The World Reuse, Repair and Recycling Association (WR3A) is a business consortium dedicated to the reform of the trade of e-waste.  The WR3A is inspired by fair trade organizations.

History
WR3A is a Fair Trade association (tradename Fair Trade Recycling reserved in 2013) established both to improve the export markets for surplus electronics and e-waste, and to defend them from biased reporting and racial profiling.  WR3A was conceived in 2006 following a visit to China by a group including a USA electronics recycler (American Retroworks Inc.), a University of California Davis recycling program director, and a Seattle recycler with a zero-export policy.

The group was inspired by a visit to three of China's semi knock down factories.  Those factories purchased USA computer monitors which still have functional CRTs.  The CRTs are knocked down to the bare tube, which is inserted into a new TV or monitor case, complete with new tuner board, etc. WR3A founders observed that Western journalists reporting on the purchase and import of the used CRTs invariably described them as "primitive" wire burning operations, rather than re-manufacturers.  These were often the same contract manufacturers who originally assembled brand new CRT monitors, and now rebuilt second-hand CRTs. The USA has its own CRT refurbishing factory, Video Display Corp of Tucker, Georgia.

WR3A proposed to form a coalition of USA companies to export only functional CRT monitors directly to the reuse factories, removing imploded, damaged, screen-burned, older, or non-compliant raster (e.g. Trinitron) CRTs from loads destined for CRT factories.  The USA companies which remove and recycle the bad 1/3 of CRTs would benefit from higher prices, and the Chinese factories would bypass the sorting villages such as Guiyu.  The WR3A was swamped by orders from Asian factories that year.

The Chinese government, which took over most of the new CRT manufacturing capacity worldwide in the 1990s, eventually opposed the import of used CRTs.  Many of the SKD factory owners relocated their businesses to countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand.  Others relocated their used monitor sourcing operations only to Hong Kong and Vietnam, trucking the CRTs overland to Chinese factories.

During this period, several anti-globalist NGOs began a campaign to end trade in used electronics, especially CRTs. CBS 60 Minutes, The Economist, BusinessWeek and others ran reports claiming that 80% of the displays exported were not reused but burned for copper in primitive scrapyards.  The source of the 80% dumping claim later retracted it.

Eventually, reuse operations in Asia turned to re-export to Africa, and used local sources (urban Asian cities) for used CRTs used in remanufacturing new TV and monitor displays.  With the decline of purchases of used displays from the USA in 2011, WR3A recognized organizational conflicts between cooperative suppliers competing for a declining market. The organization refined its mission in 2013 emphasize "anti-defamation" of overseas refurbishing companies, and promoted used electronics exports through peer-reviewed fair trade agreements.  Importers of used equipment in Africa, Asia and Latin America consider the organization a defender of Tech Sector refurbishers.  WR3A remains dedicated to the principle that if used computer exports are outlawed, only outlaws will export used computers.
  The organization strongly refutes what it considers racial profiling of tech sector in emerging markets.

The organization has members in South America, Africa, Asia, North America, and Europe, dedicated to defending legitimate used electronics exporters from what the organization considers false and defamatory declarations as "e-waste" and "toxics externalization".

Recent activities
In 2015, 2017, and 2018 WR3A led visits to the Agbogbloshie District in central Accra, bringing journalists from Al Jazeera, The Independent, Smithsonian, and others to meet with Dagbani speaking translators.  The visit led the journalists to discredit allegations that Agbogbloshie was "the largest e-waste dump in the world", a "former wetland on the outskirts of the city", and that it received hundreds of sea containers full of junk electronics.  WR3A found credible evidence that dumping at the site was being exaggerated by Accra Metropolitan Association representatives interested in relocating economic refugees to develop the property, three months before forced evictions.  Used electronics processed at the site were shown to be delivered by carters with wheelbarrows, and to consist of devices, such as VCRs, which had been imported decades previously.  WR3A provided reporters with World Bank statistics showing domestic Ghana generation more than accounted for the e-waste observed in Ghana, and recorded the organization's own interviews of Ghana Tech Sector representatives (uploaded to Youtube / WR3A).

In September 2013, the WR3A adapted the tradename "Fair Trade Recycling". The trademark was registered with the USPTO and registered as a supplemental certification on May 26, 2015. The organization does not claim to be recognized by "fairtrade" (one word).

In April 2013, WR3A held a "Fair Trade Recycling Summit" at Middlebury College in Vermont.  The Summit brought together researchers from Memorial University (Canada), Pontificia Universidad Catholica de Peru, University of Southern California (USA), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), representatives of the USA International Trade Office, Basel Convention Secretariat, Interpol, and several used electronics importers from Africa, Asia, and Latin America.   The group deliberated on beneficial development in emerging markets through electronics reuse and repair (labelled "Tinkerer's Blessing" after Yuzo Takahashi's 2000 technology history, A Network of Tinkerers.).  The role of electronics repair and reverse engineering in development was contrasted with the so-called "Resource Curse" of economic development through natural resource exploitation.  Middlebury students and presenters discussed whether a more balanced approach to recycling secondary materials may be warranted.  A follow up meeting between WR3A and Interpol was held in July 2013.  In November, 2013, Interpol announced a new research program to study the used electronics trade before continuing arrests of African importers (Project Eden).

The debate between Fair Trade Recycling advocates and the anti-export organization Basel Action Network was profiled in USA Today (September 26, 2013), in Discovery Magazine, and in NIH in 2006

In July 2012, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada, announced a 5-year research project to study and map the routes of used electronics, WEEE, and "e-waste" exports.   WR3A is a partner in the research grant, along with researchers from universities in Peru and California.  The first year, the group will document efforts to develop a "Fair Trade Recycling" model in Mexico (see NPR, PBS, AP, coverage), and then research the possible application of the model to Peru, Bangladesh, and China.

WR3A formerly adapted and registered the tradename "Fair Trade Recycling" in 2012.

WR3A collaborated with Massachusetts Institute of Technology for publication of MIT's January 2012 study on E-waste generation and exports.  WR3A provided researchers with detailed reconciliations of 3 years of exports from WR3A members.  MIT compared WR3A data to corroborating data from ISRI, USEPA, Basel Secretariat (Ghana, Nigeria) studies.

In May 2011, WR3A was interviewed as part of an "e-waste" by German news magazine ZDF.Kultur, which investigated the assumptions that African imports were "primitive" and linked exports to Egypt's Green Revolution.

In March, 2011. WR3A was profiled in Motherboard.tv, for the organization's case that reduced exports of used electronics by "stewards" was having unintended consequences.

In October, 2010, WR3A announced a partnership with Basel Action Network to reduce unnecessary breakage and destruction of working computer monitors in California, under California SB20 laws.  This followed a report critical of California "cancellation" policies published in the Sacramento Bee on July 19, 2010.

On July 30, 2010, Discovery News presented an analysis contrasting WR3A's "fair trade" engagement approach with the Basel Action Network's (BAN) "trade restriction" approach, and abstained from choosing sides.,

On May 15, 2009, National Public Radio's (NPR) program Living On Earth profiled one of WR3A's members - a women's cooperative doing TV repair and recycling in Mexico.

In January 2009, the organization presented statistics and a film at the Keynote Address of the CES 2009 in Las Vegas.  The statistics demonstrated that the rate of growth of internet access is much higher in countries with very low incomes.  It is logically unlikely that this growth can be achieved with new computers. The WR3A also presented film of the reuse and refurbishing operations which demonstrate proper recycling practices and best available practices in these ten countries.

The WR3A was contracted as a consultant to the US Environmental Protection Agency for its July 2008 publication Electronic Waste Management in the United States.

References

External links
World Reuse, Repair and Recycling Association

Organizations established in 2006
Recycling organizations
Electronic waste
Reuse


The Last Will and Testament of Jake Thackray is the debut album by Jake Thackray. It was produced by Norman Newell in August 1967 and released on LP that year by EMI in the UK and Philips Records in the USA. The record company, unsure of how the public would respond to Thackray's lugubrious voice accompanied only by his guitar, added orchestral arrangements by Roger Webb and Geoff Love to many of the songs.

The album is now out of print, but its songs, digitally remastered, are included in the four-CD retrospective Jake in a Box. The fourth CD of the set also contains 26 songs recorded in April 1967, including the earlier version of the album (originally mono) and 13 other tracks. They include unreleased solo (vocal and guitar) versions of all the songs that are recorded with orchestral arrangements on the album, with the exception of "The Black Swan".

The song "Lah-Di-Dah" has been covered as a duet by Petula Clark and Rod McKuen, and by the band Sky Larkin.

Musical style
The album differs from Thackray's subsequent albums in that many of its songs feature lush orchestral accompaniment. In their book Beware of the Bull - The Enigmatic Genius of Jake Thackray, Thompson and Watterson write that the use of orchestra on "Ulysses" and "The Statues" adds appropriate touches of colour and drama, and that "The Black Swan" evokes the romantic balladry of Jacques Brel, whom Thackray admired. However, they write that other songs lose the “charming intimacy” of Thackray's original demos, and call "Jumble Sale" a “brash and busy rumba”. The rich accompaniment meant that Thackray had to overdub his vocals, which felt unnatural to him as a solo folk singer who would commonly use a flexible tempo in his songs for dramatic or comedic effect. Future albums would feature only Thackray's voice with little more than upright bass and guitar accompaniment, allowing him a less metrically rigid and more expressive vocal approach.

Track listing

References

External links
Track listing and sleeve notes at jakethackray.com

Jake Thackray albums
1967 debut albums
EMI Records albums
Albums produced by Norman Newell


McMillan House may refer to:

McMillan House (Daphne, Alabama), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Baldwin County
Robert McMillan House, Clarkesville, Georgia, listed on the NRHP in Habersham County
McMillan-Garrison House, Clarkesville, Georgia, listed on the NRHP in Habersham County
Samuel McMillan House, Shawhan, Kentucky, listed on the NRHP in Harrison County
McMillan House (Latta, South Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Dillon County
Alexander McMillan House, Knoxville, Tennessee, NRHP-listed
Clotworthy-McMillan House, Heber City, Utah, listed on the NRHP in Wasatch County
David McMillan House, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, listed on the NRHP in Portage County


Big East Coach of the Year may refer to:
Big East Football Coach of the Year
Big East Men's Basketball Coach of the Year


Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 469 (HMLA-469) was a United States Marine Corps helicopter squadron consisting of AH-1 SuperCobra and AH-1Z Viper attack helicopters and UH-1Y Venom utility helicopters. The squadron was last headquartered at Marine Corps Air Station Camp Pendleton in Southern California and fell under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 39 (MAG-39) and the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (3rd MAW). The squadron was commissioned on June 30, 2009 and decommissioned on December 16 2022.

Mission
The mission of the HMLA is to support the Marine Air-Ground Task Force Commander by providing offensive air support, utility support, armed escort and airborne supporting arms coordination, day or night under all weather conditions during expeditionary, joint or combined operations.

