"Does That Blue Moon Ever Shine on You", or simply "Blue Moon", is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released on February 27, 1996 as the lead single from his 1996 album Blue Moon. The song peaked at number 2 on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and reached number 9 in Canada. Keith wrote the song in 1987, and first released it that year on an independent label. It is the first lead single by Keith that does not feature as the opening track.

Critical reception
Deborah Evans Price, of Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably, calling it "a perfect example of a Keith-penned weeper that is also a sensuous and languid ballad." She goes on to say that the ballad is a "perfect showcase for Keith's vocals, which have never sounded better." The song works well according to Price because of the "poignancy of the lyric and the way the production shows the strength of his voice."

Music video
The song's music video was directed by Marc Ball, and premiered on CMT on March 1, 1996, when CMT named it a "Hot Shot".

Chart performance
"Does That Blue Moon Ever Shine on You" debuted at number 65 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of March 9, 1996.

Year-end charts

References

1996 singles
Toby Keith songs
Songs written by Toby Keith
Polydor Records singles
1996 songs


Uranienborg is a neighborhood in the borough of Frogner in Oslo, Norway.

History
Originally a rural area in the former municipality Aker, it was incorporated into the city of Christiania (later Oslo) in 1859. The property used to have a wonderful view, and it was therefore named after the famous observatory Uranienborg at the island of Ven. It received public transport with the Briskeby Line. From 1988 to 2004 it formed the borough Uranienborg-Majorstuen together with Majorstuen; in 2004 it was incorporated into Frogner borough.

It includes Roald Amundsen's Home, also known as "Uranienborg", the home of the polar explorer from 1908, before his successful South Pole expedition, until his death in 1928.  The home is now a historic site and tourist attraction.

Uranienborg Park
Uranienborg is the site of Uranienborgparken, the park where Uranienborg Church is located. The park contains a bronze statue of the Lutheran church reformer Hans Nielsen Hauge.  The church is noted for its interior design by architect Arnstein Arneberg and for its stained glass by the artist Emanuel Vigeland.

References

External links

Uranienborg Church
Uranienborg School

Neighbourhoods of Oslo


Harry, Harri or Harrie Koorstra (1930?–2004?) is a former Dutch sprint canoeist who competed in the late 1940s and early 1950s. He canoed for the Amsterdam club "Viking" and usually paired with Piet Bakker of the same club. They won a bronze medal in the K-2 1000 m event at the 1950 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Copenhagen.

References

Dutch male canoeists
Possibly living people
Sportspeople from Amsterdam
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak
Year of birth uncertain
20th-century Dutch people


Maximaphily is a branch of philately involving the study and creation of maximum cards. It is one of eleven classifications of philately recognised by the Fédération Internationale de Philatélie (FIP) and therefore has its own FIP Commission.

The FIP Maximaphily Commission holds a biennial conference on the subject, most recently in Seoul in 2014.

Maximum card
In philately a maximum card (also known as a maxi-card, or maxicard) is a postcard with a postage stamp placed on the picture side of the card where the stamp and card match or are in maximum concordance (similarity). The cancellation or postmark is usually related to the image on the front of the card and the stamp.

Not every country issues maximum cards (e.g. US did very few) and some who do (e.g. Germany) have only a limited number of releases every year whereas others issue maximum cards for every stamp (e.g. Australia).

History
Maximaphily did not become organised until after the Second World War. Before then maximum cards were created as novelties, often by tourists. Maximaphily is closely associated with thematic or topical stamp collecting and many thematic collections are enhanced with appropriate maximum cards.

Elements
A maximum card (maxicard, maxi-card, MC) is made up of three elements: the postcard, the stamp and the postmark.
The object of maximaphily is to obtain a card where the stamp and picture are in close concordance, ideally with an appropriate cancellation, too.
If all three elements are concordant, then that card truly is a maximum [concordance] card (hence the name maximaphily).
Preferably, the image on the postcard should not be simply an enlargement of the image on the stamp. There are exceptions. For example: a work of art, like a painting (not a detail of it), is often shown in its entirety, both on the postcard and on the stamp of the maxicard.

Competitions
Maximaphily displays have become popular at competitive philatelic exhibitions and special rules have been developed by the FIP to assist in judging the entries.

See also
PHQ card

References

Further reading
 Brana, René et al. Catalogue des Cartes-Maximum de France: 1901–2007. Amiens: Yvert & Tellier, 2008  1118p.
 Cardoso, Eurico Carlos Esteves Lage. Manual do Coleccionador de Postais-Máximos. Lisbon: The Author, 1984 78p.
 Cardoso, Eurico Carlos Esteves Lage. O fascinio da maximafilia = La fascination de la maximaphilie = Fascination of Maximaphily. Lisbon: The Author, 1984  154p.
 Knight, Jesse F. How To Create Maximum Cards. 1996 23p.
 Les Maximaphiles Français. Les Cartes-Maximum de France: des origines à 1988. Saint-Maur-des-Fossés: les Maximaphiles français, 1989 465p.
 Rangos, Nicos. What is Maximaphily?, FIP Maximaphily Commission, 2006 Download link.

External links
FIP maximaphily regulations
Maximaphily description
Asia Pacific Maximaphily
Maximum cards of bridges
Malaysia Maximum cards by Ye Choh San
My maxi cards collection
A history of maximum cards
Postcrossing Blog: maximum cards

Philatelic terminology

he:גלוית מרב#מקסימפיליה


A pope is the Bishop of Rome and the leader of the Catholic Church. Approximately 100 papal tombs are at least partially extant, representing less than half of the 265 deceased popes, from Saint Peter to Benedict XVI.

For the first few centuries in particular, little is known of the popes and their tombs, and available information is often contradictory. As with other religious relics, multiple sites claim to house the same tomb. Furthermore, many papal tombs that recycled sarcophagi and other materials from earlier tombs were later recycled for their valuable materials or combined with other monuments. For example, the tomb of Pope Leo I was combined with Leos II, III, and IV circa 855, and then removed in the seventeenth century and placed under his own altar, below Alessandro Algardi's relief, Fuga d'Attila. The style of papal tombs has evolved considerably throughout history, tracking trends in the development of church monuments. Notable papal tombs have been commissioned from sculptors such as Michelangelo and Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

Most extant papal tombs are located in St. Peter's Basilica, other major churches of Rome (especially Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, Santa Maria sopra Minerva and Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore), or other churches of Italy, France, and Germany.

Note on non-extant tombs

Many early tombs no longer exist due to repeated translations or destruction. This list does not include non-extant papal tombs. Information about these tombs is generally incomplete and uncertain. Locations of destroyed or lost papal tombs include:
 Saint Peter's tomb, around which the following popes were traditionally believed to have been buried: Pope Linus, Pope Anacletus, Pope Evaristus, Pope Telesphorus, Pope Hyginus, Pope Pius I, Pope Anicetus (later transferred to the Catacomb of Callixtus), and Pope Victor I. Epigraphic evidence exists only for Linus, with the discovery of a burial slab marked "Linus" in 1615; however, the slab is broken such that it could have once read "Aquilinius" or "Anullinus".
 The Catacombs of Rome, specifically the Catacomb of Callixtus, the Catacomb of Priscilla (beneath San Martino ai Monti), the Catacomb of Balbina, the Catacomb of Calepodius, the Catacomb of Pontian, and the Catacomb of Felicitas, which were emptied by repeated translations by the ninth century.
 Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica, which once numbered over 100 papal tombs, nearly all of which were destroyed during the sixteenth/seventeenth century demolition.
 Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, where over a dozen tombs were destroyed in two fires (1308 and 1361).
Other tombs not included in this list are:
 Tombs of antipopes, which—with few exceptions—are obscure or destroyed. An antipope is a historical papal claimant currently regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as illegitimate.  Notably, however, the Tomb of Antipope John XXIII is in the Battistero di San Giovanni in Florence.
 Santi Vincenzo e Anastasio a Trevi, the resting place of the precordium of 22 popes from Sixtus V (1585–1590) to Leo XIII (1878–1903).

1st–5th centuries

1st century

2nd century

3rd century

4th century

5th century

6th–10th centuries

6th century

7th century

8th century

9th century

10th century

11th–15th centuries

11th century

12th century

13th century

14th century

15th century

16th–21st centuries

16th century

17th century

18th century

19th century

20th century

21st century

See also

 Index of Vatican City-related articles

Notes

References

External links
  Information and images on papal tombs (1417 and 1799) from the Requiem project

Lists of tombs
Sarcophagi
Tombs, Extant
Papal, extant


Questamation, released on Mar 9, 2009, is the first full-length semi-programmed album by Canadian band Ubiquitous Synergy Seeker, alias USS, consisting of Ashley Boo-Schultz on guitar and vocals, and Jason Parsons, aka Human Kebab, on turntables and programming. For the recording, USS teamed up with Matthew Wagner (Crystal Castles, Alpha Galates) for production and engineering, as well as with Chris Davies and Charles Topping who 'aided musically'.

“It’s going to be our hello to the world,” says Parsons.

Laces Out

Laces Out is USS' first single off Questamation. Released on February 10, 2009, it was soon aired on multiple radio stations, including 102.1 The Edge, which earlier had Hollowpoint Sniper Hyperbole in heavy rotation, inspiring USS to begin producing music videos for their more popular songs, such as 2 15/16ths.

The music video for Laces Out was shot mid-March 2009. It was directed by Jon Knautz and produced by Brookstreet Pictures, along with LifeForce Entertainment.

Track listing

Reviews
 CD Review: USS Questamation

References

2009 debut albums
Ubiquitous Synergy Seeker albums


David Benjamin Keldani (1867 – c.1940), later known as Abd al-Ahad Dawud () was a Chaldean Catholic priest who converted to Islam. He is famous for his book Muhammad in Bible.

Name
He was baptized as David (Dawid, Dawud), a name he retained after his conversion to Islam. His family name "Benjamin" or "Benyamin" (Syriac) was probably derived from his grandfather.

He was called "Keldani" (Chaldean in Arabic) following his conversion. His adopted name Abdul-Ahad (servant of the One) emphasizes his anti-trinitarian monotheism - a belief he reached prior to his conversion to Islam.

Life
The main source about Benjamin is the autobiographical remarks in his books. No other references to his life and conversion to Islam are available.

Christian period
A Catholic of the Chaldean rite, David Benjamin received his education in Urmia. He worked there from 1886 to 1889 as a teacher for schools established by the Anglican mission. During this time he was ordained deacon.
He left Urmia in 1890 for England, and studied in Mill Hill at the College for Foreign Missions (or "St. Joseph's College" established by Herbert Vaughan (1832-1903)). In 1892 Benjamin wrote a series of articles for the English Catholic weekly magazine The Tablet and other periodicals. After completing his studies at the seminary in Mill Hill, he was sent to Rome in 1892 by Vaughan for further study. There he pursued philosophical and theological studies at the Propaganda Fide College, and in 1895 was ordained priest. In 1895 he was back in Persia, joined the French Lazarist Mission at Urmia and published the Mission's first Syriac periodical Qala-La-Shara (The Voice of Truth).

