Egg on Mao: The Story of an Ordinary Man Who Defaced an Icon and Unmasked a Dictatorship is the third book by Chinese Canadian author Denise Chong. Her first publication in over a decade, it was released by Random House Canada on September 29, 2009.

As the title reflects, Egg on Mao will pick up on both the genre (historical non-fiction) and the fascinations of both of Chong's earlier books: The Concubine's Children (1994) and The Girl in the Picture: The Kim Phuc Story (1999). The theme of exploring the ordinary in extraordinary circumstances is common to all three of these works. Chong describes her attraction to this theme thus: “Freed from a fear of limitation, the writer also frees the reader, so that what is ordinary is turned, by an act of imagination, into the extraordinary.”

Egg on Mao tells the story of Lu Decheng, a bus mechanic, who challenged China's autocratic system by defacing a portrait of Chairman Mao Zedong during the 1989 protests in Tiananmen Square.

Genre
Published in 2009 by Random House of Canada, Egg on Mao is categorized under current affairs, history, international, and China, not as a fictional book. This book has been criticized for its lack of commitment to a specific genre.

Synopsis
The story opens with three men  – Lu Decheng, Yu Dongyue, and Yu Zhijian – who have just defaced Mao Zedong's portrait in Tiananmen Square in 1989. Decheng, Dongyue, and Zhijian are three friends from Southern China who have traveled to Beijing to express their sentiment and bitterness towards the Chinese Communist Party. The leading character, Decheng, is the activist on which this book is inspired upon. As the story unfolds, discontent and frustration are shown through Decheng's life and the people surrounding him – from the education reforms of the Cultural Revolution to the Protest of 1989. Decheng's friend, Zhijan, a fellow activist who took part in defacing the portrait, express the reasons why the three vandalized the portrait: “to motivate the student leadership to question the legitimacy of the Communist regime itself, and therefore its very authority to impose a state of martial law.” Throughout the book, Chong reveals events in Decheng's life that lead up his decision – from his refusal to cry on cue with his classmates after Mao's death to hearing about the brutality of the Chinese Communist Party from his grandmother. After the activists’ act of vandalism, the three are sentenced to prison. During his imprisonment, Decheng's wife divorces him. Years later, upon his return to Liuyang, Hunan, he remarries. The story has alternating chapters, shifting through periods of Decheng's life, from his time in prison to memories earlier in his adolescent years. The book ends with the moments leading up to the defacing of Mao's portrait.

Intentions
Upon Lu Decheng's release after serving nine years in prison, Chong was contacted by an editor at Random House Canada, who wanted her to commission a book on human rights in China. Seeing how changes in China have taken place so rapidly since 1989, Chong wanted to write about the issues of democracy and human rights, topics that are less prevalent today among China's international trading partners. Speaking in an interview, she said: “In the unseemly rush of the West to do business there, [has] human rights lost its profile? There never is a more urgent narrative than human rights and democracy in China.” Chong saw the need to portray another aspect of Chinese society. “I saw a personal story about human rights, set in a state that bans dissent and protest, as a chance to understand the morality that is at the core of being human.” For Chong, Egg on Mao was written with the intention of helping Westerners to better understand the issue of democracy and human rights in China.

Research
Chong left for China in May 2007, to gather more information. Interviews with several residents of Liuyang and various people, including Yu Dongyue, were the bulk of her research. Other works from scholars, writers, journalists, filmmakers, photographers, and artists complemented her research. The difficulty of getting interviewers due to their fear of state persecution and interpreters to translate the conversations made secrecy a top priority. To ensure the safety of those who are connected to Dongyue's story, Chong refuses to comment on the conversations and persons involved. She recognizes the imprecision and omissions of translation and takes full responsibility for any shortcomings. Chong recalls her experience of obtaining information while researching:
“Just the very fact that I had to be so cautious and clandestine about it speaks volumes to the worry about the state… you still cannot show any dissidence. Certainly much has changed, certainly you can talk much more openly in private. But don’t you dare oppose the regime in public!”

Reception
The cover of this book features a paint-splattered picture of Mao Zedong's face with the caption: “the story of an ordinary man who defaced an icon and unmasked a dictatorship.” This has led some to believe Egg on Mao is an anti-China book. As Chong states, “What I heard most often was, ‘Is this a China-bashing book?.’” According to Chong, fear of offending Beijing – in the West – has led to some uncomfortable reactions. A pre-organized interview with a Chinese-language television station was cancelled; and a Canadian nonprofit economic development group which had sponsored a fund-raiser featuring Chong downplayed its association to her.
A telephone interview with a library employee from the United States Library of Congress reveals this trepidation was shared in America. Allegedly, the unnamed employee acknowledged the Library of Congress's refusal to hold an event with Chong because of the sensitivity of her book; another factor in the decision was the Library of Congress's new relationship with the National Library of China.
In Donna Bailey Nurse's review of Egg on Mao, she criticizes the book's descriptive language of Chinese aphorisms as awkward and flat, especially during dialogue between characters. Nurse calls Chong's commitment to the various genres: biography, bildungsroman, political history, and roman as flaws in her book. However, she praises Chong's intent and sincerity of writing Decheng's story, stating that it does much to minimize the flaws. In response to Nurse's critique, Jim Munson, a Senator of Ottawa and a retired journalist, said:
“I feel Ms. Chong captured the human story of a repressive China then and now. She took great risks in returning to China to capture the real story behind the story, the one about truth and decency. The saga of Mr. Lu, an ordinary bus mechanic transformed into a prisoner of conscience, is a powerful human-rights story. It's important we listen.”

Jim Munson spent five years in China as a reporter and witnessed the defacing of Mao Zedong's portrait by Decheng and his peers.
In The China Beat's review of Egg on Mao, the various genres of this book are cited as having benefits and drawbacks. The personal approach of Decheng's determination to express opinions at variance with the state provides an in-depth perspective of life in China at that time, but since Egg on Mao is written through the eyes of one ordinary man, the room for bias and variance of perspectives are plentiful.

References

2009 non-fiction books
Books critical of communism
Canadian non-fiction books
Asian-Canadian literature
Canadian history books


NH 90

 National Highway 90 (India)
 NHI NH90, medium-sized, twin-engine, multi-role military helicopter  manufactured by NHIndustries.


Rundāle Parish () is an administrative unit of Bauska Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia.

Towns, villages and settlements of Rundāle Parish

References

Parishes of Latvia
Bauska Municipality
Semigallia


Noel Martin Kennaby was Dean of St Albans from 1964 until 1973. He was born on 22 December 1905, educated at Queens' College, Cambridge and ordained in 1930. His first post was as a curate at Epsom after which he was priest in charge of Christ Church, Scarborough then Vicar of St Andrew’s Handsworth. In 1943 he became Rural Dean of Tynemouth and then Provost of Newcastle. His last post before his appointment to the deanery was as senior chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury. He died on 22 January 1994.

References

1905 births
Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge
Provosts and Deans of Newcastle
Deans of St Albans
1994 deaths


Skaistkalne Parish () is an administrative unit of Bauska Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia. Prior to the 2009 administrative reforms it was part of Bauska District.

History
The present territory of Skaistkalne Parish is located in the ancient Medene land.

The name derives from the name of the first owner Herman Schönberg (from  - "beautiful mountain"). Until 1925 the parish was called Shenberg's Parish.

In the territory of the present day Skaistkalne parish, there was historically a manor house of Annelsele (Gut Hahns-Memelshof, Mēmele), Jaunsaule Manor ( Gut Neu-Rahden , Saules), Schoenberg manor ( Gut Schönberg , Skaistkalne).

In 1935 the parish area was 87.8 km2. In 1945, in the Skaistkalne parish and village council were established, but the parish was liquidated in 1949. In 1951, the territory of Skaistkalne, the village of kolhoz was added to the village of Skaistkalne. In 1963  Jaunsaules village was added, but the territory of Skaistkalne village "New Guard" was included in Kurmene Parish. Part of the territory of Vecsaule Parish was added in 1977 . In 1990, the village was reorganized into parish. In 2009, the parish was included into an administrative territory Vecumnieki Municipality.

Towns, villages and settlements of Skaistkalne parish

Parishes of Latvia
Bauska Municipality
Semigallia


NH 151 may refer to:

 National Highway 151 (India)
 New Hampshire Route 151, United States


NH 152 may refer to:

 National Highway 152 (India)
 New Hampshire Route 152, United States


Stelpe Parish () is an administrative unit of Bauska Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia. Prior to 2009, it was part of the former Bauska District.

Towns, villages and settlements of Stelpe parish

Parishes of Latvia
Bauska Municipality
Semigallia


NH 102 may refer to:

 National Highway 102 (India)
 New Hampshire Route 102, United States


Svitene Parish () is an administrative unit of Bauska Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia.

Towns, villages and settlements of Svitene Parish
  - parish administrative center

References

Parishes of Latvia
Bauska Municipality
Semigallia


NH 106 may refer to:

 National Highway 106 (India)
 New Hampshire Route 106, United States


NH 107 may refer to:

 National Highway 107 (India)
 New Hampshire Route 107, United States


Vecsaule Parish () is an administrative unit of Bauska Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia.
Through the parish flows Lambārtes, Iecava and Mēmele River.

History

Battle of Saule, that took place  in 1236, traditionally was identified with Šiauliai (, ) in Lithuania or with the small settlement of Vecsaule near Bauska in what is today southern Latvia.

On the territory of present-day Vecsaule parish there were historically located Kūlu manor (Gut Kuhlmannshof), Mazmēmeles manor (Gut Klein-Memelhof), Pēter manor (Gut Peterhof),  Old Manor (Vecmuiža,  Gut Althof , Jaunsaule Neu-Rahden), Vecsaules Manor ( Gut Alt-Rahden , Vecsaule).
In 1935 Vecsaule Parish had an area of 113.6 km2 and had a population of 1888.  In 1945, the Mazsaules village was established in the parish and Vecsaule village council,  was liquidated in 1949.
In 1954 the  Mazsaules village was added, in 1961 Soviet farm s «Dāviņi» territory was added Brukna village In 1963, part of the liquidated Brukna village was added, in 1977 part of Skaistkalne Parish was added, and in 1979 - part of Barbele village.
In 1990, the village was reorganized into a parish. In 2009 Vecsaule Parish was included as an administrative territory Bauska Municipality.

Towns, villages and settlements of Vecsaule parish
The largest settlements are Vecsaule (Parish Center) Jaunsaule, Kaģeni, Peat, Likverteni, Lici, Mazbrukna, Melderi, Ozolaine Petermuiza, Rīkani, Strautiņi.

References

External links

Parishes of Latvia
Bauska Municipality
Semigallia


Vecumnieki Parish () is an administrative unit of Bauska Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia.

History
The Old Town of Vecumnieki historically has been home to the Drächen Manor ( Gut Drakken ), the Mansion Manor ( Gut Mißhof ), the Reschenhof Manor, the (Gut Wiexten, in  Umparte ), Vecmuiža (Neugut, in Vecumnieki).

