Philippe Mercier (also spelled Philip Mercier; 1689 – 18 July 1760) was an artist of French Huguenot descent from the German realm of Brandenburg-Prussia (later Kingdom of Prussia), usually defined to French school. Active in England for most of his working life, Mercier is considered one of the first practitioners of the Rococo style, and is credited with influencing a new generation of 18th-century English artists.

Life
Mercier was born  in Berlin, the son of Pierre Mercier (died 1729, Dresden), a Huguenot tapestry-worker. He studied painting at the Akademie der Wissenschaften of Berlin and later under Antoine Pesne, who had arrived in Berlin in 1710.  Later, he travelled in Italy and France before arriving in London—"recommended by the Court at Hannover"—probably in 1716. He married in London in 1719 and lived in Leicester Fields.

He was appointed principal painter and librarian to the Prince and Princess of Wales at their independent establishment in Leicester Fields, and while he was in favour he painted various portraits of royalty, and no doubt many of the nobility and gentry. Of the royal portraits, those of the Prince of Wales and of his three sisters, painted in 1728, were all engraved in mezzotint by John Simon, and that of the three elder children of the Prince of Wales by John Faber the Younger in 1744. This last (entitled Playing Soldiers) was a typical piece of Mercier's composition, the children being made the subject of a spirited, if somewhat childish, allegory in their game of play. Prince George is represented with a firelock on his shoulder, teaching a dog his drill, while his little brother and sister are equally occupied in a scene that is aptly used to point a patriotic moral embodied in some verses subjoined to the plate, of which the concluding couplet is as follows:

Faber also engraved six plates of "Rural Life" after Mercier, and several other subjects of his have survived him.

In 1733, Mercier painted a Portrait of 'Frederick, Prince of Wales, playing a violoncello, and his Sisters'. National Portrait Gallery, London. There is an alternative version of the painting in the Royal Collection. In the painting 'The Sense of Hearing', 1744, women are playing violin, violoncello, harpsichord, and flute. Yale Collection for British Art.

Mercier became involved in a scandal of some sort and he lost favour.  He left London around 1740 and settled in York, where he practised portrait painting for over ten years, before returning to London in 1751. In 1752, Mercier went to Portugal at the request of several English merchants. He did not long remain there, however, but came back to London, where he died in 1760.

In August 2016, Mercier's painting Portrait of a Lady (1744) was one of the subjects for episode 19 in the 5th series of the BBC Television series Fake or Fortune?

Mercier's daughter Charlotte was also an artist in her early life, before turning to a life of dissolution and dying in the St James Workhouse two years after her father's death.

Gallery

References

Further reading

Primary sources

General studies

Exhibition catalogues

Additional notes

Reference books

External links

 Portraits by Philip Mercier at the National Portrait Gallery, London
 Paintings by Philip Mercier at Tate Britain
  Works by Mercier from Art.com
  Works by Mercier from Invaluable.com
John Ingamells archive

1689 births
1760 deaths
18th-century English painters
English male painters
English etchers
Huguenots
18th-century English male artists


Hércules de Miranda, commonly known as just Hércules (June 2, 1912 – September 3, 1982), was an association footballer who played forward in the 1938 FIFA World Cup with Brazil.

Career
Hércules was born in Guaxupé, Minas Gerais state. He started his career in 1930, playing for Juventus, leaving the club in 1933, joining São Paulo. He moved to Fluminense in 1935, leaving the club in 1941, after winning the Campeonato Carioca in 1936, 1937, 1938, 1940 and in 1941, and scoring 164 goals in 176 games. Hércules de Miranda joined Corinthians in 1942, playing 73 games and scoring 53 goals for the club until his retirement in 1948.

National team
He played six games for Brazil, scoring three goals. Hércules debut defending the national team was a 1938 FIFA World Cup game, played on June 5, 1938, against Poland. Hércules de Miranda scored his first two goals for the Braziln national team on March 10, 1940, against Argentina. His last game defending Brazil was played on March 31, 1940, when his country and Uruguay drew 1–1.

Honors

Club
Fluminense
Campeonato Carioca: 1936, 1937, 1938, 1940, 1941

References

1912 births
1982 deaths
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazil men's international footballers
Clube Atlético Juventus players
Fluminense FC players
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista players
São Paulo state football team players
1938 FIFA World Cup players
Men's association football forwards
Footballers from Minas Gerais
People from Guaxupé


The following is a list of professional sports teams in North Carolina.

See also
 Sports in North Carolina
 List of sports venues in North Carolina

References

North Carolina

North Carolina sports-related lists


The San Francisco Center for Psychoanalysis, formerly the San Francisco Psychoanalytic Society and Institute is a facility for psychoanalytic research, training, and education located on 2420 Sutter St. in San Francisco, California.

The precursor of the SFCP was a society founded in 1941-1942 as the California Psychoanalytic Society (CPS) with branches in both San Francisco and Los Angeles. The CPS was under the sponsorship and supervision of the Topeka society, which at that time had jurisdiction over all psychoanalytic institutes in the United States west of Kansas. By 1946, the Los Angeles Psychoanalytic Society and Institute had become independent.

From the 1930s to the 1960s, the San Francisco Psychoanalytic Society had close connections with Mount Zion Hospital, which is now affiliated with UCSF but was then and independent hospital that eventually had a national reputation as a training site for psychoanalytically oriented psychiatrists. When the society was finally able to acquire an independent headquarters, it was across the street from Mount Zion.

In 2007, the San Francisco Psychoanalytic Institute & Society was combined with the San Francisco Foundation for Psychoanalysis, founded in 1991. The new entity was named the San Francisco Center for Psychoanalysis.

Associated Figures

Persons who have been associated with the San Francisco Center for Psychoanalysis or its predecessor organizations include the following:
Barbara Almond
Eric Berne, Canadian-born psychiatrist and developer of Transactional analysis
Nancy Chodorow American psychoanalyst, sociologist, and feminist theorist
Kenneth Colby, psychiatrist and pioneer in artificial intelligence
Erik Erikson, German-American lay psychoanalyst
Otto Fenichel
Ralph Greenson
Alice Jones (poet)
Thomas Ogden
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Robert S. Wallerstein

See also
American Psychoanalytic Association
International Psychoanalytic Association
New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute
List of schools of psychoanalysis
Psychoanalytic institutes and societies in the United States

References

External links
Official website: San Francisco Center for Psychoanalysis

Psychology organizations based in the United States
Psychology research institutes
Psychoanalysis organizations
Psychoanalysis in the United States
Mental health organizations in California
Organizations based in San Francisco


Farlowella hahni is a species of armored catfish of the family native to Argentina and Paraguay where it occurs in the middle Paraná River basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

hahni
Fish of South America
Fish of Argentina
Fish of Paraguay
Taxa named by Herman Meinken
Fish described in 1937


Farlowella hasemani is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it is found in Pará.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

It is named for zoologist and exploere John Diederich Haseman.

References

hasemani
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Fish described in 1917


Farlowella henriquei is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the Araguaia River basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

henriquei
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Fish described in 1918


Undead or Alive: A Zombedy is a 2007 Western comedy horror film directed by Glasgow Phillips, written by Phillips and Scott Pourroy, and starring Navi Rawat, Chris Kattan and James Denton. The film was later acquired by Image Entertainment, a deal that included both theatrical and home video rights.

Plot

Before his capture, Geronimo had cursed white men, causing people to become zombies. Later, at a house in a small town, a man named Ben Goodman (Brian Posehn) acts suspiciously. Ben proceeds to attack and eat his wife and daughter's brains.

Luke (Chris Kattan), a cowboy living in the town, plans to marry a saloon girl. On arriving at the saloon to propose to her, he encounters Elmer Winslow (James Denton), who has just arrived in town, and discovers that his "princess" is a prostitute. He picks a fight with Elmer until Sheriff Claypool (Matt Besser), who owns the saloon, jails them and steals $500 which Elmer is carrying. In the adjacent cell is Ben, awaiting his hanging the next morning. Elmer and Luke escape and lock Deputy Cletus (Chris Coppola) in the cell, where he is bitten by Ben.

Luke and Elmer find the sheriff and the prostitute having sex. They steal all the sheriff's money and make a getaway. When the sheriff releases Cletus from the cell he is bitten by him. The next morning hang Ben and assemble a posse to pursue the two fugitives.

Luke and Elmer are ambushed in their sleep by Sue (Navi Rawat), Geronimo's niece who was kidnapped and taken to New York to be educated and has now returned to take her revenge on the soldiers who killed her uncle. After a difficult start they become friends, despite Elmer revealing that he is an army deserter. Sheriff Claypool and Cletus, now zombies, attack the other members of the posse, who also become zombies. They are ambushed by Elmer, Luke and Sue, who realise they cannot be killed and flee.

Meanwhile, the townspeople cut Ben down from the gallows, not realising that hanging cannot "kill" him. He attacks the townspeople. The town's minister (Leslie Jordan) manages to escape by locking himself in an upstairs room at the saloon, now besieged by a horde of zombies. The following morning, he climbs out of the window to get water, but is pursued by zombies and bitten by the prostitute.

Elmer, Luke and Sue are captured by soldiers, former colleagues of Elmer's (his $500 is revealed to have been won from them while gambling), who take them to their fort on the edge of the Grand Canyon. There they discover that the posse has arrived first and turned all the garrison into zombies, who attack the party and also turn all the other soldiers into zombies. They discover they can kill the zombies by decapitation.

During the night, while hiding in the fort, Sue reveals that the only way to be cured of the zombie curse is to eat the living flesh of the medicine man who created the curse. They shoot several cookware objects out of a homemade blunderbuss at the sheriff and the zombies to no avail. Elmer tries to punch First Sergeant Kermit in the mouth, but gets bitten by him. After destroying most of the zombies by blowing up the magazine, he becomes a zombie and throws Cletus off the cliff, before biting Luke.

Sue kills Sheriff Claypool, but is then attacked by Elmer and Luke. The next scene shows Elmer and Luke looking normal again, after having eaten Sue's flesh. The "eating the living flesh" cure apparently also works for relatives of the person who created the curse. Sue apparently tasted like gingerbread. The duo ride off into the sunset as Cletus stands up and chases them.

An epilogue shows Ben digging up his family, now zombies themselves, from the cemetery and the three of them (with their dog) skipping into town.

Cast

 Chris Kattan as Luke
 James Denton as Elmer
 Lew Alexander as Geronimo
 Todd Anderson as Kermit
 Richard Barela as Drunk Zombie
 Matt Besser as Sheriff Claypool
 Brett Brock as Townsman 1
 Richard Bucher as Townsman
 Jeff Chase as Zombie
 Chris Coppola as Cletus
 Gino Crognale as General Store Owner
 Jeffrey J. Dashnaw as Townsman
 Scott Flick as Zombie Soldier
 Michelle Greathouse as Schoolmarm
 Patricia Greer as Saloon Girl
 Leslie Jordan as Padre
 Geoffrey C. Martin as Trap door zombie
 Keola Melhorn as Zombie
 Tracy Melhorn as Zombie
 Michael Patrick Metzdorff as Gunfighter Zombie / Union Soldier Zombie
 Cristin Michele as Kate
 Christopher Allen Nelson as The Captain
 T. Jay O'Brien as Farlow
 Brian Posehn as Ben
 Navi Rawat as Sue
 Chloe Russell as Ruby
 Elizabeth Slagsvol as Saloon Girl
 Russell Solberg as Townsman
 Mia Stallard as Anna
 Ben Zeller as Ebeneezer
 James Blackburn as Zombie soldier
 Brent Lambert as Zombie

Production
The film was shot in Santa Fe, New Mexico for Odd Lot Entertainment. Gary Jones created the make-up and masks for the film.

