Events in the year 1770 in Norway.

Incumbents
Monarch: Christian VII

Events
26 January - Jacob Benzon is appointed Steward of Norway.

Arts and literature

26 January - Ballet was performed by Madame Stuart, possibly the first ballet ever performed in Oslo.

Full date unknown
The construction of Eidsvollsbygningen was finished.

Births
25 April - Georg Sverdrup, philologist (died 1850)
4 August - Christen Thorn Aamodt, priest (died 1836)

Full date unknown
Anders Trulsson Bruland, civil servant and politician (died 1818)

Deaths
19 April – Jürgen Christoph von Koppelow,  nobleman and officer (born 1684)
10 September – Michael Heltzen, mining engineer (born 1712).

See also

References


The Dance of Death & Other Plantation Favorites (originally issued as Vol. 3: The Dance of Death & Other Plantation Favorites) is the third album by American fingerstyle guitarist and composer John Fahey, released in 1965. The 1999 reissue contained four previously unreleased tracks.

History
In the early 1960s, Fahey was enrolled in the graduate program in folklore studies at UCLA. In the summer of 1964, along with Bill Barth and Henry Vestine, Fahey visited the South where they “rediscovered” blues great Skip James. Fahey and ED Denson formally created Takoma Records in 1963. With increased distribution, Fahey's albums began to enjoy increased sales and popularity, though he had not as yet publicly performed on stage. As Matt Hanks stated in his article "Age Against the Machine" for No Depression, "For some reason, the hippies loved it." For his part, Fahey stated in his liner notes for his 1996 release City of Refuge, "I do hope that nobody will try to make me out as a child of the sixties. I was playing what I play before and after the sixties. This period had very little influence on me. I was never a hippie, and had no hippie friends."

The album was recorded at Adelphi Studios by Gene Rosenthal. Rosenthal would later create Adelphi Records, naming his label after Fahey's song "The Downfall of the Adelphi Rolling Grist Mill". He also claimed three other unused tracks from these sessions were used on subsequent releases by Fahey. Over 30 songs were recorded during the three-day sessions.

Of the sessions, Fahey recalled, ""It was an interesting session. It was the only one I ever did on marijuana and whiskey. It was kind of bouncy, you know. Another reason for that—I didn't actually own a good guitar at that time, so I was using Bill Barth's guitar, which was a big J-something Gibson and it had a real high action, so I couldn't hold the strings down very well."

"The Last Steam Engine Train" was covered by Leo Kottke on his 1969 album 12-String Blues and again on his 1973 album Greenhouse.

"On the Banks of the Owchita" is a duet with guitarist Bill Barth which uses a musical refrain composed by Ravi Shankar (credited in the liner notes) for Satyajit Ray's The World of Apu. The 1999 reissue bonus track "Steel Guitar Rag" is based on "Guitar Rag",  Sylvester Weaver's original version of the song. "Wine and Roses" was later re-titled as "The Red Pony". "Poor Boy" became a Fahey standard.

Fahey continued writing liner notes in a similar vein as his previous two releases, attributing them to "Elijah P. Lovejoy". The notes were extensive, pseudo-academic, and humorous — all included in a booklet, which would often be the case on early releases by Fahey. Andy Beta, of The Village Voice described Fahey's liner notes in a 2006 article: "Doctoring loquacious, ludicrous liner notes for his self-released work that tempered his arrogant self-mythologizing with hilarious self-effacement, he mocked the academic bluster of scholars and revivalists. He renames his Fonotone patron "Joseph Buzzard," records as Blind Joe Death, or else espouses his work as "expert" Elijah P. Lovejoy." and  noise guitarist and writer Alan Licht noted that Fahey "did as much to take folk out of the hands of squares as his music did," and he suffered lightly those that pined for the past."

The notes on The Dance of Death included an extensive discography and the  basic theme of the notes is the search for John Fahey and his musical legacy:

"Prior to his discovery in 1958 by a Takoma research team Fahey had played as a guitarist for a bluegrass band; often appearing with Bill Hancock and Greg Eldridge, but no recordings are known from this period. Sometime in 1956 he was smote to the ground by a bolt of lightning. Upon awakening he heard Blind Willie Johnson singing and from that time onward he ceased playing hillbilly and concentrated upon blues. His first recordings were made under somewhat mysterious circumstances for the Fonotone company—a pioneer in the folkfield.

Shortly before she met her tragic end by impalement when a chair rung she was tuning slipped from place under terrific pressure, Mrs Petranick informed us that John had the knowledge to operate recording equipment and that he was a hypnotist. Evidently, he would go to Fonotone with Blind Joe Death and Blind Thomas. The next morning the A & R man would awaken with a slight headache and a stack of unidentified masters. Needless to say this has left some ambiguity in the records of the company. We have here listed all recordings made by any of these artists, regardless of the name used on the label. While doubtless some of them are by Death or Thomas or even Firk, all of them are of considerable merit and we felt it best to take the risk of including a few too many, rather than risk leaving any out."

Reception

In the liner notes for the 1999 reissue, Lee Gardner comments "[It] represents the first, best recorded declaration from Fahey that he was interested in transforming his music into a vehicle for personal expression that built on his influences but accepted none of their prosaic boundaries. Nowadays this sort of concept is a given. But it didn't exist until Fahey took it on, and precious few of those who have followed him took it farther than he did."

In reviewing The Dance of Death & Other Plantation Favorites for Allmusic, music critic Richie Unterberger called it "One of Fahey's less eccentric early efforts, featuring relatively straightforward instrumentals showcasing his deft finger work and occasional keening slide."

In his review of the 1999 reissue, Alex Henderson called the CD "...essentially a folk album, but a folk album with strong country and blues leanings... this album makes it clear that even back in 1964 Fahey was quite original."

Music critic Ivan Emke referred to the original album as "the one that helped to launch his reputation. Much of it is inspired by the country blues and Delta sounds that he had been drawn to, and yet it was obvious that Fahey [was] taking the tunes to places they hadn't been before... a classic; it provides a snapshot of a musician in transition."

In 2013, Spin included the album on their list of "The Top 100 Alternative Albums of the 1960s", calling it "a gorgeous, holistic, and wildly exploratory album, the reverberations of which continue to bubble up everywhere — from William Tyler and Daniel Bachman to Matt Valentine and beyond."

Reissues
The original cover of The Dance of Death & Other Plantation Favorites was simply a white cover with black lettering of the title. It was reissued by Takoma in 1967 with new artwork similar in style to that of the 1967 reissues of Blind Joe Death and Death Chants, Breakdowns & Military Waltzes.
The Dance of Death & Other Plantation Favorites was reissued by Takoma in 1999 on CD with four bonus tracks.

Track listing
All songs credited to John Fahey unless otherwise noted.

Side one
 "Wine and Roses" – 3:28
 "How Long" – 2:55
 "On the Banks of the Owchita" – 3:52
 "Worried Blues" – 2:24
 "What the Sun Said" – 10:11

Side two
 "Revelation on the Banks of the Pawtuxent" – 2:34
 "Poor Boy" (Fahey, Bukka White) – 3:19
 "Variations on the Coocoo" (arr: Fahey, Clarence Ashley) – 4:00
 "The Last Steam Engine Train" – 2:18
 "Give Me Corn Bread When I'm Hungry" – 3:12
 "Dance of Death" – 7:39

1999 reissue bonus tracks:
 "Tulip (AKA When You Wore a Tulip and I Wore a Big Red Rose)" (Arr: Fahey, Jack Mahoney, Percy Wenrich) – 2:43
 "Daisy Bell (A Bicycle Built for Two)" (Arr: Fahey, Harry Dacre) – 1:20
 "The Siege of Sevastopol" (Arr: Fahey) – 1:22
 "Steel Guitar Rag" (Traditional) – 2:10

Personnel
John Fahey – guitar
Bill Barth – guitar ("On the Banks of the Owchita")
Production notes:
ED Denson – producer
Gene Rosenthal – engineer
Bill Belmont – reissue producer
Joe Tarantino – remastering
John Fahey – original liner notes
Lee Gardner – reissue liner notes
Tom Weller – original design
Deb Sibony – reissue design
Jamie Putnam – reissue art direction

References

1965 albums
John Fahey (musician) albums
Takoma Records albums
Death in music


The 2009 Mobil 1 12 Hours of Sebring was the 57th running of the 12 Hours of Sebring and the opening round of the 2009 American Le Mans Series season. It took place at the Sebring International Raceway, Florida on March 21, 2009. Three new cars made their debut at Sebring: Audi's diesel R15 TDI, Acura's first LMP1 entry the ARX-02a, and the return of the BMW M3 to the GT2 category. It was also the last time GT1 category raced at the event.

Tom Kristensen, Allan McNish, and Rinaldo Capello won, Audi's ninth Sebring victory in eleven attempts, and set several event records in the process. Peugeot fell 22 seconds short of the winning Audi. While Acura's LMP1s failed to survive for twelve hours, their lone LMP2 entry was the sole finisher in the category and earned Fernández Racing their first ALMS victory. The GT1 category was fought amongst only the two Corvette Racing cars, while GT2's battle of manufacturers was won by Ferrari and the Risi Competizione team.

Entry
For the start of the American Le Mans Series season, 28 cars were officially entered, with the bulk of the entries in LMP1 and GT2.  The 2008 race winners, Penske Racing Porsche, did not return to defend their title. Four manufacturers were represented in LMP1, including a duo of R15 TDIs, Audi's latest diesel prototype, being entered by Joest Racing. Peugeot returned once more with their 908 HDi FAP, entering two cars compared to last year's single Sebring entry. Acura made their LMP1 debut with the new ARX-02a being run by de Ferran Motorsport and Highcroft Racing, while the remaining two entries were Lola-AERs entered by Intersport Racing and Autocon Motorsports. LMP2 consisted of two teams entering three cars, with Fernández Racing once again running an Acura and Dyson Racing partnering with Mazda for two Lola coupés.

GT1 was once again left to just Corvette Racing with two cars, while GT2 dominated the entry list with 15 cars. Porsche was represented by two cars each from Flying Lizard Motorsports and VICI Racing, as well as a single entry for Farnbacher-Loles Racing. Ferrari once again aligned with Risi Competizione for two cars, while the Italian-Argentinian Advanced Engineering PeCom team also represents the brand. BMW made their return to the series with two M3 E92s for Rahal Letterman Racing. The rest of the GT2 field was made of a mix of teams and automotive brands, including LG Motorsport's Chevrolet Corvette, PTG's Panoz, Primetime's Dodge Viper, Robertson's Ford GT, and Drayson's Aston Martin.

Report

Qualifying
Held on Thursday, March 19, two 15-minute qualifying sessions were held to determine the starting grid. The two GT categories qualified in the first session, led by the two GT1 Corvettes. Only setting a few laps, the #4 Corvette of Oliver Gavin out qualified his teammate, Jan Magnussen. In GT2 Porsche locked in the first two spots on the grid, led by Dirk Werner of Farnbacher-Loles. Advanced Engineering PeCom led Ferrari with a third place spot, while Robertson Racing's Ford GT earned fifth. BMW's debut was hampered by mechanical problems for the #92 car, while the #90 of Bill Auberlen qualified seventh.

In the LMP qualifying session, Acura was able to upset both Audi and Peugeot by earning pole position in their LMP1 debut. De Ferran Motorsports' driver Scott Dixon outpaced Tom Kristensen's Audi by less than a tenth of a second, while Christian Klien led Peugeot to third. Acura earned a second pole position in the session as Fernández Racing led the LMP2 category, nearly two seconds ahead of the fastest Dyson Lola-Mazda.

