St Dominic's Priory School is an independent Catholic day school in the town of Stone, Staffordshire, halfway between Stoke-on-Trent and Stafford. The school buildings are set near to the grounds of St Dominic's Convent.

The school was founded by the Dominican Sisters and still maintains a close affiliation with the resident community and with St Mary's Nursing Home and the Parish Church of the Immaculate Conception and St Dominic, the centre of an active Catholic community with a resident priest and deacon. It is joined onto this Convent founded by Margaret Hallahan.

History and Ethos
Within the grounds stands the small chapel of St Anne designed by Pugin. This school chapel was the centre of the Catholic mission started by Blessed Dominic Barberi in 1843 and continues to be a place of pilgrimage. Both the parish church and the chapel are used by the school for Mass and other services. The buildings have Grade II listed status and house various and important stained glass, statues and gargoyles, as assigned in Public sculpture of Staffordshire and the Black Country (G. Noszlopy, F. Waterhouse, 242).

According to the school history, it was founded after a young girl, the niece of one of the sisters, refused to leave the convent, and holding onto the railings, and she was then educated there. The school was opened in 1934, although the Dominican Sisters have long been educating children on the convent grounds. In 2011 the sisters announced that the congregation could no longer financially support the school and would have to close it. Parents mobilised to form a charitable trust with the support of the Sisters, school staff, alumni and the local community. As a result the school was able to remain open under the management of the new trust.

The school is now coeducational and accommodates pupils from Pre-school to the age of 16.  The school is non-selective, accepting children of all abilities and all faiths. The school was ranked 2nd best in Staffordshire for Maths and English GCSE results in 2019 and was defined as excellent in their last ISI Inspection which is equivalent to outstanding in Ofsted. ISI made the following comments – 'Students are industrious and work effectively both independently and with others.' 'The quality of academic and other achievements is excellent.' 'Students are mature for their age and confident in approaching different subjects. They display strong communication skills,
speaking articulately and enthusiastically.'
.
The school's motto is "Laudare, Benedicere, Praedicare" : "To Praise, to Bless, to Preach",

The Arts and Enrichment at St Dominic's Priory

St Dominic's Priory School has a high reputation for achievement in the Arts and in the variety of its enrichment programmes such as Duke of Edinburgh, Public Speaking. Students have many opportunities and take part in theatrical life locally and further afield. Indeed, many of its alumni have moved on to life in business, film and theatre.

Alumni
 Mary Lescher (1846-1927) - religious educator
 A. N. Wilson (b. 1950) - writer and newspaper columnist

References

External links
 School Website
 Profile on the ISC website

Private schools in Staffordshire
Roman Catholic private schools in the Archdiocese of Birmingham
Dominican schools in the United Kingdom
Educational institutions established in 1843
1843 establishments in England
Stone, Staffordshire


Opisthostoma stellasubis is a species of land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

Distribution
This species occurs in Borneo.

References

Diplommatinidae


Opisthostoma shelfordi is a species of air-breathing land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

Distribution
This species occurs in Borneo.

References

Diplommatinidae


Opisthostoma lituus is a species of air-breathing land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

Distribution
This species occurs in Borneo.

References

Diplommatinidae


Opisthostoma pulchellum is a species of air-breathing land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

Distribution
This species occurs in Borneo.

References

Diplommatinidae


Opisthostoma hosei is a species of air-breathing land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

Distribution
This species occurs in Borneo.

References

Diplommatinidae


Opisthostoma grandispinosum is a species of air-breathing land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

Distribution
This species occurs in Borneo

References

Diplommatinidae


Opisthostoma goniostoma is a species of air-breathing land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.

Distribution
This species occurs in Borneo.

References

Diplommatinidae


Haplogroup E-P177 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-P177 has two known subclades, which are haplogroup E-P2 and haplogroup E-P75.

Subclades

E-P2

Haplogroup E-P2 is a subclade of haplogroup E-P177.

E-P75

Haplogroup E-P75  is a subclade of haplogroup E-P177.

Phylogenetics

Phylogenetic history

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely.  The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

Research publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree.

Phylogenetic trees

There are several confirmed and proposed phylogenetic trees available for haplogroup E-P177. The scientifically accepted one is the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC) one published in Karafet et al. (2008) and subsequently updated. A draft tree that shows emerging science is provided by Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center in Houston, Texas. The International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG) also provides an amateur tree.

The Genomic Research Center draft tree

This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft tree Proposed Tree for haplogroup E-P177. The first three levels of subclades are shown.

 E-P177 P177
 E1b1 P2, P179, P180, P181, DYS391p
 E-V38 L222.1, V38, V100
 E-M215 M215/Page40
 E-M329 M329
 E-P75 P75

The 2012 ISOGG tree

The subclades of Haplogroup E-P177 with their defining mutation(s), according to the 2012 ISOGG tree are provided below. The first three levels of subclades are shown.

 E-P177 P177
 E1b1 P2, P179, P180, P181, DYS391p
 E-V38 L222.1, V38, V100
 E-M215 M215/Page40
 E-P75 P75

See also

Genetics

Y-DNA E subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree

References

Sources for conversion tables

External links

 Y-DNA Haplogroup E and Its Subclades from ISOGG 2008
 British Isles DNA Project

E

ca:Haplogrup E del cromosoma Y humà
de:Haplogruppe E (Y-DNA)
es:Haplogrupo E ADN-Y
fr:Haplogroupe E (Y-ADN)


Gianluigi is an Italian masculine given name meaning "John Louis". It is often an abbreviation of "Giovanni Luigi". Famous people with this given name include:

Gianluigi Braschi, Italian film producer
Gianluigi Buffon, Italian footballer
Gianluigi Donnarumma, Italian footballer
Gianluigi Gelmetti, Italian conductor
Gianluigi Lentini, Italian footballer, once the most expensive player
Gianluigi Scalvini, Italian motorcycle road racer
Gianluigi Trovesi, Italian jazz saxophonist
Gianluigi Zuddas, Italian author
Gianluigi Galli, Italian racing driver
Gianluigi Nuzzi, Italian journalist, essayist and television presenter
Gianluigi Paragone, Italian journalist and television presenter
Gianluigi Quinzi, Italian tennis player
Gian Luigi Bonelli, Italian cartoonist, writer and publisher
Gian Luigi Gessa, psychiatrist and Italian pharmacologist
Gian Luigi Polidoro, Italian director, actor and screenwriter
Gian Luigi Zampieri, Italian conductor
Gian Luigi Boiardi, Italian politician
Gian Luigi Nespoli, Italian poet and writer
Gian Luigi Rondi, Italian screenwriter
Gian Luigi Berti, Sammarinese captain regent
Gian Luigi Macina, Sammarinese long distance runner

See also
 Gian
 Giovanni (name)
 John (first name)
 John Louis (disambiguation)
 Giancarlo

Italian masculine given names
Masculine given names


The Ibanez RG7 CST was a very limited run of top quality 7-string guitars. There were only 18 of these made in 1999. Wes Borland of Limp Bizkit played one.

7CST was produced in 2 series, identified as RG7-PB1VV and RG7-PB2VV. RG7-PB1VV was a pilot proto run and RG7-PB2VV was made in May 1999. The only difference is the type of fretwire used in the guitars. The fretwires on PB1 were SBB216-195 and PB2 had SBB215-175.

The name RG7 CST derives from the US market, where there were only 2 sold. However, in Japan, this guitar is known as RG7-PB1VV or RG7-PB2VV. Guitar collectors and players usually know this model by the name RG7 CST.

Features
The RG7 CST features include:
 Mahogany Body
 Flame Maple top
 25.5" 3pc Maple neck with Ebony fretboard
 No Inlays
 Wizard 7 profile
 DiMarzio Custom7 pickups (h-h setup)
 L.R. Baggs Piezo pickups with a preamp
 Two output jacks. One for magnetic and one for piezo pickups
 Ibanez UV1000C Case

The guitar had a retail price of $2999.99 and there were only two sold in USA. The rest of the guitars were only sold in Japan.

Availability
This model was discontinued by Ibanez. As only 18 were made, this model is very rare. Every now and then one may appear on eBay, with prices sometimes over $6,000 for an instrument in even just medium condition.

References

RG7 CST


Giancarlo is an Italian given name meaning "John Charles". It is one of the most common masculine given names in Italy and is often short for "Giovanni Carlo". Notable people with the name include:

List

A
Giancarlo Agazzi (1933–1995), Italian ice hockey player
Giancarlo Alessandrelli (born 1952), Italian footballer
Giancarlo Alessandrini (born 1950), Italian comic artist
Giancarlo Alvarado (born 1978), Puerto Rican baseball player
Giancarlo Antognoni (born 1954), Italian footballer
Giancarlo Astrua (1927–2010), Italian road bicycle racer

B
Giancarlo Bacci (1931–2014), Italian footballer
Giancarlo Badessi (1928–2011), Italian actor
Giancarlo Baghetti (1934–1995), Italian Formula One driver
Giancarlo Bellini (born 1945), Italian road bicycle racer
Giancarlo Berardi (born 1949), Italian comic book writer
Giancarlo Bercellino (born 1941), Italian footballer
Giancarlo Bergamelli (born 1974), Italian alpine skier
Giancarlo Bergamini (1926–2020), Italian fencer
Giancarlo Bigazzi (1940–2012), Italian music producer
Giancarlo Boriani (1894–1962), Italian sports shooter
Giancarlo Brusati (1910–2001), Italian fencer

C
Giancarlo Cadé (1930–2013), Italian footballer and coach
Giancarlo Caltabiano (born 1967), Canadian actor
Giancarlo Camolese (born 1961), Italian footballer
Giancarlo Canavesio (born 1968), Italian film producer
Giancarlo Carloni (born 1947), Italian footballer
Giancarlo Carmona (born 1985), Peruvian footballer
Giancarlo Ceccarelli (born 1956), Italian footballer
Giancarlo Cella (born 1940), Italian footballer and coach
Giancarlo Centi (born 1959), Italian footballer and coach
Giancarlo Chiaramello (born 1939), Italian composer
Giancarlo Cobelli (1929–2012), Italian actor and stage director
Giancarlo Commare (born 1991), Italian actor
Giancarlo Conta (born 1949), Italian politician
Giancarlo Coraggio (born 1940), Italian judge
Giancarlo Corradini (born 1961), Italian footballer and coach

D
Giancarlo da Silva Moro (born 1982), Brazilian footballer
Giancarlo Dametto (born 1959), Italian volleyball player
Giancarlo Danova (1938–2014), Italian footballer
Giancarlo de' Medici (1611–1663), Italian cardinal
Giancarlo De Carlo (1919–2015), Italian architect
Giancarlo De Sisti (born 1943), Italian footballer and coach
Giancarlo del Monaco (born 1943), Italian stage director

E
Giancarlo Esposito (born 1958), American actor

F
Giancarlo Falappa (born 1963), Italian motorcycle road racer
Giancarlo Ferrari (born 1942), Italian archer
Giancarlo Ferretti (born 1941), Italian road bicycle racer and team manager
Giancarlo Fisichella (born 1973), Italian Formula One driver
Giancarlo Flati (born 1953), Italian painter

