International Music Summit (IMS) is a 3-day electronic dance music (EDM) conference that takes place in Ibiza. It is described by founder Pete Tong as "an intense networking environment with the glamour and glitz of my favorite party island of Ibiza, but with a Back to Business ethos and leading into the official Ibiza opening party weekend". The conference is seen as a direct competitor to Miami's Winter Music Conference.

History
The first International Music Summit took place in 2008 and was open to 300 delegates.  In 2009 the number of delegate badges available was increased to 400, and saw the addition exhibition space for 30 companies.

DJs and producers who attended the 2008 summit included Leftfield's Neil Barnes, Layo & Bushwacka!, François K, Beyond the Wizard's Sleeve's Richard Norris, Robbie Rivera, Lemon Jelly's Fred Deakin, Rob da Bank and Tom Middleton.

The 2009 event is set to be attended by managers/agents of artists, DJs and producers including Simian Mobile Disco, Underworld, Mark Ronson, Little Boots, Charlie May, Paul Oakenfold, Röyksopp, Moby, Carl Cox and Mylo, as well as representatives of events/clubs such as Creamfields, Bestival and Pacha.  There will also be a keynote speech by Canadian electronic musician Richie Hawtin.

The 2011 event included a Speed Pitching event with George Ergatoudis, the BBC Radio One head of music and the grand finale was closing party on the Baluarte De Santa Lucia in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Dalt Vila in Eivissa town featuring sets from Pete Tong, Dubfire, Jason Bentley and 2manydjs.

Conferences in 2020 and 2021 were unable to take place due to the Coronavirus pandemic. 2022 will be the first time the event is hosted at Pacha's Destino Ibiza resort hotel.

In February 2023, it was announced the US-owned online music store, Beatport had acquired a majority stake in the International Music Summit.

Anthems
2008 Tom Middleton - "Remember the Love"
Remix by Wayne from Soul Avengerz
2009 Dirty Vegas - "Tonight"
Remix by Jono Grant from Above & Beyond

Industry reports
The 2014 business report by the International Music Summit, estimated the EDM industry market worth $6.2 billion a year.

See also

List of electronic music festivals
Live electronic music
Music industry
Dance music

References

External links
 International Music Summit (IMS Ibiza) the event's official site
 Music Week "Tong fronts first International Music Summit"
 Internet DJ Interview with Pete Tong
 The Independent "Dance music is beating digital Darwinism law"

Music festivals established in 2008
Music conferences
Culture of Ibiza
Electronic music festivals in Spain
May events


Sir Nobonk and the Terrible Dreadful Awful Naughty Nasty Dragon (also known by the shorter title of Sir Nobonk and the... Dragon) is a 1982 comedy novel written by Spike Milligan, and the fourth picture book by Milligan after The Bald Twit Lion, Badjelly the Witch and Dip the Puppy.

Overview
The story of Sir Nobonk is a generic parody of traditional stories about knights and dragons, set within a medieval world with modern anachronisms for comic purposes (such as garden hoses for knights to wash out their armour).

Plot
The story takes place in the mythical Kingdom of Rotten Custard, a kingdom that exists within Cornwall, where knights are constantly at war with the Dragons. Among the knights is a 60-year-old knight named Sir Nobonk, who becomes a dragon-catcher in order to save the dragons from extinction.

Setting forth into the nearby forest, Sir Nobonk successfully captures the last living dragon, and convinces the king to open a zoo to help dragons to repopulate. The plan becomes successful, and also helps humans and dragons to co-exist peacefully within the kingdom.

However, the prosperity of the kingdom invokes a giant named Blackmangle to attack the kingdom along with his servant Witch-Way, leaving it to Sir Nobonk to face the new foes and to save the kingdom.

Characters
Sir Nobonk - A 60-year-old knight-turned-dragon catcher
Big Bill - Sir Nobonk's strong but dimwitted groom
Little Willy - Nobonk's youngest (and most intelligent) groom
The Wizard of Nothing - An incredibly small dwarf Nobonk encounters whilst hunting for dragons
Blackmangle - An evil giant who rules over the neighbouring Kingdom of Dangle, who wishes to claim the tame dragons for himself
Witch Way - Blackmangle's servant, an evil witch
Daz - Nobonk's white stallion, who eats grass and chips
King Big-Twytt - Ruler of the Kingdom of Rotten Custard

References

Sources
Milligan, S. (1982) Sir Nobonk and the Terrible Dreadful Awful Naughty Nasty Dragon London: Book Club Associates

1982 British novels
Children's fantasy novels
British comedy novels
Novels by Spike Milligan
Michael Joseph books


Noraseela Mohd Khalid (born 27 September 1979) is a Malaysian athlete who specialises in the 400 metres hurdles. Her personal best is 56.02 seconds, achieved in June 2006 in Regensburg.

She won the bronze medal at the 2000 Asian Championships, finished sixth at the 2003 Summer Universiade, fourth at the 2003 Asian Championships, won the silver medal at the 2005 Asian Championships, finished sixth at the 2006 Commonwealth Games and won the bronze medal at the 2006 Asian Games. She also competed at the World Championships in 2001 and 2005 without reaching the final.

Achievements

References

External links

Malaysian female hurdlers
Malaysian people of Malay descent
1979 births
Living people
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Malaysia
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Asian Games
Asian Games bronze medalists for Malaysia
SEA Games medalists in athletics
SEA Games gold medalists for Malaysia
SEA Games silver medalists for Malaysia
SEA Games bronze medalists for Malaysia
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games
Competitors at the 1999 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2001 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2003 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2009 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2011 SEA Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for Malaysia


Clayton Maurice Beauford (born March 1, 1963) is a former professional American football player who played wide receiver in 1987 for the Cleveland Browns.  Beauford graduated from Palatka High School in Palatka, Florida in 1981.  He played college football for Auburn University from 1981 to 1984.  In October 1982, he scored a touchdown on a 60-yard pass play against Georgia Tech.  In 1984, he was the subject of an investigation in which it was alleged that his high school records had been altered to allow him to attend Auburn on a football scholarship.  The principal, assistant principal, a masonry teacher and another person at the high school were later charged with official misconduct, filing false reports, or perjury in the matter.  Beauford was drafted in the tenth round by the Detroit Lions but spent the 1985 season on the injury list after sustaining a broken kneecap in the 1985 Senior Bowl.  He was released by the Lions in August 1986.  Beauford also played in the USFL for the Birmingham Stallions. In 1987, he played for the Cleveland Browns, appearing in only one game with a kick return of 22 yards.

References

External links
Pro-Football-Reference

1963 births
Living people
People from Palatka, Florida
Players of American football from Florida
American football wide receivers
Auburn Tigers football players
Cleveland Browns players


Luoxi Island () is an island in Luopu Subdistrict (), Panyu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China. It is located in the northeast of Nanpu Island to the south of Haizhu Island and to the west of Xiaoguwei Island. It is about  in area and connects to the Guangzhou urban area via the Luoxi Bridge (), Xinguang Bridge () and Panyu Bridge ().

Luoxi Bridge was the first toll road built in China, when Hong Kong tycoon Henry Fok invested into this bridge in his native Guangdong Province.

References

Panyu District
Islands of Guangzhou


Rental accessories and attachments are additional equipment that supports a larger piece of equipment. When dealing with heavy and specialized equipment, they are typically referred to as attachments. Others tend to be referred to  as accessories.

Types
Attachments or accessories can be mandatory, usually because they are essential to the smooth running of the machine, for example a rotary tool requires a point or attachment to function.

They may also be optional; for example, when renting a car, child safety seats are optional.

Many rental items have hidden or embedded accessories or attachments; for example, rental cars are typically  supplied with a full tank of fuel. Effectively the fuel tank is an embedded accessory.

Some accessories may be consumables, for example dust masks and sanding belts may accompany a floor sander. In this case, the consumables may be billed upfront, or may be supplied on a sale or return basis where the rental company charges based on the unused product returned.

Business advantages for rental companies
From the perspective of a rental company, the presence of attachments or accessories, particularly in the equipment and tool rental sectors, equipment that supports attachments means that fewer pieces of equipment are needed to support a wide variety of applications. This is likely to increase utilization and reduce cost.

In some parts of the rental industry, attachments and accessories are rented independently, so that an equipment owner can rent an attachment.

Swaps
Attachments may be swapped out or exchanged during a rental contract as site conditions or tasks require alternate attachments. Many attachments for large equipment can easily be replaced on site, while others require a specialist to perform the swap, or may require lifting equipment to allow the swap. This may be managed as a rental relocation or simply as a service order.

Charging and billing
Accessories or attachments may be billed separately or be included within the main piece of equipment.

From a utilization point of view, it should be possible to review both the utilization of an individual attachment, if they are also rented without their main equipment item, or as a subsection of the main item. If individual charges are applied to individual attachments or accessories then this will feed into the financial utilization of the attachment, but may also be regarded as part of the financial utilization of the main item.

References

Renting


Curtis Booth (12 October 1891 – 29 October 1949), sometimes known as Tommy Booth, was an English football player and manager. He played in the Football League for Newcastle United, Norwich City and Accrington Stanley, for Leeds City as a wartime guest and for Wallsend Elm Villa. After retiring as a player, Booth managed Accrington Stanley, Wormatia Worms, RC Paris and coached in Germany, Turkey and the Netherlands.

Personal life
Booth enlisted in the British Army in December 1915 to fight in the First World War. He served as a private in the Durham Light Infantry and saw action on the Somme and at the Third Ypres. Booth was wounded in action at Villers-Bretonneux in August 1918 and was demobilized in August 1919.

Career statistics

References

External links
Biography

1891 births
1949 deaths
Footballers from Gateshead
Men's association football inside forwards
English men's footballers
Newcastle United F.C. players
Norwich City F.C. players
Accrington Stanley F.C. (1891) players
Leeds City F.C. wartime guest players
English football managers
Accrington Stanley F.C. (1891) managers
Wormatia Worms managers
Racing Club de France Football managers
Durham Light Infantry soldiers
British Army personnel of World War I
English expatriate football managers
English expatriate sportspeople in France
English expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Expatriate football managers in France
Expatriate football managers in the Netherlands
English expatriate sportspeople in Germany
English expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate football managers in Germany


Dmitri Vladimirovich Vrubel (; 14 July 1960 – 13 August 2022) was a Russian painter. He was best known for his East Side Gallery-painting My God, Help Me to Survive This Deadly Love, depicting the kissing communist leaders Leonid Brezhnev and Erich Honecker.

