Alexandra Anna Daddario (born March 16, 1986) is an American actress. She had her breakthrough portraying Annabeth Chase in the Percy Jackson film series (2010–2013). She has since starred as Paige in Hall Pass (2011), Heather Miller in Texas Chainsaw 3D (2013), Blake Gaines in San Andreas (2015), Summer Quinn in Baywatch (2017), and Alexis Butler in We Summon the Darkness (2019). She has also guest starred in television series such as White Collar, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, True Detective, New Girl, and American Horror Story: Hotel. In 2021, she starred in the first season of the HBO series The White Lotus, for which she received widespread critical acclaim and an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie in 2022. In 2023 she began playing the lead role of Dr. Rowan Fielding in the  AMC show Mayfair Witches based on  a series of novels written by author Anne Rice.

Early life and education
Alexandra Anna Daddario was born in New York City on March 16, 1986, the eldest child of Christina, a lawyer, and Richard Daddario, a prosecutor and former head of the New York City Police Department counterterrorism unit. She is of Italian, Irish, English, and Czech descent. She has a younger brother, Matthew Daddario, and a younger sister, Catharine, who are both actors as well. Her paternal grandfather was Emilio Q. Daddario, a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Connecticut from 1959 to 1971.

Daddario was raised on Manhattan's Upper East Side. She attended Brearley School and the Professional Children's School. Daddario said she decided to be an actress at the age of 11. "I always loved storytelling," she stated in 2019. "It was just something I genuinely wanted to do – and I could've done anything, really. I did have every opportunity on the planet." She attended Marymount Manhattan College before dropping out to pursue acting full-time. She has spent years studying the Meisner acting technique.

Career

2010–2015: Early work and recognition
Daddario made her television debut at the age of 15, when she played victimized girl Laurie Lewis in the ABC daytime soap opera All My Children. Her first major role was as Annabeth Chase in the fantasy adventure film Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (2010). She also had a recurring role as Neal Caffrey's love interest, Kate Moreau, in the USA Network procedural drama series White Collar. In 2011, she appeared in the comedy film Hall Pass and had a recurring role as Rachel in NBC's comedy-drama series Parenthood.

In 2012, Daddario starred in the music video for Imagine Dragons' song "Radioactive", which surpassed 1 billion views on YouTube. She appeared as a guest in an episode of the FX sitcom It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, in which she portrayed Ruby Taft. Her first starring role after Percy Jackson was as lead character Heather Miller in the slasher film Texas Chainsaw 3D (2013). In August 2013, Daddario reprised her role as Annabeth Chase in the film sequel Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters. She then appeared in the romantic horror comedy Burying the Ex. Burying the Ex premiered out of competition at the Venice Film Festival in 2014.

In January 2013, Daddario was cast in the first season of the HBO anthology series True Detective. She appeared in a four-episode arc as Lisa Tragnetti, a court reporter having an extramarital affair with one of the main characters; her nude scene with Woody Harrelson attracted much attention. The following year, she had a lead role as Blake Gaines in the disaster film San Andreas and made a cameo appearance in the pilot of the Fox comedy series The Last Man on Earth.  That same year, she made a guest appearance on American Horror Story: Hotel, portraying a fictionalized version of designer Natacha Rambova.

2016–2020: Breakthrough
In 2016, Daddario had a supporting role in the Nicholas Sparks romantic drama film The Choice, directed by Ross Katz. Daddario subsequently starred as one of the leads in the film adaptation of Baywatch (2017). She played Summer Quinn, who was portrayed by Nicole Eggert in the original television series. That same year, Daddario portrayed Kate Jeffries in the road trip comedy The Layover (2017), directed by William H. Macy.

In 2018, Daddario appeared in the music video "Wait" by Maroon 5 and starred as Avery Martin in the romantic comedy When We First Met, opposite the film's co-writer Adam DeVine. Daddario made a cameo appearance as a scuba diver in Rampage, directed by San Andreas filmmaker Brad Peyton, but her scenes were cut from the final film. Daddario starred as Constance Blackwood in We Have Always Lived in the Castle, a film adaptation of Shirley Jackson's mystery thriller novel of the same name. Daddario also starred in the psychological thriller Night Hunter, which premiered at the LA Film Festival on September 28, 2018. Daddario portrayed Jade in the first season of the CBS All Access series Why Women Kill (2019-2021). In 2019, Daddario starred in and produced two films, the romantic comedy Can You Keep a Secret?, based on the novel of the same name by Sophie Kinsella, and the horror thriller We Summon the Darkness, directed by Marc Meyers.

In 2020, Daddario provided the voice of Lois Lane in the superhero animated film Superman: Man of Tomorrow and starred in the noir film Lost Girls & Love Hotels. She also appeared in Songbird, the first film shot in Los Angeles during the COVID-19 pandemic.

2021–present: The White Lotus and mainstream recognition
In 2021 she appeared in the HBO social satire series The White Lotus and the film Die in a Gunfight. For her performance in the former, she received widespread critical acclaim alongside the rest of the cast, with The Hollywood Reporter declaring that her performance "should redefine how audiences and casting directors see her." She was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie in 2022.

Daddario starred in the 2022 coming-of-age film Wildflower. Beginning in 2023, she starred in the AMC series Mayfair Witches, based on the Anne Rice novel series Lives of the Mayfair Witches.

Personal life
Since about 2020, she has been in a relationship with producer Andrew Form. On December 2, 2021, they announced their engagement. They were married in June 2022.

Filmography

Film

Television

Web

Music videos

Video games

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Daddario family
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from New York City
American child actresses
American film actresses
American people of Czech descent
American people of English descent
American people of Hungarian descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Italian descent
American soap opera actresses
American television actresses
American video game actresses
American voice actresses
Brearley School alumni
Marymount Manhattan College alumni
Actors from the Upper East Side


Castellciutat () is a village in the municipality of la Seu d'Urgell (Alt Urgell, Catalonia). In the past it was called Ciutat (City in English) but is now called either Ciutat or Castellciutat. It has a population of 451 inhabitants.

There is an old castle, Castell de Ciutat (Castle of the City), which gives its name to the village.

See also
El Balcó del Pirineu

References

La Seu d'Urgell
Populated places in Alt Urgell


An Bá is a commune (xã) and village in Sơn Động District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Yên Định is a commune (xã) and village in Sơn Động District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Tuấn Đạo is a commune (xã) and village in Sơn Động District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Bồng Am is a commune (xã) and village in Sơn Động District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Thanh Luận is a commune (xã) and village in Sơn Động District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Cẩm Đàn is a commune (xã) and village in Sơn Động District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Giáo Liêm is a commune (xã) and village in Sơn Động District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


The 2009 Vodafone Rally de Portugal was the 43rd running of the Rally Portugal and the fourth round of the 2009 World Rally Championship season. It took place between 2-5 April 2009 and consisted of 18 special stages.

The event was won by Citroën's Sébastien Loeb ahead of Ford's Mikko Hirvonen and Loeb's teammate Dani Sordo. Norwegian drivers Petter Solberg, his brother Henning Solberg and Mads Østberg took the following positions. The last point-scoring places went to Federico Villagra and Khalid al-Qassimi, after Evgeny Novikov crashed out from eighth place on stage 15, and fifth-placed Matthew Wilson and now eighth-placed Conrad Rautenbach both retired on the penultimate stage.

The early leader Jari-Matti Latvala had a big crash on the fourth stage, rolling his Ford Focus WRC 17 times over a distance of 150 metres. Marcus Grönholm, who came out of retirement to contest the rally in a Prodrive-prepared Subaru Impreza WRC, crashed out from fourth place on stage eight.

Results

Special stages

References

External links

 Official site

Portugal
Rally de Portugal
Rally Portugal


Đại Sơn is a commune (xã) and village in Sơn Động District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Phúc Sơn is a commune (xã) and village in Sơn Động District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Thạch Sơn may refer to several places in Vietnam, including:

, a rural commune of Anh Sơn District
, a rural commune of Lâm Thao District
, a rural commune of Thạch Hà District
, a rural commune of Thạch Thành District
 Former Thạch Sơn commune of Sơn Động District, Bắc Giang Province; now part of Phúc Sơn commune


Quế Nham is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Việt Lập is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Liên Chung is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


The 2009 season was Daegu F.C.'s 7th season in South Korea's K-League.

Season summary

This season would transpire to be one of the worst, if not the worst, in the club's history.  In a now expanded league of 15 clubs, thanks to new entrant Gangwon FC, Daegu would finish last. Jang Nam-Seok, who had played for the club since 2006 and has been a prolific scorer for the club, was appointed captain for the 2009 season.   While defensively, there had been improvements, the club lost its attacking focus of the previous season.  The leading scorer of the previous season, Lee Keun-Ho had completed his contract and moved to Japanese club Júbilo Iwata and Eninho, who had been one of the club's best performing imports, transferred to Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors.  Their replacements, Émile Mbamba and Lazar Popović, were not of the same calibre, and would be released mid-season.

Only five games were won all season in the K-League.  That even five games were won was fortunate, and this number is somewhat deceptive as it was as late as the 21st round that the club had but a single win.  It was only a late season string of four consecutive wins that saved the club's blushes.  This late season revival was far too late to lift the club from the foot of the table, from where it had been anchored since round 11 of the competition.  An midseason incoming transfer, Leo would score four goals while midfielder draftee Lee Seul-Ki scored three goals from 25 games.  That a midfielder playing as an occasional part-time forward would be the club's second highest scorer only highlighted the club's lack of offensive penetration.

In the FA Cup, Daegu made it to the quarterfinals, beating Gyeongnam FC in a penalty shootout in the round of 16.  In the quarterfinal itself, against Daejeon Citizen, the game finished as a one all draw, Daegu's goal coming from Lee Seul-Ki.  For the second consecutive match, the result would come down to a penalty shootout. This time, Daegu lost out.  In the league cup, now known as the Peace Cup Korea 2009 finished third in their group, one point away from qualifying for the knockout phase of the cup.  Cho Hyung-Ik, another midfielder, would be the club's highest scorer in the competition with three goals.

