Jonathan St-Pierre (born September 15, 1983) is a former professional Canadian football offensive lineman. He was drafted by the Saskatchewan Roughriders in the second round of the 2008 CFL Draft. St-Pierre played college football for the Illinois State Redbirds. He was traded to the Toronto Argonauts on January 6, 2010, for non-import wide receiver Obed Cétoute.

On September 5, 2012, St-Pierre was released by the Toronto Argonauts. On September 25 he signed onto the practice roster of the Calgary Stampeders.

St-Pierre retired from professional football on January 30, 2013.

References

External links
Calgary Stampeders bio
Toronto Argonauts bio
Saskatchewan Roughriders bio

1983 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Longueuil
Players of Canadian football from Quebec
Canadian football offensive linemen
Illinois State Redbirds football players
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Toronto Argonauts players
Calgary Stampeders players


Leaf-toed gecko is a common name for some species and genera of gecko and refers to a divided, expanded adhesive pad at the distal end of the toe, resembling a ginkgo leaf. Members of the following genera are commonly called "leaf-toed" geckos:

 African leaf-toed geckos, Afrogecko, Kolekanos, and Ramigekko
 American leaf-toed geckos, Phyllodactylus, a genus whose name is literally "leaf-toed"
 Indochinese leaf-toed geckos, Dixonius
 Madagascar leaf-toed geckos, Ebenavia and Paroedura
 Southwest Asian leaf-toed geckos, Asaccus
 European leaf-toed gecko, Euleptes europaea
 Fan-footed geckos, Ptyodactylus
 Dwarf leaf-toed geckos, Goggia
 Péringuey's Coastal Leaf-toed Gecko (Cryptactites peringueyi), South Africa

The family Phyllodactylidae is also referred to as the "leaf-toed geckos" even though not all members of the family share this unique adaptation.

References


Noreen Ford Dilcock (born 28 March 1907 in Kingston upon Hull, England - d. 1985 in Walsall, England, United Kingdom) was a British writer of romance novels from 1952 to 1977 under different pseudonyms: Norrey Ford, Jill Christian and Christian Walford.

She was the second elected Chairman (1963–1965) of the Romantic Novelists' Association and also was a former vice-president of the organization. She was the Walsall Writers' Circle founder and life president.

Biography
Noreen "Norrey" Ford born on 28 March 1907 in Kingston upon Hull, England, UK. Her parents were Robert Ford and Esther Richardson. She studied at Hull's French Convent, Ravensworth School and Appleton-le-Moors. She married James Louis Christian Dilcock (1911–2000), a Midland judge and lay preacher at Walsall's St Paul's Church. The marriage spent much time travelling the world. Norren died on 1985 in Walsall, and her ashes were scattered over the fells by the Lake District.

Bibliography

As Norrey Ford

Magazine article
Teas provided, Housewife magazine (1946)

Single novels
Where Love Is (1952)
Romantic Heart (1953)
My Gentle Enemy (1953)
Dragon Castle (1954)
The Mistress of High Trees (1955)
The Rainbow in the Spray (1956)
Nurse with a Dream (1957)
Let Love Abide (1957)
Wild Waters (1958)
The House of My Enemy (1959)
The Far Sweet Thing (1960)
Wild Rowan (1961)
Doctor in the Dale (1966)
Rich Man, Poor Man (1968)
Marriage Tree (1969)
Someone Different (1970)
Trouble at Gilmore's (1972)
Call to the Castle (1974)
One Hot Summer (1974)
Walk Tall Country (1974)
Life Most Dear (1974)
Road of the Eagles (1975)
The Love Goddess (1976)
Fountain of Love (1977)

As Jill Christian

Single novels
Bid Me to Love (1952)
Heart in Waiting (1953)
Love in the Morning (1954)
Darling Girl (1954)
Beyond the Frost the Flower (1955)
Harvest of the Heart (1955)
The Chosen One (1956)
Summer Shadow (1958)
This Day and For Ever (1959)
Lad's Love (1960)
The Tender Bond (1961)
The Long Summer Night (1962)
Nurse of My Heart (1963)
The Castle of the Ravens (1967)
Master of This House (1970)
A Scent of Lemons (1972)

Anthologies in collaboration
Return to Love / Stormy Haven / Nurse to Captain Andy (1972) (with Rosalind Brett and Alex Stuart)
Tell Me My Fortune / A Scent Of Lemons / Country Of The Wine (1979) (with Mary Burchell and Mary Wibberley)

As Christian Walford

Single novels
The Little Masters (1969)

References and sources

English romantic fiction writers
1907 births
1985 deaths
Place of death missing
20th-century English novelists


Lacrosse Scotland is the national governing body of lacrosse in Scotland. Previously known as the Scottish Lacrosse Association (SLA), name changed upon incorporation in 2005. It is a member of the Federation of International Lacrosse and the European Lacrosse Federation. It sends representative teams to participate in the Men's World Lacrosse Championship and the Women's Lacrosse World Cup. In the Men's 2006 World Lacrosse Championship, the national team placed eleventh out of twenty-one competing countries, and at the 2005 Women's World Cup, the national women's team placed seventh out of ten countries. Scotland also participates in both the men's and women's Under-19 World Championships.

References

External links

Sports governing bodies in Scotland
Lacrosse in Scotland
Scotland
1990 establishments in Scotland


Moriches Bay ( ) is a lagoon system on the south shore of Long Island, New York. The name Moriches comes from Meritces, a Native American who owned land on Moriches Neck.

Two townships in Suffolk, New York (Brookhaven and the Southampton) share its shoreline.

Moriches Bay is east of the Mastic Narrows and Great South Bay and west of Shinnecock Bay. The bay is  east of New York City.

Moriches Bay has a body of water of  of aquatic environment.

This includes Moneybogue Bay and Quantuck Bay, its salt marshes, dredged material islands, and intertidal flats.

This body of water is between the Outer barrier islands and Long Island mainland. Its flow comes from the Moriches and Shinnecock Inlets)

The western boundary of this bay is the Smith Point Bridge; the eastern boundary is the eastern edge of Quantuck Bay.
This bayside habitat includes the tidal creeks and marshes feeding into Moriches Bay from the Long Island mainland.

A thriving habitat off the Atlantic Ocean, the Moriches Bay is used by Long Islanders for local fishing.
It is a natural habitat for shellfish,  migrating and wintering waterfowl, colonial nesting waterbirds, beach-nesting birds, migratory shorebirds, raptors, and rare plants.

The Great South Bay and Moriches Bay seabeds up to the barrier beach are owned by the towns through a grant by the British monarch long before the existence of the United States. It has been repeatedly adjudicated (even to the U.S. Supreme Court) that the land grants in the Dongan (Governor of New York) patents (Islip, Brookhaven, Southampton and East Hampton Towns, 1686) are valid. However, since 1968 the federal government has been attempting to take title of and lay claim to, by adverse possession, the bay bottoms of Islip and Brookhaven towns extending outward from the barrier beach.

See also
Outer Barrier
Moriches Inlet
Patchogue Bay
Suffolk NY
South Shore Estuary

References

Brookhaven, New York
Lagoons of New York (state)
Southampton (town), New York
Bays of Suffolk County, New York


John Anthony Cooper (born February 16, 1969) is an American college basketball coach who is an assistant coach at Oklahoma State. He was the head men's basketball coach at Miami University, accepting the position on April 6, 2012 after Charlie Coles announced his retirement. He was let go by the university at the end of the 2016–17 season. Prior to accepting the Job at Miami, Cooper was the head coach at Tennessee State University from 2009–2012.

Head coaching record

References

1969 births
Living people
Basketball coaches from Missouri
American expatriate basketball people in the Netherlands
Auburn Tigers men's basketball coaches
Basketball players from Kansas City, Missouri
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Fayetteville State Broncos basketball coaches
Fort Wayne Fury players
Miami RedHawks men's basketball coaches
Oregon Ducks men's basketball coaches
South Carolina Gamecocks men's basketball coaches
Tennessee State Tigers basketball coaches
Wichita State Shockers men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Forwards (basketball)


De Vlaamse Pijl () is a Belgian road bicycle race held annually since 1968. The race starts and ends in Harelbeke. From 2005 until 2012, it was rated as a 1.2 event on the UCI Europe Tour, however in 2013 the race was no longer held separately but became part of the Driedaagse van West-Vlaanderen stage race.

Winners

References

External links

UCI Europe Tour races
Cycle races in Belgium
Recurring sporting events established in 1968
1968 establishments in Belgium
Sport in Harelbeke


The eighth season of Family Guy first aired on the Fox network in twenty-one episodes from September 27, 2009, to May 23, 2010, before being released as two DVD box sets and in syndication. It ran on Sunday nights between May and July 2010 on BBC Three in the UK. The animated television series Family Guy follows the dysfunctional Griffin family—father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and dog Brian, all of whom reside in their hometown of Quahog.

Starting with this season, the show is animated using Toon Boom Harmony.

As of season eight, the series entered its seventh production season. Production season seven was executive produced by Chris Sheridan, David Goodman, Danny Smith, Mark Hentemann, Steve Callaghan and series creator Seth MacFarlane. The season's showrunners were Hentemann and Callaghan, both of whom replaced previous showrunners Goodman and Sheridan. It was the last Family Guy season to be broadcast in 4:3 and in standard definition.

The season received negative reviews from critics, who cited a lack of original writing. More positive assessments revolved around the "tail end of the season," which "threw out all its old conventions and tried something remarkably different." Season eight contains some of the series' most acclaimed episodes, including "Road to the Multiverse", "Something, Something, Something, Dark Side" and "Dog Gone", as well as some of the most controversial episodes, including "Extra Large Medium", "Brian & Stewie", "Quagmire's Dad" and "Partial Terms of Endearment," which was banned from being aired on American TV, but has been released on DVD (as both a standalone episode and as part of the complete season set) and saw broadcast in the UK on BBC3. It was the recipient of a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation and a Genesis Award for television comedy, and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics.

The Volume Eight DVD box set was released in Region 1 on June 15, 2010, Region 2 on November 1, 2010 and Region 4 on August 17, 2010. Eight of the twenty-one episodes are included in the volume. The remaining eleven episodes of the season were released on the Volume Nine DVD box set in Region 1 on December 13, 2011, and was released in Region 2 on May 9, 2011, and Region 4 on June 15, 2011. Two other episodes were released independently on DVD.