G
Giancarlo Galan (born 1956), Italian politician
Giancarlo Gallifuoco (born 1994), Australian footballer
Giancarlo Genta (born 1948), Italian professor of machine design and construction
Giancarlo Gentilini (born 1929), Italian politician
Giancarlo Ghirardi (1935–2018), Italian physicist
Giancarlo Giammetti, Italian fashion entrepreneur
Giancarlo Giannini (born 1942), Italian actor
Giancarlo Giorgetti, Italian politician
Giancarlo González (born 1988), Costa Rican footballer
Giancarlo Gramolazzo (1945–2010), Italian priest and exorcist
Giancarlo Guerrini (born 1939), Italian water polo player
Giancarlo Guerrero, Costa Rican music director

I
Giancarlo Ibarguen (born 1963), Guatemalan businessman and academic
Giancarlo Improta (born 1987), Italian footballer

J
Giancarlo Judica Cordiglia (born 1971), Italian actor

L
Giancarlo Ligabue (1931–2015), Italian palaeontologist and politician
Giancarlo Livraghi (1927–2014), Italian author and advertising executive
Giancarlo Luzzani (1912–date of death unknown), Swiss field hockey player

M
Giancarlo Magalli (born 1947), Italian television writer and presenter
Giancarlo Maldonado (born 1982), Venezuelan footballer
Giancarlo Marinelli (1915–1987), Italian basketball player
Giancarlo Marocchi (born 1965), Italian footballer
Giancarlo Martini (1947–2013), Italian Formula One driver
Giancarlo Mazzanti (born 1963), Colombian architect
Giancarlo Meo, Italian record producer
Giancarlo Minardi (born 1947), Italian car racer and founder of the Formula One team Minardi
Giancarlo Monsalve (born 1982), Chilean tenor
Giancarlo Morolli, Italian philatelist
Giancarlo Morresi (1944–2019), Italian modern pentathlete

N
Giancarlo Neri (born 1955), Italian sculptor

P
Giancarlo Pagliarini (born 1942), Italian politician
Giancarlo Pajetta (1911–1990), Italian politician
Giancarlo Pallavicini (born 1931), Italian economist
Giancarlo Pantano (born 1977), Italian footballer
Giancarlo Parretti (born 1941), Italian financier
Giancarlo Pasinato (born 1956), Italian footballer and coach
Giancarlo Pepeu (1930–2021) Italian Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology
Giancarlo Perini (born 1959), Italian road bicycle racer
Giancarlo Peris (born 1941), Italian track athlete
Giancarlo Petrazzuolo (born 1980), Italian tennis player
Giancarlo Polidori (born 1943), Italian road bicycle racer
Giancarlo Politi (born 1937), Italian art critic and publisher
Giancarlo Prete (1943–2001), Italian actor
Giancarlo Previato (born 1993), Brazilian footballer
Giancarlo Primo (1924–2005), Italian basketball player and coach

R
Giancarlo Rastelli (1934–1970), Italian cardiac surgeon
Giancarlo Rebizzi (born 1933), Italian footballer
Giancarlo Ronchetti (1913–unknown), Italian bobsledder
Gian-Carlo Rota (1932–1999), Italian born-American mathematician and philosopher

S
Giancarlo Santi (1939–2021), Italian director and screenwriter
Giancarlo Sbragia (1926–1994), Italian actor
Giancarlo Scottà (born 1953), Italian politician
Giancarlo Schiaffini, Italian jazz trombonist
Giancarlo Scottà (born 1953), Italian politician
Giancarlo Serenelli (born 1981), Venezuelan racing driver
Giancarlo Siani (1959–1985), Italian crime reporter
Giancarlo Snidaro (born 1954), Italian footballer
Giancarlo Stanton (born 1989), American baseball player

T
Giancarlo Tesini (born 1929), Italian politician

V
Giancarlo Venturini, Italian fashion designer and artist
Giancarlo Vilarinho (born 1992), Brazilian race car driver
Giancarlo Vitali (1926–2011), Italian footballer and manager
Giancarlo Vitali (painter) (1929–2018), Italian painter
Giancarlo Volpe (born 1974), American animator and director

W
Gian-Carlo Wick (1909–1992), Italian theoretical physicist

Z
Giancarlo Zagni (1926–2013), Italian director and screenwriter
Giancarlo Zolezzi (born 1981), Chilean swimmer

See also

John (first name)
Gian
Gian Carlo
Gian-Carlo
Giovanni (name)
Juan Carlos
Giancarla Trevisan

Italian masculine given names
Masculine given names
Sammarinese given names


BaTalaote are an ethnic group found in the central district of Botswana and south-western parts of Zimbabwe. They are part of a large group of ethnic groups called Bakalanga. Over the years Batalaote lost their language and adopted Kalanga for those in Zimbabwe and Sengwato, which is spoken by the Bangwato,  for those in Botswana. The Talaunda and the Wadoma could share a common ancestor. Both tribes have significantly high cases of ectrodactyly.

BaTalaote (sometimes spelt "Talaunda") meaning glance back while trudging on, are a large tribe even though they are divided and live in various parts of Botswana and Western Zimbabwe. They are Rozvi/Lozi/Lozvi people and their totem is a heart/pelo/moyo and they do not pierce their ears. They are a peaceful tribe which migrated from Zimbabwe; they came from the same region in East Africa as the Shona. They fled Zimbabwe to Senyawe in Botswana because of the intertribal wars. They lived with the Bangwato when they settled in Botswana. Some of them accompanied Ratiltadi and Mpoengs who fled from Kgama into Plumtree, Zimbabwe. The Rozvi are the people from where the Mambo dynasty emerged. It is now thought that these Kalanga/Rozvi/Lozi/Lozvi people built the Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe ruins.

The Gululu are a smaller family within the Talaunda; their origin dates back to the aftermath of a genocide attempt by King Mzilikazi after Kedikilwe, brother of Musemwe, misled the King on the whereabouts of herds of cattle that belonged to the Talaunda and the Bangwato in Botswana. The survivors of that attack adopted the name Gululu or Gwababa in SiNdebele, as the king's warriors had unwittingly mistaken rustling noises in the bushes made by these Talaunda for creeping Monitor lizards (called Gululu in Kalanga).

Their first settlement in Botswana was in a small village north-east of Botswana called Senyawe, where they lived on a hill.  Batalaote are still in Senyawe village. They were divided due to the search for greener pastures, intertribal marriage and intertribal wars. That is why there are some Batalaote in Plumtree, Matopos, Serowe, Mmadinare, Makaleng, Bobirwa.

Several of the Talaote/Talaunda people seek government-assisted repatriation from their current locations to locations that are governed by Talaote chiefs and tribal princes.

Bakalanga-Banyai, just like any other African tribe has dialects; their dialects are
Badhalaunda/batalaote (they lived in Madzilogwe, Mazhoubgwe, up to Zhozhobgwe.)
BaNambya can be found in Hwange up to Gweta.
BaLilima ( BaWombe; Bayela. Are in the central district with Baperi
Baperi (live together with BaLilima as mentioned above)

Dhalaunda was the leader of one of these Kalanga sub-tribes, and the clan was named after him, originally Badhalaunda, but then Bangwato changed it to Batalaote, as they changed Bakalanga to Bakalaka, maybe because of difficulty pronouncing the Kalanga words. They are found in the central district of Botswana and south-western parts of Zimbabwe. Over the years the Talaunda dialect was levelled to other Ikalanga dialects, just as the north-eastern Tjikalanga dialect is shifting to Tjililma. Some of them live in Serowe; former President of Botswana, Festus Mogae, is a member. These have completely lost their Ikalanga identity, and now just identify themselves as Talaote or Ngwato, with little knowledge of what Talaote really means. Most Talaote tribe who witnessed the conflicts between their rulers fled Botswana for South Africa. Most Batalaota are currently found in the Malebogo District in the Blouberg Municipality.

References
 http://www.gazettebw.com/timeout/the-hybrid-culture-of-the-ngwato-on-display.html
 http://kamanakao.tripod.com/commissiona.pdf
 http://www.ditshwanelo.org.bw/images/Reteng%202006%20Shadow%20Report.pdf

Ethnic groups in Botswana


Ayya is a 2005 Indian Kannada film directed by Om Prakash Rao, starring  Darshan and Rakshitha. Darshan plays the role of a brave police officer prepared to go to any lengths to control crime in the city. The background music and soundtrack have been scored by V. Ravichandran.
The director had revealed that he had copied scenes from ten movies including the Tamil movies Saamy and Madhurey.

The film enjoyed box office success, with many cinemas running it for over 100 days.

Cast

Soundtrack

Reception
A critic from Rediff.com wrote that "Over all, Ayya is what they call a timepass movie".

Legacy
The dialogue "Naan convent alli odi police agiddalla. Corporation school alli odi police aagiddu" (Means, "I have not become a police officer by studying in the convent, I am a police officer who studied in corporation school"), became popular in Karnataka.

References

External links

2005 films
2000s Kannada-language films
Films set in Bangalore
Indian action films
2005 action films
Fictional portrayals of the Karnataka Police
Films directed by Om Prakash Rao
Films scored by V. Ravichandran
Kannada remakes of Tamil films
Indian police films
2000s masala films


Wonder Boy III can refer to:

 Wonder Boy III: The Dragon's Trap, originally released for the Master System in 1989.
 Wonder Boy III: Monster Lair, originally released as an arcade game in 1988.


Jaala Pulford (born 14 February 1974) is a former Australian politician. She was a Labor Party member of the Victorian Legislative Council between 2006 and 2022, representing the Western Victoria Region.

Pulford was Minister for Agriculture, Minister for Regional Development and Deputy Leader of the Government in the Legislative Council between 4 December 2014 and 30 November 2018 following the election of the Andrews Labor Government. She was appointed Minister for Roads, Road Safety and the TAC, and Fishing and Boating on 30 November 2018. In June 2020, Pulford was appointed Minister for Small Business; Minister for Employment; and Minister for Innovation, Medical Research and the Digital Economy and in August 2021, she was additionally appointed Minister for Resources.

Early life
Pulford grew up in Castlemaine and attended Bendigo Senior Secondary College. She worked as an Organiser for the National Union of Workers Victorian Branch between 1994 and 2006.

Pulford has a Bachelor of Applied Management from University of Ballarat and has since completed a Masters of Public Policy at Deakin University.

Political career
Pulford has held a number of roles within the ALP, including State and National Conference delegate, Junior Vice-president of the Victorian Branch, National Labor Women's Network secretary, and President of the ALP Women's Policy Committee.

In November 2006, she was elected, at the age of 32, as a member of the Victorian Legislative Council, representing the Western Victoria Region. As a member of the Brumby Government, she served as Parliamentary Secretary for Industrial Relations (August 2007 – January 2010) and Parliamentary Secretary for Regional and Rural Development, Industry and Trade (January – November 2010).

Following the Labor government's loss at the 2010 state election, Pulford was appointed Shadow Parliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Opposition (Legislative Council) and Shadow Parliamentary Secretary for Regional and Rural Development.

On 4 December 2014, Pulford was appointed Minister for Agriculture, Minister for Regional Development and Deputy Leader of the Government in the Legislative Council as part of the Labor Government led by Daniel Andrews. She was Victoria's first female Agriculture Minister, and oversaw significant reform, including the establishment of Regional Partnerships and a medicinal cannabis industry, the mandatory electronic tagging of sheep, Victoria's first digital agriculture program, greater animal welfare protection, and attracting recreational fishers to Victoria.