Release
The film premiered on March 15, 2007, as part of the South by Southwest Festival and was released on December 11, 2007, over Image Entertainment on DVD.

Soundtrack
The score was composed by Bulgarian music producer Ivan Koutikov.

Track list
 Hal Ozsan and Poets and Pornstars – Monkey
 Poets and Pornstars – Get your Kicks
 David Baker – Twists and Turns
 Three Bad Jacks – Crazy in the Head
 Slick Pelt – Cowboy Song
 Colin Blades – Best Friend
 Three Bad Jacks – Hellbound Train
 Terence Jay – Undead or Alive
 Slick Pelt – Danger
 Chris Gerolmo – I'm your Danger

References

External links

2007 films
2007 Western (genre) films
2000s Western (genre) comedy films
2000s Western (genre) horror films
2007 comedy horror films
American Western (genre) comedy films
American Western (genre) horror films
American comedy horror films
American zombie comedy films
Films about Native Americans
Cultural depictions of Geronimo
Films set in Arizona
Films shot in New Mexico
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
Films about curses
Uxoricide in fiction
Filicide in fiction


Farlowella isbruckeri is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it is found in the upper Paraguay River basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

isbruckeri
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Fish described in 1997
Taxa named by Michael Eugene Retzer
Taxa named by Lawrence M. Page


Farlowella jauruensis is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the upper Paraguay River basin.    This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

jauruensis
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Fish described in 1917


Farlowella knerii is a species of armored catfish endemic to Ecuador where it occurs in the Napo and Pastaza River basins.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

knerii
Fish of South America
Freshwater fish of Ecuador
Fish described in 1882


Farlowella mariaelenae is a species of armored catfish endemic to Venezuela where it is found in the Orinoco River basin and may occur in the coastal rivers draining into the Caribbean Sea.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

mariaelenae
Fish of Venezuela
Endemic fauna of Venezuela
Fish described in 1964


When World War II was declared in 1939, it had a negative effect on association football; competitions were suspended and players signed up to fight, resulting in the deaths of many players.

League football

Austria

The Republic of Austria had ceased to exist with the Anschluss in 1938 and the Austrian league had become a part of the German football league system, under the name of Gauliga Ostmark. League football resumed in a now independent Austria again in 1945.

England

The 1939–1940 season was the 65th season of competitive football in England. In September 1939, shortly after World War II was declared, most football competitions were abandoned as the country's attention turned to the war effort. Regional league competitions were set up instead as there was a 50 mile limit for travelling implemented by the government during this time. Appearances in these tournaments do not count in players' official records. A few leagues, such as the Northern League, did manage to complete a season, but more than half of the teams were unable to fulfil all their fixtures and resigned. Many footballers signed up to fight in the war and as a result many teams were depleted, and fielded guest players instead – Crystal Palace fielded 186 different players during the seven wartime seasons. The FA Cup was resumed for the 1945–46 season and The Football League for the 1946-47 season.

Germany

The 1939–40 season started in August 1939, but with the outbreak of the Second World War shortly after, league football was suspended. It only resumed at the end of October, with a number of local city-championships having been played to bridge the gap. As the war progressed, top-division football became more regionalised. It also expanded into occupied territories, some of them annexed into Greater Germany, increasing the number of tier-one Gauligas considerably from the original 16 in 1933. The last German championship was played in 1944 and won by Dresdner SC, but the last official league game was played as late as 23 April 1945, being the FC Bayern Munich versus TSV 1860 Munich derby in the Gauliga Oberbayern, ending 3–2. The final years of league football saw the rise of military teams, like LSV Hamburg, who reached the 1944 German championship final, since most top-players were drafted into the German armed forces and played for these sides. Representative teams like the Rote Jäger also had a number of German internationals playing for them.

With the end of the war, ethnic German football clubs in the parts of Germany that were awarded to Poland and the Soviet Union disappeared. Clubs like VfB Königsberg and Vorwärts-Rasensport Gleiwitz, who had successfully competed in the German championship on many occasions disappeared for good. In Czechoslovakia, where the ethnic German minority in the Sudetenland was forced to leave the country, clubs experienced the same fate. A few, like BSK Neugablonz, were reformed by these refugees in West Germany.

Some of the events of the war continued to affect German football. Within the first two weeks of the re-development of the Mercedes-Benz Arena in 2009, home of the VfB Stuttgart, 18 undetonated bombs left over from air raids on Stuttgart during the Second World War were found on the construction site. The stadium was originally built, like so many others in Germany, on rubble left over from the war.

Italy

The Italian Serie A continued to operate during the war, up until 1943. A regional championship was played in 1944, before resumption of the league in a limited form in 1945.

Scotland
The Scottish Football League and Scottish Cup were suspended in 1939, with unofficial regional competitions replacing them. These were dominated by Rangers, who won the 1939–40 Scottish War Emergency League and all of the six Southern League tournaments played, plus four of six Southern League Cups, the one-off Scottish War Emergency Cup in 1940, one of five Summer Cups and the one-off Victory Cup in 1946.

Switzerland
Football was affected less in World War II than it was during World War I.

International football

England

England played 29 unofficial wartime internationals between 11 November 1939 and 5 May 1945, 14 against Wales and 15 against Scotland.

Germany
With the outbreak of the Second World War, Germany did not cease to play internationals but was limited to neutral, axis and puppet states. Its first war international was held on 24 September 1939, a loss to Hungary in Budapest. Altogether, the country played 35 international games during the war, its last on 22 November 1942, against Slovakia.

Scotland

Scotland played 19 unofficial wartime internationals between 2 December 1939 and 24 August 1946, 17 against England and one each against Wales and Northern Ireland.

Wales

Wales played seventeen wartime unofficial matches for which the players were not awarded caps, and a further six matches in aid of war charities.

Football for morale
Football was seen as a morale booster during the horrors of World War II, for both soldiers and civilians. Tom Finney captained Army football teams, and organised friendly matches in Austria and Egypt.

Effects on footballers

Soldiers
Some players, such as Norman Corbett, have expressed the opinion that the War ruined their careers.

Many German players, drafted into the Wehrmacht, saw their careers shortened or interrupted. Fritz Walter, captain of the 1954 World Cup-winning team of Germany who made his debut for the country during the war in 1940, missed many years of his career due to serving in the military from 1942 and spending time as a POW after the war. Fritz Walter served as a paratrooper and also spent time in a Soviet labour camp.

Many German football clubs suffered heavy casualties from Hitler's war. An amateur club like SVO Germaringen saw ten of its eleven players that had won a local youth championship in 1940 not return from the battle fields. TSV 1860 Rosenheim had 170 of its club members drafted into military service, of those, 44 were killed in action and another 15 are missing. Those that did return found the clubs facilities completely destroyed by air raids on the town in October 1944 and April 1945. Rosenheim was on an important rail- and road intersection.

The Holocaust
A number of Jewish footballers were murdered during the Holocaust, and the Jewish association football scene, once very prominent and influential in international football, was destroyed. The Hungarian Jewish international footballer József Braun was murdered in a Nazi labor camp in 1943, and the Hungarian football manager Árpád Weisz was murdered at Auschwitz in 1944. Henrik Nádler was murdered in Buchenwald concentration camp. Julius Hirsch, the first Jewish player to represent the Germany national team, was murdered at Auschwitz, being legally declared dead in May 1945. Hirsch had served for four years in the German Army in the First World War, had been decorated with the Iron Cross and was a German patriot, unable and unwilling to believe that his life could be at risk.

However, some people also survived the concentration camps. Leo Goldstein survived the camps to become a FIFA international referee. Goldstein is also a member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame. Hungarian coach Alfréd Schaffer was interned at Dachau, and was liberated by the Allies. He died naturally in the nearby town of Prien am Chiemsee a few months later.

Collaborationism
Some footballers also collaborated with the Nazis. Alexandre Villaplane, who was captain of the French national side, worked actively with the Gestapo and eventually became a SS lieutenant. He was executed in December 1944. The Estonian international goalkeeper Evald Mikson was accused by the Simon Wiesenthal Center (in particular by Efraim Zuroff) of committing serious war crimes against Jews during the War, when he was working as Deputy Head of Police in Tallinn.

Decorated footballers
Scottish footballer Willie Thornton won the Military Medal, while German goalkeeper Bert Trautmann won a total of five medals, including an Iron Cross. English player Harry Goslin, who with the entire Bolton Wanderers team had enlisted as one just before the war, had received the Military Cross before he died of wounds in Italy.

Former players killed in action

See also
Association football during World War I
The Death Match

References

Association football
World War II
World War II


Farlowella martini is a species of armored catfish endemic to Venezuela where it occurs in the coastal rivers draining into the Caribbean Sea.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

martini
Fish of Venezuela
Endemic fauna of Venezuela
Fish described in 1972


Farlowella nattereri is a species of armored catfish of the family native to Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru.  It occurs in the upper Essequibo and Amazon basins.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

nattereri
Catfish of South America
Fish of Bolivia
Freshwater fish of Brazil
Freshwater fish of Colombia
Fish of Ecuador
Vertebrates of Guyana
Fish of Peru
Fish described in 1910


Farlowella odontotumulus is a species of armored catfish native to Ecuador and Venezuela.  In Ecuador it is found in the Aguarico River basin and in Venezuela it occurs in the Mavaca River basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

odontotumulus
Fish of South America
Fish of Ecuador
Fish of Venezuela
Fish described in 1997
Taxa named by Michael Eugene Retzer
Taxa named by Lawrence M. Page


Farlowella oxyrryncha is a species of armored catfish of the family native to Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela with questionable reports from Argentina.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

oxyrryncha
Fish of South America
Fish of Bolivia
Fish of Brazil
Fish of Ecuador
Fish of Peru
Fish of Venezuela
Fish described in 1853


Farlowella paraguayensis is a species of armored catfish native to Brazil and Paraguay where it occurs in the Paraguay River basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

This small catfish fish has a long snout and a narrow, long body that resembles a twig, hence the common name of twig catfish.

It is available for sale as an aquarium fish and is said to be a peaceful fish that eats vegetable matter.  It needs clean well oxygenated water and a sand and gravel bed. It requires warm water between 22 and 27 deg C.