After qualifying the VICI team, who had one qualifier, withdrew from the event. This decreased the starting grid to 26 cars.

Qualifying result
Pole position winners in each class are marked in bold.

Race
The field crossed the starting line to begin the 12 Hours of Sebring at 10:30 am EST. Although the de Ferran Acura led from pole position, the lead of the race was quickly taken by Audi before the first turn, followed by Peugeot. The #08 Peugeot started at the tail of the field due to power steering problems forcing it to begin from pit lane. One of the two Rahal Letterman BMW's also suffered problems on the grid and had to be taken to the garage, finally starting the race nearly an hour late. An early on track incident was a collision between the #40 Robertson Ford and the #45 Flying Lizard Porsche, with the Porsche requiring extensive repairs.

During pit stops in the first few hours of the race, Audi changed their Michelin tires at every opportunity while Peugeot opted to change tires at every other pit stop. This allowed Peugeot to take the lead. The Highcroft Acura suffered a spin in the hands of David Brabham, forcing the Robertson Ford to evade the Acura and hit the wall outside Sunset Bend, bringing out the first full-course caution. A second caution was required an hour later to retrieve the Intersport Lola-AER after its engine failed while on the circuit.

While Sébastien Bourdais led the race in Peugeot #08, he suffered a spin on Sunset Bend while diminished his lead by 20 seconds, but he was able to continue. The #07 Peugeot however came to the pits for a lengthy stop to repair an air conditioning fan in the cockpit, dropping it from contention. Meanwhile, the Dyson Racing Team retired their two cars from the event, as did the remaining Rahal Letterman BMW, all due to engine failures.

A third caution period came out when David Brabham once again spun his Highcroft Acura, this time making light contact with a wall. While Peugeot still led in the eighth hour of the race, Audi began to double stint their tires for the first time when Lucas Luhr brought the third place Audi in for a scheduled stop but did not change tires. This aided Audi in retaking the lead from Peugeot during the race's ninth hour. Peugeot #08 then suffered a small leak in a rear tire, requiring the team to make an unscheduled pit stop to replace it. The two LMP1 Acuras meanwhile suffered mechanical problems, eventually leading to the retirement of both de Ferran and Highcroft.

In the closing hours, the #45 Porsche, having rebounded from its incident early in the race, was attempting to pass the PTG Panoz for third place in GT2 when the two came into contact at the exit of Sunset Bend. The Porsche, driven by Marc Lieb, was spun into the concrete wall and required extensive repairs while the Panoz continued on. In the closing hours, Peugeot and Audi traded the lead as each team made their respective pit stops. Peugeot #08 led as it came to the pits for its final stop, but Audi needed only a short refuel on their final stop several laps later. This allowed Audi driver Allan McNish to exit the pits after his final stop ahead of Peugeot with only fifteen minutes remaining. By the race finish the margin of victory between the #2 Audi and #08 Peugeot was 22 seconds.

Tom Kristensen earned his record fifth overall win. The #2 Audi covered a distance of  at an average speed of , both of which were new event records. The Lowe's Fernández Racing Acura was the sole survivor in LMP2, finishing in fourth overall, while Corvette Racing #3 outperformed its teammate in GT1. The GT2 class was won by the Ferrari of Risi Competizione, while the European Advanced Engineering PeCom Ferrari was second. Panoz completed the GT2 class podium. In the Michelin Green X Challenge, the race winning #2 Audi was the most efficient LMP, while the #3 Corvette lead GTs.

Race result
Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 70% of winner's distance marked as Not Classified (NC).

References

External links
 American Le Mans Series
 Sebring International Raceway

Sebring
12 Hours of Sebring
12 Hours Of Sebring
12 Hours Of Sebring


Alex Crombie (born 1876) was an English footballer who played as a winger for Reading and Burslem Port Vale at the start of the 20th century.

Career
Crombie played for Morpeth Harriers and Southern League side Reading, before joining Second Division club Burslem Port Vale in July 1905. He scored in a 4–3 win over Chesterfield at the Athletic Ground on 9 September, and was a regular first team player from September 1905 to February 1906, at which point he lost his first team place. He departed at the end of the 1905–06 season, having made 17 league and five cup appearances for the Vale.

Career statistics
Source:

References

1876 births
Year of death missing
People from Berwick-upon-Tweed
Footballers from Northumberland
English men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Reading F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Southern Football League players
English Football League players


UCST may refer to:

 United Church Schools Trust, a UK educational charity
 Upper critical solution temperature, in chemistry


Arnold Rönnebeck (May 8, 1885 – November 14, 1947) was a German-born American modernist artist and museum administrator. He was a vital member of  both the European and American avant-garde movements of the early twentieth century before settling in Denver, Colorado. Rönnebeck was a sculptor and painter, but is best known for his lithographs that featured a range of subjects including New York cityscapes, New Mexico and Colorado landscapes and Native American dances.

Personal life and education
Arnold Rönnebeck was born in Nassau, Germany in 1885 to a well-educated family. His father, Richard, was an architect and encouraged Rönnebeck to follow in his footsteps. After two years of study at the Royal Art School in both Berlin and Munich, Rönnebeck decided to pursue sculpture and moved to Paris in 1908. He could speak German, French and English and read Greek and Latin.  In Paris, he studied with Aristide Maillol (dates unknown, likely 1908-1909) and Emile Antoine Bourdelle from 1910-1913 at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière. In 1912, Rönnebeck met the American Modernist painter, Marsden Hartley at Restaurant Thomas in Paris, and they became close friends as they moved through the avant-garde circles of Paris and Berlin. He regularly attended Gertrude Stein’s “salons” and according to Stein, “Rönnebeck was charming and always invited to dinner,”  together with Pablo Picasso, Mabel Dodge, and Charles Demuth. While living in Paris, Rönnebeck completed sculptural commissions for the wealthy and portraits of his friends.  These would include a series of watercolors and ink drawings executed in 1912 of dancer, Isadora Duncan. These were likely done from memory after Rönnebeck saw her December 1911 performance at the Théàtre du Chatelet, in Paris.  Rönnebeck exhibited three sculptures, including his 1912 bronze Head of Marsden Hartley, at the 1912 Salon d'Autumne in Paris.  In the 1913 Salon d'Autumne, he exhibited two pieces, including his now lost plaster Head of Charles Demuth.  His bust of Marsden Hartley was included in Hartley’s 1914 solo show at Alfred Stieglitz’s Gallery 291 in New York.

The outbreak of World War I forced Rönnebeck to return to Germany where he fought on the front lines. He was wounded twice and was awarded the Iron Cross by Kaiser Wilhelm II. Arnold Rönnebeck’s cousin was Lieutenant Karl von Freyburg, whom Hartley would fall in love with and follow from Paris to Berlin. Freyburg was killed in combat in October 1914, and Hartley would create Portrait of a German Officer (1914) as a tribute to Freyburg.

In 1920 and 1921, Rönnebeck traveled around Italy with German poets Max Sidow and Theodor Daubler.  Upon his return to Berlin, he executed first lithographs depicting Positano, Italy.

Migration to America

In 1923 Rönnebeck arrived in the US, initially settling in Washington, DC, staying with the family of his former fiancée, opera singer Alice Miriam Pinch.  He lectured on modern art at the Art Center Gallery and exhibited at the Corcoran.  He moved to New York City in 1924. In New York, he was immediately welcomed into Stieglitz’s circle of American avant-garde artists that included Arthur Dove, John Marin, Georgia O'Keeffe, Marsden Hartley and Charles Demuth. Rönnebeck wrote a catalogue essay for the landmark exhibition, Alfred Stieglitz Presents Seven Americans at the Anderson Gallery in 1925. Rönnebeck was a prolific writer and art critic and wrote numerous essays and articles about art throughout his career. The lithographs Rönnebeck made in New York are among his better known works. They borrow from the precisionism movement and show a fascination with the skyscraper and the landscape of the city, what Rönnebeck termed as "living cubism."  The Weyhe Gallery, directed by Carl Zigrosser, gave Rönnebeck his first solo show in April 1925 and represented him for the rest of his life. .  Fourteen of the works in the 1925 Weyhe show were exhibited in April 1926 at the Fine Arts Gallery in San Diego, California and in June 1926 at the Los Angeles Museum of Art (later re-named LACMA).

In the summer of 1925, Rönnebeck traveled to  Taos, New Mexico to visit his friend Mabel Dodge Luhan at her artists' enclave. The visit had several important consequences including exposing Rönnebeck to the desert landscape and the Indigenous peoples of New Mexico, which subsequently became recurrent themes in Rönnebeck’s work, and, Rönnebeck's introduction to Louise Emerson (1901–1980). Emerson was a painter from Philadelphia who had studied with Kenneth Hayes Miller. Rönnebeck and Emerson were married in March 1926 in New York.  He would return to Santa Fe frequently between 1927 and 1929, working with architect John Gaw Meem to complete the relief sculptures for the renovation of the La Fonda Hotel. His series of terra cotta panels were inspired by the ceremonial dances of the Pueblo Indians, including Buffalo, Eagle, Deer, Corn, Shalako and Peace Dances.  He worked with Meem a second time, in 1936, this time producing three aluminum relief panels depicting Pueblo and Hopi Indian Kachina masks, in the auditorium of the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center.

Move to Denver

In May 1926,  Rönnebeck gave a lecture at the fledgling Denver Art Museum while he and his new wife were traveling to California on their honeymoon.  While visiting the museum, Rönnebeck was offered the position of Art Director, which he accepted. He served in this capacity from 1926 to 1931, where he encouraged development of the museum's collection of American Indian art and the curation of modernist art exhibitions. The couple became involved in the local Denver art scene, being welcomed into a community of artists that included Allen True, John E. Thompson, Ethel and Jenne Magafan, Frank Mechau, Vance Kirkland, Frank Vavra, Marion Buchan, Elisabeth Spalding, and others. In addition to his work at the museum, Rönnebeck wrote a weekly art column in the Rocky Mountain News. Rönnebeck continued making lithographs, mainly of the Colorado landscape, mining towns and New Mexico. He received numerous commissions in Denver and the surrounding areas. He, along with Robinson and True, was an active member of Denver's Cactus Club.

Rönnebeck participated in the 1934 World's Fair in Chicago, entitled Century of Progress Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture, June 1 to November 1, 1934.  His 1921 brass sculpture, Dancer, was loaned by the Weyhe Gallery, in New York.

Rönnebeck was an amateur actor and music enthusiast and became very involved with the renovation of the Central City Opera House in the historic mining town of Central City, Colorado. He performed with the Central City Opera in their presentation of The Merry Widow with Natalie Hall, Gladys Swarthout and Richard Bonelli. Rönnebeck gained American citizenship in 1933. His lithograph, Yacht Races, was also part of the painting event in the art competition in the Graphic Arts Section at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

Arnold and Louise Rönnebeck had two children, Arnold and Ursula. He died of throat cancer in 1947 at the age of 62.

Notable Public Sculptures

Series of terra cotta panels depicting Pueblo Indian ceremonial dance themes; La Fonda Hotel, Santa Fe, completed in 1929.
The History of Money; Colorado Business Bank, Denver, 1929.
Madonna and Child Reredos; Cathedral of St. John in the Wilderness, Denver, 1927.
The Ascension; Church of the Ascension, Denver, 1931.
Three panels in aluminum; Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center Auditorium, Colorado Springs, 1936.
Trio and Tone Shapes, Robert and Judi Newman Center for Performing Arts, Denver, 1937 plaster, 2007 two posthumous castings in bronze.

Notable Portrait Sculptures

Marsden Hartley, bronze, 1912.  Location: Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT.

Charles Demuth, plaster, 1912.  Location: Presumed lost.