On 30 November 2018, Pulford was appointed Minister for Roads, Road Safety and the TAC, and Fishing and Boating in the re-elected Andrews Government.

On 22 June 2020, Pulford was appointed Minister for Small Business; Minister for Employment; and Minister for Innovation, Medical Research and the Digital Economy.

On 23 August 2021, Pulford was appointed Minister for Resources.

On 28 October 2022, Pulford announced she would not recontest her seat at the 2022 State election.

Personal life
Pulford is married with a son and lives in Ballarat. Her daughter Sinead died of cancer in 2014, aged 13.

References

External links
www.jaalapulford.com.au
Entry in Victorian Parliament Ministers Database
Parliamentary voting record of Jaala Pulford at Victorian Parliament Tracker

1974 births
Living people
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Victoria
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
Women members of the Victorian Legislative Council
Deakin University alumni
21st-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian women politicians
People from Castlemaine, Victoria
Ministers for Agriculture (Victoria)
Ministers for Small Business (Victoria)
Ministers for Roads and Road Safety (Victoria)
Ministers for Employment (Victoria)
Ministers for Medical Research (Victoria)


Haplogroup E-M75 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Along with haplogroup E-P147, it is one of the two main branches of the older haplogroup E-M96.

Ancient DNA

Within Africa

Kenya

At Prettejohn's Gully, in Nakuru County, Kenya, there were two pastoralists of the early pastoral period; one carried haplogroups E2 (xE2b)/E-M75 and K1a, and another carried haplogroup L3f1b.

At Ilkek Mounds, in Nakuru County, Kenya, a pastoralist of the Pastoral Iron Age carried haplogroups E2 (xE2b)/E-M75 and L0f2a.

At Kisima Farm/C4, in Laikipia County, Kenya, a pastoralist of the Pastoral Iron Age, carried haplogroups E2 (xE2b)/E-M75 and L3h1a1.

Outside of Africa

United States of America

At an Anson Street burial site, in Charleston, South Carolina, there were 18 African Americans found who were dated to the 18th century CE. Coosaw, who was of West African and Native American ancestry, carried haplogroups E2b1a-CTS2400 and A2.

Distribution

Sorted frequency table of E-M75+ populations. Note that a "?" specifies that the sublineage of E-M75 was either untested for or unreported in the relevant study.

Subclades

E-M75*

Haplogroup E-M75(xM41,M54) has been found in 6% (1/18) of a sample of Dama from Namibia, 4% (1/26) of a sample of Ganda from Uganda, 3% (1/39) of a sample of Mandinka from Gambia/Senegal, and 2% (1/49) of a sample of Shona from Zimbabwe.

E-M41

Haplogroup E-M41 has been found mainly in populations of the Great Lakes and Upper Nile regions of Central-East Africa, including 67% (6/9) of a sample of Alur from the DRC, 39% (7/18) of a sample of Hema from the DRC, 17% (15/88) of a sample from Ethiopia, 8% (2/26) of a sample of Ganda from Uganda, 5% (2/40) of a sample from Sudan, 4% (3/69) of a sample of Hutu from Rwanda, 3% (1/29) of a sample of Bantus from Kenya, and 2% (1/43) of a sample of Iraqw from Tanzania. E-M41 has also been identified in noticeable amounts among commercial DNA testers from the Arabian Peninsula and among a few Ashkenazi Jewish males, and also in a male from Lebanon.

E-M54

Haplogroup E-M54 has been found in 28% (22/80) of a sample of Xhosa from South Africa, 27% (10/37) of a sample of Rimaibe from Burkina Faso, 22% (4/18) of a sample of Daba from northern Cameroon, 21% (6/29) of a sample of Zulu from South Africa, 15% (8/53) of a sample of non-Khoisan Southern Africans, 14% (4/29) of a sample of Bantus from Kenya, 14% of a sample of Comorian Shirazi, 11% (1/9) of a small sample of speakers of Central Sudanic and Saharan languages from northern Cameroon, 9% (3/35) of a sample of Malagasy from Madagascar,  8% (3/37) of a sample from Central Africa, 7% (2/28) of a sample of Mandara from northern Cameroon, 6% (2/31) of a sample of Ngumba from southern Cameroon, 6% (4/64) of a sample of !Kung from South Africa, 6% (1/18) of a sample of Dama from Namibia, 5% (5/100) of a sample of Fon from Benin, 5% (1/22) of a sample of Ambo from Namibia, 4% (3/69) of a sample of Hutu from Rwanda, 4% (4/94) of a sample of Tutsi from Rwanda, 4% (2/47) of a sample of Mbuti from the DRC, 4% (1/26) of a sample of Ganda from Uganda, 4% (1/26) of a sample of Khwe from South Africa, 4% (1/28) of a sample of Sotho-Tswana from South Africa, 3% (1/33) of a sample of Bakola from southern Cameroon, 3% (1/34) of a sample of Wolof from Gambia/Senegal, 3% (2/72) of a sample from Qatar, 2% (1/42) of a sample of Kikuyu and Kamba from Kenya, 2% (1/55) of a sample of Dogon from Mali, and approximately 2% of a sample of 121 Arabs from Oman.

It has been suggested that haplogroup E-M85 Y-chromosomes have spread through Sub-Saharan Africa quite recently based on the fact that Y-STR microsatellite haplotypes associated with these chromosomes show a low degree of differentiation throughout their broad geographic range. Furthermore, the mean variance of STR alleles of E-M85 chromosomes is higher in Central-Western Africans than in the Southern African Khoisan, leading researchers to propose that E-M85 might have been involved in the range expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples from Central-Western Africa toward Southern Africa.

E-M98*

E-M98(xM85) has been found in 4% (2/49) of a sample of Mossi from Burkina Faso.

E-M200

E-M200 has been found in 25% (3/12) of a small sample of Mbuti from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. According to Figure 4 of Cruciani (2002), all three Bambuti who exhibit the M200 mutation share an identical microsatellite haplotype based on seven STR loci with one another and with some E-M85(xM200) Khoisan (!Kung and/or Khwe) individuals from South Africa.

Phylogenetics

Phylogenetic history

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being, above all, timely.  The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

Research publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree.

Phylogenetic trees

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup  subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree and subsequent published research.

 E-M75 (M75, P68)
 E-M41 (M41/P210)
 E-M98 (M98)
 E-M54 (M54, M90)
 E-M85 (M85)
 E-M200 (M200)
 E-P45 (P45)
 E-P258 (P258)

See also

Genetics

Y-DNA E subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree

References

Bibliography

Sources for conversion tables

External links

 Y-DNA Haplogroup E and Its Subclades from ISOGG 2008

E

ca:Haplogrup E del cromosoma Y humà
de:Haplogruppe E (Y-DNA)
es:Haplogrupo E ADN-Y
fr:Haplogroupe E (Y-ADN)


The TSV Amicitia Viernheim is a German association football club from the city of Viernheim, Hesse. Due to the close proximity of Viernheim to Baden-Württemberg, the club plays in the league system of this state.

The club was formed in a merger of the SpVgg Amicitia Viernheim and the TSV Viernheim in May 2008. Amicitia is the Latin word for friendship.

History

TSV Viernheim
TSV was formed in 1906 as a football club, under the name of Fußballclub Sodalität Viernheim. After the First World War, the club joined the DJK organisation and expanded into other sports. With the rise of the Nazis to power in 1933, the club was outlawed due to its association with the Catholic Deutschen Jugendkraft but it was reformed in 1946.

Originally as TSV 1946, the club changed its name to TSV 1906, claiming its origins in the old club.

For most part of its history, it stood in the shadow of Amicitia as far as football is concerned. TSV gained promotion to the 2nd Amateurliga Rhein-Neckar (IV) in 1971, joined by Amicitia a year later. In 1974, it was relegated from this league again.

In 1986, it won promotion to the Landesliga Nordbaden-Staffel 2 (V), a league it won the season after.

The club played in the tier-four Verbandsliga Nordbaden for ten seasons from 1988 onwards, a fifth place in its first year being the best result. It returned to this league in 1999–2000 and from 2003 to 2006 but never came close to Oberliga promotion. Its last season before the merger, 2007–08, it spent in the Landesliga (VI) once more, alongside Amicitia.

SpVgg Amicitia Viernheim

Amicitia was formed in 1909, three years after the club the TSV claims as its origins. The club was always exclusively a football club, unlike TSV who functioned as a multi-sports club.

Amicitia first reached prominence when it gained promotion to the tier-one Bezirksliga Rhein-Saar in 1931. Despite a seventh place in the first season and a fourth in the second, the club could not qualify for the new Gauliga Baden in 1933.

After two years in the second tier, it regained its first division status in 1935 but was relegated from the Gauliga again immediately. Amicitia once more returned to this league for one season in 1939.

After the end of the Second World War, Amicitia was briefly renamed Grün-Weiß Viernheim due to all pre-1945 sport associations being outlawed. The club became part of the tier-two Landesliga Nordbaden, where it achieved a second place in the northern division of the league in 1948, qualifying for the promotion round to the Oberliga Süd, where it came last. After this season, the league was merged into one single division and Amicitia only managed a tenth place the following season. The year after, a seventh place was not enough to qualify the team for the new tier-two 2nd Oberliga Süd and it became part of what was now the Amateurliga Nordbaden.

Until 1953, the club remained a mid-table side in this league, after this, its fortunes took a turn for the better. Amicitia took out four league championships in a row from 1954 to 1957 but failed in the first three attempts to reach the second division. In 1954 and 1955, the club was outclassed by the Bavarian contestants VfL Neustadt, SpVgg Weiden and FC Penzberg. In 1956, SpVgg Neu-Isenburg and VfR Heilbronn finished ahead of the team who was only one win away from promotion. Finally, in 1957, the club was successful, winning promotion alongside Borussia Fulda. The club also qualified for the German amateur football championship, where it was knocked out in the semi-finals by Alemannia 90 Berlin.

In the 2nd Oberliga Süd for the next six seasons, the club achieved its best result, a sixth place, in its first season. After this, the team declined, narrowly avoiding relegation in 1961. In the last season of the Oberliga era, 1962–63, Amicitia performed well once more, earning a seventh place.

This was enough to maintain its second division status and the club was admitted to the new Regionalliga Süd, one of the five leagues below the new Fußball-Bundesliga. Amicitia was outclassed at this level and finished last in the league, being relegated back to the tier-three Amateurliga again. Its reserve team, Amicita Viernheim Amateure, played in the tier-four 2nd Amateurliga Rhein-Neckar for a seasons but had to be withdrawn from the league when the first team got relegated.

Upon return to this level, it earned a respectable third place in this league in its first season, followed by a second place the following year. After this, the club slipped to the bottom half of the league for the coming seasons, culminating in relegation from the league in 1972. Amicitia did not return to the Amateurliga until the league was renamed in 1978 and became the Verbandsliga Nordbaden. Instead, the club had to play in the 2nd Amateurliga Rhein-Neckar, alongside local rival TSV for the 1972–73 and 1973–74 seasons. It finished runners-up in the league in 1974. In 1977, the 2nd Amateurligas in North Baden were renamed Landesligas and reduced in number from five to three. Amicitia became part of the Landesliga Nordbaden-Staffel 2.

