Coccinella undecimpunctata, the eleven-spot ladybird or eleven-spotted lady beetle, it is native to central Asia, though commonly found in Europe, and formerly North America as its populations are decreasing. It is of the family Coccinellidae, commonly referred to as ladybugs or lady beetles.

Description
C. undecimpunctata is a lady beetle with eleven black spots found on its red/orange elytra. Its size can range from around 4.0 to 5.0mm. It may look like this beetle has six spots on each elytron, however the black spot in the center of the elytra, just behind the pronotum, counts as just one.

Distribution
Endemic to the Palearctic - Europe, North Africa, European Russia, the Caucasus, Siberia, the Russian Far East, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Western Asia, Afghanistan, Mongolia, China, Pakistan, North India.  C. undecimpunctata has been introduced to Australia as a biological control agent. It has been said that C. undecimpunctata was introduced to New Zealand as a form of pest control as well, however this has proven to be false.

Habitat and Diet
C. undecimpunctata  feeds on aphids associated with grasses - in fields, in ruderal biotopes, on steppe (including Pannonian steppe), stone quarries,  wastelands, dry forest edges in meadows and coastal meadow, in open habitats with grasses, and near rivers. Frequently in biotopes with Ammophila arenaria it also  occurs on alluvial soils, detritus, on dead grass and in biotopes with Salix purpurea.  It is salt resistant and can feed on aphids inhabiting Atriplex tatarica and  other grasses associated with saline areas.

Biology

Reproduction
C. undecimpunctata reproduces sexually, and has a tendency to cannibalize other individuals/pairs eggs. They do this because it improves their own eggs viability, increases their fecundity, and decreases development time of remaining offspring. However, these benefits depend on which sex is cannibalizing eggs—paternal cannibalization increases fecundity and egg viability, where maternal cannibalization only increases egg viability. If both parents cannibalize eggs, pupation and general developmental time decreases.

Disease

Wolbachia
Wolbachia is a genus of maternally inherited bacteria that infests mainly arthropods. This bacteria kills male offspring in the egg, favoring female offspring—If host eggs are exposed to a heat treatment, the bacteria dies and leaves no molecular trace.

Relationship to Humans

As a form of pest control
Lady beetles are used as a form of pest control for various pests as well as by various modes, whether they be used within a house for hobby plants, in a garden for food, or for more industrial-like settings. Biological forms of pest control are used because they are less harmful than insecticides, which can have negative or even dangerous effects on the plant, beneficial insects, and even humans. C. undecimpunctata has been proven to be an excellent measure of pest control for cotton mealybugs (Phenacoccus solenopsis), though females tend to eat more over their lifespan than males did. Another pest C. undecimpunctata has been known for being used as pest control for is aphids. Rather than just using the beetles as adults for pest control, it has been shown that they eat just under 1.5 times more in their fourth instar than they do as adults. It is best to release C. undecimpunctata populations when pest populations are low.

Insecticides
While some prefer to use biological pest control such as releasing predators into an area to get rid of pests, insecticides are still used widely. Sometimes biological pest control as well as chemical pest control are used simultaneously, or the natural fauna in the area are not accounted for when insecticides are used—chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, and spinosad are insecticides used on a common prey of C. undecimpunctata, the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) While these insecticides are much more effective on the prey, B. brassicae, both chlorpyrifos and spinosad were still much more unsafe for C. undecimpunctata than deltamethrin is. Other insecticides like pirimicarb and pymetrozine are recommended as they do not have significant impact on C. undecimpunctata, where buprofezin, when sprayed on larvae, decreased survival rate to adulthood by 33%.

References

Coccinellidae
Beetles of Europe
Beetles of New Zealand
Beetles described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


Axel Olaf Lindstrom (August 26, 1895 - June 24, 1940)  was a pitcher for the 1916 Philadelphia Athletics.

The 1916 A's had the worst winning percentage of any major league baseball team in the 20th century. Lindstrom made his lone appearance at the close of the season, pitching the last four innings on October 3.  He allowed just two earned runs to get the save.  This meant that Lindstrom actually ended the season tied for the team lead in saves, with one.  (Two other pitchers also saved one game apiece for the 1916 A's.)

In his only two big league at-bats, he went one-for-two, and singled home a run.

Lindstrom was born in Sweden in 1895 and died in North Carolina in 1940.

Sources
1916 American League Team Statistics and Standings
Baseball Reference major league statistics
Baseball Reference minor league statistics

Major League Baseball pitchers
Philadelphia Athletics players
Mobile Bears players
Nashville Vols players
New Haven Profs players
Toledo Mud Hens players
Wilkes-Barre Barons (baseball) players
Worcester Boosters players
Worcester Busters players
Major League Baseball players from Sweden
1895 births
1940 deaths
Swedish emigrants to the United States
Fitchburg (minor league baseball) players


is a group of three Japanese photographers and their associates who worked together on exhibitions and books from 1992 until 2009 or a little later.

History and concept
In 1992, the artist, novelist and old-camera enthusiast Genpei Akasegawa, the artist Yūtokutaishi Akiyama, and the photographer Yutaka Takanashi met at the opening party of an exhibition by the singer Anri Sugano () and found that they had happened to bring along a Leica M3, M2 and M4 respectively. They found that they shared an enjoyment of mechanical cameras and also enjoyed walking around the streets taking photographs together. From that time until 2009 or thereabouts they walked around Nagoya, Hakata, Paris, Mie, and Tokyo; and exhibited and published the results.

Planned in early 2009 were photographs of Kurashiki (Okayama).

The three said that they hoped their photography would preserve the individuality of the photographer, and that it would appeal not just to enthusiasts of Leica and other mechanical cameras but rather to all.

Akasegawa published an essay, "Raika Dōmei", about the group.

The three had no rigid allegiance to the Leica brand, or even avoidance of electronics: each photograph in the book Tokyo Kaleidoscope, for example, is annotated with a mention of the camera and lens used; the photographs by Akasegawa use a variety of cameras (including the Contax G2), and many of those by Takanashi use a Hexar RF.

Exhibitions
All the exhibitions listed here were by the three photographers as a group.
"Raika Dōmei happyōkai" (). Bokushin Garō (Tokyo), 1994.
"Nagoya o toru"　(). Art Gallery C-Square, Chukyo University (Nagoya), June–July 1996.
"Honchō yorigasumi" (). Konica Plaza (Tokyo), 1996.
"Sanjūshi (). Art Gallery C-Square, Chukyo University (Nagoya),　June–July 1998.
"Kyū-Kyōbashi-ku Raika-chō-ten"　(). Inax Gallery 2 (Kyōbashi, Tokyo), January 1999.
"Pari kaihō" (). Art Gallery C-Square, Chukyo University (Nagoya), April 2000.
"Hakata raishū" (). Mitsubishi Jisho Artium (Fukuoka), February–March 2001.
"Tōkyō kareidosukōpu" (). Art Gallery C-Square, Chukyo University (Nagoya),　September–October 2002.
"Ra-haikai Tōkyō-hen" (). Library gallery, Musashino Art University (Kodaira, Tokyo), June–July 2003.
"Ra-haikai etosetora" (). Art Gallery C-Square, Chukyo University (Nagoya), October–November 2004.
"Endoresu Nagoya" (). Art Gallery C-Square, Chukyo University (Nagoya),　September–October 2006.
"Hakata yamamori" (). Gallery-58 (Ginza, Tokyo), March 2007.

Akasegawa's essay

Katsuhiko Otsuji (, i.e. Genpei Akasegawa). Raika Dōmei (). Tokyo: Kōdansha, 1994. .  The title piece of what's billed as a collection of shōsetsu (stories) is about the Dōmei.
Genpei Akasegawa. Raika Dōmei (). Chikuma Bunko. Tokyo: Chikuma Shobō, 1999. .  A bunkobon reprint, this time attributed to the author's better known pseudonym.

Books by the Dōmei
All the books listed below are by the three photographers as a group.

Raika Dōmei: Nagoya shageki! (). Nagoya: Fūbaisha, 1996. .  Photographs of Nagoya.
Raika Dōmei: Pari kaihō (). Tokyo: Alpha-beta, 2001. .  Photographs of Paris.
Tōkyō kareidosukōpu: Raika Dōmei () / Tokyo Kaleidoscope. Tokyo: Alpha-beta, 2002. .  Photographs of Tokyo.

Notes

References

External links
Raika Dōmei, the official website, as archived by the Wayback Machine on 28 December 2009

1992 establishments in Japan
Cooperatives in Japan
Japanese photography organizations


Woodlands Bus Depot is an SMRT Buses bus depot located in Woodlands, Singapore.

References

External links
 Interchange/Terminal (SMRT Buses)

Bus garages
Bus stations in Singapore
1999 establishments in Singapore
Woodlands, Singapore


Hendershott is a surname. Hendershott comes from the surname Hendershot.

Notable people with the surname include

Adam Hendershott (born 1983), American actor
Anne Hendershott, American sociologist and author
Jen Hendershott (born 1971), American fitness competitor
Robert L. Hendershott (1898–2005), member of the American Numismatic Association Hall of Fame

Also Henderschott
 Frederick C. Henderschott (1870–1934), American journalist, educator, and executive

See also
Hendershot


Erno Crisa (10 March 1914 – 4 April 1968) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in more than 50 films between 1944 and 1968. His last film was the spaghetti western Sugar Colt.