Production

Production for the eighth season began in 2008, during the airing of the seventh season. The season was executive produced by series regulars Chris Sheridan, David Goodman, Danny Smith, Mark Hentemann and Steve Callaghan, along with series creator Seth MacFarlane. The showrunners for the eighth season were Hentemann and Callaghan, who replaced Goodman and Sheridan, following the conclusion of the seventh production season.

As production began, Callaghan, Andrew Goldberg, Mark Hentemann, Patrick Meighan, Brian Scully, Chris Sheridan, Danny Smith, Alec Sulkin, John Viener and Wellesley Wild all stayed on from the previous season. Spencer Porter received his first writing credit for the series. Former recurring writers Kirker Butler and Gary Janetti returned to the series, with Butler leaving immediately afterward to work on The Cleveland Show. Matt Fleckenstein, who wrote two episodes for the show, left the series before the beginning of the eighth season.

Joseph Lee received his first directing credit for the series. Dominic Bianchi, Greg Colton, John Holmquist, Brian Iles, Jerry Langford, Pete Michels, James Purdum, Cyndi Tang and Julius Wu all stayed with the show from the previous season. "Blue Harvest" director Dominic Polcino briefly returned to the series to direct the episode's sequel, entitled "Something, Something, Something, Dark Side". Former recurring director Mike Kim left the series.

The main cast consisted of Seth MacFarlane (Peter Griffin, Stewie Griffin, Brian Griffin, Quagmire and Tom Tucker, among others), Alex Borstein (Lois Griffin, Loretta Brown, Tricia Takanawa and Barbara Pewterschmidt, among others), Mila Kunis (Meg Griffin), Seth Green (Chris Griffin and Neil Goldman, among others) and Mike Henry (Cleveland Brown and Herbert, among others).

Several new characters were introduced in season eight. The character of Jerome—Peter, Joe and Quagmire's official, yet temporary replacement for Cleveland Brown, who left the series to star in his own spin-off entitled The Cleveland Show—was introduced in the episode "Jerome is the New Black". He was voiced by The Cleveland Show cast member Kevin Michael Richardson. Quagmire's dad, Dan Quagmire, later renamed Ida after undergoing sex reassignment surgery, was also introduced, and voiced by series creator Seth MacFarlane, as well as Quagmire's daughter, named Anna Lee, voiced by Mae Whitman. Other guest stars who made multiple appearances as recurring characters from previous seasons were Carrie Fisher as Peter's boss Angela and Mike Henry as Cleveland Brown, who briefly returned in "The Splendid Source".

During the sixth season, episodes of Family Guy were delayed from regular broadcast due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. Series creator and executive producer Seth MacFarlane sided with the Writers Guild and participated in the strike until its conclusion. Because of this the seventh season consisted entirely of hold-overs. "Road to the Multiverse" was the first episode to be produced and aired after the strike ended. The season featured the series' 150th official episode, entitled "Brian & Stewie", which broke from the show's usual reliance on cutaways and cultural references and featured only Brian and Stewie trapped together in a vault. The season included a banned episode, entitled "Partial Terms of Endearment" for the first time since season three's "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein." The episode centered on Lois becoming a surrogate mother and being conflicted over whether or not to abort her best friend's baby, after her best friend dies. The episode was independently released on DVD on September 28, 2010, shortly after the ninth season premiere of Family Guy.

Episodes

Reception
The eighth-season premiere received a 5.2 rating share in the Nielsen ratings among viewers age 18 to 49, attracting 10.17 million viewers overall, the highest rated episode of the season. Both of these figures were significantly higher than those of the seventh-season finale. In the weeks following "Road to the Multiverse", viewership ratings hovered around 7 million. Aside from the premiere, "Family Goy", the second episode for the season, garnered the most views with 9.66 million, a high for the remainder of the eighth season. The episode "Dial Meg for Murder" received the fewest viewers for the season with 6.21 million viewers.

Episodes of the eighth season were nominated for and won several awards. On July 8, 2010, the song entitled "Down Syndrome Girl" from "Extra Large Medium" was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music and Lyrics at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards. Series creator Seth MacFarlane and composer Walter Murphy were nominated for their work on the song's lyrics and music. On July 24, 2010, MacFarlane gave a live performance of the song at the San Diego Comic-Con International, to an audience of nearly 4,200 attendees. At the Creative Arts Awards on August 21, 2010, "Down Syndrome Girl" lost to the USA Network series Monk. Greg Colton, director of "Road to the Multiverse", was awarded the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation for storyboarding the episode. In February 2010, "Dog Gone" won the Sid Caesar Comedy Award, at the annual Genesis Awards, for television comedy.

The Parents Television Council, a frequent critic of Family Guy, branded "Family Goy", "Dial Meg for Murder", "Extra Large Medium", "Go Stewie Go", "Brian & Stewie" and "Quagmire's Dad" as the "worst show of the week," a title frequently given to the series by the group. In response to the group's criticism, executive producer David Goodman claimed that Family Guy is "absolutely for adults", and that he does not allow his own children to watch the show.

The season received negative reviews from critics. Ramsey Isler of IGN wrote mixed comments about the season, saying, "There was a time when  was one of the funniest shows on TV; it was comedy gold. But somewhere along the line, the show's shine faded, its image was tarnished, and the magic disappeared", but added, "That's not to say that FG hasn't been good at all lately. Season 8 certainly had a few good episodes including the season opener, "Road to the Multiverse", which had a clever premise that was executed well. But after the first episode, the quality of the stories started to decline". He listed "Brian's Got a Brand New Bag", "Jerome Is the New Black", "Go Stewie Go", "Peter-assment" and "April in Quahog" as the worst episodes of the season. Isler praised the "tail end of the season", however, citing "Brian & Stewie" as "one of the better efforts the show has ever put out." In his review for the Family Guy volume eight DVD, Frank Rizzo of DVD Talk said, "The episodes stand on their own, whether you care about the dependence on easy gags and gimmicky concepts or not, because they are simply funny." Rizzo commented on the DVD release: "Fans of Family Guy, or any of MacFarlane's series for that matter, have to be concerned that the very reason the series continues to air, the DVDs the fans buy, are getting diluted and weakened, especially when you're getting less extras, less MacFarlane, and, for the first time, less of the commentaries that give you a peek into the show's creation.".

Home media release
The remaining episodes of the seventh season and the first eight episodes of the eighth season were released on DVD as Volume Eight by 20th Century Fox in the United States and Canada on June 15, 2010. The DVD release features bonus material including two featurettes, "Road to "Road to the Multiverse"" and "Family Guy Sings-A-Long Karaoke", along with audio commentaries and deleted scenes.

See also

Notes

References
General
Family Guy season eight episode guide. IGN. Retrieved 2010-07-02.

Specific

External links

 Season 8 at IMDb

Family Guy seasons
2009 American television seasons
2010 American television seasons


Lacrosse in Scotland is primarily played by women and is nationally governed by Lacrosse Scotland.

History
The first modern women’s lacrosse game was played in 1890 at the St Leonards School in Scotland, where women's lacrosse had been introduced by Louisa Lumsden.  Lumsden brought the game to Scotland after watching a men's lacrosse game between the Canghuwaya Indians and the Montreal Lacrosse Club. Lumsden, in a letter written home from the White Mountains in New Hampshire dated 6 September 1884, recounted her visit to watch that match. She wrote: It is a wonderful game, beautiful and graceful. (I was so charmed with it that I introduced it at St Leonards.)" [sic]

One of Lumsden's students, Rosabelle Sinclair, established the first women's lacrosse team in the United States was at the Bryn Mawr School in Baltimore, Maryland.

Scotland was a founder member of the International Federation of Women's Lacrosse Associations in 1972, which merged with the International Lacrosse Federation (the former governing body for men's lacrosse) to form the Federation of International Lacrosse (FIL) in August 2008.

Prior to the Lockerbie air disaster in December 1988, the men's game had not been represented in Scotland since the turn of the 20th century.  The tragedy of Pan Am Flight 103 saw many Syracuse University students perish and on a memorial visit one year later the University's lacrosse team were surprised that there was no Scotland Men's National Team for them to compete against.  The country was challenged to pull together an inaugural and bona fide team; this was achieved some eight months later and following the 1990 World Championships the men's team played their first representative match.  Scotland has now played memorial games against Syracuse during visits to Lockerbie to pay their respects to those lost in the air disaster, and hope this fixture will continue into the future.

In 1993, Edinburgh hosted the Women's Lacrosse World Cup.

References

Scotland


The 141st Infantry Regiment ("1st Texas Infantry") is an infantry regiment in the United States Army. The lineage of the 141st includes units tracing origins to the Texas Revolution, such as Company A, First Texas, 1836, and other infantry companies of the First Texas formed in the 1870s and 1880s.

History

World War II

On 24 October 1944, the 1st Battalion, 141st Infantry Regiment of the 36th Division was given the assignment to clear a ridge deep in the Vosges but was then cut off by the Germans. Flanking units had received an order to withdraw, but that order failed to reach the 1st Battalion. The other two battalions of the 141st were unable to break through. The 100th Battalion, 442nd Regimental Combat Team, composed primarily of Japanese-Americans, was ordered to relieve the Lost Battalion. More men were lost in the 442nd during the rescue operation than there were to save in the 1st Battalion of the 141st.

Postwar years
In 1973 the 49th Armored Division was reactivated, with the first and third battalions of the 141st Infantry (mechanized) assigned to the 1st Brigade. The 2/141 was mechanized and assigned to the 3d Brigade of the 49th Armored Division. By 1979, all three battalions of the 141st were assigned to the 1st Brigade, 49th Armored Division. In 1984, the 1/141 and 2/141 continued to be assigned to the 49th Armored, and 3d/141st was assigned to Texas National Guard Troop Command. In 1995, 2/141 was demobilized and the 3/141 was assigned to the 36th Brigade of the 49th Armored Division.

As part of the 2004 reorganization of the 49th Armored Division into the 36th Infantry Division the 141st Infantry is now part of the latter division as part of the 72nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team.