In 1980, a last place finish meant a further relegation for the club, now to the sixth tier of the league system. It took the club until 1984 to recover and return to the Landesliga.

After a lengthy absence, the club returned to North Baden's highest league, now on the fourth level of the German league system, in 1985, winning the Landesliga as a freshly promoted team. After a tenth place in its first season, it won the league in 1986–87 and earned promotion to the tier-three Oberliga Baden-Württemberg. Amicitia became something of an elevator team between those two leagues, winning promotion again in 1989, after having been relegated after only one season. Again, only lasting for one year, it returned to the Oberliga for a third time in 1994. This time, it lasted for two seasons but upon return to the Verbandsliga in 1996–97, it was handed straight down to the Landesliga.

The next ten seasons, Amicitia spent at the lower amateur level before making a Verbandsliga comeback in 2007. In the 2007–08 season, its last as an independent club, it came second in the league but failed in the promotion round, the Kehler FV earning promotion instead.

TSV Amicitia Viernheim
In April 2007, the two clubs, Amicitia and TSV, first publicly announced the idea of a merger. For legal reasons, the process was delayed and on 7 May 2008, a vote to decide about the merger plans was held. In it, 86% of all members voted in favor of the merger.

The new club was not a huge success in the Verbandsliga, existing as a mid-table side until 2012 when it was relegated to the Landesliga after coming 13th. After two seasons in the Landesliga in which the club came second and first it was promoted back to the Verbandsliga.

Following relegation from the Verbandsliga in 2017, the club withdrew its first team for personnel and financial reasons. The team players joined the Kreisliga for the 2018–19 season.

Honours

SpVgg Amicitia Viernheim
 Amateurliga Nordbaden (III)
 Champions: 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957
 Verbandsliga Nordbaden (IV)
 Champions: 1987
 Landesliga Nordbaden-Staffel 2 (V-VI)
 Champions: 1985, 2007
 Runners-up: 2013
 Landesliga Rhein-Neckar (VI)
 Champions: 2014

TSV Viernheim
 Landesliga Nordbaden-Staffel 2 (V)
 Champions: 1988, 2003

Recent seasons
The recent season-by-season performance of the club:

SpVgg Amicitia Viernheim

TSV Viernheim

TSV Amicitia Viernheim

 With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier.

References

Sources
Süddeutschlands Fussballgeschichte in Tabellenform 1897–1988  History of Southern German football in tables, author: Ludolf Hyll
 50 Jahre Fussball in Nord-Baden 1945–99  50 Years of football in North Baden, author: Ludolf Hyll & Dieter Zimmermann

External links
Official team site
Groundhopping.de: TSV Amicitia Viernheim vs. FC 07 Heidelsheim  Pictures of the Waldstadion Viernheim
Amicitia Viernheim profile at Weltfussball.de
Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables

Football clubs in Germany
Football clubs in Baden-Württemberg
Football clubs in Hesse
Association football clubs established in 2008
2008 establishments in Germany
Bergstraße (district)


The Milan–Venice railway line is one of the most important railway lines in Italy. It connects the major city of Milan, in Lombardy, with the Adriatic Sea at Venice, in Veneto. The line is state-owned and operated by the state rail infrastructure company, Rete Ferroviaria Italiana that classifies it as a trunk line. The line is electrified at 3,000 volts DC.

History
The line was designed by the Austrian Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia to connect its two joint capitals and built by a company named the Imperiale Regia Privilege Strada ferrata Ferdinandea Lombardo-Veneta dell'Imperatore in honour of Ferdinand I of Austria. It was built in sections: the first section to be completed was between Padua and Marghera, opened on 13 December 1842, and was the third railway opened in Italy. On 13 January 1846 a  bridge over the Venetian Lagoon between Mestre and Venice was opened, with 222 arches supported on 80,000 larch piles. It was followed by the opening of the Padua–Vicenza section on 11 January 1846 and the Milan–Treviglio section on 15 February 1846.

The First Italian War of Independence slowed construction of other sections: the Vicenza–Verona Porta Vescovo stretch was inaugurated on 3 July 1849; it was extended across the Adige river to Verona Porta Nuova on 14 December 1852.  An extension followed to Brescia and Bergamo via Coccaglio on 22 April 1854. The line was completed with the opening of the section between Bergamo to Treviglio on 12 October 1857, following the inauguration of the bridge over the Oglio at Palazzolo. The original route via Treviglio, Bergamo and Brescia was  long. The direct between Rovato and Treviglio, bypassing Bergamo was opened on 5 March 1878, and the line took its current form.

In 1852 the original operating company was taken over by the state, but it was privatised in 1856, being sold to the Rothschild banking family of France for 156.25 million gold francs to form the Societé IR Privilégiée des Chemins de Fer Lombards-Vénitiens et de l'Italie Centrale, with a concession to complete the Milan–Venice line and to extend it to Trieste (the Venice–Trieste line) and to build branches to Lake Maggiore (the beginning of the Milan-Domodossola line), Como (the Milan–Chiasso line), Pavia (the beginning of the Milan–Genoa line), Piacenza (the beginning of the Milan–Bologna line) and to Mantua and Borgoforte (the beginning of the Verona–Mantua–Modena line). The Rothschild's rail interests were collectively referred to as the Südbahn.  With the transfer of Veneto to Italy as a result of the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866, the Milan–Venice railway became part of the Società per le strade ferrate dell'Alta Italia (Upper Italian Railways). In 1885 it became part of the Rete Adriatica (Adriatic Network) and in 1905 it was absorbed into Ferrovie dello Stato on its foundation.

Electrification at 3000 volts DC was completed in 1956.

The current line

The railway is  long, double track and fully electrified. The most important cities passed are Brescia, Verona, Vicenza, Padua and Mestre: these are also the key interchange points with other public transport services. The line has four tracks between Milan Lambrate and Treviglio and between Padua and Venezia Mestre, including high-speed lines on those sections. The high speed pair of lines is referred to as DD (derived from "direttissima"—literally most direct—an Italian word for high-speed railway) and the other pair is referred to as the Linea Lenta (meaning "slow line", abbreviated LL). The high-speed line between Treviglio and Brescia was  completed in December 2016 and planning for its extension from Brescia to Venice is under way.

The line is served by Trenitalia and Trenord regional trains between Milan and Verona and between Verona and Venice. The section from Pioltello to the Milan Cintura (belt) line is also served by trains of the S5 and S6 (starting from Treviglio) lines of the Milan Suburban Railway Network. The Padua–Venice section is also used by the lines of the Metropolitan Regional Rail System of the Veneto region. Long distance passenger traffic is served by Trenitalia Eurostar and Cisalpino trains. The railway is also used by freight trains operated by several railway companies.

References

Footnotes

Sources

See also
 List of railway lines in Italy

External links

Railway lines in Lombardy
Railway lines in Veneto
Railway lines opened in 1842
1842 establishments in the Austrian Empire
3000 V DC railway electrification


Véronique Ançay-Carron, née Ançay (born 1970), from Fully is a Swiss ski mountaineer. She also takes part in mountain bike and ultramarathon competitions.

Selected results
 2000:
 1st, Patrouille de la Maya A-course, together with Nicole Gillioz and Christine Luyet
 2001:
 1st, Tour du Rutor (together with Catherine Mabillard)
 3rd, Trophée des Gastlosen (European Cup, together with Christine Luyet)
 7th, European Championship team race (together with Christine Luyet)
 2002:
 1st, Patrouille de la Maya A-course, together with Catherine Mabillard and Anne Bochatay
 1st, Diamir Race Diemigtal Swiss Cup race (together with Catherine Mabillard)
 3rd, Valerette Altiski 2000 Swiss Cup race
 2004:
 1st, Patrouille de la Maya A-course, together with Chantal Daucourt and Mary-Jérôme Vaudan
 2008:
 1st, Patrouille de la Maya A-course, together with Mary-Jérôme Vaudan and Anne Bochatay
 2009:
 3rd, Trophée des Gastlosen (together with Valérie Berthod-Pellissier)

Patrouille des Glaciers

 2002: 2nd, together with Nicole Gillioz and Christine Luyet
 2004: 3rd, together with Chantal Daucourt and Mary-Jérôme Vaudan
 2008: 5th (and 1st in the "civilian women" ranking), together with Anne Bochatay and Mary-Jérôme Vaudan
 2010: 6th (and 3rd in the "civilian women" ranking), together with Mary-Jérôme Vaudan and Valérie Berthod-Pélissier

Pierra Menta

 1999: 4th, together with Catherine Mabillard
 2001, 3rd, together with Nicole Gillioz
 2005: 6th, together with Nathalie Blanc

Trofeo Mezzalama

 2011: 10th, together with Valérie Berthod-Pellissier and Mary-Jérôme Vaudan

External links
 Personnel website

References

1970 births
Living people
Swiss female ski mountaineers


is a line of wafer snacks produced by Lotte, made notable for the randomly assorted bonus stickers included inside each snack. First released in 1977, Bikkuriman (ビックリマン, “Surprise Man”) became wildly popular in Japan with the introduction of the Akuma vs Tenshi Seal (悪魔VS天使シール, "Devil VS Angel Seal") series of stickers, leading to a prolific number of media tie-ins.

History
Bikkuriman is a chocolate and peanut wafer snack made by Lotte that sold for 30 yen at the time of its introduction. Originally, the pack-in stickers were called “Dokkiri Seal” (どっきりシール, “Shocking Seal). Each Seal featured a realistic image on a clear background, with the intention of using them for pranks or gags (broken glass, clothing tears, fake wall switches, etc.) By the 1980s, the Seals began featuring individual gag-based characters with a theme that united a particular set of Seals. These style of stickers would remain for the first 9 sets of Seal releases.

In August 1985, Lotte released the first of the Akuma vs Tenshi Seal series. While maintaining the same humorous art style of the earlier series, the Akuma vs Tenshi Seals featured characters based on assorted mythological, folklore, and even metaphorical sources engaging in an overarching story-line. Akin to the Mars Attacks trading card series from America, the battle between the Tenshi and Akuma is told on the back of each sticker, with the plot progressing with each new set. Each set was divided into several themed tiers featuring a Tenshi, Akuma, and an Omamori (お守り, "Protector"), with an ultra-rare "Head" Seal that serves as the main character of its particular set. The Head Seals were typically printed with a prism or holographic holofoil to set them apart from the Tenshi's metallic silver or gold backing, the clear backgrounds of the Omamori and the multi-colored backgrounds of the Akuma. The rarity of the early Akuma vs Tenshi Seals were, in order: Head, Tenshi, Omamori, Akuma.

Unfortunately, the popularity of the stickers led to trouble for the series. The zeal to try to obtain Head Seals would lead children to buy Bikkuriman in mass quantities, retrieve the stickers inside, and simply throw away the snack. This, along with the fact that children and collectors were willing to pay high amounts of money for the rarer cards, led to parent groups expressing concern of possible gambling implications for the stickers. This led to action by the Japanese Fair Trade Commission, and the number of Head Seals per pack was increased from the average 4 to 24 individual Seals.