Vrubel was born in Moscow, Soviet Union. His surname is a russification of the common Polish surname Wróbel.

Early life
He was the only child of two engineers. He started painting at 15 and studied at the graphic art department of the Moscow State V.I. Lenin Pedagogical Institute.

Work
Vrubel's most famous work is the graffiti piece, painted on the Berlin Wall entitled My God, Help Me to Survive This Deadly Love which depicts the kissing communist leaders Leonid Brezhnev and Erich Honecker.

It was inspired by a photograph captured by photographer Regis Bossu depicting a socialist fraternal kiss between the leaders Leonid Brezhnev and Erich Honecker in 1979, during a celebration of the 30 years of the GDR.

In 2009, the painting was removed by the authorities as part of a cleaning effort in order to have it repainted by Vrubel.

Other works
In 2001, he and his wife, Viktoria Timofeyeva, created a large format calendar containing portraits of Russian President Vladimir Putin called "The 12 moods of Putin". Each page of the calendar portrayed a different image of Putin and was an unexpected hit with the Moscow population.

Death
Vrubel died in Berlin from complications of COVID-19 on 14 August 2022, at the age of 62.

References

External links

1960 births
2022 deaths
Painters from Moscow
20th-century Russian painters
Russian male painters
21st-century Russian painters
Kandinsky Prize
20th-century Russian male artists
21st-century Russian male artists
Moscow State Pedagogical University alumni
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany


The second season of StarStruck, is a Philippine television reality talent competition show, was broadcast on GMA Network. Hosted by Dingdong Dantes with the StarStruck Kids host, Jolina Magdangal, it premiered on October 11, 2004. The council was composed of Joey de Leon, Christopher de Leon and Louie Ignacio. There were slight changes made in the Council, Joyce Bernal was replaced by  Louie Ignacio. The season ended with 96 episodes on February 20, 2005, having Mike Tan and Ryza Cenon as the Ultimate Survivors.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Overview
The second season of StarStruck was announced once again on GMA Network's variety program, SOP, where the hosts invited teenagers from 14 to 18 years old to audition for the upcoming season. Like its first season, much of the auditions were held at the GMA Network's headquarters and at SM Supermalls throughout the Philippines.

The show primer aired the untold secrets of the first season's final fourteen the life they had before and after StarStruck, and the changes StarStruck made into their lives.

The pilot episode was aired on October 11, 2004. With a new set of survivors and more rigid tests. The same rules were applied in selecting the Ultimate Survivors. StarStruck is shown only weekdays having Mondays to Thursdays will be tests and Fridays would be the elimination night. The show held its the Final Judgment on February 20, 2005 at the Araneta Coliseum.

Selection process
In the second year of the reality-talent search, Out of thousands who auditioned nationwide, only the Top 100 was chosen for the first cut. From the Top 100, it was trimmed down to the Top 60, then from the Top 60 to the Top 30, and from the Top 30 to the final fourteen finalists.

The Final 14 underwent various workshops and training in order to develop their personalities, talents, and charisma. But, the twist is that every week, one or two hopefuls from the final fourteen may have to say goodbye until only four remain. Those who were eliminated were dubbed as StarStruck Avengers.

The Final 4 will vie for the coveted the Ultimate Survivors titles, the Ultimate Male Survivor and the Ultimate Female Survivor, both of them will received P1,000,000 pesos each plus and an exclusive management contract from GMA Network.

The Runners-up, both of them will received P250,000 each plus and an exclusive management contract from the network.  The StarStruck Avengers (the losing contestants) also received an exclusive contract from the network.

Hopefuls
When the Final 14 was chosen, they are assigned to different challenges every week that will hone their acting, singing, and dancing abilities. Every Friday, one is meant to leave the competition until there were just six others who are left. From survivor six, there will be two of them who will be eliminated and after the elimination of the two; the final four will be revealed.

The Final 4 will be battling with each other on the Final Judgment. People will choose who they want to win the competition by online voting and text voting. 30% of the result will come from the online and text votes and the remaining 70% is from the council.

Avengers Strike's Back Twist
This season was the first occurrence where a former eliminated contestant returned to the competition which was named The Avengers Strike's Back. The avengers competing with the remaining survivors are Jelaine Santos, Kevin Santos, Ailyn Luna, Ken Punzalan, Ana David, Chris Martin, Krizzy Jareño and CJ Muere.

Survivor Six Twist
CJ Muere was eliminated on December 24, 2004. But because of the Strike's Back, Benj Pacia was later replaced by him and returned to the contest through a major twist wherein an avengers will be given the chance to re-enter the contest by emerging with at least fourth-best in cumulative scores among the Survivor Six now consists of LJ Reyes, Megan Young, Ryza Cenon, Benj Pacia, Kirby de Jesus and Mike Tan.

CJ Muere emerged in the survivor six, and was reinstated while Benj Pacia was eliminated. Some viewers did not like this twist for it undermined the rules and regulations of the show. Although, the fans of CJ Muere and welcomed his return to the competition and proved to be worthy to be part of the elite final four. CJ Muere also got the highest Jollibee votes, thus he starred in a Jollibee Commercial.

Color key:

Weekly Artista Tests
Color key:

Week 1: The official Final 14 hopefuls have been chosen.

Eliminated Contestant: None

Week 2: The Final 14 hopefuls, are still complete.

Week 3: The Final 13 hopefuls.

Week 4: The Final 12 hopefuls.

Week 5: The Final 11 hopefuls.

Week 6: The Final 10 hopefuls.

Eliminated Contestant: None

Week 7: The Final 10 hopefuls.

Eliminated Contestant: None

Week 8: The Final 10 hopefuls, on Monday elimination night.

Week 8: The Final 9 hopefuls, on Friday elimination night.

Week 9: The Final 8 hopefuls

Week 10: The Final 7 hopefuls.

Pre-Recognation Awardee Contestant: Not Awarded

Week 11: The Survivor 6 hopefuls.

Pre-Recognation Awardee Contestant: None
Eliminated Contestant: None

Week 12: The First week of The Avengers Strike's Back Twist.

Pre-Recognation Awardee Contestant: None
Eliminated Contestant: None

Avengers Strike's Back Twist

Week 13: The Second week of The Avengers Strike's Back Twist.

Pre-Recognation Awardee Contestant: Not Awarded

Survivor 6 Hopefuls

Avengers Strike's Back Twist

Survivor 6 Twist

Week 14: The Survivor 6 hopefuls.

Pre-Recognation Awardee Contestant: Not Awarded

Week 15: The Survivor 6 hopefuls, The official Final 4 hopefuls have been chosen.

Pre-Recognation Awardee Contestant: Not Awarded

Week 16-17: The Final 4 Homecoming

Week 18: The Final Judgment, the Ultimate Survivors have been proclaimed.

Final Judgment
The winner was announced on a two-hour TV special dubbed as StarStruck: The Final Judgment was held live on February 20, 2005 at the Araneta Coliseum again, the venue was jam-packed of an estimated 12,000 inside and 3,000 outside fans.

The opening dance number, together with season's avengers, and they were joined by this final four and the graduates from the previous season. Hosted by Dingdong Dantes and Jolina Magdangal with the guest co-hosting on the event Raymond Gutierrez. The council was formed with Joey de Leon (dubbed as the Entertainment Guru), Christopher de Leon (multi-awarded actor), and Louie Ignacio (director) representing it.

The final four then performs their solo performances. The female survivors, LJ Reyes with Rainier Castillo from a dance number by a song of Aryanna’s Bop It performs a dance number with the Abstract dancers and Kids@Work, Ryza Cenon with Mark Herras a dance number by a song of Master P featuring Weebie Krazy’s  Rock It performs a dance number with the Abstract dancers and Kids@Work and together with the Manoeuvres. Next the male survivors, CJ Muere with Yasmien Kurdi a dance number by a song of ?’s ? performs a dance number with the Abstract dancers and Kids@Work and Mike Tan with Jennylyn Mercado a dance number by a song of ?’s ? performs a dance number with the Abstract dancers and Kids@Work.

The avengers’ performance came in next, in a song and dance medley detailing the journey of the survivors from the audition process, the four International contenders and the elimination of the tenth avengers for a sing and dance number.

Announcement come, Ryza Cenon of Gapan, Nueva Ecija with a score of 92.34% is the Ultimate Female Survivor and Mike Tan of Angono, Rizal with a score of 90.58%  is the Ultimate Male Survivor were proclaimed as the Ultimate Survivors, each of them received P1,000,000 pesos each plus and an exclusive management contract from GMA Network.

While, LJ Reyes of Quezon City with a score of 89.99% and CJ Muere of San Pablo, Laguna with a score of 88.96% were proclaimed as the Runners-up, each of them received P250,000 pesos each plus and an exclusive management contract from the network. The  StarStruck Avengers (the losing contestants) also received an exclusive contract from the network. The Final Judgment gained 37.2% in ratings.

Film Assignment
For their first Film Assignment, the final four Mike Tan, Ryza Cenon, CJ Muere and LJ Reyes with the avenger Kirby de Jesus for upcoming cast of the Philippine romantic comedy film, Lovestruck Dream. Believe. Fall In Love! directed by Louie Ignacio.
They co-starred with Jolina Magdangal and the StarStruck alumna Mark Herras, Jennylyn Mercado, Rainier Castillo and Yasmien Kurdi.

Signature dances
There are signature dances and songs made in each batch.
With this batch, their signature dances and songs are:
Chocolatte
El Biro-Biro
Don't You Just Know It
Follow The Leader
Bop It
Rock It

Elimination chart
Color key:

Notes

 It was a non-elimination week. The bottom group are Ailyn Luna, Ken Punzalan and Kevin Santos was safe for the elimination on October 22, 2004.
 It was a non-elimination week. The bottom group are Ana David, CJ Muere and Krizzy Jareño was safe for the elimination on November 26, 2004.
 It was a non-elimination week. The bottom group are Ana David, Benj Pacia and Kirby de Jesus was safe for the elimination on December 3, 2004.
 It was a non-elimination week. The bottom group are Kirby de Jesus, Ryza Cenon and Mike Tan was safe for the elimination on December 31, 2004.
 The avengers strikes back: Jelaine Santos, Kevin Santos, Ailyn Luna, Ken Punzalan, Ana David, Chris Martin, Krizzy Jareño. CJ Muere was eliminated on December 24, 2004. But because of the strike back, Benj Pacia was later replaced by him and returned to the contest through a major twist wherein an avenger (a losing contestant) will be given the chance to re-enter the contest by emerging with at least fourth-best in cumulative scores among the survivor six.
 CJ Muere emerged in the final four, and was reinstated while Benj Pacia was eliminated.
 It was a non-elimination week. The bottom group are the remaining survivor six, was safe for the elimination on January 21, 2005.
 the final four was chosen on January 28, 2005. And the last avengers are Megan Young and Kirby de Jesus. The first called to eliminated is Megan Young and the second called is Kirby de Jesus.
 In the final judgment night, Mike Tan and Ryza Cenon were proclaimed as the Ultimate Survivors.