Lineage
Constituted 18 February 1823 in the Mexican National Militia as the Texas Regiment
 Organized 22 June 1824 as the Austin Colony Battalion of Militia with headquarters at San Felipe de Austin to consist of the following companies:
 1st Company, Captain Andrew Robinson
 2d Company, Captain Horatio Chriesman
 3d Company, Captain Randal Jones
 4th Company, Captain Jesse Burnam
 5th Company, Captain Amos Rawls.
 Reorganized and redesignated 23 June 1828 as the Austin Battalion, Coahuila y Texas Militia
 Reorganized and redesignated 5 October 1832 as the 2d Battalion, Militia of the Municipality Regiment
 Reorganized and redesignated 6 December 1836 as the Harrisburg County Regiment.
(Republic of Texas annexed to the United States 29 December 1845)
 Harrisburg County Regiment reorganized 21 April 1846 and assigned to the 2d Brigade, 3d Division, Texas Militia
 Mustered into Federal service 4–7 July 1846 at Galveston, Texas as Companies C and E, 1st Texas Foot Riflemen; mustered out of Federal service 24 August 1846 in Mexico
 Reorganized and redesignated 14 February 1860 as the 16th (Harris) Brigade, Texas State Troops
 The following companies of the 16th Brigade reorganized and mustered into state service February 1861-June 1862:
 San Jacinto Guards
 Confederate Guards
 Bayland Guards
 Confederate Greys
 Palmer Guards
 Bayou City Guards
 Turner Rifles
 Rough and Ready Company
 Houston Artillery
 Milam Rifles
 Harrisburg Guards.
While remaining in state service, the following units additionally organized for Confederate service:
 San Jacinto Guards, Confederate Guards, Bayland Guards and the Confederate Greys reorganized 23 February 1861 and mustered into Confederate service 31 July 1861 as Companies A, B, C and D, respectively, of the Galveston Infantry Regiment; Galveston Infantry Regiment mustered into Confederate service 31 July 1861 at Galveston
 Reorganized and redesignated September 1861 as the 1st Texas Infantry and assigned to the Department of Texas, Trans-Mississippi Department
 Redesignated 10 October 1861 as the 2d Texas Infantry Regiment; surrendered 4 July 1863 at Vicksburg, Paroled 11 July 1863; exchanged 12 September 1863
 Reorganized in Texas during the fall of 1863
 Disbanded 21 May 1865 at Galveston
Turner Rifles, Rough and Ready Company and the Houston Artillery mustered into Confederate service during the summer of 1861; concurrently, reorganized and redesignated as the 3d Texas Artillery Battalion, and assigned to the District of Texas,
 Trans-Mississippi Department; reorganized and redesignated 28 April 1862 as the 1st Texas Heavy Artillery; surrendered 26 May 1865 at Galveston
 Palmer Guards and the Bayou City Guards reorganized and redesignated 28 August-30 September 1861 at Camp Quantico and Rockets, Virginia as Company C, 1st Texas Infantry Regiment and Company A, 5th Texas Infantry Regiment, respectively;
 reorganized 22 October 1861 at Dumfries, Virginia and assigned to the 5th Brigade (Texas Brigade), Smith's Division, Army of Northern Virginia; 1st and 5th Texas Infantry Regiments, Texas Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia, paroled 9 April 1865 at Appomattox, Virginia
 Former elements of the 16th Brigade reorganized and redesignated in the Texas Militia 19 March 1873 as the following separate companies:
 Lone Star Rifles (Galveston)
 Island City Rifles (Galveston)
 Washington Guards (Galveston)
 Galveston Artillery Company (Galveston)
 Travis Rifles (Travis)
 Austin Greys (Travis)
 Austin City Rifles (Travis)
 Houston Light Guard (Harris)
 Texas Old Guard (Harris)
 Bayou City Guards (Harris)
 Alamo Rifles (Béxar)
 Lamar Rifles (Dallas)
 Stonewall Greys (Dallas)
 Comanche Guards (Comanche)
 Waco Greys (McLennan)
 Star Riflemen (Nueces)
 Smith County Guards (Smith)
 Fannin Light Guards (Fannin)
 Palestine Riflemen (Anderson)
 Kerrville Mounted Rifles (Kerr)
 Lavaca Greys (Calhoun)
 Gonzales Rifles (Gonzales)
 San Marcos Greys (Hays)
Reorganized and redesignated 24 June 1874 as a Regiment of Reserve Militia
 Reorganized in 1876 as the 1st Battalion, Texas Volunteers
 Reorganized and redesignated 6 April 1880 as the 2d Regiment of Infantry, Texas Volunteer Guard.
Elements reorganized and redesignated 10–12 May 1898 as the 1st Texas Volunteer Infantry and mustered into Federal service at Austin; mustered out of Federal service 18 April 1899 at Galveston
 Expanded, reorganized, and redesignated 1 July 1903 as the 1st and 2d Infantry Regiments (concurrently, Texas Volunteer Guard redesignated as the Texas National Guard)
 (1st Infantry Regiment reorganized 1 January 1908 as separate infantry companies [see ANNEX])
 2d Infantry Regiment mustered into Federal service 18 May 1916; mustered out of Federal service 23 March 1917
 Called into Federal service 31 March 1917; mustered into Federal service 11–12 April 1917; drafted into Federal service 5 August 1917
 Consolidated 12 October 1917 with the 1st Infantry Regiment (see ANNEX); and consolidated unit designated as the 141st Infantry, an element of the 36th Division
 Demobilized 3 July 1919 at Camp Travis, Texas
 Reorganized in 1921 as the 141st Infantry, an element of the 36th Division; Headquarters Federally recognized 24 June 1922 at Hillsboro
 Location of headquarters changed 13 July 1928 to Brenham; on 27 February 1933 to Houston; on 1 September 1933 to San Antonio
 Inducted into Federal service 25 November 1940 at San Antonio.
(36th Division reorganized and redesignated 1 February 1942 as the 36th Infantry Division)
 Inactivated 22 December 1945 at Camp Patrick Henry, Virginia
 Reorganized and Federally recognized 23 October 1946 as the 141st Infantry, with headquarters at San Antonio
 Reorganized 16 March 1959 as a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System, to consist of the 1st Battle Group, an element of the 36th Infantry Division
 Reorganized 1 March 1963 to consist of the 1st and 2d Battalions, elements of the 36th Infantry Division
 Reorganized 1 November 1965 to consist of the 1st and 2d Battalions, elements of the 36th Infantry Brigade
 Reorganized 15 January 1968 to consist of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Battalions, elements of the 36th Infantry Brigade
 Reorganized 1 November 1973 to consist of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Battalions, elements of the 49th Armored Division.
Withdrawn 1 August 1987 from the Combat Arms Regimental System and reorganized under the United States Army Regimental System with headquarters at San Antonio
 (3d Battalion ordered into active Federal service 7 December 1990 at home stations; released from active Federal service 22 April 1991 and reverted to state control)
 Reorganized 1 September 1992 to consist of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Battalions, elements of the 49th Armored Division
 Reorganized 1 September 1994 to consist of the 1st and 3d Battalions, elements of the 49th Armored Division
 (1st Battalion ordered into active Federal service 6 October 2001 at home stations)
 Reorganized 1 May 2004 to consist of the 1st and 3d Battalions, elements of the 36th Infantry Division
 (3d Battalion ordered into active Federal service 7 March 2005; released from active Federal service 2 September 2006 and reverted to state control)
 (1st Battalion ordered into active Federal service 18 August 2005; released from active Federal service 13 February 2007 and reverted to state control)

Annex 1
Former Companies B, D, and K, 1st Infantry Regiment, reorganized 1 January 1908 in the Texas National Guard from existing elements as a separate infantry battalion
 Reorganized and redesignated 9 November 1911 as Separate Companies B, D, and K
 Expanded and reorganized in June 1917 to form the 1st Infantry Regiment
 Drafted into Federal service 5 August 1917

Distinctive unit insignia

Description
A silver color metal and enamel device 1 3/16 inches (3.02 cm) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned: per pale argent and gules, a fleur-de-lis Azure and the badge of the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 4th Army Corps, during the Spanish–American War, Proper fimbriated of the first on a chief dancetté of the third a mullet of the fifth.  Attached above the shield on a wreath Argent and Gules, a mullet Argent encircled by a garland of live oak and olive Proper.  Attached below and to the sides of the shield a Blue scroll inscribed "REMEMBER THE ALAMO" in silver letters.

Symbolism
The colors of the shield are white, red and blue and, with the mullet, allude to the flag of the Texas Republic, under which Company A, the oldest unit, was first organized.  The badge on the sinister side of the shield represents the Cuban Occupation service of the 141st Infantry, Texas National Guard.  The fleur-de-lis represents World War I service. The crest is that of the Texas Army National Guard.

The distinctive unit insignia was approved on 3 March 1931. It was amended to correct the wording in the blazon of the shield on 11 March 1931 and to add the crest of the Texas Army National Guard on 22 January 1969.

Coat of arms

Blazon
 Shield: Per pale argent and gules, a fleur-de-lis azure and the badge of the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 4th Army Corps, during the Spanish–American War, proper fimbriated of the first; on a chief dancetté of the third a mullet of the fifth.
Crest: for the regiments and separate battalions of the Texas Army National Guard, on a wreath of the colors Argent and gules, a mullet Argent encircled by a garland of live oak and olive proper.
Motto: REMEMBER THE ALAMO.

Symbolism
 Shield: colors of shield white, red and blue and, with the mullet, allude to the flag of the Texas Republic under which Company A, the oldest unit, was first organized. The badge on the sinister side of the shield represents the Cuban Occupation service of the 141st Infantry, Texas National Guard. The fleur-de-lis represents World War I service.
 Crest: that of the Texas Army National Guard.

Background
The coat of arms was approved on 5 March 1931 and was amended to correct the blazon of the shield on 11 March 1931.

Campaign streamers
Texas Revolution
 Republic of Texas
 San Jacinto
 The Alamo
Mexican War
 Streamer without inscription
Civil War (Confederate Service)
 Shiloh
 Peninsula
 Second Manassas
 Sharpsburg
 Fredericksburg
 Gettysburg
 Vicksburg
 Chickamauga
 Chattanooga
 Wilderness
 Spotsylvania
 Cold Harbor
 Petersburg
 Appomattox
 Texas 1861
 Virginia 1861
 Mississippi 1862
 New Mexico 1862
 Texas 1862
 Virginia 1862
 Mississippi 1863
 Tennessee 1863
 Texas 1863
 Louisiana 1864
 Texas 1864
 Texas 1865
World War I
 Meuse-Argonne
World War II
 Naples-Foggia (with arrowhead)
 Anzio
 Rome-Arno
 Southern France (with arrowhead)
 Rhineland
 Ardennes-Alsace
 Central Europe
War on Terrorism
 Campaigns to be determined
Company B (San Marcos), 1st Battalion, additionally entitled to:
 World War II
 India-Burm
 Central Burma
Headquarters Company (Weslaco), 3d Battalion, additionally entitled to:
 World War II
 New Guinea
 Bismarck Archipelago (with arrowhead)
 Leyte
 Luzon
 India-Burma
 Central Burma

Decorations
 French Croix de Guerre with Palm, World War II, Streamer embroidered VOSGES
Headquarters Company (San Antonio), 1st Battalion, additionally entitled to:
 Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered EUROPEAN THEATER
Company A (San Antonio), 1st Battalion, additionally entitled to:
 Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered RIVIERA

References

Infantry regiments of the United States Army in World War II
141
1880 establishments in Texas
141
Military units and formations established in 1880


The 2009 Madrid Open (also known as the Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the eighth edition of the Madrid Masters on the ATP and first on the WTA. It was classified as an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 event on the 2009 ATP World Tour and a Premier Mandatory event on the 2009 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Park Manzanares in Madrid, Spain from 9 May until 17 May 2009.