Anime
These stickers were a huge success, leading to a multitude of media tie-ins. The original Bikkuriman anime series, created by Toei Animation, aired from October 11, 1987, to April 2, 1989. Sequels include  Shin Bikkuriman, Super Bikkuriman, Bikkuriman 2000 and Happy Lucky Bikkuriman.

Bikkuri-Men
A new anime project featuring original character designs by Hiroyuki Takei was announced on April 1, 2023. The project was later revealed to be a television series produced by Shin-Ei Animation, animated by Lesprit, and directed by Tomohiro Yamanashi, with Yuniko Ayana in charge of series composition, Ayano Owada adapting Takei's original character designs for animation, and Yasuhiro Misawa composing the music. It premiered on October 5, 2023, on Tokyo MX and BS Asahi. The opening theme song, "Collection", is performed by Dannie May while the ending theme song, "Seishun☆Whatcha Gonna Do", is performed by Daishi Kajita, Shūta Morishima, and Tatsumaru Tachibana. Medialink licensed the series in Asia-Pacific.

Characters
Yamato

Ushiwaka

Jack

Phoenix

Hood

Peter

Maris

Ippontsuri

Shokoshi

Alibaba

Cross

Oasis

Khan

Takayan

Manga
Super Bikkuriman, a series published  by Shōgakukan

References

External links
 2023 Anime - Bikkuri-Men

1987 anime television series debuts
1988 anime films
1988 films
1989 anime television series debuts
1992 anime television series debuts
1999 anime television series debuts
2006 anime television series debuts
2023 anime television series debuts
Asahi Broadcasting Corporation original programming
CoroCoro Comic
Inactive online games
Lesprit
Medialink
Shin-Ei Animation
Toei Animation television
TV Asahi original programming
TV Tokyo original programming


Maria Margarida de Lorena, Duchess of Abrantes (2 February 1713 – 1780) was the daughter of Dom Rodrigo de Mello (1688–1713), second child of Nuno Álvares Pereira de Melo, 1st Duke of Cadaval  and of Ana Maria Catarina Henriqueta de Lorena, 1st Duchess of Abrantes.

Biography

On 22 December 1726, Maria Margarida married her uncle, Joaquim Francisco de Sá Almeida e Menezes, 2nd Marquis of Abrantes (her mother's younger brother), who died in 1756.

King Joseph I of Portugal elevated the dowager marchioness to the title and degree of Duchess of Abrantes vitalício (by Royal Decree of 1757) upon her appointment as the Queen's Mistress of the Robes (Camareira-Môr ). This was the highest position in the Portuguese court for a lady, and one which her mother previously held.

On 20 February 1757, she married secondly João da Bemposta, natural son of the Infante Francisco, and her husband was raised to the style and degree of duke on 18 May 1757.

When her mother, the Duchess Ana Maria, died in 1765, Maria Margarida succeeded to her hereditary titles as 4th Marchioness of Abrantes and 10th Countess of Penaguião.

Maria Margarida had no issue from either marriage, and her hereditary titles devolved upon her 2nd cousin Pedro de Lancastre da Silveira de Castelo-Branco Sá e Menezes (1762–1828), 7th Count of Vila Nova de Portimão.

See also
 Dukedoms in Portugal
 Marquis of Abrantes
 Count of Penaguião

Bibliography
"Nobreza de Portugal e do Brasil" – Vol. II, page 206. Published by Zairol Lda., Lisbon 1989.

Notes

External links
 Genealogy of Maria Margarida de Lorena, Duchess of Abrantes

1713 births
1780 deaths
Portuguese nobility
202
18th-century Portuguese people
Portuguese ladies-in-waiting


Neale, James, Fordyce and Down was a London banking house, established in 1757 by Henry Neale (1713 - 1773), William James, Alexander Fordyce and Richard Down (1734 - 1814). Its collapse in June 1772 precipitated a major banking crisis which included the collapse of almost every private bank in Scotland, and a liquidity crisis in the two major banking centres of the world, London and Amsterdam.  The bank had been speculating by shorting East India Company stock on a massive scale, and apparently using customer deposits to cover losses.

The leading figure in the speculation was agreed to be the partner Alexander Fordyce. He was Scottish, brother of James Fordyce, the distinguished clergyman and author of Sermons to Young Women, and was married to a daughter of the Earl of Balcarres.  On June 9 1772, the day before he fled to France, he was reported to have come home in wild spirits, saying that he had "always told the wary ones, ‘and the wise ones, with heads of a chicken and claws of a corbie, that I would be a man or a mouse; and this night this very night the die is cast, and I am . . . am . . . A man!  Bring Champaign; and Butler, Burgundy below! let tonight live for ever! . . . Alexander is a man.’"

The next day his bank had to close, and two days later, three other London banking firms with Scottish connections collapsed, and in the twelve days after Fordyce fled, 22 significant banks, notably the Scottish Douglas, Heron & Co known as the Ayr Bank, and many smaller ones all stopped payments, never to resume. In London the Bank of England was able to stabilize the situation, but attempts in London to save the situation in Scotland failed.  There were one-day runs on Drummonds Bank and Coutts, which they were able to cover and survive.  The Scottish banks, especially those in Edinburgh rather than Glasgow, had mostly been borrowing from the Ayr Bank, partly to finance the building of the New Town, Edinburgh. Others hit by the collapse included the Scottish architect John Adam and his younger brothers Robert and James Adam, who were in the middle of their ambitious Adelphi, London scheme, and had to lay off two thousand workmen for a week.

The liquidity crisis spread to the next most important banking centre in Europe, Amsterdam, where Clifford and Sons went bankrupt, and the Amsterdam market was only steadied by the formation of a "cooperative fund" among the other banking houses of the city.   The liquidity situation continued to be a problem into 1773.

The crisis has also been seen as worsening relations between Britain and the Thirteen Colonies in America.  Among other stresses, the East India Company, already in financial difficulties, was further weakened by the crisis, and in 1773 managed to persuade Parliament to pass the Tea Act, exempting it from the duty all other importers in the colonies had to pay. The unpopularity of this led to the Boston Tea Party at the end of the year.

According to a sermon of 1775, Alexander Fordyce:
 had a mind not ill-formed for commerce, and from his early success in it was enabled, though of an obscure original, to live respectably. If his views had extended no farther, it would have been well, but his ambition was unbounded. the revenue of a kingdom would hardly have sufficed to have executed his schemes. He seemed bent on engrossing the trade of the whole world. Large sums were borrowed of one and of another. His friends advanced liberally, and so high was his reputation, that they had no doubt of their effects being secure. But the event proved that they were wretchedly deceived. His affairs were embarrassed, his difficulties increased, and at length grew inextricable; a total stoppage ensued; the issue of a commission of bankruptcy, by some chicanery, was prevented; and but a small part of his enormous debts hath been paid to this very hour. I shall not pretend to enumerate the many families which by his means sunk into distress. His fall was like the fall of a towering structure which overwhelms numbers with its ruins. It deserves, however, particular mention, that the news of his failure despatched one brother to the regions of the dead, and, which is yet more lamentable, drove another into a state of insanity.

Notes

References

"Memoirs" - Sir William Forbes, 6th Baronet, Memoirs of a Banking-House, 1860 (written by (?) 1803), online text, see pp. 39-44 for a detailed account

Defunct banks of the United Kingdom
Financial crises
Banks established in 1757
Banks disestablished in 1772
1772 in England
1772 in Scotland
Financial services companies based in London
1757 establishments in England
British companies disestablished in 1772
British companies established in 1757


Jacques-Philippe Rhéaume (May 1, 1818 – April 26, 1891) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Québec-Est in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to 1873 as a Conservative.

He was born in Notre-Dame de Québec, Lower Canada, the son of Jacques Rhéaume and Charlotte Jacques, was educated at the Séminaire de Québec and was admitted to the Lower Canada bar in 1840. In 1844, he married Euphémie Gagnon. He was a founder of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society at Quebec City. Rhéaume served as a member of the municipal council for Quebec City from 1847 to 1861. He resigned his seat in the Quebec assembly in 1873 after he was named an agent for the Seigneurial Commission. Rhéaume was an unsuccessful candidate for a seat in the House of Commons in 1882, losing to Sir Wilfrid Laurier. He died at Quebec City at the age of 72.

References

1818 births
1891 deaths
Candidates in the 1882 Canadian federal election
Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs


The 2009 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 85th season in the Australian Football League and 108th overall. Hawthorn entered the season as the defending AFL Premiers

Playing list changes

Draft

AFL draft

Rookie draft

Retirements and delistings

2009 Player squad

Schedule

NAB Cup

Premiership Season

Ladder

References

External links
 Official website of the Hawthorn Football Club
 Official website of the Australian Football League

2009 in Australian rules football
2009
2009 Australian Football League season


Janolidae is a family of sea slugs, nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs, in the clade Euthyneura.

Genera
Genera in the family Janolidae include:
 Antiopella Hoyle, 1902
 Bonisa Gosliner, 1981
 Galeojanolus Miller, 1971
 Janolus Bergh, 1884
Genera brought into synonymy
 Janus Vérany, 1844: synonym of Janolus Bergh, 1884

References

Nudibranchia
Gastropod families


The Guerin d'Oro (Golden Guerin) was an annual award which was handed out by the Italian magazine Guerin Sportivo to the best Serie A football player.

The first winner of the award was Claudio Sala, while the last was Carlos Tevez.

History and regulations
Established 1976, the Guerin d'Oro was awarded to the player in Serie A with at least 19 games played, which had obtained the best average-media rating. The latter was obtained by calculating the average rating of each player's season, based on weekly rating reports of Guerin Sportivo and the three main Italian sports dailies: La Gazzetta dello Sport, Corriere dello Sport, and Tuttosport.

The award was suspended during the 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons and discontinued after the 2014–15 season.

Winners

See also
 Gran Galà del Calcio
 Serie A Awards
 Serie A Footballer of the Year

References

External links
 Guerin Sportivo official website
 Guerin d'Oro at RSSSF.com

Association football trophies and awards
Italian football trophies and awards
Awards established in 1976


was a Japanese artist and Olympic bronze medalist.

He was born in Hōhoku, which is now a part of Shimonoseki city in Yamaguchi prefecture. He studied under artists Kyūho Noda and Hokkai Takashima. His works have received accolades from the Institute of Japanese Style Painting, Seiryū Shaten, and the Bunten Exhibition. In 1934 he established the Shin Nihonga Kenkyūkai with other artists such as Kenji Yoshioka.

In 1936, he won a bronze medal in the painting category in the art competitions at the Berlin Games for his "アイスホッケー" ("Ice hockey"). The piece was later purchased by the Nazi Party, after which its whereabouts became unknown.

In 1938, he established the Shin Bijutsujin Kyoukai. Afterward, he moved to Kitakyushu city in Fukuoka prefecture, and continued producing work. He also worked as a lecturer at Saga University.

References

1907 births
1965 deaths
Japanese artists
Olympic bronze medalists in art competitions
People from Shimonoseki
Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Olympic competitors in art competitions


The Battle of Leuven or Battle of Boutersem was a battle of the Ten Days' Campaign during the Belgian Revolution. The battle took place on 12 August and officially ended on 13 August 1831. The Dutch army defeated the Belgian rebels, but were forced to withdraw in order to avoid war with France, as a large French army under Maréchal Gérard had crossed the border to support the Belgian rebels. They concluded a truce with the Belgians, allowing them to take the city for a few hours on 13 August.

