Aediodina is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Aediodina quaternalis, which is found on Ambon Island and Taiwan.

References

Spilomelinae
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Indonesia
Moths of Taiwan
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Embrik Strand


Jesse Brown (1944–2002) was the United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1997.

Jesse Brown may also refer to:
Jesse L. Brown (1926–1950), American naval aviator
Jesse Brown (American football) (1902–1987), American football player
Jesse Brown (baseball) (1914–1980), American Negro leagues baseball player
Jesse Brown (journalist), Canadian journalist


Discovered by British engineer Christopher Cockerell, the momentum curtain is a unique and efficient way to reduce friction between a vehicle and its surface of travel, be it water or land, by levitating the vehicle above this surface via a cushion of air. It is this principle of levitation upon which a hovercraft is based, and Christopher Cockerell set about applying his momentum curtain theory to hovercraft to increase their abilities in overcoming friction in travel.

Levitating a vehicle above the ground/water to reduce its drag was not a new concept. John Thornycroft, in 1877, discovered that trapping air beneath a ship's hull, or pumping air beneath it with bellows, decreased the effects of friction upon the hull thereby increasing the ship's top attainable speeds. However, technology at the time was insufficient for Thornycroft's ideas to be developed further.

Cockerell used the idea of pumped air under a hull (this then becoming a plenum, i.e. the opposite of a vacuum) and improved upon it further. Simply pumping air between a hull and the ground wasted a lot of energy in terms of leakage of air around the edges of the hull. Cockerell discovered that by means of generating a wall (curtain) of high-speed downward-directed air around the edges of a hull, that less air leaked out from the sides (due to the momentum of the high-speed air molecules), and thus a greater pressure could be attained beneath the hull. So, with the same input power, a greater amount of lift could be developed, and the hull could be lifted higher above the surface, reducing friction and increasing clearance. This theory was tried, tested and developed throughout the 1950s and 1960s until it was finally realised in full-scale in the SR-N1 hovercraft.

References

Classical mechanics


Aeglotis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Aeglotis argentalis, which is found in Pakistan.

References

Odontiinae
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Asia
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Hans Georg Amsel


Aenigmodes is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Aenigmodes pentascia, which is found in Venezuela.

References

Glaphyriinae
Taxa named by Hans Georg Amsel
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of South America
Crambidae genera


The Islamic Cultural Center of New York is a mosque and an Islamic cultural center in East Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, United States. It is located at 1711 Third Avenue, between East 96th and 97th Streets. The Islamic Cultural Center was the first purpose-built mosque in New York and continues to be one of the city's largest. The mosque's older dwelling in a townhouse at 1 Riverside Drive is still in continual prayer use as a satellite location.

The Islamic Cultural Center of New York is a standing building that is 61 meters wide and 73 meters long. The mosque is located at East 96th Street and 3rd Avenue on Manhattan's Upper East Side. When looking at it, the mosque is rotated 29 degrees towards the streets. The architects did this to portray the Turkish mosque and complete two goals. Those two goals were to stand out from its surroundings, and the mihrab can face Mecca, where it is the direction to pray towards the Kaaba.

Design and history
Plans for a large Islamic center in New York were originally drawn up in the late 1960s. The first cultural center occupied a house at 1 Riverside Drive, at the intersection of Riverside Drive and 72nd Street. The first Islamic Center started functioning on a small scale from a modest townhouse at that address. However, the board of trustees later aspired to build a new larger center in a way suiting its prestigious position in the community, and to be one of the landmarks of New York City. Later, an overall project comprising a mosque, a school, a library, a museum, and a lecture hall, were planned out. After years of delays which included raising funds from Muslim countries, a prolonged process of relocating tenants, and the eventual demolition of the buildings on the site; construction of the Islamic Cultural Center began in October 1984. Construction of the associated mosque began on May 28, 1987, the day which corresponded to the end of Ramadan. The cornerstone of the minaret was laid on September 26, 1988.

Construction was delayed during the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait and the First Gulf War. The mosque opened on April 15, 1991, for the feast of Eid ul-Fitr. In the end, more than 46 Muslim countries made contributions toward the $17 million construction cost of the mosque.

Today, like most mosques, the mosque at the Islamic Cultural Center of New York is oriented toward Mecca at a heading of 58°. Consequently, the building is rotated 29° from Manhattan's north-south street grid, which in turn is rotated 29° from due north-south. The precise calculation of the direction from New York to Mecca was based on the great circle that produces the shortest distance between the two cities. As with many mosques, the direction of Mecca is marked inside by a niche on the wall, known as the mihrab. Placed in the center of the large room, the mihrab is ornamented with a large design. Additionally, next to the mihrab is the minbar, which is a staircase from which the imam leads prayer.

Islamic Cultural Center of New York Building Design Interior and Exterior

The site has an edge length of 274 meters. Furthermore, it also includes eight columns and four trusses, where they all intersect, forming a solid framework to contain the building and balance it out. The building also consists of six infill panels containing slabs of pink granite with glass beading placed in front of welded steel tubes. The Islamic Culture Center of New York has two floors that separate the men and women. These two floors consist of each gender's washroom, meeting and administration rooms, and a prayer hall for everyone to use.

The design of the Islamic Culture Center of New York is designed based on a pure cube. Three identical windows are set at a certain angle on the left and right the corner of the buildings, where light can come through it and shine the masjid. The mosque walls are cladding with stone from a quarry located in Stony Creek, Bradford, Connecticut. The central aspect of the building is the dome, where it is three stacked layers of frames and takes the shape of a hemisphere. Another essential part about the crown is that even though the masjid interior and exterior are designed very differently, the mosque's dome is made of copper, such as the Statue of Liberty located in New York.

Islamic Culture Center of New York Representation

Throughout the 1900s, about 200 mosques existed in New York. None were like The Islamic Culture Center of New York. When this mosque was built, it created a huge turning point for the residing Muslim people living in New York. This turning point was when they represented a considerable aspect of the Muslim population consisting of Turkish, Lebanese, Yemeni, Pakistani, and American origin. Such an event with a sizable dome and a high minaret has crowned the mosque, where none other mosques were even comparable in the urban presence.

Outreach
Imam Abu-Namous engaged in a series of interfaith dialogues with prominent Muslim leaders and rabbis. Abu-Namous's successor as imam, Mohammed Shamsi Ali, continued the meetings. Due to political differences, Ali was fired from his post in 2011. Ali was replaced with Abdul Razzaq E. Al Amiri.

See also

 List of mosques in the Americas
 Lists of mosques
 List of mosques in the United States
 Islam in New York City
 Islam in the United States
 Islamic architecture
 Park51, canceled Islamic center in the World Trade Center area

References

Further reading

External links

Islamic Cultural Center of New York at New York Architecture Images
Islamic Cultural Center of New York at Skidmore, Owings and Merrill

Mosques in New York City
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill buildings
Upper East Side
Religious buildings and structures in Manhattan
1991 establishments in New York City
Mosques completed in 1991
Postmodern architecture in New York City


A census of the population of the United Kingdom is taken every ten years. The 2011 census was held in all counties of the UK on 27 March 2011. It was the first UK census which could be completed online via the Internet. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) is responsible for the census in England and Wales, the General Register Office for Scotland (GROS) is responsible for the census in Scotland, and the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) is responsible for the census in Northern Ireland.

The Office for National Statistics is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department formed in 2008 and which reports directly to Parliament. ONS is the UK Government's single largest statistical producer of independent statistics on the UK's economy and society, used to assist the planning and allocation of resources, policy-making and decision-making. ONS designs, manages and runs the census in England and Wales. In its capacity as the national statistics office for the United Kingdom, ONS also compiles and releases census tables for the United Kingdom when the data from England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are complete.

In the run-up to the census both the main UK political parties expressed concerns about the increasing cost and the value for money of the census, and it was suggested that the 2011 census might be the last decennial census to be taken.

The first results from the 2011 census, age and sex, and occupied households estimates for England and Wales and Northern Ireland, were released on 16 July 2012. The first results for Scotland, and the first UK-wide results, were published on 17 December 2012. More detailed and specialised data were published from 2013.

Background

History
The Registrar General John Rickman conducted the first census of Great Britain's population, and was responsible for the ten-yearly reports published between 1801 and 1831. During the first 100 years of census-taking the population of England and Wales grew more than threefold, to around 32 million, and that of Scotland, where a separate census has been carried out since 1861, to about 4.5 million.

From 1911 onwards rapid social change, scientific breakthroughs, and major world events affected the structure of the population. A fire that destroyed census records in 1931, and the declaration of war in 1939, made the 1951 census hugely significant in recording 30 years of change over one of the most turbulent periods in British history.

The 1971 census was run by the newly created Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS), a body formed by the merger of the General Register Office and Government Social Survey. In 1996 the Office for National Statistics (ONS) was formed by merging the Central Statistical Office (CSO), OPCS and the statistics division of the Department of Employment; the first census it ran was in 2001. In 2008 the UK Statistics Authority was established as an independent body.

Purpose
A population census is a key instrument for assessing the needs of local communities. When related to other data sources such as housing or agricultural censuses, or sample surveys, the data becomes even more useful. Most countries of the world take censuses: the United Nations recommends that countries take a census at least once every ten years. Twenty-one out of 40 countries in Europe are engaged in the 2010–2011 census round
The design for the 2011 census reflected changes in society since 2001 and asked questions to help paint a detailed demographic picture of England and Wales, as it stood on census day, 27 March 2011.

Data collected by the census is used to provide statistical outputs which central government uses to plan and allocate local authority services funding, and which local authorities themselves use to identify and meet the needs of their local communities. Other organisations that use census data include healthcare organisations, community groups, researchers and businesses. The questionnaires, including people's personal information, are kept confidential for 100 years before being released to the public, providing an important source of information for historical, demographic and genealogy research.

2011 Census for England and Wales

Operation
The 2011 census for England and Wales included around 25 million households. Questionnaires were posted out to all households, using a national address register compiled by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) with the help of local authorities through comparisons of the National Land and Property Gazetteer (NLPG) and the Royal Mail and Ordnance Survey national address products.