History
On October 29, 2009 a US Coast Guard HC-130 aircraft with seven crewmembers collided with an HMLA-469 AH-1 Cobra helicopter with two crewmembers  east of San Clemente Island. Both aircraft crashed into the Pacific Ocean and all nine crewmembers in both aircraft were killed.  The Coast Guard's HC-130 was searching for a missing boater while the Marine Corps' helicopter was heading towards a military training area in company with another Cobra and two CH-53E Super Stallions from Marine Corps Air Station Miramar.

See also

 United States Marine Corps Aviation
 List of active United States Marine Corps aircraft squadrons

References

External links

LA469


HMS Juno was a Royal Navy 32-gun Amazon-class fifth rate. This frigate served during the American War of Independence, and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

Construction and commissioning
Juno was ordered on 21 October 1778 and laid down in December that year at the yards of the shipbuilder Robert Batson & Co, of Limehouse. She was launched on 30 September 1780 and completed by 14 December 1780 that year at Deptford Dockyard. £8,500 1s 5d was paid to the builder, with a further £8,184 18s 1d being spent on fitting her out and having her coppered.

Early years
Juno was commissioned under the command of her first captain, James Montagu, in September 1780. Montagu commanded her for the next five years, initially in British waters and the Atlantic.

On 10 February 1781 Juno and the sloop  captured the American privateer Revanche (or Revenge) off Beachy Head. Montagu then sailed the Juno in early 1782 to join Richard Bickerton's squadron operating in the East Indies.

She was present at the Battle of Cuddalore on 20 June 1783, and returned to Britain to be paid off in March 1785. After fitting out the following month Juno was placed in ordinary. She spent the next five years in this state, with the exception of a small repair at Woolwich Dockyard in 1788 at a cost of £9,042.

French Revolutionary Wars
Juno returned to active service in May 1790, now under the command of Captain Samuel Hood. Hood sailed to Jamaica in mid-1790, but had returned to Britain and paid off the Juno in September 1791. Hood however remained in command, and the Juno was fitted out and recommissioned, undergoing a refit at Portsmouth in January 1793. Hood initially cruised in the English Channel after the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars, capturing the privateers Entreprenant on 17 February, Palme on 2 March and, together with , Laborieux in April.

Hood was then transferred to the Mediterranean in May 1793.

Juno was at Toulon during its period of British control under Samuel Hood, Junos captain's cousin once removed. Unaware that Toulon had fallen to French republican forces, and desiring to deliver 107 Maltese and 46 Marines embarked in Malta to reinforce Lord Hood's forces, Captain Hood sailed into the port at night on 11 January 1794, several days after the evacuation of the British forces. After anchoring, Juno was boarded by 13 armed men. On being informed that British forces had left and that he and his ship's company were now prisoners of war, Captain Hood ordered cables to be cut and immediately set sail with the 13 French officials aboard as prisoners, whereupon Juno received a broadside from a nearby brig and came under point-blank fire from French batteries, but was able to escape with only light damage.

On 7 February 1794 Juno and the 74-gun  carried out an attack on a tower at Mortella Point, on the coast of Corsica. The design of the tower allowed it to hold out against the British for several days, and inspired the design of the subsequent Martello Towers constructed in Great Britain and other British possessions.

Captain Lord Amelius Beauclerk succeeded Hood, who returned to Britain with a convoy in October 1795, and paid her off in January the following year.

Juno was repaired and refitted at Deptford for the sum of £20,442. She was recommissioned in August 1798 under the command of Captain George Dundas. She operated with a British squadron in Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland in August 1799 that resulted in the surrender on 13 August, without firing of a shot, of a Dutch squadron of one small 74, six 64s, two 50s, and six 44s, five frigates, three corvettes, and one brig.

Schiermonnikoog

On 11 August 1799, the 16-gun sloop , under Captain Adam Mackenzie, the 16-gun brig-sloop , under Captain James Boorder, the 12-gun hired cutter Courier, and Juno and , which sent their boats, mounted an attack on , which was moored between the island of Schiermonnikoog and Groningen.

Pylades and Espiegle engaged Crash, which surrendered after a strong resistance. MacKenzie immediately put Crash into service under Lieutenant James Slade, Latonas first lieutenant. In the attack, Pylades lost one man killed and three wounded. Juno lost one man killed when the boats attacked a gun-schooner.

The next day the British captured one schyut and burnt a second. MacKenzie put Lieutenant Salusbury Pryce Humphreys of Juno on the captured schuyt after arming her with two 12-pounder carronades and naming her the Undaunted.

On 13 August the British attacked the Dutch schooner Vengeance (or Weerwrack or Waarwrick), of six cannons (two of them 24-pounders), and a battery on Schiermonnikoog. The British were able to burn the Vengeance and spike the battery's four guns. They also captured a rowboat with 30 men and two brass 4-pounder field pieces, and spiked another 12-pounder. The Courier grounded but was saved. Including Undaunted, the British captured three schuyts or galiots, the Vier Vendou, the Jonge Gessina and one other. The battle would earn those seamen who survived until 1847 the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Schiermonnikoog 12 Augt. 1799".

On 12 February 1800 Juno and  sailed for Jamaica as escorts to a convoy of 150 merchant vessels.

On 2 June Juno and , were in company when they captured Volante. On 1 October Juno, Melampus, and Retribution were in company when they captured the Aquila.

Napoleonic Wars
Captain Isaac Manley took command in 1802, paying off Juno in the middle of the year. A further refit followed, with Juno returning to sea under the command of Captain Henry Richardson. Richardson took Juno to the Mediterranean in April 1803.
Between 1 and 3 August 1803, Juno and  captured three vessels: Santissima Trinita, Parthenope, and Famosa. Then on the 21st, Juno and Morgiana captured San Giorgio.

On 8 September Juno was eight leagues off Cape Sparivento when she captured the French bombarde privateer Quatre Fils, of Nice. Quatre Fils was armed with four guns (12 and 9-pounders), and had a crew of 78 men.

In 1805 Juno and several other frigates and sloops arrived at Gibraltar where Nelson employed them to harass coastal shipping that was resupplying the Franco-Spanish fleet at Cadiz.

In 1806 Juno was then active in the Bay of Naples, supporting Sidney Smith's operations there. When Smith had arrived in Palermo on 21 April 1806 he found that Gaeta still held out against the French even though the Neapolitan government had had to cede the capital. Smith had immediately sent two convoys to Gaeta with supplies and ammunition and landed four 32-poundeer guns from . Smith also stationed Juno off Gaeta, where she was in a flotilla together with the Neapolitan frigate Minerva, Captain Vieugna, and 12 Neapolitan gun-boats.

Next, the French erected a battery of four guns on the point of La Madona della Catena. The Prince of Hesse-Philipstad put 60 men from the garrison at Gaeta in four fishing-boats and on the night of 12 May Richardson took them and the boats from Juno and Minerva to a small bay in the French rear. As the boats reached shore, the French signaled the attack and abandoned the battery. The landing party spiked the guns and destroyed the carriages unopposed. It then re-embarked, having sustained no losses.

On 15 May the garrison at Gaeta made another modestly successful sortie. Two divisions of gunboats supported the operation. Richardson commanded one division. Junos boats, under the command of Lieutenant Thomas Wells, assisted by Lieutenant of marines Robert M. Mant joined the attack. Junos boats sustained the allies' only loss, which consisted of four seamen killed and five wounded.

On 18 July 1806 the French under André Masséna captured Gaeta after an heroic defence. In 1809 it became a duché grand-fief in the Napoleonic Kingdom of Naples, but under the French name "Gaete", for finance minister Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin.

Fate
Captain Charles Schomberg succeeded Richardson in February 1807. Captain Granville Proby replaced Schomberg in July that year, with orders to sail Juno back to Britain. She was placed in ordinary at Woolwich after her arrival, and was broken up there in July 1811.

Notes

Citations

References

 James, William (1902) The Naval History of Great Britain from the declaration of war by France in 1793 to the accession of George IV. Vol. 4. (London).

Fifth-rate frigates of the Royal Navy
Ships built in Limehouse
1780 ships


The Ludlow River is a river in the South West region of Western Australia. It was named after Frank Ludlow, one of the first Western Australian colonists, an arrival on the barque Parmelia in 1829, who explored the locality in 1834.

The headwaters of the river are in the Whicher Range near Claymore. The river flows in a north-westerly direction through Yoganup then through Ludlow and discharges into the Wonnerup Estuary and thence into Geographe Bay and the Indian Ocean.

The Ludlow is located in the Vasse-Wonnerup Conservation District within the Geographe Catchment Area along with the Abba and Sabina Rivers. The majority of the foreshore of the river has been cleared and only 5% is in pristine condition.

The only tributary of the Ludlow is Tiger Gully.

References

Rivers of the South West region


The Cyranides (also Kyranides or Kiranides) is a compilation of magico-medical works in Greek first put together in the 4th century. Latin and Arabic translations also exists. It has been described as a "farrago" and a texte vivant, owing to the complexities of its transmission: it has been abridged, rearranged, and supplemented. The resulting compilation covers the magical properties and practical uses of gemstones, plants, and animals, and is a virtual encyclopedia of amulets; it also contains material pertinent to the history of western alchemy, and to New Testament studies, particularly in illuminating meanings of words and magico-religious practices. As a medical text, the Cyranides was held in relatively low esteem even in antiquity and the Middle Ages because of its use of vernacular language and reliance on lore rather than Hippocratic or Galenic medical theory.

In the Pseudodoxia Epidemica, Thomas Browne described the Cyranides as "a collection out of Harpocration the Greek and sundry Arabick writers delivering not only the Naturall but Magicall propriety of things." Although the Cyranides was considered "dangerous and disreputable" in the Middle Ages, it was translated into Latin by Pascalis Romanus, a clergyman with medical expertise who was the Latin interpreter for Emperor Manuel I Komnenos. The 14th-century cleric Demetrios Chloros was put on trial because he transcribed magical texts, including what was referred to as the Coeranis.

Form and structure

The original 4th-century Cyranides comprised three books, to which a redactor added a fourth. The original first book of the Cyranides, the Κυρανίς (Kuranis), was the second component of a two-part work, the first part of which was the Ἀρχαϊκἠ (Archaikê). Books 2–4 are a bestiary. The edition of Kaimakis (see below) contains a fifth and sixth book which were not transmitted under the name Cyranides but which were included with the work in a limited number of manuscripts. A medieval Arabic translation of the first book exists, and portions of it are "reflected" in the Old French work Le livre des secrez de nature (The Book of Nature's Secrets).

The Cyranides begins by instructing the reader to keep its contents secret, and with a fictional narrative of how the work was discovered. In one 15th-century manuscript, the author of the work is said to be Kyranos (Κοίρανος), king of Persia.