The Battle
On 12 August 1831 Prince William II at the head of the Dutch army reached the outskirts of Leuven, where Leopold I had established his headquarters. A battle broke out in which the Belgians were pushed back over the Dijle and the Dutch took the Ijzerenberg in Herent.

Then, William learned that a French army of 70,000 under Marshal Gérard had crossed the border to aid the Belgians. In order to avoid a war with France, Prince William concluded a truce with the Belgians at Pellenberg. Fighting continued for a short time, but at 16.30 on 13 August the campaign ended.

On 13 August, as agreed in the truce, the Dutch were allowed to symbolically occupy the city under the leadership of princes William and Frederick. The princes walked through the city and drank a beer in a local inn. On 14 August the Dutch pulled back. The last Dutch troops withdrew on 20 August.

References

Belgian Revolution
Ten Days' Campaign
Leuven
Battles involving Belgium
Conflicts in 1831
Battle of Leuven (1831)
1831 in Belgium
August 1831 events
Leopold I of Belgium


Marble Saga: Kororinpa is a video game for Nintendo's Wii video game console. It was released in North America on March 17, 2009, roughly two years after the original title Kororinpa: Marble Mania. The game was released in PAL regions under the title Marbles! Balance Challenge and in Japan as .

The game sets players on a journey to help Anthony the Ant on his quest to find the Golden Sunflower. Players must navigate their customized marble through unique and treacherous mazes to help Anthony reach his goal. The game utilizes the same world-turning technique as the first, requiring players to twist and turn the Wii Remote to control the environment.

Gameplay
In Marble Saga: Kororinpa, the player tilts the playing field, using the Wii Remote to navigate a spherical object around mazes to reach the end goal, similar to Kororinpa: Marble Mania, the preceding title. Players have also drawn similarities to the Super Monkey Ball series. Some mazes cause the player to tilt them in such a way so that a wall becomes a floor, or to interact with objects such as magnets, conveyor belts, or cannons. Depending on the difficulty level, different collectibles are available in each level. On all difficulty settings, players must collect the Yellow Crystals to complete the level. In Easy and Normal Mode, players must also collect the Stump Temple Pieces in order to unlock the game's final world. Also in Normal Mode, players can collect Green Emeralds which unlock secrets, such as new marbles or Junk for use in creation of new level editor parts. In the highest difficulty setting, players must retrieve the Colony's missing ants from each level. In addition to the collectibles, players may be awarded with bronze, silver, gold, or platinum trophies for completing levels within a predetermined amount of time. Obtaining these trophies also unlocks new balls.

The game features 7 different worlds with a variety of gadgets to help players through their journey. The game features 150+ levels with a variety of collectibles available in each mode including Yellow Crystals, Green Emeralds, Stump Temple Pieces, and eventually ants from Anthony's colony. New features for Marble Saga: Kororinpa include increased customization elements in the game. Players can design their own marble by assigning it certain attributes and techniques, and they can even place their own Mii inside the marble. A brand-new level editor has been included, allowing players to share their creations through WiiConnect24.

References

External links
Official Japanese Wii website

2009 video games
Hudson Soft games
Konami games
Puzzle video games
Wii-only games
Wii games
Wii Balance Board games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection games
Video game sequels
Marble video games
Video games developed in Japan


The Battle of Hasselt  was fought on 8 August 1831 during the Ten Days' Campaign. It was an important defeat for the outnumbered Belgian Army of the Meuse and a victory for the Dutch invasion force.

Battle
The Dutch planned to encircle the Belgians with three divisions with no option to retreat because doing so would leave the Dutch city Maastricht undefended for a possible Belgian counterattack.

The Belgians, outnumbered and with little to no artillery, misled one of the Dutch divisions by spending too much time in attacking the small town of Kuringen just outside Hasselt and left a small force behind in Hasselt to buy some time and cover their retreat to Tongeren. During this retreat they were under constant attack of the chasing Dutch cavalry. At Kortessem the Belgians put up a few artillery guns and the Dutch ended the chase leaving the Meuse army in a state of chaos, the remaining rebels fled to Liège escaping the pocket the Dutch tried to enforce.

The Dutch took about 400 prisoners. The rebels suffered heavy casualties while the Dutch losses were said to be very small but numbers are unknown.

References

Sources
 Kolenbrander, H.T. (1936) De afscheiding van België, Amsterdam: J.M. Meulenhoff.
 Nater, J.H. (1980), De tiendaagse veldtocht; de Belgische opstand 1830/1831, Bussum: Unieboek b.v.

Hasselt
Hasselt
Hasselt
Ten Days' Campaign
Hasselt
1831 in Belgium
1831 in the Netherlands
August 1831 events
Battle
Hasselt


Rajapeta is a historic location, popularly known as Samsthan Rajapeta. This town has one of the popular forts of Indian state of Telangana located in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district. Rajapeta, also known as the 'Southern Gateway' of Telangana, is unique in the state. The state is one of the most famous princely states. It is located at a distance of about 20 km from Yadagiri Gutta, a famous shrine in the Yadadri-Bhuvanagiri district. Here we can still see the forts of the Kakatiya period. Although the historical monuments of Rajapeta are in ruins, we can still see many things as living testimonies. Rajapeta Sansthan is one of the 14 princely states of Hyderabad during the Nizam's rule. The area has a history of 250 years. Many historic buildings, buildings, glass mounds, gardens, soldiers' parades and wide roads can still be seen here.

References

Villages in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district
Mandal headquarters in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district


The Women's Sprint was one of the 8 women's events at the 2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, held in Manchester, United Kingdom.

28 cyclists from 18 countries were due to participate in the contest, but two riders did not start. After the qualifying heats, the fastest 24 riders were to advance to the 1/16 finals, therefore all riders who contested the qualification advanced to the next round.

The first rider in each of the 12 heats advanced to the second round. There was no repechage for this round.

The first rider from each of the six Second Round heats advanced to the Quarterfinals and the second placed riders from a repechage to determine the other two riders that competed in the quarterfinals.

The quarterfinals turned out to be quite eventful, as Simona Krupeckaitė was relegated in her first match sprint against Willy Kanis when she failed to hold her line in the last 200 metres but won the next two matches to go through to the semifinals. Guo Shuang was also relegated in her second match sprint against Clara Sanchez when she entered the sprinter's lane when the opponent was already there. Lisandra Guerra also received a warning for dangerous riding in the final bend. The first rider in each quarterfinal advanced to the semifinals and the 4 losing athletes faced a race for 5th-8th place.

The qualifying, first round, second round, second round repechages and quarterfinals took place on 28 March. The Semifinals and Finals took place on 29 March.

World record

Qualification

1/16 Finals

1/8 Finals

1/8 Finals Repechage

Quarterfinals

Race for 5th to 8th places

Semifinals

Finals

References

Women's sprint
UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's sprint


No Better Than This is the 21st album by American singer-songwriter and musician John Mellencamp. Produced by T Bone Burnett, the album was released on August 17, 2010. It was recorded at several historic locations throughout the United States. The title track was the album's first single and was sent to multiple radio formats on June 28, 2010.

Mellencamp said that the album is "as American folk as I've ever been". He also told Rolling Stone in July 2009 that he is not concerned whether or not there's a large audience for such a raw, simple record. "I am done being a rock star", Mellencamp said. "I have no interest in that, in having the biggest concerts. I have only one interest: to have fun while we're doing this and maybe have something that somebody might discover."

Rolling Stone placed No Better Than This at No. 12 on its list of the best albums of 2010.

Recording and production
Mellencamp wrote over 30 songs for potential inclusion on the album but only 13 made the final cut. He debuted the first of those, "Save Some Time to Dream", on May 17, 2009, at a political fundraiser for President Barack Obama at the Westin Hotel in downtown Indianapolis. "It's about individual freedom and thought—and controlling our own lives", Mellencamp said of "Save Some Time to Dream", which he performed solo on acoustic guitar throughout much of his 2009 summer tour with Bob Dylan and Willie Nelson.

During breaks on the Nelson/Dylan tour, Mellencamp recorded No Better Than This at historic locations, such as the First African Baptist Church in Savannah, Georgia, as well as at the historic Sun Studios in Memphis and the Sheraton Gunter Hotel in San Antonio, where blues pioneer Robert Johnson recorded blues staples such as "Sweet Home Chicago" and "Cross Road Blues". Mellencamp recorded the album using a 1955 Ampex portable recording machine and only one microphone, requiring all the musicians to gather together around the mic. The album was recorded in mono, the same manner as the classic folk and blues recordings of the 1930s and 1940s.

Mellencamp wrote one song specifically for Room 414 at the Gunter Hotel, which is the exact room where Johnson recorded in November 1936. He told the San Antonio Express-News, "It's called 'Right Behind Me' or 'Right Behind Us,' I haven't decided yet. I wrote it just for this room. I could have done this in my studio. But I want to do it this way, and if I can't do what I want at this point, I'm not going to do it. If it's not fun, I'm not going to do it. I'm through digging a ditch".

"John is a really great singer and I'm always happy working with him in any environment", T Bone Burnett told the Express-News. "The fact he chose these historic locations is a big plus. The stories that have come out of the sessions are extraordinary. The First African Baptist Church was started in 1775. It was an important stop on the Underground Railroad and central to the civil rights movement. Sun Studio, from a completely different angle, was also important to the civil rights movement and, from another angle, so were Robert Johnson's recordings at the Gunter."

During Mellencamp's session at Sun Studios in late July 2009, he recorded several songs including "Each Day of Sorrow", "No One Cares About Me", "The West End", and "Easter Eve", which Rolling Stone magazine's David Fricke compared to "one of Bob Dylan's talking blues". Regarding this session, Mellencamp told the magazine, "[T Bone] and I were laughing. We got five songs here last night. We asked ourselves, 'What the fuck were we doing in the 70s and 80s, spending days and days on a drum sound, when it was all right here the whole time?'"

"Everything was set up exactly as Johnny Cash and Elvis Presley recorded. They had 'X' marks made with electrical tape on the floor where Elvis and his musicians stood and where the instruments were placed, because Sam Philips walked around the room and decided where everything sounded best".

Mellencamp wanted to record at the now-derelict Brunswick Records Building in Dallas, where Robert Johnson cut his final sessions in 1937, but the current owner of the building denied him permission to record there.

As for the organic recording process of the album, Mellencamp says it's unique for this day and age. "The same mic I was singing into is the same mic that recorded the drums at the same time," Mellencamp said on his website. "And everything was cut live with no overdubs or studio nothing! These are real songs being performed by real musicians—an unheard-of process in today's world. Real music, for real people!"

Mellencamp has said in interviews to promote the album that the song "The West End" is not about a certain part of town but rather about America, which is the west end of the world.

Promotion and release
The album was released on August 17, 2010, on the Rounder Records label.

Mellencamp gave the first live performance of the song "Save Some Time to Dream" for a concert audience on July 10, 2009, in Dayton, Ohio. He subsequently performed the song at several other concerts, including Farm Aid 2009 and a tribute to Myles Brand at Conseco Fieldhouse. He has also completed a painting entitled "Save Some Time to Dream".