Partial filmography

 Croisières sidérales (1942) - L'homme sur le manège (uncredited)
 Coup de tête (1944) - (uncredited)
 St. Val's Mystery (1945) - Dédé - le vagabond
 The Last Judgment (1945)
 Christine se marie (1946)
 Les gueux au paradis (1946)
 La figure de proue (1948) - Le Guen
 Scandale (1948)
 The White Line (1950) - Stefano
 The Last Sentence (1951) - Roberto
 Messalina (1951) - Timo / Timus
 Sunday Heroes (1952) - Stefan
 Papà ti ricordo (1952)
 La colpa di una madre (1952) - Alberto
 Canzoni di mezzo secolo (1952)
 I falsari (1953) - Pietro
 Jealousy (1953) - Baron Antonio
 Cavalcade of Song (1953) - Il guappo
 Violenza sul lago (1954) - Marco
 Mata Hari's Daughter (1954) - Prince Anak
 Cañas y barro (1954) - Jaime
 The Gold of Naples (1954) - Don Nicola (segment "Teresa")
 Questi fantasmi (1954)
 Di qua, di là del Piave (1954)
 La Tierra del Fuego se apaga (1955)
 Lady Chatterley's Lover (1955) - Oliver Mellors
 Don Juan (1956) - Don Juan
 La fille de feu (1958) - Larry Gordon
 Caterina Sforza, la leonessa di Romagna (1959) - Cesare Borgia
 The Black Archer (1959) - Lodovico
 Due selvaggi a corte (1959) - Marco Venier
 I mafiosi (1959) - Turi
 Carthage in Flames (1960) - Asdrubak
 The Cossacks (1960) - Kasi
 Purple Noon (1960) - Inspector Ricordi
 Cleopatra's Daughter (1960) - Kefren - Tegi's Councellor
 The Bacchantes (1961) - Atteon
 Maciste contro lo sceicco (1962) - The Sheik
 Julius Caesar Against the Pirates (1962) - Silla
 Passport for a Corpse (1962) - Walter
 Taras Bulba, the Cossack (1962)
 Colossus of the Arena (1962) - Oniris
 Le due leggi (1962)
 Goliath and the Sins of Babylon (1963) - Morakeb
 Brennus, Enemy of Rome (1963) - Decio Vatinio
 Le fils de Tarass Boulba (1964)
 Vengeance of the Vikings (1965) - Eyolf
 Seven Rebel Gladiators (1965) - Morakeb
 Kommissar X – Drei gelbe Katzen (1966) - Baker
 Sugar Colt (1966) - Yonker
 Pecos Cleans Up (1967)
 Angelique and the Sultan (1968) - Turkish Ambassador

References

External links

1914 births
1968 deaths
Italian male film actors
20th-century Italian male actors


The Knox Mansion is a historical mansion at 104 West 2nd Avenue in the city of Johnstown, Fulton County, New York.

History
The house was built in 1898 by the gelatine magnate and businessman Charles Knox, who owned Knox Gelatine, which had a factory in Johnstown. The Classical Revival  mansion, which was designed by Peabody & Beauley of Chicago, has 42 rooms, an elevator, a grand staircase, and a solid lava ash fireplace which was imported from a castle in Italy. The house cost $1.2 million to build in 1898. In 1908 an addition was built to a design by Utica architect Linn Kinne.

When Rose Knox died in 1950, the house was sold to her doctor, Dr. Larrabee.  Eventually the house fell into disrepair, and much of its contents were sold by antiques dealers. It was bought in 1993 by Marty Quinn, who renovated it and then operated it as a museum/bed and breakfast/limousine agency/private residence. It has several secret places such as a windowless room just off the attic and a hidden panel behind a built-in shelf in the billiard room. The mansion has been said to be haunted.

National Register of Historic Places
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.  The mansion has been given not-for-profit status and is operated as a museum.

References

External links

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Neoclassical architecture in New York (state)
Houses completed in 1898
Houses in Fulton County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Fulton County, New York


In Praise of Older Women is a Canadian film directed by George Kaczender. It is based on Stephen Vizinczey's book In Praise of Older Women.

Plot
András Vayda (Tom Berenger) grows up in a turbulent, war-torn Hungary, where he procures local girls for the occupying G.I.s during World War II. Disappointed by the girls his age, he meets Maya (Karen Black), a married woman in her 30s, who tutors him in love and romance. Maya is only the first of many mature women whom András will meet through his teenage and young adult life.

Cast
 Tom Berenger as András Vayda
 Karen Black as Maya
 Susan Strasberg as Bobbie
 Helen Shaver as Ann MacDonald
 Marilyn Lightstone as Klari
 Alexandra Stewart as Paula
 Marianne McIsaac as Julika
 Alberta Watson as Mitzi
 Ian Tracey as Andras Vajda Jr
 Monique Lepage as The Countess
 Louise Marleau as Woman in Elevator
 Henry Ramer, Narrator (voice)

Production
The film was shot from 12 September to 18 October 1977. The film was initially budgeted at $890,000, but cost $1.5 million, with $300,000 coming from the Canadian Film Development Corporation.

Release
The film was distributed by Astral Films in Canada and Embassy Pictures in the United States. It was shown at the 1978 Toronto International Film Festival on 14 September, and released in Montreal on 22 September. The French dub was released in Montreal on 14 March 1980. The film earned over $20 million.

In 2023, Telefilm Canada announced that the film was one of 23 titles that will be digitally restored under its new Canadian Cinema Reignited program to preserve classic Canadian films.

Reception
Before its release, the Ontario Film Review Board demanded the removal of a 35 second sex scene from the film. However, the original cut of the film was shown during the Toronto International Film Festival, and despite a subway strike and a rainstorm, hundreds of people waited outside the Elgin Theatre to see the film. According to some sources, counterfeit tickets were distributed, and a riot almost formed as ticket holders were turned away. The film received mostly negative reviews.

Accolades

See also
 In Praise of Older Women (1997 adaption)

External links

 The New York Times review : http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/24525/In-Praise-of-Older-Women/overview

References

Works cited

1978 films
1978 romantic drama films
Canadian coming-of-age drama films
English-language Canadian films
Films directed by George Kaczender
Films set in Hungary
Films set in Budapest
Films set in the 1950s
Films shot in Montreal
Canadian romantic drama films
1970s Canadian films


Kiryat Eliezer is a neighborhood in north-western Haifa, Israel, south of Bat Galim.

History
Kiryat Eliezer Stadium, former home to Maccabi Haifa F.C., was located here. The neighborhood is named after Labor Party politician Eliezer Kaplan, who died in 1952, just as  families began to move in.

References

Neighborhoods of Haifa

he:מערב חיפה#קריית אליעזר


Streptococcus canis is a group G beta-hemolytic species of  Streptococcus.  It was first isolated in dogs, giving the bacterium its name. These bacteria are characteristically different from Streptococcus dysgalactiae, which is a human-specific group G species that has a different phenotypic chemical composition. S. canis is important to the skin and mucosal health of cats and dogs, but under certain circumstances, these bacteria can cause opportunistic infections. These infections were known to afflict dogs and cats prior to the formal description of the species in Devriese et al., 1986. However, additional studies revealed cases of infection in other mammal species, including cattle  and even humans. Instances of mortality from S. canis in humans are very low with only a few reported cases, while actual instances of infection may be underreported due to mischaracterizations of the bacteria as S. dysgalactiae. This species, in general, is highly susceptible to antibiotics, and plans to develop a vaccine to prevent human infections are currently being considered.

The four serogroups of hemolytic streptococci identified in domesticated dogs belong to Lancefield groups A, C, E, and G. Of these four, S. canis is described as belonging to group G due to it being a beta-hemolytic and aesculin-negative Streptococcus that is able to ferment lactose. These bacteria are known to be part of the natural flora of the respiratory tract of cats and dogs. This bacterium was originally isolated from dogs, and has been differentiated from S. dysgalactiae, which is the group G Streptococus of human origin. S. canis is known to infect a variety of mammal species, including dogs, cats, mink, mice, rabbits, foxes, cattle, and even humans.

Bacterial infections

Infections in cats and dogs
S. canis is considered to be an important part of the healthy microbiota of cats and dogs, promoting skin and mucosal health. However, despite these benefits under certain circumstances, strains of this bacterium have been reported to cause diseases in a variety of mammals. When opportunistic infection does occur, treatment with antibiotics is very successful at clearing the disease and preventing mortality due to the low levels of resistance in this species. During infection, the bacteria have been known to cause neonatal sepsis, abortion, and cellulitis in dogs. In addition, S. canis is also responsible for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) and necrotizing fasciitis (NF). However, it has been contested if STSS and NF are caused solely by S. canis infection or if it is induced from the treatment of dogs with fluoroquinolone during the infection. In other mammals, the pathogen can cause lymphadenitis, arthritis, fever, mastitis, wound infections, and other conditions that vary depending on the host species. The possibility of an outbreak increases for animals that are very young, very old, confined to a densely populated area, or remain confined for long periods of time. Multiple fatal outbreaks have been reported among shelter cats due to the susceptibility of many of the cats and the close proximity of individuals within a shelter. The development of disease can occur rapidly, and symptoms in cats include skin ulceration, chronic respiratory infection, and necrotizing sinusitis. The persistence and spread of these bacteria in a confined area can lead to both sepsis and death, quickly resulting in extremely high levels of mortality among susceptible cats. Similar instances have been reported for dogs; however, the levels of mortality were considerably lower.

"Up to 70–100% of young queens in breeding catteries may carry this bacterium in the vagina, resulting in infection of the kittens, but also in the transfer of passive immunity against S. canis via colostrum."

Vaccine
"Though attempts have been made, there are no S. zooepidemicus vaccines available for any species."

Infections in cattle

Occurrences of group G Streptococcus in animals are mostly associated with S. canis, which normally infects domesticated dogs and cats.  However, the pathogen can be horizontally transferred to other domesticated animals from either of these two animals. A documented instance of this transfer occurred on a central New York farm between a cat which was exhibiting chronic sinusitis and a dairy cow. This transfer resulted in S. canis mastitis on the udder of the cow, which appeared to be normal, leading to a prolonged diagnosis. Additional horizontal disease transfer to other cows in the herd was facilitated due to poor udder health management procedures, which included the use of a common cloth to wipe the udders of the cows following milking and the failure to use disinfection techniques. An outbreak of S. canis mastitis occurred from these transfers, but was controlled using antibiotic treatments and prevention techniques.
Not limited to strains within the United States, instances of bovine mastitis due to S. canis have been reported in other areas. In both Germany  and Israel, similar outbreaks occurred due to horizontal disease transfer from either a domesticated cat or dog, but during the Israel outbreak, the cows were clinically examined to determine the susceptibility of the pathogen to various antibiotics. From this study, the bacteria were found to be sensitive to cephalothin and partially resistant to penicillin.

