Young Americans for Liberty (YAL) is a libertarian student activism organization headquartered in Austin, Texas. Formed in 2008 in the aftermath of the Ron Paul 2008 presidential campaign, YAL establishes chapters on high school and college campuses across the United States, for the purpose of "advancing liberty on campus and in American electoral politics."

YAL is active on nearly 400 college and university campuses, representing thousands of students.

History
YAL was founded in 2008 at the end of Congressman Ron Paul's first presidential campaign. Paul's candidacy inspired students to organize on-campus under the banner of Students for Ron Paul. After the 2008 presidential election in November, the movement continued, soon becoming Young Americans for Liberty.

On May 23, 2019, YAL announced it would be moving its headquarters to Austin from Arlington, Virginia, saying that the group "doesn't belong" in Washington, D.C. due to its "toxic environment," and that it was a "rapidly growing organization" that needed more space in its headquarters.

In January 2021, YAL removed its president, Cliff Maloney, for serious allegations of sexual misconduct towards YAL employees.

In May 2021, Lauren Daugherty became YAL's new executive director. Former Maine State Senator Eric Brakey assumed the role of senior spokesperson, while Sean Themea became YAL's chief of staff.

Activities

In March 2011, 78 YAL chapters across 32 states organized a student protest of the national debt. Each chapter constructed a 40-foot debt clock and placed it in the middle of their campus.

In April 2014, two YAL students at the University of Hawaii filed a federal lawsuit after they were prevented from handing out copies of the US constitution.

Beginning in 2009, YAL hosted annual National Conventions in Arlington, Virginia. More than 300 students attended the 2014 convention. Speakers included U.S Senator Rand Paul and former U.S. Representative Ron Paul, with a video address by Glenn Greenwald. Speakers at the 2016 convention included speakers Ron Paul and U.S. Representative Justin Amash, Judge Andrew Napolitano, and David Boaz of the Cato Institute.

In September 2016, three YAL students passed out pocket constitutions on a public walkway at Kellogg Community College (KCC) in Battle Creek, Michigan. The students were approached by Drew Hutchinson, the school's Manager of Student Life, and told to shut down the event on grounds that it violated the school's "speech permit policy." After refusing to do so, the students were arrested by campus police and jailed for over seven hours.

YAL and the Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF) subsequently filed suit. Meanwhile, KCC's speech restrictions remained in place until August 2017, when the school was ordered to pay $55,000 in damages and attorney's fees. Additionally, the school agreed to adopt a new Freedom of Expression policy, "[making] it clear that any individual or group can engage in non-commercial expressive activities, including speeches, demonstrations, vigils, and the distribution of informational materials, in common areas on the campus during periods that the College facilities are open to the general public."

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, YAL has pushed back against government mandates that "[infringe] on civil liberties." The organization's Hazlitt Coalition, a network of 178 legislators from 37 states, introduced dozens of bills opposing proof-of-vaccination requirements. According to Themea, "The idea of having to carry around your health papers to go to the grocery store is something out of an Orwell novel."

In May 2021, YAL helped organize a protest against the COVID-19 vaccine requirement at Rutgers University. Organized by Rutgers junior and YAL state chair Sara Razi, the protest brought together hundreds of "medical freedom activists." The Rutgers protest was covered by CNBC, Forbes, The Guardian, and other news outlets. That same month, YAL and the ADF threatened legal action against Skidmore College after a YAL chapter was not approved on campus for political reasons. Skidmore student Hannah Davis claimed to be the victim of a "cancel culture campaign", which led YAL and the ADF to accuse Skidmore of violating consumer protection law.

In total, YAL has fought COVID-19 vaccine and mask mandates on 23 college campuses, such as Rutgers, Virginia Tech University, and the University of Colorado Boulder. YAL has circulated petitions opposing COVID-related rules on different campuses, such as Virginia Tech. According to the YAL, the organization "is not anti-vaccine, but rather anti-vaccine mandate at taxpayer-funded academic institutions." Several students affiliated with YAL have spoken to the mainstream media, arguing for vaccination as a "personal choice."

YAL is an outspoken critic of gun-control legislation, such as "red flag" laws proposed by President Biden and other Democrats. The organization also opposes "Critical race theory" education at public schools. YAL is active on social media, often attacking Democratic Party officials. The organization also publishes a quarterly magazine called "The American Revolution."

Controversies

In a Facebook post perceived by YAL chapter leaders as an official blacklisting of Breitbart News tech editor Milo Yiannopoulos in May 2016, YAL National Field Director Ty Hicks urged chapter leaders not to invite the conservative firebrand to speak at their events. This came as a result of the YAL chapter at the University of California, Santa Barbara defying a regional field director's instructions to prohibit Yiannopoulos from promoting presidential candidate Donald Trump when he spoke at the university – which she believed could jeopardize the national organization's 501(c)3 non-profit status. The event proceeded with Yiannopoulos asking audience members to address a cardboard cutout of Trump, and chapter members wearing pro-Trump clothing as they hand-carried Yiannopoulos into the event. YAL's president at the time, Cliff Maloney, said Hicks' post did not represent an official YAL position and that "our relationship with Milo remains unchanged." The group's association with Yiannopoulos and others caused Wichita State University to reject the formation of a YAL chapter on campus.

In February 2017 at Students for Liberty's International Students for Liberty Conference (ISFLC) in Washington, D.C., several students affiliated with YAL chapters organized to bring white supremacist Richard Spencer to the hotel where the conference was being held. Spencer and the YAL chapter members were confronted by conference attendees and were removed from the conference.

In 2018, the Iowa State YAL chapter invited the white nationalist figure Nick Fuentes to speak at the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology.

A few YAL members and chapter leaders have been involved in the American Identity Movement, formerly known as Identity Evropa. In June 2019, Right Wing Watch ran an article noting that university student Richard Golgart Jr. was an "officer" of the University of Nevada, Reno's YAL chapter. An article later in the year by the school newspaper, The Nevada Sagebrush, confirmed the story. An exposé by Sludge found that another Identity Evropa member, Derek Magill, served as president of the YAL chapter at the University of Michigan. The same report also revealed that Alex Witoslawski, another well-known white nationalist activist, "spent six months as the Illinois state chair of Young Americans for Liberty."

On January 8, 2021, several women came out with allegations of sexual misconduct while at YAL. As a result of the allegations, YAL subsequently announced that Cliff Maloney had been terminated from employment within the organization effective immediately after a decision by the board of directors. On April 26, 2022, Cliff Maloney was arrested and arraigned in Pennsylvania on charges of drugging and raping a woman on University of Pittsburgh Johnstown's campus in 2013.

Operation Win at the Door
In 2018, YAL launched Operation Win at the Door. Maloney claimed that the project's goal would be to "build the bench" by electing 250 state legislators by the end of 2022.

YAL's "Hazlitt Coalition," a network of libertarian state legislators around the country, oversaw more than 170 members from nearly 40 states in 2021. The coalition filed 25 bills defending people's rights against COVID-19 protocols.

As of November 2022, there are more than 300 Hazlitt members in the coalition, many of them under the age of 40. The Hazlitt Coalition doubled in size between 2021 and 2022. One of the coalition's policy priorities is COVID-19 vaccine choice, in addition to free speech and gun rights, among others.

References

External links

 Young Americans for Liberty Foundation: Organizational Profile – National Center for Charitable Statistics (Urban Institute)
 Young Americans for Liberty, Inc.: Organizational Profile  – National Center for Charitable Statistics (Urban Institute)

Ron Paul
Student political organizations in the United States
Organizations established in 2008
Political youth organizations in the United States
Libertarian organizations based in the United States
Conservative organizations in the United States
Political activism
2008 establishments in the United States
Youth organizations based in Texas


Lo Fi Acoustic Excursions is the first of two albums released by Mike Badger featuring a compilation of his various musical incarnations including the La's and The Onset, its sister album being Lo Fi Electric Excursions. Lo Fi Acoustic Excursions was released by the Generator Label in 2004. It contains a collection of songs, outtakes, ideas and sketches from 1983 to 2003.

Track listing
All words and music by Mike Badger, except track 5 by Bob Nolan; track 11 by Mike Badger and Paul Hemmings.
 "2022 Blues" - The Onset (1994) – 1.56
 "It's True" - Mike Badger and The Establishment" (2001) – 3:05
 "Save Me" - The Onset (1991) – 3:46
 "South End Hoedown" - The Two Step Angels (1987) – 1:14
 "Cool Water" - The La's (1986) – 3:57
 "Sacramento" - Mike Badger (1999) – 0:40
 "Lovin' On Our Side" - Mike Badger and the Northern Lights (2002) – 2:29
 "Intermission" - Mike Badger and T.V.Set (1995) – 2:09
 "No Bitterness Holds Sweetness" - Mike Badger (2000) – 2:36
 "Walking Tall" - The Onset (1995) – 3:03
 "Autumn In The Mind" - Mike Badger (1998) – 3:01
 "Water Tiger" - Mike Badger (2001) – 1:15
 "Dig It" - The Renegades (2002) – 2:23
 "Life Story" - Mike Badger and the Northern Lights (2003) – 3:41
 "The Day I Grew Forever" - Roy G Biv (1983) – 2:22

Musicians
 Mike Badger - vocals, Spanish guitar, acoustic guitar, percussion, T.V.
 Danny Dean - acoustic guitar, twelve string guitar (tracks 3, 7, 10 and 12)
 Simon Cousins - bass guitar, acoustic bass, backing vocals (track 3 and 10)
 Paul Hemmings - piano, organ, acoustic guitar, mandolin, bass (tracks 2, 3 and 11)
 Tony Russell - percussion (track 10)
 Roger Llewellyn - backing vocals, ukulele banjo, harmonica, banjo, voice jug (tracks 1, 4 and 10)
 Steve Roberts - backing vocals (track 12)
 Lee Mavers - acoustic guitar, backing vocals (track 5)
 Martyn Campbell - backing vocals, bass, percussion, acoustic guitar (tracks 2, 7 and 14)
 Henry Priestman - organ, keyboards (tracks 9, 11 and 14)

Reviews

References

2004 compilation albums
Mike Badger albums


Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd [1994] UKHL 5 was a landmark House of Lords case. It established the possibility of concurrent liability in both tort and contract.

Facts
Lloyd's of London, an insurance market, is organised in syndicates - groups who share the business, risk, and reward, of underwriting insurance policies and similar projects. The syndicate acts as a market which offers insurance on the one hand and investment opportunity on the other. The active business of a syndicate is run by underwriting agents. The liability of an investor (known as a "name") is unlimited - names share the profits but are also exposed to unlimited liability in the event of losses.