Sample remedies and spells
The Cyranides devotes a chapter to the healing powers of the water snake; its bezoar is used to cure dropsy. Fish gall is recommended for healing white spots in the eye; fish liver is supposed to cure blindness. For a "large and pleasurable" erection, a mixture of arugula, spices, and honey is recommended, as is carrying the tail of a lizard or the right molar of a skink. The fumigation or wearing of bear hair turns away evil spirits and fever.

Daniel Ogden, a specialist in magic and the supernatural in antiquity, has gathered several references from the Cyranides on the use of gemstones and amulets. The collection offers spells to avert the child-harming demon Gello, who was blamed for miscarriages and infant mortality, and says that aetite can be worn as an amulet against miscarriage.

Magico-religious tradition
Olympidorus provides a summary of a passage from the work, not part of the abridged version now extant, that has cosmological as well as alchemical implications:

In the extant version, the Cyranides contains a description of the heliodromus, a phoenix-like bird from India which, upon hatching, flies to the rising sun and then goes west when the sun passes the zenith. It lives only a year, and, according to some interpretations  of an unreliable text, leaves behind an androgynous progeny.

Editions and translations
  The Latin translation.
  (NB: Kaimakis did not consult the Latin text while making this edition).
  Partial Greek text.
  Arabic translation and partial Greek text; Greek text contains many typographical errors.
  (Arabic translation of fragments from books 2–4 of the Cyranides)
  English translation and commentary on select passages from Book 1.

Selected bibliography
 Bain, David. "Μελανῖτις γῆ in the Cyranides and Related Texts: New Evidence for the Origins and Etymology of Alchemy." In Magic in the Biblical World: From the Rod of Aaron to the Ring of Solomon. T&T Clark International, 2003, pp. 191–218. Limited preview  online.
 Bain, David. "περιγίνεσθαι as a Medical Term and a Conjecture in the Cyranides." In Ethics and Rhetoric: Classical Essays for Donald Russell on His Seventy-Fifth Birthday. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995, pp. 281–286. Limited preview online.
 Faraone, Christopher A. Ancient Greek Love Magic. Harvard University Press, 2001. Limited preview online.
Mavroudi, Maria. "Occult Science and Society in Byzantium: Considerations for Future Research." University of California, Berkeley. Full text downloadable. Also published in The Occult Sciences in Byzantium (La Pomme d'or, 2006), limited preview online.

References

Hermetica
Traditional medicine
History of ancient medicine
Alchemical documents
Greek alchemy


The Europe Top 16, also known as the Europe Top 16 Cup and previously known as the Europe Top 12, is a table tennis tournament organised annually by the European Table Tennis Union (ETTU), featuring the highest-ranked players in Europe.

History

The first event was held in 1971 in Zadar, Yugoslavia (now part of Croatia) as an experimental classification tournament. Twelve male players and six female players took part, with István Jónyer and Beatrix Kisházi, both from Hungary, winning the inaugural men's and women's competitions respectively. The tournament would go on to be held each year in different venues, and would become known as the Europe Top 12.

From 1971 until 1989, the tournament used a round-robin format; all players played each other once, with the champion being the player who accumulated the most wins. From 1990, there was a change of format; the twelve players were divided into two round-robin groups, with the top two players from each group progressing to semi-finals, followed by a final. At the 2001 tournament the twelve players were divided into four groups for the first time, with the group winners qualifying for the semi-finals, and from 2002 it was decided that the top two players from each group would qualify for quarter-finals, with knockout rounds to decide the winner. From 2015, the number of players qualifying for both the men's and women's events was increased to 16, and the tournament's name was changed to the Europe Top 16.

Sweden's Jan-Ove Waldner is the most successful player in the history of the men's event, winning the tournament seven times and finishing runner-up on a further four occasions between 1984 and 1996. Beatrix Kisházi of Hungary and Li Jiao of the Netherlands share the record for most wins in the women's event, with four wins each. Kisházi won the first three editions of the tournament from 1971 to 1973 and regained the title in 1977, while Li's four title wins came between 2007 and 2011.

Qualification

Since 2019, the 16 participants in both the men's and the women's tournaments qualify as follows:

 The current European Champion.
 14 additional players based on the European rankings at the time, subject to a maximum of two players from any association.
 One player from the host nation. If a player from the host nation has already qualified by right, the next eligible player in the rankings will qualify.

Format

Since 2018, the format of the tournament has been a knockout played over two days. The semi-final losers play off for third and fourth place. The top three players in both the men's and the women's tournaments will be guaranteed a place at the Table Tennis World Cup, subject to a maximum of two players from any association.

Results

Men

Women

Statistics

Multiple champions

Listed below are the players who have won the tournament on two or more occasions.

Men

Women

All-time medal table

See also

 Asian Cup
 PanAm Cup
 European Table Tennis Championships
 International Table Tennis Federation

References

External links
 European Table Tennis Union
 International Table Tennis Federation

Table tennis competitions
European international sports competitions
Recurring sporting events established in 1971


The pineapplefish (Cleidopus gloriamaris) also known as the Mailfish is a species of fish in the family Monocentridae, and the sole member of its genus. It is also known as the knightfish or the coat-of-mail fish, due to the armor-like scales covering its body, and the port-and-starboard light fish, as it has a pair of bioluminescent organs that are reminiscent of navigation lights on ships. Its specific epithet is from the Latin  and , meaning "glory of the sea".

Distribution and habitat
The pineapplefish is native to coastal waters off Queensland, New South Wales, and Western Australia. It occurs at a depth of  in reefs and harbors.

Description

The pineapplefish grows up to  long. It has a plump, rounded body almost completely covered in large, rough scales with sharp, backward-pointing spines. The head is large, with mucous pits bordered by rough ridges, and is armored with heavy bone. The snout is blunt and overhangs the wide mouth. The teeth are tiny and thin, present on the jaws, palatine, and vomer. There are two pits containing bioluminescent bacteria on the lower jaw near the corners of the mouth, which are concealed when the mouth is closed. This photophore is green in young fish and becomes more red as it ages. The first dorsal fin consists of 5–7 strong spines; the spines are free of a membrane and point alternatingly left and right. The second dorsal fin contains 12 soft rays. Each pelvic fin contains an extremely large spine, nearly as long as the head, and 3–4 rudimentary rays. The pelvic spine can be locked erect at a right angle to the body. The anal fin contains 11–12 rays and the pectoral fins 14–15 rays.

The scales of the pineapplefish are yellow to whitish with black rear margins, forming the striking pattern that gives this fish its name. The lips, chin, and parts of the jaw are black. There is a red stripe on the lower jaw running to the photophore. This species is very similar to the pinecone fishes of the genus Monocentris, and is placed within that genus by some authors. Cleidopus differs from Monocentris in having a narrow preorbital bone and in the position of its light organs, which are near the tip of the lower jaw in Monocentris. This species also differs from the Japanese pineapplefish (Monocentris japonica) in having a more rounded snout.

Biology and ecology
Due to its small fins and rigid armor, the pineapplefish is a weak swimmer. A nocturnal species, it may be found inside caves and under rocky ledges during the day. In the Fly Point Halifax Park Aquatic Preserve, New South Wales, a small group of pineapplefish has been documented under the same ledge for at least seven years, and another group under a different ledge for three years. At night, this species ventures out onto sandy flats to feed, using its light organs to illuminate small shrimp. The light may also be used to communicate with conspecifics. The light of the pineapplefish is produced by symbiotic colonies of the bacteria Vibrio fischeri within its photophores. V. fischeri are also found free-living in sea water and are naturally released from the pineapplefish's photophores. However, their luminescence dims within a matter of hours after being released. This species has lived up to 10 years in captivity.

Relationship to humans
The pineapplefish is moderately common in deep water, but due to its retiring nature, for some time after its initial discovery it was only known from specimens tossed ashore by storms. This fish is sometimes collected by commercial trawlers, and is popular with saltwater fish aquarists. It is fairly hardy, but must be provided with rocky hiding places and live food.

The species is not targeted by any fisheries, but is often taken as bycatch by commercial trawlers.

References

Monocentridae

Taxa named by Charles Walter De Vis
Bioluminescent fish
Marine fish of Eastern Australia
Marine fish of Western Australia
Fish described in 1882


Edward Lennox Sloan (1830–1874) was a Latter-day Saint editor and publisher.  He also was the arranger of the text of the hymn "For the Strength of the Hills" into the version currently contained in the hymnal of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Sloan was born in Bangor, Ireland and was trained as a weaver.  At some point in his teens, he joined the LDS Church. He was ordained an elder in the church at age 18 and then served as a missionary in Ireland, Wales, England and Scotland.  At this time he published a volume of poetry he had written entitled The Bard's Offering.

In 1851, Sloan married Mary Wallace, who was also a native of Ireland.

After having served as editor of the Millennial Star, Sloan immigrated to Utah Territory in 1863.  He crossed the ocean on the Amazon on which he served as the first counselor in the presidency over the Latter-day Saints on board.

In Utah, Sloan was the founder of the Salt Lake Daily Herald in 1870, which he ran with W. C. Dunbar.  When his efforts to get a column on women's issues included in the Herald were defeated by Dunbar, Sloan went ahead and organized the Woman's Exponent with Lula Greene as editor.  Sloan also published the first city directory of Salt Lake City.

Sloan also served as secretary of the Deseret Sunday School Union at the time of its organization in 1872.

Prior to the founding of the Herald, Sloan had assisted George Q. Cannon in editing the Deseret News.  He was also the recorder of many of the discourses included in the Journal of Discourses.

Sloan practiced plural marriage and had three wives and 15 children.

Notes

References

Carol Cornwall Madsen.  An Advocate for Women: The Public Life of Emmeline B. Wells, 1870-1920. (Provo, Brigham Young University Press, 2006) p. 40-41.
Orson F. Whitney. History of Utah (Salt Lake City: G. Q. Cannon and Sons, 1904) p. 622-624.

1830 births
1874 deaths
Converts to Mormonism
Editors of Latter Day Saint publications
Irish emigrants to the United States
Irish Latter Day Saints
Irish Mormon missionaries
Irish Latter Day Saint hymnwriters
Latter Day Saint writers
People from Bangor, County Down
Writers from Salt Lake City
Sunday School (LDS Church) people
Mormon missionaries in Ireland
Mormon missionaries in England
Mormon missionaries in Scotland
Mormon missionaries in Wales
Mormon pioneers
19th-century classical composers


Pottersville may refer to:

 Pottersville, Indiana
 Pottersville, New Jersey, a community
 Pottersville, New York, a hamlet in the town of Chester, Warren County, New York
 Pottersville District, Harrisville, NH, in the National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire
 Pottersville Village Historic District, Pottersville, NJ, in the National Register of Historic Places listings in New Jersey
 Pottersville (Edgefield, South Carolina), in the National Register of Historic Places listings in South Carolina
 Pottersville (film)
 Pottersville, an unincorporated village in Howell County, Missouri.
 Pottersville, a fictional town in the 1946 Frank Capra film It's a Wonderful Life


The Tenth Month is a 1979 American made-for-TV-movie based on the 1970 novel of the same name by Laura Z. Hobson. The movie was directed by Joan Tewkesbury and starred Carol Burnett, Keith Michell, and Dina Merrill.