Human infection

The occurrence of S. canis was thought for years to be limited to cats and dogs with rare instances of infection in cattle and other animals. However, it has been reported to form complexes with human albumin through the formation of binding sites. This ability to bind albumin in humans, in addition to the previously studied binding ability in domesticated animals, provided strong experimental evidence that the disease could be vertically transferred to humans. Medical cases support that humans under certain circumstances can become infected. Such infections may have gone undiscovered in the past due to difficulties in characterizing the biochemical makeup of this pathogen compared to the known human-infecting species such as S. dysgalactiae. An elderly man who owned a dog was admitted to the hospital after exhibiting malaise, fever, and tachycardia, and treated with antibiotics until he recovered. Varicose ulcers present on his legs were later determined to be the points of entry for the disease, transferred from his dog, thus led to his symptoms.
In another case of human infection, an elderly woman was initially admitted to the hospital after slight bruising of her eyebrow, and readmitted a few days later with a high fever. Medical analysis determined her fever was the result of meningitis and sepsis that ultimately led to the death of the patient after antibiotics failed. Additional support for the possibility of S. canis infections in humans has been provided by multiple cases linking the occurrence of the disease to dog ownership in elderly men. In these cases, all men had a history of ulcers on their lower limbs, which acted as an entry point for the transmission of bacteria from the respiratory tract of the dogs. This history, in combination with continued exposure from household dogs, led to the transfer of the disease and the expression of symptoms that required medical attention.

Vaccine development
Analysis of the genomic library of S. canis led to the identification of a new streptococcal protective antigen (SPA) associated with the bacteria. This SPA may be an important component of a vaccine to prevent future infections, based on successful applications of an antiserum in a mouse model.

VetBact

References

External links
 Type strain of Streptococcus canis at BacDive –  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
 Nature-Inspired CRISPR Enzyme Discoveries Vastly Expand Genome Editing . On: SciTechDaily. June 16, 2020. Source: Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Streptococcaceae
Gram-positive bacteria
Bacteria described in 1986


Ismail El Shafei and Brian Fairlie were the defending champions but only Fairlie competed that year with Russell Simpson.

Fairlie and Simpson lost in the first round to Mark Edmondson and John Marks.

John Newcombe and Tony Roche won in the final 6–7, 6–3, 6–1 against Ross Case and Geoff Masters.

Seeds

  Syd Ball /  Kim Warwick (first round)
  Ross Case /  Geoff Masters (final)
  Jürgen Fassbender /  Karl Meiler (semifinals)
  Bob Carmichael /  Ken Rosewall (first round)

Draw

External links
1977 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships Doubles Draw

Doubles


Streptococcus equinus is a Gram-positive, nonhemolytic, nonpathogenic, lactic acid bacterium of the genus Streptococcus. It is the principal Streptococcus found in the alimentary canal of a horse, and makes up the majority of the bacterial flora in horse feces.  Equivalence with Streptococcus bovis has been contested.

History
S. equinus, which is always abundant in the feces of horses, was first isolated from the air in 1906 by Andrewes and Horder due to the presence of dried horse manure, common in most cities at the time.

In 1910, Winslow and Palmer verified the findings of Andrewes and Horder and reported further findings in both cattle and human feces.

Phylogeny
After the bacterium was discovered in 1906, the term Streptococcus equinus became a convenient “wastebasket” into which nonhemolytic streptococci that do not ferment lactose and mannitol were categorized. The classification of all streptococci that fail to ferment lactose into one large category has made the classification of S. equinus very difficult.

However, as shown to the left, it is known that S. equinus, a nonenterococcal, group D streptococcus, is most closely related to the species S. bovis. In 2003, S. bovis and S. equinus were found to have a 99% 16S rRNA sequence similarity. While particularly similar in phylogeny they differ in biochemical reactions and physiological characteristics.

The taxonomy of the organisms designated as S. bovis and S. equinus has a very complex history. S. equinus and S. bovis  were reported to be synonyms by Farrow et al. in 1984, but were listed as separate species in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology in 1986. Recently, the situation has become more complex by the description of two novel species for strains originally identified as S. bovis as actually S. caprinus, and S. gallolyticus. The taxonomy of S. equinus has yet to be fully resolved.

Characteristics
A prominent characteristic of S. equinus is its inability to ferment lactose and mannitol. Moreover, it is nonhemolytic and not known to be pathogenic for animals.

Morphology
Generally, it appears as short chains of spherical or ovoid cells. These chains are somewhat longer in broth cultures than milk. Some cultures form extremely long chains in broth.

Temperature of growth
S. equinus has a high minimum temperature of growth, evidenced by little or no growth in gelatin cultures at temperatures lower than 21 °C. No growth occurs at 10 or 15 °C, and growth is very slow at 21 °C. The maximum temperature of growth takes place at 45 °C, and 47 °C where growth seldom occurs. No growth occurs at 48 °C.

Growth medium
It does not grow well in nor can it coagulate milk. However, it has a high fermentative power in glucose broth. The organism grows with vigor in glucose-peptone-litmus milk.

Thermal resistance
It has a higher resistance to temperature than that possessed by pathogenic streptococci, but substantially lower than that of thermoduric streptococci.

Most of the other properties of S. equinus have not yet been determined.

Clinical significance
S. equinus is one of the rare Gram-positive bacteria that may cause bacteremia and endocarditis in humans, but infection with this organism is very rare in humans.

Rare incidences
Among the rare published cases of S. equinus reported are: infective endocarditis, and peritonitis.

In 1993, a case was reported of a farmer with documented aortic valve disease who developed bacterial endocarditis due to S. equinus. The case report also noted that S. equinus is a rare pathogen in man and its acquisition may be related to the subject’s occupation.

In 1998, a case of S. equinus peritonitis in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was reported. This case reported that S. equinus is a rare but easily treatable cause of peritonitis in CAPD patients.

In 2000, a woman with no underlying cardiac abnormalities developed S. equinus endocarditis. However, the patient also had pulmonary histiocytosis X. While this may have been a coincidence, such patients have many abnormalities of the immune system including imbalance of the immunoregulatory cell system and a decreased production of natural antibodies. Such abnormalities can predispose the patients with histiocytosis X to the development of bacterial infections, and a similar mechanism may have taken place in this patient.

Overall, while this organism has been isolated from the human intestine, currently it has not been reported to cause endocarditis in patients without history of cardiac disease or another underlying condition.

Future studies
To obtain a definitive discrimination between S. equinus and S. bovis, extensive further studies are required. Additional DNA-DNA hybridization studies or genomic and proteomic comparison experiments of the two species could lead to more definitive results. Also, further studies using new techniques such as MALDI-TOF may also be effective.

References

External links
"Streptococcus equinus": free-full text articles in PubMed
Type strain of Streptococcus equinus at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Streptococcaceae
Bacteria described in 1906


Streptococcus vestibularis is a species of Streptococcus.

Streptococcus vestibularis, member of the viridans streptococci was first isolated from vestibular mucosa of human oral cavities, was described as a new species in 1988. It is noted that “Streptococcus vestibularis is a normal inhabitant of vestibules of the human oral cavity” (Haberal, Ozdemir, Siren, & Simsek, 2008)

References

External links
Type strain of Streptococcus vestibularis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Streptococcaceae
Gram-positive bacteria


Yair Garbuz (, born 29 September 1945) is an Israeli artist. He was director of the HaMidrasha Art School at Beit Berl College for 12 years. He is also known in Israel as an author and as a humorist.

Biography

Yair Garbuz was born in Givatayim, Mandatory Palestine. In 1962-1967, while a member of Kibbutz Kfar HaHoresh, he studied painting under Raffi Lavie. He also attended the Avni Institute of Art and Design in Tel Aviv. Since his debut in 1967, Garbuz's work has been exhibited in dozens of one-man shows and group exhibitions in Israel and abroad.

In 1973-2009, Garbuz taught at "HaMidrasha" art faculty, Beit Berl College, which he directed from 1997. He has also taught at the Avni Institute, Tel-Hai Academic College, and the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design in Jerusalem.

As of 2020, Garbuz is the Cultural Director of the Basis art school, a position he took in 2015.

In the 1970s Garbuz worked in a variety of media, from installations to artist's books containing political commentary and self-parody. He often references  other artists and employs visual and verbal jokes.

Awards and recognition
Yair Garbuz has been described as "adept in the poetics of loneliness, constantly lighting fires that signal from one mountaintop to the next an ironic wish to belong."

 for literature, awarded by the Municipality of Holon (2001)
Emet Prize (2004)

Published works
A Home in the Galilee

See also
Visual arts in Israel

References

External links

Israeli artists
Israeli educators
1945 births
Living people
Israeli television critics


The 2001 European Championship of Ski mountaineering was the fourth European Championship of ski mountaineering and the first, that was organized by the International Council for Ski Mountaineering Competitions (ISMC), that was founded in 1999 as a suborganization the Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA).

The events were held in France, Italy and Spain. The team races of the "senior" and the "espoir" class were held at the French Miage-Contamines on 27 January 2001, the individual races in the Jaca, Spain, on 4 March 2001, and the team races of the "cadett" and the "junior" classes in Adamello, Italy, on 1 April 2001.

Results

Medals

(alphabetic order; only "seniors" and "espoirs", without the results of "cadets" and "juniors")

*) winning result of the combined Spanish-Andorran "Espoirs" women team

Team
Event held in Les Contamines, France, on 27 January 2001

List of the best 10 teams by gender:

Individual

Event held on 4 March 2001, in Jaca, Spain

List of the best 10 participants by gender:

References

2001
Ski
International sports competitions hosted by France
International sports competitions hosted by Italy
European
2001 in ski mountaineering
Skiing competitions in Italy
Skiing competitions in France
Skiing competitions in Spain


Streptococcus uberis is a species of Streptococcus. It is one of the most common causes of mastitis in dairy cattle.

References

Further reading

External links
 Type strain of Streptococcus uberis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Streptococcaceae
Gram-positive bacteria


Streptococcus ratti is a species of Streptococcus. Streptococcus ratti can be viewed as a type of oral bacteria. It is a type of bacteria that may be found in healthy individuals. One example may be oral cavities. Streptococcus ratti is also a component of dental biofilms.