In the present case, hurricanes in United States had led to unprecedented losses for insurers. After the hurricanes, Lloyd's called upon the investors to cover their share of these losses. Litigation followed in which the names sued the people running the underwriting agents for negligent management of the investment fund. Mr Henderson was one of the names and Merrett Syndicates Ltd was one of the underwriting agents.

It was accepted that the underwriting agents had a duty to exercise due care and skill (see for instance, s 13 Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982). The question was whether the agents could be liable to the indirect investors (the names behind in the syndicate which had formed another syndicate). The problem was that there was a contractual relationship between the head syndicate managers and its direct members, but not necessarily a contractual relationship between the head syndicate managers and the members of the sub-syndicate. This led to the question of whether a duty could arise in tort, raising the matter of "assumption of responsibility"..

Judgment
It was held that Merrett Syndicates was liable to both types of shareholders, as there was enough foreseeability to extend pure economic loss liability to "un-proximate" third parties. The major significance here was, however, the allowance of claims in both contract and tort, which blurred the divide between the two. Some of the first party Names claimed in tort to overcome the three-year limit in which an action must be taken in contract. In allowing such an action, the House of Lords expressly overruled Lord Scarman's ruling in Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd v Liu Chong Hing Bank Ltd [1986], in which it was held that: "there is nothing advantageous to the law's development in searching for a liability in tort where the parties are in a contractual relationship." The allowance of concurrent actions was immensely controversial, as it ran contrary to legal orthodoxy.

Lord Goff said the following.

See also

Caparo Industries plc v Dickman
La règle de non-cumul in French law

Notes

English contract case law
English tort case law
House of Lords cases
English privity case law
1994 in United Kingdom case law


Immunodeficiency with hyperimmunoglobulin M is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent infections, low or absent IgG, IgE, and IgA levels, and normal or elevated levels of IgM and IgD.

See also
 Immunoglobulin M deficiency
 Immunoglobulin M
 Skin lesion
 List of cutaneous conditions

References

External links

Noninfectious immunodeficiency-related cutaneous conditions


Ernest Kinoy (April 1, 1925 – November 10, 2014) was an American writer, screenwriter and playwright.

Early life
Kinoy was born in New York City on April 1, 1925; his parents, Albert and Sarah Kinoy (formerly Forstadt), were both high-school teachers. His older brother Arthur Kinoy later became a leading constitutional lawyer. Kinoy attended the Ethical Culture Fieldston School and later Columbia University, although his studies were interrupted by military service during World War II. During his army service with the 106th Infantry Division, Kinoy was made a prisoner of war, and was interned at the Stalag IX-B camp but, as a Jewish POW, was subsequently sent to the slave labor camp at Berga.

Following his return from the war and graduation from Columbia College in 1947, he joined NBC as a staff writer in 1948.

Radio, television and screen career

NBC years (1948–1960)
During his time at NBC, Kinoy wrote scripts for many of the major NBC radio and television dramas of the 1950s, including the television anthology series  Studio One and Playhouse 90.  His television play Walk Down the Hill, based on his experiences as a prisoner of war, aired in 1957 as an episode of Studio One. He wrote the script for the short-lived series The Marriage, which was an adaptation of a previous Kinoy-scripted radio show of the same name. The series, although well-received, was cancelled when the stars Hume Cronyn and Jessica Tandy chose to pursue their stage careers. He was also a writer for The Imogene Coca Show, which ran for one season following the conclusion of her run on Your Show of Shows in 1954.

Kinoy was a contributor of original stories, such as "The Martian Death March", to the science fiction radio series Dimension X and X Minus One, as well as adapting stories by writers such as Ray Bradbury, Isaac Asimov and Philip K. Dick for the two series.  Along with George Lefferts, Kinoy was a primary scriptwriter for the radio program Rocky Fortune, which starred Frank Sinatra and ran weekly on NBC from October 1953 through March 1954. He contributed both original stories and adaptations, including an adaptation of Shirley Jackson's The Lottery, to the anthology program NBC Presents: Short Story. As an NBC staff writer, he also wrote scripts for many of the station's programmes, including Radio City Playhouse, The Eternal Light, The Big Story and NBC University Theatre.

1960s television work
Following his departure from NBC in 1960, Kinoy wrote scripts for episodes of popular television series including The Defenders, Naked City, Route 66, Doctor Kildare and Shane.

His script for the "Blacklist" episode of The Defenders, which guest-starred Jack Klugman as an actor unable to work in his profession due to being on the Hollywood blacklist, won Kinoy his first Emmy Award in the Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama - Original category in 1964.

Kinoy wrote the television adaptations for the musical Brigadoon, a 1966 ABC production,  and for NBC's Pinocchio, which aired in 1968.

He served as President of the Writers Guild of America, East from 1969 to 1971.

1970s
Kinoy wrote the screenplays for two films starring Sidney Poitier: Brother John which was released in 1971 and the 1972 western film Buck and the Preacher, starring Poitier and Harry Belafonte.  Leadbelly, based on the life of the blues musician Lead Belly and written by Kinoy was released in 1976.

The 1976 Kinoy-scripted  television movie Victory at Entebbe, made soon after the  hostage-rescue operation at Entebbe Airport was nominated for four Emmys, including a nomination for Kinoy.

Kinoy, along with William Blinn, won an Emmy in 1977 for their script for the second episode of the miniseries Roots. Kinoy received another Emmy nomination as the head writer of the sequel to the series, Roots: The Next Generations, in 1979.

1980s
The 1981 television movie Skokie, a drama based on the real life NSPA controversy in Skokie, Illinois, won Kinoy a Writers Guild of America Award, as well as a fifth Emmy nomination in the category Outstanding Writing in a Limited Series or Special. He wrote the script for the 1986 HBO movie Murrow, based on the life of Edward R. Murrow, and the teleplay for the television adaptation of the Gore Vidal novel Lincoln.

1990s
Kinoy adapted the screenplay for the 1991 TV movie Chernobyl: The Final Warning from a book by Robert Peter Gale and Thomas Hauser. Airing on TNT, the film starred Jon Voight and Jason Robards. He also wrote an episode of Diagnosis: Murder.

Plays and musicals
Kinoy wrote the "book" (story and spoken dialogue) for the musicals Golden Rainbow, Bajour and Chaplin.

In 1962, Kinoy wrote the play Something About a Soldier, which was based on the 1957 novel by Mark Harris.  Starring Ken Kercheval, Tony Roberts and Sal Mineo, the play had a short run at the Ambassador Theatre on Broadway in January of that year.

Personal life
Kinoy was married to Barbara Powers, a doctor of psychotherapy, psychiatric social worker and an authority on the treatment of eating disorders, from 1948 until her death in 2007. They had two children. On November 10, 2014, Kinoy died of pneumonia. He was 89.

References

External links

Ernest Kinoy - Archive of American Television Interview - 10 part video interview with Kinoy conducted by the Archive of American Television
Ernest Kinoy Dead:'Golden Rainbow' and 'Roots' Writer Dies In Vermont

1925 births
2014 deaths
American male screenwriters
American radio writers
American television writers
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Writers Guild of America Award winners
American prisoners of war in World War II
Jewish American writers
United States Army personnel of World War II
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
American male television writers
20th-century American screenwriters
20th-century American male writers
United States Army soldiers
21st-century American Jews
Deaths from pneumonia in Vermont


"You're Gonna Get Yours" (sometimes subtitled "My 98 Oldsmobile") is a 1987 single by hip hop group Public Enemy from their debut album Yo! Bum Rush the Show (1987). Chuck D references the Oldsmobile 98 automobile in the song's lyrics. It peaked at number 88 on the UK Singles Chart.

MARRS sampled the song on their 1987 song "Pump Up the Volume". Red Hot Chili Peppers have been known to use the song as an intro jam during live performances of their own song, "Give It Away."

This song was also featured in the 1999 British-Irish independent film Human Traffic.

References

1987 singles
Public Enemy (band) songs
Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin
1987 songs
Def Jam Recordings singles
Songs written by Hank Shocklee
Songs written by Chuck D


"Drinking the Kool-Aid" is an expression used to refer to a person who believes in a possibly doomed or dangerous idea because of perceived potential high rewards. The phrase typically carries a negative connotation. It can also be used ironically or humorously to refer to accepting an idea or changing a preference due to popularity, peer pressure, or persuasion. In recent years, it has evolved further to mean extreme dedication to a cause or purpose, so extreme that one would "drink the Kool-Aid" and die for the cause.

While use of the phrase dates back to 1968 with the nonfiction book The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, it is strongly associated with the events in Jonestown, Guyana, on November 18, 1978, in which over 900 members of the Peoples Temple movement died. The movement's leader, Jim Jones, called a mass meeting at the Jonestown pavilion after the murder of U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan and others in nearby Port Kaituma. Jones proposed "revolutionary suicide" by way of ingesting a powdered drink mix made from Flavor Aid (later misidentified as Kool-Aid) that was lethally laced with cyanide and other drugs.

Background

On November 18, 1978, Jones ordered that the members of Representative Leo Ryan's party be killed after several defectors chose to leave with the party. Residents of the commune later committed suicide by drinking a grape flavored beverage laced with potassium cyanide; some were forced to drink it, some (such as small children) drank it unknowingly. Roughly 918 people died.

Descriptions of the event often refer to the beverage not as Kool-Aid but as Flavor Aid, a less-expensive product reportedly found at the site. Kraft Foods, the maker of Kool-Aid, has stated the same. This implies that it was referred to as Kool-Aid because that brand was better-known among Americans. Other accounts are less categorical. Film footage shot inside the compound prior to the events of November shows Jones opening a large chest in which boxes of Flavor Aid are visible. Criminal investigators testifying at the Jonestown inquest spoke of finding packets of "cool aid" (sic), and eyewitnesses to the incident are also recorded as speaking of "cool aid" or "Cool Aid." It is unclear whether they intended to refer to the actual Kool-Aid–brand drink or were using the name in a generic sense that might refer to any powdered flavored beverage.

The group had engaged in many "dry runs" using unpoisoned drink.

The phrase "drinking the Kool-Aid" as used to describe either blind obedience or loyalty to a cause is considered offensive by some of the relatives of the dead and survivors who escaped Jonestown. Seventy or more individuals at Jonestown were injected with poison, and a third (304) of the victims were minors. Guards armed with guns and crossbows had been ordered to shoot those who fled the Jonestown pavilion as Jones lobbied for suicide.