External links

StarStruck (Philippine TV series)
2004 Philippine television seasons
2005 Philippine television seasons


Futebol Clube do Porto is a Portuguese sports club founded in 1893 in Porto. Its association football team played its first competitive matches in 1911, when it took part and won the first edition of the José Monteiro da Costa Cup. Two years later, the club began competing in the Campeonato do Porto, a regional championship organised by the Porto Football Association. In 1921–22, Porto won the inaugural Campeonato de Portugal, a nationwide competition to determine the Portuguese champions from among the winners of the different regional championships.

The Primeira Liga was established in 1934–35 as an experimental nationwide competition played in a league format, and was contested in parallel with the Campeonato de Portugal. Porto were its first winners and repeated the triumph in 1938–39, when it became the official top-tier championship in place of the Campeonato de Portugal, which was converted into the Taça de Portugal. Porto is one of three clubs, together with Benfica and Sporting CP, to have never been relegated from the Primeira Liga since its establishment. Between 1940 and 1978, Porto endured the darkest period of its league history, during which they collected only two titles (1955–56 and 1958–59), and recorded an all-time low ninth place (1969–70). Since incumbent president Jorge Nuno Pinto da Costa took office in 1982, Porto have experienced routine league success, winning the competition 23 times in 40 seasons – five of them in succession (1995–1999), a record in Portuguese football. They achieved their first league and cup double in 1956, and have repeated it eight more times (1988, 1998, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2020, 2022).

Porto's debut in international competitions took place in 1956–57, when they competed in the second edition of the European Cup. They reached their first European final in 1984, losing the Cup Winners' Cup to Juventus, and won their first European silverware three years later, beating Bayern Munich in the 1987 European Cup Final. The following season, Porto collected the European Super Cup and Intercontinental Cup trophies. In 2003, they won the UEFA Cup for the first time, becoming the only Portuguese team to have won any of these three international trophies.

As of the 2022–23 season, Porto have won 84 major honours, which include 30 Primeira Liga, 19 Taça de Portugal, 1 Taça da Liga, 23 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, 4 Campeonato de Portugal, 2 European Cup/UEFA Champions League, 2 UEFA Cup/Europa League, 1 UEFA Super Cup, and 2 Intercontinental Cup.
This list details the club's competitive performance and achievements for each season since 1911, and provides statistics and top scorers for domestic (regional and national) championships.

Key

Table headers
Pos = Final position
Pld = Matches played
W = Matches won
D = Matches drawn
L = Matches lost
GF = Goals for
GA = Goals against
Pts = Points

Divisions
Reg = Regional championship (Campeonato do Porto)
Prim = Primeira Liga / Primeira Divisão (1st tier)

Top scorers

Results and rounds
  or   =  Champion or Winner
  or  = Runner-up
 GS / GS2 = Group stage / Second group stage
 PO = Play-offs
 PR = Preliminary round
 Q3 = Third qualifying round
 QF = Quarter-finals
 R16 / R32 / R64 = Round of 16, 32 and 64
 R1 / R2 / R3 / R4 = First, second, third and fourth round
 SF = Semi-finals

Seasons
This list is updated as of 4 June 2023. Ongoing competitions or player statistics are shown in italics.

Notes

References

Seasons

Porto


Jürg Laederach (20 December 1945 – 19 March 2018) was a Swiss writer.

Jürg Laederach was an author of experimental prose as well as plays and radio plays. He has also distinguished himself as a translator from English and French.

Awards
 1997 Austrian State Prize for European Literature
 2005 Italo Svevo Award

Works
 Einfall der Dämmerung, Frankfurt am Main 1974
 Im Verlauf einer langen Erinnerung, Frankfurt am Main 1977
 Das ganze Leben, Frankfurt am Main 1978
 Die Lehrerin verspricht der Negerin wärmere Tränen, Frankfurt am Main 1978
 Ein milder Winter, Frankfurt am Main 1978
 Wittgenstein in Graz, Frankfurt am Main 1979
 Das Buch der Klagen, Frankfurt am Main 1980
 Fahles Ende kleiner Begierden, Frankfurt am Main 1981
 Proper operation, Frankfurt am Main 1981
 69 Arten den Blues zu spielen, Frankfurt am Main 1984
 Tod eines Kellners, Frankfurt am Main 1984 (with Andres Müry)
 Flugelmeyers Wahn, Frankfurt am Main 1986
 Körper brennen, Graz 1986 (with Andres Müry)
 Sigmund oder Der Herr der Seelen tötet seine, Frankfurt am Main 1986
 Vor Schrecken starr, Frankfurt am Main 1988
 Der zweite Sinn oder Unsentimentale Reise durch ein Feld Literatur, Frankfurt am Main 1988
 China, Frankfurt am Main 1990
 Emanuel, Frankfurt am Main 1990
 Passion, Frankfurt am Main 1993
 Eccentric, Kunst und Leben, Frankfurt am Main 1994
 Schattenmänner, Frankfurt am Main 1994
 Über Robert Walser, Salzburg u.a. 1997 (with William H. Gass)
 Portrait, Baden/Schweiz 1998 (with Felix von Muralt)
 In Hackensack, Basel u.a. 2003

Editor
 Adolf Wölfli: "0 Grad 0/000! Entbrantt von Liebes,=Flammen", Frankfurt am Main 1996

Sources
 Dariusz Komorowski: Bewegungsästhetik in den Romanen von Jürg Laederach, Würzburg 2002.

References

External links

 Jürg Laederach – Editor

1945 births
2018 deaths
Swiss male novelists
20th-century Swiss novelists
21st-century Swiss novelists
20th-century male writers
21st-century male writers
Writers from Basel-Stadt


Barbara Gruber (born 15 December 1977)  is a German ski mountaineer and mountain biker.

Gruber was born in Bad Reichenhall. Like her parents and siblings, she passed the framer training. She started with sports after the birth of her son Johannes, at first with mountain biking. She became a member of the German ski mountaineering team and has been a member of the international Dynafit team since 2005. Together with her husband Herbert she lives near Weißbach bei Lofer.

Selected results

Ski mountaineering
 2004:
 1st, Mountain Attack race
 2005:
 1st, German Championship single
 1st, Mountain Attack race
 2nd, European Cup team (together with Judith Graßl)
 3rd, European Championship vertical race
 3rd, European Championship team race (together with Judith Graßl)
 3rd, European Championship relay race (together with Judith Graßl and Silvia Treimer)
 7th, World Cup team (together with Judith Graßl)
 2006:
 1st, German Championship single
 1st, Mountain Attack race
 4th, World Championship relay race (together with Judith Graßl, Silvia Treimer and Stefanie Koch)
 8th, World Championship vertical race
 2007:
 1st, German Championship vertical race
 2nd, Mountain Attack race
 4th, European Championship vertical race
 2008:
 1st, German Championship single
 1st, German Championship vertical race
 1st, Mountain Attack race
 1st, Hochgrat ski rallye
 2009:
 1st, German Championship vertical race
 2010:
 1st, Mountain Attack tour
 2nd, Sellaronda Skimarathon, together with Judith Graßl
 2011:
 1st, Champ Or Cramp
 2nd, Sellaronda Skimarathon, together with Patrizia Wacker
 2012:
 8th, European Championship single
 10th, European Championship vertical race
 1st, Sellaronda Skimarathon, together with Judith Graßl
 1st, Hochgrat ski rallye

Mountain biking
 2007:
 1st, "Glocknerkönig light" race
 1st, "Hochsteintrophy"
 1st, St.Veit mountain race team
 1st, Heutal mountain single time race
 1st, Bike Festival Kaprun
 1st, "Saalachtaltrophy"

References

External links
 Barbara Gruber at skimountaineering.com
 Interview Barbara Gruber (German), M2b-Redaktion,  February 24, 2006.

1977 births
Living people
German female ski mountaineers
People from Bad Reichenhall
Skiers from Upper Bavaria


The Biblioteca Casanatense is a large historic library in Rome, Italy, named in honour of Cardinal Girolamo Casanate (1620–1700) whose private library is at its roots.

History
The library was established in 1701 by Antonin Cloche, the Master of the Dominicans, at their Convent of Santa Maria sopra Minerva in Rome to house the library left to them by Casanate, containing about 25,000 volumes. Casanate also left an endowment of 80,000 scudi to provide for the administration of the trust and for the acquisition of new books but not for a building. This was erected using a previous inheritance of 1655 of the library of Giambattista Castellani, chief physician of Gregory XV, together with 12,000 scudi for building a suitable edifice. One of the notable 18th century bibliographers of the library was Giovanni Battista Audiffredi.

According to Casanate's will, the new library should be accessible to the public six hours daily, apart from feast-days. In addition to the library staff he provided for a college (theologi casanatenses) of six Dominicans with a doctor's degree of different nationalities (Italian, French, Spanish, German, English, Polish). Aided by the resources of the library, they were to devote themselves to the defence and propagation of Catholic doctrine. Moreover, two professors were to lecture regularly on texts St Thomas Aquinas, particularly his Summa Theologica.

In 1872, the library was nationalized, but the Dominicans were left in charge until 1884. It is now administered by the Ministry of Culture.

The entrance to the Casanatense is located at Via di Sant'Ignazio, 52.

Statue of Casanate

To honour his friend, Cloche had a statue of Cardinal Casanate made by his favourite sculptor Pierre Le Gros the Younger. Upon completion in 1708, it was placed on top of the staircase leading up from Santa Maria sopra Minerva at the library's old entrance. The original concept was that Casanate should greet the visitor on his way out of the library, ready to accompany him for a while to discuss what he learned with the help of his books.