Until 1940 the parish was called  Vecmuižas pagasts. In 1935, its area was 255.3 km2. In 1945, Vecumnieki, Birznieku, Umpartes and Vīksniņa village were formed in the parish, but the parish was liquidated in 1949. In 1951, the territory of Kolkhoz the "Red Star"  in Vīksniņa village was added to the village of Vecumnieki, in 1954 villages of Birznieki and Umparte both were added as well. In 1977, small areas were exchanged with Birzgale Parish.  In 1990, the village was reorganized into a parish.  In 2009, the parish was included as one of the administrative territories of the Vecumnieki Municipality.

Towns, villages and settlements of Vecumnieki parish
 Vecumnieki

Parishes of Latvia
Bauska Municipality
Semigallia


Viesturi Parish () is an administrative unit of Bauska Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia.

Towns, villages and settlements of Viesturi Parish
  - parish administrative center

References

Parishes of Latvia
Bauska Municipality
Semigallia


Eogavialis is an extinct genus of eusuchian crocodylomorph, usually regarded as a gavialoid crocodylian. It superficially resembles Tomistoma schlegelii, the extant false gharial, and consequently material from the genus was originally referred to Tomistoma. Indeed, it was not until 1982 that the name Eogavialis was constructed after it was realised that the specimens were from a more basal form.

Species
The genus was first described by Charles William Andrews in 1901 when  Andrews named a new species of Tomistoma, T. africanum, on the basis of a specimen found from an outcrop of the Qasr el-Sagha Formation in Egypt, about 20 miles northwest of Faiyum, dating back to the Priabonian stage of the late Eocene 37.2 to 33.9 million years ago. Other specimens were later found from the Gebel Qatrani Formation, slightly younger than the Qasr el-Sagha dating back to the Rupelian stage of the early Oligocene 33.9 to 28.4 million years ago, and near the locality where the original specimen of T. africanum was found in the Faiyum depression. A new species was also found from this locality and named T. gavialoides by Andrews in 1905.

One of the first papers to identify the differences between these two species and others within Tomistoma was published in 1955 by J. A. Kälin. Other papers were written in the following decades that also questioned these species' relationships within Tomistominae. Eric Buffetaut proposed the genus name Eogavialis in 1982 and reassigned both T. africanum and T. gavialoides to it.

A third species was assigned to Eogavialis in 2003 from material found in the 1990s from the lower Nawata Formation of the Turkana basin outcropping in Lothagam, Kenya. The strata from which the material was found dates back to the late Miocene and early Pliocene, around 11.61 to 2.59 million years ago. This extends the fossil range of the genus by  approximately 17 million years. It was named E. andrewsi for Charles Williams Andrews. The holotype consists of a well preserved, nearly complete skull.

One reason why Eogavialis was initially placed within Tomistoma was due to the fact that the premaxilla and nasal bones made contact with one another, a feature also seen in Tomistoma. However, this characteristic has since been shown to be present in other extinct gavialids, meaning that premaxilla and nasal contact is a plesiomorphic trait of all tomistomines, including basal ones. Eogavialis also has a very similar cranial anatomy when compared to Tomistoma, having the same proportions, rostral length, and tooth number, leading to the conclusion by some authors of papers published after 1982 that Eogavialis is synonymous with Tomistoma.

Phylogeny
Tomistomines have been traditionally classified as crocodiles. However, molecular analyses of the false gharial, the only living tomistomine, suggest that the subfamily is actually within Gavialidae (along with the modern gharial of the subfamily Gavialinae) rather than Crocodylinae. The  presence of a prominent crista that runs along the postorbital in Eogavialis testifies to its position as a gavialid. Other characteristics such as a rectangular skull table, subcircular orbits with everted orbital rims, and a constricted antorbital area are also shared with Eogavialis and other modern gavialids, as seen in a well preserved skull of E. africanum housed at Yale (YPM 6263) and material from Kenya of E. andrewsi.

Eogavialis has often been proposed to be non-tomistomine due to its lack of supposedly crocodylid synapomorphies needed in order for a taxon to be placed within Tomistominae. The genus lacks the exposure of the vomer on the palate that has been viewed as a characteristic of tomistomines. The trend for a long, narrow rostrum developing progressively over time as seen in Eogavialis has been used to suggest that the genus was a direct ancestor of Gavialis. Gryposuchus was once seen as phylogenetically between Eogavialis and Gavialis.

Eogavialis africanum was included in the study on the phylogenetic relationships of putative fossil gavialoids published by Lee & Yates (2018). The authors considered it most likely that E. africanum was not a gavialoid, or even a crocodylian, but rather a member of the clade of non-crocodylian eusuchians that also included the genera Argochampsa, Eosuchus, Eothoracosaurus and Thoracosaurus.

Paleoecology
E. andrewsi was found in fluvial deposits within the Lower Nawata member of the Nawata Formation in Kenya. A broad, shallow, meandering river is thought to have existed at the time of deposition, suitable for an aquatic gavialid such as Eogavialis. Evidence for a semideciduous tree savanna that may have surrounded the river is present in the lower beds, and a general trend in increased aridity can be seen in overlying beds in the member, suggesting a dry thornbush savanna environment. Fossils present from the strata that material from E. andrewsi were found include those of numerous teleost fish such as osteoglossiformes and perciformes, many turtles, crocodiles, and birds such as ostriches, the enigmatic large bird Eremopezus, anatids, rails, and owls, as well as many mammals representing both living and extinct taxa common in Africa.

The area of the Gebel Qatrani Formation in the Faiyum Depression where most of the well-preserved specimens of E. africanum and E. gavialoides were found was also deposited in a fluvial paleoenvironment, although much older. Other fossils found from the formation include those of turtles, crocodiles, hyaenodontids, proboscideans such as Phiomia, Palaeomastodon, and Moeritherium, the Embrithopodan Arsinoitherium, numerous species of hyraxes, artiodactyls, as well as some of the earliest simian primates such as Apidium, Catopithecus, Oligopithecus, and Aegyptopithecus. Discoveries from this formation have added greatly to the understanding of mammalian evolution in Africa. The presence of this type of fauna suggests a humid, tropical climate existed in Egypt during the Oligocene.

Much of the Gebel Qatrani consists of other deposits that represent both marine and non-marine sedimentary depositional environments. Some specimens of Eogavialis are known from these strata as well, suggesting that the genus may also have been adapted to a coastal marine habitat. This differs from the mostly freshwater habitats inhabited by extant crocodilians.

References

Neosuchians
Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera
Miocene reptiles of Africa
Eocene reptiles of Africa
Pliocene reptiles of Africa
Oligocene reptiles of Africa
Eocene crocodylomorphs
Miocene crocodylomorphs
Oligocene crocodylomorphs
Pliocene crocodylomorphs
Fossil taxa described in 1982
Taxa named by Éric Buffetaut


Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul (Portuguese: Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, USCS) is a university in São Caetano do Sul, Brazil.

History
The institution was first known as Faculdade Municipal de Ciências Econômicas, Políticas e Sociais (Municipal College of Economics, Politics, and Social Sciences) and then Instituto Municipal de Ensino Superior de São Caetano do Sul (Municipal Higher Education Institute of São Caetano do Sul), and on August 1, 1968, Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (City University of São Caetano do Sul).

In 1970, it was again renamed Instituto Municipal de Ensino Superior de São Caetano do Sul (IMES), and in 2000 the institution officially became a university. In 2004, it launched the Law, Health, Education, and Graduate Studies programs.

In 2007, it was once again renamed Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS), under municipal law n.o 4581, since it is a university center.

External links
Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul – Official website (in Portuguese)
Municipality of São Caetano do Sul - Official website (in Portuguese)

Universities and colleges in São Paulo (state)
Educational institutions established in 1968
1968 establishments in Brazil
State universities in Brazil


MV Pioneer is a stern / side loading ferry built in 1974, in service for 29 years covering nearly all of Caledonian MacBrayne's routes. She now serves the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea and was chartered to rescue Liberian refugees.

History
MV Pioneer was built to replace the smaller  between West Loch Tarbert and Port Ellen on Islay, in competition with unsubsidised Western Ferries. She was the longest vessel to operate this far up the loch. For ten years Pioneer rarely left the Islay roster. In 1978 CalMac took over the Western Ferries terminal at Kennacraig, three miles down the loch, and in February 1979, Pioneer was replaced by the larger MV Iona. During a refit at Leith, her two cranes were removed and two side-loading ramps were connected to a large car hoist, for use at terminals without linkspans, allowing her to replace the ageing MV Bute as the Mallaig - Armadale ferry. Her bridge deck was extended and her bridge wings clipped to help with loading.

After September 1979 Pioneer had a very varied life, covering nearly all of CalMac's routes. Relief sailings for the winter period remained the same over the years. She covered the Islay run in October, then spent three months on the Clyde, on the Kilcreggan run and assisting the Streakers, had her annual refit and then came back to cover the Small Isles service from Mallaig (the largest ship to operate on this service). She also gave a winter evening, passenger-only sailing from Largs to Brodick (Arran), until the arrival of  in 1984. Pioneer also had brief periods at Coll, Tiree, Barra, Colonsay, Canna, Lochboisdale, Lochmaddy, Craighouse and Lochaline for passenger and livestock runs. In the summer she was emergency relief on a variety of routes, including MV Columba's Oban to Colonsay run and an overnight run from Mallaig to the Outer Isles. Pioneer has also provided many charter trips, including to Campbeltown, Fort William and Skye.

In 1989 Pioneer was replaced at Mallaig by the MV Iona and became the company's spare vessel on the Upper Clyde, in place of . At this time, Pioneer's hoist was removed and replaced with simple side ramps, allowing her to use the linkspans at Dunoon and Rothesay. In May 1988, she joined Iona to operate the Oban - Craignure, Mull link, when the much larger regular ship  was required to cover at Stornoway, before the new  entered service.

In January 2003, after a brief overhaul in the James Watt Dock, she took up the Mallaig and Armadale crossing, awaiting the new ship, . Due to technical difficulties the Coruisk had to make several trips to fitters for repairs, and Pioneer staying much longer than anticipated. Even a special two-day sentimental public cruise from the Western Isles to the Clyde via Oban had to be cancelled. On 1 November 2003 she made an unexpected return north to Mallaig to perform her final day of service with CalMac, covering the Small Isles roster. When she arrived back in Mallaig, the new  awaited her. Pioneer headed for Gourock and on to Greenock's James Watt Dock - her final resting place with the company.