Use
The first known use of the phrase was in a passage from the 1968 non-fiction book The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test by Tom Wolfe, where it was used to describe an incident where Wolfe unsuccessfully tried to stop someone with a poor mental health record from drinking Kool-Aid laced with LSD, who then subsequently had a bad psychedelic experience. The Atlantic hypothesized that this story, which caused "many Americans [to become] familiar with the idea of being urged to drink Kool-Aid containing. . .unusual chemicals", contributed to the misconception that Kool-Aid was used in Jonestown. The first allusion to the phrase after Jonestown occurred a month later, in December 1978, when Rev. Dr. William Sloane Coffin told a convention of the American unit of Pax Christi that American planning for nuclear war and preparations for the civil defense was "the Kool-Aid drill without the cyanide."

According to academic Rebecca Moore, early analogies to Jonestown and Kool-Aid were based around death and suicide, not blind obedience. The earliest such example she found, via a Lexis-Nexis search, was a 1982 statement from Lane Kirkland, then head of the AFL–CIO, which described Ronald Reagan's policies as "Jonestown economics," which "administers Kool-Aid to the poor, the deprived and the unemployed."

In 1984, a Reagan administration appointee, Clarence M. Pendleton Jr., chairman of the United States Commission on Civil Rights, was quoted as criticizing civil rights leaders Jesse Jackson, Vernon Jordan Jr., and Benjamin Hooks by making an analogy between allegiance to "the black leadership" and blind obedience to the Jonestown leaders: "We refuse to be led into another political Jonestown as we were led during the Presidential campaign. No more Kool-Aid, Jesse, Vernon, and Ben. We want to be free."

In 1989, Jack Solerwitz, a lawyer for many of the air traffic controllers who lost their jobs in the 1981 PATCO strike, explained his dedication to their cause in spite of the substantial personal financial losses he incurred by saying: "I was the only lawyer who kept the doors open for them, and I thought I'd get a medal for it. ... Instead, I was the one who drank the Kool-Aid."

The widespread use of the phrase with its current meaning may have begun in the late 1990s. In some cases it began to take on a neutral or even positive light, implying simply great enthusiasm. In 1998, the dictionary website logophilia.com defined the phrase thus: "To become a firm believer in something; to accept an argument or philosophy whole-heartedly."

The phrase has been used in the business and technology worlds to mean fervent devotion to a certain company or technology. A 2000 The New York Times article about the end of the dot-com bubble noted, "The saying around San Francisco Web shops these days, as companies run out of money, is 'Just keep drinking the Kool-Aid,' a tasteless reference to the Jonestown massacre."

The phrase or metaphor has also often been used in a political context, usually with a negative implication. In 2002, Arianna Huffington used the phrase "pass the Kool-Aid, pardner" in a column about an economic forum hosted by President George W. Bush. Later, commentators Michelangelo Signorile and Bill O'Reilly have used the term to describe those whom they perceive as following certain ideologies blindly. In a 2009 speech, Newsweek editor Jon Meacham stressed his political independence by saying, "I did not drink the Obama Kool-Aid last year."

In 2011, columnist Meghan Daum wrote that the phrase had become "one of the nation's most popular idiomatic trends," while bemoaning its rise in popularity, calling its usage "grotesque, even offensive." She cited, among others, usages by Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz, who said that he "drank the Kool-Aid as much as anyone else about Obama," and Us Weekly magazine, which reported during the short marriage of Kim Kardashian and Kris Humphries that "Kris is not drinking the Kardashian Kool-Aid."

In February 2012, "Drinking the Kool-Aid" won first place in an online poll by Forbes magazine as "the single most annoying example of business jargon."

In the book Rage by Bob Woodward, which is an outcome of 18 interviews with former president Donald Trump, Woodward quotes Trump's reaction to his question about the responsibility of white, wealthy people who should help understand general population motivations of Black Lives Matter protesters. Trump replied: "You really drank the Kool-Aid, didn't you? Just listen to you."

See also
Red pill and blue pill
Irrationality
Skepticism

References

1968 neologisms
American political neologisms
Political terminology of the United States
Jonestown
English phrases
Social influence
Metaphors referring to food and drink
Consensus


Totimoshi is an American rock band based in Los Angeles, California, United States. It was founded in Oakland, California, in 1997.

Style and reception
Totimoshi are inspired by artists such as Frank Zappa and Jimi Hendrix; however, the 2008 album Milagrosa borrows more from the band Shellac. Milagrosa, a concept album and stylistic departure from the band's previous albums, is written to the themes of the battle between love and hate, according to the vocalist, Tony Aguilar. It received a 7.5/10 score on Pitchfork Media, and 3/4 from the eZine Static Multimedia.

The 2006 album Ladrón received a 3.5/5 score from Tiny Mix Tapes, and was praised for being "sophisticated" and "patently enjoyable". It was also praised by eZines such as Deaf Sparrow.

Discography

References

External links

Totimoshi at PureVolume
[ Totimoshi] at AllMusic

American alternative metal musical groups
Punk rock groups from California
Alternative rock groups from California


Thymic hypoplasia is a condition where the thymus is underdeveloped or involuted.

Causes
There are various causes of thymic hypoplasia such as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome,  CHARGE syndrome, Nude/SCID and otofaciocervical syndrome type 2 (OTFCS2), and ataxia telangiectasia.

References

External links

Noninfectious immunodeficiency-related cutaneous conditions


The Showgirl Must Go On was a concert residency at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas that starred pop diva Bette Midler. Showgirl premiered on February 20, 2008 and closed on January 31, 2010. Midler signed for 300 shows from 2008 to 2010 at a pace of 100 performances a year. Shows were presented five nights a week with the house dark on Mondays and Thursdays. According to Billboard, the residency grossed $72 million.

Setlist
 "Big Noise from Winnetka"
 "The Showgirl Must Go On"
 "In the Mood"
 "Friends"
 "The Rose"
 "Do You Want to Dance?"
 "From a Distance"
 "My Kind of Town"
 "It's Now or Never"
 "Viva Las Vegas"
 "Lucky Be My Lady"
 "Blue Hawaii"
 "Hello in There"
 "When a Man Loves a Woman"
 "Pretty Legs"
 "Hot in Here"
 "The Glory of Love"
 "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy"
 "Wind Beneath My Wings"

Concert dates
All shows were performed at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Recordings
On December 31, 2010, The Showgirl Must Go On was broadcast on HBO channels at 9 pm. The 70 minute special contained some of the performances from the 2 hour long show.

The DVD of this pared down performance was released on October 4, 2011.

References

Bette Midler concert tours
Bette Midler video albums
Concert residencies in the Las Vegas Valley
2008 concert residencies
2009 concert residencies
2010 concert residencies
Caesars Palace


7 Blue Skies was an alternative rock band formed in 2004. The group was well known for their high energy live performances, as well as for always performing barefoot.  The band has since broken up.

Band name
The band's name was chosen following an email from producer Ron Saint Germain, in which Germain signed off "Good luck, 7 blue skies!" The band determined the name to mean "have a nice week," and decided to use the name. This was later revealed to be a typo, as the intended line was "Good luck & blue skies!" (the & is located above the 7 key).

History
Jon Shaffer, Adam Schulman and Andy Stickel formed the band and posted an ad online for a singer and drummer in 2004. Ramsay and Garitta responded to the ad and arranged a rehearsal and from there the band was born. The group entered the studio to begin recording what would be their first release 'Exhausted' in May 2004 with producers Sam Verella and Jason Laughton.

The album was released in the summer of 2005, and saw sales of several thousand copies. The album attracted the attention of Mike Grippo, an A&R from E-Klectrik Music Group, a division of the GoDigital Media Group. On February 28, 2007 the group signed to E-Klectrik Music Group and began working on their next release, "Last Night."

Although failing to appear in the Billboard Charts, "Last Night" saw strong sales with more than 20,000 units shipped in its first week, and was greeted by fans at a sold out album release concert at The Social in Orlando, Florida on July 7, 2007 (07/07/07). The event was dubbed by Axis Magazine as one of the top ten events in Orlando in the summer of 2007.

Schulman's departure
In March 2008 the group left E-Klectrik Music Group and parted ways with guitarist Adam Schulman.  Upon Schulman's departure, Rick Garitta began playing guitar in addition to continuing to provide lead vocals. Schulman was the only member of the band to not perform barefoot.

Promotional videos
The group frequently uploads homemade promotional videos.  On St. Patrick's Day of 2009 the group uploaded a video of guitarist Jon Shaffer and bassist Andy Stickel waking singer Rick Garitta up with a leaf blower. This video is a follow-up to the Kung Fu parody released less than two weeks prior, featuring Rick Garitta and Andy Stickel squaring off with Dave Medairos of the band Traverser. These videos can be found on the group's YouTube and Vimeo pages.

Appearances in film and television
The group's music has been featured in movies and television shows around the world. In early 2009, the group was featured on The Edge television show. The group can also be frequently heard on the soundtracks of many European television shows.  Most recently, Disappearing Act was included on the Belgian television show Shockproof.

In 2008, the song AOS and was included on the soundtrack of Loaded (2008) starring Jesse Metcalfe.

Sponsorships
Jon Shaffer is currently sponsored by Fryette Amplification and Andy Stickel is sponsored by Warwick basses, although he began playing Ernie Ball basses in 2008.

Covers
The band is known for occasionally covering Cake songs and performing them live. On 07/07/07, the band covered "The Distance" and was joined on stage by a three piece horn section, backup singers and a Vibraslap player.  The performance was included on their first DVD 7 Blue Skies – Live @ The Social. More recently the group covered "Arco Arena" and "Comfort Eagle," the performances of which will be included on their upcoming DVD Traversing The Blue Skies.

In 2008, Adam Monroe of Ashes Divide covered "Last Night" on piano.

Planned third album
In a late 2008 interview with MTV, Rick Garitta confirmed that the band was recording its third full-length album.

Discography

Albums
Exhausted – 2005 Independent Release
Last Night – 2007 E-Klectrik Music Group

DVDs
7 Blue Skies – Live @ The Social – 2008 Independent Release
Traversing The Blue Skies – Date TBD Independent Release

Singles

References

Alternative rock groups from Florida
Musical groups from Orlando, Florida
Musical groups established in 2004


Justice Waits is a 2005 biography by Joel Davis about the 1980 murders of two UC Davis freshmen, John Riggins and Sabrina Gonsalves. Dubbed "The Sweetheart Murders", the case remained cold until August 27, 2002, when incriminating DNA evidence obtained from a blanket in the kidnappers' van proved that convicted child molester Richard Hirschfield was involved in the murders.

