The Bacon Brothers, Jonathan, Jarrod, and Jamie, are a trio of gangsters from Abbotsford, British Columbia who are suspected of multiple firearms and drug trafficking charges and implicated in a rash of homicides that took place in the Fraser Valley and Greater Vancouver area. Jonathan, the oldest brother, was murdered in Kelowna on August 14, 2011.

Rise to power
The Bacon family originated from Edmonton. David Bacon was a special needs teacher who moved to Abbotsford after being hired by the Abbotsford School District while his wife Susan worked as a property manager for the Prospera Credit Union. The Bacon family was comfortably middle-class. The three Bacon brothers were Jonathan David (born January 31, 1981), Jarrod Wayne (born March 14, 1983) and James Kyle "Jamie" (born August 1, 1985).

Jonathan Bacon attended W. J. Mouat Secondary School and excelled at wrestling. One woman who knew the Bacon brothers who has asked to be identified only as "Stephanie" suspected that Jonathan was working as a drug dealer, saying "When you see a kid start to have money all of a sudden, you immediately figure it's drugs". "Stephanie" described Jonathan as a popular student who loved wrestling and who became colder as he became to associate with a group of older men, saying of his new friends: "They were older, some of them in their 20s, They all had cars and expensive stuff like jewelry and watches. When Jonathan started to hang out with them, he started acting like them, talking like them, dressing like them". Another woman who went to school with Jonathan who asked to be identified only as "Amy" stated that the Bacon family was considered to be mostly "normal", but the two younger Bacon brothers were viewed as "bad news". "Amy" described Jonathan as becoming more distant as he aged, saying: "It's not like he became mean and nasty, or like a bully, or anything. It's just that he became less friendly, more of a tough guy". "Amy" also stated that Jonathan's new friends, including the non-Asians, all had tattoos in "Chinese writing" (members of the United Nations gang are required to have the phrase "Honour, Loyalty, Respect" in Chinese characters tattooed on themselves). Jonathan graduated from Mouat in 1999 and did not go to university. In 2000, he was arrested and convicted of drug possession and again in 2001 for the possession of stolen goods. In 2001, David and Susan Bacon purchased an expensive house at 35475 Strathcona Court with seven bedrooms that sparked much discussion in the community about a how teacher and a property manager could afford their new home.

Jarrod and Jamie Bacon both attended Yale Secondary School. In 2002, Jarrod took up wrestling and in 2003 won the provincial high school wrestling championship. Jamie likewise followed his brothers in embracing wrestling and in his final year of high school won a provincial gold medal in wrestling. One woman who knew Jarrod who has asked to be identified only as "Andrea" stated: "He was a tough guy, pushing his weight around. While Jonathan could be quite charming at times, Jarrod was more like a thug. My little brother and all his friends would avoid him at all costs. They were scared of him." Andrea said of Jamie: "He was a jerk. I never liked him. At his age, lots of guys can be immature, but Jamie was like mean; like over the top, like he seemed to enjoy pissing other people off". Another woman known as "Christine" stated about Jarrod: "I couldn't believe it when I heard he was a teacher's son. He was disruptive in class and seemed not to care at all about his work". Christine said of Jamie: "He always had new fancy things, like clothes and jewelry, and he had a car when he was very young-a big car, an expensive one...I just assumed it was drugs"

On May 15, 2001, Jamie was arrested for assault at the age of 15, an incident that is little known owing to a court ban. Journalist Jerry Langton wrote that the Bacon brothers were typical of the gangsters in the Lower Mainland who usually came from middle-class families with loving parents. Langton wrote that Bacon brothers "...didn't come from poverty or an abusive or broken homes. In fact, they came from exactly the opposite upbringing that many social critics say incubates crime. The Bacon brothers lived in middle-class affluence in a nice house with their supportive parents. They went to good schools at which they excelled athletically and were popular socially. They were just some guys who thought they could get rich selling drugs".

A man who asked only to be identified as Nelson who moved from Toronto to Abbotsford lived on Strathcona Court and knew the Bacon family. Nelson described the Bacon brothers as being in their 20s, but still living with their parents. Nelson said that the Bacon brothers made everyone in the neighborhood "nervous" and that: "Nobody wanted to run into them because they were obnoxious and rude. It started with the old man. He was not just rude, but aggressively so. I have no idea how he had a job as a teacher". Nelson called Jonathan the most relatively reasonable of the three Bacon brothers while Jarrod "tried to look like a gangster in dark suites and expensive sunglasses. He looked like he had more money than taste". Nelson called Jamie the worse of the three brothers, saying: "He was the size of a moose and seemed about half as smart. While the other two had macho swagger, Jamie looked like a psycho". Nelson stated that the Bacon brothers dominated the neighborhood, parking their expensive luxury cars whatever they pleased and holding loud parties well into the night. When Langton asked Nelson about the origins of their Bacon brothers' wealth, he stated: "They sold drugs, of course". The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) believed the Bacon brothers were working with the United Nations gang. The Bacon brothers worked with rather than for the United Nations gang as the brothers held in contempt Clayton Roueche and what Langton called his "juvenile, faux-Asian, semi-religious rituals". In 2004, Jarrod was charged with attempted murder after a man was shot at the Fraser Valley Inn. The charges were dropped when the victim of the shooting refused to testify against Bacon in court.

Arrest of Jonathan Bacon
In 2005, Jonathan moved out of his parents house and rented a house at Winfield Drive with his girlfriend, Rayleene Burton, whose notable aspect were her "apparently surgically enhanced" breasts. The neighbors of Bacon described "expensive-looking" automobiles constantly being parked in his driveway and on the street as various "tough-looking guys" were always coming and going into the house. The police arrested and charged Jonathan with leading a break-in into a marijuana grow-op, but the unwillingness of the witnesses to testify against him led to Jonathan only being convicted of possession of stolen goods. Jonathan also starting taking helicopter lessons from Dustin "Princess" Haugen, a helicopter pilot known to work as a drug smuggler for the United Nations gangs, flying drugs over the American border. In March 2005, Haugen was involved in a helicopter crash that killed his girlfriend, Christian Alexander. Haugen claimed that he taking Alexander on a "sightseeing trip" at night. Bacon ceased his helicopter lessons after the crash.

The Abbotsford police put Jonathan Bacon under surveillance, and on the afternoon of August 4, 2005, Constable John Forster was informed by the surveillance team that Bacon was sitting in the car of Godwin Cheng, a known drug dealer, in front of his house. Forster ordered the policemen present to arrest both Bacon and Cheng, and after arresting the two men, the police found 8 ounces of marijuana, 15 ecstasy pills, 92 hits of methamphetamine, and $2,600 in cash in Cheng's car. Upon seeing Bacon's arrest, Burton fled from the house in her SUV and after she was arrested only blocks away from Bacon's house, the police found $88,000 in cash inside her SUV.

After being granted a search warrant, the Abbotsford police found in Bacon's house four handguns, two semi-automatic and the other two automatic plus a police scanner and a genuine police constable's uniform. Jonathan Bacon was dressing up as a policeman, apparently to assist with robbing other drug dealers. On October 25, 2005, Jamie Baron together with Denis Karbovanec of the Red Scorpions were arrested for uttering death threats and pointing weapons after becoming involved in a verbal alteration on Sandy Hill Road.

Association with the Red Scorpions
On September 21, 2006, a drive-by shooting at Strathcona Court left Jonathan Bacon wounded on the driveway as he took multiple gunshot wounds. As Jonathan recovered from the shooting, many of his duties fell upon Jamie, whom Langton called "the monstrous, childish, monosyllabic body-builder and wrestler". On December 7, 2006, at the Castle Fun Park in Abbotsford, Jamie was attending a meeting when a passer-by happened to notice one of the men attending the meeting was carrying a gun and called the police. Arrested alongside Jamie were Randy Naicker and Barry Espadilla of the Independent Soldiers and Dennis Karbovanec and Anton Hooites-Meursing of the Red Scorpions.

In 2006, the brothers partnered with the Red Scorpions gang to help them compete with the United Nations gang. The authorities believed that the brothers took leadership control of the Red Scorpions shortly thereafter. It is believed that the Bacon brothers' take-over of the Red Scorpions was orchestrated by the Hells Angels to reduce the Red Scorpions down to a Hells Angels puppet gang. Clayton Roueche, the boss of the United Nations gang was dismissive of the Bacon brothers, saying: "To me they were just little errand boys."

On February 21, 2007, the Bacon brothers left Abbotsford to move to their new home, a luxurious rental house at 15830 106th Avenue in Surrey. Unlike Abbotsford which has its own police force, Surrey hired out its policing to the RCMP. The Mountie detachment for Surrey was much smaller than the Abbotsford police force, and most of its members are not from British Columbia. There was perception in the Lower Mainland underworld in the early 21st century that Surrey was an easier place to operate in as the RCMP detachment for Surrey is more "transit" as most of its members rotate around various posts in Canada and hence lack local roots.

On April 13, 2007, as Jamie Bacon was in the process of parking his car in the drive-way of his house, his Corvette automobile was shot up by two gunmen who put bullets into the vehicle. Jamie jumped out of the car, pulled out a Glock handgun and fired four shots at the would-be assassins who were now running away. Jamie was slightly wounded by the attack as he was wearing a bulletproof vest. As he was being driven to the hospital to treat the slight gash on his head, Jamie told constable Byron Donovan of the RCMP who was riding with him that the shooting was "part of the lifestyle". Jamie told constable Donovan that he always wore a bulletproof vest whenever he went out as part of his "lifestyle". Jamie also stated he was wearing a "level 3" bulletproof vest which he stated were the best quality bulletproof vests, which he had learned from watching a TV documentary.

