Sir David Ronald Holmes  (, 26 December 1913 – 14 June 1981) was a British colonial government official who served in Hong Kong from 1938.

In the Second World War, he was assigned to the British Army Aid Group where he actively took part in a series of guerilla actions in the Far East to resist the Japanese Army and to rescue prisoners of war from the Japanese detention camps. His contribution was recognised by the British government and he was decorated several times. After the war, Holmes played a significant role in reconstructing Hong Kong.

In 1954, he was appointed to establish the Resettlement Department, a governmental department which was responsible for constructing resettlement estates for the homeless refugees. Later on he successively served as the Director of Urban Services, the New Territories' District Commissioner and the Director of Commerce and Industry.

In 1966, Holmes replaced John Crichton McDouall as the Secretary for Chinese Affairs but not long after, the 1967 Leftist Riots broke out. During the riot, he was noted for taking control of the situation as the acting-Colonial Secretary, efficiently took command in the government and adopted a hard-line policy towards the Communists. Holmes continued to serve when the post of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs was renamed into the Secretary for Home Affairs in 1969 and he eventually stepped down in 1971. Afterwards, he immediately became the chairman of the Public Service Commission, a post he served until 1977 when he left Hong Kong.

When Holmes was serving in the government of Hong Kong, he was also successively appointed as official member of the Urban Council, Legislative Council and Executive Council. Among them, he had served for a decade in total in the Legislative Council. For his public service to Hong Kong, he was knighted in 1973.

Biography

Early years

Holmes was born on 26 December 1913 in the United Kingdom. His parents were Louis James Holmes and Emily Sutcliffe of Brighouse, West Yorkshire. In his youth, he studied in Bradford Grammar School and was later graduated from Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He once served as an Officer Cadet in the Senior Division of the Cambridge University Contingent and was promoted to the rank of Second Lieutenant in 1935. After the promotion, he briefly served in the Infantry Unit of the Contingent but retired in October 1936. In 1938, Holmes was employed by the government of Hong Kong as a cadet. At the time before the war, he was the Assistant Secretary for Chinese Affairs and learnt to speak fluent Cantonese.

In December 1941, the Pacific War broke out and the Japanese Army started an unexpected invasion to Hong Kong. During the Battle of Hong Kong, Holmes belonged to the British Forces Overseas Hong Kong but was soon summoned to serve under the Special Operations Executive (SOE). His major duty was to attack the Japanese army from the rear area. However, when then Governor Sir Mark Young surrendered on 25 December, Holmes successfully managed to flee to the mainland China. Thus he was not caught by the Japanese Army and was not a prisoner of war throughout the Second World War. His only brother, Captain Leslie Benjamin Holmes (1905–1941) of the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps, was killed in action in Hong Kong on 19 December. He died at the age of 36 and left his widow, Marguerite Julia Holmes, of Ramsbury, Wiltshire. Today, his grave can still be found in the Stanley Military Cemetery.

British Army Aid Group

After fleeing from Hong Kong, Holmes finally reached Chongqing in early 1942 to unite with the British delegates in China. Later on, he was ordered to drive (later Sir) John Keswick, the First Secretary of the British Consulate-General Chongqing, and the consulate's attaché, Brigadier Gordon Edward Grimsdale to Shaoguan, Guangdong for a special mission to discuss with General Yu Hanmou, the Chinese Commander-in-Chief of the Seventh War Zone about the feasibility of establishing a British Army Aid Group to resist the Japanese invasion on a joint basis. Throughout the negotiation, Holmes worked as the translator for the British as well. Shortly afterwards, Colonel (later Sir) Lindsay Ride, a prisoner of war from a Japanese concentration camp in Hong Kong, successfully made his escape and arrived at Chongqing. As a result, Ride officially formed the British Army Aid Group in July 1942. Both Holmes and Paul Tsui (), a close friend Holmes newly met in Shaoguan, joined the group in November and were immediately sent to station in Dong River, Huizhou.

In Huiyang, Holmes was under the command of Colonel (later Sir) Douglas Clague. He was assigned to deal with external affairs and to co-operate closely with the guerillas of the East River Column (). With the help from the guerillas, Holmes had organised a number of rescue plans trying to save the prisoners of war from the Japanese concentration camps and had conducted espionage in the Japanese-occupied region. According to the recollection of Paui Tsui, Holmes and his companions once secretly entered Hong Kong and reached the foot of Lion Rock. From the foot of the mountain, he used binoculars to spy the concentration camp far away in To Kwa Wan regardless the potential danger of being discovered by the Japanese. Fortunately, although Holmes was a Westerner, the Japanese had never recognised that the fluent Cantonese speaker was in fact a British. Tsui explained the reason was because Holmes was not huge physically and with the disguise of wearing bamboo hat and grey linen clothing, he just looked the same as a common Chinese farmer. His bravery was appreciated by the British government that he was awarded a Military Cross in early 1943 and was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) of the Military Division a few months later. It was rare at that time to be decorated twice in a single year.

In 1944, Holmes was promoted to the rank of Major and was responsible for supervising the frontier post in Huizhou. By then Holmes had become a very good friend of Tsui. On one occasion, he even sent his only suit to Tsui for the use in Tsui's wedding. After the war, under the recommendation of Holmes, Tsui further became the first ethnic Chinese to be appointed a cadet and followed Holmes in the government of Hong Kong. In the end of 1944, Holmes applied for leave of absence and travelled to Australia. He remained in there until the end of the war.

Postwar years
In August 1945, the Second World War finally ended by the unconditional surrender of Japan. After the liberation, Holmes was immediately summoned back to Hong Kong in September and to serve in the provisional military government. Although the military government was headed by Vice Admiral Sir Cecil Harcourt, all the civil affairs were in charge by David Mercer Macdougall, the Chief Civil Affairs Officer dispatched from London, and Claude Bramall Burgess, a government cadet who was imprisoned by the Japanese during the war. Besides, Holmes and his former colleague Edmund Brinsley Teesdale were responsible for all the matters in the provisional Colonial Secretariat. To assist him in dealing with the affairs in New Territories, Holmes also appointed Paul Tsui as the Assistant District Officer, New Territories.

When the provisional military government ceased to function in May 1946, Hong Kong re-established its own civil government. In the early postwar years, Holmes continued to serve in the Colonial Secretariat and was the Deputy Clerk of both the Legislative and Executive Councils from 1946 to 1947. After that, he was sent to the Imperial Defence College in London by the government for advanced study. Upon returning to Hong Kong, he rejoined the government and worked in different capacities including the Deputy Secretary for Chinese Affairs. In July 1951, he became the acting Social Welfare Officer of the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs while the holder of the position, John McDouall was absent. When McDouall resumed in 1952, Holmes was appointed to different posts including the Clerk of the Executive and Legislative Councils.

In December 1953, a major fire destroyed the slum area in Shek Kip Mei and more than 50,000 refugees were made homeless. After the disaster, then Governor Sir Alexander Grantham ordered Holmes to establish the Resettlement Department and appointed him as the Deputy Colonial Secretary and the first Commissioner of Resettlement. To resettle the homeless refugees in a short period of time, he took the lead to construct a number of resettlement estates on the burnt ground in Shek Kip Mei and in its neighbouring area. Some of the notable examples included Shek Kip Mei Estate and Tai Hang Tung Estate. Since the creation of the Resettlement Department, constructing public housing estate for resettling the poor people had become one of the primary policy goals set by the government in postwar Hong Kong. On the other hand, Holmes was also an official member of the Urban Council during his tenure as the Commissioner of Resettlement. In October 1955, when he succeeded the retired Harold Giles Richards as the Director of Urban Services, he stepped down from the Resettlement Department but was also appointed official member of the legislative council. His original post of the Commissioner of Resettlement was succeeded by Arthur Walton. During his tenure as the Director of Urban Services, Holmes witnessed the expansion of the Council that the number of unofficial members was increased to eight in 1956. It was the first time in history that unofficial member occupied half of the seats in the council. However, the demand on further reform was not satisfied by the expansion, and therefore the relationship between the unofficial members and the government became worsening under his term of office.

In 1958, Holmes left the Urban and Legislative Councils and replaced Kenneth Barnett as the District Commissioner, New Territories. His tenure as the District Commissioner witnessed the end of a long-time discord between the government and the Heung Yee Kuk, the non-governmental advisory body in New Territories formed by the indigenous inhabitants. Before his appointment, the Kuk had been split by internal dispute over land issue since 1957 and the government had ceased to recognise the Kuk due to its disorder. In the 13th Heung Yee Kuk election in 1959, the Kuk was once again torn into two factions and there was severe and heated quarrel over the election. Throughout the election dispute, Holmes played a key role to pacify both sides and took an active role to reconcile the dispute successfully. Later in December 1959, with the help of Holmes, the government passed the Heung Yee Kuk Ordinance which officially granted the statutory advisory status to the Kuk, thus effectively comforted the Kuk. In 1962, Holmes was promoted to the post of the Director of Commerce and Industry and was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the New Year Honours. His term as Director of Commerce and Industry coincided with the blooming of the local textile industry and he paid a number of visits to different European countries aiming at negotiating trade agreement on textile and expanding the overseas market for the textile industry of Hong Kong. From May to August 1964, Holmes was on vacation so his Deputy Director, Terence Dare Sorby, acted for his position during his absence. By July of the same year, then Governor Sir David Trench reorganised the Legislative Council and the holder of the Director of Commerce and Industry was admitted to the council as an official member. Therefore, Sorby also became an acting official member of the Legislative Council until the return of Holmes in August. It was the second time for Holmes to be appointed to the Legislative Council and soon afterwards he was further appointed as an official member of the Executive Council in 1965, thus becoming a much relied official member in the two Councils.

In late 1966, the then Secretary for Chinese Affairs, John McDouall, retired to the United Kingdom and Holmes was chosen to succeed the post which McDouall had served for a decade. Nevertheless, at the time of his promotion the Cultural Revolution had just broken out in the mainland China and the situation of Hong Kong had become increasingly unstable. In the following year, Hong Kong was finally hit by the outbreak of the 1967 Leftist Riots, a series of riots which was triggered by a labour dispute. During the disorder, Governor Sir David Trench happened to be absent from Hong Kong and all of a sudden there was no one fully in command of the government. As a result, then Colonial Secretary, Sir Michael Gass, became acting-Governor and Holmes became acting-Colonial Secretary, and therefore it was Holmes and Gass who were in charge in the crisis. At the beginning of the riot, there were only general strikes in Hong Kong but the situation worsened quickly when the Communists started to put pipe bombs on the streets. The presence of pipe bombs was a big blow to Hong Kong as it roused public fear, while the British government and the Hong Kong government secretly discussed whether or not to abandon the Crown Colony. It was said that Holmes strongly resisted the idea of retreat in the Executive Council, and he successfully persuaded the British to stay. Under the leadership of Holmes, the government adopted a hard-line policy towards the Communists and called on the general public to denounce the leftists. Finally, the rioting ended in late 1967, and the tough stance held by Holmes was deeply appreciated by the government.