People could complete and submit their questionnaire online, or fill it in on paper and post it back in a pre-addressed envelope. Guidance was provided online and through the census helpline. Completed questionnaires were electronically tracked and field staff followed up with households that did not return a questionnaire. Special arrangements were made to count people living in communal establishments such as; boarding schools, prisons, military bases, hospitals, care homes, student halls of residence, hotels, royal apartments and embassies, as well as for particular communities; rough sleepers, travellers and those living on waterways. In these cases field staff delivered and collected questionnaires and, where needed, provided advice or assistance in completing the questionnaire.

There was a legal requirement to complete the 2011 census questionnaire, under the terms of the Census Act 1920. As at 27 March 2011 everyone who had lived or intended to live in the country for three months or more was required to complete a questionnaire. Failure to return a completed questionnaire could lead to a fine and criminal record.

Production

Lockheed Martin UK, the UK arm of US-based aerospace, defence, security, and technology company Lockheed Martin was awarded the contract to provide services for the census comprising questionnaire printing, a customer contact centre and data capture and processing. The contract was valued at £150 million, approximately one third of the total £482 million census budget.

Concerns were raised during contract negotiations that the US PATRIOT Act could be used to force Lockheed Martin to reveal census data to US authorities. The Cabinet Office state that Lockheed Martin will "develop the systems" used to process census data, but that "in essence ... neither Lockheed Martin UK nor any Lockheed Martin employee will have access to personal Census data." The Office for National Statistics stated that no personal census information will ever leave the UK or be seen by any American-owned company.

Several groups called for a boycott of the census over the involvement of Lockheed Martin, including the Stop the War Coalition, and the Christian thinktank Ekklesia. The groups were concerned about sharing data with a company involved in surveillance and data processing for the CIA and FBI; and also providing funding to an arms company making nuclear missiles and cluster bombs. The Green Party also objected, and campaigned unsuccessfully to stop Lockheed Martin getting the contract, although no decision was made about whether or not to call for a boycott. The Census Alert campaign group also decided against calling for a boycott.

Liberal Conspiracy said a boycott would be counter-productive, as the Census is used to distribute funding to local services. Liberal Conspiracy reports that a council may lose £22,000 over 10 years for each person who does not complete the census.

The census for England and Wales was trialled in 135,000 households in Lancaster, the London Borough of Newham and Anglesey on 11 October 2009. A test was also carried out in Birmingham at the same time. The questions for the 2011 Census were the same as those trialled in the 2009 Census Rehearsal. The Order for the 2011 Census (including the proposed question topics, census date and who should complete the questionnaire) was laid before Parliament in October 2009 and was approved by Parliament and became law in December 2009.

Capita Group was contracted by ONS to recruit, train and administer the pay for the 35,000 temporary ONS workers who worked as field staff for the 2011 census.

Costs and value for money

The total cost of the 2011 Census in England and Wales over the period from 2004/05 to 2015/16 is estimated to be £482 million. This is more than twice the £210m spent on the 2001 census. This breaks down to a cost of 87 pence per person, per year (over the life of the census – ten years). "The cost equates to about 87p a year per person, demonstrating excellent value for money. The per capita costs in the UK are less than for many other European countries that carry out similar censuses. In summary, this census will meet crucial requirements for statistical information that Government and others cannot do without." Minister of State, Cabinet Office (Angela E. Smith).

Both the main UK political parties had expressed concerns about the rising costs and value of a ten-yearly census, and on coming into office the UK coalition government had gone as far as suggesting that the 2011 census might be the last of its kind. In July 2010 the UK government asked ONS to explore other methods of measuring the population. In 2011 the three national statistics bodies, ONS, GROS and NISRA set up a co-ordinated research project known as Beyond 2011. The objectives of the programme were to assess the feasibility of improving UK population statistics using integrated data sources to replace or complement existing approaches, and whether alternative data sources could provide the priority statistics on the characteristics of small populations typically provided by a census. The project reported its findings in March 2014 and recommended that a UK-wide census in 2021 should take place, and that better use should be made of other demographic data sources.

Changes from 2001 census
The general style of the questionnaire was similar to that of the 2001 census. A rehearsal questionnaire was released in 2009. Several new identity and status options were included for the first time. Other changes for 2011 included:
 An option to complete the form online.
 The 2011 census questionnaire included 56 questions in total.
 It asked immigrants their date of arrival and how long they intended to stay in the UK.
 This was the first census since the Civil Partnership Act 2004; the questionnaire included tick boxes for same-sex civil partnerships in relevant questions. The Equality and Human Rights Commission had called for a question to be included regarding respondents' sexual orientation. While the 2011 Census does not ask about sexual orientation or identity, a question on sexual identity was introduced to all ONS social surveys in January 2009 to support the Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007.
 English, Northern Irish, Scottish and Welsh national identity tick-box option has been included following criticism that English and Welsh were absent from 2001.
 A question about the number of bedrooms a household has, as well as the names, gender and birth dates of any overnight guests.
 A question asking how well a respondent could speak English.
 Unlike the 2001 census, there was no question on whether a resident has access to a bath or shower.
 The section on ethnicity was expanded to include a "Gypsy or Irish Traveller" tick-box under the "White" heading and an "Arab" tick-box under the "Other ethnic group" heading, whilst Chinese was merged into the "Asian British" category, which formerly only included South Asian ethnic groups.
 The questionnaire for the 2001 Census only included usual residents. For the 2011 Census it also included visitors staying in the UK on the night of 27 March 2011, census day.

In 2001 only 38 people were reported to have been prosecuted for refusing to complete a questionnaire. In 2011 those who refused to complete the census questionnaire or included false information could face a fine of up to £1,000. A team of compliance staff were recruited to follow up by visiting those householders who refused to complete a questionnaire or where their questionnaire was not returned or completed correctly.

Advertising
Advertising promoted the notion of how the UK 2011 census would help to shape Britain's future in areas such as healthcare and education. TV adverts, for example, depicted Origami, in census colours, forming objects including school computers and buses. A short sentence under the census logo informed the viewer that the census was a duty that must be undertaken. From 7 April 2011 advertising focused on reminding people to complete and return by post or submit online.

Controversy

A question about the number of bedrooms a household has, as well as the names, gender and birth dates of any overnight guests was criticised as "bedroom snooping" by the Conservative Party in opposition.

In a written answer in response to a question on population and the traditional enumeration methodology of the 2011 Census, Cabinet Office minister Francis Maude said:

Although some 37,000 people recorded their identity as Cornish by manually writing it on the form in the 2001 census, no tick-box was provided in 2011 to select Cornish as a White British national identity, despite campaigns. As a consequence, posters were created by the census organisation and Cornwall Council which advised residents of how they could identify themselves as Cornish by writing it in the ethnicity, national identity and main language sections. Additionally, people could record Cornwall as their country of birth.

During the consultation on the 2011 census the British Humanist Association raised several concerns about question 20, "What is your religion?". The BHA argued it was a leading question, and suggested that it should be phrased as two questions, "Do you have a religion?" and "If so, what is it?". It contended that by placing the religion question near the ethnicity question it would encourage some responders to associate religion with cultural identity. The BHA also ran adverts during March 2011 encouraging the use of the 'no religion' box in the questionnaire.

2011 Census for Northern Ireland

The 2011 Census for Northern Ireland had 59 questions in total. 14 were about the household and its accommodation and
45 questions were for each individual member of the household to complete.

The rehearsal was held on Sunday 11 October 2009 in two areas, Derriaghy and Moy & Benburb, covering approximately 5,000 households.

The 2011 Census for Northern Ireland costing around £21.8 million over the
six-year period 2008–2014. Over the ten-year cycle the cost is expected to be about £25 million.

2011 Census for Scotland

In Scotland, a wholly owned subsidiary of information technology company CACI was contracted to gather information. CACI "provided interrogators who worked at Abu Ghraib prison at the height of the prisoner abuse scandal".

The 2011 Scotland Census asked 13 household questions and up to 35 questions for each individual. Plans were rehearsed in west Edinburgh and Lewis and Harris.

The 2011 census was the first to include a question asking about the ability to read, write and understand the Scots language alongside the question for ability in Scottish Gaelic and English languages.

Release plans for 2011 census statistics
Responsibility for the release of data from the 2011 census is split between the Office for National Statistics (ONS) for England and Wales, the General Register Office for Scotland (GROS) for Scotland and the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA).
The ONS announced in March the release plan for the results of the 2011 census which stated in July 2012. NISRA made a similar announcement with identical release plan. In June 2012 GROS advised on its release plan which commences in December 2012. The releases will comprise data sets enabling the standard comparison with previous census data reports as well as over a hundred new data sets based on the new questions asked in the 2011 census.

Prospectuses
NISRA, ONS and GROS each publish a schedule stating what documents they will release and when. Those documents are called a "prospectus". Each prospectus is not fixed, but changes as schedules are changed or documents are late. The prospectuses are linked to in the table below.

Release schedules

The Office for National Statistics is responsible for publishing United Kingdom wide 2011 census data. These are co-ordinated releases coinciding with data published by the three national statistical authorities.

Release 1.1: (17 December 2012)
Population data including data for males and females for the United Kingdom and revised estimates England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

Release 1.2: (21 March 2013)
Population numbers (rounded), by five-year age bands, sex and densities and household sata at national and local authority level.

Release 1.3: (31 July 2013)
Population estimates (unrounded) by single year of age and sex for the UK and all local authorities (or equivalent) in the UK, along with UK historic population pyramids (1951–2011).

Release 2.1 (11 October 2013)
Key and Quick statistics Part 1 – Census Profiles; Population, People and Places, Health and Social Care, Travel and Transport. National and Local Authority geographies.

Release 2.2 (4 December 2013)
Key and Quick statistics Part 2 – Census Profiles; Qualifications and Labour Market. National and Local Authority geographies.

Release 2.3 (23 January 2014)
Key and Quick statistics Part 3 – Multivariate, Local and Detailed Characteristics tables for: Living arrangements; Household composition; and Accommodation type.