Off the field, Park Jong-Sun was elected as the third representative director of Daegu FC on 11 May 2009.  Lee Dae-Sub and Choi Jong-Joon were the preceding representative directors.  Daegu FC also signed a memorandum of understanding with the regionalised 4th level of Argentinian football Torneo Argentino B side Deportivo Coreano on 31 August 2009.  It was hoped that this will lead to promising Argentinean players playing for the club.

The 2009 season also saw a change in the club's kit provider; Joma replaced previous supplier Lotto Sport Italia.

On December 22, 2009, Daegu FC appointed Lee Young-jin as manager to lead the club for the 2010 season.  Lee, who has previously coached FC Seoul, replaced Byun Byung-Joo who had been manager since 2006.  Byun resigned after being embroiled in a scandal involving a player's agent and payoffs for selecting specific players.

Squad

Players In/Out

In

Out

Statistics
Updated to games played 1 November 2009.

|}

K-League

Matches

Standings

Results summary

Results by round

Korean FA Cup

Matches

Peace Cup Korea

Matches

Standings

See also
Daegu F.C.

References

External links
Daegu FC Official website

2009
Daegu


Cao Xá is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Ngọc Lý is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Ngọc Thiện is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam. it is contiguous with the smaller location of Ải Thôn to the northeast.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Ngọc Châu is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Ngọc Vân is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Hợp Đức is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Phúc Hòa is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Liên Sơn is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Tân Trung is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


An Dương is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Lan Giới is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Ambrose Arthur Samson (14 October 1897 – 1980) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham. He played as a goalkeeper.

Samson was born in Measham, Leicestershire, and began his football career with Measham Town before joining Birmingham in 1922. He made his debut in the First Division on 3 March 1923, deputising for Dan Tremelling in a game at Preston North End which Birmingham won 3–2. Tremelling's form restricted Samson to two appearances that season, at the end of which he returned to non-league football with Burton Town.

The 1939 Register lists Samson as living with his wife, Elsie, in Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire, and working as a colliery winding engineer. He died in 1980 in Coalville, Leicestershire, at the age of 82.

References

1897 births
1980 deaths
People from Measham
Footballers from Leicestershire
English men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Measham Town F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Burton Town F.C. players
English Football League players
Date of death missing


Nhã Nam is a township () in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province
Townships in Vietnam


Đại Hóa is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Quang Tiến is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Phúc Sơn may refer to several places in Vietnam, including:

, a rural commune of Nghĩa Lộ.
Phúc Sơn, Sơn Động, a rural commune of Sơn Động District, Bắc Giang Province.
Phúc Sơn, Tân Yên, a rural commune of Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province.
, a rural commune of Anh Sơn District.
, a rural commune of Chiêm Hóa District.


Lam Cốt is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Việt Ngọc is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Song Vân is a commune (xã) and village in Tân Yên District (huyện), Bắc Giang Province (tỉnh), in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Maria Sharapova was the defending champion, but could not compete due to a long-term shoulder injury.

Caroline Wozniacki beat Aleksandra Wozniak in the final, 6–1, 6–2.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

External links
 ITF tournament edition details

2009 WTA Tour
2009 Singles


Don't Let the Angels Fall is a 1969 Canadian drama film directed by George Kaczender. In 1971, it was named Best Foreign Feature Film by the Critics and Journalists Association of Ceylon.

Plot
A Montreal businessman (Arthur Hill), who's going through a mid-life crisis and on a business trip out of town, has a brief affair with a divorcée (Sharon Acker). His family is falling apart and his wife (Charmion King) seems incapable of understanding what's going on.

Cast

References

Works cited

External links

National Film Board of Canada Web page

1969 films
1969 drama films
Canadian drama films
Canadian black-and-white films
English-language Canadian films
Films directed by George Kaczender
National Film Board of Canada films
Works by Timothy Findley
Films produced by John Kemeny
1960s English-language films
1960s Canadian films
English-language drama films


Quang Châu is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Ninh Sơn is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Tiên Sơn is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Trung Sơn is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Nathaniel "Nath" Miller (born September 21, 1979) is a male water polo player from Canada. He won three bronze medals at the Pan American Games with the Canada men's national water polo team during his career.

Playing as a driver Miller was named MVP at the 2002 Commonwealth Water Polo Championships. He won  the 2003 French Elite division championship with the Olympic Nice Club, and the 2006 Brazilian Elite division championship with Fluminense from Rio de Janeiro. Miller has a degree in history from the University of Calgary.

His past positions include a coaching position at Chelsea Piers in Stamford, Connecticut.

Former the head coach and athletic director of the Calgary Renegades Water Polo Club.

References
 Canadian Olympic Committee
 Calgary Renegades Water Polo Club

1979 births
Living people
Anglophone Quebec people
Canadian male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for Canada
Water polo players from Montreal
University of Calgary alumni
Water polo players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Brazil
Expatriate water polo players
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in France
Pan American Games medalists in water polo
Water polo players at the 1999 Pan American Games
Water polo players at the 2003 Pan American Games
Water polo players at the 2007 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1999 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
Canadian water polo coaches
Expatriate sports coaches
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in the United States


Nghĩa Trung is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Breaking Point is a 2009 action-thriller film starring Tom Berenger, Busta Rhymes, Musetta Vander and Sticky Fingaz. It is directed by Jeff Celentano with a screenplay written by Vincent Campanella. The film was showcased in Cannes and was released theatrically on December 4, 2009.

Plot summary

Cast
 Tom Berenger as Steven Luisi
 Busta Rhymes as Al Bowen
 Armand Assante as Marty Berlin
 Musetta Vander as Celia Hernandez
 Frankie Faison as Judge Green
 Sticky Fingaz as Richard Allen (as Kirk 'Sticky Fingaz' Jones)
 Curtiss Cook as Byron Young
 Jill Nicolini as 	Veronica Taylor

References

External links

2009 films
2009 action thriller films
2000s American films
2000s English-language films
American action thriller films
Films directed by Jeff Celentano
Films scored by Pinar Toprak


Hồng Thái is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Tăng Tiến is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Quảng Minh is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam. As of 2009 the population of Quang Minh is 4,610.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Vân Hà is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Vân Trung is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Việt Tiến is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Thượng Lan is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.
Thượng Lan includes Cham, Ha Thuong, Son Ha, Ha, Ha Boi, Ruong, Nguon.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Minh Đức is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Tự Lạn is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Alfonso "Chito" Yanga Miranda Jr. (born February 7, 1976) is a Filipino singer-songwriter and occasional actor, best known as one of the founding members and lead singer for the band Parokya ni Edgar.

Early life and career

Miranda attended grade school and high school at the Ateneo de Manila University where he met Gab Chee Kee, Vinci Montaner, Jeric Estaco, and Mikko Yap. They formed a garage band during their high school years.

The group was known in school to be class clowns. Normally in shows, they would show up in women's clothing to entertain victims of earthquakes and typhoons and sing off-key in poetry readings.

They eventually landed the role of front act band for the locally well-known Filipino alternative rock band Eraserheads. Later on, childhood friend Buwi Meneses and schoolmate Dindin Moreno joined as bassist and drummer, respectively. When they graduated high school, Estaco and Yap decided to leave the group to pursue other interests. Shortly thereafter, Darius Semaña (lead guitar), Meneses's former bandmate, joined to complete the sextet.

Originally Parokya ni Edgar was called 'Comic Relief'. However, they decided to change the name in homage to a Noli me tangere joke in their student days.

Later on, Parokya ni Edgar performed regularly in Club Dredd, one of the famous clubs in Manila during that time. The band slowly gained popularity during the height of the Filipino rock explosion, with the local rock community opening up to the influence of foreign grunge acts such as Nirvana, Pearl Jam and Soundgarden.

Eventually the late managing director of Universal Records, Bella Dy Tan and Alexis Tan signed them as contract artists after witnessing one of their performances at Club Dredd. The band garnered a triple platinum award for their first album Khangkhungkherrnitz.

Personal life

Relationships and lifestyle
Miranda is good friends with fellow Filipino artists Kamikazee vocalist Jay Contreras, and rappers Gloc-9 and the late Francis Magalona. Miranda is a member of the Alpha Kappa Rho fraternity in Ateneo de Manila University batch 1994. Miranda is also notable amongst the public as a fishing and shooting sports enthusiast. Known to be a heavy smoker since high school, Miranda quit smoking after undergoing an executive health check-up in late 2013.

Miranda was in a relationship with actress Kaye Abad which lasted until 2009. In 2014, Miranda married actress Neri Naig twice: in a civil ceremony on December 13 and in a formal wedding in Tagaytay the following day. In August 2015, Miranda confirmed that Naig had suffered from a miscarriage, which would have been their first child. On June 19, 2016 Father's Day in the Philippines Miranda announced that he and Naig were expecting a child again. Their first child, a son, was born in November 2016. Their second child, also a son, was born in October 2021. As of December 2021, the couple are also in the process of officially adopting a girl who is Naig's niece.

Leaked sex video scandal
On August 3, 2013, video snippets of Miranda having sexual intercourse with Naig and two other women on three occasions appeared in YouTube. The video snippets with the other two women were taken down on the same day, but the one with Naig became popular and was shared on blogs and social media sites. On his Twitter account, Miranda said his room was recently robbed. Among those stolen was his hard disk drive, where photo and video files were stored. On Parokya ni Edgar's Facebook page and on Miranda's personal Instagram account, Miranda expressed his sadness on the leaking of the private video. He also asked for forgiveness from both his and Naig's families. The following month, another graphic clip featuring Miranda and Naig, different from the first video that spread in August, was uploaded on a Facebook page.