References

External links
 Type strain of Streptococcus ratti at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Streptococcaceae
Gram-positive bacteria
Bacteria described in 1977


Streptococcus peroris is a species of Streptococcus. In Foods, S. peroris was firstly reported in Tarhana (Fermented Turkish Food) by researchers.

References

External links
 Type strain of Streptococcus peroris at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Streptococcaceae
Gram-positive bacteria


(English: The street of hope) is a 1953 Italian drama film directed by Dino Risi. It grossed over 100 million lire at the Italian box office.

Cast
Cosetta Greco as Luisa Guglielmi
Liliana Bonfatti as  Giuditta Robotti
Piera Simoni as Franca Albani
Marcello Mastroianni as Mario Montesi
Pietro De Vico as Tonino
Nerio Bernardi as Franzi
Gisella Monaldi as Titina
Maria Pia Casilio as Concettina
Achille Majeroni as Acting teacher
Bianca Maria Fusari as Stefania
Odoardo Girotti as Giorgio
Franco Migliacci
Silvio Bagolini
Corrado Pani
Carlo Hintermann
Alessandro Fersen
Nino Marchetti
Giulio Calì

References

External links

1953 films
1950s Italian-language films
1953 drama films
Italian black-and-white films
Films directed by Dino Risi
Films scored by Mario Nascimbene
Films set in Rome
Italian drama films
1950s Italian films


Frederick Gell (24 September 1820 – 25 March 1902) was an eminent Anglican clergyman and Bishop of Madras 1861-1899.

Gell was born in 1820, the son of Philip Gell, rector of Derby. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1843. Following graduation, he was appointed a Fellow at Christ's College, Cambridge, and later that year ordained deacon. Ordination as a priest followed the next year. In 1849, he was elected lecturer, and later dean and assistant tutor of the College.

His first ecclesiastical post was as a Curate at Great St Mary's, Cambridge, and in 1858 he was appointed Cambridge preacher at the Chapel Royal, Whitehall. The following year he left Cambridge to become Domestic Chaplain to Archibald Campbell Tait, Bishop of London, and two years later, in 1861, he became the fourth Bishop of Madras. He held the office for over a quarter of a century, until he resigned from ill-health in 1899.

Gell chose to stay in India after his resignation. He died at Culford, Coonoor, South India, on 25 March 1902.

References

External links
Bibliographic directory from Project Canterbury

1820 births
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Fellows of Christ's College, Cambridge
19th-century Anglican bishops in Asia
Anglican bishops of Madras
1902 deaths
British expatriates in India
British chaplains
Anglican chaplains
People from Coonoor


Streptococcus parasanguinis is a gram-positive bacterium of the genus Streptococcus that is classified as a member of the Streptococcus viridans group. S. parasanguinis is one of the major early colonizers of dental surfaces in the human oral cavity. Cell surface structures including pili and fimbriae allow the bacteria to adhere to oral surfaces. These adhesion molecules also play an important role in biofilm formation and promote aggregation with late tooth colonizers to form dental plaque. The presence of S. parasanguinis in the oral cavity is associated with a healthy microflora.

References

External links
 Type strain of Streptococcus parasanguinis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Streptococcaceae
Gram-positive bacteria


Streptococcus dysgalactiae is a gram positive, beta-haemolytic, coccal bacterium belonging to the family Streptococcaceae. It is capable of infecting both humans and animals, but is most frequently encountered as a commensal of the alimentary tract, genital tract, or less commonly, as a part of the skin flora. The clinical manifestations in human disease range from superficial skin-infections and tonsillitis, to severe necrotising fasciitis and bacteraemia. The incidence of invasive disease has been reported to be rising. Several different animal species are susceptible to infection by S. dysgalactiae, but bovine mastitis and infectious arthritis in lambs (joint ill) have been most frequently reported.

Streptococcus dysgalactiae is currently divided into the subspecies Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae; the former mostly associated with human disease, and the latter almost exclusively encountered in veterinary medicine. Their exact taxonomic delineation, however, is a matter of ongoing debate (See taxonomy).

The names are derived from Greek; Streptococcus meaning chain forming (Streptos) rounded berry-like bodies (kokkos), referring to their usual appearance under a light-microscope. Dys (bad) galactiae (milk) alludes to their propensity to cause bovine mastitis. Equi (horse) similis (like) infers similarity to the closely related species, Streptococcus equi.

Epidemiology
Streptococcus dysgalactiae was long believed to be non-pathogenic to humans. However, an increasing incidence of S. dysgalactiae infections has been documented, and in some geographic regions, the rate of invasive infection has even surpassed that of Streptococcus pyogenes. The age distribution of invasive cases among humans is clearly skewed towards the elderly, whereas the healthy carrier state appears to have the inverse relation to age. People with chronic maladies, including cancer and diabetes, are also especially susceptible to infection. These opportunistic traits have been proposed as one of the mechanisms underlying the observed increasing frequency of invasive disease. Furthermore, a male predominance has been noted, presumably due to a higher burden of comorbidity. The incidence of non-invasive disease in human does not appear to be increasing.

Role in human disease
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis is a commensal in human alimentary tract and genital tract. Occasionally it is isolated from skin, but usually in relation to a chronic skin condition or some breach of the epithelial barrier.

Non-invasive disease manifestations include predominantly tonsillitis and superficial skin infections. Additionally, it has long been recognized as a potential cause of cellulitis/erysipelas. However, the role of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis in cellulitis might have been previously underestimated, and it was linked to a majority of the cellulitis cases in a recent study.

The clinical presentation among invasive disease is also dominated by skin and soft tissue infections, including a small subset of patients presenting with severe necrotizing fasciitis. Moreover, it is an important cause of bone and joint infections, and this disease manifestation is reported to be increasing. Less commonly it can present as pneumonia, endocarditis, genital or intra-abdominal infections. Primary bacteraemia, infection without identifiable focal origin, comprises approximately 20% of the reported cases.

Recently, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis has been linked to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and acute rheumatic fever. These immunologic sequelae have previously only been associated with Streptococcus pyogenes.
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae is almost exclusively an animal pathogen. However, a few casuistic reports of human zoonotic infection have been documented.

Role in animal disease
Streptococcus dysgalactiae can infect a range of animal hosts, and both subspecies are of importance. However, the bacterium is frequently encountered as a colonizer of healthy animals, especially in the alimentary tract and genital region.

In veterinary medicine, it is a well-recognized cause of bovine mastitis, hence the name dys-galactiae. In some geographic regions, it is reported only second to Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of both clinical and subclinical mastitis. S. dysgalactiae has been particularly linked to mastitis occurring during the summer time ("Summer mastitis"), and bacterial spreading by flying insects has been suggested. Mastitis in other animals has also been documented.

S. dysgalactiae has been isolated from infectious polyarthritis in several animal species, including piglets, lambs, calves and goats. Furthermore, it has been implicated in neonatal mortality among puppies. Recently, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae has been described as an emerging pathogen in fish, causing fulminant necrotic ulcers of the caudal peduncle, with ensuing high mortality rates. The clinical presentation is dominated by severe sepsis and the formation of microabscesses, and a relationship between disease severity and the expression of the virulence factors Streptolysin S and SPEGdys has been inferred.

Treatment and antimicrobial susceptibility
Penicillin remains the drug of choice for treating streptococcal infections, and S. dysgalactiae strains with reduced susceptibility to penicillin have never been reported. Treatment duration varies from 5 days to 3 months, depending on the clinical diagnosis. Second-line agents include macrolides and clindamycin, although increasing resistance, due to both efflux and target modification, has been documented in some geographic regions. Aminoglycosides are not active against streptococci due to their lacking respiratory metabolism. However, administered in combination with a beta-lactam antibiotic, aminoglycosides appear to produce a synergistic effect towards streptococci. Streptococcus dysgalactiae is uniformly susceptible to glycopeptides and oxazolidones.

Taxonomy
Diernhofer first used the name Streptococcus dysgalactiae in 1932, describing a streptococcus of veterinary origin. Subsequently, Frost reported the discovery of the human pathogen Streptococcus equisimilis in 1936. Contemporarily, though, Rebecca Lancefield devised a classification of streptococci based on their carbohydrate-antigens, and successively described streptococci belonging to group C (1933) and group G (1935). The correlation of group carbohydrate specificity with the proposed species S. dysgalactiae and S. equisimilis, however, were not explored in detail. The Lancefield classification soon became the preferred laboratory identification method for streptococci, and the names S. dysgalactiae and S. equisimilis fell into disuse. In 1980, they were even removed from the List of Approved Bacterial species. Three years later, though, DNA hybridization studies revealed extensive similarities between the entities Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus equisimilis, large-colony-forming group C and group G streptococcus of human origin, and certain large-colony-forming group C, G and L streptococci of animal origin. Accordingly, they were fused to one species, Streptococcus dysgalactiae. However, subsequent molecular investigations indicated heterogeneity within this new species, and in 1996 it was divided into S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis and S. dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae.

The taxonomic division of Streptococcus dysgalactiae into its two subspecies has been the origin of much confusion, and a matter of ongoing debate. Although no official taxonomic gold standard exists, the most current and widely supported definition was published by Vieira et al. in 1998. It defines S. dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae solely as the alpha-haemolytic phenotype harbouring the Lancefield group C antigen. The rest are classified as S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis, are (mostly) beta-haemolytic and can harbour carbohydrate antigens of Lancefield group A, C, G or L. However, a recent study indicates that the Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis strains of animal and human origin are genetically divergent, and future taxonomic reclassifications are conceivable.

Laboratory identification
Streptococcus dysgalactiae form large colonies (>0.5 cm) after 24 hours of incubation, and produce haemolysis on blood agar; Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae is alpha-haemolytic, whereas Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis is predominantly beta-haemolytic. They are facultative anaerobic, incapable of respiratory metabolism, but are aerotolerant. Growth is enhanced by incubation in 5%  atmosphere, but they usually grow adequately in ambient air. The optimum temperature for growth is approximately 37 °C. Lancefield group C and G carbohydrate antigens are predominantly expressed, but group A and L have been documented. However, the above characteristics are not unique to S. dysgalactiae, and further testing is required to confirm the species identity. Although many laboratories currently identify bacteria by mass-spectrometry (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/ionization Time Of Flight MALDI TOF MS), phenotypic testing is still widely used. Unlike Streptococcus pyogenes (harbouring Lancefield group A antigen), S. dysgalactiae is PYR-negative and Bacitracin resistant. The distinction from the Streptococcus anginosus group (Lancefield A, C, G or F) can be made by colony size and Voges Proskauer test (VP); the S.anginosus group being VP positive. Streptococcus equi contains Lancefield group C, and Streptococcus canis harbours group G, but unlike S. dysgalactiae, they are both Hyaluronidase negative.