Subsequent releases of UK-wide 2011 Census specialist products
A series of further releases, subsequent to the four main releases of 2011 Census statistics including migration tables, workplace tables, detailed religion and ethnic group tables, and statistics relating to alternative population bases.
Specialist products would include:- Small population groups; microdata; flow data (also known as origin-destination statistics). It is also suggested that data organised around alternative population bases may be produced.
Release of European Commission Census Regulation Statistics (31 March 2014) – UK data provided as part of an EU project to provide comparable statistics
Release of Key and Quick Statistics (13 June 2014) – Consolidated data sets previously published by the relevant census office in each constituent country of the UK.
Release OD1a Origin-destination data (25 July 2014) – Migration, workplace and students for local authorities
Release OD1a Origin-destination data (25 November 2014) – Movement of students from boarding school addresses
Release OD1a Origin-destination data (25 November 2014) – Location of usual residence and place of work
Release OD1c Origin-destination data (25 November 2014) – Internal and international migration.
Release UN questionnaire (18 December 2014) – UK submission for United Nations questionnaire on population and housing censuses (part 1)
Release UN questionnaire (21 January 2015) – UK submission for United Nations questionnaire on population and housing censuses (part 2)
Release UK1 (28 January 2015) – UK Detailed Migration tables
Release OD2 Origin-destination data (25 March 2015) –  Migration for local authorities

The original plans of the ONS, covering England and Wales, confirmed that there would be four stages of data release starting in July 2012 and running until October 2013. This was increased to five stages in October 2013. A detailed commentary accompanies each release along with relevant reference materials. Additionally there will be graphic visualisations providing further clarification and comparison between different data sets and comparison over time using data from earlier censuses. There will also be more specialist reports and products. Certain data bases will also be produced in the Welsh language.

First phase releases: July – November 2012
Population estimates, age and sex, and occupied households estimates for England and for Wales

Release 1.1 (July and September 2012)
Release 1.1R (16 July) – Rounded estimates of the usual resident population and households by age, and sex and occupied households at country, regional, and local authority level
Release 1.1U (24 September) – Unrounded estimates of the usual resident population and households by age, and sex and occupied households at country, regional, and local authority level

Release 1.2 (22 October 2012)
Residents with second properties outside the local authority area of their primary residence, at country and local authority level

Release 1.3 (23 November 2012)
Estimates of the usual resident population and households by age, and sex and occupied households at ward and output area level

Second phase releases: December 2012 – March 2013
Key and quick univariate (single parameter) statistics based on output levels, with release based on geography. (e.g. local authority, wards and parish/ community) tabulated by population count and percentages and accessible by post code.

Release 2.1 (11 December 2012)
Key Statistics for local authorities in England and Wales comprising data which adds detail to the population estimates published in July 2012. It includes population information on international migration, age, ethnicity, national identity, health, housing and religion. Also labour force survey data. For Wales, there is data on the Welsh language and population data on unitary authorities.

Release 2.2 (30 January 2013)
Statistical tables for Output Areas (OAs) and for wards. Background information covering families, general health and disability, unpaid care, language, occupation and industry, qualifications and economic activity.

Release 2.3 (19 February 2013)
Key and quick statistics for postcode sectors, health areas and Welsh Government devolved constituencies, and the key statistics for national parks in England and Wales, with a separate release for Wales only.

Release 2.4 (26 March 2013)
Statistical tables for non-UK short-term residents in England and Wales and quick statistics for England and Wales on national identity, passports held and country of birth, with a separate release for Wales only.

Third phase releases: May 2013 – February 2014
Detailed characteristics in some cases determined by geography

Release 3.1 (16 May 2013)
More detailed cross tabulation of data topics: Migration; ethnicity, identity, language and religion; health; and Welsh tables. Based on local authority areas.

Release 3.2 (June 2013 and July 2013)

Release 3.2a (28 June) – Topics: Number of usual residents and number of households for Postcodes. Key statistics for built-up areas. Housing and demography. Based on local authority, regions, country, health areas and national parks.
Release 3.2b (12 July) – Topics: Migration, ethnicity identity, language, religion unpaid care and health. Based on local authority, wards, regions, country, heath areas and national parks.  This release provides the first detailed cross tabulations of two or more topics previously issued in Releases 3.1 and 3.2a for MSOAs and 'Merged Wards'.

Release 3.3 (30 August 2013)
Detailed Characteristics tables for the themes of demography and families at local authority, MSOA and ward level.
English language proficiency for regions, local authorities, 2011 Census Merged Wards and MSOAs in England and Wales.

Release 3.4 (26 September 2013)
Detailed Characteristics tables for communal establishments at local authority, MSOA and ward level

Release 3.5 (November 2013 – February 2014)
Release 3.5a (29 November) Detailed Characteristics tables for labour markets and qualifications at local authority, MSOA and ward level
Release 3.5b (19 December) Detailed Characteristics tables for labour markets and qualifications at local authority, MSOA and ward level
Release 3.5c (26 February) Detailed Characteristics for approximated social grade for MSOAs and wards in England and Wales

Release 3.6 (26 February 2014)
Detailed Characteristics tables for travel to work and armed forces, MSOA and ward level
car or van availability for local authorities

Fourth phase releases: July 2013 – April 2014
Topics will include multivariate data based on combinations of; age, sex resident type, ethnic group, economic activity, general health, provision of unpaid leave, country of birth, occupation, dwelling and accommodation type, household space

Release 4.1 (31 July 2013)
The first Local Characteristics tables for the topics of ethnicity, identity, language and religion for Output Areas, unitary and local authorities and regions.

Release 4.2 (30 August 2013)
Local Characteristics tables for the topics of health and unpaid care for Output Areas. Follow up to Release 3.2b on 12 July 2013.

Release 4.3 (26 September 2013)
Local Characteristic Tables for the topic of migration for Output Areas.

Release 4.4 (January – February 2014)
Release 4.4a (23 January 2014) – Local Characteristic Tables: Demography for Output Areas
Release 4.4b (23 January 2014) – Local Characteristic Tables: Housing for Output Areas

Release 4.5 (February 2014)
Release 4.5a (26 February 2014) – Local Characteristic Tables: Labour market for Output Areas
Release 4.5b (26 February 2014) – Local Characteristic Tables: Occupations for Output Areas

Release 4.6 (26 March 2014)
Local Characteristics on travel to work and car and van availability for Output Areas.

Fifth phase releases: 31 October 2013 – April 2014

Release 5.1 (October 2013)
Release 5.1a (31 October) – Topics: Non UK born short-term resident population statistics for Local Authorities.
Release 5.1b (31 October) – Topics: Workday population statistics for Output Areas (Part 1)

Release 5.2 (April 2014)
Release 5.2a (24 April 2014) – Topics: Workplace Population Statistics using the new workplace zone geography
Release 5.2b (24 April 2014) – Topics: Workday Population Statistics for MSOAs and Output Areas (Part 2)

Release 5.3 (24 September)
Out-of-term time statistics for:- population density, Marital and civil partnership status, sex and age, ethnic group and country of birth, main language, Welsh language, religion, passport held, provision of unpaid care, general health, highest level of qualification, economic activity, hours worked, industry, occupation, length of residence in the UK.

Sixth phase releases (May 2014)
Release 6.1a (23 May 2014) – Migration Statistics for Wales
Release 6.2 (23 May 2014) – Armed Forces Statistics for Local Authorities in England and Wales

Subsequent releases of specialist products
In addition to the six main releases phases further supplementary, smaller scale and specialist releases including; Small population groups, Microdata (teaching files, safeguarded files and secure files), Origin-destination data, and Alternate population bases.

Supplementary Releases via Nomis
Release Sup. 1 (9 April 2014) Local Characteristics tables released on Nomis for:- residence, ethnic group, national identity, language proficiency, long-term health, student accommodation, highest level of qualification and occupation.
Release Sup, 2 (25 May 2014) Local Characteristics tables released on Nomis for:- ethnic group, general health, religion and social grade.
Release Sup, 3 (9 September 2014) Local Characteristics tables released on Nomis – Part 1:- residence, country of birth, long-term and general health, religion, language proficiency, provision of unpaid care, workplace and travel to work.
Release Sup, 4 (28 January 2015) Local and Detailed Characteristics tables released on Nomis – Part 2:- communal establishments.  sex by age with ages below 25 broken down to single year of age

Supplementary Releases of Origin-destination data
Release OD1a Origin-destination data (25 July 2014) (superseded by UK release 25 November 2014) – Internal and international migrants for merged local authorities and MSOAs.
Release OD1a Origin-destination data (25 July 2014) (superseded by UK release 25 November 2014) – Commuting patterns and workplaces for merged local authorities and MSOAs.
Release OD1b Origin-destination data (25 July 2014) – Dependent children Usual and second residences for merged local authorities and MSOAs.
Release OD2 Origin-destination data (25 March 2015) – Location of usual residence and place of work for Output Areas and Workplace Zones

Smaller scale Releases
Release Small population Dataset SP1 (18 December 2014) – specific ethnic group or country of birth population by sex and age.
Release Small population Dataset SP2 (18 December 2014) – separate ethnic group, religion or national identity by sex, age, economic activity, qualifications, provision of unpaid care and disability.

The release plans for Northern Ireland were set out by the NISRA. The release phases are closely synchronised with those of the ONS for England and Wales with some marginal variations to allow for local administrative arrangements. The release phases are as follows:-

First phases releases (July – September 2012)

Release 1.1 (16 July 2012)
Usual resident population by single age and sex.

Release 1.2 (19 September 2012)
Usual resident population by single age and sex for Local Government Districts, etc.  Household number and size by geographic units.

Second phase releases (December 2012 – February 2013)

Release 2.1 (11 December 2012)
Key statistics for NI and Local Government Districts etc.

Release 2.2 (30 January 2013)
Key statistics for Assembly Areas, Electoral Wards, Super Output Areas (SOAs) and Sammer Areas (SAs)

Release 2.3 (28 February 2013)
Quick statistics for all geographies and population and household estimates for lower geographies.

Third phase releases (May – November 2013)

Release 3.1 (16 May 2013)
Detailed characteristics for NI-wide and all local authority and other geographies (including religion, identity and health).

Release 3.2 (28 June 2013)
Detailed characteristics for NI (including ethnicity, country of birth and language).

Release 3.3 (11 September 2013)
Remaining detailed characteristics for NI including labour market and housing.