Stefan George, plaster, c1921.  Location unknown.

Melchior Lechtor, plaster, c1920s.  Location unknown.

Hans Sidow, plaster, c1921.  Location: private collection.

George Antheil, plaster, 1923.  Location: private collection.

Marsden Hartley, Man and Soul (two masks), bronze, 1923.  Location: Soul, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT. Man, location unknown.

Marsden Hartley, head, bronze, 1923.   Location: Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT.

Marsden Hartley, bust, plaster, 1923.  Location:  Frederick Weisman Museum, Minneapolis, MN.

Georgia O’Keeffe, bronze 1924.  Location: Denver University, Denver, CO.

Pierre Coalfleet, aka Frank Cyril Shaw Davison, bronze, 1925.  Location: private collection.

Ananda Coomaraswamy, plaster, 1929.  Location:  Kirkland Museum of Fine and Decorative Art, Denver, CO.

Carl Sandburg, plaster, c1930s.  Location:  Hirschorn Museum and Sculpture Museum, Washington, DC.

Allen Tupper True, plaster, c1930s.  Location:  Private collection.

Self-portrait, plaster, 1947.  Location: Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT.

Notes

Bibliography
Chambers, Marlene. The First 100 Years: Denver Art Museum. Seattle: Marquand Books, Inc. (1996).
Fahlman, Betsy. Works on Paper: Prints and Drawings by Arnold Rönnebeck. New York: Conner-Rosenkranz (1998).
Groff, Diane Price. Arnold Rönnebeck: An Avant-Garde Spirit in the West. M.A. Thesis University of Denver (1991).
Kornhauser, Elizabeth Mankin.Marsden Hartley. New Haven: Yale University Press (2003).
Kunin, Jack Henry. “Impressions of a Renaissance: The Artists of Denver National Bank.” Colorado Heritage Summer (2002).
Schlosser, Elizabeth. Modern Sculpture in Denver (1919-1960): Twelve Denver Sculptors. Glendale: Ocean View Books (1995).

External links
The Art of Arnold Ronnebeck
Arnold Ronnebeck Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
Arnold Rönnebeck and Louise Emerson Ronnebeck Papers 1884-2002.  Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Museum.

American arts administrators
1885 births
1947 deaths
Artists from Denver
Expatriates in France
Emigrants from the Weimar Republic to the United States
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American male artists
American male sculptors
20th-century American printmakers
20th-century lithographers
American lithographers
Sculptors from Colorado
Olympic competitors in art competitions


The Church of St Athanasius () is a late Medieval Bulgarian church in the town of Boboshevo, Kyustendil Province.

Location, history, architectural and artistic values

The church is situated on a large platform in the cemetery in the small town of Boboshevo. It is a small one nave church with a semi-round apse. It is 8 m long and 5 m wide. There are two niches on the left and the right walls and another small semi-round niche on the northern niche. The church used to have a vault which was replaced with eaves during the reconstruction. A covered narthex was added in the 18th century and in 1926-1927 a new narthex with refectory was constructed. The walls of the church are 0,70 m thick and are made of stone. The church was fully painted from the inside and the western facade was painted from the outside as well according to the canon. According to the hardly readable ktitor inscriptions on the southern wall the church was constructed in 1590 or 1600. Up to 29 October 1862 it used to be the main church of the town. After the construction of the larger Church of St Bogoroditsa, St Athanasius was converted into a cemetery church.

The church is an architectural monument of culture of local significance (DV is.77/1972) and an architectural-artistic monument of national importance (DV is.38/1972).

The church was named after Athanasius of Alexandria also known as Saint Athanasius I the Great Patriarch of Alexandria. The church honours the saint on 18 January and 2 May.

Literature

 Кепов, Иван - Миналото и сегашно на Бобошево. С., 1935, с. 191;
 Василиев, Асен - Проучвания на изобразителните изкуства из някои селища по долината на Струма. - Известия на Института за изобразителни изкуства, VII, 1964 г., с.157 и сл.;
 Марди, В. - Бабикова - Научно мотивирано предложение за обявяване на църквата "Св.Атанас" в с.Бобошево, Кюстендилско за паметник на културата. С., 1969, 23 с.;
 Дремсизова-Нелчинова, Цв., Л. Слокоска. Археологически паметници от Кюстендилски окръг. С., 1978,  с. 13;
 Енциклопедичен речник Кюстендил А-Я. С., 1988, с. 587.
 Матуски, В. Иконографската програма на храма „Св. Атанасий Александрйски" в гр. Бобошево и някои особености в иконографията му. - В: Любен Прашков - реставратор и изкуствовед. Материали от научна конференция посветена на 70 год. на проф. Л. Прашков, 14-15 дек. 2001, ВТУ. С. 2006, с. 291-300;
 Матуски, В. За три храма по долината на река Струма. - В: Проф. д.и.н. Станчо Ваклинов и средновековната българска култура, Велико Търново, 2005, с. 452-458;
 Матуски, В. Стенописни надписи от бобошевския храм „Св. Атанасий Александрийски" в контекста на неговата иконография. — В: Културните текстове на миналото, носители, символи и идеи. Т. IV. С., 2005, с. 60-63;
 Ангелов, Светозар - Църквата "Св.Атанасий" в Бобошево - проучвания и проблеми. - Известия на Историческия музей - Кюстендил, XIV, 2007, с. 123-140;
 Ангелов, Светозар - Църквата "Св.Атанасий" в Бобошево, В :  Църкви и манастири от Югозападна България през XV- XVII в., София, ЦСВП "Проф.Иван Дуйчев" към СУ"Св.Климент Охридски", 2007 г., с.38-40;
 Заедно по свещените места на планината Осогово. Пътеводител. С., 2008, с. 108.

Gallery

External links

 Паметници на културата в Община Бобошево
 Църквата "Свети Атанасий" - фотоалбум № 1
 Църквата "Свети Атанасий" - фотоалбум № 2
 Житие на Свети Атанасий Александрийски

Bulgarian Orthodox churches in Boboshevo
Medieval Bulgarian Orthodox church buildings


Same is a town in northern Tanzania near the border with Kenya. In 2012, it had 25,794 inhabitants. Nearby there is the Mkomazi National Park. Same is the district capital of Same District.

Transport

It is served by a station on the Tanga line of the national railway network. The station has been dormant since the stopping of railway services.  However the main road T2 from Dar es Salaam to Arusha passes through the town. There is a bus stop for all major bus companies driving to cities of dar es salaam, Moshi and Arusha. There is also an aerodrome for small planes.

See also

 Railway stations in Tanzania

References

Populated places in Kilimanjaro Region


Bassist is a musician who plays a bass instrument such as bass guitar, double bass, or keyboard bass.

Bass player may also refer to:

Bass Player (magazine), a magazine for bassists
Bass Player (album), a 2003 album by Rhombus
T. B. Player, short for "the Bass Player", an unnamed character in the film That Thing You Do!


Askania Forst was a German association football club in what was the city of Forst (Lausitz), Brandenburg and is today Zasieki, Poland. Established in 1901, the team earned a number of championships in the 1910s, but disappeared from top flight German football after 1920.

History
Fußballclub Askania Forst first came to prominence in the 1909–10 season, advancing to the regional Südostdeutschland final where they were beaten 1:3 by VfR Breslau.

The following year, Askania again advanced to the final and this time came away victorious with a 3:2 win over Germania Breslau. The result stood despite a protest by the Breslauer side and Askania moved on to the opening round of the national championship where they were put out (2:3) by eventual finalists VfB Leipzig.

Forst won its second title in 1913 in a playoff contested as much off the pitch as on. After beating Preußen Görlitz in qualifying, Forst defeated Preußen Breslau 2:1 and moved on to the final after Breslau'''s protest was denied. In the title match Askania was beaten 1:2 by Preußen Kattowitz but filed a protest of their own, which was successful. In the rematch they reversed the earlier result and came away as Südostdeutschland champions with a 4:0 win. In national quarterfinal play Forst was again put out by VfB Leipzig who would advance to the national final once more, but this time come away as German champions.

In the final season before regular competition was interrupted by World War I, Forst won the last of its three regional titles. After solid victories over DSV Posen (6:0) and Preußen Görlitz (9:0), they defeated Vereinigte Breslauer Sportfreunde 3:1. In German championship play they were eliminated in the quarterfinals by BBC 03 Berlin.

Once domestic competition resumed after the war, Forst made one more appearance in the Südostdeutschland playoffs and bowed out 0:1 to Vereinigte Breslauer Sportfreunde'' in a semifinal match. The team continued to compete through the interwar period, but was lost in the aftermath of World War II.

Honours
 South Eastern German champions (3): 1911, 1913, 1914

References

Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables

Football clubs in Germany
Aksania
Association football clubs established in 1901
Defunct football clubs in former German territories
1901 establishments in Germany
Association football clubs disestablished in 1945
Defunct football clubs in Brandenburg


Jennifer Ulrich (born 18 October 1984) is a German actress who has starred in such films as The Wave and We Are The Night. She was born in Lichtenberg, Berlin.

Career
Jennifer Ulrich started her actress career with Big Girls Don't Cry, released in 2002, in which she played the role of Yvonne. After participating in films such as The Elementary Particles in 2006, and  in 2007,. She played the female lead role in 2008's film The Wave and in the vampire film We Are the Night. Both were directed by Dennis Gansel. She is a fan of genre films, like horror.

Filmography

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Actors from East Berlin
German film actresses
Actresses from Berlin
21st-century German actresses
20th-century German women


Pace Foods is a producer of a variety of canned salsas located in Paris, Texas. The company was founded in 1947 by David Pace when he developed a recipe for a salsa he called "Picante sauce" (picante means 'spicy' in Spanish), which was "made with the freshest ingredients, harvested and hand-selected in peak season to achieve the best flavor and quality". It is now sold as "the Original Picante Sauce".

The Mild and Hot varieties of Pace's Picante sauce were added in 1981 to accompany the original Medium variety. "Thick & Chunky", introduced in 1989, later became "Chunky Salsa". In 1991, Mexican sauces overtook ketchup as the top-selling condiment in the US, with Pace being a leader.  In 1995, the company was acquired by Campbell Soup Company for $1.115 billion.

History
David Pace grew up in Louisiana, learning the operations of his family's syrup business. He earned a football scholarship to Tulane University, where he played in the first Sugar Bowl in 1937 and earned his undergraduate degree in science. During World War II pilot training school  brought him to San Antonio, Texas, where he returned after his discharge in 1945 and began a career in the food industry.

Pace began his own food business of bottled syrups, as well as jellies and jams. All of these products were made, packed and shipped out of a small space in the back of a liquor store that he and his wife, Margaret, rented. Over time, he expanded the business to a variety of other condiments. In 1947 he decided the real "syrup of the Southwest" was Mexican picante sauce—which is now known as salsa or picante sauce.

Starting with a basic recipe, he experimented with different blends of ingredients. He tested the results on his golf buddies, before settling on one mix of jalapeños, onions and tomatoes. He named his creation "picante" sauce—Spanish for "piquant", meaning "flavorful" or "spicy".

While continuing to sell some 58 assorted condiments, he continued modifying his picante sauce formula for the better part of a decade. As demand grew, Pace dropped the rest of the company's lines and focused on Picante sauce. He marketed Picante sauce to restaurants, using it during his meals, and leaving it behind on the table for other patrons and the restaurant owners to try when he was done. Using a $150,000 loan from Margaret's mother, the couple expanded and built their production facility in 1951.