This species of cat fish had been seen 4 times on camera since 2019-11-14

References

paraguayensis
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Fish of Paraguay
Fish described in 1997


Farlowella reticulata is a species of armored catfish native to French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

reticulata
Fish described in 1971
Fish of French Guiana
Vertebrates of Guyana
Fish of Suriname


Farlowella rugosa is a species of armored catfish native to French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

rugosa
Fish described in 1971
Fish of French Guiana
Vertebrates of Guyana
Fish of Suriname


Farlowella schreitmuelleri is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it is found in the lower Amazon basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

schreitmuelleri
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Fish described in 1937


Articles related to the field of motion pictures include:

0–9
180-degree rule –
3D film –
3Delight –
3D LUT –
3ds Max –
4-point lighting setup –
16 mm film –
35 mm film –
70 mm film –

A
Aa–Am

A and B editing –
A roll –
Aberration in optical settings –
Above-the-line –
Academy Awards –
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences –
Accelerated montage –
Achromatic doublet –
Acousmatic –
Acting –
Actinic light –
Action axis –
Actor –
Actress –
Actuality film –
Adobe After Effects –
Adobe Premiere Elements –
Adobe Premiere Pro –
AVS Video Converter –
AVS Video Editor –
Aerial image –
Aerial shot –
Aliasing –
Alliance Atlantis –
Alternate-frame sequencing –
Ambient light –
American Cinema Editors –
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists –
American Film Institute –
American Indian Film Festival –
American National Standards Institute –
American night –
American Society of Cinematographers –
American shot

An–Az

Anamorphic –
Angle of view –
Angle plus angle –
Angular resolution –
Animation –
Animation camera –
Animation director –
Animator –
Anime –
Answer print –
Anti-aliasing filter –
Apparatus theory –
Aperture –
A-Plot –
Arc lamp –
Arri –
Arri bayonet –
Arri PL –
Arri standard –
Arriflex D-20 –
Art department –
Art director –
Art film –
Artificial light –
ASA –
ASA speed rating –
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Audition –
Auteur theory –
Autoconform –
Autodesk –
Autoethnography –
Autofocus –
Automated dialogue replacement –
Available light –
Avar –
Avid Technology –
Axial cut –
Axis of action –

B
B roll –
Back light –
Backlot –
Background light –
Background lighting –
Bailin bracket –
Balloon light –
Barrel distortion –
Barn doors –
Bayer filter –
Beat (filmmaking) -
Below-the-line –
Best boy –
Beta movement –
Bigature –
Billing –
Bird's eye shot –
Black-and-white –
Blaxploitation –
Bleach bypass –
Blocking –
Bluescreen –
B-movie –
Body double –
Body makeup artist –
Bolex –
Bollywood –
Boom operator –
Boom shot –
Boomerang (lighting) –
Bounce board –
Breaking down the script –
Breathing (lens) –
Brightness (lighting) –
British Academy of Film and Television Arts –
British Board of Film Classification –
British Independent Film Awards –
British Film Institute –
Broadside (lighting) –
Bronson Canyon –
Burnt-in timecode –
Butterfly (lighting)

C
Ca–Cm

C-Stand –
Cahiers du cinéma –
Callier effect –
Cameo lighting –
Cameo role –
Cameo shot –
Camera angle –
Camera assistant –
Camera boom –
Camera crane –
Camera crew –
Camera Dolly –
Camera magazine –
Camera operator –
Camera shot –
Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood –
Candles per square foot –
Cannes Film Festival –
Casting Agent –
Casting –
Casting couch –
Catering –
Celluloid Closet –
Celluloid ceiling –
César Award –
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Character animation –
Charisma –
Chiaroscuro –
Choker shot –
Chroma key –
Chromatic aberration –
Chronophotography –
Cinelerra –
Cinema 16 –
CinemaDNG –
Cinemaphile –
CineMagic –
Cinemascope –
Cinematheque –
Cinematic techniques –
Cinematographer –
Cinematography –
Cinéma vérité –
Cineon –
CinePaint –
Cinerama –
Circle of confusion –
Circle-Vision 360 –
Clapperboard –
Clapper loader –
Close shot –
Close-up –
Closed captioning –
Closing credits

Cn–Cz

Cold open –
Color conversion filter –
Color corrected fluorescent light –
Color correction –
Color gel –
Color grading –
Color rendering index –
Color timer –
Colour-separation overlay –
Columbia Pictures –
Compositing –
Composition –
Computer-generated imagery –
Continuity –
Continuity editing –
Continuity clerk –
Cooke triplet lens –
Costume design –
Costume designer –
Costume drama –
Costume supervisor –
Costumer –
Crafts service –
Crane shot –
Crashbox –
Creative Artists Agency –
Creative geography –
Cross cutting –
Cross lighting –
Cross-dressing in film and television –
Cue (theatrical) –
Cult film –
Cutaway –
Cut in –
Cutting on action

D
Daily editor log –
Daily rushes –
Dance film –
Day for night –
Deadspot (lighting) –
Deep focus –
Depth of field –
Depth-of-field adapter –
Development –
Development hell –
Dialogue editor –
Dichroic lenses –
Diegetic sound –
Diffraction –
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Digital audio –
Digital audio tape recorder –
Digital audio workstation –
Digital cinema –
Digital Cinema Initiatives –
Digital cinematography –
Digital compositing –
Digital film –
Digital grading –
Digital image processing –
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Digital Light Processing –
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Digital Theatre System –
Digital video –
Digital Visual Interface –
Digital zoom –
Dimmer (lighting) –
Direct broadcast satellite –
Direct to Disk Recording –
Director (film) –
Director's cut –
Directors Guild of America –
Dissolve (film) –
DMX (lighting) –
Docudrama –
Documentary film –
Dolby Digital –
Dolly grip –
Dolly shot –
Dolly zoom –
Double-system recording –
Douser (lighting) –
DPX file format –
Drawn on film animation –
Dream sequence –
DreamWorks –
DreamWorks Animation –
Drug movies –
Dubbing –
Dutch angle –
DV –
DVD –
Dynamic composition –
Dykstraflex –

E

Eclair camera –
Edge code –
Edit decision list –
Editor's cut –
Effects light –
Electrotachyscope –
Ellipsoidal –
Ellipsoidal reflector spot light –
End credits –
Entertainment law –
Eroticism in film –
Establishing shot –
Evangelion shot –
Executive producer (motion picture) –
Experimental filmmaker –
Exposure latitude –
Expressionism (film) –
Extra –
Extreme close-up shot –
Extreme long shot –
Eye-level camera angle –
Eyepiece –

F
Fade-in –
Fade-out –
Fan film –
Fast cutting –
Fast motion –
Feminist film theory –
Field of view –
Fill light –
Film –
Film Academy –
Film colorization –
Film crew –
Film critic –
Film criticism –
Film director –
Film distributor –
Film editing –
Film editor –
Film festival –
Film format –
Film gate –
Film genre –
Film institutes –
Film leader –
Filmmaking –
Film modification –
Film noir –
Film-out –
Film plane –
Film preservation –
Film production –
Film producer –
Film punctuation –
Film rating systems –
Film recorder –
Film restoration –
Film scanner –
Film school –
Film score –
Film speed –
Film stock –
Film styles –
Film technique –
Film theory –
Film timing –
Film treatment –
Filming production roles –
Filmizing –
Filter (photography) –
Final cut privilege –
Final Cut Pro –
Fine cut –
First National Pictures –
Fisheye lens –
Flange focal distance –
Flashing arrow –
Flatbed editor –
Flicker fusion threshold –
F-number –
Focal length –
Focus (optics) –
Focus puller –
Focusing screen –
Foley artist –
Follow focus –
Follow shot –
Followspot light –
Forced perspective –
Foreshadowing –
Formalist film theory –
Found footage –
Fourth wall –
Frame –
Frame composition –
Frame rate –
Frazier lens –
Freeze frame shot –
French hours –
French Impressionist Cinema –
Fresnel lantern –
Fresnel lens –
F-stop –
Full frame –
Full shot

G
Gaffer –
Gaffer tape –
Garbage matte –
Genesis –
Genie Award –
Genres –
German Expressionism –
Gobo (lighting) –
Go motion –
Godspot effect –
Golden Globe Awards –
Greenlight –
Greensman –
Grip –

H
Hand-held camera –
Hard light –
Head-on shot –
Heterodiegetic –
High-angle shot –
High camera angle –
High Definition –
High-intensity discharge lamp –
High-key lighting –
High speed camera –
History of cinema –
Hollywood –
Hollywood accounting –
Hollywood cycles –
Hollywood North –
HandBrake –
The Hollywood Reporter –
Home video –
Horror film –
Hydrargyrum Medium-Arc Iodide lamp –
Hyperfocal distance –

I
IATSE –
Image processing –
IMAX –
iMovie –
In-camera effect –
Independent film –
Industrial Light and Magic –
Insert –
Intellectual montage –
Intelligent lighting –
Interlace –
Intermittent mechanism –
Internet Movie Database –
Interruptible foldback –
Intertitle –
Iris-in/ Iris-out –
Iso-elastic –
Italian neorealism –

J
Jaggies –
Jib –
Jump cut –
Juxtaposition (editing) –

K
Key costumer –
Key grip –
Key light –
Keying (graphics) –
Keykode –
Kinemacolor –
Kinetoscope –
Kino-Pravda –
Kinopanorama –
Klieg light –
Kodak Theatre –
Kuleshov Effect –

L
L cut (split edit) –
LCD shutter glasses –
Lead space –
Lekolite –
Lens –
Lens flare –
Lens hood –
Letterboxing –
Light meter –
Light reflector –
Lighting technician –
Lighting –
Lighting control console –
Lighting design –
LightWave –
Lightworks –
Limato, Ed –
Line producer –
Linear filter –
Linear timecode –
Linear video editing –
Lip flap –
Lipstick camera –
Live soundtrack –
Location –
Location manager –
Location scouting –
Location shooting –
Log line –
Long shot –
Long take –
Low-angle shot –
Low-key lighting –
Lucasfilm –
Lucasfilm Animation –
Lumapanel –
Luminaire

M
Machinima –
Magic lantern –
Make-up artist –
Make-up call –
Marxist film theory –
Master shot –
Match cut –
Match moving –
Matte –
Maya –
Medieval film –
Medium shot –
Medium-long shot –
Method acting –
Method filmmaking –
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer –
Microphone –
Microphone boom –
Mid shot –
MIDI timecode –
Mini35 –
Mise en scene –
Mixing console –
Mockumentary –
Montage –
Mood lighting –
Motion blur –
Motion capture –
Motion picture –
Motion Picture Association –
Motion Picture Association – Canada –
Motion picture camera –
Motion picture continuity –
Motion picture distribution –
Motion picture editing –
Motion picture lighting –
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Motion picture terminology –
Movie projector –
Movie star –
Movie studio –
Movie theater –
Movies Filmed in Harlem –
Movietone sound system –
Moving light –
Moviola –
MPAA film rating system –
Multicamera setup –
Multiplane camera –
Music editor –
Music supervisor –
Musical film

N
Narrative film –
Narrativity –
National Association of Theatre Owners –
National Film Board of Canada –
National Film Preservation Board –
National Film Registry –
National Media Museum –
Negative cutting –
Negative pickup deal –
Neo-noir –
Neorealism –
New Queer Cinema –
Newsreel –
Nickelodeon movie theater –
Night for day –
Night for night –
Nitrocellulose –
Noise reduction –
Non-diegetic insert –
Non-linear editing –
Normal lens –

O
Oblique camera angle –
Offline editing –
Oktoskop –
On Location –
One-light –
Online editing –
OpenEXR –
Open content film –
Opening credits –
Optical composition –
Optical effects –
Optical printer –
Optical zoom –
Original camera negative –
Orphan film –
Outtake