Lower Mainland gang war
The Lower Mainland was gripped by a gang war in 2007-2009 as the Red Scorpions fought the United Nations gang while the Hells Angels and their puppet gang, the Independent Soldiers, sought to play off both sides, supplying guns to both the rival gangs, which greatly increased the violence. Allied with the United Nations gang against the Red Scorpions was the Dhak-Duhre gang. The gang war increased the dependence of both the Red Scorpions and the United Nations gang on the Hells Angels, cementing their control of the Lower Mainland underworld. The police response to the gang war was greatly hindered by the perception that the police forces in the Lower Mainland were grossly inept, which made people unwilling to come forward with information, which was the legacy of the Pickton case. Pickton was finally arrested in 2002, but the way that the police had ignored the evidence that Pickton was a serial killer gave police forces in the Lower Mainland a reputation for being extremely incompetent and callous, which made ordinary people unwilling to risk their lives to come forward with information during the gang war. Throughout the gang war, the police forces in the Lower Mainland consistently appealed to the public for more information about the gangsters as it was openly admitted that the police were operating in an information vacuum.

In 2007, Edward "Eddie" Narong, one of the founding members of the Red Scorpions, broke away to found his own gang along with Corey Jason Lal. Corey Lal refused a demand from Jamie Bacon to pay him a $100, 000 "tax" for the right to sell drugs in Surrey. Justice Kathleen Ker stated in 2020 that Bacon wanted Lal killed because of his ego, saying: "he didn't want to look weak. In their world, Corey Lal had to die". Ker stated that Jamie was the leader of "diabolical plot" to have Lal killed. Jamie Bacon met with Corey Lai at a McDonald's restaurant to threaten his life, warning he would be killed if did not pay the "tax" he wanted.

On October 19, 2007, the Surrey Six massacre made the gang war in Vancouver front-page news. On that day, six people were shot dead inside Unit 1505 at the Balmoral Tower in Surrey. The dead included four gangsters, namely Edward "Eddie" Narong, aged 22; Michael Justin Lal, aged 26; his brother Corey Jason Lal, aged 22, and Ryan Bartolomeo, aged 19. The Lal brothers had been in a dispute about how "taxes" they owed the Red Scorpions for the right to sell drugs in Surrey and had broken away to found their own gang. The newly founded Lal gang had been "exterminated" in its entirety with the Surrey Six massacre. Two innocent by-standers, Chris Mohan, who lived across from Unit 1505, and a gas installation man, Edward Schellenberg were also killed as inconvenient witnesses to the massacre in Unit 1505. Jamie  Bacon was not present at the massacre, but Justice Ker stated he was the “chief architect” of the massacre. Ker stated that Bacon was driven by his ego to order the massacre, saying: "In the twisted logic and perverse code of the criminal point of view, there is a zero tolerance policy for displays of disrespect and defiance. Such conduct must be quickly deterred. Death is often the punishment meted out for such behavior".

Staff Sergeant Derek Brassington of the Surrey RCMP was assigned to lead the investigation into the Surrey Six massacre. Brassington was a career Mountie married to a fellow Mountie, who was known as a "cop's cop". Brassington was assigned to the Surrey Six case as reportedly the best detective in British Columbia. Evidence released after the convictions of the police detectives in charge of the Surrey Six case in 2019 showed that instead pursuing the killers behind the Surrey Six massacre, the Mountie detectives in charge of the case spent a disproportionate amount of their time in drunken debauchery. The elite police team spent much of their time being intoxicated at various bars and strip clubs while making sexual advances on female witnesses, which nearly ruined the case against Jamie Bacon. Two of the officers convicted claimed that their job stress made them incapable of rational thinking and the riotous bacchanalian excess that the squad engaged in was a result of their stress-induced mindlessness.  Brassington's superior, Inspector David Attew of the RCMP, tried very hard to seduce the girlfriend of one of the witnesses for the Crown, which nearly caused the man to break off his agreement to testify against Jamie Bacon. The detectives in charge of the Surrey Six case all faced charges of fraud for billing the Crown for overtime pay while they instead drinking in various bars and strip clubs. Langton wrote about the Surrey Six massacre: "The killers had more chutzpah and ego than they had any technical knowledge of how best to go about assassination. They let behind a huge mess of DNA and other evidence. But real investigations are not at all like the magic they show on TV and in movies. To build a compelling case from even the sloppiest murder scene takes lots of hours of hard work and no small amount of luck".

The Fiji-born Eileen Mohan, the mother of Chris Mohan, became an eloquent spokeswomen for the cause of law and order, demanding that the police take action to bring the killers of her son to justice. By this point, the Bacon brothers had become major celebrities in the Lower Mainland as the brothers courted attention by wearing expensive clothing, driving expensive cars, and always having their attractive girlfriends in tow. In the same way that Maurice Boucher became a folk hero in Montreal during the Quebec biker war, the Bacon brothers became folk heroes in the Lower Mainland, being mobbed by adoring fans in their public outings. The Bacon brothers were widely idolized and admired throughout the Lower Mainland for their apparent ability to outwit both rival gangster and the Crown. Many young men in the Lower Mainland  started to copy the short, cropped hairstyle favored by the Bacon brothers, who seen as the zenith of "cool". The American journalist Jesse Hyde wrote the media in the Lower Mainland "loved" the Bacon brothers, always obsessively following their latest move. Starting in February 2008, Eileen Mohan spoke at various rallies in Vancouver demanding that the media stop glamourizing the Bacon brothers as noble folk heroes, and that the police start taking more pro-active approach.

In early 2008, Clayton Roueche recruited two members of Calgary's Fresh Off the Boat Killers gang, namely Billy Ly and Troy Tran, to come to the Lower Mainland to kill the Bacon brothers. On May 9, 2008, an young man named Jonathan Barber who happened to vaguely resemble Jonathan Bacon because his hairstyle was an imitation of the Bacon brother hairstyle was driving Jonathan Bacon's black Porsche Cayenne SUV down the Kingsway highway from Abbotsford to Vancouver. Barber worked as the installer of the stereo equipment into automobiles, and he had been hired by Bacon to install a new audio system into his Cayenne. A car carrying a group of UN members led by the professional wrestler Ion Croitoru and Barzan Tilli-Choli also going down the Kingsway happened to see the Cayenne driven by Barber and noticing from the distance that the driver looked like Jonathan Bacon, opened fire on the Cayenne, killing Jonathan Barber instantly. Tilli-Choli became the leader of the United Nations gang after Clayton Roueche was arrested in Texas on May 19, 2008. Tilli-Choli, who became the most tenacious opponent of the Bacon brothers, was known for the "human safaris" as he would spend hours cruising the Lower Mainland in his automobile looking for the Bacon brothers and other members of the Red Scorpions gang. On May 31, 2008, the police issued a statement warning anyone who was associating with Jonathan Bacon was putting their lives at risk. On July 16, 2008, the charges against Jonathan Bacon, Godwin Cheng and Rayleene Burton for the possession of illegal weapons and drugs was dismissed when the judge ruled that the police lacked a warrant to search Cheng's car in 2005 and the arrest of Burton was also illegal because she only fled because of the arrests of Bacon and Cheng.

On October 23, 2008, Dennis Karbovanec was stopped by the police who found he was wearing a bulletproof vest and had a loaded handgun with a silencer in a hidden compartment in his Yukon Denali automobile. The police also noted that Jonathan Bacon was driving right behind Karbovanec in his Mercedes-Benz when they pulled Karbovanec over. The police believed that Karbovanec was just a pawn negotiated with the Bacon brothers, and worked out a deal where the Crown would drop all, but one of the 11 weapons charges Karbovanec was facing in exchange for the brothers handing over Karbovanec's weapons cache. Jonathan Bacon handed over to Abbotsford police detective Lyle Simpson on behalf of Karbovanec 7 handguns, 2 shotguns, a hand grenade, an Uzi submachine gun, a rifle, and 114 sticks of dynamite. In return, the Crown dropped 10 of the 11 charges and released Karbovance on $15, 000 bail. When the deal the Crown made with the Bacon brothers became public knowledge, it led a firestorm of criticism in the media and on social media as the Crown was accused of being far too lenient with the Bacon brothers. Adding to the criticism were photographs that the Bacon brothers posted on social media showing themselves enjoying lavish vacations in Mexico.

One of the leaders of the UN gang, Conor D’Monte, discussed plans in late 2008 to have a helicopter drop a bomb on the Bacon brothers home. The plan that was abandoned according one of those involved who later turned Crown's evidence as “too difficult logistically. You never know how big the bomb could be. You could damage or kill the neighbours". Another means considered by D;Monte was buying a military rocket launcher to "use it to pierce one of the Bacons’ armoured vehicle", a plan that was also abandoned when it proved impossible to buy a contraband rocket launcher. In January 2009, Tilli-Choli was with Billy Ly of the Fresh Off the Boat Killers gang of Calgary, waiting outside of the GM Place where a Lil Wayne concert was being held, hoping to kill the Bacon brothers who were attending the concert. Ly was overheard on videotape telling Tilli-Choli to "unload the whole thing" (i.e fire the entire round of his AK-47) if he saw the Bacon brothers. The police arrested both Tilli-Choli and Ly before the attempt could be made. On January 16, 2009, the Abbotsford police answered a call that three men was seen carrying guns at the Sevenoaks Shopping Center. The three men turned out to be the Bacon brothers; no guns were found on them, through Jonathan was wearing a bulletproof vest. On January 20, 2009, at about 3:50 pm, Jamie Bacon was driving in his Mercedes-Benz SL55 automobile on the South Fraser Way and had stopped at a red light when a SUV pulled alongside him and a group of men opened fire. Six bullets were pumped in Jamie's Mercedes-Benz, which led him to run the red light and he drove manically down the South Fraser Way at high speed, being chased by his would-be assassins. Bacon ended up crashing his automobile into a Keg restaurant after his car hit a median.