Release 3.4 (28 November 2013)
All outstanding detailed characteristics for the remaining geographic areas.

Fourth phase release (March 2014)

Release 4.1 (20 March 2014)
Multivariate local characteristic tables and detailed themes around: economic activity; country of birth; occupation; and unpaid care.

Subsequent releases of specialist products
In addition to the three main releases further smaller-scale and specialist releases including; Detailed, Local Characteristics, Special  and Alternative populations:
Release (24 September 2014) Short-Term Resident Population
Release (19 November 2014) Workplace Population Statistics
Release (18 December 2014) Daytime Population Statistics
Release (30 January 2015) Statistics for New Local Government Districts, Wards and Small Areas
Release (26 February 2015) Detailed and Local Characteristics Travel to Work or Place of Study
Release (26 February 2015) Additional Workplace and Daytime Population Statistics

The release plans for Scotland were set out by the GROS Release phase dates are partly in sync with those of the other UK constituent country statistical authorities, however the first release was scheduled for six months after the first releases by the other authorities. Consequently, release of UK-wide data has been scheduled so as to coincide with release plans for Scotland's Census releases. The release phases are as follows:-

First release: (December 2012 – August 2013)
Population estimates, based on resident households, communal establishments and age bands.

Release 1A (17 December 2012)
Estimates of the usually resident population of Scotland rounded to the nearest thousand, broken down by age and sex. An estimate of the total population in each council area, rounded to nearest thousand.

Release 1B (21 March 2013)
Population estimates by five-year age bands and sex for Scotland and each council area. Household estimates. Population and household changes since 2001 census. Population dependency ratios for Scotland and each council area.

Release 1C (July – August 2013)
First release of unrounded population estimates and household communal establishment numbers, by single year of age and sex. (First published as rounded data in December 2012 and March 2013).
 Release 1C (part one) (23 July 2013) National, council areas, and health boards.
 Release 1C (part two) (15 August 2013) postcodes, Output Areas and census datazones.

Second release: (September – December 2013)
Key and quick statistics; Census Profiles; headcounts and geography products. Comprising; Estimates by postcode and geography products. This release will represent the start of the dissemination of detailed census statistics for small areas.

Release 2A (26 September 2013)
Key and quick statistics tables for marriage and civil partnership, ethnicity, religion, language proficiency, country of birth and national identity, heath (excluding long-term health), age, arrival in UK, population and households, housing and accommodation, car and van ownership. Coverage: Scotland, Council Areas and Health Boards.

Release 2B (11 November 2013)
Key and quick statistics tables for Education and Labour Market. Coverage: All output areas and Data Zones. Also the key and quick statistics for the remaining geographies of the topics covered in Release 2a.

Release 2C (18 December 2013)
Key and quick statistics tables for Living Arrangements and Travel to Work Methods. Coverage: All levels of census geographies.

Release 2D (9 April 2014)
Key and quick statistics tables for households, health and deprivation

Third release: (February 2014 onwards)
Local Characteristics tables. Multivariate statistics, comprising a combination of; age, sex, resident type, ethnic group, economic activity, general health and provision of unpaid care, country of birth, and occupation.

Release 3A (27 February 2014)
Detailed Characteristics tables for Ethnicity, National Identity, Language Proficiency and Skills and Religion topics −1

Release 3B (19 March 2014)
Local and Detailed Characteristics tables for Ethnicity, National Identity, Language Proficiency and Skills and Religion topics −2

Release 3C (9 April 2014)
Local and Detailed Characteristics tables for Ethnicity, National Identity, Language Proficiency and Skills and Religion topics −3

Release 3D (15 May 2014)
Local and Detailed Characteristics tables from Marriage and Civil Partnership, Household, Residency, Family and Living Arrangements, English Language Skills

Release 3E (4 June 2014)
Local and Detailed Characteristics tables from Marriage and Civil Partnership, Residency, Family and Living Arrangements, Communial establishments

Release 3F (25 June 2014)
Local and Detailed Characteristics tables for Health, Housing, Population and Diversity

Release 3G (23 July 2014)
Local and Detailed Characteristics tables for Economic Activity and Education

Release 3H (13 August 2014)
Local and Detailed Characteristics tables for Qualifications, Employment and Economic Activity, Travel for Work and Study.

Release 3I (24 September 2014)
Local and Detailed Characteristics tables for Labour Market and Education tables

Release 3J (16 October 2014)
Local and Detailed Characteristics tables including Long-term Health and Care, Housing and Accommodation

Release 3K (6 November 2014)
Local and Detailed Characteristics tables including Household and Residence

Release 3L (27 November 2014)
Local and Detailed Characteristics tables including Transport

Release 3M (18 December 2014)
Local and Detailed Characteristics tables including Transport and Population and Households

Release 3N (29 January 2015)
Local and Detailed Characteristics tables including; Travel to Work, Household, Qualifications and Long-term Health, Social Status and Economic Activity.

Subsequent releases of specialist products
In addition to the three main releases further smaller-scale and specialist releases including; Detailed, Local Characteristics, Special  and Alternative populations:
Release (24 September 2014)Short-Term Resident Population
Release (19 November 2014)Workplace Population Statistics
Release (18 December 2014) Daytime Population Statistics
Release (30 January 2015) Statistics for New Local Government Districts, Wards and Small Areas
Release (26 February 2015) Detailed and Local Characteristics Travel to Work or Place of Study
Release (26 February 2015) Additional Workplace and Daytime Population Statistics

Publication of the 2011 census results
The United Kingdom Statistics Authority is responsible for coordinating the release of census data by the devolved statistics authorities. It publishes UK-wide census data results via the Office for National Statistics (ONS) site. The UK Statistics Authority also provides a central point of reference for all country-specific census data releases via its Publications Hub site.

Primary responsibility for country-specific 2011 census data rests with the statistical authorities for each of the UK's constituent countries. Each authority has at least one dedicated central source from which data can be downloaded or ordered. For England and Wales the ONS provides the access to primary data via its 2011 census site. Additionally, data organised by local authority or post code is available on the Neighbourhood Statistics  site, and nomis, a source of detailed census results which can be assembled into bespoke data sets. For Scotland the General Registrar Office for Scotland (GROS) part of National Records of Scotland (NRS) to maintain access via its Scotlands Census site, and for Northern Ireland the Statistics and Research Authority (NISRA) uses the Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service (NINIS).

Pre-defined statistical tables
The format of all the pre-defined statistical tables is standardised as far as practical across the publishing authorities. Since the 2001 UK Census the naming conventions for the tables have been revised following research into the approaches adopted by other census publishing bodies around the world.

 Key Statistics – KS (same as in 2001)
 Quick Statistics – QS (formerly Univariate (UV) tables)
 Local Characteristics – LC (formerly Census Area Statistics (CAS))
 Detailed Characteristics – DC (formerly Standard (S) tables)
 Themes – T (formerly Standard Themes (T) tables)
 Local Themes – LT (formerly Census Area Statistics Themes (CAST) tables)

Bulk data
The statistical authorities are also making available bulk data in Comma-separated values (CSV) file format which can be downloaded from online data warehouse facilities.

Commissioned data
In addition to the standard releases and online bulk access the statistical authorities provide a commissioned data service whereby other data configurations can be purchased, under license, by customers and will subsequently made freely available to other users.

See also
 Census in the United Kingdom

References

External links

England and Wales
The Official 2011 Census website the official English website
The Official 2011 Census website the official Welsh website
The 2011 Census at the Office for National Statistics
Census 2011 recruitment site
This is Britain with Andrew Marr – BBC programme looking at life in Britain on the eve of the 2011 Census

Scotland
 Scotland's Census 2011

Northern Ireland
 Northern Ireland Census 2011

2011 in the United Kingdom
2011
Lockheed Martin

2011 censuses
March 2011 events in the United Kingdom


Aeolopetra is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1934.

Species
Aeolopetra lanyuensis Yen, 1996
Aeolopetra palaeanthes Meyrick, 1934
Aeolopetra phoenicobapta (Hampson, 1898)

References

Musotiminae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick


Aeolosma is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Aeolosma celata, which is found on Java.

References

Pyraustinae
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Indonesia
Crambidae genera


Aeschremon is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Aeschremon conchylialis (Christoph, 1872)
Aeschremon desertalis Asselbergs, 2008
Aeschremon disparalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)
Aeschremon kabylalis (Rebel, 1902)
Aeschremon ochrealis Asselbergs, 2008
Aeschremon similis Asselbergs, 2008
Aeschremon tenalis Amsel, 1961

References

 Asselbergs (2008). Arthropod fauna of the United Arab Emirates

Odontiini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Julius Lederer


Aethaloessa is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Aethaloessa calidalis (Guenée, 1854)
Aethaloessa floridalis (Zeller, 1852)
Aethaloessa rufula Whalley, 1961

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Julius Lederer


The 1954 Gator Bowl may refer to:

 1954 Gator Bowl (January), January 1, 1954, game between the Texas Tech Red Raiders and the Auburn Tigers
 1954 Gator Bowl (December), December 31, 1954, game between the Auburn Tigers and the Baylor Bears


Gino Cavalieri (25 July 1895 – 15 October 1992) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in more than 20 films between 1937 and 1983.

Filmography

External links

1895 births
1992 deaths
Italian male film actors
20th-century Italian male actors


Aethiophysa is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Aethiophysa acutipennis
Aethiophysa consimilis
Aethiophysa crambidalis
Aethiophysa delicata
Aethiophysa dichordalis (Hampson, 1912)
Aethiophysa dimotalis
Aethiophysa dualis
Aethiophysa extorris (Warren, 1892)
Aethiophysa falcatalis
Aethiophysa invisalis (Guenée, 1854)
Aethiophysa savoralis (Schaus, 1920)
Aethiophysa surinamensis

References

Glaphyriinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Eugene G. Munroe


Aetholix is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Aetholix borneensis Hampson, 1912
Aetholix flavibasalis (Guenée, 1854)
Aetholix indecisalis (Warren, 1896)
Aetholix litanalis (Walker, 1859)
Aetholix meropalis (Walker, 1859)

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Julius Lederer


Agassiziella is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Agassiziella albidivisa (Warren, 1896)
Agassiziella alicialis (Hampson, 1906)
Agassiziella angulipennis (Hampson, 1891)
Agassiziella bambesensis (Ghesquière, 1942)
Agassiziella dianale (Hampson, 1893)
Agassiziella fuscifusalis (Hampson, 1893)
Agassiziella hapilista (Swinhoe, 1892)
Agassiziella irisalis (Walker, 1859)
Agassiziella kwangtungiale (Caradja, 1925)
Agassiziella niveinotatum (Hampson, 1893)
Agassiziella picalis (Guenée, 1854)

References

 , 1999: Catalogue of the Oriental Acentropinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 142 (1): 125–142. Full article: .
 , 1989: Microlepidoptera of Thailand 2: 169.