In 1898 Father Benjamin opened a school in  his native village Digala (a mile from Urmiah). He was sent the following year to take charge of the diocese.

He retired to his small villa in the summer of 1900 where, for a month, he spent his time in prayer and reading the Scriptures in their original languages. He then resigned from his ecclesiastical position.

In 1903 he visited England again and joined the Unitarian community. A year later he was sent by the British and Foreign Unitarian Association for missionary work among his countrymen. On his way to Persia he passed through Constantinople, and following several discussions with Sheikhu 'I-Islam Jemalu 'd-Din Effendi and other 'ulama he converted to Islam (1904).

Islamic period
Not much is known about David Benjamin life as a Muslim apart from his work as an author. He wrote Muhammad in the Bible - originally published in 1928 as a series of articles in the journal The Islamic Review. He also wrote for the Turkish paper the Aqsham in 1922 or 1923 Prophet Muhammad Is the Son-of-Man.

The book, which has been translated into German by Asan Günter Nyadayisenga, asserts that many biblical prophecies - understood by Christians to refer to Jesus - point in fact to Muhammad. The Kingdom of God announced by Jesus is the establishment of God's rule on earth through Islam. The Paraclete foretold by Jesus - he argues - is Periqlytos, meaning Ahmad.

In his book he explains his reason to conversion as follows:
My conversion to Islam cannot be attributed to any cause other than the gracious direction of the Almighty Allah. Without this Divine guidance all learning, search and other efforts to find the Truth may even lead one astray. The moment I believed in the Absolute Unity of God, His holy Apostle Muhammad became the pattern of my conduct and behavior.

Quotes

Bibliography
 Articles by Benjamin David
 Rev David Benjamin Keldani (Abdul Ahad Dawud, Muhammad in World Scriptures
 David Benjamin: Muhammad in der Bibel. München 1992. , - 2., neubearb. Aufl., SKD Bavaria, München 2002,

References

External links

 English biography

Converts to Islam from Catholicism
Persian-language writers
Iranian former Christians
Iranian Muslims
1867 births
1940 deaths


The following is a list of United States Navy oilers (hull designations AO, AOE, AOL, AOR and AOT). It does not include gasoline tankers (AOG) or submarine oilers (AOSS).

Oilers are considered to be auxiliaries by the US Navy, and this article's lists are thus a subset of this type of ship. All other auxiliaries can be found at List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy, including the gasoline tankers. Tankers commissioned into the Navy for bulk storage at mobile bases by Service Squadrons during World War II were not classed as auxiliaries but as unclassified miscellaneous vessels (IX).

Ship status is indicated as either currently active [A] (including ready reserve), inactive [I], or precommissioning [P]. Ships in the inactive category include only ships in the inactive reserve, ships which have been disposed from US service have no listed status. Ships in the precommissioning category include ships under construction or on order.

Note: tonnages are given in naval light/full load displacement

Historical overview
Coaling was the principal means of fueling steam-powered warships and auxiliaries until about 1914, when fuel oil began to be introduced due to reasons pertaining to range, ease of refueling, and crew morale. The earliest ships on these lists were added to the fleet about this time.

Experiments beginning in 1917 showed that underway replenishment of fuel was possible. The US Navy made extensive use of the technique in World War II, and continued to refine the technology after the war.

During the naval build-up for World War II US Maritime Commission (MarCom) standard T2 and T3 tankers were converted to US Navy oilers (AO)s.

Following World War II larger ships were needed to replenish supercarriers. New oiler types (AORs) were developed to replenish carriers with ordnance and stores in addition to oil so as to minimize replenishment steaming time. Another step in this direction was to build high speed oilers (AOEs) that could match the speed of carriers and other warships.

The latest oilers have been designed to reduce operating costs by reducing manning requirements (a trend begun in 1949 with the introduction of manning non-commissioned ships with civilian crews under the Military Sealift Command and its predecessors - such ships carry the 'T-' prefix on their hull symbols and the USNS prefix rather than USS; ships with SS prefixes are under long-term charter with the Navy rather than under Navy ownership). Another design goal has been to reduce environmental risk of fuel spillage via the introduction of double-hulls.

In 2020 the Navy began to develop a new type of ship, the Light Replenishment Oiler (AOL).

Naming of Oilers
U.S. Navy Fleet Oilers (AO)s were traditionally named for rivers and streams with Native American names: USS Neosho, Monongahela, Neches, etc. The largest World War II ships were named after California Missions: USS Mission Buenaventura, etc. The ships of the two most recent classes were named for noted ship designers and builders and civil rights leaders: USS Henry J. Kaiser, John Lewis, etc., with a handful of traditional river names included.

For the Fast Combat Support Ships (AOE)s, the names of cities (traditionally cruiser names) were used for the first ships: USS Detroit, Camden, etc. Later ships received the names of supply ships of years gone by: , , etc.

For the Fleet Replenishment Oilers (AOR)s, which were similar to the AOEs but with less capabilities, city/river pairs with Native American names were used: USS Kalamazoo, Wichita, Savannah, Wabash, Roanoke, etc.

The Transport Oilers (AOT)s were often reclassified AOs and so they retained their original names. Some latter ships were named using civil merchant ship conventions.

Fleet Oilers (AO)

Arethusa

Arethusa was built in Britain 1893 as the SS Luciline and was purchased in 1898, serving originally as a water carrier. In 1910 she was converted to carry fuel oil, mostly in support of destroyers: she thus became the US Navy's first oiler. With the new hull designation system of 1920 she was redesignated AO-7.

Kanawha class

The Navy's first fuel ships designed and built as oilers, rather than colliers, the -class comprised two ships commissioned just before World War I, which displaced 5,950/14,800 tons. Until 1920 they were designated "Fuel Ship No. 13" etc. Maumee was the first large US Navy vessel with diesel engines. In 1917 Maumee also became the first ship in the world to refuel others while underway in wartime conditions, and the first to do so in rough seas, having been positioned in the mid-Atlantic to aid the crossing of short-legged US destroyers to Britain under the supervision of her Chief Engineer, Lt. Chester W. Nimitz.

 (Fuel Ship No. 13), sunk at Tulagi 8 April 1943, 19 killed
 (Fuel Ship No. 14), later AG-124

Sara Thompson and Robert L. Barnes
Wartime acquisitions of civilian tankers. Sara Thompson, 2690/5840 tons, was also British-built, in 1888 as the SS Gut Heil, and was purchased in 1917. Robert L. Barnes, a 1630/3850-ton Great Lakes tanker, was built in 1914 and purchased in 1918. With the advent of the Navy's new hull-numbering system in 1920 they were designated AO-8 and AO-14.

, ex-ID-3148, later SS Sarangani, captured at Manila 1941 and renamed Sanraku Maru; sunk by USS Trout off Borneo, 1943
, ex-ID-3088, ex-AK-11, later AG-27, captured at Guam 1941; later SS Fortune and M.T.S. #2

Cuyama class

The Cuyama-class ships were improved Kanawha-class ships, displacing 5,723/14,500 tons and with the bridge moved to the midships position, which entered service during World War I. Cuyama was the first oiler to refuel a large ship underway by the broadside method, the cruiser Omaha in 1924. Unlike the succeeding Patoka/Alameda group, the Kanawha and Cuyama-classes moderate 14-knot speed made them useful in the early days of World War II. Two of these oilers were lost to Japanese action.

 (Fuel Ship No. 15)
 (Fuel Ship No. 16)
 (Fuel Ship No. 17), sunk off Hawaii 23 January 1942, 57 killed
 (Fuel Ship No. 18), sunk off Christmas Island 1 March 1942, more than 400 killed (including survivors of the USS Langley sinking)

Patoka class

In 1917 the US Navy ordered twelve tankers, eight of them  oilers of 5,422/16,800 tons displacement designed and built by Newport News Shipbuilding. Completed just after the war, the Patoka-class ships, at 10.5 knots, were too slow to be effective fleet oilers, and for the most part served as transport tankers (although Tippecanoe was pressed into service as a fleet oiler during the desperate days of early 1942).
, later AV-6 and AG-125. Patoka served as tender for the airships  and .

. Ramapo encountered the highest reliably measured waves in history, 112 feet.

, torpedoed but survived 1941

Kaweah class and Alameda

These were the remaining four 1917 program oilers, 5450/14,500-ton tankers built to United States Shipping Board (USSB) Design 1128 between 1919 and 1921 by William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia. Similar in size and speed to the Patoka,-class, the Alameda-class also served principally as transport tankers.
, later SS Olean, SS Sweep and USS Silver Cloud (IX-43)

, torpedoed but survived 1942

Cimarron class (1939)

The  oilers was a T3 Tanker class of 35 large, fast twin-screw oilers that began entering service in 1939, the Navy for several years having campaigned for oilers adequate to its needs, as the Patoka and Alameda classes clearly were not. "The high [18-knot] speed intended for these ships (12 to 13 knots was then considered the norm for a tanker) led to the introduction of the term "fast tanker," which was coined to describe these and all subsequent high-speed tankers subsidized by the maritime commission before World War II. The increases in speed and the extraordinary size of the propulsion system (the fastest commercial tankers then being built in the United States had only 5,000 s.h.p.) were obviously made to accommodate the navy's wishes, demonstrating once again the mutual interests shared between the navy and the maritime commission." The original 12 and the 18 wartime repeats of these ships were of the U.S. Maritime Commission's Type T3-S2-A1 (7,256/24,830 tons displacement); the last five were of the very similar but slightly larger T3-S2-A3 type (7,423/25,480 tons), sometimes called the Mispillion class. Four of the ships were converted into escort carriers (CVEs) in 1942, and two others were lost in combat.

From 1964 through 1967, eight of the T3 type oilers were "jumboized", including all five of the Mispillion-class and three of the Cimarron-class ships. This jumboization was done by cutting the ships in two with cutting torches, pulling the aft sections away, and moving in new mid-bodies and welding them to the bows and sterns. After many other cutting and welding modifications a new long ship was created; the three Cimarron-class jumbos were known as the Ashtabula-class.

 pioneered the superior span-wire or "Elwood" refueling rig in December 1944. The first ram-tensioned rig was installed on  in 1954.

Type T3-S2-A1:

 , sunk in the Coral Sea 11 May 1942, up to 178 were killed

 , converted to CVE-26
 , converted to CVE-29
 , Operation Dominic nuclear test participant
 , converted to CVE-28

 , converted to CVE-27
 , jumboized

 , sunk at Ulithi 20 November 1944, 63 killed

 , Operation Dominic participant
 , Operation Dominic participant

 , jumboized
 , jumboized

Type T3-S2-A3 (Mispillion subclass, all jumboized):

 , later T-AOT-109

Chicopee class

In January 1942 the Navy moved to acquire two tankers then building for Standard Oil of New Jersey, the 5800/21,800 ton Esso Trenton and Esso Albany. These ships although not a Maritime Commission design were in fact very similar to the T2-A type commissioned as the Mattaponi-class, having been ordered by Standard Oil as replacements for the previously-requisitioned T3s Esso Albany (USS Sabine) and Esso Trenton (USS Sangamon), and at 17+ knots were the fastest single-screw oilers in the Navy.