Picante sauce

When he started selling his salsa, Pace looked for a supplier for peppers. He tried growing his own jalapeños, but deer would continually eat them, reducing his supply. Eventually, he began buying his peppers directly from local farmers. Later, the company began following the "jalapeño trail", buying from different regions according to the harvest season, before developing their own pepper seeds. Today it uses more than 25 million pounds of jalapeños every year—more than anyone else in the country. The company produces half a million pounds of the sauce daily.

Varieties

In 1981, the company introduced "mild" and "hot" varieties to accompany the original "medium" Picante sauce.  In 1989, Pace Foods added Thick & Chunky salsa to their product line. It is a thicker salsa with larger chunks of vegetables.

The growing demand for picante sauce and salsa reflected the changing demographics of America as well as the increasing popularity of Mexican restaurants and cuisine. Over time, consumers preferences turned toward Mexican foods, such as salsas, and in 1991, Mexican sauces overtook ketchup as the top-selling condiment in the United States in total dollar sales, with Pace Picante sauce and salsa taking the lion's share of the market.

Lines
Pace Foods introduced a new line of specialty salsas in 2008. The specialty salsas include:

 Salsa Verde: Jalapeños and chunks of tomatillos, seasoned with a lime and smoked Spanish paprika.
 Pico De Gallo: Like traditional pico de gallo, with jalapeños, onions, diced tomatoes and cilantro.
 Mexican Four Cheese Salsa Con Queso: With four cheeses—Monterey Jack, Cheddar, Asadero and Queso Blanco, plus jalapeños, red peppers and onion.
Pineapple Mango Chipotle Salsa: Medium-heat salsa with pineapple and mango.  In a chipotle adobo - a tomato sauce made with garlic, onion and smoked jalapeños.
Black Bean & Roasted Corn Salsa: A blend of black beans with fire-roasted corn and red peppers.  With lime and chipotle spice.
New for 2014:

 Pace Fire Mango & Habanero Salsa and Pace Fire Chipotle & Jalapeno Salsa

Awards

Pace Picante Sauce and Salsas took top honors for their categories in Chile Pepper magazine's 2009 Fiery Food Challenge and the 2009 Fiery Foods & BBQ Show's Scovie Awards Competition.  Pace took a total of 12 awards, including first-place awards for Pace Picante sauce - Hot and Pace Salsa Verde.

References

External links

Campbell Soup Company brands
Condiment companies of the United States
Linda Pace


Quantum phases are quantum states of matter at zero temperature. Even at zero temperature a quantum-mechanical system has quantum fluctuations and therefore can still support phase transitions. As a physical parameter is varied, quantum fluctuations can drive a phase transition into a different phase of matter. An example of a canonical quantum phase transition is the well-studied Superconductor Insulator Transition in disordered thin films which separates two quantum phases having different symmetries. Quantum magnets provide another example of QPT. The discovery of new quantum phases is a pursuit of many scientists. These phases of matter exhibit properties and symmetries which can potentially be exploited for technological purposes and the benefit of mankind.

The difference between these states and classical states of matter is that classically, materials exhibit different phases which ultimately depends on the change in temperature and/or density or some other macroscopic property of the material whereas quantum phases can change in response to a change in a different type of order parameter (which is instead a parameter in the Hamiltonian of the system, unlike the classical case) of the system at zero temperature – temperature does not have to change. The order parameter plays a role in quantum phases analogous to its role in classical phases. Some quantum phases are the result of a superposition of many other quantum phases.

See also

 Quantum phase transition
 Classical phase transitions
 Quantum critical point

References

Condensed matter physics


Kitonga is a town in eastern Tanzania near the coast.

Transport

It is served by a station on a cross-country line of the national railway network.

See also

 Railway stations in Tanzania

References

Populated places in Pwani Region


The Villa Salviatino, Maiano, in the frazione of Maiano on the steep slope south of Fiesole, is a Tuscan villa overlooking Florence.

A modest farmhouse in the 14th century, set among informally terraced slopes planted with vines and olives, the house in its vigna was purchased in 1427 by the Bardi family, bankers of Florence, who rebuilt it in such palatial fashion that when it was subsequently sold to Nicola Tegliacci in 1447, the new owner named it Palagio (palazzo) dei Tegliacci. In the 16th century it passed to Alamanno Salviati, who had it sumptuously frescoed and furnished; thus it gained its name as the Villa Il Salviatino, to distinguish it from the grander Villa Salviati "le Selve", near Lastra, to the west.<ref>Touring Club Italiano, Firenze e dintorni (Milan, 1964) p. 406f; Eclettismo a Firenze. L'attività di Corinto Corinti', (Florence, 1985); G. Carocci I dintorni di Firenze (Florence, 1906); Lensi Orlandi Cardini, Le ville di Firenze (Florence, 1954).</ref> The villa was celebrated by Francesco Redi, in his Bacco in Toscana (1685): "viva il nome Del buon Salviati, ed il suo bel Maiano.

For a short period it was owned by the Italian tenor Giovanni Matteo Mario and his wife Giulia Grisi, the transaction was completed by financier N M Rothschild of London, then in 1871 the villa was purchased by Pietro Pagliano, who added a medievalizing crenellated tower, but a new, more sympathetic owner, the American Phelps Thomas, took ownership in 1882 and began a programme of free restoration and aggrandisement, to designs of the antiquarian architect Corinto Corinti (1843–1930). A large central staircase was added and grand  cinquecento portals. He reduced the tower, designed a new vaulted porte-cochere for carriages, overhung by a garden, which still exist, and  remodelled the park by adding an Italian terraced garden and conservatories, with a  pergola that  Penelope Hobhouse found to resemble the wooden frames shown in woodcuts for Francesco Colonna's Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. Augusto Bruschi was entrusted with decorative painting, covering walls with medieval and neo-cinquecento patterns. After a sale of its contents in 1891 the villa passed into the hands of the Carrega di Lucedio family and then, in 1911, to the art critic, journalist and founder of the art magazine Il Dedalo, Ugo Ojetti and his wife Fernanda, who undertook further structural remodeling, removing many of the 19th century accretions, and installing an extensive library and many paintings and sculptures. From 1973 to 1987 the Villa Il Salviatino housed Stanford University's overseas program Stanford in Italy with classrooms, offices, library, dining facilities, and students' rooms.

In the summer, including 1980, University of Michigan and Sara Lawrence College held their summer school program there.

In the first decade of the 21st century the villa was restored and refurbished as a boutique hotel.

Notes

Buildings and structures in the Metropolitan City of Florence
Historic houses
Gardens in Tuscany
Buildings and structures in Fiesole
Houses completed in the 16th century
Italian Renaissance gardens
Renaissance architecture in Florence
Villas in Florence


Marcus Garin Tracy (born October 2, 1986 in Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania) is an American soccer player who plays as a striker.

Career

College and Amateur
Although born in Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia, Tracy grew up in Newtown, CT, playing soccer at Newtown High School where he was named an All-American (and had his #3 jersey retired) and was a member of the 2004 Class LL Connecticut State Championship team. He finished with 100 goals in his high school career. Tracy also played for Beachside Soccer Club in his youth. His brother Ryan Tracy played soccer at the University of Pennsylvania.

He won the 2008 Hermann Trophy for the nation's most outstanding college player while at Wake Forest University where he scored 13 goals and 10 assists in 24 games. In 2007, he won the 2007 College Cup  with the Demon Deacons while scoring 11 goals and 9 assists in 26 games. In the College Cup final, Tracy scored the tying goal and assisted on the winning goal in the Demon Deacons 2-1 victory over Ohio State. Tracy was named the Offensive MVP of the 2007 College Cup tournament. In 2006, he scored 6 goals and 4 assists in 22 games with the Demon Deacons. In 2006, Tracy also scored 1 goal in 3 appearances for USL Premier Development League side Carolina Dynamo, although injury limited the number of games in which he appeared. In 2005, Tracy did not score in the 5 games that he played in an injury-filled season with the Deamon Deacons. Tracy's career totals for Wake Forest were 77 games played, 30 goals scored and 23 assists.

Professional
Tracy was drafted by Major League Soccer club Houston Dynamo in the 2009 MLS SuperDraft. Though he was expected to be a top pick, he was selected fifty-sixth overall, falling so low due to clubs having the knowledge of his contract with Danish club Aalborg.

On January 15, 2009, Tracy joined the club in Denmark on a three-year contract  and made his debut for Aalborg on March 19, 2009, as a substitute in a UEFA Cup quarter final second leg against Manchester City in which he assisted on his team's first goal of the game a few minutes after entering as a substitute. He scored the winning goal against FC Midtjylland on March 23, 2009, in his first game in the Danish Superliga. He finished the 2008 - 2009 Danish Superliga with 7 games (including 3 starts) and 1 goal scored. Also in that season, he played 1 game in the Danish Cup and 1 game in the UEFA Cup.

In the 2009 - 2010 season, he scored the game-winner against FC Copenhagen on November 9, 2009. He also scored a goal while playing for Aalborg reserve team on September 12, 2009 against Otterup in the Danish 2nd Division West. He missed the remainder of the 2009 - 2010 season due to patellar tendinitis or jumper's knee. For the 2009 - 2010 season, Tracy played 8 games (including 4 starts) in the Danish Superliga with 1 goal scored as well as 2 games in the Danish Cup and 2 games in qualification games for the UEFA Cup. He scored 1 goal in 5 games with the Aalborg BK reserve team in the Danish 2nd Division West. Tracy continued to be sidelined for the rest of 2010 with knee injuries.

His injuries continued to sideline him through the 2010 - 2011 season and the first half of the 2011 - 2012 season. After missing such a significant amount of time due to his injuries, Tracy was not going to have his contract renewed over the winter break per Aalborg's announcement on October 3, 2011. He spent the first half of 2012 working on regaining his fitness after his knee injury issues and targeting a move to Major League Soccer.

On September 11, 2012, Tracy signed a contract with MLS and his new club will be decided by a weighed lottery  On September 13, the San Jose Earthquakes won the lottery for Tracy. The team had a 4.6% chance of landing Tracy.

Tracy was not retained following the 2013 season.

International
On December 22, 2009, Tracy received his first call up to play with the senior US national team. Training in Carson, California began for Tracy and the other players called up on January 4, 2010, leading up to a friendly match against Honduras. Prior to the game, Tracy was released from training due to knee tendinitis which would continue to plague him throughout his career.

This senior team call-up was Tracy's first national team experience at any level having not been part of any of the youth teams.

Honors

Wake Forest University
2007 - NCAA Men's Division I Soccer Champion
2007 - NCAA Men's Division I Soccer Tournament Offensive MVP
2008 - Hermann Trophy
2008 - NSCAA 1st Team All-America

Other
2009 - Newtown, CT's Sportsman of the Year

References

External links

Wake Forest bio

1986 births
Living people
AaB Fodbold players
African-American men's soccer players
All-American college men's soccer players
American men's soccer players
American expatriate men's soccer players
Men's association football forwards
North Carolina Fusion U23 players
Danish Superliga players
Expatriate men's footballers in Denmark
Hermann Trophy men's winners
Houston Dynamo FC draft picks
Major League Soccer players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' soccer)
People from Newtown, Connecticut
San Jose Earthquakes players
Soccer players from Connecticut
Soccer players from Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from Fairfield County, Connecticut
USL League Two players
Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's soccer players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people


Oslo Package 1 () was a political agreement and plan for introducing an urban toll ring around Oslo, Norway and making 31 investments to road infrastructure in Oslo and Akershus. The package was approved in 1988 and toll charges were introduced in 1990. It was supplemented by Oslo Package 2, which included a similar scheme for public transport. In 2008, they were both replaced by Oslo Package 3.

The entire plan involved investments of 11 billion NOK (equivalent to  billion NOK in ) to be funded by 4.8 billion NOK in state grants and 6.2 billion NOK in toll road revenue. 3.9 billion NOK was invested in Akershus, while 7.1 billion NOK was invested in Oslo. The company Fjellinjen was created to manage the toll collection.