Discography

With Parokya ni Edgar
 Khangkhungkherrnitz (1996)
 Buruguduystunstugudunstuy (1997)
 Jingle Balls Silent Night Holy Cow (1998)
 Gulong Itlog Gulong (1999)
 Edgar Edgar Musikahan (2002)
 Bigotilyo (2003)
 Halina Sa Parokya (2005)
 Solid (2007)
 Middle-Aged Juvenile Novelty Pop Rockers (2010)
 Pogi Years Old (2016)
 Borbolen (2021)

As a featured artist
 "Ligaw" with Moonstar88 (2012)
 "Diwata" with Abra (2014)
 "XGF" with Sponge Cola (2012)

Collaboration
 "Hosanna Ngayong Pasko" (1998) – with Ely Buendia
 "The Ordertaker" (2005) – with Kamikazee
 "Panahon Naman ng Harana" (2014) – with Rico Blanco
 "Swimming Pool" (2021) – with Ben&Ben

Filmography

Movies
Coming Soon (2013)

Television
Idol Philippines (season 2)
The Voice Generations

References

External links

1976 births
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
21st-century Filipino male singers
Musicians from Manila
Living people
20th-century Filipino male singers
ABS-CBN personalities
GMA Network personalities


Hương Mai is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Patrick McEnroe and Richey Reneberg were the defending champions but only Reneberg competed that year with Jim Grabb.

Grabb and Reneberg lost in the first round to Mark Kratzmann and Brett Steven.

Jacco Eltingh and Paul Haarhuis won in the final 6–4, 7–6 against Byron Black and Jonathan Stark.

Seeds

  Jacco Eltingh /  Paul Haarhuis (champions)
  Byron Black /  Jonathan Stark (final)
  Grant Connell /  Patrick Galbraith (first round)
  Todd Woodbridge /  Mark Woodforde (semifinals)

Draw

External links
1994 Australian Indoor Championships Doubles Draw

Doubles


Đồng Phúc is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, which is part of northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Đồng Việt is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Tư Mại is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Francis Vincent "Vinci" Rosales Montaner (born November 27, 1976) is a Filipino singer best known for his work with the band Parokya ni Edgar where he served as a backup vocalist and one of its founding members. He left Parokya ni Edgar in late 2012 after a near 20-year stint with the band but returned in late 2016.

Early life and career

Montaner was born to Francisco and Mila Montaner and has three siblings nicknamed Chicco, Dikki and Chachi. He finished his lower education levels at the Ateneo de Manila University, and took a college degree course in Public Advertising at the University of the Philippines Manila.

He temporarily left the group in 2005 to finish his education but at the same time was able to contribute to their album Halina sa Parokya and appeared in some of the music videos. He later rejoined the band and appeared on their 2007 album Solid. Montaner is also popularly known by the band's audience as the resident prankster of the group both in music videos and in live performances.

The band's song "The Yes Yes Show" is a satirical song about Chito Miranda and Montaner arguing over the lead vocal duties. Montaner also performed lead vocals on the song "Picha Pie" (Filipino slang term for pizza pie), a parody cover of Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive".

He also had occasional gigs with the band Rivermaya after lead singer Jayson Fernandez left in mid-2011.

Departure from Parokya ni Edgar

At around 2 am of October 14, 2012, he announced through Parokya ni Edgar's official Facebook page that he left the band a couple of weeks back for personal reasons. Chito Miranda immediately confirmed Vinci's departure from the band.

Posted in official Parokya ni Edgar Facebook Fanpage:

His last gig with the band before leaving was on September 24, 2012, at 70s Bistro. His former bandmates respected his decision as they parted ways in good terms and still remain very good friends. Miranda stated in an official post that Montaner chose to have a new career path and opted to live privately.

Montaner temporarily reunited with Parokya ni Edgar during the band's launching of their 13th album Bente for its cover art and album signings. Montaner was also part of the recording of Gloc-9's 2014 single entitled "Businessman" and is being featured on its music video as well.

Return to Parokya
Montaner appeared on the Parokya's tenth studio album as a featured artist entitled Pogi Years Old, which was released on October 17, 2016. He eventually took part in album launches and later fully rejoined the band. He went in hiatus again in 2019.

Other works
Aside from Parokya ni Edgar, Montaner also owns a school for special children and is said to be one of the primary reasons he left Parokya ni Edgar as he wanted to focus in managing the said school.

Personal life
Montaner married in August 2014 then they separated. He is a devout Roman Catholic.

Discography

With Parokya ni Edgar
 Khangkhungkherrnitz (1996)
 Buruguduystunstugudunstuy (1997)
 Jingle Balls Silent Night Holy Cow (1998)
 Gulong Itlog Gulong (1999)
 Edgar Edgar Musikahan (2002)
 Bigotilyo (2003)
 Inuman Sessions Vol.1 (2004)
 Halina Sa Parokya (2005)
 Matira Matibay: PG-13 (Singles 1994-2007) (2007)
 Solid (2007)
 Middle-Aged Juvenile Novelty Pop Rockers (2010)
 Inuman Sessions Vol.2 (2012)
 Bente (2013)
 Pogi Years Old (2016)
 Borbolen (2021)

Featured single
 "Businessman" (Gloc 9, 2014)

References

1976 births
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
21st-century Filipino male singers
Singers from Manila
Living people
University of the Philippines Manila alumni
20th-century Filipino male singers


Ferdinand "Dindin" Alvarez Moreno (born March 16, 1976) is a Filipino drummer for the band Parokya ni Edgar.

Biography
Moreno is one of the four members of Parokya ni Edgar who attended Ateneo de Manila University during their grade school to high school years. He went to UP Diliman and took up Geodetic Engineering in college.

Besides his musical interests, Moreno is an avid technology and gadget hobbyist and is very active in the tech community. He reviews gadgets and writes for tech publications. He is also currently sponsored by a local drums brand.

Moreno currently resides in Manila, with his wife "Billie", and their daughter "Andie" and son "Nacho".

Discography

With Parokya ni Edgar
 Khangkhungkherrnitz (1996)
 Buruguduystunstugudunstuy (1997)
 Jingle Balls Silent Night Holy Cow (1998)
 Gulong Itlog Gulong (1999)
 Edgar Edgar Musikahan (2002)
 Bigotilyo (2003)
 Halina Sa Parokya (2005)
 Solid (2007)
 Middle-Aged Juvenile Novelty Pop Rockers (2010)
 Pogi Years Old (2016)
 Bobolen (2021)

References

1976 births
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
Musicians from Quezon City
Living people
Filipino drummers


La Seu d'Urgell Cathedral, otherwise Urgel Cathedral of the Cathedral of Santa Maria d'Urgell, is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in the city of la Seu d'Urgell (Alt Urgell) in Catalonia. It is the seat of the Bishops of Urgell, who are also Co-Princes of Andorra. The cathedral is considered unique  within Catalan Romanesque architecture for the Italianate-style features on the ornaments of its west front.

The construction of the cathedral was begun in 1116 to designs by the master mason Ramon Llambard and is therefore one of the oldest cathedrals in Catalonia. It is the source of the name of the city: originally referred to as the City of Urgell, it is now called "See of Urgell" (La Seu d'Urgell), derived from the Latin Sedes Urgelli, meaning that the town is the episcopal seat.

The cathedral is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, patroness of the city, and has a 13th-century statue known as the Mother of God of Urgell (Mare de Déu d'Urgell) and also as the Virgin of Andorra.

The cathedral has had several restorations in the 20th century. The first was initiated by Josep Puig i Cadafalch in 1918. Between 1955 and 1974 the church was restored again. During these works, the unfinished parts of the cathedral were covered with stone. In addition, some of the added parts were removed to recover the external aspect of the original cathedral. Part of the façade was recovered and the interior was reformed, which had been somewhat disfigured by the plaster cover applied to it in the 18th century.

The 16th-century composer Joan Brudieu was maestro di capilla of the cathedral from 1548 to 1591.

Further reading
DDAA. Universidad de Oviedo. Arte e Identidades Culturales: Actas del XII congreso nacional del comité español de Historia del Arte (in Spanish), 1999. .
Bassegoda Nonell, Joan. «El caso de la catedral de la Seu d'Urgell». In: Espacio, Tiempo y Forma: Historia del Arte t. 3. Proyectos barrocos para la Seu d'Urgell (in Spanish), 1990.
Carbonell, Eduard; Cirici, Alexandre. Edicions 62. Grans monuments romànics i gòtics, 1977.
Carrero Santamaría, Eduardo. «La Seu d'Urgell, el último conjunto de iglesias. Liturgia, paisaje urbano y arquitectura». In: CSIC, Inst. Mila i Fontanals, U.E.I. de Estudios Medievales. Anuario de estudios medievales, 2010.
Junyent, Eduardo. L'Abadia de Montserrat. Catalunya romànica: l'arquitectura del segle XII, 1976. .
Puig i Cadafalch, Josep. Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Escrits d'arquitectura, art i política, Xavier Barral i Altet, 2003 (Volum 62 de Memòries de la Secció Històrico-Arqueològica). .

La Seu d'Urgell
Buildings and structures in the Province of Lleida
Roman Catholic cathedrals in Catalonia
Basilica churches in Spain


George Kaczender (19 April 1933 – 24 August 2016) was a Hungarian-born Canadian film director. He directed 26 films between 1963 and 2001.

Biography
Kaczender left Hungary in 1956 as a political refugee after studying film and working as an assistant director at the Pannonia Film Studios in Budapest.

Before coming to Los Angeles in the early 80s he worked at the National Film Board of Canada in Montreal from 1956 to 1969 where he wrote and directed award-winning documentaries and short dramatic features.  In 1968 he wrote and directed the award-winning feature film, Don't Let the Angels Fall, starring Arthur Hill, that became the first Canadian feature film invited to the main competition at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival. In 1970 he left the Film Board to work in London with the producer, Oscar Lewenstein. The same year he became one of the founding partners of International Cinemedia Center in Montreal.

In the 1970s he directed numerous award-winning educational films for Learning Corporation of America and five theatrical feature films before leaving Canada for Hollywood.  Among them, In Praise of Older Women based on the best-selling novel by S. Vizinczey, and Chanel Solitaire, the life of Coco Chanel, shot on location in France.

He has worked with stars such as Robert Mitchum, Richard Harris, Jeanne Moreau, Tom Berenger, JoBeth Williams, Brad Pitt, George Clooney and Karen Black. He has also directed numerous films for network and cable television such as Jonathan: The Boy Nobody Wanted.

