The College of Brown University is the undergraduate school of Brown University, in College Hill, Providence, Rhode Island. Founded in 1764, the College is the university's oldest school and the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States.

Compared to its peers, the College is distinguished by its Open Curriculum; adopted in 1969, the Open Curriculum permits students to study without any course requirements outside of their chosen concentration (major).

Admissions is among the most selective in the United States, with an acceptance rate of 5.0% for fall 2022.

History

On March 3, 1764, James Manning and Ezra Stiles filed a charter to create the College of Rhode Island. Their mission, as stated in the charter, was to prepare students "for discharging the Offices of Life" by providing instruction in the Vernacular Learned Languages, and in the liberal Arts and Sciences." Manning became the College's first president in 1765, and five years later the school moved to its present location on College Hill on the East Side of Providence.

In 1850, Brown President Francis Wayland wrote, "The various courses should be so arranged that, insofar as practicable, every student might study what he chose, all that he chose, and nothing but what he chose." However, the College did not make any major institutional changes for over a century. In 1969, the Open Curriculum was implemented, eliminating distribution requirements and allowing students to take any course Satisfactory/No Credit. In addition, the University eliminated pluses, minuses, and D grades in the letter grading system.

The current Dean of Brown's College is Rashid Zia, a class of 2001 Brown graduate. Previous deans have included Maud Mandel and Kenneth Sacks.

Academics

Degrees granted
The College offers two different baccalaureate degrees: Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) and Bachelor of Science (Sc.B.)

Dual degree programs
In addition to traditional degree programs, Brown offers a number of dual degree programs.

A.B./Sc.B.
Students have the ability to graduate in five years with both an A.B. and Sc.B. degree, provided that requirements for each degree are met. This is distinct from a double concentration, when students only receive one degree.

PLME

The Program in Liberal Medical Education is a single eight-year program that allows students to complete both an undergraduate degree (A.B. or Sc.B.) from The College and subsequently an M.D. degree from Alpert Medical School. Admission to PLME is highly competitive; in 2015, 90 students were granted admission out of an applicant pool of 2,290.

Brown-RISD
While students at the College have long been able to cross-register for classes at the nearby Rhode Island School of Design, it is now possible to complete a degree from Brown and a B.F.A. from RISD concurrently over a five-year period. Students must be admitted to both institutions separately in order to matriculate.

References

External links
 Official Website of The College of Brown University

Brown University
1764 establishments in Rhode Island


"Watch This" is a song recorded by American country music singer Clay Walker.  It was released in August 1997 as the third single from his album Rumor Has It.

The song is Walker's fourteenth single release, as well as his tenth Top Ten hit on the Billboard country singles charts.

Content
"Watch This" was written by Ron Harbin, Aaron Barker and Anthony L. Smith. The song is a mid-tempo ballad in which the male narrator encourages his female lover to trust him and fall in love with him.

The song features accompaniment from steel-string acoustic guitar and piano, with Dobro and fiddle flourishes.

Music video
A music video was filmed for this song and premiered in August 1997. It was directed by Bill Young.

Chart positions
"Watch This" is Walker's fourteenth Top 40 single on the Billboard country singles charts, making its debut at number 61 on the chart week of August 9, 1997. The song spent twenty weeks on the charts, peaking at number 4 on the chart week of November 22. It also peaked at number 13 on the RPM Country Tracks charts in Canada.

Charts

References

1997 singles
Clay Walker songs
Song recordings produced by James Stroud
Giant Records (Warner) singles
Songs written by Ron Harbin
Songs written by Anthony L. Smith
Songs written by Aaron Barker
1997 songs


George Seton of Careston FRSE FSA (25 June 1822 – 14 November 1908) was a Scottish philanthropist and genealogist.

Early life
Seton was born in Perth, Scotland, the son of Captain George Seton, an officer in the East India Company, and his wife, Margaret Hunter. The family lived at Potterhill, Bridgend, east across the River Tay from Perth. Seton was educated at Royal High School, Edinburgh, then studied law at University of Edinburgh, and Exeter College, and finally Oxford, from which he graduated in 1845.

Later life

Seton qualified as an advocate, passing the Scottish bar in 1846. Although Seton did practice as an advocate he soon focussed upon various other public offices: firstly as secretary to the Registrar General for Scotland (from 1854) and as Superintendent of the Civil Service examinations in Scotland (from 1862). As an advocate he lived at worked from 13 Coates Crescent in Edinburgh's West End.

Seton was one of the founders of the St Andrew Boat Club, the first vice-chairman of the Society for Improving the Condition of the Poor, a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1872 his proposer being Philip Kelland. However, his real love was genealogy, and in 1863 he published The Law and Practice of Heraldry in Scotland.

He retired in 1889.

In later life he lived at "St Benets", 42 Greenhill Gardens in south-west Edinburgh. The house was designed by John Henderson in 1860. The house was later acquired by the Roman Catholic Church and serves as the home for the Cardinal.

George Seton died in Edinburgh on 14 November 1908, aged 86.

Family

In 1849 he married Sarah Elizabeth Hunter (d.1883), second daughter of James William Hunter FRSE.

Their son George Seton was a tea-planter in India then set up business in London.

Tall soldiers
Over  in height, Seton served in the Royal Company of Archers and in 1859 raised his own company of volunteer grenadier artillerymen, all of whom were over 6 feet tall.

Works
 Genealogical Tables of the Kings of England and Scotland (1845)
 Treatment of Social Evils (1853)
 Sketch of the History and Imperfect Condition of the Parochial Records of Scotland (1854)
 The Law and Practice of Heraldry in Scotland (1863)
 Gossip about Letters and Letter Writers (1870)
 The Convent of St Catherine of Sienna in Edinburgh (1871)
 The Social Pyramid (1878)
 St Kilda Past and Present (1878)
 Amusements for the People (1880)
 The Life of Alexander Seton, Earl of Dunfermline (1888)
 The House of Moncrieff (1890)
 History of the Family of Seton (2 vols., 1896)

References

 T. F. Henderson, "Seton, George (1822–1908), genealogist and historian," Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

Scottish philanthropists
Scottish genealogists
George
1822 births
1908 deaths
People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
Members of the Royal Company of Archers
19th-century British philanthropists
People from Bridgend, Perth and Kinross


Columbia University in New York City, New York, as one of the oldest universities in the United States, has been the subject of numerous aspects of popular culture. Film historian Rob King explains that the university's popularity with filmmakers has to do with its being one of the few colleges with a physical campus located in New York City, and its neoclassical architecture, which "aestheticizes America’s intellectual history," making Columbia an ideal shooting location and setting for productions that involve urban universities. Additionally, campus monuments such as Alma Mater and the university's copy of The Thinker have come to symbolize academic reflection and university prestige in popular culture. Room 309 in Havemeyer Hall has been described as the most filmed college classroom in the United States.

Historical events on Columbia's campus have also served to draw attention to the university. The Beat Generation, which began at Columbia with students Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, and Lucien Carr, among others, is often associated with the university, which served as a conservative backdrop to the writers' literary experimentation. The university has often been portrayed in relation to the movement, including in Vanity of Duluoz by Kerouac and the film Kill Your Darlings, which depicts the earliest days of the movement at Columbia.

The Columbia University protests of 1968 were the target of heavy media attention while they transpired, and since have been the subject of numerous depictions, including memoirs, such as The Strawberry Statement by James Simon Kunen and the film based on it; novels, such as 4 3 2 1 by Paul Auster; films, such as Across the Universe and 84 Charing Cross Road; and numerous documentaries, including Columbia Revolt and A Time to Stir, edited by Paul Cronin. The protests have also been the subject of significant academic inquiry, and has, along with subsequent protests throughout the decades, cemented Columbia's reputation as a hotbed for counterculture and student activism.

Film

Movies making reference to Columbia and/or featuring scenes shot on Columbia's campus include:
 3 lb
 A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy
 Across the Universe
 Altered States
 Anger Management
 August Rush
 Awakenings
 Black and White
 Butterfield 8
 Charlie Bartlett
 Crimes and Misdemeanors
 Cruising
 The Detective
 Digimon Adventure: Last Evolution Kizuna
 Enchanted
 Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind
 Everyone Says I Love You
 Finding Forrester
 Ghostbusters
 Ghostbusters II
 Ghostbusters (2016)
 Hannah and Her Sisters
 Hitch
 Husbands and Wives
 Igby Goes Down
 In the Blood (2006)
 Ishtar
 It's My Turn
 K-PAX
 Kabhi Alvida Na Kehna
 Kill Your Darlings
 Kinsey
 Love the Hard Way
 Made of Honor
 The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart
 Malcolm X
 Manhattan
 Marathon Man
 The Mirror Has Two Faces
 Mona Lisa Smile
 Music of the Heart
 The Nanny Diaries
 New York Minute
 North
 Porn 'n Chicken'''
 The Post Premium Rush The Princess Diaries The Pride of the Yankees The Producers: The Movie Musical P.S. Punchline Quiz Show Real Women Have Curves The Rock Rollover Simon The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants Spider-Man Spider-Man 2 Spider-Man 3 Stay Still Alice Tadpole Ta Ra Rum Pum Teacher's Pet The WordsMusic
 The music video for the Fugees' single "Nappy Heads" (recorded in 1992 but not released until 1994) was partially shot on the steps of Low Library of Columbia University, where one of the members, Lauryn Hill, was a student.
 The Indigo Girls song, "Free of Hope," contains the lyrics, "Big brother's at Columbia University; quote unquote, he's tanning beaver pelts."
 Recording artist Nellie McKay released a song on her second album Pretty Little Head (2006), entitled "Columbia Is Bleeding", alleging animal abuse as part of the practice of animal testing at Columbia University.
 Vampire Weekend, which was founded at Columbia, frequently references the university in its lyrics, including in "Oxford Comma", "Harmony Hall", and "One (Blake's Got a New Face)".

 Video games
Due to its location in Manhattan, Columbia's campus frequently appears in video games that seek to replicate New York City in their maps, such as Grand Theft Auto IV (2008), as Vespucci University in the neighborhood of Varsity Heights; Assassin's Creed III (2012), as King's College in the late 18th century; and Marvel's Spider-Man'' (2018). The designs for university buildings in Cities: Skylines are based on the neoclassical architecture of the university.

Fictional Columbians

References

Popular culture, in
American universities and colleges in popular culture


Old Town is an area of Mombasa, Kenya.  Situated on the south-east side of Mombasa Island, the Old Town covers an area of , and is inhabited by a mix of Swahili, Arab, Asian, Portuguese and British settlers.

In 1997, the Old Town and Fort Jesus were submitted by the National Museums of Kenya for selection in UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites.