In October 2009, it was announced that a song recorded during the sessions for the album, entitled "Someday the Rains Will Fall", would be featured in an episode of NCIS and would appear on the album NCIS: The Official TV Soundtrack – Vol. 2. "Someday the Rains Will Fall" is not included on No Better Than This, but it is found on Mellencamp's four-disc box set, On the Rural Route 7609.

The album's first single, "No Better Than This", was released to radio stations on June 28, 2010.

Film
Mellencamp's 2009 summer tour of minor league baseball parks with Willie Nelson and Bob Dylan and the recording sessions for this album were filmed by renowned photographer Kurt Markus, who released a documentary titled John Mellencamp: It's About You that premiered in New York City and Los Angeles in January 2012 and was released on DVD and Blu-ray in June 2012.  "It's not about me but about Kurt being with me—which is a whole different slant than these kinds of movies usually have", Mellencamp said. Markus had previously directed the music video for Mellencamp's 2001 single "Peaceful World". Mellencamp showed "It's About You" before his performance each night during his 2010–2011 No Better Than This theater tour, which began on October 29, 2010, in his hometown of Bloomington, Indiana.

Track listing
All songs written by John Mellencamp.
"Save Some Time to Dream" – 4:30
"The West End" – 3:58
"Right Behind Me" – 4:00
"A Graceful Fall" – 3:20
"No Better Than This" – 3:12
"Thinking About You" – 3:28
"Coming Down the Road" – 4:45
"No One Cares About Me" – 6:11
"Love at First Sight" – 4:37
"Don't Forget About Me" – 3:14
"Each Day of Sorrow" – 2:36
"Easter Eve" – 6:30
"Clumsy Ol' World" – 3:29

Personnel
John Mellencamp – vocals and acoustic guitar
Andy York – acoustic and electric guitars
Marc Ribot – electric guitar and banjo
T Bone Burnett – acoustic and electric guitars
David Roe – bass
Jay Bellerose – drums and percussion
Miriam Sturm – violin

Charts

References

External links

John Mellencamp albums
2010 albums
Albums recorded at Sun Studio
Rounder Records albums
Albums produced by T Bone Burnett


Re Tottenham Hotspur plc [1994] 1 BCLC 655 is a UK company law case concerning unfair prejudice under s 459 of the Companies Act 1985, now s 994 Companies Act 2006.

Facts
In 1993 both Mr Alan Sugar and Mr Terry Venables had a 50-50 interest in Tottenham Hotspur plc. They agreed Mr Sugar would be the chairman and Mr Venables would be the chief executive. Subsequently, there was a rights issue. 48% of Tottenham Hotspur plc's shares were held by Amshold Ltd by Mr Sugar. 23% were controlled by Mr Venables through Edennote plc. Mr Sugar had a majority of voting shares. Mr Sugar and Mr Venables fell out. Mr Venables was removed from his position as chief executive through a majority vote on the board of directors. Mr Venables, through Edennote plc began a s 459 petition, on the basis that both had been under agreement from 1991 that he would participate in management, and that Mr Sugar had breached this agreement by taking control of the company. Edennote alleged that it had a legitimate expectation that Mr Venables would participate in the affairs of the company on the basis of shared control even after the rights issue.

Judgment

See also
Re Blue Arrow plc [1987] BCLC 585
Fulham Football Club Ltd v Cabra Estates plc

Notes

United Kingdom company case law
1993 in United Kingdom case law
Tottenham Hotspur F.C.


Lieutenant-General Robert Balfour of Balbirnie (3 May 1772 – 31 October 1837) was a son of John Balfour of Balbirnie and Mary Gordon, daughter of James Gordon of Ellon. He was an officer in the 2nd Dragoons and the Fife Light Horse. His younger brother James (died 1845) was an MP and grandfather of Arthur Balfour, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1903 to 1905.

Military career
Captain on 9 July 1793 in the 2nd Dragoons
Major in the Army on 1 January 1798 and Major in the 2nd Dragoons, 3 April 1801
Lieutenant-Colonel in the Army on 25 September 1803; Lieutenant-Colonel in the 2nd Dragoons on 22 August 1805
Colonel in the Army on 1 January 1812
Major-General on 4 June 1814
Honorary Colonel of the Fife Light Horse in 1831 until his death in 1837

While Lieutenant-Colonel of the 2nd Dragoons, he was, for the misconstruction of a regulation, subjected to a court-martial, and sentenced to be cashiered; the Prince Regent confirmed the sentence, but immediately after restored him to the functions of his commission, neither dishonorable or unworthy motives appearing in the charges preferred and established against him.

Balbirnie House and estate

When not living at his London residence of 14 Carlton House Terrace, General Balfour spent much of his time in Fife, Scotland.

He inherited Balbirnie House in Glenrothes from his father John Balfour and it had been in the family since the 1640s. General Balfour was heavily involved in the adaptation of Balbirnie House into a grand country mansion and expansion of its lands, including the acquisition of the Forthar estate from Dr David Pitcairn in 1830.

The present mansion is largely unchanged from General Balfour's works in 1815 which incorporated much of the earlier house at its north end. The architect was Richard Crichton who added the new apartments to the south of the old house and designed the two new grand neo-classical facades.

General Balfour extend the landscaped garden and moved the roads on the estate. These improvements were funded partly by increased estate rentals and income from coal mining but also from the General's share of a large inheritance from his aunt which is reputed also to have funded his two brothers' new houses and landscaping at Whittingehame and Newton Don. General Balfour was succeeded by his son John in 1837 who continued to enlarge the estate.

Family
He married, on 8 August 1808, Eglantyne Katherine Fordyce (d 9 Jan 1851), who was the daughter of John Fordyce of Ayton. General Balfour had four sons and three daughters:

 Colonel John Balfour, 7th of Balbirnie (1811–1895)
 Katherine Jane Balfour (1812–1864), diarist and artist, married the Scottish politician Edward Ellice
 Captain Charles James Balfour (1814 – 3 February 1878)
 Major Robert William Balfour (1817–1854)
 Eglantine Charlotte Louisa Balfour (1819 – 18 April 1907), married in March 1853 to Robert Ellice, son of Eliza Courtney
 Elizabeth Anne Balfour (1820 – 10 August 1889), married on 1 November 1842 to the Rt. Hon. Edward Pleydell-Bouverie, second son of William Pleydell-Bouverie, 3rd Earl of Radnor
 George Gordon Balfour (1821–1901)

References

1772 births
1837 deaths
British Army lieutenant generals
Fife and Forfar Yeomanry officers
2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays) officers
Robert


Kwiatkówek may refer to the following places in Poland:
Kwiatkówek, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
Kwiatkówek, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)


The Paths of King Nikola was a road bicycle race held annually in Montenegro. The name is a reference to King Nikola I (1841–1921), the ruler of the Principality of Montenegro. The first edition was in 2002; since 2005, it is organized as a 2.2 event on the UCI Europe Tour.

Winners

External links
 2009 The Paths of King Nikola

References

UCI Europe Tour races
Cycle races in Montenegro
Recurring sporting events established in 2002
2002 establishments in Montenegro
Spring (season) events in Montenegro
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2011


The James Cook Observatory, or just Cook Observatory was the most eastern astronomical observatory in the world. It was located on Titirangi (Kaiti Hill), Gisborne, North Island, New Zealand. It was named after Captain James Cook. In 2019 it was knocked down due to its structure not being safe.

References

Astronomical observatories in New Zealand
Buildings and structures in the Gisborne District


Francesco Illy () (7 October 1892 – 1956) was a Hungarian accountant, bookkeeper, businessman, philanthropist. He founded Illy and invented various coffee machinery.

Biography

Illy was born to a middle-class family in Temesvár, Kingdom of Hungary. His father, János Illy, was a Hungarian carpenter. His mother, Aloisia Rössler, was Danube Swabian. He studied economics in Temesvár. After secondary school, he moved to Vienna, where he worked for two big Transylvanian companies. At the age of 22, he was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army, and served from 1914 at almost every front of the First World War, including at the Battle of Kraśnik and the Battles of the Isonzo.

After the war and the Treaty of Trianon, he stayed with his sister in Trieste, where he soon married a Triestine woman. He found work with companies dealing with cocoa and coffee roasting. He later invented his own method for maintaining the quality of freshly roasted coffee, so it could be delivered to other locations rather than roasting it on site. He formed a partnership with the local coffee manufacturers Hausbrandt.

In 1933 Illy founded illycaffè, which invented the first automatic coffee machine that substituted pressurized water for steam. The Illetta became the predecessor of today's espresso machine.

His son, the food chemist Ernesto Illy (1925–2008) took over the management of the coffee company, which is now in the hands of the third generation Illys.

References

Italian people of Hungarian descent
Hungarian inventors
20th-century Italian businesspeople
Businesspeople in coffee
Businesspeople from Trieste
Businesspeople from Timișoara
1892 births
1956 deaths
People from Austria-Hungary
Hungarian industrialists
Hungarian chief executives
20th-century Hungarian businesspeople
Illycaffè
Engineers from Trieste
20th-century Italian inventors
Inventors from Austria-Hungary
20th-century Hungarian inventors


WCED may refer to:

 Radio station WCED ("News/Talk 1420 WCED") in DuBois, Pennsylvania.
 The World Commission on Environment and Development, commonly known as the Brundtland Commission.
 The Western Cape Education Department, a government department in the Western Cape province of South Africa.
~


The Culture and Sport Ministry (, Misrad HaTarbut VeHaSport; , Wizarat al-Thaqafat wa al-Riyada) is a government ministry in Israel.

Culture and sport had been part of other ministerial portfolios for many years; between 1949 and 1999, and again from 2003 until 2006, culture was part of the Education portfolio. Similarly, sport was part of the Education portfolio between 1994 and 1999 and 2003 and 2006. Both culture and sport were combined with the Science and Technology portfolio between 2006 and 2009, before being split into a separate post upon the formation of a new government in March 2009.

List of ministers

References

External links
Ministry of Culture and Sport

Culture
Ministry of Culture and Sport
Culture


Patricia Robins (1 February 1921 – 4 December 2016) was a British writer of short stories and over 80 novels mainly romances from 1934 to 2016, she also signed under the pseudonym Claire Lorrimer, she had sold more than ten million copies. She served as Women's Auxiliary Air Force officer during World War II tracking Nazi bombers.

Robins came from an artistic family. Her mother was the popular romance writer Denise Robins, who sold more than one hundred million copies and was the first president of the Romantic Novelists' Association (1960–1966). Her maternal grandmother was the writer K. C. Groom and her maternal grandfather was Herman Klein, a musician. Her maternal uncle was Adrian Cornwell-Clyne, who wrote books on photography and cinematography, another uncle was an artist, as is her daughter.

Biography
Patricia Denise Robins was born on 1 February 1921 in Hove, Sussex, England, the second daughter of Arthur Robins, a corn broker on the Baltic Exchange and Denise Robins, a prolific author, who sold more than one hundred million copies, and the first president of the Romantic Novelists' Association (1960–1966). She had two sisters, Eve Louise and Anne Eleanor. She was educated at Parents' National Educational Union at Burgess Hill, Sussex, and also in Switzerland and Germany.

Her mother encouraged her to write, and at 12 she published her first children's novella in 1934. She worked as junior editor in a woman's magazine editorial and published short stories.