After learning that Jonathan Bacon had moved into a condo at 651 Nootka Way in Port Moody, on February 3, 2009, the Port Moody police warned in a public statement that to associate with any of the three Bacon brothers was to put one's life in danger. Langton wrote: "Not surprisingly, the Port Moody warning didn't work. If anything, it only made the gangsta-wannabe kids in the Lower Mainland admire the Bacon Brothers even more. The boys had proved they were not just untouchable by law enforcement, but also by their enemies....Their lives were like the twisted fantasies of a bored 12-year old. The warning only put an official stamp on it". Later on the same day of the Port Moody warning, an associate of the brothers, Raphael Baldini was gunned down in Surrey. People in the Lower Mainland flooded social media sites with praise and tributes for Baldini. On February 6, 2009, a Bacon brother associate, Kevin LeClair, was shot in the front of the Marketplace IGA grocery and died the next day. On February 16, 2009, Nicole Marie Alemy, the wife of a UN gang member, Koshan Alemy, was gunned down in her car. As she was driving only with her 4-year old son and the windows of her Cadillac CTS coupe were clear, it is believed that this was not a case of mistaken identity, but rather that her killers had targeted her intentionally as a way to bring grief to her husband. The murder of Alemy finally changed public opinion in the Lower Mainland and people began to supply information about the underworld. For the first time, the police phonelines for tips was overwhelmed as thousands of people called in to supply potential information about the Alemy murder. Mountie Corporal Dale Carr told the media: "We're starting to see a bit of a groundswell, if you, of people just saying, 'enough is enough, we're fed up, we're going to give a call'". Two of the callers identified themselves as long-time members of the Red Scorpions who both stated that they were disgusted by the cold-blooded execution of a mother in front of her 4-year old son, and the information they supplied proved to be very useful to the police. On February 22, 2009, an anti-gang rally was held in Surrey's Central City Plaza, where the lead speaker was Eileen Mohan who demanded once again that the police take action to arrest those responsible for the Surrey Six massacre.

Arrests of Jamie and Jarrod Bacon
On January 19, 2009, the police Combined Forces Special Enforcement Unit was contacted by a man known as G.L. due to a court order who wanted to work as an informer, provided the Crown was willing to pay him for his services and information. The Crown was desperate for any information that might convict the Bacon brothers and agreed to G.L's offer. G.L had served a prison sentence in California for smuggling cocaine from Mexico, and upon his return to Canada contacted Wayne Scott, whose daughter Carly was the girlfriend of Jarrod Bacon and the mother of his child. G.L's connections with organized crime circles in the United States and Mexico together with him serving a prison sentence in California made his offer to import $3 million dollars worth of cocaine seemed credible to Wayne Scott.

Through Wayne Scott, the informer G.L. first met Jarrod Bacon in February 2009, where he spoke about importing 100 kilograms of cocaine from Mexico, which he then sell to Bacon. Jarrod Bacon stated he had a financial backer in the form of very wealthy Indo-Canadian berry farmer who was willing to lend him $3 million in cash to pay for the cocaine. Wayne Scott and G.L. seemed to have a low opinion of Jarrod's backer, whom they always called a "fucking Hindu". G.L. went to work for a diamond mine in northern British Columbia for the next two months, but stayed in contact with Bacon via his cell phone.

On April 1, 2009, Dennis Karbovanec of the Red Scorpions confessed to the police his role in the Surrey Six massacre. On April 3, 2009, Karbovanec was arrested on charges of first-degree murder for his role in the Surrey Six massacre on the basis of his confession. Karbovanec confessed to killing Ryan Bartolomeo, Michael Lai and Christopher Mohan. Karbovanec in an interview with journalist Kim Bolan of the Vancouver Sun stated that hearing Eileen Mohan speak on television had persuaded him to come forward and confess. One of the neighbors of the Bacon family told Langton in an interview that the arrest of Jamie Bacon on April 3, 2009, at his parents' Strathcona Court house: "It was like a movie, a war movie. The cops looked like soldiers, all dressed in black with body armor and heavy weapons." Jamie did not resist arrest and was led into a police cruiser wearing his Red Scorpions hoodie and track pants. Rob Gordon, a criminologist at Simon Fraser University was not impressed with the arrest, saying: "There is a colossal drug industry operating behind these kinds of individuals who, to my mind, are actually fairly low down on the pecking order". However, Langton argued that the arrest of Jamie was a turning point in the gang war as: "Many Lower Mainland youth idolized the gangsters, especially the Bacon brothers. Until the Surrey Six arrest, they appeared untouchable. Until that point, they were like the mythical gangsters of movies and popular music. They lived above the law, drove fancy cars and had the prettiest girls. They made millions selling drugs and they got away with murder". Langton wrote that the arrest of Jamie Bacon put a dent into their image. On 4 April 2009, Matthew Johnson, Cody Ray Haevischer and Jamie Bacon of the Red Scorpions were all charged with first-degree murder on the basis of Karbovanec's statement.

In June 2009, it emerged that the delivery people of Canada Post had been refusing to deliver the mail on Strathcona Court since April 2009 out of the fear of their lives, saying it was too dangerous, much to vexation of the other people living on Strathcona Court who complained that their mail was not being delivered. The delivery woman for Strathcona Court stated she saw Jamie Bacon being arrested on 3 April 2009 and was very "traumatized" by what she saw. Ken Mooney, the president of the Abbotsford local of the Canadian Union of Postal Workers, told the media: "This is the first time I have ever encountered this. Our employees are afraid to deliver there."

Between June–December 2009, Brassington had a torrid affair with the former girlfriend of Jamie Bacon, a woman known as "Jane Doe 1" due to a court order who agreed to testify for the Crown against Jamie Bacon. It was revealed after his guilty plea in 2019 that Brassington had billed the Crown for overtime pay while he was in fact drinking and having sex with "Jane Doe 1" in various luxury hotels in Calgary, Montreal, Toronto, Victoria, Halifax and Vancouver between June–December 2009. The police misconduct later almost ruined the case against Jamie Bacon as his lawyers argued that much of testimony against him was perjury owning to the fact that the detectives were sleeping with the witnesses against him. The statements from the two of the two detectives who sought to explain their heavy drinking on the job as due to being allegedly incapable of rational thought left the evidence gathered by the first investigation wide open to attack from Jamie Bacon's lawyers. As a result, the police were forced to essentially restart the entire investigation anew, costing the Crown thousands of dollars and wasting countless hours of police time.

Upon G.L's return to the Lower Mainland, he was contacted by Wayne Scott on May 2, 2009, about the cocaine deal, saying that Jarrod wanted a sample of the cocaine before committing the money. G.L then signed a contract with the police to become an agent source informer, giving him immunity in exchange for a promise to testify at any trial. Jarrod was arrested in May 2009 on weapons charges, but released on bail. While wearing a wire, G.L recorded Jarrod speaking frankly about his desire to import cocaine from Mexico while G.L. tried to have Jarrod visit the warehouse that he rented in Vancouver. Jarrod was clearly unwilling to visit the warehouse despite G.L's best efforts out of fear of violating his bail conditions might send him to jail. Jarrod's backer seems to have abandoned the deal as Jarrod was recorded demanding starting in the summer that G.L. provide him with the cocaine on credit with a promise to pay him back later. At a meeting at the Scott household on August 2, 2009, Jarrod used an erasable marker board to write messages with G.L., but he sometimes spoke instead.

At another meeting at Scott's house on August 13, 2009, Jarrod spoke about the financing of the drug deal with G.L., who unknown to him recorded it on the wire he was wearing. At one point, Jarrod complained about having to pay upfront before the cocaine arrived, leading G.L. to speak about the financial details. Jarrod interrupted and told him: "We're not interested in how you do this because the more you tell me, the more I get worried that this is a set-up". In another conversation with G.L., Wayne Scott complained that his daughter Carly wanted all of the commission to go to herself, instead of him. On August 26, 2009, G.L phoned Scott to tell him that he had 72 kilograms of cocaine in his warehouse and charged that Jarrod was being cheap in demanding that G.L. give him $300, 000 dollars worth of cocaine with a promise to pay later. In response, Scott told G.L. that Jarrod would have the money. Jarrod was driven by his parents to Scott's house, but the drug deal did not go through. G.L. was angry when learned that Jarrod would pick up the cocaine at 10 pm, leading him to say to Scott on his cellphone: "You know what ten o'clock means to me? Pitch black and guns." Scott had to promised G.L. that Jarrod was not planning to rob him, despite his fears. Wayne Scott drove on past the warehouse when he saw cars that he felt might be police cars parked outside while Jarrod turned out not to have the money as he had promised. Jarrod later claimed he had no intention of paying for the cocaine, but rather he was planning to steal the cocaine. The deal seemed to collapsed after August 27, 2007, as G.L. had his last phone conversation with Wayne Scott that day as it appeared that Jarrod believed that G.L. might be an informer while it was apparent that Jarrod did not have the money that he promised to pay G.L.