As it soon became evident that more capacity was needed, the building was enlarged and the statue moved into its now much larger reading room by 1721. There, Casanate is framed by a noble wooden structure specifically constructed for that purpose by the Dominicans' architect Antonio Maria Borione and surmounted by the figure of St. Thomas Aquinas by the sculptor Bernardino Cametti.

What remains of the statue's original setting are mostly two putti above the niche in the staircase. As this is now outside the library's limits, it is only accessible via the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.

Collection

Today the Library's collection contains approximately 400,000 volumes, about 6,000 manuscripts and 2,200 incunabula.
An inscription records the formal permission of Clement XI to collect books by heretical authors.

The Casanatense still preserves 1125 manuscript volumes of opinions, reports, and statements (voti, relazioni, posizioni) concerning matters treated in the various Congregations to which Casanate belonged. His curial duties did not prevent him from taking an interest in letters and the sciences. He was on friendly terms and corresponded with the learned men of his day. Among those whom he encouraged most was Lorenzo Alessandro Zaccagni, whom he induced to publish a collection of materials for the ancient history of the Greek and Latin Churches, Collectanea monumentorum veterum Ecclesiæ græcæ et latinæ

Amongst the library's possessions are 64 Greek codices (15 of them the gift of Casanate), and 230 Hebrew texts (rolls and books), among which are 5 Samaritan codices. It holds medieval manuscripts, including biblical manuscripts (e.g. Minuscule 395). There is a total of 2036 (books printed before 1500).

There is also a large collection of Roman governmental proclamations (bandi, editti) from 1500 to 1870, and comedies of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

References

Attribution

Further reading
 Cavarra, A. A. ed. Biblioteca Casanatense, Roma. Guida breve, Firenze, Nardini, 2005.
 De Gregorio, V. La Biblioteca Casanatense di Roma, Napoli 1993
 De Gregorio, V. Casanatense e dintorni..., Napoli 1997.
 Moricca Caputo, A. Catalogo dei manoscritti della Biblioteca Casanatense, Roma, 1949
 Panetta, M. La "libraria" di Mattia Casanate, Roma, Bulzoni, 1988

External links

 Biblioteca Casanatense official website
 Biblioteca Casanatense at the Fondazione Istituto Internazionale
 Direttori della Biblioteca Casanatense di Roma

Libraries in Rome
Libraries established in 1701
Rome R. IX Pigna
1701 establishments in the Papal States
1701 establishments in Italy


Allen Wayne Lewellen (February 16, 1944 – March 27, 2009) was an American film distribution executive and producer for Paramount Pictures.

A native Texan, Lewellen began his career in 1965, aged 21, at Warner Bros.' Dallas branch. He began heading the distribution unit for the studio's motion picture group in 1986 and added foreign distribution to his duties in 1993.

During his tenure, he was responsible for distributing such films as Forrest Gump, Titanic, Top Gun, Fatal Attraction, Beverly Hills Cop and the Star Trek film series.  Lewellen left the studio at the end of 2005, after reportedly having been forced out by film executive Brad Grey.

Death
Lewellen died on March 27, 2009, aged 65, following a short battle with cancer at his home in Westlake Village, California. He was survived by his wife, Rosemary Lewellen; three sons, six grandchildren, one brother (Jesse Lewellyn) and two sisters (Addie Ruth Lewellen-Poteet, Betty Lewellen-Hill).

References

External links
 Tribute to Wayne Lewellen
 Hollywood Reporter
 Variety obit

1944 births
2009 deaths
Film producers from California
American people of Welsh descent
Film distributors (people)
Deaths from cancer in California
Mass media people from Dallas
People from Westlake Village, California
Place of birth missing
Film producers from Texas


The Premises Studios is a music studio complex based near Haggerston in Hackney, London. The studio complex contains 10 commercial rehearsal studio spaces, one acoustic recording studio, one mixing studio, and various private long-let rooms and office spaces.

History
Originally housed across two Victorian terrace houses at 201–203 Hackney Road, London, the studios were opened in 1986 by two local jazz musicians, Dill Katz and Colin Dudman, as a cost-effective alternative to London's more established music studios.

The buildings themselves are said to have a somewhat illicit history, prior to the music studios taking residence, with one building "reputed to be a rendezvous for illicit trysts between Lord Hamilton and Lady Hamilton" and another of the terraces said to have been a club run by notorious East End gangsters the Kray brothers.

After a difficult financial period the studios were forced to declare insolvency in 1996 and the business was bought by current owner and CEO, Viv Broughton. Broughton is a published author and gospel music historian (he had a gospel column in The Voice, which newspaper he helped to launch) and was one of the early members of The Pretty Things.

At this time The Premises Music Education Programme was established as a music-based charity, which ran a New Deal work programme and still provides workshops and courses throughout the year, often in partnership with like-minded non-for-profit organisations.

In 1998 the charity purchased the freehold of neighbouring properties and secured the future of the studios in their current location at 205–209 Hackney Road, although the original 201–203 Hackney Road studios have remained within the greater complex as long let studio spaces. Upon expansion the original buildings were demolished to make way for a bespoke new building with studios and offices over three floors. In May 2010, the arrangement between The Premises Studios Ltd and Full Frequency Ltd, the lease holders for 201–203 buildings, was dissolved. The Premises Studios business operates only in 205–209 Hackney Road.

In 2007, The Premises Studios finished work on a large acoustic recording space. This was the first solar-powered recording studio in the United Kingdom and believed to be the first in Europe.

In 2010 Hackney Council controversially ordered the removal a landmark piece of street art from the wall of The Premises, a 12-foot rabbit painted the previous year by graffiti artist ROA, with the studio's consent. Following a campaign, the council reviewed the case and "decided not to take action because the rabbit had been in situ for some time and had not provoked complaints".

Environmental/political involvement
On 7 June 2007, lead singer of Razorlight, Johnny Borrell recorded a song for Friends of the Earth as part of the Big Ask Campaign in the new solar-powered studio. The Big Ask was a widely publicised political campaign designed to lobby government to introduce a climate change law which committed the UK to cutting its carbon dioxide emissions by at least three per cent every year.

Later in 2007, The Premises joined Friends of the Earth and various lobbying bodies to further establish the 10:10 movement, a business group advocating the cut of carbon emissions by 10% by 2010.

In April 2008, The Premises Studios once again joined Friends of the Earth and the Renewable Energy Association to continue to lobby Government, calling for a financial reward for homes and businesses that generate their own clean renewable energy. The Energy Bill was amended in part as a result of this campaign, which had the support of recording artist Lily Allen.

On 5 October 2010, The Premises received the Audio Pro International Award for Most Original Studio Initiative for its solar-powered recording studio.

In June 2011, The Premises won the Best Green Business Award at the annual MusicWeek Awards. This was the first time the award featured at the Music Week Awards.

Artists who have recorded and rehearsed at the studios
The studios have been used by musicians such as Nina Simone, Arctic Monkeys, Dave Brubeck, Billy Cobham, Nick Cave, Amy Winehouse, Jamie Cullum, Al Green, Franz Ferdinand, Charlotte Church, Hot Chip, Babyshambles, Simian Mobile Disco, Oysterband, Taj Mahal, The Magic Numbers, The Infadels, Peaches, Klaxons, London Community Gospel Choir, Lady Sovereign, and many more touring and recording artists.

The Premises Café

The Premises Café is the studios' café restaurant, placed at the front of the complex in Hackney, and is also open to the general public.

In the early days of the studios being based at 201–203 Hackney Road, a mixture of studio staff and musicians staffed the café. Broughton said of this: "Musicians understand musicians. Musicians aren’t so good at running the café side of things – in fact, when I let them do it they always made a loss – but it makes complete sense for the studios." The Café business is now owned and operated as a family business, and services the studios as well as the general public.

In April 2007, The Premises Café was awarded Best Turkish Restaurant in the Evening Standard′s annual restaurant competition. On 24 May 2009, it was featured in The Guardian newspaper's food feature "50 coolest places to eat".

The walls of the café are lined with signed photographs of famous studio clients.

Notes

External links
 Premises Studios Official
 Premises Myspace

Recording studios in London
Mass media companies established in 1986
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Hackney
Haggerston


Britain's Best Drives is a six-part 2009 British television series in which Richard Wilson travels across the UK in reviewing the best driving roads from a motoring guide of the 1950s. In each episode he drives a different car of the period. There was also a seventh episode where Wilson learns how to drive a manual transmission car again.

Episode list

DVD
This series is available on DVD, distributed by Acorn Media UK.

External links

2000s British documentary television series
2009 British television series debuts
2009 British television series endings
BBC television documentaries
British travel television series


The Ministry of Communications was set up in 1924 as a government ministry of the Kingdom of Italy, dealing with postal, telephone, telegraph and electronic communications, journalistic information and commercial advertising. Since the Berlusconi IV Cabinet of 2008 it has been incorporated into the Ministry of Economic Development.

History
The first Ministry of Communications was established on 30 April 1924, replacing the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs from the government of Mussolini. The first minister was Costanzo Ciano, founder of what was to become RAI (Radio-television Italia).

The ministry was divided into two distinct divisions on 12 December 1944, with a Ministry of Transport and a Ministry of Post and Telegraphs (later renamed the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications).

In 1992 Italy underwent a period of telecommunication reform in which the responsibility for running telecommunications passed from direct state control to private control (of state holdings). This resulted in the establishment of Telecom Italia S.p.A. in 1994, after the reorganisation of the ministry for the second time.

The period following resulted in large upheaval of the ministry, beginning in 1997 with the Autonomous Administration of Post and Telegraphs (an autonomous organ of the ministry) being incorporated into the Poste Italiane (the Italian Post Office) as well as simultaneously being made a public entity. In the same year, the ministry was renamed to its original title, Ministry of Communications. Two years later, the ministry was incorporated into the Ministry of Productive Activities. The actual incorporation was to take place in 2001, but was stopped by the government of Silvio Berlusconi.

The ministry reached its present-day configuration after the financial crisis of 2007–2008, when the Prodi Government decided to revert to the Bassanini Reform of 1999. This was finally implemented by Berlusconi, incorporating the Ministry of Communications into the Ministry of Economic Development (present day equivalent of Ministry of Productive Activities).