After the riot, Trench recognised the necessity to implement further reform of the government. So, with the assistance from Holmes, the government began a City District Officer Scheme in May 1968 which was based on the existing District Officer system in the New Territories. Under the new scheme, Hong Kong Island and Kowloon were divided into 10 different districts. Each district had a District Office where the District Officer concerned could collect public opinions, receive complaints and provide advice and quick responses. This scheme effectively drew the relationship between the government and the general public closer than it used to be, as the general public could easily express their needs and demands to the District Officer nearby. Alongside the reform, the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs was reorganised into the Home Affairs Department in February 1969 while the post of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs was renamed into the Secretary for Home Affairs. Holmes continued to serve after the reorganisation and was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the same year. Before retiring from the Home Affairs Department, he had been focusing on the legislation on abolishing polygyny. Yet, such legislation was completed in October 1971, five months after his retirement from the civil service.

Later years
Although Holmes retired from the post of the Secretary for Home Affairs and the official members of the two Councils in May 1971, he became the chairman of the Public Service Commission in November 1971 and received his knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in Buckingham Palace on 13 July 1973. He finally retired from the Commission in May 1977 and began his quiet retirement with his family in Corfu, Greece. In May 1981, Holmes and his wife paid a visit to his old friends in Hong Kong. He felt unwell during the visit and was admitted to the Queen Mary Hospital for a few weeks. The couple continued their visit after his recovery. Unfortunately, upon returning to Greece, Holmes became very sick and died in a hospital on Corfu on 14 June 1981, aged 67.

At a memorial service in St. John's Cathedral, Holmes was eulogised by Hong Kong Governor Murray MacLehose, Chief Secretary Sir Jack Cater and others. Secretary for Home Affairs Denis Campbell Bray hailed him as "one of the founders of post-war Hong Kong". Another memorial service was held in St Paul's, Covent Garden, in London, on 14 July 1981, attended by Lady Holmes. Holmes' remains were interred in the British Cemetery on Corfu.

Family
Holmes first met his future wife, Charlotte Marjorie Fisher (18 July 1920 – 14 January 2012), the only daughter of Frank Hastings Fisher, who was a former representative and manager of British American Tobacco in Japan, when he was on holiday in Australia in 1944. They were married at St. John's Church, Toorak, Victoria, at 11:00 am on 31 January 1945. Lady Holmes was a renowned botanical artist in her own right. The couple had two sons and the whole family moved to Corfu in 1974. Sir Ronald's hobbies included reading, travel and golf. He was a member of the Travellers Club in London and the Hong Kong Club and the Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club in Hong Kong.

Honours

Conferment
 Military Cross (9 March 1943)
 Member of the Order of the British Empire (Military Division, 4 May 1943)
 Efficiency Decoration (1956)
 Commander of the Order of the British Empire (New Year Honours, 1962)
 Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (Queen's Birthday Honours, 1969)
 Unofficial Justice of the Peace (August 1969)
 Knight Bachelor (New Year Honours, 1973)

Titles
 Ronald Holmes (26 December 1913 – 9 March 1943)
 Ronald Holmes, MC (9 March 1943 – 4 May 1943)
 Ronald Holmes, MBE, MC (4 May 1943 – November 1955)
 The Honourable Ronald Holmes, MBE, MC (November 1955 – 1956)
 The Honourable Ronald Holmes, MBE, MC, ED (1956–1958)
 Ronald Holmes, MBE, MC, ED (1958 – January 1962)
 Ronald Holmes, CBE, MC, ED (January 1962 – June 1964)
 The Honourable Ronald Holmes, CBE, MC, ED (June 1964 – June 1969)
 The Honourable Ronald Holmes, CMG, CBE, MC, ED (June 1969 – August 1969)
 The Honourable Ronald Holmes, CMG, CBE, MC, ED, JP (August 1969 – May 1971)
 Ronald Holmes, CMG, CBE, MC, ED, JP (May 1971 – January 1973)
 Sir Ronald Holmes, CMG, CBE, MC, ED, JP (January 1973 – 14 June 1981)

See also
 Secretariat for Chinese Affairs
 British Army Aid Group (BAAG)
 Hong Kong 1967 Leftist Riots
 Paul Tsui

Footnotes

References

English materials

 "APPROACHING MARRIAGES", Argus, Australia: Melbourne, 31 January 1945, p. 8. online version
 OFFICIAL REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS, HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, 25 November 1959. online version
 OFFICIAL REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS, HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, 12 May 1971. online version
 Alvin Rabushka, Value for Money, Hoover Press, 1976, p. 73.
 Who Was Who, London: A & C Black, 1996.
 Steve Tsang, Governing Hong Kong: Administrative Officers from the Nineteenth Century to the Handover to China, 1862–1997, I.B.Tauris, 2007, pp. 79 – 81.
 Paul Tsui, Paul Tsui's Memoirs Chapter 12. online version
 "LESLIE BENJAMIN HOLMES", The Holmes Family History Society. Retrieved 15 February 2009. website
 "Marjorie Holmes", The Times, 17 March 2012.

Chinese materials

 〈副華民司何禮文, 暫代社會局長〉, 《工商日報》第五頁, 1951年7月3日。
 〈市政局主席利澤時退休, 由何禮文繼任〉, 《工商日報》第五頁, 1955年10月26日。
 〈曾任本港民政司, 何禮文爵士逝世〉, 《華僑日報》第三張第二頁, 1981年6月16日。
 〈何禮文爵士在希病世〉, 《工商日報》第八頁, 1981[6月16日。
 〈何禮文追思彌撒, 港督麥理浩及民政司致悼詞〉, 《工商日報》第七頁, 1981年6月20日。
 〈徐家祥悼何禮文爵士〉, 《華僑日報》第三張第一頁, 1981年6月21日。
 〈何禮文爵士追悼會, 下周二在倫敦舉行〉, 《工商日報》第六頁, 1981年7月11日。
 楊懷康, 〈港英奮力捍公眾利益〉, 《刊物名稱有待查證》, 造訪於2009年2月15日。website

External links
 My Life and My Encounters – PAUL TSUI KA CHEUNG'S MEMOIRS
 Heads of Department, Customs and Excise Department
 Ronnie Holmes 40 Great Years, The Bulletin,

1913 births
1981 deaths
Members of the Urban Council of Hong Kong
Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Members of the Executive Council of Hong Kong
Knights Bachelor
Alumni of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
Government officials of Hong Kong
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
British Army personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Military Cross
British Special Operations Executive personnel
People educated at Bradford Grammar School
British military personnel
Graduates of the Royal College of Defence Studies


Petrina Price (born 26 April 1984) is an Australian high jumper.

Price was born in Greenacre. She finished seventh at the 2000 World Junior Championships, won the silver medal at the 2001 World Youth Championships and the bronze medal at the 2002 World Junior Championships, and finished ninth at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. She also competed at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships, the 2004 Olympic Games and the 2010 World Indoor Championships without reaching the final.

Her personal best jump is 1.94 metres, achieved in August 2009 in Cottbus.

References

1984 births
Living people
Australian female high jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Australia
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for Australia
Sportswomen from New South Wales
World Athletics Championships athletes for Australia
20th-century Australian women
21st-century Australian women


Castrillo may refer to:

People

 Carlos Castrillo (born 1985), football player
 Demetrio Alonso Castrillo (1841–1916), politician and lawyer
 Eduardo Castrillo (born 1942), sculptor
 Lourdes Castrillo Brillantes, author
 Roberto Castrillo (born 1941), sports shooter

Places

 Castrillo de Cabrera
 Castrillo de Don Juan
 Castrillo de Onielo
 Castrillo de Riopisuerga
 Castrillo de Villavega
 Castrillo de la Guareña
 Castrillo de la Reina
 Castrillo de la Valduerna
 Castrillo de la Vega
 Castrillo del Val
 Castrillo Mota de Judíos

See also

 Castrilli


Ellen Pettitt (born 13 May 1986 in Perth) is an Australian high jumper turned triple jumper.

She finished sixth at the 2003 World Youth Championships and at the 2006 Commonwealth Games.

Her personal best in the high jump is 1.91 metres, first achieved in March 2006 in Melbourne. Her triple jump personal best is 13.54 metres, set in 2014 in Glasgow.

Achievements

References

1986 births
Living people
Australian female high jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for Australia
Sportswomen from Western Australia
Athletes from Perth, Western Australia
Australian Athletics Championships winners
Competitors at the 2009 Summer Universiade
Competitors at the 2013 Summer Universiade
20th-century Australian women
21st-century Australian women


Darnall is a suburb of eastern Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Darnall is approximately  east-north-east of Sheffield city centre.

History
Darnall was initially a small hamlet usually included with Attercliffe. William Walker, a resident of the settlement, is one of several people rumoured to have been the executioner of Charles I of England. A hall, known as Darnall Hall was built by the Staniforth family in the centre of Darnall in 1723; in 1845 this became a private "lunatic asylum". Darnall had a population of 10,672 in 2011.

The Darnall New Ground was laid out for cricket in the 1820s. Although only used for a few years before being replaced by a ground at Hyde Park, it was described as the finest in England.

Holy Trinity church, the first in Darnall, was built in 1840, followed by a hospital in 1855 and a school in 1875. By the mid-nineteenth century, it was a centre for farming and coal mining, and was known for its amateur greyhound racing. Industry was also important, with the Don Glass Works established around 1793, augmented by the Darnall Works steel foundry from 1835.

In the later 19th century, the area was built up to house steelworkers working in the large foundries of the Lower Don Valley. Darnall railway station was built on the Sheffield to Lincoln line to serve the suburb. Unemployment grew as the foundries shut or laid off many employees from the 1970s on, and the area is now one of the poorest in the city.

A mix of council housing, 1880s steelworkers cottages, small terrace housing and 1930s private semi-detached houses make up the accommodation within the Darnall area.

Demography
Demographic changes over the years have reduced the population with a consequent reduction in the number of school-age children in the district. There are two primary schools in the area, High Hazels Academy and Phillimore Community Primary School. Secondary level schools outside the area provide education for children aged over 11 years.