On September 11, 2009, Jamie Bacon sued the Crown and warden Debbie Hawboldt of the Surrey Pretrial Services Centre, claiming that being held in solitary confinement was a form of torture. In the same lawsuit, Bacon also charged that cell 210 of the Surrey jail that he had lived in was full of "blood, feces and mucus" and his bed was a "vinyl-covered foam mat". Bacon charged that cell 227 was a considerable improvement as it had a shower, a television and a microwave, but he complained that "mentally ill" prisoners had damaged the latter two. In 2010, a court ruled in favour of Bacon and ordered the Crown to pay him damages. On November 26, 2009, Jarrod Bacon and Wayne Scott were arrested and charged with conspiracy to import cocaine based on what G.L. had recorded; Carly Scott was not charged. In a rare move, the Crown appealed the dismissal of the charges against Jonathan Bacon for the 2005 arrest, which Justice Donald Gardner had ruled was illegal because of the lack of a search warrant. The British Columbia Court of Appeal in an even rarer move upheld the Crown's appeal and restated the charges against Bacon, Cheng and Burton.

Murder of Jonathan Bacon
Jonathan Bacon together with Larry Amero of the Hells Angels and James Riach and Randy Naicker of the Independent Soldiers formed a group called the Wolfpack Alliance in 2010. The police had their first inkling of the existence of the group when Jonathan was frequently seen cruising Burrard Inlet with Amero on the latter's speed-boat named Steroids & Silicone. Langton wrote that the Castle Fun Park meeting of 2006 was "a recruiting meeting, with the Independent Soldiers (acting, as they always did, as the Hells Angels' proxy) luring the Bacon Brothers away from the increasingly independent and unreliable UN to the more docile and malleable Red Scorpions". The senior partner in the Wolfpack was Amero. The Hells Angels allowed their members to have "side operations" provided that the rest of the chapter is informed and allowed a cut of the profits. Other members of the Wolfpack Alliance were the Alkhalil family of Montreal and Ottawa; Johnny Raposo and Martino Caputo of Toronto; Shane Maloney of the Montreal's West End Gang; and Nick Nero, a drug smuggler from Niagara Falls. The journalists Peter Edwards and Luis Nájera wrote that the Wolfpack Alliance were "...a loosely allied and multi-ethnic group of mostly Millennial-aged gangsters who operated across the country".

A gangster who turned against gangster lifestyle was Gurmit Singh Dhak, the co-boss of the Dhak-Duhre gang. The Dhak-Duhre group was allied with the United Nations gang. After being shot and wounded in a restaurant, Dhak contacted the Odd Squad (youth engagement unit) of the RCMP about making an anti-gang video for high school students. In a video made in June 2010, Dhak stated the swaggering, macho aggression of the gangsters hid a deep insecurity as he stated that to live the life of a gangster was to live in fear, never knowing when someone would try to kill him and never knowing who to trust. Dhak stated: "...if I could turn back time, I would never do it again. Every day I've got to look over my shoulder; I've got to worry about my family, I've got to worry about, like, if I jump out of my car, am I going to get shot? Or, you know, I could be walking in the mall and walking out and getting shot. I don't know...Oh, I want to get out. But it's too late now to get out. I have too many enemies". On October 16, 2010, Dhak's prescience about his imminent demise was proved correct when he was murdered with his corpse being found in his BMW automobile in the parking lot of the Metrotown Mall in Burnaby. The cause of Dhak's death was being shot in the face. Suhhveer "Sukh" Dhak, the younger brother of Gurmit, believed that the Wolfpack gang and that Amero, Riach, and Jonathan Bacon in particular were the ones responsible for his brother's murder. Dhak vowed to avenge his brother's murder. The police believe that the Wolfpack group was indeed responsible for the murder of Gurmit Dhak, but have stated there was insufficient evidence to lay charges given that the killer of Dhak has never been arrested.

The younger Dhak had hired a team of four hitmen to hunt down the Wolfpack and stayed in touch with them via encrypted text messages on his cellphone. The hit-team placed GPS tracking devices on bottoms of automobiles belonging to the Wolfpack as a way to track then down. On August 13, 2011, Dhak received word via an encrypted text that GPS tracking showed that all the leaders of the Wolfpack were staying at the Delta Grand Hotel in Kelowna. In response, Dhak sent out a hit-team consisting of Jason McBride and Michael Jones from Vancouver, to be joined by Jujhar Khun-Khun and Manjinder "Manny" Hairan who travelled separately. Dhak wanted to see the Wolfpack wiped out, sending texts to the four hitmen, saying this was a chance to finally avenge his brother. McBride, who once had been given a gift of golden balls with Chinese characters worth $6,000 on them by Gurmit, was especially keen on avenging his friend. McBride  had attended Gurmit's funeral in October 2010 and had been pressing "Sukh" Dhak for revenge ever since the funeral.

On August 14, 2011, Jonathan was murdered via gunfire outside the Delta Grand Hotel in Kelowna, BC. At about 2:45 pm on August 14, 2011, a white Porsche Cayenne carrying six people was leaving the parking lot of the Delta Grand Hotel, when a group of four masked gunmen carrying AK-47 assault rifles opened fire. The gunmen fired at least 30 shots into the Cayenne, killing Jonathan Bacon, wounding Amero, and leaving a 21-year waitress, Leah Hadden-Watts, a quadriplegic as she took a bullet straight through her neck, severing her spinal cord. Lyndsey Black, another woman in the Cayenne took bullets through both her thighs. Jonathan Bacon took bullets to his left lung, stomach, spleen, left kidney, bowel and bladder causing him to be spasmatic as he fell out of the Cayenne, bleeding badly while having lost complete control of his bowels and bladder. Bacon died a few minutes later of massive blood loss despite the attempts to save his life via CPR. Larry Amero, a full-patch member of the Hells Angels, was also critically injured in the attack. Riarch was also in the Cayanne and fled from the scene, bleeding and in panic. Riarch ended up going to the Philippines, under the grounds that Canada was too dangerous for him. The attack proved to be a major setback for Wolf Pack with one of its members killed, another in a hospital and a third seen widely seen as a coward as the parking lot's security cameras showed Riarch fleeing from the Cayenne. After the attack, McBride sent an encrypted text to one of his associates, Amir "Moonbat" Eghtesad: "Hahaha ya bro there's gonna be crazy heat and I'm gonna chill at home till I get to dot [Toronto] on Fri".

On January 17, 2012, Sandip "Dippy" Duhre, the co-boss of the Dhak-Duhre group was shot dead while leaving a Vancouver hotel in a revenge attack for the Delta Grand Hotel incident. Naicker was shot dead outside of a Starbucks café in Port Moody on June 25, 2012. On November 19, 2012, Suhhveer "Sukh" Dhak and his bodyguard Thomas Mantel were murdered. Manjinder Hairan, one of the gunmen who killed Bacon was in turn was killed on January 14, 2013, in Surrey. Dean Michael Wiwchar was charged with killing Duhre with the Crown alleging he was a hitman for the Wolfpack. In 2018, Riach was convicted of drug trafficking in the Philippines and sentenced to life imprisonment.

Jason McBride, Jujhar Khun-Khun, and Michael Kerry Hunter Jones were charged with the shooting. On May 1, 2018, McBride in a plea bargain with the Crown pledged guilty to second-degree murder for the Delta Grand Hotel attack while Khun-Khun and Jones also made plea bargains, pledging guilty to conspiracy to commit murders. In their agreed statement of facts as part of their plea bargains, Khun-Khun, Jones and McBride stated that Suhhveer Dhak hired them to kill the Wolfpack as revenge for the murder of Gurmit Dhak. Superintendent Pat Fogarty of the Combined Forces Special Enforcement Unit stated that the oldest Bacon's death and the incarceration of the other two brothers will create such turmoil among the leadership of the gang that the popularity and influence of the Red Scorpions will decrease within the British Columbia gang world.

The Trial of Jarrod Bacon

In November 2010, David and Susan Bacon put their house at 35475 Strathcona Court on the real estate market with a listed price of $579,700 dollars. Randy Dyck, the realtor in charge of selling the property advertised the house as the "infamous Bacon house". Eileen Mohan stated about the real estate ad promoting the "infamous Bacon house" that: "It is almost like they are suggesting the Bacons are the celebrities of the day. I think it is very inappropriate." In December 2010, the Bacon family sold their house at 35475 Strathcona Court and moved to a new, unknown location.

During his trial in 2011-2012 on the charges to import cocaine, Jarrod spoke frequently to the media, saying it was outrageous that the police had charged his girlfriend's father, Wayne Scott, alongside him, saying: "I feel bad for Wayne. He is a victim in this". Jarrod came across as an angry young man in his interviews as he demanded that various newspapers be shut down for printing what he called "lies" about himself and his family. Journalist Kim Bolan, the crime correspondent of The Vancouver Sun newspaper, wrote about Jarrod's demand that newspapers lose their "licenses" that one does not need a "license" to operate a newspaper in Canada, which she used as evidence that Jarrod has a very poor understanding of how the media works.  Bolan also wrote that: "Bacon doesn’t seem to get that covering court cases is legal and legitimate and that things said in court are covered by privilege, which extends to allegations against others not charged." Bolan wrote that Jarrod came across as arrogant on the stand as he openly admitted that he never abided by his bail conditions because he "thought they were a joke." Bacon testified on 10 January 2012 that he never intended to abide by his bail conditions, saying: "“I was in the hole for 41 days and I wanted to get out, so I lied".

Jarrod admitted that he was a gangster, calling himself a "professional street fighter", but vehemently denied media reports that his parents were involved in his gangster activities. Jarrod testified at his trial that he was not going to buy the cocaine from G.L, but rather he was planning to steal it. The penalty for a conviction for conspiracy to commit theft is a lesser one compared to the penalty for a conviction for a conspiracy to traffic in narcotics. Jarrod's statements on the stand that neither Carly Scott nor Wayne Scott were aware of his robbery plans left both exposed to the claims of the prosecution that they were indeed attempting to broker a cocaine deal.