2009 was the first year that the Madrid Masters was played on clay rather than a hard-court surface, which replaced Hamburg Masters (for men) that was now downgraded into an ATP 500 tournament and Berlin (for women) which was now defunct.

ATP entrants

Seeds

Seedings based on the May 4, 2009 rankings.

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the main draw:
  Juan Mónaco
  Juan Carlos Ferrero
  Óscar Hernández
  Ivan Ljubičić

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
  Teymuraz Gabashvili
  Juan Ignacio Chela
  Tommy Haas
  Marco Crugnola
  Guillermo Cañas
  Eduardo Schwank
  Fabio Fognini

The following players received entry into lucky losers:
  Guillermo García López
  Iván Navarro

WTA entrants

Seeds

Seedings based on the May 4, 2009 rankings.

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the main draw:
  Virginia Ruano Pascual
  Nuria Llagostera Vives
  Lourdes Domínguez Lino
  Sílvia Soler Espinosa

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
  Roberta Vinci
  Elena Vesnina
  Mariana Duque Marino
  Aravane Rezaï
  Varvara Lepchenko
  Akgul Amanmuradova
  Vera Dushevina
  Anna-Lena Grönefeld

Finals

Men's singles

 Roger Federer defeated  Rafael Nadal 6–4, 6–4
 It was Federer's first title of the year and the 58th title of his career.

Women's singles

 Dinara Safina defeated  Caroline Wozniacki 6–2, 6–4
 It was Safina's second title of the year and 11th of her career.

Men's doubles

 Daniel Nestor /  Nenad Zimonjić defeated  Simon Aspelin /  Wesley Moodie  6–4, 6–4

Women's doubles

 Cara Black /  Liezel Huber defeated  Květa Peschke /  Lisa Raymond 4–6, 6–3, 10–6

External links
 Official website

References

2009 ATP World Tour
2009 WTA Tour


Paweł Słowiok (born March 31, 1992 in Cieszyn, Poland) is a retired Polish Nordic combined skier. He won the Gundersen (2 jumps, 15 km cross country) in the Youth Winter Olympic Festival 2009 in Szczyrk. He did also came at the second place in the Sprint (1 jump, 7,5 km cross country). He has also competed in the World Cup.

References

External links
www.pawelslowiok.blogspot.com

1992 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Cieszyn
Polish male Nordic combined skiers
Universiade medalists in nordic combined
Nordic combined skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Olympic Nordic combined skiers for Poland
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Poland
Universiade bronze medalists for Poland
Competitors at the 2013 Winter Universiade
Competitors at the 2015 Winter Universiade


Beth Krom (née Weinstein; born December 28, 1958) is a former Irvine, California City Councilmember and was twice elected Mayor of Irvine, as a Democrat. Krom received a B.S. in Education from the University of Texas, Austin.

Krom, the daughter of news anchor Irv Weinstein. was born in Buffalo and attended P.S. 81 in North Buffalo through second grade.  In 1965, her family moved to the nearby suburb of Kenmore, New York where Beth attended Lindbergh Elementary, Kenmore Junior High and Kenmore West High School.

Politics
In 2000 Beth Krom first ran for public office as a candidate for City Council. Out of a field of eleven candidates, she came in third, winning a two-year term. In 2002, she won re-election to the City Council as the top vote-getter and in 2004 she won her first term as Mayor of Irvine. In 2006, Beth Krom was re-elected with almost 60% of the vote, the largest margin of victory for any Mayor in a competitive race to that point in the city’s history.

During her term as Mayor, Irvine was recognized as the Safest Big City in America four years in a row and earned recognition as one of the “100 Best Communities for Young People” twice. In addition, the city’s “rainy day reserves” were tripled to more than $30 million during her term.  Krom and fellow council member, Larry Agran, led the fight to defeat a plan to turn the abandoned El Toro Marine Corps base into a commercial airport.  That land is now the site of the Orange County Great Park, as well as residential housing.

In 2006, Beth Krom was invited to give a commencement address at the University of California, Irvine for the combined schools of Education, Fine Arts and Physical Sciences.

In 2008, with term limits preventing her from running for a third term as Mayor, Beth Krom was again elected to the Irvine City Council, earning the first place spot with a lead of more than 8000 votes over the second-place finisher.

2010 U.S. House campaign

In March 2009, Krom announced her plans to run for Congress in California's 48th congressional district. Her campaign embraced a "Mrs. Krom Goes to Washington" theme to reinforce the importance of engaging people in the democratic process. She was defeated by incumbent Republican John B. T. Campbell III.

2016 temporary Mayor of Irvine

In December 2016, Krom was voted in as temporary Mayor by the Irvine City Council to fill Steven Choi's vacated seat.

References

External links

 About -  Beth Krom - official website

1958 births
Living people
Mayors of Irvine, California
Politicians from Buffalo, New York
University of Texas at Austin College of Education alumni
California city council members
Women city councillors in California
Women mayors of places in California
California Democrats
People from Kenmore, New York
21st-century American women


The Nations Cup tournament was played for the first time at Esher RFC, England, in August 2008. An Under-20 version also took place in Canada a month before.

This was the first of what is planned to be a regular tournament involving major Northern Hemisphere women's rugby nations. The first event was originally promoted as including England, USA, Canada, Wales and France - but by the time the match schedule was published only the first three nations had confirmed their participation. The U20 had similar withdrawals, being eventually limited to only Canada, England and Wales.

England dominated both tournaments, only being pushed close by the USA in the opening game of the senior tournament. The USA were unable to maintain this performance against Canada, however, losing their fourth successive international against their North American rivals (their worst run ever) to finish third overall. For Canada, despite the heavy defeat to England, runners-up spot confirmed their position in the top four of women's rugby.

Under 20 Nations Cup 2008 (Appleby College, Oakville, Canada)

Final table

Points scoring
4 points awarded for a win, 2 points for a draw, no points for a loss. 1 bonus point awarded for scoring four or more tries and 1 bonus point for losing by less than 7 points.

Results

Final

Nations Cup 2008 (Esher RFC, England)

Final table

Results

See also
Women's international rugby

External links
U20 Nations Cup website

2008
International women's rugby union competitions hosted by England
International women's rugby union competitions hosted by Canada
2008 rugby union tournaments for national teams
2007–08 in English rugby union
2007–08 in Welsh rugby union
2008 in Canadian rugby union
2008 in Canadian women's sports
2008 in women's rugby union
2008 in English women's sport
2008 in American women's sports
2008 in American rugby union


Bhaskara Sethupathy ( Muthuvijaya Raghunatha Bhaskara; 3 November 1868 – 27 December 1903) was a Zamindar of Ramnad. He became the recognised proprietor of the Ramnad estate after his father's death in 1873 until 1895. From 1895, he assumed Managership of Rameswaram until 1901.

He was regarded as a pious, brilliant and generous ruler by his supporters. His supporters believed that he would regain control of Ramnad estate some day. He died suddenly at the age of 35 in 1903.

Sponsorship of Swami Vivekananda for Parliament of the World's Religions
In 1892, Swami Vivekananda stayed with Bhaskara when he visited Madurai and he sponsored Vivekananda's visit to Parliament of the World's Religions held in Chicago. During his stay, Swami Vivekananda had extensive discussions on Hindu philosophy with eminent scholars like Mahavidwan R. Raghava Iyengar.

Kamudi temple case against Nadars
Being the hereditary of Minakshi Sundareswara Temple in Kamuthi, he filed a lawsuit against fifteen Nadars on 14 May 1897 who had entered forcefully into the temple despite traditional customs which discouraged them. He sought compensation for the purification of the temple and establish that Nadars never have the right to enter temple. However, the Nadars were eventually allowed to enter temples built by higher communities due to new legislations and movements.

In popular culture

 Bhaskara Sethupathy was portrayed by Malayalam actor Mammootty in the 1998 film Swami Vivekananda.

References

1868 births
1903 deaths
People from the Madras Presidency


In mathematics, Giambelli's formula, named after Giovanni Giambelli, expresses Schubert classes as determinants in terms of special Schubert classes.

It states

where σλ is the Schubert class of a partition λ.

Giambelli's formula may be derived as a consequence of Pieri's formula. The Porteous formula is a generalization to morphisms of vector bundles over a variety.

In the theory of symmetric functions, the same identity, known as the first Jacobi-Trudi identity expresses Schur functions as determinants in terms of complete symmetric functions. There is also the dual  second Jacobi-Trudi identity which expresses Schur functions as determinants in terms of elementary symmetric functions. The corresponding identity also holds for Schubert classes.

There is another  Giambelli identity, expressing  Schur functions as determinants of matrices whose entries are Schur functions corresponding to hook partitions contained within the same Young diagram. This too is valid for Schubert classes, as are all Schur function identities. For instance, hook partition Schur functions can be expressed bilinearly in terms of elementary and complete symmetric functions, and Schubert classes satisfy these same relations.

See also

 Schubert calculus - includes examples

References

Symmetric functions


The Semiahmoo ( ,  ; Semiahmoo: SEMYOME) are a Coast Salish indigenous people whose homeland is in the Lower Mainland region of southwestern British Columbia, Canada.

History
The Semiahmoo are more closely related to the Lummi and Samish peoples south of the international border, and to the Lekwammen and T'sou-ke peoples across the Strait of Georgia, than they are to the Halkomelem-speaking Sto:lo of the Fraser Valley and of the Fraser's delta to the north of themselves, the Musqueam.

The peoples of the strait are united by their North Straits Salish language and by their tradition of using an elaborate reef-net system to catch sockeye salmon as they entered Juan de Fuca Strait and the Strait of Georgia from the south, on their migration to spawning grounds in the Fraser River.