Organisation
The Ministry of Communications was organized as follows:

General Secretariat

 Directorate General for Human Resources Management
 Directorate General for Electronic Communication Services and Broadcasting
 Directorate General for Planning and Radio-electronic spectrum management
 Directorate General for Resource Management
 Directorate General for the Regulation of the Postal Sector
 Institute of Communications and Information Technology
 Territorial Inspectorates

Internal Organs

 Executive Committee for Broadband
 Council for Communications
 Commission for the Study and card processing postal stamps

See also
 Ministry of Economic Development
 Italian Government

References

Communications
Italy, Communications
1924 establishments in Italy
Ministries disestablished in 2008
2008 disestablishments in Italy


Morgan Kneisky (born 31 August 1987) is a French former track and road racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2010 and 2020 for the , ,  and  squads. Kneisky is a four-time UCI Track Cycling World Championships gold medallist, winning golds in the madison in 2013 with Vivien Brisse, 2015 with Bryan Coquard and 2017 with Benjamin Thomas, and the scratch in 2009. He retired following the 2021 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.

Biography
Morgan Kneisky began cycling as a youngster, when he joined the Amicale Cycliste Bisontine. In 2008, he joined the Chambéry Cyclisme Formation, a team in the top national division. That year, he won the Tour de Moselle. In 2009, Kneisky participated in his first Track Cycling World Championships, and came away with the Scratch race title. He has subsequently won three more world titles in the Madison at the 2013, 2015 and 2017 World Championships.

Kneisky signed with the British-based  for the 2014 season. After his contract with the team was not renewed for 2017, in December 2016 it was announced that Kneisky would join the  team for 2017. Following the disbanding of Armée de Terre at the end of 2017, Kneisky rejoined .

In 2023, he became team manager of UCI Women's Continental Team Lifeplus–Wahoo alongside Małgorzata Jasińska.

Major results

Road

2008
 1st Overall Tour de Moselle
1st Stage 1
2010
 7th Grand Prix de la ville de Nogent-sur-Oise
2011
 3rd Grand Prix de la ville de Pérenchies
 10th Polynormande
2012
 1st Stage 3 Boucles de la Mayenne
 2nd Grand Prix de la ville de Pérenchies
 7th Gooikse Pijl
 9th Route Adélie
 10th Paris–Troyes
2013
 8th Overall Ronde de l'Oise
2014
 1st Stafford GP
 5th Ryedale Grand Prix
 8th Eddie Soens Memorial
 9th Wales Open Criterium
 10th Circuit of the Fens
2015
 1st  Points classification Tour Series
 2nd Stafford Kermesse
 3rd Chorley Grand Prix
 3rd Stafford GP
 4th Otley Grand Prix
 5th Eddie Soens Memorial
 6th Velothon Wales
2017
 6th Overall Rás Tailteann

Track

2008
 3rd Points race, National Under-23 Championships
2009
 1st  Scratch, UCI World Championships
 National Championships
1st  Scratch
1st  Madison (with Kévin Fouache)
3rd Team pursuit
2010
 1st Scratch, UCI World Cup Classics, Cali
 1st  Points race, National Championships
 2nd  Madison, UCI World Championships (with Christophe Riblon)
2011
 1st Six Days of Grenoble (with Iljo Keisse)
 2nd Madison, UCI World Cup, Cali (with Vivien Brisse)
 UCI World Championships
3rd  Points race
3rd  Scratch
 3rd  Madison, UEC European Championships (with Vivien Brisse)
 3rd Six Days of Ghent (with Marc Hester)
2012
 2nd Six Days of Grenoble (with Bryan Coquard)
2013
 1st  Madison, UCI World Championships (with Vivien Brisse)
 1st  Madison, National Championships (with Julien Duval)
 1st Six Days of Grenoble (with Vivien Brisse)
2014
 1st Six Days of Grenoble (with Thomas Boudat)
 3rd  Madison, UEC European Championships (with Vivien Brisse)
 National Championships
3rd Madison (with Philémon Marcel-Millet)
3rd Scratch
2015
 1st  Madison, UCI World Championships (with Bryan Coquard)
 1st Madison, UCI World Cup, Cambridge (with Benjamin Thomas)
 2nd Six Days of Bremen (with Jesper Mørkøv)
 3rd  Madison, UEC European Championships (with Bryan Coquard)
2016
 2nd  Madison, UCI World Championships (with Benjamin Thomas)
 2nd  Madison, UEC European Championships (with Benjamin Thomas)
 UCI World Cup, Apeldoorn
2nd Points race
3rd Team pursuit
 2nd Six Days of Bremen (with Jesper Mørkøv)
 2nd Six Days of Fiorenzuola (with Benjamin Thomas)
 2nd Six Days of Rotterdam (with Christian Grasmann)
2017
 1st  Madison, UCI World Championships (with Benjamin Thomas)
 1st Six Days of Fiorenzuola (with Benjamin Thomas)
 2nd Madison, UCI World Cup, Manchester (with Benjamin Thomas)
 2nd Six Days of Ghent (with Benjamin Thomas)
2018
 3rd Madison, National Championships (with Joseph Berlin-Sémon)
 3rd Six Days of Rotterdam (with Benjamin Thomas)
 3rd Six Days of Turin (with Joseph Berlin-Sémon)
2019
 National Championships
2nd Scratch
3rd Omnium
 3rd Madison, UCI World Cup, Brisbane (with Kévin Vauquelin)
2020
 2nd Six Days of Bremen (with Theo Reinhardt)
 3rd Six Days of Berlin (with Theo Reinhardt)

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
French male cyclists
Sportspeople from Besançon
UCI Track Cycling World Champions (men)
French track cyclists
Cyclists from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté


Crazy Shagdar (, 1869–1930s) was a wandering lama from the Baarin banner (in what is now Ulanhad city) in Inner Mongolia. He is the hero of a number of, usually quite critical, tales, in which he mocks corrupt nobles, other lamas etc. One tale deals with how he rebuked Chinese traders on a temple fair:
The annual Baarin temple fair had always attracted many traders from Inner China.
Shagdar came very close to the side of the tent of one of these traders, made a fireplace from three stones, pulled a Tibetan cooking pot from his bundle, then he helped himself to the water from the traders' clay ton and made a fire from their wood. When the eldest of the traders scolded him and called him crazy, Shagdar replied

I, Shagdar, only drank from the waters of my homeland,
Made a fire with nothing but the wood from my hills.
I used none of the water or wood you brought from Shandong!
Squeezing out the people's blood -
That's where you belong, bastards!

That is how he swore at them in both Mongolian and Chinese.

A collection of tales about him appeared in Mukden in 1959, and some of those have been translated into German.

References

Lamas
Mongolian literature


Stefan Klinger (born 24 April 1978) is a German ski mountaineer.

Klinger was born in Anger. He inspired his girl friend Stefanie Koch to compete also in the national ski mountaineering team.

Selected results
 2003:
 1st, Predigtstuhl race
 2004:
 6th, Mountain Attack
 11th, World Championship relay race (together with Tim Stachel, Gerhard Reithmeier and Toni Steurer)
 2005:
 4th, German Championship single
 3rd, European Championship relay race (together with Toni Steurer, Franz Graßl and Georg Nickaes)
 5th, Mountain Attack
 2007:
 3rd, German Championship single
 3rd, German Championship vertical race
 4th, European Championship relay race (together with Toni Steurer, Konrad Lex and Martin Echtler)
 2008:
 1st, German Championship team
 6th, World Championship relay race (together with Toni Steurer, Andreas Strobel and Konrad Lex)
 8th (and 6th in the "international men" ranking), Patrouille des Glaciers (together with Toni Steurer and Franz Graßl)

External links
 Stefan Klinger at skimountaineering.com

References

1978 births
Living people
German male ski mountaineers
People from Berchtesgadener Land
Skiers from Upper Bavaria


Christian-Vodoo can be seen as a syncretism of different cultures and religions. Primarily focused on the Haitian Vodoo, and Catholic Christianity, the two have been in a way merging together since around the 18th century, when a large majority of Haiti was part of the Atlantic slave trade.

Roman Catholicism
Roman Catholicism is one of the three existing diversions of Christianity. The Roman Catholic Christianity religion that revolves around the belief of a single God and his three characteristics, known as the Holy Trinity. This Holy Trinity is made up of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. The community is led by the pope and the Holy See which act similarly as a government of the religion. They dictate what fits the standards, morals, and religious views of the community. The Roman Catholic religion derives from history incorporating Jesus Christ and his Apostles. Some of their basics beliefs/practices are following the sacraments, such as baptizing a child after birth, praying before a meal, praying the Rosary, etc. In Haitian history, it managed to make. its appearance in the 15th century, when Christopher Columbus set foot on the island of Hispaniola.

Haitian Voodoo
Haitian culture has a great variety of religions and spirituality within itself, but one of the greatest combination of practices within itself has been the syncretism of Catholicism and African religious practices. The creation of Voodoo was not a positive one created out of hope and optimism, but instead out of anguish and survival. During the 18th century, when slavery was at its peak, African slaves were trapped in an endless cycle of despair. Due to this, Voodoo came to light as a sort of rebellion towards the ideology of having slaves, which eventually would lead to a slave revolt in 1791. According to Digital Chicago History, the importance of Voodoo itself began with the Haitian Revolution which was sparked by a Voodoo ceremony; known as the Bois Caiman Ceremony.

The Merging of Both Worlds
Roman Catholicism had been around since the early 30s of the Common Era, but was not known in Haiti until around the 15th century. During the 15th century, Christopher Columbus landed around San Salvador, where some of his people were left to proclaim their religious efforts; but unfortunately were obliterated by illness and others by slavery. Through the African Slave Trade, a large quantity of slaves were brought to the island of San Salvador to continue the labor of the past people associated with Christopher Columbus. Through this trade, many slaves were introduced to Christianity. In 1493, the Spanish colonization of the Americas, also known as Spanish rule, began spreading their religious beliefs on the island. The main religion was Catholicism Christianity, so the majority of the island of San Salvador would practice Catholicism Christianity. This eventually spread throughout time and with slaves that were traded over the years. It wasn't until 1697 where the French colonized a Western portion of the island of Hispaniola, where San Dominguez was included, now known as Haiti, that the Catholic religion was declared official to the island. Although the Catholic religion remained the official religion of Haiti, Haitian slaves especially began to incorporate their own cultural and spiritual practices into the Catholic religion. Under several laws established around 1685, Catholic practices amongst African slaves(such as baptism and teachings of doctrines) were enforced. Due to risks of practicing their own beliefs, Haitian slaves began to practice their own beliefs under the cover of the Catholic ones. These practices were derived from their religion, known as Voodoo. They would practice small changes such place their own saint's identities under the similar saints found in the Catholic religion. Haitian believe in Lwa/loa/loi which are recognized as spirits in Haitian Voodoo. They would similarity compare their spirits to the Catholic saint's characteristics and attributes. Even though Christianity was constantly being forced onto Haitian people, Voodoo continued to grow beneath Christian practices/symbolism.