Jarrod was furious when a wire recording of Wayne Scott telling G.L. that the parents of the Bacon brothers were involved in their sons' activities was introduced as evidence. On October 18, 2011, a wire-tape of a conversation that G.L held with Wayne Scott on 27 August 2009 was played in court as evidence where Scott stated that both David and Susan Bacon were deeply involved in organized crime and were taking part in the meetings for the cocaine deal. The Crown Attorney who prosecuted Jarrod at his trial in 2011-2012, Peter LaPrairie, stated to him on January 11, 2012: "“I am going to suggest to you that both your father and your mother knew exactly what was going on because they were present the night before when you and Wayne sat at their dining room table and wrote out the instructions on the green board". As he usually did when it was suggested that his parents were involved in crime, Jarrod exploded in fury, shouting with much rage: "That is completely false. If they thought I was doing anything wrong they would have pulled my bail and sent me back to jail. They were shocked and in tears when I got arrested for this."

Bolan wrote that Jarrod's claims that he was not a drug dealer were doubtful in her opinion as she noted that Jarrod testified that he was planning to steal $3 million dollars worth of cocaine from G.L, but he claimed not to have any idea about what he was going to do with the cocaine once he had stolen it. Bolan wrote that in her view that Jarrod's testimony was damaging to himself as he openly admitted that he had lied to get what he desired; bragged incessantly about the number of people he had beaten up; frequently exploded in rage on the stand; and arrogantly refused to answer questions from the Crown Attorney, Peter LaPrairie, giving the impression of a man who felt that he was above the law. When LaPraire asked Bacon about a meeting he planned to have with someone named Gino, Bacon refused to say who Gino was, and instead took a sneering tone as he stated that "Gino is a common European name".

Jarrod Bacon testified that his drug addiction drove him to crime, saying that he was paranoid and desperate for money since he was a high school student owing to his heavy use of cocaine, OxyContin and steroids. Jarrod was found guilty on February 2, 2012, of several charges relating to cocaine trafficking. Wayne Scott who had no previous criminal convictions was also convicted in the same trial. On May 4, 2012, Jarrod was sentenced to 12 years in prison for conspiracy to traffic cocaine with Justice Austion Cullen ruling that the fact that Jarrod had never held a job, his long criminal history and "the circumstances of his life and experience to this point do not permit much optimism for his rehabilitation or inclination towards a law-abiding life". The sentence was then reduced to seven years and two months after time served was taken into consideration.

In September 2009, the Integrated Gang Task Force reported that eight associates were murdered since the public warning by the police that those associated with Jon, Jarrod, and Jamie avoid the trio or be potentially killed by rival criminals.

The Trial of Jamie Bacon

On April 3, 2009, Jamie was arrested by the RCMP Emergency response team for his involvement in the October 19, 2007, shootings of the 'Surrey Six' which included two innocent victims: Chris Mohan and Ed Schellenberg at the Balmoral Tower Highrise building in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. This development occurred after an associate of the Bacon brothers, Dennis Karbovanec, pleaded guilty to his role in the shootings.

While awaiting trial, Jamie and his co-accused were being held in isolation. B.C. Corrections Service said this measure was for their own protection because other rivals are also in custody awaiting several trials. In what legal observers said was an unusual request, Jamie appealed to the Supreme Court of British Columbia to end his solitary confinement as a violation of his rights under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Court found that Jamie was subjected to cruel and unusual treatment while in custody, contrary to section 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and that he was subjected to such treatment for the purpose of furthering the police investigation. His conditions of confinement were also found to constitute a deprivation of liberty and security of person that was not in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice, contrary to section 7 of the Charter. During the course of the hearing, the court learned that Jamie's privileged telephone calls with his counsel were unlawfully recorded. This matter remains before the Court. Jamie was released into the general prison population and the restrictions on his visits and telephone communications were removed.

In May 2010, Jamie was convicted of all 11 charges related to the April 2007 discovery of a gun cache but Jarrod was acquitted.

The trial for Jamie Bacon in connection with the Surrey Six case was delayed when it was revealed that Staff Sergeant Derek Brassington of the Surrey RCMP, who led the investigation into the Surrey Six case, had an affair with a key witness for the Crown, a model and a former girlfriend of Jamie Bacon. The woman is only known as "Jane Doe 1" due to a court order. "Jane Doe 1" was willing to testify that Jamie Bacon, who was her boyfriend at the time of the Surrey Six massacre, was involved in the massacre, which caused her to receive death threats. The affair became public when "Jane Doe 1" became pregnant with Brassington's child, and became angry that Brassington refused to leave his wife for her. The lawyers for Bacon sought to have the case dismissed, alleging perjury by the woman in question. Brassington was charged with obstruction of justice for his initial attempts to deny the affair to internal affairs detectives as were his superior, Inspector David Attew together with Constable Paul Johnson and Constable Danny Michaud, all of whom knew of the affair. The lawyers for Brassington claimed that his "inappropriate relationship" with a key witness was due to job stress, but that he did not counsel her to commit perjury against Bacon as the defense lawyers were claiming. However, the judges excluded the "Jane Doe 1" as a witness from the trial against Jamie, ruling that her relationship with Brassington meant there was a possibility of perjury, but refused to dismiss the charges as there was other evidence against Jamie besides for the statements of "Jane Doe 1".

Justice Kathleen Ker who was overseeing the case ordered a stay in 2017 because of the police misconduct "contravened fundamental notions of justice and undermined the integrity of the justice system to the degree [the judge] could not permit the case to be tried." On December 1, 2017, Ker ordered a stay on the proceedings against Bacon because the way that Brassington and the other detectives handed the case. Ker stated she had serous concerns about "...the manner in which the police handled aspects of privileged and confidential information". The Crown appealed, and the appeals court ruled that the case could continue.

In 2019, Brassington, Attew, and Michaud were all found guilty of various charges of misconduct for their handling of the Surrey Six case. On January 19, 2019, the disgraced Brassington made a plea bargain with the Crown, where he made guilty pleas to charges of breach of trust and compromising the integrity and safety of a witness in exchange for a lesser sentence. At his sentencing, Brassington cried hysterically in the courtroom as he admitted that his affair with "Jane Doe 1" had ruined his career, led to his marriage ending in divorce and the estrangement of his children, saying: "As a dad I shouldn't have done this. As a father I shouldn't have done this. As a cop I shouldn't have done this". Brassington stated about "Jane Doe" that: "I treated her like a girlfriend. I didn't mean to fall in love with her". The journalist Rhianna Schunk who attended the sentencing described Brassington as a broken man who between his sobs seemed to have much self-pity for himself as he sought to portray himself as a victim, claiming that the affair was caused by work-related stress. Brassington maintained amid his sobs and tears that his job stress was such that he had no choice but to engage in an affair with an attractive vicenarian model despite his best intentions. The Crown dropped the charges against Johnson on 5 March 2019 because he was dying from Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

With "Jane Doe 1" excluded as a witness, the Crown's case against Jamie Bacon was weak. On July 8, 2020, the Crown made a plea bargain where the first-degree murder charges against Bacon were dropped in exchange for him pleading guilty to counselling murder. Eileen Mohan called the plea bargain "a sweetheart deal" for Bacon who received a relatively light sentence for ordering the Surrey Six massacre. At Bacon's sentencing hearing on September 10, 2020, Justice Kathleen Ker sentenced Bacon to 18 years. Mohan's appeals to Ker to overturn the joint submission by the Crown and the defense counsel and impose a life sentence on Bacon were ignored. Ker stated that the "egregious misconduct" of the Mounties investigating the case with Brassington sleeping with a key witness meant she could not impose a life sentence on Bacon. Ker stated that because of the "egregious misconduct" of Brassington and the rest of the detectives that 18 years in prison with credit for time served in jail was the most severe sentence she could impose on Bacon. Mohan was profoundly disappointed with Bacon's sentence, which she felt was far too lenient, saying: "Mr. Bacon gets to return home to his mother's arms. Today we celebrated his life...his rights...instead of celebrating Christopher. I don't know what tomorrow brings...but today is really, really difficult to accept. I want to respect the process, but I think the process is not respecting us in return."

Current status
Jamie Bacon, pleaded guilty to conspiracy for Surrey Six murders in September 2020; serving five years and seven months after factoring nearly 12 years in pre-trial detention.
Jarrod Bacon, parole revoked, returned to prison in September 2017; paroled in August 2020.
Jonathan Bacon, the oldest of the trio, murdered in Kelowna in 2011.

In 2005, an attempted murder charge against Jarrod was stayed after the victim refused to testify at trial. In 2005, the police seized more than 700 marijuana plants and various pieces of pot-growing equipment and charged Jarrod and a friend with possession for the purpose of trafficking.

Jamie pleaded guilty to robbery in 2007 in connection with a 2005 home invasion where a man was confined in his Abbotsford home and robbed of marijuana plants and growing-operation equipment. He was sentenced to time served. Jarrod Bacon has frequently violated his parole conditions by being involved in a bar fight in 2017 and for substance abuse as he failed a cocaine test in 2018. On December 15, 2020, Bacon's parole officer visited him and Bacon stated that he could not answer the door because he was naked. However, a policeman went into the backyard and looked through the window. Véronique Buisson of the National Parole Board wrote in her judgement on March 17, 2021, that the policeman “saw you through a window of the back of the apartment. He reported that you were fully dressed, that you were going quickly between two rooms and that you retrieved a cellphone from under couch cushions...[the policeman] saw you sliding your finger across the screen of the phone numerous times and clicking after each swipe, suggesting that you were deleting information. You then passed the phone to your partner who hid it in her bosom." Buisson noted that she found his behavior highly suspicious and believed that he may very well had returned to selling drugs, but she decided not to revoke his parole. Buisson wrote "File information reveals that you are identified as a member of the Red Scorpions and the Bacon Brothers organization, which is very influential in Western Canada, and has links with a notorious criminal organization", an apparent reference to the Hells Angels, which are often described by the parole board as "a notorious criminal organization".

