of the same name. Outside Indonesia, Rossa actively performed in events such as the Asian Music Festival and My Love in Hanoi, Vietnam on 26 October 2000. She also received the honour of "Best Progressive – Pop Solo Female Artist" at the Anugerah Musik Indonesia (AMI Awards) award in 2001 for her album's achievement of being sold more than 450,000 copies. Her second single Biarkan Cinta itu Ada from the album Tegar was also used as the soundtrack of the soap opera Tersayang in Brunei in 2001.

Although busy singing and studying, Rossa finally managed to finish her studies at the Faculty of Social and Political Science, University of Indonesia (UI) in February 2002. In May 2002, Rossa released a single entitled KINI. This single is part of Rossa's new album entitled "Kini," created by nine reliable Indonesian musicians such as Yovie Widianto, Iszur Muchtar, Melly Goeslaw, and others released on 30 April 2002. She received the honour of "Best Female Solo Artist" at the Indonesian Music Awards (6th AMI Awards, 2002) for her album's achievement of selling more than 500,000 copies. She also starred in the soap opera entitled Perisai Kasih with her song Kepastian as its original soundtrack. The album Kini was relaunched by Rossa with the addition of a new song titled Malam Pertama composed by Melly Goeslaw exclusively for the soap opera of the same name. This album went double platinum in 2004. Her single "Malam Pertama" was also ranked 3rd on MTV Ampuh Indonesia for eight weeks under Indonesia's all-time MTV Chart List section.

In December 2004, Rossa released a new album entitled Kembali. A year later, Rossa was chosen as an MTV Malaysia Exclusive Artist (January 2005) and MTV Ampuh Artist of The Month (February 2005). The album Kembali was released in Malaysia on 12 May 2005 under the guidance of Suria Records with her mini concert being held at Planet Hollywood, Malaysia on 23 May 2005 for promotion. She was also awarded "The Best Female Singer" by the Anugerah Musik Indonesia (AMI Awards, 9th, 2005).

In the same year (2005), Rossa contributed in the making of the compilation album entitled From Us to U to salute the legendary singer and artist, Titiek Puspa. On the album, Rossa was trusted to sing a legendary song Cinta that belongs to Titiek Puspa. Rossa also sang Marilah Kemari with various artists who were also involved in the making of this album.

Rossa was also nominated for an award by MTV Asia Awards on 28 February 2006 in Bangkok as one of the representatives of Indonesia.
 On 26 December 2006, she launched her latest album entitled Yang Terpilih with three hits songs; Terlalu Cinta, Atas Nama Cinta, and Tak Termiliki. Atas Nama Cinta was chosen as the soundtrack of the soap opera Cinta Fitri by MD Entertainment. In Malaysia, the album Yang Terpilih was released on 16 May 2007. She also won an award from Anugerah Industri Muzik (AIM 15th, 2008) as "Best Malay Song Performed by a Foreign Artist".

2007–2012: Ayat-Ayat Cinta – X-Factor Indonesia
In December 2007, Rossa again showed her talents as an Indonesian Music Diva with the release of a new single entitled Ayat-Ayat Cinta which was exclusively made for the film of the same name, which aired on 28 February 2008. This single has won many awards such as "The Best Female Singer" category by the Anugerah Musik Indonesia (AMI Awards 11th, 2008), The Most Popular Singer (SCTV Awards, 2008), The Best Favorite Singer (SWA Magazine), and Best Malay Song Performed by a Foreign Artist – Anugerah Industri Muzik (AIM 16th, 2009).
Rossa also performed Takdir Cinta and Tercipta Untukku ft. Ungu in Malaysia. The single Ayat-Ayat Cinta broke the record by being the most downloaded song with around 700,000 downloads. Rossa also had the chance to perform at the Asian Night Olympic Games in Beijing, China (2008) as the representative of Indonesia.

Rossa's single concert on 26 November 2008, with the assistance of Jay Subiyakto and Erwin Gutawa, was finally realised with the title Persembahan Cinta at the Jakarta Convention Centre (JCC) accompanied by Ungu and Melly Goeslaw as her special guests. The tickets sold out three weeks before the concert with attendees numbering around 6,000. Success in Jakarta, Rossa also held concert "Persembahan Cinta" in Surabaya & Bandung in 2009.

Rossa released a self-titled album "Rossa" on 14 January 2009. The single of this album was entitled Terlanjur Cinta, a duet with Pasha (Ungu's lead singer), Hati Yang Kau Sakiti, Tega and many more. To promote this album, Rossa also held a concert tour "Cerita Cinta" in 7 major cities in Indonesia plus 1 concert in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The same year, Rossa was awarded "The Best Inspiring Woman (Kartini Awards, 2009)" and "The Best Video Clip Inbox Awards 2009". Rossa was also awarded in Malaysia as "The Best Malay Song Performed by a Foreign Artist – Anugerah Industri Muzik (AIM 16th, 2009)".

On 23 May 2010, Rossa held a mega concert entitled Melodi Cinta in Stadium Putra Bukit Jalil (Axiata Arena), Malaysia with more than 12,000 attendees. This concert also introduced special guests; Ungu, ST12, Aizat, Permata Seni Choir, Permata Seni Muzik Tunas, Yovie Widianto heading the Orchestra, and Jay Subiyakto as the Art Director. The concert was supported by Datin Paduka Seri Rosmah Mansor (the Malaysian Prime Minister's Wife), politician Agum Gumelar and his wife Linda Gumelar. So far, Rossa is the only Indonesian artist capable of holding such a large solo concert in Malaysia and sold out. Even reportedly, Rossa was paid 10 billion for this concert.

Following the success of the mega concert, Rossa released a new album entitled Harmoni Jalinan Nada & Cerita with three popular songs; Memeluk Bulan, Jagad Khayalku, and Ku Menunggu. She was awarded by Halo Selebriti as the Most Favorite Female Artist, The Best Female Singer Album-SCTV Music Awards 2010 (for the Rossa album), The Best Malay Song Performed by a Foreign Artist-Anugerah Industri Muzik (AIM 18th, 2011) for single Ku Menunggu, and The Best Female Singer-Anugerah Planet Muzik (APM 10th, 2011) for the album Harmoni Jalinan Nada & Cerita.

On 11 October 2011, Rossa held her own concert outside of Indonesia, in Esplanade, Singapore. The concert was entitled Harmoni Cinta. She launched a new single at the concert, Aku Bersahaja which was sung together with Taufik Batisah. This concert was attended by 1,800 fans. At the end of 2011, Rossa released an album entitled The Best of Rossa in Indonesia, with three popular songs; Jangan Ada Dusta Diantara Kita ft. Broery Marantika, Tak Sanggup Lagi, and One Night Lover ft. Joe Flizzow. Two more songs were added to the album for the international market, Ku Pinang Kau Dengan Bismillah, and Aku Bersahaja. In Indonesia, the album sold more than 2 million copies and included in the 10th list of best selling albums of all time in Indonesia in 5th position. Along with this album, Rossa won awards for the region and national acknowledgement. In addition, the duet with Joe Flizzow One Night Lover delivered Rossa as a singer in New York Fashion Week (2012), and her name was listed in Global Grind, a well-known entertainment website in the US.

Apart from her activity as a singer, Rossa also expanded her activities into the family karaoke business, and established Diva Family Karaoke. Currently, it is one of the biggest family karaoke establishments in Indonesia. She was also appointed by Fremantle Media as one of the judges for X-Factor Indonesia (Season 1) and with her coaching, her contestant won.

2013–2016: Salahkah – Jangan Hilangkan Dia
Rossa was endowed with a title of nobility from Keraton Surakarta as "Kanjeng Mas Ayu Tumenggung Sri Rossa Swarakaloka", as well as the title of nobility from the Pahang Kingdom, Malaysia, as "Dato'". Rossa is the only singer from Indonesia to be given this prestigious title.
At the end of 2013, Rossa released the single Salahkah along with Malaysian singer, Hafiz Suip, which was exclusively made for the Malaysian soap opera Bukan Kerana Aku Cinta. This song received five nominations in World Music Award under the following categories: World's Best Female Artist, World's Best World's Live Act, World's Best Song, World's Best Entertainer of the Year, and World's Best Video. This song was also included in her latest album entitled Love, Life & Music.

At the launching of that album in May 2014. Rossa broke the Indonesian Record World Museum (MURI) and the Indonesia Recording Industry Associationas (ASIRI) with the Special Edition of her album Love, Life & Music selling more than 100,000 copies in a day, and the Standart Edition of this album Love, Life & Music get the Triple Platinum Award. Rossa plotted Hijrah Cinta for the Indonesian market and it was used as the soundtrack of the Indonesian film of the same name. For the international market, Rossa plotted Salahkah ft. Hafiz as the hit single. Rossa then received a knighthood from the Surakarta palace to become "Kanjeng Mas Ayu Sri Rossa Swarakaloka". Afterwards, Fremantle Media appointed Rossa as one of judges of the X-Factor Indonesia Season 2 and again she won with her contestant. This album was awarded the Multi-Platinum Awards on 30 January 2015 and Million Awards in June 2015.

The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of Republik Indonesia appointed Rossa to sing the jingles Pesona Indonesia and Wonderful Indonesia as Indonesia's tourism branding to go international. This campaign was promoted in the international media such as; Astro TV, National Geographic Australia, FX-Australia, Channel News Asia, FOX Channels, CCTV China, CNBC International, Channel 5, Channel 8, Channel U, MBN, MBC, TV3, TBS, TV Asahi Channel 1, Channel 7, Channel 9, Aljazeera, Diva (Asia TV channel), Discovery Channel, Travel Living Channel/AFC, CNN International, BBC World, Sport Channels, Time Square New York and many more.

Rossa held a concert in 2015 at Istana Budaya (Malaysia) entitled Malam Keajaiban Cinta Dato Rossa that gained an audience of 2,500 per night. Rossa created magic, the first Indonesian artist to hold two days of concerts at the Istana Budaya (Malaysia), which also broke the record as the most expensive tickets sold for a concert (the price itself being RM 1,500). In addition, Rossa also held a concert in Persada Johor International Convention Centre entitled Pesona Cinta Dato Rossa with 1,800 attendees.

In early January 2016, Rossa held a concert again at Istana Budaya (Malaysia) entitled Raja & Rakyat Berpisah Tiada along with seven Malaysian singers to commemorate Sultan Pahang's birthday. It broke the record of the most expensive ticket prices at RM 5,000. Rossa recorded a new single Jangan Hilangkan Dia from Ryan D'Masiv, arranged by an International musician, Tushar Apte. The song was first released in four countries and was ranked number one on "iTunes Soundtrack" for six months. Rossa also performed at the event "21 Asian Television Awards" on 2 December 2016 as a representative from Indonesia. Afterwards, Rossa went to Los Angeles in July to record her latest album, with Mitch Allan as her vocal producer.

2017–2019: A New Chapter – SM Entertainment
On 5 April 2017, Rossa produced a new album entitled A New Chapter which incorporated new genres such as EDM, Electronic Pop and Urban with support from international musicians from Hollywood who had previously worked with international singers Demi Lovato, Justin Bieber, One Direction, Rihanna and many more. This album has four English songs and the remaining five are in Indonesian.