Indigenous Peoples of the Americas were very well organized and survived off the lands which were tied to their Hereditary Chief Names.  Each House would have a Hereditary Chief Name and with the out line of their Traditional Territory and Shared Territories.  The House Group was responsible for their Homeland and took care of their own families and communities.  Laws governing what took place on the land were decided by the Hereditary Chief in Meetings.

Crests or Art presented on poles, Blankets, Designs, and Body Tattoos told stories of Ownership of the Land and Territory from where one belonged.  If you belonged to a certain house, you wore the Crest proudly and displayed who you were for everyone to know.  Each house was responsible for upholding its House name by acting according to the law.  Generosity was the law.  And abundance was gained by work of the land, fishing, harvesting, and hunting freely on one's Traditional Territory, Homelands and shared Territories.  Giving in the feast house was a sign of wealth, hard work and a coordinated effort of all house group members.

Delgamuukxw is an example of this where Hereditary Chief names are tied to Traditional Territories as since time immemorial.

Society
Semiahmoo society did not have a formal political structure.  The First Nation was divided into politically and economically independent households.  Each plank house held several families united by bonds of kinship. There were also two classes—an upper and lower—of free men and a class of slaves.  The upper-class free men had inherited privileges. Slaves were primarily war captives or the descendants of war captives.

Post-European contact
In 1792, Captain George Vancouver explored Semiahmoo and Boundary Bays.  He did not encounter the Semiahmoo but did describe the ruins of a fishing camp on Point Roberts capable of containing at least 400 or 500 Inhabitants.

Shortly before 1850, their neighbours to the north, the Snokomish, were almost entirely wiped out by a smallpox epidemic.  The few survivors joined the Semiahmoo and the Semiahmoo became heirs to the Snokomish territory which encircled Boundary Bay.  After this time, the Semiahmoo made Crescent Beach one of their temporary summer camps.

The Semiahmoo maintained forts for protection against other First Nations and in reaction to the Hudson's Bay Company fort at Fort Langley.  These fell into disrepair following the 1858 establishment of the Colony of British Columbia.  One such fort was discovered in the 1950s on a bluff in Ocean Park.

In 1857, British Royal Engineers established their Camp Semiahmoo which was later used as a base to survey the international border.  Soldiers described the Semiahmoo as "harmless and peaceable." By the 1860s, Roman Catholic missionaries had a successful church among the Semiahmoo and a gold rush poured settlers and miners into the area.  A new trail was built to link Semiahmoo Bay with Fort Langley.  The 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic and another epidemic in 1888 resulted in heavy loss of life among the Semiahmoo. Many Semiahmoo worked as loggers or charged tolls for transportation of logs across their land. Reef-netting also became commercialized until a continuous line of traps by Alaska Packers ended their industry in 1892.

Modern era

The Semiahmoo Reserve was established in 1887. For much of the last half of the 20th century,  or more than half the reserve's area was leased by the band to the Municipality of Surrey for recreational purposes.  This lease ended in 1998 and the band now profits from leases to a variety of organizations and individual residents. Renowned Haida artist Robert Davidson works from a studio on the reserve.

References

Semiahmoo People page, Surrey Museum website

External links
 Semiahmoofirstnation.org - Official site
 Semiahmoo Wiki - a joint project of Surrey School District, White Rock Museum and Archives and the Semiahmoo First Nation
 First Nation Detail, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
 The Semiahmoo People - a website based on the unpublished Sociology Anthropology Master's thesis by Surrey resident and teacher Jack Brown

Coast Salish
Lower Mainland
de:Semiahmoo
hr:Semiahmoo


Shakespeare by the Sea is a nonprofit organization that was launched in 1998  by Producing Artistic Director Lisa Coffi. Shakespeare by the Sea offers a free repertory season that runs for ten weeks throughout Los Angeles and Orange County. All performances are admission free. Each summer, the company tours about 20 cities for as many as 40 performances.

Over the years, Shakespeare by the Sea has developed into a mid-sized arts organization with two core programs: the free summer repertory presented in San Pedro and then throughout the South Bay, Los Angeles and Orange County; and the Little Fish Theatre, a 60-seat black box theatre producing new, classic and contemporary works year-round in the downtown San Pedro Arts District.

Shakespeare by the Sea is supported by a combination of individual donations, government and arts program grants and corporate sponsorship.

Founding members of Shakespeare by the Sea are Lisa Coffi, Stephanie Courtney and Keith Gotowicki.  The organization is currently run by Stephanie Coltrin and Suzanne Dean, Co-Artistic Directors.

Shakespeare by the Sea, Los Angeles is listed as a Major Festival in the book Shakespeare Festivals Around the World by Marcus D. Gregio (Editor), 2004.

Past performances
 2023 Twelfth Night and Hamlet
 2022 Much Ado About Nothing and Romeo and Juliet
 2021 Love's Labour's Lost and Richard III
 2020 Titus Andronicus- streamed on YouTube
 2019 The Comedy of Errors and Henry V
 2018 The Merry Wives of Windsor and The Winter's Tale
 2017 Taming of the Shrew and Macbeth
 2016 Othello and Cymbeline
 2015 As You Like It and The Tempest
 2014 Midsummer Night's Dream and Hamlet
 2013 All's Well that Ends Well and King John
 2012 Romeo and Juliet and Two Gentlemen of Verona
 2011 King Lear and Much Ado About Nothing
 2010 Julius Caesar and Twelfth Night
 2009 As You Like It and Love's Labour's Lost
 2008 A Midsummer Night's Dream and Antony and Cleopatra
 2007 Taming of the Shrew and The Merchant of Venice
 2006 The Comedy of Errors and Hamlet
 2005 The Merry Wives of Windsor and Othello
 2004 Richard III and The Two Gentlemen of Verona
 2003 Twelfth Night and Romeo and Juliet
 2002 Much Ado About Nothing and Macbeth
 2001 As You Like It and  The Tempest
 2000 A Midsummer Night's Dream
 1999 The Taming of the Shrew
 1998 The Comedy of Errors

References

 Ng, David. "Shakespeare in the Sun" Los Angeles Times June 26, 2008
 Deioma, Kayte "Summer Means Shakespeare in Southern California" About.com Los Angeles Travel Blog, July 14, 2006
 Ip, Hoiyin. "Pageant of the Masters Ticketing Torture" City Committee, August 5, 2008
 Gottlieb, Shirle. "Escabana in da Moonlight - A Review" Stage Happenings Online
 Farrell, John "Hay Fever" is blissfully brisk and breezy The Daily Breeze April 21, 2009
 Haupt, Molly "Betrayal" and Blind Love Coast Gopher Harbor Area News, April 24, 2009

External links
 Official Website

Shakespearean theatre companies
Shakespeare festivals in the United States
Theatre companies in Los Angeles
South Bay, Los Angeles
Organizations established in 1998
1998 establishments in California


Annandale National Historic Site is a National Historic Site of Canada located in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada. It was built in 1880 by Edwin Delevan Tillson (Tillsonburg's first mayor, son of the founder of Tillsonburg, George Tillson), and his wife Mary Ann as part of Mr. Tillson's retirement project, Annandale Farm. The Tillsons moved into the house in 1883. The interior of Annandale House is a living monument to the Victorian style of design, known as the "Aesthetic Art Movement."

The site was designated as a National Historic Site in 1997 for its interior decor.

Aesthetic art movement
The Aesthetic art movement has its roots in England and it swept through North America during the 1880s. It remained quite popular for just over a decade. Followers of the movement included the architect John Ruskin, the designer William Morris, the American painter James Whistler and the most vocal supporter, author and playwright Oscar Wilde. Within Annandale House, there is an abundance of decoration representative of the 1880s Aesthetic art movement. Aestheticism can be found in the wall coverings, painted ceilings, fireplaces, stained and etched glass and carved into the woodwork. Annandale House is one of the few surviving examples of homes decorated in this style in Canada.

Connection to Oscar Wilde
Irish author, poet and playwright, Oscar Wilde was the most vocal supporter of this movement and in 1882 gave his lecture The House Beautiful in Woodstock, Ontario in which he said “And so I said, find your subjects in everyday life; your own men and women, your own flowers and fields, your own hills and mountains, these are what your art should represent to you.” Mary Ann Tillson attended his lecture and listened to this unusual man. Intrigued by what she heard, she put to practice much of what he had said when decorating her new home. She would use as he had suggested, subjects of her everyday life mixed with many traditional Victorian designs.

See also
Aestheticism
Doors Open Canada
Oscar Wilde
Tillsonburg

References

External links
Annandale House: City of Tillsonburg.
Annandale House: Programming
Annandale House: Exhibitions
Annandale House: Parks Canada: Designations of National Historic Significance
Annandale House: Canadian Register of Historic Places.

Houses in Ontario
Interior design
Museums in Oxford County, Ontario
Historic house museums in Ontario
Tillsonburg
Buildings and structures in Oxford County, Ontario
Tourist attractions in Oxford County, Ontario
National Historic Sites in Ontario


Slit is a family of secreted extracellular matrix proteins which play an important signalling role in the neural development of most bilaterians (animals with bilateral symmetry). While lower animal species, including insects and nematode worms, possess a single Slit gene, humans, mice and other vertebrates possess three Slit homologs: Slit1, Slit2 and Slit3. Human Slits have been shown to be involved in certain pathological conditions, such as cancer and inflammation.

The ventral midline of the central nervous system is a key place where axons can either decide to cross and laterally project or stay on the same side of the brain. The main function of Slit proteins is to act as midline repellents, preventing the crossing of longitudinal axons through the midline of the central nervous system of most bilaterian animal species, including mice, chickens, humans, insects, nematode worms and planarians. It also prevents the recrossing of commissural axons. Its canonical receptor is Robo but it may have other receptors. The Slit protein is produced and secreted by cells within the floor plate (in vertebrates) or by midline glia (in insects) and diffuses outward. Slit/Robo signaling is important in pioneer axon guidance.

Discovery

Slit mutations were first discovered in the Nuesslein-Volhard/Wieschaus patterning screen where they were seen to affect the external midline structures in the embryos of Drosophila melanogaster, also known as the common fruit fly. In this experiment, researchers screened for different mutations in D. melanogaster embryos that affected the neural development of axons in the central nervous system. They found that the mutations in commissureless genes (Slit genes) lead to the growth cones that typically cross the midline remaining on their own side. The findings from this screening suggest that Slit genes are responsible for repulsive signaling along the neuronal midline.