On April 23, 2022, an audio-tape from Jamie Bacon was released to the media. On the tape, Bacon condemned the Wolfpack Alliance together with the Indo-Canadian Brothers' Keepers gang in racist and homophobic language. Bacon attacked the Hells Angels, saying: "These guys are all goofs. They all play all sides of the game. Almost every biker is working with the police. OK. I’ve seen it bro...They think that they’re gods, and they are little goofs that need to be locked up in the (Secure Housing Unit) and die with their teeth and hair falling out." Langton wrote "Although it may sound childish and comical, the word 'goof' is considered perhaps the worst insult" in the Canadian underworld, further noting that: "At least two murders in Kingston [prison] alone since the '80s were reported to be the result of someone calling someone else the G-word". Bacon did not express remorse for his crimes, but declared his willingness to testify for the Crown as a way to be released from prison early.

Publications

External links
The Jamie Bacon tape

References

1970s births
2007 in British Columbia
2007 murders in Canada
2011 deaths
2011 in British Columbia
2011 murders in Canada
21st-century Canadian criminals
Canadian drug traffickers
Canadian families
Canadian gangsters
Canadian male criminals
Canadian mass murderers
Canadian murder victims
Canadian murderers
Canadian people convicted of assault
Canadian people convicted of drug offences
Canadian people convicted of kidnapping
Canadian people convicted of murder
Canadian prisoners and detainees
Canadian rapists
Crime families
Criminals from British Columbia
Deaths by firearm in British Columbia
Gangs in Vancouver
History of British Columbia
Male murder victims
Male murderers
Mass murder in 2007
Murder in British Columbia
Murder in Canada
Murdered Canadian gangsters
People convicted of attempted murder
People convicted of burglary
People convicted of murder by Canada
People convicted of robbery
People convicted of theft
People from Abbotsford, British Columbia
People murdered in British Columbia
Prisoners and detainees of Canada


The IX Fighter Command was a United States Army Air Forces formation.  Its last assignment was with the Ninth Air Force, based at Erlangen, Germany, where it was inactivated on 16 November 1945.

IX Fighter Command was the primary tactical fighter air arm of Ninth Air Force in the Western Desert Campaign in North Africa during 1942–1943.  Transferred to England, it became the dominant tactical air force over the skies of Western Europe during the 1944 Battle of Normandy and the Western Allied invasion of Germany in 1945.

After its inactivation, the majority of its (along with Twelfth Air Force) units were incorporated into the postwar United States Air Force Tactical Air Command.

History

North Africa
In Egypt during January 1943, IX Fighter Command became the control organization for Ninth Air Force fighter units assigned to the Western Desert Campaign (Libya and Tunisia).

Although wings were officially subordinate to the command, combat groups were attached to the Desert Air Force, which included squadrons of the Royal Air Force, Royal Australian Air Force and South African Air Force.

IX Fighter Command moved to England in November 1943 as part of Normandy invasion planning. Its subordinate units were reassigned to the Twelfth Air Force.

Western Europe

During the winter of 1943/44 IX Fighter Command expanded at an extraordinary rate so that by the end of May 1944, its complement ran to 45 flying groups operating some 5,000 aircraft.  Initial missions from England consisted of fighter sweeps over troop concentrations and attacks on enemy positions and airfields, primarily on German 15th Army units in the Pas-de-Calais region of France as well as around Normandy and Cotentin Peninsula.  On D-Day IX Fighter Command units carried out massive air attacks on German forces in Normandy area with North American P-51 Mustang and Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighter bombers.   Air cover during the morning amphibious assault by Allied forces on the beaches of France was flown by Lockheed P-38 Lightnings.

With the beaches secure, groups began deploying to France on 16 June 1944, ten days after the Normandy invasion by moving P-47 Thunderbolts to a beach-head landing strip.   During the Battle of Normandy, its tactical air units then provided the air power for the Allied break-out from the Normandy beachhead in the summer of 1944 during the Battle of Cherbourg, Battle for Caen, and the ultimate breakout from the beachhead, Operation Cobra.

By early August most IX Fighter Command groups moved to bases in France and were assigned to missions supporting the Twelfth United States Army Group.  The command then reorganized, with units transferred to three tactical air commands and which directly supported United States Army ground units, along with an air defense command to defend Allied-controlled areas.

 XXIX Tactical Air Command supported the Ninth United States Army in the north
 IX Tactical Air Command supported the United States First Army in the center
 XIX Tactical Air Command supported the United States Third Army in the south
 IX Air Defense Command provided air defense of Allied-controlled Western Europe

After its units were reassigned, it remained active until after VE-Day when performed occupation duty in Germany. It was inactivated in November 1945.

In 1947, when the United States Air Force (USAF) became independent, the Army transferred all Army Air Forces, Air Service and Air Corps units (there were a number of Air Corps units that had never been in the Army Air Forces, and a few Air Service units) to the USAF. A year later, the newly forming USAF permanently disbanded the command.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 9th Interceptor Command on 19 January 1942
 Activated on 1 February 1942
 Redesignated 9th Fighter Command on 15 May 1942
 Redesignated IX Fighter Command c. 18 September 1942
 Inactivated on 16 November 1945
 Disbanded on 8 October 1948

Assignments
 Third Air Force, 1 February 1942
 Ninth Air Force, 23 December 1942 – 16 November 1945

Components

North Africa
 Wings
 8th Fighter Wing: assigned 24 July – 22 December 1942 (attached to 3d Fighter Command (later III Fighter Command)) 26 July – c. 28 October 1942; attached 22 December 1942 – c. April 1943
 9th Fighter Wing: December 1942 – 31 March 1943

 Groups
 57th Fighter Group, c. 16 July 1942 – July 1942; 12 November 1942 – 30 August 1943, (attached to Western Desert Air Force, 21 February 1943; Desert Air Force, c. April 1943; 7 South African Air Force (No. 7 (South African) Wing?), 21 May 1943; XII Air Support Command 22 August 1943)
 79th Fighter Group: 24 February – 22 August 1943 (attached to No. 7 (South African) Wing – c. 2 June 1943; XII Air Support Command – c. 14 June 1943; No. 7 (South African) Wing – c. 21 August 1943)
 324th Fighter Group, 23 December 1942 – 1 August 1943, (attached to Western Desert Air Force, 23 December 1942; Desert Air Force, c. April–1 August 1943)

Western Europe
 Wings
 70th Fighter Wing: 29 November 1943 – 3 October 1944
 71st Fighter Wing: 4 December 1943 – 1 July 1944
 84th Fighter Wing: 30 April 1944 – 12 August 1944
 100th Fighter Wing: 27 November – 12 December 1943; 4 January − 1 February 1944; 1 March − 15 April 1944 (remained under operational control until 31 July 1944)
 303d Fighter Wing: 8 March–1 November 1944

 Groups

 67th Tactical Reconnaissance Group: November 1943 – February 1944
 354th Fighter Group: c. 3 November 1943 – 27 November 1943
 358th Fighter Group: 20 October 1943 – 1 August 1944 (attached to VIII Fighter Command)
 363d Fighter Group (later 363d Reconnaissance Group), 30 December 1943 – February 1944; 1 December 1944 – 18 May 1945 (Attached to XXIX Tactical Air Command (Provisional))
 366th Fighter Group: 28 January – 28 June 1945 (attached to XXIX Tactical Air Command (Provisional) until 21 June 1945)
 368th Fighter Group: 13 January–1 August 1944
 370th Fighter Group: 12 February–1 August 1944
 371st Fighter Group: 4 April–1 August 1944
 404th Fighter Group: 4 April–1 August 1944
 405th Fighter-Bomber Group (later 405th Fighter Group): 6 March – March 1944; 8 February − February 1945 (attached to XXIX Tactical Air Command (Provisional))
 406th Fighter Group: 4 April–1 August 1944
 474th Fighter Group: 12 March–1 August 1944

 Squadrons
 4th Air Support Control Squadron: 19 November – 12 December 1943
 6th Air Support Communications Squadron (later 6th Tactical Air Communications Squadron): 30 December 1943 – 31 January 1944; 1 December 1944 – 1 July 1945 (attached to XXIX Tactical Air Command [Provisional])
 11th Air Support Control Squadron: 11 December 1943 – c. 1 February 1944
 15th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron; 30 December 1943 – 4 January 1944
 125th Liaison Squadron; 1 December 1944 – 20 June 1945 (attached to XIX Tactical Air Command (Provisional), further attached to Twelfth Army Group)
 153d Liaison Squadron; 12 December 1943 – 14 March 1944 (attached to First Army after 4 February 1944)

Stations

 New Orleans Army Air Base, Louisiana, 1 February 1942
 Drew Field, Florida, July–October 1942
 RAF Kabrit, Egypt, 31 January 1943
 Mellaha Field, Libya, 10 April–22 September 1943
 RAF Middle Wallop (AAF 449), England, 30 November 1943 – July 1944
 Les Oubeaux, France, c. 2 July 1944
 Canisy, France, c. 12 August 1944

 Charleroi Airfield (A-87), Belgium, September 1944
 Verviers, Belgium, c. 2 October 1944
 Bruhl, Germany, c. 23 March 1945
 Weimar Airfield (R-7), Germany, April 1945
 AAF Station Fritzlar (Y-86), Germany, July 1945
 AAF Station Erlangen, Germany (R-96), September–16 November 1945

References

Notes
 Explanatory notes

 Citations

Bibliography

09
Military units and formations established in 1942
Military units and formations disestablished in 1948


Mirosławiec Górny  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 1,408.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Nieradź  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The settlement has a population of 9.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Piecnik  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  east of Mirosławiec.