Darnall has a large immigrant community, including many Muslims (primarily of Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin). The suburb has several mosques.

Business and commerce
In 2003, Morrisons supermarkets pulled out of the district after over 20 years being a significant local hub for the local community, relocating to a new purpose-built store two miles away in Catcliffe.

Sport and leisure
High Hazels Park is the major open space in this area of the city.

Darnall was represented in the FA Cup during the 1920s by Darnall Welfare.

Notable people
Cecil Marsh, professional footballer
Charles Mozley, artist and art teacher
Charles Peace, notorious 19th-century murderer and burglar
Thomas Staniforth, Lord Mayor of Liverpool from 1797 to 1798
Samuel Staniforth, Lord Mayor of Liverpool from 1812 to 1813, son of the above named

Gallery

References

Notes

Citations

Sources

External links
 Sources for the history of Darnall  Sheffield City Council's Libraries and Archives

Suburbs of Sheffield


Sethu Institute of Technology was started in 1995 by the Sethu Educational Trust, established by Thiru.S.Mohamed Jaleel. The college is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi, Accreditation by National Board of Accreditation, New Delhi  and is affiliated to Anna University, Chennai. It offers Bachelors programmes in Sixteen UG disciplines and Five PG programmes. The  College is awarded autonomous status in the year 2012 by UGC and it was confirmed by Anna University, Chennai in 2012.

Courses Offered
Under Graduate Courses:

 B.E. Mechanical Engineering
 B.E. Computer Science and Engineering
 B.E. Electronics and Communication Engineering
 B.E. Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 B.Tech Information Technology
 B.E. Civil Engineering
 B.Tech. Agricultural Engineering
 B.E. Biomedical Engineering
 B.Tech. Biotechnology
 B.Tech. Computer Science and Business Systems
 B.E. Computer Science and Design
 B.Tech Artificial Intelligence and Data Science
 B.E. Computer Science and Engineering (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning)
 B.E. Computer Science and Engineering (Cyber Security)
 B.E. Computer Science and Engineering (Internet of Things)
 B.Tech. Chemical Engineering

Post Graduate Courses:

 M.E. CAD/CAM
 M.E. Communication System
 M.E. Computer Science and Engineering
 M.E. Power Electronics and Drives
 M.E. Structural Engineering

Research and development
The following departments are approved as recognised Research Centre by Anna University, Chennai
 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
 Department of Computer Science and Engineering
 Department of Physics
 Department of Chemistry

Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Education in Virudhunagar district
Educational institutions established in 1995
1995 establishments in Tamil Nadu


The Yitong River () is a river in Jilin Province.  It is the mother river of Changchun, the capital of Jilin Province.

General

The Yitong River starts in Yitong Manchu Autonomous County, flows north through Changchun and Dehui cities, and flows into the Yinma River, one of the branch rivers of the Songhua River.  It is 342 kilometers long and has a total drainage area of 8,440 square kilometers.

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties in the Chinese history, Buyeo Kingdom built a castle along the Yitong.

References

Rivers of Jilin


Keminub was an ancient Egyptian woman with the title king's wife. She is only known from her burial next to the pyramid of Amenemhet II at Dahshur. For that reason, it has been suggested she was his wife.

Keminub was buried together with a treasurer named Amenhotep, who is dated to the 13th Dynasty. The style of her coffin and burial is close to burials of the 13th dynasty. She may therefore have been a queen of this dynasty instead. The name of her husband is so far unknown. On the fragments of her coffin appears one of the earliest attestations of chapter 151 of the Book of the Dead.

References

Literature
Jacques Jean Marie de Morgan: Fouilles à Dahchour en 1894-1895, Wien 1903, p. 70, fig. 117
Peter Janosi: Keminub - eine Gemahlin Amenemhets II.?, In: Zwischen den beiden Ewigkeiten, Festschrift Gertrud Thausing, Bietak, Manfred (Hrsg.), p. 94 - 101

18th-century BC women
17th-century BC women
Queens consort of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt


Noengrothai Chaipetch (; RTGS: Nueng-rue-thai Chaipet, born 1 December 1982) is a female high jumper from Thailand. Her personal best jump is 1.94 metres, achieved in December 2009 in Vientiane, Laos.

She won the bronze medal at the 2003 Asian Championships. She also competed at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics without reaching the final.

International competitions

References

1982 births
Living people
Noengrothai Chaipetch
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Noengrothai Chaipetch
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Asian Games
Noengrothai Chaipetch
SEA Games medalists in athletics
Noengrothai Chaipetch
Noengrothai Chaipetch
Noengrothai Chaipetch
Competitors at the 2005 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2007 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2009 SEA Games
Noengrothai Chaipetch
Noengrothai Chaipetch
Noengrothai Chaipetch
Noengrothai Chaipetch


The Ieper Group (; ) is a group of rock strata in the subsurface of northwest Belgium. The group is subdivided into three marine formations, all formed during the Ypresian, a single age of the geologic timescale (55.8 to 48.6 million years ago, the oldest age of the Eocene epoch). Both age and group are named after the West Flemish town of Ypres, for which the Dutch name is "Ieper".

History of definition

Ypresian

In the original description of his newly introduced Ypresian stage Dumont (1850) did mention neither stratotype nor type locality. He simply referred to the "collines d'Ypres" or Ieper Hills, as the area where the unit is best developed. However, it remains unclear what is meant by this term. The town of Ieper is situated in western Belgium, at the southern end of a small, NW-SE oriented depression ( above mean sea level), surrounded from north to south by a series of low hills (between ). Dumont probably envisaged the elevated zones a few km north and east of Ieper (St.-Jan, Zillebeke, etc.), where clay beds have been quarried for brick and tile making for quite a long time.

A new stratotype for the Lutetian was proposed by Blondeau (1981) about  north of Paris. The neostratotype is located on the right bank of the river Oise at St. Leu d'Esserent and the large quarry at St. Vaast-les-Mello (Oise).

Since 2003, the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) for the Ypresian is set in the Dababiya section  close to Luxor, Egypt, where the uppermost Tarawan Limestone, the Esna Formation and the lowermost Thebes Limestone define the Ypresian sequence. Several other proposals for the lithostratigraphic redefinition of the top of the Ypresian exist; among others the Punta Torcida Formation of the Austral or Magallanes Basin in Tierra del Fuego, the Azkorri Sandstone in the Gorrondatxe section of the North Pyrenean Foreland or Basque–Cantabrian Basin, the Agost section close to Alicante in the Agost Basin in the Betic Cordillera, and the Fortuna section north of Murcia in the Prebetic realm of the Betic Cordillera, all in Spain. Other proposed type sections for the Ypresian-Lutetian boundary are located in France, Italy, Israel, Tunisia, Morocco, Cuba and Mexico.

Stratigraphy
The Ieper Group was redefined by Steurbaut in 2006, and is since 2017 subdivided into five formations by the National Commission for the Stratigraphy of Belgium, from youngest to oldest:

Outcrops
The Kortrijk Formation predominantly consists of marine clay. It occurs in the west and north of Belgium, the Tielt Formation, consisting of fine sand, is found in the subsurface of western and central Belgium and the Gentbrugge Formation, which comprises an alternation of clay, silt and fine sand, crops out in East and West Flanders.

The Ieper Group lies stratigraphically on top of the Landen Group (upper Paleocene) and below the Zenne Group (like the Ieper Group early Eocene in age). Unlike the Zenne Group, the Ieper Group can also occur in more southern parts of Belgium, for example in the Mons Basin.

Paleontology
The Tielt Formation has provided fossils of mammals, birds and reptiles.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Belgium
 Ypresian formations
 Fur Formation of Denmark
 London Clay Formation of England
 Silveirinha Formation of Portugal
 Wasatchian formations
 Nanjemoy Formation of the eastern United States
 Wasatch Formation of the western United States
 Itaboraian formations
 Itaboraí Formation of Brazil
 Laguna del Hunco Formation of Argentina

References

Bibliography

Other Ypresian

Geologic groups of Europe
Geologic formations of Belgium
Lithostratigraphy of Belgium
Eocene Series of Europe
Paleogene Belgium

Formations
Formations
Formations
Formations
Formations
Formations


The Llobregat–Anoia Line () is an unconnected metre gauge railway line linking Barcelona with the Baix Llobregat, Bages and Anoia regions, in Catalonia, Spain. Its name refers to the fact that it follows the course of the Llobregat and Anoia rivers for most of its length. Plaça d'Espanya station serves as the Barcelona terminus of the line, then continuing northwards to Martorell, where two main branches to Manresa and Igualada are formed. It also includes several freight branches, accounting for a total line length of  and 41 passenger stations.

Barcelona Metro line 8, together with a number of commuter and freight rail services, runs on the line's main route between Barcelona and Sant Boi de Llobregat. The section between Barcelona and Olesa de Montserrat is operated as a high-frequency commuter rail system known as Baix Llobregat Metro (), with some services continuing northwards to Manresa and Igualada. This system further includes the temporarily closed Olesa de Montserrat–Esparreguera Cable Car, which is also operated by FGC. The Llobregat–Anoia Line is part of the Autoritat del Transport Metropolità (ATM) fare-integrated public transport system for the Barcelona metropolitan area.

History
The Llobregat–Anoia Line originated from three formerly separate narrow gauge railway lines: Tranvía o Ferrocarril Económico de Manresa a Berga (opened in 1885), Ferrocarril Central Catalán (opened in 1893) and Camino de Hierro del Nordeste de España, built to quickly and cheaply give passenger and freight transportation to the rapidly industrialising Llobregat area. The Metro del Baix Llobregat designation was first introduced on this line in 2000, and the line 8 service has been formally included in the Barcelona Metro network since 6 November 2003.

Development plans

In January 2017, the Catalan government approved a plan to extend the Llobregat–Anoia line from Plaça d'Espanya through the city as far as Gràcia station, also stopping at Hospital Clínic and Francesc Macià station, thereby linking with the Barcelona–Vallès Line, at an estimated cost of over €300 million. A second phase is also being considered to extend the line towards the Besòs station in the eastern part of the city.

List of stations
The following table lists the name of each station on the Llobregat–Anoia Line in order from south to north; a photo of the current station; the rail services operating at the station (L8, S33, S4, S8, R5, R50, R6 and/or R60); the date the current station was opened; the municipality or the city district (in the case of Barcelona) in which each station is located; the fare zone each station belongs to according to the Autoritat del Transport Metropolità (ATM) fare-integrated public transport system; remarkable notes about the station, including clarifications, additional information and a location map; and usage figures.