Christian and Vodou conflicts
The revolutionary Jean-Jacques Dessalines presumptively proclaimed himself head of the church in Haiti after the Haitian Revolution. He set forward to limit the jurisdiction of priests and to appoint men to vacant positions in local church communities. He himself had caused the assassination of a large number of the missionaries by failing to stop slaughter of the white colonists. This caused a schism between the Haitian state and Rome, resulting in Rome's declining to send priests into the country. There were no priests to provide guidelines for the newly established Haitian state. As a consequence, the principles of Vodou and Catholicism were merged and Catholicism (with its Vodou influences) was made the state's official religion under the leadership of Henri Christophe.

Another cause of the syncretic connection between Catholicism and Vodou was the state's ordination of Haitian men to the priesthood – a step that the Vatican would not recognize as legitimate. However, mixture of both religions shaped the way of how Haitians practice their ritual. The Haitians were going to church, but they continued to adhere to Vodou, using the rituals of the church to mask the practices of their native traditions.

There have been several killings in the past of Christian pastors, and some Christians blame those murders on the influence of Vodou. There have also been several murders of Vodou Priests/Priestesses, most recently after the earthquake. In Haiti, some Christians consider Vodou a form of devil worship.  In spite of this criticism by some Haitian Christians, many practitioners of Haitian Vodou continue to self-identify as Roman Catholic, even to the point of incorporating the Lord's Prayer and the Hail Mary into their services for the Lwa (also called loa). These people see no contradiction between the two faiths and, in fact, view it as enriching their own faith, such people refer to themselves as good Christians.

The Christian population of Haiti often uses Vodou as a scapegoat for Haiti's problems including the devastating 2010 earthquake and the poor economic state of Haiti today.
Extremist Christian groups in Haiti have sought to rid the country of Vodou completely as they believe Vodou practitioners are influenced by demonic forces. Some Christians deem the earthquake a punishment, because they believe that the portion of Haiti who practice Vodou made a deal with the devil.

Syncretism
At this point, the exact number of Vodou followers and Christians in Haiti is unknown. Many Christians accept Vodou as part of the country's culture, though most Evangelical Christians consider Vodou incompatible with Christianity, though not universally.

Vodou is an established religion. False representations in the media have led it to be considered "black magic," but its adherents recognize it as an official religion. (or at least not primarily, see bokor). Many observances are shared between the religions; for instance it is not abnormal for Vodou funerary ceremonies to be performed, followed by a Roman Catholic ceremony presided by a priest. Many Haitians celebrate Christian holidays alongside traditional Vodou holidays. As a whole it is a complex relationship where some consider the theologies to be incompatible, whereas others indeed view them as compatible.

Vodou draws influences from a multitude of other religions and cultures, particularly Catholicism despite the counter-position between the two religions. Over the centuries, Vodou was shaped into the wide-reaching and unique religion that it is today.

Some practices of Haitian Vodou are a result of the syncretism that occurred when the French colonizers forcibly converted West African slaves in the West Indies colonies to Christianity. Instead of completely converting to Christianity, the African slaves disguised their loa as acceptable Catholic saints. This way, they were able to continue to practice their traditional religion. This new form of the tribal African religions came to be Haitian Vodou which to this day still has its Christian influences.
Despite the constant opposition between Christianity and Vodou, many Haitians often consider themselves practitioners of both Vodou and Christianity.

Louisiana Vodou/New Orleans Vodou is another example of syncretism with Christianity and West African culture.

The Church position
During the colonial period, the Catholic Church first altered the traditional African traditions that would eventually become Haitian Vodou through slavery and forced Christianization. Missionaries sought to end any African influence on slaves in the New World to fully convert them to Christianity.
The Church has put pressure upon the government to outlaw and disband Vodou. In 1896, 1913, and again in 1941 the church led its anti-superstitious campaigns to fight against Voodooism. During the campaigns, hundreds of Ounfos and ritual paraphernalia were destroyed and burned. In addition to the more common French and British missionaries, Canadian missionaries began to move into Haiti in 1942. A Jesuit seminary was also opened in 1948. Up to this time, the church remains a major political power; this can cause major problems in country and has greatly limited its pastoral work. In the past decade the Catholic Church has taken a much more liberal stand towards Vodou, even including some minor Vodou elements in the Haitian mass.

See also
Haitian Vodou
Louisiana Voodoo

References

Haitian Vodou
Christianity and religious syncretism


The Ministry of Enterprises and Made in Italy (Ministero delle imprese e del made in Italy), commonly known under the shortening it's pre-2022 name MISE, is a government ministry of the Italian Republic. It deals with production, economic activities, energy and mineral resources, telecommunications, consumers, tourism, internationalisation and business incentives. It was formed in 2006 after the reorganization of the Ministry of Productive Activities (called Ministry of Industry, Trade and Handicraft until 2001) to which were merged the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of International Trade in 2008.

The current minister is Adolfo Urso, appointed on 22 October 2022 by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni. The headquarters is located in Palazzo Piacentini, via Vittorio Veneto, Rome.

History

Kingdom of Italy
Since the Italian unification in 1861, policies related to productive activities were made by the Ministry for Agriculture, Industry and Trade, which was eliminated by the Depretis II Cabinet in 1877 and restored by Cairoli I Cabinet in 1878. In 1916, with the Boselli Cabinet, competences on labour and social security were added while the one on agriculture was removed: the dicastery became then the Ministry for Industry, Trade and Labour. In 1920, the Nitti II Cabinet established the Ministry of Labour and Social Security, maintaining the Ministry of Industry and Trade.

Several transformations occurred during the Mussolini Cabinet: the Ministry of National Economy was established in 1923 with the merger of the Ministries of Labour and Social Security, of Industry and Trade and of Agriculture, but it was later abolished in 1929 and its competences on agriculture were given to the reconstituted Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and those related to industry, trade and labour were transferred to the existing Ministry of Corporations. With the fall of Fascism, the Badoglio I Cabinet abolished the last one and recreated the Ministry for Industry, Trade and Labour.

After World War II and republican period
During the second post-war period, the Parri Cabinet subdivided again in 1945 the competences between the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Labour and Social Security, while the De Gasperi II Cabinet spun off also the Ministry of Foreign Trade in 1946. In 1966, with Moro III Cabinet, the competence on handicrafts was added and the Dicastery was renamed in Ministry of Industry, Trade and Handicraft.

In order to reduce the number of Ministries, the Bassanini reforms issued between 1997 and 1999 and further implementing decrees determined the creation of the Ministry of Productive Activities, after the merging between the Ministries of Industry, of Foreign Trade and Communications. However, the last one was maintained autonomous by the Berlusconi II Cabinet in 2001.

In 2001, with the Prodi II Cabinet, the Department for Development and Economic Cohesion was incorporated into the Ministry of Treasury, Budget and Economic Planning (renamed later as Ministry of Economy and Finance) and the new Ministry of International Trade was established in 2006, along with the Ministry of Economic Development.

Only in 2008 the Bassanini reform was re-established and the MiSE included the functions of the Ministries of Communication and International Trade, which ceased to exists with the Berlusconi IV Cabinet. The last modification occurred in 2013 with the spun off of the Department for Development and Economic Cohesion and the creation of the new Agency for Territorial Cohesion under MiSE.

In 2022, the Ministry of Economic Development (Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico) was renamed to Ministry for Business and Made in Italy.

Competences
According to the Decree n. 158 of 5 December 2013, MiSE has competences related to four areas of the Italian economy:

 Industrial policies in favour of competitiveness, industrial research and innovation, technology transfers, patents and trademarks, struggle against counterfeiting, funds and benefits for companies, productive reconversion and reorganization, management of corporate crisis, support to small and medium enterprises, promotion and valorization of products 'Made in Italy', consumer protection, monitoring of prices, promotion of competition, simplifications for enterprises and others required by law.
 Policies for internationalization: exports, trade facilitation with foreign countries, commercial strategies within the European Union, multilateral and bilateral agreements, promotion of Italian investments abroad, attraction of foreign investments in Italy, instruments for commercial defence, promotion of 'Made in Italy'.
 Energy policies: national energy budged and strategy, transport networks, energy infrastructures, security of supplies, single European market of electricity, promotion of renewable energy and energy efficiency, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, dismantle of decommissioned nuclear plants and pacific usage of nuclear energy, national gas market, oil plants and market, national mining policies, downstream oil system and related market, storage of natural gas.
 Communication policies: regulation of electronic communications, radio and TV broadcasting and postal sector, service agreements with RAI e Poste Italiane, distribution of frequencies for radio and TV broadcasting services, cellular networks and emergency services, monitoring and control of the national radio-electric spectrum, infrastructural programme for broadband.

Functions of MiSE and its bodies actuate the dispositions of the Italian and European Consumption Code, Private Insurance Code, Industrial Property Code, Electronic Communications Code.

The Minister is a member of the High Council of Defence and appoints the General Secretary of the Italian Competition Authority.

Overseen entities and controlled companies

Public entities
At 15 July 2019, MiSE oversees the following public entities:

 Banco nazionale di prova per le armi da fuoco portatili e per le munizioni commerciali (instrumental entity for ballistic tests)
ENEA
Ente nazionale per il microcredito
Agenzia per la promozione all'estero e l'internazionalizzazione delle impresse italiane (ICE)
 Italian Chamber System (Chambers of Commerce, Unioncamere, regional unions, special companies)
Accredia - Ente italiano di accreditamento

Shareholdings
At 4 and 11 July 2019, MiSE holds the following shares:

 C.F.I. S.c.p.A. – Cooperazione Finanza Impresa (98,32%)
 SO.FI.COOP. – Società Finanza Cooperazione (99,85%)

Private entities
At 4 July 2019, MiSE owns the following entities:

 Fondazione Ugo Bordoni
GSE S.p.A. – Gestore Servizi Energetici
Invitalia

Internal organization
The Ministry is formed by the Cabinet offices collaborating directly with the Minister, the General Secretary Office, 14 General Directions (Direzioni generali, DG) and various commissions and committees.