Plot
An unmarried, middle-aged woman accidentally becomes pregnant by an internationally renowned pianist and decides to keep and raise the baby on her own.

Cast
 Carol Burnett as Dori Grey
 Keith Michell as Matthew Poole
 Dina Merrill as Cele
 Melissa Converse as Ellen Varley
 Cristina Raines as Nancy Miller
 Richard Venture as Dr. Paul Jessup
 Yvonne Wilder as Mrs. Figueroa
 Martine Beswick as Joan Poole
 Woodrow Parfrey as Tad Jones
 Joe Ponazecki as Dick Townsend
 Del Hinkley as Mark Donovan
 Jossie DeGuzman as Iliana
 Rex Robbins as Gene Varley
 Harriet Medin as Mrs. Cox, Lawyer
 Linda Grovenor as Molly Jamison
 Joe Seneca as Doorman
 Alberto Vazquez as Rinaldo
 Will Thompson as Cat Judge

Release
The Tenth Month aired on CBS September 16, 1979 and September 15, 1980. The film was released on VHS on April 7, 1987.

References

External links

1978 television films
1978 films
CBS network films
Films based on American novels
American pregnancy films
1970s pregnancy films
Films directed by Joan Tewkesbury
1970s American films


The Zunfthaus zur Meisen is the guild house of the Zunft zur Meisen. It is one of the many historically valuable buildings in the Lindenhof quarter in Zürich, Switzerland, and also housed the porcelain and faience collection of the Swiss National Museum by April 2018. It is situated at the Münsterhof and the Münsterbrücke, a bridge over the river Limmat, opposite the upper Limmatquai with the Constaffel, Zimmerleuten, Kämbel and Saffran guild houses.

History

The Zunft zur Meisen
In 1449, the former Zunft zum Winlütten (innkeepers guild) built a house named der Meysen hus. That same year the guild, which was composed of vintners, tavern owners, saddlers and painters, changed their name to reflect the name of the house, Zunft zur Meisen (Meisen guild).

The Zunft zum Winlütten, along with the other medieval Zürich guilds, was founded in 1336, based on a system established by Rudolf Brun, Zurich's first independent mayor. Although the guilds represented various craft associations, they were also economic, political, social and even military organizations that participated in the wars of the medieval city republic as independent military units. They also constituted the councilors of the elitary council of the medieval city republic of Zürich, until the French revolutionary troops terminated the guild regime, and the Old Swiss Confederacy collapsed in spring 1798.

The Zürich guilds, except for the women members of the Fraumünster society who only participate as guests of the Constaffel, still celebrate Sechseläuten.

Building of the Zunft
In early times, the "Alter Einsiedlerhof" house stood on the site of today's guild house. This was first mentioned on 25 October 1268. Abbot Anselm von Einsiedeln once had this building built as a flophouse for the abbot. In addition, the house also contained the former apartment of the administrator. In 1618 the former "Alte Einsiedlerhof" was sold to Squire Colonel Kaspar Schmid who had the time-honored house replaced by a new building.

In 1752 construction of a new guild house was begun, and the widows of two stonemasons caused a stir by submitting a lower bid than their male counterparts. The two women were given the contract. The building is located on the Limmat river's left shore, in immediate neighborhood of the Fraumünster abbey at the Münsterhof plaza.

The building originally housed an observatory, the Urania Sternwarte, on its roof. In 1759, the astronomical commission used this telescope to define the Culminatio solis, thus determining the exact location of the city of Zürich on the globe. In the 19th century, Gottfried Keller and Ferdinand Hodler were among the most famous guests of the former Café zur Meisen. In the 20th century, Gustaf V of Sweden, Winston Churchill, Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Jimmy Carter were all visitors. The building is still a restaurant of the higher price class.

Architecture
The former Zunft zum Winlütten had its guild house at Marktgasse. In 1757, a Rococo palace in the French style – with a cour d'honneur and elegant puddling doors – was built by the architect, David Morf (1700–1773). The stone for the building was Bollinger sandstone from the quarries on Obersee lake shore. Particular attention was given to the interior of the building; the ceiling and wall paintings are by Johann Balthasar Bullinger, the masonry heaters by Leonhard Locher and Hans Jakob Hofmann, and the elaborate stucco ceilings by the Tyrolean master Johann Schuler. The two guild rooms and the balcony hall between them are decorated with lavish stucco and form an ideal backdrop for the comprehensive presentation of Baroque table culture. With this connection, the house and exhibition merge into a synthesis of the arts. The Zunfthaus zur Meisen is considered one of the most beautiful guild houses in Zürich.

Porcelain and Faience collections
From 1958 to 17 April 2018 the guild house was one of the seven sites of the Swiss National Museum and housed its porcelain and faience collection. The permanent exhibition gave an overview of the Swiss porcelain and faience factories of the 18th century, and the development of forms and patterns of dishware and miniatures. One of the focuses were the products of the Porzellanmanufaktur Schooren (1763–1790) in Kilchberg. Changing exhibitions further explained the history and the work of well-known porcelain manufacturers and other cultural and historical issues in Zürich, such as the anniversary exhibition Frauen, Zunft und Männerwelt – 250 Jahre Zunfthaus zur Meisen (Women, Men's Guild and the world - 250 years Guild house Meisen). The main item in the collection was an originally 300-piece dinner service, which Zürich donated to the Einsiedeln Abbey in 1775 as a thank-you for its mediation in the conflict over fishing rights with the Canton of Schwyz. Zürich porcelain is complemented by outstanding objects from Nyon, the other important Swiss porcelain manufactory of that time, which produced from 1781 to 1813. In the field of faience tableware production all Swiss production sites of that time were represented. Zürich's magnificent tiled stoves made of faience refer to the close ties to this branch of industry, but also to the important Swiss harbor tradition.

Because of the less visitor-friendly opening hours (Thursdays to Sundays, from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.) the museum management tried to reconcile the different needs. Since the opening of the intensively used new Nationalmuseum building, the flow of visitors has shifted even more clearly there. In view of the imminent renovation of the tits, which required the exhibition to be cleared from 17 April 2018 anyway, the management of the National Museum finally decided not to continue the Meisen outstation. It is envisaged that the ceramic and porcelain holdings will one day be integrated into the redesigned permanent exhibition in the west wing of the Landesmuseum, the opening of which is planned for next year after completion of the comprehensive renovation. The museum management expects that this relocation of the collection to the head office will benefit from the link to other collections and that it will be noticed by many more visitors.

Cultural heritage of national importance
The Meisen building and its collection is listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as a Class A object of national importance.

Literature
 Markus Brühlmeier, Beat Frei: Das Zürcher Zunftwesen. Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zürich 2005.

References

External links

 Landesmuseum

Altstadt (Zürich)
Guild houses in Zürich
Museums in Zürich
Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Zürich
Ceramics museums
Restaurants in Zürich
Museums established in 1908
Buildings and structures completed in 1757
1908 establishments in Switzerland
18th-century architecture in Switzerland


The Rogue River Ranch is a pioneer farm complex in Curry County in southwest Oregon, United States. The ranch is located on the north shore of the Rogue River just outside the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest. The original ranch buildings were constructed by George Billings. Later, the ranch was sold to Stanley Anderson, who increased the size of the property and built additional farm buildings. The Bureau of Land Management bought the ranch in 1970. Today, the main ranch house is a museum. The Bureau of Land Management also maintains a campground on the property. The Rogue River Ranch is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

History

Archeological evidence shows that Native Americans occupied the area around the Rogue River Ranch for over 9,000 years. Ancient Takelma speaking people were the first to make their home in Rogue River valley. Later, Athabascan speaking people migrated into the area. While their languages were different, both groups shared a common way of life based on fishing, hunting, and gathering. For thousands of years, the site that is now the Rogue River Ranch was a seasonal camp. However, it appears likely a permanent village was eventually established at the site. The Native American way of life along the Rogue River came to an end in 1856 when the native people were removed to reservations in northern Oregon.

In 1887, Tom Billings filed an official homestead claim on the north shore of the Rogue River at the mouth of Mule Creek. The following year, Tom transferred the claim to his older brother, George. In 1894, Tom and his wife, Anna, had their first child, a daughter named Marial. The settlement at Mule Creek was named Marial, after her.

In 1903, George Billings constructed a large two-story house and established the Billings Trading Company at Marial. Billings also ran a boarding house for travelers and local miners. Over time, the trading post became the center of commercial and social life for residents of Marial, who eventually number around 100 people. In 1907, Billings sold his property on the west side of Mule Creek, an area called Douglas Bar, to the Red River Mining and Milling Company. The next year, Billings built a barn on his remaining property. The building eventually became known as the tabernacle. Billings hosted dances and church services in the tabernacle. The Red River Mining Company closed in 1912, and Billings re-acquired the property on the west side of the creek. In 1931, Billings sold his  ranch to Stanley Anderson for $5,000.

The Anderson family later purchased  across the river from the ranch. In the years following the purchase of the ranch, the Anderson family expanded the main house and built a caretaker's house, bunkhouse, blacksmith shop, tackhouse, woodshed, storage shed, and chicken coop. The Andersons also tore down most of the old mining buildings at Douglas Bar. The Marial post office, which had been open since in 1903, was closed in 1954. In 1956, Anderson painted the main house a distinctive red, a color it still retains. In 1970, the Anderson family sold their  ranch to the United States Government under the National Wild and Scenic Rivers program, and the Bureau of Land Management was given responsibility for managing the property.

The Bureau of Land Management established the Rogue River Ranch National Historic Site and converted the main house into a museum. The museum has displays on Native American history, the local mining era, the Billings homestead period, and the development of the Anderson family farm. The Rogue River Ranch museum is open to visits from May to October.

The Rogue River Ranch offers visitors the opportunity to experience the rich heritage of the Rogue River canyon area. Because the ranch played an important role in the commercial and social development of the local area, the Rogue River Ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 29 December 1975. This historic ranch covers . There are four historic buildings on the property and six non-contributing structures.

Structures

There are four ranch buildings open to the public. They are the tackhouse, the blacksmith shop, the tabernacle, and the main house museum. There is also a caretaker's house, a large barn, and several minor farm buildings that are not open to the public.

The main house was built in 1903. It sits on a gentle slope facing Mule Creek. The house is a two-story, wood-frame structure. The lumber for the house was all cut by hand from Ponderosa pine logs cut on the site. The siding was smoothed with hand planes down to one quarter inch in thickness. The window glass was shipped overland from Portland, but the window frames were handmade at the ranch. The main house does not have a fireplace. It is heated by a wood-burning stove in the living room.

The other ranch buildings are also wood-frame structures with wood-lap siding. The Bureau of Land Management renovated the Tackhouse in 2008. The project replaced badly rotted framing members that had made the entire structure unsound.