History

During the 1970s, car traffic in Oslo increased greatly and there was political will to increase investment in motorways and tunnels in the city. The goal was to increase capacity and reduce congestion in city streets. In particular, Rådhusgata, the City Hall Square, and the areas around them were congested, hindering people from accessing the fjord. However, during the 1980s, the political climate shifted towards reduced public spending. In 1982, the Minister of Transport, Inger Koppernæs from the Conservative Party, promised increased government grants to local authorities that introduced toll roads.

The first project planned was the Festning Tunnel that would, along with the intersection at Vestbanen, allow the City Hall Square to become car free. In 1986, the city council in Oslo and Akershus County Council jointly set demands for a new toll ring scheme, requiring that the state grant extra funding equal to the toll charges: the "krone for krone" principle. This was similar to a prior agreement in Bergen. A report made by the second Willoch cabinet provided that initial project, Fjellinjen, was to receive an annual grant of 230 million NOK. While there was local resistance, the plan was popular in the Storting.

By 1987, Oslo and Akershus were in agreement on the placement of the eighteen toll plazas. Since the ring would be located within Oslo, there was more local resistance in Oslo than in Akershus. To increase support in Oslo, 20% of the funds were allocated for public transport and 70% of the investments would be used in Oslo. A committee with representatives from Oslo, Akershus, the state, and the Norwegian Public Roads Administration was created, while the planning became the responsibility of the Public Roads Administration. There were three plan periods from 1990 to 2001 and additional plans for the period until 2005 were also made. Estimates showed NOK 8.1 billion in investments were required from 1990 to 2001. The project was finally approved by the Storting on 10 June 1988. The goals of the project were to increase capacity by 30–50% and to avoid increased congestion by building from the city center outwards. Without the package, the investments would have taken about 30 years.

The company Fjellinjen was founded on 13 February 1986 by the Municipality of Oslo to secure financing for the Festning Tunnel. With the 1988 decision, the company was given the responsibility of financing the rest of the toll ring. As a result, Akershus bought 40% of the company in 1990.

Oslo Package 2

In 1996, the work started on the creation of a similar package for public transport – in particular, the Asker Line and Follo Line railways, the Ring Line and some extensions to the Oslo T-bane, and improvements to the infrastructure for buses and trams. The goal was to raise sufficient funding for the project, to reduce the project time from 25 years to 10 years. The package was passed by the Storting in 2000 and provided NOK 15.6 billion in funding. In addition to public grants, each public transport ticket would contribute NOK 0.75 and the tolls of the ring road would increase by 2 NOK.

Oslo Package 3

Following the termination of Oslo Package 1 in 2008, a new political compromise was created for another twenty years of investments: Oslo Package 3. It includes investment in road, rail, and bus infrastructure as well as public transport operation. The total budget is NOK 58 billion. It was passed by parliament on 13 March 2008.

Projects

The main objective of the package was to move road traffic to the ring roads, reducing the amount of traffic in the city center and freeing up capacity in the main arteries. In the 1990s, a number of tunnels were built and the ring roads improved. During the 2000s, the focus was moved towards the arteries.

Oslo
European Route E18, running through the city centre, received much of the initial investments, with the Festning Tunnel opening in 1990 and the Vestbane Intersection in 1994. The City Hall Square was subsequently closed to cars. Also in the city centre were upgrades to National Road 162 in 1990–91, including the Vaterland Tunnel. A new intersection for National Road 4 was also built at Hausmannsgate.

Ring 3 received funding for the Granfoss Tunnel (1992), upgrades from Sinsen to Storo (1994), intersections at Blindern (1993) and the Norwegian Radium Hospital (1997), and upgrades to the section from Tåsen to Ullevål (including the Tåsen Tunnel, 1999). National Road 190, connecting the E6 to the E18, was also expanded, including the Teisen Intersection (with the E6 in 1990) and the Ekeberg Tunnel (1995). The E6 received grants for the Ryen Intersection (1997), the Skullerud Intersection (1998), the Svartdal Tunnel (2000), and the Galgeberg Connection (2001).

Akershus
In 1993, the E6 was upgraded between Vinterbro and Vassum while the E18 received a new intersection at Lysaker and a connection to the European Route E16 at Sandvika, including the Kjørbo Tunnel. The following year, the Bekkestua Tunnel opened on National Road 160. Norwegian National Road 4 was extended from Skøyen to Slattum in 1993 and from Gjelleråsen to Slattum in 2003. National Road 159 was upgraded between Knatten and Lørdagsrud in 1997, and from Lørdagsrud to National Road 22 the following year. A bypass was also added past Strømmen in 2003.

References

Notes

Bibliography

Road transport in Oslo
Road transport in Akershus


Josias Kumpf (April 7, 1925 – October 15, 2009) was a Yugoslav-born man who served as concentration camp guard for Nazi Germany during the Holocaust.

Biography

World War II
Josias Kumpf, an ethnic-German or Volksdeutsche born in Yugoslavia, served under the SS guard forces at Sachsenhausen in 1942 at the age of 17 and served there for about a year before transferring to Trawniki concentration camp in the General Government. Kumpf was accused of having taken part in the Holocaust; including a November 1943 German operation that went by the code name Aktion Erntefest (Harvest festival) in which, over two days, 43,000 Jewish men, women and children were murdered at three Nazi camps in eastern German-occupied Poland. He was active during the murder of 8,000 Jews on November 3, 1943, in Trawniki concentration camp, where it was his task to stand guard over a pit where prisoners were being gunned down and "finish off" the wounded, albeit he claimed to have never discharged his weapon.

Post-war
After World War II, he emigrated to the United States in 1956 and settled in Illinois, becoming a naturalized United States citizen in 1964. He worked as a sausage maker for the Vienna Hot Dog Company in Chicago before retiring in 1990. He moved to Wisconsin to be with his daughter after his wife died in 2000.

Denaturalization and deportation
The United States Justice Department first approached Kumpf about his World War II-era activities in 2001. As a result of this investigation, on September 30, 2003, the United States sued to strip him of his U.S. nationality. He was formally stripped of his U.S. citizenship on May 10, 2005, and his denaturalization was upheld by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit on February 24, 2006.

After Kumpf exhausted his denaturalization appeals, the United States initiated deportation proceedings against him on July 14, 2006. He was ordered deported by an immigration judge on January 4, 2007, which was upheld by the Board of Immigration Appeals on June 16, 2008. After Kumpf exhausted his deportation appeals, he was taken from his home by immigration officials on March 18, 2009, and deported to Austria the next day. However, Austria was unable to prosecute him because the statute of limitations had expired.

On September 17, 2009, Spain charged Kumpf and asked for his extradition. Before the extradition request could be processed, however, Kumpf died that October 15 in Wilhelminenspital in Vienna.

References

External links
 Press Release of the US Department of Justice
 US Court of Appeals: Case File of Josias Kumpf

1925 births
2009 deaths
Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
Nazis from outside Germany
Loss of United States citizenship and deportation by prior Nazi affiliation
Sachsenhausen concentration camp personnel
People from Stara Pazova
Waffen-SS personnel


Without You: A Memoir of Love, Loss, and the Musical Rent is a 2006 memoir by a musical theater actor, Anthony Rapp. Later it was turned into a staged musical adaptation by the same name.

Memoir
The book recalls events of the life of Anthony Rapp in relation to the musical Rent (the show that gave Rapp his big break), its writer, Jonathan Larson, as well as the death of Rapp's mother by breast cancer. As a debut writer, Rapp takes the reader behind the scenes of his own life and his own struggles he came in contact with. The original print release contains photographs of his family, friends, and his own experiences. The book's title comes from one of Rent's musical numbers. The book was released October 31, 2006 under Simon & Schuster Publishing. The song's theme deals with losing someone, which is where Rapp was inspired to write this memoir.

Book reviews
Reviews across the board have been mixed but mostly positive. Books World credits Rapp for adding a new artistic form to his own repertoire saying his work is “simultaneously unique and universal.”  Entertainment Weekly gave Rapp a relatively positive review claiming that his work is rare and refreshing. “His prose can be clunky and overwrought, but his voice is unpretentious and unfailingly honest.” Editors Weekly recognizes Rapp's ability to take the dark subjects of his life and look at the hopefully, positive side that is within. “While the book sometimes plunges too deeply into its twin themes of love and loss, Rapp recognizes the healing power of drama and theater, writing that acting is "an escape of sorts." Absorbing, warm and hopeful, the book celebrates a man, his work and a generation struggling with AIDS but determined to survive.”

Stage Adaptation
After the release of his book, Rapp decided to make a stage version of the show set to music and a script. This is a one man show giving the audience a visual depiction of his memoir. The show was written and performed by Rapp, featuring his own original songs, as well as numbers from the musical Rent, and covers including R.E.M.'s Losing My Religion, which was Rapp's audition song for his role in Rent. The stage show has played in Boston, MA, Edinburgh, UK, London, UK, Toronto, and Tracy, CA. Rapp recorded the soundtrack for Without You in London on September 17, 2012 following an engagement Menier Chocolate Factory in London. The recording was released on December 11, 2012. The five piece band was under the musical direction of Dan Weiss, with musical arrangements by composer Tom Kitt.

List of Tracks on the Soundtrack

 1. Losing My Religion
 2. RENT
 3. "The next day, I got the good news..."
 4. Carry Me Home
 5. Seasons of Love
 6. La Vie Bohème
 7. "Mom had always loved country life..."
 8. Wild Bill
 9. "And for the next two years..."
 10. "Back in New York..."
 11. Another Day
 12. "Nothing left unfinished..."
 13. "A couple weeks into rehearsals..."
 14. What You Own
 15. "The next morning, January 5th..."
 16. One Song Glory / Halloween
 17. "We were moving to Broadway..."
 18. "On my next visit home..."
 19. Visits to You
 20. "I found my baby book..."
 21. Always
 22. "The only way out is through..."
 23. That Is Not You
 24. "The perfect setting for her memorial..."
 25. Without You
 26. Seasons of Love (Finale)

Musical Reviews
Reviews for the staged show were mixed overall. The National Post claims that Rapp's staged production is more of an extension of a memorial for his mother. "Basing a public performance on private grief is a dodgy proposition, worsened in this case by the fact that Rapp has nothing to say about either person that can make them matter to anyone but him."  With that being said, the National Post applauds Rapp's performance. Huffington Post published "the pace, writing and sheer passion behind this show instantly push it from your mind as you find yourself at ease with Rapps' delivery and impressive vocals as he's backed by a tight five piece band."

References

2006 books


Nuttin' Less Nuttin' Mo' is the second and final album released by rap group, the College Boyz. It was released on October 4, 1994 through Virgin and Capitol Records. After a successful debut two years prior, this album failed to match the success of Radio Fusion Radio, only peaking at #80 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. The only charting single "Rollin" just peaked at #49 on the Hot Rap Singles.

Track listing
"Live on Wzack"- 3:42
"Moment of Truth (The Southern Version)"- 5:20
"Rollin'"- 3:54
"On Da' Stroll"- 4:27
"Easy"- 4:05
"Dyin' Out Here"- 3:44
"If I Wuz a Bird"- 4:05
"No Sets, No Drama, No Stress"- 4:29
"15 Emotions"- 3:34
"Conscious Weep"- 4:53
"Texas Do"- 5:06
"Nuttin' Less, Nuttin' Mo'"- 4:26
"Run Dance Hall"- 3:56
"Dedication"- 4:23

Samples
"Live on Wzack"
"Dr. Funkenstein" by Parliament
"Run Dance Hall"
"Don't Change Your Love" by Five Stairsteps
"No Sets, No Drama, No Stress"
"Float On" by The Floaters
"Emotions"
"I'm Glad You're Mine" by Al Green

Album Chart Awards

Single Chart Awards

Rollin

1994 albums
College Boyz albums
Capitol Records albums
Virgin Records albums


Tom Poole was a footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Burslem Port Vale between 1897 and 1901.