Geography
The area is located to the east of Mombasa Island, adjacent to Tudor Creek.

Architecture
Buildings in the Old Town are mostly Swahili, however,  the many other ones are influenced by Mombasa's trade culture and foreign occupation, with many examples of colonial Portuguese styles from the 16th century and modern Islamic architecture.

Attractions

Fort Jesus

The Portuguese Fort Jesus is located in the Old Town, and is Mombasa's most popular tourist attraction.

See also

Changamwe
Bamburi
Kipevu

Footnotes

Sources

Mombasa
Populated places in Coast Province
Swahili architecture


The Newborn EP is Elbow's second release. This EP was released through Elbow's first record label Ugly Man Records. Two songs ("Newborn" and "Bitten by the Tailfly") were later included on their first full-length album Asleep in the Back with a different less aggressive version of "Bitten by the Tailfly" being used for the album.

"Kisses" and the radio edit of "Newborn" are only available on this EP, although "None One" is also available on their following The Any Day Now EP, "Newborn" CD1 and Dead in the Boot.

Track listing
"Newborn" – 7:32
"Kisses" – 2:07
"Bitten by the Tailfly" – 5:13
"None One" – 3:45
"Newborn" (Radio Edit) – 3:16

2000 EPs
Elbow (band) albums


"¿Y Quién Puede Ser?" ("Who Could it Be?") is a song written and produced by Paco Cepero, co-written by F.M. Moncada, and performed by Mexican singer José José. It was released in 1986 as the first single from his 22nd studio album Siempre Contigo (1986). It peaked at number-one in the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart on November 22, 1986, being the fourth song to do so, replacing "Toda La Vida" by Cuban performer Franco. This song has been covered by Grupo Mojado, Manuel, Trailer de Penita and Sabrosos del Merengue. As part of the Latin Grammy tribute to José José in 2008, Puerto Rican singer Olga Tañón performed the song live in merengue.

Chart performance

References

1986 singles
1986 songs
José José songs
Spanish-language songs
RCA Records singles


Dirk Brockmann (born September 2, 1969) is a German physicist and Professor at the Institute for Biology at Humboldt University of Berlin and the Robert Koch Institute, Berlin. Brockmann is known for his work in complex systems, complex networks, computational epidemiology, human mobility and anomalous diffusion.

Education and career
Brockmann was born in Braunschweig and studied physics and mathematics at Duke University and the University of Göttingen where he received his degree in theoretical physics in 1995 and his PhD in 2003 under the supervision of Theo Geisel.
After postdoctoral positions at the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen he became associate professor in the Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics at Northwestern University in 2008. In 2013 he returned to Germany, where he became professor at the Institute for Biology at Humboldt University of Berlin. Brockmann worked on a variety of topics ranging from computational neuroscience, anomalous diffusion, Levy flights, human mobility, computational epidemiology, and complex networks.

Research
Brockmann pioneered the scientific use of mass data collected in online games in a 2006 study in which he and his colleagues analyzed the geographic circulation of millions of dollar-bills registered at the online bill tracking website Where's George? This study lead to the discovery of universal scaling laws in human mobility, the forecast of spreading routes of the 2009 flu pandemic in the United States and effective geographic borders in the United States. Brockmann also pioneered the development of computational models and forecast systems for the global spread of epidemics based on global air-transportation. In a 2013 study Brockmann and his colleague Dirk Helbing showed that complex global contagion phenomena can be mapped onto simple propagating wave patterns using the theoretical concept of effective distance. This method was employed for import risk estimates during the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa in 2014.

Brockmann's research has been featured in an episode of the  American crime drama television series Numbers.

Since 2017 he has been publishing "Complexity Explorables", which are interactive 3D animations of complex systems.

References

External links
 Website

Complex systems scientists
Systems biologists
Northwestern University faculty
Living people
1969 births
21st-century German physicists
Network scientists
University of Göttingen alumni
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
Robert Koch Institute people
Max Planck Society alumni
Duke University alumni
People from Braunschweig


"Under the Gun" is a song by the English rock band the Sisters of Mercy released as the single from their album A Slight Case of Overbombing: Greatest Hits Vol. 1. It is a duet featuring Terri Nunn on vocals, and was accompanied by a music video with Andrew Eldritch and Nunn. It is the only new song on a greatest hits compilation released in 1993 by Merciful Release on EastWest Records, a UK Warner Music Group label. This is the band's most recent single as of .

The single reached  19 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was written by Andrew Eldritch, Billie Hughes, and Roxanne Seeman,  It was co-produced by Eldritch and Hughes. Additional production was credited to Ian Stanley. Two alternate mixes of "Under the Gun" were included in the 2017 bonus tracks of the Sisters of Mercy's compilation album Some Girls Wander by Mistake, released on their own label Merciful Release and distributed by EastWest Records and Warner Music UK.

Song information
Chris Roberts in Melody Maker described the song as "a big Berlin ballad (of Heart, Roxette, etc)" with "several thousand epic heartbreaking refrains" of the chorus hook "Are you living for love?" noting Eldritch's "restrained guitar foreplay" and "fiendish subliminal rant", while comparing it to "the melodrama of Bowie's 'Sweet Thing/Candidate".

The song is mostly a cover of "Two Worlds Apart", a song written by Hughes and Seeman and released on Hughes' album Welcome to the Edge. It appeared earlier as a love theme for the characters of Michael & Julia in the television series Santa Barbara.

Critical reception
Karen Holmes, The Network 40 praised the song: "Nunn rounds out Andrew's talent for finding incredible females voices to collaborate with. Andrew's contribution to the sexual passion is subliminal with taunting vocals that intensifies Nunn's pipes."

In a glowing review in Melody Maker, Chris Roberts wrote "This is a colossus of a record...ironic and yet thoroughly serious, the spoof vulture of youth culture chimes in belalugubriously [sic] ...Gothic only as in arch, this is as far from indie as it gets.  A black (comedy) beauty".

Larry Flick for Single Reviews in Billboard lauded the "Pure gothic tune from this descendant act of Bauhaus et al" writing "Vocals blend beautifully in chorus" while opining "the emphasis on max atmosphere may make track obtuse for newcomers."

Artists' commentary
 Terri Nunn (April 2002): "[Andrew Eldritch] asked if I was going to use it for my record, and since I couldn't get anybody excited about it... It was really strange and dark, and he said 'Well, I want to do it, why don't we sing it?' It was called 'Under the Gun', and we sang it for the Best of Sisters album." "My record company rejected this song for my own record."
 Andrew Eldritch (1993): "The tape I was working from already had her vocal on it. Although I met her once in the mid-80's I didn't meet her to make the record. I just fucked around with the tape that her vocal was already on. But that was one of the reasons for my wanting to cover that song and change it around, because I thought her vocal on it was great! So I used the original demo because I don't see the point in re-recording something that is already so great to start with. So I edited it, I changed the bass, the drums and keyboards around what was already there a little bit. I got a friend of mine from Leeds [Adam Pearson] to put some electric guitars on, and then sang my stuff. So the original version sounds kind of like, I don't know, a sort of Jennifer Rush song I suppose, and the new song sounds like Jennifer Rush from hell!"

Track listings
"Under the Gun" was written by Eldritch, Hughes, and Seeman. "Alice" was written by Eldritch.

Personnel
Personnel are lifted from the album's liner notes.

 Andrew Eldritch – vocals
 Terri Nunn – vocals
 Adam Pearson – guitars
 Billie Hughes – keyboards, synthesizer
Ian Stanley - additional production

Charts

References

External links

1993 singles
The Sisters of Mercy songs
Songs written by Roxanne Seeman
Songs written by Billie Hughes
1993 songs
Songs written by Andrew Eldritch
Male–female vocal duets
Song recordings produced by Ian Stanley
Billie Hughes songs
Synth-pop ballads
Love themes
East West Records singles
Rock ballads
Pop ballads
Pop rock songs


Perito Moreno National Park () is a national park in Argentina. It is located in the western region of Santa Cruz Province on the border with Chile. It has an area of 126,830 hectares of mountains and valleys at a height of 900 metres above sea level.

History
The park is one of the oldest in Argentina having been established in 1937. It is named in honour of the explorer Francisco Moreno.

It was expanded in 2013 with a donation from Tompkins Conservation. The co-founder of Tompkins Conservation, Doug Tompkins first became intrigued by Perito Moreno National Park in 1968 as he passed by the area on a climbing expedition and saw Cerro San Lorenzo, Patagonia's second highest peak. He visited the park in 1991 with friends Yvon Chouinard and Rick Ridgeway and the following year negotiated the purchase of roughly 37,000-acres of private land within the park, which his organization managed as wildlife habitat and allowed to rewild. That tract was donated to the national parks administration in 2013.

Geography

Climate
The park has a cold climate ranging from a wet climate in the west to a dry one in the east. The park experiences strong and persistent westerly winds throughout the year. Mean annual rainfall ranges from  in the west to  in the east. Temperatures can fall below  in winter. During summer, the mean temperature is around . Snowfalls can occur in every month.

Terrain

The park is located at around 900 metres above sea level, which is the height at which the valleys are inhabited. A series of mountain chains traverse the park from east to west and from north to south, resembling an imposing amphitheater. Inside the protected area the highest peak is cerro Heros (Heros hill) at 2,770 m. Nearby, but outside the boundary of the park lies the imposing cerro San Lorenzo (Monte San Lorenzo) which reaches 3,707 m in height, which is generally covered by clouds.  To the north of the lake Belgrano the cerro Leon (Lion hill) reaches 1,380 m and to the east of the same lake, the Gorra de Vasco (Basque peak) reaches 1,140 m.  Inside the Park the Sierra Colorada (Red plain) is distinguished, of some 1,200 m, whose western slope is very abrupt, and whose coloring gives its name.

Hydrography
Two main basins are distinguished, one on the Pacific side and the other on the Atlantic. They comprise eight lakes including Belgrano Lake along with numerous rivers and streams.

The Pacific basin feeds into the lago Mogote (lake Mogote), which then flows into lago Volcán (lake Volcano).

The Atlantic basin features lago Burmeister (lake Burmeister) at 932 m. The many rivers in the basin traverse the Santa Cruz province and eventually reach the Atlantic to the east.

Flora and fauna
Of the 24 species of mammal that can be found in the park the most exotic and endangered species is the small wildcat gato pajero (Lynchailurus pajeros). Another small wildcat found within the park is the gato huiña (Oncifelis guigna) which is also endangered.

Other species include guanaco, puma (cougar), Patagonian fox, dwarf armadillo, ferret, skunk, tuco-tuco and south Andean deer.

A hundred and fifteen species of bird have been recorded in the park, including peregrine falcon, hooded grebe, flamingo, andean goose, Podiceps, and several species of ducks, falcons and eagles.