Davis, who had attended school with Riggins, persisted to persuade the police to re-examine the case.

References

2005 non-fiction books
American non-fiction books


Emily Webley-Smith (born 14 July 1984) is a British professional tennis player.

She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 240, achieved on 7 November 2011. She also has a best WTA doubles ranking of No. 113, set on 2 November 2015. Webley-Smith has won four singles titles and 26 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. She has also reached the second round of her home Grand Slam, Wimbledon, on one occasion in 2004.

Personal life
Emily Webley-Smith was born in 1984 in Thornbury, Avon, which is now in South Gloucestershire. Her mother, Jane, is a PE teacher and her father, Mike, an amateur footballer and cricketer. She also has a sister named Hannah. Her first introduction to tennis was playing swingball in her garden and in the cricket grounds where her father was the club captain. She is coached by Jeremy Bates.

Webley-Smith plays right-handed with a two-handed backhand. Her favorite surface is grass.

In her spare time of late, she plays on the touchtennis tour against amateurs and other professional tennis players for fun. Her highest ranking was No. 2 in 2011.

Injury problems
Problems with Webley-Smith's right ankle began in 2002 when she broke it whilst on court competing in the qualifying tournament for the $25k ITF Circuit event in Cardiff and underwent surgery to repair both the bone and the damage caused to the ligaments. She was unable to compete on the tour for six months.

In November 2003, she needed a second operation on her ankle to remove cartilage which had come loose; an operation which was successful and enabled Emily to play injury-free tennis for almost two years.

However, she had to take yet more time out later in 2005 when she began experiencing sharp pains in the same ankle while warming up for an ITF tournament in Puebla, Mexico. She had treatment on the ankle again and returned, with limited success, to competitive tennis in spring 2006 before having surgery for a third time to remove fluid from her ankle.

She began recovering well before septicaemia left her unable to walk for five weeks. Webley-Smith said of the time, "My ankle was the size of a football. I remember the doctor trying to take my sock off and I was screaming. I was taking what they call an 'elephant dose' of antibiotics and the strongest painkillers they could give me". She returned full-time to the circuit in August 2006.

In 2009, she also began to have trouble with her wrist after injuring it during an ITF event in Tanjung Selor in Indonesia, just a number of weeks before Wimbledon. It recovered well enough in time for Webley-Smith to compete in the Wimbledon qualifying rounds however she reaggravated the injury later in the year and was unable to compete again until February 2010.

Career

Junior (1998–2002)
Webley-Smith played her first junior ITF tournament in February 1998 and her last in July 2002. Over her junior career in singles, she reached a total of four quarterfinals, two semifinals and the final of the "Slazenger Appletise Winchester Junior Tournament". She competed at Wimbledon juniors a total of four times; in 1999, 2000 and 2001 she lost in the qualifying stages but in 2002 she reached the second round of the main draw. Her career-high singles ranking was world No. 119 (reached on 29 April 2002) and her win–loss record was 31–31.

In doubles, she won three tournaments, was a runner-up in another and also reached one semifinal and seven quarterfinals. Her doubles win–loss record was 22–27 and her career-high ranking was world No. 95 (achieved on 30 July 2001).

1999–2002
Webley-Smith played her first match on the ITF Women's Circuit in October 1999, a match which she lost 0–6, 0–6 against Melanie Schnell from Austria. It was her only professional match in 1999.

In 2000, she played a total of six tournaments. She lost in the qualifying rounds of four $10k events in Great Britain (Bournemouth, Frinton, Hatfield and Sunderland), lost in the first round of another (in Glasgow) and was also beaten in the first round of the $25k event in Felixstowe by fellow Brit Jane O'Donoghue, 4–6, 3–6.

The 2001 season began well for Webley-Smith as in her very first tournament of the year she qualified and reached the quarterfinals of the $10k event in Jersey before being beaten by Anne Keothavong, 6–3, 7–6. But she was unable to show this form for the rest of the year, losing in the qualifying stages in every other tournament she entered with the exception of the $10k Sunderland event where she was defeated again by Keothavong, 6–3, 6–4. She also played in the main draw of her final ITF tournament of the year as a lucky loser but was again beaten in round one. She ended the year ranked 712.

Webley-Smith had a varied year in 2002, with limited success on the ITF Circuit but also her first appearance in a Grand Slam tournament at Wimbledon where she lost in the first round of qualifying to Nina Dübbers, 1–6, 2–6. She only reached one quarterfinal in 2002, at the $10k London event in August. In October, Emily broke her ankle during a qualifying match for a $25k event in Cardiff and did not compete again that season. Nevertheless, her year-end world ranking rose to world No. 673.

2003
Webley-Smith played her first professional match since breaking her ankle in 2002 in April at the qualifying event for the $10k tournament in Bournemouth where she lost in the second round. In May, she reached two consecutive quarterfinals of $10k events in Spain: Monzón and Almeira. In June, for the first time in her career, she was given a wildcard into the DFS Classic qualifying draw, a Tier-III tournament in Birmingham where she was beaten by Bethanie Mattek in straight sets, 6–3, 6–4. She then received another wildcard into Wimbledon qualifying and again lost her first round match, 2–6, 1–6, to Sada Noorlander. Two more consecutive quarterfinal appearances in ITF tournaments immediately followed this, Waco, Texas ($10k) and Vancouver ($25k), and one more in August in a $10k event in London. She ended the year with a singles ranking of world No. 469.

2004
2004 started slowly for Webley-Smith; she won only two of her first ten matches on the ITF Circuit. However, in March she reached the quarterfinals of the $10k tournament in Patras before losing to Ekaterina Dzehalevich, 2–6, 0–6. In this same tournament, she reached the doubles final partnering compatriot, Chantal Coombs, and lost to Martina Müller and Vladimíra Uhlířová, 6–7, 3–6. Two months later, she reached two more ITF quarterfinals consecutively in Mérida, Yucatán and Surbiton. In June, she was given wildcards into the qualifying draws for the Tier-III Birmingham Classic and the Eastbourne International (Tier II), where she lost in the first and second rounds of qualifying, respectively.

This was immediately followed by another wildcard, this one into the main draw of Wimbledon. In her first ever main-draw Grand Slam appearance, she managed to survive rain delays and defeat Frenchwoman Séverine Beltrame, in straight sets, to reach the second round where she faced 31st seed Amy Frazier. The final result did not go Webley-Smith's way though as she was defeated with a final score of 6–2, 3–6, 8–6. She spent the rest of the year on the ITF Circuit but did not progress past the second round in any tournament she played. Her year-end ranking for 2004 was 272.

2005
Webley-Smith began the 2005 season well on home ground by reaching the semifinals of the $10k tournament in Tipton where she had to retire during her semifinal match against fellow Briton, Katie O'Brien. She continued competing on the ITF Circuit for the first half of the year and reached the quarterfinal stages in two more $10k tournaments, in Tampico, Tamaulipas and Ho Chi Minh City. In June, she was given a wildcard into the qualifying draw for the Tier III tournament, the DFS Classic where she lost in the first round of the qualifying event. This was followed by a wildcard into the qualifying draw of Wimbledon where she was also beaten in the first round, by Meilen Tu, 7–5, 6–3. She reached only one more ITF semifinal that year, in the $25k event in Lagos where she lost, 2–6, 4–6, to Anne Keothavong. Her year-end ranking for 2005 was world No. 385.

2006
She spent much of the 2006 season out of action due to suffering from septicaemia as a result of her long-term ankle problems which began in 2002. She was forced to retire in only her second match of the year in February and was unable to compete again until August when she reached the semifinals of an ITF tournament in London and the quarterfinals a tournament in Istanbul. She was beaten by compatriot Naomi Cavaday in either the first or second round in three out of four consecutive $25k tournaments in September, October and November that year. As a result of her injury problems, Webley-Smith's final ranking of the year fell to No. 713.

2007
She spent the first three months competing in lower ITF tournaments. In April, Webley-Smith was a semifinalist in Obregón in Mexico and in May she reached two quarterfinals in Mazatlán and Irapuato, both also in Mexico. She was awarded a wildcard into the qualifying draw of Wimbledon where she lost in the first round, 2–6, 3–6, to Jenifer Widjaja. She reached only one more quarterfinal that year, in Wrexham. Her year-end ranking was world No. 595.

2008
The circuit started slowly for Webley-Smith as she began the season with four consecutive losses. However, in July she reached the quarterfinals of an ITF event in Atlanta and then immediately went on to reach two consecutive finals in Evansville, Indiana and Saint Joseph, Missouri. In late September and early October, she reached two more $25k quarterfinals and just a few weeks later she reached two consecutive ITF semifinals: in Port Pirie ($25k) where she was beaten by Melanie South, 6–1, 6–4, and in Muzaffarnagar where she lost to Sanaa Bhambri, 0–6, 0–6. She reached the quarterfinals of the $50k event in Kolkata in November and finished the season ranked world No. 475.

2009
In February 2009, Webley-Smith returned to the ITF Circuit and in March she won the first singles title of her career in Spain by beating Elena Chalova in the final, 6–0, 7–6. She then headed to Indonesia for a series of three tournaments but in the third of these she injured her wrist and was forced to retire in round one. Returning to the tour in mid-June, Webley-Smith was given a wildcard into the qualifying tournament at Eastbourne where she lost 0–6, 6–7 to María José Martínez Sánchez. A second consecutive wildcard allowed her entry into qualifying for Wimbledon, where she lost in the first round to Gréta Arn. In August, she reached two ITF tournament finals, winning the first to give her the second title of her career and losing the other. Webley-Smith spent the rest of the season competing in Australia and reached two $25k quarterfinals before reinjuring her wrist in November. Her year-end ranking was 332.

2011
In the spring, Webley-Smith made her first $50k singles final in Gifu, Japan, where she finished runner-up to Sachie Ishizu.

ITF Circuit finals

Singles: 12 (4 titles, 8 runner–ups)

Doubles: 55 (26 titles, 29 runner–ups)

Grand Slam singles performance timeline

References

External links

 LTA Profile

1984 births
Living people
British female tennis players
People from Thornbury, Gloucestershire
Tennis people from Gloucestershire
English female tennis players
People educated at The Red Maids' School


Literally meaning "Red Cape", is both a cape on the southwestern coast of the Dominican Republic, and a beach on the same location. More specifically, it belongs to Pedernales Province, the southernmost province of the country.