P
The Paley Center for Media –
Pan and scan –
Pan shot –
Panavision –
Panchromatic –
PAR light –
Paramount Pictures –
Performance capture –
Persistence of vision –
Perspective distortion –
Phi phenomenon –
Photographic film –
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Photometry –
Pinnacle Liquid Edition –
Pinnacle Studio –
Pincushion distortion –
Pinscreen animation –
Pitch –
Pixar –
Pixilation –
Plot development (motion picture) –
Point of view shot –
Political Cinema –
Pool hall lighting –
Pop filter –
Pornographic movie –
Post-production –
PowerAnimator –
Practical effects –
Practical lighting –
Praxinoscope –
Premium Picture Productions –
Pre-production –
Principal photography –
Producer –
Producers Guild of America –
Production assistant –
Production Code –
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Production designer –
Production sound mixer –
Production values –
Progressive scan –
Proof of concept –
Propaganda film –
Prop –
Property master –
Psychoanalytic film theory –
Publicist –
PV mount –

R
Rack focus –
Raster image –
Reaction shot –
Read-through –
Re-can –
Recording mixer –
Redress –
Reflected light –
Refractive index –
Reframing –
Remake –
Rembrandt lighting –
Rendering –
Re-recording mixer –
Retrofocus –
Reversal film –
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RGB color model –
Rig –
Rostrum camera –
Rotary disc shutter –
Rotoscoping –
Rough cut –
Rule of thirds –
Runaway production –
Rushes –
Rushes log

S
Sa–Sm

Scene axis –
Scene lighting –
Scoop lights –
Screen Actors Guild –
Screen direction –
Screen test –
Screenplay –
Screenplay slug line –
Screenwriter –
Screenwriting –
Screenwriting software –
Screenwriting credit –
Screwball comedy film –
Scrim (lighting) –
Script –
Script breakdown –
Script doctor –
Script Supervisor –
Second unit –
Secondary animation –
Sellmeier equation –
Sequence (filming) –
Sequence shot –
Serial –
Set (film and TV scenery) –
Set construction –
Set costumer –
Set decorator –
Set dresser –
Shake (software) –
Shallow focus –
Shaw Brothers Studio –
Shooting ratio –
Shooting script –
Short end –
Short film –
Shot (filming) –
Shot reverse shot –
Shutter angle –
Shutter speed –
Silent film –
Simultaneous release –
Single camera setup –
Skywalker Sound –
Slit-scan –
Slow cutting –
Slow motion –
SMPTE –
SMPTE color bars –
SMPTE time code

Sn–Sz

Snoot (lighting) –
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers –
Soft light –
Sony Pictures –
Sony Vegas –
Sound designer –
Sound dissolve –
Sound editor –
Sound effects –
Sound effects editor –
Sound engineer –
Sound mix –
Sound recording –
Sound stage –
Soundtrack –
Soviet movies of the year by ticket sales –
Star Wars –
Special effects –
Specular light –
Split screen –
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Spydercam –
Stage combat –
Stage lighting –
Stage lighting instrument –
Stand-in –
Standoff –
Step outline –
Stereoscopy –
Stock footage –
Stop motion –
Stop trick –
Striplight –
Strobing effect –
Structuralist film theory –
Stunt work –
Stuntmen's Association of Motion Pictures –
Subjective camera angle –
Subtitle –
Sundance Institute –
Sungun lamp –
Superimpose –
Surround sound –
Suspension of disbelief –
Swing gang –
Sync-coding –
Synchronizer –
Sync sound –

T
Talkies –
Talking head –
Tally light –
Technical achievement –
Technicolor –
Technirama –
Techniscope –
Telecine –
Teleconverter –
Telerecording –
Television movie –
Tessar formula –
Test screening –
Three-point lighting –
Tight shot –
Tilt –
Time-lapse –
Title sequence –
Top grossing movie –
Top-grossing movies in the United States –
Toronto International Film Festival –
Tracking shot –
Trailer –
Transgender in film and television –
Transition focus –
Transitional effect –
Treatment –
Trilogy –
Trucking shot –
Tungsten fresnel light –
Tungsten open face light –
Two-shot –

U
Undercranking –
Universal Studios –
Utilitarian lighting –
Utility sound technician –

V

Varicam –
Variety –
Venice Film Festival –
Vertical interval timecode –
Video –
Video assist –
Video tap –
Viewfinder –
Vignetting –
Vinegar syndrome –
Virtual camera –
VistaVision –
Visual effects –
Vitascope –
Voice actor –
Voice director

W
Walla –
Walt Disney Company –
Wardrobe attendant –
Wardrobe design –
Wardrobe designer –
Warner Brothers –
WGA screenwriting credit system –
Wide-angle lens –
Widelux –
Widescreen –
Wipe –
Wire frame model –
Wire removal –
Wireless microphone –
Women's Cinema –
Workprint –
Writers Guild of America –

X
Xenon arc lamp –
Xenon flash lamp –
X-rated –

Z
Zeiss Tessar lens –
Zen filmmaking –
Zoetrope –
Zoom lens –
Zoopraxiscope –

See also
 Outline of film

Film-related lists


Farlowella smithi is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it is found in the middle Madeira River basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

smithi
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Fish described in 1913


Farlowella taphorni is a species of armored catfish endemic to Venezuela where it is found in the Torondoy River basin in the Lake Maracaibo drainage.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

taphorni
Fish of Venezuela
Endemic fauna of Venezuela
Fish described in 1997
Taxa named by Lawrence M. Page


Farlowella venezuelensis is a species of armored catfish endemic to Venezuela where it is found in the Guarapiche River basin and the lower Orinoco River basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

venezuelensis
Fish of Venezuela
Endemic fauna of Venezuela
Fish described in 1964


Farlowella vittata is a species of armored catfish native to the Orinoco River basin of Colombia and Venezuela.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

Breeding

The female lays the eggs on a surface during the night and the male fertilizes them. The male then stays near the eggs to protect them from predators to and ensure fungus does not grow on the eggs. By day 3 the fry can be seen moving within the eggs and by day 5 the fry are clearly visible as fish.

By day 6 the eggs start to hatch and all have hatched by day 9. The fry are very small, and because this catfish is a limnovore, in an aquarium the fry need a well planted set up in order to get the amount of algae needed for survival and growth.

References

vittata
Freshwater fish of Colombia
Fish of Venezuela
Fish described in 1942


The 2nd Army () was a World War I and World War II field army of the Royal Italian Army.

World War I

Commanders
General Pietro Frugoni      (May 1915 - June 1916)
General Settimio Piacentini (July 1916 - June 1917)
General Luigi Capello       (June 1917 - October 1917)
General Luca Montuori, ad interim (October 1917)
General Luigi Capello       (October - November 1917)

World War II
During World War II the 2nd Army was the Italian (Complex Major) Great Unit charged, from 1940 to 1943, of the activities of control and garrison of the occupied or annexed territories of the former Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

2nd Army ORBAT, depending units:

 "Comando Superiore Forze Armate (FF.AA.) di Slovenia e Dalmazia" - "Supersloda"
 V Corps, in Lika
 VI Corps, in Herzegovina
 XI Corps, in Southern Dalmatia and Herzegovina
 XVIII Corps, from 18 February 1942; General Quirino Armellini then Umberto Spigo around Zara and Spalato responsible for the territories from Graciaz to the Narenta river
 Comando Truppe Montenegro: XIV Corps, in Montenegro (a functionally dependent Command and Great Unit but not a constituent part of the 2nd Army)

Initially 250,000 men strong in 15 divisions, the 4 immediately dependent Corps were then reduced to 230,000 men in 13 divisions. The 2nd Army was a second line force with most of the men in their late 30s and early 40s, the only really largely combat ready and effective (Simple Major) Great Unit was the assigned component of the Alpine Division Julia only partially deployed in the yugoslav theatre of operations as a whole unit.
After the armistice of Cassibile on September 8, 1943, and the announcement by Italy of war on Germany, all activities ceased and the 2nd Army was dissolved in Mali Lošinj on 11 September.
Parts of the 2nd Italian army were withdrawn into the mountains of Dalmatia and joined the Yugoslav Partisans, under command of Josip Broz Tito, which formed the Italian Partisan Division "Garibaldi". Other parts of the 2nd Army also keep fighting against the Germans along with the Yugoslav partisans in Division Italia (Yugoslavia), during 1944–1945. They helped the Soviet and  Bulgarian army fighting against the German army in Croatia, Hungary and Austria.

Commanders
 General Vittorio Ambrosio (December 10, 1938 – January 20, 1942)
 General Mario Roatta (January 20, 1942 – February 5, 1943)
 General Mario Robotti (February 5, 1943 – September 8, 1943)

See also
 V.A.C.

Footnotes

Field armies of Italy in World War I
Field armies of Italy in World War II
Yugoslavia in World War II


Valton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arvo Valton (born 1935), Estonian writer
Edmond Eugène Valton (1836–1910), French artist
Jules Valton (1867–unknown), French sailor

See also
Valton, Wisconsin, unincorporated community in the United States


John Kenny is the name of:
 John Kenny (trombonist) (born 1957), British trombonist and composer
 John Martin Kenny (died 1918), Australian superintendent
 John V. Kenny (1893–1975), Mayor of Jersey City (1949–1953)
 John Patrick Kenny (born 1942), British entrepreneur
 John Kenny (cricketer) (1883-1937), New Zealand cricketer
 John Kenny (politician) (1889–1978), Australian politician
 John Kenny (rugby league), English rugby league footballer
 John Kenny (Clan-na-Gael) (1847–1924), Irish republican
 Johnjo Kenny (John Kenny, John Jo Kenny) (born 1961), Scottish and Irish curler and coach

See also
 Jon Kenny (born 1957), Irish comedian
 John Kenney (disambiguation)
 Jack Kenny (born 1958), American writer


The Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan.  Earning varsity status in 1922, the program has competed in 100 seasons.  Between 1959 and 1981, the team competed in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) before joining the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA) until the 2012–13 season. Since the 2013–14 season, the Wolverines have competed in the Big Ten, which began sponsoring hockey.

Michigan has had many successes as a program including a record-setting number of championships, total championship tournament appearances, and consecutive tournament appearances. From 1991 to 2012, the team played in 22 consecutive NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournaments, an NCAA record. The Wolverines have won an NCAA record-tying nine Division I NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championships, seven of which came during a 17-year stretch between 1948 and 1964. Two more championships were won under head coach Red Berenson in 1996 and 1998. The Wolverines are tied with the Denver Pioneers for the most all-time NCAA National Hockey Championships with nine (1948, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1964, 1996, 1998).

Players from the program have earned numerous honors, professional championships, international championships, individual statistical championships, team and individual records.  The most recent head coach was Mel Pearson, a former assistant to coach Red Berenson who retired in 2017 after leading the program for 33 years. Berenson for nearly 50 years has continued to hold the school single-season goal scoring record, and was the second player in the program's history to win the Stanley Cup.  The program has dozens of National Hockey League alumni and over twenty current players. They currently hold the record for the most titles at the Great Lakes Invitational  with 17 titles respectively. Their traditional rival is Michigan State and the teams have played an annual game in Detroit since 1990, first at Joe Louis Arena but currently at Little Caesars Arena since 2018.

