Ethylene dione or ethylenedione, also called dicarbon dioxide, Carbon peroxide, ethenedione, or ethene-1,2-dione, is a chemical compound with the formula  or .  It is an oxide of carbon (an oxocarbon), and can be described as the carbon-carbon covalent  dimer of carbon monoxide. It can also be thought of as the dehydrated form of glyoxylic acid (), or a ketone of ethenone .

Synthesis attempts
The existence of ethylenedione was first suggested in 1913. However, for over a century the compound had eluded all attempts to synthesize and observe it, and it came to be considered a purely hypothetical compound, or at best an "exceedingly coy molecule".

In 2015, a research group reported the creation of ethylenedione — by using laser light to eject an electron from the corresponding stable singly-charged anion  — and its spectroscopic characterization. However, the reported spectrum was later found to match that of the oxyallyl diradical, , formed by rearrangement or disproportionation under the high-energy experimental conditions rather than simple electron loss.

Theoretical investigations
Despite the existence of the closed-shell Kekulé structure, O=C=C=O, the lowest bound state of ethyledione is a triplet.  It would then be a diradical, with an electronic structure motif similar to the oxygen molecule. However, when the molecule is distorted away from its equilibrium geometry, the potential surfaces of the triplet and singlet states intersect, allowing for intersystem crossing to the singlet state, which is unbound and dissociates to two ground-state CO molecules. The timescale of the intersystem crossing was predicted to be 0.5 ns, making triplet ethylenedione a transient, yet spectroscopically long-lived molecule.

On the other hand, the monoanion of ethylenedione, OCCO−, as well as the dianion , called acetylenediolate, are both stable.

Recent theoretical computations suggest that the in situ preparation and characterization of ethylenedione may be possible through low-energy free-electron induced single-molecule engineering.

Koch's glyoxylide
In the 1940s, Detroit physician William Frederick Koch claimed that he had synthesized this compound, which he called glyoxylide, and that it was an antidote to the toxins that caused a long list of ailments, including diabetes and cancer.  The claims were false and the drug was classified as a fraud by the FDA.

See also
 Cyclohexanehexone C6O6, also called triquinoyl, formally a trimer of ethylene dione.
Oxocarbons

References

Oxocarbons
Heterocumulenes
Conjugated ketones
Hypothetical chemical compounds


Tivim pronounced Thivim, is a village in Nathivim in Bardez, in the North Goa district of Goa, India. It is an important gateway into North Goa as the home to the major railway station in North Goa. Tivim was also the ancestral village of the first global beauty queen of India, Ms. Reita Faria. More recently Prathamesh Maulingkar was crowned Mister Supranational 2018. .

Location
Tivim is near Mapusa. The Tivim Railway Station at Tivim falls under the jurisdiction of the Konkan Railway.

History
Tivim is a medieval village. Oral tradition suggests that the villagers had close ties with the villages of Siolim, Cunchelim and Parra, as well as the market town of Mapusa.

Writing in 1831 the French priest Rev. Denis L Cottineau regarded Tivim as one of the thirty-six villages and twenty-six parishes of Bardes. In 1834 the forts at Tivim were abandoned
In 1878 the population of Tivim was estimated at around 6000 and the village had a school.

Church
In 1623 the Church of St Christopher (São Cristovão) was built in Tivim by the villagers of Tivim, Sirsaim and Assonora.

Fortresses
A fortress was constructed at Tivim in 1635 by the fourth Count of Linhares.
An inscription on its gate reads: "Reinando O Catholico Rei D. Fillipe 3° governance este Estado o vigilantissimo D. Miguel de Noronha, Conde de Linhares, for feat established obra no anno de 1635".
This Fortress was called Forte Novo de Tivim. In the same village two auxiliary forts were raised by Francisco de Távora the Count of Alvôr, respectively named Forte de Assumpção and Forte de Meio, which were connected with one another and the one at what is now Colvale (Fortaleza de São Sebastião) by a strong wall protected by a deep ditch. These two forts were taken by Sambhaji in 1683 who retained them for a short time. Sambhaji also destroyed the church of St. Christopher, which was subsequently rebuilt.

Prominent institutions
Some of the prominent institutions in the village are the local church, St Christopher, and the local schools of St. Anne's near the church and the nearby St Clara's, near Assonora.

It is known for its football ground, by the main road alongside St Anne's school. One prominent historical site the Colvale Fort (Goa) is in the area.

Government and politics
Tivim is part of Tivim (Goa Assembly constituency) and North Goa (Lok Sabha constituency).

Tivim Train Station

One of the main stations for North Goa can be found at Tivim (also called Thivim). It is part of the north–south line and trains from Bombay (Mumbai) and Kerala stop in this small station.

Tivim (Thivim) came on the rail route of India, after the building of the Konkan Railway in the 1990s.

This station lies at an elevation of 23 m above sea level, and is part of the Konkan Railway/Konkan zone, in the division of Karwar. It is located just off the Mapusa-Bicholim road at Thivim, Bardez, North Goa.

References

External links

 www.navhindtimes.in/lethal-fighting-machine-nelson-paes/
 Satellite map of Tivim
Tivim on the Goa.PanchayatRaj.Net website

Villages in North Goa district


The Sudbury Wolves of the Eastern Professional Hockey League (EPHL) were a minor league professional ice hockey team affiliated with the National Hockey League. The team was based in Sudbury, Ontario, and played home games at the Sudbury Arena.

Prior to becoming professional, the Wolves played as an amateur senior ice hockey team in the Northern Ontario Hockey Association (NOHA) from 1951 to 1957, and the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) Senior division from 1957 to 1959. The senior amateur club was the Eastern Canada representative at the 1954 Allan Cup, losing that year's national senior championship to the Western Canada representative, the Penticton Vees.

References
 hockeyleaguehistory.com
 EPHL season-by-season standings

External links
www.sudburymuseums.ca History of hockey in Sudbury

Ice hockey teams in Ontario
Defunct ice hockey teams in Canada
Sports clubs and teams in Greater Sudbury


Martin Haselböck (born 23 November 1954, Vienna, Austria) is the Austrian musical director of Musica Angelica in Long Beach, California, United States, and the musical director and founder of the Orchester Wiener Akademie. He is also a professor at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, where he teaches organ.

Decorations and awards
 Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art (1997)
 Prague Mozart Prize (1991)
 Hungarian Liszt Prize
 Grand Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria (2010)

References

External links
 Artist's personal Homepage (in German)
 Haselböck's biography (in German)
 Vienna Academy Orchestra Homepage (in German)
 Musica Angelica Homepage
 Haselböck's American artist-representative page
 Unofficial biography by Bach Cantatas Website
 University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna (in German)

1954 births
Living people
Musicians from Vienna
Academic staff of the University of Vienna
Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art
Recipients of the Grand Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria


The Confédération Interalliée des Officiers de Réserve (CIOR) or Interallied Confederation of Reserve Officers is an association of reserve officers' associations in NATO and beyond. CIOR is sanctioned and formally recognized by NATO through the document MC 0248/2 to assist and advise on reserve affairs, however, it is politically independent. The confederation promotes and organizes advanced training measures, international seminars and working meetings for reserve officers.

Founded in 1948 CIOR now has 34 participating countries and thus represents 1 million reservists. It is the world’s largest military reserve officer organization.

Even before the Second World War there were contacts between the reserve officers' associations of Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. These connections were revived in 1946 after the end of the war. On November 20, 1948, they led to the first congress and the formal establishment of the “Conféderation Interalliée des Officiers de Réserve”. Over time other countries were gradually added: Luxembourg (1952), Denmark (1956), Greece (1956), the United States (1958), Italy (1960), Germany (1961), Great Britain (1963), Canada (1964), Norway (1966), Spain (1992) and Estonia (1999).

Mission of CIOR
CIOR’s mission is to forge links between reservists and NATO military authorities; to encourage the establishment and proliferation of ties among Reserve officers from participating countries; and to encourage those nations to offer reservists similar duties, rights, equitable training, and mobilization obligations, while respecting their differences and national traditions.

The CIOR meets at least twice a year – in the summer and winter – and they work through committees that examine issues and provide analysis relating to reserve forces. Typical issues of interest include the contribution of reserve forces to international operations, the re-integration of reservists within their respective communities following deployment abroad, the law of armed conflict, the impact of NATO expansion on the Reserves, and employer support to reservists.

The members of the delegation work before and during the congresses in the CIOR committees Defence Attitudes and Security Issues (DEFSEC), Civil-military co-operation (CIMIC), Strategic Communication (STRATCOM), Military Competitions (MILCOMP), Legal, Outreach, Seminar and the Young Reserve Officers Committee (YROC) with content and technical contributions from their national delegation. The CIOR Language Academy (CLA) promotes language training in the NATO languages English and French, while the winter seminar prepares and conducts security policy seminars on current defence and security policy issues.

In addition to their roles as reserve officers, many individual delegates of CIOR are highly accomplished business and industrial leaders, public servants, and academics. They are therefore in a unique position to contribute to a better understanding of security and defence issues in the population as a whole, as well as bringing civilian expertise and experience to the tasks and challenges facing reserve forces in NATO.