She was sold to Corlett Lines, in August 2004. Renamed Brenda Corlett, after the new owner's wife, she now serves the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the equator in West Africa. In 2006 she took almost three hundred Liberian refugees, and their belongings, home from the Ghanaian port of Tema. The ferry was chartered to lend assistance to a repatriation effort organised by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

Layout
MV Pioneer resembled the three ferries, ,  and , (commonly known as 'the three streakers') which had been introduced on the Clyde. The  passenger accommodation was forward and the open car deck aft. She sported two funnels amidships and her mainmast was a gantry right at the stern. She was fitted with twin controllable pitch propellers, twin rudders, stabilisers and bow thrusters. She was originally stern-loading only with a hydraulic stern ramp and two 3½ ton Hiab cargo cranes just abaft of the superstructure. To take over the Mallaig - Armadale (Skye) service, she was fitted with a hoist, allowing stern / side loading. The hoist was removed again in 1989.

Service

References

Further reading

Caledonian MacBrayne
1974 ships
Ships built in Leith


Kemba Hudley Walker (born May 8, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for AS Monaco of the French LNB Pro A and the EuroLeague. Walker was picked ninth overall by the Charlotte Bobcats in the 2011 NBA draft. He played college basketball for the Connecticut Huskies. In their 2010–11 season, Walker was the nation's second-leading scorer and was named consensus first-team All-American; he also led the Huskies to the 2011 NCAA championship and claimed the tournament's Most Outstanding Player award. Walker is a four-time NBA All-Star.

High school career
Walker attended Rice High School in Harlem, New York City. During his junior year, Walker played once at Madison Square Garden against Simeon Career Academy and senior guard Derrick Rose in a 53–51 victory. Over his senior year, he posted 18.2 points and 5.3 assists per game, earning him a spot on the prestigious McDonald's All-American Team. He was able to play in the elite New York City Gauchos, the premier AAU basketball program for youth, and was joined by fellow Big East Conference talents-to-be Jordan Theodore, Darryl Bryant, Devin Hill, and Danny Jennings. Walker's team finished No. 1 in the nation.

Considered a five-star recruit by Rivals.com, Walker was listed as the No. 5 point guard and the No. 14 player in the nation in 2008.

College career

Freshman year
During his freshman year at the University of Connecticut, Walker played in every contest and was named to the Big East All-Rookie Team. He helped the Huskies achieve a number one seed in the 2009 NCAA tournament. Despite starting in only two games, he averaged 25.5 minutes per contest, easily far more than any regular non-starter. He also helped the Huskies advance to the 2009 Final Four with a 23-point effort in the Elite Eight versus Missouri.

Sophomore year
During the Huskies' 2009–2010 season, Walker started in all 34 of their games and contributed an average of 14.6 points. He also led the team in scoring for the eighth time in the last nine games of the season, with 18 points at Virginia Tech. Walker was named by the U.S. Basketball Writers Association (USBWA) to the First Team All-District. Connecticut clinched a 4-seed in the NCAA's 2010 National Invitation Tournament only to fall short to Virginia Tech and finish the relatively disappointing season going 18–16 (7–11) in conference play.

Junior year

Walker rose to national prominence in his third year at Connecticut. This was because, twelve games into his junior campaign, he distinguished himself as the leading scorer in the nation, posting 26.7 points per contest; in addition, Walker averaged 5 rebounds and 3.8 assists. It was then that he appeared on one of the six regional covers of Sports Illustrated magazine.

In the 2011 Big East tournament, Walker hit the game-clinching shot at the buzzer to beat the Pittsburgh Panthers, ranked No. 3 overall, thereby advancing the Huskies to the semifinals. Walker led UConn to victory in the ensuing Big East Championship against the Louisville Cardinals and earned tournament MVP honors in the process. Over five games in as many days, Walker tallied an unprecedented 130 points, a record of points scored for not only the Big East but for any conference tournament in the past 15 seasons. UConn thus became the first school to win five games in five days and earn a conference championship.

On March 14, 2011, the U.S. Basketball Writers Association named Walker First Team All-American with only Fox Sports picking him to the Second Team. His heroic performance in the 2010–11 season also made him a finalist for the Association's college player of the year honors, the Oscar Robertson Trophy. Despite finishing second to Jimmer Fredette for this award, at least several journalists held that it was rather Walker who deserved the distinction of best player that year. Among other accolades bestowed on him, Walker claimed the Bob Cousy Award for college basketball's top point guard in the nation. On April 4, 2011, Walker, with 16 points himself, rallied and led the University of Connecticut to win the Division I Championship, while he won the honor of NCAA basketball tournament Most Outstanding Player. Upon the team's return from Houston, at a pep rally to celebrate the National Title, Walker was added to the Huskies of Honor. He became the first men's basketball player to receive the distinction since the inaugural class was announced in December 2006.

Professional career

Charlotte Bobcats/Hornets (2011–2019)

2011–12 season: Rookie season

Walker graduated from UConn in three years. Accordingly, he entered the 2011 NBA draft and was selected ninth overall by the Charlotte Bobcats. Walker signed a multi-year shoe deal with Under Armour, the first rookie from the 2011 draft class to do so.

On December 11, 2011, he signed the rookie scale contract with the Bobcats, and with the injury of point guard D. J. Augustin, he became their starting point guard for the lockout-shortened season. On January 28, 2012, in a home game against the Washington Wizards, he achieved his first triple-double with 20 points, 11 assists, and 10 rebounds, joining Boris Diaw and Stephen Jackson as the only Bobcats in team history to record one. Walker participated in the 2012 Rising Stars Challenge during All-Star Weekend. However, the Charlotte Bobcats only managed to go 7–59 in the lockout season.

2012–13 season: Sophomore season
On November 14, 2012, Walker hit the first game-winner of his NBA career against the Minnesota Timberwolves. He finished the game with 22 points on 9-of-19 shooting, as well as 5 rebounds, 4 assists and 4 steals. On January 21, 2013, he scored a then career-high 35 points against the Houston Rockets. During the 2012–13 season, Walker was selected with teammate Michael Kidd-Gilchrist to the 2013 Rising Stars Challenge in which they both scored 8 points.

Kemba finished the 2012–13 season with averages of 16.7 points, 5.8 assists, 3.5 rebounds, and 1 steal per contest. He took significant strides over his rookie year.

2013–14 season: First playoff appearance

On December 18, 2013, Walker hit a buzzer-beating jump shot over Jonas Valančiūnas in overtime to beat the Toronto Raptors. He finished the night with 26 points and 5 rebounds on 10/18 shooting from the field. On February 19, 2014, Walker recorded 23 points, 5 rebounds and a career-high 16 assists in a 116–98 win over the Detroit Pistons. Five days later, he was awarded the Eastern Conference Player of the Week, having averaged 22.5 points, 8.8 assists, and 5.5 rebounds in the span of seven days. In a home victory over the Orlando Magic on April 4, 2014, Walker recorded his second career triple-double with 13 points, 10 assists, and 10 rebounds.

Playing against the Miami Heat in the first round of the Eastern Conference Playoffs and with teammate Al Jefferson unable to play due to a Plantar fasciitis injury, Walker had an exceptional game four: he finished the game with a playoff franchise-high 29 points, along with 5 assists, 5 rebounds, 3 blocks, and 2 steals. The effort came in a loss as the Heat completed a four-game sweep of the Bobcats.

2014–15 season: Knee surgery

In the newly renamed Charlotte Hornets' opening game against the Milwaukee Bucks on October 29, Walker led an impressive comeback in an overtime 108–106 victory. The Hornets had been 24 points down by the fourth quarter when they staged a comeback; Walker scored a three-pointer with 1.6 seconds left to force overtime and later hit the shot that clinched the game as well. He finished with 26 points, 5 assists, and 6 rebounds. The following day, he signed a four-year, $48 million contract extension with the Hornets. On December 5, 2014, Walker hit his second game-winner of the season in a 103–102 win over the New York Knicks. On December 27, in a 94–102 loss to the Orlando Magic, he scored a then career-high 42 points and set a Charlotte Hornets franchise record for most points scored in a half with his 35 points that he posted in the second. On January 3, against the Orlando Magic, Walker scored 30 points to pass Kendall Gill for 10th place on the Charlotte Hornets all-time scoring list with 4,160 points. In three back-to-back games played between the January 3 and 7, Walker scored 30, 33, and 31 points in victories over the Orlando Magic, the Boston Celtics, and the New Orleans Pelicans respectively; he thereby joined Larry Johnson, Glen Rice, and Kelly Tripucka as one of four players in Charlotte Hornets' franchise history to have three or more consecutive games of scoring 30-plus points. Walker also hit his fifth game-winner of his career and his third of the season on January 7 in the 98–94 victory over the Pelicans. On January 12, he was named the Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, January 5, through Sunday, January 11. Over the week, he led the Hornets to a 4–0 record and averaged 30.3 points, 5.8 rebounds, and 4.5 assists in 36.2 minutes, while shooting .500 from the field (44–88), .364 from beyond the three-point line (8–22) and .893 from the free-throw line (25–28).

On January 28, 2015, Walker was ruled out for six weeks after he underwent successful surgery to repair a torn lateral meniscus in his left knee. He returned to action on March 11, after missing 18 games, to score six points in 16 minutes off the bench as the Hornets lost to the Sacramento Kings 106–113.

2015–16 season: Breakthrough
On November 23, 2015, Walker scored a then season-high 39 points in a 127–122 overtime win over the Sacramento Kings. On January 18, 2016, Walker set a career-high and a franchise-record with 52 points in a 124–119 double overtime win over the Utah Jazz. He made 16-of-34 from the field, including 6-of-11 three-pointers, and was 14-of-15 from the free throw line, breaking the team mark of 48 points set by Glen Rice in March 1997. On March 9, in a win over the New Orleans Pelicans, Walker became just the third Hornets player to make 500 career three-pointers, joining Dell Curry (929) and Glen Rice (508). Five days later, he earned his fourth career Player of the Week award, and second of the 2015–16 season (first coming on January 25), becoming just the sixth Charlotte player to win the award multiple times in the same season. The Hornets finished the regular season as the sixth seed in the Eastern Conference with a 48–34 record. In the first round of the playoffs, the Hornets faced the third-seeded Miami Heat, and in a Game 4 win on April 25, Walker scored a playoff career-high 34 points, helping the Hornets tie the series at 2–2. He topped that mark in Game 6 of the series, scoring 37 points in a 97–90 loss, as the Heat tied the series at 3–3. The Hornets went on to lose Game 7, bowing out of the playoffs with a 4–3 defeat.

In May 2016, Walker again underwent surgery on a torn meniscus in his left knee.