In 2010, Michigan hosted a Guinness verified world record crowd in excess of 113,000 in an event known as The Big Chill.

Team history

Early history

In 1920, "as a result of the interest in the interclass and interfraternity leagues, in which twenty-two teams took part", an informal Michigan hockey team was organized to represent the university.  Mr. Le Mieux of the Engineering faculty had played 12 years of professional hockey and offered his services as coach.  Because of the difficulty in securing intercollegiate competition, the 1920 team played a six-game schedule against an Ann Arbor team, Assumption College, and four games against teams from the Detroit Hockey League.  The 1920 Michigan team, with Russell Barkell as the team's high scorer, compiled a 6–0 record and outscored opponents 27 to 7. In February 1920, The Michigan Alumnus noted: "There is a big sentiment for a Varsity hockey team.  The difficulties are the lack of a University rink, and the arranging of suitable competition."  In April 1920, The Michigan Chimes wrote:"The record of our informal hockey team which was organized at the close of the January interclass sports, has been truly remarkable.  With only two weeks of practice, it has defeated the three strongest Detroit teams.  ... Unfortunately this one team of ours which seems able to win, and shows possibilities of great development has not as yet been recognized as a regular team."
Later, The Michigan Chimes published a lengthy article pleading for the administration to recognize hockey as a varsity sport: "Agitation was started for the recognition of hockey as a varsity sport. What spell, what charm there is in that single appellation bestowed by custom on football, baseball, track, and recently basketball!  What obstacles must be overcome, what sacrifices made, to attain the heights!"

With the success of the informal Michigan hockey team in 1920, Michigan moved forward with the development of the hockey team. According to Wilfred Byron Shaw's four-volume history of the University of Michigan, "Hockey also had its beginning in 1921, with Joseph Barss as Coach (1921–26). Although officially not on the Western Conference athletic program, hockey provided a number of Big Ten teams with competition." The 1921 season saw the development of intercollegiate hockey at Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In January 1921, Michigan and Wisconsin scheduled four games to be played on consecutive weekends from February 18 to 26, 1921. The 1921 team began the season with two games against the Michigan College of Mines at Houghton, Michigan.  Michigan lost the first game 3–0 but won the second game 4–3. Russell Barkell, the first standout hockey player at Michigan, was the Michigan star in both games against the College of Mines.  However, the remainder of the season, including the planned four-game series with Wisconsin, was cancelled due to warm weather.  The Michigan Alumnus reported in March 1921: "The warmth of the present winter has made necessary the cancelling of all scheduled hockey games.  The informal team had started off well, but lack of ice made the development of a really powerful team impossible."

In December 1921, The Michigan Alumnus wrote: "There will be much pushing of the puck this year.  The Athletic Association hopes to have more money to spend for Michigan skaters, and plans to encourage hockey more than ever before. We used to spend our time 'doing the grapevine,' but only because we were not fast enough for shinny.  More power to the shinny artists."

Over the course of a 10-game schedule, Michigan's 1922 squad finished with a record of 5–5.  The team opened the 1922 season with a 5–1 victory over Michigan Agricultural College (now known as Michigan State University) in the first hockey match between the rival schools.  They followed with a 3–2 overtime victory over the Detroit Rayls on January 16, 1922.  Later that month, the Notre Dame hockey team defeated Michigan 3–2 in overtime, marking the first defeat for the Michigan hockey team on its home rink in three years.   The team traveled to Houghton for night games against the Michigan School of Mines, losing both games by scores of 2–1 and 5–2.  The Wolverines beat the School of Mines 4–1 in a rematch in Ann Arbor.  In the season's seventh game, Michigan defeated Wisconsin 6–3 in the first match between Western Conference hockey teams.  Following another loss to Notre Dame (7–2), Michigan defeated Wisconsin for the second time by a score of 5–1; Barkell scored three goals against Wisconsin and was the high scorer in the game.  The season ended with a 5–2 victory over the Windsor Monarchs.

In March 1922, The Michigan Alumnus reported that athletic director Fielding H. Yost had stated that recognition of hockey as a minor sport was very probable in 1923.  Yost expressed the view that the sport should be either intramural or intercollegiate and not an informal sport.  The same article noted that Michigan's hockey team had already met Notre Dame, Michigan School of Mines, Michigan Agricultural College and many Detroit teams.

According to Bacon's history of the Michigan hockey program, the first "official" college hockey game played west of the Alleghenies was a game between Michigan and Wisconsin, played on January 12, 1923, in Ann Arbor, Michigan.  The game went into overtime with Michigan prevailing by a score of 2–1. The Capital Times in Madison reported on the game as follows: "Michigan counted the first point, when Kahn, by clever work, rushed the ball through the Badger defense for a goal.  In the second period Blodgett for Wisconsin tied the score. The first five-minute period of overtime found both teams battling desperately.  The second five minutes was a repetition. The Wolverines seemed held on from the side, slipped the puck through the goal for the winning point." In another account, the Madison newspaper wrote that, "after outplaying Michigan all the way through, Wisconsin lost in the second overtime period when a lucky shot went for a goal." Michigan again defeated Wisconsin 1–0 in the second game of the season, played the following day, January 13, 1923.

Barss coached the Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey team from 1922 to 1927.  In five years as the head coach, the Michigan hockey team compiled a record of 26–21–4.

As the popularity of college hockey grew in the early 1920s, other colleges looked to Barss' pupils for coaching candidates.  In January 1923, former Michigan hockey star Russell Barkell was hired as the coach of the hockey team at Williams College.

In February 1924, after a 3–0 victory by Michigan over Wisconsin, a Madison newspaper praised the defensive play of the Barss-coached Wolverines: "With an almost air-tight defense and a definite scoring attack the Michigan hockey team defeated the Badger six by a score of 3–0 yesterday afternoon.  Wisconsin could not stop Michigan's fast team work and was unable to penetrate their defense to take any close shots at the goal."

In mid-1925, the university purchased the former Weinberg Coliseum, a local ice skating rink that had served as the unofficial home of the Wolverines hockey team since 1920. The facility, which had previously relied on winter weather to maintain its ice, was renovated to add artificial coolant to guarantee its playing surface year-round. The Michigan Coliseum would remain home to the Wolverines until the opening of Yost Ice Arena in 1973.

Vic Heyliger era
From 1947–48 through 1956–57, when Vic Heyliger retired, the Michigan hockey team had won 195 games, lost only 41, and tied 11. The Wolverines' record got them 10 consecutive invitations to the Frozen Four, where they came home with the national title six times-records that have never been in danger of being broken by any college team a half century later. This also helped shift the locus of power in hockey from the East to the West when it was previously thought to be the other way around. Led by Michigan, the West won 18 of the first 20 NCAA championships, setting the question rather emphatically. The run also ensured the team its place on campus for years to come, filling a hole created by the football and basketball teams' mediocrity during the fifties.

Of Michigan's 53 players who have earned All-American status, almost half (24) played for Heyliger between 1948 and 1957. During that stretch he never had fewer than two players on the All-American team. Four times he had five players so honored, and in 1956 he had a record six players on the squad. In Michigan history, twelve Wolverines have won it twice or more. Heyliger coached nine of them and recruited the tenth, Bob White. No other school has ever amassed and developed such a mother lode of talent in the history of college hockey.

For all of this Heyliger was given the NCAA's Spencer Penrose Award for Coach of the Year, he was inducted into the U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame, and he was selected in 1996 by the American Hockey Coaches Association as one of the five best college coaches of the century, and the very best of the first half. In 1980 he became the first hockey coach to be inducted into the University of Michigan's Hall of Honor. Heyliger's severe asthma forced him to leave the team and Ann Arbor in the summer of 1957. His impact on the Michigan program, the NCAA tournament, the WCHA, and college hockey would be hard to overstate.

Al Renfrew era
Through Heyliger's tenure, athletic director Fritz Crisler had seen the virtue of having a Michigan man head the hockey program. When it came time for Crisler to conduct his second search for a hockey coach, therefore, he sought out Al Renfrew, an affable man who had captained the 1948–49 Wolverine squad and had already been coaching college hockey for six years.

At the end of Renfrew's first season in Grand Forks, Heyliger stepped down from the Michigan job and told Renfrew to put his name in for it. Renfrew wrote Fritz Crisler a letter in March indicating his interest, but Crisler didn't respond for over a month. Renfrew had already concluded he was out of the running when Crisler called to offer him the job. His decision should have been harder than it was. He had built a great team at North Dakota, and the players he recruited won the national title two years after he left, but he was too excited to be back in Ann Arbor.

Renfrew inherited a team that had gone 18–5–2 and finished one victory short of its third consecutive NCAA title in 1956–57—and then Renfrew promptly suffered Michigan's first losing season since World War II. His skaters finished 8–13 in 1957–58, his first year, and 8–13–1 his second. But Renfrew wasn't worried-he knew he had a secret weapon coming in.

From 1958 to 1964, some 14 players made the trek from Regina, Saskatchewan to Ann Arbor, including one Red Berenson. While still in high school, Berenson had already become a highly touted major junior player, one good enough to join the Montreal Canadiens system straight out of high school, but he had other ideas. A serious student, Berenson became aware of the world of American college hockey when Regina Pats high-profile coach Murray Armstrong went south of the border in 1956 to accept the head coaching job at University of Denver. Berenson visited North Dakota in 1958 and was favorably impressed at the caliber of players the former coach, a man named Al Renfrew, had lured to Grand Forks before Ranfrew returned to Michigan the year before. But soon after Berenson's visit to North Dakota, Dale MacDonald, a Saskatchewan native playing for Renfrew at Michigan, told his coach that Berenson was the rare player worth going out of his way to get. Renfrew scraped together enough money to fly the young phenom to Michigan, thereby making him the first hockey player ever to receive a free recruiting trip to Ann Arbor. The extra effort was worth it, for both parties. Once he was on campus, they didn't have to sell him on it. "After I came down on a visit", Berenson confirms, "I came back and told the other guys. "This is where we're going." And just like that, a pipeline of hockey talent was created between Regina and Ann Arbor.

Berenson's decision, at least, came with a price. Frank Selke, the Montreal GM who had drafted Berenson, warned him that if he went to an America college he would never become a pro. Fully aware he might be sacrificing the dream of every Canadian boy to play in the NHL-and for the Montreal Canadiens, no less—Berenson didn't flinch. After sitting out his first year, which the NCAA required of all freshmen at that time, Berenson suited up for his first game on February 5, 1960, against Minnesota. He scored 90 seconds into his first game, assisted on another goal five minutes later and scored a third later in the game. Everyone in the building that night had just seen the future of Michigan hockey, and it looked bright.