Roles of CIOR
To be the advocate/voice for the reserves to the NATO Alliance, regularly providing strategic advice to NATO’s Chairman of the Military Committee on reserve issues; and to foster the professional development of reserve officers. To offer advice to NATO on reserve issues: CIOR is a voice for reserve issues to the NATO Alliance and provides advice on the best utilization of reserve forces in a variety of operational settings, in addition to studying and promoting harmonization in the roles, duties and rights of reservists in Allied nations. CIOR also directly contributes to NATO's goals by promoting and enhancing cooperation and interoperability amongst reserve forces within the Alliance and its partners.

To enable NATO transformation: Transformation in NATO means coordinating this effort within an Alliance of 28 sovereign nations, navigating the challenges posed by the diversity of military cultures, languages, geo-political considerations, unique national security concerns, and economic factors. CIOR brings its collective expertise to bear in support of these challenges by bringing nations together, developing important cross-cultural dialogues and providing a forum for collaborative approaches to common problems.

The relationship between CIOR and NATO is fully defined in NATO Military Committee Document (MC) 248/2.

CIOR contribution to NATO
CIOR assists NATO in Outreach initiatives, fostering peace through dialogue by helping to expand membership in NATO. Active participation in CIOR strengthens national commitment and ties to the NATO Alliance, which in turn provides participating nations an enhanced reputation amongst the Alliance nations.

CIOR contributes directly to NATO goals by promoting and enhancing cooperation and interoperability amongst Reserve Forces within and beyond NATO.

CIOR provides unique, high calibre and cost-effective programs that are of benefit to NATO, bringing visibility to the value of the Reserve component, which improves military preparedness and operational effectiveness.

CIOR is an organization committed to professional development, providing high calibre and cost-effective programs benefiting individual reservists, the participating nations, and NATO. Hence, there has been signed a renewed Memorandum of Understanding in 2019 with the National Reserve Forces Committee (NRFC) of NATO for closer cooperation.

Value of CIOR
When a country supports CIOR, it is investing in the development of national Reservists and the international Reserve community, as well as contributing to NATO.

Value to individual participants – creating tomorrow’s leaders:

 CIOR enhances officer career development by providing Reservists with joint and international experience, which is otherwise often difficult to obtain.
 CIOR adds a depth of international staff experience that is second to none, helping to develop officers for their future positions.
 The leadership skills of participants are refined through better understanding of international, political, military, economic and cultural issues – none of which can be easily learned without the appropriate experience in an international setting.

Value of CIOR to a ROA/MoD
 Participation will give ROAs/MoDs direct access to the best practices and lessons learned on critical reserve issues.
 Officers obtain excellent international staff experience at very little cost, in a risk-free international environment.

Structure of CIOR

Defense Attitudes and Security Issues Committee (DEFSEC)
DEFSEC Committee acts as a think-tank, addressing current security issues at a global level. This also includes issues surrounding reserves in international operations, reserves’ role in homeland defence, employer support, mobilization, peace support, and reserve recruiting. The committee’s research work involves gathering, analysing, and disseminating information for the use of NATO, ministries of defence and other political decision makers. Committee membership adds value to its members, to NATO and to member nations, by transferring knowledge, exchanging ideas and policy initiatives, and benchmarking methodologies.

DEFSEC aims to study defence and security issues in a relevant and results-oriented manner to contribute to the policy development that takes place at the level of NATO’s Military Committee. DEFSEC’s future initiatives will explore innovative ways for the Reserve community to form strategic partnerships with our evolving stakeholders in the corporate and academic world, as well as continuing to develop our relationship with NATO and their respective Ministries of Defence.

Civil Military Cooperation Committee (CIMIC)
The CIMIC Committee capitalizes on the military and civilian skills held by reserve officers. The Committee concentrates on humanitarian aid missions, aid to civil authorities and communities, and acts as CIOR’s liaison to the Confederation of Interallied Medical Reserve Officers (CIOMR). It provides advice and analysis to the CIOR President concerning CIMIC issues as they affect the Alliance.

The Committee assists with the planning and execution of an (table-top) exercise (CIMEX) held during the Summer Congress.

CIMIC provides an excellent opportunity for young officers to both contribute and to hone their civilian and military skills in an international environment. Most committee members are professionals in the business, industrial, academic, and political fields in their respective countries, and they bring these talents which augment their military expertise, with them.

Membership on this Committee is an outstanding example of a career enhancing opportunity in an international, but safe, joint and combined atmosphere. Committee membership has direct value to member nations’ defence programs through the exchange of ideas and policy initiatives. Membership enhances national security interests by showcasing methodologies of the member countries. Participation provides critical insights and understanding of the various countries’ cultures, directly benefiting the integration of NATO forces.

Strategic Communication Committee (STRATCOM)
The CIOR STRATCOM Committee is responsible for:

 Effectively promoting awareness, understanding, and the relevance of CIOR to internal and external stakeholders and audiences
 Providing support and assistance in achieving CIOR’s strategic objectives
 Promoting public awareness and understanding of the Reserves
 Promoting public awareness and understanding of NATO
 Exchanging STRATCOM lessons learned and best practices

This committee works to market CIOR to its stakeholders and strategic target audiences. It provides direct Public Affairs support to the Military Skills Competition, Winter Seminar, Summer Symposium, CIOR Language Academy and Summer Congresses. To a lesser degree, the STRATCOM Committee also collects information from the various working bodies of CIOR to maintain an overview of CIOR activities.

The Committee directly coordinates its work and output with the Presidency’s Public Affairs staff and the CIOR event’s host nation’s Public Affairs staff. The STRATCOM Committee conducts outreach to NATO and NFRC. The Committee markets and provides professional public affairs products to NATO, NRFC and member nations’ ministries of defence and reserve associations’ web sites and publications. The committee also maintains Reserve Officer Association media databases.

The STRATCOM Committee is composed of officers with expertise from areas such as journalism, broadcast media, public affairs, public relations, communications, and marketing.

Benefits of serving on the committee include:

 The committee offers members the opportunity to work in an international setting while serving with NATO allies. Members learn the nuances of different cultures and gain experience in communicating with a diverse group of people focused on a single goal.
 The CIOR STRATCOM Committee allows its members to sharpen their skills in writing, editing and media relations. The bulk of the work focuses on writing articles, taking photos and publishing CIOR materials. In some cases, CIOR STRATCOM Committee members will be tasked with media relations work.
 The committee also gives its members the opportunity to develop strategic planning, time management and public speaking skills. It also allows them the opportunity to continue to hone their already strong journalistic writing skills.

Military Competition (MILCOMP) - Program and Committee
The MILCOMP is an integral part of the yearly Summer Congress. It is designed to test the military skills of Reservists in marksmanship, military navigation, land and water obstacle courses, hand grenade throwing, as well as testing map reading skills, first aid knowledge, and application of the Law of Armed Conflict. More than 180 Reserve Officers from CIOR and guest nations compete in this major event, normally held at a military installation, open to competitors from all ranks, male or female.

This MILCOMP Committee works with the Summer Congress host nation to ensure that this event takes place in accordance with internationally recognized regulations of competition.

The participants receive many benefits: They hone their military and teamwork skills; have an opportunity to work in a safe international environment, which is otherwise very difficult for a Reservist to achieve; and gain an understanding of the many nuances of representing their nation in an international setting.

For many Reserve Officers, CIOR participation is their first uniformed experience outside of their home country, and their first exposure to working in a joint and/or combined environment. The MILCOMP is a competitive and low- risk atmosphere, acclimatizing the participants to working with officers from different cultures and in different languages, outside of official meetings, which is a tremendous growth and career enhancing experience.

Participation allows for exchange of lessons learned and best practices between participating nations’ Reserve personnel in a competitive environment.

Officers with MILCOMP experience possess a more mature view and a broader understanding of international political/military/social/economic/cultural issues, interactions, and inter relationships than their peers, enabling them to convey the ‘big picture” to their subordinates. The enhanced leadership skill gained from MILCOMP experience instils within their subordinates a greater sense of confidence. These officers are better equipped to serve in positions of greater responsibility, with a strategic level grasp of international/coalition matters, particularly with respect to NATO and NATO-affiliated nations. MILCOMP experience readily equips participants above their peers, for service at higher command and staff levels, by providing them with a much better understanding of international matters.

In recent years, many nations, NATO and non-NATO alike, have undergone a transition to volunteer reserve forces from conscripted forces. Participating in the MILCOMP provides one venue for validating new professional development systems and training methodologies.

Legal Committee
The Legal Committee is the legal “think tank” of CIOR, composed of legally qualified or legally experienced Reserve Officers. Lawyers from all branches of the legal field are represented: judges, attorneys, prosecution officers and university professors. All share a common military background as Reservists from their respective nations. As a result, the Legal Committee represents a unique international legal body of expert professional knowledge covering a wide range of legal aspects.