This part of the country is known for its bauxite mines and its beautiful beaches like Bahía de las Águilas and Cabo Rojo.

References

http://www.mi-rd.com/Provincias/Pedernales/Pedernales.htm

Capes of the Dominican Republic
Beaches of the Dominican Republic
Geography of Pedernales Province


Peter J. Donnelly was an outfielder in professional baseball. He played for the Fort Wayne Kekiongas in the National Association in 1871.

External links

Major League Baseball outfielders
Fort Wayne Kekiongas players


The following events occurred in December 1900:

December 1, 1900 (Saturday)
 A census of the German Empire was taken. Data released on February 26, 1901, showed a population of 56,345,014 "of which number 27,731,067 were males". The growth rate of 7.70% in five years was the highest increase in 30 years.
 The President of Switzerland resolved a boundary dispute between French Guiana and Brazil, awarding most of the  territory to Brazil.
 In Washington, D.C., the United States and Nicaragua signed a treaty, subject to approval, giving the U.S. exclusive rights to construct and operate the Nicaragua Canal (never built), and to use the San Juan River and Lake Managua, in return for five million dollars.

December 2, 1900 (Sunday)
 2,200 Filipino rebels took an oath of allegiance to the United States at Vigan; they were the largest group to do so to that time.
 John Hossack, a farmer near Indianola, Iowa, was killed with an axe while he slept in bed. His wife Margaret was charged with the murder and convicted on April 11, 1901, but the verdict was overturned and a second trial ended with a hung jury. Susan Glaspell, who covered the case for the Des Moines Daily News, later fictionalized it in her 1916 one-act play Trifles and a 1917 short story, "A Jury of Her Peers".

December 3, 1900 (Monday)
 The U.S. Supreme Court released its decision in Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company v. Kentucky. By an 8–1 margin, the Court upheld a state law requiring racial segregation even on interstate transportation. Since Kentucky's law provided that non-white passengers had to move to cars separate from white passengers after a train entered the state, the ruling effectively made separate cars a requirement on all trains.
 The census was taken in Norway, at that time a part of a union with Sweden. Its population in 1900 was 2,221,477.
 Oscar L. Booz, 21, a first-year cadet at the U.S. Military Academy, died from internal injuries sustained four days earlier during hazing. Booz refused to name his tormentors, and the public outcry over his death resulted in a U.S. Congressional investigation that ultimately led to the cadets pledging to discontinue the long-time practice of hazing of newly admitted cadets.
 Born:
 Ulrich Inderbinen, Swiss mountain guide; in Zermatt, canton of Valais (d. 2004)
 Richard Kuhn, Austrian chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1938; in Vienna (d. 1967)

December 4, 1900 (Tuesday)
 General Auguste Mercier, formerly Minister of War for France, warned the French Senate about "the possibility of war with Great Britain" and his strategy for an invasion, adding that "a landing in England is not beyond realization". Mercier suggested that his invasion plan "could be held over the head of England, like the sword of Damocles".
 Born: John Axon, British train driver, celebrated in song for his heroism in a fatal 1957 accident; in Stockport, Cheshire (d. 1957)

December 5, 1900 (Wednesday)
 Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy signed a treaty providing that their navies would work together in the event of an attack on either nation by France or Russia.
 The "War of the Golden Stool", the fifth and final Ashanti War, was declared over, with most of the British troops and Governor James Willcocks departing Kumasi.

December 6, 1900 (Thursday)
 Leopold Godowsky made his professional debut as a pianist in Berlin.
 Caisse Populaire, the first cooperative bank in North America, opened in Lévis, Quebec.
 Born: Agnes Moorehead, American film and TV actress, best known for her role in the television sitcom Bewitched; in Clinton, Massachusetts (d. 1974)

December 7, 1900 (Friday)
 In the American war in the Philippines, rebel leader General Emilio Verdeflor was killed in battle after being surprised by troops led by Major H.B. McCoy.
 The United States Department of the Navy invited bids for construction of new ships to double the size of the United States Navy, calling for five battleships and six armored cruisers.
 Nikola Tesla claimed to have received intelligent communication from Mars.

December 8, 1900 (Saturday)
 Pope Leo issued Conditae a Christo, redefining the rights of Catholic nuns.
 The United States called off scheduled plans to send a warship to Morocco to force the sultanate to pay its debts. "The great annual religious festival of the Moors is about to begin", reported The New York Times, referring to Ramadan, adding "it is the height of impropriety for any truly orthodox person to conduct business. The Sultan could not, without risking his soul, pay any debts, or even receive an infidel who came on diplomatic business." The State Department called off the operation until the middle of February.
 James Roosevelt, American business executive, 72, and father to Franklin D. Roosevelt died while his 18-year-old son was away as a student at Harvard University.

December 9, 1900 (Sunday)
 Claude Debussy's first two Nocturnes, "Nuages" and "Fêtes", had their world premiere, performed by the Lamoureux Orchestra as conducted by Camille Chevillard in Paris.

December 10, 1900 (Monday)
 Carl Jung passed up a career in internal medicine to take up psychiatry, starting a position at the Burgholzli Mental Hospital, as an assistant to Eugen Bleuler.
 Germany's Admiral Otto von Diederichs presented the Imperial German Navy department with an update on the state of naval planning against the United States, noting that the Imperial German Navy had a numerical advantage over the United States Navy in the number of ships, tonnage and pieces of heavy artillery, both worldwide and in the Atlantic Ocean.

December 11, 1900 (Tuesday)
 William D. Coleman, the President of Liberia since 1896, resigned under pressure after failing to extend government control further away from the capital. Coleman, a native of Fayette County, Kentucky, was replaced by Secretary of State (and Baltimore native) Garretson W. Gibson.

December 12, 1900 (Wednesday)
 At a dinner in his honor at the University Club in Manhattan, Charles M. Schwab outlined a vision for a steel company that would handle everything from mining coal and iron, to the sale of steel products. J. P. Morgan was intrigued enough that he joined, along with Andrew Carnegie, John Warne Gates and other industrialists, in creating U.S. Steel.
 The city of Washington, D.C., marked its centennial as the nation's capital with elaborate ceremonies, including a proposed  dollar addition to the White House.
 Born:
 Mária Telkes, Hungarian physicist, inventor of thermoelectric and solar powered machinery; in Budapest (d. 1995)
 Sammy Davis Sr., American dancer and father of Sammy Davis Jr.; in Wilmington, North Carolina (d. 1988)

December 13, 1900 (Thursday)
 Albert Einstein submitted what would become his first published article in an academic journal, "Folgerungen aus der Kapillaritatserscheinungen" ("Deductions from the Phenomena of Capillarity"), to the Annalen der Physik. The paper would be accepted and published on March 1, 1901.
 Terry McGovern became undisputed lightweight boxing champion of the world in a bout in Chicago against Joe Gans, knocking him out in the second round, in a fight that many observers thought was fixed.
 The United Kingdom, France and Italy signed an agreement to preserve, in Ethiopia, the integrity of the ancient empire of Abyssinia.

December 14, 1900 (Friday)
 On a date now considered to be the birthday of quantum mechanics, Max Planck presented his paper Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung im Normalspektrum (On the Theory of the Law of Energy Distribution in Normal Spectrum) at a meeting of the German Physical Society in Berlin.
 The 1899 Hague Convention was revised in Brussels.

December 15, 1900 (Saturday)
 Soon after Lord Roberts declared that the Second Boer War was over, British troops in South Africa suffered a surprise defeat and the capture of hundreds of their men by the Boer attackers led by General P.H. Kritzinger. A total of 573 men in four companies of the Northumberland Fusiliers were taken prisoner at the battle of Magaliesberg. At Zastron on December 13, 120 British soldiers stationed there were captured by the Boers.
 In one of the earliest "bad trades" in baseball, the Cincinnati Reds sent rookie pitcher Christy Mathewson to the New York Giants in return for legendary pitcher Amos Rusie. Both were future Hall of Fame stars, one rising (Mathewson went on to win 373 games) and the other falling (Rusie pitched only 22 innings for Cincinnati).

December 16, 1900 (Sunday)
 The German training frigate Gneisenau, with 450 naval cadets on board, sank in a storm during exercises off of the Spanish coast at Málaga, drowning 136.
 In Rome, the "Mediterranean Agreement" was signed by France and Italy, providing that if France extended influence in Morocco, it would not oppose Italian occupation of Cyrenaica and Tripoli (now Libya).
 George Bernard Shaw's play, Captain Brassbound's Conversion in London.
 Born: Rudolf Diels, German party official, founder of the Gestapo; in Berghausen, Germany. Diels escaped prosecution after World War II, but died November 18, 1957, in a hunting accident.

December 17, 1900 (Monday)
 The Guzman Prize, first and only prize ever offered for communication with extraterrestrials, was announced in Paris. A prize of 100,000 francs was provided, except for communication with Mars, which was considered too easy.
 Ellis Island's processing center reopened, after an 1897 fire. The Kaiser Wilhelm III brought 654 Italian immigrants, who were first of the 2,251 who come through on that day.

December 18, 1900 (Tuesday)
 Fifteen-year-old Edward Cudahy Jr., whose father was an official at the Cudahy Meatpacking Company, was kidnapped by two men in front of his home at Omaha, Nebraska. Eddie was released on December 20 after his father paid $25,000 in gold.
 American diplomat Joseph Hodges Choate met for several hours in London with Foreign Secretary Lord Lansdowne, over the two nations' sudden disagreement on China policy. It turned out that a misunderstanding had been created by an error in the transmission of a cabled telegram over the use of the word "irrevocable".

December 19, 1900 (Wednesday)
 Governor-General of Australia Earl of Hopetoun passed up favorite Edmund Barton as his choice for the Commonwealth's first Prime Minister, selecting instead Sir William Lyne, in a decision memorialized as the Hopetoun Blunder. When key leaders said that they would not serve under Lyne, who had opposed the federation, Lyne withdrew on December 24, and Barton became the first Prime Minister of Australia on January 1, 1901.
 The Imperial Russian Navy established a special committee to evaluate construction of a submarine fleet.