2016–17 season: First All-Star selection

On November 4, 2016, Walker scored a season-high 30 points in a 99–95 win over the Brooklyn Nets, helping Charlotte improve to 4–1 for the first time since 2000. He topped that mark on November 11, recording 40 points, 10 rebounds and six assists in a 113–111 loss to the Toronto Raptors. On December 29, with 22 points against the Miami Heat, Walker recorded his 7,000th point with the Charlotte franchise when he hit a three-pointer with 4:16 left in the first quarter. He became the fourth player in franchise history to reach that mark, and became the second-quickest by doing so in his 396th game—Larry Johnson passed the mark in his 355th career game with the Hornets. On January 2, 2017, Walker recorded 34 points and a season-high 11 rebounds in a 118–111 loss to the Chicago Bulls. On January 26, he was named an Eastern Conference All-Star reserve for the 2017 NBA All-Star Game. Two days later, in a loss to the Sacramento Kings, Walker moved into third place in franchise history in field goals made (2,586), passing Gerald Wallace. On January 31, he scored 22 points against the Portland Trail Blazers and moved into third place on the team's career scoring list. On March 6, he was named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, February 27 through Sunday, March 5. On March 31, 2017, he scored a game-high 31 points in a 122–114 win over the Denver Nuggets. During the game, Walker became the second player in team history to reach 8,000 career points—the only other player to reach that mark is Dell Curry (9,839).

In May 2017, Walker underwent an arthroscopic procedure on his left knee.

2017–18 season: 2nd Sportsmanship Award
On December 4, Walker scored 29 points and made all 14 free throw attempts (tying a career-high) in a 104–94 win over the Orlando Magic, becoming the first player in franchise history with 200 career 20-point games. On January 10, 2018, he had 41 points on 16-of-28 shooting in a 115–111 loss to the Dallas Mavericks. On January 15, he scored 20 points in a 118–107 win over the Detroit Pistons, thus reaching 9,000 career points. On January 24, in a 101–96 loss to the New Orleans Pelicans, Walker became only the second Hornets' player with 900 career 3-pointers, joining Dell Curry (929). On January 31, he set franchise and career-highs with nine 3-pointers and scored 38 points in a 123–110 win over the Atlanta Hawks. On February 4, in a 115–110 win over the Phoenix Suns, Walker scored 18 points and broke the franchise career record for 3-pointers with 930, surpassing the record of 929 held by Dell Curry. On February 8, Walker was named as the replacement for the injured Kristaps Porziņģis in the 2018 NBA All-Star Game, marking his second consecutive All-Star selection. On March 22, Walker scored 46 points with 10 3-pointers in a 140–79 win over the Memphis Grizzlies. It was his ninth 40-point game of his career and third-highest scoring game of his career, as he helped the Hornets record the sixth-largest win in NBA history. On March 28, he scored 21 points in a 118–105 loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers, surpassing Dell Curry (9,839 points) to become the franchise's career scoring leader. Walker also established a new team record with his 44th consecutive made free throw. That free throw also brought his career total to 1,999, which broke Gerald Wallace's franchise record of 1,998.

2018–19 season: All-NBA selection and final season with the Hornets
On October 17, 2018, Walker scored 41 points in a 113–112 loss to the Milwaukee Bucks, setting a franchise record for points scored in a season opener. It was his 10th 40-point game of his career, tying Glen Rice for the franchise record for 40-point games. Three days later, he scored 39 points, including the game-winning free throw with a half-second left, to lift the Hornets to a 113–112 win over the Miami Heat. During the game, he eclipsed the career 10,000-point mark. Walker set the NBA record for most three-point field goals through the first three games of a season with 19 (previously held by Danilo Gallinari with 18 in 2009–10) and became the first player in NBA history to make five or more three-point field goals in each of the first three games of a season. He was subsequently named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for the first week of the season. On November 17, he scored a career-high and franchise-best 60 points in a 122–119 overtime loss to the Philadelphia 76ers. On December 5 against the Minnesota Timberwolves, Walker made his 502nd career start for Charlotte, the most of any player in team history, passing Muggsy Bogues (501).

On January 24, Walker was named a starter for the Eastern Conference in the 2019 NBA All-Star Game, joining Glen Rice as the only players to represent Charlotte in three All-Star Games. Walker also became the third Hornets player to start an All-Star Game, along with Larry Johnson (1993) and Eddie Jones (2000). On February 6, he had 30 points and a season-high 11 rebounds in a 99–93 loss to the Dallas Mavericks. On February 9, he hit a season-high nine 3-pointers and scored 37 points in a 129–120 win over the Atlanta Hawks. With 32 points, seven assists and three rebounds against the New Orleans Pelicans on April 3, Walker recorded his 26th 30-point game of the season, passing Glen Rice for the franchise record for 30-point games in a season. He also set the franchise record for 3-pointers made in a season when he made his 244th 3-pointer against New Orleans. On April 5, he scored 29 points in a 113–111 win over the Toronto Raptors, thus joining Glen Rice as the only players in franchise history to score 2,000 points in a season—Rice scored 2,115 points in the 1996–97 season. With his 250th made 3-pointer on April 7 against the Detroit Pistons, Walker became only the ninth different player in NBA history to connect on 250+ 3-pointers in a season. He was subsequently named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played April 1–7, marking his seventh career player of the week award. Following the season, he was named to the All-NBA Third Team, his first all-league selection.

Boston Celtics (2019–2021)
Coming off a frustrating 2018–19 season, the Boston Celtics would go on to lose franchise centerpieces Kyrie Irving and Al Horford to free agency, opening the door to start a new chapter with a new max-salary player. After Walker and the Celtics showed mutual interest at the start of free agency, he officially joined the franchise on July 6, 2019, through a sign and trade deal with Charlotte worth $141 million over four years. Walker chose to wear Kobe Bryant’s number 8 with the Celtics as his usual number 15 had been retired by the Celtics in honor of Tom Heinsohn.

Walker made his Celtics debut on October 23, 2019, against the Philadelphia 76ers; he put up 12 points on 18 shot attempts from the field in 34 minutes of play during the 107–93 loss. On November 22, during a game against the Nuggets, Walker went down with a neck injury after colliding with teammate Semi Ojeleye. He was taken off the court on a stretcher. He was first diagnosed with concussion-like symptoms, and then later diagnosed with a sprained neck. On November 27, Walker scored a then season-high 39 points in a 121–110 win over the Brooklyn Nets. That season-high would be eclipsed on December 11, when Walker scored 44 points in 122–117 loss to the Indiana Pacers. On January 16, 2020, Walker would post a 40-point, 11 assist double-double in a 128–123 loss to the Milwaukee Bucks.

On January 20, Walker recorded his first head-to-head win against LeBron James, after having begun his career 0–28 against him. Posting 20 points, seven assists, four rebounds, and a steal, he helped the Celtics come away with a 139–107 blowout victory over longtime rivals the Lakers. Three days later, Walker was named to his fourth consecutive All-Star Game, being selected as an Eastern Conference starter.

The 2019–2020 season was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. After the season resumed, Walker helped the Celtics reach the Eastern Conference Finals, where the team was defeated by the Miami Heat. Walker missed several games during the season due to knee soreness.

In December 2020, the Celtics confirmed that Walker had received a stem cell injection in his left knee in October and had been placed on 12 week strengthening program, sidelining him for the start of the 2020–21 NBA season. Walker made his season debut on January 17, 2021.

In the 2021 playoffs, Walker missed games four and five of Boston's first-round playoff series against the Brooklyn Nets due to a bone bruise in his left knee. The Celtics lost the series in five games.

New York Knicks (2021–2022)
On June 18, 2021, Walker was traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder, along with a 2021 first-round draft pick (16th selection), and a 2025 second round draft pick from the Boston Celtics in exchange for Al Horford, Moses Brown, and a 2023 second-round draft pick. Walker reached a contract buyout agreement with the Thunder on August 6, 2021.

On August 11, he signed with his hometown team the New York Knicks. On October 20, Walker made his Knicks debut, recording 10 points and eight assists in a 138–134 double overtime victory over the Boston Celtics. On November 29, 2021, Walker was removed from the Knicks' rotation in favor of Alec Burks. He sat for 10 games before re-entering the rotation on December 18 after guard Derrick Rose was injured. On December 23, Walker scored a season-high 44 points, alongside nine rebounds and eight assists, in a 124–117 loss to the Washington Wizards. On December 25, in the Knicks' 101–87 win against the Atlanta Hawks, Walker recorded a triple-double with 10 points, 10 rebounds and 12 assists and became the seventh player in NBA history to record a triple-double in an NBA Christmas Day game.

Walker missed games in January 2022 due to knee problems. In February 2022, the Knicks and Walker reached an agreement that he would be sidelined for the remainder of the season.

Dallas Mavericks (2022–2023)
On July 6, 2022, Walker and the draft rights to Jalen Duren were traded to the Detroit Pistons in exchange for a future first-round selection. On October 17, Walker reached a contract buyout agreement with the Pistons.

On November 28, 2022, Walker signed with the Dallas Mavericks, on a one-year, non-guaranteed deal. On December 17, Walker put up a season-high 32 points, five rebounds, and seven assists in a 100–99 overtime loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers. On January 6, 2023, Walker was waived by the Mavericks.

AS Monaco (2023–present)
On July 21, 2023, Walker signed with LNB Pro A and EuroLeague club AS Monaco, moving outside of the United States for the first time in his career. On October 18, Walker made his debut for Monaco, scoring 2 points in ten minutes of play in a EuroLeague home win over Crvena zvezda.

Career statistics

NBA

Regular season

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| style="background:#cfecec;"|  66* || 25 || 27.2 || .366 || .305 || .789 || 3.5 || 4.4 || .9 || .3 || 12.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| style="background:#cfecec;"|  82* || style="background:#cfecec;"| 82* || 34.9 || .423 || .322 || .798 || 3.5 || 5.7 || 2.0 || .4 || 17.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| 73 || 73 || 35.8 || .393 || .333 || .837 || 4.2 || 6.1 || 1.2 || .4 || 17.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| 62 || 58 || 34.2 || .385 || .304 || .827 || 3.5 || 5.1 || 1.4 || .5 || 17.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| 81 || 81 || 35.6 || .427 || .371 || .847 || 4.4 || 5.2 || 1.6 || .5 || 20.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| 79 || 79 || 34.7 || .443 || .399 || .847 || 3.9 || 5.5 || 1.1 || .3 || 23.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| 80 || 80 || 34.2 || .431 || .384 || .864 || 3.1 || 5.6 || 1.1 || .3 || 22.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| style="background:#cfecec;"|  82* || style="background:#cfecec;"| 82* || 34.9 || .434 || .356 || .844 || 4.4 || 5.9 || 1.2 || .4 || 25.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 56 || 56 || 31.1 || .425 || .381 || .864 || 3.9 || 4.8 || .9 || .5 || 20.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 43 || 43 || 31.8 || .420 || .360 || .899 || 4.0 || 4.9 || 1.1 || .3 || 19.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|New York
| 37 || 37 || 25.6 || .403 || .367 || .845 || 3.0 || 3.5 || .7 || .2 || 11.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Dallas
| 9 || 1 || 16.0 || .421 || .250 || .810 || 1.8 || 2.1 || .2 || .2 || 8.0
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 750 || 697 || 33.1 || .418 || .360 || .840 || 3.8 || 5.3 || 1.2 || .4 || 19.3
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|All-Star
| 4 || 2 || 21.0 || .452 || .280 ||  || 2.3 || 4.5 || .8 || .0 || 11.3