Rossa herself is the First Asian Artist Who Collaborated with a World Class Musician, namely Mitch Allan, Tushar Apte, Fiona Bevan, Stuart Chricton, Gatlin Green, Hugo Lira, Thomas Gustafsson, Negin Djafari, Steve Shebby, Joleen Belle, Michelle Buzz, and Nikki Leonti when producing this album. Her new English single entitled Body Speak enabled Rossa to be the "First Indonesia Artist" who made an appearance on MTV Asia Spotlight Artist for one whole month. According to Peter Coquillard, the executive producer for the four English songs on the new album, namely A New Chapter, these songs were initially planned for Celine Dion's new album in the future but Rossa was proud to be given the honor to sing these songs.

To commemorate the 21 years of her career in the music industry, Rossa held a concert entitled The Journey of 21 Dazzling Years at the Jakarta Convention Center (JCC) with the help of Jay Subiyakto as Art Director and Tohpati as the head of the Orchestra. It was attended by a crowd of 6,000. Her latest album, A New Chapter went 4× Platinum on 4 October 2017. She is believed to be singing a title for the soundtrack of the film Ayat-Ayat Cinta 2 entitled Bulan Dikekang Malam that was released on 20 October 2017. Rossa also held another sold-out concert at Esplanade, Singapore in 2017, also based on "The Journey of 21 Dazzling Years".
In early 2018, Rossa released some new singles including Pernah Memiliki (ft. D’Masiv), Bukan Maksudku (taken from the album A New Chapter) and The Good Is Back (ft. Anggun). Rossa received prestigious "Intellectual Property Award 2018" by the Indonesia Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights for her contribution for Indonesian music. She's also awarded by SCTV Music Awards 2018 as "The Best Female Singer" for her song Bulan Dikekang Malam.

In July 2018, Rossa was announced to be one of the performers in the Opening Ceremony of the 2018 Asian Games along with Anggun, Joey Alexander, Tulus, Raisa and others. Rossa was also appointed to be the judge of the Indonesian Idol Junior Season 3 with Maia Estianty, Rayi (RAN) and Rizky Febian. In addition, Rossa was also announced to be the filler of the song "HARA – Equilibrium Earth" created by Melly Goeslaw and produced by Rinaldy Yunardi. The single will be launched in August 2018 in collaboration with WWF Indonesia for the "Save Our Earth" campaign. Rossa received the highest award from Anugerah Planet Music Award 2018, "Planet Music Special Award / Legend Award" on 28 September 2018 in Singapore, for being considered an Indonesian artist who successfully in the region's music market, where the albums are always selling well until the concert tickets are always sold out not only in Indonesia.

On 1 October 2018, the Rising Star Indonesia also officially announced that Rossa would again be the judge of Rising Star Indonesia Season 3 with Ariel, Judika and Yovie Widianto. she was also accorded one of the Pahang's highest state decorations, Darjah Sri Sultan Ahmad Shah Pahang (SSAP), by the then-Regent of Pahang, Tengku Abdullah Sultan Ahmad Shah with title of nobility "Dato' Sri", making her the only Indonesian artist with such title from Malaysia. She has also won an award from the Big Apple Music Awards 2018 in the United States as The Best Indonesian Artist 2018. Rossa was then appointed by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia to become their brand ambassador.

On 21 February 2019, Rossa made a scene in the country and Korea's entertainment scene by holding a press conference in Indonesia that she would collaborate with Super Juniors full members. Accompanied by Mr. Chairul Tanjung (Transmedia), Leeteuk (Super Junior), Lee Soo-man (Founder and Producer of SM Entertainment),  (CEO / Chief SM Entertainment), and other SM Entertainment officials, they explained that collaboration between Rossa and Super Junior will be released in early 2020. Rossa officially became the first Indonesian and Southeast Asias solo artist to join under the auspices of the label and management of SM Entertainment. She also appeared as a special guest star in the Super Junior concert Super Show 7 World Tour held at ICE BSD City, Tangerang on 15 June 2019. At the concert, Rossa performed her song Tegar in duet with Yesung and Ryeowook, both Super Junior members. She also performed her song Pudar in front of over 20,000 people.

Near the end of 2019, Rossa held a concert tour titled Tegar 2.0 in four major cities in Indonesia, namely Jakarta, Bandung, Yogyakarta and Surabaya. It was held to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the release of the album Tegar in 1999. Together with this concert, Rossa released a single titled Tegar 2.0 which was specially arranged by 2018 Asian Games music composer Ronald Steven and Gamaliel (GAC) as the vocal director. This concert also succeeded in gaining an audience of more than 15,000 people.

2020–present: Masih and Another Journey (Trilogy Album)
On 4 March 2020, Rossa released a new single entitled Masih by Yovie Widianto and Nino Kayam under the Inspire Music label (Rossa's independent label). It was first played at her concert celebrating 21 years in the music industry. In promoting this single, Rossa created a mini-series titled Masih Cinta Terbaik, which was produced by herself and assisted by MAV Production Asia, a production house that had developed a variety of short film and series content in Indonesia. It was widely shown on VIU and Wahana Creator Nusantara as a team of script writers who have received many awards in writing and developing film stories such as Dua Garis Biru, Possesif, Keluarga Cemara, Habibie & Ainun, Rudy Habibie, Bumi Manusia, Laskar Pelangi and Bukaan 8.

The second single of the same year was Sangcheo Badeun Maemum / The Heart You Hurt / Hati Yang Kau Sakiti (Korean Version). It was officially released on 14 August 2020 by holding a press conference via the VLIVE application with Southeast Asian and South Korean media. Rossa then collaborated with Lee Dong-hae (Super Junior) and Dion Wiyoko for the official video clip. Previously, Rossa also collaborated with SM Entertainment Actor, Ki Do Hoon for the official video clip "Masih". She is the first Indonesian artist in history with multi No.1 achievement on the biggest all digital music platforms in the same year (2020).

In 2021, Rossa released a single titled "Wanita" which was composed by Ryan D'Masiv and mastered by Randy Merrill. An engineer who subscribes to the Grammy Awards who usually handles the albums of international singers such as Taylor Swift, Adele, Ariana Grande, Lady Gaga, and many more. This single is dedicated to Rossa to appreciate the great women who always fight for their families, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic like this. Di single ini Rossa juga mendapatkan kesempatan pertama dari Apple Music sebagai Artist Asia Tenggara Pertama yang mendapatkan fitur terbaru Spatial Audio (Dolby Atmos). Rossa juga dipilih oleh Spotify sebagai perwakilan Indonesia untuk kampanye "SPOTIFY EQUAL" selama bulan Agustus 2021.

On 26 November 2021, Rossa launched a new song entitled "Terlalu Berharap," composed by Andmesh Kamaleng and arranged by Andi Rianto in Hungary. Rossa sang this song specifically for the film entitled "Love Knots," starring Beby Tsabina, Rizky Nazar, Brisia Jodie, Vladimir Rama, and others on 29 November 2021, aired on tiket.com for two weeks.

This film is Inspire Music's first film project released after one year. It was previously successful with several live streaming programs such as KOMAX, Nelusur, Brisia Jodie Concert, Afgan Rossa Concert, and others. Rossa has a dual role as a film soundtrack, cameo, and executive producer of this film for this project. This mini-album from the Love Knots film was released on 17 December 2021, with several other soundtracks such as Gabriel Prince, Ririe Moeya, Gaza Ali, Azzahra Banillia & Gayatri Candra.

In February 2022, Rossa again made new history as the most listened-to Indonesian-language female singer on the Apple Music application with a total of more than 16 million playbacks during January 2022 only in Indonesia. Rossa then released the single "Sekali Ini Saja" and held a solo concert "Rossa 25 Shining Years" in 6 major Indonesian cities namely Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, Lampung & Palembang" as well as one in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to commemorate 25 years of journey Rossa's career in the Music Industry.

To celebrate 25 years of journey, Rossa collaborated with 4 music directors & 4 fashion designers from Indonesia & internationally. One of them is the clothing designer for the Met Gala, Grammy Awards, and Oscar & Hollywood celebrities such as Lady Gaga, Beyoncé, & Céline Dion namely Iris Van Herpen & Rick Owens. For the Iris Van Herpen design alone, Rossa reportedly used an Haute Couture dress worth 1.1 billion rupiah, which was specially imported from Europe.

This concert became the most expensive concert by an Indonesian singer after the pandemic with ticket sales reaching 10 million per ticket for RSVP tickets and sold-out. Meanwhile, the Rossa 25 Shining Years concert broke the ticket price for the most expensive Indonesian artist's concert in history in Malaysia with a selling price of RM 5,000 per ticket for RSVP tickets and sold out. The concert was attended by 3,000 people and mostly royalty, businessmen, and Malaysian artists.

After almost 6 years of not releasing a new album, Rossa finally released a Trilogy Album Part.1 entitled "Another Journey: The Beginning" which was inspired by various Pop Icons from various generations such as Madonna, Adele, Dua Lipa, Ariana Grande, Taylor Swift, and many more. As well as Kpop Idols like IU, Lee-Hi & Taeyeon. This album, which was produced by Rossa, immediately won Double Platinum (150,000 CDs) in just 22 days after its release and became the fastest and highest selling album in 2023. Meanwhile, on iTunes, this album was in the No. 1 position just a few minutes after its release. , as well as being the No.1 Best-Selling Pop Album of All Time for Indonesian female singers. Rossa is the first Indonesian artist to have a trilogy album and will be released between 2023-2024. Apart from releasing the album, Rossa also released 2 singles entitled "Take Me Go OST. Former But Married" and "Khanti OST. Bidadari Bering Mata" which were specially released for Viu Indonesia where these two series received a No.1 rating on Viu.

3 months after the release of the album "Another Journey: The Beginning" was awarded a 4x Platinum Award because it managed to sell more than 300,000 CDs. Making this album the album with the most and fastest selling for Indonesian singers in the 2020's era.

Image and Artistry
Rossa started her singing career as a child lady rocker. Her singing ability that was above average made her successful side by side on the same stage with the top lady rockers at that time, such as Nicky Astria, Nike Ardilla, Mel Shandy, Ita Purnamasari, etc. In 1987, the late Betawi culturalist Benyamin Sueb once predicted that Rossa would be an Indonesian pearl whose name would bring Indonesia's good name to foreign countries if she moved to Jakarta. Celine Dion, Mariah Carey, Nicky Astria & Ruth Sahanaya are the singers used as inspirational figures for Rossa. Since childhood, Rossa has been accustomed to performing from city to city & has won several national-level music awards. Little Rossa is not only good at singing. But he is also good at education.

Rossa's singing talent came from her mother, Eni Kusmiani, a traditional Sundanese singer. While she can obtain Rossa's intelligence from her father, Ukas Herawan, who is good at mathematics. While sitting in elementary school, Rossa won only 2nd place in her class. And the rest always get 1st place. During junior high & high school, she also never came out of her class's 1, 2 & 3 positions. Even when he entered the University of Indonesia, he entered through talent scouting for admission to the state university system or achievement.