General Directions
According to the decree 158/2013, the General Directions of MiSE are the following:

 DG for Industrial Policy, Competitiveness and SMEs: it deals with the actuation of policies in favour of competition, research and innovation, analysis of the Italian productive system.
 DG for the Struggle Against Counterfeiting - Italian Patent and Trademark Office: it formulates provisions regarding anti-counterfeiting policies and studies the trend of the phenomena, coordinating operations along with other state bodies; it is competent also for the protection of national (and international) industrial properties and trademarks.
 DG for Market, Competition, Consumers, Vigilance and Technical Regulation: it promotes competition and regulations regarding liberalizations, simplifications for enterprises and requirements for each economical activity; it also manages the relations between enterprises and the Italian Competition Authority, gives support to the Prices Monitoring Authority and actuates national, European and international policies belonging to its competence.
 DG for International Trade Policy: it deals with activities in favour of Italian exportations and manages the application of European directives and the agreements with international organizations (WTO, OECD, UNCTAD) and foreign countries
 DG for Internationalization Policies and Promotion of Exchanges: it has more specific competences than the previous DG and elaborates strategical provisions for trade policies with foreign countries, managing negotiations and facilitating the international trade of Italian companies
DG for General and Environmental Security of Mining and Energy Activities - National Mining Office for Hydrocarbons and Georesources
 DG for Supply Security and Energy Infrastructures
 DG for Energy Market, Renewable Energies and Efficiency, Nuclear
 DG for Planning and Management of Radioelectric Spectrum
 DG for Electronic Communication, Radio broadcasting and Postal Services: it studies the evolution of services related to electronic communication, radio broadcasting and mail, predisposing regulations and actuating European laws. It gives licences to private operators providing such communication services according to laws in force.
Higher Institute of Communications and Information Technologies (Istituto superiore delle comunicazioni e delle tecnologie dell'informazione, ISCOM)
 DG for Territorial Activities
 DG for Benefits to Enterprises
 DG for Supervision on Entities, the Cooperative System and Commissarial Managements
 DG for Resources, Organization and Budget

Committees and other bodies
MiSE oversees the following bodies:

 Single Guarantee Committee:
 Committee for the Application of the Autoregulation Code of Media and Underages: previously known as "Committee for the Application of the Autoregulation Code of TV and Underages", it was established in 2005 in order to ensure the application of the Autoregulation Code of Media and Underages by broadcasters. Its deliberations and denounces are received by the Italian Communication Authority.
Committee for the Security of Sea Operations (or Offshore Committee): established in 2015 as the application of the EU Directive 2013/30, it provides regulations, evaluations and reports regarding major risks and oversees operators in the field of its competence. The Committee cooperates with competent authorities belonging to the EU countries.
 Independent Valuation Body (Organismo indipendente di valutazione, OIV): established in 2009, it monitors the whole function of the evaluation system, the transparency and integrity of internal controls and it elaborates an annual report about the leading directors of the Ministry. OIV ensures the application of guidelines proved by the National Anti-corruption Authority and the Public Function Department.
Observatory for Local Public Services: established in 2013, it provides complete, clear and updated informations about the organization and management of economic local public services (urban waste management, water supply and public transport in particular).
 Council for the Postage Stamp Issue and Philately: it participates to the elaboration of the program on the issue of postage stamps by competent institutional bodies and relative policies.
 Study Commission of Postage Stamps: it analyses drafts of postal stamps created by the Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato and expresses opinions on the graphic layout and the technical characteristics of new stamps.

See also
 Ministry of Economy and Finance (Italy)
 Economy of Italy

References

External links

Economic Development
Italy, Economic Development
2006 establishments in Italy


James Mbowe Nyondo (14 May 1968 – 17 July 2015) was a Malawian lawyer, development worker, and presidential candidate. He was born in Chitipa, Malawi.

Education
Nyondo attended Chancellor College, Zomba, where he reversed his outspoken opposition to Christianity. He subsequently moved to South Africa where he completed a degree in law. While in South Africa, he was mentored by Apostles Theo and Beverly Wolmarans. Dr Theo Wolmarans subsequently sponsored him to earn a business degree from the University of Texas at San Antonio and has continued to support him in his leadership development.

In 2006, Nyondo completed his studies in the US and moved back to Malawi to launch an effort he called Servants of the Nation with the goal of mentoring local leaders to address the problems of their own people.

Presidential campaign
Nyondo submitted his nomination papers on 4 February 2009 to run as an independent candidate in Malawi's 19 May 2009 presidential and parliamentary elections.  He says that he has sponsored over 120 independent parliamentary candidates by paying their MK 100,000 ($700 USD) nomination fee.  He is the only independent candidate in the 2009 presidential election and has campaigned on the need for a new generation of leadership, a smaller cabinet, an end to the personal extravagance of current and previous governments, and an end to regional and tribal discrimination in the national government. He died of lung cancer in Johannesburg, South Africa on 17 July 2015.

References

External links
 Campaign Site
 Servants of the Nation Site

1968 births
2015 deaths
People from Chitipa District
University of Texas at San Antonio alumni


Artworks at Hampton Court Palace belong to the Royal Collection and are subject to change. They are displayed in several parts of the palace, including the new Cumberland Art Gallery. In September 2015, the Royal Collection recorded 542 works (only those with images) as being located at Hampton Court, mostly paintings and furniture, but also ceramics and sculpture. The full current list can be obtained from their website.  They include:

 Triumphs of Caesar (Mantegna), 1484–92, displayed in their own section of the palace.
 Anonymous – Field of Cloth of Gold c. 1545.
 Jacopo Bassano – The Adoration of the Shepherds c. 1544–45.
 Sir Godfrey Kneller – William III on Horseback, 1701; Hampton Court Beauties, 1690s.
 Sir Peter Lely – Windsor Beauties, 1660s.
 William Scrots – Edward VI, c. 1550
 Girolamo da Treviso – The Four Evangelists Stoning the Pope early 16th century.
 The Allegory of the Tudor Succession, copy by Remigius van Leemput of Holbein's lost work.
 The Family of Henry VIII.
 Boy Peeling Fruit (Caravaggio)
 The Calling of Saints Peter and Andrew, by Caravaggio
 Rembrandt Self-portrait
 Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting by Artemisia Gentileschi
 12 views of Venice by Canaletto
 Portraits by Holbein and Van Dyck

Apart from the paintings some important tapestries are displayed, including:

 The Story of Abraham – Flemish, set of 10 tapestries commissioned by Henry VIII in the early 1540s, 6 of which are displayed in the Great Hall.
 Conflict of Virtues and Vice – Flemish, c1500, probably bought by Cardinal Wolsey in 1522.
 The Story of Alexander the Great – Brussels, late 17th century, in the Queen's Gallery.
 The Labours of Hercules & The Triumph of Bacchus – Brussels, purchased by Henry VIII in the 1540s, in the King's Presence Chamber.

Moved away by 2015
 Agnolo Bronzino (attributed) – Portrait of a Lady in Green c. 1530–32.?
 Pieter Bruegel the Elder – The Massacre of the Innocents 1565–7.
 Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger – Portrait of a Woman c. 1590–1600.
 Lorenzo Lotto – Portrait of Andrea Odoni c. 1525.
 Daniel Mytens – Charles I & Henrietta Maria c. 1630–32.
 Raphael – Self portrait c. 1506–7.

References

Hampton Court Palace
Hampton Court
London-related lists
Hampton Court


Major General John Barker (1746April 3, 1818) was twice mayor of Philadelphia. He was also a tailor.

Barker served in the Revolutionary War and remained active in the military through 1808, when he retired as Major General of the First Brigade, First Division.

He served twice as sheriff of Philadelphia, from 1794 to 1797 and 1803 to 1807. He was appointed an alderman of the city of Philadelphia by Governor Thomas McKean on October 22, 1800. He was elected mayor by the Select and Common Councils on October 20, 1808, and was re-elected in 1809 and again, after an interval of two years, in 1812.

During the War of 1812, he served on the city's Committee of Defense.

He died in Philadelphia at age 72.

Family
He was the only son of James Barker. He was the father of playwright James Nelson Barker, who served in the army during the War of 1812, rising to the rank of major, and who was also later mayor of Philadelphia.

References

1740s births
1818 deaths
Continental Army officers from Pennsylvania
Mayors of Philadelphia
People of colonial Pennsylvania
People from Pennsylvania in the War of 1812
Sheriffs of Philadelphia


Helmut Heißenbüttel (21 June 1921 – 19 September 1996) was a German novelist and poet. Among Heißenbüttel's works are Das Textbuch (The Textbook) and Marlowe's Ende (Marlowe's End). He received the important Georg Büchner Prize in 1969. His other awards include the Bundesverdienstkreuz Erster Klasse (1979) and the Austrian State Prize for European Literature (1990).

Heißenbüttel was born in Wilhelmshaven, Germany.  During the Second World War, he was badly wounded at the Eastern Front so that his left arm had to be amputated.

He married Ida Warnholtz in 1954; they had one son and three daughters.

Heißenbüttel died of pneumonia on 19 September 1996 at a hospital in Glückstadt. His dying words were "wie ein Schokoladen-Milchshake nur knackig" ("like a chocoloate milkshake only crunchy"). He was 75.

References

External links

 Obituary in The Independent
 http://d-nb.info/95494304X

1921 births
1996 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia in Germany
People from Wilhelmshaven
People from the Province of Hanover
Writers from Lower Saxony
German Army personnel of World War II
German amputees
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin
Georg Büchner Prize winners
20th-century German novelists
20th-century German poets
German male poets
German male novelists
German-language poets
20th-century German male writers


Canterbury College was a private institution located in Danville, Indiana, United States from 1878 to 1951.  The school was known as Central Normal College prior to 1946.