The identification of S. dysgalactiae to the subspecies level is most reliably performed by multilocus sequence typing. MALDI TOF MS does currently not possess taxonomic resolution beyond the species level.

Molecular typing
Several different typing systems for Streptococcus dysgalactiae have been used, the majority originally devised for the closely related species Streptococcus pyogenes. The most widely employed method is emm-typing. The emm-gene encodes the M-protein, a major virulence factor in both S. pyogenes and Streptococcus dysgalactiae. It is ubiquitous in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis of human origin, and its hypervariability in the 5'-terminal region forms the basis for categorization into separate emm-types. To date, more than 100 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis emm-types have been described (CDC Strep Lab). The prevailing emm-types vary in different geographical regions, and clonal outbreaks have been reported. Unlike for S. pyogenes, a correlation between emm-type and disease manifestation or severity has not been established for S. dysgalactiae. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis has historically been employed for the exploration of clonal relationships among S. dysgalactiae, but with the increased availability and reduced costs of sequencing, it is likely to be replaced by multilocus sequence typing and single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis.

Pathogenesis and virulence factors
The pathogenetic pathways of Streptococcus dysgalactiae have not been explored in detail. Several virulence factors have been identified, but predominantly by screening S. dysgalactiae isolates for homologues of well-characterized S. pyogenes virulence genes. In a study of 216 S. pyogenes virulence genes, S. dysgalactiae was found to harbour approximately half of them. Indeed, whole-genome comparisons reveal a 70% -genetic similarity between the two species, indicating a common genetic ancestry. However, evidence of horizontal genetic transfer has also been reported.

The first pivotal step in infectious pathogenesis is the attachment to the host tissues. The M-protein, the most extensively studied Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis virulence factor, has been documented to facilitate both adherence to and internalization into host cells. Other adhesins have also been described, including the genes gfba, fnB, fbBA, fnBB, lmb and gapC; all mediating binding to fibronectin. gfba was recently shown contribute to bacterial internalization into endothelial cells and intracellular persistence. These properties may explain the tendency of recurrent bacteraemia observed in human cases caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis .

In order to establish infection, the bacteria need to escape the host immune response, and in streptococci, a varied arsenal of bacterial strategies have been described. The M-protein aids in immune evasion by inhibiting phagocytosis and inactivating the complement system. Furthermore, Streptococcus dysgalactiae possesses protein G, a virulence factor binding circulating immunoglobulins, and thus interfering with the host antibody response. DrsG, a virulence protein abrogating the effect of antimicrobial peptides secreted by human immune cells, is also harboured by a subset of strains of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis.

Several toxins and secreted enzymes have been identified in Streptococcus dysgalactiae, including the haemolysins Streptolysin O (SLO) and Streptolysin S (SLS), and a correlation between the expression of SLO and SLS and disease severity has been inferred. speGdys, a homolog of the S. pyogenes superantigen speG, has been documented in some S. dysgalactiae strains. However, it only appears to possess superantigen-capabilities in animals, and its relevance in human disease has yet to be elucidated. Streptokinase appears to be ubiquitous in S. dysgalactiae, enabling fibrinolysis and aiding in bacterial spreading through tissues.

Recently, a capacity to form biofilm was reported, facilitating survival and proliferation in hostile environments. Although this potentially could have implications for the treatment of S. dysgalactiae-infections, its clinical significance has not yet been determined.

References

External links
Type strain of Streptococcus dysgalactiae at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Streptococcaceae


The Working Boys Home is a historic orphanage building at 333 Nahanton Street in Newton, Massachusetts.

The four story Romanesque brick building was designed by church architects constructed William H. and John A. McGinty, and built in 1896.  The building follows a rough H pattern, with a seven-story tower at the right front.  The building's walls are red brick, with granite trim elements.  The roof is slate, with copper flashing and two coppered cupolas.  The building cost $300,000 to build, a large sum for the time, and very nearly bankrupted the organization, which provided housing for homeless boys in exchange for a share of their wages.  The facility was managed by the Xaverian Brothers until the 1970s.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.  The property is now the campus of the Leventhal-Sidman Jewish Community Center.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

External links
Leventhal-Sidman Jewish Community Center website

National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures completed in 1896
Buildings and structures in Newton, Massachusetts
Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Jewish Community Centers in the United States
Jews and Judaism in Massachusetts


Streptococcus zooepidemicus is a Lancefield group C streptococcus that was first isolated in 1934 by P. R. Edwards, and named Animal pyogens A. It is a mucosal commensal and opportunistic pathogen that infects several animals and humans, but most commonly isolated from the uterus of mares. It is a subspecies of Streptococcus equi, a contagious upper respiratory tract infection of horses, and shares greater than 98% DNA homology, as well as many of the same virulence factors.

Morphology
Streptococcus zooepidemicus are gram-positive, non-sporulating, non-motile, catalase and oxidase negative cocci. S. zooepidemicus is encapsulated, with a capsular polysaccharide containing hyaluronic acid, as well as being facultative anaerobes. The cells usually form in pairs, or as long chains. When plated on agar, colonies are usually 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter, circular, and opaque colored. They also have a smooth surface and a convex elevation. Its optimal temperature of growth is 37 degrees Celsius.

Biochemistry
Hemolysis on blood agar is beta-hemolytic. It ferments D-glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, salicin, D-sorbitol, and starch, but is negative for others like D-mannitol, glycerol, and inulin. S. zooepidemicus is also positive for Ala-Phe-Pro, Leucine, and Tyrosine arylamidase, all of which catalyze hydrolysis of amino acid residues from amino terminus of polypeptide chains. Antibiotic wise, S. zooepidemicus is highly susceptible to Penicillin, usually give for treatment, as well as Ampicillin and Erythromycin, but is extremely resistant to Novobiocin, Optochin, and Tribrissen.

Genomic structure
The genome of S. zooepidemicus is a single circular chromosome of 2,024,171 base pairs. The G+C content of the genome is 42.59%, very close in value to S. equi, which is at the higher end of the genus for G+C content. It has 1961 predicted protein coding sequences, with an average length of 879 base pairs each, and coding for an approximate value of 292 amino acids. These coding regions make up approximately 85% of the genome. The genome has five ribosomal RNA operons, and 57 tRNAs. The overall similarity between S. zooepidemicus and S. equi, is over 92%.

S. zooepidemicus also produces a variety of extracellular proteins, about 100 genes identified so far, making up 5% of the total genome. These genes coding for extracellular proteins are slightly longer in length then others, approximately 478 amino acids each. 44 of these proteins are cell wall anchored surface proteins, which is a high number for Streptococcus species. This is one of the factors that lead to the high pathogenicity of S. zooepidemicus.

Strains

Known strains include:

 ATCC 43079
 CCUG 23256
 CIPP 103228
 DSM 20727
 LMG 16030
 NCDO 1358
 NCIMB 701358
 NCTC 4676

Metabolism
The by-products of S. zooepidemicus fermentation is hyaluronic and lactic acid. The fermentation process is regulated by the production of hyaluronic acid. When high concentrations of the hyaluronic acid by-product are present, it will inhibit the production of more fermentation product. However, this fermentation process consumes high amounts of energy due to a number of factors. These factors include hyaluronic acid being severely limited, strong competition between hyaluronic synthesis and cell growth, and lactic acid being the main by-product of fermentation; which also will inhibit the overall fermentation process. Since hyaluronic acid is important for the virulence of S. zooepidemicus, as well as a valuable commercial production, hyaluronic acid production is constantly trying to be increased in industry and within the organism.

Commercial uses for hyaluronic acid include an ingredient in cosmetics, skin filler for anti-aging and lip injections, in viscosurgery, and a lubricating substance in arthritic joints.

Virulence
Pathogenic gram positive bacteria species express cell-wall associated proteins that interact in various ways with the extracellular environment. These are made in order to benefit the organism for survival, as well as to help with establishing infection. Attachment to the epithelium cell surfaces is a critical step in the establishment of infection, and starting colonization. Overall, S. zooepidemicus is known to be more pathogenic then the S. equi species.

Virulence factors
Some cell-surface virulence factors, which all contribute to the pathogenicity of S. zooepidemicus, include:

 SzP proteins: similar to a surface M-protein, this protein is anti-phagocytic and anti-opsonization, with impairs with host protection. This is one of the most important virulence factors.
 FNZ protein: binds specifically to fibronectin, which is present on most host cell walls. This allows it to easily bind to and enter cells.
 FNZ2 protein: binds to collagen, also present on host cell walls, and fibronectin (similar to FNZ).
 SodA protein: destroys toxic free radicals, which are made by the host as a defensive mechanism.
 SeM: produces enterotoxins.

Pathology
Streptococcus zooepidemicus is able to infect many different animals, such as horses, cows, rabbits, pigs, dogs, and cats. In animals, these symptoms can include fever, inflammation of thorax, lymph nodes, or abdomen, bronchopneumonia, sepsis, mastitis, and more. In Horses, S. zooepidemicus is normal flora bacterium, but is opportunistic and therefore will infect wounds, the respiratory system, and uterine, if given the chance. In horses, which are most commonly infected, this bacterium causes an upper respiratory tract infection (along with the other symptoms). This infection causes a highly contagious and deadly disease in horses. This will be caused by spreading of nasal discharge or lymph nodes in feed troughs, bedding, etc.

Human disease
S. zooepidemicus, which is considered a zoonotic pathogen, has rarely been isolated in humans, and infection is usually very rare. Infections are only known to be severe in immunocompromised people, namely the elderly who spent time around horses. There has also been cases of people acquiring the pathogen from homemade or unpasteurized milk or cheese. Most common symptoms of glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever, meningitis, arthritis and more, leading to the death of several patients.