December 20, 1900 (Thursday)
 By a 55–18 vote, the United States Senate ratified the treaty with the United Kingdom regarding the Nicaragua Canal, but with three amendments, including an American defense of the canal. The United Kingdom refused to ratify the altered treaty by the March 5, 1901, expiration. United States Secretary of State John Hay and British Ambassador Lord Pauncefote signed a new treaty in 1901 that was ratified by both nations in 1902.
 General Arthur MacArthur declared martial law over the Philippines under General Order 100. Philippine civilians who supported the rebels or stayed neutral would be subject to arrest, along with exile and even the death penalty.
 Astronomer Michel Giacobini spotted the Giacobini-Zinner comet, which came back around on October 23, 1913, and was spotted by Ernst Zinner.
 Born: Marinus van der Goes van Naters, Dutch politician, member of Dutch legislation from 1937 to 1940, and 1945 to 1967, imprisoned as a German prisoner of war during World War II; in Nijmegen (d. 2005)

December 21, 1900 (Friday)
 In Havana, John J. Moran volunteered to infect himself with yellow fever in order to confirm that the disease was spread by blood and not by air. At noon, Moran went into a room filled with infected mosquitoes and stayed for 30 minutes, getting bitten 7 times. Two other volunteers in the same room were protected by a mosquito-proof screen, breathed the same air, and stayed well. Moran became seriously ill, but survived and lived until 1950.
 The Philippine Commission, operated by the United States to govern the Philippines, directed that all of the islands' laws be printed in the English language.
 Died:
 Count Leonhard von Blumenthal, 90, Prussian army officer, field marshal who spared the city of Paris during the successful invasion in the Franco-Prussian War (b. 1810)
 Frederick Richard Pickersgill, 80, British painter and illustrator (b. 1820)

December 22, 1900 (Saturday)
 In Beijing, at 11:00, the ministers of the Western nations and Japan signed the diplomatic note setting out conditions for China to accept.
 Born: Alan Bush, British composer, pianist and conductor; in London (d. 1995)

December 23, 1900 (Sunday)
 Reginald Fessenden made the first use of amplitude modulation (the basis for AM radio) for wireless transmission of the human voice in Maryland. Two towers, set a mile apart on Cobb Island in the Potomac River, were used for the experiment. Fessenden said "One, two, three, four. Is it snowing where you are, Mr. Thiessen? If it is, would telegraph back to me?" Alfred Thiessen telegraphed back that it was snowing.
 Foot binding in China was officially outlawed by decree of the Empress Dowager Cixi, after centuries of the practice of stunting the growth of girls' feet, and years of lobbying against it.
 With the encouragement of the American government, prominent Philippine citizens founded the Partido Federal, which advocated American statehood for the Philippines.

December 24, 1900 (Monday)
 The foreign powers presented their 12 conditions for reform to the Chinese Imperial government. In return for allowing the Emperor to come back to Beijing, China was to reduce its military, punish Boxer rebels, and pay $500,000,000 to the eight nations over a period of 60 years.
 Iskra, a newspaper published by Vladimir Lenin in support of Bolshevik rebellion in Russia, was published for the first time, printed in Leipzig, Germany.
 Pope Leo conducted ceremonies to close the Holy Year, with the closing of the holy door in St. Peter's Basilica a year after it had been opened. The event was witnessed by 80,000 and not done again until 1925.
 United States Secretary of War Elihu Root forever barred the hereditary right of slaughtering which had been granted a monopoly to the descendants of the Countess of Buena Vista.
 After 45 years, the last horse-drawn street car was retired from service in Boston, to be replaced by electric trolleys and elevated trains.
 Born: Hawayo Takata, Japanese healer, last of the Reiki Masters; in Hanamaulu, Hawaii Territory (d. 1980)

December 25, 1900 (Tuesday)
 The National Basket Ball League was the first professional basketball circuit in the United States, founded in 1898. In an NBBL game on Christmas night in Trenton, New Jersey, referee L.P. Pratt was attacked by an angry mob of Trenton Nationals fans, upset when he declared a forfeit in a game against the visiting Penn Bikers of Philadelphia. The Bikers were leading 23–11 at the half. Trenton's Harry Stout called Pratt a "stiff" and a "lobster" and was ejected from the game, then came out during the second half. Pratt declared a 4–0 forfeit in favor of Penn and, according to the Trenton paper, the mob was chanting "Kill him!". Three city policemen escorting Pratt were also injured.  The Nationals, defending NBBL champs, went on to finish second to the New York Wanderers in the 1900–01 season.
 Born: Antoni Zygmund, Polish mathematician, author of Trigonometric Series, in Warsaw (d. 1992)
 Died: Jane Spencer, 74, personal attendant for Queen Victoria who had served as Lady of the Bedchamber for 46 consecutive years since 1854; the Queen would pass away four weeks later.

December 26, 1900 (Wednesday)
 A strange disappearance in the Flannan Isles of Scotland was realized when the lighthouse supply ship Hesperus stopped at the Scottish island of Eilean Mòr. The three men in charge of keeping the lighthouse at this remote location had vanished without explanation. The last entry in the logbook had been for December 15, and there was no sign of a crime, but the three men were not found after a search of the island. An official investigation concluded later that the three were probably washed off a precipice by a high wave. The mystery was later the subject of a 1980 chamber opera by Peter Maxwell Davies, The Lighthouse.
 Died:
 William George Beers, 57, Canadian dentist sports executive, known as the "father of modern lacrosse" for codifying the rules and establishing league play, died of heart disease (b. 1843) "Beers, William George", by J. Thomas West, in Dictionary of Canadian Biography
 Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi, 70, Afghan noble, ruler of Kandahar and Baluchistan; in Afghanistan (b. 1830)

December 27, 1900 (Thursday)
 Carrie Nation destroyed the elaborate bar at the Carey Hotel in Wichita, Kansas, including a crystal chandelier, the Venetian mirror behind the bar, and a large and provocative painting, Cleopatra at the Bath.
 Amnesty took effect for everyone connected with the Dreyfus affair in France.
 Died: William Armstrong, 90, English engineer and inventor, best known for creating the Armstrong gun used in British warfare throughout the 19th century, as well as the first scientist to be elevated to the House of Lords (b. 1810)

December 28, 1900 (Friday)
 Morning newspapers across United States ran the horrifying news that forty-nine school children had drowned the night before while ice skating near What Cheer, Iowa, though many emphasized that it was unconfirmed. By afternoon, the story was confirmed to have been a macabre practical joke.
 Mathematician Luther P. Eisenhart presented the first demonstration of the impossibility of a triply asymptotic system of surfaces, at a meeting of the American Mathematical Society.
 The first steel produced by electrometallurgy (from an electric furnace) was delivered, 9,000 kg of bars from the Heroult Company to Schneider & Co.
 Yu Hsien, former Governor of Shansi Province in China, was executed for atrocities committed during the Boxer Rebellion.
 Died: Alexandre de Serpa Pinto, 54, Portuguese explorer, died from heart failure at his home. The city of Serpa Pinto in Angola had been named in his honor until that nation became independent in 1975, and the name was changed to Menongue.   (b. 1846);

December 29, 1900 (Saturday)
 In a milestone for medical ethics, a regulation from the Prussian Ministry for Religious, Educational, and Medical Affairs was the first known law requiring that medical experiments be done only with "informed consent" of a patient.
 Negotiations for purchase of the future United States Virgin Islands from Denmark were completed by the United States Department of State, which announced that all that remained to be done was an appropriation by the United States Congress to complete the agreed-upon price for the Danish West Indies, twelve million kroner, worth $3,216,000 in U.S. dollars at the time. However, Congress would not actually provide the required amount until 1918.
 The bankruptcy of the London and Globe Finance Corporation led to panic on the London Stock Exchange and led to the suspension of stock sales of thirteen smaller companies.
 A multi-professional sports club, Paulistano, was founded in Cerqueira César area, São Paulo, Brazil.

December 30, 1900 (Sunday)
 On the last Sunday of the century, the New York Herald published Mark Twain's "A Greeting from the 19th Century to the 20th Century", while the New York World published the article "New York as It Will Be in 1999".
 With Edmund Barton cleared to become the first Prime Minister of Australia, the first Barton cabinet was created. In addition to being premier, Barton was the Minister for Exterior Affairs. Selected to advise him were Alfred Deakin (Attorney General); Sir William Lyne (Home Affairs); George Turner (Treasurer); Charles Kingston (Trade and Customs); Sir James Dickson (Defence); and Sir John Forrest (Postmaster).
 An imperial edict proclaimed an armistice and designated Chinese representatives authorized to negotiate with the Great Powers.

December 31, 1900 (Monday)
 At 3:00 in the afternoon in Beijing, Su-Hai, identified as the man who had killed Clemens von Ketteler, Germany's minister to China, on June 20, became the last prominent person to die in the 19th century. Su-Hai was beheaded at the scene of the crime.
 Christian churches around the world welcomed in the new century with special services beginning an hour before midnight, and the ringing of bells.
 Purists celebrated the arrival of the 20th century. In New York City, crowds gathered at City Hall Park in view of the big clock at City Hall. John Philip Sousa's band began playing at , and at 11:59, the city was darkened for a minute, before the 20th century was welcomed in with fireworks.

References

1900
1900-12
1900-12


"You're Gonna Miss Me" is a song by the American psychedelic rock band the 13th Floor Elevators, written by Roky Erickson, and released as the group's debut single on Contact Records in 1966. It was reissued nationally on International Artists, in May 1966. Musically inspired by traditional jug band and R&B music, combined with the group's own experimentation, "You're Gonna Miss Me" with its Stacy Sutherland and Tommy Hall-penned B-side "Tried to Hide" was influential in developing psychedelic rock and garage rock, and was one of the earlier rock compositions to use the electric jug. Accordingly, critics often cite "You're Gonna Miss Me" as a bona fide garage rock song and a classic of the counterculture era.

"You're Gonna Miss Me" reached number 55 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it the 13th Floor Elevators' only single to chart i the U.S. The failure of the song to achieve a higher chart listing is attributed to poor distribution by a disestablished record label. In addition, the band was prevented from consistently touring during their parole for possession of marijuana. The song was also included as a track on their debut album The Psychedelic Sounds of the 13th Floor Elevators in November 1966.

In Canada, the song reached number 54 on the RPM Magazine charts.

Composition
The song's lyrics are, for the most part, about a woman doing the singer wrong, and his boasting that "you're gonna miss me" after the two have separated, which is traditional to the template that many other garage rock bands had followed. An alternative motive to the song's concept was that the lyric, "you're gonna miss me", actually was directed toward songwriter Roky Erickson's extended absences from his family, which began when he was enrolled in junior high school. Erickson acknowledges that three compositions influenced the song's conception such as his musical role model, James Brown's "I Don't Mind", a key line of which is, "you're gonna miss me", as well as Buddy Holly's "Early in the Morning", and Muddy Waters' lesser-known recording, "You're Gonna Miss Me".