His film Don't let the Angels Fall was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1969 Cannes Film  Festival and his film The Girl in Blue was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 1973 Berlin Film Festival. He has numerous international awards for his work on documentaries and short dramatic films.

His first novel, An Unreasonable Notion of Desire, was self-published in 2000 through Xlibris. His second novel, "Notebooks of an Incurable Romantic", was published in 2013 by Red Cat Tales Publishing.

Between 2002 and 2004 he was adjunct professor at the University of Southern California School of Cinema-Television, teaching film directing.

Selected filmography
 Don't Let the Angels Fall (1969)
 Freud: The Hidden Nature of Man (1970)
 The Girl in Blue (1973)
 In Praise of Older Women (1978)
 The Agency (1980)
 Your Ticket Is No Longer Valid (1981)
 Chanel Solitaire (1982)
 Tomorrow's a Killer (1987)
 Jonathan: The Boy Nobody Wanted (1993)
 Christy: A Change of Seasons (2001)

Publications
 "An Unreasonable Notion of Desire" (2000)
 "Notebooks of an Incurable Romantic" (2013)

References

External links

Films by George Kaczender at the National Film Board of Canada

1933 births
2016 deaths
20th-century Canadian screenwriters
21st-century Canadian screenwriters
Canadian film directors
Canadian film editors
Canadian male screenwriters
Hungarian emigrants to Canada
National Film Board of Canada people
Writers from Budapest


Gabriel Ignatius Juan Chee Kee (born July 30, 1976) is a Filipino guitarist, singer, songwriter and one of the founding members of the band Parokya ni Edgar.

Biography
Chee Kee, whose parents are both former teachers, is one of the four members of Parokya ni Edgar who attended Ateneo de Manila University during their grade school to high school years. In 2003, Chee Kee married his then girlfriend and former FHM Philippines model Apple Umali. They separated sometime in 2010.

Chee Kee is known for composing and singing the lead vocals in Parokya ni Edgar's sleeper hit "Your Song (My One and Only You)" from their album Bigotilyo.

Chee Kee was diagnosed with lymphoma in late 2022 for which he started chemotherapy. He kept his diagnosis private and continued performing with Parokya until his doctor advised him to rest. In January 2023, Chee Kee was admitted under intensive care due to pneumonia; his family then publicized his diagnosis. To raise money for Chee Kee's hospital bills, Parokya ni Edgar and fellow musicians Ebe Dancel, Moira Dela Torre, Gloc-9, Shanti Dope, Flow G, Kamikazee, Gracenote and December Avenue held a series of fundraising shows. Parokya memorabilia were also auctioned for the cause. Chee Kee was discharged from the hospital in March 2023 and will  continue with his chemotherapy.

Discography

With Parokya ni Edgar
 Khangkhungkherrnitz (1996)
 Buruguduystunstugudunstuy (1997)
 Jingle Balls Silent Night Holy Cow (1998)
 Gulong Itlog Gulong (1999)
 Edgar Edgar Musikahan (2002)
 Bigotilyo (2003)
 Halina Sa Parokya (2005)
 Solid (2007)
 Middle-Aged Juvenile Novelty Pop Rockers (2010)
 Pogi Years Old (2016)
 Borbolen (2021)

Compositions
 Sampip
 Lazy
 Swimming Beach
 Superstar
 Y?
 It's Ok
 Absorbing Man
 Tsaka Na Lang
 Sad Trip
 Your Song
 Halina Sa Parokya
 Victor Could
 Nandito
 Don't Think
 Sing

As a featured artist
 "Baon" with Gloc-9

References

1976 births
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
21st-century Filipino male singers
20th-century Filipino male singers
Musicians from Manila
Singers from Manila
Living people


Noah Miller (born May 5, 1980 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a male water polo player from Canada. He was first selected to the Canadian National Water Team as a Youth player in 1995, and continued his national team international career until his retirement in 2008. He then played and coached at the provincial and national levels with club and provincial teams in Alberta and Saskatchewan, and continues to be involved in the sport as a volunteer.

Biography

Miller twice won the bronze medal, as team captain, at the Pan American Games with Canada men's national water polo team during his career.

As a player-coach, Miller has won four Open Men's Canadian National Titles with three separate clubs (Regina Squids: 2006, Hamilton Aquatic Club: 2007, Bowness Monster: 2011, 2012). He was the top scorer at, was selected to many All-Star Teams and chosen as MVP at various national and interprovincial events during his career.

Miller attended the World Aquatic Championships with Canada's National Water Polo team in Melbourne 2007, Montreal 2005, Barcelona 2003, Japan 2001, the World Junior Championships in 1999 in Kuwait and in 1997 in Havana.  He attended the World University FISU Games in Korea 2003, China 2001 and Palma de Mallorca in 1999, as well as the Commonwealth Championships in 2002 where the team won Gold. Miller attended more than 50 international events as a member of Team Canada.

Prior to his involvement in the sport of water polo, he was a speed swimmer in Regina, Saskatchewan, with the Regina Optimist Dolphin Swim Club and Piranhas Summer Swim Club where he amassed more than 80 career Provincial and Interprovincial Championship medals and held Top 10 Canadian age group rankings in 3000 Free (1st), 1500 Free (2nd), 400 IM (4th), and top 50 Canadian rankings in 6 other events - 200 Free, 400 Free, 100 Back, 200 Back, 200 IM and 400 IM.

Miller has a degree with a major in geography and a minor in economics from the University of Calgary and a diploma in geological petroleum applications from the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAIT). He resides in the community of Seton in Calgary, Alberta and currently works as a real estate agent.

References
 Canadian Olympic Committee

1980 births
Living people
Canadian male water polo players
Sportspeople from Regina, Saskatchewan
University of Calgary alumni

Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada
Pan American Games medalists in water polo
Water polo players at the 2003 Pan American Games
Water polo players at the 2007 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games


Darius Gerard Laluna Semaña (born June 30, 1973) is a Filipino musician. He is the lead guitarist of the band Parokya ni Edgar and is the oldest member of the group.

Biography
Semaña grew up in Mataasnakahoy, Batangas and attended Fine Arts in the University of the Philippines Diliman in Quezon City. He, along with Vinci Montaner, are the only members of Parokya ni Edgar who have earned a bachelor's degree. It is also publicly known that he is one of two band members who did not attend Ateneo de Manila University, the other member being bassist Buwi Meneses who is lesser known as a non-Atenean graduate and is a childhood friend of Chito Miranda instead. Semaña and Meneses were former bandmates before joining Parokya ni Edgar. Semaña is a high school alumnus of Ateneo's rival school, De La Salle (Lipa City, Batangas branch), which serves as material for many of the band's running jokes in their songs.

Semaña is mostly seen playing a Fender Stratocaster. He is a member of the Tau Gamma Phi fraternity in the Philippines along with bandmate Buwi Meneses.

Semaña is married to a make-up artist and they have a son.

Discography

With Parokya ni Edgar
 Khangkhungkherrnitz (1996)
 Buruguduystunstugudunstuy (1997)
 Jingle Balls Silent Night Holy Cow (1998)
 Gulong Itlog Gulong (1999)
 Edgar Edgar Musikahan (2002)
 Bigotilyo (2003)
 Halina Sa Parokya (2005)
 Solid (2007)
 Middle-Aged Juvenile Novelty Pop Rockers (2010)
 Pogi Years Old (2016)
 Borbolen (2021)

References

1973 births
University of the Philippines Diliman alumni
Musicians from Manila
Musicians from Batangas
Filipino guitarists
Lead guitarists
Living people
20th-century guitarists
21st-century guitarists
20th-century Filipino musicians
21st-century Filipino musicians
20th-century male musicians
21st-century male musicians
Filipino rock guitarists


Buhawi "Buwi" Francia Meneses (born June 4, 1976) is a Filipino bassist for the band Parokya ni Edgar, and formerly for Franco.

Biography
Meneses is the second of four children and only son of breast cancer activist Danny Valenzuela Meneses and the late Rosa Francia-Meneses.

Meneses took up Fine Arts at the University of the Philippines, Diliman. During his second year in the program, he stopped schooling and at the same time took care of his ill mother as she was diagnosed with breast cancer that same year. Not long after, Meneses joined the band of his childhood friend Chito Miranda to form Parokya ni Edgar and pursue a music career.

He won the "Bassist of the Year" award at the NU Rock Awards in 1999 and also wrote the topseller Parokya ni Edgar song “Mr. Suave” in their 2003 album Bigotilyo.

Meneses was one of the castaways for GMA-7's Celebrity Edition of Survivor Philippines in August 2010. He was the 4th castaway to be voted out.

Personal life
Meneses is married to Febe Meneses who previously worked for GMA-7's Startalk. They have two sons. He is a member of Tau Gamma Phi fraternity in the Philippines.

In early 2015, Meneses went on hiatus, relocating with his family to the USA.

Discography

With Parokya ni Edgar
 Khangkhungkherrnitz (1996)
 Buruguduystunstugudunstuy (1997)
 Jingle Balls Silent Night Holy Cow (1998)
 Gulong Itlog Gulong (1999)
 Edgar Edgar Musikahan (2002)
 Bigotilyo (2003)
 Halina Sa Parokya (2005)
 Solid (2007)
 Middle-Aged Juvenile Novelty Pop Rockers (2010)
 Pogi Years Old (2016)
 Borbolen (2021)

With Franco
 Franco (2010)

Television

References

1976 births
University of the Philippines Diliman alumni
Musicians from Manila
Survivor Philippines contestants
Living people
Filipino emigrants to the United States
Filipino bass guitarists


Gilbert Smith (1869 – after 1893) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Small Heath. Born in Oldbury, which was then part of Worcestershire, Smith was recommended to Small Heath by Fred Wheldon, and given a run of games at right back in the 1893–94 season. He was no improvement on other candidates for the position, and he returned to the reserves, and thence to non-league football with Berwick Rangers (Worcester) in 1894.