Kennebec class

The second large oiler class built during World War II was the . These 16 ships were of the single-screw Maritime Commission type T2 (5580/21,000t, 16.5kt), larger T2-A (5880/21,750t, 16.5kt) and similar but somewhat slower T3-S-A1 (5630/21,000t, 15.3kt).

Type T2:

Type T2-A (Mattaponi class):

Type T3-S-A1 (Chiwawa class):

Big Horn and Victoria
Gulf Oil's 1936 Gulf Dawn was requisitioned in April 1942, renamed Big Horn and nominally designated AO-45; in fact she was modified into a Q-ship, a U-boat decoy equipped with concealed guns. She was transferred in 1944 to the Coast Guard as USCGC Big Horn (WAO-124), then back to the Navy as a transport tanker in 1945.

SS George G. Henry had already served in the Navy in 1917-18 under her own name; as one of the few tankers to escape the Philippines in December 1941 and be available to the Allied fleet in Australia, she was recommissioned under an emergency bare-boat charter at Melbourne the following April and named for the Australian state. Her civilian master, a Naval Reserve officer, was placed on active duty and continued in command.
, ex-Gulf Dawn, later WAO-124 and IX-207
, ex-George G. Henry ex-ID-1560

Suamico class

The third large oiler class built during World War II was the Suamico-class. These 5730/21,880-ton oilers were of the MARAD Type T2-SE, differing from the Kennebec-class ships principally in having turbo-electric drive, a consequence of a chronic shortage of reduction gearing. The T2-SE-A2 Escambias subclass had more powerful engines and were markedly faster than the -A1s. 30 of these oilers were ordered, but three of them were canceled before their completion; two others were converted into water distillation ships (AW) and one into a water tanker. One of these oilers sank in 1947, and a second in Military Sealift Command (MSC) service in 1972. Some of the Escambias were later transferred to the US Army and used as mobile electric power plants in Vietnam. The T2-SE-A3 (Cohocton) subclass were mostly canceled, but would have differed from the A2s only in being built from the start with UNREP gear rather than being converted by the Navy.

Type T2-SE-A1:

 , later T-AOT-50

 , later T-AOT-67
 , later T-AOT-73

 , later T-AOT-75
 , later T-AOT-76
 , later T-AOT-77
 , later T-AOT-78
 , later T-AOT-79

Type T2-SE-A2 ( subclass):

 , converted to AW-3
 , converted to AW-4
 , converted to water tanker

Atascosa
The Navy requisitioned Standard Oil's 6000/24,100-ton Esso Columbia shortly after her launch in September 1942. At 18,500 dwt / 24,660 flt Atascosa was the largest oiler by capacity operated by the Navy during World War II.

Pasig and Shikellamy
The elderly tanker J. C. Donnell was acquired in January 1943 with the intent of using her as a floating storage tank at New Caledonia. When it turned out that concrete barges could fulfill that role,  was briefly returned to her owners in September. Her name was given to one of the Escambia-class, with hull number AO-91. Sinclair Oil's Daniel Pierce was requisitioned in March 1943 and renamed USS Shikellamy (AO-90); in July however she was converted to a gasoline tanker and redesignated AOG-47.
, ex-J. C. Donnell (1917)
, ex-Daniel Pierce (1921; later AOG-47)

Suamico class, Cohocton subclass

Type T2-SE-A3 (Cohocton subclass):

 , canceled, later completed as Mission Santa Ana (T-AO-137)
 , canceled, later completed as Mission Los Angeles (T-AO-117)
 , canceled, later completed as Mission San Francisco (T-AO-123)

Dithmarschen / Conecuh
The USS Conecuh was the former German tanker Dithmarschen and was acquired as a war prize in 1946. She was reclassified as the first fleet replenishment tanker (AOR).
 , ex-IX-301, later AOR-110

Mission Buenaventura class

The Missions were Type T2-SE-A2 ships like the Navy's Escambia-class ordered by the Maritime Commission in 1943 as civilian-operated transport tankers. The original order was for thirty, but six were taken over by the Navy and commissioned as AO-91 to 96; on the other hand the Maritime Commission took over three canceled Navy oilers of the nearly identical T2-SE-A3 type. After operating under civilian charter during the late war and immediate postwar period, transporting fuel to the many US forces overseas, they were transferred to the Naval Transportation Service in 1947-48 and the new Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) in 1949.

Three Mission-class ships were later converted to Missile Range Instrumentation Ships (T-AGMs).

T2-SE-A2:

 , later T-AG-162

 , later T-AGM-20

 , later T-AG-194, T-AGM-19

 , later T-AGM-21

 , lost in grounding 8 October 1957

T2-SE-A3:
 , ex-Conecuh AO-103
 , ex-Contoocook AO-104, lost in collision 7 March 1957, 10 killed
 , ex-Concho AO-102)

Mission Santa Ynez, scrapped in 2010, was the last survivor of the over 500 T2 tankers built during World War II.

Cedar Creek class
Five Type T2-SE-A1 tankers were transferred to the USSR under Lend-Lease and four returned to the United States in 1948-49, making them part of the extended Suamico family. The Maritime Administration replaced the wrecked Donbass (ex-Beacon Rock) with her sister Sappa Creek.
  (ex-Tagonrog)
 Muir Woods (T-AO-139) (ex-Elbrus)
 Pioneer Valley (T-AO-140) (ex-Krasnaya Armia)
 Sappa Creek (T-AO-141)
 Shawnee Trail (T-AO-142) (ex-Emba II)

Neosho class

The 11,600/38,000-ton Neosho-class oilers were the first oilers built for the US Navy after World War II, the first built expressly as naval oilers rather than conversions of civilian tanker designs, and the first designed from the outset to support jet operations. Six of these oilers were completed during 1954 and 55. "They were the first oilers designed specifically for underway replenishment. The final PROBE fueling device design was approved in 1965, consisting of a male fitting attached to the terminal end of a seven-inch hose". The Neoshos were also markedly larger than any previous USN oilers at over 650 feet in length (T6 class) with a capacity of 180,000 barrels of fuel.
, Operation Argus nuclear test participant, decommissioned on 25 May 1978, transferred to MSC

, Operation Dominic nuclear test participant, placed In-Service with Military Sealift Command as USNS Hassayampa (T-AO 145) on 17 November 1978
Kawishiwi (AO-146) (decommissioned on 10 October 1979, and placed in service with MSC)
 (transferred to Military Sealift Command 30 January 1980)
, Operation Dominic participant

Maumee class

The  were four 7184/32,950 ton T5-S-12a transport oilers that were in service from the mid-1950s through the mid-1980s. These were the first tankers built specifically for the MSTS (later the Military Sealift Command). The ships were not designed for underway replenishment (refueling ships at sea), but rather, they were made to carry bulk quantities of petroleum products, such as fuel oil, diesel fuel, and aviation fuel, to American and allied military forces overseas.

At some time after the loss of USNS Potomac, the three survivors were reclassified as Transport Oilers (AOT).

 , largely destroyed in a 26 September 1961 pier side fire, 2 killed, salvaged, later became T-AOT-181

Cumberland class
At the time of the 1956 Suez Crisis the MSTS purchased twelve additional T2-SE-A1 merchant tankers, making them belated members of the vast Suamico class. Their naval service was temporary; with the strain on US tanker capacity easing in late 1957 the twelve were transferred to Maritime Administration custody and struck.

  (ex-Esso Cumberland)
 Lynchburg (T-AO-154) (ex-Esso Lynchburg)
 Roanoke (T-AO-155) (ex-Esso Roanoke)

 Logan's Fort (T-AO-160)

 Memphis (T-AO-162) (ex-Esso Memphis)
  (ex-Fort Cornwallis)
  (ex-Hanging Rock)

American Explorer
A T5-S-RM2a tanker, American Explorer was laid down in 1957, intended to be the world's first nuclear-powered tanker, but construction costs ballooned; the MSTS, using funds left over from the construction of the Maumee-class, funded her completion with a conventional steam plant.
 , later T-AOT-165

Sealift class
By 1970 the MSTS, now renamed the Military Sealift Command (MSC), was operating an aging tanker fleet comprising largely WW2-built ships, which were wearing out. With limited budgets, MSC hit upon a build-and-charter program, under which new tankers would be built for private ownership but chartered to MSC for twenty years. These nine new tankers were the Sealift class, which were intended to replace the T2s; their size was kept relatively small (587', 6786/34,000t) for access to smaller ports and shallower anchorages. They served from 1974 to 1995 and were reclassed as AOTs in the late 1970s.

 Sealift Pacific (T-AO-168)
 Sealift Arabian Sea (T-AO-169)
 Sealift China Sea (T-AO-170)
 Sealift Indian Ocean (T-AO-171)
 Sealift Atlantic (T-AO-172)
 Sealift Mediterranean (T-AO-173)
 Sealift Caribbean (T-AO-174)
 Sealift Arctic (T-AO-175)
 Sealift Antarctic (T-AO-176)

Cimarron class (1979)

The second Cimarron-class was a class of five fleet oilers that were commissioned in the early 1980s to replace older oilers constructed during World War II. Due to budget restrictions, these ships were constructed smaller than was actually needed, requiring them to be "jumboized" in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Displacement was 8200 tons as built and 11,650/36,800 after jumboization. However, to save expenses and in keeping with the Navy's move away from steam propulsion, these ships were decommissioned in the late 1990s and replaced by the diesel-powered Henry J. Kaiser-class oilers manned by the Military Sealift Command (MSC).

Potomac

Potomac (T-AO-150) was a Maumee-class ship that suffered a catastrophic fire in 1961 which however left her after section and machinery largely undamaged; this portion was purchased by Keystone Tankships and mated to a new bow and midbody to create SS Shenandoah in 1964. After serving under charter for the MSTS/MSC for several years, Shenandoah was acquired by the Navy in 1976 and transferred to MSC ownership under her old name. She was the first ship equipped with an offshore petroleum discharge system (OPDS), allowing her to supply fuel to forces ashore by pumping it directly over the beach instead of having to deliver it in a port.
 USNS Potomac (T-AO-150), ex-Shenandoah - MSC purchased her on 12 January 1976, later T-AOT-181

Falcon class
In parallel with its build/charter operation of the Sealift class, MSC in the 1970s obtained by a similar arrangement four larger T5-class tankers built for Falcon Shipping. All were later reclassed as AOTs.
 Columbia (T-AO-182), ex-Falcon Lady
 Neches (T-AO-183), ex-Falcon Duchess
 Hudson (T-AO-184), ex-Falcon Countess
 Susquehanna (T-AO-185), ex-Falcon Princess

Henry J. Kaiser class

The Henry J. Kaiser replenishment oilers are a class of fleet replenishment oilers for which construction began in August 1984. This class is composed of eighteen underway replenishment oilers which are operated by the Military Sealift Command to provide underway replenishment of fuel to Navy combat ships and jet fuel for aircraft and helicopters aboard aircraft carriers and surface warships. The Kaiser-class ships also have a limited capacity to supply ammunition, dry stores and refrigerated stores, although not as much as the AOEs and AORs; they do not have helicopter embarkation facilities. A Kaiser-class oiler operating in tandem with a Lewis and Clark-class AKE is considered to be the equivalent of one  AOE.