References

Further reading

 "Perito Moreno National Park" Photography by Antonio Vizcaíno. Contributors include Douglas Tompkins, Adolfo Fabricio Del Castillo, Eduardo Ramilo, Alejandro Serret, Rafael Smart, Emily Wakild, and Claudio Bertonatti. The Conservation Land Trust, 2014.

External links

Official website
https://rewildingargentina.org/parks-for-conservation/

National parks of Argentina
Protected areas of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina
Protected areas established in 1937


Isisfordia is an extinct genus of crocodyliform closely related to crocodilians that lived in Australia during the Middle Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian).

Description
The type species, I. duncani. (named after the discoverer; former Deputy Mayor of Isisford, Ian Duncan) was discovered in the Winton Formation in Isisford, Queensland, Australia  in the mid-1990s. Most of the animal was discovered, with the exception of the front portion of the skull. On a later expedition to the location, paleontologists discovered a complete skull which differed from the original specimen in size only. A second species I. molnari was named in 2019 from a braincase found in the Griman Creek Formation near Lightning Ridge, and the nominal species Crocodylus (Bottosaurus) selaslophensis Etheridge, 1917, based on a maxillary fragment from the same unit, was referred to I. molnari. Later, however, Hart (2020) noted that the selaslophensis holotype doesn't overlap with that of AM F125553, so he retained Etheridge's species as a distinct species, I. selaslophensis, even though he raised the possibility that molnari could be synonymous with selaslophensis.

The estimated body length of Isisfordia is .

Relation to modern day crocodilians

The discovery of the fossilized remains led paleontologists to suggest that the group including modern crocodilians first evolved 30 million years earlier than previously thought, during the Cretaceous period on the supercontinent Gondwana. Analysis of the remains concluded that the vertebrae fit together as they do in modern crocodilians, via loose ball-and-socket joints, as well as a secondary palate similar to that in living crocodilians which allows them to let air pass into the lungs without entering the inside of the mouth.

A cladistic analysis by Turner and Pritchard (2015) recovers Isisfordia with Susisuchus in a monophyletic Susisuchidae as a non-eusuchian neosuchian more derived than Dyrosauridae, but more primitive than Goniopholididae. A 2021 study by Rio and Mannion confirmed the placement of Isisfordia outside of Eusuchia, as the sister taxon to Paralligatoridae.

References

Neosuchians
Early Cretaceous crocodylomorphs
Late Cretaceous crocodylomorphs
Albian life
Cenomanian life
Cretaceous reptiles of Australia
Fossils of Australia
Paleontology in Queensland
Fossil taxa described in 2006
Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera


The Any Day Now EP is Elbow's third release. This EP was released through Elbow's first record label Ugly Man Records, as well as their second record label V2 Records. Both EPs each have a different track listing.

The song "George Lassoes the Moon" on the Ugly Man Records version of the EP differs from the version on The Noisebox EP. Not only is it a minute shorter, but it also is musically more produced than the rough first version. "Wurzel" is an instrumental song.

Track listing

Ugly Man Records
"Any Day Now" – 5:56
"Wurzel" – 2:14
"George Lassoes the Moon" – 5:49
"Don't Mix Your Drinks" – 3:24
"Any Day Now" (Radio Edit) – 4:16

V2 Records
"Any Day Now" – 5:54
"Wurzel" – 2:12
"Don't Mix Your Drinks" – 3:14
"None One" – 3:45

2001 EPs
Elbow (band) albums


The West Jersey and Seashore Railroad (WJ&S) was a Pennsylvania Railroad subsidiary in the U.S. state of New Jersey with a connection to Philadelphia.  It was formed through the merger of several smaller roads in May 1896.  At the end of 1925 it operated  of road on  of track; that year it reported 166 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 332 million passenger-miles. The railroad became part of Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines in 1933.

History

On May 4, 1896, the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) consolidated all its railroads and several smaller properties in southern New Jersey into the West Jersey and Seashore Railroad (WJ&S).  This included the West Jersey Railroad, the Alloway and Quinton Railroad, the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, the Chelsea Branch Railroad, and the Philadelphia, Marlton and Medford Railroad. The consolidation was originally scheduled to occur in March 1896. But at a meeting held on March 21, it was agreed that there was not enough time given for proxy votes to arrive from stockholders who were not local to New Jersey; the deadline for proxies was then extended to April 6, 1896. Representatives of each of the constituent lines met on May 2, 1896, and all agreed to the merger, to become effective as soon as paperwork could be filed in Trenton.

The WJ&S, as a subsidiary of the PRR, had two lines coming from its Federal Street Terminal in Camden:
The Main Line to Atlantic City and other shore points via Winslow Junction using trackage rights on ACRR's Cape May Branch to Woodbine Junction and its Cape May line to Ocean City, Wildwood, and Cape May.
The Millville Line via Woodbury to Milville and splitting off at Newfield to Atlantic City was electrified with 650 V DC third rail, and overhead wire.
A line branching off at Millville
Branches going to Salem and Deep Water Point from Woodbury and Bridgeton from Glassboro.

On October 28, 1906, an accident in Atlantic City killed 53 people when a three-car train plunged off an open swing bridge.

Predecessor railroads

Camden and Atlantic Railroad

This railroad was granted its charter by the state of New Jersey on March 19, 1852.

The line was built from Camden to Atlantic City via Berlin. In late June 1854, it was completed sans the drawbridge over the thoroughfare outside of Atlantic City; regular passenger service started on July 4, with more than 3,000 people carried on the first day. The line proved so popular that the rival  gauge Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway, which was chartered in 1876, paralleled its mainline between Camden and Atlantic City.

The railroad sent gangs of men to help fight a massive forest fire, that is estimated to have caused more than $200,000 () in damages, in May 1880 with the goal of preventing the fire from reaching Atlantic City.

After some financial dealings in 1882 that may have involved bribery of a C&A clerk to obtain a list of stockholders, the PRR gained control of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad through its subsidiary West Jersey Railroad on January 1, 1883.

The main line built and operated by the C&A remains in use in the 21st century for passenger service by PATCO and NJ Transit's Atlantic City Line.

West Jersey Railroad
The West Jersey Railroad (WJ) opened its books on March 29, 1853, subscribing $250,000 in capital.  It was granted its charter by the state of New Jersey on February 5, 1853, to build a line from Camden, New Jersey to Cape May, New Jersey. An additional stock subscription of 1,000 shares by one director amounting to $200,000 was made at the company's meeting on May 17, bringing the total subscriptions to $450,000. Surveys of possible routes were made fairly quickly, and the directors of the company met on July 15, 1853, to select the route on which they would build. The line was then built in stages with the backing of the C&A from Camden to Glassboro. The first  of the line using the abandoned right-of-way built by the Camden and Woodbury Railroad was opened on April 15, 1857; then the extension to Glassboro opened on April 1, 1861, and to Bridgeton on July 25, 1861.

The line was completed in 1863. In that year the WJ directors decided to build a line to Bridgeton, New Jersey, and later build the line from Glassboro to Millville and Cape May. The right of way is now South Jersey/Philadelphia Shared Assets Operations Vineland Secondary freight rail line. The northern section is slated to become the light-rail Glassboro–Camden Line.

Millville and Glassboro Railroad
The  Millville and Glassboro Railroad (M&G) was built by a group of Millville businessmen independently of the West Jersey Railroad. Chartered on March 9, 1859, and incorporated in March 1859, the M&G was completed and opened in October 1860. The M&G started to build a line from Millville to Cape May, but funds dried up and the line was not completed.  It was merged into the West Jersey railroad on April 1, 1868.

Cape May and Millville Railroad
In 1863, a group of Cape May County investors was granted a charter by the state of New Jersey on March 9, 1863, to build the Cape May & Millville Railroad (CM&M). The first trains ran on August 23, 1863.  Construction was completed in 1867, with the full line extending . It was leased to the WJ in 1869; and fully merged into the WJ on August 27, 1879.

Salem Railroad
The  Salem Railroad, chartered and incorporated on March 14, 1856, stretching from Elmer to Salem, New Jersey. Construction was completed in 1863, and the Salem Railroad was leased to the WJ on January 1, 1868. The line was fully merged into the WJ on January 1, 1888.

Swedesboro Railroad
The Swedesboro Railroad, chartered on February 23, 1866, was built from Woodbury to Swedesboro  by the WJ. Construction started in 1867, was leased to the WJ on August 17, 1869, opened on September 11, 1869, and was completed in October 1869.  It was fully merged into the WJ on January 1, 1888.

Woodstown and Swedesboro Railroad

The Woodstown and Swedesboro Railroad was chartered on March 21, 1871, opened on February 23, 1873, leased to the WJ  on January 1, 1883, and fully merged on January 1, 1888.

On January 21, 1882, the WJ built a line from the end of the Swedesboro Railroad to Riddleton Junction on the Salem Railroad upon request of agricultural interests in Woodstown. Construction was in February 1883. This effectively gave the WJ two different routes into Salem.

Maurice River Railroad
The Maurice River Railroad was built by the WJ to obtain a share of the lucrative Delaware Bay oyster business. Incorporated on June 17, 1887, the  long line stretched from Manumuskin to Maurice River. It was completed on November 1, 1887.  The company was very soon merged into the WJ on January 1, 1888.

West Jersey and Atlantic Railroad
In 1879, the PRR directed the WJ to build a line from Newfield to Atlantic City via Mays Landing, New Jersey. After surveys were completed, it was incorporated on November 6, 1879, with construction starting the same month.  Capital stock was valued at $500,000 () at $50 per share.  The  line was completed on June 16, 1880. This railroad was ultimately leased to the WJ.

The line was abandoned from Newfield to Mays Landing on December 31, 1958. The segment from Mays Landing to McKee City followed on August 18, 1966. p. 275 In 2003, a portion of the line from Egg Harbor Township to Mays Landing was converted to a rail trail as part of the Atlantic County Bikeway.

Philadelphia Marlton and Medford Railroad
This railroad was chartered on January 7, 1880, and incorporated in January 1880, and construction began in April 1880.
Trains began operating from Haddonfield to Marlton by July 1881, and began service to Medford on October 11, 1881. In January 1885 it was operated by the Camden and Atlantic, and later as the Medford Branch of the West Jersey and Seashore Railroad.  The last passenger train ran on September 24, 1927. The Medford Branch was officially taken out of service on November 2, 1931.

The PM&M had stops at Haddonfield, Freeman, Orchard, Springdale, Locust Grove, Cropwell, Marlton, Elmwood Road, Melrose, and Medford. All except Haddonfield, Marlton, and Medford were flag stops.