Born in the cassette & cd era but succeeded in the streaming era, Rossa is the first Indonesian Diva who has succeeded in breaking the paradigm in society that singers in the cassette era cannot co-exist with singers in the streaming era. She managed to establish herself as the "Queen of Streaming Music Indonesia." The legendary composer "Yovie Widianto" said that Rossa was a diva who could survive across generations.

One of the biggest music platforms globally, Spotify, calls Rossa a "Music Legend" from most people in Indonesia. While Apple Music deems Rossa worthy of joining the grand tradition of "Icon Pop." Indonesian singer who has gone global, Anggun C Sasmi, in calling Rossa a singer who has an alter-ego or many versions. That is between a singer, a businessman & a mother. Meanwhile, singer Agnez Mo, during her time as a judge on Indonesian Idol, said that Rossa was one of the Indonesian singers who never made a mistake in every appearance, including the pitch and everything else is perfect. Rossa is also a female solo singer who contributes the most significant music royalties to 7 Indonesian music composers such as Melly Goeslaw, Icha Jikustik, Hendra Nurcahya, Yovie Widianto, Mery LC, Enda Ungu, & Rian D'Masiv.

Art Stage Director "Jay Subiyakto," said Rossa was a Diva who didn't need any gimmicks in her appearance at the press conference of The Journey of 21 Dazzling Years.

Singer, Producer & Politician Anang Hermansyah said Rossa was a complete Diva.

Meanwhile, Music Arranger "Tohpati," said that Rossa was a true hits maker.

Aside from being a pop singer, Rossa is also able to sing traditional Sundanese songs, dangdut, hip-hop, EDM & r&b. Rossa has also recorded songs in other language such as Malay, English, and Korean. Actress and entertainer Nagita Slavina called Rossa the "Diva Millenial Indonesia" because even though Rossa's songs were not released in the streaming era, her songs are still well known among kids from Generation Z. Meanwhile, singer Raisa said Rossa was a singer who always existed in every generation.

Singer & songwriter who graduated with a music degree in Singapore, Isyana Sarasvati, said that Rossa is an inspirational figure because she has a perfect musical side as a singer.

Achievements and Influence
During 25 Years of Work, Rossa has had more than 92 albums (including solos, compilations, and so on), more than 115 Awards, more than 155 Soundtracks, more than 130 songs, No.1 hits on Radio, physical album sales with over 11 million copies. as of 2021, 48 Singles over 1 Million Streams on Spotify (most for Indonesian female singers in the streaming era), and the queen of Indonesian music streaming (total of all credits). She is the most active Indonesian diva holding concerts every year starting in 2008 at JCC, including surrounding countries such as Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei Darussalam, with a total of more than 48 concerts, not including several other artists and other performances.

Her album entitled "The Best of Rossa (2011)" was included in the 10th list of best selling albums of all time in Indonesia in 5th position. Her album entitled "Love, Life & Music (2014)" sold 100,000 CDs in one day. Her album entitled "Platinum Collection" (2013)" became the most streamed Indonesian-language album by female singers on Spotify.

Rossa is the only Indonesian diva who has successfully held a solo concert at the Putra Bukit Jalil Stadium with an audience of more than 12,000 people in 2010. This concert is the biggest Indonesian singer in Malaysia to date. Rossa also holds the highest ticket sales price at Istana Budaya, Malaysia, at RM 1500 & RM 5000. She still holds the record for the single downloads, more than 700,000 downloads in just eight months. According to RIM (Recording Industry Association of Malaysia) data, even Western singers like Avril Lavigne Gwen Stefani are far below Rossa.

Rossa is the first Indonesian singer to popularize the term duet with a deceased singer and then re-recorded it into a new song with a different version in her single entitled "Jangan Ada Dusta Diantara Kita (feat. Almarhum Broery Marantika)" in 2011. Followed by other singers such as Adlani Rambe in the song "Live My Own (feat. Almarhumah Nike Ardilla) in 2020, Inka Christie in the song "Cinta Kita (feat. The late Nike Ardilla)" in 2021, Zeroid Park in the music "Sandiwara Cinta (feat. The late Nike Ardilla)" in 2021.

In 2020 Rossa released a single titled "The Heart You Hurt / Sangcheo Badeun Museum (The Heart You Hurt Korean Version)," which translated from the Indonesian song entitled "Hati Yang Kau Sakiti" and then translated into Korean by Rossa.

Although "The Heart You Hurt was released by accident by Rossa, many Indonesian & Malaysian artists followed Rossa's footsteps to translate their songs into Korean as Tiara Andini feat. Arsy Widianto in the song "Bahaya (Korean Version)" in 2021, Aina Abdul (Malaysian Singer) in the music "Sepi (Korean Version)" in 2021, Suara Kayu in the music "Miniatur (Korean Version)" in 2021, Bertrand Peto Putra Onsu in the music "Deritaku (Korean Version)" in 2021, Armada in the music "Aku Dimatamu (Korean Version)" in 2021, Anneth Delliecia in the music "Mungkin Hari Ini Esok Atau Nanti (Korean Version)" in 2021 and Ghea Indrawari feat. Boy William in the music "Bucketlist (Korean Version)" in 2021.

As a diva & hits maker, her beautiful songs are also sung by singers across generations such as Marsha (Indonesian Idol), who re-sung the song "Tegar" in 2007; D'Langit Band, who re-sung the song "Pudar" in 2011, Jikustik, who sang the song "Aku Bukan Untukmu" in 2011, Cindy Bernadette who sang the song "Perawan Cinta" in 2013, Marcell Siahaan who sang the song "Kini" in 2013, Titi DJ who sang the song again the song "Terlalu Cinta" in 2015, The Sibling who sang the song "Tegar" in 2016, Yesa Lona (dangdut singer) who sang the song "Nada-Nada Cinta" in 2021 & most recently Tissa Biani who sang the song again "Atas Nama Cinta" in 2021.

Rossa is also the only Diva who gets the highest nobility from the Surakarta Hadiningrat Palace & Pahang Kingdom, Malaysia. Rossa is also the first Indonesian singer to receive the "Anugerah Planet Muzik Special Awards (Category: Legend Award)" in the history of Indonesian music. She is also the First Indonesian Singer & First Southeast Asian Solo Singer signed by SM Entertainment.

Discography

Rossa started her career as a child singer. She released her first album entitled Gadis Ingusan in 1988, followed by Untuk Sahabatku in 1990, but unfortunately, the sales of both albums did not reach maximum results. The third album and Rossa's first adult album, Nada-Nada Cinta, was released in 1996 and immediately sold 750,000 copies. In 1999, Rossa's fourth album, Tegar, was released and received 4× Platinum Awards in just three months, followed by the next album, Hati Yang Terpilih, released in 2000. The album, entitled Kini, was released in 2002, and the album Kembali was released in 2004, followed by the album Yang Terpilih which was released in 2006. From the six albums, Rossa released many popular hits not only in Indonesia but also in neighboring countries. In 2007, Rossa became the lead singer on Ayat-Ayat Cinta's soundtrack album. Finally, in 2009, Rossa released her tenth album, entitled Rossa or Self-Titled. Of all her albums (one best and one with other artists), Rossa has released many hit singles that are very popular until now. His albums also scored success everywhere, from getting Platinum, Multi-Platinum to Million Sales Album.

Studio albums
 Gadis Ingusan (1988)
 Untuk Sahabatku (1990)
 Nada-Nada Cinta (1996)
 Tegar (1999)
 Hati Yang Terpilih (2000)
 Kini (2002)
 Kini (Repackaged Edition) (2003)
 Kembali (2004)
 Yang Terpilih (2006)
 Rossa (2009)
 Harmoni Jalinan Nada & Cerita (2010)
 The Best of Rossa (2011)
 Platinum Collection (2013)
 Love, Life & Music (2014)
 A New Chapter (2017)
 Another Journey: The Beginning (2023)

Compilation Albums
 From Us To U (Tribute To Titiek Puspa) – 2005
 MTV Ampuh Hits of the Year (2006)
 OST. Ayat-Ayat Cinta (2007)
 Dahsyat (2009)
 MTV Ampuh Hits of the Year 3 (2009)
 Sinar Lebaran (Malaysia Edition) – 2010
 Dahsyat Vol. 2 (2010)
 Takbir Raya (Malaysia Edition) – 2010
 Bebi Romeo Masterpiece "album Bebi Romeo" (2012)
 OST. Soekarno (2013)
 KFC Adu Bintang (2013)
 Havoc (Malaysia Edition) "album Joe Flizzow" – 2013
 Anugerah-Mu (Malaysia Edition) – 2014
 Melodi Melankolik (Malaysia Edition) – 2014
 The Best of Nada Kita (2017)
 OST. Ayat-Ayat Cinta 2 (2018)
 Engergy of Asia (Official Album of Asian Games 2018)
 69 Tahun Perjalanan Karir Titiek Puspa (2021)

Singles
 Setinggi Mimpi Mereka – UNICEF Indonesia (Theme Song 2008)
 Sang Surya – OST. Sang Pencerah (2010)
 Kebebasan – Yonder Music Indonesia (Theme Song 2016)
 Pesona Indonesia – Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Republik Indonesia (Theme Song 2015)
 Wonderful Indonesia – Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Republik Indonesia (Theme Song 2015)
 Satu Indonesiaku (2016)
 Kebebasan – Yonder Music Indonesia (Theme Song 2016)
 Satu Indonesiaku (2017)
 Bright As The Sun – Asian Games 2018 (Theme Song 2017)
 Hidup Itu Indah (Life Is Beautiful) – Oriflame (Theme Song 2018)
 Pernah Memiliki feat. D’Masiv & David "Noah" (2018)
 Cahaya Dalam Sunyi feat. All Artist – Quran ID Project (2018)
 The Good Is Back feat. Anggun (2018)
 HARA "Equilibrium Earth" feat. All Artists (2018)
 Mars Rimbawan – Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia (Theme Song 2019)
 Sampah Sayang feat. Titiek Puspa & All Artist (2019)
 Karena Cinta Yang Menemani – OST. Susi Susanti Love All (2019)
 Tegar 2.0 (2019)
 Masih – OST. Masih Cinta Terbaik (2020)
 Satu Cara (2020)
 Indonesia Bersatu (2020)
 The Heart You Hurt / Hati Yang Kau Sakiti – Korean Version (2020)
 Wanita (2021)
 Bertahanlah (2021)
 Zambrud Khatulistiwa feat. All Artists – Resso Version (2021)
 Terlalu Berharap – OST. Love Knots (2021)
 Sekali Ini Saja (2022)
 Bawalah Aku Pergi OST. Mantan Tapi Menikah (2023)
 Khanti OST. Bidadari Bermata Bening (2023)

Digital albums
 The History (Nokia Special Edition) – 2010
 Symphony of Praises (2012)
 Number One (2012)
 Sambut Ramadhan (2013)
 Platinum Collection (Nokia Mix Radio Special Edition) – 2013
 Konsert Mega Bintang (2013)
 The History (iTunes Special Edition) – 2014
 Marhaban Ya Ramadhan (2014)
 Top Hits (2014)
 Ear Candy (2016)
 OST. Masih Cinta Terbaik (2020)
 OST. Love Knots (2021)

Concerts

Rossa is an Indonesian singer who often holds solo concerts in her country and neighboring countries such as Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei Darussalam. Rossa even managed to establish her name in Malaysia as the first Indonesian artist to successfully hold a solo concert filled with more than 12,000 spectators at the Bukit Jalil Stadium, Malaysia (2010) and was attended by high-ranking state officials such as Datin Sri Rosmah Mansor (Malaysia), Mrs. Linda Gumelar (Minister of Indonesian Women Empowerment) & Mr. Agum Gumelar (Indonesia). Her solo concert with the theme "Malam Keajaiban Cinta Dato Rossa" at the Honorary Stage of the Istana Budaya, Malaysia, in 2015 further strengthened his DIVA prestige that he was not only one of the number one DIVA in Indonesia but also in Malaysia. Her concert ticket set a record as an Indonesian artist with the most expensive concert ticket paid in Malaysia, with ticket prices reaching RM518 for the public and RM1500 for the royals. Her concert tickets were sold out in less than 2 hours. Many Malaysian Royal Highnesses attended this solo concert.