Two of this class were canceled and laid up incomplete, and a third transferred to the Chilean navy.

 [A]
 [A]
 [A]
 (sold to Chile, 2009)
Benjamin Isherwood (T-AO-191) (canceled)
 (canceled)
 [I]
 [A]
 [A]
 [A]
  [A]
 [A]
 [A]
 [A]
 [A]
 [A]
 [A]
 [A]

John Lewis class

The 2012 30-Year Shipbuilding Plan called for the Kaisers to be replaced by 17 double-hulled vessels under the T-AO(X) program.
 John Lewis (T-AO-205) [A]
 Harvey Milk (T-AO-206) [A]
 Earl Warren (T-AO-207) [P] - under construction
 Robert F. Kennedy (T-AO-208) [P] - under construction
 Lucy Stone (T-AO-209) [P] - on order
 Sojourner Truth (T-AO-210) [P] - on order
 Thurgood Marshall (T-AO-211) [P] - on order
 Ruth Bader Ginsburg (T-AO-212) [P] - on order

Fast Combat Support Ships (AOE)

These fast supply ships combine the functions of a fleet oiler (AO), an ammunition ship (AE), and a refrigerated stores ship (AF) in one, as well as hangars and support facilities for three helicopters for Vertical Replenishment (VERTREP). "One-stop shopping", supplemented by VERTREP transfer, represents a signal decrease in the amount of time a deployed warship has to spend replenishing.

Sacramento class

The Sacramento-class was a class of four fast combat support ships that carried out the refueling, rearming, and resupplying the warships of the US Navy on the oceans of the world, especially aircraft carrier task forces, which are inherently fast-moving groups of warships. To provide these fast support ships with their speed, they were built using (one-half each) the steam turbine propulsion plants of the unfinished Iowa-class battleships  and . At nearly 800 feet and 58,000 tons full load, the Sacramentos were the largest oilers ever to serve in the US Navy.

The Sacramento-class ships were in service from 1964 to 2005.

(AOE-5), canceled 1968

Supply class

The four Sacramento-class supply ships were replaced by the four Supply-class ships commissioned between 1994 and 1998. All of these 48,800 long ton AOEs have been operated by the MSC since 2005. As with the Sacramento-class, a fifth ship was canceled.
 [A]
 [I]
 [A]
Conecuh (AOE-9) (canceled)
 [I]

Gasoline Tankers (AOG, T-AOG)

Light Replenishment Oilers (T-AOL)
The Navy plans to begin in 2026 the construction of a class of oilers "that is smaller than a full-sized oiler" because "the Navy wants to begin shifting to a new, more distributed fleet architecture (i.e., mix of ships) that is intended to...[avoid] a situation in which an adversary could defeat U.S. naval forces by concentrating its attacks on a relatively small number of large, high-value U.S. Navy ships."

Fleet Replenishment Oilers (AOR)

A replenishment oiler, like an AOE, supplies ammunition and dry stores in addition to fuel, but is not as fast and typically only is capable of the usual auxiliary speed of 18-20 knots. AORs historically have also been smaller than AOEs.

Conecuh

The first ship to carry the AOR-designation was USS Conecuh, which was acquired as a war prize in 1946. She was the former German tanker Dithmarschen, and she served in the US Navy from 1953 through 1956, where she was used to test the concept of the AOE/AOR.
 , ex-IX-301, AO-110

Wichita class

The Wichita-class comprised seven 13,500/40,000-ton replenishment oilers that were used from the late 1960s through the mid-1990s. These ships, similar to but smaller and slower than the AOEs, though larger and faster than the Neosho-class, were designed for rapid underway replenishment using both connected replenishment and vertical replenishment (supplies carried from ship to ship by helicopters). The ships could carry 160,000 barrels of petroleum fuel, 600 tons of munitions, 200 tons of dry stores, and 100 tons of refrigerated supplies. With the overall reduction in size in the US Navy fleet, these ships were all decommissioned and stricken during the 1990s.

Oiler Submarines (AOSS)

Transport Oilers (AOT)
The T-AOT Transport Oilers or Transport Tankers are part of the Military Sealift Command's Sealift Program, carrying fuel for the Department of Defense. They are not intended to operate with the fleet or provide underway refueling, but to move fuel in support of military operations to ports and depots around the world. Some ships were equipped with an offshore petroleum discharge system (OPDS), which allowed them to supply fuel to forces ashore after an amphibious assault without port facilities. They are operated by civilian crews.

Suamico- and Cimarron-classes

 USNS Tallulah (T-AOT-50), ex-AO-50
 USNS Cache (T-AOT-67), ex-AO-67
 USNS Millicoma (T-AOT-73), ex-AO-73
 USNS Saugatuck (T-AOT-75), ex-AO-75
 USNS Schuylkill (T-AOT-76), ex-AO-76
 USNS Cossatot (T-AOT-77), ex-AO-77
 USNS Chepachet (T-AOT-78), ex-AO-78
 USNS Cowanesque (T-AOT-79), ex-AO-79
 USNS Waccamaw (T-AOT-109), ex-AO-109

Maumee class redesignated

The three survivors of this class were reclassified from Fleet Oilers (AO) to Transport Oilers (AOT).

American Explorer redesignated
American Explorer gained some notoriety in 2008 as a stricken hulk awaiting scrapping when she broke her moorings during Hurricane Gustav and collided with New Orleans' Florida Avenue Bridge.
 , ex-T-AO-165

Sealift class redesignated
All were reclassified from Fleet Oilers (AO) to Transport Oilers (AOT).

 Sealift Pacific (T-AOT-168)
 Sealift Arabian Sea (T-AOT-169)
 Sealift China Sea (T-AOT-170)
 Sealift Indian Ocean (T-AOT-171)
 Sealift Atlantic (T-AOT-172)
 Sealift Mediterranean (T-AOT-173)
 Sealift Caribbean (T-AOT-174)
 Sealift Arctic (T-AOT-175)
 Sealift Antarctic (T-AOT-176)

Potomac redesignated
 , ex-Shenandoah, ex-T-AO-181

Falcon class redesignated
All were reclassified from Fleet Oilers (AO) to Transport Oilers (AOT).
 Columbia (T-AO-182), ex-Falcon Lady, later MV Mission Capistrano (T-AOT-5005)
 Neches (T-AO-183), ex-Falcon Duchess
 Hudson (T-AO-184), ex-Falcon Countess
 Susquehanna (T-AO-185), ex-Falcon Princess

Champion class

The five T5 Champion-class tankers have double hulls and are ice-strengthened for protection against damage during missions in extreme climates. They were built by the American Ship Building Company of Tampa, Fla., for Ocean Product Tankers of Houston, Texas, for long-term time charter to MSC, and entered service in 1985-87. These tankers embark on many unique missions including refueling the National Science Foundation in Antarctica and Thule Air Base in Greenland. In 2003 MSC purchased four of the five outright, making them United States Naval Ships. Matthiesen is equipped for UNREP.
 USNS Gus W. Darnell (T-AOT-1121)
  [I]
  [I]
  [I]
  [I]

Other transport oilers

In the 1980s MSC acquired several other merchant tankers for service in the Ready Reserve Force and/or Pre-Positioning Fleet. American Osprey, Mount Washington, Chesapeake and Petersburg were Offshore Petroleum Discharge System (OPDS) ships.

 SS Mission Buenaventura (T-AOT-1012), ex-Spirit of Liberty, built 1968, acquired 1987
 SS Mount Vernon (T-AOT-3009), built 1961, acquired 1988
 MV Mission Capistrano (T-AOT-5005), ex-Falcon Lady, ex-USNS Columbia (T-AOT-182), built 1971, reacquired 1988
 SS American Osprey (T-AOT-5075), ex-Gulf Prince, built 1958, acquired 1984
 , built 1963, acquired 1987
 , ex-Hess Voyager, built 1964, acquired 1987
 MT Empire State (T-AOT-5193) [A]
 MT Maersk Peary (T-AOT-5246) [A]
 MT SLNC Pax (T-AOT-5356) [A]
 ATB Galveston/Petrochem Producer (T-AOT-5406)
 MT SLNC Goodwill (T-AOT-5419) [A]
 MT Stena Polaris (T-AOT-5563) [A]
 , ex-Sinclair Texas, built 1962, acquired 1987
 MT Evergreen State [A]

Oiler museums
There are no US Navy museum ships dedicated specifically to oilers. There is one model of an oiler that has been on display at the Defense Logistics Agency, in Fort Belvoir, Virginia. She is the , named for a creek on a hill above Sausalito, California. In promoting the creation of an all 18 feet of the model can be seen.

United States Navy facts
The following is a list of tanker or cargo type hulls:

Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force (NFAF)
These perform Underway Replenishment. The first two are oilers; the others are dry cargo ships.
Fleet Replenishment Oilers - T-AO (15)
Fast Combat Support Ships] T-AOE (4)
Ammunition Ships T-AE (5)
Combat Stores Ships - T-AFS (2)
Dry Cargo/Ammunition Ships - T-AKE (7)

Prepositioning ships
OPDS Tanker (formerly T-AOT) (1)

Sealift ships
Tankers - T-AOT (5)

See also
Armadillo-class tankers - mobile base bulk storage ships classed as unclassified miscellaneous (IX)

List of current ships of the United States Navy
 List of United States Navy ships
 - abbreviated list
 - detained list
Tanker (ship)

References

External links
Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships - Neosho
Frequently Asked Questions - Ship Naming section of the Navy Historical Center
NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo AO-143
United States Oiler History
United States Oiler Naming History.

Tankers of the United States Navy


Santa Clara is a town and corregimiento in Arraiján District, Panamá Oeste Province, Panama with a population of 2,139 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 1,422; its population as of 2000 was 1,744.

References

Corregimientos of Panamá Oeste Province


The Verne Cox Multipurpose Recreation Center is a recreation center located in Pasadena, Texas. The center provides recreational programs, events, and services for Pasadena's youth and adults with cognitive or physical disabilities. The Verne Cox Center is a division of the Parks & Recreation Department of the City of Pasadena. The  facility is fully accessible with a gymnasium, weight room, kitchen, two multipurpose activity rooms, bathrooms with showers and lockers, a swimming pool, and two wheelchair accessible softball fields. The facilities serve youths and adults with any type of physical, intellectual, or cognitive disabilities. An annual wheelchair tournament is held at the center for athletes in Pasadena. So too are a number of other sports tournaments for disabled people.

References

Disability organizations based in the United States
Buildings and structures in Harris County, Texas
Buildings and structures in Pasadena, Texas


The Armenian dram sign (֏, image: ; ; code: AMD) is the currency sign of the Armenian dram. In Unicode, it is encoded at .

After its proclamation of independence, Armenia put into circulation its own national currency, the Armenian dram, and the need for a monetary sign became immediately apparent. The shape chosen is a slightly modified version of one of the capital letters of the Armenian alphabet.