Structure

Slit1, Slit2, and Slit3 each have the same basic structure. A major identifying feature of the Slit protein is the four leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains and the N-terminus. Slits are one of only two protein families that contain multiple LRR domains. These LRRs are followed by six repeats similar to epidermal growth factors (EGF) as well as a β-sandwich domain similar to laminin G. Directly after these sequences, invertebrates have one EGF repeat, whereas vertebrates have three EGF repeats. In each case, the EGF is followed by a C-terminal cystine knot (CT) domain.

It is possible for Slits to be cleaved into fragments of the N-terminus and C-terminus as a result of an assumed proteolytic site between the fifth and sixth EGFs in Drosophila Slit, Caenorhabditis elegans Slit, rat Slit1, rat Slit3 and human Slit2.

LRR domains

Slit LRR domains are thought to assist in controlling neurite outgrowth. The domains consist of five to seven LRRs each with disulfide-rich cap segments. Each LRR motif contains a LXXLXLXXN sequence (where L = leucine, N = asparagine, X = any amino acid) which is one strand to a parallel β-sheet on the concave face of the LRR domain, while the back side of the domain consists of irregular loops. Each of the four domains of Slit are connected by short "linkers" which attach to the domains via a disulfide bridge, allowing the LRR region of Slit to remain very compact.

Vertebrate homologs

Slit1, Slit2, and Slit3 are all a human homologs of the 'Slit' gene found in Drosophila. Each of these genes secretes a protein containing protein-protein interaction regions with leucine-rich repeats and EFGs. Slit2 is mainly expressed in the spinal cord, where it repels motor axons. Slit1 functions in the brain, and Slit3 in the thyroid. Both Slit1 and Slit2 are found in the murine postnatal septum as well as in the neocortex. Further, Slit2 participates in inhibiting leukocyte chemotaxis. In rats, Slit1 was found in the neurons of adult and fetal forebrains. This shows that Slit proteins in mammals most likely contribute to the process of forming and maintaining the endocrine and nervous systems through interactions between proteins.  Slit3 is primarily expressed in the thyroid, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as in endothelial cells from the lung and diaphragm of the mouse. Slit3 interacts with Robo1 and Robo4.

Function

Guidance molecules

Guidance molecules act as cues by carrying information to receptive cells; administering this information which tells the cell and its entities how to properly align.  Slit proteins behave as such when working in axonal guidance during the development of the nervous system.  Similarly, these proteins help to orchestrate the development of various networks of tissues throughout the body.  This role, also described as cell migration, is the primary role of Slit when interacting with Robo.  It is most commonly found acting in neurons, endothelial cells and cancer cells.

Axon guidance

Chemorepellents help to direct growing axons toward the correct regions by directing them away from inappropriate regions. Slit genes, as well as their roundabout receptors,  act as chemorepellents by helping prevent the wrong types of axons from crossing the midline of the central nervous system during establishment or remodeling of the neural circuits. The binding of Slit to any member of the Roundabout receptor family results in axon repelling through changes in the axon growth cone.  The resulting repelling of axons is collectively termed as axonal guidance.  Slit1 and Slit2 have both been seen to collapse and repel olfactory axons. Further evidence suggests that Slit also directs interneurons, particularly acting in the cortex.  Positive effects are also correlated with slits. Slit2 begins the formation of axon branches through neural growth factor genes of the dorsal root ganglia.

Organogenesis

Several studies have shown that the interaction of Slit with its receptors is crucial in regulating the processes involved with the formation of organs.  As previously discussed, these interactions play a key role in cell migration.  Not surprisingly then, this gene has been found expressed during the development of tightly regulated tissues, such as the heart, lungs, gonads, and ovaries.  For example, in early development of the heart tube in Drosophila, Slit and two of its Robo receptors guide migrating cardioblasts and pericardial cells in the dorsal midline. In addition, research on mice has shown that Slit3 and its interaction with Robo1 may be crucial to the development and maturation of lung tissue.  Similarly, the expression of Slit3 is upregulated when aligning airway epithelium with endothelium.  Due to its regulating function in tissue development, absence or mutations in the expression of these genes can result in abnormalities of these tissues.  Several studies in mice and other vertebrates have shown that this deficit results in death almost immediately after birth.

Angiogenesis

The Slit2 protein has recently been discovered to be associated with the development of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, or angiogenesis.  Recent research has debated on whether this gene inhibits or stimulates this process.  There has been significant proof to conclude that both are true, depending on the context.  It has been concluded that the role of Slit in this process depends on which receptor it binds, the cellular context of its target cells, and/or other environmental factors. Slit2 has been implicated in promoting angiogenesis in mice (both in vitro and in vivo), in the human placenta, and in tumorigenesis.

Clinical importance

Because of their part in forebrain development, during which they contribute to axonal guidance and guiding signals in the movement of cortical interneurons, Slit-Robo signal transduction mechanisms could possibly be used in therapy and treatment of neurological disorders and certain types of cancer. Procedures have been found in which Slit genes allow for precise control over vascular guidance cues influencing the organization of blood vessels during development. Slit also plays a large role in angiogenesis. With increased knowledge of this relationship, treatments could be developed for complications with development of embryo vasculature, female reproductive cycling, tumor grown, and metastasis, ischemic cardiovascular diseases, or ocular disorders.

Cancer
Due to its pivotal role in controlling cell migration, abnormalities or absences in the expression of Slit1, Slit2 and Slit3 are associated with a variety of cancers.  In particular, Slit-Robo interaction has been implicated in reproductive and hormone dependent cancers, particularly in females.  Under normal function, these genes act as tumor suppressors.  Therefore, deletion or lack of expression of these genes is associated with tumorigenesis, particularly tumors within the epithelium of the ovaries, endometrium, and cervix.  Samples of surface epithelium in cancer ridden ovaries has exhibited that these cells show decreased expression of Slit2 and Slit3.  In addition, absence of these genes allows the migration of cancer cells and thus is associated with increased cancer progression and increased metastasis.  The role of this gene and its place in cancer treatment and development is becoming increasingly unraveled but increasingly complex.

References

Developmental neuroscience
Protein families


The Infinite Worlds of H. G. Wells is a four-hour television miniseries conceived by Nick Willing and released in 2001 by the Hallmark Channel. It is based on a number of short stories by H. G. Wells, and in some territories was titled The Scientist.

Structure and plot
Each episode adapts — and sometimes quite radically changes — two of Wells's short stories. The first episode adapts "The New Accelerator" and "The Queer Story of Brownlow's Newspaper." The second episode adapts "The Crystal Egg" and "The Remarkable Case of Davidson's Eyes," and the third, "The Truth About Pyecraft" and "The Stolen Bacillus". Each episode is written as if it were a "real" incident that Wells had investigated with his girlfriend, Jane Robbins, and as if it had served as an inspiration for a short story.

Each short story adaptation is presented as a flashback to 1893 within a frame story set in 1946, near to the end of Wells's life, when he is interviewed by members of a secret military research institute interested in his past exploits.

First episode
Ellen McGillvray, a young and promising American journalist, meets the famous science fiction writer H. G. Wells, to interview him. She has been sent by an acquaintance of his, Arthur, editor of the Sunday Chronicle. After an initial cold and annoyed approach, caused by the delay of the journalist, Wells begins narrating the adventures of his past, flanked by the famous prof. Cedric Gibberne, recently deceased. Ellen hopes that the interview gives a complete portrait of him, including his early academic years.

 The New Accelerator

London 1893. The scene opens showing a pleasant bickering between Wells and Dr Jane Robbins, who has just started working at Imperial College London. This bickering continues through the halls of the university and leads Wells and Jane in a classroom where some teachers and some students gathered to attend a demonstration by prof. Gibberne on the relationship between the nervous system and electricity, through the use of an electrovoltaic spectrograph.

During the activation of the spectrograph, however, a frightening roar makes Gibberne and the assistant Whittaker literally fly a few meters from the desk where the experiment was in progress. At the same time the doors open and are literally unhinged.

Recovering from the accident, Gibberne notices the disappearance of the spectrograph. To this mystery is added the fact that the doors are unhinged in the opening directions, and not as they should be in the case of an explosion or an implosion (theory discarded thanks to Wells' observation); moreover, the windows have not suffered any damage.

Wells and Jane thus begin to investigate, finding clues that lead them to a surprising discovery: the existence of an "accelerating drug", invented by Mark Radcliffe, another professor at the university, which allows people, for a short period of time, to be faster than sound.

Found out the responsible for the accident that occurred to prof. Gibberne, Wells and Jane go to Radcliffe's laboratory, seeing him disappear before their eyes. It will be up to Wells and Gibberne to find out where Radcliffe has disappeared with his drug, facing a sad reality: perhaps the accelerating drug is not only a step forward for humanity, but also a sacrifice of one's existence.

When the story is over, Wells gets up from his chair, convinced that Ellen's interview is over. At that point the journalist takes an agenda from her bag and hands it to the writer, who not only recognises it, but skims through it, beginning to tell another extraordinary story.

The Queer Story of Brownlow's Newspaper

Wells' flashback takes us to an underground tunnel, where Arthur Brownlow, controller of the subway's power lines, is about to work on a generator. An oversight by Arthur leads him to come into contact with some cables, from which he receives an electric shock that knocks him out.

Recovering from the accident, Arthur goes to the pub that he attends regularly. Once he sits down, he orders a drink and, in that moment, he experiences a sensation that he himself defines as when everything that's happening has happened before, a feeling of déjà vu, so much so that he manages to anticipate events and phrases before they happen. Feeling the victim of a joke, Brownlow leaves the pub annoyed, and goes back home.

Returning to the pub the following day, and apologising for his behaviour towards his friends, he explains to them that, in his opinion, the underground accident made him go to the future and then brought him back to the past. Mocked by his friends, Arthur promises to give them a proof, remembering a betting journal he had in his pocket at the time of the accident, which actually bears the date of the supposed coming week. The next day Arthur takes his friends to the hippodrome, winning and making them win huge sums of money.

The scene shifts to Wells, discouraged for lack of inspiration, and to Jane, worried about him, given the evolution of the relationship between the two. Jane tries to help him by bringing him newspapers, hoping that some particular article will help him to find an inspiration. Skimming through the newspapers, Jane finally finds an article worthy of merit, which tells of the wins of Arthur and his friends.

Meanwhile Arthur continues with his bets and wins, followed by his friends. Back in the pub in the evening, they celebrate; among the new faces in the pub, we spot Wells and Jane. At that moment, a friend of Brownlow has an accident, being crushed by a carriage. Shocked by the accident, Brownlow confides in Wells, telling of the underground accident and the lucky week.

Wells understands that Brownlow does not live the future, but the electric discharge has brought him into the past; by modifying the past, Brownlow has irremediably changed it. The only way Arthur has to fix things is to relive the incident in the same way as the week before, in order to go back to the past.