See also
 Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya
 Barcelona Metro
 Olesa de Montserrat–Esparreguera Cable Car
 Montserrat Rack Railway
 Montserrat Cable Car
 Barcelona–Vallès Line

Maps

Pl. Espanya –
Magòria-La Campana–
Ildefons Cerdà –
Europa  Fira –
Gornal –
Sant Josep –
L'Hospitalet Av. Carrilet –
Almeda –
Cornellà Riera –
Sant Boi –
Molí Nou-Ciutat Cooperativa –
Colònia Güell –
Santa Coloma de Cervelló –
Sant Vicenç dels Horts –
Can Ros –
Quatre Camins–
Pallejà –
Sant Andreu de la Barca –
El Palau –
Martorell Vila  Castellbisbal –
Martorell Central –
Martorell Enllaç –
Abrera –
Olesa de Montserrat –
Aeri de Montserrat –
Monistrol de Montserrat –
Castellbell i el Vilar –
Sant Vicenç  Castellgalí –
Manresa Viladordis –
Manresa Alta –
Manresa Baixador –
Sant Esteve Sesrovires –
La Beguda –
Can Parellada –
Masquefa –
Piera –
Vallbona d'Anoia –
Capellades –
La Pobla de Claramunt –
Vilanova del Camí –
Igualada –

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

 Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC) official website
 Llobregat–Anoia Line at trenscat.cat

Barcelona Metro lines
Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya
Railway lines in Catalonia
Metre gauge railways in Spain
Transport in Anoia
Rail transport in Barcelona
Transport in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
Transport in Cornellà de Llobregat
Transport in Sant Boi de Llobregat
Transport in Sants-Montjuïc
Transport in Baix Llobregat
Transport in Bages
Railway lines opened in 1881
Railway lines opened in 1893
Railway lines opened in 1912
1881 establishments in Spain


Miyuki Fukumoto (née Aoyama; born 4 January 1977) is a female high jumper from Japan. Her personal best jump is 1.92 metres, achieved in July 2004 in Osaka.

She won the silver medal at the 2003 Asian Championships, and finished fifth at the 2006 Asian Games. She was the Japanese national high jump champion in 2006. She competed at the 2007 World Championships without reaching the final.

International competitions

References

1977 births
Living people
Japanese female high jumpers
Asian Games competitors for Japan
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Asian Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for Japan
Japan Championships in Athletics winners
Australian Athletics Championships winners
20th-century Japanese women
21st-century Japanese women


Kim Kintziger (born 2 April 1987) is a retired Luxembourgian football player, who last played for FC Mondercange in the Luxembourg 1. Division.

Club career
Kintziger started his career at Swift Hesperange and joined Differdange in summer 2007.

International career
He made his debut for Luxembourg in an October 2005 World Cup qualification match against Estonia and earned 40 caps, scoring one goal. He played in 10 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and 10 UEFA European Cup qualification matches.
He scored his sole international goal in a friendly against Iceland on the 14 November 2009 in a match that ended in a 1-1 draw.

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Luxembourgian men's footballers
FC Swift Hesperange players
FC Differdange 03 players
Luxembourg men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders


Pandian Saraswathi Yadav Engineering College (PSYEC) was started in 2000 by entrepreneur and politician 'Hind Rattan' Malaysia S. Pandian. Pandian founded PSYEC with a vision to educate more rural students in the field of engineering and technology to pave the way for industrial prosperity and socioeconomic development in the country. The current principal, V. Dharmalingam, is in charge of the curriculum.

The campus is spread over 60+ acres in a serene environment, free from pollution. The college is approved by AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education), New Delhi and affiliated with Anna University.

History
The College was established in September 2000, by "Hind Rattan" Malaysia S. Pandian.

The first class (184 students) graduated in 2004 with the affiliation of Madurai Kamaraj University. The second class (109 students) graduated in 2005 with affiliation of Anna University, Chennai.

Admission
Admission criteria are published on the PSYEC website and details number of seats available for each degree.

References

External links
 college website

Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Education in Sivaganga district
Educational institutions established in 2000
2000 establishments in Tamil Nadu


Nedumbalam is a village in Thiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu, India.

Villages in Tiruvarur district


Alexander "Sascha" Schapiro (, ;  – 1942), also known by the noms de guerre Alexander Tanarov, Sascha Piotr, and Sergei, was a Jewish Russian anarchist who fought in both the Russian Civil War and the Spanish Civil War. Born to a wealthy family, Schapiro renounced the privileges of his upbringing and became affiliated with anarchists in his teenage years. After the dawn of the Russian Revolution, Schapiro aligned himself with the Revolutionary Army of Ukraine, and he fought alongside Nestor Makhno and Maria Nikiforova until the defeat of the anarchists at the hands of the Red Army in the Russian Civil War.

Following the suppression of anarchism in the Soviet Union, Schapiro escaped to Germany, living in Berlin prior to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. After the rise of German fascism, Schapiro left for Spain and fought alongside the anarchists in the Second Spanish Republic. Upon the victory of the Spanish fascists and Francisco Franco, Schapiro escaped and attempted to hide in Nazi-occupied France, but he was quickly found by the Vichy authorities and handed over to the Nazis. Schapiro was subsequently murdered in the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp in 1942.

While living in Berlin, Schapiro was in a relationship with fellow anarchist and journalist Johanna Grothendieck. Grothendieck gave birth to Schapiro's son Alexander Grothendieck in 1928. Alexander Grothendieck would go on to become one of the most famous and renowned mathematicians of the 20th century.

Early years and Russian revolutions
Born into a Hasidic family in the predominantly Jewish border town of Novozybkov, Russia in 1889, Alexander Schapiro grew up identifying more with the impoverished proletariat than with his own well-to-do family. In 1904 at the age of fourteen, he left the town and joined an anarchist militant group (akin to the Chernoznamentsy) who were rounded up by the authorities in 1905 after an unsuccessful attempt to murder Czar Nicholas II. All were executed save Schapiro, who was spared on account of his youth, and was instead sentenced to life imprisonment in Moscow. He escaped lingering death there by the intercession of an influential friend who secured his transfer to Yaroslavl, where he stayed for twelve years. It was here that Schapiro was shot in his left arm whilst trying to escape, resulting in its amputation. After an attempted suicide, he spent the year 1914 in solitary confinement.

With the collapse of the Czarist regime in Russia in 1917, Schapiro was released, and hailed as a national hero. He was one of a number of anarchists who spoke out against the representative system for electing the Constituent Assembly proposed by Alexander Kerensky's Russian Provisional Government, writing that "no parliament can break the path toward liberty, that the good society can be realized only through 'the abolition of all power'". He befriended the anarchist revolutionaries Lev Chernyi and Maria Nikiforova and became a leading figure in a cadre of heavily armed anarchists fighting in Ukraine associated with Nestor Makhno's Black Army. Schapiro lead a tempestuous life in Russia between 1917 and 1921 in an atmosphere of increasing repression of anarchists by the Bolshevik regime, marrying a Jewish woman named Rachil, with whom he had a son, Dodek. In an attempt to evade the Bolsheviks searching for him, he fled in 1921 to Minsk, where he encountered and was financially supported by Alexander Berkman. With the assistance of a Jewish woman named Leah, Schapiro then crossed the Russian-Polish border using forged papers bearing the name of Alexander Tanarov.

Life in Europe, family and death
By 1922, Schapiro had reached Berlin, where he remained save for spells in Paris and Belgium until 1924. There, he assumed the name Sacha Piotr and throughout the 1920s was an active participant in the anarchist movement, in 1928 becoming friends with prominent Spanish anarcho-syndicalists Francisco Ascaso and Buenaventura Durruti, Italian anarchist Francesco Ghezzi and German author Theodor Plievier, who dedicated his 1927 novel Stienka Rasin to Schapiro. In Paris, he was a regular at the artist's hangout Café Dome, and befriended journalist and artist Aron Brzezinski, who made a bronze bust of him, as well as the novelist Scholem Asch. During this period he was in infrequent contact with Makhno and his platformist Dielo Truda group, who were based in Paris.

Schapiro was one of the founding members, alongside Sébastien Faure, Ugo Fedeli and Henryk Walecki, of the Paris-based Œuvres Internationales Des Editions Anarchistes (International Works of Anarchist Editions). He contributed at least two articles to the publication, run at that time by the anarchist Severin Ferandel.

Schapiro met anarchist journalist Hanka Grothendieck, who was then married to left wing journalist Alf Raddatz, through the movement in Berlin while working as a street photographer. Due to the increasingly anti-Semitic environment in Europe at the time, the couple decided to give their son Alexander the surname of Grothendieck's well-established Hamburg middle-class family. Forced to flee Germany after the rise to power of Adolf Hitler, and intent on fighting in the coming Spanish Civil War, the couple sent Alexander to live with the Heydorns, a middle-class family with anarchist sympathies, in 1933.

In Spain, under the name Sacha Pietra, Schapiro fought the fascists until the defeat of the Second Spanish Republic, after which he and his wife crossed the French border and he was interned at Camp Vernet with his comrades. The Heydorns had cared for Alexander in Berlin for seven years, but decided in May 1939, shortly before France entered the Second World War, that it had become too dangerous to keep him and he was put on a train to Paris to his parents.

In Occupied Paris, Schapiro was free for a short time, constantly active in the anarchist movement, until he was arrested and sent to Camp Vernet, then deported to Auschwitz concentration camp in 1942, where he was subsequently murdered.

See also
Anarchism in Ukraine

References

Year of birth uncertain
1942 deaths
Soviet people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp
Jewish anarchists
Ukrainian anarchists
Ukrainian anti-fascists
Ukrainian Jews who died in the Holocaust
Russian Jews who died in the Holocaust
Soviet civilians killed in World War II
People from Novozybkov
Ukrainian revolutionaries
Politicians who died in the Holocaust
Assassinated anarchists
Date of death unknown


"1000 Stars" is a song recorded by Australian singer and actress Natalie Bassingthwaighte. It was written by Chris Braide, Hattie Webb and Charlie Webb. "1000 Stars" was released on 23 April 2009 as the third single from Bassingthwaighte's debut solo album of the same name. Bassingthwaighte stated that the song is "all about that moment of falling in love, that moment of perfection". Upon its release, "1000 Stars" peaked at number 30 on the ARIA Singles Chart.

Background and release
"1000 Stars" was written by Chris Braide, Hattie Webb and Charlie Webb for Natalie Bassingthwaighte's debut solo album of the same name. It was recorded live at Untouchable Sound Studios in London. Bassingthwaighte stated that the song is "all about that moment of falling in love, that moment of perfection". She then went on to say, "I remember going into the studio and singing it from it the beginning to end over and over again. I haven't sung like that since my musical theatre days. That's me there, no bells and whistles, no sound effects; it was me in the purest form just having a good sing."