History

Heritage of Mashtots
There is a strong belief that the shape of dram sign (symbol) is a direct projection of the Armenian alphabet – the work of Mesrop Mashtots. It is not hard to notice the clean-cut geometry of the Armenian letters, as did the author of the sign, K. Komendaryan, when he studied the alphabet. Later he became a proponent for the hypothesis which states that the prototype of the Armenian alphabet is a variety of combinations of the resembling curves and the horizontal elements. Subsequently, these horizontal elements played a key role in the sign development.

Date of creation
The first known usage of the sign was on 7 September 1995, when it was used in handwritten notes for the cash flow of a start-up company. Although a number of artists and businessmen developed and offered alternate designs for it, the original form has remained in use. It is now part of the Armenian standard for national characters and symbols and in Armenian computer fonts.

Incentives
The objective of the sign is to symbolize the Armenian national currency and come in handy wherever a graphical symbol for the currency is in demand, for instance in: financial documents, price-lists and tags, currency exchange displays, computer fonts, correspondence, etc.

At the time of the sign's development were outlined the definite fundamental criteria for it, namely the sign has:
to denote the Armenian National Currency by graphical means;
to recall the outlines of Armenian letters;
to include the elements typical for the foreign monetary symbols;
to be easily reproduced with a few strokes;
to be enough plain for its identification and memorizing.

Present to Republic
In 2001, Komendaryan took the opportunity to give the sign to the Republic of Armenia in connection with the celebration of the 1700th anniversary of the proclamation of Christianity as Armenia's state religion. The proposal for the sign was mailed to the then President of Armenia, Robert Kocharyan. At the same time congratulations on the anniversary, together with a copy of the proposal, were sent to the Catholicos of all Armenians, Garegin II.

CBA contest
From the office of the President, the proposal has been forwarded to the Central Bank of Armenia (CBA), which announced the contest, entertained the offer among the other proposals and approved it together with the other similar design. The CBA Panel Ordinance declared to "accept the designs of dram symbol presented by K. Komendaryan and R. Arutchyan ... and pass it to the state organizations for the official processing and standardization."

Other proposals
To the right are the designs for dram sign submitted to the CBA contest by an artist R. Arutchyan and an architect V. Phenesyan respectively. The proposal by R. Arutchyan cognates with Euro sign elements. In its turn, the proposal by Phenesyan is based on the first letter of Armenian word Փող (money, pronounced as "phokh").

Placement on Armenian dram bills and a coin

For the very first time, the original shape of the sign was depicted on the Armenian banknote in 2003, specifically on the reverse side of the 10,000 Armenian dram bill, which has been reissued in 2006 and 2008. In 2008, in connection with the celebration of the 15th anniversary of the Armenian currency was issued 5000 dram Commemorative coin with the dram sign on the reverse side of the coin. In 2011, the sign has been placed on the 1000 dram bill.

Shape and status
The graphics of the dram sign was developed on the basis of the shape of the first letter of Armenian word "Դրամ" (money, pronounced as "dram") and the two horizontal strokes, found in a range of well-known monetary signs. As a result, this sign combines its Armenian origin and the two strokes present in the majority of foreign monetary symbols. The meaning of those two strokes was researched by the author and is being presented in his lectures.

Copyright and national attributes
To ensure protection of authorship the author has sent requests to the Armenian National Standards Institute in 1997 and the Copyright Bureau of the U.S. Library of Congress in 2001. However, Article 6 of Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights adopted by the National Assembly of Armenia on 8 December 1999 and revised on 15 June 2006, asserts that state emblems and signs are not considered as objects for copyright. Hence, the dram symbol may be treated as one of the national attributes, the mandatory items of which are flag, national seal, anthem, and money.

Standardization
There are the international and republican standards pertinent to money and monetary symbols:
 ISO 4217, Codes for the Representation of Currencies and Funds – defines the format of three-letter abbreviation for world monetary instruments. To Armenian dram in it was assigned code AMD.
 Arm. Stand. 34.001-2006, Character Sets and Keyboards – defines Armenian characters encoding and keyboard layouts. The code for the sign is 91 and shorthand is 'armdram'.
 Unicode 6.1 and ISO/IEC 10646, Joint standardization for coding multilingual text.

In 2007, the Armenian National Institute for Standardization, Measurements and Metrology made an amendment to the Character Sets and Keyboards table and enacted to replace the collocation "dram sign" by the graphics of the symbol.

On 15 June 2011, the Unicode Technical Committee (UTC) accepted the dram sign for inclusion in the future versions of the Unicode Standard and assigned a code for the sign - U+058F (֏). In 2012, the sign was finally adopted in the Armenian block of ISO and Unicode international standards.

Variations of design
On creation of the dram symbol's original shape a number of designs for it were developed to conform to the most popular font styles and their derivatives (italic, bold). In 2001, the designs together with the original shape were given to the Republic as templates for national font sets. Below are presented three main templates; however, there is now a variety of sign shapes in Armenian computer fonts.

In 2008, under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture of Armenia and Microsoft-Armenia in National Book Chamber of Armenia took place "Granshan 2008" first competition for the complete set of Armenian letters and characters, which embraced the sign together with the other characters and symbols.

Promotion
Official presentations of the sign were made by its designer at the Central Bank of Armenia and at the first Congress of Armenian Technologies (ArmTech 2007) in San Francisco. The designer also arranged several lectures in Armenia, including at the Armenian State University of Economics.

In connection with celebration of the 15th Anniversary of Armenian dram, in November 2008, the Central Bank of Armenia issued a 5000 dram commemorative coin with the sign on the reverse side just against Noah's Ark with the National Coat of Arms on its obverse. The same year the sign was widely populated in a number of local periodicals.
In 2011, the dram sign appeared on the renewed official site of the CBA and in the design of its new Visitors Center.

The complete information on the sign, together with the considerations on its usage has been presented at Granshan'12 and Wikipedia international conferences, both devoted to the 500th Anniversary of Armenian book printing.

See also

 Currency symbol

References

External links
 Saint Mesrop Mashtots, the creator of Armenian Alphabet http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Mesrop_Mashtots
 Central Bank of Armenia http://www.cba.am
 Union of Banks of Armenia http://www.uba.am
 Lecture on Dram, Dollar, Euro Monetary Symbols in Armenian, American Corner, Yerevan http://yerevan.americancorners.am/en/events/2008/10/15/Event122/
 Lecture on Dram, Dollar, Euro Monetary Symbols in English, American Corner, Gyumri http://gyumri.americancorners.am/en/events/2008/09/26/event92/
 Lecture on Dram, Dollar, Euro Monetary Symbols in Armenian, CRRC-Armenia (Caucasus Research Resource Centers), Yerevan https://web.archive.org/web/20120311004429/http://www.crrc.am/index.php/en/8/999//10/?keyword=dram+sign&set=archive
 Dram sign, Armeniapedia—free encyclopedia http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Armenian_Dram_Sign

Currency symbols
Symbols introduced in 1995


Pittsburgh shooting may refer to:

 2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers, in which three officers were killed
 2018 Tree of Life synagogue shooting, in which eleven people were killed
 2022 Pittsburgh shooting, in which two people were killed
 2023 Pittsburgh standoff and shooting

See also
 Mass shootings in Pennsylvania


James "Jaimz" Woolvett (born April 14, 1967) is a Canadian actor. Woolvett's highest-profile role was the Schofield Kid, a near-sighted aspiring gun-fighter in Clint Eastwood's Academy Award-winning Western Unforgiven (1992).  He has a younger brother, Gordon Michael Woolvett, and a sister, Tammy Woolvett.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links
 Jaimzwoolvett.com

1967 births
Living people
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male video game actors
Canadian male voice actors
Male actors from Hamilton, Ontario
20th-century Canadian male actors
21st-century Canadian male actors


Thomas Iain Abercrombie (born 5 July 1987) is a New Zealand professional basketball player for the New Zealand Breakers of the Australian National Basketball League (NBL). A product of Westlake Boys High School in Auckland, Abercrombie had a short-lived college basketball stint with Washington State before debuting in the Australian NBL in 2008 with the Breakers. In 2011, he won his first NBL championship and earned Grand Final MVP honours. He went on to win three more championships in 2012, 2013 and 2015. Abercrombie is the Breakers' all-time leading scorer and has the most 3-pointers in club history.

Abercrombie has also played four seasons in the New Zealand NBL, and has had stints abroad in France, Spain and Turkey.

Early life and junior career
Born and raised in Auckland, New Zealand, Abercrombie attended Westlake Boys High School and played four years of school basketball. In 2005, he captained the basketball team to the title at the Secondary School National Championships. That year, he also served as the school's deputy head boy and was captain of the volleyball team.

As a junior, Abercrombie played for the North Harbour Basketball Association and represented New Zealand with the Junior Tall Blacks.

In November 2005, Abercrombie accepted a scholarship deal with Washington State University. He spent two seasons with the Cougars, redshirting his freshman season in 2006–07 before seeing action in 12 games in 2007–08. On 14 May 2008, Abercrombie was granted a release from the team to pursue his basketball career in New Zealand.

Professional career

New Zealand Breakers
After returning home following his college stint, Abercrombie joined the New Zealand Breakers in the Australian NBL as a development player for the 2008–09 season. He played 13 games in his first season with the Breakers, and was elevated to the full squad for the 2009–10 season. He missed four games in the back half of the season with an ankle injury.

In the 2010–11 season, Abercrombie helped the Breakers reach their first ever grand final series, where they defeated the Cairns Taipans 2–1 to win their maiden NBL championship. He was subsequently named the Grand Final MVP. Abercrombie went on to win three more championships with the Breakers in 2012, 2013 and 2015.

In January 2016, Abercrombie passed Kirk Penney as the club's all-time leading scorer. Due to Penney's return to the club for two seasons, Abercrombie had to pass him again in October 2018 to reach 3227 points in 276 games. In February 2019, he played his 300th NBL game.

In October 2019, Abercrombie committed to the Breakers until the end of the 2021–22 season.

In 2019–20, Abercrombie became the second player in NBL history (after Daniel Kickert in 2016–17 and 2017–18) to join the exclusive 50–40–90 club. Abercrombie averaged 12.1 points per game for the season while shooting 50.0 percent from the field, 46.5 percent from three-point range and 90.5 percent from the free throw line.

In April 2021, Abercrombie played his 355th game for the Breakers, surpassing Mika Vukona (354) to become the franchise's all-time games played leader. He also passed Kirk Penney (489) as the club's all-time leader in 3-pointers made.

Abercrombie missed most of the 2021–22 NBL season with a side strain and missed the first month of the 2022–23 NBL season after suffering a torn retina which required emergency surgery.

On 10 May 2023, Abercrombie re-signed with the Breakers for the 2023–24 NBL season. In September 2023, he played his 400th NBL game.

New Zealand NBL
In 2009, Abercrombie debuted in the New Zealand NBL with the Waikato Pistons. He helped the Pistons win the championship while claiming Rookie of the Year and All-Star Five honours. He continued on with the Pistons in 2010 and earned All-Star Five honours again while helping the Pistons make a second consecutive grand final appearance. He returned to the Pistons for a third season in 2011 and once again earned All-Star Five honours.

In 2019, Abercrombie played half a season with the Wellington Saints and helped them win a championship while claiming Grand Final MVP honours.