The next day Wells and Jane accompany Brownlow, ready to repeat the incident the week before. After wishing him good luck, they leave, but not before Jane puts Wells's notebook on this fantastic story in Arthur's pocket. Arthur will have the choice whether to repeat the incident in order to return to the past, or continue in the present.

At that point Wells ends his story, and asks Ellen to explain the reason for her visit, as well as her real identity, since the writer considers the entire interview and the journalist a farce. The alleged reporter, surprised by Wells' intuition, tells the truth about her identity and her visit. It turns out that Ellen is actually a government official sent to Wells to gather as much information on Gibberne as possible.

Ellen informs Wells that Gibberne's research was observed and considered of great importance by the Ministry of War. After his death, an armoured trunk was found among his personal effects, containing the writer's diary and other very particular objects of evident scientific importance for the professor. Ellen and Wells go therefore to a building that seems uninhabited but it reveals to be a sort of military base. Ellen brings Wells to the room with the mysterious trunk; having opened it, the writer exclaims: "Uh! Good God alive ... Good God!"

Second episode
Wells takes from the inside of the trunk an oval-shaped object resembling a stone; according by Ellen, it is a crystalline substance of unknown origin weighing 13 3/4 ounces, resistant to any acid and any attempt to engrave with a diamond. Wells states that the stone, once upon a time, was of rare beauty, and not black and dull as it now appears.
The Crystal Egg
The scene shifts into a clear night, a drunken bum named Skinner with his dog wanders around what appears to be a field. Suddenly a fireball crashes not far from him, and at the moment of impact Skinner falls to earth beating his head and fainting.

In the morning, once awakened, Skinner, attracted by the dog's barking, approaches a huge crater, noticing a large meteorite on the bottom. As he descends into the crater, he hears his dog yelp, followed by several echoes; Skinner keeps calling his dog who seems to have vanished into thin air. Approaching the meteorite, he notices a stone inside that gives off a strong intermittent golden light; as he approaches further, the light seems to go out, becoming crystalline white.

The scene shifts to the university, where Jane meets the bizarre William Cave, according to her naturalist, in search of the vivarium. Jane accompanies him, and, after selling some frogs he had with him for a paltry sum, realises he is late. Leaving his business card with Jane, William runs away, terrified of being late with his wife Rosa.

Once the scene is moved back to Skinner, he is seen walking into an antique shop, hoping to sell the strange stone found in the crater. Entering the store Skinner finds himself having to negotiate the price with the despicable Mrs. Cave, William's greedy and mean wife, who gets the stone for a paltry sum.

At night William, awakened by Rosa's cat, who bursts into the bedroom of the couple terrified, goes to the shop, located downstairs, and notes with amazement that the egg gives off a strange whitish light. He also notes that that light appears to be stimulated by the Moon, whose glow enters in the room through a window.

The following day Mr. Jacoby Wace, a regular customer looking for second-hand jewelry, comes to the shop, and Rose shows him the stone Skinner brought. Analysing it with a monocle and after having discarded several theories (Quartz, Rock Crystal, Lead glass, Tourmaline, etc.), he asks the greedy owner to take a sample with a scalpel. However, as soon as the man touches the crystal egg, it illuminates and emanates a sound similar to a moan, as if endowed with his own will, and then it pushes the scalpel back towards Jacoby, scratching his cheek and sticking itself to the wall behind him.

The scene shifts for a moment to Ellen and Wells, where we learn that Gibberne, about 5 years after the events (according to Ellen, as soon as the devices are available), x-rayed the egg, discovering that its internal structure resembles a human brain in all its characteristics.

Back in the antiques shop, the scene focuses on William, maniacally attracted to the mysterious object. Meanwhile Wells goes to the shop, following Jane's advice not to stay holed up in the house; however, as he is about to enter the shop, he finds the door closed and sees William grabbing the egg from the window and disappearing into the dim light.

Locking himself in a room, William tries to recreate the situation of the previous night, making a glimmer of light touch the egg. Realising that the egg reacts to any light source, as long as it receives it at a precise angle, the man reactivates the strange object, remaining enchanted. Looking more carefully he notices that a sort of world hides in that glow, a sandy expanse with a reddish color, where a few moments later a strange creature reminiscent of an insect appears. The unexpected arrival of Mrs. Rosa awakens William from the enchantment that the egg was exercising on him, bringing the latter to his natural state.

Frightened by the vision of the creature inside the egg, William goes to Jane asking for information about her strange being, given her knowledge of the matter. A few moments later Wells enters the room, and after learning of the details about the crystal egg, he goes to the antique shop to view the object.

Having managed to get the egg, after a fight with another buyer, Wells takes the object to his house, asking William to activate it. Turning off the lights in the room and placing a candle next to the egg, the object begins to glow, showing Wells and Jane the same vision that appeared to William a short time before. Wells's vision becomes more and more clear, coming to see the creature described by William, a creature that a few seconds later emerges from the egg assuming human proportions and trying to grab Wells by the arm.

Only the clarity of Jane, who suddenly opens the door to the room, manages to trap the creature again inside the egg, which becomes harmless again. There will be several thoughts haunting the writer, who step by step will be able to outline a disconcerting reality.

At the end of the story, Ellen bring Wells to a restaurant inside the building, and then mentions that she found a file on him, old but still open, with the security services. Hearing that the name of the file is "H.M.S. Fulmar", Wells begins to tell another story.

The Remarkable Case of Davidson's Eyes
As a result of an unauthorised experiment at the college, young lab assistant Sidney Davidson, nephew of Dean Frederick Masterman, begins seeing visions of a ship at sea and a deserted island. Completely overwhelmed by the hallucinations, he is locked up in a psychiatric asylum directed by Dr. Symonds.

Since Jane was also involved, Wells discusses what could have gone wrong with Dr. Bellows, who designed the experiment, and with Whittaker. Taking a broken coil with him, Wells goes to the coil's factory, where a chatty employee mentions that they made two identical copies of that coil, before being dismissed by his boss. Following the employee to the pub, Wells finds out that the Navy ordered a copy of the same coil.

Jane, who in the meantime moved together with Wells, visits Sidney frequently at the asylum and discusses his mental health with Dr. Symonds, trying to understand the origin of Sidney's visions. Putting together what they discovered, Jane and Wells believe there Sidney is not hallucinating, but the experiment made his eyes witnessing an island where the ship carrying the second coil sunk a few days ago. Wells inquires Captain Hapgood about recently sunken ships, but he quickly sent away.

When Dean Masterman returns from his journey and rushes to the asylum to see his nephew, Jane and Wells profit of his heated discussion with Dr. Symonds to run away with Sidney. At the university, the Dean finally meets his nephew, who discovered that there is another survivor on the island, and listens to Jane and Wells' explanations of the events. Together, they confront Captain Hapgood again and discover that Atkins, a Navy lieutenant, was indeed reported missing on a recently wreckage. With the information given by Sidney, they manage to rescue him, and after that Dr. Symonds is able to revert the initial experiment and restore Sidney' sight back to normal.

When the story is over, Wells ask Ellen to explain what is the building they are in. Instead of replying, she brings him to her boss: Whittaker. He reveals that the building was a secret laboratory, established at the beginning at the War and unrestricted in the scope of its research, where he and Gibberne worked. He then shows that they found, among Gibberne's properties, a liquid which can make a monkey lose weight.

Third episode
The episode start immediately with a story about the origin of the liquid shown at the end of the second episode.
The Truth About Pyecraft
Albert Pyecraft, a fellow of a club of which also Wells is member, is a mathematics genius, despite working as a common teacher at a crammer directed by the cruel Mr. Jagger. Moreover, he is in love with Violet, a young maid who takes private classes with him, but he is extremely insecure due to his fatness.

A friend of him, Mark Pattison, on advice of a colleague, visits a shady pharmacist and obtains a miraculous cure for his baldness. Showing Albert the quick regrowth of his hair, he convinces him to get a similar potion to cure his fatness.

When Albert does not show up for work or at the club for two days, Wells goes to his place and finds him floating on the ceiling: his wish to "lose weight" has been interpreted too literally. Wells and Jane help Albert to walk again on the ground by putting lead in his clothes. Visiting the club, he finds Pattison hidden in the bathroom and victim of the same cure he requested: his hair keeps growing at high rate all over his body.

The day after, Wells and Jane accompany Albert to Oxford to compete for the Möbius prize. Albert, who forgot about the competition in the past days and is forced to improvise, regain his security when Violet enters the room, and deliver his lecture. At the end, Albert loses the competition but the committee offers him a professorship at Oxford; having finally found his courage, he asks Violet to marry him.

At the end, we see Gibberne trying without success to replicate the mysterious potion and Wells comforting Pattison that its effects should disappear soon. He then meets Jane in front of the university and ask her to marry him.

In the frame story, Whittaker wonders if the recipe of the potion might have been preserved, but Wells states that no good would have come of it. He then leaves the building together with Ellen and return at home. When Ellen inquires how can Wells be so sure that Jane was his true soulmate, he start to tell a last story, about what made them "scientifically certain" of each other's feelings.

The Stolen Bacillus

Thomas Keating is abusing of Wells and Jane's hospitality, but Wells is reluctant to kick him out since he enjoys being constantly flattered for his writing qualities. Keating asks Wells to arrange a meeting with professor Gibberne, since he admires his research on viruses and bacilli. At the university, they discover that Whittaker is currently at the hospital with a broken leg, due to a previous experiment leading to an explosion; his place has been temporarily taken by Harold, Gibberne's inept nephew.

While Wells and Keating visit the Parliament, and Keating reveals afterwards his anarchist ideas, Jane finds in Keating's room several maps and articles about the water supply system of the city, as well as and a notebook written in secret code. She is convinced that Keating is hiding something, while Wells believes she is overreacting.

As Whittaker returns earlier from the hospital, Gibberne is desperate because Harold disappeared with the flask of a bacillus. Since Harold has stupidly rearranged them, Gibberne doesn't know which bacillus is missing, so cannot predict the outcome: dropping it in drinking water can potentially endanger the whole country with a disease. After Harold is arrested for being drunk, he admits that Keating offered him money for the cholera bacillum. However, since he couldn't distinguish one from the other, he just stole and sold him a random serum.

Wells rushes to the water reservoir, but doesn't manage to stop Keating before he empties the content of flask. Wells however brings back to the university the tag of the flask, and Gibberne identifies it as a truth serum, a creation of its own. Everybody is relieved that it is not a deadly disease, despite Gibberne warning them that the consequences can be unexpected (when he tried the serum on himself, it took months for his wife to forgive him after the things he said to her).