Delaware River Railroad
The Delaware River Railroad (DRR) was incorporated on February 20, 1873, as the Delaware Shore Railroad to build a line from Woodbury to Penns Grove. The line was opened in July 1876, but declared bankruptcy in January 1879 and reincorporated as the DRR. On April 30, 1900, the WJ&S acquired the DRR. Conrail's Penns Grove Secondary operates along the right of way.

Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines

On November 2, 1932, the PRR and Reading Company (RDG) merged their southern New Jersey railroad lines into one company, the Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines (PRSL). Duplicative lines were abandoned as part of the consolidation. The PRR had a two-thirds ownership, and the RDG maintained one-third ownership.

On July 15, 1933, the Atlantic City Railroad (a subsidy of the RDG) leased the WJ&S railroad and joined the PRSL.

See also

 1896 Atlantic City rail crash
 1906 Atlantic City train wreck
 Central Railroad of New Jersey
 Glassboro station
 New Jersey Southern Railroad
 Pennsylvania Railroad
 Railroad electrification in the United States
 Reading Company

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links
 The Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines Historical Society
 The West Jersey Chapter of the NRHS

Companies affiliated with the Pennsylvania Railroad
Defunct New Jersey railroads
Predecessors of the Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines
Former Class I railroads in the United States
Railroads transferred to Conrail
Railway companies established in 1896
Railway companies disestablished in 1976
1896 establishments in New Jersey


The 2009 Grand Prix Hassan II was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 25th edition of the Grand Prix Hassan II, and was an ATP Tour World 250 event on the 2009 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Complexe Al Amal in Casablanca, Morocco, from April 6 through April 12, 2009.

Finals

Singles

 Juan Carlos Ferrero defeated  Florent Serra, 6–4, 7–5
It was Juan Carlos Ferrero's 1st title in 5 years, and his 12th overall.

Doubles

 Łukasz Kubot /  Oliver Marach defeated  Simon Aspelin /  Paul Hanley, 7–6(7–4), 3–6, [10–6]

External links
 Official website

Grand Prix Hassan II
Grand Prix Hassan II


Barbadian–Surinamese relations are diplomatic relations between Barbados and Suriname. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 February 1977. Neither country has a resident ambassador. Barbados is accredited to Suriname from Bridgetown.  Suriname is represented in Barbados through its embassy in Port of Spain, (Trinidad and Tobago).

Early history
In 1650, the governor of Barbados Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham sent a ship to establish a colonial settlement in Surinam. Lord Willoughby later visited the colony, to assist with its development. Fort Willoughby, under the command of Governor Lieutenant-General William Byam, was captured by Dutchmen from the State of Zeeland under the command of Abraham Crijnssen on 27 February 1667 after a 3-hour fight. The Dutch changed the name of Fort Willoughby to Fort Zeelandia and established Dutch control over the whole colony.

Bilateral relations
On 17 February 2005 the leaders of Barbados and Suriname signed the "Agreement for the deepening of bilateral cooperation between the Government of Barbados and the Government of the Republic of Suriname, Mia Mottley the new Prime Minister of Barbados recently paid the Republic of Suriname a three day visit which took place on November 14th through to the 16th 2020."

On 23–24 April 2009 both nations formed a Joint Commission in Paramaribo, Suriname to improve relations between both countries and to expand into various areas of cooperation. Since the first meeting a second one was held on 3–4 March 2011 in Dover, Barbados. At the second meeting several areas of mutual interest were reviewed including: agriculture, trade, investment, as well as international transport, entertainment, culture and tourism.

Trade
Trade between both nations is in Suriname's favour due to Barbados importation of Suriname's Bunker 'C' grade fuel oil. Because of the importance of natural resources, both governments discussed their overlapping maritime boundaries in 2007.

See also
 Foreign relations of Barbados
 Foreign relations of Suriname

References

External links

Suriname
Bilateral relations of Suriname


Yanghe Stadium () is a multi-use stadium in Chongqing, People's Republic of China.  It is currently used mostly for football matches.  The stadium holds 32,000 people, and is the home of Chongqing Lifan in the Chinese Super League.

The stadium was purchased by the Lifan Group in 2001 for 80 million RMB and immediately replaced Datianwan Stadium as the home group for Chongqing Lifan.

External links
Stadium info at www.fussballtempel.net

Jiangbei District, Chongqing
Football venues in Chongqing
Sports venues in Chongqing


This is a list of members of the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg between 2004 and 2009.  The Chamber of Deputies is Luxembourg's national legislature, and consists of sixty deputies. The members that served in the 2004–2009 legislature were elected in 2004.

The government during this legislature was the Juncker–Asselborn I Government, a coalition of CSV and LSAP.

Footnotes

2004-2009
Members of the Chamber of Deputies


Triad Racing Technologies was a body parts and chassis supplier for NASCAR teams that ran under the Toyota manufacturer. The company was originally formed as Triad Racing Development before it was merged in late 2008 with Bill Davis Racing by Michael Held and Marty Gaunt. Originally, TRT was intended to field a full-time Sprint Cup Series and three full-time Camping World Truck Series teams that were originally owned by Davis, but a lack of sponsorship caused the organization to close all of its teams and lay off most of its employees. MBM Motorsports eventually invested into TRT, acquiring the company's equipment for use in the team's Cup and NASCAR Xfinity Series programs.

Toyota Racing Development alliance
TRT had an exclusive partnership deal with Toyota Racing Development (TRD) in providing body parts and tuner services to TRD for its NASCAR Cup Series programs. TRT previously provided engines to TRD before TRT sold its engine division. It was also the exclusive parts supplier for all Toyota NASCAR body parts. Triad used to have an exclusive relationship with TRD for NASCAR Cup Series engine development.

This partnership with Toyota and TRD dates back to when Toyota had first entered NASCAR officially in 2005.

Manufacturing capabilities
Triad ha a various number of capabilities when it came to building engines, bodies, and chassis' to produce dependable parts.

These include:

 Fully equipped parts department utilizing 100% serialization and parts lifting
 Brown and Sharpe Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)
 Rockwell Tester
 Confirms hardness of porous and non-porous metals (i.e. Steel and Aluminum)
 EZ Cam
 Checks lobes, Journals, and taper configuration in cams
 99% success rate for race engine durability
 Horsepower for all engines is consistent to within +/- one half of one percent

 Four Dyno cells
 Two Spintron cells
 Five assembly Laboratories
 Full CNC Capabilities up to 5-axis
Measures repeatability to .00008 of an inch (Pistons, Valves, Rings, Blocks, Cams, and Cranks)
Mahr Form Tester
Measures critical features on valves and pistons with accuracy to .00004 of an inch
99% success rate for race engine durability
 Horsepower for all engines is consistent to within +/- one half of one percent
Disassembly Area, Block Prep, Grinding, Head/Manifold Department, EFI/Carb Lab, Magnaflux Lab
Metrology lab including Brown and Sharpe coordinate measuring machine and (2) Faro arms
Full engine inventory and spares room

Former clients
Toyota Motor Sales, USA, Inc.
Toyota Racing Development
AM Racing
BK Racing (defunct)
Bill McAnally Racing
Chris Fontaine Enterprises
Fortin Racing
Furniture Row Racing (defunct)
Gaunt Brothers Racing (defunct)
Germain Racing (defunct)
Hattori Racing Enterprises (TRD)
Joe Gibbs Racing (TRD)
JTG Daugherty Racing (now Chevrolet)
Kyle Busch Motorsports (TRD)
Michael Waltrip Racing (defunct)
NEMCO Motorsports (now Chevrolet)
Ken Schrader Racing (now Ford)
Swan Racing (defunct) (defunct)
Rusty Wallace Racing (defunct)
RAB Racing (defunct)
Red Horse Racing (defunct)
Win-Tron Racing (now Chevrolet)
TriStar Motorsports (defunct)
ThorSport Racing
Diversified Motorsports Enterprises (now Chevrolet)
Tommy Baldwin Racing (now Chevrolet)
Venturini Motorsports (TRD)

References

External links
Triad Racing Technologies

2008 establishments in North Carolina
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2008
Companies based in North Carolina


George Hugh Nicolas Seton-Watson, CBE, FBA (15 February 1916 – 19 December 1984) was a British historian and political scientist specialising in Russia.

Early life
Seton-Watson was one of the two sons of Robert William Seton-Watson, the activist and historian. He was educated at Winchester College and New College, Oxford, graduating in 1938 with First Class Honours in 'Modern Greats' (Philosophy, Politics and Economics).

Wartime activities
After working for the British Foreign Office in Belgrade and Bucharest at the start of the Second World War, Seton-Watson joined the British Special Operations Executive. Interned by the Italians after the fall of Yugoslavia to the Axis in 1941, Seton-Watson was repatriated to Britain and later posted to the British special forces in Cairo, where he remained until 1944. In January 1944, he moved to Istanbul, where he performed intelligence activities among the refugees coming from the Balkans.

Academic career
Seton-Watson wrote most of his first major work, Eastern Europe between the Wars, 1918–1941 in Cape Town while on his way from Italy to Britain after the fall of Yugoslavia, finishing it in Cairo during the battle of El Alamein in 1942.

In 1945 he was appointed praelector in politics at University College, Oxford. In 1951 he was appointed to the chair of Russian history at the University of London, where he remained until 1983, exercising a major influence over British and American understandings of Russia during the Cold War. He subsequently became the Professor Emeritus of Russian history.

Beginning in 1957 at Columbia University, he regularly visited institutions in the United States to lectures and conduct research. During a three-month fellowship, beginning in October 1984, at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars he became ill with pulmonary problems and was admitted to Georgetown University Hospital where he died three weeks later.

Work
After publishing The Decline of Imperial Russia, 1855–1914 in 1952, Seton-Watson published his most famous work, The Russian Empire, 1801–1917 in 1967. This became the standard history of late imperial Russia for a generation.

Seton-Watson's Nations and States: an Enquiry into the Origins of Nations and the Politics of Nationalism (1977) made a fundamental contribution to the study of nationalism, though later overshadowed by the success of Benedict Anderson's more theoretical Imagined Communities.

The New York Times Book Review called him "the outstanding authority on the satellite countries of Eastern Europe".

Honors
Seton-Watson became a Fellow of the British Academy in 1969, received a DLitt from Oxford in 1974 and an honorary doctorate from the University of Essex in 1983. In the 1981 New Year Honours  he was appointed CBE.