Meanwhile, his concert with six other Datos, entitled the "Raja & Rakyat Split Tiada," concert on 17 February 2016, at the Istana Budaya, managed to break the record for selling the most expensive tickets in the history of Malaysian music, which reached a price of RM 5000. This concert was held to commemorate the birthday of Sultan Pahang, who 85th. And as usual, the concert tickets were also sold out. At the end of 2018, Rossa held a mini-concert entitled "Grand Fantasia With Rossa" with a 1.5–20 million Rupiah ticket price. Like Rossa's other concerts, Rossa's concert tickets are also sold out. On 14 February 2019, Rossa again held a mini-concert entitled "Rossa Live In Concert – Cinta Dalam My Life" at 350 thousand Rupiah – 25 million Rupiah. Dan tiketnya pun kembali sold-out 5 hari sebelum acara. And the tickets were again sold-out five days before the event.

Singer and judge for the Judika talent show said Rossa was the Queen of Concerts in Indonesia. The same thing was also expressed by the prominent presenter of Metro TV, Alvin Adam, who stated in his biography "The Story Book Just Alvin Part.2" that Rossa was the Queen of Concert Indonesia (Queen of Concert) in Indonesia because there were too many requests to sing at concerts. Rossa's 25 Shining Years concert in Malaysia also broke the record for being the most expensive solo concert by an Indonesian singer in history, with ticket prices reaching RM 5,000.

Solo concerts
 Persembahan Cinta (JCC, Indonesia) – 2008
 Persembahan Cinta Mini (Bandung & Surabaya) – 2009
 Cerita Cinta (Road Tour in 7 Town in Indonesia & 1 in Malaysia) – 2009
 Melodi Cinta Rossa (Stadium Bukit Jalil, Malaysia) – 2010
 Harmoni Cinta Rossa (Esplanade, Singapura) – 2011
 Malam Keajaiban Cinta (Istana Budaya, Malaysia) – 2015
 Pesona Cinta Rossa (Persada Johor International Convention Centre, Malaysia) – 2015
 The Journey Of 21 Dazzling Years (JCC, Jakarta) – April 2017
 The Journey Of 21 Dazzling Years (Esplanade, Singapura) – November 2017
 A New Chapter (Bali, Indonesia) – December 2017
 Grand Fantasia With Rossa (Jakarta, Indonesia) – December 2018
 Rossa Live In Concert "Cinta Dalam Hidupku" (Jakarta, Indonesia) – February 2019
 Tegar 2.0 (Road Tour 4 Town in Indonesia) – 2019
 25 Shining Years (Road Tour 6 Town in Indonesia) + 1 in Malaysia – 2022
 Another Journey : The Beginning, Malaysia - 2023
 Another Journey : The Beginning, Singapura - 2023

Exclusive Concerts
 An Evening With Rossa (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) – 2010
 One Night Lover with Rossa (Indonesia) – 2012
 Atas Nama Cinta Dato’ Rossa (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) – 2013
 Konser Nusantara (Istana Budaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) – 2015
 Malam Gala Cinta Tanpa Sempadan Exclusive With Dato’ Rossa (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) – 2014
 Raja dan Rakyat Berpisah Tiada (Istana Budaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) – 2015
 New Year's Eve Celebration With Rossa & Kahitna (Bandung, Indonesia) – 2019

Online Concerts
 Tegar 2.0 (Jakarta & Bandung) – 2020
 Galau Rossa & Nagita Slavina (Indonesia) – 2020
 Afgan Rossa The Concert – 2021

TV concert
 Stars On Stage "Special Rossa" – ANTV (Indonesia) – 2005
 By Request "Special Rossa – Kembali" – SCTV (Indonesia) – 2005
 Class On Campus "Special Rossa" ANTV (Indonesia) – 2005
 Platinum Muzik "Special Rossa" – ASTRO (Malaysia) – 2006
 Class On Air "Special Rossa" – ANTV (Indonesia) – 2006
 Musik Asyik "Special Nada-Nada Cinta Terpilih Rossa" – ANTV (Indonesia) – 2006
 Nite of Soulful Stars "Special Rossa" – NTV7 (Malaysia) – 2007
 Persembahan Cinta (TV Version) – SCTV & TV3 (Indonesia & Malaysia) – 2008
 By Request "Special Rossa (Self Titled Rossa)" – SCTV (Indonesia) – 2009
 Melodi Cinta (TV Version) – TRANS TV & TV3 (Indonesia & Malaysia) – 2010
 Atas Nama Cinta – Astro Ria (Malaysia) – 2010
 Harmoni Cinta (TV Version) – ANTV & Suria (Indonesia & Singapura) – 2011
 K20 "Special Rossa" – Kompas TV (Indonesia) – 2013
 Malam Keajaiban Cinta Dato’ Rossa (TV Version) – TV3 (Malaysia) – 2015
 The Journey of 21 Dazzling Years (TV Version) – TRANS TV (Indonesia) – 2017
 Suara Hati Istri – Indosiar (Indonesia) – 2020
 Hijrah Cinta Rossa & Lesti – Indosiar (Indonesia) – 2020
 Concert Galau Rossa & Nagita Slavina (TV Version) – ANTV (Indonesia) – 2020
 Rossa & Afgan The Concert (TV Version) – ANTV (Indonesia) – 2021
 25 Tahun Rossa – RCTI (Indonesia) – 2021
 Rossa 25 Shining Years (Indonesia) – 2022

Filmography

Mini Series

Film

Soap Opera

Video Clip

Music competitions
 Superstar Show – Grand final – 2008 (Guest Mentor)
Indonesian Idol Season 6 (2010)
X-Factor Indonesia Season 1 – 2013 (Winner)
Rising Star Indonesia Season 1 – 2013 (Guest Mentor)
Mamamia Show Season 4 – 2014 (Guest Mentor)
X-Factor Indonesia Season 2 – 2015 (Winner)
Rising Star Indonesia Season 2 (2016)
 3 Juara Malaysia ('Ballad' category) – 2016 (Winner)
Indonesian Idol Junior Season 3 (2018)
Rising Star Indonesia Season 3 (2018)
D'Star Indonesia – Grand final – 2019 (Guest Mentor)
Indonesian Idol Season 10 – 2020 (Guest Mentor)
Byarr Indonesia (2020)
Indonesian Idol Season 11 – A New Chapter (2021)
X-Factor Indonesia Season 3 (2021–2022)
 Tik-Tok Indonesia Awards (2022)
 Indonesia's Got Talent Season 3 (2022)
 The Indonesian Next Big Stars – 2022 (Guest Mentor)
 Indonesian Idol Season 12 (2022–2023)
 Indonesia's Got Talent Season 4 - 2023
 Big Stage Malaysia Season 5 - 2023 (Guest Mentor)
 The Indonesian Next Big Star Season 2 - 2023

TV shows
 Opening Ceremony –  Pekan Olahraga Nasional (PON) XVIII (2012)
 A Night To Remember (Trans TV) (2016)
 Closing Ceremony –  Pekan Olahraga Nasional (PON) XIX (2016)
 Opening Ceremony – Asian Games 2018

Live Streaming shows
 BISIK (Bincang Musik) Bersama Rossa (2020–2022)
 Rossa's Drama Corner (Viu Indonesia) (2020–2021)

Brand ambassador
 Lulur Mandi Sumber Ayu (2005)
 Sabun Daun Sirih Sumber Ayu (2006)
 Shampoo Zinc (2007)
 Ruzelle Coffee (2008)
 Shampoo Pantene Indonesia (2011–2016)
 Handphone Nexian Hikmah (2011)
 KFC Indonesia (2011–2012)
 Dompet Dhuafa (2011–2014)
 Kintakun Spring Bed (2012–2013)
 Oriflame Indonesia (2013–2019)
 Indonesian Breast Cancer Foundation
 Brand Ambassador "YKPI Pita Pink" (2015–2019)
 Indonesian Anti-Drugs Brand Ambassador (2015 – Now)
 International Brand Ambassador "Wonderful Indonesia" (2015 – Now)
 Kiara Hospital (2016 – Now)
 Alia Go Travel (2017 – Now)
 Hartadinata Abadi Jewellery (2018–2020)
 Ministry of Environment and Forest Republic of Indonesia (2018 – Now)
 V-Live Indonesia (2019–2021)
 Likee Indonesia (2020)
 Sasa Duta Santan (2021)
 Uniqlo Indonesia (2021)
 Duta Sahabat Desa SDGs, Sumedang, Jawa Barat (2021-Now)
 Ximivogue Indonesia (2021)
 Scarlett Whitening (2022)
 Bodrex Indonesia (2022)

Business
 House of Rossa
 Diva Family Karaoke (48 Outlet)
 Villa Paya-Paya, Bali (one of the best villa in the world)
 Kain Made in Indonesia
 Paloma
 Rossa Eau De Parfum (Indonesia & Malaysia)
 Rossa Beauty
 Minang Mande Cake (4 outlet)
 Every Ware Store
 Minime Kidz
 Eyelash Rossa X Bubah
 Drumstairs (Halal Korean Food)

Educations
 Kindergarten: TK Bhakti Pertiwi, Sumedang (1982–1984)
 Elementary School: SDN 1 Sumedang (1984–1990)
 Junior High School: SMPN 1 Sumedang (1990–1993)
 Senior High School: SMAN 1 Sumedang (1993–1996)
 University:  University of Indonesia – Faculty of Social and Political Science (1996–2000)

Honours

Honours of Malaysia
  :
  Knight Companion of the Order of the Crown of Pahang (D.I.M.P) – Dato' (2013)
  Grand Knight of the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (S.S.A.P) – Dato' Sri (2018)

List of Awards

 rossaofficial.com

References

External links

 Rossa discography on iTunes
 Rossa discography on Discogs

1978 births
Anugerah Musik Indonesia winners
English-language singers from Indonesia
20th-century Indonesian women singers
Indonesian pop singers
Indonesian people of Malay descent
Living people
Musicians from West Java
People from Sumedang
Sundanese people
University of Indonesia alumni
21st-century Indonesian women singers
Indonesian actresses
Indonesian film actresses
Indonesian television actresses
Suria Records artists
Universal Music Group artists


Innocent Kobena Anaky (born 27 July 1948) is an Ivorian politician and the President of the Movement of the Forces of the Future (MFA), an opposition party. He served in the government of Côte d'Ivoire as Minister of State for Transport from 2003 to 2006.