Renfrew notched his first winning season and his first league playoff berth in the 1960–61 season. The following season, the Berenson-captained squad didn't lose a game through New Year's, and finished the regular season with a 20–3 mark. As expected, the Wolverines received their first NCAA bid under Renfrew that spring. Michigan was a slight favorite entering the 1962 NCAA Tournament in Utica, New York, but were upset by Clarkson 5–4 in the semifinal. In a life with few regrets, the game against Clarkson ranks near the top for Berenson. "We should've won it", he said. "We were destined to meet Michigan Tech in the finals, but got knocked off by and underdog-Clarkson-back when eastern teams weren't that good. You don't get too many chances to win it all as a player. At the time it doesn't seem so important, but 10 years, 20 years later, you ask yourself: "Why the hell didn't we do that?" After scoring his school record-tying 43rd goal against St. Lawrence in the consolation game, Berenson caught a ride to Boston, where he played for the Canadiens the next night, making him the first player to jump directly from college to the NHL.

The 1964 squad returned its two leading scorers from the previous season, Gary Butler and Gordon Wilkie, both ex-Pats, who had combined for 79 points in just 24 games the previous season. They played better than expected, combining for a remarkable 135 points in just 29 games-both players finished just shy of Berenson's single-season record of 70 points. Rookie Wilf Martin added an unexpected 58 points. Mel Wakabayashi, all 5'5" of him, join the team in January 1964, centering Rob Coristine and Bob Ferguson on the third line. The trio added 107 points, which would have made them the top-scoring line the previous season. Added it all up and you had the first Michigan team to score more than 200 goals in a season, averaging a prolific 7.5 goals per game. Thanks largely to the scoring streak, this unheralded but determined bunch beat every opponent at least once en route to a 24–2–1 record, winning more games than any team in Michigan history. At the 1964 Frozen Four, Denver took care of Rensselaer, 4–1, while Michigan survived a close game with Providence, 3–2. For the final game, 7,000 Pioneer fans packed the Denver Arena to watch their team battle for its fourth NCAA title in seven years. The underdog Wolverines beat Denver, 6–3, in the Bulldogs' backyard, winning their seventh national championship. It was the last hurrah for the Regina regiment, a group of some 14 players who came to Ann Arbor between 1958 and 1964. "This is the place", Berenson told them, and they followed.

Transition to Yost Arena and the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA)
Renfrew retired as head coach following the 1972–73 season. He was succeeded by Dan Farrell, a former assistant coach at Michigan Tech (where Renfrew had previously coached). Farrell's first season was also the team's first at their new home in the converted Fielding H. Yost Field House, now known as Yost Ice Arena. Farrell guided the Wolverines to the 1977 NCAA championship game at Olympia Stadium, losing to the Wisconsin Badgers by a score of 6–5. Farrell's teams would be unable to duplicate that success, and he stepped down at the end of the 1979–80 season.

Wilf Martin returned to his alma mater to serve as head coach, but only lasted two games into the 1980–81 season before he was forced to step down for health reasons. Assistant coach John Giordano took over for the rest of the season. In 1981, Giordano's Wolverines moved from the WCHA to the CCHA, joining fellow Big Ten rival schools Michigan State (which also jumped from the WCHA) and Ohio State (a founding member of the CCHA), as well as football rival Notre Dame. It was hoped that the change in conferences would help the Wolverines compete, but Michigan followed up a first-round conference tournament loss to the Irish with back-to-back ninth-place finishes. In the spring of 1984 Giordano's team mutinied when all 22 players signed a list of grievances. With the entire team behind the revolt, athletic director Don Canham was left with little choice but to relieve Giordano of his duties.

Red Berenson era
After a lengthy playing career in the NHL and a stint as head coach of the St. Louis Blues (where he won the Jack Adams Award) and a term as an assistant to Scotty Bowman in Buffalo, Red Berenson returned to his alma mater in 1984 to take over the reins. Berenson's teams faced a stiff rival in Ron Mason's Spartans, who dominated the CCHA in the mid-80s and won the 1986 NCAA championship. Prior to the 1989 CCHA playoffs, Berenson had the Wolverines adopt the winged helmet design associated with the football team.

After several years of rebuilding the Wolverines finally won a CCHA playoff series in 1990 and returned to the NCAA tournament for the first time in 14 years the following season. That appearance was the first of a record 22 consecutive berths, including 11 Frozen Four appearances and three appearances in the title game, winning the championship in 1996 and 1998. Along the way Berenson's teams won 11 CCHA titles, 9 CCHA Tournaments and produced 11 30+ win seasons including a record 8 consecutive from 1991 through 1998. Two of Berenson's players won the Hobey Baker Award, Brendan Morrison (1997) and Kevin Porter while Marty Turco (127) and Steve Shields (111) became the 1st- and 2nd-winningest goaltenders in NCAA history.

The 1996 Frozen Four run is most notable for forward Mike Legg's goal in the regional semi-final against Minnesota at Munn Ice Arena in East Lansing. Legg picked up the puck behind the net with the toe of his stick, cradled it on the blade, and tucked it into the top corner all in one motion. The highlight-reel goal has become one of the most famous in the history of hockey worldwide and has been mimicked by many a player. While it goes by other names (Europeans call it an "airhook", while it has also been called a "Svech", after Carolina Hurricanes forward Andrei Svechnikov who was the first to score such a goal in the NHL), most hockey players and fans call this move a Michigan goal or "The Michigan".

The streak was broken in the final season of the CCHA, when the team failed to get an invite after losing the conference championship to Notre Dame. Berenson's final trip to the NCAA tournament came in 2016, which was also his last conference championship (this time in the Big Ten). Berenson announced his retirement on April 10, 2017.

Mel Pearson era
On April 24, 2017, Mel Pearson was announced as the new head coach at the University of Michigan. In his first season the team went 22-15-3 overall, 11-10-3 in Big Ten play. They reached the 2018 Big Ten Men's Ice Hockey Tournament but lost to Ohio State (3-2) in overtime. Nevertheless, the team qualified for the NCAA Tournament and went to the Frozen Four before losing to Notre Dame (4-3) on a last-second goal.

During the 2021 NHL Entry Draft, Michigan became the first school in NCAA Division I history to have three teammates drafted in the first round of the NHL Draft. Owen Power was drafted first overall by the Buffalo Sabres, Matty Beniers was drafted second overall by the Seattle Kraken, and Kent Johnson was drafted fifth overall by the Columbus Blue Jackets. Michigan also became the first program to have teammates drafted first and second overall in the same NHL Draft for the first time since 1969. With Beniers being picked by Seattle, Michigan became the first collegiate team to have a player drafted by all 32 NHL franchises. Incoming freshman recruits Luke Hughes was drafted fourth overall by the New Jersey Devils and Mackie Samoskevich was drafted 24th overall by the Florida Panthers. Michigan became the first program to have five players/recruits selected in the first round of one draft.

On August 5, 2022, it was announced Pearson was relieved of his duties.

Conferences
Conference affiliation since 1951
Midwest Collegiate Hockey League (1951–53)
Western Intercollegiate Hockey League (1953–58)
Big Ten Conference (1958–81)
Western Collegiate Hockey Association (1959–81)
Central Collegiate Hockey Association (1981–2013)
Big Ten Conference (2013–present)

NCAA National championships

Conference Regular-Season Championships

Conference Tournament championships

Season-by-season results

Records by opponent

Big Ten Conference opponents

Former CCHA opponents

Major non-conference opponents

Source:

Coaches

Current coaching staff
As of August 23, 2022

All-time coaching records
As of the end of the 2022–23 season

^ Martin coached the first two games of the 1980–81 season before Giordano took over the coaching duties.

Outdoor games

Statistical leaders

Career points leaders

Career goaltending leaders

GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average

Minimum 1,000 minutes

Statistics current through the start of the 2020–21 season.

Arena

Built in 1923 as a field house, the facility is named in honor of Michigan's legendary football coach and athletic director, Fielding H. Yost. For many years, it housed the Michigan basketball team, until they relocated to the larger Crisler Arena in 1967. It also housed the track teams in the 1950s. In 1973, it was converted into an ice arena, and the Michigan hockey team has used it ever since. The University of Michigan's Senior and Collegiate synchronized skating and freestyle teams also practice at Yost. In addition, local high school teams, recreational leagues (AAAHA) and the university's intramural hockey league call it home.

The arena is one of the most unusual in college hockey not only because it retains the charm of an old barn, but also offers the amenities of the most modern of arenas. It has served as home of Michigan hockey since 1973–74, and over 3 million fans have helped make it one of the most exciting and intimidating venues in college hockey. The atmosphere has helped the Wolverines on the ice significantly, accumulating more than 450 victories at home.

Yost Ice Arena has hosted NCAA Ice Hockey Tournament games five times in its history, most recently in 2003.

The Children of Yost
The Children of Yost is the official student section for Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey.

Rivalries

Michigan State

Michigan and Michigan State first played each other in 1922. Michigan and Michigan State began playing a neutral site game in Detroit once a year in the "Duel in the D" series in which Michigan leads the series 19–11–5. Michigan leads the all-time series between the teams, 175–138–24.

Notre Dame

Michigan and Notre Dame first played each other in 1923. Michigan leads the all-time series between the teams, 83–67–5.

Players

Current roster
As of October 24, 2023.

Michigan has had numerous players recognized with prestigious awards and honors.  The following is a summary of some of the other standout Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey players.

U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame
The following individuals have been inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame.

Vic Heyliger (1974)
Willard Ikola (1990)
John Matchefts (1991)
Wally Grant (1994)
John MacInnes (2007)
Red Berenson (2018)

Hobey Baker Award winners
The following players have been awarded the Hobey Baker Award.

Brendan Morrison (1997)
Kevin Porter (2008)
Adam Fantilli (2023)

Player of the year
The Hockey News U.S. College Player of the Year

 David Oliver (1994)
 Brendan Morrison (1996, 1997)

Central Collegiate Hockey Association

 David Oliver (1994)
 Brendan Morrison (1996, 1997)
 Kevin Porter (2008)

Western Collegiate Hockey Association

 Red Berenson (1962)
 Gordon Wilkie (1964)
 Mel Wakabayashi (1966)

Tim Taylor Award

 Kyle Connor (2016)
 Thomas Bordeleau (2021)
 Adam Fantilli (2023)

Academic All-American
Michigan has had two hockey Academic All-Americans.
Zach Hyman (2015, first team)
Jeff Jillson (2001, second team)

Winter Olympic medalists
Michigan has had twenty-one players and one coach participate in the Winter Olympics. Seven of these participants earned Olympic medals.

Willard Ikola (1956 silver medal, United States)
John Matchefts (1956 silver medal, United States)
Bob White (1956 bronze medal, Canada)
Todd Brost (1992 silver medal, Canada)
David Harlock (1994 silver medal, Canada)
Jack Johnson (2010 silver medal, United States)
Carl Hagelin (2014 silver medal, Sweden)

All-Americans
Fifty-one Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey players have been chosen as First team Division I All-Americans by the American Hockey Coaches Association.