In the following days, everybody is forced to tell the truth: Dean Masterman says he is in love with Gibberne, many husbands are kicked out of their houses by their wives, the British secretary for foreign affairs insults his French counterpart creating a diplomatic crisis, Keating (now in prison) tells Wells that his stories are rubbish, and Jane reveals that she is pregnant.

At the end of the story, Wells thanks Ellen for bringing back all these memories and decides he will start writing again.

Production
The filming was done as a full period costume drama, and also took full advantage of notable London locations. These included the London Underground, where scenes from Brownlow's Newspaper were shot at the disused Aldwych tube station.

Actual historical events and places
The miniseries' opening premise is that in 1893 Wells was scientifically untrained, and single. In reality he was neither of those things in 1893. He had studied Zoology and Geology at the Normal School of Science in London, gaining a second-class zoology degree in 1887, but failing the final geology examination. He then taught science in schools in Wrexham and London whilst studying to re-take both subjects, eventually gaining first-class honours in Zoology and second-class in Geology in 1890. He then secured a teaching post at the University Correspondence College, and in 1891 he married his cousin, Isabel Mary Wells. Wells began writing to supplement his teaching income, and in 1893 met Amy Catherine Robbins, one of his students. Disliking the name "Amy", he called her "Jane". In 1894 Wells left his wife to live with Jane, and they married later that year, after his divorce from Isabel.

At the opening of the miniseries Amy Robbins is instead called Jane Robbins and is shown to be a teacher of Biology, with Wells initially one of her two potential suitors — the other being a member of the college staff. Wells is portrayed as a single man, a jobbing journalist and aspiring fiction writer with just five stories to his name.

Anachronisms
Given the reference dates given to us during the various stories, it is assumed that the events narrated by the writer took place over a period of 7 years. These references are given by two elements:
 At the beginning of the first episode, the setting year (1893) appears. Furthermore, Whittaker states that the accident happened in July.
 At the end of the sixth chapter (1900), Jane confesses to her Wells that she is pregnant.

Despite this, some elements are anachronisms, both in reference to real events, and in reference to the evolution of the characters and their relationships.

The New Accelerator
 The Imperial College of Science — where Jane Robbins is depicted as teaching — did not exist in 1893. In 1890 the Normal School of Science — where Wells had studied — became the Royal College of Science, which in 1907 was amalgamated with other institutions to form the Imperial College of Science and Technology.
 The electrovoltaic spectrograph shown by Gibberne is none other than the mass spectrometer invented by Joseph John Thomson in 1912.
 Prof. Gibberne talks to Wells about X-rays, while the first public announcement took place on December 28, 1895.
 When they open a closet, Wells and Jane find hundreds of cans of food, including the Forest City Brand (1920) of the L. Allen & Sons Company founded in 1901.

The Queer Story of Brownlow's Newspaper
 In the scene where Wells and Jane are having tea, the newspaper that is shown (Daily Graphic) bears the date Monday, September 18, 1893, the same day as the discovery of Mark Radcliffe's body in the first episode, while according to the story it is June 5, 1893.
 In the scene where Jane brings the newspapers to Wells, depressed by the lack of inspiration, the article on Brownlow's wins shows the date June 6, 1893.
The Truth About Pyecraft
 Wells says that Pyecraft "found three different proofs of Riemann hypothesis when he was just 15 years old". The Riemann hypothesis (formulated in 1859) is still an open conjecture as of today.
 After awarding the Möbius prize (which does not exist in real life), the chair of the committee says that Isaac Newton died 179 years ago; since he died on 1727, it is implied that the story is set in 1906.
 In the same occasion, the chair mentions also that Newton had a professorial chair at Oxford, which became vacant after his death. Actually, Newton never taught at Oxford; they are probably referring to the Lucasian chair in Cambridge (which however had never been vacant after Newton's death).
 Albert Einstein was born in 1879, so he was in his 20's at the time of the story, despite being depicted significantly older.

Cast

Main cast
 Tom Ward - H. G. Wells (stories 1-6, frame story)
 Katy Carmichael - Jane Robbins (stories 1-6)
 Eve Best - Ellen McGillvray (frame story)
 Nicholas Rowe - Professor Cedric Gibberne (stories 1-6)
 Matthew Cottle - Whittaker (stories 1-6)
 Barry Stanton - Dean Frederick Masterman (stories 1,4,6)

Episodic cast
The New Accelerator:
 Ray Coulthard - Mark Radcliffe

Brownlow's Newspaper:
 Mark Lewis Jones - Arthur Brownlow
 Robert Demeger - Frank Harris

The Crystal Egg:
 Stephen Critchlow - William Cave
 Tilly Vosburgh - Rosa Cave

The Remarkable Case of Davidson's Eyes:
 Dominic Cooper - Sidney Davidson
 Jeffry Wickham - Dr. Symonds
 Mark Dexter - Atkins

The Truth About Pyecraft:
 Michael Fitzgerald - Albert Pyecraft
 Pip Torrens - Mark Pattison
 Catherine Bailey - Violet
 John Bennett - Mr. Jagger
 Orlando Seale - Albert Einstein
 Donald Douglas - Chairman at Praecentors

The Stolen Bacillus:
 Nicholas Boulton - Thomas Keating
 William Mannering - Harold
 Hugh Dickson - Opposition MP
 Vincent Franklin - War Minister (Henry Campbell-Bannerman)
 Richard Clifford - Foreign Secretary (The Earl of Rosebery)

DVD releases
A Region 2 DVD of the series in non-episodic form was released in the Netherlands in 2004 with the original English language soundtrack, and optional Dutch and French subtitles. A Region 1 DVD in episodic form was released in 2005. It was released in the UK in 2006.

See also
 The Nightmare Worlds of H. G. Wells - a similar 2016 anthology series
 H. G. Wells bibliography

References

External links
 The Infinite Worlds of H.G. Wells at AllMovie, All Media Network
 The Infinite Worlds of H.G. Wells at FilmAffinity

 SciFi.com review

2001 American television series debuts
2001 American television series endings
2001 films
2000s American television miniseries
Fiction set in 1893
Cultural depictions of H. G. Wells
Adaptations of works by H. G. Wells
Sonar Entertainment miniseries
Films directed by Robert Young


The PL-4 () was an air-to-air missile (AAM) developed by the People's Republic of China. It was designed by the 612 Research Institute and the Zhuzhou Aeroengine factory. The first version, the PL-4A, was China's first semi-active radar homing (SARH) AAM. It was developed into the infrared homing PL-4B.

The development program started in March 1966. The design may have been influenced by American AIM-7D Sparrow wreckage from the Vietnam War. Prototype ground-testing to the original 1960s requirements was completed in November 1980, with the second phase of development starting in July 1981. The program was cancelled in 1984 due to obsolescence and, with the normalization of relations with the United States - the availability of modern Western weapons.

The PL-4 was intended to arm the Chengdu J-9 - which was cancelled in 1980 - and then the Shenyang J-8II. Issues with the J-8II's Type 208 radar limited SARH performance, and the missile's cancellation severely affected the aircraft's development.

Variants
PL-4A
SARH version
PL-4B
IRH version

References

Citations

Bibliography

Guided missiles of the People's Republic of China
Air-to-air missiles of the People's Republic of China
Weapons of the People's Republic of China
Air-to-surface missiles of the Cold War


Sir Peregrine Charles Hugo Simon  (born 20 June 1950), is a retired Lord Justice of Appeal.

Education and career
He was educated at Westminster School and Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He was called to the Bar, Middle Temple in 1973. He was appointed as Queen's Counsel in 1991; as a Bencher in 1999 and Recorder in 1998.

He was knighted in 2002 on his appointment as a High Court judge (assigned to the Queen's Bench Division). He was appointed to the Court of Appeal in 2015 and upon this appointment he was sworn in as a member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council. This gave him the Honorific Title "The Right Honourable" for life. He retired on 21 June 2020.

Family
He is one of the three sons of Jocelyn Simon, Baron Simon of Glaisdale and his second wife, the former Fay Pearson.

Notable cases
 Barrow v Bankside Members Agency Ltd and another
 National Boat Shows (NBS) v Earls Court
R v Incedal and Rarmoul-Bouhadjar
FHR European Ventures LLP v Cedar Capital Partners LLC

References

1950 births
Living people
Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
British barristers
21st-century English judges
Knights Bachelor
People educated at Westminster School, London
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Place of birth missing (living people)
Sons of life peers
Lords Justices of Appeal
English King's Counsel
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Queen's Bench Division judges


West Hollywood West is a residential neighborhood in West Hollywood, California. It encompasses the area bound by Doheny Drive and Beverly Hills on the west, Melrose Avenue on the north, La Cienega Boulevard on the east and Beverly Boulevard on the south.

The east-west streets of the area are Rangely, Dorrington, Ashcroft and Rosewood Avenues, and Bonner Drive.

The north-south streets are Doheny Drive, Almont Drive, Robertson Boulevard, Sherbourne Drive, San Vicente Boulevard and Norwich, Huntley, Westbourne, Westmount and West Knoll Drives.

The neighborhood is walkable, with cafes and restaurants, malls and movie theatres, parks, libraries, galleries, design shops and the Pacific Design Center in close proximity.

The West Hollywood West neighborhood is represented by West Hollywood West Residents Association ("WHWRA"), one of the city's largest and most organized residents associations. The purpose of the West Hollywood West Residents Association (WHWRA) is to protect the integrity and quality of life within West Hollywood West.

See also
West Hollywood, California
Los Angeles, California
Pacific Design Center

External links

West Hollywood West Residents Association

Neighborhoods in West Hollywood, California


George Peter Fivas II (born May 25, 1973) is an American film producer, music producer, director and actor living in Los Angeles.  He is one of the founding organizers of the jazz and popular music group, Apollo.  His directorial debut came in the form of Summer Solstice (2003), an independently produced coming-of-age drama, which includes a well-reviewed performance from Academy Award nominee and Golden Globe winner Karen Black (Five Easy Pieces and The Great Gatsby), and was released on Netflix in 2006.  He directed a music video for the song A New World (2008) by The JMD Project, a hit dance track in Europe, whose video has been broadcast on MTV Germany and other European outlets as an introduction to the Metropolis Revived concert series.

Fivas is also a published scientist, having co-authored several papers on seismological phenomena in the Intermountain Region of The United States.

References

External links
 Apollo music group

American film producers
1973 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Salt Lake City