Biography
Anaky was born in Bondoukou and was an adopted son of President Félix Houphouët-Boigny. He founded the Inter Transit company in the late 1970s and headed the company as its President Director-General. In November 1988, he participated in the constitutive congress of the opposition Ivorian Popular Front (FPI). Anaky used money from his business to finance the FPI. Houphouët-Boigny loaned Anaky 100 million CFA francs for the company, but Anaky allegedly used some of that money to support the FPI. As a result of his political activities, Anaky was arrested and sentenced to 20 years in prison. He was released in 1991.

In December 1992, Anaky established his own political party, the Movement of the Forces of the Future. Following the December 1999 coup d'etat, he was arrested. In the December 2000–January 2001 parliamentary election, he was elected to the National Assembly as an MFA candidate in Kouassi-Datèkro constituency; he was the only MFA candidate to win a seat. Following a political agreement in 2003, he was appointed to the government as Minister of State for Transport. He headed a delegation to Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, in May 2003 to engage in talks regarding trade routes through Côte d'Ivoire that had been closed to Burkina Faso due to the outbreak of the Ivorian Civil War in 2002.

In the midst of a scandal regarding the dumping of toxic waste, he was attacked and beaten by angry residents of Abidjan, who also damaged his car, in mid-September 2006; he was saved by security forces. He was excluded from the government in a cabinet reshuffle at the time of the scandal. Anaky placed blame for the dumping of the toxic waste on port and district authorities.

In early 2009, Anaky said that he did not believe the planned and long-delayed presidential election would actually be held in 2009. In a state television broadcast on 18 March 2009, Anaky called for the people to overthrow President Laurent Gbagbo, in emulation of the successful ouster of Madagascar's President Marc Ravalomanana; Anaky was subsequently arrested by the Direction of Territorial Surveillance on 20 March. He was questioned and released on 21 March, and on 23 March he announced that the MFA was withdrawing from the coalition government, in which the party had held one portfolio.

Following a stampede at a football match in Abidjan on 29 March 2009, in which 29 people were killed, Anaky blamed youth leader Charles Blé Goudé and the ruling FPI for the incident.

References

Anaky
Anaky
Movement of the Forces of the Future politicians
1948 births
Living people
People from Bondoukou


Llebredo is a parish in the municipalities of Boal, Coaña, and El Franco, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 98 (INE 2007). The postal codes are 33719 and 33756.

Villages
 Brañamayor
 Coba
 Llebredo

References

Parishes in Boal
Parishes in Coaña
Parishes in El Franco


René Bull was a British illustrator and photographer. He was born in Dublin on 11 December 1872 to a French mother and an English father. He went to Paris to study engineering, but embarked on an artistic career after meeting and taking drawing lessons from the French satirist and political cartoonist Caran d'Ache (Emmanuel Poiré). Bull returned to Ireland to contribute sketches and political cartoons to various publications, including the 'Weekly Freeman'.

Moving to London in 1892, Bull drew for "Illustrated Brits" and created cartoons in the style of Caran d'Ache for 'Pick-Me-Up' from 1893. In 1896 Bull joined Black and White illustrated newspaper as a special artist and photographer. In 1898, he covered the Tirah Campaign in India and went on to Sudan for the campaign culminating in the Battle of Omdurman. He went to South Africa to record the Boer War until the relief of Ladysmith in March 1900. As he was wounded in 1900, Bull was invalided out.

He settled in England and drew cartoons for such magazines as Bystander, Chums, London Opinion, Lika Joko. In The Sketch Bull created cartoons of humorous inventions, predating those of William Heath Robinson. From 1905 he illustrated books, starting with an edition of Fontaine's 'Fables'. Other major titles he illustrated included The Arabian Nights (1912), Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám (1913), The Russian Ballet (1913), Carmen (1915), Andersen's Fairy Tales. In 1914, Bull joined the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve as a lieutenant and was eventually transferred to the Royal Air Force where he reached the rank of Major. In World War II Bull joined the Air Ministry for technical duties. He died on 14 March 1942.

Illustrated books
 Jean De La Fontaine – Fables (Nelson, 1905)
 Frank A. Saville - Fate's Intruder: A Novel (Heinemann, 1905)
 Joel Chandler Harris - Uncle Remus (Nelson, 1906)
 The Arabian Nights (Constable, 1912)
 Alfred Edwin Johnson - The Russian Ballet (1913)
 Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (Hodder, 1913)
 Prosper Mérimée (Trans. A. E. Johnson) – Carmen (Hutchinson, 1915)
 Hubert Strang – The Old Man Of The Mountain (Hodder, 1916)
 Jonathan Swift – Gulliver's Travels (1928)
 Rose Fyleman - A Garland of Roses: Collected Poems (Methuen, 1928)
 Hans Christian Andersen – Fairy Tales (Clowes, c. 1928)
 Joel Chandler Harris – Brer Rabbit Plays (Retold by Elizabeth Fleming) (Nelson, 1930)
 Jean De La Fontaine – Fables: A Selection (Trans. Shirley Edward) (1935)
 Zoo Friends (Blackie, 1939)
 Various – The Children's Golden Treasure Book of 1939

Contributions
‘Black and White’ (1892), ‘Chums’ (1892), ‘Pall Mall Budget’ (1893), ‘ILN’ (1893), ‘St. Paul’s’ (1894), ‘Lika Joko’ (1894), ‘English Illustrated Magazine’ (1894–96), ‘Pick-Me-Up: The New Budget’ (1895), ‘The Sketch’ (1895-1918), ‘The Ludgate Monthly’ (c. 1896), ‘The Bystander’ (1904), Punch (1906–07).

References

External links

1872 births
1942 deaths
British illustrators
19th-century British photographers
British war artists
British comics artists
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War I
Artists from Dublin (city)
Place of death missing
Photographers from Dublin (city)


Dryandra ser. Plumosae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra (now Banksia ser. Dryandra). It was published by Alex George in 1996, but discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sank Dryandra into Banksia.

Publication
George published the series in his 1996 "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br.", naming it after the type species, D. plumosa (now Banksia plumosa). It was defined as containing three species, D. plumosa, D. pseudoplumosa (now B. pseudoplumosa) and D. montana (now B. montana. All three species are dense bushy shrubs, without a lignotuber; and all have long hairs on the stems and about the flower heads. In addition, all three are restricted to western parts of the Esperance Plains region of Western Australia, between the Stirling Range and the Fitzgerald River region.

George's placement and circumscription of D. ser. Plumosae, as amended in his 1999 treatment of Dryandra for the Flora of Australia series, and in 2005, may be summarised as follows:

Dryandra (now Banksia ser. Dryandra)
D. subg. Dryandra
D. ser. Floribundae (1 species, 4 varieties)
D. ser. Armatae (21 species, 7 subspecies, 4 varieties)
D. ser. Marginatae (1 species)
D. ser. Folliculosae (1 species, 5 varieties)
D. ser. Acrodontae (4 species, 2 varieties)
D. ser. Capitellatae (2 species, 2 subspecies)
D. ser. Ilicinae (3 species, 2 varieties)
D. ser. Dryandra (3 species, 2 subspecies)
D. ser. Foliosae (3 species, 2 subspecies)
D. ser. Decurrentes (1 species)
D. ser. Tenuifoliae (2 species, 2 varieties)
D. ser. Runcinatae (4 species, 7 subspecies)
D. ser. Triangulares (3 species, 3 subspecies)
D. ser. Aphragma (9 species, 3 subspecies)
D. ser. Ionthocarpae (1 species, 2 subspecies)
D. ser. Inusitatae (1 species)
D. ser. Subulatae (1 species)
D. ser. Gymnocephalae (11 species, 4 subspecies, 2 varieties)
D. ser. Plumosae
D. plumosa (now Banksia plumosa)
D. plumosa subsp. plumosa (now Banksia plumosa subsp. plumosa)
D. plumosa subsp. denticulata (now Banksia plumosa subsp. denticulata)
D. pseudoplumosa (now Banksia pseudoplumosa)
D. montana (now Banksia montana)
D. ser. Concinnae (3 species)
D. ser. Obvallatae (7 species, 2 varieties)
D. ser. Pectinatae (1 species)
D. ser. Acuminatae (1 species)
D. ser. Niveae
D. subg. Hemiclidia (2 species)
D. subg. Diplophragma (1 species)

Abandonment
Since 1998, Austin Mast has been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for the subtribe Banksiinae. His analyses have provided compelling evidence of the paraphyly of Banksia with respect to Dryandra; that is, it seems that Dryandra arose from within the ranks of Banksia. Early in 2007, Mast and Kevin Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksia by sinking Dryandra into it as B. ser. Dryandra. This transfer necessitated the setting aside of George's infrageneric arrangement of Dryandra; thus D. ser. Plumosae is no longer current. Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra is complete.

References

External links

ser. Plumosae
Historically recognized angiosperm taxa
Plant series


GMA Saturday/Sunday Report is a Philippine television news broadcasting show broadcast by GMA Network. It premiered on May 24, 1986. The show concluded on August 20, 1989.

Anchors
 Bong Lapira
 Jimmy Gil
 Raffy Marcelo
 Romy de Moro
 Sharon Lacanilao

1986 Philippine television series debuts
1989 Philippine television series endings
English-language television shows
GMA Network news shows
Philippine television news shows


A Ronda (also known as La Ronda) is one of seven parishes (administrative divisions) in Boal, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is  in size with a population of 45 (INE 2019).

A Ronda has an altitude of 585 meters above sea level. It is located about 12.5 kilometers (7.77 miles) from the county seat.

Villages
 A Baxada
 A Ronda
 Brañadesella
 Brañavara
 El Villar de San Pedro

References

Parishes in Boal


Floc'h, Floch, ar Floc'h and ar Floc'hig (frenchized in Le Floc'h, Le Floc'hic or even Le Page and Lécuyer) is a Breton family name meaning « the page ». It can refer to:

Anthony Floch, French rugby union player
Henri Le Floch, Breton rector of the French Seminary (Collège Français) in Rome
Jean-Claude Floch, French cartoonist, known as Floc'h.
Louis Floch, Breton football player
Xavier Le Floch, Breton triathlete
Maodez Glandour, pseudonym of Louis Augustin Le Floc'h (1909 -1986), Breton writer, poet and music composer
Jean Floc'h (1938-2007), Breton industrialist
Jean-Guy Le Floch (born in 1953), Breton entrepreneur, CEO Armor-Lux
Loïk Le Floch-Prigent (born in 1943), Breton business personality

Miscellaneous
Floch Forster, a fictional character in the anime/manga series Attack on Titan
 145445 Le Floch, un asteroid

Breton-language surnames


Serandías is one of seven parishes (administrative divisions) in Boal, a municipality, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is  in size with a population of 253 (INE 2008).