Play-in

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2021
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 1 || 1 || 33.9 || .417 || .429 || 1.000 || 7.0 || 2.0 || 2.0 || 1.0 || 29.0
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 1 || 1 || 33.9 || .417 || .429 || 1.000 || 7.0 || 2.0 || 2.0 || 1.0 || 29.0

Playoffs

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2014
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| 4 || 4 || 38.3 || .473 || .500 || .778 || 3.8 || 6.0 || 2.0 || .8 || 19.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2016
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| 7 || 7 || 37.1 || .366 || .326 || .943 || 3.0 || 4.0 || 1.3 || .6 || 22.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2020
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 17 || 17 || 36.9 || .441 || .310 || .852 || 4.1 || 5.1 || .9 || .4 || 19.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2021
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 3 || 3 || 30.3 || .317 || .176 || .900 || 4.0 || 4.0 || .3 || .0 || 12.7
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 31 || 31 || 36.5 || .412 || .324 || .868 || 3.8 || 4.8 || 1.1 || .5 || 19.6

College

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2008–09
| style="text-align:left;"|Connecticut
| 36 || 2 || 25.2 || .470 || .271 || .715 || 3.5 || 2.9 || 1.1 || .2 || 8.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2009–10
| style="text-align:left;"|Connecticut
| 34 || 34 || 35.2 || .405 || .339 || .767 || 4.3 || 5.0 || 2.0 || .4 || 14.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2010–11
| style="text-align:left;"|Connecticut
| 41 || 41 || 37.6 || .428 || .330 || .819 || 5.4 || 4.5 || 1.9 || .2 || 23.5
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 111 || 77 || 32.8 || .428 || .325 || .782 || 4.3 || 4.4 || 1.7 || .2 || 16.1

Awards and honors
NBA
 4× NBA All-Star (, , , )
 All-NBA Third Team ()
 2× NBA Sportsmanship Award (, )

College
 NCAA champion (2011)
 Bob Cousy Award (2011)
 Lute Olson Award (2011)
 NCAA Final Four Most Outstanding Player (2011)
 Consensus first team All-American (2011)
 Big East tournament MVP (2011)
 NCAA Final Four All-Tournament Team (2011)
 Maui Invitational tournament MVP (2011)
 All-Big East First Team (2011)
 All-Big East Third Team (2010)
 All-Big East All-Rookie Team (2009)

Personal life

Walker is the son of Paul and Andrea Walker. His parents met in his father's native Antigua, while his mother is originally from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands and was raised in the Bronx. He has two brothers, Akil and Keya, and two sisters named Sharifa and Kayla.

Walker grew up in the Sack-Wern Houses in Soundview, Bronx.

Walker is also a dancer. He performed three times at the Apollo Theater for the TV show Showtime at the Apollo.

On June 21, 2011, Walker released a mixtape in collaboration with DJ Skee and Skee Sports. The mixtape features songs inspired by and inspiring to Walker.

In 2011, Walker signed a multi-year sponsorship deal with Under Armour. In 2015, Walker's contract with Under Armour expired. He subsequently signed with Jordan Brand, a subsidiary of Nike.

See also

 List of National Basketball Association franchise career scoring leaders
 List of National Basketball Association single-game scoring leaders

References

External links

UConn Huskies bio

1990 births
Living people
2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup players
All-American college men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in France
American people of Antigua and Barbuda descent
American people of United States Virgin Islands descent
AS Monaco Basket players
Boston Celtics players
Charlotte Bobcats draft picks
Charlotte Bobcats players
Charlotte Hornets players
Dallas Mavericks players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
National Basketball Association All-Stars
New York Knicks players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Point guards
Basketball players from the Bronx
UConn Huskies men's basketball players
United States men's national basketball team players


The Gas Technology Institute is an American non-profit research and development organization which develops, demonstrates, and licenses new energy technologies for private and public clients, with a particular focus on the natural gas industry.  GTI is located in Des Plaines, Illinois.

History

The Gas Technology Institute has its origins in several different organizations.

The Institute of Gas Technology was founded in 1941 at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT).

The Gas Research Institute was founded in 1976 by and ad hoc committee made up of members form the American Gas Association and the Interstate Natural Gas Association of America. Encouragement for the gas industry to increase R&D came from the Federal Power Commission in that year. GRI incorporated as an independent non-profit in Illinois on July 8, 1976.  The Institute sponsored research with funding derived from a surcharge on shipments of natural gas sold by the interstate pipelines, thus passing along R&D costs to gas consumers. In 2000, the funding mechanism that supported the Gas Research Institute was phased out.  That year, the Institute of Gas Technology and the Gas Research Institute combined to form the Gas Technology Institute.

In 2006, the IIT building that formerly housed the institute became home to Shimer College, which took up residence there after moving from Waukegan.

References

External links
Gas Technology Institute website

Illinois Institute of Technology
Des Plaines, Illinois
Natural gas organizations
Energy research


The Oklahoma state elections were held on November 4, 2008. Votes for the Presidential Primary were cast on February 5. The primary election for statewide offices was held on July 29, and the runoff primary election was held August 26.

The 2008 elections marked the first time in State history that the Republican Party won control of the Oklahoma Senate and the first time they retained control of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, thereby creating the first Republican controlled Oklahoma Legislature in State history.

President

Primary
Oklahoma voters went to the polls on February 5 (Super Tuesday) to vote in the US presidential primary election. Republicans nominated Senator John McCain, while Democrats nominated Senator Hillary Clinton.

Eleven Republicans appeared on the ballot.

There were seven candidates in the Democratic primary for President.

General election

Barack Obama faced John McCain in the 2008 Presidential Election. McCain won a majority of the votes in Oklahoma and received all seven of the state's electoral votes. Oklahoma was the only state in which McCain received a majority of the votes in every county.

U.S. Senate

Two term Republican Senator Jim Inhofe defended his seat in the 2008 election against Democratic State Senator Andrew Rice and Independent Stephen Wallace. The election was considered by most pollsters to be a "safe" Republican seat.

Other Statewide Offices

Corporation Commission
Two seats on the Oklahoma Corporation Commission were up for election in 2008.

Partial term
Democrat Jim Roth was appointed by Oklahoma Governor Brad Henry to fill the vacated seat in 2007. The winner of this election will have to be reelected in 2010.

Full term

U.S. Representatives

State Questions

State Question #735
TEXT: This measure amends the Oklahoma Constitution. It adds Section 8D to Article 10. The measure takes effect January 1, 2009. It creates an exemption from personal property tax. The exemption would be for the full amount of taxes due on all household personal property. The exemption would apply to certain injured veterans. It would also apply to those veterans’ surviving spouses.

To qualify for the exemption an injured veteran would have to meet certain requirements. First, a branch of the Armed Forces or the Oklahoma National Guard would have to have honorably discharged the veteran from active service. Second, the veteran would have to be an Oklahoma resident. Third, the veteran would have to be the head of the household. Fourth, the veteran would have to be one hundred percent permanently disabled. Fifth, the United States Department of Veterans Affairs would have to certify the disability. Sixth, the disability must have occurred through military action or accident, or resulted from a disease contracted while in active service. The Legislature could pass laws to carry out the exemption. Such laws could not change the amount of the exemption.

          FOR THE PROPOSAL - YES                 1,153,831   85.00%
          AGAINST THE PROPOSAL - NO                203,644   15.00%

State Question #741
TEXT: This measure amends the Oklahoma Constitution. It would add a new Section 22A to Article 10. This section is related to exemptions from property taxes. It would require a person or business to file an application for an exemption. No exemption could be granted prior to filing an application. The Legislature may write laws to carry out the provisions of this section.

          FOR THE PROPOSAL - YES                   908,609   68.14%
          AGAINST THE PROPOSAL - NO                424,905   31.86%

State Question #742
TEXT: This measure adds a new section to the State Constitution. It adds Section 36 to Article 2. It gives all people of this state the right to hunt, trap, fish and take game and fish. Such activities would be subject to reasonable regulation. It allows the Wildlife Conservation Commission to approve methods and procedures for hunting, trapping, fishing and taking of game and fish. It allows for taking game and fish by traditional means. It makes hunting, fishing, and trapping the preferred means to manage certain game and fish. The new law will not affect existing laws relating to property rights.

          FOR THE PROPOSAL - YES                 1,082,341   80.05%
          AGAINST THE PROPOSAL - NO                269,787   19.95%

State Question #743
TEXT: This measure amends Section 3 of Article 28 of the Constitution. It requires a customer to be twenty-one and physically present to purchase wine at a winery, festival or trade show. The measure changes the law to allow certain winemakers to sell directly to retail package stores and restaurants in Oklahoma. The change applies to winemakers who produce up to ten thousand gallons of wine a year. It applies to winemakers in state and out of state. Those winemakers may not also use a licensed wholesale distributor. They must sell their wine to every retail package store and restaurant in Oklahoma that wants to buy the wine. The sales must be on the same price basis. The sales must be without discrimination. Those winemakers must use their own leased or owned vehicles to distribute their wine. They may not use common or private carriers. If any part of this measure is found to be unconstitutional, no winemaker could sell wine directly to retail package stores or restaurants in Oklahoma.

FOR THE PROPOSAL - YES                 1,064,972   78.94%
AGAINST THE PROPOSAL - NO                284,141   21.06%

Sources

Official Results on the Oklahoma State Election Board's Website

See also
Government of Oklahoma
Oklahoma House of Representatives
Oklahoma Senate
Politics of Oklahoma
Oklahoma's congressional districts

Oklahoma


Frank Mitchell was a 19th-century footballer who played as a centre-forward for Burslem Port Vale in the 1890s.

Career
Mitchell joined Burslem Port Vale, most probably in the summer of 1897. He had a fantastic start to his Vale career, scoring a hat-trick on his debut at the Athletic Ground in a 4–0 win over Kettering in a Midland League match on 25 September 1897. He made four Second Division appearances in the 1898–99 season, and scored one goal against Darwen in a 3–1 away win on 2 January. He was released in the summer of 1899, having played 15 games (including four in the English Football League and six in the Midland League) and scored eight goals (including one in the Football League and six in the Midland League).

Career statistics
Source:

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Port Vale F.C. players
Midland Football League players
English Football League players
Place of birth missing


The Vaige () is a  long river in the Mayenne and Sarthe departments in western France.

This list is ordered from source to mouth:
In Mayenne, the Vaige has its source in Saint-Léger then waters the following villages: Vaiges, Saint-Georges-le-Fléchard, La Bazouge-de-Chemeré, La Cropte, Saint-Denis-du-Maine, Préaux, Ballée, Beaumont-Pied-de-Bœuf,
Then the Vaige séparates Mayenne (Saint-Loup-du-Dorat) from Sarthe (Auvers-le-Hamon),
Only in Mayenne the Vaige waters Bouessay,
Entering the Sarthe department, the Vaige avoid the Sablé-sur-Sarthe town and flows in the Sarthe (right tributary)

Low water and flood
Very often the river uses to dry at the end of summer and the beginning of autumn, so fishes and river mussels die but kingfishers may fly away.