Honours
 Football League Second Division runners-up: 1893–94

References

1869 births
Year of death missing
People from Oldbury, West Midlands
Sportspeople from Sandwell
English men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Birmingham City F.C. players
Worcester City F.C. players
English Football League players
Date of birth missing
Place of death missing


William Fawkener may refer to
William Fawkener (merchant) (1642–1716) was a leading member of the Levant Company, father of Sir Everard Fawkener and the banker.
William Fawkener (banker), Governor of the Bank of England (1743–1745)
William Augustus Fawkener (c. 1750 – 1811), clerk to the Privy Council and diplomat


Đức Giang is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Tiến Dũng is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Cảnh Thụy is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Lãng Sơn is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Trí Yên is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Lão Hộ is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Tân An is a township (thị trấn) of Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province
Townships in Vietnam


Xuân Phú is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Jewellery is the debut studio album by English musician Micachu, co-produced by Matthew Herbert. It was released on 9 March 2009 on a joint venture between Rough Trade Records and Accidental Records. The album features Micachu's band The Shapes, which comprises Raisa Khan (keyboards and electronics) and Marc Pell (percussion and drums).

Reception

Upon its release, Jewellery received generally positive reviews from critics. It maintains a 75 score on Metacritic. Most reviews, both positive and negative, emphasized the originality and experimental, sometimes difficult nature of the music. Drowned in Sound praised the experimental sound of the album calling it "thrillingly improbable pop made by a grade-A maverick." The Guardian similarly praised the music for combining "hard experimentation with soft introspection, her scrappy, lo-fi production wrapped in warmth."

Some reviews were more mixed, but again focused on the experimental sound. PopMatters noted the challenging nature of the music: "The whole experience seems crowded with random experimentation for its own sake," adding, "With a little patience, however, Jewellery soon orders itself." Under the Radar was less sympathetic, asserting, "The record is admirable for its crashing ambitions, but it unfortunately devolves into a tuneless, nearly unlistenable mire of avant-noise fragments."

Track listing

Notes
 Early review versions of the album sent by Accidental Records before the Rough Trade deal included an additional song called "Worst Bastard" (likely removed for being the only song containing obscenities) and listed "Hardcore" as a normal track rather than a bonus track.

Charts

References

External links
Jewellery at Rough Trade Records

2009 debut albums
Micachu albums
Rough Trade Records albums
Avant-pop albums
Art pop albums
Experimental pop albums
Electronic albums by English artists
Albums produced by Mica Levi


William Harry Patterson (11 March 1859 – 3 May 1946) was an English amateur cricketer who played during the latter part of the 19th century.

Patterson was educated at Harrow School and Pembroke College, Oxford. A right-handed batsman who occasionally bowled, he was awarded his cricket Blue at Oxford University in 1880 and 1881. In 1881 he scored a century for Oxford against Cambridge while suffering from a broken finger. He was the joint captain of Kent County Cricket Club between 1890 and 1893.

References

External links

1859 births
1946 deaths
English cricketers
Kent cricketers
Kent cricket captains
Oxford University cricketers
I Zingari cricketers
Gentlemen cricketers
Gentlemen of England cricketers
People educated at Harrow School
Alumni of Pembroke College, Oxford
North v South cricketers
Over 30s v Under 30s cricketers
Oxford and Cambridge Universities Past and Present cricketers
Lord March's XI cricketers
Gentlemen of Kent cricketers
People from Sandhurst, Berkshire
Cricketers from Berkshire


Tân Tiến is a commune (xã) and village of Bắc Giang city, Bắc Giang Province in the Northeast region of Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Tân Liễu is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Tiền Phong is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Yên Lư is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Hương Gián is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam. The commune covers an area of 8.57 km2.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


The Bavarian Rhön Nature Park  (Naturpark Bayerische Rhön) straddles the junction of the German states of Bavaria,
Hesse and Thuringia.  70 km2 of the total 125 km2 area of the nature park has been recognised by UNESCO as part of the Rhön Biosphere Reserve.
The organisation for the promotion of the Bavarian Rhön Nature Park (Zweckverband Naturpark Bayerische Rhön) was founded in 1967. On 26 November 1982 the regulation for the Naturpark Bayerische Rhön was issued and, in 1997, the Zweckverband became the Society for the Bavarian Rhön Nature Park and Biosphere Reserve (Naturpark und Biosphärenreservat Bayer. Rhön e.V.).

Landscape
The nature park lies between the Spessart, Vogelsberg, Thuringian Forest, Haßberge and Steigerwald forest. It is characterised by mixed forests, streams of flowing water, moors, grassland and arid habitats.

See also
 List of nature parks in Germany
 Rhön Biosphere Reserve

External links
 Bavarian Rhön Nature Park
 Rhön Biosphere Reserve

Nature parks in Bavaria
Rhön Mountains


Quỳnh Sơn is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Tân Mỹ is a commune (xã) and village of Bắc Giang city, Bắc Giang Province in the Northeast region of Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Song Khê is a commune (xã) and village of Bắc Giang city, Bắc Giang Province in the Northeast region of Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Nội Hoàng is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


The Devon County Show is an agricultural show held annually from Thursday to Saturday in the third week of May at the Westpoint Arena and Showground in Clyst St Mary near Exeter. It is one of a number of county shows in the United Kingdom. The show is a celebration of rural life in Devon, and features country and livestock competitions, a grand parade, equine events, local food and local drink, traditional entertainment and rural crafts.

History
The show goes back to 1872, when the Devon County Agricultural Association was formed to undertake promotion of the Devon County Show. It has been held annually ever since, except for breaks during the two World Wars from 1940 to 1946 and 1915 to 1919, eleven occasions between 1890 and 1958, when it was held in conjunction with Bath and West Show or the Royal Show when these were held in Devon, and 2020.

The show was first held at Victoria Park, Mount Radford and then at various sites around the county until 1956, when it moved to its first permanent site on the Exhibition Fields at Whipton Barton, Exeter (now Exeter Arena).

The show moved to its present site at the Westpoint Arena in 1990.

The show
The Devon County Show comes from a time when agriculture was the most important part of the local economy. It attracts livestock exhibitors from across the country as well as features competitions for young farmers, traditional rural skills, show jumping, horticulture, dairy products, honey, poultry and crafts. There are numerous trade stands, demonstrations, displays in the ring and a funfair. In 2016, some 90,000 visitors attended the show during the three days it lasted.

Students from Bicton College, a specialist agricultural college at Budleigh Salterton, act as stewards, help set up the showground and keep the livestock areas in order. In 2016 they also demonstrated equine skills, gave chainsaw demonstrations, exhibited animals, rebuilt tractors, participated in a cycling challenge and exhibited their art and craft portfolios.

References

Further reading

External links
 Official site

1872 establishments in England
Agricultural shows in England
Events in Devon
Festivals established in 1872


Đồng Sơn is a commune (xã) and village of Bắc Giang city, Bắc Giang Province in the Northeast region of Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Patrick Tang (; born 6 May 1974) is a Hong Kong director ,songs writer,singer, actor, and TV show host who has been involved in numerous drama and movie productions. He has three sisters. He started his career with TVB, where he has been from 2000 to the present day.

Filmography

Television

Film

External links
 Official Blog of Patrick Tang
 Patrick Tang on Sina Weibo

1974 births
Hong Kong male television actors
Hong Kong male singers
TVB veteran actors
Living people
New Talent Singing Awards contestants
20th-century Hong Kong male actors
Hong Kong male film actors
21st-century Hong Kong male actors


Kelly MacDonald (born May 26, 1988 in Edmonton, Alberta) is a diver from Canada. She won a bronze medal at the 2007 Pan American Games in the 3m Synchronized event alongside Meaghan Benfeito.

References

External links
Canadian Olympic Committee

1988 births
Living people
Canadian female divers
Divers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Divers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic divers for Canada
Divers from Edmonton
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada
Pan American Games medalists in diving
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
21st-century Canadian women


Thắng is a township (Thị trấn) and town and capital of Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in north-eastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province
District capitals in Vietnam
Townships in Vietnam


Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard (1873–1956) was a British officer who was instrumental in establishing the Royal Air Force.

Trenchard may also refer to:

People
 Edward Trenchard, American naval officer
Henry Trenchard (MP for Poole), English politician
 Hugh Trenchard, 3rd Viscount Trenchard (born 1951), British soldier and businessman
 John Trenchard (politician), Seventeenth Century English politician
 John Trenchard (writer), English political essayist
 Stephen Decatur Trenchard, American rear admiral
 Thomas Trenchard, American football coach
 Thomas Trenchard (Dorset MP)
Thomas Trenchard (died 1671)
 Thomas Trenchard, 2nd Viscount Trenchard (1923–1987)

Other uses
 Viscount Trenchard, a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
 Colonel Trenchard, a character in the Doctor Who serial The Sea Devils

See also
 Brian Trenchard-Smith (born 1946), English director, producer, writer, and actor


Kire may refer to:

 Kireji, a category of words used in some types of Japanese poetry
 Kire language, a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea
 Kire (surname)

People with the name
 Easterine Kire (born 1959), poet and author
 Ezra Kire (born 1975), American musician
 Kire Grozdanov (born 1970), Macedonian football player for FK Pelister
 Kire Markoski (born 1995), Macedonian footballer player for AEL Limassol
 Kire Ristevski (born 1990), Macedonian footballer player for Vasas

See also
 Kyre (disambiguation)


The 1848 Grand National Steeplechase was the tenth official annual running of a handicap steeplechase horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool on Wednesday, 1 March. It attracted a then record, field of 29 competitors for a prize valued at £1,015 to the winner.

The race was won by Lieutenant Josey Little on Captain William Peel's Chandler trained by Tom Eskrett. Lieutenant Little wore Captain Peel's colours of white silks with a black cap. The horse won in a time of 11 minutes and 21 seconds, forty-two seconds slower than the course record set the previous year. With the proceeds of the race Lieutenant Little was able to purchase his promotion to the rank of captain in the 1st King's Dragoon Guards.
Tom Olliver rode in the race for a record tenth time, finishing second on The Curate. The race was marred by the fatal falls of three competitors at the same fence in the latter stages of the second circuit, taking the total number of fatalities in the history of the race to five.