The Legal Committee is the legal advisory body of CIOR and supports the presidency, council, committees and working groups CIOR and CIOMR. It focuses upon:

 Law of Armed Conflict issues,
 Employee and employer protection,
 Employer, family, and reservist support,
 Mobilization and Demobilization,
 Legal education on and development of international and military law,
 Constitution and By Laws of CIOR, and,
 Support to prospective new member associations.

The Legal Committee provides support to the MILCOMP Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC) competition, which is intended to train and educate military personnel within a realistic scenario to use and observe the legal rules of war (e.g. protection of prisoners, Geneva Convention etc.). The competition has been synchronized with the First Aid Contest (FAC) of CIOMR and is annually executed during the CIOR summer congress. The committee also administers a LOAC test to the Young Reserve Officers (YROs) to check and validate participants’ knowledge of LOAC.

Delegates to the Legal Committee have the rare opportunity to work in a joint and combined international military environment, gaining experience far beyond their national perspective. They gain special knowledge that can be applied to their respective reserve units and their civilian fields. Being involved in the committee’s activities is a valuable career development tool for Reserve Officers.

Outreach Committee
The Outreach (former Partnership for Peace) Committee establishes links for Partnership for Peace (PfP) member countries (including nations seeking entry into NATO). It has supported the creation of new Reserve Associations, and the creation of new reserve officer organizations in PfP countries since the inception of the PfP program. Since 1994, the committee’s program has successfully introduced the ROAs of the former Warsaw Pact countries into CIOR and assisted selected nations to become full members of NATO and CIOR. The PfP program continues to integrate former neutral countries of Europe, the Balkan Nations, Eastern Europe, and other countries.

NATO’s role has expanded beyond the borders of Europe and is becoming more critical in the world’s current geopolitical climate. National Reserve forces play a consistent, dependable, and important part in carrying out many of NATO’s new missions.

The committee acts as CIOR’s outreach, acting on behalf of the organization to make initial contact with Reserve Associations in non-participating nations. It provides an initial forum in which prospective new affiliates can participate. Participating in the Outreach Committee develops a Committee member’s diplomatic and leadership skills, and provides an opportunity to work in multicultural, multi-linguistic environments.

CIOR Language Academy (CLA)
It is self-evident that communication among nations is vital to maintaining peaceful relations and that within the context of the Alliance, the greater the level of English and French comprehension and articulation, the greater the effectiveness of Alliance communications.

The primary mission of the Language Academy is to teach English and French as foreign languages (EFL/FFL), by means of reservists instructing reservists of NATO member nations, new Member and Partner nations of Eastern and Central Europe and the Mediterranean Dialogue countries. The Academy offers intensive courses teaching EFL and FFL at three proficiency levels. Courses are designed to develop listening comprehension and pronunciation skills. Conversation practice uses topical discussions in a military context. Learning objectives include expanding the student’s ability to interact intelligibly in a military context, expanding the student’s ability to interact in social situations, ensuring that the student is understood by native speakers with minimal distraction of speech delivery, expanding the student’s ability to understand what the student hears in a military context, participating in group discussions, speaking with increased fluency and minimal hesitation, comprehending short class lectures, comprehending the gist of conversational English and French, expanding vocabulary in both written and spoken form, and improving skill and confidence in speaking and listening in English and French.

As a secondary mission, the Language Academy teaches cultural and military history as a supplement to its language program. The culture/history of the host nation is normally provided by a host nation guest lecturer and portions of the curriculum address CIOR background, philosophy of NATO and PfP as well as the United Nations peacekeeping.

The Academy convenes once annually for a period of two weeks.

Seminar Committee
The Winter Seminar Committee plans and conducts CIOR’s Winter Seminar. The Seminar was initiated in 1990 to address current vital defence and security issues. Participating in the seminar greatly assists officers’ professional development by providing a unique and challenging exposure to topical issues. Selected delegates from all CIOR nations attend the Seminar which is scheduled immediately prior to or after the Mid-Winter Meeting (MWM). It is conducted with the support of local institutions, usually at a conference centre in Bonn, Germany. Each CIOR participating nation is allocated several vacancies for this event, with the total approximating sixty-five (65) seats.

Seminar themes vary from year to year, depending upon the issues of international affairs that are vital to NATO, its member nations and the PfP nations. The intent under the provisions of the CIOR Constitution and By Laws is to analyse current defence, political and security issues by experts of diverse backgrounds including military officers, diplomats, and academics from various countries. These presentations and panels occur over a period of three days and encompass political, social, economic, cultural, and military issues. The venue allows the member nations to hear the expert speakers and exchange views with them and among the CIOR colleagues.

The seminar has had a wide range of high-ranking speakers over its life span. All speakers provide copies of their presentations for publication in the seminar report that is distributed in a CD to all member nations and posted in the CIOR, NATO and CIOR websites of the member nations.

The seminar’s professional career development, which is unique to NATO, provides outstanding value. Few opportunities exist for reserve component officers to experience such an enlightened atmosphere as is found at this event. There is a non-attribution policy in effect for the duration of the seminar, which promotes vigorous debate. At the conclusion of the seminar, the official delegates travel directly to NATO HQ at Brussels to attend the MWM.

Participating as a member of the Winter Seminar Committee enhances a Reservist’s organizational skills and exposes them to the challenges of making international contacts and hosting an international event.

Young Reserve Officer Committee (YRO)

Workshop/Seminar Program
The Young Reserve Officers’ program is a very popular, unique educational opportunity for officers aged 30 and below, up to the rank of Captain (Army or service equivalent). The program’s purpose is to provide junior officers an international forum both to inform and in which to debate. A Workshop takes place each summer at the CIOR Summer Congress and includes professional and social events in which junior officers interact with each other and with senior officers from CIOR participating nations, which includes the Reserve Senior Leadership participating in NATO’s National Reserve Forces Committee. Once or twice a year, Seminars, a smaller, more intimate version of the Workshop, are organized regionally to provide nations a lower cost and introductory venue for their young officers.

The program curriculum includes selected briefings from SHAPE, NATO, the NATO School, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO’s), the European Union (EU) and internationally recognized subject matter experts. Additionally, the Workshop includes a practical exercise and the presentation of a formal paper on a relevant theme based on issues of importance to NATO.

YRO delegates are placed into multinational syndicates, allowing for free flow discussions, which enable the participants to develop close working relationships and an understanding of different national perspectives. The program value lies in the exchange of information, as well as learning compromise and diplomacy.

The principle benefits are:

 Allows junior Reserve officers to work and debate in a structured environment to better understand and appreciate the diversity of their colleagues’ civilian and military processes, traditions, and values.
 An opportunity for young Reserve officers of NATO and NATO partner nations to gain a unique experience and individual perspective of multinational and inter allied Reserve Forces in a structured environment.
 Enhances joint and combined interoperability and professional development, strengthening ties among Alliance countries through personal exchanges between young officers.
 Participants gain an understanding of the spectrum of global geopolitical tensions, interactions, national perceptions, and relationships in an international environment.

As NATO’s role develops with an increasing use of Reserve Forces in multinational operations, the YROW programme offers a set of unique opportunities to facilitate the relationships and understanding required on NATO-led operations that will enhance military capability.

Delegates-at-Large (DAL) Program
Delegates-at-Large attend CIOR/CIOMR functions to support CIOR and CIOMR activities and the Atlantic Alliance. The DALs stay engaged and up to date in current affairs while continuing to maintain their friendships and sharing camaraderie with other international officers.

Serving and retired Reserve officers and family members, as well as the family members of the official delegates, may be authorized by their respective national associations to attend the Summer Congress as Delegates-at-Large. There is no cost to the Reserve Associations for them to attend, as they pay their own travel expenses and registration fees. At their discretion, they attend some professional development sessions and may participate in the CIOR/CIOMR organized cultural trips.

CIOR benefits from DAL attendance in two ways. Firstly, the DALs broaden the audience, bringing their perspectives to the discussions at hand, and secondly, by increasing attendance, allow CIOR to achieve a greater economies of scale in planning events, contributing to group hotel rates available for the official delegates through quantity discount and augmenting the hotel’s conference amenities.

Many Delegates-at-Large are professionals in the business, industrial, academic, and political fields in their respective countries and have (or have had) extensive and distinguished service careers. They bring these talents with them when attending the Summer Congress. The natural interface that takes place between the official delegates and the Delegates-at-Large from the various participating countries has a very positive affect.

Special briefings are held for the Delegates-at-Large on key defence issues, as well as on CIOR and NATO topics. DAL participation helps to create an informed constituency that can better influence opinions on Reserve matters in their respective countries.

Activities

Professional development
CIOR is an organization committed to professional development, and it provides a variety of high-calibre and cost-effective programs that benefit individual reservists, their member nations, and NATO as a whole. By raising awareness of contemporary reserve issues and promoting interoperability and cooperation while respecting national traditions, CIOR develops individual reservists to serve national and international interests.

Some of the key opportunities for professional development uniquely available through CIOR include the following:

Military competition
Over 250 athletes participate in CIOR's military competition each year. Established in 1957, it is an internationally recognized competition that is focused on military skills that truly challenge the leadership and physical robustness of reservists from across NATO and its partners. It is highly relevant to deployed operations as it trains and tests real warrior skills that officers need to master for success on the current battlefield (physical fitness, teamwork, land navigation, marksmanship, combat first aid, and Law of Armed Conflict).