Acentropinae
Crambidae genera


Agastya is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Frederic Moore in 1881. It contains only one species, Agastya hyblaeoides, described by the same author in the same year, which is found in Sikkim, India.

References

Evergestinae
Moths of Asia
Moths described in 1881


Agathodes is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was first described by Achille Guenée in 1854.

Species
Agathodes bibundalis Strand, 1913
Agathodes caliginosalis Snellen, 1895
Agathodes designalis Guenée, 1854
Agathodes dufayi Rougeot, 1977
Agathodes incoloralis (Hampson, 1918)
Agathodes isabella Viette, 1989
Agathodes minimalis Hampson, 1912
Agathodes modicalis Guenée, 1854
Agathodes musivalis Guenée, 1854
Agathodes ostentalis (Geyer in Hübner, 1837)
Agathodes paliscia Turner, 1908
Agathodes rebeli Tams, 1935
Agathodes thomensis Castel-Branco, 1973
Agathodes transiens Munroe, 1960

References

External links
 Agathodes designalis on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Achille Guenée


Aglaops is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Aglaops aurantialis (Munroe & Mutuura, 1968)
Aglaops genialis (Leech, 1889)
Aglaops homaloxantha (Meyrick, 1933)
Aglaops youboialis (Munroe & Mutuura, 1968)

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by William Warren (entomologist)


Agrammia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Agrammia iridalis Guenée, 1854
Agrammia matronalis Guenée, 1854

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Achille Guenée


Agrioglypta is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Agrioglypta buxtoni (Tams, 1935)
Agrioglypta deliciosa Butler, 1887
Agrioglypta enneactis Meyrick, 1932
Agrioglypta eurytusalis (Walker, 1859)
Agrioglypta excelsalis (Walker, [1866])
Agrioglypta itysalis (Walker, 1859)
Agrioglypta juvenalis (Rebel, 1915)
Agrioglypta malayana (Butler, 1881)
Agrioglypta proximalis (Whalley, 1962)
Agrioglypta samoana (Swinhoe, 1906)
Agrioglypta zelimalis (Walker, 1859)

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick


Marlon Rogério Schwantes (born 27 March 1984) is a Brazilian football defender currently playing for NK Konavljanin in Treća HNL Jug.

After starting his career in his home country, playing for a number of local clubs, including SER Panambi, Passo Fundo and São Luiz, Marlon moved in February 2006 to the second-tier Croatian side NK Solin. After a year there, he signed for the Slovenian first-tier side NK MIK CM Celje. A starter in his first season, he missed the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons due to injury. In the summer of 2010 he signed for the Slovenian second-tier side NK Drava Ptuj, where he played for a year, before moving, in late September 2011, to the Treća HNL Jug side NK Konavljanin.

References

External links
Player profile – PrvaLiga
Player profile – HNL statistika

1984 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Expatriate men's footballers in Croatia
NK Solin players
NK Celje players
Expatriate men's footballers in Slovenia


Irina Olegovna Belova (, born December 28, 1980, in Zavolzhye, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast) is a Russian rhythmic gymnast. She won a gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
People from Zavolzhye, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Russian rhythmic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Russia
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Fifth convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)


Bernard (II) of Świdnica () (c. 1291 – 6 May 1326) was a Duke of Jawor-Lwówek-Świdnica-Ziębice between 1301–1312 (with his brothers as co-rulers), of Świdnica-Ziębice during 1312–1322 (with his brother as co-ruler), and the sole Duke of Świdnica from 1322 until his death.

He was the second son of Bolko I the Strict, Duke of Jawor-Lwówek-Świdnica-Ziębice, by his wife Beatrix, daughter of Otto V the Long, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel.

Life
The death of his older brother Bolko (30 January 1300) made him the heir apparent to the Duchy and future Head of the family. Twenty-three months later (9 November 1301), the unexpected death of his father left Bernard as ruler of all his domains, together with his younger brothers Henry I and Bolko II as co-rulers. However, because the three princes are minors, their guardianship was taken over by their maternal uncle Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel, who also held the regency of the Duchy until 1305, when Bernard was proclaimed an adult and took by himself the government and the custody of his brothers.

In 1312 the first division of the Duchy was made between Bernard and his brothers: Henry I obtained Jawor and Lwówek; Bernard and Bolko II retained Świdnica and Ziębice as co-rulers. Bernard and Bolko II ruled together until 1322, when the second and final division of the Duchy was made: Bolko II received Ziębice and Bernard kept Świdnica.

In foreign politics, Bernard became the guardian of the independence of his sovereignty against his powerful neighbors. The marriage of his sister Beatrix to Duke Louis IV of Bavaria (later German King and Holy Roman Emperor) in 1308 give Bernard a powerful alliance. Two years later, in 1310, Bernard's marriage to Kunigunde, daughter of Władysław I the Elbow-high re-enforced his bonds with the Kingdom of Poland.

In 1311 Bernard took part in the negotiations in Olomouc as a mediator between Duke Bolesław III the Generous of Legnica and King John of Bohemia for the possession of the Duchy of Opawa (Troppau). The dispute ended in a compromise: King John took the Duchy, but had to pay 8,000 fines to Bolesław III as compensation. The contact with the Duke of Legnica allowed him to retake Niemcza.

In the early years of the 1320s, Bernard was involved in an alliance with Władysław I the Elbow-high in a war against the Dukes of Głogów. In the battle of Mühldorf of 1322, Bernard fought with King John and Louis IV, now King of Germany. Shortly afterwards he left for Masuria, where he took part in the expedition organized by the Teutonic Knights against Lithuania.

Bernard died on 6 May 1326 and was buried in Grüssau Abbey. His effective government helped to increase the power of his Duchy, which allowed his son Bolko II to become the last (and most notorious) independent ruler of the Piast dynasty.

Marriage and issue
In 1310, Bernard married Kunigunde (c. 1298 – 9 April 1331), daughter of Władysław I the Elbow-high, Duke of Kuyavia and since 1320 King of Poland. They had five children:
Bolko II the Small (c. 1312 – 28 July 1368).
Constance (c. 1313 – by 21 November 1363), married by March 1326 to Duke Przemko II of Głogów.
Elisabeth (c. 1315 – 8/9 February 1348), married by 6 May 1326 to Duke Bolko II of Opole.
Henry II (c. 1316 – by 28 June 1345).
Beata (c. 1320 – after 9 April 1331).

External links

|-

|-

|-

1290s births
1326 deaths
Piast dynasty
Dukes of Silesia


Yelena Vladimirovna Shalamova (, born 4 July 1982 in Astrakhan) is a Russian rhythmic gymnast. She won a gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References

External links
 Profile  on sports-reference.com

1982 births
Living people
Russian rhythmic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Russia
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Astrakhan
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics


Mariya Vyacheslavovna Netesova ( (born 26 May 1983 in Yekaterinburg) is a Russian rhythmic gymnast. She won a gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Yekaterinburg
Russian rhythmic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Russia
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics


Vera Vladimirovna Shimanskaya (, born 10 April 1981) is a Russian rhythmic gymnast. She won a gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References

External links
 Profile  on sports-reference.com

1981 births
Living people
Russian rhythmic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Russia
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts from Moscow
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics


Irina Zilber ( (born  November 18, 1983 in Yekaterinburg) is a Russian rhythmic gymnast. She won a gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Russian rhythmic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Russia
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Yekaterinburg
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics


Nino Marchetti (21 February 1905 – 19 February 1981) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in 66 films between 1934 and 1973.