Career
Born in Crewe, Poole played for local sides Whitchurch, Crewe Carriage Works and Nantwich before joining Burslem Port Vale as an amateur in October 1897. He made his debut at the Athletic Ground in a 1–0 defeat by Barnsley St. Peter's in a Midland League match on 9 October. The goal conceded came as Poole managed to punch an indirect free kick into his own goal; he constantly ran out of his area during the match and did not impress. Despite this he signed as a professional in 1898 and was utilized as a reserve until January 1900, at which point he became the first choice goalkeeper. He played 15 Second Division games in the 1899–1900 season after his rival, Herbert Birchenough, was sold on. He lost his place to Alfred Maybury in September 1900 though, after just two games, and was released at the end of the 1900–01 season. He served Shrewsbury Town before returning to Nantwich in November 1906.

Career statistics
Source:

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Footballers from Crewe
English men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Port Vale F.C. players
Midland Football League players
English Football League players


Thomas or Tom Poole may refer to:

Thomas Poole (academic), law professor at LSE
Thomas Poole (MP), member of Parliament for Cirencester, 1571 and 1572
Thomas Poole (tanner) (1766–1837), English tanner, Radical philanthropist, and essayist
Thomas Bell Poole (1818–1865), American criminal
Thomas Henry Poole (1860–1919), British-born architect who designed buildings in New York City
Thomas Slaney Poole (1873–1927), South Australian lawyer
Tom Poole (barrister) (1935–2017), first blind person in Britain to train and practice as a barrister
Tom Poole (colorist), colorist at Company 3
Tom Poole (footballer), English 19th-century footballer

See also
Tommy Pool (1935–1990), American sport shooter


The UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) carries out interdisciplinary research into sustainable future energy systems. It's whole systems research programme addresses the challenges and opportunities presented by the transition to a net zero energy system and economy.

The centre is funded by the UK Research and Innovation Energy Programme. UKERC is a distributed centre with researchers at over 20 different institutions throughout the UK, its headquarters are based at University College London.

Currently in its fourth phase of funding (2019-2024), UKERC’s activities are overseen by a committee consisting of the UKERC Director, Professor Rob Gross, and eleven Co-Directors, and is advised by an independent Advisory Board.

History
UKERC was established in April 2004, following a recommendation from the 2002 Energy Review initiated by Sir David King, the UK Government's Chief Scientific Advisor. The centre was set up to address key controversies in the energy field through comprehensive assessments of the current state of knowledge. The first phase of the Centre ran from 2004 - 2009.

In March 2009, £18.5 million was allocated to support the second phase of work at the UK Energy Research Centre for 2009 – 2014. Under the second phase of funding, UKERC focused on five themes: Energy Demand, Energy Supply, Energy Systems, Energy and Environment, and Technology and Policy Assessment.

In May 2014, the UK Energy Research Centre was awarded funding for a third phase of work, which ran from 2014 to 2019. This research programme focused on six core themes: future energy system pathways; resources and vectors; energy systems at multiple scales; energy, economy and societal preferences; decision making; technology, policy and assessment - with an HQ function aimed at engaging with the wider UK energy research community, policy makers and energy industry.

UKERC's interdisciplinary research studentships have enabled whole-systems interdisciplinary research across scientific, engineering and socio-economic boundaries.

Current Activity
Currently in its fourth phase of funding, UKERC'S research programme encompasses a variety of different activities that address the challenges and opportunities presented by the transition to a net-zero energy system.

This research includes major themes on global energy challenges and their implications for the UK; the role of local and regional energy systems; interdependencies between energy systems and the environment; decarbonisation of specific sectors including transport, heat and industry; and transitions in energy infrastructures.

Alongside these activities UKERC undertakes systematic evidence reviews, hosts and curates energy data, maps and monitors public engagement with energy systems, and improves the transparency and understanding of energy models.

In July2022, the UKERC launched a socalled public engagement observatory designed to track public engagement efforts across the United Kingdom.

Recent Research
Energy Modelling in the UK: The modelling landscape. Neil Strachan and Pei-Hao Li, 2021.
Review of Energy Policy 2020. Rob Gross et al., 2020.
The Pathway to Net Zero Heating in the UK. Jan Rosenow et al., 2020.
Financing Community Energy Case Studies. Iain Cairns et al., 2020
Fostering Successful Policy Engagements: recommendations for PhD and ECR schemes. Sioned Haf et al., 2020.
Progressing New Voices and Gender Balance in Energy Research. Programme report, 2019.
Review of Energy Policy 2019. Jim Watson et al., 2019.

References

External links

British research associations
College and university associations and consortia in the United Kingdom
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Energy in the United Kingdom
Energy research institutes
Funding bodies in the United Kingdom
Knowledge transfer
Natural Environment Research Council
Research and development in the United Kingdom
Research institutes in the United Kingdom
Science and technology in the United Kingdom


The World Indoor Championships may refer to:

World Athletics Indoor Championships (formerly IAAF World Indoor Championships), biennial track and field competition
UCI Indoor Cycling World Championships, annual track cycling competition
World Indoor Archery Championships, biennial archery competition
World Indoor Bowls Championships, annual lawn bowl competition
World Indoor Lacrosse Championship, quadrennial lacrosse competition

See also
World championship

Indoor sports competitions


Unión Deportiva Orensana was a Spanish football team based in Ourense, in the autonomous community of Galicia. Founded in 1935 after a merger between Galicia SC Orense and Burgas FC, it was dissolved in 1952 and CD Ourense was founded in its place.

Season to season

3 seasons in Segunda División
6 seasons in Tercera División

References

External links
ArefePedia team profile

Defunct football clubs in Galicia

Association football clubs established in 1942
Association football clubs disestablished in 1952
1942 establishments in Spain
1952 disestablishments in Spain
Sport in Ourense
Segunda División clubs


John Alexander Wilson (born August 3, 1951, in Edinburgh, Scotland) is a Canadian author of historical fiction and non-fiction. He is the author of over 30 books, 300 articles and essays, and 30 poems.

Biography
Wilson was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on August 3, 1951, to James Annan and Evelyn Victoria Marguerite Wilson. He grew up on the Island of Skye, and in Paisley.

In 1975, Wilson received a Bachelor of Science with honours in geology from the University of St Andrews. After graduation, he worked as a geologist in Zimbabwe before moving to Canada. For nine years, he worked for the Alberta Geological Survey in Edmonton.

In 1991, Wilson began writing full-time.

Wilson now lives in Lantzville on Vancouver Island. He is married to Jenifer Mary Wilson and has three children: Sarah, Fiona, and Iain.

Awards and honours
A Soldier’s Sketchbook and Death on the River are Junior Library Guild selections.

In 2017, the Chicago Public Library named A Soldier’s Sketchbook one of the best Informational Books for Older Readers of the year.

Publications

Fiction
 Across Frozen Seas (1997)
 Adrift in Time (2003)
 Dancing Elephants and Floating Continents: The Story of Canada Beneath Your Feet (2003)
 Ghosts of James Bay (2006)
 Red Goodwin (2006)
 The Alchemist's Dream (2007)
 Lost Cause  (2012)
 The Ruined City (2018)
 The Third Act (2018)

Caught in Conflict collection

 Lost in Spain (1999)
 And in the Morning... (2002)
 Flames of the Tiger (2003)
 The Flags of War (2004)
 Battle Scars (2005)
 Four Steps to Death (2005)
 Where Soldiers Lie (2007)
 Germania (2008)
 Death on the River (2009)

Desert Legends trilogy

 Written in Blood (2010)
 Ghost Moon (2011)
 Victorio's War (2012)

Heretic's Secret trilogy

 Crusade / Heretic (2009)
 Quest / Grail (2010)
 Rebirth (2013)

I Am Canada books

 Shot at Dawn: World War I, Allan McBride, France, 1917 (2011)
 Graves of Ice (2014)

Steve series

 The Missing Skull (2016)
 Lost Cause (2012)
 Broken Arrow (2014)

Stolen duo

 Stolen (2013)
 Bones (2014)

Tales of War trilogy

 Wings of War (2014)
 Dark Terror (2015)
 A Dangerous Game (2016)

Weet trilogy

 Weet (1995)
 Weet's Quest (1997)
 Weet Alone (1999)

Non-Fiction
 Norman Bethune: A Life of Passionate Conviction (1999)
 Righting Wrongs: The Story of Norman Bethune (2001)
 Discovering the Arctic: The Story of John Rae (2003)
 Desperate Glory: The Story of WWI (2008)
 Bitter Ashes: The Story of WWII (2009)
 Ghost Mountains and Vanished Oceans: North America from Birth to Middle Age (2009)
 Failed Hope: The Story of the Lost Peace (2012)
 The Final Alchemy: A Novel of Murder, Magic and the Search for the Northwest Passage (2012)
 John Franklin: Traveller on Undiscovered Seas
 Lands of Lost Content (2020)
 A Man Exact and Truthful: John Rae and the Northwest Passage (2022)
 The Journal of James Fitzjames (2022)

Poetry

 Love, Death and Nonsense: A Diversity of Verse (2022)

References

People from the Isle of Skye
Canadian children's writers
1951 births
Writers from Edinburgh
Scottish emigrants to Canada
Naturalized citizens of Canada
People from the Regional District of Nanaimo
Writers from British Columbia
Living people
Writers from Paisley, Renfrewshire
Alumni of the University of St Andrews


The Fuling or Fu Mausoleum (; ), also known as the East Mausoleum (), is the mausoleum of Nurhaci, the founding monarch of the Later Jin dynasty (subsequently posthumously recognized as an emperor of the Qing dynasty) and his wife, Empress Xiaocigao. It served as the main site for ritual ceremonies conducted by the imperial family during the entire Qing dynasty. Located in the eastern part of Shenyang city, Liaoning Province, northeastern China, Fuling has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2004.

Layout
The mausoleum is an extensive architectural complex that consist of stone archway, main red gate, sacred way, cloud pillars, stone animals, a 108-step stone staircase, the Shengong Shengde Stele Pavilion, the washing room, the fruit room, the tea room, the waiting room, Long'en Gate, Long'en Hall, eastern and western side-halls, silk burning pavilion,
Lingxing Gate, the five stone sacrifice utensils, Ming pavilion, and Treasure City.

Location
The mausoleum is located in a hilly area 10,000 meters east of the old city of Shenyang.

Protection
Fuling was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in an extension to the site Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in 2004.

References

Burial sites of imperial Chinese families
Buildings and structures in Shenyang
Qing dynasty architecture
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Liaoning
World Heritage Sites in China
Nurhaci


Sudipta Kaviraj (born 1945) is a scholar of South Asian Politics and Intellectual History, often associated with Postcolonial and Subaltern Studies.  He is currently teaching at Columbia University in the department of Middle Eastern, South Asian and African Studies.

Education

Sudipta Kaviraj was a student of Political Science at the Presidency College of the University of Calcutta. He received his Ph.D. from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.

Career

He is a Professor of South Asian Politics and South Asian Intellectual History, as well as the former department chair of the Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies department at Columbia University. Prior to joining Columbia University, he was a Professor in Politics in the Department of Politics at the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London. He was also Associate Professor of Political Science at JNU, New Delhi. He also held a Visiting Fellowship at St Antony's College, Oxford.