Overseas stints
During the 2013 NBL off-season, Abercrombie took part in mini-camp opportunities with NBA teams such as the San Antonio Spurs, Milwaukee Bucks, Houston Rockets and Dallas Mavericks. He then joined the Phoenix Suns for the NBA Summer League.

Following the 2013–14 NBL season, Abercrombie had a stint in France with ASVEL Basket. He went on to have similar post-NBL season stints the following three years, playing for Gipuzkoa Basket in Spain in 2015, and then having two stints in Turkey with Pınar Karşıyaka (2016) and Büyükçekmece Basketbol (2017).

National team career
Abercrombie made his debut for the Tall Blacks in 2006. In 2007, he represented New Zealand at the World University Games. He played for the Tall Blacks at the 2010 FIBA World Championship and 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup. In 2018, he won a bronze medal at the Commonwealth Games. His last appearance for the Tall Blacks came at the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup. He retired from international play in June 2023 after 110 appearances for the Tall Blacks.

Personal
Abercrombie is the son of Colin and Judy. He is the oldest of three children, with brother Hayden and sister Nicola. Abercrombie and his wife Monique have three children.

Abercrombie studied a Bachelor of Science at Massey University.

References

External links
New Zealand Breakers player profile
Washington State bio
LNB.fr profile
NBL stats

1987 births
Living people
ASVEL Basket players
Basketball players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Büyükçekmece Basketbol players
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for New Zealand
Commonwealth Games medallists in basketball
Gipuzkoa Basket players
Karşıyaka basketball players
Liga ACB players
New Zealand men's basketball players
New Zealand Breakers players
New Zealand expatriate basketball people in France
New Zealand expatriate basketball people in Spain
New Zealand expatriate basketball people in the United States
New Zealand expatriate basketball people in Turkey
People educated at Westlake Boys High School
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Basketball players from Auckland
Waikato Pistons players
Washington State Cougars men's basketball players
Wellington Saints players
2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup players
2010 FIBA World Championship players
2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup players
Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games


Make Me Believe is a music album of Pinoy Pop Superstar 2006 1st runner up and GMA Network talent Aicelle Santos. It was released under GMA Records and released 2 successful singles "Ikaw Pa Rin" and "Make Me Believe".

Track Listing
 Ikaw Pa Rin (Video)
 Lyrics & Music by: Janno Gibbs / Arranged by: Marvin Querido
 Lullabies
 Lyrics & Music by: Francis Salazar / Arranged by: Albert Tamayo
 Make Me Believe (Video)
 Lyrics & Music by: Francis Salazar / Arranged by: Melvin Morallos
 All Gone (My Lingering's Over)
 Lyrics by: Aicelle Santos / Music by: Ryan Padecio & Mike Delos Reyes / Arranged by: Marvin Querido
 A House Is Not A Home
 Lyrics by: Hal David / Music by: Burt Bacharach / Arranged by: Marvin Querido
 Nasaan
 Lyrics & Music by: Vehnee Saturno / Arranged by: Marc Santos
 Give Me One More Reason
 Lyrics & Music by: Vehnee Saturno / Arranged by: Jun Tamayo
 Tunay Bang Iibigin
 Lyrics by: Aicelle Santos / Music by: Ryan Padecio, Redj Saguin, & Mike Delos Reyes / Arranged by: Jun Tamayo
 Kung Bakit Ngayon
 Lyrics & Music by: Vehnee Saturno / Arranged by: Marc Santos
 All The Man That I Need
 Lyrics by: Dean Pitchford / Music by: Michael Gore
 Maghihintay
 Lyrics & Music by: Tata Betita

Singles Released

See also
GMA Network

References

2005 debut albums
GMA Music albums


"A Woman's Touch" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in July 1996 as the second single from his 1996 album Blue Moon.  It peaked at number 6 in the United States, and number 11 in Canada. Keith wrote this song with Wayne Perry.

Critical reception
Larry Flick, of Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably saying that "Keith's warm baritone wraps around the lyric and brings the song to life with the authority of a man who has been there."

Chart positions
"A Woman's Touch" debuted at number 73 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of July 13, 1996.

Year-end charts

References

1996 singles
Toby Keith songs
Songs written by Toby Keith
A&M Records singles
Songs written by Wayne Perry (country music)
1996 songs


Johannes "Jan" Nortje (born 11 April 1975) is a South African professional kickboxer, mixed martial artist and undefeated professional boxer who has fought for Strikeforce, DREAM, K-1, Inoki Genome Federation, PRIDE Fighting Championship and New Japan Pro-Wrestling.

He has fought the likes of Jérôme Le Banner, Gary Goodridge, and K-1 Champions Mirko Cro Cop, Ernesto Hoost, Peter Aerts and Semmy Schilt. His last MMA fight was a loss against Rameau Thierry Sokoudjou at DREAM.9.

He lost to Lechi Kurbanov by way of an extension round split decision on 29 June 2013 in Grozny, Chechnya.

Mixed martial arts record

|-
| Loss
| align=center| 2–6
| Sokoudjou
| TKO (punches)
| DREAM 9
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:30
| Yokohama, Japan
| DREAM Super Hulk Grand Prix Opening Round; Super Heavyweight bout.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 2–5
| Bob Sapp
| TKO (punches)
| Strikeforce: At The Dome
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:55
| Tacoma, Washington, United States
| Super Heavyweight bout.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 1–5
| Gary Goodridge
| TKO (punches)
| Hero's 8
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:00
| Nagoya, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 1–4
| Masayuki Naruse
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| K-1
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:40
| Nagoya, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 1–3
| Shinsuke Nakamura
| TKO (submission to strikes)
| NJPW Ultimate Crush
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 3:12
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 1–2
| Tadao Yasuda
| TKO (soccer kicks)
| Inoki Bom-Ba-Ye 2002
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 0:57
| Saitama, Saitama, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 0–2
| Yoshihisa Yamamoto
| Submission (armbar)
| PRIDE 18
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:43
| Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 0–1
| Gary Goodridge
| Submission (armbar)
| K-1 Andy Memorial 2001 Japan GP Final
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:11
| Saitama, Saitama, Japan
|

K-1 kickboxing record

Professional boxing record

Titles
Former South African Kickboxing Superheavyweight Champion
Former All-African Heavyweight Champion
K-1 2007 World Grandprix in Hawaii Semi Finalist

References

External links

Profile at K-1
Jan Nortje Official PRIDE Profile

1975 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Cape Town
Afrikaner people
Kickboxing trainers
South African male mixed martial artists
Super heavyweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing boxing
South African male kickboxers
Heavyweight kickboxers
Heavyweight boxers
South African male professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Potchefstroom
South African male boxers


Mitford is an unincorporated community in Fairfield County, South Carolina, United States.  Its altitude is 568 feet (173 m).

References

Unincorporated communities in Fairfield County, South Carolina
Unincorporated communities in South Carolina
Columbia metropolitan area (South Carolina)


Aleksandar Radunović (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Радуновић; born 9 May 1980) is a Serbian former footballer who serves as an assistant coach at Polish club Piast Gliwice.

Beside his home clubs FK Radnički Beograd and FK Budućnost Valjevo, Radunović previously played for ŁKS Łódź in the Polish Ekstraklasa. and also with Korona Kielce.

References

External links
 Aleksandar Radunović Stats at Utakmica.rs

1980 births
Living people
People from Novi Bečej
Footballers from Central Banat District
Serbian men's footballers
FK Radnički Beograd players
FK Budućnost Valjevo players
Korona Kielce players
ŁKS Łódź players
FK BSK Borča players
FK Radnički Šid players
Serbian SuperLiga players
I liga players
Expatriate men's footballers in Poland
Men's association football defenders
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Serbia and Montenegro men's footballers
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate men's footballers
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in Poland


Dragan Žarković (; born 16 April 1986) is a Serbian football defender.

Youth years
Born in Belgrade, SR Serbia, Žarković started playing and have spent 10 years in youth ranks of in his hometown club FK Obilić.

Senior career
He turned professional in Obilić, but has gained first experience in Mladi Obilić, playing in third rank of Serbian football. Next year Žarković has spent in another Belgrade based 3rd league club Grafičar, where he has attracted attention to newly promoted second league club BSK Borča. With BSK, he has earned promotion to Serbian major league in 2010. In season 2011–12 he played in Shahrdari Tabriz in Azadegan League. After one year abroad, his new destination was his homeland; after two matches for FK Hajduk Kula he went on to Novi Pazar. After parting with Novi Pazar, Žarković has wore jersey of Târgu Mureș in second league of Romania for six months.

On 28 June 2019, Žarković returned to Cypriot club Ermis Aradippou FC. However, he was released on 12 November 2019 due to personal reasons.

References

External links
 Dragan Žarković Stats and bio at Utakmica.rs

1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Belgrade
Serbian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
FK BSK Borča players
Serbian SuperLiga players
FK Mladi Obilić players
Shahrdari Tabriz F.C. players
FK Hajduk Kula players
FK Novi Pazar players
FK Napredak Kruševac players
FK Radnik Surdulica players
ASA 2013 Târgu Mureș players
Ermis Aradippou FC players
Nea Salamis Famagusta FC players
Cypriot First Division players
OFK Bačka players
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Iran
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Iran
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus


Western Bolivian Guarani, known locally as Simba and Simba Guarani, is a Guarani language spoken in Bolivia, in the Chuquisaca Department north of the Pilcomayo River.

Western Bolivian Guarani is one of a number of "Guarani dialects" considered distinct languages by Ethnologue: Chiripá, Eastern Bolivian Guarani, Mbyá Guarani, Aché, Kaiwá, Xetá, and Paraguayan Guaraní. Of these, Paraguayan Guaraní is by far the most widely spoken variety and it is often referred to simply as Guaraní.

References

Languages of Bolivia
Guarani languages
Chaco linguistic area


Borislav Topić (, born 22 May 1984) is a Bosnian former football defender.

Club career
Born in Prijedor he begin playing in his home-town club FK Rudar Prijedor where he played until 2006, when he moved to Serbia by signing with FK BSK Borča.  After 4 seasons with BSK Borča, the first 3 playing in the Serbian First League and the last one at highest level, Serbian SuperLiga, he moved to Romania by signing with Liga I side FCM Târgu Mureș.

International career
He was part of the Bosnia and Herzegovina U-19 team.

0Pplklpkko

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
People from Prijedor
Sportspeople from Banja Luka Region
Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Men's association football defenders
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's footballers
FK Rudar Prijedor players
FK BSK Borča players
ASA 2013 Târgu Mureș players
FK Novi Pazar players
NK Jedinstvo Bihać players
Nõmme Kalju FC players
SSU Politehnica Timișoara players
Serbian SuperLiga players
Liga I players
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina players
Meistriliiga players
Esiliiga players
Liga II players
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Serbia
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Serbia
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Expatriate men's footballers in Estonia
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Estonia


Branislav Milošević (Serbian Cyrillic: Бранислав Милошевић; born 13 May 1988) is a Serbian football defender who plays for Radnički 1923 Kragujevac in the Serbian SuperLiga.

He previously played with Teleoptik, Javor Ivanjica, BSK Borča, and Rad.