Location

Rogue River Ranch National Historic Site is located in the Rogue River canyon in southern Oregon. The ranch is at the mouth of Mule Creek on the north shore of the Rogue River at an elevation of approximately  above sea level. It is an isolated property, surrounded by the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest. The ranch is a major stop over point along the wild section of the Rogue River, which has been officially designated a National Wild and Scenic River.

The Rogue River Ranch is  northwest of Galice,  southwest of Glendale,  southeast of Powers, and  northeast of the small unincorporated community of Agness. It takes at least two hours to reach the ranch from any of these starting points. There are no gas stations along the route, so visitors driving to the ranch should depart with a full tank of gas. The nearest city is Grants Pass, which is  from the ranch by way of Galice or Glendale.

The ranch can also be reached by boating down the Rogue River or by hiking the Rogue River canyon trail. The ranch is 22 river miles from Grave Creek Bridge (which is  north of Galice), or  along the canyon trail. Most people make the float trip in two days. The canyon hike from Grave Creek usually takes three days.

Because the Rogue River Ranch is a popular stopping point for boater floating down the Rogue River and hikers trekking the Rogue River canyon trail, the Bureau of Land Management maintains a campground at the mouth of Mule Creek. The campground has several primitive camp sites with public toilets available nearby. Due to new regulations for public water supplies, drinking water is no longer available near the caretaker's house. The Bureau of Land Management does not charge a fee for camping at the ranch; however, campers must coordinate their stay with the ranch caretaker.

References

External links

Rogue River Ranch National Historic Site
Bureau of Land Management – Oregon State Office
Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest

Rustic architecture in Oregon
Houses completed in 1903
Museums in Curry County, Oregon
Bureau of Land Management areas in Oregon
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
Ranches in Oregon
Protected areas of Curry County, Oregon
Historic house museums in Oregon
National Register of Historic Places in Curry County, Oregon
1903 establishments in Oregon
Ranches on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
Blacksmith shops


Vissing Priory  () was a Benedictine nunnery, situated near the monastery of Voer Abbey, but on the northern bank of the Gudenå, close to the present Klostermølle in Vorladegår  parish near Silkeborg, Denmark.

History
The nunnery was founded at an unknown date, probably in the mid-12th century, by one of the Bishops of Aarhus, possibly to function as a double monastery with the nearby Voer Abbey.
Vissing Priory and Øm Abbey (Øm Kloster) each owned half of the Vosgårde, which was a mill with appurtenances; the two religious houses were in dispute over it for the greater part of their existence.

Vissing Priory was burnt down by troops of Abel, King of Denmark during civil conflict in 1244. To what extent it was rebuilt, if at all, is unknown. The site has not been systematically investigated since, although there have been a number of casual finds, and therefore little is known about it.

The nunnery was formally wound up between 1424 and 1449 and its estates were transferred to Ulrik Stygge, Bishop of Aarhus. After years of contention some of them were eventually made over to Voer Abbey in 1488.

References

External links
 DKConline
 Silkeborg Commune website

Benedictine monasteries in Denmark
Benedictine nunneries in Denmark


West Hall is a building on the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute campus in Troy, New York, United States. It is currently home to the Arts Department at RPI. It was previously a hospital, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Old Troy Hospital.

Description
A plaque on the southwest corner of West Hall reads as follows: "The Corner Stone of the Troy Hospital was laid on the 28th of June 1868 by the right Rev. Bishop Conroy". The hospital was opened in 1869 and was operated by the Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul. The design of the building is due to Marcus F. Cummings of Troy and noted as a major example of French Second Empire architecture. The Sisters of Charity sold the building to the Albany Diocese in 1922 and it was converted to be used as a Catholic High School in 1923. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute acquired the building in 1952 and named it West Hall, as it was one of the westernmost buildings on campus. Following a complete renovation, the School of Humanities and Social Sciences and the Department of Geology occupied the building. A geology museum was housed there at one time, the remnants of which can still be seen in parts of the basement.

West Hall currently houses several offices, art studios, and rehearsal space for the Rensselaer Symphony Orchestra. There is a large auditorium for performances and a few music practice rooms. Between 2004 and 2008 there was a major renovation of the exterior, which was made in part by a $150,000 Campus Heritage Initiative Grant. The building was completely repainted and detailed, and the front steps were re-landscaped. During 2008–09 new stairs were constructed traversing the hill on the north side, as well as more robust concrete retaining walls.

A folklore surrounds the construction of "cables" to stabilize the building on the shifting hill. The cables supposedly were put in place to anchor the building's foundations to an outcropping of bedrock near Walker Labs. According to Thomas Zimmie PhD, PE, D.GE, a professor in the Civil Engineering Department of RPI, this kind of myth comes about worldwide. According to him, "There are no cables holding West Hall... There are slope problems on campus, but nothing that can't be fixed." While Professor Zimmie acknowledges that a problem will eventually occur, he says "It will probably take at least a few thousand years."

History

Troy Hospital (1891–1913/23)

Originally built as Troy Hospital, the building opened in Fall 1871 and remained in operation until 1913. At the end of the Civil War, the growth of Troy and two fires at the old hospital site resulted in plans for a new and larger hospital, which was located at Fulton and 8th Streets. The new Old Troy Hospital was completed in the fall of 1871 in the “Grant style” of building and attracted young, newly minted physicians to the upgraded facility that was thought to be on the leading edge of health care in the U.S. As a hospital the building was the second site of Troy Hospital founded by Sisters of Charity in 1850, and the new building was at a higher elevation to increase "natural ventilation". The hospital was the first full-service hospital outside of New York City and intended to treat "the poor and indigent of the city", the industrial workers, and Irish Catholic immigrants whom the Catholic priests would not visit because of their residence in almshouses and orphanages. But over the years it developed private rooms for the more affluent members of the Troy community to have respite. In 1895 the hospital added a “special operating room suite” and began a nursing school. The hospital attracted several physicians of note. Dr. John Thorn was the first appointed physician. Thorn trained in England, was one of early Troy’s most famous residents, and was twice elected mayor.  A service offered in 1905 was the availability of horse-drawn ambulances.  Between 1913 and 1923 the building languished and was not in use.

Catholic Central High School (1923–1952)
In the spring of 1923, Bishop Gibbons of the Albany Catholic Diocese began a movement to raise capital to transform the old Troy Hospital into a Catholic Central High School. A total of $250,000 was raised and a reconstruction plan of the building was implemented. The Diocese added an auditorium, gymnasium, and cafeteria.

Classes began in 1923, but not in the intended building. Delays caused classes to be held at St. Peter's Lyceum until early 1924.  During West Hall's tenure as Catholic Central High School it acquired many of the classroom structures we see today, including separate entrances for the sexes. Visible still to this day are the southernmost entrance labeled "Boys" and the northernmost entrance labeled "Girls".  The building transferred to RPI in 1952.

Gallery

References

Buildings and structures in Troy, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Troy, New York
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Second Empire architecture in New York (state)
1869 establishments in New York (state)
Infrastructure completed in 1869


Shintanjin is a city located north of Daejeon, South Korea. This city is famous for the biggest cigarette factory in Korea, especially the ESSE brand, the best seller in the superslim cigarette category overseas. Although it's a suburb of Daejeon, there is a train station connecting other cities and Seoul. In April, there is an annual cherry blossom festival near the famous cigarette factory.
There are many motels and pubs around the train station. There is a big famous dam near this town.

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20060827084243/http://www.daedeok-gu.daejeon.kr/ctnt/ptal/resi/03/resi.03.085.html

Neighbourhoods in South Korea
Daedeok District


Pahari, or Pahadi (   'of the hills/mountains'; ) is an ambiguous term that has been used for a variety of languages, dialects and language groups, most of which are found in the lower Himalayas.

Most commonly, it refers to:
 Pahari-Pothwari, the predominant language of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir and neighbouring areas of Punjab and Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir
 individual Western Pahari languages spoken primarily in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, with some languages in the south-eastern parts of Indian Jammu and Kashmir,
 Northern Indo-Aryan languages, in the linguistics literature often referred to as "Pahari languages", a proposed group that includes the Indo-Aryan languages of Nepal and the Indian states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh.

Less commonly, Pahari may be:
 a term used by Dogri speakers of the plains to refer to the Dogri varieties spoken at higher elevations, in Indian Jammu and Kashmir
 a local name for a variety of Bilaspuri spoken in a certain hilly area of Indian Punjab
 a name nowadays used only in rural areas to refer to the Nepali language
 a local name for a Bhili dialect of Eastern Gujarat.

Pahari ( paharī) refers to:
 Pahari language (Sino-Tibetan), a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by a few thousand people in central Nepal.

Of similar origin is the name Paharia, which is used for several languages of east-central India: see Paharia language (disambiguation).

References

Language naming


Two-Star Tabernacle was a short-lived punk rock band from Detroit. Two-Star Tabernacle consisted of a young Jack White (who later became the founding member of popular rock group The White Stripes), Dan John Miller, Tracee Mae Miller and Damian Lang.

The band's first release came in 1998, and was a 7-inch vinyl with Andre Williams released by Bloodshot Records initially as a limited edition of 500 on white vinyl, then an additional limited edition of 500 on black vinyl <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloodshotrecords.com/album/jet-black-daddy-7-single|title=Jet Black Daddy (7 Single)|date=20 December 2013|website=Bloodshotrecords.com|accessdate=10 September 2020}}</ref> and  The band's second release came in 2011, and was a 7-inch vinyl recorded around the same time as the first also featuring Andre Williams, released through Jack White's Third Man Records Vault Subscription Service. Several of the band's songs were altered and recorded on the White Stripes' album White Blood Cells and Blanche's album If We Can't Trust the Doctors...''

Bootlegs
There are only two heavily circulated bootlegs, but more are believed to exist. The most common was recorded at The Gold Dollar in Detroit, Michigan on January 16, 1998, and the rarer of the two was recorded at Paychecks in Hamtramck, Michigan, on March 12, 1999.

Live At The Gold Dollar set list

"Who's To Say"
"Itchy"
"Hotel Yorba"
"Worst Time Of My Life"
"Garbage Picker"
"Now Mary" (Early Version)
"Zig Zag Springs"
"Red Head"
"Jesus And Tequila"
"So Long Cruel World"
"Sixteen Tons"

Live At Paychecks set list

"Rank Stranger"
"The Union Forever"
"Who's To Say"
"The Same Boy You've Always Known"
"Zig Zag Springs"
"Rootin' Tootin'"
"Hotel Yorba"
"So Long, Cruel World"
"Plain As Day"
"Wayfarin' Stranger"

References

Alternative rock groups from Michigan
Garage rock groups from Michigan
Musical groups from Detroit
Musical groups established in 1998
Punk blues musical groups
Rock music duos
Third Man Records artists
Bloodshot Records artists


Danielle Nicole Gant (born March 6, 1987 in Cleveland, Ohio) is a women's college basketball guard/forward. She was drafted 16th overall by the Chicago Sky in the 2009 WNBA draft. She played college ball for Texas A&M.