Selected filmography

 Melodramma (1934) - Remo
 Le scarpe al sole (1935) - Alpino amico di Toni i Cesco
 Lo squadrone bianco (1936) - Il sodato addetto segretario del capitano Santelia (uncredited)
 The Great Appeal (1936) - Il chirurgo
 Condottieri (1937) - Corrado
 Tonight at Eleven (1938) - Il direttore del cinema
 Ballerine (1938)
 Giuseppe Verdi (1938) - Un amico di verdi a Buseto
 Department Store (1939) - L'ispettore dell'inchiesta (uncredited)
 Dora Nelson (1939) - Il produttore
 Il ponte dei sospiri (1940)
 La granduchessa si diverte (1940)
 The Siege of the Alcazar (1940) - Fernando Ramirez
 Abandonment (1940)
 La danza dei milioni (1940) - Segretario di Walter
 Piccolo alpino (1940) - Rossi
 Non me lo dire! (1940) - L'impiegato del negozio
 The Daughter of the Green Pirate (1940) - Ramon
 Lucky Night (1941)
 Marco Visconti (1941)
 Piccolo mondo antico (1941) - Pedraglio, il cospiratore
 Light in the Darkness (1941) - L'impresario musicale
 Beatrice Cenci (1941) - Un contadino della Petrella
 La pantera nera (1942) - Gerard
 Mater dolorosa (1943)
 The Lovers (1946)
 The White Devil (1947) - Captain Peter
 Les Misérables (1948)
 Tempesta su Parigi (1948)
 Guarany (1948)
 Arrivederci, papà! (1948)
 The Emperor of Capri (1949) - Geremia
 Ring Around the Clock (1950) - Giulio
 L'inafferrabile 12 (1950)
 Song of Spring (1950)
 Anna (1951) - L'infermiere di guardia (uncredited)
 The Overcoat (1952)
 Toto and the King of Rome (1952) - Tavago
 Brothers of Italy (1952) - Il comandante Pullino
 La trappola di fuoco (1952) - The priest
 Il viale della speranza (1953) - Executive at 'Olmo Film'
 Riscatto (1953)
 The Pagans (1953) - Colonel Avilano
 The Treasure of Bengal (1953)
 Avanzi di galera (1954)
 The River Girl (1954) - Maresciallo dei carabinieri
 La campana di San Giusto (1954)
 Orphan of the Ghetto (1954)
 Foglio di via (1954)
 Le avventure di Cartouche (1955) - Tiranno
 Roland the Mighty (1955)
 Il prezzo della gloria (1956) - padre di Ruggero
 Fathers and Sons (1957) - Man at the Driving Lesson (uncredited)
 The Lady Doctor (1957) - (uncredited)
 Il cielo brucia (1958)
 Il romanzo di un giovane povero (1958)
 Big Deal on Madonna Street (1958) - Luigi
 Valeria ragazza poco seria (1958) - Poliziotto
 La sposa (1958) - Il medico
 Herod the Great (1959)
 Hercules Unchained (1959) - Fossore (uncredited)
 Prisoner of the Volga (1959) - Michailow
 Desert Desperados (1959) - Metullus
 La cento chilometri (1959) - Corsetti's Friend with a Dark Suit
 The Cossacks (1960) - Russian Officer
 Lipstick (1960) - Agente di polizia
 The Pharaohs' Woman (1960)
 The Bacchantes (1961) - Theban Citizen (uncredited)
 Blood Feud (1961)
 Gioventù di notte (1961) - Collega Padre di Marco
 The Centurion (1961)
 The Trojan Horse (1961)
 Le magnifiche 7 (1961)
 Toto vs. Maciste (1962) - Gran Dignitario
 A Queen for Caesar (1962) - Messaggero di Pompeius
 Queste pazze pazze donne (1964) - Customer from Bologna ('Siciliani a Milano")
 The Triumph of Hercules (1964) - Thieves' Victim
 Samson and His Mighty Challenge (1964)
 I due pericoli pubblici (1964) - Marshal (uncredited)
 Latin Lovers (1965) - Riccardo (segment "Il telefono consolatore")
 Spiaggia libera (1966)
 Sex Quartet (1965) - The Guest (segment "Fata Marta")
 Non Pensare a Me (1967)
 I criminali della metropoli (1967)
 God Will Forgive My Pistol (1969) - Clock Merchant
 I 2 magnifici fresconi (1969) - Customer from Bologna (uncredited)
 Reverend's Colt (1970) - Deputy Hop
 La ragazza del prete (1970)
 Un burattino di nome Pinocchio (1971) - The Police Officer (voice)
 Le mille e una notte... e un'altra ancora! (1973)

References

External links

1905 births
1981 deaths
Italian male film actors
20th-century Italian male actors


Odoratus is a Latin adjective meaning "fragrant, perfumed" (feminine form odorata, neuter form odoratum), and may refer to:

Aerides odorata, a species of orchid
Aglaia odorata, a species of plant in the family Meliaceae
Anthoxanthum odoratum, known as sweet vernal grass, holy grass, or buffalo grass
Ascalapha odorata bears the common name black witch
Bulbophyllum odoratum, a species of orchid
Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar, Mexican cedar, cigar-box cedar, cedro-cheiroso)
Chromolaena odorata, a shrub of the sunflower family native to North America
Cyperus odoratus, a species of sedge known by the common names fragrant flatsedge and rusty flatsedge
Eucalyptus odorata, a small to medium-sized tree native to south eastern Australia
Galium odoratum (woodruff, wild baby's breath), a flowering perennial plant in the family Rubiaceae, native to Europe, North Africa and western Asia
Henriettella odorata, a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae
Hopea odorata, a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae
Hymenoxys odorata, a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known as bitter rubberweed and western bitterweed
Lupinus odoratus, is a spring wildflower found in the central and western Mojave Desert in the southwestern United States
Mallotus odoratus, synonym of Mallotus peltatus, a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae
Mangifera odorata (also called Kuwini mango, Saipan mango, or fragrant mango) is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae
Morrenia odorata (latexplant, strangler vine) is an ornamental plant in the family Apocynaceae, which is native to Brazil
Nymphaea odorata, a flower also known as the fragrant water lily and beaver root
Nymphaea odorata subsp. odorata, a subspecies of Nymphaea odorata found in the United States
Nymphaea odorata subsp. tuberosa, a subspecies of Nymphaea odorata found in the eastern United States
Odoratus, an extinct genus of brachiopod
Oenothera odorata, a perennial plant in the family Onagraceae native to South America
Oncidium odoratum, a species of orchid
Persicaria odorata, also known as Vietnamese coriander, an herb used in Southeast Asian cuisine
Polygonatum odoratum, a species of plant commonly known as angular Solomon's-seal or scented Solomon's-seal
Prunus odorata, synonym of Prunus mahaleb subsp. mahaleb, a subspecies of plant in the family Rosaceae
Psydrax odorata, also known as alaheʻe in Hawaiian, a flowering shrub in the family Rubiaceae
Rondeletia odorata (the fragrant Panama rose) is originally from Panama and Cuba
Rubus odoratus (purple-flowering raspberry, flowering raspberry, or Virginia raspberry) is a species of Rubus, native to eastern North America
Sternotherus odoratus or stinkpot is a species of small turtle native to southeastern Canada and much of the eastern United States
Tephrosia odorata, a species of legume in the family Fabaceae
Utricularia odorata, a medium-sized, probably perennial carnivorous plant in the family Lentibulariaceae
Vatica odorata, a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae
Viola odorata, a violet in the family Violaceae


Fallen Sanctuary is the second full-length studio album by symphonic metal band Serenity released on August 27, 2008 in Finland; August 29, 2008 in Serenity's home country Austria and Germany. The album was released in the rest of Europe on September 1 and in the US and Canada on September 9. The only single from Fallen Sanctuary is "Velatum."

The album marks the turning point of the band from a power metal group to a symphonic metal. Many aspects of their first album, Words Untold & Dreams Unlived, such as the power riffs and heavy metal influences, remain, but the band adds melodic elements and orchestrations, producing a more melodic, rich sound that are now known for in their music. The band would continue and perfect this addition in all their later albums.

All photos for the album were shot by Caroline Traitler. Artwork and logos for Fallen Sanctuary created by Gustavo Sazes.

History

Fallen Sanctuary was released August 27–29, 2008 through Napalm Records in Europe and September 9, 2008 in the US and Canada.

Originally, the album had a tentative title of Fallen, but later, reflection of a similar album title, Evanescence's album of the same name, gave the band a new direction for the album's name. Fallen Sanctuary was chosen, describing "the point or a statement the band was looking for."

Track 11, "Journey's End", on the Limited Edition album, also appeared in its original state on the band's demo Engraved Within.

Music Video and Single

The album produced the band's first single "Velatum." The word is appropriate for the single as it is the past participle of "velare," meaning to cover, wrap, hide, or conceal. The song itself refers to a hidden or concealed mystery of past lives.

The LTD/Digipack version of Fallen Sanctuary also contains the band's first video clip "Velatum," which was shot by director Robert Geir and "Wildruf" camera crew from July 2 to 5, 2008. The video for "Velatum" was released online on July 17. Costumes for the music video were done by Eva Praxmarer and the make up by Elisabeth Malojer. The video also highlights a string orchestra with composes of violins and basses. Katharina Neuschmid, Isabella Bizai, Karina Nobe, Priska Gasser, Hannah Koll, and Johanna Niederbacher make up the "Velatum Orchestra."

The video starts out with various shots of lead vocalist Georg Neuhauser sitting in a throne like chair mixed with landscapes such as mountain sides and lakes. When Georg drops the goblet he is holding, the song takes off. Glimpses of a mysterious female, played by Caroline Unterrainer, are mixed with shots of the band and orchestra as they play. Georg continues singing as the mysterious female walks through the lake. She slowly makes her way over to Georg and touches his face. Georg is suddenly in a forest, looking for this mysterious woman. He finds her as the song comes to and end, where they embrace. She suddenly vanishes into the lake as the video ends.

Reception

Fallen Sanctuary was met with strong reviews instantly in the metal and symphonic metal world. A review from Sea of Tranquility states "Serenity is one of the best bands to arrive on the metal scene in quite some time. This album is a thing of beauty. The orchestral arrangements and huge choirs really add that progressive element to the music that puts this album in the upper echelon of metal releases...."

The heavy metal website Metal Crypt states, "The production is absolutely first-class, and the vocal mix puts Neuhauser front and center — the kind of recording job where you swear you can hear the guy's nose hairs — it's a demanding position for a singer, as it leaves no room for error, but he rises to the challenge with an amazing performance."

All Music gives the album five stars out of five and About.com states, "Serenity has really stepped up on Fallen Sanctuary. The well-written songs, interesting arrangements and catchy hooks will really appeal to power and progressive metal fans," while giving the band four stars out of five.

Lords of Metal gives the album a 92% and Ultimate Guitar gives 'Fallen Sanctuary' 9.6 out of 10.

Track listing

Personnel

The Band
 Georg Neuhauser – Lead and Backing Vocals
 Thomas Buchberger – Lead and Rhythm Guitars
 Simon Holzknecht – Bass Guitar
 Mario Hirzinger – Keyboard
 Andreas Schipflinger – Drums and Backing Vocals

Guest Musicians
 Oliver Philipps - Additional Keyboards
 Sandra Schleret - Female Vocals (on track #5)
 Maggo Wenze (Tristwood/Inzest) - Death Vocals (on tracks #2 and #10)

Production

 All songs written by Buchberger, Hirzinger and Neuhauser
 Arranged by Serenity, Jan Vacik and Oliver Philipps
 Orchestral arrangements by Oliver Philipps
 Choir arrangements and vocal recordings by Lanvall
 Guest vocal recordings by Thomas Buchberger
 Drum and bass recordings and additional pianos by Jan Vacik
 Additional hours of clipping and editing by Jan Vacik
 Mix and mastering by Jacob Hansen at Hansen Studios

References

External links

Serenity (band) albums
2008 albums
Napalm Records albums


The 1965 Gator Bowl may refer to:

 1965 Gator Bowl (January), January 2, 1965, game between the Florida State Seminoles and the Oklahoma Sooners
 1965 Gator Bowl (December), December 31, 1965, game between the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets and the Texas Tech Red Raiders


Yabrud () is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate in the central West Bank. It is located approximately 13 km northeast of the city of Ramallah and its elevation is 790 m. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) 2017 census, the town had a population of 575.