References

Rivers of France
Rivers of Mayenne
Rivers of Sarthe
Rivers of Pays de la Loire


Percy Ellingsen (18 July 1895 – 7 May 1947) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Richmond, Melbourne and Geelong in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Ellingsen was just 16 when he made his league debut in 1912, having been recruited from East Geelong. A rover, he kicked five goals for Richmond, all of them in a win over Melbourne University Football Club. He then spent the 1913 VFL season at Melbourne before crossing to Geelong, his final VFL club. His tally of 18 goals in 1917 included a bag of six against his old club Richmond, at Corio Oval. Also that season, Ellingsen set a club record which still stands to this day by kicking the only two goals that Geelong managed in their match against Collingwood.

Following his VFL career, Ellingsen moved to the Victorian Football Association (VFA), where over a three-year period he represented North Melbourne, Footscray and Geelong Association. In 1920 he was suspended for a season, a sentence later overturned as an act of clemency during the visit of the Prince of Wales.

In 1930, Ellingsen joined the Geelong and District Football League as a field umpire. The following year he was appointed to the VFL Senior List and, unusually for the period, did not umpire any country or Second Eighteen matches before being appointed to his first VFL senior match in Round 1 - St.Kilda v. Essendon at the Junction Oval. This earned him Heritage Number 150 as the 150th field umpire in VFL history.

He umpired the entire 1931 season in the VFL including the First Semi-final and finished the year appointed to the Goulburn Valley Football League finals series.

From 1931–33 Ellingsen compiled a total of 53 VFL and 24 VCFL matches. The only Grand Finals he officiated were in the 1931 Wednesday Football League and the 1932 Corangamite Football League.

In June 1932 he was appointed to the North v. South representative match in Launceston and so began a significant connection with Tasmanian umpiring.

Offered two options for his umpiring career in early 1934 Ellingsen accepted a contract with the Tasmanian Australian National Football Football League in 1934 to act as the local umpire for the season. He had also been approached by the Mildura league to act in a similar capacity.

For the next five years he continued to umpire in Tasmania as follows:
 TANFL 1934–35
 North-West Football Union (NWFU) 1936
 Northern Tasmanian Football Association 1937
 Tasmanian Amateur Football Association 1938

Ellingsen retired from umpiring at the end of the 1938 season and returned to Melbourne where he worked, as he had when not umpiring, as a barman. Remaining in the hotel trade he returned to Ulverstone, Tasmania in 1945, where he became publican of the Commercial Hotel.

Maintaining his interest in local football he became president and non-playing coach of Ulverstone Football Club in 1946. He was the club's delegate to, and also a selector for, the NWFU that same year.

Furthermore, he gave weekly lectures at the new umpires' class for the Western Division of the NWFU run by O.H. Hind, making it a very busy year.

After a short illness Percy Ellingsen died on 7 May 1947. His body was returned to Geelong where he was buried in the Eastern Cemetery.

Later in 1947 Geelong visited Burnie and played a representative NWFU team. Ellingsen had umpired a similar match in 1937 which resulted in a 192-point win for the visitors. At the conclusion of the 1947 match the Cats Kevin Brown was presented with a gold medal for being best afield. The medal was named in honour of Percy Ellingsen, presented by his second wife Dorothy and commemorated his connection with Geelong and Tasmania.

Notes

References
Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

External links

1895 births
1947 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Australian Rules footballers: place kick exponents
Richmond Football Club players
Melbourne Football Club players
Geelong Football Club players
Footscray Football Club (VFA) players
North Melbourne Football Club (VFA) players
East Geelong Football Club players
Australian Football League umpires


Robert Paparemborde (5 July 1948 – 18 April 2001), was a French rugby union player. He was capped 55 times, 5 as captain, for the French national side.

He was regarded as one of the greatest prop-forwards and was a member of the French team that won the Five Nations Championship in 1977 (Grand Slam), 1981(Grand Slam), and 1983.

He also played for a World XV on 9 August 1980 against  in Buenos Aires, losing 36-22.

He died of pancreatic cancer on 18 April 2001 in the 14th arrondissement of Paris.

Notes

1948 births
2001 deaths
Sportspeople from Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Rugby union players from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
French rugby union players
France international rugby union players
Rugby union props
Racing 92 players
Section Paloise players


Irony's Edge: The Theory and Politics of Irony is a non-fiction book written by Linda Hutcheon on the subject of irony. Hutcheon rejects the traditional definition of irony as antiphrasis, or saying the opposite of what one means. Instead, she suggests that irony is a “...semantically complex process of relating, differentiating, and combining said and unsaid meanings - and doing so with an evaluative edge” (p. 89). She argues this process of differentiation and relation involves a rapid oscillation between two different meanings; denotation and connotation cannot be seen simultaneously but are also inextricable from each other. She likens this to the famous ambiguous image involving the rabbit/duck.

Drawing on the concept of the speech genre put forth by Mikhail Bakhtin, and the work on irony by Wayne Booth, Hutcheon argues that irony relies heavily on knowledge shared within what she calls discursive communities. There is a vital relationship between ironist, interpreter and cultural context that allows irony to happen. By way of example, she discusses visiting an art show in Germany where she missed the artist’s ironic intents. After several years of living in Germany, she revisited the exhibit and got much more out of it because of her insider knowledge of contemporary German culture. She also suggests that lack of shared context, combined with the evaluative "edge" of can create situations where irony misfires.

Publication data
Hutcheon, Linda. Irony’s Edge: The Theory and Politics of Irony. London and New York: Routledge, 1994, .

References

Books about irony


You Gotta Stay Happy is a 1948 American romantic comedy film directed by H.C. Potter and starring Joan Fontaine, James Stewart and Eddie Albert. It was distributed by Universal-International and produced by Karl Tunberg. The film was written by Karl Tunberg and Robert Carson and was released on November 4, 1948. The story tells of a marital ruckus that causes pilot Marvin Payne to become enmeshed in the world of New York heiress Miss Diana Dillwood.

Plot
On her wedding day, New York heiress Diana "Dee Dee" Dillwood complains to her uncle and guardian, Ralph Tutwiler, that she is having second thoughts about her marriage to Henry Benson. Having gone through six previous broken engagements with Dee Dee, Ralph and psychologist Dr. Blucher advise her to stop doubting herself and "plunge into it" with Henry. She agrees, but as soon as she and Henry arrive at the Hampshire Hotel to start their honeymoon, she panics. Dee Dee tells Henry that their marriage is a mistake, but he declares that he will not be humiliated and lunges for her. Wearing a dressing gown, Dee Dee runs from their room and hides in the neighboring wedding suite, which is being occupied by Marvin Payne, a World War II army air force veteran trying to make it on a shoe-string with a startup air-freight business. Staying at the hotel courtesy of night manager Dick Hebert, Marvin has the misfortune of being roomed next to Dee Dee and Henry Benson.

When she enters Marvin's room, Dee Dee introduces herself as "Dottie Blucher," and Marvin assumes that she is a penniless country girl come to the city, who has descended to sleeping with married men to get by. All the while Payne does not realize that Miss Dillwood is independently wealthy and the married man she was to sleep with was the man she had just exchanged vows with that afternoon. Nonetheless, he agrees to allow Dee Dee to spend the night, and the over-excited Dee Dee asks the exhausted Marvin for a sleeping pill. Marvin phones Dick to have one delivered, and Dick's suspicions are aroused when he sees that Marvin is sleeping on the couch. As he searches the suite, Dee Dee hides and Dick leaves, satisfied that no "hanky-panky" is going on. Early the next morning, Marvin's business partner, fellow veteran, and co-pilot, Bullets Baker, shows up and finds Dee Dee knocked out by the pill. Marvin explains the situation, and as they have a scheduled flight to fly, he and Bullets try frantically to wake Dee Dee, but finally are caught by Dick. Marvin grudgingly agrees to give Dee Dee a lift out of town and encourages her to go back to home.

While Marvin and Dick rouse and dress Dee Dee in some of Marvin's pilot clothes, Bullets stalls a young couple who are due to be married in the suite. Then, Marvin and Bullets sneak the half-conscious Dee Dee out of the hotel and take her to the Newark, New Jersey airport, from which their twin-engine cargo plane is to fly. There, Dee Dee begs Marvin to fly her out of town, insinuating that she is in a serious predicament. Marvin agrees to take Dee Dee as far as Chicago, then learns that the free-wheeling Bullets sold the newlyweds from the hotel, Georgia and Milton Goodrich, two "tickets" to California for $100. Just before take-off, Dee Dee confesses to Marvin that she sold a man named Mr. Caslon a ticket to California for $300. During the flight, which they share with a cigar-smoking chimpanzee named Joe, Marvin reveals to Dee Dee that he is not going to marry until he has enough money to comfortably support a family, an eventuality he calculates will not occur until 1954.

When they land in Chicago, Dee Dee, who is falling for Marvin, reluctantly says goodbye to him, but he gives in and invites her to California. Soon after, a detective asks Marvin and Bullets if they are carrying a blonde who, along with her middle-aged partner, is wanted for embezzlement. The pilots answer no but come to the conclusion that the blonde is Dee Dee, especially after she returns from a shopping trip nicely dressed and bearing gifts (including a diamond ring for Georgia). Once back in the air, Marvin questions Dee Dee about her situation, but she is evasive. To Bullets' annoyance, Marvin decides not to land in Kansas City as planned but to go on to Tulsa to avoid authorities looking for Dee Dee. Near Tulsa, however, a storm hits and Marvin makes an emergency landing in a farm field.

After farmer Matt Racknell and his family invite the crew and passengers to spend the night in their home, Dee Dee and Marvin finally admit their mutual attraction and kiss. A guilt-ridden Caslon then confesses to Marvin that he is really Chalmers, the embezzler the policeman in Chicago was looking for and that his blonde secretary cajoled him into committing the crime. Now completely confused about Dee Dee, Marvin calls Dick in New York to inquire about her. The next morning, while trying to move the plane out of the muddy field, Marvin snubs Dee Dee without explanation. When Dee Dee finally realizes that he knows about her engagements and marriage, she tries to convince him that she truly loves him; however, he rejects her. With the help of some Cherokee Indians, the plane is pulled to dry land and takes off for California, without Dee Dee.

As soon as he lands in Burbank, Marvin learns that, because of the unexpected delays and other problems, his airline faces bankruptcy. However, during an impromptu stockholders meeting, Marvin discovers that Dee Dee has bought the company. Furious, Marvin finds Dee Dee at her aunt Martha's Bel Air home and informs her that he is not working for a woman. Dee Dee, who has just arranged for an annulment from Henry and has taken another sleeping pill, tries to argue with Marvin but falls asleep. The next day at the airport, she tells Marvin that he is going to run the company while she stays at and tends to the home. Dee Dee then presents Marvin with his own four-engine plane.