Honors and awards
2008–09 Team Captain
Two-Time All-Big 12 First Team by league's coaches (2008, 2009)
Two-Time State Farm All-America Regional Finalist (2008, 2009)
Three-Time Big 12 All-Defensive Team (2007,2008 and 2009)
2009 Big 12 Defensive Player of the Year
Two-Time Big 12 Player of the Week selection (Feb. 25, 2008 and March 3, 2008)
2008 All-Big 12 First Team by the Waco Tribune-Herald
2008 All-Big 12 Second Team by The Dallas Morning News
The 21st all-time player to reach 1,000 career points at A&M
The 17th all-time player to gain entrance into the 500 Rebound Club at A&M
Named WBCA National Player of the Month Honorable Mention selection for the month of December 2007
2007 Paradise Jam St. John Division All-Tournament Team
Texas A&M's NCAA Tournament Single Game Record Holder In Points (24) and Rebounds (14)
2007 All-Big 12 Second Team by league's coaches
2007 All-Big 12 Second Team by the Waco Tribune
2007 Big 12 Defensive Player of the Year by the Waco Tribune
2007 All-Big 12 Second Team by The Dallas Morning News
2007 Big 12 Sixth Man Award by league's coaches
2005 Hawaiian Airlines Rainbow Wahine Classic All-Tournament Team

Texas A&M statistics
Source

Reference:

References

External links
Texas A&M Aggies bio

1987 births
Living people
American women's basketball players
Basketball players from Cleveland
Chicago Sky draft picks
Forwards (basketball)
Guards (basketball)
Texas A&M Aggies women's basketball players


Jake's Progress is the second album by Jake Thackray. It was recorded at Abbey Road Studios, produced by Norman Newell, and released on LP by EMI in 1968. The album is currently out of print, but its songs, digitally remastered, are included in the four-CD retrospective Jake in a Box, which also includes alternate versions of eight of the songs – "Left on the Shelf" (in the first person, rather than, as on the album, the third), "The Blacksmith and the Toffee-Maker", "Family Tree", "One-Eyed Isaac", "Grandad", "Salvation Army Girl", "Sophie" and "Nurse" – recorded during the sessions for The Last Will and Testament of Jake Thackray in 1967. "The Blacksmith and the Toffee-Maker" was adapted by Thackray from a story from Laurie Lee's Cider with Rosie.

Track listing

Personnel
Jake Thackray - vocals, guitar
Frank Horrox - piano
Ike Isaacs - guitar
Frank Clarke - bass
Geoff Love - musical supervision

References

External links
Track listing and sleeve notes at jakethackray.com
Jake’s Progress at The Downstairs Lounge

Jake Thackray albums
1969 albums
EMI Records albums
Albums produced by Norman Newell


I Still Have a Pony is the second live comedy album by Steven Wright.  The title is a play on that of Wright's previous album I Have a Pony, which was released 22 years before. The album contains the audio from his Comedy Central standup comedy special When the Leaves Blow Away. Wright claims to have come back with a new album and special because "the people in college now weren't even born or were like five years old when I did my last HBO special."

Like its predecessor, the album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album.

Track listing
 "Quote" - 4:56
 "I Met This Woman" - 4:06
 "The Store" - 4:18
 "Camera" - 4:23
 "The Kitten Song" - 1:08
 "Twin" - 3:12
 "Monopoly" - 3:33
 "Hitchhiker" - 3:15
 "Planetarium" - 2:49
 "My Grandfather" - 3:01
 "Shopping Carts" - 2:16
 "The Mumbles Song" - 2:02
 "Friends of Mine Song" - 3:11

References

Steven Wright albums
Stand-up comedy albums
2007 live albums
Comedy Central Records live albums
2000s comedy albums


William Gibiral Hay (18 April 1887 - 12 October 1978) was an American radio announcer who was famous for his many years of work on the Amos 'n' Andy show with Charles Correll and Freeman Gosden.

Biography
Hay was born on 18 April 1887 in Dumfries, Scotland. He migrated to the United States at age 22 in 1909. He became a citizen on 25 January 1917.

He got his start in radio at Westinghouse station KFKX in Hastings, Nebraska. In 1927 that station's operations were moved to Chicago, Illinois. Gosden and Correll had a show similar to Amos 'n' Andy called Sam 'n' Henry at Chicago radio station WGN, but after a dispute in 1927, they took the program's concept and WGN announcer Bill Hay across town to WMAQ.  The Amos 'n' Andy team created the first syndicated radio show in history. The sponsor of Amos 'n' Andy, Pepsodent, contractually stipulated that no one but Bill Hay was ever to announce their show.

Hay died on 12 October 1978 in Santa Monica, California.

Legacy
Bill Hay has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

References

Further reading
 Radio and Television the Hard Way, Ray C. Smucker
 Radio Voices: American Broadcasting, 1922-1952, Michele Hilmes, Edition: 3, illustrated, U of Minnesota Press, 1997, 353 pages

American radio personalities
1887 births
1978 deaths
Scottish emigrants to the United States


Thoi pass ( تھوئی) (el. 16,420 ft.) is a high mountain pass that connects Gazin in Yarkhun River valley in Chitral to Nialthi in the Yasin Valley in Guips-Yasin District in Pakistan. Village Nalti lies on the south bank of Thoi river (Thoi e Sande), that runs off from the glacier lying to the east of the pass.

It is also known as Thoi pass (locally its called Thoi Haghosth) Haghosth is a brosho word which is exactly used for pass in brosho literature. Thoi Haghosth situated in Moshbar valley which is situated on lift side of Khaimathbar and on right of Dasbar valley mostly all these bars are used as pastures for cattle by local people (Bar is local used for a geographical feature, comprizes of meadows, forests streams with enough area etc and has a Statue of Miguel Pearlos (unconfirmed about the statue) at the base.
In old era people were using these pass for multi purposes, the local people of Thoi were going Yarkhoon thorough this in order to buy cattle's etc

Mountain passes of Gilgit-Baltistan
Chitral District
Ghizer District


This is a list of dishes found in Spanish cuisine.

Spanish dishes

Breads and pastries

Soups and stews

Condiments and sauces

Desserts

Dairy products
Spanish cheeses

Processed meat and fish
Spanish sausages

Others

Beverages

Alcoholic beverages
Beer and breweries, and Spanish wine

Non-alcoholic beverages

See also

 Merienda
 Andalusian cuisine
 Asturian cuisine
 Aragonese cuisine
 Balearic cuisine
 Basque cuisine
 Canarian cuisine
 Castilian-Leonese cuisine
 Cantabrian cuisine
 Castilian-Manchego cuisine
 Catalan cuisine
 Cuisine of the province of Valladolid
 Extremaduran cuisine
 Galician cuisine
 Leonese cuisine
 Valencian cuisine
 List of cuisines
 Denominación de origen
 List of Spanish soups and stews
 List of tapas
 List of Spanish cheeses

References

External links

Dishes


The SPARC64 V (Zeus) is a SPARC V9 microprocessor designed by Fujitsu. The SPARC64 V was the basis for a series of successive processors designed for servers, and later, supercomputers.

The servers series are the SPARC64 V+, VI, VI+, VII, VII+, X, X+ and XII. The SPARC64 VI and its successors up to the VII+ were used in the Fujitsu and Sun (later Oracle) SPARC Enterprise M-Series servers. In addition to servers, a version of the SPARC64 VII was also used in the commercially available Fujitsu FX1 supercomputer. As of October 2017, the SPARC64 XII is the latest server processor, and it is used in the Fujitsu and Oracle M12 servers.

The supercomputer series was based on the SPARC64 VII, and are the SPARC64 VIIfx, IXfx, and XIfx. The SPARC64 VIIIfx was used in the K computer, and the SPARC64 IXfx in the commercially available PRIMEHPC FX10. As of July 2016, the SPARC64 XIfx is the latest supercomputer processor, and it is used in the Fujitsu PRIMEHPC FX100 supercomputer.

History
In the late 1990s, HAL Computer Systems, a subsidiary of Fujitsu, was designing a successor to the SPARC64 GP as the SPARC64 V. First announced at Microprocessor Forum 1999, the HAL SPARC64 V would have operated 1 GHz and had a wide superscalar organization with superspeculation, an L1 instruction trace cache, a small but very fast 8 KB L1 data cache, and separate L2 caches for instructions and data. It was designed in Fujitsu's CS85 process, a 0.17 μm CMOS process with six levels of copper interconnect; and would have consisted of 65 million transistors on a 380 mm2 die. Originally scheduled for a late 2001 release in Fujitsu GranPower servers, it was canceled in mid-2001 when HAL was closed by Fujitsu, and replaced by a Fujitsu design.

The first Fujitsu SPARC64 Vs were fabricated in December 2001. They operated at 1.1 to 1.35 GHz. Fujitsu's 2003 SPARC64 roadmap showed that the company planned a 1.62 GHz version for release in late 2003 or early 2004, but it was canceled in favor of the SPARC64 V+. The SPARC64 V was used by Fujitsu in their PRIMEPOWER servers.

The SPARC64 V was first presented at Microprocessor Forum 2002. At introduction, it had the highest clock frequency of both SPARC and 64-bit server processors in production; and the highest SPEC rating of any SPARC processor.

Description
The SPARC64 V is a four-issue superscalar microprocessor with out-of-order execution. It was based on the Fujitsu GS8900 mainframe microprocessor.

Pipeline
The SPARC64 V fetches up to eight instructions from the instruction cache during the first stage and places them into a 48-entry instruction buffer. In the next stage, four instructions are taken from this buffer, decoded and issued to the appropriate reserve stations. The SPARC64 V has six reserve stations, two that serve the integer units, one for the address generators, two for the floating-point units, and one for branch instructions. Each integer, address generator and floating-point unit has an eight-entry reserve station. Each reserve station can dispatch an instruction to its execution unit. Which instruction is dispatched firstly depends on operand availability and then its age. Older instructions are given higher priority than newer ones. The reserve stations can dispatch instructions speculatively (speculative dispatch). That is, instructions can be dispatched to the execution units even when their operands are not yet available but will be when execution begins. During stage six, up to six instructions are dispatched.

Register read
The register files are read during stage seven. The SPARC architecture has separate register files for integer and floating-point instructions. The integer register file has eight register windows. The JWR (Joint Work Register) contains 64 entries and has eight read ports and two write ports. The JWR contains a subset of the eight register windows, the previous, current and next register windows. Its purpose is reduce the size of register file so that the microprocessor can operate at higher clock frequencies. The floating-point register file contains 64 entries and has six read ports and two write ports.

Execution
Execution begins during stage nine. There are six execution units, two for integer, two for loads and stores, and two for floating-point. The two integer execution units are designated EXA and EXB. Both have an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and a shift unit, but only EXA has multiply and divide units. Loads and stores are executed by two address generators (AGs) designated AGA and AGB. These are simple ALUs used to calculate virtual addresses.