Bibliography
 Eastern Europe between the wars (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1945)
 Neither War Nor Peace: The Struggle for Power in the Postwar World (Frederick A. Praeger, 1960)
 The new imperialism: A background book (Bodley Head, 1961)
 Nationalism and communism: essays, 1946–1963 (Methuen, 1964)
 Nationalism old and new (Methuen, 1965)
 The Russian empire 1801–1917 (Clarendon, 1967) online
The 'sick heart' of modern Europe: the problem of the Danubian lands (University of Washington Press, 1975)
 The imperialist revolutionaries: trends in world Communism in the 1960s and 1970s (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1979.)
 Nations and states: an enquiry into the origins of nations and the politics of nationalism (Methuen, 1977)
 The imperialist revolutionaries (1979)
 Language and national consciousness (Oxford University Press, 1981)
 The making of a new Europe: R.W. Seton-Watson and the last years of Austria-Hungary. With Christopher Seton-Watson (Methuen, 1981)
 The decline of Imperial Russia 1855–1914 (Westview Press, 1985).
 The East European revolution (Westview Press, 1985)
 From Lenin to Khrushchev: the history of world communism (Westview Press, 1985)
 R.W. Seton-Watson and the Roumanians, 1906–20 (2 vols, Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, București, 1988)

References

External links

1916 births
1984 deaths
20th-century British historians
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Writers about Russia
Fellows of the British Academy
Scholars of nationalism
British Special Operations Executive personnel
British Army General List officers
British Army personnel of World War II
Military personnel from London


Derrick Bernard Favors (born July 15, 1991) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Favors played college basketball for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets for one season before being selected by the New Jersey Nets with the third overall pick of the 2010 NBA draft.

After playing a season with the Nets, Favors was traded to the Utah Jazz in 2011, where he played for eight seasons. In the 2019 offseason, he was traded to the New Orleans Pelicans. He then returned to the Jazz in the 2020–2021 season after playing a year with the Pelicans.

During his second stint with the Utah Jazz, Favors became the franchise's 10th all-time leading scorer when he passed Mehmet Okur.

High school career
Favors played high school basketball at South Atlanta High School, where he was ranked as one of the best high school basketball players in the class of 2009. Scout.com rated him the #1 player in the country, #2 in the ESPNU100, and #4 by Rivals.com. On March 14, 2009, he led South Atlanta to the Georgia Class AAA state championship. He scored 38 points and had 21 rebounds in the championship game against Westover High School. He was named to the 2009 McDonald's All-American Team. He led the East to a 113–110 victory and was named the MVP of the game. He scored 19 points and had 8 rebounds. Favors was selected to participate in the 2009 Nike Hoop Summit in Portland, Oregon but pulled out due to personal reasons and he was also selected to play in the 2009 Jordan Brand Classic at Madison Square Garden where he scored a game-high 21 points and was named MVP for the black team, while Renardo Sidney was named MVP for the white team.
He finished his senior season averaging 28.1 points, 13.3 rebounds, 5.0 blocks, 3.0 steals and 2.0 assists per game and holds the career records in points (2,341), rebounds (1,511) and blocked shots (741).

College career

Favors committed to Georgia Tech in January 2009, which he chose over Georgia and North Carolina State.

Favors played both power forward and center for Paul Hewitt's Yellow Jackets. The frontcourt consisted of a three-man rotation of Favors, Gani Lawal and Zach Peacock. In ACC games, he averaged 11.8 points and 8.7 rebounds per game and shot 62.5% from the field. He also helped lead the Yellow Jackets to the ACC tournament finals against Duke. During the tournament, he posted 17 points, 9.8 rebounds and 3 blocks per game.

Favors was named ACC Rookie of the Year and to the ACC All-Freshman Team.

Professional career

New Jersey Nets (2010–2011)
On April 9, 2010, Favors announced he would forgo his final three years of college eligibility to enter the 2010 NBA draft where he was subsequently selected with the third overall pick by the New Jersey Nets. Favors was 19 years 104 days when he made his NBA debut, thus becoming the youngest player ever to set foot on court for the Nets. In just his third game with the Nets on October 31, 2010, against Miami, he recorded his first career double-double with 13 points and 13 rebounds (10 offensive) in a 101–78 loss.

Utah Jazz (2011–2019)
On February 23, 2011, Favors was traded, along with Devin Harris, two future first-round picks, and cash considerations to the Utah Jazz in exchange for Deron Williams. He went on to score a season-high 17 points on April 9 against San Antonio.

On October 19, 2013, Favors signed a four-year contract extension with the Jazz.

On November 1, 2014, Favors scored a then career-high 32 points in a 118–91 win over the Phoenix Suns. On November 12, 2015, he recorded 25 points, 12 rebounds and a career-high 7 blocks in a loss to the Miami Heat. On December 5, 2015, he scored a career-high 35 points in a 122–119 overtime win over the Indiana Pacers. On January 25, 2016, Favors returned to the floor after a 16-game absence due to a back problem. He played 19 minutes off the bench and recorded 14 points and 5 rebounds in a loss to the Detroit Pistons.

On March 13, 2018, in a 110–79 win over the Detroit Pistons, Favors climbed to 10th place on Utah's all-time rebounding list with 3,602 rebounds. He passed former Utah center Mehmet Okur, who pulled down 3,599 rebounds with the Jazz. On April 11, 2018, in a 102–93 win over the Portland Trail Blazers, Favors played in his 500th game with the Jazz, becoming the 12th player in franchise history to reach the milestone. In Game 2 of the Jazz's first-round playoff series against the Oklahoma City Thunder, Favors had career playoff bests of 20 points and 16 rebounds in a 102–95 win.

On July 6, 2018, Favors re-signed with the Jazz. On January 11, 2019, he had a then season-high 13 rebounds in a 113–95 win over the Los Angeles Lakers, thus passing Greg Ostertag (3,978) for fourth place on the franchise's all-time rebounding list. On March 2, 2019, he had 23 points and tied a career best with 18 rebounds in a 115–111 win over the Milwaukee Bucks.

New Orleans Pelicans (2019–2020)
On July 7, 2019, Favors was traded to the New Orleans Pelicans in exchange for two future second-round picks. He made his Pelicans debut on October 22, recording six points, seven rebounds and two assists in a 130–122 overtime loss to the Toronto Raptors. On November 14, Favors grabbed a career-high twenty rebounds, alongside twenty points and three assists, in a 132–127 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. It was Favors' first game with twenty points and twenty rebounds in his career. On January 18, 2020, he scored a season-high 22 points, alongside eleven rebounds and three assists, in a 133–130 loss to the Clippers.

Return to Utah (2020–2021)
On November 25, 2020, Favors signed a three-year, $27 million contract that reunited him with the Utah Jazz in free agency. On December 23, he made his season debut for the Jazz, recording ten points, seven rebounds and three assists in a 120–100 win over the Portland Trail Blazers. On January 1, 2021, Favors scored a season-high 14 points, alongside eleven rebounds and two assists, in a 106–100 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. On January 10, he grabbed a season-high 14 rebounds, alongside six points, in a 96–86 win over the Detroit Pistons. On April 8, Favors moved into tenth place on the Jazz's all-time scoring list, passing Mehmet Okur with 7,257 points. During the first round of the playoffs, the Jazz faced the Memphis Grizzlies. On May 23, Favors played in his first playoff game since 2019, recording twelve points, eleven rebounds and four blocks in a 112–109 Game 1 loss. The Jazz eventually won the series in five games, but were eliminated in a six-game series by the Los Angeles Clippers during the second round.

Oklahoma City Thunder (2021–2022)
On July 30, 2021, Favors was traded, alongside a future first-round pick, to the Oklahoma City Thunder in exchange for a 2027 second-round pick and cash considerations. He made his Thunder debut on October 20, recording four points and nine rebounds in a 107–86 loss to the Utah Jazz. On November 4, Favors grabbed a season-high twelve rebounds, alongside ten points, in a 107–104 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. On February 11, 2022, he scored a season-high 16 points, alongside nine rebounds and three blocks, in a 100–87 loss to the Philadelphia 76ers. On March 31, Favors was ruled out for the remainder of the season with lower back soreness.

On September 30, 2022, Favors was traded, alongside Ty Jerome, Maurice Harkless, Théo Maledon and a future second-round pick, to the Houston Rockets in exchange for David Nwaba, Sterling Brown, Trey Burke, and Marquese Chriss. On October 17, Favors was waived by the Rockets.

On January 11, 2023, Favors signed a 10-day contract with his hometown team the Atlanta Hawks but saw no playing time. On October 16, he signed with the Chicago Bulls, but was waived two days later.

Career statistics

NBA

Regular season

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|New Jersey
| 56 || 23 || 19.5 || .511 ||  || .612 || 5.3 || .4 || .3 || .7 || 6.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| 22 || 4 || 20.2 || .529 ||  || .561 || 5.2 || .8 || .5 || 1.2 || 8.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| 65 || 9 || 21.2 || .499 ||  || .649 || 6.5 || .7 || .6 || 1.0 || 8.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| 77 || 8 || 23.2 || .482 || .000 || .688 || 7.1 || 1.0 || .9 || 1.7 || 9.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| 73 || 73 || 30.2 || .522 || .000 || .669 || 8.7 || 1.2 || 1.0 || 1.5 || 13.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| 74 || 74 || 30.8 || .525 || .167 || .669 || 8.2 || 1.5 || .8 || 1.7 || 16.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| 62 || 59 || 32.0 || .515 || .000 || .709 || 8.1 || 1.5 || 1.2 || 1.5 || 16.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| 50 || 39 || 23.7 || .487 || .300 || .615 || 6.1 || 1.1 || .9 || .8 || 9.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| 77 || 77 || 28.0 || .563 || .222 || .651 || 7.2 || 1.3 || .7 || 1.1 || 12.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| 76 || 70 || 23.2 || .586 || .218 || .675 || 7.4 || 1.2 || .7 || 1.4 || 11.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|New Orleans
| 51 || 49 || 24.4 || .617 || .143 || .563 || 9.8 || 1.6 || .6 || .9 || 9.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| 68 || 0 || 15.3 || .638 || .000 || .738 || 5.5 || .6 || .5 || 1.0 || 5.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Oklahoma City
| 39 || 18 || 16.7 || .516 || .125 || .640 || 4.7 || .6 || .4 || .3 || 5.3
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 790 || 503 || 24.3 || .534 || .198 || .663 || 7.1 || 1.1 || .7 || 1.2 || 10.6

Playoffs

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2012
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| 4 || 1 || 29.0 || .417 ||  || .586 || 9.5 || .5 || 1.3 || 1.5 || 11.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2017
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| 11 || 2 || 20.5 || .581 ||  || .478 || 5.5 || .9 || .7 || .5 || 7.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2018
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| 11 || 9 || 26.0 || .618 || .400 || .485 || 5.2 || 1.2 || .7 || 1.0 || 9.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2019
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| 5 || 2 || 20.6 || .639 || .000 || .684 || 7.4 || .8 || .8 || 1.8 || 11.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2021
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah
| 11 || 0 || 13.2 || .696 ||  || .556 || 4.2 || .3 || .2 || .9 || 3.4
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 42 || 14 || 20.8 || .587 || .250 || .549 || 5.7 || .8 || .6 || 1.0 || 7.8

College

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2009–10
| style="text-align:left;"|Georgia Tech
| 36 || 35 || 27.5 || .611 || .000 || .629 || 8.4 || 1.0 || .9 || 2.1 || 12.4

Endorsements
Favors signed a shoe deal with Adidas just before the 2010 NBA Draft. Favors has been loyal to Adidas since he was 15, when he was playing for his AAU team, the Atlanta Celtics.