Young Reserve Officers Workshop
Annually, about 60 reserve officers attend this week-long workshop, concentrating on current defence and security issues that relate to reserve force issues within NATO and its partners. It is designed to be a first international exposure for young officers to colleagues from the alliance and its partners. YROW is an enriching experience for these young officers, who are the future of the alliance, providing them an opportunity to establish professional relationships that often last throughout their careers, and offering a strong foundation on which to build their NATO experience.

CIOR Language Academy
The CIOR Language Academy teaches English and French as a second language, emphasizing a NATO military lexicon. The students are reserve officers of NATO member nations, new Member and Partner nations of Eastern and Central Europe and the Mediterranean Dialogue countries. Through the Language Academy, students are provided an essential and indispensable tool to carry out international NATO business – the ability to communicate in one of NATO's two official languages. Established in 2000, the Language Academy is growing each year and trains up to 100 students yearly from almost every nation of Eastern and Central Europe.

Winter Seminar
A Seminar is held for three days immediately preceding the MWM. Each CIOR member country is allocated several seats for this event, with the total approximating sixty-five (65). Seminar themes vary from year to year, depending upon the state of international affairs. The intent is to provide up to date information on the chosen theme via a series of briefings and presentations by military officers, diplomats, and academics from various countries. These presentations and panels encompass political, social, economic, cultural, and military issues. The Seminar Committee is the subject of a separate fact sheet.

CIMIC Exercise
The CIMIC Committee hosts an annual table-top Civil-Military Exercise (CIMEX) prior to the CIOR Summer Congress every year and in 2018 the CIMEX was added into the NATO Military & Training Education Program (MTEP). During CIMEX 2020, there was another first for CIOR, as the 2020 CIOR CIMEX for the first time was run both online and physically. The overriding principles of CIMEX are: Demonstrating civil-military liaison skills; Collaboration and Information-sharing on emerging NATO challenges; Promoting best practices and professional development within in the CIMIC community. The exercise is tailored for approximately 50 participants each year.

CIOR/CIOMR Mid-Winter Meeting (MWM)
Usually held in February at NATO Headquarters. The meeting starts with presentations by the CIOR/CIOMR International Presidencies outlining their organizations’ updated priorities, tasks, and plans, plus any additional information relating to the agenda for the meeting. Presentations are usually given by officials from NATO and SHAPE (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe), as well as from the Chair of NATO’s NRFC, which provide guidance to the delegates and information on the current state of affairs of these organizations and the implications for the Alliance.

The CIOR Committees and CIOMR meet to work on tasks assigned by the Presidency and the Council. At the end of the week a closing formal dinner is held on the final evening. These activities offer networking opportunities for all delegates. The MWM closes with a final general session to review the work that has been done and to plan for the future.

The CIOR/CIOMR Summer Congress
A CIOR affiliate hosts this event in their nation on a rotating basis, usually in July or August. A one-and–a-half day symposium on reserve issues is held during the Congress on topical issues of relevance to Reservists from all nations. The Symposium attracts speakers at the highest political, military, and academic levels. The speakers address issues such as mobilization and Reserve readiness, demobilization, and repatriation of Reservists to their home countries and civilian jobs, and appropriate utilization of civilian specialists for peace support operations. The professional development value of these sessions cannot be overstated. The Young Reserve Officers Workshop (YROW) participants also attend the Symposium as part of their program to enhance their career development.

Concurrent with the official meetings, there are events for Delegates-at-Large during the day, although they are also encouraged to attend the professional development sessions.

In Between Meetings
Additionally, 2–3 days of executive planning meetings are also held in the Fall and Spring of the year. Attendance is at the discretion of the International President and usually involves Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries General, International Committee Chairs, Presidency staff and selected others by invitation.

Notable members
 Lt Col HRH Prince Peter of Greece – CIOR president from 1962 to 1964

List of successive presidents since 1948

References

External links

Military-related organizations
Organizations related to NATO
Reserve forces


Patricia Raybon is an author and journalist. Her essays have been published in The New York Times Magazine, Newsweek, USA Today, USA Weekend, Chicago Tribune, The Denver Post, and Rocky Mountain News, and reprinted in several college textbooks. She previously taught journalism at the University of Colorado Boulder.

Literary career
Raybon's first book was My First White Friend: Confessions on Race, Love, and Forgiveness, published by Viking in 1996. She describes her experiences growing up in a predominantly white suburb of Denver and reflects on the intersection of faith and racial healing in her life. Publishers Weekly commented that the "confessional has the intimate voice of hard-won honesty", and while a reviewer for Kirkus Reviews felt that certain aspects of the book were not fully explored, they praised it as "a universal testament to the power of reaching out and moving on". The book received a Christopher Award in 1997.

In her 2005 book I Told the Mountain to Move, published by Tyndale, Raybon recounts her relationship with prayer throughout her life, contained in a series of 24 lessons. It received praise from Publishers Weekly, which described it as "a powerful and personal book about prayer". With her daughter Alana, she co-authored Undivided: A Muslim Daughter, Her Christian Mother, Their Path to Peace, published by Thomas Nelson in 2015. The book describes Alana's conversion to Islam, the ensuing estrangement between Alana and Patricia, and their eventual reconciliation.

In 2021, Raybon's novel All That Is Secret was published by Tyndale. The story centers on Annalee Spain, a Black woman in the 1920s who investigates her father's murder in Denver. In a review for The Denver Post, Sandra Dallas described Annalee's character as "a welcome addition to a genre that is dominated by white women and hard-boiled men". All That Is Secret received the 2022 Christy Award in the First Novel category. The second novel in the Annalee Spain series, Double the Lies, is set to be published by Tyndale in February 2023.

References

External links
 Official website

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American Christian writers
American women journalists
21st-century American women
University of Colorado Boulder faculty


Adris Grupa d.d. is a Croatian diversified conglomerate based in Rovinj. It has more than 8,000 employees, and is one of the leading companies in the region, with an annual income of more than 5 billion kunas (around 1 bln dollars).

Since the sale of Tvornica duhana Rovinj (TDR) to British American Tobacco in September 2015, its core businesses are Maistra (tourism and hotels), Cromaris (food industry), and Croatia osiguranje (insurance). It also operates a public internship and employment program called "The Future in Adris" and The Adris Foundation, which awards scholarships and donations.

It's being traded on the Zagreb Stock Exchange (ZSE) with a ticker symbol "ADRS". In June 2022, Adris announced a one-year share buyback programme.

References

External links

Companies listed on the Zagreb Stock Exchange
Tobacco companies of Croatia
Manufacturing companies established in 1872
1872 establishments in Austria-Hungary
Holding companies of Croatia
Croatian companies established in 2003
Companies of Croatia


Calyptocephalella is a genus of frogs in the family Calyptocephalellidae. It is represented by a single living species, Calyptocephalella gayi, commonly known as the helmeted water toad, Chilean helmeted bull frog, or wide-mouthed toad. Additionally, there are a few extinct species that are only known from Late Cretaceous and Paleogene fossil remains from Patagonia in South America and the Antarctic Peninsula (at times when it was warmer and wetter). The helmeted water toad living today is aquatic to semi-aquatic, and found in deep ponds and reservoirs in central Chile and possibly adjacent west-central Argentina.

This very large toad typically weighs up to , but sometimes considerably more. It is the world's second largest frog after the goliath frog. It is threatened by capture for human consumption, habitat loss, pollution, introduced species and the disease chytridiomycosis. It is often kept in herpetoculture, mostly locally where it is farmed for food, but also in other countries as a pet.

Characteristics

The helmeted water toad is a robust species with a broad head and large mouth. It is very large, and can reach a snout–to–vent length of up to  in males and  in females. The typical maximum weight is , but exceptionally large individuals can reach . Such giants are essentially unheard of today, although there are recent records of several individuals weighing . It is the largest anuran (frogs and toads) of the Americas, surpassing other large species like the Blomberg's, cane, Colorado River, cururu and smooth-sided toads, and the American bull-, Lake Junin, mountain chicken and Titicaca water frogs. The maximum snout–to–vent is similar to that of the world's largest frog, the African goliath frog (Conraua goliath), which however can weigh more. Helmeted water toads are colored yellow, brown and green, with light green in mature specimens, while the oldest are gray, or have gray patches on a dark background. The olive-brown to dusky tadpoles also grow unusually large, typically exceeding lengths of  and reaching up to .