"1000 Stars" was sent to Australian radio stations on 27 March 2009. It was then released as a digital extended play (EP) on 23 April 2009, which included the bonus tracks "Happiness" and "Supersensual". The EP was later released as a CD on 1 May 2009. "1000 Stars" debuted and peaked at number 30 on the ARIA Singles Chart on 11 May 2009. In its second, third and fourth weeks, the song dropped to numbers 31, 36 and 43, respectively.

Promotion and cover versions
The music video for "1000 Stars" was directed by Gemma Lee and released onto Bassingthwaighte's official YouTube channel on 20 April 2009. Bassingthwaighte performed the song at the 51st TV Week Logie Awards on 3 May 2009.

The Webb Sisters, who co-wrote "1000 Stars" with Chris Braide, released their own version of the song on their 2009 EP The Other Side. It was later included on their third studio album Savages, released in 2010.

Track listing
CD single / Digital EP
 "1000 Stars" (Single Edit) – 3:59
 "Happiness" – 3:13
 "Supersensual" (Denzel Park Remix) – 6:39
 "1000 Stars" – 4:00

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of 1000 Stars.

Locations
Recorded at Untouchable Sound Studios in London.
Mixed at Air Studios.
Mastered at Sterling Sound in New York City.

Personnel
Songwriting – Chris Braide, Hattie Webb, Charlie Webb
Production – Chris Braide
Pro-Tools editing – Ben Wood
Drums recording – Ben Wood
All instruments (except drums) – Chris Braide
Drums – Cameron McGlinchey
Mixing – Adam Noble
All vocals – Natalie Bassingthwaighte
Mastering – Leon Zervos

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

References

2009 songs
2009 singles
Natalie Bassingthwaighte songs
Songs written by Chris Braide
Song recordings produced by Chris Braide
Sony Music Australia singles


Diganta Television (; ) was a Bangladeshi Bengali-language privately owned satellite and cable news television channel founded in 2007. The channel was owned Diganta Media Corporation, which also owns the daily newspaper Daily Naya Diganta. Diganta Television officially began broadcasting on 28 August 2008, and was shutdown along with Islamic TV on 6 May 2013, both of which were assumed to be supporting the Jamaat-e-Islami political party, and as a result faced boycotts during the 2013 Shahbag protests.

Shutdown
The Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission forcibly ceased the broadcast of Diganta Television, along with Islamic TV, on 6 May 2013, at about 4:30am. The channel's chief reporter M. Kamruzzaman said that around 25 plain-clothed policemen and an official from the broadcast commission had entered their studios without warning at dawn. According to Information Minister Hasanul Haq Inu, it was taken off the air because its reporting on raid on Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh contained "irresponsible exaggerations and misinformation to inflame public opinion, a violation of the conditions of its license."  Critics have alleged this an instance of the Sheikh Hasina government of using the Islamist issue to silence dissidents.

Programming
Diganta Television mostly aired news programming for sixteen hours per day. Other than that, other types of programming were aired on the channel.

List of programming
 Business News
 Carrier Line
 Chitra Bichitra
 Diganta Onusandhan
 Duronto Khobor
 Ekanto Songlap
 Get Safe
 i-Tech
 Jibon Japon
 Lime Light
 Mele Dhori Ichcheguli
 News of the Day
 Pothe Prantore
 Probashe Bangladesh
 Ranna Banna
 School Angina
 Science & Quran
 Score Card
 Shastho Diganta
 Shorol Poth
 Suborno Shokal

See also
 List of television stations in Bangladesh

References

External links
 Diganta Television Launched

Television channels in Bangladesh
Mass media in Dhaka
Television channels and stations established in 2008
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2013
Defunct television channels in Bangladesh


Bùi Thị Nhung (born 21 January 1983 in Hải Phòng) is a Vietnamese high jumper. Her personal best jump is 1.94 metres, achieved in June 2005 in Bangkok.

She won the gold medal at the 2003 Asian Championships, and finished fourth at the 2006 Asian Games. She also competed at the 2004 Olympic Games without reaching the final.

Achievements

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Vietnamese female high jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Vietnam
People from Haiphong
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Asian Games
SEA Games medalists in athletics
SEA Games gold medalists for Vietnam
SEA Games silver medalists for Vietnam
Competitors at the 2003 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2005 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2007 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2009 SEA Games
Asian Games competitors for Vietnam
Asian Athletics Championships winners
21st-century Vietnamese women
21st-century Vietnamese people
20th-century Vietnamese women
20th-century Vietnamese people


The Communist Alliance was registered on 16 March 2009 with the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) as an Australian political party. It was an alliance of a number of Communist groups, individuals and ethnic-based communist parties. The Alliance was formed to allow communists to run in elections under the Communist banner, while allowing the Communist Party of Australia, a member of the Alliance, to retain a separate, independent membership.

The Alliance endorsed a candidate for the House of Representatives seat of Sydney in the 2010 federal election. The candidate received 0.83% or 656 of the 79,377 votes cast. It also endorsed two candidates for the Senate in New South Wales, receiving 0.17% or 6,999 of the 4,333,267 votes cast.

Communist Alliance changed its AEC registered name to "The Communists" on 24 August 2011, but the AEC deregistered The Communists as a political party on 22 May 2012 because it "failed to prove it still had 500 members eligible for enrolment."

References

External links
The Guardian _ The Worker's Weekly article  on the Election Campaign
The Age - "Alive and red, Communist back from the dead"

2009 establishments in Australia
2012 disestablishments in Australia
Communist parties in Australia
Defunct communist parties
Defunct left-wing political party alliances
Defunct political parties in Australia
Political parties disestablished in 2012
Political parties established in 2009
Political party alliances in Australia


The CMLL World Middleweight Championship (Campeonato Mundial Peso Medio de CMLL in Spanish) is a professional wrestling world championship promoted by the Mexican Lucha Libre wrestling-based promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). As it is a professional wrestling championship, it is not won legitimately; it is instead won via a scripted ending to a match or awarded to a wrestler because of a storyline. The official definition of the middleweight weight class in Mexico is between  and , but is not always strictly enforced. Because Lucha Libre emphasizes the lower weight classes, this division is considered more important than the normally more prestigious heavyweight division of a promotion. All title matches take place under two out of three falls rules.

Blue Panther was officially recognized as the first champion in 1991, after winning a 16-man tournament. The championship's history was interrupted in 1992 when Blue Panther left CMLL to work for rival promotion Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA). El Dandy defeated Negro Casas in a singles match to decide the new champion. El Dandy has had the most reigns as champion, with three; he also has the shortest reign, at 63 days. Dragón Rojo Jr.'s single championship reign is the longest reign, at 1,954 days. Overall, there have been 16 champions across 20 reigns, with 2 vacancies.

Title history

Combined reigns
As of  , .

Notes

References

General source for title changes before 2000

Specific

External links
 CMLL World Middleweight Title History at Cagematch.net

Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre championships
CMLL World Middleweight Championship
Middleweight wrestling championships


Laëtitia Roux  (born 21 June 1985) is a French ski mountaineer.

Roux was born in Savines-le-Lac and started ski-mountaineering at the age of nine. In autumn of 2005, she joined the PACA section of the Fédération française de la montagne et de l’escalade (FFME). She competed in December of the same year at the Alpi-Champsaur race. Roux is a member of the Team Ecrins Hautes-Alpes and the international Dynafit team. She has been a member of the French national selection since 2007 and lives in Grenoble.

Selected results
 2006:
 9th, World Championship vertical race
 2007:
 1st, European Championship vertical race
 1st, European Championship single race
 1st, Tour du Rutor (together with Gloriana Pellissier)
 2nd, European Championship relay race (together with Corinne Favre and Véronique Lathuraz)
 2008:
 1st, World Cup race in Massongex
 2nd, World Championship single race
 8th, European Championship vertical race
 2009:
 1st, Valtellina Orobie World Cup race
 1st, Dachstein Xtreme
 3rd, European Championship relay race (together with Véronique Lathuraz and Corinne Favre)
 4th, European Championship vertical race
 7th, European Championship single race
 2010:
 1st, World Championship single race
 2nd, World Championship vertical race
 4th, World Championship combination ranking
 5th, World Championship relay race (together with Valentine Fabre and Sandrine Favre)
 2011:
 1st, World Championship sprint
 2nd, World Championship single race
 2nd, World Championship vertical race
 2nd, World Championship relay, together with Sandrine and Émilie Favre
 2nd, World Championship vertical, combined ranking
 2012:
 1st, European Championship single
 1st, European Championship vertical race
 3rd, World Championship vertical, combined ranking
 4th, European Championship relay, together with Corinne Favre and Émilie Favre
 1st, Patrouille de la Maya, together with Séverine Pont-Combe and Mireia Miró Varela

Patrouille des Glaciers

 2006: 4th, together with Marie Troillet and Laëtitia Currat
 2008: 2nd, together with Corinne Favre and Nathalie Bourillon
 2012: 1st, together with Mireia Miró Varela and Séverine Pont-Combe

Pierra Menta

 2008: 1st, together with Nathalie Etzensperger
 2009: 3rd, together with Véronique Lathuraz
 2010: 2nd, together with Mireia Miró Varela
 2011: 1st, together with Mireia Miró Varela
 2012: 2nd, together with Séverine Pont-Combe
 2017: 1st, together with Emelie Forsberg
 2018: 2nd, together with Emelie Forsberg

Trofeo Mezzalama

 2009: 1st, together with Francesca Martinelli and Roberta Pedranzini
 2011: 2nd, together with Mireia Miró Varela and Nathalie Etzensperger
 2017: 1st, together with Emelie Forsberg and Jennifer Fiechter

External links
 Laëtitia Roux at www.laetitiaroux.com
 Laëtitia Roux at skimountaineering.org

References

1985 births
Living people
French female ski mountaineers
World ski mountaineering champions
Sportspeople from Hautes-Alpes
French sky runners
Skyrunning World Championships winners
French female long-distance runners
21st-century French women


The Deventsi gas field is a natural gas field in Deventsi, Pleven Province, Bulgaria. It was discovered in 2009 and developed by Direct Petroleum. The total proven reserves of the Deventsi gas field are around 235 billion cubic feet (6.6×109m³), and production is slated to begin at 15 million cubic feet/day (4.2×105m³) in 2009 to 30 million cubic feet/day (8×45m³) in 2010. The gas field can provide half of the Bulgarian market consumption for around 2 – 3 years.