References

External links

Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets bio

1991 births
Living people
21st-century African-American sportspeople
African-American basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Atlanta
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets men's basketball players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
New Jersey Nets draft picks
New Jersey Nets players
New Orleans Pelicans players
Oklahoma City Thunder players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Power forwards (basketball)
Utah Jazz players


Arthur Edward Martin Maloney QC (26 November 1919 – 20 September 1984) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada and first Ontario Ombudsman from 1975 to 1979.

Maloney was born in Eganville, Ontario. He became a noted defence lawyer following his 1943 graduation from Osgoode Hall. In 1952 he unsuccessfully defended notorious bank robbers of The Boyd Gang. He was the son of Martin James Maloney, another Member of Parliament.

He was first elected for the Parkdale riding in the 1957 general election and re-elected for a second term in Parliament in the 1958 election. From August 1957 to February 1958 he was Parliamentary Assistant to the Minister of Labour. He was a principal author of the 1960 Canadian Bill of Rights. Maloney was defeated by Stanley Haidasz of the Liberal party in the 1962 election.

Several years of poor health began in 1979 when Maloney incurred a stroke, ending with a cancer diagnosis. In 1984, Maloney died at his residence in Rockwood, Ontario from that cancer. His funeral at Toronto's St. Michael's Cathedral was officiated by Gerald Emmett Cardinal Carter and politician-turned-priest Sean O'Sullivan. Various political colleagues such as Roland Michener, John Crosbie and Ray Hnatyshyn attended the funeral.

Family
Arthur has two brothers Henry Joseph Maloney and James Anthony Maloney.

Books on Maloney's life
 Advocacy in court: A tribute to Arthur Maloney, Q.C., 1986,
 The Life And Times of Arthur Maloney: The Last of the Tribunes, Charles Pullen, 1994,

References

External links

1919 births
1984 deaths
Ombudspersons in Ontario
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Lawyers in Ontario
20th-century Canadian lawyers


Juan Carlos Ferrero defeated Florent Serra in 6–4, 7–5.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

Qualifying

Seeds

Qualifiers

Draw

First qualifier

Second qualifier

Third qualifier

Fourth qualifier

External links
Draw
Qualifying Draw

Singles


Tom Lotherington (born 15 June 1950) is a Norwegian poet, novelist, biographer and translator. He made his literary debut in 1972 with the poetry collection Hverdagsfantasier. He has written the novels Den tredje tjeneren (1985) and Kjødets gjerninger (1989), and biographies on the poets Herman Wildenvey and Harald Sverdrup. He was head of The Norwegian Writers' Center from 2001 to 2005.

Lotherington received the Mads Wiel Nygaards Endowment in 1995 and the Herman Wildenvey Poetry Award in 2010.

References

1950 births
Living people
20th-century Norwegian novelists
21st-century Norwegian novelists
20th-century Norwegian poets
Norwegian male poets
Norwegian biographers
Male biographers
Norwegian translators
Norwegian male novelists
20th-century Norwegian male writers
21st-century Norwegian male writers


Harald Ulrik Sverdrup (29 May 1923 – 26 June 1992) was a Norwegian poet and children's writer. He received several literary prizes, including the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature, the Mads Wiel Nygaards Endowment, the Dobloug Prize and the Riksmål Society Literature Prize.

Early and personal life
Sverdrup was born in Gravdal, Buksnes, Lofoten, as a son of medical doctor Harald Ulrik Sverdrup (1890–1976) and  Berit Johanne Strandenæs (1896–1961). He was related to bishop and politician Jakob Sverdrup, who was his great-uncle, and to oceanographer Harald Ulrik Sverdrup Jr, who was his first cousin once removed. Other first cousins once removed are Leif Sverdrup, Georg Johan Sverdrup and philologist Jakob Sverdrup. He was also a great-grandson of Harald Ulrik Sverdrup Sr, a grandnephew of Jakob Sverdrup, Georg Sverdrup and Edvard Sverdrup, and a second cousin of historian Jakob Sverdrup.

He spent his early childhood in Lofoten, Risør, Hvitsten and Rjukan, and later in Oslo. During World War II he participated in resistance work in Norway, until he fled to Sweden and Great Britain in 1944. He joined as ground crew at the Norwegian Spitfire Wing, and participated at the war front in Belgium, Holland and Germany.

He was married to Jorunn Elset from 1950 to 1954, and to his first cousin Mari Ulstrup from 1954. The couple lived at Kalbakken and Stokke.

Literary career
Sverdrup made his literary debut in 1948 with the poetry collection . His literary breakthrough came with the collection  from 1958, which earned him the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature. He issued the collection of children's poetry  in 1958. He received the Mads Wiel Nygaards Endowment in 1959. During the 1960s he issued the poetry collections  (1961),  (1964) and  (1969), and the prose books  (1965) and  (1968). In the 1970s he issued the poetry collections  (1971) and  (1974). He received the Dobloug Prize in 1978, and  the Riksmål Society Literature Prize in 1985.

References

1923 births
1992 deaths
People from Vestvågøy
20th-century Norwegian poets
Norwegian male poets
Norwegian children's writers
Norwegian resistance members
Royal Norwegian Air Force personnel of World War II
Dobloug Prize winners
20th-century Norwegian male writers


"Meanwhile" is a song written by Wayland Holyfield and J. Fred Knobloch, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait.  It was released in January 1999 as the first single to his album Always Never the Same.  It peaked at number 4 on the United States Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, while it was a number-one hit on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart. It also peaked at number 38 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, marking his first Top 40 hit on that chart.

Critical reception
Deborah Evans Price, of Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably, calling it a "lilting ballad". She goes on to say that "Strait's voice sounds like he's lived every word — the pleasure, the nostalgia, the wistful longing".

Chart positions
"Meanwhile" debuted at number 57 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of January 9, 1999.

Year-end charts

References

1999 singles
George Strait songs
Song recordings produced by Tony Brown (record producer)
Songs written by Wayland Holyfield
Songs written by J. Fred Knobloch
MCA Records singles
1998 songs


Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of materials that form two- or three-dimensional structures through reactions between organic precursors resulting in strong, covalent bonds to afford porous, stable, and crystalline materials. COFs emerged as a field from the overarching domain of organic materials as researchers optimized both synthetic control and precursor selection. These improvements to coordination chemistry enabled non-porous and amorphous organic materials such as organic polymers to advance into the construction of porous, crystalline materials with rigid structures that granted exceptional material stability in a wide range of solvents and conditions. Through the development of reticular chemistry, precise synthetic control was achieved and resulted in ordered, nano-porous structures with highly preferential structural orientation and properties which could be synergistically enhanced and amplified. With judicious selection of COF secondary building units (SBUs), or precursors, the final structure could be predetermined, and modified with exceptional control enabling fine-tuning of emergent properties. This level of control facilitates the COF material to be designed, synthesized, and utilized in various applications, many times with metrics on scale or surpassing that of the current state-of-the-art approaches.

History
While at University of Michigan, Omar M. Yaghi (currently at UCBerkeley) and Adrien P Cote published the first paper of COFs in 2005, reporting a series of 2D COFs. They reported the design and successful synthesis of COFs by condensation reactions of phenyl diboronic acid (C6H4[B(OH)2]2) and hexahydroxytriphenylene (C18H6(OH)6). Powder X-ray diffraction studies of the highly crystalline products having empirical formulas (C3H2BO)6·(C9H12)1 (COF-1) and C9H4BO2 (COF-5) revealed 2-dimensional expanded porous graphitic layers that have either staggered conformation (COF-1) or eclipsed conformation (COF-5). Their crystal structures are entirely held by strong bonds between B, C, and O atoms to form rigid porous architectures with pore sizes ranging from 7 to 27 Angstroms. COF-1 and COF-5 exhibit high thermal stability (to temperatures up to 500 to 600 °C), permanent porosity, and high surface areas (711 and 1590 square meters per gram, respectively).

The synthesis of 3D COFs has been hindered by longstanding practical and conceptual challenges until it was first achieved in 2007 by Omar M. Yaghi and colleagues. Unlike 0D and 1D systems, which are soluble, the insolubility of 2D and 3D structures precludes the use of stepwise synthesis, making their isolation in crystalline form very difficult. This first challenge, however, was overcome by judiciously choosing building blocks and using reversible condensation reactions to crystallize COFs.

Structure
Porous crystalline solids consist of secondary building units (SBUs) which assemble to form a periodic and porous framework. An almost infinite number of frameworks can be formed through various SBU combinations leading to unique material properties for applications in separations, storage, and heterogeneous catalysis.

Types of porous crystalline solids include zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Zeolites are microporous, aluminosilicate minerals commonly used as commercial adsorbents. MOFs are a class of porous polymeric material, consisting of metal ions linked together by organic bridging ligands and are a new development on the interface between molecular coordination chemistry and materials science.

COFs are another class of porous polymeric materials, consisting of porous, crystalline, covalent bonds that usually have rigid structures, exceptional thermal stabilities (to temperatures up to 600 °C), are stable in water and low densities. They exhibit permanent porosity with specific surface areas surpassing those of well-known zeolites and porous silicates.

Secondary building units

The term ‘secondary building unit’ has been used for some time to describe conceptual fragments which can be compared as bricks used to build a house of zeolites; in the context of this page it refers to the geometry of the units defined by the points of extension.

Reticular synthesis
Reticular synthesis enables facile bottom-up synthesis of the framework materials to introduce precise perturbations in chemical composition, resulting in the highly controlled tunability of framework properties. Through a bottom-up approach, a material is built from atomic or molecular components synthetically as opposed to a top-down approach, which forms a material from the bulk through approaches such as exfoliation, lithography, or other varieties of post-synthetic modification. The bottom-up approach is especially advantageous with respect to materials such as COFs because the synthetic methods are designed to directly result in an extended, highly crosslinked framework that can be tuned with exceptional control at the nanoscale level. Geometrical and dimensional principles govern the framework's resulting topology as the SBUs combine to form predetermined structures. This level of synthetic control has also been termed "molecular engineering", abiding by the concept termed by Arthur R. von Hippel in 1956.