Behavior

Reproduction and aggressive behavior
The helmeted water toad breeds in the South Hemisphere spring (September–October) when males call. The female lays between 1,000 and 16,000 eggs in shallow, well-vegetated water. Although many eggs never hatch, captive studies have shown that a single spawning may result in more than 1,000 tadpoles. Typical larval (tadpole) life lasts five months to a year, but up to two years. After hatching, larval survival depends on the presence of vegetation as the existence of movements in the body of water maintain good oxygenation, but the presence of seasonal ponds with some degree of drainage is essential for hatching, as these sites contain fewer predators to the larvae. Then, the transport of larvae from ponds, to larger bodies of water during the rains, or transport of these among several bodies of water facilitates the survival and allows a good development of populations. The larvae prefer cooler areas of the body of water and protective aquatic vegetation, unlike toad larvae that occupy the same sites and have a higher degree of pigmentation that protects them from the solar rays. While the species is almost entirely aquatic, especially young helmeted water toads that are recently metamorphosed from the tadpole stage often can be seen on land. In captivity, they can breed when 2 years old and a female was able to breed until 24 years old.

The helmeted water toad is quite aggressive and it has an aggressive call specifically directed at other individuals of the same species. During encounters with conspecifics they inflate their body, open their large mouth and may jump forward towards an opponent. The same behavior can be directed at potential predators, including humans, although they may choose to escape silently by diving into the water.

Feeding
Their food in the tadpole stage is vegetation and detritus. Adults feed on virtually any animal they can overpower and swallow, including fish, invertebrates, small birds, small mammals and other frogs. Cannibalism also occurs.

Conservation status
The helmeted water toad is a vulnerable species according to IUCN due to capture for human consumption (to a lesser degree also to supply the pet trade), habitat loss, pollution, introduced species (especially trout and African clawed frog) and the disease chytridiomycosis (caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). The species is kept in frog farms that supply the food market, but helmeted waters toads take three years to reach a marketable size; they have been unable to produce enough to meet the demand and the farms have not been lucrative. Despite being illegal in Chile, wild caught individuals are still frequently sold for food in the country and control is insufficient. International trade require a permit, as the species is listed on CITES Appendix III.

On average, helmeted water toads experience water temperatures of about  in the winter and  in the summer. While their tolerance is broader, they already have an increased mortality rate at  and are entirely unable to cope with temperatures of   or warmer. It is projected that a significant percentage of the population will disappear before the year 2100 due to global warming. In some places where water levels have been greatly reduced due to a combination of climate change (drought) and extraction for agriculture, mass deaths of helmeted water toads have already been recorded.

It is also threatened by the introduction of the African clawed frog (known in Chile as the African toad), a species that has affected, as in other parts of the world, local amphibians when carrying the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which passes through the skin of amphibians not adapted to it.  Their cells react to the pathogen, causing hardening and, therefore, hyperkeratosis and death by asphyxiation. The fungus has been classified as a major factor in the decline in amphibian populations worldwide, but in Chile has been reported recently, in 2009. Other causes cited are competition that occurs between African clawed frog and helmeted water toad, introduced for sale in the market for frog legs.

See also
 Goliath frog (Conraua goliath) – the world's largest frog from Africa
 Lake Junin giant frog (Telmatobius macrostomus) – the world's largest exclusively aquatic frog from Peru

References

Panama Amphibian Rescue and Conservation Project: Workshop in Chile targets the protection of the Helmeted Water Toad
  Vidal and Labra (2008). Herpetología de Chile.

Calyptocephalellidae
Amphibians of Chile
Endemic fauna of Chile
Frogs of South America
Monotypic amphibian genera
Amphibians described in 1841
Fauna of the Chilean Matorral
Fauna of the Valdivian temperate forests


Carambolim is a village in North Goa district, Goa, India.

Geography
It is located at an elevation of 5 m above MSL.

Location
The railway station at Carambolim (Karmali) falls under the jurisdiction of the Konkan Railway.

References

External links

 Satellite map of Karmali
 About Karmali

Villages in North Goa district


Arthur Ludgate Valpey Jr. (August 5, 1915 – March 12, 2007) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Harvard University from 1948 to 1949 and at the University of Connecticut from 1950 to 1951, compiling a career college football coach record of 12–21. Valpey played college football at the University of Michigan.

Playing career
A native of Dayton, Ohio, Valpey was an all-state halfback at Dayton's Steele High School. Valpey enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1934, where freshman football coach Wally Weber moved him to the end position. Valpey played end for the 1935, 1936 and 1937 Michigan Wolverines football teams coached by Harry Kipke.

Coaching career
After graduating, Valpey became a high school football coach for five years, working for one year each in Ida, Michigan, and Manchester, Michigan, and eventually at Midland, Michigan. He was next hired in April 1940 to serve as the head football coach and athletic director at Midland High School, where he remained for three years. Valpey was hired as the freshman line coach at the University of Michigan at the end of the 1942 season and was on the school's coaching staff from 1943 through 1947. In 1945 and 1946, Valpey became the chief scout and line coach under Michigan's legendary coach Fritz Crisler. In 1947, Valpey served as the ends coach for the undefeated Michigan team that is considered the greatest football team in the school's history. Under Valpey's tutelage, both of Michigan's starting ends Bob Mann and Len Ford were selected as second- and third-team All-Americans for the 1947 season.

In February 1948, Valpey was hired by Harvard University as its head football coach, succeeding retiring coach Dick Harlow. Valpey won his first game as the head coach at Harvard, becoming the last Harvard coach to accomplish that feat until 1994. Valpey was Harvard's football coach in 1948 and 1949. In his first season, Harvard's football team had a 4–4 record, but in his second season as coach, the team compiled a 1–9 record, reported at the time to be "the worst season in the history of Harvard football." Despite the team's poor record in 1949, Valpey became a popular member of the Harvard community. When Valpey announced in February 1950 that he had accepted the head coaching job at the University of Connecticut, The Harvard Crimson wrote the following about Valpey:"There was every reason for him to go to Connectient: his contract was due to run out next fall, he was faced with a schedule which is sure to produce few victories; and in that situation, the Provost could not be expected to guarantee a contract renewal at this early date. Valpey, being young, has to think of the future. All these considerations made the decision clear. But Harvard will not only be losing a coach who has a keen eye for his professional future. Art Valpey has managed to build up, through a fairly dismal two year period, a respect and affection in associates that has been remarkable."

When he left Harvard, Valpey still had a year remaining on his contract, and told the press that Harvard had given him permission to negotiate for a new job, though he had also been told he could remain at Harvard for the 1950 season.

Valpey was the head football coach at the University of Connecticut in the 1950 and 1951 seasons, compiling records of 3–5 in 1950 and 4–4 in 1951.

In July 1952, Valpey was replaced as Connecticut's head coach with Robert Ingalls. Valpay told reporters at the time that he intended to go into private business.

Later life
Valpey worked for the Arab American Oil Company (ARAMCO) from 1952 until 1969, when he retired from his position as a company representative in Ras Tanura in eastern Saudi Arabia.

Valpey died in March 2007 at age 91. His last residence was at Boothbay Harbor, Maine.

Head coaching record

College

References

1915 births
2007 deaths
American football ends
UConn Huskies football coaches
Harvard Crimson football coaches
Michigan Wolverines football coaches
Michigan Wolverines football players
High school football coaches in Michigan
People from Boothbay Harbor, Maine
Sportspeople from Midland, Michigan
Coaches of American football from Ohio
Players of American football from Dayton, Ohio


Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe is a landscape park in Kassel, Germany. The area of the park is , making it the largest European hillside park, and second largest park on a hill slope in the world. Construction of the Bergpark, or "mountain park", began in 1689 at the behest of the Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel and took about 150 years. The park is open to the public today. Since 2013, it has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its monumental Baroque architecture and its unique fountains and water features.

Geography

Location

, a Stadtteil of Kassel in northern Hesse, is situated west of the city centre at the foot of the Habichtswald hill range. It is also known for Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe station on the Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway line.

Description
The park comprises an area of about , stretching from Kassel up to the Karlsberg mountain at . At the summit of the park stands the Hercules monument, a 40-meter high pyramid with a 8.5-meter bronze statue of Hercules. Behind the monument, a series of reservoirs gather water, which passes through a complex series of channels, valves, aqueducts, and water-wheels as it flows from the monument down through the park. The water tumbles through a Baroque water theatre, grotto, fountains, two hydraulic organs and several waterfalls (including a Great Cascade that is 350 meters long) before arriving at the pond, with the Great Fountain. At about 50 meters (160 ft) high, the Great Fountain was the largest fountain in Europe at the time of its creation in 1767. Below the pond and Great Fountain, the water runs in to ponds and pools at the Wilhelmshöhe Palace, built for the Elector of Hesse William I in the late 18th century.

Hercules

The Kassel Hercules is a copper statue depicting the ancient Greek demigod Heracles (Gr. Ηρακλής, German Herkules). It is a copy of the third century Farnese Hercules statue, created by Johann Jacob Anthoni, a goldsmith from Augsburg.

History
Originally laid out in the Baroque style of the giardino all'italiana and the French formal garden, with water features running downhill in cascades to Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, it was later re-arranged into an English landscape garden.

In 1143, Canons Regular from Mainz established the Weißenstein monastery at the site of present-day Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, which was dissolved in the course of the Protestant Reformation. Landgrave Philip I of Hesse used the remaining buildings as a hunting lodge, largely rebuilt by his descendant Maurice of Hesse-Kassel from 1606 to 1610.