References

External links

 Branislav Milošević Stats at Utakmica.rs

1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Valjevo
Serbian men's footballers
FK Teleoptik players
FK Javor Ivanjica players
FK BSK Borča players
FK Rad players
FK Proleter Novi Sad players
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in the Czech Republic
Serbian SuperLiga players
Czech First League players
FK Dukla Prague players
Expatriate men's footballers in the Czech Republic
Men's association football defenders


Harry Robert Stoneback (July 14, 1941 - December 22, 2021) was an American academic, poet, and folk singer. A Hemingway, Durrell, and Faulkner scholar of international distinction, Stoneback — who, as an itinerant musician in the early 1960s, collaborated with Jerry Jeff Walker (a period immortalized in Walker's 1970 song "Stoney") and played with Bob Dylan at Gerde's Folk City shortly after Dylan's arrival in New York — is best known for illuminating the religious and folkloric undertones of Modernist and allied regional literatures in more than 100 essays. In 2002, Joe Haldeman characterized Stoneback as the "eminence grise" of Hemingway studies. He served as president of the Ernest Hemingway Society from 2014 to 2017. Beginning in the 1990s, Stoneback also played an integral role in the critical reappraisal of Richard Aldington and Elizabeth Madox Roberts, co-editing two anthologies of literary criticism about Roberts and serving as honorary director of the Elizabeth Madox Roberts Society.

A former senior Fulbright scholar at Peking University, Saint-John Perse fellow of the French-American Foundation in Aix-en-Provence and visiting professor at the University of Paris (where he concurrently served as director of the now-defunct American Center for Students and Artists), he primarily taught at the State University of New York at New Paltz from 1969 onward, retiring as distinguished teaching professor emeritus of English in 2019. Concurrently, he served as curator of the Norman Studer Archives at the college (as an affiliate of its now-defunct Carl Carmer Center for Catskill Mountain and Hudson River Studies) from 1978 to 2001. A 1965 graduate of Rutgers University–Camden, he subsequently earned an M.A. in English from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa before receiving his Ph.D. in the discipline from Vanderbilt University in 1970.

Commenting on Stoneback's Hemingway's Paris: Our Paris?, Valerie Hemingway (a writer and longtime Stoneback friend who served as Ernest Hemingway's private secretary in 1959-60 prior to a 1967-89 marriage to Gloria Hemingway) wrote, "H.R. Stoneback knows his Hemingway and his Paris. I had the incomparable experience of visiting Paris twice while working for Ernest Hemingway in 1959. I viewed the city at the side of the writer while he added the finishing touches to A Moveable Feast. Professor Stoneback's evocation of Hemingway's Paris of the 1920s is as close as I have come since to reliving those Paris days in the company of Ernest Hemingway. Reading this book will be a treat for all who love Hemingway and Paris, and a pleasant surprise for all readers."

Throughout his academic and literary career, Stoneback continued to perform in a nightclub-oriented folk/country duo with his wife, Jane Arden "Sparrow" Stoneback, under the imprimatur of Stoney and Sparrow. According to a 2019 obituary, they "played all over the United States, and they have the distinction of having the first English language album to sell over 1 million copies in China." The couple "lived in Nashville during [Stoneback's] years as a [doctoral] student at Vanderbilt, and they were very active in the Nashville music scene." Stoneback "often included original song performances at the poetry readings he gave across the country."

Recent publications
Hemingway's Paris: Our Paris? New Street Communications, LLC. 2010.
Hurricane Hymn & Other Poems. Codhill Press, 2009.

References

1941 births
2021 deaths
American academics of English literature
American literary critics
Vanderbilt University alumni
Academic staff of the University of Paris
State University of New York faculty


Ivan Obrovac (; born 8 December 1986) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for FK Mačva 1929 Bogatić.

Career
Born in Šabac, Obrovac started out at Rad, making his senior debut in the 2003–04 season. He later played for BSK Borča, Radnički Kragujevac, Hajduk Kula, Novi Pazar and Mačva Šabac in the Serbian SuperLiga. In June 2019, Obrovac signed with Mladost Lučani.

Honours
Mačva Šabac
 Serbian League West: 2015–16

Notes

References

External links
 Srbijafudbal profile

Men's association football midfielders
FK BSK Borča players
FK Hajduk Kula players
FK Mačva Šabac players
FK Mladost Lučani players
FK Novi Pazar players
FK Palilulac Beograd players
FK Rad players
FK Radnički 1923 players
FK Radnički Obrenovac players
Serbia and Montenegro men's footballers
Serbian First League players
Serbian men's footballers
Serbian SuperLiga players
Sportspeople from Šabac
1986 births
Living people


Queen Elizabeth II Quay, also known as QE II Quay () and by residents as the Deep Water Quay, is a locality in Freetown, Sierra Leone. It is located on a promontory called Fourah Point (also known variously as Farran Point, Farren Point, and Foura Point) on the southern bank of the estuary of the Sierra Leone River between Destruction Bay and Cline Bay within the suburb of Cline Town directly to the east of central Freetown.  It is the larger of two harbors within Freetown, the other harbor known as Government Wharf, Freetown Port, or simply "the harbor" and  is Freetown's more centrally located harbor.

Queen Elizabeth II Quay has sometimes been the called the "third largest natural harbor in the world"— this is inaccurate in two respects: 1.) the QE II Quay is not itself a natural harbor but a man-made port or "quay", and 2.) the quay is a very small feature of the river estuary on which it was built— it is this estuary which has carved out what is the largest natural harbor on the African continent.

This still puts this harbor behind Port Jackson in Sydney, Australia, and several natural harbors claiming the title for world's second largest, including Halifax Harbour in Nova Scotia, Poole Harbour in Dorset, southern England, and Cork Harbour in County Cork, Ireland.  The government of Sierra Leone assumed management of the Quay in 1964. It decided to privatize the property in 2007, converting the port from a "service" port into a "land lord" port.

Design and history

Construction of the quay began in 1953 on what was once called Fourah Bay.  Estimates in the British House of Commons in 1955 were that the quay would cost around £1,470,000.  By 1960 the entire bay was filled in, creating a large uninhabited reclamation area to the south.  The final structure is  end to end with a draught allowance of .  The Sierra Leone Railway used to have a large terminal and headquarters nearby  but these  were removed in the 1970s.

The quay includes six numbered berths designed to accommodate either passenger or cargo ships, and has several warehouses and extensive outdoor storage space. Repeated military invasions of Freetown during the 1991-2002 Sierra Leone Civil War resulted in significant damage to the quay's facilities in the late 1990s, including a crater within berth 5 which remained inoperable and under repair ten years later.

The port has never had adequate equipment for the loading and unloading of cargo, and has faced numerous other structural and organizational problems: on October 29 of 2007, for example, the port's then only forklift broke down after being filled with gasoline which had been diluted with water, causing a 48-hour total standstill in the movement of cargo containers, and Sierra Leonians have complained to the country's president about chronic corruption at the quay.   the port's stevedoring facilities include two forklifts, one "super-reacher", four reach stackers, five German MAFI trucks (each with a carrying capacity of 50 tons), one tug master, one pilot cutter, and a fire engine.  It has ship chandler facilities, but no shipyard.  The Chinese company Tidfore is investing $700 million to improve the quay's infrastructure.  China has invested more than any other country in Sierra Leone's economy.

Though formally numbered 1 through 6, the quay actually contains seven berths, assigned the numbers 1, 1A, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.  Berths 1, 1A, and 2 each include one small storage shed; berths 3 and 4 each contain one large warehouse; berths 5 and 6 consist only of outdoor cargo stacking areas.

On September 26 of 2009 the ro-ro vessel MV Oriental Hero, a Hong Kong-based cargo ship flying a Panamanian flag of convenience and carrying a cargo of trucks, trailers, and bagged cement collided with and damaged berth 1A and 2.  Berth 2 remained operational but part of berth 1A had to be closed for repairs. The impact was strong enough to form cracks in the quay's administrative building.

References

Geography of Freetown
Wharves
Water transport in Sierra Leone


Predrag Živadinović (Serbian Cyrillic: Пpeдpaг Живaдинoвић; born 7 July 1983) is a Serbian football striker, currently playing for FK Sušica Kragujevac.

Honours
Mladost Lučani
Serbian First League: 2013–14

External sources
 Profile at Srbijafudbal.

1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Kragujevac
Serbian men's footballers
KF Bashkimi (1947–2008) players
Expatriate men's footballers in North Macedonia
FK BSK Borča players
Serbian First League players
Serbian SuperLiga players
FK Radnički 1923 players
FK Metalac Gornji Milanovac players
FK Mladost Lučani players
FK Šumadija 1903 players
Men's association football forwards


Miloš Milivojević (; born 17 November 1986) is a Serbian football striker.

He played with FK Lokomotiva Beograd, FK BSK Borča, FK Mladi Radnik, FK Javor Ivanjica and FK Jedinstvo Užice.

References

External links
 Miloš Milivojević Stats at Utakmica.rs

1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Belgrade
Serbian men's footballers
Serbian SuperLiga players
FK BSK Borča players
FK Mladi Radnik players
FK Javor Ivanjica players
FK Jedinstvo Užice players
Men's association football forwards


the Nile (May 5, 2006 – March 18, 2019) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who came second in the 2009 Kentucky Derby and sired the 2015 Triple Crown winner American Pharoah, as well as 2016 Champion 2-Year-Old Colt Classic Empire.

Background
 the Nile was a bay horse bred in Kentucky by its owner, Zayat Stables. He was sired by 2003 Belmont Stakes winner, Empire Maker. His dam, Star of Goshen, was a stakes-winning daughter of Lord at War, a multiple grade I winner whose victories included the 1985 Santa Anita Handicap. During his racing career, the colt was trained first by Bill Mott, and then by Bob Baffert.

 the Nile's unusual name owes to the fact that The Jockey Club limits application submissions to 18 characters, including spaces; thus Zayat Stables dropped a space between "Pioneer" and "of".

At a 2007 yearling auction, the as-yet-unnamed  the Nile was bought back by Zayat for $290,000 after failing to achieve bids commensurate with the owner's expectations.  He matured to stand .

Racing career

2008: two-year-old-season
As a two-year-old,  the Nile debuted August 4, 2008, in a Maiden Special Weight (1 1/16 of a mile on turf) at Saratoga, where he finished fourth, beaten two lengths and a half. His next race was on August 25, another 1 1/16 of a mile turf Maiden Special Weight at Saratoga. He jumped in the air at the break and stayed in seventh of the nine-horse field before moving up and challenging for the lead on the turn, gaining the lead off of the turn, and going on to win by a length with a time of 1:41.59.

His next start came in the Grade I Breeders' Futurity Stakes at Keeneland, where he stayed in last of the eleven runners before making a bold move on the far turn. He flattened out in the stretch to finish third, beaten 8 lengths by Square Eddie and Terrain. He then started as the eleventh choice (in a field of twelve) in the Breeders' Cup Juvenile, which was held at Santa Anita Park that year. He broke well, settled in mid-pack before being checked slightly on the first turn, and raced evenly in fifth on the backstretch. He made a mild bid on the turn, and while he made no impression on the leaders, he battled with the rest of the field to finish an even fifth, 2 3/4 lengths behind the winner, Midshipman.