Villages
 Cabanastrabazas
 Llanteiro
 Miñagón
 Teiciellos
 Villanova
 El Villar de Serandías
 Mezá

References

Parishes in Boal


Valerie Miner (born in New York City) is an American novelist, journalist, and professor. A dual US/UK citizen, she lives in San Francisco and Mendocino, California with her partner.

Biography
Miner is the award-winning author of fifteen books inlcluding Bread and Salt: Short Fiction published in 2020 and  Traveling with Spirits in 2013.  Other novels include After Eden, Range of Light, A Walking Fire, Winter’s Edge, Blood Sisters, All Good Women, Movement: A Novel in Stories, and Murder in the English Department. Her short fiction books include Abundant Light, The Night Singers and Trespassing. Her collection of essays is Rumors from the Cauldron: Selected Essays, Reviews and Reportage.

Miner’s work has appeared in The Georgia Review, Salmagundi, New Letters, Ploughshares, The Village Voice, Prairie Schooner, The Gettysburg Review, Conditions, The T.L.S., The Women’s Review of Books, The Nation and other journals. Her stories and essays are published in more than sixty anthologies. A number of her pieces have been dramatized on BBC Radio 4. Her collaborative work includes books, museum exhibits as well as theatre. Her work has been translated into German, Turkish, Danish, Italian, Spanish, French, Swedish and Dutch.

She has won fellowships and awards from The Rockefeller Foundation, Fondazione Bogliasco, The Brown Foundation, Fundación Valparaiso, The McKnight Foundation, The NEA, The Jerome Foundation, The Heinz Foundation, The Australia Council Literary Arts Board and numerous other sources. She has had Fulbright Fellowships to Tunisia, India and Indonesia.

Winner of a Distinguished Teaching Award, she has been on the faculty of Stanford University, U.C. Berkeley, the University of Minnesota and Arizona State University. She travels internationally giving readings, lectures and workshops. She and her partner live in San Francisco and Mendocino County, California.

References

External links

Living people
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American women novelists
American lesbian writers
American LGBT novelists
American women journalists
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
Journalists from New York City
Novelists from New York (state)
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American feminist writers
Year of birth missing (living people)


Waswanipi may refer to:

Waswanipi, Quebec, a Cree village in Eeyou Istchee, Quebec, Canada
Waswanipi (Cree village municipality), a Cree Reserved Land located in Eeyou Istchee, Quebec, Canada
Waswanipi River, a tributary of Matagami Lake in Quebec, Canada
Lake Waswanipi, a body of water crossed by the Waswanipi River in Quebec, Canada

See also


The Greystone Preparatory School Program situated on the campus of University of the Ozarks in  Clarksville, AR serves to prepare candidates for nomination, appointment and success at one of the five U.S Federal Service Academies:
  United States Air Force Academy
  United States Naval Academy
  United States Military Academy
  United States Merchant Marine Academy
  United States Coast Guard Academy

The Greystone program was started by Commander David Bailey, U.S. Navy (Ret.), a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy - Class of 1981. The Greystone program began operation as the newest and most unique service academy preparatory school in 2004, largely due to its university affiliation unlike many other programs of its kind.  Greystone's mission is simple: Empower young men and women to earn their appointment to the service academy of their choice. It focuses on preparing candidates academically, physically, and as leaders. While enrolled at Greystone, students are co-enrolled at University of the Ozarks, taking an average of 19 credit hours per semester with classes commensurate with an academic course load served at the service academies.

Since the founding of Greystone in 2004, a very high percentage of students have received formal congressional/senatorial nominations to their respective academies and approximately 84% of students have earned their final appointments.

References

Education in Kerr County, Texas


Compsomyiops callipes, previously known as Paraluclia wheeleri, is a member of the blowfly family Calliphoridae. It is a warm weather fly that can be found in southwestern parts of the United States and parts of South America. This species can be identified by its chaetotaxy, metallic blue color, club-shaped palp, and brown calypters.

Compsomyiops callipes serves an important role in the field of medicocriminal entomology, a subfield of forensic entomology, by determining post mortem intervals (PMI). This species is attracted to carrion and has been involved in case studies in California where it has been the primary fly found on human remains.

Taxonomy
Compsomyiops callipes was first described in 1877. It was later described as Paralucilia wheeleri but it was not recognized that this was only a new name for a species that had already been named. In 1985, J. P. Dear revised the New World tribe Chrysomyini, which resulted in Paralucilia wheeleri being synonymized under Compsomyiops callipes Bigot. It is a member of the family Calliphoridae, commonly called blowflies, and the subfamily Chrysomyinae.

Description
Compsomyiops callipes is a member of the order Diptera meaning two wings. Diptera are characterized by having two forewings and halteres. Since it is a member of the family Calliphoridae, it has bristles on the meron, its antennae have plumose arista, and it has two to three notopleural bristles. The subfamily Chrysomyinae is characterized by a setose stem vein on the wings. Compsomyiops callipes is a relatively large fly with a length of about 6–12 mm. Its abdomen and thorax are a metallic blue color. It has a bright yellow gena and four longitudinal lines on its pronotum. The setae on the posterior margin of the hind coxa are long and dark. Its palp, which is an appendage near its mouth used for sensation, movement and feeding, is clavate meaning club-shaped. Its anterior spiracle and calypters are brown. Compsomyiops callipes is very similar in appearance to flies belonging to the genus Cochliomyia but can be distinguished by its palp, calypters, and chaetotaxy, which is the study of the arrangement of setae.

Locale

Compsomyiops callipes is generally found where there are warm temperatures. It is prevalent in the southwestern United States, in states such as Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and California. However this species has been reported all throughout the world in warmer climates. This species can also be found in Mexico, Australia, and Venezuela in montane savanna and cloud forest habitats. Compsomyiops callipes is more abundant in rural and riparian areas as opposed to urban settings.

Feeding
Compsomyiops callipes is attracted to carrion. In accordance with other blow-flies, it can smell carrion from up to 10 miles away. Flowers like the American pawpaw and Dead Horse Arum produce these smells of death to attract the flies thereby spreading their pollen. Nectar from these flowers can be used to generate energy for flight. Compsomyiops callipes were found on rat carrion in a Venezuelan study. Larvae from Compsomyiops callipes are commonly found on dead bodies providing time of death estimations.

Life cycle

Egg to larvae
The life cycle of Compsomyiops callipes consists of the larval, pupa, and adult stages. The first stage, or larval stage, starts when the larvae hatch from the egg. This stage is broken up even further into instars. The first instar is about 2.5-3.9 mm in length. The larvae have a segmented body. On segments two to nine, they have light brown complete spinose bands. There are three small tubercles above and three below the posterior cavity. The posterior spiracles have two slits; however, they are not surrounded by the peritreme. The spiracular openings of the respiratory system are restricted to a pair each (Amphipneustic). The second instar is 4–9.5 mm in length. At this stage, the larvae have developed spines with 1-3 points the form a V-shape on the anal protuberance.  The spiracles are now surrounded by an incomplete peritreme. The third instar is 8.5–17 mm in length. The posterior spiracles are now large and have a broad peritreme. They have also developed many more tubercles. Third instar larvae also possess an accessory oral sclerite. It is important to note that none of this development will happen or continue if the temperature is not at a constant low.

Pupa to adult
Once the larval stage of development is complete, the pupa stage begins. The prepupa stage can last 3–7 days as the larvae prepare to pupate, and has a mean air temperature of
.Then, when the larvae actually pupate, it enters the stage known as puparium. This is the final stage before adulthood, which lasts from 8–14 days, and in this time the pupa is stationary and does nothing except develop into an adult fly. The mean air temperature in this stage is
. Finally, the last stage is the adult fly. After it is fully developed, it emerges from the pupa and sets out to feed and then procreate; starting the life cycle over again.

Importance
Compsomyiops Callipes has recently been studied in the sub-field of forensic entomology, medicocriminal entomology. Medicocriminal entomology is the use of arthropods in courts of law dealing with violent crime. Arthropods are commonly used to determine the post mortem interval (PMI), and the location of the crime, depending on which species are found. The post mortem interval is important because it greatly helps investigators solve crime cases. Arthropods are useful when determining this, because their life cycles allow the entomologist to determine their age and how long they have been present based on their succession pattern. Compsomyiops Callipes has commonly been associated with carrion for over fifty years. Just recently (in the past couple years) it has been associated with human remains in California. In 2004, two separate case studies were done examining two different corpses that were found off of the road in rural dry grass areas. The arthropods found on the two corpses were examined to calculate the PMI. In this process, it was found that Compsomyips Callipes was the primary adult fly and larvae found on the corpses. And further cases showed that it was the most common fly found on at least three other bodies in the Santa Clara County of California. This discovery is significant because it shows the importance of regional classification of forensically important insects.

Current research
Compsomyiops callipes is currently being used in DNA based identification techniques; the most reliable being phylogenic analysis. There has been some difficulty identifying species anatomically because many are closely related. This makes a big difference when estimating PMI because, even though the species may be anatomically similar, it may grow at a very different rate. A flawed analysis may mean a difference of weeks in the PMI, and this can significantly hurt a case study. Compsomyiops callipes is one of the few species that has had its mitochondrial DNA sequence determined. This information is currently being put in a reference sequence database that would make it easily accessible for forensic entomologists around the world.

References

Further reading
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 108 (3): pp. 689–725.  (inactive 2008-07-01).
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/grants/194121.pdf
http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.3956/2007-27.1?cookieSet=1
DOI.org
 "Molecular approaches to the study of myiasis-causing larvae", International Journal for Parasitology, Volume 32, Issue 11, October 2002, Pages 1345-1360

Calliphoridae
Diptera of North America
Insects described in 1877
Taxa named by Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot


La Veigadouria is one of seven parishes in Boal, a municipality, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is  in size with a population of 214 (INE 2005).

The Asturian people of the parish live in several villages, including: El Bidural, Brañallibrel, A Cabana, Carbayal, El Cepón, El Gumio, Ouria, Ransal, Rozadas, Trevé, El Valle Seco and A Veigadouria.

External links
 Asturian society of economic and industrial studies, English language version of "Sociedad Asturiana de Estudios Económicos e Industriales" (SADEI)

Parishes in Boal


The United States Military Academy (USMA) is an undergraduate college in West Point, New York that educates and commissions officers for the United States Army. Twenty-one graduates of the Military Academy have been selected for astronaut training by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the third most out of any college in the United States. The first alumnus to graduate and go on to become an astronaut was Frank Borman, class of 1950. As of August 2022, the most recent alumnus to become an astronaut was Anne McClain, class of 2002. Five alumni were part of Project Gemini, six part of the Apollo program, two have walked on the Moon, and twelve were part of the Space Shuttle program.

Astronauts
Note: "Class year" refers to the alumni's class year, which usually is the same year they graduated. However, in times of war, classes often graduate early.

References
General

Inline citations

External links
NASA home page

American astronauts
West Point
Academy alumni, famous list
United States Army officers
As


Business Today is a Philippine television public affairs show broadcast by GMA Network. Hosted by Karen Davila, Rico Hizon, Dong Puno and Mon Isberto, it premiered on October 1, 1990. The show concluded on March 29, 1996.