The two floating-point units (FPUs) are designated FLA and FLB. Each FPU contains an adder and a multiplier, but only FLA has a graphics unit attached. They execute add, subtract, multiply, divide, square root and multiply–add instructions. Unlike its successor SPARC64 VI, the SPARC64 V performs the multiply–add with separate multiplication and addition operations, thus with up to two rounding errors. The graphics unit executes Visual Instruction Set (VIS) instructions, a set of single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instructions. All instructions are pipelined except for divide and square root, which are executed using iterative algorithms. The FMA instruction is implemented by reading three operands from the operand register, multiplying two of the operands, forwarding the result and the third operand to the adder, and adding them to produce the final result.

Results from the execution units and loads are not written to the register file. To maintain program order, they are written to update buffers, where they reside until committed. The SPARC64 V has separate update buffers for integer and floating-point units. Both have 32 entries each. The integer register  has eight read ports and four write ports. Half of the write ports are used for results from the integer execution units and the other half by data returned by loads. The floating-point update buffer has six read ports and four write ports.

Commit takes place during stage ten at the earliest. The SPARC64 V can commit up to four instructions per cycle. During stage eleven, results are written to the register file, where it becomes visible to software.

Cache
The SPARC64 V has two-level cache hierarchy. The first level consists of two caches, an instruction cache and a data cache. The second level consists of an on-die unified cache.

The level 1 (L1) caches each have a capacity of 128 KB. They are both two-way set associative and have 64-byte line size. They are virtually indexed and physically tagged. The instruction cache is accessed via a 256-bit bus. The data cache is accessed with two 128-bit buses. The data cache consists of eight banks separated by 32-bit boundaries. It uses a write-back policy. The data cache writes to the L2 cache with its own 128-bit unidirectional bus.

The second level cache has a capacity of 1 or 2 MB and the set associativity depends on the capacity.

System bus
The microprocessor has a 128-bit system bus that operates at 260 MHz. The bus can operate in two modes, single-data rate (SDR) or double-data (DDR) rate, yielding a peak bandwidth of 4.16 or 8.32 GB/s, respectively.

Physical
The SPARC64 V consisted of 191 million transistors, of which 19 million are contained in logic circuits. It was fabricated in a 0.13 μm, eight-layer copper metallization, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) silicon on insulator (SOI) process. The die measured 18.14 mm by 15.99 mm for a die area of 290 mm2.

Electrical
At 1.3 GHz, the SPARC64 V has a power dissipation of 34.7 W. The Fujitsu PrimePower servers that use the SPARC64 V supply a slightly higher voltage the microprocessor to enable it to operate at 1.35 GHz. The increased power supply voltage and operating frequency increased the power dissipation to ~45 W.

SPARC64 V+

The SPARC64 V+, code-named "Olympus-B", is a further development of the SPARC64 V. Improvements over the SPARC64 V included higher clock frequencies of 1.82–2.16 GHz and a larger 3 or 4 MB L2 cache.

The first SPARC64 V+, a 1.89 GHz version, was shipped in September 2004 in the Fujitsu PrimePower 650 and 850. In December 2004, a 1.82 GHz version was shipped in the PrimePower 2500. These versions have a 3 MB L2 cache. In February 2006, four versions were introduced: 1.65 and 1.98 GHz versions with 3 MB L2 caches shipped in the PrimePower 250 and 450; and 2.08 and 2.16 GHz versions with 4 MB L2 caches shipped in mid-range and high-end models.

It contained approximately 400 million transistors on an 18.46 mm by 15.94 mm die for an area of 294.25 mm2. It was fabricated in a 90 nm CMOS process with ten levels of copper interconnect.

SPARC64 VI

The SPARC64 VI, code-named Olympus-C, is a two-core processor (the first multi-core SPARC64 processor) which succeeded the SPARC64 V+. It is fabricated by Fujitsu in a 90 nm, 10-layer copper, CMOS silicon on insulator (SOI) process, which enabled two cores and an L2 cache to be integrated on a die. Each core is a modified SPARC64 V+ processor. One of the main improvements is the addition of two-way coarse-grained multi-threading (CMT), which Fujitsu called vertical multi-threading (VMT). In CMT, which thread is executed is determined by time-sharing, or if the thread is executing a long-latency operation, then execution is switched to the other thread. The addition of CMT required duplication of the program counter and the control, integer, and floating-point registers so there is one set of each for every thread. A floating-point fused multiply-add (FMA) instruction was also added, the first SPARC processor to do so.

The cores share a 6 MB on-die unified L2 cache. The L2 cache is 12-way set associative and has 256-byte lines. The cache is accessed via two unidirectional buses, a 256-bit read bus and a 128-bit write bus. The SPARC64 VI has a new system bus, the Jupiter Bus. The SPARC64 VI consisted of 540 million transistors. The die measures 20.38 mm by 20.67 mm (421.25 mm2).

The SPARC64 VI was originally to have been introduced in mid-2004 in Fujitsu's PrimePower servers. Development of the PrimerPowers were canceled after Fujitsu and Sun Microsystems announced in June 2004 that they would collaborate on new servers called the Advanced Product Line (APL). These servers were scheduled to be introduced in mid-2006, but were delayed until April 2007, when they were introduced as the SPARC Enterprise. The SPARC64 VI processors featured in the SPARC Enterprise at its announcement were a 2.15 GHz version with a 5 MB L2 cache, and 2.28 and 2.4 GHz versions with 6 MB L2 caches.

SPARC64 VII
The SPARC64 VII (previously called the SPARC64 VI+), code-named Jupiter, is a further development of the SPARC64 VI announced in July 2008. It is a quad-core microprocessor. Each core is capable of two-way simultaneous multithreading (SMT), which replaces two-way coarse-grained multithreading, termed vertical multithreading (VMT) by Fujitsu. Thus, it can execute eight threads simultaneously. Other changes include more RAS features; the integer register file is now protected by ECC, and the number of error checkers has been increased to around 3,400. It consists of 600 million transistors, is 21.31 mm × 20.86 mm (444.63 mm2) large, and is fabricated by Fujitsu in its 65 nm CMOS, copper interconnect process.

The SPARC64 VII was featured in the SPARC Enterprise. It is socket-compatible with its predecessor, the SPARC64 VI, and is field-upgradeable. SPARC64 VIIs could coexist, whilst operating at their native clock frequency, alongside SPARC64 VIs. The first versions of the SPARC64 VII were a 2.4 GHz version with a 5 MB L2 cache used in the SPARC Enterprise M4000 and M5000, and a 2.52 GHz version with a 6 MB L2 cache. On 28 October 2008, a 2.52 GHz version with a 5 MB L2 cache was introduced in the SPARC Enterprise M3000. On 13 October 2009, Fujitsu and Sun introduced new versions of the SPARC64 VII (code-named Jupiter+), a 2.53 GHz version with a 5.5 MB L2 cache for the M4000 and M5000, and a 2.88 GHz version with a 6 MB L2 cache for the M8000 and M9000. On 12 January 2010, a 2.75 GHz version with a 5 MB L2 cache was introduced in the M3000.

SPARC64 VII+
The SPARC64 VII+ (Jupiter-E), referred to as the M3 by Oracle, is a further development of the SPARC64 VII. The clock frequency was increased up to 3 GHz and the L2 cache size was doubled to 12 MB. This version was announced on 2 December 2010 for the high-end SPARC Enterprise M8000 and M9000 servers. These improvements resulted in an approximately 20% increase to overall performance. A 2.66 GHz version was for mid-range M4000 and M5000 models. On 12 April 2011, a 2.86 GHz version with two or four cores and a 5.5 MB L2 cache was announced for the low-end M3000. The VII+ is socket-compatible with its predecessor, the VII. Existing high-end SPARC Enterprise M-Series servers are able to upgrade to the VII+ processors in the field.

SPARC64 VIIIfx

The SPARC64 VIIIfx (Venus) is an eight-core processor based on the SPARC64 VII designed for high-performance computing (HPC). As a result, the VIIIfx did not succeed the VII, but existed concurrently with it. It consists of 760 million transistors, measures 22.7 mm by 22.6  (513.02 mm2;), is fabricated in Fujitu's 45 nm CMOS process with copper interconnects, and has 1,271 I/O pins. The VIIIfx has a peak performance at 2 GHz of 128 GFLOPS and a typical power consumption of 58 W at 30 °C for an efficiency of 2.2 GFLOPS/W. The VIIIfx has four integrated memory controllers for a total of eight memory channels. It connects to 64 GB of DDR3 SDRAM and has a peak memory bandwidth of 64 GB/s.

History
The VIIIfx was developed for the Next-Generation Supercomputer Project (also called Kei Soku Keisenki and Project Keisoku) initiated by Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in January 2006. The project aimed to produce the world's fastest supercomputer with performance of over 10 PFLOPS by March 2011. The companies contracted to develop the supercomputer were Fujitsu, Hitachi, and NEC. The supercomputer was originally envisioned to have a hybrid architecture containing scalar and vector processors. The Fujitsu-designed VIIIfx was to have been the scalar processor, with the vector processor to have been jointly designed by Hitachi and NEC. However, due to the Financial crisis of 2007–2008, Hitachi and NEC announced in May 2009 that they would leave the project because manufacturing the hardware they were responsible for would result in financial losses for them. Afterwards, Fujitsu redesigned the supercomputer to use the VIIIfx as its only processor type.

By 2010, the supercomputer that would be built by the project was named the K computer. Located at the RIKEN's Advanced Institute for Computational Science (AICS) in Kobe, Japan; it obtains its performance from 88,128 VIIIfx processors. In June 2011, the TOP500 Project Committee announced that the K computer (still incomplete with only 68,544 processors) topped the LINPACK benchmark at 8.162 PFLOPS, realizing 93% of its peak performance, making it the fastest supercomputer in the world at that time.

Description
The VIIIfx core is based on that of the SPARC64 VII with numerous modifications for HPC, namely High Performance Computing-Arithmetic Computational Extensions (HPC-ACE) a Fujitsu-designed extension to the SPARC V9 architecture. The front-end had coarse-grained multi-threading removed, the L1 instruction cache halved in size to 32 KB; and the number of branch target address cache (BTAC) entries reduced to 1,024 from 8,192, and its associativity reduced to two from eight; and an extra pipeline stage was inserted before the instruction decoder. This stage accommodated the greater number of integer and floating-point registers defined by HPC-ACE. The SPARC V9 architecture was designed to have only 32 integer and 32 floating-point number registers. The SPARC V9 instruction encoding limited the number of registers specifiable to 32. To specify the extra registers, HPC-ACE has a "prefix" instruction that would immediately follow one or two SPARC V9 instructions. The prefix instruction contained (primarily) the portions of the register numbers that could not fit within a SPARC V9 instruction. This extra pipeline stage was where up to four SPARC V9 instructions were combined with up to two prefix instructions in the preceding stage. The combined instructions were then decoded in the next pipeline stage.