1696–1806

The Bergpark came into being as a Baroque park under Landgrave Charles I of Hesse-Kassel. In 1701, the Italian architect  started the construction of the Hercules monument and the giant cascades. In 1785, Wilhelm (William) IX, Landgrave of Hesse started a large extension of the park, and the following year his architect, Simon Louis du Ry, designed the Neoclassical palace Schloss Wilhelmshöhe.

Meanwhile, the ideals of the landscaping changed from the French Baroque to the English garden. In the course of the extension and modifications, , apart from contributing to the design of the palace, created constructions still characterizing the park today: artificial ruins like the  (Lion's Castle) and the Roman aqueduct, as well as extensions of the water garden like the Lac, the fountain pond, and the Teufelsbrücke (Devil's Bridge) with the Höllenteich (Hell's Pond). In 1793, Karl Steinhöfer added the Steinhöfer Waterfall to the water garden.

1806–1866
Kassel became the capital of the newly created Kingdom of Westphalia, a vassal state of France, ruled by Napoleon's brother Jérôme Bonaparte.  He kept court at the palace of Wilhelmshöhe (which was renamed Napoleonshöhe) until 1813, after Napoleon's defeat and the restoration of the electorate. The king's Head Chamberlain and governor of Napoleonshöhe was Count Heinrich von Blumenthal. In 1826, William II, Elector of Hesse ordered the last large construction of the Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe, the grosser Wasserfall (Great Waterfall).

1866–1918

Having sided with Austria in the Austro-Prussian War for supremacy in Germany, the principality was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866. The Prussian administration united Nassau, Frankfurt and Hesse-Kassel into the new Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau. Kassel ceased to be a princely residence, the dynasty of the creators of the park ended.

In 1870, after the Battle of Sedan, French Emperor Napoleon III was sent as a prisoner to Schloss Wilhelmshöhe before going into exile in Britain. From 1899, German Emperor Wilhelm II, who went to school in Kassel, chose Wilhelmshöhe as his summer residence, which turned the castle and the park into a centre of European politics for the next two decades. After the armistice which ended World War I, the Oberste Heeresleitung led by Paul von Hindenburg organized and led the withdrawal and demobilization of the German troops from here from November 1918 to February 1919.

20th and 21st century
Schloss Wilhelmshöhe was damaged by Allied bombs in World War II. From 1968 to 1974, it was rebuilt as an art museum. It houses a wallpaper collection, a collection of Graeco-Roman antiques, and a gallery of Old Masters paintings. The collection focuses on the 16th and 17th century, containing masterpieces by German, Italian, French and Spanish painters. It comprises the second-largest collection of Rembrandts in Germany. Rembrandt's famous "Saskia" and "The Man with the Slouch Hat" by Frans Hals are among them.

In 1972, the Chancellor of West Germany Willy Brandt and the Prime Minister of the German Democratic Republic Willi Stoph met in Schloss Wilhelmshöhe for negotiations between the two German states.

No extensions were made to the Park in the 20th century. Extensive renovations to the Hercules monument and cascades have been ongoing in the 21st century, and are still in progress; much of the monument continues to be shrouded in scaffolding.

Today
Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe is administered by the State of Hesse and affiliated with the European Garden Heritage Network since 2009. On 23 June 2013 it was proclaimed as a World Heritage Site during the UNESCO meeting in Phnom Penh. It is part of the Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel.

Evaluation
Art historian Georg Dehio (1850–1932), inspirator of the modern discipline of historic preservation, described the park as "possibly the most grandiose combination of landscape and architecture that the Baroque dared anywhere" ("vielleicht das Grandioseste, was irgendwo der Barock in Verbindung von Architektur und Landschaft gewagt hat.").

Literature
 Giovanni Francesco Guerniero, Delineatio Montis, Cassel 1706
 Paul Heidelbach, Die Geschichte der Wilhelmshöhe. Klinkhardt & Biermann, Leipzig, 1909
 Horst Becker und Michael Karkosch, Park Wilhelmshöhe, Parkpflegewerk, Bad Homburg und Regensburg 2007, .
 Verwaltung der Staatlichen Schlösser und Gärten Hessen, ComputerWorks AG und Michael Karkosch, Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe, Gartendenkmalpflegerische Zielplanung mit VectorWorks Landschaft, Lörrach 2007.
 Bernd Modrow und Claudia Gröschel, Fürstliches Vergnügen, 400 Jahre Gartenkultur in Hessen, Verlag Schnell und Steiner, Bad Homburg und Regensburg 2002, .
 Michael Karkosch, Zeitreise in die Jahrhundertwende, Der Kaiserpark Wilhelmshöhe in Kassel, in: SehensWerte, Heft 4, Besuchermagazin der Verwaltung der Staatlichen Schlösser und Gärten Hessen, Bad Homburg 2008, S. 28f.
 Dunja Richter, Der Duft der großen weiten Welt, Wilhelminische Pflanzenhausarchitektur in Kassel, in: SehensWerte, Heft 4, Besuchermagazin der Verwaltung der Staatlichen Schlösser und Gärten Hessen, Bad Homburg 2008, S. 30.
 Michael Karkosch, Zurückgelassen in der Heimat, Erdmann – Lieblingsteckel Seiner Majestät, in: SehensWerte, Heft 4, Besuchermagazin der Verwaltung der Staatlichen Schlösser und Gärten Hessen, Bad Homburg 2008, S. 35.
 Siegfried Hoß, Kaiserliche Farbenpracht – neu entfacht!, in: SehensWerte, Heft 4, Besuchermagazin der Verwaltung der Staatlichen Schlösser und Gärten Hessen, Bad Homburg 2008, S. 42.
 Marianne Bolbach, Geschichte und soziale Bedeutung des Bergparks Wilhelmshöhe, Kassel 1988.
 Paul Heidelbach, Die Geschichte der Wilhelmshöhe, Leipzig 1909, Nachdruck, hrsg. v. Dieter Carl, Vellmar 2005.
 Alfred Hoffmann und Herrmann Mielke. Kassel – Schlosspark Wilhelmshöhe – Bäume und Sträucher, hrsg. v. d. Verwaltung der Staatlichen Schlösser und Gärten Hessen, Bad Homburg 1994 (3. überarbeitete Aufl.).
 Jutta Korsmeier, Wasserkünste im Schlosspark Wilhelmshöhe, hrsg. v. d. Verwaltung der Staatlichen Schlösser und Gärten Hessen, Bad Homburg und Regensburg 2000, .
 Helmut Sander, Das Herkules-Bauwerk in Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe, Kassel 1981.

Gallery

References

External links

Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe : UNESCO Official Website
Website of Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel
City Map Kassel – The water arts at the foot of the Hercules.
Stadtpanoramen.de – Panoramas of Bergpark & Schloss Wilhelmshöhe and the Hercules monument & cascades
Youtube – Illuminated water arts in Kassel at night
 Youtube – Water arts in Kassel

Buildings and structures in Kassel
Landmarks in Germany
Parks in Germany
Royal residences in Hesse
Protected areas of Hesse
Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel
World Heritage Sites in Germany
Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel


A piyāla (, , ), also called piola, piyola (, ), piala (  or  ), chini (, , , from China) or kasa (, )  is a small ceramic bowl used throughout Central Asia for drinking tea. It is similar to the East Asian chawan. Piyālas may be used for other beverages too, such as kymyz, though traditionally a full-size bowl (called kese) is used for cold and hot beverages.

References

Teaware
Central Asian cuisine


Twickenham is a town in the Borough of Richmond upon Thames, in west London.

Twickenham may also refer to:

 the former Municipal Borough of Twickenham, which merged into the present London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in 1965
 Twickenham Film Studios
 Twickenham Stadium, a rugby union stadium in Twickenham, England
 Twickenham (UK Parliament constituency)
 Huntsville, Alabama, US, by original name
 Twickenham Historic District, in Huntsville
 Twickenham, Oregon, US, an unincorporated community in Wheeler County
 , a Second World War minesweeper


Harry's Gone Fishing is a 1999 album by Leon Rosselson.

It contains eleven songs, ten of which were original Rosselson compositions. The other, "You Noble Diggers All" was reissued from his 1979 album, If I Knew Who The Enemy Was (where it had originally appeared under the title, "The Diggers Song") and is about the Diggers movement, with words by the 17th century Digger Gerrard Winstanley set to music by Rosselson.

Musicians on the album include Robb Johnson and Martin Carthy.

Track listing

1999 albums
Leon Rosselson albums


"Then" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It is his twenty-third entry on the Billboard country charts, debuting at number 26 on the chart week of April 4, 2009. The song is the lead-off single from his seventh studio album, American Saturday Night, which was released via Arista Nashville on June 30, 2009.  It is one of Paisley's four songs certified 2× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, the others being "She's Everything", "Whiskey Lullaby", and "Remind Me".  Paisley wrote this song with Ashley Gorley and Chris DuBois.

Content
"Then" is a ballad, backed primarily by piano and electric guitar. In it, the male narrator expresses his love for his female partner. In the verses, he recalls various events in their relationship, such as meeting for the first time, kissing on her porch, and then proposing to her at the place where they first met. In the chorus, he says how much stronger his love has become since their first meeting.