Until 1948, the area was part of Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Piecnik


Pilów  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The settlement has a population of 13.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Próchnowo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  east of Mirosławiec,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 210.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Saab Training and Simulation is a company with its headquarters in Huskvarna, Sweden.

It is a subsidiary of Saab AB that produces military and security training systems. For the army market they provide target equipment for military training, mobile data communication systems, laser simulator systems and combat training systems. For the air force market they provide support.

Saab Training Systems has about 400 employees and subsidiaries in Czech Republic (about 120 employees), USA, UK, Germany, Norway, Finland, the Netherlands and Canada. The company exports to nearly 20 countries and the export is almost 95% of its profitability.

Saab Training and Simulation used to be known as Saab Training Systems AB.

Training
Precision gunnery and skills training
Tactical training
Live fire training
Urban operations training

Tactical training is the most complex of the categories because the entire session is recorded on a computer. When a soldier participates in a training session, he/she wears a vest with small loudspeakers, a radio antenna and built in GPS. The helmet has laser detectors and reflectors. Via a radio network the GPS is able to send location information to the tablet and the commander. The commander then can supervise the movements of the troops. The commander can also give commands to soldiers via a Saab-developed Radio Communications system called DAN (data acquisition network.)

Simulation and training
.50 Cal Trainer, Advanced
After Action Review Pro
AT4 Trainer
Armor Target Systems
BT 46 Laser Simulator
BT 46 Mk II
Carl-Gustaf Trainer
CLS (Contractor Logistical Support)
COS (Contractor Operational Support)
DITS - Deployable Instrumented Training System
ExPERT
ExTerm
GAMER Manpack
Helicopter Firing System
Infantry Soldiers Accessories
JAVWES – a full-spectrum fire-and-forget trainer
Logistic & Support Services
MILES Interface
Observer/Controller PDA Software
PDD - Personnel Detection Device
Precision Gunnery Training System
Range Control Systems
Small Arms Transmitter – SAT
Tactical Urban Training
Universal Target System
Virtual simulators (E-COM)

Notes and references

External links
 Saabgroup
 E-COM

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Sadowo  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The settlement has a population of 13.

References

Sadowo


Setnica  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The settlement has a population of 5.

References

Setnica


A list of films produced by the Tollywood (Bengali language film industry) based in Kolkata in the year 1988.

A-Z of films

References

External links
 Tollywood films of 1988 at the Internet Movie Database

1988
Lists of 1988 films by country or language
Films, Bengali


Toporzyk  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  east of Mirosławiec,  north-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Bytyń  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 10.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Jamienko  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 150.

Before 1945 the village was German-settled and part of the German state of Prussia.

References

Jamienko


William George Eardley (1871–?) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Burslem Port Vale and Stoke. A pacey, quality player he was also prone to sulking.

Career
Eardley joined Burslem Port Vale in May 1894. In the 1894–95 season he only played nine games, but did score three goals. Two of his goals came against Newcastle United at St James' Park in a 2–1 win on 12 April. His other goal came eight days later, in an end-of-season 4–0 win over Crewe Alexandra at the Athletic Ground. He switched to Newcastle Swifts in the summer of 1895, but returned to Vale in September of that year. He still failed to become a first team regular, and claimed four goals in ten games in the 1895–96 season. The goals came in two braces against Darwen on 5 and 19 October.

In August 1896, he moved on to Stoke. At Stoke, Eardley played ten matches under Horace Austerberry during the 1896–97 season, scoring once in a 2–1 victory against Preston North End at the Victoria Ground on 9 November 1896, and was released in January 1897.

Career statistics
Source:

References

1871 births
Year of death missing
Footballers from Stoke-on-Trent
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Port Vale F.C. players
Stoke City F.C. players
English Football League players


Jeziorki  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 280.

In the village there is a historic wooden church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross and a railway station.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Krępa Krajeńska  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 90.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

There is a train station in the village.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Lubiesz  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 230.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Lubowo  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1945 the village was German-settled and part of the German state of Prussia.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Mączno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 70.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Marcinkowice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 650.

In the village there is a historic late Gothic church of St. Catherine and an elementary school.

Between 1871 and 1945 the area was part of Germany.

References

Marcinkowice


Martew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Tuczno,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 100.

In the village there is a historic half-timbered church of Our Lady of the Rosary, dating back to the 17th century.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Martew


In India, this is the network of roads maintained by the state governments. These roads are constructed and managed by the states' Public Works Department. The state highways are usually roads that link important cities, towns and district headquarters within the state and connect them with National Highways or state highways of neighbouring states.

As of 31 March 2016, the total length of state highways was 176,166 km. As of 31 March 2016, Maharashtra had the largest share in the total length of SH roads (22.14%), followed by Karnataka (11.11%), Gujarat (9.76%), Rajasthan (8.62%) and Tamil Nadu (6.67%).

History
Independent of the NHDP program, state governments have been implementing a number of state highway projects since 2000. By 2010, state highway projects worth $1.7 billion had been completed, and an additional $11.4 billion worth of projects were under implementation.

Bharatmala, a centrally-sponsored and funded road and highways project of the Government of India with a target of constructing  of new highways, has been started in 2018. Phase I of the Bharatmala project involves the construction of 34,800 km of highways (including the remaining projects under NHDP) at an estimated cost of  by 2021–22.

See also
 Roads in India

References

External links

2010 list of state highways under implementation - Published by the Government of India

Roads in India


Miłogoszcz  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Tuczno,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


The Jardin botanique et verger de La Bussière is a botanical garden located in La Bussière, Vienne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The garden contains 300 types of medicinal and edible plants including roses and fruit trees. An admission fee is charged.

See also
 Château de La Bussière in La Bussière, Loiret, which also contains a garden
 List of botanical gardens in France

References
 La Faverie description
 Tourisme Vienne description (French)
 Gralon entry (French)

Gardens in Vienne
Botanical gardens in France


Nowa Studnica  (German: Neu Stüdnitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 30.

Before 1945 the village was German-settled and part of the German state of Prussia.

References

Nowa Studnica


Płociczno  (German: Spechtsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 330.

Before 1945 the village was German-settled and part of the German state of Prussia.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Ponikiew  (German: Neues Vorwerk) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 70.

Before 1945 the village was German-settled and part of the German state of Prussia.

References

Ponikiew


Próchnówko  (German: Neu-Prochnow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 20.

Before 1945 the village was German-settled and part of the German state of Prussia.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Inter User Communication Vehicle (IUCV) is a data transfer mechanism in IBM VM line of operating systems. It was introduced with VM/SP Release 1 in 1980.

It allows establishment of point to point communication channels, either between two virtual machines or between a virtual machine and hypervisor services.  In effect, IUCV provides a form of message-based interaction between virtual machines that anticipated the client/server interaction between network connected physical machines that emerged later on distributed systems.

IUCV is implemented by CP (the VM hypervisor) and controls all aspects of session establishments, message passing and flow control.

IUCV basics

Initializing IUCV
Before a virtual machine can use the IUCV service, it must first indicate the address of an area within its address space where CP will be able to store information regarding pending information or status. Therefore, the DECLARE BUFFER method must be invoked first.

The IUCV Path
In IUCV terminology, the session between two end points is called a PATH. It is identified at each end by a Path ID which is only relevant to the virtual machine that owns the session end. A path is always a connected channel - meaning there are no connectionless paths.

Establishing a path
To establish a path, the initiating virtual machine must invoke the CONNECT method, and specify the path target identity, which is either another virtual machine name or the name of a CP system service - which all start with the '*' character - which is not a valid character within a virtual machine name.

Provided the target has initialized IUCV itself, the target will be notified of the pending incoming path connection and may then either use the ACCEPT method - to complete path establishment - or the SEVER method - which effectively closes the pending path.

Once the path is established, messages may be passed between the two path endpoints.

IUCV Messages
IUCV Messages are bounded, that is, they have a beginning and an end. If more than one message is pending on a path for an endpoint, IUCV will not merge the messages.

Messages are sent on the path using the SEND method. The other end point can then receive the message using the RECEIVE method. If the original message also requested a reply, the receiving end point then use the REPLY method to send that reply.

Flow control
Multiple messages may be made pending on a path. The number of messages allowed pending for a path is specified during path establishment but cannot exceed 65535. Attempting to send a message on a path which has reached its pending message limit will result in an error.

Suspend and resume
Data transfer may be temporarily suspended by using the QUIESCE method. While the path is suspended, no further message transfers are allowed on the path until the RESUME method is invoked by the virtual machine that initially suspended the path.

Polling
A virtual machine may poll for IUCV notifications using the TEST MESSAGE and TEST COMPLETION methods. If nothing is pending, then the virtual machine waits until further information is available.

Explicit path termination
When either end point issues the SEVER method, the path enters a severed (closing) state and the other end point is notified. At this point, no new messages are allowed on the path - but the other end point may still retrieve pending messages. When the other end point also issues the SEVER method, the path is effectively dismantled.

Implicit path termination
A path may be implicitly closed when

 A virtual machine logs off
 A virtual machine is reset
 A virtual machine terminates IUCV operations using the RETRIEVE BUFFER method

In either of those cases, for the other end of the path, the behavior is identical to an explicit path termination.