It has been established in the literature that, when integrated into an isoreticular framework, such as a COF, properties from monomeric compounds can be synergistically enhanced and amplified. COF materials possess the unique ability for bottom-up reticular synthesis to afford robust, tunable frameworks that synergistically enhance the properties of the precursors, which, in turn, offers many advantages in terms of improved performance in different applications. As a result, the COF material is highly modular and tuned efficiently by varying the SBUs’ identity, length, and functionality depending on the desired property change on the framework scale. Ergo, there exists the ability to introduce diverse functionality directly into the framework scaffold to allow for a variety of functions which would be cumbersome, if not impossible, to achieve through a top-down method, such as lithographic approaches or chemical-based nanofabrication. Through reticular synthesis, it is possible to molecularly engineer modular, framework materials with highly porous scaffolds that exhibit unique electronic, optical, and magnetic properties while simultaneously integrating desired functionality into the COF skeleton.

Reticular synthesis is different from retrosynthesis of organic compounds, because the structural integrity and rigidity of the building blocks in reticular synthesis remain unaltered throughout the construction process—an important aspect that could help to fully realize the benefits of design in crystalline solid-state frameworks. Similarly, reticular synthesis should be distinguished from supramolecular assembly, because in the former, building blocks are linked by strong bonds throughout the crystal.

Synthetic chemistry

Reticular synthesis was used by Yaghi and coworkers in 2005 to construct the first two COFs reported in the literature: COF-1, using a dehydration reaction of benzenediboronic acid (BDBA), and COF-5, via a condensation reaction between hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) and BDBA. These framework scaffolds were interconnected through the formation of boroxine and boronate linkages, respectively, using solvothermal synthetic methods.

COF linkages
Since Yaghi and coworkers’ seminal work in 2005, COF synthesis has expanded to include a wide range of organic connectivity such as boron-, nitrogen-, other atom-containing linkages. The linkages in the figures shown are not comprehensive as other COF linkages exist in the literature, especially for the formation of 3D COFs.

Boron condensation
The most popular COF synthesis route is a boron condensation reaction which is a molecular dehydration reaction between boronic acids. In case of COF-1, three boronic acid molecules converge to form a planar six-membered B3O3 (boroxine) ring with the elimination of three water molecules.

Triazine based trimerization

Another class of high performance polymer frameworks with regular porosity and high surface area is based on triazine materials which can be achieved by dynamic trimerization reaction of simple, cheap, and abundant aromatic nitriles in ionothermal conditions (molten zinc chloride at high temperature (400 °C)). CTF-1 is a good example of this chemistry.

Imine condensation

The imine condensation reaction which eliminates water (exemplified by reacting aniline with benzaldehyde using an acid catalyst) can be used as a synthetic route to reach a new class of COFs. The 3D COF called COF-300 and the 2D COF named TpOMe-DAQ are good examples of this chemistry. When 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (TFP) is used as one of the SBUs, two complementary tautomerizations occur (an enol to keto and an imine to enamine) which result in a β-ketoenamine moiety as depicted in the DAAQ-TFP framework. Both DAAQ-TFP and TpOMe-DAQ COFs are stable in acidic aqueous conditions and contain the redox active linker 2,6-diaminoanthroquinone which enables these materials to reversibly store and release electrons within a characteristic potential window. Consequently, both of these COFs have been investigated as electrode materials for potential use in supercapacitors.

Solvothermal synthesis
The solvothermal approach is the most common used in the literature but typically requires long reaction times due to the insolubility of the organic SBUs in nonorganic media and the time necessary to reach thermodynamic COF products.

Templated synthesis
Morphological control on the nanoscale is still limited as COFs lack synthetic control in higher dimensions due to the lack of dynamic chemistry during synthesis. To date, researchers have attempted to establish better control through different synthetic methods such as solvothermal synthesis, interface-assisted synthesis, solid templation as well as seeded growth. First one of the precursors is deposited onto the solid support followed by the introduction of the second precursor in vapor form. This results in the deposition of the COF as a thin film on the solid support.

Properties

Porosity
A defining advantage of COFs is the exceptional porosity that results from the substitution of analogous SBUs of varying sizes. Pore sizes range from 7-23 Å and feature a diverse range of shapes and dimensionalities that remain stable during the evacuation of solvent. The rigid scaffold of the COF structure enables the material to be evacuated of solvent and retain its structure, resulting in high surface areas as seen by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. This high surface area to volume ratio and incredible stability enables the COF structure to serve as exceptional materials for gas storage and separation.

Crystallinity
There are several COF single crystals synthesized to date. There are a variety of techniques employed to improve crystallinity of COFs. The use of modulators, monofunctional version of precursors, serve to slow the COF formation to allow for more favorable balance between kinetic and thermodynamic control, hereby enabling crystalline growth. This was employed by Yaghi and coworkers for 3D imine-based COFs (COF-300, COF 303, LZU-79, and LZU-111). However, the vast majority of COFs are not able to crystallize into single crystals but instead are insoluble powders. The improvement of crystallinity of these polycrystalline materials can be improved through tuning the reversibility of the linkage formation to allow for corrective particle growth and self-healing of defects that arise during COF formation.

Conductivity

Integration of SBUs into a covalent framework results in the synergistic emergence of conductivities much greater than the monomeric values. The nature of the SBUs can improve conductivity. Through the use of highly conjugated linkers throughout the COF scaffold, the material can be engineered to be fully conjugated, enabling high charge carrier density as well as through- and in-plane charge transport. For instance, Mirica and coworkers synthesized a COF material (NiPc-Pyr COF) from nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) and pyrene organic linkers that had a conductivity of 2.51 x 10−3 S/m, which was several orders of magnitude larger than the undoped molecular NiPc, 10−11 S/m. A similar COF structure made by Jiang and coworkers, CoPc-Pyr COF, exhibited a conductivity of 3.69 x 10−3 S/m. In both previously mentioned COFs, the 2D lattice allows for full π-conjugation in the x and y directions as well as π-conduction along the z axis due to the fully conjugated, aromatic scaffold and π-π stacking, respectively. Emergent electrical conductivity in COF structures is especially important for applications such as catalysis and energy storage where quick and efficient charge transport is required for optimal performance.

Characterization
There exists a wide range of characterization methods for COF materials. There are several COF single crystals synthesized to date. For these highly crystalline materials, X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful tool capable of determining COF crystal structure. The majority of COF materials suffer from decreased crystallinity so powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is used. In conjunction with simulated powder packing models, PXRD can determine COF crystal structure.

In order to verify and analyze COF linkage formation, various techniques can be employed such as infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Precursor and COF IR spectra enables comparison between vibrational peaks to ascertain that certain key bonds present in the COF linkages appear and that peaks of precursor functional groups disappear. In addition, solid-state NMR enables probing of linkage formation as well and is well suited for large, insoluble materials like COFs. Gas adsorption-desorption studies quantify the porosity of the material via calculation of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore diameter from gas adsorption isotherms. Electron imagine techniques such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can resolve surface structure and morphology, and microstructural information, respectively. Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have also been used to characterize COF microstructural information as well. Additionally, methods like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and combustion analysis can be used to identify elemental composition and ratios.

Applications

Gas storage and separation
Due to the exceptional porosity of COFs, they have been used extensively in the storage and separation of gases such as hydrogen, methane, etc.

Hydrogen storage
Omar M. Yaghi and William A. Goddard III reported COFs as exceptional hydrogen storage materials. They predicted the highest excess H2 uptakes at 77 K are 10.0 wt % at 80 bar for COF-105, and 10.0 wt % at 100 bar for COF-108, which have higher surface area and free volume, by grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations as a function of temperature and pressure. This is the highest value reported for associative H2 storage of any material. Thus 3D COFs are most promising new candidates in the quest for practical H2 storage materials. In 2012, the lab of William A. Goddard III reported the uptake for COF102, COF103, and COF202 at 298 K and they also proposed new strategies to obtain higher interaction with H2. Such strategy consists of metalating the COF with alkali metals such as Li. These complexes composed of Li, Na and K with benzene ligands (such as 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoate, the ligand used in MOF-177) have been synthesized by Krieck et al. and Goddard showed that the THF is important to their stability. If the metalation with alkali meals is performed in the COFs, Goddard et al. calculated that some COFs can reach 2010 DOE gravimetric target in delivery units at 298 K of 4.5 wt %: COF102-Li (5.16 wt %), COF103-Li (4.75 wt %), COF102-Na (4.75 wt %) and COF103-Na (4.72 wt %). COFs also perform better in delivery units than MOFs because the best volumetric performance is for COF102-Na (24.9), COF102-Li (23.8), COF103-Na (22.8), and COF103-Li (21.7), all using delivery g H2/L units for 1–100 bar. These are the highest gravimetric molecular hydrogen uptakes for a porous material under these thermodynamic conditions.

Methane storage
Omar M. Yaghi and William A. Goddard III also reported COFs as exceptional methane storage materials. The best COF in terms of total volume of CH4 per unit volume COF adsorbent is COF-1, which can store 195 v/v at 298 K and 30 bar, exceeding the U.S. Department of Energy target for CH4 storage of 180 v/v at 298 K and 35 bar. The best COFs on a delivery amount basis (volume adsorbed from 5 to 100 bar) are COF-102 and COF-103 with values of 230 and 234 v(STP: 298 K, 1.01 bar)/v, respectively, making these promising materials for practical methane storage. More recently, new COFs with better delivery amount have been designed in the lab of William A. Goddard III, and they have been shown to be stable and overcome the DOE target in delivery basis. COF-103-Eth-trans and COF-102-Ant, are found to exceed the DOE target of 180 v(STP)/v at 35 bar for methane storage. They reported that using thin vinyl bridging groups aids performance by minimizing the interaction methane-COF at low pressure.

Gas separation
In addition to storage, COF materials are exceptional at gas separation. For instance, COFs like imine-linked COF LZU1 and azine-linked COF ACOF-1 were used as a bilayer membrane for the selective separation of the following mixtures: H2/CO2, H2/N2, and H2/CH4. The COFs outperformed molecular sieves due to the inherent thermal and operational stability of the structures. It has also been shown that COFs inherently act as adsorbents, adhering to the gaseous molecules to enable storage and separation.

Optical properties
A highly ordered π-conjugation TP-COF, consisting of pyrene and triphenylene functionalities alternately linked in a mesoporous hexagonal skeleton, is highly luminescent, harvests a wide wavelength range of photons, and allows energy transfer and migration. Furthermore, TP-COF is electrically conductive and capable of repetitive on–off current switching at room temperature.