The back-end was also heavily modified. The number of reservation station entries for branch and integer instructions were reduced to six and ten, respectively. Both the integer and floating-point register files had registers added to them: the integer register file gained 32, and there were a total of 256 floating-point registers. The extra integer registers are not part of the register windows defined by SPARC V9, but are always accessible via the prefix instruction; and the 256 floating-point registers could be used by both scalar floating-point instructions and by both integer and floating-point SIMD instructions. An extra pipeline stage was added to the beginning of the floating-point execution pipeline to access the larger floating-point register file. The 128-bit SIMD instructions from HPC-ACE were implemented by adding two extra floating-point units for a total of four. SIMD execution can perform up four single- or double-precision fused-multiply-add operations (eight FLOPs) per cycle. The number of load queue entries was increased to 20 from 16, and the L1 data cache was halved in size to 32 KB. The number of commit stack entries, which determined the number of instructions that could be in-flight in the back-end, was reduced to 48 from 64.

Miscellaneous specifications
 Physical address range: 41 bits
 Cache:
 L1: 32 KB two-way set-associative data, 32 KB two-way set-associative instruction (128-byte cache line), sectored
 L2: 6 MB 12-way set-associative (128-byte line), index-hashed, sectored
 Translation lookaside buffer (TLB):
 A 16-entry micro-TLB; and 256-entry, four-way set-associative TLB for instructions
 A 512-entry, four-way set-associative TLB for data, no victim cache
 Page sizes: 8 KB, 64 KB, 512 KB, 4 MB, 32 MB, 256 MB, 2 GB

SPARC64 IXfx
The SPARC64 IXfx is an improved version of the SPARC64 VIIIfx designed by Fujitsu and LSI first revealed in the announcement of the PRIMEHPC FX10 supercomputer on 7 November 2011. It, along with the PRIMEHPC FX10, is a commercialization of the technologies that first appeared in the VIIIfx and K computer. Compared to the VIIIfx, organizational improvements included doubling the number of cores was to 16, doubling the amount of shared L2 cache to 12 MB, and increasing peak DDR3 SDRAM memory bandwidth to 85 GB/s. The IXfx operates at 1.848 GHz, has a peak performance of 236.5 GFLOPS, and consumes 110 W for a power efficiency of more than 2 GFLOPS per watt. It consisted of 1 billion transistors and was implemented in a 40 nm CMOS process with copper interconnects.

SPARC64 X
The SPARC64 X is a 16-core server microprocessor announced in 2012 and used in Fujitsu's M10 servers (which are also marketed by Oracle). The SPARC64 X is based on the SPARC64 VII+ with significant enhancements to its core and chip organization. The cores were improved by the inclusion of a pattern history table for branch prediction, speculative execution of loads, more execution units, support for the HPC-ACE extension (originally from the SPARC64 VIIIfx), deeper pipeline for a 3.0 GHz clock frequency, and accelerators for cryptography, database, and decimal floating-point number arithmetic and conversion functions. The 16 cores share a unified, 24 MB, 24-way set-associative L2 cache. Chip organization improvements include four integrated DDR3 SDRAM memory controllers, glueless four-way symmetrical multiprocessing, ten SERDES channels for symmetrical multiprocessing scalability to 64 sockets, and two integrated PCI Express 3.0 controllers. The SPARC64 X contains 2.95 billion transistors, measures 23.5 mm by 25 mm (637.5 mm2), and is fabricated in a 28 nm CMOS process with copper interconnects.

SPARC64 X+
The SPARC64 X+ is an enhanced SPARC64 X processor announced in 2013. It features minor improvements to the core organization, and a higher 3.5 GHz clock frequency obtained through better circuit design and layout. It contained 2.99 billion transistors, measured 24 mm by 25 mm (600 mm2), and is fabricated in the same process as the SPARC64 X. On 8 April 2014, 3.7 GHz speed-binned parts became available in response to the introduction of new Xeon E5 and E7 models by Intel; and the impending introduction of the POWER8 by IBM.

SPARC64 XIfx
Fujitsu introduced the SPARC64 XIfx in August 2014 at the Hot Chips symposium. It is used in the Fujitsu PRIMEHPC FX100 supercomputer, which succeeded the PRIMEHPC FX10. The XIfx operates at 2.2 GHz and has a peak performance of 1.1 TFLOPS. It consists of 3.75 billion transistors and is fabricated by the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company in its 20 nm high-κ metal gate (HKMG) process. The Microprocessor Report estimated the die to have an area of 500 mm2; and a typical power consumption of 200 W.

The XIfx has 34 cores, 32 of which are compute cores used to run user applications, and 2 assistant cores used to run the operating system and other system services. The delegation of user applications and operating system to dedicated cores improves performance by ensuring that the private caches of the compute cores are not shared with or disrupted by non-application instructions and data. The 34 cores are further organized into two Core Memory Groups (CMGs), each consisting of 16 compute cores and 1 assistant core sharing a 12 MB L2 unified cache. The division of the cores into CMGs enabled 34 cores to be integrated on a single die by easing the implementation of cache coherence and avoiding the need for the L2 cache to be shared between 34 cores. The two CMGs share the memory through a ccNUMA organization.

The XIfx core was based on the SPARC64 X+ with organizational improvements. The XIfx implements an improved version of the HPC-ACE extensions (HPC-ACE2), which doubled the width of the SIMD units to 256 bits and added new SIMD instructions. Compared to the SPARC64 IXfx, the XIfx has an improvement of a factor of 3.2 for double precision and 6.1 for single precision. To complement the increased width of the SIMD units, the L1 cache bandwidth was increased to 4.4 TB/s.

Improvements to the SoC organization were to the memory and interconnect interfaces. The integrated memory controllers were replaced with four Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) interfaces for decreased memory latency and improved memory bandwidth. According to the Microprocessor Report, the IXfx was the first processor to use HMCs. The XIfx is connected to 32 GB of memory provided by eight 4 GB HMCs. The HMCs are 16-lane versions, with each lane operating at 15 Gbit/s. Each CMG has two HMC interfaces, and each HMC interface is connected to two HMCs via its own ports. Each CMG has 240 GB/s (120 GB/s in and 120 GB/s out) of memory bandwidth.

The XIfx replaced the ten SERDES channels to an external Tofu interconnect controller with a ten-port integrated controller for the second-generation Tofu2 interconnect. Tofu2 is a 6D mesh/torus network with a 25 GB/s full-duplex bandwidth (12.5 GB/s per direction, 125 GB/s for ten ports) and an improved routing architecture.

Future
Fujitsu announced at the International Supercomputing Conference in June 2016 that its future exascale supercomputer will feature processors of its own design that implement the ARMv8 architecture. The A64FX will implement extensions to the ARMv8 architecture, equivalent to HPC-ACE2, that Fujitsu is developing with ARM Holdings.

SPARC64 XII

SPARC64 XII cores run at 3.9 GHz on the 20nm process by TSMC. 5.5 billion transistors and 153 GB/sec memory bandwidth. The CPU package features up to 12 cores × 8-way SMT (96 threads).

References

 Fujitsu Limited (August 2004). SPARC64 V Processor For UNIX Server.
 Krewell, Kevin (24 November 2003). "Fujitsu Makes SPARC See Double". Microprocessor Report.
 Krewell, Kevin (24 June 2004). "SPARC's New Roadmap. Microprocessor Report.
 Krewell, Kevin (25 October 2004). "SPARC Turns 90nm". Microprocessor Report.
 Krewell, Kevin (14 November 2005). "SPARC's Still Going Strong". Microprocessor Report.
 McGhan, Harlan (25 September 2006). "The Sun-Fujitsu APL Alliance". Microprocessor Report.
 McGhan, Harlan (23 October 2006). "SPARC64 VI Ready for PrimeTime". Microprocessor Report.
 Morgan, Timothy Prickett (4 September 2012). "Fujitsu to embiggen iron bigtime with Sparc64-X". The Register.
 Morgan, Timothy Prickett (1 October 2012). "Fujitsu, Oracle pair up on future 'Athena' Sparc64 chips". The Register.
 Morgan, Timothy Prickett (25 January 2013). "Fujitsu launches 'Athena' Sparc64-X servers in Japan". The Register.
 Sakamoto, Mariko et al. (2003). "Microarchitecture and Performance Analysis of a SPARC-V9 Microprocessor for Enterprise Server Systems". Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture. pp. 141–152.

Further reading
SPARC64 V

SPARC64 VIIIfx

SPARC64 X

SPARC64 XIfx

External links
 Fujitsu SPARC Servers Roadmap
 Fujitsu PRIMEHPC FX100/FX10 Supercomputers
 Fujitsu SPARC Servers
 Fujitsu SPARC64 , and X / X+ Specification
 High Performance Processor SPARC64 X
 Multi Core Processor SPARC64 Series

Fujitsu microprocessors
SPARC microprocessors
Superscalar microprocessors
64-bit microprocessors


Jake's Progress is the title of two albums and a TV series:

 Jake's Progress (album), a 1969 album by Jake Thackray
 Jake's Progress (TV series), a TV miniseries written by Alan Bleasdale.
 Jake's Progress (soundtrack), a 1995 soundtrack album to the above series by Elvis Costello and Richard Harvey


Anthony J. DeLuca (born July 25, 1970) is a member of the Illinois House of Representatives who has represented the 80th district since his appointment in March 2009 to succeed George Scully, who was appointed to the Illinois Circuit Court of Cook County. The Southland based district includes all or parts of Homewood, Flossmoor, Chicago Heights, Park Forest, South Chicago Heights, University Park, Frankfort, Manhattan and Olympia Fields, Manhattan, Frankfort, Mokena, New Lenox, Glenwood, Symerton, Illinois.

Before being appointed to that position, he served as mayor of Chicago Heights, Illinois, since 2003. Some controversy was created as DeLuca is known to many to be a member of the Republican Party, whereas Scully is a Democrat. DeLuca has stated, "If I am appointed to a Democratic seat, I am a Democrat."

As of July 3, 2022, Representative DeLuca is a member of the following Illinois House committees:

 (Chairman of) Cities & Villages Committee (HCIV)
 Cybersecurity, Data Analytics, & IT Committee (HCDA)
 Insurance Committee (HINS)
 (Co-chairman of) Insurance Review Subcommittee (HINS-INSU)
 (Chairman of) Local Government Subcommittee (HCIV-LOCA)
 Prescription Drug Affordability Committee (HPDA)

References

External links
Representative Anthony DeLuca (D) 80th District at the Illinois General Assembly
By session: 98th, 97th, 96th
State Representative Anthony DeLuca constituency site

Rep. Anthony DeLuca at Illinois House Democrats

Democratic Party members of the Illinois House of Representatives
Living people
1970 births
Elmhurst College alumni
21st-century American politicians
Mayors of places in Illinois
People from Chicago Heights, Illinois