Ross Smith (1948, 1950)
Wally Gacek (1949)
Wally Grant (1949)
Connie Hill (1949)
Dick Starrak (1949)
Gil Burford (1951)
Neil Celley (1951)
Bob Heathcott (1951)
John McKennell (1951)
Alex MacLellan (1953)
Lorne Howes (1956)
Bob Schiller (1956)
Bill MacFarland (1956)
Bob White (1958, 1959)
Bob Watt (1959)
Red Berenson (1961, 1962)
Tom Polanic (1964)
Gordon Wilkie (1964)
Mel Wakabayashi (1965)
Jim Keough (1968)
Robbie Moore (1974)
Dave Debol (1977)
Murray Eaves (1980)
Paul Fricker (1981)
Myles O'Connor (1989)
Denny Felsner (1992)
David Oliver (1994)
Brian Wiseman (1994)
Brendan Morrison (1995–97)
Marty Turco (1997)
John Madden (1997)
Bill Muckalt (1998)
Jeff Jillson (2000)
Andy Hilbert (2001)
Mike Komisarek (2002)
Mike Cammalleri (2002)
T.J. Hensick (2005, 2007)
Jack Johnson (2007)
Kevin Porter (2008)
Louie Caporusso (2009)
Aaron Palushaj (2009)
Jacob Trouba (2013)
Zach Hyman (2015)
Kyle Connor (2016)
Tyler Motte (2016)
Zach Werenski (2016)
Quinn Hughes (2019)
Cameron York (2021)
Matty Beniers (2022)
Adam Fantilli (2023)
Luke Hughes (2023)

Wolverines in the NHL
As of July 1, 2023.

Source:

Statistical accomplishments

The all-time Michigan single-season goal scoring leaders are Red Berenson (1961–62) and Dave Debol (1976–77) who have each totaled 43. Denny Felsner (1988–92) has totaled 139 in his career for the school record. Brendan Morrison holds the school record for both single-season and career assists with 57 (1996–97) and 182 (1994–97), respectively.  Debol (99, 1976–77) and Morrison (284, 1994–97) hold the single-season and career points records, respectively.

On defense, Marty Turco holds the single-season and career win records with 34 (1995–96) and 127 (1995–98).  The single-season goals against average is held by Billy Sauer (1.95, 2007–08), while the career record is held by Shawn Hunwick (2.21, 2007–2012). Shawn Hunwick holds the single-season save percentage record, (.925, 2010–11), and also holds the career record (.924, 2007–2012). Montoya's 6 single-season shutouts (2003–2004) is the school record while Turco's 15 is the career record.

Current national individual records
The following Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey players hold NCAA Division I national records:

John Madden – single-season shorthanded goals – (10, 1996)
John Madden – career shorthanded goals – (23, 1994–97)
Robbie Moore – career saves – (4434, 1973–76)
Marty Turco – career wins – (127, 1995–98)

Former national individual records
The following Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey players formerly held NCAA Division I national records:

Neil Celley – single-season points per game (2.93 1951–1952)
Gordon McMillan – single-season points per game (2.70 1948–1949)
Neil Celley – single-season goals per game (1.48 1951–1952)
Gil Burford – single-season goal points per game (1.48 1950–1952)
Karl Bagnell – single-season saves (1305, 1972–75)
Gordon McMillan – career points per game (2.54, 1949–1954)
Gil Burford – career goals per game (1.30 1951–1952)
Wally Gacek – career goals per game (1.21 1949–1951)
Gordon McMillan – career assists per game (1.38, 1949–1952)
David Oliver – career game-winning goals (21, 1994–2006)
Steve Shields – career wins (111, 1991–94)

Recent individual national statistical champions
The following Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey players have been national statistical champions:

Brendan Morrison – points per game (2.02, 1997)
T. J. Hensick – points per game (1.68, 2007)
Brendan Morrison – assists per game (1.31, 1997)
T. J. Hensick – assists per game (1.12, 2007)
Jason Botterill – power play goals (19, 1997)
John Madden – short-handed goals (10, 1996)
John Madden – short-handed goals (8, 1997)
Scott Matzka – short-handed goals (6, 2000)
Dale Rominski – game-winning goals (8, 1999)
Chad Kolarik – game-winning goals (7, 2008)
Marty Turco – goalie winning percentage (.850, 1997)
Billy Sauer – goalie winning percentage (.851, 2008)

National team records

The following Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey teams hold NCAA Division I national records:
Largest single-game margin of victory (21–0, vs. Ohio State, February 8, 1964)
Most single-season overtime wins (6, 1998)

In addition, the 2005 and 2007 teams led the nation in goals per game, and the 1996 and 1997 teams led the nation in both goals allowed per game and scoring margin per game.

NCAA Tournament history
Including the 2023 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament, Michigan holds several NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship records: Tournaments (40, tied), consecutive tournaments (22), Frozen Four appearances (27) and championships (9, tied). Through the 2023 Tournament, the team has a 55–31 record in the NCAA Tournament, including a 25–18 record in the Frozen Four. The following is the complete history of the Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey team in the NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship.

References

External links

 Official website

Ice hockey teams in Michigan
Big Ten Conference ice hockey


Marrellomorpha are an extinct group of arthropods known from the Cambrian to the Early Devonian. They lacked mineralised hard parts, so are only known from areas of exceptional preservation, limiting their fossil distribution. The best known member is Marrella, with thousands of specimens found in the Cambrian aged Burgess Shale of Canada. The group is divided up into two major orders, Marrellida and Acercostraca. Marrellida is recognised by the possession of head shields with two or three pairs of elongate spine-like projections, and three pairs of uniramous appendages on the cephalon, while Acercostraca generally have large ovoid carapaces that cover the entire upper half of the body, and five pairs of uniramous cephalic appendages. Both groups have unbranched antennules and a segmented trunk with biramous appendages. Recent research has suggested the previously enigmatic Cambrian trilobite-like arthropods Skania and Primicaris belong to this group. Their phylogenetic position is uncertain, various studies have alternatively placed them in the Arachnomorpha as relatives of Artiopoda (trilobites and kin), as related to Mandibulata, or as stem group euarthropods.

Taxonomy
After Moysiuk et al., 2022.
 Acercostraca
 Skania Burgess Shale, Canada, Cambrian (Miaolingian) ? Kaili Formation, China, Cambrian (Wuliuan)
 Primicaris Burgess Shale, Canada, Cambrian (Miaolingian), Maotianshan Shales, China, Cambrian Stage 3
 Vachonisiidae
 Xylokorys Coalbrookdale Formation, England, Silurian (Wenlock)
 Vachonisia Hunsrück Slate, Germany, Lower Devonian (Emsian)
 Enosiaspis Fezouata Formation, Morocco, Early Ordovician (Floian)
 Marrellida
 Marrella Balang Formation, China, Cambrian Stage 4 Kaili Formation, China, Cambrian (Wuliuan), Burgess Shale, Canada, Cambrian (Miaolingian)
 Furca Letná Formation, Czech Republic, Upper Ordovician (Sandbian)
 "Furca" mauretanica (nomen nudum) Fezouata Formation, Morocco, Early Ordovician (Floian)
 "Mimetaster" florestaensis Floresta Formation Argentina, Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian)
 Mimetasteridae
 Tomlinsonus Kirkfield Formation, Canada, Late Ordovician (Katian)
 Mimetaster Hunsrück Slate, Germany, Lower Devonian (Emsian)

Fragmentary taxa assigned to Marrellomorpha include Austromarrella from Cambrian Series 3 aged deposits in Australia, and Dyrnwynia from the Ordovician (Darriwilian) aged Llanfallteg Formation of Wales, which in its original description was assigned to Marrelida.

Phylogeny
After Legg, 2016.

After Moysiuk et al., 2022.

Gallery

References

Paleozoic arthropods
Arthropod classes


The following list of the reptiles of Iowa lists all of the snakes, turtles, and lizards that are known to occur in the US state of Iowa.

Lizards
There are five species of lizards in Iowa.

Snakes
There are 27 species of snakes in Iowa.

Turtles
There are 13 species of turtle in Iowa.

See also
 List of amphibians of Iowa

References

External links
Reptiles and Amphibians of Iowa

Reptiles
Iowa


The Unidentified is a 2008 drama film by writer-director Kevan Tucker in his directorial debut for Floodgate Features. It won "Best New Director" at the 2008 Brooklyn International Film Festival and "Best First Feature" at the 2008 FirstGlance Film Festival in Philadelphia. It also screened at the Asheville Film Festival and Methodfest Film Festival in 2008, and is available on DVD through Vanguard Cinema. It is considered part of the mumblecore movement.

The film was shot on the Panasonic AG-DVX100A with a Redrock M2 attachment.

Plot
Estlin is a journalist in New York City, fresh out of college and ready to make a difference in an all-too cynical world. He struggles with defining career and relationships, and after his best friend Brooke moves away, finds himself falling for Sophie, a downtown photographer. Estlin must confront whether his dogged pursuit of truth helps or hinders his attempt to find a place in the world.

External links

2008 films
2008 romantic comedy-drama films
American romantic comedy-drama films
American independent films
2008 independent films
2008 comedy films
2008 drama films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films


Swift Creek is an unincorporated community in DeKalb County, Georgia, in the United States. It is located north of Lithonia and south of Stone Mountain.

References

Unincorporated communities in Georgia (U.S. state)


Tenderness Junction is the fourth studio album of The Fugs, formed in 1964 by anti-war musician/poets Ed Sanders, Tuli Kupferberg and Ken Weaver. It was released in the US by record company Reprise. A stand-alone CD was released by Wounded Bird Records in 2011, before which the entire album had appeared on the 2006 3-CD Rhino Handmade box set, Electromagnetic Steamboat.

History

As the 1960s progressed, the band's core of Sanders, Kupferberg, and Weaver continued to write the Fugs' songs, but were supplemented by increasingly accomplished musicians. Tenderness Junction was their fourth studio album.

The band built up a cult following, gaining admiration from counter-culture figures such as William S. Burroughs and Abbie Hoffman.  They were known especially for their pro-drugs, anti-war stance, use of poetry in their music, and large number of sexual references in their songs.

Due to their overt sexual content, The Fugs were at risk of censorship. They were released by Atlantic Records in 1967, but signed by Reprise in 1968. Some of the later tracks recorded for Atlantic appear on Tenderness Junction. While on Reprise Records, the company president Mo Ostin showed a willingness to release Fugs material uncensored.

Musical style

In 1967 The Fugs' sound had developed considerably from their early works such as The Fugs First Album, with several complex and interesting compositions.  The band was growing in confidence, and their recordings began to feature guest performers, most notably poets Allen Ginsberg and Gregory Corso, and sitar player Jake Jacobs.

The main band had grown to six in number, with Sanders, Kupferberg and Weaver being joined by Ken Pine on guitar, Danny "Kootch" Kortchmar on guitar, violin, and Charles Larkey on bass.

The album featured a newly focussed rock sound, while the underlying approach of The Fugs remained irreverent and humorous.  Themes of sexual freedom, social protest and general surreal humour abound.  "Turn on, Tune in, Drop out" was a psychedelic rock gem, very much in tune with the times, while "Wet Dream" is an example of The Fugs at their comic best, a musical parody of Platters style teenage love songs, with the usual romantic notions replaced by a fantasy about the "Queen of the Prom" sitting on the throne (and "sitting on my face").

Despite the increased musical skill of The Fugs during this period, there are many wild and obscure moments, most notably "Exorcising the Evil Spirits from the Pentagon Oct. 21, 1967", a real-life recording of an anti-war protest at The Pentagon where protesters including The Fugs chanted 'Out Demons Out' and had a love-in, plus the long and experimental "Aphrodite Mass".