Outbreaks

Before 2017, there has been 32 reported cases of infections due to Streptococcus zooepidemicus.

In 2004, a 63-year-old man developed left thigh pain and swelling, which evolved into fevers, rigors, and skin rash. Two days, he experienced vertigo and vomiting, and was emitted into the hospital where he was treated with acute labyrinthitis, followed by meningococcal sepsis. Hypertension ensued, and edema of the left thigh muscle was discovered during surgery. These treatments were continued, but the patient went into progressive organ failure, followed by muscle necrosis, and ventricular tachycardia. The patient later went into circulatory and respiratory failure, before passing away less than 48 hours after being emitted into the hospital.

Muscle biopsies determined S. zooepidemicus, as well as evidence of an unidentified superantigen exotoxin, to be the cause of infection, and toxic-shock like syndrome to be the cause of death. It was always noteworthy that the patient had frequent contact with horses, pigs, and cattle. This case study specifically is interesting as it strongly suggests an unidentified novel exotoxin, possibly produced by S. zooepidemicus.

In 2008, a 59-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room due to body weakness and lightheadedness when standing, which starting three weeks prior. Over the past couple of days before being emitted she also reported shortness of breath, as well as resting tremors, rhinorrhea, and a chronic cough. She had a vast medicine history including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney failure, and more. She was treated for severe orthostatic hypo-tension, but in the following days complained of symptoms, and had test results that suggested meningitis. Various symptoms continued for almost a month until a blood culture tested positive for Streptococcus zooepidemicus. The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics for six weeks, and her condition gradually improved. The patient stated there was a horse stable on her property, but she only visited it occasionally.

References

Streptococcaceae


Maxacteon hancocki is a species of small sea snail, a marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Acteonidae, the barrel bubble snails.

Description
The length of the shell attains 6 mm. It has a headshield with a pair of fleshy lobes; thin operculum. The white shell shows orange-brown markings at the base and at the apex. It contains a  large body whorl. The large columella is slightly twisted. The shell is sculptured with grooves

Distribution
This species is found in moderately deep water off the northern coast of North Island, New Zealand.

References

 Powell A W B, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979
 The Seaslug forum : maxacteon hancocki

External links
 Spencer H.G., Willan R.C., Marshall B.A. & Murray T.J. (2011). Checklist of the Recent Mollusca Recorded from the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone

Acteonidae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1971


The 1978 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Hordern Pavilion in Sydney, Australia and was part of the 1978 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. The tournament was held from 16 October through 22 October 1978. First-seeded Jimmy Connors won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Jimmy Connors defeated  Geoff Masters 6–0, 6–0, 6–4
 It was Connors' 10th title of the year and the 84th of his career.

Doubles

 John Newcombe /  Tony Roche defeated  Mark Edmondson /  John Marks 6–4, 6–3
 It was Newcombe's only title of the year and the 65th of his career. It was Roche's 2nd title of the year and the 27th of his career.

References

External links
 ITF tournament edition details

Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships
Australian Indoor Tennis Championships
In
Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships
Sports competitions in Sydney
Tennis in New South Wales


Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis is a species of Streptococcus, initially described by Frost in 1936. As a result of several DNA hybridization studies in 1983, the species was merged into Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Subsequently, S. dysgalactiae was divided into the subspecies Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae. Although the name Streptococcus equisimilis is no longer valid, it is still encountered both in clinical practice, and in scientific journals.

References

Streptococcaceae


The John Woodward House is a historic house at 50 Fairlee Road in Newton, Massachusetts.  Built sometime before 1686, it is one of the city's oldest surviving buildings.  It is a -story timber-frame structure, with a large central chimney, and is four bays wide and one deep.  Its front entry has sidelight windows that were probably added in the 19th century, and the entry is enclosed in a Colonial Revival portico.  The house was for 275 years owned by the family of John Woodward, one of Newton's early settlers.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1686
1686 establishments in the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Colonial architecture in Massachusetts


Joe Cobb (1916–2002) was an American child actor.

Joe Cobb may also refer to:
Joe Cobb (baseball) (1895–1947), baseball player
Joe Cobb (footballer) (born 1990), English football defender
Joe Cobb (Arizona politician)
Joe Cobb (racing driver), father of current driver and owner Jennifer Jo Cobb


The Winslow–Haskell Mansion, also known locally as The Castle, is a historic house at 53 Vista Avenue in Newton, Massachusetts.  The large Gothic Victorian house was built c. 1870, and enlarged and remodeled in 1882.  The early construction included Gothic pointed-arch windows and vergeboard trim.  Later work added Queen Anne styling, including the three-story tower, with polychrome roofing and cement-like wall surfacing.  It has several ornately decorated porches.  The house was purchased in 1872 by Edwin Haskell, owner of the Boston Herald.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, and included in the Lasell Neighborhood Historic District in 1986.  It was converted into a multiunit condominium in the 1980s.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Gothic Revival architecture in Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1870
Historic district contributing properties in Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts


Abbey Creek is a tidal river channel of the River Lea in London. It runs on the opposite side of Channelsea Island to the Channelsea River.

See also
 Bow Back Rivers

External links
 Three Mills Conservation Area: Character Appraisal and Management Proposals, London Borough of Newham, 14 December 2006
 Picture of Abbey Creek and the Channelsea River (about halfway down the page)

Rivers of London


The Windsor Road Historic District is a residential historic district just north of the village of Waban in Newton, Massachusetts.It includes 48 houses on Windsor, Kent and Hereford Roads, a cul-de-sac subdivision adjacent to the village center and the Brae Burn Country Club, which was mostly developed between 1888 and 1920. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Description and history
The Windsor Road area was among the landholdings of William Strong, a farmer and real estate developer, who acquired  in 1875. He actively promoted the construction of the Circuit Railroad (now the MBTA Green Line D branch), which arrived in 1888, and formed the nucleus of Waban village. Strong laid roads out on his land, and between 1888 and 1907 fifteen houses were built on Windsor Road. By 1950, the area was built out by the addition of another twenty houses, and by construction of the Brae Burn Country Club.

Windsor Road extends northward from the center of Waban village, and turns west before ending at a dead end adjacent to the country club. Kent and Hereford are spur roads between Windsor Road and the country club. The district is  in size, and includes a total of 48 residences on large landscaped lots. Several of these houses were designed by architects, including Strong's own house at 48 Windsor Road, built in 1896 to design by H. Langford Warren, and 102 Windsor, also designed by Warren. Both of these houses are Queen Anne in style, with Shingle overtones. The Colonial Revival is well-represented in the district, with fine examples at 55 Windsor (1897) and 63 Windsor (1903). There are also fairly early examples of Tudor Revival houses at 92 Windsor and 210 Kent Road. The district has only four houses that were built after 1950; none of them contribute to its historic significance.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Historic districts in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts


Alexander Lauder (born 1899; date of death unknown) was a Scottish footballer who played at inside-forward for Port Vale in the Football League in the early 1920s.

Career
Lauder joined Port Vale from Partick Thistle for a £300 fee in November 1921, after impressing on trial the previous month. He scored his first goal in the Football League in a 2–1 defeat to Coventry City at The Old Recreation Ground on 30 January. He was released at the end of the 1921–22 season after having scored three goals in 21 Second Division games.

Career statistics
Source:

References

1899 births
Year of death missing
Footballers from Glasgow
Scottish men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Partick Thistle F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players


Events in the year 1959 in Norway.

Incumbents
 Monarch – Olav V
 Prime Minister – Einar Gerhardsen (Labour Party)

Events

 16 February – The Norwegian National Opera and Ballet holds its first performance in Folketeatret in Oslo.
 26 June – The "Farmers' Party" (Bondepartiet) changes its name to the "Centre Party" (Senterpartiet).
 19 July – Nikita Khrushchev cancels a planned visit to Norway, among others due to an alleged anti-Soviet press coverage.
 29 December – The Norwegian government signs the EFTA free trade treaty. Norway becomes an EFTA member.
 Municipal and county elections are held throughout the country.

Popular culture

Sports

Music

Film

Literature
Harald Sverdrup, poet and children's writer, is awarded the Mads Wiel Nygaard's Endowment literary prize.

Notable births

19 January
Arne Borgstrøm, swimmer.
Sigmund Steinnes, politician (died 2018).
27 January – Elizabeth Norberg-Schulz, operatic soprano.
10 February – Steinar Ness, politician.
13 February – Arne Thomassen, politician.
23 February – Sidsel Wold, correspondent and non-fiction writer.
27 February – Tore Sagvolden, orienteering competitor.
9 March – Nils T. Bjørke, farmer, organisational leader and politician.
10 March – Ruth Mari Grung, politician.
16 March – Jens Stoltenberg, prime minister and Secretary-General of NATO
23 March – Unni Larsen, racing cyclist and dogsled racer.
1 April – Pål Farstad, politician.
3 April – Hanne Bramness, poet and translator.
2 May – Sanna Grønlid, biathlete.
6 May – Morten Staubo, speed skater.
27 June – Thure Erik Lund, author
29 June – Harald Tveit Alvestrand, computer scientist
5 July – Synnøve Brenden Klemetrud, politician
8 July – Tom Egeland, author
27 August – Frode Fjellheim, Sami musician
14 September – Morten Harket, A-ha lead singer
29 September – Jon Fosse, author and dramatist
21 October – Åslaug Haga, politician and Minister
1 November – Pål Gerhard Olsen, author.
7 November – Kristin Glosimot Kjelsberg, handball player.
28 November – Lars Sørgard, economist and civil servant.
2 December – Hans Kristian Amundsen, newspaper editor and politician (d. 2018)
28 December – Ragnhild Noer, judge.