Finishing order

No official returns for the Grand National exist prior to 1865. The return below is that published by the reporter of The Times newspaper the day after the race.

References

Grand National
 1848
Grand National
19th century in Lancashire
March 1848 events


Bogdan Irkük a.k.a. BULGARI (Богдан Иркук а.к.а. БУЛГАРИ) is a Bulgarian musician/producer/DJ. He has previously performed under the name BULGARI.

Biography
Bogdan Irkük was born 1976 in Sofia, Bulgaria. His mother is of Hutsul ancestry. He grew up listening to the music of his brother's friend's pirate radio station, where he learned to appreciate Chic, Chaka Khan, Zapp, Stevie Wonder and Electric Light Orchestra.

He started releasing material after meeting the Rollerboys at a DJ gig in Munich.

Style
Irkük's style draws heavily from Italo disco, New York and Chicago house, and other forms of early styles of electronic dance music. Use of vocoders and analog synthesizer sounds are common in his songs. Irkük produces music on Ableton Live.

Discography

Releases
 The Distant EP (Rollerboys Recordings, 2007)
 The Coastal EP (Rollerboys Recordings, 2008)
 Everything Is Changing (Soul Jazz Records, 2008)
 When I Dream of New York (Epic Disco Vol. 1) (Rollerboys Recordings, 2009)
 The Thracian EP (Rollerboys Recordings, 2011)
Twice (Djurriket Records, 2011)

Remixes
 Jens Lekman "Sipping on the Sweet Nectar" (Service/Rollerboys Recordings, 2008)
 Al Usher "Lullaby For Robert" (Internasjonal, 2009)
 Sally Shapiro "Miracle" (Permanent Vacation, 2009)

Compilations
 Body Language Vol.5 by Chateau Flight "The Distant Message(Arken Remix)" (Get Physical, 2007)
 Nu Balearica by Fred Deakin "Space Reflecting on the Bosporos" (Ministry of Sound, 2008)
 Singles 2008–2009 "Everything Is Changing" (Soul Jazz Records, 2009)

References

External links
 Official Website
 Bogdan Irkük on Myspace

Bulgarian electronic musicians
1971 births
Living people


Dyschromia refers to an alteration of the color of the skin or nails.

"Hyperchromia" can refer to hyperpigmentation, and "hypochromia" can refer to hypopigmentation.

"Dyschromatoses" involve both hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules.

See also
Albinism
Albino and white squirrels
Amelanism
Chimera (genetics)
Coloboma
Erythrism
Heterochromia iridum
Leucism
Melanism
Piebaldism
Vitiligo
Xanthochromism

References

Cutaneous congenital anomalies
Disturbances of human pigmentation
Disturbances of pigmentation


Lassiter House may refer to:

Lassiter House (Autaugaville, Alabama), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
Lassiter House (Macon, Georgia), listed on the NRHP in Bibb County, Georgia

See also
W.W. Lassiter Wholesale Grocery Warehouse, Vicksburg, Mississippi, listed on the NRHP in Warren County, Mississippi
Lassiter (disambiguation)


The Pinebridge Bucks were a professional ice hockey team in Spruce Pine, North Carolina, and a member of the Atlantic Coast Hockey League from 1983 to 1985. Its colors were forest green, gold and maroon. Spruce Pine, with a population of just over 2,000 at the time, is the smallest city to host a professional hockey team in the modern era.

The Bucks played their home games in the Pinebridge Coliseum, where beer was unavailable for purchase during games due to Mitchell County's dry status at that time. The team was conceived by local investor Robert Bailey, a founder of Buck Stoves, hoping to spur tourism and wishful of filling dates in the new 5,000-seat Coliseum.

The Bucks finished fifth in the six-team league in the 1983–84 season with a 25–47–0 record. The Bucks improved to a third-place finish in its second year with a 33–25–6 record.  In the playoffs, they lost to the Erie Golden Blades in six games.  By this time, however, it was obvious that the area was too small for the team to be viable and it disbanded after the season.

The most noteworthy player in the team's short history was Ray LeBlanc, goaltender for the 1992 United States Olympic hockey team.  Its leading scorer both seasons was Rob Clavette, the third leading scorer in ACHL history. Clavette, along with Frank Perkins, Steve Heittola, Kelly Rissling, and Tom Madson, were the only players to play games with the Bucks during both seasons.

References

Defunct ice hockey teams in the United States
Ice hockey teams in North Carolina
1983 establishments in North Carolina
1985 disestablishments in North Carolina
Ice hockey clubs established in 1983
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1985
Mitchell County, North Carolina


Alexandria International Film Festival for Mediterranean Countries (AIFF) is a film festival in Egypt. It was established in 1979. The festival is organized by the Egyptian Association of Film Writers and Critics (EAFWC). The AIFF aims to broaden film culture and strengthen the relationship between filmmakers throughout the world, with special attention given to Mediterranean countries.

References

Further reading
 EgyptToday tag

Film festivals in Egypt


William Fawkener was Governor of the Bank of England from 1743 to 1745, having previously served as the Bank's Deputy Governor. He was son of another William Fawkener (1642–1716), a leading member of the Levant Company, and brother of Sir Everard Fawkener, who was also a merchant dealing in silk, before becoming Ambassador to the Sublime Porte between 1737 and 1744.

References

External links

Year of death unknown
Year of birth unknown
18th-century English people
British bankers
Deputy Governors of the Bank of England
Governors of the Bank of England


The Lassiter House, also known as the Treadwell House, is a historic residence in Autaugaville, Alabama.  The house was built in 1825 in the vernacular I-house style.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 17, 1997.  It is also listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage.

History
The first owners of the house are recorded to be Jeremiah and Nancy Lassiter. Nancy was born in 1799 and Jeremiah was a stockholder with the Real Estate Banking Company of South Alabama in 1838. Curiously, the original land grants signed by J.Q. Adams in 1825 are to people who are not recorded as part of the Lassiter family, that being one “Mills Harrod” and an “(unintelligible) Guff”. Nevertheless, the house was subsequently owned by Peyton and Elizabeth (Betty) Anne Whetstone, then Joseph Baker Parker, Jr. and Mary “Minnie” Anna Parker, followed by Tilly (Bates) Park, Annie Lee (Parker) and Carlton Clyde (C.C.) Jones, and finally Minnie Evelyn (Jones) and George Treadwell. As of 1988, the property is in possession of George E. Treadwell of Emory, Virginia.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Autauga County, Alabama
Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in Autauga County, Alabama

References

National Register of Historic Places in Autauga County, Alabama
Houses completed in 1825
Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage
I-houses in Alabama
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama
1825 establishments in Alabama


The 1974 Stadthalle Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Wiener Stadthalle in Vienna in Austria that was part of the 1974 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 28 October through 3 November 1974. Unseeded Vitas Gerulaitis won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Vitas Gerulaitis defeated  Andrew Pattison 6–4, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2
 It was Gerulaitis' 3rd title of the year and the 3rd of his career.

Doubles

 Raymond Moore /  Andrew Pattison defeated  Bob Hewitt /  Frew McMillan 6–4, 5–7, 6–4
 It was Moore's 2nd title of the year and the 2nd of his career. It was Pattison's 3rd title of the year and the 4th of his career.

References

External links
 ATP tournament profile

Stadthalle Open
Vienna Open


Small house may refer to:
 Small house (Zimbabwe), an expression meaning an extramarital affair
 Small house movement, the trend towards downsizing to a low-cost, small house

See also
 Small House (disambiguation)


The M249 SAW (Squad Automatic Weapon), formally written as Light Machine Gun, 5.56 mm, M249, is the US military’s adaptation of the Belgian FN Minimi, a light machine gun manufactured by FN Herstal (FN).

The M249 SAW is manufactured in the United States by the subsidiary FN Manufacturing LLC, a company in Columbia, South Carolina (FN America), and is widely used in the U.S. Armed Forces. The weapon was introduced in 1984 after being judged most effective (compared to a number of candidate weapons) to address the lack of automatic firepower in small units. The M249 SAW provides infantry squads with a high rate of machine gun fire, combined with the accuracy and portability of a rifle.

The M249 SAW is gas operated and air-cooled, it has a quick-change barrel (allowing the gunner to rapidly replace an overheated or jammed barrel), and a folding bipod attached to the front of the weapon (an M192 LGM tripod also being available). The SAW can be fed from both linked ammunition and STANAG magazines (such as those used in the M16 and M4), allowing the SAW operator to use them as a source of ammunition in case they run out of belts.

The M249 SAW has seen action in major conflicts involving the United States since the U.S. invasion of Panama in 1989. In 2009, the United States Marine Corps selected the M27 Infantry Automatic Rifle to partially replace the M249 in USMC service.

In 2022, the U.S. Army selected the SIG Sauer XM250 to replace the M249 SAW.

Development and operational history

Background
In 1965, the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps' primary machine guns were the M2 Browning and M60. The M2 was a large-caliber heavy machine gun, usually mounted on vehicles or in fixed emplacements. The M60 was a more mobile general-purpose machine gun, intended to be carried by troops to provide heavy automatic fire.

Both firearms were very heavy and usually required a crew of at least two in order to operate efficiently. The Browning automatic rifle (BAR), the army's main individual machine gun since its introduction in World War I, was phased out in 1957 with the introduction of the M14 rifle (which had a fully automatic mode). "Designated riflemen" in every squad were ordered to use their weapons on the fully automatic setting, while other troops were required to use their rifle's semi-automatic mode on most occasions to increase accuracy and conserve ammunition. Because the M14 and M16 rifles had not been designed with sustained automatic fire in mind, they often overheated or jammed. The 20-round and 30-round magazines of these weapons limited their sustained automatic effectiveness when compared to belt-fed weapons.

The Army decided that an individual machine gun, lighter than the M60, but with more firepower than the M16, would be advantageous; troops would no longer have to rely on rifles for automatic fire. Through the 1960s, the introduction of a machine gun into the infantry squad was examined in various studies. While there was a brief flirtation with the concept of a flechette- or dart-firing Universal Machine Gun during one study, most light machine gun experiments concentrated on the Stoner 63 light machine gun, a modular weapon that could be easily modified for different purposes. The Stoner 63 LMG saw combat for a brief period in Vietnam with the Marine Corps, and later on a wider scale with the U.S. Navy SEALs.