History
The college was founded in 1876 as part of the larger statewide university system in Indiana. The school was located in Ladoga, Indiana, but was moved to Danville, Indiana in 1878 after purchasing the former Danville Academy buildings. Normal Hall is the only remaining building associated with the Central Indiana Normal School at Ladoga. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

The school taught traditional college courses, but primarily focused on training teachers. Over 75,000 teachers were trained while the school was in operation.  In 1942 the school buildings were taken over by the Northern Diocese of the Episcopal Church and the college was renamed Canterbury College, but it continued as a normal school until closing in 1951 due to bankruptcy.

Boosters and alumni spared no effort to save Canterbury, but to no avail. "At the height of the last-minute campaign to save the college, its president dressed in red flannels and led a parade in which United States Senator William E. Jenner rode an elephant, Governor Henry Schricker drove a span of mules, and scantily clad coeds peddled doughnuts at $1 each." When the college declared bankruptcy, it had debts approaching $90,000 (just over $1 million in 2023 dollars).

After the college closed, the old Administration Building and the Chapel were torn down, but Hargrave Hall and the C.C. Bostick Gymnasium were used as the Danville Community High School and then the Danville Community Middle School until 2009.

The building is currently used for Ivy Tech classes in conjunction with Danville Community High School and is referred to as Central Normal Campus. In addition to housing educational facilities, it also houses the Danville Police Department as well Danville Athletic Club.

The majority of the College's records and archive materials are maintained by Indiana State University.

Notable alumni
The school's alumni include:

Samuel Ralston, a United States Senator and the 28th Indiana Governor,
U.S. Representative William Larrabee
U.S. Representative William La Follette
MLB pitcher Vic Aldridge,
John Cravens, long-time university administrator
David Myers, Justice of the Indiana Supreme Court
Jim Springer, former professional basketball player
George Tremain, Justice of the Indiana Supreme Court
Lewis Terman, human development psychologist.
William H. Stead, Illinois Attorney General, also went to the school.
Frank W. Griese, Mayor of Evansville, Indiana (1930–1935)
John W. Spencer, Chief Justice of the Indiana Supreme Court

References

External links
 Hendricks County Historical Museum: Central Normal College
 Hendricks County Heritage Digital Collection

Defunct private universities and colleges in Indiana
Education in Hendricks County, Indiana
Educational institutions established in 1876
Educational institutions disestablished in 1951
1876 establishments in Indiana
1951 disestablishments in Indiana


Axios commonly refers to:
 Axios (river), a river that runs through Greece and North Macedonia
 Axios (website), an American news and information website

Axios may also refer to:

Brands and enterprises
 Axios, a brand of suspension products owned by Tenneco
 Axios Systems, an IT management software vendor

Geography
 Axios, Thessaloniki, a Greek municipality named after the river in geographical Macedonia
 Orontes River, a river in Syria, also called Axios or Axius in antiquity

Religion
 Axios (acclamation), an expression used in the Orthodox church
 Axios (organization), an Orthodox and Eastern Catholic LGBT organization
 Axios (magazine), a scholarly Orthodox Magazine published c. 1981 by a monastery of the same name located in California.

See also
Axis (disambiguation)
Axius (disambiguation)
Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
Vardar (disambiguation)


Ernest Peterlin (11 January 190320 March 1946) was a Slovene military officer who rose to a senior position in the Royal Yugoslav Army prior to the Second World War. Married to Anja Roman Rezelj. A decided anti-Communist, during the war he became a prominent anti-Partisan military leader and one of the main exponents of the pro-Western faction of the Slovene Home Guard, an anti-Communist collaborationist militia active in parts of German-occupied Slovenia between 1943 and 1945. In 1945, he was tried and sentenced to death by the new Yugoslav Communist authorities and executed in 1946.

Early life and pre-war career

Born in Ljubljana on 11 January 1903, Peterlin became a career soldier in the Royal Yugoslav Army. At the time of the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, he was chief of staff of the Yugoslav 3rd Army Group's 15th 'Zetska' Infantry Division, commanded by Brigadier General Milenko Varjačić. Following the swift Axis victory and occupation of Yugoslavia, Peterlin was involved in and worked to promote pro-royalist militia. However, in March 1942 most royal army officers who were in the Italian-annexed parts of Slovenia, including Peterlin, were arrested and sent to Italian prisoner-of-war camps "as a precautionary measure".

Second World War leadership

The foremost resistance to the occupation was Josip Broz Tito's Partisan movement. In Slovenia, this resistance was led by the Liberation Front of the Slovenian People, in which the Communist influence soon prevailed. The pro-royalist militia took on a fundamentally anti-Communist stand. The Italian occupation forces under General Mario Roatta "were eager to use the anti-Communist forces as auxiliary troops" against the partisans. This was in line with the desires of the anti-Communist forces themselves, "which were to strengthen their armed groups and obtain Italian recognition and assistance in order to carry on their fight against the Partisanswho for them, as for the Chetniks, were a much more dangerous enemy than the occupying powers". In August 1942, Roatta visited Bishop Gregorij Rožman "and urged the Slovene Catholic forces to participate actively in the struggle against the Communists". Rožman responded favourably, sending Roatta a memorandum in September 1942 containing detailed advice on how to fight the Partisans, which included the suggestion that named anti-Communist internees should be released to lead the Anti-Communist Volunteer Militia (Milizia volontaria anticomunista – MVAC). Peterlin was among those released from internment and "became the chief of the Slovene units in Italian service", but, according to Jozo Tomašević:

In spring 1943, the Slovene Legion (Slovenska legija) appointed Peterlin the secret commander of all its men in the MVAC in the Province of Ljubljana. After the September 1943 capitulation of Italy, the Province of Ljubljana was occupied by the Germans in its entirety. SS General Erwin Rösener, the commander of German forces in the province, sought to continue the use of the anti-Communist forces, and to this end ordered the formation of the Domobranci, the Slovenian Home Guard forces on 24 September 1943. Although they were "fully armed, supplied, and paid by the German occupation authorities", the Domobranci  "were not united in their aims. A faction around General Rupnik sincerely believed in the Germans and what they stood for. Another group around Lieutenant-Colonel Ernest Peterlin wanted eventually to link up with the Western Allies".

From its inception until the end of 1944, Peterlin was chief of staff of organizational headquarters of the Slovenian Home Guard and from February 1944 was also commander of its training group. Meanwhile, the group of officers around Peterlin "was making clandestine plans in case of an invasion by the Western Allies, and was in touch with them by radio". German commanders were aware of the pro-Western attitude of this faction of the Domobranci, and anxious that in the event of an Allied landing in Istria they might change sides, in December 1944, Peterlin and other pro-Western Domobranci officers were arrested by the Gestapo and sent to Dachau concentration camp, possibly after betrayal by a Partisan infiltrator.

Peterlin was in Dachau until the end of the war, whereupon he was forcibly repatriated to Yugoslavia. He was put on show trial for collaboration with the enemy, convicted and sentenced to death in the so-called Christmas trials () at the District Court in Ljubljana. He was executed by hanging on 20 March 1946.

References

1903 births
1946 deaths
Military personnel from Ljubljana
Slovenian Roman Catholics
Slovenian collaborators with Fascist Italy
Dachau concentration camp survivors
Executed Yugoslav collaborators with Nazi Germany
Executed Slovenian people
Slovenian anti-communists
Slovenian soldiers
People executed by Yugoslavia by hanging


Duguilang (, Duγuyilang) is a term for Mongolian secret societies from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These duguilangs typically articulated popular discontent with higher authorities, especially with banner princes. The name is derived from the circular (, circle) lists in which the members signed petitions to authorities. The circular lists were meant to conceal who the ringleaders were. Duguilangs did not always limit themselves to petitions and lawsuits, but in a number of cases resorted to more violent means; in one resolution against the sale of banner land (which was considered common property) to Chinese firms, the reasons for forming a duguilang are given as
Because all we people have no water to drink, no land to live on, but cannot bear this, we have formed the duguilang society and will not follow the princes' orders.

The first duguilangs sprung up in the Ordos region, but later also appeared in other areas. For example, Ard Ayush's band in what is now Khovd aimag, Mongolia, formed the "Tsetseg nuuryn duguilan" in 1912.

Modern Inner Mongolian historiography distinguishes three phases of Duguilangs: a first phase lasted from 1858 to 1891, a second phase from 1900 to 1908 was mainly concerned with excessive corvees and the sale of banner land, and a third phase from 1911 to 1929, which was in part influenced by revolutionary ideas.

Two important activists in duguilangs in the Ordos region in the 1910s and 1920s were Oljei jirγal, who became known as Šinelama ("new lama"), and Wangdannima. The uprising they initiated in 1926 would last until 1929.

References

Ordos City
History of Inner Mongolia
20th century in Mongolia
Secret societies
Mongolia under Qing rule
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Inner Mongolia


Mika Karttunen (born 30 May 1981) is a Finnish chess player, International Master.

Chess career
He won the Finnish Championship in 2002, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2013 and 2014. Played for Finland in the Chess Olympiads of 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008,  2010 and 2012. He won individual silver medal on second board at European Chess Club Championship in Saint-Vincent, Italy (2005).

In January 2012 FIDE list, he has an Elo rating of 2441, making him Finland's number four.

Notable games
Mika Karttunen vs Malcolm Armstrong, EU Union Championships 2006, Trompowsky Attack (A45), 1-0
Mika Karttunen vs Sergei Movsesian, EU Clubs Cup (Men) 2003, Trompowsky Attack (A45), 1/2-1/2
Stuart Conquest vs Mika Karttunen, EU Union Championships 2006, Modern Defense, Bronstein Variation (E94), 0-1

References

External links

Mika Karttunen at 365Chess.com
Rating data for Mika Karttunen

1981 births
Living people
Finnish chess players
Chess International Masters
Chess Olympiad competitors


Georgios Anastassopoulos (; 25 September 1935 – 12 July 2019) was a Greek politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP).

Anastassopoulos was educated at the University of Athens where he studied law; and later at King's College London, where he studied comparative European law. He served three terms as MEP between 1984 and 1999. Between 1989 and 1999, he served four terms as Vice-President of the Assembly, and was also president of the parliament's Transport Committee. He was the permanent delegate to the UNESCO for Greece, and was elected president over the General Convention of UNESCO for 2007 and 2009.

He died on 12 July 2019 at the age of 83.

References

External links

1935 births
2019 deaths
Alumni of King's College London
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni
MEPs for Greece 1984–1989
MEPs for Greece 1989–1994
MEPs for Greece 1994–1999
New Democracy (Greece) MEPs
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Panteion University alumni
Politicians from Athens