1990 Philippine television series debuts
1996 Philippine television series endings
English-language television shows
GMA Network original programming
GMA Integrated News and Public Affairs shows
Philippine television shows


"Chuck Versus the Undercover Lover" aired on January 24, 2008. It is the 12th episode of the first season of Chuck, and aired alongside "Chuck Versus the Marlin" to close out the season. Casey is forced to revisit his past when his presumed-dead girlfriend resurfaces. Meanwhile, Ellie and Awesome have a fight, and it falls upon Morgan to help them patch things up.

Plot summary

Main plot

In 2004, John Casey is in Chechnya undercover as an energy consultant, staying with his AP photographer girlfriend, Ilsa (Ivana Miličević). She goes out with her camera, leaving him to sleep in and enters a restaurant just as a bomb explodes. Casey is jarred from bed and runs out to find the plaza near the hotel in chaos. All that's left of Ilsa is the charred remains of her camera. Four years later, it is revealed a digital camera triggered Casey's memory. He is about to attack an angry customer who is berating him when Chuck intervenes. Chuck goes to the storage cage and kicks out Jeff, who is stealing celebrity hotel room phone numbers from the hotel's computer, which is in for repairs. Chuck flashes on one name in the register, and as more names trigger additional flashes he begins writing them down, except for one: Ilsa Trinchina, who has a connection with Casey. Chuck informs Casey of the flashes, and then teases him with the nickname "Sugar Bear," which he got from Ilsa's file. Casey nearly strangles him in a fit of rage.

Chuck advises Sarah of the flashes, and what he saw about Casey. Sarah's own interest is piqued and she agrees to check into it. The team is ordered by Beckman to head to the hotel to investigate. Chuck begins to tease Casey again about Ilsa, but he storms out angrily. Sarah tells Chuck that she discovered Ilsa was dead. They reach the hotel, where Chuck and Sarah use their cover as hotel staff to get close to a group of Russian mobsters gathered in town, on whom Chuck flashes. One of the mobsters mistakenly identifies Chuck as his cousin and pulls him into the celebration. While dancing with the Russians, Chuck sees Ilsa and tries to alert Sarah, but the mobster sees him and believes Chuck is trying to tell him he's interested in Sarah, so she is drawn into the dance as well. Chuck warns Sarah about Ilsa, and the two break away warning Casey they've been compromised. Before they can get out of sight, Casey runs right into Ilsa, and tells her in disbelief he thought she was dead. Ilsa tells him when she woke up after the blast she had no memory of who she was, and could only recall his face. Meanwhile, Chuck flashes on the head of the mobsters, Victor Federov (Pasha D. Lychnikoff). He is in town to marry his fiancé, Ilsa.

Sarah is ordered to monitor Federov, while Chuck and Casey return to the Buy More. Chuck tries to get Casey to open up, but he initially rebuffs him. After some more pestering, Casey finally tells Chuck about how he and Ilsa met, surprising Chuck that Casey is capable of real emotion. He asks why Chuck is so interested, and Chuck admits that if even Casey can find love, maybe there's hope for him as well. Casey is prepared to give up - if Ilsa was the good woman he thought, she wouldn't be with Federov. Chuck then reminds him that she didn't know what Casey did when they were together, so maybe she doesn't know about Federov. The two head back to the hotel, and tell a suspicious Sarah they've come to help. She goes to plant a bug in Federov's room and asks the two of them to monitor the surveillance. Ilsa is alone in the bar, and Chuck convinces Casey to go see her. Meanwhile, Sarah runs into trouble when the one of the mob enforcers recognizes her from the party, and she is forced to knock him out and hide him. Sarah calls Casey to plant the bug, but Chuck goes instead. He sneaks into Federov's room and, while planting the bug, sees Ilsa's briefcase. He opens a secret compartment and flashes, learning that  Ilsa is not who she says she is, and is actually a French spy.

Ilsa returns to her room and Chuck is forced to hide under the bed. She brings Casey into the room and the two are about to have sex when Chuck's phone rings and alerts Casey to his presence. Chuck warns him about his flash, but Ilsa already has a gun on him. Before any explanations can be made, a very drunk Federov returns to have sex with Ilsa, but he passes out. Ilsa helps Chuck and Casey escape. She later approaches Casey at the Buy More and admits she was never caught in the bomb blast, and works for the French Secret Service assigned to bring down Federov. She apologizes to Casey for her dishonesty, and returns the necklace he gave her in Chechnya. Later, Chuck goes to Casey's apartment and finds him heavily drunk, listening to Neil Diamond, and enjoying a dinner of burnt Hot Pockets. Chuck tries to convince him to fight for Ilsa, but he's resigned to letting her go until they discover a bug in Ilsa's necklace planted by Federov, who knew from the start she was working for the French government. Casey immediately decides he has to save her, and drags Chuck with him.

They contact Sarah and arrive at the hotel but are ambushed in Federov's room and tied back-to-back. Federov intends to marry and murder Ilsa, then fake his death by putting Casey, Ilsa and Chuck on his private plane and letting it crash. After Federov leaves, Casey provokes the guards. Using Chuck to protect his back and also as a weapon, he takes on the henchmen but they are eventually forced out a window and fall several stories into a pool below. Casey emerges from the pool and has guns drawn on him by several of Federov's men as he announces his objection to the wedding. Sarah backs him up, but recognizing she is outnumbered, sets her gun down only to kick it to Ilsa, who ends the stalemate by drawing it on Federov.

Casey and Ilsa share one night together and say goodbye outside Chuck's apartment the next morning (while he incompetently tries to spy on them). After she leaves, Casey tells Chuck that they'll likely never see each other again. Chuck tries to offer Casey consolation saying that at least they have their friendship, but Casey angrily shoves him away into the bushes and walks alone back into his apartment.

Subplot

Ellie and Awesome come into the Buy More. They're greeted by Jeff and Lester, but Morgan takes control to help them decide on a joint anniversary gift. Ellie is interested in a big-screen TV, but Awesome is eyeing a washer and dryer. Both insist their choice will give them more time together - Ellie believes they can watch TV together, while Awesome argues they don't have to worry about laundromats and can stay in more. Ellie gets paged by the hospital and leaves the choice to Devon, who decides on the washer/dryer. When she finds out that he went with his own choice of the washer/dryer, the two get into a fight.

Awesome spends the evening at the Buy More with Morgan, Jeff, Lester, and other Nerd Herders and Green Shirts complaining about relationships over a game of poker, which Awesome wins. Unfortunately he didn't realize that the all-male group was playing strip poker, and hurriedly leaves when the others start undressing. Meanwhile, Sarah is looking for Chuck and arrives at his apartment, where she finds that Ellie is very drunk and upset about the fight. Sarah tries to get away at first but agrees to stay when Ellie begins to freak out about being left alone. Morgan shows up and Sarah uses him as an excuse to leave and find Chuck and Casey.

Morgan tries to help Ellie to bed, but she passes out drunk on the couch. Eventually he gets her to the bedroom where he stays at her insistence. When she wakes up the next morning she initially panics before realizing that nothing actually happened. She thanks Morgan for being there, and especially for not taking advantage of her. Awesome comes in and apologizes. Morgan flinches fearing he's about to be hit, but Awesome knows that it wasn't even possible Ellie would actually sleep with Morgan. Awesome shows Ellie that he got her the TV, and the two make up.

Production

"Chuck Versus the Undercover Lover" was one of two episodes aired on January 24 to close out the season. It was run at 8pm EST, followed by an episode of The Apprentice, with the second episode of Chuck, "Chuck Versus the Marlin", airing at 10pm. These were the last two episodes completed by the time of the 2007 Writers' Strike, which interrupted production of the series. Although Chuck received a full, 22-episode pickup for the rest of the season, Josh Schwartz elected to end with the episodes already filmed rather than restart production.

This was the first episode to reveal significant details of John Casey's personal life. Bosnian actress Ivana Miličević was cast in the role of Casey's former girlfriend Ilsa Trinchina, who he believed was killed in a bombing in Chechnya. Josh Schwartz stated in interviews that this episode would provide a glimpse into what makes Casey Casey, showing that Ilsa's apparent death profoundly affected him.

Production details

Contrary to the subtitles, Sarah does not say "Don't touch me again, pig" in Russian to her assailant in the hotel. She says "Touch me again, and I'll break off not only your finger." ()

Flashes

Chuck flashes on several names in the hotel computer, including Ilsa's, which revealed her connection to Casey.
At the hotel Chuck identifies several of the mobsters with additional flashes.
Chuck flashes on Victor Federov and determines why the mobsters are there.
A flash on the contents of Ilsa's briefcase identifies her as a French intelligence operative.
Chuck flashes on the bug Federov planted on Ilsa's necklace.

Reception

The episode was well received. IGN.com scored it an 8.7 out of 10, particularly citing the development of Casey's character. IGN also praised the revelation of Ilsa's identity and the fight scene with Chuck and Casey tied back-to-back. Some moments were more awkward, but chalked up to the limited rewrites possible due to the writer's strike.

TV Squad enjoyed the break from the Chuck and Sarah relationship and the focus on Casey, and the role-swapping with Sarah as the "straight man" while Casey had his turn to get into trouble with Chuck. They also praised the development of Ellie, Awesome and Morgan. As with IGN, the fight scene with Casey and Chuck tied together was particularly noteworthy.

References to popular culture

 The dance the Russian arms dealers are performing at the hotel is called Kalinka and is a national Russian dance.
 This episode includes many references to the 1942 movie Casablanca including:
 The name of Casey's ex-girlfriend is Ilsa, the same name as Rick's ex-girlfriend in Casablanca; and her future husband's name is Victor, the same as Ilsa's husband in Casablanca.
 Casey's ex-girlfriend gets on a plane seemingly never to see him again, the same as in Casablanca with Rick and Ilsa.
 Chuck says "Don't worry buddy, you'll always have me". In Casablanca the line was "We'll always have Paris".
 Chuck says to Casey: "I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship". The same famous line used in Casablanca by Rick to Captain "Louie" Renault.
 When Ilsa meets Casey in the Buy More, the movie playing on the TV is Casablanca.
 One of the Russian mobsters identified by Chuck has the nickname "Noodles" Romanov in reference to gangster Noodles Romanoff from the children's cartoon Roger Ramjet.
 Chuck calls Casey "Kemosabe," in reference to The Lone Ranger.
 The scene where Chuck and Casey fall out of the hotel window into the pool is a nod to a similar scene from the movie Lethal Weapon 2.
 The morning after scene for Ellie and Morgan contains Morgan sleepily uttering the line "Damn momma, I've got my headgear on." Anthony Michael Hall's Farmer Ted (The Geek) character uttered the same line towards the end of Sixteen Candles.
 The final shot in the episode parallels the final shot of John Wayne in The Searchers, with Casey pushing Chuck out of the frame to occupy the John Wayne role.

References

External links

Undercover Lover
2008 American television episodes


The Little Mashel River is a river in Pierce County, Washington.  It is a tributary of the Mashel River, and enters the Mashel just  downstream from the Eatonville, Washington, city limits. It is noted for its canyon and the three waterfalls.