Notable deaths
21 March – Hartvig Caspar Christie, politician (born 1893)
17 May – Alf Grindrud, politician (born 1904)
16 June – Konrad Knudsen, painter, journalist and politician (born 1890)
3 July – Johan Bojer, novelist and dramatist (born 1872)
15 July – Peter Egge, writer (born 1869)
28 July – Roald Larsen, speed skater and Olympic silver medallist (born 1898)
5 September – Sigvald Hasund, researcher of agriculture, politician and Minister (born 1868)
21 November – Olav Meisdalshagen, politician and Minister (born 1903)

Full date unknown
Eivind Berggrav, Lutheran bishop (born 1884)
Sverre Grette, judge (born 1888)
Kristian Hansson, jurist and civil servant (born 1895)
Olaf Norli, bookseller and publisher (born 1861)
Lars Slagsvold, veterinarian (born 1887)
Sverre Kornelius Eilertsen Støstad, politician and Minister (born 1887)
G. Unger Vetlesen, shipbuilder and philanthropist (born 1889)

See also

References

External links


Whittemore's Tavern is a historic building at 473 Auburn Street in the Auburndale village of Newton, Massachusetts. It was operated as a tavern for a time in the 18th century, but it is now a private residence. The -story wood-frame house was built c. 1724, probably by William Robinson II, sone of one of Auburndale's early settlers. It served as a tavern in the 1760s, when Auburn Street was a major east–west thoroughfare. The asymmetrical window placement on the front facade suggests that the house may have been built in stages.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Georgian architecture in Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1724
Buildings and structures in Newton, Massachusetts
1724 establishments in the Province of Massachusetts Bay


The Strossmayer Gallery of Old Masters () is a fine art museum in Zagreb, Croatia exhibiting the collection donated to the city by Bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer in 1884. Located at 11 Nikola Šubić Zrinski Square, it forms part of the  Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti).

The Strossmayer Gallery holding includes around 4,000 works, of which some 250 are on display, with the remainder in storage, or on display at other museums or gallery institutions in Croatia.

History

The Strossmayer Gallery of Old Masters opened in November 1884, named after its founder, Josip Juraj Strossmayer, the bishop of Đakovo. The Academy itself, with the bishop as patron, had been founded in 1866 and had moved into its specially built premises in the Zrinevac park in 1880, with a floor reserved to house the bishop's art collection.

Bishop Strossmayer had been buying paintings for 30 years, since his appointment as bishop of Đakovo in 1850. He began with Italian art, mainly Renaissance works from Florence and Venice. In the 1870s, however, he diversified into the schools of northern Europe, and 17th-century art. In 1868, he decided to donate his collection to the Croatian people, entrusting it to the Academy. He oversaw the building of a Viennese style neo-Renaissance palace in Zagreb, designed by the architect Friedrich von Schmidt, so that the works of art could be adequately presented to the public. The gallery was opened to the public on 9 November 1884, displaying 256 works of art.

Over the years, such a prestigious collection attracted further donations, including those of contemporary artists. The expansion led in 1934 to the founding of the Modern Gallery to hold the more recent works. Other additions to the collection included  acquisitions and donations from notable philanthropists such as Ivan Ružić, Marquis Etienne de Piennes, Ante Topić Mimara and Zlatko Baloković.

In 2020, the art gallery building was damaged by a strong earthquake, and is closed as of 2021 due to repairs.

Collections

The Strossmayer Gallery exhibits the works of European painters from 14th-19th century. The holdings have been classified into three major groups: Italian, French and Northern European (German, Flemish and Dutch) works, and also some works by Croatian artists. They were given the collective name of Schiavoni, deriving from the Italian name for Slavs. Although born on the eastern shore of the Adriatic, their lives and work were associated with Italy.

In addition to the paintings in the gallery, the Academy building also houses the Baška Tablet (Bašćanska ploča),  the oldest known example of Glagolitic script, dating from 1102. A large statue of Bishop Strossmayer by Ivan Meštrović is located in the park behind the academy.

See also

 Modern Gallery, Zagreb
 Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb
 Croatian Museum of Naïve Art

References

External links

 Strossmayer Gallery of Old Masters on the HAZU website
 Strossmayer Gallery on the MDC site
 Old Masters Academy

Art museums and galleries in Zagreb
Donji grad, Zagreb
Art museums established in 1884
1884 establishments in Croatia


Monster Shark () is a science fiction-horror film directed by Lamberto Bava. It was also released in various countries as Devil Fish, Monster from the Red Ocean, Devouring Waves and Shark: Red in the Ocean.

Plot
The film takes place along a stretch of coastline somewhere in Florida, where a local tourist spot has become plagued by a mysterious marine creature. Unbeknownst to them, the monster is the product of a secret military experiment; it is a genetic hybrid mutated from a common octopus and the prehistoric Dunkleosteus. Unfortunately, the creature has broken loose and is now feeding on swimmers and tourists swimming or sailing along the coast. As the monster is only an infant, it will continue to grow if it is left to hunt much longer.

A team of scientists led by a scientist named Peter and his colleague, Dr. Stella Dickens, are trying to find the creature and stop it; meanwhile, a group of military scientists are trying to stop the scientists, as the experiment was classified military business. The creature slowly picks off both groups while they try to track it down. They eventually find it hiding in the Everglades, corner it in shallow waters, and kill it with repeated blasts from flamethrowers.

Cast
 Michael Sopkiw as Peter
 Valentine Monnier as Dr. Stella Dickens
 Gianni Garko as Sheriff Gordon
 William Berger as Professor Donald West
 Iris Peynado as Sandra Hayes
 Dino Conti as Dr. Bob Hogan
 Cinzia de Ponti as Florinda
 Paul Branco as Dr. Davis Barker
 Dagmar Lassander as Sonja West

Reception
TV Guide called it "wholly amateurish" and criticized the film's unconvincing monster. Star Michael Sopkiw attributes the film's flaws and negative reviews to the production's limited budget, saying that Lamberto Bava was a great director.

Mystery Science Theater 3000
On August 15, 1998, Monster Shark, under its alternative title of Devil Fish, was featured on an episode of the movie-mocking television series Mystery Science Theater 3000, on which it was spoofed for its poor acting and erratic editing. One scene of this film contains a brief glimpse of a male character's genitals, the show censored by superimposing the MST3K logo, and two key death scenes were removed.

See also
Sharktopus

Footnotes

References

External links

1980s horror films
English-language French films
English-language Italian films
1980s Italian-language films
Films about cephalopods
1980s science fiction horror films
1980s multilingual films
Films about sharks
Italian science fiction horror films
Italian multilingual films
Films about shark attacks
Giant monster films
Natural horror films
French multilingual films
French science fiction horror films
Films directed by Lamberto Bava
Films set in the United States
Films scored by Guido & Maurizio De Angelis
Films scored by Fabio Frizzi
1980s Italian films
1980s French films


The Samuel Wheat House is a historic house at 399 Waltham Street in Newton, Massachusetts.  It is a -story timber-frame house, five bays wide, with a gambrel roof and clapboard siding.  The front entrance is flanked by pilasters and topped by a gabled pediment.  The house was built c. 1735, probably for Dr. Samuel Wheat, Jr, and is one of the oldest houses in the city.  It was probably built with the gambrel roof, but the dormers are a 19th-century addition.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

Houses completed in 1735
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Georgian architecture in Massachusetts


Michael Nankin (born December 26, 1955) is an American film and television writer, director and producer. He has been nominated for the Humanitas Prize for his writing.

Career
Nankin's film career began in 1976 with a short film called Gravity. Nankin co-wrote and co-directed the project with David Wechter. The pair followed this up with another short, Junior High School. They produced their first feature-length project in 1980, a comedy called Midnight Madness. Nankin scripted a horror film called The Gate which was released in 1987. The film marked the acting debut of Stephen Dorff. The same year he received a screenplay credit for Russkies. In 1989 he wrote a sequel to The Gate entitled The Gate II: Trespassers.

Nankin became involved in television as a director, writer and producer on Life Goes On in 1990. The series was created by Michael Braverman and focused on a Chicago family. He joined the series in its second season as a producer. He was promoted to supervising producer for the third season. He was promoted to co-executive producer for the fourth season. He scripted nine episodes of the series before its cancellation in 1993. He also directed eight episodes of the series. Nankin also wrote for Picket Fences in 1992.

In 1994 Nankin became a consulting producer, writer and director for Chicago Hope. Nankin was nominated for a Humanitas Prize in the 60 minute category for his work on the Chicago Hope episode "Shutt Down" (co-written with Michael Braverman). He returned to Picket Fences as a director and producer in 1995, directing a single episode. He also wrote the story for a pilot episode for a new version of Flipper but was not involved with the ongoing series that followed.

Nankin worked as a writer and director for American Gothic in 1995 and 1996. He wrote and directed the episode "Potato Boy" and directed a second episode. He also directed episodes of Moloney and Early Edition in 1996. Nankin served as a co-executive producer on the action series Roar in 1997. Nankin wrote one episode and directed one episode of the series, which starred Heath Ledger. Only 13 episodes were produced and the second half of the series did not air until 2000.

In 2000 Nankin directed episodes of Strong Medicine and Cover Me: Based on the True Life of an FBI Family. In 2001 he directed the TV movie The Agency and several episodes of the series that followed the film. In 2002 Nankin directed the pilot episode for a series called Septuplets. Nankin was also credited as an executive producer. The pilot was not picked up by a network. He also directed episodes of Monk that year.

In 2004 Nankin served as a consulting producer for the short lived WB family drama The Mountain. He wrote one episode of the series. He directed episodes of Veritas: The Quest and Invasion in 2005.

He worked as a regular director for the reimagined Battlestar Galactica. His involvement with the series began in 2005 with the second season and he directed eight episodes before its conclusion in 2009. He often worked alongside writing team Bradley Thompson and David Weddle and five of his eight episodes were scripted by the pair. While working on Battlestar Galactica, Nankin also directed episodes of The Dresden Files, Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles, and Eureka. He also directed the TV movie Break-In in 2006.

In 2009 Nankin followed Thompson and Weddle from Battlestar Galactica to CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and he directed their script for the twentieth episode of the ninth season. In 2020, he directed an episode on The Good Lord Bird.

References

External links

Living people
American television directors
American television writers
American male television writers
American male screenwriters
Television producers from California
People from Hollywood, Los Angeles
1955 births
Screenwriters from California


Enterococcus solitarius is a species of the genus Enterococcus. It is gram-positive, catalase-negative, and facultatively anaerobic. It was discovered in 1989 alongside Enterococcus raffinosus and Enterococcus pseudoavium

Transfer to Tetragenococcus has been proposed.