He was a founding member of the Subaltern Studies Collective.

Opinions

The Enchantment of Democracy and India" (Permanent Black 2011)
"The history of modern India tells us a complex, surprising, captivating, and yet unconcluded story of freedom. It is appropriate to express a Tocquevillesque astonishment at this historical phenomenon. If we look from age to age, from the earliest antiquity to the present day, we can agree with Tocqueville that nothing like this has ever happened before. We have not yet seen the end of this unprecedented historical process… For, the eventual shape of the destination of this process might be unclear, but the movement towards a greater expansion of freedom is irreversible."

Selected publications
The Unhappy Consciousness: Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay and the Formation of Nationalist Discourse in India, 1993,
Politics in India, Oxford University Press, 1999,
Civil Society: History and Possibilities, Cambridge University Press, 2001,
"Imaginary Institutions of India", Permanent Black, 2010,

References

External links
Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies Department Website

Bengali people
Columbia University faculty
Academic staff of Jawaharlal Nehru University
Fellows of St Antony's College, Oxford
Presidency University, Kolkata alumni
University of Calcutta alumni
Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni
Academics of SOAS University of London
1945 births
Living people


The Tuparí languages of Brazil form a branch of the Tupian language family.

Internal classification
The Tupari languages are:
 Makuráp
 Nuclear Tupari
 Akuntsu–Mekéns (Sakirabiá, Waratégaya)
 Tuparí, Kepkiriwát, Wayoró

None are spoken by more than a few hundred people.

A more recent internal classification by Nikulin & Andrade (2020) is given below:

Tuparian
Makurap
Core Tuparian
Wayoró–Tuparí
Wayoró
Tuparí
Corumbiara
Mekéns
Akuntsú

Varieties
Below is a list of Tupari language varieties listed by Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties.

Macuráp group
Macuráp - spoken at the sources of the Colorado River (Rondônia).
Kanuːa / Koaratíra / Canoê - spoken in the valley of Apidía and on the middle course of the Verde River, Rondônia.
Amniapé - spoken at the sources of the Mequéns River.
Guaratégaja / Mequen - spoken at the sources of the Verde River and Mequéns River in the same region.
Kabishiana - spoken between the Corumbiara River and Verde River, Rondônia.
Wayoró / Wyarú - spoken at the sources of the Terevinto River and Colorado River (Rondônia).
Apichum - spoken in the same region but exact location unknown.
Tupari / Wakaraü - once spoken on the upper course of the Branco River or São Simão River, the same territory; now probably extinct.

Kepkeriwát group
Kepkeriwát / Quepi-quiri-uate - spoken on the right bank of the Pimenta Bueno River.

Proto-language

Proto-Tuparí reconstructions by Moore and Vilacy Galucio (1994):

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"
! gloss !! Proto-Tuparí
|-
| ‘sweet potato’ || *gwagwo
|-
| ‘tapir’ || *ɨkwaay
|-
| ‘macaw’ || *pet+'a
|-
| ‘one’ || *kiẽt
|-
| ‘small’ || *Dĩĩt
|-
| ‘fish’ || *pot
|-
| ‘fowl’ || *õkɨra
|-
| ‘seed’ || *kit
|-
| ‘neck’ || *gwotkɨp
|-
| ‘heart’ || *ãnõã
|-
| ‘to know’ || *toã
|-
| ‘to give’ || *ñũã
|-
| ‘to speak’ || *mãYã
|-
| ‘sun, year’ || *ŋgiahkop
|-
| ‘stone’ || *ŋwa+'i
|-
| ‘earth’ || *kɨy
|-
| ‘fire; firewood’ || *agopkap
|-
| ‘mountain’ || *(n)dzo
|-
| ‘person’ || *aotse
|-
| ‘mother’ || *ñä
|-
| ‘husband’ || *mẽt
|-
| ‘hammock’ || *ẽ/*ĩnĩ
|-
| ‘seat’ || *ãβõ-pe
|-
| ‘seat’ || *ñãp-pe
|-
| ‘hair’ || *Dap
|-
| ‘tooth’ || *ñããy
|-
| ‘hand’ || *mbo
|-
| ‘nail’ || *mbo-ape
|-
| ‘skin’ || *pe
|-
| ‘liver’ || *pia
|-
| ‘foot’ || *mbi
|-
| ‘breast’ || *ŋẽp
|-
| ‘blood (n)’ || *a
|-
| ‘blood (n)’ || *eYɨ
|-
| ‘tobacco’ || *pitoa
|-
| ‘maize’ || *atsitsi
|-
| ‘axe’ || *gwi
|-
| ‘knife’ || *ŋgɨtpe
|-
| ‘timbo’ || *ŋĩk
|-
| ‘mortar’ || *ẽndzɨ
|-
| ‘salt’ || *ŋgɨɨt
|-
| ‘meat’ || *ñẽt+'ã
|-
| ‘water (n)’ || *ɨgɨ
|-
| ‘basin’ || *βãẽkɨt
|-
| ‘dust’ || *ñõ'õ
|-
| ‘path’ || *pee
|-
| ‘night’ || *ŋĩndak
|-
| ‘leaf’ || *Dep/*deep
|-
| ‘Brazil nut tree’ || *kãnã
|-
| ‘Brazil nut tree’ || *arao
|-
| ‘assai (palm)’ || *gwit+'i
|-
| ‘banana’ || *ehpiip
|-
| ‘cotton’ || *ororo
|-
| ‘genipap’ || *tsigaap
|-
| ‘peanut’ || *araɨgwi
|-
| ‘pepper’ || *kõỹ
|-
| ‘armadillo’ || *ndayto
|-
| ‘tail’ || *okway
|-
| ‘snake’ || *Dat/*daat
|-
| ‘lizard’ || *Dako
|-
| ‘turtle’ || *mbok+'a
|-
| ‘caiman’ || *gwaYto
|-
| ‘crab’ || *kera
|-
| ‘achiote’ || *ŋgop
|-
| ‘horn’ || *apikɨp
|-
| ‘paca’ || *gwãnãmbiro
|-
| ‘deer’ || *ɨtsɨɨ
|-
| ‘dog’ || *ãŋwẽko
|-
| ‘ocelot’ || *ãŋwẽko Dĩĩt
|-
| ‘agouti’ || *ŋwãkɨ̃ỹã
|-
| ‘bat’ || *ŋwari+'a
|-
| ‘coati’ || *pi'it
|-
| ‘capuchin monkey’ || *sahkɨrap
|-
| ‘spider monkey’ || *ãrĩmẽ
|-
| ‘honey marten’ (kinkajou?) || *ãmãnã
|-
| ‘peccary’ || *Daotse
|-
| ‘collared peccary’ || *Daotsey
|-
| ‘louse’ || *ãŋgɨp
|-
| ‘flea’ || *ñõk
|-
| ‘wasp’ || *ŋgap
|-
| ‘termite’ || *ŋgub+i
|-
| ‘big ant’ || *Dat+'a
|-
| ‘cockroach’ || *a
|-
| ‘cockroach’ || *eβape
|-
| ‘cicada’ || *ŋõtŋõna
|-
| ‘scorpion’ || *kɨtnĩŋã
|-
| ‘snail’ || *ɨ̃ỹã
|-
| ‘piranha’ || *ipñãỹ
|-
| ‘surubim’ || *ãnõrẽ
|-
| ‘mandi’ || *mõkoa
|-
| ‘toucan’ || *yo
|-
| ‘toucan’ || *ñõkãt
|-
| ‘duck’ || *ɨpek
|-
| ‘vulture’ || *ɨβe
|-
| ‘vulture’ || *ako
|-
| ‘hawk’ || *kẽỹ+'ã
|-
| ‘hummingbird’ || *mĩnĩt
|-
| ‘owl’ || *popoβa
|-
| ‘partridge’ || *kwãŋwã
|-
| ‘basket, big’ || *ãŋgerek
|-
| ‘canoe’ || *kɨp-pe
|-
| ‘clothing’ || *pe
|-
| ‘to drink’ || *ka
|-
| ‘to take’ || *ara
|-
| ‘to blow’ || *ɨβa
|-
| ‘to vomit’ || *ẽkẽt
|-
| ‘to push’ || *mõrã
|-
| ‘to swim’ || *tĩptĩpnã
|-
| ‘to see’ || *to'a
|-
| ‘to see’ || *-tso-
|-
| ‘hot’ || *ahkop
|-
| ‘good’ || *poat
|-
| ‘new’ || *pahgop
|-
| ‘old’ || *poot
|-
| ‘name’ || *Det
|-
| ‘sour’ || *kãỹ
|-
| ‘other’ || *nõõ
|-
| ‘smooth’ || *atsik
|-
| ‘rotten’ || *ãnde
|-
| ‘rotten’ || *ãkwĩ
|-
| ‘straight’ || *kɨɨt
|-
| ‘distant’ || *gwetsok
|-
| ‘2nd person’ || *ẽt
|}

Syntax
In all Tuparian languages, the main clauses follow the cross-linguistically rare nominative–absolutive pattern. Person prefixes on the verb are absolutive, i.e., they index the sole argument of an intransitive verb (S) and the patient argument ('direct object') of a transitive verb (P). Person pronouns, which follow the verb (either cliticizing to it or not) are nominative: they may encode the sole argument of an intransitive verb (S) or the agent argument of a transitive verb (A), but not the patient of a transitive verb (P). The example below is from Wayoró.

  Eamõjãn (en).
  s-V			(S)
  /e-amõc-a-t		(ẽt)/
  2-dance-TH-NFUT	(2.NOM)
  ‘You danced.’

  Etopkwap nã on.
  p-V			A
  /e-top-kʷ-a-p	nã	õt/
  2-see-PL-TH-p	FUT	1.NOM
  ‘I’ll see you every day.’

References

External links
 Amazonian Languages of Rondônia and Bolivia

Tupian languages


Yardley Court is a private day preparatory school for boys in Tonbridge, Kent, England, founded in 1898 by Arthur Bickmore and his wife Lilian. It now forms part of Somerhill, a public school in the British sense of the term.

There are currently around 250 boys in the school, aged between 7 and 13. The school occupies a site of 152 acres just outside Tonbridge, and is self-contained on listed park land. Since its foundation the school has been located on two sites, including the current site. Originally the school was situated in Yardley Park Road, close to Tonbridge School. For the academic year 2023/24, Yardley charges £6,450 per term.

The Headmaster since 2017 is Duncan Sinclair, previously Headmaster of Taunton Preparatory School and Deputy Headmaster at St Michael's Prep School, Otford.

History
Founded in 1898, Yardley Court was in its early years run by members of the Bickmore family, initially by A.L. Bickmore and later by his sons Maurice Bickmore (MHB) and Eric Bickmore (AFB). Eric Bickmore played cricket for Oxford University (1920–21) and for Kent County Cricket Club (1919–29). Its original location was situated in Yardley Park Road, close to Tonbridge School.

In 1973 when Eric Bickmore retired, his sons John Bickmore and Michael Bickmore ran the school as joint headmasters. They were known as “Mr John” and “Mr Michael”. Mr John's wife, Mary Blaikie, was school matron and known as “Mrs John”.

In 1982 Mr John died. And in 1983, the first non-Bickmore, John Barber was appointed joint headmaster alongside Mr Michael. Mr Barber had been a senior teacher for some years prior. Mr Michael retired in 1990 and Mr Barber resigned suddenly in 1992. Mr Barber was replaced by Tony Brook. John Coakley was the Headmaster of Yardley Court and Principal from 1996 to 2017.

Yardley Court has had close links to Tonbridge School for many years. A high proportion of boys have gone on to Tonbridge, many of them winning scholarships. Some Yardley Court choristers are members of the Tonbridge School choir.