In 1968, the Army Small Arms Program developed plans for a new 5.56 mm caliber LMG, though no funds were allocated (5.56 mm ammunition was viewed as underpowered by many in the armed forces). Studies of improved 5.56 mm ammunition, with better performance characteristics, began. The earliest reference to studies of other caliber cartridges for the LMG did not appear until 1969. In July 1970, the U.S. Army finally approved development of an LMG, with no specified caliber. At this time, the nomenclature "Squad Automatic Weapon" (SAW) was introduced. Actual design of alternative cartridges for the LMG did not begin until July 1971. A month later, Frankford Arsenal decided on two cartridge designs for the new LMG: a 6 mm cartridge and a new 5.56 mm cartridge with a much larger case. Neither design was finalized by March 1972, when the Army published the specifications document for the planned SAW. The 6 mm cartridge design was eventually approved in May that year. Prior to July 1972, SAW development contracts were awarded to Maremont, Philco Ford, and the Rodman Laboratory at Rock Island Arsenal. These companies produced designs with Army designations XM233, XM234 and XM235 respectively – X denoting "experimental". Designs were required to have a weight of less than 9.07 kg (20 lb) including 200 rounds of ammunition, and a range of at least 800 meters (2,600 ft).

Trials

When the time came for developmental and operational testing of the SAW candidates, three 5.56 mm candidate weapons were included with the 6 mm candidates: the M16 HBAR, a heavy-barrel variant of the M16 designed for prolonged firing; the Fabrique Nationale de Herstal (FN) Minimi; and the HK 23A1. The initial round of tests ended in December 1974. In February 1976, the Minimi and Rodman XM235 SAW were selected for further development. At this time, opinions of the 6 mm cartridge were beginning to sour due to the logistical implications of providing yet another ammunition type to the infantry. In June, it was requested that the SAW specifications document be revised to emphasize standard 5.56 mm ammunition. In October, the requested revisions were approved, and bids were solicited for the conversion of the Rodman XM235 to 5.56 mm. Production of the converted XM235 was awarded to Ford Aerospace, and its designation was changed to XM248. A new M16 HBAR variant, the XM106, was developed in 1978, and soon after, Heckler & Koch lobbied to include a 5.56 mm conversion of its HK 21A1 (instead of the standard 7.62 mm NATO ammunition it was built for) in future SAW testing. The latter model was designated the XM262. At this time, the Minimi received the designation XM249. Testing of the four candidates resumed in April 1979.

In May 1980, the FN XM249 was selected as the best choice for future development on the grounds of performance and cost, while the HK XM262 reportedly came a close second. In September, FN was awarded a "maturity phase" contract for further development of the XM249, and testing of the new weapon began in June 1981. The official adoption took place in February 1982.

Service

The FN Minimi entered U.S. Army service as the M249 squad automatic weapon in 1984, and was adopted by the U.S. Marine Corps a year later. The U.S. production model has a different butt from that of the regular Minimi. It is manufactured in the FN factory in Columbia, South Carolina.

Although found to be reliable and accurate, the M249 was considered to present unacceptable hazards in the form of an exposed hot barrel and sharp edges. There were complaints that the front sight required special adjustment tools. On August 23, 1985, then-U.S. Under Secretary of the Army James R. Ambrose suspended M249 production pending the development of the product improvement program (PIP) intended to fix these problems. Congress deleted funds for the M249 from the Fiscal Year 1986 defense budget, then retroactively set aside the program's prior year's funds from the M249 program for other purposes, including retirement and pay raises. Over 1,100 M249s already issued were to remain in use, but be retrofitted with the PIP kit when it became available. Over 7,000 remaining M249s were to stay in storage at depots until corrective changes could be made. The PIP kit was eventually developed and implemented, and production of the M249 resumed. In 1994 the M249 squad automatic weapon was re-designated the M249 light machine gun.

Initial reactions to the gun were mixed: it fulfilled the light machine gun role well when fired from the ground, but was not as effective when fired from the shoulder or hip. It was praised for its extreme durability and massive firepower, though a number of areas for improvement were highlighted: the blank firing attachment fitted poorly, the bipod was very weak and broke easily, the sling attachment was awkward, and there were many slots and gaps that accumulated dirt. Some claimed that the heavy-barrelled version of the M16 rifle was a more effective light machine gun.

The M249 SAW was not used heavily before the 1991 Gulf War, though it has been used in every major U.S. conflict since. American personnel in Somalia in 1993, Bosnia in 1994, Kosovo in 1999, Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq since 2003 have been issued M249s. Surplus weapons were donated to Bolivia, Colombia and Tunisia.

Tactically, SAWs are either carried with a maneuvering unit and fired while handheld, or positioned to remain stationary and provide covering fire for other units. Upon introduction, the basic load of ammunition was 600 rounds, carried in three 200-round boxes. These boxes were carried in soft pouches named Case, Small Arms, Ammunition, 200-Round Magazine. The modern load of ammunition carried for the weapon is 1,000 rounds in five 200-round belts, although up to 500 extra rounds generally gets loaded into 100-round soft pouches.

Persian Gulf War
A supply of 929 M249 SAWs was issued to personnel from the U.S. Army and Marine Corps during the Persian Gulf War. Although exposure to combat was scarce, M249 gunners who were involved in fighting mainly used their weapons to provide cover fire for friendly maneuvering troops from fixed positions, rather than maneuvering with them. There were many complaints about the weapons clogging up with sand after prolonged use in the desert environment.

War in Afghanistan
The standard squad automatic weapon in Afghanistan is the M249 with PIP kit, which serves alongside its heavier counterpart, the M240 machine gun. Most M249s were given a collapsible buttstock immediately prior to the invasion to reduce its length and make the weapons more practical for parachuting and close-quarters combat. Special Operations troops typically favor the shorter Para version of the weapon, which weighs much less.

A report entitled Lessons Learned in Afghanistan was released by Lieutenant Colonel Charlie Dean and SFC Sam Newland of the U.S. Army Natick Soldier Center in 2002. They found that 54% of SAW gunners had problems maintaining their weapons, and 30% reported that the gun rusted easily. Soldiers reported ammunition boxes rattling and falling off. 80% percent of soldiers surveyed were pleased with the weapon's accuracy and lethality, yet only 64% claimed they were "confident in their weapon". Weapons clogging up with sand in the desert seems to be the main complaint.

Iraq War

The PIP and Para versions of the M249 have been used in the Iraq war since the invasion. By 2004, many M249s had been in service for almost 20 years and were becoming increasingly unreliable. Soldiers were requesting replacements and new features, and there are reports of soldiers holding their weapons together with duct tape. The lethality of the 5.56 mm ammunition has been called into question by reports of enemy soldiers still firing after being hit multiple times. As in previous conflicts, the sandy environment causes the M249s and other weapons to clog up and jam if they are not cleaned frequently.

Operation Iraqi Freedom PEO Soldier Lessons Learned, a report on the performance of weapons in the Iraq War, was published by Lieutenant Colonel Jim Smith of the U.S. Army on May 15, 2003. Smith spoke positively of the M249, claiming that it "provided the requisite firepower at the squad level as intended". He praised the SPW variant, noting that its "short barrel and forward pistol grip allowed for very effective use of the SAW in urban terrain". At the National Defense Industrial Association in 2007, Lieutenant Colonel Al Kelly of the 1st Battalion, 17th Infantry gave a presentation describing the M249 as having "good range, excellent reliability" and an "excellent tracer". He said that a cloth pouch was preferred over the plastic box for holding linked ammunition, and that "knock-down power is poor, but is compensated by rate of fire".

Evaluation
In December 2006, the Center for Naval Analyses (CNA) released a report on U.S. small arms in combat. The CNA conducted surveys on 2,608 troops returning from combat in Iraq and Afghanistan over the past 12 months. Only troops who fired their weapons at enemy targets were allowed to participate. Three hundred forty-one troops were armed with M249 SAWs, making up 13 percent of the survey. 71 percent of M249 users (242 troops) reported that they were satisfied with the weapon. 40 percent of users preferred feeding the SAW with the soft 100-round pouch, while 21 percent chose the soft and hard 200-round pouches each. 60 percent (205 troops) were satisfied with handling qualities, such as handguards, size, and weight. Of those dissatisfied, just under half thought that it was too heavy. M249 users had the lowest levels of satisfaction with weapon maintainability at 70 percent (239 troops), most due to the difficulty in removing and receiving small components and poor corrosion resistance. The SAW had the highest levels of stoppages at 30 percent (102 troops), and 41 percent of those that experienced a stoppage said it had a large impact on their ability to clear the stoppage and re-engage their target. Sixty-five percent (222 troops) did not need their machine guns repaired while in theater. Sixty-five percent (222 troops) were confident in the M249's reliability, defined as level of soldier confidence their weapon will fire without malfunction, and 64 percent (218 troops) were confident in its durability, defined as level of soldier confidence their weapon will not break or need repair. Both factors were attributed to high levels of soldiers performing their own maintenance. 60 percent of M249 users offered recommendations for improvements. Seventeen percent of requests were for making the weapon lighter, and another 17 percent were for more durable belt links and drums, as well as other modifications, such as a collapsible stock.

Replacement
In 2009, the U.S. Marine Corps selected the M27 Infantry Automatic Rifle, a lighter, magazine-fed rifle to supplement and partially replace the M249. With plans to buy up to 4,100 IARs to complement and partially replace its 10,000 M249s (of which 8,000 will remain in service) held at platoon level, it acquired 450 of the Heckler & Koch HK416–based weapons for testing. The Marines started fielding the M27 in 2010, but kept both weapons in the inventory due to the M249's greater ammunition capacity and higher sustained fire rate; rifle companies are typically issued 27 IARs and six SAWs. The Army passed on the concept of the IAR, believing automatic rifle with a magazine would lower the effectiveness and firepower of a squad. While the Marine Corps has 13-man squads, the Army organizes its soldiers into squads of nine and needs considerably more firepower from the squad machine gunners to make up the difference.