Thanks to her knowledge of German, she served as Women's Auxiliary Air Force officer during World War II. She tracked Nazi bombers with the fledgling British radar system in a top-secret RAF filter room. Not until 2013 did she receive recognition, due to the confidential nature of her work.

During the war she also went on to write contemporary romance novels like her mother, she also published some children's stories.

In 1947, she married former RAF pilot Donald Clark, they had three children, Ian, Nicky and Graeme. Because her husband's job, the family lived in many countries, including Libya. After their divorce, she started a relation with Mel Hack and moved to 400-year-old former barn in rural Kent.

In the 1967 she started to use the pseudonym Claire Lorrimer to write Gothic romances, and later family sagas. Some of her early novels were reedited under different titles and as Clare Lorrimer.

In her late years, she devoted more time to her eight grandchildren, Emily, Jemma, Polly, Charlotte, Thomas, Arthur, Max and Tilly, but she continued writing until her death.

In 2007, she published her autobiography You Never Know as Claire Lorrimer.

In March 2016, she was given the Outstanding Achievement Award at the Romantic Novelists' Association. She died on 4 December 2016 in Hove.

Bibliography
Some of her novels have been reedited under different titles or as Clare Lorrimer.

As Patricia Robins

Children's books

Single titles
The Adventures of the Three Baby Bunnies (1934)
The Heart of a Rose (1947)
The One Hundred Pound Reward (1966)

Peter and Angela Series
Tree Fairies (1945)
Sea Magic (1946)

Romance Novels

Single titles
To the Stars (1944)
See No Evil (1945)
Awake My Heart (1950)
Beneath the Moon (1951) aka The Legend
Leave My Heart Alone (1951) aka An Open Door
The Fair Deal (1952)
So This Is Love (1953)
Heaven in Our Hearts (1954)
One Who Cares (1954)
Love Cannot Die (1955) aka Never Say Goodbye
The Foolish Heart (1956)
Give All to Love (1956) aka For Always
Where Duty Lies (1957)
He Is Mine (1957) aka The Faithful Heart
Love Must Wait (1958)
Lonely Quest (1959) aka The Search for Love
Lady Chatterley's Daughter (1961) aka Connie's Daughter
The Last Chance (1961)
Seven Loves (1962) aka Fulfilment
The Long Wait (1962)
The Runaways (1962)
With All My Love (1963)
The Constant Heart (1964)
Any Time at All (1964)
The Night Is Thine (1964)
Second Love (1964) aka Second Chance
No More Loving (1965)
Topaz Island (1965)
There Is But One (1965)
The Uncertain Joy (1966)
Love Me Tomorrow (1966)
The Man Behind the Mask (1967) aka Forever
Sapphire in the sand (1967)
Forbidden (1967)
Return to Love (1968)
No Stone Unturned (1969)
Laugh on Friday (1969)
Under the Sky (1970) aka Beneath the Sun
Cinnabar House (1970)
The Crimson Tapestry (1971) aka The Woven Thread
Play Fair with Love (1972)
None But He (1973)
Forsaken (re-edition)

Bainbury Saga
Three Loves (1949) aka The Reunion
Heart's Desire (1953) aka The Reckoning

As Claire Lorrimer

Single novels

Gothic Romance
A Voice in the Dark (1967)
The Shadow Falls (1974)
The Secret of Quarry House (1976)
Relentless Storm (1979)

Women of Fire Saga
Mavreen (1976) aka Scarlett
Tamarisk (1978) aka Antoinette
Chantal (1980)

Rochford Trilogy
The Chatelaine (1978)
The Wilderling (1982)
Fool's Curtain (1994)

Short story
The Garden (1980)

Historical Novels
Last Year's Nightingale (1984)
Frost in the Sun (1986)
The Spinning Wheel (1991)
The Silver Link (1993)
Deception (2003)
Troubled Waters (2004)
Truth to Tell (2007)
Obsession (2013)
Georgia (2013)
Live the Dream (2016)

Ortolans
Ortolans (1990)
Eleanor (1994)
Sophia (1994)
Emma (1994)

Mavreen (Audio)
The Full Moon (1995)
Harvest Moon (1995)
The New Moon (1995)

Tamarisk (Audio)
The Fledgling (1996)
The Skylark (1996)

Murder Mysteries
Over My Dead Body (2003)
Dead Centre (2005)
Infatuation (2007)
Dead Reckoning (2009)
Trust Me (2015)

Collections
Variations: The Snake Belt / One in Three / The WhiteDoves / The Angel and the Witch or Miss Tansley's Easter Play / Trust Me / Once a Year / Goat's Loose / The Patient in Number Twenty-Two / Comfortand Joy / Two Sides to a Coin / Old Toys Wanted / A True Story / PoorLittle Rich Girl / Progress / The Garden (1991)
Emotions (2008)

Non-fiction
House of Tomorrow (Biography) (1987)
You Never Know (Autobiography) (2007)

References and sources

1921 births
2016 deaths
English people of Latvian-Jewish descent
20th-century English novelists
21st-century English novelists
English women novelists
English romantic fiction writers
20th-century pseudonymous writers
21st-century pseudonymous writers
Pseudonymous women writers
People from Hove


Mark Tungate is a British writer based in Paris, France. He is the author of Media Monoliths: How Media Brands Thrive and Survive (2004), Fashion Brands: Branding Style From Armani to Zara (2005, Third Edition 2012), Adland: A Global History of Advertising (2007, Second Edition 2013, listed among the best business books of 2007 by Library Journal), Branded Male: Marketing to Men (2008), Luxury World: The Past, Present and Future of Luxury Brands (2009), Branded Beauty: How Marketing Changed the Way We Look (2011), and The Escape Industry: How Iconic and Innovative Brands Built the Travel Business (2017), all published by Kogan Page. Tungate also collaborated with Renzo Rosso, the founder of clothing company Diesel S.p.A., on the book Fifty (Gestalten Verlag, 2006), about Rosso's life and the Diesel brand. The graphic design was by Barcelona-based creative collective Vasava.

References
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110716220702/http://www.theadvertisingshow.com/en/art/1161/
 https://web.archive.org/web/20071103103108/http://brandchannel.com/books_reviews.asp?sb_id=598
 http://adage.com/bookstore/post?article_id=120205
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110607133003/http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6539330.html?q=Adland
 http://www.nysun.com/business/different-methods-marketers-use-to-lure-men/75719/
 http://www.shift.jp.org/en/archives/2006/02/fifty_by_diesel.html

Year of birth missing (living people)
British writers
Living people


Ricardo González Alfonso  (born 1950) is a Cuban journalist. He was arrested in March 2003, and sentenced to 20 years in jail. Reporters Without Borders named González its Reporter of the Year in 2008.

Background
Ricardo González Alfonso was born in 1950. By 1995, González had begun working for Cuba Press, an independent news agency, and by 1998 had become a correspondent for Reporters Without Borders. He also published stories on everyday life in Cuba for foreign outlets.

In addition to his journalism, González published a volume of poetry, Hombres sin Rostros (Men Without Faces). and worked as a scriptwriter for the state television station Televisión Cubana.

Imprisonment
In 2003, González was arrested at his home on the first day of the national press crackdown that would later be called the Black Spring. Cuban authorities accused him of being "in the pay of the United States" and "undermining Cuba's independence and territorial integrity", and he received a twenty-year prison term. Amnesty International named him a prisoner of conscience and called for his immediate release.

In 2009, he was reported to be in deteriorating health while held in an isolation cell.

In a deal brokered between the Government of Cuba and the Roman Catholic Church, González and 51 other "Black Spring" political prisoners and their families were released and sent to Spain. González and 6 other released prisoners arrived in Spain on July 13, 2010. Upon his arrival in Spain, González said "This is a continuation of the fight".

Awards
González Alfonso founded the newsmagazine De Cuba, which received a special citation from the Maria Moors Cabot prize of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism for "outstanding reporting on Latin America".

In 2008, Reporters Without Borders named González "Reporter of the Year" for 2008, citing him "for helping an independent press to survive in Cuba". Although in prison, González was able to send a message to his wife, journalist Alida de Jesús Viso Bello. The message was read at the award ceremony by Alejandro Gonzalez, a friend and colleague of González Alfonso. González Alfonso dedicated the award to 22 reporters jailed in Cuba.

References

1950 births
Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Cuba
Cuban journalists
Cuban male journalists
Living people
Cuban prisoners and detainees


The Academic Law Institute (; translit: Akademichiskii Pravovoi Institut, API) is a private law school founded in 1993 under the auspices of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  The ALU teaching staff is composed of Institute of State and Law fellows and legal academics within the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 2010, the Academic Law University was renamed from the Academic Law University (, АПУ).

Notable alumni

Sergey Aleksandrovich Volkov, Russian cosmonaut and son of Soviet cosmonaut.
William E. Butler, LL.M. (1997), Western scholar on Russian law.

References

Institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Universities in Moscow
Law schools in Russia
Educational institutions established in 1993
1993 establishments in Russia


Aihui may refer to:

Aihui District, in Heihe, Heilongjiang, China
Aigun, or Aihui town, historic town of China in northern Manchuria, in Aihui District


Fulcher is a surname. Notable people with the name include:

Ann S. Fulcher, American abdominal radiologist
Arthur Fulcher (1855–1932), English yacht racer and cricketer
Bill Fulcher (1934–2022), American football player and coach
Byron Fulcher (born 1970), English trombonist
Christine Fulcher (born 1954), Irish swimmer
Colin Fulcher, birth name of English graphic artist Barney Bubbles (1942–1983)
David Fulcher (born 1964), American football player
Eric Fulcher (1890–1923), English cricketer
Gabriel Fulcher (born 1969), Irish rugby union footballer
George Fulcher (disambiguation), multiple people
Homer Fulcher (1918–1995), American duck decoy carver
Jonni Fulcher (born 1974), Scottish snooker and pool player
Kaden Fulcher (born 1998), Canadian ice hockey player
Lionel Fulcher (1866–1945), British philatelist
Mondriel Fulcher (born 1976), American football player
Rich Fulcher (born 1968), American comedy performer
Russ Fulcher (born 1962), American politician from Idaho

It may also refer to:
Fulcher or Fulk of Angoulême, Patriarch of Jerusalem
Fulcher of Chartres, a chronicler of the First Crusade

See also
 Fulk

English-language surnames
Surnames from given names


"Verdammt, ich lieb' dich" ("Damn, I love you") is a 1990 song by the German singer Matthias Reim from his first album Reim. The song was Reim's first single, and remains his biggest hit, reaching the number-one spot in Germany, Switzerland, Austria and the Netherlands. In Germany, it spent 16 consecutive weeks at the top of the charts, equalling the record set by Boney M.'s "Rivers of Babylon".

Reim also recorded cover versions in other languages - English ("I Think I Love You"), French ("Et puis je t'aime (bien quand même)"), Italian ("Perché ti amo") and Spanish ("Tal vez te quiero").

In 2021, Reim recorded a new English version with actor David Hasselhoff.

Chart positions

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

External links

1990 debut singles
German songs
Number-one singles in Austria
Number-one singles in Germany
Dutch Top 40 number-one singles
Number-one singles in Switzerland
1990 songs