After entertaining the idea of embarking on a music career as a country singer, Erickson shifted to emulating the vocalization of rock and roll musical artists he held in high-regard, including James Brown, Little Richard, and Screamin' Jay Hawkins. However, perfecting his wails, and screams took a level of considerable difficulty, and required a degree of privacy for Erickson, who wanted to project an impression that he was naturally talented. On occasions when he rehearsed, Erickson worked in seclusion with only a few close friends, and the results manifested itself on "You're Gonna Miss Me". During these practice sessions Erickson, at age 15, composed both "You're Gonna Miss Me" and "We Sell Soul". Both of the songs originally appeared in 1965 on a single released by Erickson and his group the Spades, gathering regional success and intrigue from contemporary musical acts. Among those impressed with Erickson were jug player Tommy Hall and lead guitarist Stacy Sutherland of another local band, the Lingsmen, who swayed Erickson to join their ensemble, which soon became the 13th Floor Elevators.

Recording
The master recording of "You're Gonna Miss Me" was made on January 2, 1966 at Walt Andrus's studio in Houston, with record producer Gordon Bynum arranging the sessions. Prior to entering the studio, Erickson and bass guitarist Benny Thurman initiated last-minute rehearsals of both their old and experimental material, before concluding their safest move was to re-record "You're Gonna Miss Me", coupled with "Tried to Hide". With only a three-track available, the group was collectively recording live, reserving the other tracks for vocals and guitar. Hall's jug instrumental replaced much of Erickson's harmonica to aid in evoking the mind-altering experience of LSD, and attempt to "put the acid" into the song. According to Thurman, the band members were under the influence of the hallucinogenic drug throughout the recording process. The 13th Floor Elevators managed to record one perfect take of "You're Gonna Miss Me" in the early morning, but the playback was completely wiped from the tapes. Thurman brought an electric fiddle in hopes of utilizing the instrument on "Tried to Hide", left it on the mixing console, and the magnetic pickup consequently interfered with the recording heads.

Writer Austin Powell, in his 2011 book The Austin Chronicle Music Anthology, has noted that the influence of Little Richard's singing style is clearly heard in "You're Gonna Miss Me", with Erickson's primal shrieks and wailing. In addition to the composition's striking lead vocal, the song is also highlighted by Sutherland's precise and driving guitar motif and classic E-D-A-G chord progression. "You're Gonna Miss Me" exhibits the influence of John Coltrane, particularly in the distorted sound quality created by Hall's unique application of the electric jug. Hall was able to amplify the sound of the instrument by holding it near a microphone and through his vocal techniques. In his book The A to X of Alternative Music, music historian Steve Taylor also considers the hearsay from band members that Hall altered the pitch, and musical textures by varying the amounts of marijuana in his jug. The author goes on to conclude that the results garnered interest from listeners, and was expanded upon in the 13th Floor Elevators' later recordings.

Release
"You're Gonna Miss Me" was released on January 17, 1966 on Bynum's newly established Contact Records (the name alluding to the "contact high" the music created), reaching number two in Austin, Texas. Following the single's release, the 13th Floor Elevators were drawing sold-out audiences as advertised psychedelic music artists on a weekly basis, but also attracted the attention of the authorities. This resulted in the band being busted for possession of marijuana, a report which circulated across Texas's music underground. Additionally, the group was barred from traveling outside the state or from performing at their regular venues the Jade Room and the Wig. The 13th Floor Elevators countered by having their debut at the new venue, the New Orleans, which was broadcast live on KAZZ-FM radio, and perversely their outlaw status won them a larger audience.

In May 1966, the group negotiated a contract with International Artists to distribute "You're Gonna Miss Me" in the U.S. The reissue peaked at number 55 on the Billboard Hot 100, on October 9, 1966 and spent two months on the charts. As a consequence of poor distribution, label confusion between International Artists, Contact Records, and Hanna-Barbera Records, and excessive bootlegging, the single failed to achieve a higher positioning nationally. Nonetheless, "You're Gonna Miss Me" managed to reach the Top 10 regionally in Miami, Dallas, Detroit, and San Francisco. At the height of their popularity, the 13th Floor Elevators performed the tune on Dick Clark's American Bandstand on October 29, 1966. Infamously, prior to their act, Clark asked who the head of the group was to which Hall replied, "We're all heads!"

In November 1966, "You're Gonna Miss Me" was featured as the opening track to the 13th Floor Elevators' debut album The Psychedelic Sounds of the 13th Floor Elevators. The song later appeared on the album Live, and the 1988 live album Live: I've Seen Your Face Before. It is also included on Nuggets: Original Artyfacts from the First Psychedelic Era, 1965–1968, The Collection, The Psychedelic World of the 13th Floor Elevators, and The Very Best of the 13th Floor Elevators Going Up. The Spades' original version was released in 1965 on Zero Records.

Personnel
Roky Erickson – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, harmonica
Stacy Sutherland – lead guitar
Tommy Hall – amplified jug, backing vocals
Benny Thurman – bass guitar, backing vocals
John Ike Walton – drums, percussion

References

External links
 An Interview With Spades' Drummer John Kearney The Austin, Texas band which featured Roky Erickson on vocals and lead guitar (pre-Elevators) ©2003 Andrew Brown

1966 singles
American psychedelic rock songs
American garage rock songs
Acid rock songs
Radar Records singles
1966 songs
Songs written by Roky Erickson
The 13th Floor Elevators songs


Abronia mellifera is a species of sand verbena known by the common name white sand verbena.

This is a perennial plant endemic to the Northwestern United States, in Idaho, Wyoming, Oregon, Washington, and Utah.

References

External links
 USDA Plants Profile for Abronia mellifera (White sand verbena)

mellifera
Endemic flora of the United States
Flora of Idaho
Flora of Oregon
Flora of Utah
Endemic flora of Washington (state)
Flora of Wyoming
Plants described in 1829
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Thymoma with immunodeficiency (also known as "Good syndrome") is a rare disorder that occurs in adults in whom hypogammaglobulinemia, deficient cell-mediated immunity, and thymoma (usually benign) may develop almost simultaneously. Most reported cases are in Europe, though it occurs globally.

Dr. Robert Good was first to describe the association between thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia in 1954. Much remains to be understood about its pathogenesis.

Signs and symptoms
Most patients present with an immunodeficient state and recurrent sinopulmonary infections in their 4th or 5th decade of life. The immunodeficiency may occur before or after the diagnosis of a thymoma.

Immunodeficiency involves both deficient humoral and cellular immunity.  Patients have low total serum antibodies. The thymoma may inhibit the thymus’s normal role in production of self-tolerant T lymphocytes. These T-lymphocytes then attack the B cell precursors in the marrow, preventing maturation and ultimately resulting in hypogammaglobulinemia.

It is characterized by increased susceptibility to bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Good Syndrome is associated with other autoimmune conditions including pure red cell aplasia and myasthenia gravis.

Pathogenesis
The cause of Good Syndrome is unknown. It is thought to be an autoimmune process affecting the bone marrow.

Diagnosis

Definition
There are no formal diagnostic criteria. Generally it can be defined as an adult-onset primary immunodeficiency associated with thymoma, hypogammaglobulinemia, diminished B and T cells, and inverted CD4/CD8+ ratio. It has been suggested that Good Syndrome is a subset of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).

Treatment
The mainstay of treatment consists of thymectomy and immunoglobulin replacement with intravenous immunoglobulin. Immunodeficiency does not resolve after thymectomy. Immunosuppression is sometimes used.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend pneumococcal, meningococcal, and Hib vaccination in those with diminished humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

Some have advocated prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole if CD4 counts are lower than 200 cells/mm^3, similar to HIV/AIDS patients.

See also
 Skin lesion

References

External links

Noninfectious immunodeficiency-related cutaneous conditions
Predominantly antibody deficiencies
Syndromes affecting immunity
Syndromes with tumors


Riggs National Bank is a historic former headquarters of Riggs Bank, located at 1503–1505 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the downtown Washington, D.C. neighborhood.

It was designed by architects York and Sawyer in 1899, completed in 1902, and is an example of Classical Revival architecture.
Between 1922 and 1924, a west office wing designed by Appleton P. Clark Jr. was added.

Riggs National Bank was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973; in addition, the building is a contributing property to the Fifteenth Street Financial Historic District and the Lafayette Square Historic District.

See also
Riggs National Bank, Washington Loan and Trust Company Branch, also NRHP-listed in Washington, D.C.

References

External links

 Historic photo, via the Smithsonian Institution

Bank buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
Commercial buildings completed in 1902
Neoclassical architecture in Washington, D.C.
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Washington, D.C.
Riggs family


Robert Edwin Firth (20 February 1887 – 1966) was an English footballer who played for Birmingham, Wellington Town, Nottingham Forest, Port Vale, and Southend United. He scored 22 goals from 242 appearances in the Football League. He later coached Spanish La Liga teams Racing de Santander and Real Madrid, leading Santander to a second-place finish in 1930–31 and Madrid to two Campeonato Regional Centro titles and to a first-place finish in La Liga in 1932–33 and a second-place finish in 1933–34.

Playing career
Firth played for Birmingham Corporation Transport and Golders Green before joining Birmingham. He played nine Second Division and FA Cup games in the 1909–10 season. He scored his first goal in the Football League on 10 December 1910, in a 1–0 win over Lincoln City at Sincil Bank, and went on to score two goals in 18 appearances in the 1910–11 campaign. After leaving St Andrew's he played for Wellington Town and Nottingham Forest, before joining Port Vale in June 1921 after serving in the Royal Field Artillery during the First World War. He claimed his first goal for the club on 29 August, in a 3–0 win over Clapton Orient at The Old Recreation Ground. He went on to score five goals in 39 Second Division games in the 1921–22 season, and was a member of the side which shared the North Staffordshire Infirmary Cup in 1922. However he was released at the end of the season and moved on to Southend United.

Coaching career
He coached Racing de Santander from 1930 to 1932. He led Santander to second in La Liga in 1930–31, behind champions Athletic Bilbao on goal difference. They went on to finish the 1931–32 season in fourth place. Firth then swapped the Estadio El Sardinero for Real Madrid. He spent two seasons in charge at Estadio Chamartín, leading Madrid to the league title in 1932–33, before leaving them after a second-place finish in 1933–34. He also led the club to two successive Campeonato Regional Centro victories. He also took Madrid to the 1933 final of the Copa del Presidente de la República, which ended in a 2–1 defeat to Athletic Bilbao at the Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys.