Location
Yabrud is located 8.7 km northeast of Ramallah. It is bordered by Silwad to the east and north, 'Ein Siniya village to the west, and Silwad and 'Ein Yabrud territories to the south.

History
Potsherds from the Iron Age II and the Byzantine eras have been found here. Byzantine remains have been incorporated into a local wely.

Yaqut (1179–1229) noted about Ein Yabrud and Yabrud: "A village lying north of Jerusalem, on the road from the Holy City to Nabulus, between which and Yabrud is Kafar Natha. It possesses orchards and vineyards, and olives and Sumach trees."

Potsherds from the Crusader/Ayyubid and Mamluk era have also been found here.

Ottoman era
Yabrud was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the nahiya of Al-Quds in the liwa of Al-Quds. It had a population of 28 household; who were all Muslims. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards/fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 3,500 akçe.  Potsherds from the Ottoman era have also been found here.

In 1838, Yebrud was noted as Muslim village in the Beni Murrah district, north of Jerusalem.

In 1870, Victor Guérin described Yabroud as being located on a hill, with five hundred inhabitants, and whose plantations, vineyards and figs were very well maintained.  An Ottoman village list from about the same year, 1870, found that Jabrud had a population of 127, in 36 houses, though the population count included men, only.

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Yebrud as: "a village of small size a hill, with a well and extensive fig gardens or terraces to the east, and olives to the west. The roads are here walled in."

In 1896 the population of Jabrud was estimated to be about 276 persons.

British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Yabrud had a population of 199 Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 254 Muslims, in 60 houses.

In the 1945 statistics Yabrud had a population of 300 Muslims, while the total land area was 2,431 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 1,290 were used for plantations and irrigable land, 350 for cereals, while 26 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas.

Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Yabrud came under Jordanian rule.

In 1961, the population of Yabrud was  349.

1967-present
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Yabrud has been under Israeli occupation.

After the 1995 accords, 79.4% of village land was classified as Area B, the remaining 20.6% as Area C.

References

Bibliography

External links
 Official website - archived (Arabic)
Welcome to Yabrud
Yabrud, Welcome to Palestine
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Riwaq's Registry of Historic Buildings in Palestine - Yabrud (Arabic)
Yabrud village (fact sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ)
Yabrud village profile, ARIJ
Yabrud aerial photo, ARIJ
Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Yabrud Village, ARIJ

Villages in the West Bank
Municipalities of the State of Palestine


Tatyana Vasilyevna Ananko (born June 26, 1984) is a Belarusian rhythmic gymnast. She won a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She was born in Minsk, Belarus.

References

1984 births
Living people
Belarusian rhythmic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Belarus
Olympic silver medalists for Belarus
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts from Minsk
21st-century Belarusian women


Tatyana Valeryevna Belan (born November 10, 1982) is a Belarus rhythmic gymnast. She won a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She was born in Minsk, Belarus.

References

1982 births
Living people
Belarusian rhythmic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Belarus
Olympic silver medalists for Belarus
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts from Minsk


Anna Glazkova (born July 29, 1981) is a Belarus rhythmic gymnast. She won a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References

Olympic gymnasts for Belarus
Olympic silver medalists for Belarus
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
1981 births
Living people
Belarusian rhythmic gymnasts
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
State University of Management alumni
People from Salihorsk
Sportspeople from Minsk Region
20th-century Belarusian women


Irina Ilyenkova is a Belarus rhythmic gymnast. She won a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References

Olympic gymnasts for Belarus
Olympic silver medalists for Belarus
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Living people
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Belarusian rhythmic gymnasts

Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics


Mariya Mikhaylovna Lazuk (born October 15, 1983) is a Belarus rhythmic gymnast. She won a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She was born in Minsk, Belarus.

References

1983 births
Living people
Belarusian rhythmic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Belarus
Olympic silver medalists for Belarus
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts from Minsk


Olga Puzhevich is a Belarus rhythmic gymnast. She won a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References

Olympic gymnasts for Belarus
Olympic silver medalists for Belarus
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Living people
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Belarusian rhythmic gymnasts

Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics


Anders Järryd was the defending champion but did not compete that year.

Miloslav Mečíř won in the final 6–0, 3–6, 6–2, 6–2 against John McEnroe.

Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.

  Boris Becker (withdrew)
  Stefan Edberg (semifinals)
  John McEnroe (final)
  Mats Wilander (quarterfinals)

Draw

References
1987 WCT Finals Draw (Archived 2009-05-08)

Singles


Eirini Aindili (; born 11 March 1983 in Euboia) is a Greek rhythmic gymnast. She won a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
People from Euboea (regional unit)
Greek rhythmic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Greece
Olympic bronze medalists for Greece
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Central Greece


Evangelia "Eva" Christodoulou (; born 27 September 1983) is a Greek rhythmic gymnast. She won a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

Living people
1983 births
Greek rhythmic gymnasts
Gymnasts from Athens
Olympic gymnasts for Greece
Olympic bronze medalists for Greece
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics


Maria Georgatou (; born 10 May 1984 in Athens) is a Greek rhythmic gymnast. She won a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

Personal
Maria Georgatou is from Corfu.

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Greek rhythmic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Greece
Olympic bronze medalists for Greece
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts from Athens


Zacharoula "Zara" Karyami (; born 7 April 1983 in Athens) is a Greek rhythmic gymnast. She won a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Gymnasts from Athens
Greek rhythmic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Greece
Olympic bronze medalists for Greece
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
21st-century Greek women


Charikleia Pantazi (; born 18 March 1985 in Athens) is a Greek rhythmic gymnast. She won a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

Living people
1985 births
Greek rhythmic gymnasts
Gymnasts from Athens
Olympic gymnasts for Greece
Olympic bronze medalists for Greece
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
20th-century Greek women
21st-century Greek women


Anna Pollatou (; 8 October 1983, in Kefalonia, Greece – 17 May 2014, in a car-crash near Varda, Ilia, Greece), was a Greek rhythmic gymnast. She won a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics. One year before, in 1999, Pollatou (at the age of 16) won 3 medals (a silver in the group all around and two golds in the event finals) at the World Championship in Osaka, Japan and 3 gold medals at the European Championship which took place in Budapest, Hungary.

References

External links

1983 births
2014 deaths
Greek rhythmic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Greece
Olympic bronze medalists for Greece
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
People from Argostoli
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Road incident deaths in Greece
Sportspeople from the Ionian Islands (region)
20th-century Greek women
21st-century Greek women


Asserbo Charterhouse is a fortress and Carthusian monastery ruin in the small town of Asserbo north of Frederiksværk on North Zealand in Denmark.

The monastery was founded by Bishop Absalon in the later part of the 12th century and functioned as a short-lived Carthusian monastery. It later came under Sorø Abbey and parts of it under Esrum Abbey and remained so until the end of the middle ages. In that period the buildings were used as a farmhouse or small manor and administered as a so-called Grangier (farmhouse and nearby buildings) by the monks of Sorø Abbey. Originally it comprised a main building, a tower with a cellar, various cellars and some half-timbered houses. The buildings were founded on a structure of large bricks, known as monk bricks. The site was surrounded by an embankment and access was only possible by a drawbridge from the north side. In 1248 we know from written sources, that Asserbo Chartehouse had developed into a small village, the village now known as Asserbo.

From the 15th century Asserbo charterhouse was leased to various noble families, until Steward of the Realm Poul Laxmand took ownership in 1490. From then on, the ownership shifted between The Crown and various noble families until the start of the 18th century, when it was left to the devastating drifting sands of the time.

The drifting sands and dunes were eventually stopped in the 1730s and covered by the plantation of Tisvilde Hegn (English: Tisvilde Fence). The charterhouse was dug free in 1849 and the embankments were restored in 1972.

The Carthusian charterhouse
While Eskil, archbishop of Lund, was in exile in France he came into contact in 1156 with the Carthusians, either at the Grande Chartreuse or at Mont-Dieu Charterhouse, and was inspired to attempt a Carthusian foundation in Denmark.

Asserbo Charterhouse, in his diocese, was the result, and appears to have been founded in 1163, although there is evidence of a Carthusian presence there from 1162. The site however proved unsuitable, and the monastery was abandoned in 1169.

References

Sources

 Aigner, Thomas, 2004: Monasticon cartusiense, vol. 2 (eds. Gerhard Schlegel and James Hogg). Analecta cartusiana, n° 185.2. Salzburg: Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik
 Asserbo Danish Nature Agency
 Asserbo Castle-ruin - ruins from the 11th century Frederiksværk Guide
 A failed monastery foundation Gyldendals' Open Encyclopedia
 Asserbo - Absalon's gift swallowed by sand 1001 stories of Denmark. Danish Agency for Culture.

Carthusian monasteries in Denmark
1163 establishments in Europe
12th-century establishments in Denmark
1169 disestablishments in Europe
12th-century disestablishments in Denmark
Christian monasteries established in the 12th century
Buildings and structures in Gribskov Municipality


The Temp is a 1993 American neo-noir psychological thriller film directed by Tom Holland and starring Timothy Hutton, Lara Flynn Boyle, and Faye Dunaway. Its plot follows a troubled businessman whose life is upturned after the arrival of a mysterious female temp worker in his office. Oliver Platt, Dwight Schultz, Steven Weber, and Maura Tierney appear in supporting roles.

Written by Kevin Falls and Tom Engleman, The Temp was originally conceived as a thriller with pronounced elements of dark humor, but was reshaped by its studio, Paramount Pictures, into a more straightforward thriller, based on the success of such films as The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (1992). Principal photography took place in Portland, Oregon, in the spring of 1992.

The film was slated for a Christmastime release in December 1992, but, after Holland's original climactic sequence proved too violent for test audiences, Paramount mandated that a new ending be added. Reshoots of the climactic sequence began in January 1993, approximately one month before its rescheduled release date of February 12, 1993. The Temp was a box-office bomb, grossing only $6 million. It received generally negative reviews, with some critics praising the performances, though many commented that the film seemed tonally uneven.