Reaction

Tenderness... was described by the Robert Shelton of the New York Times as the band's "most musical work yet" as he commented favourably on their power and honesty:

Track listing

 "Turn on, Tune in, Drop Out"  [4:49]
 "Knock Knock"  [4:28]
 "Garden Is Open"  [6:22]
 "Wet Dream"  [3:27]
 "Hare Krishna"  [3:26]
 "Exorcising the Evil Spirits from the Pentagon Oct. 21, 1967"  [3:25]
 "War Song"  [5:37]
 "Dover Beach"  [4:08]
 "Fingers of the Sun"  [2:26]
 "Aphrodite Mass: I. Litany of the Street Grope"
 "Aphrodite Mass: II. Genuflection at the Temple of Squack"
 "Aphrodite Mass: III. Petals in the Sea"
 "Aphrodite Mass: IV. Sappho's Hymn to Aphrodite"
 "Aphrodite Mass: V. Homage to Throb Thrills"

Personnel

Tuli Kupferberg – vocals, erectorine
Ed Sanders – vocals
Ken Pine – guitar, harmonica, organ, oscillator, vocals
Danny Kootch – guitar, violin, percussion, vocals
Charles Larkey – bass
Ken Weaver – drums, vocals

References

Additional sources

The Fugs albums
1968 albums
Reprise Records albums
Transatlantic Records albums
Albums produced by Ed Sanders


Wittenstein SE (stylized as  WITTENSTEIN) is a German manufacturer of planetary gearheads, gearing technology, complete electromechanical drive systems and AC servo systems and motors. These products are used, for example, in robotic systems, machine tools, packaging, conveyor systems and process technology, defence equipment, Formula One racing, paper and printing presses, nano technology, stage and lifting technology, the aerospace sector and offshore gas and oil extraction. The company's global headquarters is in Igersheim, Germany with North American headquarters in Bartlett, Illinois.

Affiliated companies
 Wittenstein Alpha GmbH (until 30 June 2008 Alpha Getriebebau)
 Wittenstein Cyber Motor GmbH
 Wittenstein Galaxie GmbH
 Wittenstein Motion control GmbH
 Wittenstein Motion Control (North America HQ Bartlett, IL)
 Attocube Systems GmbH
 Baramundi Software AG

History
The company was formed as Dewitta  in 1949 by two  entrepreneurs, Walter Wittenstein and Bruno Dähn, in Steinheim near Heidenheim (Baden-Württemberg). Using borrowed equipment, this small firm specialized in the manufacture of double chainstitch machines for glovemaking.  The Steinheim premises soon become too cramped and so the company moved to Bad Mergentheim in 1952. The first production plant was a converted barracks beaf to   Eissee lake,    originally only intended as an interim solution. In 1963, lack of space forced Dewitta to relocate again – this time to Herrenwiesenstrasse in Igersheim.

With fewer and fewer women wearing gloves, sales of machines for making them slumped dramatically in the 1970s. Contract work and diversification into alternative products became increasingly critical factors as the company struggled through this difficult period and soon accounted for half the firm's total sales. Guns for steel nails, machines for filling and sealing tubes, equipment for packing sliced bread, etc. were among the many different products made in Igersheim.

At the same time, the way was paved for a new generation to take over the helm. Walter Wittenstein, the textile maker and machine builder, went into gradual retirement and was succeeded by his son, Dr. Manfred Wittenstein. Company founder Walter Wittenstein died in Igersheim in 1988. Shortly after joining the family firm in 1979, Manfred Wittenstein set to work modernising its production and product portfolio. In the search for market opportunities and adequate products with unique attributes, he quickly recognized the potential of low-backlash planetary gearheads.

The world's first planetary gearhead (the SP series) was unveiled at the Hanover Fair in 1983. The SP turned out to be so successful that alpha getriebebau was set up soon afterwards as an independent Wittenstein subsidiary. In 1984, alpha getriebebau GmbH was established as a cooperative venture of two SMEs (Bastian in Fellbach, just outside Stuttgart, and Wittenstein), with Manfred Bastian and Manfred Wittenstein as managing partners.

An assembly shop, warehouse and various office buildings were erected at the Herrenwiesenstrasse site in Igersheim, as a result of which floor space more than doubled. The workforce increased steadily in size too, and for the first time a large number of technicians and engineers were also recruited. alpha regularly recorded double-figure growth in turnover. The complete assembly side was transferred to Weikersheim in 1990. Forty staff on average worked there for six years before the company moved out for good in 1996. This period simultaneously marked the end of the sewing machine era and the last Dewitta was assembled while still in Weikersheim. The entire sewing machine business was subsequently sold off, including all spare parts, milling machines and other equipment.

In the early 1990s, Wittenstein began to expand internationally. alpha réducteurs Sarl was set up in Paris (France) as the first foreign subsidiary, followed not long afterwards by alpha getriebe Ltd., Tokyo (Japan). The first manufacturing headquarters outside of Germany was founded in 1992 in North America. By 2007, the Group had eleven subsidiaries outside Germany, with exports accounting for over 60% of turnover. The creation of Wittenstein motion control GmbH in 1992 spearheaded the Group's transition to a provider of electromechanical servo actuators and actuator systems. More new Business Units were successively added over the next few years, such as Wittenstein intens and Wittenstein cyber motor in 1999.

Today, the group headquarters are in Igersheim-Harthausen – a star-shaped complex of administrative buildings, production shops and logistics centre. Gearhead cases, input shafts, attached motor components, etc. are still manufactured at   Igersheim, while gear wheels continue to be produced in Fellbach – which was converted to a "Future Urban Production" (Urbanen Produktion der Zukunft) facility in 2010.

The first new buildings in the industrial park in Harthausen were occupied in 1996. A development and sales centre, a training and communication centre, a second production and assembly shop and a new logistics hall were added in 1999. A second logistics hall and third assembly shop were officially opened in the spring of 2002. Within the next five years, the number of production shops at the company headquarters increased to six.

In 1995, Manfred Wittenstein and Ullrich Lempp, then headmaster of the Deutschorden-Gymnasium school in Bad Mergentheim, set up the Wittenstein Foundation. The Foundation awards an annual scholarship in a natural science to one of the school's students. "Creative Young Minds", a competition aimed at young inventors in the local region, was likewise initiated by Manfred Wittenstein.

In 2001, the firm was given a new corporate structure when the original Wittenstein GmbH & Co. KG was transformed into a family owned, non-listed public limited company. Further subsidiaries came into being in 2003 (Wittenstein aerospace & simulation) and 2007 (Wittenstein electronics). In 2008, the Group acquired a majority share in Munich based attocube systems, which became a wholly owned subsidiary three years later in 2011.

Early in 2013, the company embarked on a search for a successor to Manfred Wittenstein as president; on 1 October 2014 that year, Professor Dieter Spath, an occupational scientist and Head of the Institute for Technology Management and Human Factors at the University of Stuttgart, took over as president on 1 October 2013; on 1 April 2014, Manfred Wittenstein was appointed Chairman of the Wittenstein Supervisory Board.

In 2017 Wittenstein acquired the entire share capital of baramundi software AG. Various reorganization and restructuring measures were implemented to strengthen Wittenstein's market orientation. Wittenstein Electronics GmbH was integrated into Wittenstein Cyber Motor GmbH. Wittenstein Motion Control GmbH, the business field of Industrial Systems, was divided between Wittenstein Cyber Motor GmbH and Wittenstein Alpha GmbH. The business field of oil and gas remained. Wittenstein Bastian GmbH, special-purpose gearheads and gearing was integrated into Wittenstein Alpha GmbH. The “future urban production” facility in Fellbach continued to be established as a production and competence center for gearing components and special-purpose gearheads.

Bernd Schimpf stepped down from the management board on March 31, 2019. Bertram Hoffmann became chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the Wittenstein Group on April 1, 2019. Dirk Haft, Erik Roßmeißl and Anna-Katharina Wittenstein completed the management board.

In March 2020, Wittenstein sold its medical division to the medical technology company Orthofix.

On 1 April 2020, Wittenstein galaxie GmbH, a new subsidiary, was founded, in order to be able to position and expand the radically innovative Galaxie drive technology on the market in an even more targeted manner. The two subsidiaries, Wittenstein Motion Control GmbH and Wittenstein Aerospace and Simulation GmbH are legally merged. The integration of Wittenstein Aerospace and Simulation GmbH allowed Wittenstein Motion Control GmbH to pool expertise and expand its business activities in mechatronic and cybertronic drive systems for extreme environments. Six strong strategic business divisions are now organized under the roof of the Wittenstein Group.

On November 4, 2020, Attocube Systems AG and Neaspec GmbH joined forces under the name Attocube Systems AG, with three strategic business divisions for nano positioning, cryogenic nanoscopy and nano spectroscopy.

Dirk Haft stepped down from the management board on June 30, 2021.

Wittenstein Foundation established in September 2021. The purpose of the Wittenstein Foundation is to promote education and training as well as science and research.

Steffen Schwerd is appointed Chief Sales Officer (CSO) of Wittenstein SE as of April 1, 2022. The baramundi software AG Software Factory is officially opened on June 2, 2022, in Augsburg.

Facts and figures
 Sales 2002/2003: 85 million euros (+16%)
 Sales 2003/2004: 100 million euros (+17%)
 Sales 2004/2005: 116 million euros (+16.3%)
 Sales 2005/2006: 133 million euros (+14.8%)
 Sales 2006/2007: 148 million euros (+10.6%)
 Sales 2007/2008: 164 million euros
 Sales 2008/2009: 171 million euros
 Sales 2009/2010: 136.9 million euros
 Sales 2010/2011: 197 million euros
 Sales 2011/2012: 233 million euros
 Sales 2012/2013: 241 million euros
 Sales 2013/2014: 254 million euros
 Sales 2014/2015: 276 million euros
 Sales 2015/2016: 302 million euros
 Sales 2016/2017: 339 million euros
 Sales 2017/2018: 385 million euros
 Sales 2018/2019: 436,4 million euros
 Sales 2019/2020: 426,6 million euros
 Sales 2020/2021: 373,2 million euros
 Sales 2021/2022: 461,7, million euros
 Export rate: 52% (fiscal year 2021/22)
 2785 employees worldwide (March 2022)
 Own academy (founded in 1999)
 Companies: with 25 sites in more than 45 countries Wittenstein is represented in all major technology and sales markets. (November 2020)
 The headquarters are in Igersheim-Harthausen; production also takes place in Germany in nearby Igersheim as well as in Fellbach, near Stuttgart. The Group additionally has international manufacturing locations as separate subsidiaries in the USA (Bartlett, near Chicago), Romania (Sura Mica, near Sibiu) and Switzerland (Grüsch, Grisons canton).
 Approximately 7% of the Group's annual turnover is expended on innovation activities; 12% of staff work in R&D
 Trainee ratio: 6%
 Management board: Bertram Hoffmann (CEO), Erik Roßmeißl and Steffen Schwerd
 Chairman of the Supervisory Board: Manfred Wittenstein
 Debut, the international Classical Singing Competition initiated in 2002 by Dr. Manfred Wittenstein, supports young opera singers. Wittenstein SE is the main sponsor.

References

External links
 Official site Wittenstein Group
 Wittenstein North America

Manufacturing companies established in 1949
Bartlett, Illinois