References

Natural gas fields in Bulgaria


The 2009 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship was the 12th edition of the EuroHockey Nations Championship, the biennial international men's field hockey championship of Europe organized by the European Hockey Federation. It was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands from 22 to 30 August 2009.

England won the tournament for the first time after defeating Germany 5–3 in the final. The hosts and defending champions the Netherlands secured third place after defeating Spain 6–1 in the third-place playoff.

Qualified teams

Results
All times are local, CEST (UTC+2).

Preliminary round

Pool A

Pool B

Fifth to eighth place classification
The points obtained in the preliminary round against the other team are taken over.

Pool C

First to fourth place classification

Semi-finals

Third and fourth place

Final

Final standings

 Qualified for the 2010 World Cup

 Relegated to the EuroHockey Championship II

See also
2009 Men's EuroHockey Nations Trophy
2009 Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship

References

Men's EuroHockey Championship
Men 1
EuroHockey Nations Championship
International field hockey competitions hosted by the Netherlands
EuroHockey Nations Championship
Sports competitions in Amstelveen
EuroHockey Nations Championship


North East Autism Society (NEAS), previously Tyne and Wear Autistic Society (1980–2009), is an English public service organisation established by parents in 1980 to provide educational and residential programmes to children with an Autism spectrum Condition. The Society bought Thornhill Tower as its base on Thornhill Park, Sunderland creating a residential school. After which, The White House was purchased at South Shields that was subsequently sold to buy Thornholme House, a former hospital, establishing a comprehensive base within the Sunderland region.  Thornhill Park became the location for the Society's main bases when in 1994, the Adult Services was established with the opening of a small specialist college at number 14 Thornhill Park. Community Services was then formed in 2009. As of the present day the Society has developed rapidly and is now one of the primary providers of specialist care and support for individuals with an ASC in the North East of England. The Society has recently opened the North East Centre for Autism in County Durham which has increased the operational area and range of the services it provides.

There are four main services within the organisation, including:

NEAS operate a school, Thornhill Park School, a college, Thornbeck College, a day centre, New Warlands Farm and community support services. Traditionally, Sunderland has been the base for all NEAS services but since the change of company name and direction in 2009, several relocations have taken place to broaden the catchment area of the service. The head office, supported living homes, Adult Services day centres, Thornbeck College and the new Centre for Autism are all based in County Durham. Community Services (part of both Adult and Children's Services) reaches as far north as Tyneside and also has bases in Sunderland and Durham.

Thornhill Park School and The North East Centre for Autism
Thornhill Park School was founded in 1980 by a group of parents whose children had Autism Spectrum Condition. They wanted to send their children to a school where the staff understood their needs and where each child would be helped to achieve his or her full potential. Since the 1980s the school has become firmly established as a major regional and national resource. Today they can offer places for up to 91 children and young people. All children may also benefit from 24-hour programmes of care, following an assessment for the individual child and their family.

Thornbeck College
Thornbeck College is an Independent Specialist College (ISC) for individuals with autism, learning difficulties and or disabilities. Thornbeck College is based on the outskirts of Durham City Centre on the grounds of East Durham College, Houghall Campus. The college forms part of the North East Autism Society (NEAS) and was awarded Grade 1 'Outstanding' status in September 2009 by Ofsted and Learning and Skills Improvement Service (LSIS) Beacon Status in 2010.

Thornbeck College provides specialist services for individuals based on the individual learners assessed needs and provides opportunities for learners to progress academically, socially, morally and be an active member of the local community.

The college's programme focuses around 'Skills for Independence and Work' and ensuring the programme meets the individual needs, interests and aspirations of learners.

Thornbeck College provides many vocational areas including Business Administration, Horticulture, Catering & Hospitality, Retail and Floristry plus a wide range of personal and social development opportunities such as independent travel training, meal preparation and health & well-being activities. Thornbeck College also works with local employers to provide work experience opportunities for learners.

Derwent Street Retail Environment

The retail department is based at the NEAS shop in Sunderland City Centre where students learn how to greet and serve customers, handle money, record sales, check stock and create window displays. However the lease on the shop is due to expire within the next year to coincide with the Society's relocation to Durham. The business administration department enables students to learn how to use ICT skills to produce catalogues and price lists, use office equipment and file documents. They also use the telephone to arrange community sales. Customers are encouraged to contact students directly, rather than through the North East Autism Society.

Partnerships
Thornbeck College works with a range of schools, colleges, employers, organisations and agencies to increase and improve the capacity and capabilities both regionally and nationally.

Day services

New Warlands Farm, Sunderland Workshop and Darlington Workshop.

North East Autism Society (Day Services) offers a Social and Vocational Programme for adults with a diagnosis of ASC or Asperger's. Most of the Service Users who attend the programme have other associated learning difficulties although not exclusively.

The purpose of the Social and Vocational Programme is to offer lifelong learning in the areas of vocational, occupational and social context. These include functioning life skills in which service users are supported and empowered to build upon. Day Services offer a structured environment whereby the Service User can partake in a range of programme areas.

External links
NEAS Website

Organisations based in Tyne and Wear
Autism-related organisations in the United Kingdom


Claudio Lombardelli (born 14 October 1987) is a former Luxembourgian football player, who last played for FC Schifflange 95.

Club career
Lombardelli started his career at FC Schifflange 95 before joining Jeunesse in summer 2004.

International career
He made his debut for Luxembourg in a June 2006 friendly match against Portugal, coming on as a late substitute for René Peters. He earned 19 caps, scoring no goals. He played in 3 FIFA World Cup qualification matches.

External links

References

1987 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Esch-sur-Alzette
Luxembourgian men's footballers
Jeunesse Esch players
Luxembourg men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
FC Schifflange 95 players


Autoritat Territorial de la Mobilitat de les Comarques Centrals or ATM Comarques Centrals (Territorial Mobility Authority of Comarques Centrals) is one of the five transport authorities corporations in Catalonia responsible of coordinate public transport system in Comarques Centrals.

ATM will start to coordinate public transport in comarca of Bages (2009) and in a nearly future in other parts of Comarques Centrals.

Comarques Centrals
Transport in Bages


Lake Lapovac  is  an  accumulation  lake  located  between  Našice  and  Markovac Našički, in  Croatia.

Sources
 http://www.tznasice.hr/izdvojene-destinacije/jezero-lapovac/

Lapovac
Lapovac
Geography of Osijek-Baranja County


Autoritat Territorial de la Mobilitat del Camp de Tarragona or ATM Camp de Tarragona (Territorial Mobility Authority of Camp de Tarragona) is one of the five transport authorities corporations in Catalonia responsible of coordinate public transport system in Camp de Tarragona.

ATM is coordinating public transport in comarca of Alt Camp, Baix Camp, Baix Penedès, Conca de Barberà, Priorat and Tarragonès.

External links

Camp de Tarragona
Transport in Alt Camp
Transport in Baix Camp
Transport in Baix Penedès
Transport in Conca de Barberà
Transport in Priorat
Transport in Tarragonès


Autoritat Territorial de la Mobilitat de l'Àrea de Girona (ATM) or Àrea de Girona ('Territorial Mobility Authority of the region of Girona') is one of the five transport authority corporations in Catalonia responsible of coordinating the public transport system in the Àrea de Girona.

ATM is coordinating public transport in the comarques (counties) of Gironès, Pla de l'Estany and la Selva.

External links

Girona
Transport in Gironès
Transport in Selva


William Wilson Humphries (1 July 1928 – 22 October 1992) was a Scottish footballer and manager who played as an inside forward. He began his playing career with Motherwell, where he played for ten years and won both Scottish domestic cup competitions. He later played for St Mirren, Dundee United and Hamilton Academical before returning to St Mirren for a two-year spell as manager. During his playing career, Humphries made one appearance each for the Scotland national team and the Scottish Football League XI.

Career
Humphries was born in Motherwell in 1928 and began his career with his hometown club Motherwell in the mid-1940s straight from Dalziel High School. He spent a decade with the club, making just under 200 league appearances and scoring 68 goals. Humphries won both domestic cups during his time at Fir Park, winning the Scottish League Cup in 1950 and the Scottish Cup in 1952. Shortly after the Scottish Cup win, in which Humphries scored, he received his only Scotland cap, appearing in a 3–1 defeat in Sweden. Humphries also appeared in the Scottish Football League XI in 1952. In 1954, during Motherwell's record 12–1 win over Dundee United, Humphries netted six goals, another club record.

In 1956 Humphries moved to St Mirren, before joining Dundee United a year later, where he spent two years and scored 33 times in 54 league appearances. He left in 1959 and joined Hamilton Academical, where he spent the final two years of his playing career. After retiring from playing, Humphries returned to Motherwell as a part-time member of the coaching staff, where he remained throughout the 1960s. In 1970, Humphries returned to St Mirren as manager but his two-year spell included relegation in 1971 and he resigned the following year.

Humphries helped form the Motherwell Former Players Club in 1988. One of the South Stand corporate boxes at the club's ground, Fir Park, is named after him. He died in 1992.

References

External links

Wilson Humphries at MotherWELLnet

1928 births
1992 deaths
Footballers from Motherwell
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish Football League players
Scotland men's international footballers
Motherwell F.C. players
Motherwell F.C. non-playing staff
Scottish schoolteachers
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
St Mirren F.C. players
Dundee United F.C. players
Hamilton Academical F.C. players
Scottish football managers
St Mirren F.C. managers
Scottish Football League representative players
Men's association football inside forwards
Scottish Football League managers
People educated at Dalziel High School


In mathematics and physics, the Magnus expansion, named after Wilhelm Magnus (1907–1990), provides an exponential representation of the solution of a first-order homogeneous linear differential equation for a linear operator. In particular, it furnishes the fundamental matrix of a system of linear ordinary differential equations of order  with varying coefficients. The exponent is aggregated as an infinite series, whose terms involve multiple integrals and nested commutators.

The deterministic case

Magnus approach and its interpretation

Given the  coefficient matrix , one wishes to solve the initial-value problem associated with the linear ordinary differential equation

for the unknown -dimensional vector function .

When n = 1, the solution simply reads

This is still valid for n > 1 if the matrix  satisfies  for any pair of values of t, t1 and t2.  In particular, this is the case if the matrix  is independent of . In the general case, however, the expression above is no longer the solution of the problem.

The approach introduced by Magnus to solve the matrix initial-value problem is to express the solution by means of the exponential of a certain  matrix function
:

which is subsequently constructed as a series expansion:

where, for simplicity, it is customary to write  for  and to take t0 = 0.