Plot
Peter Derns is a recently-divorced father and executive for a baked goods company in Portland, Oregon, who has just been released from a clinic after being treated for paranoia. On his first day back at work, he is upset to find that his company has been taken over by a major food conglomerate who are making cutbacks. Peter's ruthless boss and supervisor, Charlene, demands a complete report by Peter on a new product the following day. When Peter's personal assistant, Lance, is unavailable, he frets that he will never make the deadline. But to Peter's good fortune, the company assigns him a temp worker, an attractive young Stanford graduate named Kris Bolin.

Kris quickly endears herself to Peter by solving product issues and proving herself unflaggingly loyal and quick-witted. Simultaneously, various people around the office meet with unfortunate "accidents", beginning when Lance is maimed by a paper shredder, forcing him to take an extended leave of absence. Peter's workplace rival, Hartsell, is subsequently found dead from a wasp sting in his stalled car on the Marquam Bridge, while Jasser is later found hanging in his office in an apparent suicide. Each of these successive deaths give Peter unearned promotions in the company. When Peter inquires about why Kris would take such a low-earning position given her educational background, she tells him she prefers to work temp jobs in order to see how she fits within the company, and that she has yet to find the "right fit." In conversation, Kris explains that a photo of a man and child on her desk is her estranged husband, Mark, and daughter, Lizzy.

After Peter refuses Kris's advances for a sexual relationship, he finds himself the subject of various professional troubles that threaten his career. Believing he is being sabotaged and gaslit, Peter suspects his old friend from a rival company, Montroe, as well as Charlene, whom he theorizes may be trying to save her career by destroying his; he also suspects Kris. Peter begins researching Kris's past with the help of Sara, another secretary, and discovers that Kris's former boss died mysteriously. He also learns that Kris never attended Stanford. Peter confronts her, but she denies his accusations. The following morning, Peter is shunned in the office after someone frames him for leaking confidential company information. However, Kris comes to his aid by accepting responsibility for the "computer error," which earns Peter's promotion to vice president and Kris's promotion to marketing executive.

As a reward, Charlene sends Peter and Kris to the company's bakery on a weekend retreat. En route, they find that the brakes to Kris's car have been tampered with. After checking into the hotel, Peter gets a message from Charlene about an emergency at the bakery. Upon going there, he finds a dead security guard, and Kris, who appears to be suffering from a mild concussion. He is subsequently hit over the head by an unseen assailant. In his disoriented state, Peter wanders out of the office to see Kris struggling with Charlene along a catwalk. Peter intervenes to prevent Charlene from strangling Kris to death. In the melee, Charlene falls from a plank and is left hanging from a railing. He attempts to pull her up but she falls to her death, but not before saying, "The picture".

Months later, Peter is rebuilding his relationship with his wife Sharon and their son, and has been made president of the company. As he settles into Charlene's former office, he discovers several identical framed photos left behind of Kris's husband and daughter; he is shocked when Charlene's secretary, Rosemary, explains that the picture frames were a cheap gift from her to Charlene, and that the pictures in them are stock photos the frames came with. Recalling Charlene's final words, Peter realizes that she too had detected Kris's duplicity. Peter confronts Kris about the photo, and accuses her of orchestrating the bakery incident to kill Charlene, and possibly himself. Kris again tries to assuage him, explaining that she presented the photo as her husband and daughter as a means of discouraging male co-workers from hitting on her. Peter, finally realizing that Kris is a master manipulator and sociopath, knows he cannot prove her culpability in any of the events. To rid himself of Kris once and for all, Peter simply fires her, and orders her detained until the police can escort her out.

Cast

Analysis
The Temp has been identified as one of a series of neo-noir revival films from the early 1990s that focus on femme fatales within the corporate ladder, such as Basic Instinct (1992), Disclosure (1994), and The Last Seduction (1994).

Production

Concept
The screenplay was written by Kevin Falls and Tom Engelman. According to Falls, the screenplay was finished in 1989. In an interview at the time of the production, Holland described the film as an "erotic thriller with comedy overtones."

Producer David Permut likened the film to "Working Girl gone bad," and stated that he had been assisting in developing the project for several years before production began. "I've always been interested in those people who come into our lives and have access to all our information," Permut said. "We all have people in our lives like this, and if they want to, they can use it against us."

Casting
Timothy Hutton was cast in the lead role of Peter Derns in March 1992. Lara Flynn Boyle, who had recently acquired fame for her portrayal of Donna Hayward on David Lynch's series Twin Peaks, was cast in the female lead role of Kris Bolin. For the role, Boyle gained . In the role of Charlene, Peter's domineering boss, Faye Dunaway was cast. Dunaway wrote in her autobiography that she had accepted the role as she felt the film had the potential to become a mainstream hit, and to allow her to reconnect with a larger audience.

Filming

Principal photography began on April 9, 1992, and filming mainly took place in and around Portland, Oregon. The majority of filming took place in the historic Princeton Building in downtown Portland. Additional filming took place in the South Park Blocks on the Portland State University campus, while the company picnic sequence was shot at Battle Ground Lake in Washington, approximately  from Portland. Additional live footage of a basketball game between the Portland Trail Blazers and Golden State Warriors, attended by Hutton and Dunaway, was completed in the Portland Memorial Coliseum; this footage was featured in the film. The sequence where Peter and Kris drive along the coast was filmed on Highway 101 between Cannon Beach and Manzanita, Oregon.

Filming concluded in June 1992. In an interview with local journalists, actress Faye Dunaway commented that she was "glad to be in Gus Van Sant territory," referencing the local filmmaker. Hutton later recalled of the shoot: "There were a lot of differences of opinion. Not with the cast, but with everybody else, in terms of what kind of movie was being made. The script read like a kind of interesting sort of character study of what happens to a man’s life when his family falls apart and he’s not happy with his job, and then this temp ends up coming in and sort of grabbing this person at their most vulnerable moment and taking over their life." Additionally, Hutton stated that he suspected the studio had been influenced by the success of The Hand That Rocks the Cradle, released the year before, and had attempted to mould the film into something similar, thus interfering with the original screenplay, which incorporated more dark humor.

Several cast and crew members recalled that, upon arriving in Portland, Dunaway became increasingly demanding.

Post-production
The film's original ending, as filmed by Holland, had Peter fighting for his life against Kris inside the bakery factory. The tussle results in Peter being thrown into cookie dough before falling onto a large conveyor belt; in the struggle, Kris's hand is chopped off by a piece of machinery before the conveyor belt slides her into an oven, incinerating her. When this conclusion proved too gruesome for test audiences, Paramount ordered that a new ending be added. The film had been scheduled for a December 1992 release, but was pushed back to accommodate reshoots.

Several writers devised alternate climaxes to the film, some of which had Kris as the killer, and others that revealed Charlene as the real villain, in a twist ending. On January 18, 1993, less than one month before the film was scheduled to premiere, reshoots of the climactic sequence began, as Paramount rushed to complete the film. In the final theatrical cut, the finale has Charlene falling to her death in the factory, followed by a dénouement in which Peter realizes that Charlene knew of Kris's lies; upon confronting Kris, Peter fires her. Screenwriter Falls, who was not involved in writing the climax as seen in the final theatrical cut, described it as a "mess," though he conceded that the original ending was "too violent." Engelman, the co-writer, commented that he and Falls had originally envisioned an ending that was "much more comic...  what we ended up with was a more straight-lined thriller." The final scene in which Peter fires Kris was written by Nick Meyer.

Falls reflected on the last act of the film: "The ending is the result of a collaborative effort on the part of the filmmakers, the test audiences and the studio. The studio system, for better or worse, operates by collaboration." Dunaway expressed extreme displeasure with the reshoots, commenting: "Once again, I could see myself being thrown into playing the extreme — what was initially conceived as a character in the tradition of Diana in Network was being turned into a high-gloss female executive/slasher. The new ending wasn't enough to salvage the film, though. By the final scene, it didn't matter who was the killer, the film had been dead for an hour at least."

Release

Box office
The film was released on February 12, 1993, in 1,438 theatres, and grossed $2.8 million during its opening weekend. It was considered a box office bomb, finishing with $6.4 million domestically, under its $15 million budget.

Critical response
Hal Hinson of The Washington Post commented on the film's tone, writing: "Some of the movie plays as if it were intended to be tongue-in-cheek, but other parts are played straight, making it appear that Holland and his screenwriter Kevin Falls couldn't make up their minds about what sort of movie they wanted to make. The performers look a little baffled too." Janet Maslin of The New York Times similarly commented that the film "starts well and runs into trouble about midway through. It never quite decides how evil or powerful Kris ought to be, which means the film's improbably violent moments seem tacked-on," though praised Hutton's performance as "confident and appealing." Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly panned the film, awarding it a D rating and deeming it "a lethally predictable thriller."

Writing for the Chicago Tribune, Johanna Steinmeitz noted that director Holland "deserves credit for suspenseful pacing and for eliciting committed-if one-dimensional-performances," but ultimately felt that the film "belongs on a shelf with five-and-dime windup toys. It works fairly well, in a mechanical sort of way, if you don't mind second-rate story material and cheap plot devices."

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 32% based on 22 reviews. The site's critical consensus states: "The Temp has an intriguing résumé, but consistently underperforms; immediate reassignment is recommended." Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale.

Dunaway won the Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actress for her performance in the film.

Home media
Paramount Home Video released The Temp on VHS on August 25, 1993. Paramount subsequently issued the film on DVD on April 16, 2002. Shout! Factory released the film for the first time on Blu-ray on January 11, 2022. The disc contains interviews with Tom Holland, actress Lin Shaye, special effects artist Steve Johnson and editor Scott Conrad as well as a theatrical trailer.

See also
 Sliver

References

Sources

External links

1993 films
American neo-noir films
American psychological thriller films
American serial killer films
1990s English-language films
Films directed by Tom Holland
Films set in offices
Films about stalking
Films set in Portland, Oregon
Films shot in Oregon
Films shot in Portland, Oregon
Films shot in Washington (state)
Golden Raspberry Award winning films
Paramount Pictures films
1990s psychological thriller films
1990s American films