Using IUCV

The B2F0 instruction

IUCV methods are invoked by using the 'B2F0'x instruction. This instruction must be invoked while in virtual supervisor state (for example a guest supervisor) or an Operation Exception program interrupt is generated. The instruction is then interpreted by CP as an IUCV request.

IPARML
IPARML is the Iucv PARaMeter List. It is a control block that describes the method being invoked as well as the method parameters. Upon completion of the B2F0 instruction, some fields are altered by CP to indicate the status of the B2F0 instruction completion.

Notifications
CP notifies a virtual machine of a pending message or status information by making an external interrupt code X'4000' pending to the virtual machine. When the interrupt occurs, the information regarding the pending status is made available at the address location specified by the DECLARE BUFFER method.

Macros

CP Macros
CP has a specific macro (IUCV) which generates the appropriate code - including the instruction and filling in the IPARML - so that the details regarding the parameters about such and such method can be defaulted or checked for conflict.

CMS Macros
CMS can be made to handle IUCV application requests. CMS has its own set of IUCV macros (CMSIUCV) which allow multiple applications to share the IUCV facility within a virtual machine.

Authorization
Access to some IUCV functions is controlled by statements in the CP Directory (the list of virtual machines and their specifications).

A virtual machine can be permitted to accept communications from all other virtual machines via the IUCV ALLOW directory statement, or establish a communication path with any other virtual machine via the IUCV ANY statement. It is also possible to allow a virtual machine to issue path connection requests to other specific virtual machines by specifying the virtual machine name in an IUCV statement, for example: IUCV TARGETVM. By default, a user is always allowed to connect to itself.

The IUCV statement controls CP-imposed access control for IUCV connections. In addition, a virtual machine can impose its own access control by rejecting an attempt to connect.

Examples of IUCV use

CP System services
The CP system services are IUCV end points which are not virtual machines by themselves, but allow a virtual machine to perform hypervisor functions asynchronously or to access specific hypervisor facilities.

Some examples are

 *MSG : The Message System Service. Allows a virtual machine to receive through IUCV specific virtual machine console outputs such as the results of the 'CP MESSAGE' or Console I/O. This is used by VM subsystems such as PROP (The PRogrammable OPerator) or Fullscreen CMS.
 *SPL : Allows accessing spool files asynchronously. RSCS (The Remote Spool Communication Subsystem) is an example of an application that uses this system service.

GCS
GCS (The Group Control System) of VM uses IUCV to perform maintenance of shared memory areas between virtual machines. By using implicit path termination, the GCS recovery virtual machine can ensure that any locks held on the shared area by a virtual machine that entered the group but left unexpectedly is properly released.

VM TCP/IP
VM TCP/IP - the TCP/IP stack for VM - uses IUCV to either allow a virtual machine to perform socket operations or to allow a virtual machine to act as a network interface to pass whole frames or datagrams between itself and the TCP/IP stack. The S/390 and z/Architecture implementation of Linux uses this facility to implement a network interface to the VM TCP/IP stack.

See also
VMCF – The Virtual Machine Communication Facility
Channel-to-channel adapter

References

External links
IUCV in z/VM 5.3 CP Programming Services manual chapter 2.1.3

IBM mainframe operating systems
Virtualization software
VM (operating system)


Rusinowo  (formerly ) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

The village has a population of 240.

References

Rusinowo


Rzeczyca  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 230.

There is a historic church of Saint Bartholomew in the village.

Between 1871 and 1945 the area was part of Germany.

References

Rzeczyca


Strzaliny  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

In the village there is a historic wooden church of the Visitation, dating back to the 17th century.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Strzaliny


Tuczno Drugie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Tuczno,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 30.

Between 1871 and 1945 the area was part of Germany.

References

Tuczno Drugie


Tuczno Pierwsze  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The settlement has a population of 20.

Before 1945 the village was German-settled and part of the German state of Prussia.

References

Tuczno Pierwsze


Tuczno Trzecie  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The settlement has a population of 20.

Before 1945 the village was German-settled and part of the German state of Prussia.

References

Tuczno Trzecie


SWNS Media Group (also known as South West News Service) is a British news agency and media company with six subdivisions, including SWNS, 72point, InsideMedia, OATH, OnePoll and Talk to the Press.

The company operates from offices in Bristol, Plymouth, Leeds, Solihull, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Cambridge and London. As of 2015, SWNS employed around 100 reporters and photographers.

History
It was founded as the Bristol Agency in the early 1970s. It is now run by partners Andrew Young, Paul Walters and Martin Winter.

In 2010 SWNS launched the website SWNS.com (Small World News Service) as a first hand source of current affairs and general interest news.

In 2016 SWNS acquired the regional agencies Masons News Service, Newsteam International, Ross Parry, National News, Centre Press and Northscot.

Organisation
SWNS has two public relations divisions: 72Point and Inside Media, market research company OnePoll, also OATH and Talk to The Press.

SWNS has a relationship with the alternative news website venture The London Economic, though it is understood not to leverage any editorial control.

Criticism
In 2023, SWNS Media Group's 72Point faced criticism over the transparency and ethics of its content generation practices following the discovery of articles attributed to 72Point's staff members on news websites.

References

External links

Mass media companies of the United Kingdom
News agencies based in the United Kingdom
Companies based in Bristol
Mass media companies established in 1978


Wrzosy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 170.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Wrzosy


Zdbowo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

In the village there is a historic half-timbered church of St. Joseph.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Zdbowo


Złotowo  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Tuczno,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The settlement has a population of 30.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Adolfo Suárez Illana (born 5 May 1964) is a Spanish politician, lawyer, author and aficionado-practitioner of bullfighting.

Biography
He is the eldest son of the late Adolfo Suárez González, Prime Minister from 1976 and 1981 and central figure of the Spanish Transition.

He studied at the University CEU San Pablo in Madrid and then Harvard in the United States.

In 1990 he published his first collection of poetry titled Sueños. He worked at the Banco Popular from 1990 to 1993.

In 1998 he founded the Madrid law firm "Suárez & Illana S.L." and on 18 July 1998 he married Isabel Flores Santos-Suárez, daughter of the famous breeder of Spanish fighting bulls, Samuel Flores López-Flores and his wife Isabel Santos-Suárez Barroso. The couple have two sons, Adolfo and Pablo.

In 2002 he was chosen by José María Aznar as the People's Party (PP) candidate for the post of Premier of the Autonomous Community of Castile-La Mancha, but lost against the incumbent José Bono, of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

Shortly after his father's death in 2014, it was reported that in 2009 Adolfo Suárez Illana had unsuccessfully asked King Juan Carlos I to make him heir to the title of Duke of Suárez, which, by the law of succession to noble titles as amended in 2006, was then due to be inherited by his niece Alejandra Suárez Romero, daughter of Mariam Suárez Illana, the eldest child of Adolfo Suárez González. Although he claimed he had little or no interest in the title himself, he had depositions from five witnesses stating that this was his father's repeatedly stated wish until Alzheimer's disease made him unable to express his wishes.

Positions
Suárez espouses anti-abortion views. Suárez Illana did not submit to the vote discipline of the PP's parliamentary group in the scope of historical memory (abstention), aligning instead with Vox (against) in the voting of the non-legislative proposal for the removal of decorations of Francoist torturer Billy el Niño (June 2020) and again against the removal of honours of dictator Francisco Franco (September 2020).

References

1964 births
Living people
Harvard University alumni
Lawyers from Madrid
20th-century Spanish lawyers
Spanish male writers
Spanish bullfighters
People's Party (Spain) politicians
Members of the 13th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Members of the 14th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Children of prime ministers


Alla () is a Russian and Ukrainian female given name.

The Eastern Orthodox Church usually relates the name with , the widow of a Gothic chieftain, martyred in King Athanaric's times. Since the name is also spread among Tatars, there is some speculation that the name has its origin in the pre-Islamic goddess Allat. The name Alla is also widespread in Iceland.

People
Alla Ablaberdyeva (born 1953), Russian singer
Alla Aleksandrovska (born 1948), Ukrainian politician
Alla Alekseyeva (born 1934), Russian rower
Alla Bayanova (1914–2011), Russian singer
Alla Beknazarova (born 1984), Ukrainian ice dancer
Alla Cherkasova (born 1989), Ukrainian wrestler
Alla Demidova (born 1936), Russian actress
Alla Dzhioyeva (born 1949), South Ossetian politician
Alla Gerber (born 1932), Russian journalist
Alla Gryaznova (born 1937), Russian economist
Alla Hasanova (born 1970), Azerbaijani volleyball player
Alla Ilchun (1926–1989), Kazakhstani model
Alla Kazanskaya (1920–2008), Russian actress
Alla Korot (born 1970), Ukrainian-American actress
Alla Kravets (born 1973), Ukrainian volleyball player
Alla Kudryavtseva (born 1987), Russian tennis player
Alla Nazimova (1879–1945), Russian actress
Alla Osipenko (born 1932), Russian ballet dancer
Alla Pugacheva (born 1949), Russian singer
Alla Shekhovtsova (born 1964), Russian figure skating judge
Alla Sidorovskaya (born 1983), Russian footballer
Alla Sizova (1939–2014), Russian ballet dancer
Alla Sosnitskaya (born 1997), Russian gymnast
Alla O. Starostina, Ukrainian economist
Alla Tsuper (born 1979), Belarusian skier
Alla Vazhenina (born 1983), Kazakh weightlifter
Alla Yaroshinskaya (born 1953), Ukrainian politician
Alla Zahaikevych (born 1966), Ukrainian composer

References

Russian feminine given names
Feminine given names
Slavic feminine given names