Cast

 Joan Fontaine as Diana "Dee Dee" Dillwood (alias Dottie Blucher)
 James Stewart as Marvin Payne
 Eddie Albert as Bullets Baker
 Roland Young as Uncle Ralph Tutwiler
 Willard Parker as Henry Benson
 Percy Kilbride as Mr. Matt Racknell
 Porter Hall as Mr. Chalmers (alias Mr. Caslon)
 Marcy McGuire as Georgia Goodrich
 Arthur Walsh as Milton Goodrich
 William Bakewell as Dick Hebert
 Paul Cavanagh as Dr. Blucher
 Halliwell Hobbes as Martin
 Fritz Feld as Pierre
 Stanley Prager as Jack Samuels
 Frank Jenks as Carnival Man
 Mary Forbes as Aunt Martha Tutwiler
 Edith Evanson as Mrs. Racknell
 Peter Roman as Barnabas
 Houseley Stevenson as Jud Tavis
 Emory Parnell as Bank Watchman
 Arthur Hohl as Cemetery Man
 Don Kohler as Ted
 Bert Conway as Neil
 Hal K. Dawson as Night Clerk
 Vera Marshe as Mae
 Jimmie Dodd as Curly
 Robert Rockwell as Eddie
 Joe the Chimp as himself

Production
The film was produced by Rampart Productions, who worked on Letter from an Unknown Woman earlier that year.

The opening animated sequence during the credits at the beginning of the film was done by Walter Lantz and his production company, being well known for famous Universal cartoons like Woody Woodpecker, Chilly Willy, and Andy Panda.

Home media availability
Universal first released the film on DVD on June 12, 2007, as part of the James Stewart Screen Legend Collection, a 3-disc set featuring four other films (Next Time We Love, Thunder Bay, The Glenn Miller Story, and Shenandoah). The film was re-released on August 24, 2011, as a stand-alone DVD as part of the Universal Vault Series. On May 17, 2016, Universal re-released the film again as part of the Universal Hollywood Icons Collection: James Stewart, a 2-disc set featuring three other films (Harvey, Winchester '73, and The Glenn Miller Story).

References

External links

1948 films
1948 romantic comedy films
American aviation films
American black-and-white films
American romantic comedy films
1940s English-language films
Films directed by H. C. Potter
Films scored by Daniele Amfitheatrof
Universal Pictures films
1940s American films


Roberta Pedranzini (born 21 August 1971) is an Italian ski mountaineer.

Pedranzini was born in Bormio. She started ski mountaineering in 2000 and competed first in the Giro del Monviso race in 2003. She has been member of the Italian national team since 2004.

Selected results
 2004:
 2nd, Sellaronda Skimarathon (together with Francesca Martinelli)
 2005:
 7th, European Championship single race
 2006:
 1st, World Championship single race
 1st, World Championship team race (together with Francesca Martinelli)
 1st, World Championship relay race (together with Francesca Martinelli, Chiara Raso and Gloriana Pellissier)
 1st, World Cup single
 1st, Tour du Rutor (together with Francesca Martinelli)
 2nd, World Championship vertical race
 2007:
 1st, European Championship team race (together with Francesca Martinelli)
 1st, European Championship relay race (together with Francesca Martinelli and Gloriana Pellissier)
 1st, European Championship combination ranking
 1st, World Cup single
 1st, Sellaronda Skimarathon (together with Francesca Martinelli)
 2nd, European Championship vertical race
 2nd, European Championship single race
 2008:
 1st, World Championship single race
 1st, World Championship vertical race
 1st, World Championship team race (together with Francesca Martinelli)
 1st, World Championship combination ranking
 1st, Dolomiti Cup team (together with Francesca Martinelli)
 2nd, World Championship relay race (together with Gloriana Pellissier, Francesca Martinelli and Elisa Fleischmann)
 2009:
 1st, European Championship single race
 1st, European Championship vertical race
 1st, European Championship team race (together with Francesca Martinelli)
 1st, European Championship relay race (together with Gloriana Pellissier and Francesca Martinelli)
 1st, European Championship combination ranking
 1st, Tour du Rutor (together with Francesca Martinelli)
 2nd, Dachstein Xtreme
 3rd, Valtellina Orobie World Cup race
 2010:
 1st, World Championship relay race (together with Francesca Martinelli and Silvia Rocca)
 1st, World Championship vertical race
 1st, World Championship team race (together with Francesca Martinelli)
 1st, World Championship combination ranking
 2nd, World Championship single race
 2011:
 2nd, World Championship team race (together with Francesca Martinelli)
 1st and course record, Sellaronda Skimarathon (together with Francesca Martinelli)

Pierra Menta

 2006: 1st, together with Francesca Martinelli
 2007: 1st, together with Francesca Martinelli
 2008: 2nd, together with Francesca Martinelli
 2009: 1st, together with Francesca Martinelli
 2010: 1st, together with Francesca Martinelli
 2011: 2nd, together with Francesca Martinelli
 2012: 1st, together with Francesca Martinelli

Trofeo Mezzalama

 2007: 1st,together with Francesca Martinelli and Gloriana Pellissier
 2009: 1st,together with Francesca Martinelli and Laëtitia Roux
 2011: 1st, together with Francesca Martinelli and Gloriana Pellissier

Patrouille des Glaciers

 2010: 2nd, together with Silvia Rocca and Francesca Martinelli

External links
 Roberta Pedranzini at skimountaineering.org

References

1971 births
Living people
Sportspeople from the Province of Sondrio
Skiers from Lombardy
Italian female ski mountaineers
World ski mountaineering champions


Pedranzini may refer to:

Fabrizio Pedranzini (born 1954), Italian ski mountaineer and cross-country skier
Federico Pedranzini (born 1989), Italian ski mountaineer
Giambattista Pedranzini (1711–1761), Jesuit missionary
Pietro Pedranzini (1826-1903), Italian Lieutenant
Roberta Pedranzini (born 1971), Italian ski mountaineer

Italian-language surnames


John Brian Gilbert (17 July 1887 – 28 July 1974) was an English men's singles tennis player.

Gilbert competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics and the 1922-1933 Wimbledon Championships. Gilbert reached the semi-finals at Wimbledon in 1922, beating Theodore Mavrogordato before losing to Randolph Lycett.

Grand Slam finals

Mixed doubles: (1 title)

References

External links

1887 births
1974 deaths
English male tennis players
Olympic tennis players for Great Britain
Tennis players at the 1924 Summer Olympics
British male tennis players
Place of birth missing
Year of death unknown
Wimbledon champions (pre-Open Era)
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doubles


Kalpathi Ramakrishna Ramanathan (28 February 189331 December 1984) was an Indian physicist and meteorologist. He was the first Director of Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad. From 1954 to 1957, Ramanathan was President of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). Ramanathan was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1965 and Padma Vibhushan in 1976.

Early life
Ramanathan was born in Kalpathi, Palakkad to Ramakrishna Sastrigal, an astrologer, printer and Sanskrit scholar. After completing secondary school, he entered the Government Victoria College, Palakkad in 1909. In 1911, he received a government scholarship to attend the Presidency College, Madras, where he studied for a B.A. (Hons.) degree in physics. He received his honours degree in 1914, and an M.A. two years later in 1916. After taking his M.A., the principal of the Maharaja's College of Science in Thiruvananthapuram in Travancore (now the University College Thiruvananthapuram), who was one of his examiners, offered him the post of a demonstrator in physics. At the college, Ramanathan enjoyed the freedom to conduct his own investigations and to hone his laboratory skills. He travelled across the kingdom and developed the first rainfall map of Travancore; in conjunction with this study, he published his first research paper: "On Thunderstorms over Trivandrum." In late 1921, Ramanathan moved to Calcutta to collaborate with C. V. Raman, who had accepted him as a doctoral student, on studies of X-ray diffraction in liquids. For this work, in June 1922 he received the first-ever D.Sc. degree awarded by the University of Madras. He joined Rangoon University as assistant professor of physics in late 1922. During the university holidays, he continued to carry out post-doctoral research under Raman's guidance, and in 1923 observed an unusual "fluorescence" in a beam of light when it was diffracted in water - which Raman eventually concluded was an effect caused by the substance, associated with a change in frequency equal to the molecular vibrational frequency.

India Meteorological Department
In 1925, Ramanathan was appointed as a senior scientist in the India Meteorological Department. Over the next 20 years, he made numerous observations and conducted studies on the nature of the atmosphere, atmospheric ozone, monsoonal patterns and solar and atmospheric radiation, among other areas. As director of the Colaba and Alibag Magnetic Observatories and subsequently as director of the Kodaikanal Solar Physics Observatory, he had a role in their later conversions to the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism and the Indian Institute of Astrophysics. Appointed Superintending Meteorologist of the Poona Observatory during the Second World War, he assisted in training meteorological personnel for the Indian Air Force as it rapidly expanded during the wartime years.

Physical Research Laboratory
Having reached the statutory retirement age of 55 in 1948, Ramanathan left the Indian Meteorological Department that year and joined the newly established Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmadabad as its first director. He established Dobson ozone spectrophotometer stations in India and expanded on his earlier researches into atmospheric ozone; among his major contributions to the field was elucidating the relationship of atmospheric ozone in connection to atmospheric circulation. During his time at the PRL, he and his students made important contributions to studies on the physics of the ionosphere. Under Ramanathan's directorship, the PRL also played an important role in building the early Indian space programme, notably through testing sounding rockets and helping to develop the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS).

Later life
Ramanathan retired in 1966 but continued to serve PRL as Emeritus Professor until his death on New Year's Eve 1984 at the age of 91. He guided over 30 research scholars during his scientific career. While a student at Presidency College Madras, he married Parvati Ammal, the daughter of a railways official, with whom he had four daughters and two sons. His wife predeceased him in 1952.

Honours and awards
Foundation Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences (FASc; 1934)
Foundation Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy (FNA; 1935)
Title of Diwan Bahadur (British Government, 1943 Birthday Honours list)
Fellow of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (FIAS; 1952)
International Meteorological Organization Prize of the World Meteorological Organization (1959).
Honorary Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society (Hon. FRMetS; 1960)
Padma Bhushan (1965)
Padma Vibhushan (1976)
The Aryabhata Medal, awarded by Indian National Science Academy, 1977

The Kalpathi Ramakrishna Ramanathan Medal was established in 1987 in honor of him by the Indian National Science Academy.