References

solitarius
Bacteria described in 1989


The former Weeks Junior High School, also known as John Wingate Weeks Junior High School, is a historic school located at 7 Hereward Road, corner of Rowena Road in the village of Newton Center in Newton, Massachusetts. Built in 1930, it was named for John Wingate Weeks (April 11, 1860 – July 12, 1926), who was mayor of Newton 1903–1904 before becoming a United States representative from Massachusetts from 1905 to 1913, a United States Senator from 1913 to 1919, and the United States Secretary of War from 1921 to 1925. He also was a co-founder in 1888 of the investment firm Hornblower & Weeks. His son Sinclair Weeks was mayor of Newton when the school was opened.

Weeks Junior High School was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Today the former Weeks Junior High School building is John W. Weeks House, a HUD apartment complex owned by the city and managed by the Newton Community Development Foundation, Inc.

Gallery

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

External links

 HABS architectural drawings, notes and photographs are available by going to HABS search page and entering Weeks Junior High School in the search.

National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
School buildings completed in 1930
Schools in Newton, Massachusetts
1930 establishments in Massachusetts


Enterococcus durans is a species of Enterococcus.
It is a gram-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, coccus bacterium. The organism is also a facultative anaerobic organism. Prior to 1984, it was known as Streptococcus durans.

Certain strains have also been identified as producers of anti-inflammatory agents, which are being studied in medical research.

References

Further reading

External links
 Type strain of Enterococcus durans at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

durans
 Anti-inflammatory agents
Bacteria described in 1937


Enterococcus avium, a species of Enterococcus, is most commonly found in birds.  Rarely, it is also a cause of infection in humans, and in such cases, may be vancomycin-resistant, and is referred to as VREA.  VREA cases in humans have been successfully treated with linezolid.

References

External links
 Type strain of Enterococcus avium at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

avium
Bacteria described in 1967


The Webster Park Historic District is a residential historic district in Newton, Massachusetts, encompassing a very early residential subdivision designed by nationally known landscape architect Alexander Wadsworth and laid out in 1844.  The district includes Webster Park, a lozenge-shaped park, along with a collection of houses flanking the park and extending eastward along Webster Street.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

The district includes  of a  subdivision laid out in 1844 after the Boston and Worcester Railroad was built near the area in 1834.  This surviving element was the earliest portion of the area to be developed, and has 26 houses, all but three of which contribute to the district's significance.  The district was laid out by Wadsworth, best known for his contribution to the landscaping of Mount Auburn Cemetery, on commission for William Porter, a real estate speculator.  Most of the houses in the district were built between 1847 and 1870, with Gothic Revival and Italianate styling predominant. Only three houses were built after 1900.

The Gothic Revival structures are the most visually significant of the district.  There are eight such houses, which are nearly identical in basic structure, having all been designed by Edward Shaw, a Boston architect who had published a popular book on architecture.  He was hired by builder John Rollins, who acquired many of the lots laid out by Wadsworth.  Although siding has at least partially compromised the integrity of some of these houses, most of them retain at least some original elements of their styling.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Historic districts in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts


Five Stone Arch Bridges is a cluster of stone arch bridges in Hillsborough, New Hampshire, United States that have been designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers.

History
The stone arch bridges were built during the 19th century, when there was a need for sturdier construction to replace weaker wooden bridges. The design required exceptional skill by stonecutters. Each stone had to fit just right. At one time there were twelve stone arch bridges in Hillsborough. The designation of the five remaining structures as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) in 2002 had much to do with their close proximity to one another.

Fred Rhyner, a member of the ASCE New Hampshire Section and a vice president at Haley & Aldrich Engineering in Manchester, filed the nomination application for the historic landmark. His interest in the remarkable cluster of stone arch bridges began while he was working on a New Hampshire DOT bridge project on the Second New Hampshire Turnpike in 1996. It took three years to gather all the information together. The application was filed in 1999.

The Hillsborough town website states that the arch bridge near U.S. Route 202 (Sawyer Bridge) "is going to become the focal point of a public park," although it is unclear if there are active plans to do this. Selectman Robert Buker described the park surrounding the stone arch bridge at Route 202 as an attempt to balance commercial growth on the west end of town with historic preservation. A New Hampshire historical marker and an ASCE landmark plaque for the stone arch bridges are both located near Sawyer Bridge.

Bridges

See also
New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 203: Stone Arch Bridges

References

External links
American Society of Civil Engineers - Five Stone Arch Bridges

Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks
Road bridges in New Hampshire
Hillsborough, New Hampshire
Bridges in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire
Stone arch bridges in the United States


Henry Cole (1808–1882) was an English civil servant and inventor.

Henry Cole may also refer to:

Henry Cole (priest) (c. 1500–1579/80), English Roman Catholic churchman and academic
Henry Cole (minister) (1792–1858), Anglican curate
Henry Cole (Conservative politician) (1809–1890), British politician, cricketer and army officer
Henry A. Cole (1838–1909), American cavalry colonel of the American Civil War
Henry Thomas Cole (1874–1880), British Member of Parliament for Penryn and Falmouth
Henry Cole (illustrator) (born 1955), American author and illustrator of children's books
Henry Cole (basketball), American basketball player and coach
Henry Cole (presenter) British TV presenter, director and producer

See also
Harry Cole (disambiguation)


Busan or Pusan (; Bu-san) is the second-largest city of South Korea.

Busan or Bu San or similar, may refer to:

Places
 Busan-myeon, a myeon (township) in Jangheung County, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
 Busan, the modern site of the Ancient city and bishopric Bosana (Syria), now a Latin Catholic titular see

Bridges
 Busan Bridge
 Busan Bridge, an old name of Yeongdo Bridge
 Busan Harbor Bridge

Ports
Busan Harbor
Busan Naval Base

Stations
Busan Station, a railway station

Sports
 Busan Asiad Main Stadium
 Busan Yachting Center

People and characters
 Cha Bu-san, a fictional character from South Korean TV show Will It Snow for Christmas?
 Park Bu-san, a fictional character from South Korean TV show All About My Romance

Institutions

Museums
 Busan Museum
 Busan Marine Natural History Museum
 Busan Modern History Museum
 Korea National Maritime Museum

Universities
Busan
 Busan Arts College
 Busan Institute of Science and Technology
 Busan National University of Education
 Busan University of Foreign Studies, also known as "Pusan University of Foreign Studies"

Pusan
 Pusan National University

Other uses
 Busan International Film Festival
 Busan International Fireworks Festival
 Goodbye, Dragon Inn (不散, "Bu san"), 2003 Taiwanese film

See also

 Fu San (disambiguation)
 Pu San (disambiguation)
 San (disambiguation)
 BU (disambiguation)
 Boo (disambiguation)

 San Bu


The Dr. Samuel Warren House is a historic house in the West Newton village of Newton, Massachusetts.  The oldest part of the house, its southern portion, was built c. 1716 by William Williams, an early settler of the area, and expanded to its present size around 1751.  It was originally located near Washington Street, but was moved to its present location in the second half of the 19th century.  The building has had a succession of owners prominent in the development of West Newton, including the physician Dr. Samuel Warren and the educator Nathaniel Topliff Allen.  It was converted for use as professional offices in 1960.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

Houses completed in 1716
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Georgian architecture in Massachusetts
1716 establishments in the Province of Massachusetts Bay


Cool Water is the eleventh album by English progressive rock band Caravan, released in 1994. It is a compilation of old recordings, including their unreleased 2nd Arista album shelved in 1978.

Track listing
All songs written by Pye Hastings

"Cool Water" – 4:07
"Just the Way You Are" – 3:43
"Tuesday Is Rock and Roll Nite" – 4:21
"The Crack of the Willow" – 5:35
"Ansaphone" – 4:59
"Cold Fright" – 5:21
"Side By Side" – 4:40
"You Won’t Get Me Up in One of Those" – 3:54
"To the Land of My Fathers" – 4:56
"Poor Molly" – 5:54
"Send Reinforcements" – 4:48

Personnel
 Pye Hastings – acoustic guitar, guitars, arrangements, vocals
 Jimmy Hastings – saxophone (tracks 8 - 11)
 Jan Schelhaas – organ, piano, keyboards, Minimoog (tracks 1-7)
 Rod Edwards – keyboards (tracks 8-11)
 Richard Sinclair – bass guitar (tracks 1-7)
 John Gustafson – bass (tracks 8-11)
 Richard Coughlan – drums, percussion (tracks 1-7)
 Ian Mosley – drums (tracks 8-11)
 Recorded by John Burns and Maurice Haylett

producer   = Julian Gordon Hastings, son of Pye Hastings

Release information
 1994:	CD Pony Canyon PCCY-00613
 1995:	CD Magnum America 7
 1998:	CD Castle 18
 2002:	CD Sanctuary 335
 2003:	CD Classic Rock Legends 1007

References

External links

 Caravan - Cool Water (1994) album review by Jason Anderson, credits & releases at AllMusic.com
 Caravan - Cool Water (1994) album releases & credits at Discogs.com
 Caravan - Cool Water (1994) album to be listened as stream at Play.Spotify.com

Caravan (band) albums
1994 albums


The Ware Paper Mill is a historic mill building at 2276 Washington Street in Newton, Massachusetts.  Built in 1790, it is a remnant of the first paper mill to be built on the banks of the Charles River.  The -story stone building was built by John Ware, a veteran of the American Revolutionary War, and was in use for paper production until 1938.  A brick addition was added to the rear of the building in the 19th century; its interior was effectively stripped in the 1973.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Newton, Massachusetts


Terence Cole or Terry Cole may refer to:

Terence Cole (cricketer) (1877–1944), cricketer
Terence Cole (jurist) (born 1937), Australian jurist
Terry Cole (stuntman), British TV and film stuntman
Terry Cole-Whittaker, minister who founded an independent New Thought church in San Diego, California
Terry Cole (American football), retired American football player
 Terry Cole, chief technologist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and senior faculty associate in the Caltech Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Minor planet 6447 Terrycole is named after him.