Critical reception
The song has been given mixed critical reviews. Robert Christgau included it at number 12 in his ballot for Rolling Stone's list of the decades' best songs. Liz Jungers gave a favorable review on Roughstock, saying that the song was well written and produced, and that it showed a more serious side to Paisley, in contrast to his novelty songs such as "Ticks" and "Online". Leeann Ward of Country Universe gave it a B− rating, saying that it was largely cliché but adding that it was "an admirable enough sentiment with an inoffensive production, but it’s not at all impressive coming from an artist with so many years of songwriting experience behind him." Juli Thanki of Engine 145, however, gave the song a thumbs-down rating. Thanki's review criticized the song for lacking lyrical depth, and called it "a bland collection of memories and observations about an anonymous girl who is now Paisley’s whole life and world."

Personnel
As listed in liner notes
Randle Currie - steel guitar
Eric Darken - percussion
Kevin "Swine" Grantt - bass guitar
Wes Hightower - background vocals
Gordon Mote - piano
Brad Paisley - lead vocals, electric guitar, acoustic guitar
Ben Sesar - drums
Justin Williamson - fiddle

Gang Vocals (album version only)
Robert Arthur
Tracie Hamilton
Gary Hooker
Kendal Marcy
Tim Owens
Valerie Pringle
Ben Sesar
Emily Reeves
Missy Reeves
Scott Reeves

Chart performance
"Then" debuted at number 26 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts dated for the week of April 4, 2009. It became his tenth consecutive Number One hit for the week of June 6, 2009. In August of the same year, "Then" became Paisley's first entry on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts, debuting at number 30.

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2009 singles
Brad Paisley songs
Songs written by Brad Paisley
Songs written by Ashley Gorley
Song recordings produced by Frank Rogers (record producer)
Arista Nashville singles
Songs written by Chris DuBois
2009 songs


The Oklahoma Department of Consumer Credit (ODCC) is an agency of the state of Oklahoma. The department regulates the consumer lending business in Oklahoma by overseeing non-commercial credit, small loans, installment sales and usury. The department also investigates and licenses creditors of the state.

The department is led by a Consumer Credit Commission, which consists of eight member appointed by the Governor of Oklahoma with the consent of the Oklahoma Senate to serve five year terms. The State Banking Commissioner serves as a non-voting member of the commission. The department's executive is the Administrator of Consumer Credit who is appointed by the commission.

The department was created in 1969 during the term of Governor Dewey F. Bartlett.

Organization
Commission on Consumer Credit
Administrator
Deputy Administrator
Licensing Division
Examination Division
Business Division
Legal Division

Commission on Consumer Credit
The Commission on Consumer Credit is the governing body of the department. The commission consists of nine members appointed by the Governor of Oklahoma with the consent of the Oklahoma Senate. Five of those members are appointed at-large members and four members are appointed as follows: one member is recommended by the Oklahoma Consumer Finance Association, one from the Independent Finance Institute, one from the Oklahoma Pawnbrokers Association and one from the Oklahoma Association of Mortgage Professionals. The State Banking Commissioner is a non-voting tenth member of the commission.

The term of each members, excluding the State Banking Commissioner, is five years. Members of the commission are eligible for reappointment. No more than three members at-large of the commission are to be of the same political party. No more than two of the additional members are to be of the same political party.

The primary duties of the commission include the establish of rules to regulate to consumer credit market and to appoint the Administrator of the department, who serves at the pleasure of the commission.

See also
Oklahoma Office of State Finance
Oklahoma State Banking Department
Oklahoma Department of Securities
Oklahoma Tax Commission

External links
Oklahoma Department of Consumer Credit website

Consumer Credit, Department of
1969 establishments in Oklahoma


Valerie Azlynn (born November 25, 1980) is an American actress. She has appeared in several television shows and movies, notably starring in the TV comedy Sullivan & Son.

Early life
Azlynn was born Valerie Asselin and raised in New London, Connecticut. She attended The Williams School and Waterford High School, and had open-heart surgery to repair an atrial septal defect at age 13.

On March 4, 1993, Azlynn's successful open heart surgery was performed, and it changed her life and her appearance forever. She started working with the Mended Little Hearts non-profit as their national spokesperson in 2013, where she works to help kids who had open heart surgery get beyond the stigma that comes from the unsightly scars.

Valerie moved to New York City after high school at the age of 17. She studied acting for two years at the New York Conservatory for Dramatic Arts (formerly the School for Film and Television).

Career
Azlynn moved to New York City at age 17 to pursue a career as an actress, building her résumé by performing in the theater and singing with an opera company in Manhattan, New York. She later moved to Los Angeles.

In 2004, Azlynn landed a supporting role in The Joe Schmo Show as Piper "The Bachelorette." She has since appeared in episodes of Hot in Cleveland, Cold Case, CSI: NY, The Big Bang Theory, Two and a Half Men, Rules of Engagement, How I Met Your Mother, Joey, iCarly, The Loop, Mr. Sunshine, and many others. From 2012 through 2014, Azlynn starred as Melanie on the TBS comedy Sullivan & Son.

Azlynn has appeared in roles on the big screen, including in Poseidon and Tropic Thunder, among others. In some early movies, Azlynn appeared under the name Valerie Asselin.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1980 births
Actresses from Connecticut
American film actresses
American television actresses
Living people
People from New London, Connecticut
People with congenital heart defects
21st-century American actresses


To the Nines is the sixth studio album by the Danish melodeath/thrash metal band Hatesphere. To the Nines peaked at number 36 on the Tracklisten, the Danish top 40 record chart.

Track listing

Personnel
 Peter "Pepe" Lyse Hansen - rhythm guitar
 Mixen Lindberg - bass guitar
 Dennis Buhl - drums
 Jakob Nyholm - lead guitar
 Jonathan "Joller" Albrechtsen - vocals

Release dates

23.03 – Denmark
25.03 – Finland & Spain
27.03 – GSA, Benelux, Sweden, France, Italy
30.03 – Europe
07.04 – North America

References

2009 albums
Hatesphere albums
Napalm Records albums


Privredna banka Zagreb (PBZ) is a Croatian bank that provides services to individuals and legal entities, performs card business, investment banking, private banking, rental, real estate management, brokerage and consulting services, and real estate business. It operates throughout the territory of the Republic of Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and employs over 4,000 employees. The total assets of the bank in 2022 amounted to 157.33 billion kunas.

Services

 Daily finances
 Digital banking
 Lending
 Investments
 Insurance
 Cards
 Real estate transactions
 Brokerage business
 Consultation

History
In 1966 Privredna banka Zagreb d.d. (PBZ) was founded and is the legal successor of the Bank of the National Republic of Croatia, founded in 1962.
In the year 1989 the bank became a joint-stock company.
After the successful privatization in December 1999, Banca Commerciale Italiana (BCI) bought 66.3% of the shares of Privredna banka Zagreb d.d., and the State Agency for Insurance of Savings Deposits and Rehabilitation of Banks retained a share of 25% plus two shares.
In 2000, Banca Commerciale Italiana (BCI) became part of Gruppo Intesa.
In 2000, PBZ started implementing internet banking.
In the year 2000, Krapinsko – zagorska banka was annexed to Privredna banka Zagreb
During 2002, a minority share (20.88%) owned by Privredna banka Zagreb d.d. was acquired by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).
In the 2004, Privredna banka Zagreb d.d. and Riadria Bank were merged.
In 2005, Privredna banka Laguna banka was added to the bank.
In January 2006, card operations of Privredna banka Zagreb d.d. and PBZ American Express were integrated into a new company called PBZ Card d.o.o. which is today the leading card institution in the country.
With the merger of two large Italian banks in 2007, Banca Intesa and Sanpaolo IMI, Privredna banka Zagreb d.d. becomes a member of the Intesa Sanpaolo Group.
In 2012, Međimurska banka d.d. was merged with Privredna banka Zagreb d.d.
In June 2015, by acquiring a stake (20.88%) from the EBRD, Intesa Sanpaolo increases its majority ownership stake in Privredna banka Zagreb d.d. to 97.47%.
In July 2015, Privredna banka Zagreb d.d. took over the majority share package of Intesa Sanpaolo Banka d.d. Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in 2017 takes over 51% of the share capital of Bank Intesa Sanpaolo d.d. in Slovenia (former Banka Koper d.d.).
In 2018, Privredna banka Zagreb d.d. took over and merged Veneto banka d.d.
In 2022, PBZ stambena štedionica was merged with its parent bank Privredna banka Zagreb d.d.