The school moved to its current site in 1990. The Yardley Park Road site was sold to a housebuilder for a substantial sum, which secured the school's future. Yardley Court was joined by Derwent Lodge in 1993, with a Pre-Prep school joining in 1996.  The three schools are now known collectively as "Somerhill".

Roll of Honour
44 former students, masters, catering staff, groundsmen, butchers, milkmen and administrators lost their lives in World War I and 63 in World War II. Their names are listed on two plaques on the Roll of Honour. A wreath laying ceremony is held each year on Remembrance Day.

The OYC Roll of Honour includes Wing Commander Eric James Brindley Nicolson VC DFC, Battle of Britain fighter pilot and recipient of the Victoria Cross.

Other notable alumni
 Sam Alper, inventor of the Sprite caravan and Little Chef chain of roadside restaurants.
 Admiral of the Fleet Sir Edward Beckwith Ashmore, British naval officer
 Vice Admiral Sir Peter William Beckwith Ashmore, British naval officer
 John Bee, organist.
 Eric Bickmore, cricketer and Headmaster at the school
 Ian Bradley, author, academic and broadcaster.
 Bernard Cheese, painter and printmaker.
 Patrick Head, mechanic.
 Robert Fisk, journalist.
 Michael Fish, weatherman.
 Gerald Ratner, businessman.
 Andrew Davenport, creator of In the Night Garden and co-creator of Teletubbies.
 Frederick Forsyth, novelist.
 Jon Tickle, presenter.
 Martin Clunes, actor and comedian.
 David Marques, England and British Lions rugby player and member of 1964 America's Cup challenger team aboard the yacht Sovereign.
 Patrick Moore, astronomer.
 Matthew Parker, author
 David Quayle, businessman and co-founder of B&Q.
 Paul Rutman, producer and writer, including TV series Indian Summers and eight episodes of Vera
 L. J. K. Setright, motoring journalist and author.
 Ed Smith, cricketer and writer.
 Al Pease, racing driver.
 Elleston Trevor, author of Flight of The Phoenix and the Quiller series of espionage novels.
 Jon Snow, journalist and presenter.
 Peter West, presenter.
 Richard Osman, presenter and novelist.
 Harry Hill, comedian.
 Anthony Worrall Thompson, celebrity chef.
 Bob Woolmer, cricketer.
 Charlie Ross, antiques expert.
 Dick Strawbridge, presenter.
 Charles ffrench-Constant, neurologist.
 Ruaridh McConnochie, England Rugby and Bath Rugby player.
 Denis Ovens, darts player.

References

Preparatory schools in Kent
1898 establishments in England
Schools in Tonbridge


"Broken, Beat & Scarred" is a song by American heavy metal band Metallica, and the fourth and final single from their studio album Death Magnetic. It was released on April 3, 2009.

James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich argued at length over the title of this song. Hetfield said that he did not like the title, but Ulrich was "very adamant" that it should be called "Broken, Beat & Scarred".

On April 3, 2009, "Broken, Beat & Scarred" was released as a single in two formats, a digi-collectors edition and a maxi single.

Music video
On March 26, 2009, the official video for "Broken, Beat & Scarred" premiered on the band's official website. The video features the band performing the song live in Fresno, California, in December 2008 accompanied by other clips of the band performing in Ontario, California, in December 2008 on the World Magnetic Tour. It was directed by Wayne Isham, who has previously worked with the band on several videos including Cunning Stunts.

Incorrect credits
The CD maxi single, which was released in Australia, New Zealand, and Southeast Asia, was found to have incorrect information in the credits. The band said that no one from the band or their management had been able to see the artwork before it was released, and it was the fault of the record company. The band said that the singles would be pulled from the stores and another batch was made available. They described the old version as a collector's item for fans who had already bought it.

Track listing

 All live versions recorded at the O2 Arena , London on September 15, 2008, at the Death Magnetic release event.

Personnel
Metallica
 James Hetfield – vocals, rhythm guitar
 Lars Ulrich – drums
 Kirk Hammett – lead guitar
 Robert Trujillo – bass

Other personnel
 Rick Rubin – production

Chart performance

Release details

References

2008 songs
2009 singles
Metallica songs
Music videos directed by Wayne Isham
Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin
Songs written by James Hetfield
Songs written by Kirk Hammett
Songs written by Lars Ulrich
Songs written by Robert Trujillo


L.A. Theatre Works (LATW) is a not-for-profit American media arts organization based in Los Angeles founded in 1984. The intent of the organization is to produce, preserve, and distribute classic and contemporary plays of significance. Along with its "live-in-performance" series (currently performed at the James Bridges Theatre on the UCLA campus), some productions are taken on national and international tours. Recordings of productions are posted on its website and available via broadcast syndication as a weekly series on radio stations.

Actors that have appeared in L.A. Theatre Works productions include John Lithgow, Annette Bening, Hilary Swank, Anne Heche, Ed Asner, Alfred Molina, Marsha Mason, Jason Ritter, David Strathairn, JoBeth Williams, Paul Giamatti, Neil Patrick Harris, Laurence Fishburne, Jimmy Smits, Héctor Elizondo, and Julie Harris among others.

History
The organization originally was known as "Artists in Prison", and used theatre to facilitate creative expression by incarcerated men and women. In 1980, it changed its name to "L.A. Theatre Works", and then in 1985, began producing and recording radio dramas. The founding members included Edward Asner, Richard Dreyfuss, Héctor Elizondo, Harry Hamlin, Julie Harris, Amy Irving, Stacy Keach, John Lithgow, Marsha Mason, JoBeth Williams, and current Producing Director Susan Loewenberg, who joined together out of a desire to create a venue for stage acting in Los Angeles.

Between 1985 and 2012, L.A. Theatre Works has recorded over 400 plays. Titles include works by Arthur Miller, Oscar Wilde, David Mamet, Yasmina Reza, Tom Stoppard, Jon Robin Baitz, Kenneth Lonergan, Rebecca Gilman, Lynn Nottage, William Shakespeare, Sophocles, Molière, and many others.

In 1997, L.A. Theatre Works received an NEA Media Arts grant of $100,000 to support a campaign to increase the nationwide audience for its theater library.

In 2005, it launched its National Touring program, taking "live-in-performance" radio dramas to venues across the country. As of 2012, L.A. Theatre Works has visited over 200 civic and performing arts centers and university venues with numerous productions.

In 2011, the organization began performing at the UCLA James Bridges Theatre, moving from the Los Angeles Skirball Cultural Center.

In 2011, it began collaborating with Roundabout Theatre Company to broadcast productions from National Theatre Live in HD. These screenings are held at the UCLA James Bridges Theatre. The first of these screenings was The Importance of Being Earnest produced by Roundabout Theatre Company, starring Brian Bedford.

In 2011, the organization completed its first International Tour of China with the play Top Secret: Battle for the Pentagon Papers.

In 2012, it began releasing e-books of its plays. These e-books allow a user to listen to a recorded play while reading along with the text.

As of May 2012, L.A. Theatre Works has a weekly public radio show in over 80 markets in the U.S., along with available online streaming at their website, which is hosted by Loewenberg and also contains bonus wrap-around content. The show is distributed by PRX.

L.A. Theatre Works' audio productions have received awards from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, Writers Guild of America, Publishers Weekly, Library Journal, and Audio Publishers Association, among others. Recordings are available in over 9,000 libraries throughout the U.S. and to the general public through the official website and from select retailers.

Artist Advisory Council
The Artist Advisory Council currently includes Rosalind Ayres, Ed Begley Jr., Héctor Elizondo, Martin Jarvis, Stacy Keach, Marsha Mason, Richard Masur, Alfred Molina, David Selby, Eric Stoltz, JoBeth Williams, and Charlayne Woodard.

References

External links
 LATW.org: Official L.A. Theatre Works (LATW) website
 LATW.org: Company Overview + History — based in Venice, California.
LATW.org: Radio Theatre Series — streaming shows + station affiliates.

Theatre companies in Los Angeles
American radio dramas
Arts organizations based in California
Mass media in Los Angeles
Non-profit organizations based in Los Angeles
Venice, Los Angeles
Entertainment companies based in California
Arts organizations established in 1974
1974 establishments in California


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Monday, April 4, 1977, the first of two lunar eclipses in 1977. At maximum eclipse, a small bite out of the Moon should have been visible. The eclipse lasted for 1 hour and 34.76 minutes, with just 19.289% of the Moon in shadow at maximum.

Visibilility
It was completely visible over North America, South America, Europe and Asia, seen rising over the Pacific and setting over the Middle East.

Related lunar eclipses

Eclipses in 1977
 A partial lunar eclipse on Monday, 4 April 1977.
 An annular solar eclipse on Monday, 18 April 1977.
 A penumbral lunar eclipse on Tuesday, 27 September 1977.
 A total solar eclipse on Wednesday, 12 October 1977.

Lunar year series

Saros series

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two partial solar eclipses of Solar Saros 119.

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

1977-04
1977 in science
April 1977 events


A penumbral lunar eclipse took place on Tuesday, September 27, 1977, the second of two lunar eclipses in 1977. At maximum eclipse, 90.076% of the Moon's disc was partially shaded by the Earth, which caused a slight shadow gradient across its disc; this subtle effect may have been visible to careful observers. No part of the Moon was in complete shadow. The eclipse lasted 4 hours, 17 minutes and 35.5 seconds overall. Occurring 6.2 days before apogee (Apogee on October 3, 1977), the Moon's apparent diameter was 2.2% smaller than average.

Visibility
It was completely visible over east in Asia, Australia, Pacific, North America and South America, seen rising over Asia, East China Sea and Australia and setting over the Atlantic and South America.

Related lunar eclipses

Eclipses in 1977
 A partial lunar eclipse on Monday, 4 April 1977.
 An annular solar eclipse on Monday, 18 April 1977.
 A penumbral lunar eclipse on Tuesday, 27 September 1977.
 A total solar eclipse on Wednesday, 12 October 1977.

Lunar year series

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two solar eclipses of Solar Saros 124.

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

1977-09
1977 in science
September 1977 events


The Monde languages of Brazil form a branch of the Tupian language family.

Cinta Larga is a dialect cluster spoken by a thousand people. Other languages are Mondé, Aruáshi, Suruí, Zoro, and Gavião do Jiparaná.

Classification
Internal classification of the Mondé languages according to Moore (2005):

Mondé
Suruí (Paíter)
A
Salamãy (Mondé)
B
Cinta Larga (3 groups: Kabínééy, Kakínééy, and Maamééy)
(subgroup)
Gavião de Rondônia (Ikolééy)
Zoró (Pãgɨñééy)
Aruá

Unclassified: Arara do Guariba

Varieties
Below is a list of Mondé language varieties listed by Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties.

Mondé - spoken on the Ouro River, tributary of the Pimenta Bueno River, Rondônia.
Sanamaica / Salamay - spoken on the left bank of the Pimenta Bueno River.
Aruá - spoken on the Branco River near São Luís, Rondônia.
Digüt - spoken on the left bank of the Machado River.
Aruáshi - spoken by the neighbors of the Tupari tribe at the sources of the Branco River.

Kabanae (spoken by the "Arara nation" according to Johann Natterer) and Matanau, are both extinct Monde languages that were spoken at the mouth of the Aripuanã River. Word lists of Kabanae and Matanau were collected by Johann Natterer in 1829 during his expedition into the Madeira River (Jolkesky 2016: 640-641).

Jolkesky (2016) also observed some similarities between the Arara do Rio Branco and the Monde languages; however, Arara do Rio Branco remains unclassified.

References

Tupian languages