Zayat Stables then switched Pioneerof the Nile to trainer Bob Baffert, with whom they had split with earlier in the year. "There's nothing like a good horse to help smooth over some of those hurt feelings," Baffert said. Ironically, Midshipman, with whom Baffert had won the Breeders' Cup Juvenile, was given to another trainer the same month as he was given Pioneerof the Nile. Pioneerof the Nile's first start for Baffert came in the CashCall Futurity, on December 20 at Hollywood Park. He started as the 1.40 favorite against a field 11 other two-year-olds. He broke evenly, and settled in fifth, about eight lengths off the lead. He moved up to third before the far turn and unleashed a rally and battled with I Want Revenge to win by a head in a final time of 1:41.95 for 1 1/16 miles. After the race, Baffert stated: “When he first got here I was trying to figure him out. Bill Mott sent him to me in great shape... When he takes the lead, he wants to pull himself up. He started doing that today, but as soon as the other horse came to him, he dug right back in again." His jockey, Garrett Gomez, said: "They told me in the paddock he's still a bit green and likes to wait on horses. When he saw that other horse (I Want Revenge) coming on the inside he really dug in."

2009: three-year-old season

 the Nile began his three-year-old season in the Robert B. Lewis Stakes, on February 7 at Santa Anita Park. He faced eight other three-year-olds, including previous rival and CashCall Futurity runner-up I Want Revenge. He broke well, and settled in sixth, about seven lengths behind a quick pace. He began to move up on the far turn, but entering the stretch, he still had about three lengths to make up. He determinedly ran down the leaders to win by a half length over Papa Clem, with a final time of 1:41.90. Baffert said: "With the trip he had, Gomez said he should have run third." His next start came in the San Felipe Stakes, against a mediocre field of six. He broke well, pulled his way up to pressure the front runner, New Bay, before moving alongside him on the turn, then took the lead in the stretch and opened up to win by 1 1/4 lengths, with a final time of 1:43.35. “He’s becoming very professional... I like what I saw today." Baffert said of the win.

On April 4,  the Nile started in the Santa Anita Derby, in what was slated to be a showdown between him and Sham Stakes winner The Pamplemousse. But with The Pamplemousse's scratch due to injury the morning of the race, his main competition was El Camino Real Derby winner Chocolate Candy.  the Nile broke well, was checked slightly behind a horse on the first turn, and was in fourth position on the backstretch. He then began to pull at the bridle, until he tugged himself to the lead, where he settled down and finally stopped tugging. Feisty Suances took the lead, with  the Nile a length behind in second. When they entered the stretch,  the Nile took the lead, and started to pull clear, but had to withstand a late charge from Chocolate Candy.  the Nile crossed the wire a length in front, with a final time of 1:49.17. Gomez, who said afterwards that he could not hold  the Nile back on the backstretch, said: "We won, but it wasn't really the way we wanted to do it."

On April 16,  the Nile arrived at Churchill Downs for the Kentucky Derby. He breezed twice over the track before the Kentucky Derby, with Baffert saying that he was pleased with his works. The Kentucky Derby would be  the Nile's first start on dirt, with all his prior races having been on turf or synthetic surfaces. Baffert didn't think it would bother the horse, stating: "He's got a long stride as it is, but he really moves better over the dirt." On May 2,  the Nile started from post 16, as the third choice, against a field of eighteen other colts. The track was sealed, and listed as sloppy. He broke very well, was bumped slightly, moved up to co-third with Papa Clem, where he settled down the backstretch, outside and about three lengths behind the leaders. around the far turn, he began to make his move, and took a short lead mid-stretch. Mine That Bird, a 50-1 long shot, moved up the rail and quickly opened up a large lead.  the Nile battled with the rest of the field and held second by a nose over Musket Man, but was 6 3/4 lengths behind Mine That Bird.

 the Nile started next on May 16 in the Preakness Stakes, where he faced Mine That Bird again, along with impressive Kentucky Oaks winner Rachel Alexandra. He was the second choice, behind heavy favorite Rachel Alexandra. He broke well, moved up to fourth, and stayed within striking distance of the leaders down the backstretch. He had to go wide on the turn, and began to fade, eventually eased being mid-stretch to finish eleventh in a thirteen horse field.

Stud career
 the Nile was retired from racing after a soft tissue injury in July 2009. He first stood at the Vinery Stud in Lexington, Kentucky, in 2010 for a stud fee of $17,500. Zayat retained a 75% interest in the stallion, where he usually keeps a 25% share.
His first crop of foals began racing in 2013. From his first crop he sired Derby prospects Cairo Prince, winner of the 2013 Nashua Stakes and the 2014 Holy Bull Stakes, Social Inclusion, an allowance winner who finished 3rd in the 2014 Wood Memorial and Preakness Stakes, and Vinceremos, winner of the 2014 Sam F. Davis Stakes and second-place finisher in the Tampa Bay Derby. Vinceremos was the only one of the three to make it to the Kentucky Derby, finishing 17th  In his second season at stud he sired the 2014 American Champion Two-Year-Old Male Horse American Pharoah, who became an eight-time-grade I winner and the 12th U.S. Triple Crown winner in 2015. In 2016, his son Classic Empire won the Breeders' Futurity and Breeders' Cup Juvenile, earning the title of Champion Two-Year-Old Colt. Classic Empire went on to win the 2017 Arkansas Derby, before finishing a troubled fourth in the Kentucky Derby, and then suffering a head defeat in the Preakness Stakes.

 the Nile stood at WinStar Farm. In 2015 his fee was increased to $60,000. Following the racing success of American Pharoah, in October 2015, it was announced that  the Nile's stud fee had more than doubled, and he would stand the 2016 season for a fee of $125,000, though Justin Zayat, son of Ahmed Zayat, said offers as high as $150,000 had been entertained for 2016. For 2017, his stud fee was set at $110,000.

Notable progeny

c = colt, f = filly, g = gelding

Death
After breeding a mare on the morning of March 18, 2019, Pioneerof the Nile began acting uncomfortable once he was back in his stall. WinStar Farm immediately loaded him in a trailer to transport him to the vet clinic, but the stallion died en route. A necropsy was performed on his body, revealing that Pioneerof the Nile suffered a heart attack.

Race record

References

External links
  the Nile's pedigree and partial racing stats
  the Nile at the NTRA

2006 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Racehorses trained in the United States
Thoroughbred family 21-a
2019 racehorse deaths


Enver Alivodić (; born 27 December 1984) is a Serbian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Club career

Early years
Alivodić started out at his hometown club Novi Pazar, making his senior debuts in 2001. He also spent some time on loan at Radnički Niš (2002), before moving to Čukarički in the summer of 2004. In his debut season at the club, Alivodić scored three goals from 27 appearances in the top flight, but failed to save them from relegation. He remained with Čukarički for two more years, playing regularly in the second tier, before returning to his parent club.

In the 2009 winter transfer window, Alivodić was transferred to fellow Serbian First League side BSK Borča, helping them win promotion to the Serbian SuperLiga. He scored a hat-trick in a 4–0 home league win over Inđija on 9 April 2011.

In the summer of 2011, Alivodić moved abroad to play for Cypriot club Enosis Neon Paralimni. He was their regular member in the 2011–12 season, helping them avoid relegation from the top flight. Shortly after, Alivodić moved back to Novi Pazar.

Vojvodina
On 18 January 2013, Alivodić signed with Vojvodina on a two-year contract. He made his debut for the club on 27 February, playing the full 90 minutes in a 2–1 away league win against Smederevo. Three days later, on 2 March, Alivodić netted his first goal for the side, scoring the opener in an eventual 2–1 home win over Spartak Subotica. He also found the back of the net in a 2–1 league win over Partizan on 7 April. Subsequently, Alivodić took part in the final of the 2012–13 Serbian Cup, as Vojvodina lost 0–1 to Jagodina. He later scored a goal in a 3–0 win over Red Star Belgrade in the last fixture of the 2012–13 Serbian SuperLiga, as the team finished in third place.

On 11 July 2013, Alivodić netted his first goal of the season in a 3–2 home win over Maltese side Hibernians in the return leg of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League first qualifying round. He subsequently scored in the second leg of the following round, as Vojvodina celebrated a 3–1 win away against Budapest Honvéd in Hungary. In the 2013–14 Serbian SuperLiga, Alivodić was the team's joint top scorer with five goals. He also scored the opener against Jagodina in the final of the 2013–14 Serbian Cup, as Vojvodina won the game 2–0.

During his stay at the Stadion Karađorđe, Alivodić collected 73 appearances and netted 19 goals in all competitions.

Newcastle Jets
In February 2015, Alivodić move abroad for the second time and joined A-League club Newcastle Jets. He made his debut for the side in a 0–0 home draw with Central Coast Mariners, coming on as a substitute for Radovan Pavicevic. On 21 March 2015, Alivodić scored his first goal for the Jets, opening the scoring in his team's 2–1 win away against Western Sydney. He eventually signed a one-year contract extension with the club in April 2015. In his second season at Newcastle, Alivodić only missed one game in the league, collecting 26 appearances and scoring two goals in the process.

Later years
In July 2016, Alivodić returned to Novi Pazar, being named captain. He was the team's top scorer in the first half of the 2016–17 Serbian SuperLiga, netting six goals in 19 games. In January 2017, Alivodić signed a six-month deal with fellow SuperLiga club Napredak Kruševac. He eventually stayed until the end of the year.

In early 2018, Alivodić moved abroad for the third time and joined Greek club Apollon Smyrni. He appeared in just two games before returning to Napredak Kruševac for the 2018–19 season. In August 2019, Alivodić rejoined his parent club Novi Pazar after almost three years.

After 2019/2020 season Alivodić retired from football at age 35.

After the retirement, Alivodić moved to Denmark with his family, because his wife and children had Danish passports, since his wife was raised in the country. In 2020, Alivodić played for Danish amateur club Horsens fS, while he moved to another Danish amateur club, Horsens United, in March 2021.

International career
On 29 January 2017, Alivodić made his international debut for Serbia, coming on as a second-half substitute for Saša Jovanović in a goalless draw against the United States in San Diego. He thus became the oldest player to make his debut for Serbia at 32 years, one month, and two days.

Statistics

Club

International

Honours

Club
BSK Borča
 Serbian First League: 2008–09
Vojvodina
 Serbian Cup: 2013–14

References

External links

A-League Men players
Apollon Smyrnis F.C. players
Men's association football forwards
Men's association football midfielders
Cypriot First Division players
Enosis Neon Paralimni FC players
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Expatriate men's soccer players in Australia
Expatriate men's footballers in Denmark
First League of Serbia and Montenegro players
FK BSK Borča players
FK Čukarički players
FK Napredak Kruševac players
FK Novi Pazar players
FK Radnički Niš players
FK Vojvodina players
Newcastle Jets FC players
Serbia men's international footballers
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Australia
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Denmark
Serbian First League players
Serbian men's footballers
Serbian SuperLiga players
Footballers from Novi Pazar
Super League Greece players
1984 births
Living people
Bosniaks of Serbia