Notes

References

1893 births
1984 deaths
20th-century Indian physicists
Indian meteorologists
Presidency College, Chennai alumni
Scientists from Kerala
People from Palakkad district
University of Madras alumni
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering
Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in science & engineering
Government Victoria College, Palakkad alumni
Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences
Dewan Bahadurs
Maharaja's College, Ernakulam alumni
20th-century Indian earth scientists
Space programme of India
Presidents of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics


How to Marry a Millionaire is an American sitcom that aired in syndication and on the
NTA Film Network from October 7, 1957 to August 20, 1959. The series is based on the 1953 film of the same name starring Marilyn Monroe, Betty Grable, and Lauren Bacall.

The series stars Lori Nelson, Merry Anders, and Barbara Eden. Lisa Gaye joined the cast in the second season after Lori Nelson left the series. How to Marry a Millionaire was one of the first television sitcoms based on a feature film, and was the first series that Barbara Eden was featured in as a regular cast member. Eden would go on to play one of her more notable roles, "Jeannie" in the NBC sitcom I Dream of Jeannie.

Synopsis

Season one
The series follows the adventures and mishaps of three 20-something women who are attempting to marry a rich man. The three women are Greta Hanson (Nelson), a sophisticated, college educated co-hostess of the quiz show Go For Broke; Michelle "Mike" McCall (Anders), an intelligent (and often scheming), wise cracking Wall Street secretary; and Loco Jones (Eden), a ditzy but good-hearted "Miss Magoo"-esque fashion model who, despite having very poor eyesight, refuses to wear her glasses in the presence of men. As in the film, the three women have concocted a scheme to land a rich husband by placing themselves in the same social scene as rich bachelors. The three rent a pricey penthouse apartment together at the Tower House on Park Avenue and vow to help each other land a rich husband. While their address may be ritzy, Greta, Mike and Loco struggle to make the rent, are constantly faced with the threat of eviction and barely make ends meet.

In the series' initial episodes, Dabbs Greer portrayed Mr. Blandish, the Tower House's building manager who frequently threatens the women with eviction due to their failure to pay the rent on time. Midway through the first season, Joseph Kearns was cast as the building manager, Augustus P. Tobey. Mr. Tobey is also regularly annoyed by Greta, Mike and Loco because of their inability to pay the rent on time and is constantly trying to get the women evicted. Also appearing in a recurring role is Jimmy Cross, the building's elevator operator Jesse Flouge who often helps, and sometimes hinders, the women in their millionaire husband landing schemes.

The original, unaired pilot episode was shot in Spring 1957. Lori Nelson appeared as Greta Lindquist (the character's last name was later changed to Hanson), Loco Jones was played by Charlotte Austin and Doe Avedon (ex-wife of photographer Richard Avedon) portrayed Mike McCall. Joseph Kearns, who was later cast in the series as the women's building manager, appeared in the pilot as Mike's co-worker Maurice. After all three major networks passed on the series, National Telefilm Associates and 20th Century-Fox Television (which owned part of the series) sold and distributed the series to 115 independent syndicated channels.
Millionaire was included in a package deal with two other NTA productions, This Is Alice and Man Without a Gun, that subscribing syndicated channels aired in a programming block on the same night. After the series was sold, Charlotte Austin and Doe Avedon's roles were recast. Approximately seventy actresses auditioned for the roles of Loco and Mike before producers chose Barbara Eden and Merry Anders.

Season two
How to Marry a Millionaire was generally well received by critics and audiences and a second, abbreviated season was ordered. However, Lori Nelson's character was written out and a new character, Gwen Kirby (Lisa Gaye), was added to the cast.  Nelson later said she chose to quit the show stating, "I felt that I was the biggest of the three actresses in terms of star status...I felt that I needed to move on. I didn't need to be stuck in that little series that was in syndication." However, Nelson's co-star Merry Anders said that Nelson was fired. According to Anders, the series' entire first season, 39 episodes, was shot before the series debuted on television. While promoting the series shortly before its debut, Nelson gave an interview in which she reported that she was disappointed with her role. She stated that she felt her role was not as well defined as that of her co-stars, who were more clearly based on their film counterparts (Mike McCall was patterned after Lauren Bacall's role while Barbara Eden's character was a combination of the Betty Grable and Marilyn Monroe role). Anders stated that when the series' production company, National Telefilm Associates, got wind of Nelson's remarks, they fired her.

After Nelson's departure, her character was written out by having her marry a gas station owner and relocating to California. The second-season premiere episode, "Cherchez la Roommate", deals with Loco and Mike trying to find a suitable replacement for Greta or face eviction. Mr. Tobey is delighted that he finally has a legitimate reason to throw the women out and gives them one week to find a new roommate or get evicted. After a disastrous attempt to find a new roommate through a want ad in the newspaper, Loco and Mike are introduced to Gwen Kirby, a new girl in town who needs a place to live. After learning of Mike and Loco's plan to land a rich husband, Gwen agrees  to help with their plan and becomes the third roommate.

After an abbreviated second season consisting of thirteen episodes, How to Marry a Millionaire was canceled.

Cast

Main
 Barbara Eden as Loco Jones
 Merry Anders as Michelle "Mike" McCall
 Lori Nelson as Greta Hansen (Season 1)
 Lisa Gaye as Gwen Kirby (Season 2)

During the series' first season, Eden was billed third. After Lori Nelson left the series, Eden was billed first.

Recurring
 Dabbs Greer as Mr. Blandish
 Joseph Kearns as Augustus P. Tobey
 Jimmy Cross as Jesse Flouge

Notable guest stars
 Morey Amsterdam
 Richard Deacon
 Stacy Keach Sr.
 Werner Klemperer
 Ted Knight
 Charles Lane
 Amanda Randolph
 Vito Scotti
 Willard Waterman

Episodes

Season 1 (1957–58)
The first season of How to Marry a Millionaire premiered on October 7, 1957, and ended in July 1958, after 39 episodes.

Season 2 (1958−59)
The abbreviated second season lasted 13 episodes. The second season aired from October 7, 1958, to August 20, 1959. The series was on hiatus from January to June 1959.

Production notes
How to Marry a Millionaire was one of the first television series filmed by Twentieth Century Fox. The series was executive produced by Nat Perrin and Irving Asher, and produced by Ben Feiner, Jr. and Paul Jones.

Home media
On February 21, 2017, the first season was released on manufactured-on-demand DVD by CBS Home Entertainment. Season two was released on September 18, 2017.

Footnotes

References

External links

1957 American television series debuts
1959 American television series endings
1950s American sitcoms
Black-and-white American television shows
English-language television shows
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Live action television shows based on films
Television series based on adaptations
Television series by CBS Studios
Television series by 20th Century Fox Television
Television shows set in New York City
Wealth in the United States


Ciao! is the second studio album from the Canadian electronic DJ/producer Tiga. It was released April 27, 2009 on Tiga's own label Turbo and the international label PIAS.

Reception

Initial critical response to Ciao! was generally positive. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 76, based on 11 reviews.

Track listing

All tracks co-written and co-produced by Tiga.

Singles
"Mind Dimension" was the first released single from the album. Though "Shoes" was premiered on Tiga's Myspace page, being played more than 10,000 times in its first day. "Mind Dimension" was released with 2 versions:

Version A [2-Track Version]
 Mind Dimension 2 (6:27)
 Mind Dimension 1 (6:07)

Version B [3-Track Version]
 Mind Dimension 2 (6:22)
 Mind Dimension 1 (6:05)
 Mind Dimension (The Bloody Beetroots Remix) (3:46)

Charts

References

External links

2009 albums
Tiga (musician) albums


Ranking Stone (born 14 January 1973) is a Puerto Rican reggaeton artist. He made four albums, Censurado being the most known. Censurado charted in the United States, reaching #36 on the Billboard Latin Albums chart and #4 on its Tropical Albums chart.

Discography

Studio albums
Atrevido (1994)
Different Styles (1995)
Censurado (2003)
Al Rescate (2006)

Singles

 Sigue Batiendo 2 (con Brewley MC) (1992)
 Pide Mas (1994)
Lirica Decente (1995)
A Dios Le Pido (1996)
Si Es Cuestión (1997)
Llego El Escuadron (1998)
En Panama (1999)
Que Melones (2000)
Yo Soy Un Bellako (2001)
El Lechero (2002)
Baila Conmigo (con Trebol Clan) (2003)
Dale Mai (con Cheka) (2003)
Tu Sabes (2004)
Vuelvo & Salgo (2005)
 Donde Estas? (con Juno) (2006)
 Princesa (2007)
Como Entender (con Jennifer Peña) (2008)
 A Romper La Disco (2009)
Ware Monton (2010)
Que Siga La Fiesta (con El Chicano) (2011)
Lobo De Amor (con El Chicano) (2012)
Enciende El Phillie (con Kris-D & El Trovon) (2013)
 Hasta Que Salga El Sol (2014)
Reggaeton The Movie (2015)
Mambo (2016)
Hello (con Alberto Stylee, Falo & Rey Pirin) (2017)
El Bam, Bam (2018)
Qué Baúl (2019)

References

Puerto Rican reggaeton musicians
Puerto Rican musicians
Living people
1973 births


"Entends-tu le monde?" is the first single released from 7 vies, the second French-language album by Australian singer Tina Arena. The title roughly translates into English as "Do you hear the world?". The music video for the song was directed by Fabien Dulfils in and around Sydney in December and premiered in early January. The song received a physical release as a CD single in France on 11 February 2008.

Song information
The track has a similar musical style to that found on Arena's previous album Un autre univers with its Senegalese choir and Persian guitars. These eastern influences were particularly prominent on the singles "Je m'appelle Bagdad" and "Aimer jusqu'à l'impossible". Lyrically, the song presents a message of hope for the future.

Senegalese singer Thione Seck originally composed the song and the French lyrics were written by Audrey Siourd. The track was produced by Un Chat who is also known as DJ Molecule.

Track listing
"Entends-tu le monde?" (radio edit) (Seck) – 3:33
"Ailleurs" (Tina Arena, Paul Begaud, Vanessa Corish) – 3:57

Release history

Charts

References

2007 singles
French-language songs
French pop songs
Tina Arena songs
2007 songs
Columbia Records singles


Thomas J. Walker was a footballer who played on the right-wing for Burslem Port Vale and Burton Swifts in the 1890s.

Career
Walker probably joined Burslem Port Vale in December 1891. He scored a goal on his debut at outside-right in a 3–1 defeat at Doncaster Rovers in a Midland League match on 12 December 1891. He was a first team regular and managed to bag a goal in the 2–0 Staffordshire Charity Cup final triumph over local rivals Stoke on 7 May 1892. He scored three goals in 15 Second Division games in the 1892–93 season. His first goal in the English Football League came on 24 September, in a 4–1 win over Crewe Alexandra at the Athletic Ground, and he later claimed goals in home defeats to Darwen and Ardwick. He was transferred to Burton Swifts in March 1893.

Career statistics
Source:

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
English men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Port Vale F.C. players
Burton Swifts F.C. players
Midland Football League players
English Football League players
Place of birth missing