Magnus appreciated that, since , using a Poincaré−Hausdorff matrix identity, he could relate the time derivative of  to the generating function of Bernoulli numbers and
the adjoint endomorphism of ,

to solve for  recursively in terms of  "in a continuous analog of the BCH expansion", as outlined in a subsequent section.

The equation above constitutes the Magnus expansion, or Magnus series, for the solution of matrix linear initial-value problem. The first four terms of this series read

where  is the matrix commutator of A and B.

These equations may be interpreted as follows:  coincides exactly with the exponent in the scalar ( = 1) case, but this equation cannot give the whole solution. If one insists in having an exponential representation (Lie group), the exponent needs to be corrected. The rest of the Magnus series provides that correction systematically:  or parts of it are in the Lie algebra of the Lie group on the solution.

In applications, one can rarely sum exactly the Magnus series, and one has to truncate it to get approximate solutions. The main advantage of the Magnus proposal is that the truncated series very often shares important qualitative properties with the exact solution, at variance with other conventional perturbation theories. For instance, in classical mechanics the symplectic character of the time evolution is preserved at every order of approximation. Similarly, the unitary character of the time evolution operator in quantum mechanics is also preserved (in contrast, e.g., to the Dyson series solving the same problem).

Convergence of the expansion

From a mathematical point of view, the convergence problem is the following: given a certain matrix , when can the exponent   be obtained as the sum of the Magnus series?

A sufficient condition for this series to converge for  is

where  denotes a matrix norm. This result is generic in the sense that one may construct specific matrices  for which the series diverges for any .

Magnus generator

A recursive procedure to generate all the terms in the Magnus expansion utilizes the matrices  defined recursively through

which then furnish

Here adkΩ is a shorthand for an iterated commutator (see adjoint endomorphism):

while  are the Bernoulli numbers with .

Finally, when this recursion is worked out explicitly, it is possible to express  as a linear combination of n-fold integrals of n − 1 nested commutators involving  matrices :

which becomes increasingly intricate with .

The stochastic case

Extension to stochastic ordinary differential equations
For the extension to the stochastic case let  be a -dimensional Brownian motion, , on the probability space
with finite time horizon  and natural filtration. Now, consider the linear matrix-valued stochastic Itô differential equation (with Einstein's summation convention over the index )

where  are progressively measurable -valued bounded stochastic processes and  is the identity matrix. Following the same approach as in the deterministic case with alterations due to the stochastic setting the corresponding matrix logarithm will turn out as an Itô-process, whose first two expansion orders are given by  and , where
with Einstein's summation convention over  and

Convergence of the expansion
In the stochastic setting the convergence will now be subject to a stopping time  and a first convergence result is given by:

Under the previous assumption on the coefficients there exists a strong solution , as well as a strictly positive
stopping time  such that:
  has a real logarithm  up to time , i.e.

 the following representation holds -almost surely:

where  is the -th term in the stochastic Magnus expansion as defined below in the subsection Magnus expansion formula;
 there exists a positive constant , only dependent on , with , such that

Magnus expansion formula
The general expansion formula for the stochastic Magnus expansion is given by:

where the general term  is an Itô-process of the form:

The terms  are defined recursively as

with

and with the operators  being defined as

Applications

Since the 1960s, the Magnus expansion has been successfully applied as a perturbative tool in numerous areas of physics and chemistry, from atomic and molecular physics to nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum electrodynamics.  It has been also used since 1998 as a tool to construct practical algorithms for the numerical integration of matrix linear differential equations. As they inherit from the Magnus expansion the
preservation of qualitative traits of the problem, the corresponding schemes are prototypical examples of geometric numerical integrators.

See also

 Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff formula
 Derivative of the exponential map

Notes

References

Ordinary differential equations
Stochastic differential equations
Lie algebras
Mathematical physics


Autoritat Territorial de la Mobilitat de l'Àrea de Lleida or ATM Àrea de Lleida (Lleida Area Territorial Mobility Authority) is one of the five transport authority corporations in Catalonia responsible for the coordination of public transport systems in Lleida and its surroundings, the Àrea de Lleida.

It's a consortium made up by the Lleida city council, the Generalitat of Catalonia and the comarcal council of el Segrià.

ATM is coordinating public transport in comarca of el Segrià and in three municipalities of la Noguera. In 2009 will incorporate to ATM comarca of les Garrigues and Pla d'Urgell and in 2010 la Segarra i l'Urgell.

External links

Lleida
Garrigues (comarca)
Transport in Noguera (comarca)
Pla d'Urgell
Segarra
Transport in Segrià
Transport in Urgell


is a 　mountain, on the border of Matsusaka, Mie and Kawakami, Nara, Japan. This mountain is one of Daikō Mountains.

Routes

There are two major routes to the top of Mount Myōjin. The route from Maakodani Tozanguchi takes about three hours. The other route is via Myōjindaira from Ōmata Bus Stop of Nara Kōtsu. It takes about three and half hours.

Access
 Ōmata Bus Stop of Nara Kōtsu

Gallery

References
 Ōdaigahara, Takami, Kurosoyama, Shobunsha, 2008
 Official Home Page of the Geographical Survey Institute in Japan

Mountains of Nara Prefecture
Mountains of Mie Prefecture


Dustin Slade (born February 28, 1986) is a Canadian former ice hockey goaltender. Slade last played with the Halifax Wolverines of the Maritime Junior A Hockey League (MJAHL) after quitting the Vancouver Giants of the Western Hockey League (WHL), with whom he won a President's Cup as league champions and was a WHL West First Team All-Star.

Playing career
Slade began his major junior career in the Western Hockey League (WHL) with the Kamloops Blazers in 2002–03, while still playing the majority of the season in the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL) with the Quesnel Millionaires. Playing in his WHL rookie season in 2003–04, Slade was transferred twice to the Brandon Wheat Kings, then to the Regina Pats.

Slade ended up returning to the BCHL with the Surrey Eagles in 2004–05 after being suspended by the Pats for disciplinary reasons. He had additionally earned a reputation for being unable to maintain his on-ice composure, at one point, earning 26 penalty minutes in one game. He was subsequently traded to the Vancouver Giants for the 2005–06 season, where he recorded a 1.90 goals against average (GAA) to go with a 36-13-5 record in 56 games. He was named to the WHL West First All-Star Team and earned a WHL Goaltender of the Year nomination (awarded to Justin Pogge of the Calgary Hitmen). He went on to help lead the Giants to the franchise's first President's Cup, earning a berth in the 2006 Memorial Cup, where the Giants were eliminated in the semi-finals. His combined 17 regular season and WHL playoff shutouts established a WHL record.

The following season in 2005–06, Slade began splitting his starts with the younger Tyson Sexsmith, who was emerging as a legitimate goalie in his own right with the Giants. Frustrated by having to give up playing time, on November 20, 2006, he told management he'd rather join the minor professional ranks and left the team. However, unable to find a job in the minor leagues, he made a request to return to the Giants within several months, which went unaccepted. The Giants instead shopped him to interested WHL teams, but did not end up trading him either. As a result, Slade resorted to the Junior A ranks, joining the Halifax Wolverines of the MJAHL in late-January. Slade claimed that before joining the Wolverines, he had a three-year contract with a German professional club that was blocked by the Giants. About a month into his stint with Halifax, Slade was ejected from a game against the Moncton Beavers for a sequence that included a high stick on Beavers' rookie Joel Boffe that required 14 stitches followed by a fight with Pierre-Alexandre Poulin. After completing the season with the Wolverines, Slade has been unable to secure a job with a professional team.

Awards and honours
WHL West First All-Star Team (2005–06)
Nominated for the Del Wilson Trophy (Top WHL Goaltender) (2006)
Ed Chynoweth Cup as a member of the WHL champions Vancouver Giants (2005–06)

References

External links

1986 births
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Kamloops Blazers players
Living people
Maritime Junior Hockey League players
Penticton Panthers players
Quesnel Millionaires players
Regina Pats players
Sportspeople from Penticton
Surrey Eagles players
Vancouver Giants players


Siwakorn Muanseelao is a professional footballer from Thailand. He currently plays for Sriracha in the Thailand Premier League.

See also
Football in Thailand
List of football clubs in Thailand

References

External links
Profile at Thaipremierleague.co.th

Living people
Siwakorn Muanseelao
1985 births
Men's association football midfielders
Siwakorn Muanseelao


Korkrirk Petchkongthong is a professional footballer from Thailand. He currently plays for Sriracha in the Thailand Premier League.

See also
Football in Thailand
List of football clubs in Thailand

References

External links
Profile at Thaipremierleague.co.th

Living people
Korkrirk Petchkongthong
1987 births
Men's association football midfielders
Korkrirk Petchkongthong


LISA (Language for Instruction Set Architectures) is a language to describe the instruction set architecture of a processor. LISA captures the information required to generate software tools (compiler, assembler, instruction set simulator, ...) and implementation hardware (in VHDL or Verilog) of a given processor.

LISA has been used to re-implement the hardware of existing processor cores, keeping the binary compatibility with the legacy version, as all software tools did already exist and legacy compiled software images could be executed on the newly created hardware. Another application has been to generate the ISS (instruction set simulator) for RISC processors such the ARM architecture ISSes.

LISA' is not focused on the modeling of other on-chip components around the processor core itself, such as peripherals, hardware accelerators, buses and memories; Other languages such as SystemC can be used for these.

The language has not been yet standardised by IEEE or ISO and is currently owned by RWTH Aachen University, in Germany.

History

LISA was initially developed at Institute for Integrated Signal Processing Systems (ISS) Aachen, belonging to RWTH Aachen University, in Germany.  The current official version from RWTH Aachen is LISA 2.0. The language is still in evolution to cover research on processors, including Reconfigurable computing (in LISA 3.0), multi-core, parallel programming.

One noticeable branch called LISA+ has been created for handling the modeling of peripherals such as interrupt controllers, timers, etc.

See also
 Alphabetical list of programming languages
 SystemC
 Verilog
 VHDL

References

Papers
 V. Zivojnovic, S. Pees, Ch. Schläger, H. Meyr, LISA bridges gaps in high-tech languages, Electronic Engineering Times, Oct 7, 1996
  V. Zivojnovic, S. Pees, H. Meyr, LISA – machine description language and generic machine model for HW/SW co-design, Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on VLSI Signal Processing (San Francisco), Oct. 1996
 A. Chattopadhyay, H. Meyr and R. Leupers: LISA: A Uniform ADL for Embedded Processor Modeling, Implementation and Software Toolsuite Generation appearing in P. Mishra, N. Dutt, Processor Description Languages, Volume 1, Morgan Kaufmann, 2008.