The Army recognized the limitations of the M249 however, and in early 2017, the U.S. Army posted a notice soliciting bids for the Next Generation Squad Weapon-Automatic Rifle (NGSW-AR or NGSAR) to replace the M249. In July 2018, the Army awarded contracts to six companies including Textron, head of the preceding LSAT program where they made development leaps with cased telescoped (CT) ammunition, for NGSW-AR and ammunition prototypes. The stated requirements included:
 Maximum weight of , including sling, bipod, and sound suppressor
 Maximum total length of
 Engage pinpoint targets up to , and suppress (area fire targets) to a range of
 Compatible with next-generation Small Arms Fire Control systems

In April 2022, the U.S. Army selected Sig Sauer as the winner of the competition; their automatic rifle is designated the XM250.

Design details

The M249 SAW is a belt-fed light machine gun. It fires the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge, usually a combination of one M856 tracer and four M855 ball cartridges fed from M27 linked belts. Belts are typically held in a hard plastic or soft canvas box attached to the underside of the weapon. The M249 can also fire rifle grenades.

It fires from an open bolt and is gas operated. When the trigger is pulled, the bolt and bolt carrier move forward under the power of the recoil spring. A cartridge is stripped from the belt, chambered, and discharged, sending a bullet down the bore. Expanding propellant gases are diverted through a hole in the barrel into a chamber. This pressure moves a piston providing the energy to extract and eject the spent casing as well as advance the belt and compress the recoil spring, thus preparing for subsequent shots. At  long and  in weight  including a 200-round belt and plastic ammo box), the M249 is a cumbersome weapon.

The M249’s air-cooled barrel is equipped with a mechanism to remove and replace the barrel assembly with a spare, this makes it easy for the operator to easily change the barrel on the field when it gets too hot during extensive amounts of fire. The barrel has a rifling twist rate of one turn in . A folding bipod with adjustable legs is attached near the front of the weapon, though there are provisions for hard-mounting to a M192 Lightweight Ground Mount tripod or vehicle mount.

Gas regulator
The M249’s original gas regulator featured two different gas port sizes; normal and adverse. The normal gas setting has a cyclic rate of fire of around 700–850 rounds per minute, while the adverse gas setting increases the cyclic rate of fire to around 950–1,150 rounds per minute and is only used in extreme environmental conditions or when heavy fouling is present in the gas tube. The two-position gas regulator was discarded as part of a product improvement program, which made the M249s that received the product improvement kit no longer able to fire at the higher cyclic rate.  The rapid rate of fire is around 100 rounds per minute. The sustained rate of fire, the rate at which the gunner can fire continuously without overheating, is around 50 rounds per minute.

Product Improvement Program

The product improvement program (PIP) kit replaced the original steel tubular stock with a plastic stock based upon the shape of the heavier M240 machine gun. The change in stocks allowed for the addition of a hydraulic buffer system to reduce recoil. In addition, the dual gas port settings were reduced to only one; M249s with the product improvement kit can no longer fire at a higher cyclic speed. A handguard was added above the barrel to prevent burns, and the formerly fixed barrel changing handle was swapped for a folding unit. Certain parts were bevelled or chamfered to prevent cutting soldiers' hands and arms. Other changes involved the bipod, pistol grip, flash suppressor, and sights. Over the years, additional modifications have been introduced as part of the Soldier Enhancement Program and Rapid Fielding Initiative. These include an improved bipod, 100– and 200–round fabric "soft pouches" (to replace the original plastic ammunition boxes), and Picatinny rails for the feed tray cover and forearm so that optics and other accessories may be added.

An extensive maintenance program intended to extend the service life of M249 SAWs has been carried out, especially units that suffered from wear due to heavy use. In particular the warping of the receiver rails on the early models was a defect that occurred in heavily used first-generation M249s. This defect however has been completely eliminated on later models and is no longer present on the current-issue M249, which has reinforced rails and full-length welding rather than spot welding. A replacement of the M249's buttstock that is redesigned to be adjustable in length is also available.

Variants

M249 Para

The M249 Para (Paratrooper) is the US military’s adaptation of the Minimi Para and can be converted back to the standard M249 SAW, intended for use by airborne and armored infantry units. It is a compact variant of the M249 SAW that features a sliding aluminum buttstock, a  short barrel, an overall length of  and a weight of .

M249 SPW
The M249 SPW (Special Purpose Weapon) is a lightweight and shorter version of the M249 designed to meet USSOCOM special operations forces requirements. The barrel changing handle, magazine insertion well, and vehicle mounting lug all have been removed to reduce weight. As a result, the SPW cannot be mounted in vehicles or use M16 magazines. Picatinny rails were added to the feed cover and forearm for the mounting of optics, lasers, vertical foregrips, and other M4 SOPMOD kit accessories. The SPW has a detachable bipod. The SPW's lightweight barrel is longer than that of the Para model, giving it a total length of  and a weight of .

Mk 46

The Mk 46 is the variant that the USSOCOM adopted, which is a further development of the M249 SPW with minor changes. The program that led to both the Mk 46 and Mk 48 was headed by the US Naval Special Warfare Command (NAVSPECWAR). Like the SPW, the barrel changing handle, magazine insertion well, and vehicle mounting lugs have been removed to save weight. However, the Mk 46 retains the standard M249 plastic buttstock instead of the collapsible buttstock used on the SPW. The Picatinny rail forearm differs slightly from the SPW. The Mk 46 has the option of using the lighter SPW barrel or a thicker, fluted barrel of the same length.

Mk 48

The Mk 48 is similar to the Mk 46 but rechambered in 7.62×51mm NATO caliber, used by USSOCOM when a heavier cartridge is required. It is officially classified as an LWMG (Light Weight Machine Gun) and was developed as a replacement for the Mk 43 Mod 0/1. The M60 based machine guns are a great deal more portable than the heavier M240 based designs used elsewhere in the US military in the infantry medium machine gun role. However, the M60 based designs have a long history of insufficient reliability. Trials conducted through the mid-1990s led the US Army to replace its M60 with the M240B GPMGs. The M240B, however, weighs in at ≈27.5 lb and is about 49" long with the standard barrel. NAVSPECWAR was reluctant to give up the increased portability of the M60 (≈22.5 lb, 37.7" OAL with the shortest "Assault Barrel") designs in spite of the M240's increased reliability. A request was put in for a new machine gun in 2001, and FN responded with a scaled-up version of the M249 weighing in at ≈18.5 lb with an OAL of ≈39.5". The new design achieved much better reliability than the M60-based weapons while bettering its light weight and maintaining the same manual of arms as the already in-use M249. USSOCOM was slated to begin receiving deliveries of the new gun in August 2003.

M249S
The M249S is a semi-automatic only variant manufactured for the civilian sport shooting and collector's market. Derived from the fully automatic M249 light machine gun, this variant shares most of the major components of the M249 with the exception of the firing mechanism and the addition of welded internal components to prevent conversion to a fully automatic mode. Notably, this variant retains the ability to be belt fed, an uncommon feature in civilian firearms.

In 2017, FN America released the M249S PARA variant.

OOW249 SAW
The OOW249 SAW (Ohio Ordnance Works 249 Squad Automatic Weapon) is a selective fire variant of the FN M249 manufactured by Ohio Ordnance Works. It retains the two gas regulator settings and is offered in a 21 in (533 mm) barrel length. A PARA configuration is also available.

MGA SAW
The MGA SAW (Machine Gun Armory Squad Automatic Weapon) is a multi-caliber variant of the FN M249 manufactured by Machine Gun Armory. Available in 5.56×45mm NATO, 5.45×39mm, .300 AAC Blackout, 7.62×39mm, 6.8mm Remington SPC, .260 Remington, 7.62×51mm NATO.

MGA SAW K
A compact variant of the MGA SAW.

MGA SAW CB
Similar to the MGA SAW but features a closed-bolt system.

Users

Former users
 : Standard issue light machine gun of the Afghan National Army

See also
List of machine guns
List of dual-feed firearms
 Third Arm Weapon Interface System
 FN Minimi
 Heckler & Koch MG4
 IWI Negev
 Daewoo Precision Industries K3
 Ultimax 100
 RPL-20
 PK machine gun

References

Sources

Government publications

External links

 FN M249 webpage by FN America
 FN M249 webpage by the U.S. Army
 FN M249 webpage by the FAS Military Analysis Network
 FN M249 webpage at Nazarian.no

5.56×45mm NATO machine guns
Cold War firearms of the United States
FN Herstal firearms
Gas-operated firearms
Squad automatic weapons
Machine guns of the United States
United States Marine Corps equipment
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1984


Rabbi Joshua Kulp (born July 16, 1970) is an American-Israeli Talmudic scholar.

Early life and education

Kulp was born on July 16, 1970, in the United States and grew up in Margate, New Jersey.  He earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Michigan and his PhD in Talmud at Bar-Ilan University. In 2023, Kulp will receive semikhah from Rabbi Dr. Ethan Tucker, President and Rosh Yeshiva of Hadar, as a member of Hadar's first cohort of rabbinical students.

Career
Kulp is especially known for his commentary on the Haggadah.

Kulp was one of the founders of the Conservative Yeshiva, where he is () a member of the faculty and rosh yeshiva. He also teaches at the Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies and coordinates the Mishnah Yomit project through the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism, the congregational organization for Conservative Judaism, in both North America and the world.

Personal life
He has two daughters (Zoey and Rakia) and two sons (Yadin and Anan) and lives in Modi'in as of 2023.

Books

 The Schechter Haggadah, 2009
 Reconstructing the Talmud, Mechon Hadar, 2014

References

Living people
1970 births
20th-century American rabbis
21st-century American rabbis
Bar-Ilan University alumni
Israeli Conservative rabbis
People from Margate City, New Jersey
American emigrants to Israel
Israeli people of American-Jewish descent
American Conservative rabbis
People from Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut
Conservative rosh yeshivas