Prizes and awards

 Euromoney Awards for excellence 2021 – award for the best bank in Croatia
 Global Finance Award 2021 – award for the best bank in Croatia
 "Golden Kuna" of the Croatian Chamber of Commerce - the most prestigious domestic award
 Certificate Best employer in 2021 in accordance with the criteria of the ISF standard and employee respect - "ISF white standard Employee respect"
 Employer partner certificate awarded by Selectio Solutions d.o.o.
 People's Voice Award 2021 – one of the categories of the Best Employer brand Awards Adria
 Friend of students certificate - awarded by the eSTUDENT student association
 Global Finance Award 2022 – award for the best bank in Croatia
 Woman's Choice Award – award for the best bank in Croatia
 Best employer certificate for 2022 - in accordance with the ISF white© Employee standard
 Employer partner certificate for 2022 - awarded by the company Selectio Solutions d.o.o.
 Best Employer Brand Awards 2022 in the Banking sector category
 The Golden Index in the Scholarships category is awarded by the eSTUDENT association

PBZ in numbers

1.99 million clients
1.87 million current accounts
HRK 199.7 billion of client funds
715 thousand internet banking users
232 branches
1055 ATMs
151 day-night vaults
2.84 million issued cards
3381 employees

External links

Banks established in 1966
Banks based in Zagreb
Companies listed on the Zagreb Stock Exchange
1966 establishments in Croatia


P572 is a Canadian independent record label founded in 2004 in Quebec City by Sam Murdock and Sébastien Leduc.

To date, the label has released more than a hundred albums, including The Singularity, Phase I of Thisquietarmy (Eric Quach) and Away (Michel Langevin), Songs for Harmonium and Drum Machine by Darren Hayman, UK recording artist, 2 books and many fanzines. In 2015, the label celebrated its eleventh anniversary by releasing a compilation album. By the late 2010s, the label was shifting to releasing more vinyl, which required them to seek international pressing plants to meet their demand.

Artist roster

(Swedish) Death Polka
Alaclair Ensemble
Arlequin
Arthur Comeau
Black Taboo
Build a Friend
Christian Choquette
Darren Hayman
Docteur Culotte
Don Matsuo
Essertez
Fabien Cloutier
Fourche
Jane Ehrhardt
Les Goules
Headache24
Honey Pine Dresser
HotKid
Hubert Lenoir
Joël Martel et les pépites d’or
Juste Robert
Keith Kouna
Lesbo Vrouven
L'orchestre d'hommes-orchestre
Mathématique
Millimetrik
Oromocto Diamond
Gab Paquet
Princess & Murdock
Quezillacolt45
Rotting Ebitan
Second Hand Virgin
Thisquietarmy X Away
Uberko
VICE & V.I. STREET
Dany Vohl
Zoobombs

See also

 List of Record Labels

References

External links
 P572 Official Website
 P572 on Facebook

Record labels established in 2004
Canadian independent record labels
Indie rock record labels
Companies based in Quebec City


Daliang Subdistrict () is a subdistrict in Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong, China, located to the east of Shunde City. It is the seat of the Shunde municipal government. It has a resident population of 310,000 with its total area of .

See also
 Qing Hui Yuan
Double skin milk

References

External links

Official site of Daliang Government (Chinese Version)

Shunde District
Township-level divisions of Guangdong
Subdistricts of the People's Republic of China


"She Loves Everybody" is a song by the band Chester French. It is the first single from their debut album Love the Future.

The single was released as an EP and featured packaging in the style of a condom wrapper, due to the themes considered in the eponymous song, in particular referencing the lyric, "she craves affection, so I use protection." The duo followed up the release up by participating in MTV's GYT (Get Yourself Tested) campaign.

Track listing
"She Loves Everybody" - 4:00
"She Loves Everybody (The Neptunes Remix)" - 3:45
"She Loves Everybody (Steve Aoki Remix)" - 3:57
"Wurlitzer Interlude" - 0:37
"Jimmy Choos" - 3:15
"Jimmy Choos (El-P Remix)" - 3:34

Charts

References

2008 songs
2009 singles
Music videos directed by Paul Hunter (director)
Chester French songs
Interscope Records singles
Futurepop songs
Neo-psychedelia songs


XIII Turkmenistan President’s Cup (2007)

Matches played at Nisa Stadium and Olympic Stadium, Ashgabat.

NB: From the Group A, the winners proceed to the final, the runners-up to the third place match. The winners of Group B and C play each other for the spot in the final. The losers play for the third place.

Group A

Group B

NB: The final places were drawn.

Group C

Play-off for the Final

Third-place play-off

Final

The 2007 Turkmenistan President’s Cup Final was played at Olympic Stadium, Ashgabat.

2007
President's Cup
2006–07 in Ukrainian football
2006–07 in Iranian football
2007 in Armenian football
2007 in Kazakhstani football
2007 in Thai football
2006–07 in Turkish football
2007 in Tajikistani football


Mary Stewart, Countess of Arran (13 May 1453 – May 1488) was the eldest daughter of King James II of Scotland and Mary of Guelders. King James III of Scotland was her eldest brother. She married twice: firstly, to Thomas Boyd, 1st Earl of Arran; secondly, to James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton. It was through her children by her second husband that the Hamilton earls of Arran and the Stewart earls of Lennox derived their claim to the Kingdom of Scotland.

Family
Mary was born at Stirling Castle on 13 May 1453, the eldest daughter of James II of Scotland and Mary of Guelders. She had five siblings, including James III, who ascended the Scottish throne in 1460 upon their father's accidental death by an exploding cannon. Mary's mother died in 1463, leaving her an orphan at the age of ten.

Marriages and issue
Mary was married to her first husband, Thomas Boyd, Earl of Arran, when she was thirteen years old, before 26 April 1467. The Isle of Arran was given as her dowry upon her marriage. Law Castle in North Ayrshire was built for the couple. In 1467, Mary's husband Thomas was sent to Denmark to escort King James III's bride, Margaret of Denmark. During his absence, Mary's brother, the King, became alienated from Mary's husband by the enemies of the Clan Boyd who brought false charges of treason against Thomas and his father, Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd. Mary, upon hearing that her husband was to be summoned before the king and Parliament to answer the charges, immediately went to the harbour of Leith when Thomas' ship docked in July, to forewarn him. Mary and Thomas then promptly sailed to Denmark. On 22 November 1469, Mary's husband was attainted, and his title, honours, and estates were forfeited to the crown. She later returned to Scotland in an attempt to have her husband cleared of all charges laid against him. Upon her arrival in Scotland, her brother James detained her in custody at Dean Castle in Kilmarnock, until her marriage was annulled. Mary's marriage to Thomas was then declared void in 1473, and she was forced to marry James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton.

Thomas and Mary together had two children:
 Lady Margaret Boyd (1468–1533), married, firstly, Alexander Forbes, 4th Lord Forbes; secondly, Sir David Kennedy, 1st Earl of Cassilis.
 James Boyd, 2nd Lord Boyd of Kilmarnock (1469–1484), died unmarried.
In early 1474, Mary married, as her second husband, James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton, who was almost forty years her senior. They received a papal dispensation on 26 April 1476 thus legitimising the two children already born to them. Together James and Mary had three children:
 Hon. Elizabeth Hamilton (died after April 1531), married, on 9 April 1494, Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox, by whom she had issue. The Stewarts of Lennox, of whom Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, was the most notable, who derived his claim to the Scottish throne from Elizabeth's son John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox.
 James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran (1475–1529), married, firstly, in 1490, Elizabeth Home by whom he had two daughters; he divorced Elizabeth in 1504. He married, secondly, in 1516, Janet Bethune, daughter of Sir David Bethune, 1st of Creich and Janet Duddlingston, by whom he had three children including his heir, James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault, 2nd Earl of Arran (c. 1516 – 22 January 1575), heir presumptive to the Kingdom of Scotland (2 July 1536 – 22 May 1540), (April 1541– 8 December 1542), (14 December 1542 – 19 June 1566), and (29 July 1567 – 22 January 1575); Regent of Scotland (1542–1554).
 Robert Hamilton, Seigneur d'Aubigny (21 March 1476 – 1543). He was born at Brodick Castle, Isle of Arran, Scotland. He died in 1543 in Torrence, Lanarkshire, Scotland, when he was 66 years old. According to some records, he married (Elizabeth?) Campbell, the daughter of Campbell (Goodman) of Glaister, or Glacester (Angus), the niece of the Sheriff of Ayr (the latter of whom also had connection to the earls of Lennox). They had at least two (claimed) children: Janet Hamilton, born in 1500, who wed Alexander Burnet, 4th Baron & 9th Laird of Leys; and Matthew Hamilton, born in 1512, who wed Jean Muirhead of Torrence.
Mary's son by her first husband Thomas, James Boyd, 2nd Lord Boyd of Kilmarnock, was killed at the age of fifteen by Lord Montgomerie, which ignited a feud that lasted for over seventy years. Lady Margaret Boyd, her daughter by Thomas, lived to the age of forty-eight. Although she was married twice, neither marriage produced children.

Mary died in 1488 at the age of thirty-five.

Due to their proximity to the throne, Mary's descendants, the Hamiltons of Arran and the Stewarts of Lennox, would obtain considerable power, and play conspicuous roles in 16th-century Scottish politics; especially affecting the life and reign of Mary, Queen of Scots, the great-granddaughter of her brother, James III.

References

Mary Stewart, Countess of Arran
Mary Stewart, Countess of Arran
Mary
Mary Stewart, Countess of Arran
Arran
Hamilton
15th-century Scottish women
15th-century Scottish people
Daughters of kings