Books
 A. Hoffmann, H. Meyr, R. Leupers: Architecture Exploration for Embedded Processors with LISA, Springer, 2010.
 O. Wahlen: C Compiler Aided Design of Application-specific Instruction-set Processors Using the Machine Description Language LISA (Berichte Aus Der Electrotechnik), Shaker Verlag GmbH, Germany (August 13, 2004).

External links
 LISA project page at RWTH Aachen, Germany
 Processor Designer is a tool sold by Synopsys to create processors from LISA 2.0 descriptions

Specification languages


An ergograph is a graph that shows a relation between human activities and a seasonal year.  The name was coined by Dr. Arthur Geddes of the University of Edinburgh.  It can either be a polar coordinate (circular) or a cartesian coordinate (rectangular) graph, and either a line graph or a bar graph.

In polar form, the months of the year are marked around the circumference, forming 30° sectors.  Concentric lines display the value being measured. For example an ergograph could show the proportions of time (in hours per day) devoted to each of certain activities, with a time scale, ranging from 0 to 24 hours per day, along the radius of the circle, as a square root scale.  This form of an ergograph is an example of a polar line graph or (because the data form "bands" on the graph) a polar strata graph or polar layer graph, the "polar" denoting the system of polar coordinates used on the graph.
In cartesian form, the X axis is marked for the months of the year, and the Y axis is marked with the scale(s) of the activity/activities.

See also
Seasonal adjustment

References

Further reading

Statistical charts and diagrams
Seasonality


Supaphorn Prompinit (; born March 3, 1989, also spelled Suphaphorn Phromphinit) is a professional footballer from Thailand. He playing for Thap Luang United in Thai League 3.

Honours

Club
Sriracha
 Thai Division 1 League champions: 2010

Chonburi
 Kor Royal Cup winner: 2012

External links
 Goal.com

1989 births
Living people
Supaphorn Prompinit
Supaphorn Prompinit
Men's association football midfielders
Supaphorn Prompinit
Supaphorn Prompinit
Supaphorn Prompinit
Supaphorn Prompinit
Supaphorn Prompinit
Supaphorn Prompinit
Supaphorn Prompinit
Supaphorn Prompinit


The Byers–Evans House is a historic house museum in Denver, Colorado, United States. It is the home of History Colorado's Center for Colorado Women's History.  It has also been known as Evans House and is a Denver Landmark under that name.  It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing building in the Civic Center Historic District.

History

The Byers–Evans house was built in 1883 by William Byers, the founder of the Rocky Mountain News and was sold to William Gray Evans in 1889. It is an Italianate style house which had several additions made to it over the years.  William Evans lived in the home with his wife Cornelia Lunt Gray and their four children, John, Josephine, Margaret and Katharine.  William's mother, Margaret Patten Gray Evans, former first lady of Colorado, moved into the home in 1900 with her unmarried daughter, Anne Evans.  Members of the Evans family continued to live in the home until 1981.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

It was listed again on the National Register in 1974 as a contributing building within the Civic Center Historic District.

The  house was donated to History Colorado in 1981, along with the entire contents of the house. The house has been restored to the 1912–1924 period and includes approximately 90% of the original furniture, glassware, china, and other household items belonging to the Evans family.

Center for Colorado Women's History

The Center for Colorado Women's History is located in Denver, Colorado, at 1310 Bannock St, directly behind the Denver Art Museum. The Center focuses on scholarship, research, lectures, tours and exhibits that expand the understanding and collective memory of the history of women in Colorado.  Guided house tours are offered; the museum may not be viewed by self-guided tour.  The museum is administered by History Colorado.

References

External links

1982 establishments in Colorado
Colorado State Register of Historic Properties
Houses completed in 1883
Museums established in 1982
Historic house museums in Colorado
Museums in Denver
National Register of Historic Places in Denver
History Colorado
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado
Italianate architecture in Colorado
Houses in Denver
Civic Center Historic District (Denver, Colorado)
Historic district contributing properties in Colorado


Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) was a political party in Queensland, Australia.  It was a single-issue party, run by volunteers, that advocated the introduction of Daylight Saving into Queensland, or at the very least into South East Queensland under a dual-time zone arrangement - with the remainder of the state to maintain standard time. The party proposed a possible dual time zone, which included the following 15 local and regional government areas: Brisbane, Fraser Coast, Gold Coast, Goondiwindi, Gympie, Ipswich, Lockyer, Logan, Moreton Bay, Redland, Scenic Rim, Somerset, Southern Downs, Sunshine Coast, and Toowoomba. The party was officially registered with the Electoral Commission of Queensland (ECQ) in December 2008 and was not registered with the Australian Electoral Commission. In August 2012, DS4SEQ submitted a request to the ECQ to deregister the party, and this process was finalised in October 2012.  DS4SEQ maintains a presence as a lobby group and may potentially re-register as a political party in the future. Jason Furze was leader of the party from December 2008 until June 2011.

Actions

Elections

2009 Queensland state election
The party contested the March 2009 Queensland State election with 32 candidates. DS4SEQ received one percent of the statewide primary vote, equating to around 2.5% across the 32 electorates contested. Their highest result was 4.6 percent in the electorate of Surfers Paradise on the Gold Coast.

On 8 March 2009, DS4SEQ launched their election campaign with a stunt on the Queensland and New South Wales state border. The party visually demonstrated how the absence of daylight saving impacts Gold Coast residents. The DS4SEQ team mowed grass on the New South Wales side of Boundary Street, where it was 8am. Less than a metre away on Queensland soil, the time was 7am, where a DS4SEQ member attempted to sleep, acknowledging the fact that council laws do not permit lawn mowing or other relatively noisy activities before 8am on Sunday.

2012 Queensland state election
DS4SEQ did not contest the 2012 Queensland state election.

2012 South Brisbane by-election
DS4SEQ contested the 2012 South Brisbane by-election, endorsing local resident and businesswoman, Penny Panorea. The party finished fourth out of eight candidates, gaining 3.7 percent of the primary vote. This result is three times greater than the 1.2% the party achieved in 2009, when they last contested the electorate.

Lobbying

Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Private Members Bill
In early 2010, DS4SEQ approached Independent Member Peter Wellington to introduce a private members Bill. As Wellington agreed with the principles of the DS4SEQ proposal, he introduced  the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010 into Queensland Parliament on 14 April 2010.

The Premier of Queensland, Anna Bligh, responded by announcing a community consultation process, which resulted in over 74,000 respondents participating, 64 percent of whom voted in favour of a trial of daylight saving and 63% were also in favour of holding a referendum. As part of the consultation, DS4SEQ made a formal submission on behalf of its members and supporters.

During the consultation, DS4SEQ held its own 'referendum' on the Gold Coast, surveying more than 1000 people, and alerting them to the fact that the government was running a consultation on daylight saving.

On 7 June 2010, and after reviewing the favourable consultation results, Bligh announced that her Government would not support the Bill, because regional Queenslanders were overwhelmingly opposed to daylight saving. In spite of this announcement, DS4SEQ continued to call for Bligh and her government to reconsider their position.

Because the Bligh Government did not support the Bill, it was defeated in Queensland Parliament on 15 June 2011.

Formal Submission to NSW Cross Border Commissioner
In March 2012, DS4SEQ presented a formal submission to the newly appointed NSW Cross Border Commissioner, Cr Steve Toms, to inform him of the ongoing daylight saving debate within Queensland. This submission included two key recommendations for Cr Toms to consider:
1. evaluate the economic loss incurred by NSW businesses due to Queensland's non-adoption of Daylight Saving, and quantify the social detriment to NSW-Queensland border communities; 2. lobby the Queensland Premier to:  a. hold a trial of Daylight Saving in Queensland, or at least in south-east Queensland; b. evaluate the economic benefits and quantify the community and lifestyle benefits of introducing Daylight Saving into Queensland, or in south-east Queensland; and c. after the trial period, hold a referendum of all Queensland registered voters.

Formal Submission to LNP Government
In early April 2012, DS4SEQ presented a formal submission to the newly elected Premier of Queensland, Campbell Newman, to put forward the case for addressing daylight saving in Queensland. This submission included four key recommendations for Premier Newman and his Government to consider:
1. hold a trial of daylight saving in Queensland, or at least in south-east Queensland;
2. implement an education program during the trial;
3. hold a referendum of all registered Queensland voters after the trial period;
4. evaluate the economic, community and lifestyle benefits of introducing daylight saving into Queensland, quantify the social detriment to communities along the NSW-Queensland border, and evaluate the economic loss currently incurred by businesses in other Australian states because of Queensland's non-adoption of daylight saving.

See also

 Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Act 2010
 Daylight saving time around the world
 1992 Queensland daylight saving referendum
 Time in Australia
 Daylight Saving Party

References

External links
 Official DS4SEQ website

Single-issue political parties in Australia
Political parties established in 2008
Defunct political parties in Queensland
South East Queensland
Daylight saving time in Australia


Bytowo  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobrzany, within Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  east of Dobrzany,  east of Stargard, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Bytowo


Process patterns can be defined as the set of activities, actions, work tasks or work products and similar related behaviour followed in a software development life cycle.

Process patterns can be more easily understood by dividing it into terms, Process which means the steps followed to achieve a task and patterns which means the recurrence of same basic features during the lifecycle of a process. Thus in a more universal term process patterns are common or general solution for a complexity.

Typical Examples are:
 Customer communication (a process activity).
 Analysis (an action).
 Requirements gathering (a process task).
 Reviewing a work product (a process task).
 Design model (a work product).

Process Patterns can be best seen in software design cycle which involves the common stages of development. For example, a generic software design life cycles has following steps:
 Communication.
 Planning.
 Modeling which involves requirement gathering, analysis and design from business perspective.
 Development which involves code generation and testing.
 Deployment includes the code deployment and testing in the production environment.

External links
 The Process Patterns Resource Page
 Process Patterns & Applications
 Project Management Patterns
 Organizational Patterns

Software design patterns


Kaboud-val waterfall ( Persian: آبشار کبودوال ) also transliterated Kaboud vâl, is a waterfall in Iran's Golestan province. It is near the Aliabad-e katul city about 3 kilometers to the south.

Kaboud-val is the largest full-moss waterfall in Iran and is one of the prominent places in Golestan province. Its height is about six meters and its water is cool and potable.

Aliabad County
Waterfalls of Iran
Landforms of Golestan Province