Course
The Little Mashel begins in a small, unnamed lake located about  southeast of Eatonville, Washington.  Upon exiting the lake, the river, very small at this point, flows northeast for about  before turning northwest for about , merging with South Fork Little Mashel River about  along the way. There, the river briefly turns southwest, picks up the waters of its only named tributary, Midway Creek, and then turns northwest again.  It flows that way for another  or so until its confluence with the Mashel. A short canyon that sees the river drop over three large, often visited waterfalls lies about  above its mouth.

South Fork
The South Fork Little Mashel River begins about  west of the lake the main fork begins in and flows northwest for about  until it merges with the main fork of the Little Mashel not far upstream from where Midway Creek meets the Little Mashel.

See also
Little Mashel River Waterfalls
List of rivers in Washington

References

External links

Rivers of Washington (state)
Rivers of Pierce County, Washington


KBZY (1490 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Salem, Oregon, United States. The station, established in 1957, has been owned by Louis Risewick since 2020 and broadcasts an oldies format.

History

This station was first licensed August 21, 1947, and held the call sign KOCO. It ran 250 watt and was owned by B. Loring Schmidt. In 1957, its call sign was changed to KBZY. KBZY increased its daytime power to 1,000 watts in 1961. The station played a rock-leaning Top 40 format through the 1960s and 1970s.

After more than a quarter-century of continuous ownership, Salem Broadcasting reached an agreement in September 1980 to sell KBZY to Friendship Communications Company. The deal was approved by the FCC on January 16, 1981. This change would prove short-lived as Friendship Communications Company agreed in April 1982 to sell this station to Capital Broadcasting, Inc. The deal was approved by the FCC on June 15, 1982.

In October 1985, James J. Opsitnik contracted to sell KBZY license holder Capital Broadcasting, Inc., to Leroy W. Dittman. The deal was approved by the FCC on November 26, 1985, and the transaction was consummated on January 22, 1986. , Leroy Dittman was the sole voting shareholder in Capital Broadcasting, Inc.

In August 2011, the construction of a KinStar antenna was completed and the transmitter was moved to a new location and put into service. Rick Allen and CE Ron Dot'o built the transmitter plant over the Summer.

Effective December 7, 2020, following the death of Leroy Dittman, Capital Broadcasting sold KBZY to Louis Risewick's Rise 95, LLC for $50,000.

References

External links
FCC History Cards for KBZY

Selection of KBZY music surveys, 1963-1971

BZY
Oldies radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1947
Mass media in Salem, Oregon
1947 establishments in Oregon


Mouchid Iyane Ly (born December 28, 1986, Saint-Louis, Senegal) is a professional Senegalese football player, who currently plays for Al-Ittihad.

Career
Ly began his career with Espoir Saint Louis and joined 2007 to city rival ASC Linguère. After three years with ASC Linguère in the Senegal Premier League was in January 2009 loaned out to Shenzhen Shangqingyin.

International career
He was a member of Senegal national football team for 2009 African Championship of Nations.

References

1986 births
Living people
Senegalese men's footballers
Senegalese expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Syria
Expatriate men's footballers in China
Al-Ittihad SC Aleppo players
Shenzhen F.C. players
Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in China
Chinese Super League players
ASC Linguère players
Men's association football forwards
Sportspeople from Saint-Louis, Senegal
Syrian Premier League players
2009 African Nations Championship players
Senegal men's A' international footballers

Mouchid was elected best Senegalese player in 2009 by national press. He was top scorer as well the same season


The Alabama Crimson Tide gymnastics is a Division I gymnastics team representing the University of Alabama in NCAA competition. The Tide hosts its home matches in Coleman Coliseum on the university's Tuscaloosa, Alabama campus.  One of only seven gymnastics teams to win the national title, the Crimson Tide has won six NCAA championships, ten SEC championships, and an NCAA-record 32 Regional championships.  The team is led by first-year head coach Ashley Priess-Johnston, who succeeded Dana Duckworth following the 2022 season.

History

The early years
With the passage of the 1972 Title 9 Amendment which provided for the inclusion of women in sports, The University of Alabama Gymnastics team existed as a club sport. With the first team acting as a club sport In 1972, The University of Alabama Gymnastics Team existed and competed with such teams as Jacksonville State until it was later sanctioned as a viable gymnastic team in 1975.

The University of Alabama's first gymnastics team debuted in 1975 and began with a loss to Georgia College. The team moved along in relative obscurity, going through four coaches in four years, until the summer of 1978 when Sarah Campbell was announced as the fifth head coach of the Crimson Tide. Her first team finished the year 7-7 and she followed up in 1980 with the first winning season in school history. In 1983, the Crimson Tide made its first championship appearance in Salt Lake City, Utah after winning the South Region, defeating the Florida Gators.

The eighties
Alabama blossomed into a perennial contender under Sarah Patterson and continued to qualify for nationals as well as producing numerous All-Americans. Penney Hauschild became the Tide's first NCAA Champion in 1985 when she won the uneven bars as well as capturing the All-Around title, becoming the first non-Utah gymnast to do so. She would defend her All-Around title in 1986 while also winning the floor title.

The Crimson Tide continued to advance throughout the decade and finally won their first NCAA title in 1988.  The Tide marched into Salt Lake City and defeated host Utah (189.50) and defending champion Georgia (186.80) with a commanding 190.05. 1988 also marked the Tide's first SEC title, when the competition was hosted in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

The nineties
The 1990s began with a bang for the Tide as Alabama was crowned the 1990 SEC Champions. The team won its second national title in 1991 before a home crowd in Tuscaloosa. A rivalry between Alabama and Georgia, which endures to this day, began around this time. Patterson and Georgia coach Suzanne Yoculan hosted frequent dual meets between their teams to inspire the rivalry. The Tide first sold out Coleman Coliseum on February 1, 1997, when 15,043 fans watched Alabama take on Georgia; the Tide continues to report some of the highest fan turnout of any program, with an average attendance at home meets in 2014 of 12,826 (second only to Utah).

In 1995, the Tide won their third SEC Tournament championship in Gainesville.  Alabama went into their final rotation in fourth place before scoring the highest team vault total in NCAA history as all their gymnasts scored 9.9 or higher, with junior Kim Kelly capping off the night with a perfect 10.

Alabama finished the 1996 season with their third national championship, recording a record team score of 198.025. However, 1997 saw the Crimson Tide fail to reach the Super Six for the first time since 1983.

The new millennium
Alabama captured their fourth SEC title in 2000, but only managed a fifth-place finish at nationals that year, improving to fourth in 2001. The Tide looked dangerous once again in 2002 as Andreé Pickens, Raegan Tomasek, Alexis Brion, Kristin Sterner, and freshman Jeana Rice led the Tide to a fourth national championship at home in Tuscaloosa, defeating two-time defending national champion UCLA. In 2003, the Tide won their fifth SEC title with the youngest squad in program history, with seven freshman, three sophomores, three juniors and one senior. Nationally, Rice won the All Around in 2004 while freshman Ashley Miles won the first of her three national titles on vault. The Crimson Tide added their first Olympian to the team with Terin Humphrey, a two-time silver medalist at the 2004 Olympics, who joined Alabama in 2005 and would go on to win two national uneven bar titles.

In 2007, the Tide marked their first absence from the Super Six since 1997. In 2009, Alabama was the first gymnastics program to draw two crowds of over 15,000 in one season. They finished the season in second place behind Georgia, their best result since 2005.

The 2010s
Alabama maintained a rank of No. 1 throughout the 2010 regular season, but struggled at the SEC championships and finished the night as runners up behind Florida. Despite putting on one of the top performances of the preliminaries, Alabama stumbled in their first rotation at Nationals, sinking as low as sixth place during the final competition before rallying back to finish 3rd.

The Tide began the 2011 season with eight freshmen on the team, making it the largest class in school history and accounting for nearly half the roster. The Tide finished the regular season at 11–1, and won the 2011 SEC Championship, taking down No. 1 Florida in the process. Alabama entered the Super Six that year as the No. 1 seed and defeated defending champions UCLA with a winning score of 197.650, their highest Super Six score since 1996. The Tide defeated the overwhelming favorite Florida to win a second consecutive title in 2012 with a score of 197.850.

Alabama entered the 2013 postseason primed for a close battle with Florida in the Super Six, but uncharacteristic mistakes saw Alabama slip to third place behind Oklahoma, while Florida won its first national title. As the host school in 2014, Alabama won their eighth SEC Championship with a team score of 197.875, but fell to fourth place at Nationals after having to count a fall. Alabama's win at the 2014 Seattle Regional marked Patterson's thousandth career win.

In 2015 Dana Duckworth was announced as the head coach after Sarah Patterson retired. She led them to their second straight SEC title, 9th overall, their 21st regional title and a fourth-place finish at Nationals.

The Power of Pink
The Power of Pink is the name given to one of the Crimson Tide's home meets each season in which all the participants and fans wear pink to support breast cancer awareness.  The first Power of Pink meet, designated the "Drive 4 the Cause" meet, was held in February 2005 at Alabama's home meet against Auburn; Coach Sarah Patterson ordered pink leotards for her team and requested that all fans show up wearing pink.  The meet, now known as the "Pink Meet", is an annual crowd favorite with each following "Pink Meet" selling out.  The movement quickly spread among other NCAA gymnastics teams, with many schools participating in at least one Pink Meet per season, usually in late February or early March.

Among Patterson's early supporters was the local DCH Regional Medical Center, which created the DCH Breast Cancer Fund.  The fund was set up to provide disadvantaged women with means for early detection and treatment for breast cancer.  Other supporters include the University, community leaders and Tuscaloosa Toyota.  Tuscaloosa Toyota became more and more involved donating free pink shirts to give away at the meets and prize give-aways during the meet. Over a decade of Pink Meets, almost $1.5 million has been raised for cancer research at the DCH Fund. Each Alabama gymnast escorts a breast cancer survivor during team introductions at Pink Meets hosted in Coleman Coliseum.

Head coaches

NCAA titles

Alabama has won 29 individual NCAA championships.

Current roster

Head coach:  Ashley Priess Johnston
Assistant coaches:  Justin Spring, Gina Quinlan
Volunteer assistant coach: Kyana George
Strength and conditioning coach: Casey Metoyer
Athletic trainer: Monica Decker Kirkpatrick

Team records

Top team total

Top vault total

Top uneven bars total

Top balance beam total

Top floor total

Past Olympians
 Terin Humphrey (2004)
 Dominique Pegg  (2012)
 Kylie Dickson  (2016)
 Shallon Olsen  (2016, 2020)

References

External links
The Official Web Site of Alabama Crimson Tide Gymnastics
GymTide.com Coverage of Alabama Gymnastics


Cheche Lazaro Presents is a Philippine television documentary series broadcast by GMA Network. Hosted by Cheche Lazaro, it premiered on February 14, 1999 and concluded on June 22, 2003. The show aired occasionally on ABS-CBN from 2010 to 2014.

References

1999 Philippine television series debuts
2014 Philippine television series endings
ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs shows
ABS-CBN original programming
Filipino-language television shows
GMA Network original programming
GMA Integrated News and Public Affairs shows
Philippine documentary television series