Porosity/surface-area effects

Most studies to date have focused on the development of synthetic methodologies with the aim of maximizing pore size and surface area for gas storage. That means the functions of COFs have not yet been well explored, but COFs can be used as catalysts, or for gas separation, etc.

Carbon capture
In 2015 the use of highly porous, catalyst-decorated COFs for converting carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide was reported. MOF under solvent-free conditions can also be used for catalytic activity in the cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides into cyclic organic carbonates  with enhanced catalyst recyclability.

Sensing
Due to defining molecule-framework interactions, COFs can be used as chemical sensors in a wide range of environments and applications. Properties of the COF change when their functionalities interact with various analytes enabling the materials to serve as devices in various conditions: as chemiresistive sensors, as well as electrochemical sensors for small molecules.

Catalysis
Due to the ability to introduce diverse functionality into COFs’ structure, catalytic sites can be fine-tuned in conjunction with other advantageous properties like conductivity and stability to afford efficient and selective catalysts. COFs have been used as heterogeneous catalysts in organic, electrochemical, as well as photochemical reactions.

Electrocatalysis
COFs have been studied as non-metallic electrocatalysts for energy-related catalysis, including carbon dioxide electro-reduction and water splitting reaction. However, such researches are still in the very early stage. Most of the efforts have been focusing on solving the key issues, such as conductivity, stability in electrochemical processes.

Energy storage
A few COFs possess the stability and conductivity necessary to perform well in energy storage applications like lithium-ion batteries, and various different metal-ion batteries and cathodes.

Water filtration
A prototype 2 nanometer thick COF layer on a graphene substrate was used to filter dye from industrial wastewater. Once full, the COF can be cleaned and reused.

Pharmaceutical drug delivery
A 3D COF was created, characterised by an interconnected mesoporous scaffold that showed effective drug loading and release in a simulated body fluid environment, making it useful as a nanocarrier for pharmaceutical drugs.

See also
Reticular chemistry
Conjugated microporous polymer
Omar M. Yaghi
Metal-organic framework
Zeolite
Hydrogen-bonded organic framework

References

External links

 Welcome to the Yaghi Laboratory Website

Organic compounds


Selena Etc. was a South Texas-based boutique and beauty salon, which was founded and owned by the late American singer, Selena. Selena Etc. finished its building on January 27, 1994, in Corpus Christi, Texas, which was the headquarters.

Selena opened another boutique in San Antonio, Texas, around the same time the headquarters building was complete; both were equipped with in-house beauty salons. She began manufacturing clothing along with designer Martin Gomez with designs and styles of Latin American texture and exotic clothing styles which became her trademark on stage. Hispanic Business magazine reported that the singer earned over $5 million from these boutiques.

Among the employees there was the president of her fan club, Yolanda Saldívar, who had been promoted to manager of her two boutiques, as well as controlling Selena's business checking accounts. However, she would lose this position after several employees began to approach Selena's father, Abraham Quintanilla, and they informed him that they had overdue payments on their payrolls, so upon initiating an investigation in this regard, Quintanilla was convinced that Saldívar was embezzling money.

On March 9, 1995, Abraham, Selena, and her sister Suzette confronted Saldívar and accused her of stealing money from the boutiques and the fan club, firing her immediately, although Selena continued to contact her due to the fact that she had several financial documents in her possession that she needed to have back. Another boutique was planned to open in Monterrey, Mexico, in 1995, but on March 31 of that year, Saldívar would murder Selena by shooting her in the back after asking her to meet at the Days Inn motel in order to return her the financial records and documents she still had. After her death, Chris Pérez, Selena's widower, took over the business. The San Antonio boutique was closed sometime after 1999.

After the 16th anniversary of the opening of the Corpus Christi boutique, the store was officially closed as of July 1, 2009. A week after the store closed, Pérez placed a "for sale" sign in front of the building. The appraised price of the land and structure was USD$91,454 according to the Nueces County Appraisal District. Perez' asking price for the property was $165,000. The Selena Etc. store had a full-service salon, as well as Selena memorabilia. They also sold jewelry, hats and other accessories. Soon after the foreclosure, due to the low economy, all merchandise and accessories began selling at the "Selena Museum", located several miles from where the Selena Etc. building once was.

References

Selena
Defunct retail companies of the United States
Online clothing retailers of the United States
Companies based in Corpus Christi, Texas
American companies established in 1993
Retail companies established in 1993
Retail companies disestablished in 2003
1993 establishments in Texas
2009 disestablishments in Texas
Defunct companies based in Texas
Defunct online companies of the United States


The IBM 3570 is a series of tape drives and corresponding magnetic tape data storage media formats developed by IBM.  The storage technology and media were  introduced using the name Magstar MP, combining the IBM storage brand name Magstar with MP for MultiPurpose.  The IBM product number 3570 was associated with the tape drives and libraries that used the Magstar MP media.

The IBM 3570 technology was specifically produced for mid-range computer systems, and for the tape cartridges to be primarily stored in and handled by automated tape libraries.  The technology was specifically designed for fastest access to the data, with quick robotic tape loading and near-instant head to tape contact in mid-tape after loading.  However, slower tape technologies with higher per-tape capacities proved more successful in the marketplace, and the IBM 3570 technology did not enjoy a large market penetration.

Technology
The IBM Magstar MP technology is a compact tape technology using a small dual-reel tape cartridge which was introduced in September, 1996.  The key design points of this technology are:
 Fast access to data through quick tape load/unload cycle times, and a mid-tape load-point design
 High reliability of media and cartridges under heavy duty read and write loads
 Heavy use of automated libraries for tape handling
 High performance in a mid-range computing environment

The technology was upgraded in 1998 to increase both capacity and performance.

This tape format is based on an 8mm tape with 128 tracks arranged in an interleaved longitudinal serpentine format.  The tapes used a metal particle technology, and the tape drives used a magneto-resistive head technology, with LZ1 data compression built into the drive.  An unusual feature is the mid-tape load-point.

In contrast, most tape technologies view a tape as a linear length, similar to an audio cassette.  Normally, a tape load is completed by spooling past the head to an initial load-point at one end of the tape, while forward tape motion brings the head closer towards the end-of-tape/end-of-track in a linear fashion.

IBM chose a different approach, placing the start-of-tape initial load-in point halfway along the tape's length.
Relative to the centre load-point, tracks run both backwards and forwards towards each end of the tape.

This improves average access times, with a worst-case seek request needing spool through only a maximum of half the tape's length.  In comparison, traditional formats may need to spool through the full tape length, doubling the time-to-seek of IBM's product.  This family of drives, alongside the StorageTek 9840, may be the only modern tape storage products taking this mid-tape load-point approach.

Media
The original tapes, called B-type, had a capacity of 5 GB uncompressed. The follow-on C-type tapes had the same capacity, but were faster. The final tape media, called C-XL, had a capacity of 7GB uncompressed. IBM advertising suggested an expected typical 3:1 data compression ratio.

Drives and Libraries
The IBM 3570 product line included three types of tape systems:
 Individual tape drives, such as the IBM 3570-B00
 Table-top or rack-mounted tape auto-loaders with one or two drives, that could function as small libraries, such as the IBM 3570-B12
 Stand-alone tape libraries capable of holding multiple tape drives and many dozens of tape cartridges, such as the IBM 3575.

The original drives, called B-type, had a native uncompressed data rate of 5 MB/second. Data compression performed "on the fly" in the drive could provide higher data rates, depending on the compressibility of the data being written. The follow-on drives, called C-type, had a native uncompressed data rate of 7 MB/second.

The full-size IBM 3575 libraries were capable of being partitioned into multiple logical libraries and shared by multiple computer "hosts." Cartridges were organized in columns within the IBM 3575 library, with one curious aspect that the tape cartridges were inverted from one column to the next. This could cause frustration when operators hand-loaded cartridges into libraries.

Interfaces
Device drivers were available for the most popular mid-range computer platforms of the day, including MS Windows, Unix, and the IBM AS/400, as well as for the most popular backup management software packages of the time.

See also
 Computer data storage
 Data proliferation
 Information repository
 Magnetic storage

References

External links
 Fifty years of storage innovation
 PC Magazine's Magstar MP Reference

3590 family
Computer storage tape media


"Asleep in the Back / Coming Second" is Elbow's fourth and last double A-side single off the album Asleep in the Back, released through their second record label V2 Records in five formats: two CD singles, one DVD, one 12" vinyl promo, and one 12" remix vinyl for "Coming Second". The US promo disc contained "George Lassoes the Moon" from The Noisebox EP and "None One" from The Newborn EP. The song entered the UK Singles Chart at #19

The song "Asleep in the Back" was originally not on the eponymous album, but later added on as a bonus track. The video to the song consists of moving collage pieces, including the band members performing on stage, being attacked by insects.

The video's visual style is reminiscent of Coldplay's "Don't Panic" video.

Track listing
 UK 12" Vinyl Promo
 "Asleep in the Back" – 3:43
 "Coming Second" – 4:57

 US Promo CD
 "Asleep in the Back" – 3:43
 "George Lassoes the Moon" – 6:37
 "None One" – 4:18

 CD1
 "Asleep in the Back" – 3:45
 "Coming Second" – 4:57
 "Stumble" – 3:38

 CD2
 "Asleep in the Back" – 3:45
 "Coming Second" (Misery:Lab Remix) – 5:26
 "Puckfair" – 3:10

 DVD
 "Coming Second" (Live at The Astoria)
 "Asleep in the Back" (Video)
 "Coming Second" (Fink Remix)
 Also included 4 30 second visual clips and 10 exclusive tour images

 "Coming Second" 12" Remix Vinyl
 "Coming Second" (Mish Mash Mix) – 5:48
 "Coming Second" (El Presidente Mix "Beyond Repair") – 4:50
 "Coming Second" (Misery: Lab Remix) – 5:24
 "Coming Second" (Fink Remix)

2002 singles
Elbow (band) songs
Songs written by Guy Garvey
Song recordings produced by Ben Hillier
V2 Records singles


Killer's Payoff (1958) is the sixth 87th Precinct novel by Ed McBain.

Plot

Sy Kramer, a blackmailer, is shot dead in a 1937-style drive-by execution.  But it is 1958 and Cotton Hawes and Steve Carella have to find out who killed him.  It could have been Lucy Mencken, a rich and respectable lady with a past that included some very unrespectable photographic portraits, or it could have been Edward Schlesser, a manufacturer of soda pop.  Or perhaps it was one of the members of a hunting party that went very wrong.

Characters

This novel is the second to feature the character of Detective Cotton Hawes, newly transferred from the 30th Precinct, an area with 'Big, fancy apartment houses with doormen...But not many homicides.'

1958 American novels
American crime novels
Novels by Evan Hunter