Career statistics

Honours
Port Vale
North Staffordshire Infirmary Cup: 1922 (shared)

Real Madrid
La Liga: 1932–33
Campeonato Regional Centro: 1933, 1934

References

1887 births
Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands
English men's footballers
English expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Men's association football midfielders
Birmingham City F.C. players
Telford United F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Southend United F.C. players
English Football League players
English football managers
English expatriate football managers
Racing de Santander managers
Real Madrid CF managers
La Liga managers
Expatriate football managers in Spain
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Field Artillery soldiers
1966 deaths
Date of death missing
Place of death missing


WBWP-LD (channel 19) is a low-power television station in West Palm Beach, Florida, United States, which primarily airs paid programming. The station is owned by SagamoreHill Broadcasting. WBWP-LD's transmitter is located on Old Dixie Highway in Lake Park, Florida.

History
The station was founded in 2000; however, it did not begin broadcasting until August 15, 2004.

Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

References

Television channels and stations established in 2000
2000 establishments in Florida
BWP-LD
Independent television stations in the United States
Catchy Comedy affiliates
Movies! affiliates
Heroes & Icons affiliates
BWP
SagamoreHill Broadcasting


"You're Only Lonely" is a 1979 single by J. D. Souther from his album of the same name. The single peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100, Souther's only top ten pop hit, and spent five weeks at number one on the Adult Contemporary chart.

Background
Souther hired Danny Kortchmar to play guitar, David Sanborn saxophone, and to help out with the harmony, Phil Everly, Jackson Browne, and three members of the Eagles  (Frey, Felder, Henley).

Charts

Cover versions
The song was covered in 2004 by Taiwanese girl group S.H.E in their album Magical Journey.
It was covered by singer-songwriter Schuyler Fisk on her album The Good Stuff.
Patrick Norman covered the song to Québec in French as "Tout au long de ma vie" with his clear smooth voice.
Also covered by Raul Malo of The Mavericks, on his 2006 album "You're Only Lonely"

Popular culture
It is also featured in the 2005 Korean film, Daddy-Long-Legs and the 2013 Korean drama, Give Love Away.

See also
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1979 (U.S.)

References

1979 singles
J. D. Souther songs
Songs written by J. D. Souther
1979 songs
Columbia Records singles


Abronia fragrans, the sweet sand-verbena, snowball sand-verbena, prairie snowball or fragrant verbena,  is a species of sand verbena.

Description
Abronia fragrans, sweet sand-verbena, is an herbaceous perennial with an upright or sprawling growth habit, reaching 8–40 inches (about 20–102 cm).  It grows from a taproot with sticky, hairy stems growing from 7.1 inches to 3.3 feet (18–100 cm) long.

The flowers consist of 4 to 5 petaloid sepals and sepaloid bracts with a tubular corolla borne in clusters of 25 to 80 at the ends of stems. The blossoms are usually white but may be green-, lavender-, or pink-tinged.  The sticky leaves are simple and opposite, up to 3.5" (8.89 cm) long and 1.2" (3 cm) wide, and elliptical or linear. The fruits are egg-shaped achenes about 0.1" (.25 cm) long, lustrous, and black or brown. The achene is enclosed within a leathery top-shaped calyx base which may or may not be winged.

The flowers of this plant open in the evening and close again in the morning, a habit which gives the Nyctaginaceae family its common name of Four O'clocks. The blosoms are a pure white throughout most of its range, but in southern areas they sometimes have a slight blush of lavender-pink. The flowering recurs irregularly from June until late fall.

Taxonomy
There is dispute as to the classification of Abronia fragrans, with some recognizing Abronia elliptica as a separate species (Kartesz, Weber) and others believing that the two are the same plant (Welsh).  The separation of the two species is based on variances of several characteristics including the shape of the fruit, the hairiness of various parts of the plants, and rhizomatous spreading.

This species was collected by Thomas Nuttall in 1834 near the Platte River and was named by him in Hookers 1853 description.  The species name, fragrans, means 'fragrant' and refers to the sweet smell of the blossoms, while the genus name is from the Greek "abros" meaning delicate.

Distribution and habitat
The native range of sweet sand-verbena extends from Northern Arizona to western Texas and Oklahoma north through the Rocky Mountain and western plains regions of the United States and south to Chihuahua, Mexico.  Sweet sand-verbena occurs in prairies, plains, and savannas where it can be found growing in loose, dry, sandy soils.

Cultivation
Sweet sand-verbena is grown in gardens for its attractive blossoms and fragrance, and to attract butterflies. In garden settings it is not as exacting of soil requirements as it is in the wild.

Uses
The Indigenous peoples of the Southwest use the plant as a wash for sores and insect bites, to treat stomachache, and as an appetite booster. Among the Navajo, it is used medicinally for boils and taken internally when a spider was swallowed. The Kayenta Navajo use it as a cathartic, for insect bites, as a sudorific, as an emetic, for stomach cramps, and as a general panacea. The Ramah Navajo use it as a lotion for sores or sore mouth and to bathe perspiring feet.

The Keres mix ground roots of the plant with corn flour, and eat to gain weight. They  also use this mixture to keep from becoming greedy, and they make ceremonial necklaces from the plant.

The Ute use as a roots and flowers for stomach and bowel troubles, whereas the Zuni use the fresh flowers alone for stomachaches. The Acoma and the Laguna mix the ground roots with cornmeal and eat the mixture as food.

References

External links

fragrans
Flora of Northwestern Mexico
Flora of the Southwestern United States
Flora of Arizona
Flora of Chihuahua (state)
Flora of Colorado
Flora of New Mexico
Flora of Texas
Flora of Oklahoma
Flora of the Rocky Mountains
Plants described in 1853
Plants used in Native American cuisine
Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
Butterfly food plants
Garden plants of North America
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


It Crawled into My Hand, Honest is the fifth studio album by The Fugs, a band composed of anti-war poets.  It was released in the US by record company Reprise.

History
When poet and publisher Ed Sanders established a bookstore next to the apartment of beat poet and publisher Tuli Kupferberg in 1964, the two decided to form a band, The Fugs, writing 50–60 songs between them prior to asking Ken Weaver to join. In subsequent years, this core trio worked with a number of musicians as they produced a series of albums in quick succession.  It crawled... was their fifth studio album.

The band built up a cult following, gaining admiration from counter-culture figures such as William S. Burroughs and Abbie Hoffman.  They were known especially for their pro-drugs, anti-war stance, use of poetry in their music, and large number of sexual references in their songs.

Due to their overt sexual content, The Fugs were at risk of censorship.  However, while on Reprise Records, the company president Mo Ostin showed a willingness to release Fugs material uncensored. This era of freedom began with the release of the album Tenderness Junction, released in early 1968.  Work on It crawled.. began straight after.

The album was The Fugs' most expensive, costing around $25,000. The working title was Rapture of the Deep; this along with Tenderness Junction, and "It Crawled..." demonstrate The Fugs' enjoyment of including thinly-veiled sexual references in their work.

Musical style

In 1967, The Fugs' sound had developed considerably from their early works such as The Fugs First Album, with several complex and interesting compositions.  This was partly due to personnel changes; Charles Larkey, an excellent bassist, and Ken Pine, a skilled guitarist were added in 1967 and played on both this and the preceding album Tenderness Junction. Session musicians also added to the depth of the work; Band leader Sanders later stated:
For back-up harmonies, we used some fine singers who had worked as Harry Belafonte's harmonists. You can hear them, say, on "Wide, Wide River," and "When the Mode of the Music Changes".

Described as "ambitious and extravagant sounding", It Crawled Into My Hand, Honest takes the form of a sound collage with tracks linked by snippets of chants, prayers and exorcisms. Kris Needs of Record Collector describes the album as a "total collage assault". Chuck Foster of The Big Takeover highlights the eclectic nature of the first side of the album, veering between psychedelic rock, country, blues and easy listening, while drawing attention to the "strange sound collage of songs and vocal snippets" that forms the second side. Sanders said he intended the second side of the album be a "like a long collage". Richie Unterberger said that the integration of a "side-long suite" was comparable to the Mothers of Invention's We're Only in It for the Money and the Holy Modal Rounders' The Moray Eels Eat the Holy Modal Rounders, both also from 1968. Writing for AllMusic, he similarly said that the album beings with "five discrete tracks" before moving into a "cut-and-paste of tracks varying in length from three seconds to four minutes, the stylistic jump-cuts similar to those employed by the Mothers of Invention in the same era."

Among the diverse styles explored on the album include satirical country music ("Ramses II Is Dead My Love"), grandiose classical music ("Burial Waltz"), comedic gospel ("Wide Wide River"), folk rock ("Life Is Strange") and Gregorian chant ("Marijuana"), with choral backing vocals throughout. As with Tenderness Junction, the album begins with a psychedelic rock track, "Crystal Liaison". The love song, which has been compared to the Bonzo Doo Dah Dog Band, was released as a single. The album also introduces Sanders' redneck character Johnny Pissoff, who represented a musical style described by Sanders as "beatnik country"; another example of the Fugs working in the genre is "We Don't Allow No Robots in Sunday School". One track recites the word "marijuana" in the style of a Catholic Latin hymn. There were some discarded songs, including "Beautyway", a lengthy song written with composer Burton Green that was named for a Navajo advert, and "The Vision of William Blake's Garden". A lengthy, intricate piece named "Magic Rite" was recorded earlier in 1968 for the album but only appeared in snippet form, under the name "Irene (Peace)".

The Fugs also introduced the use of a pair of drummers at this period: founder member Ken Weaver plus new recruit Bob Mason. Despite the changes, the underlying approach of The Fugs remained irreverent and humorous.  The album featured a high number of short tracks, many included for their comic value, such as "National Haiku Contest", a teenager's surreal haiku in response to an unwanted pregnancy, and "Robinson Crusoe" a sketch on sexual frustration featuring Robinson Crusoe and Man Friday.  In supporting tours, founding band member Kupferberg used a wide range of unusual costumes, and punctuated performances with wild dances and witty satiric routines. Political and social commentary also remained highly prominent, with tracks such as the pro-drugs eulogy "Marijuana", the redneck satire "Johnny Pissoff Meets the Red Angel", and the pro-peace chant "Irene".

Track listing
Side A
Crystal Liaison [3:17]
Ramses II Is Dead, My Love [2:55]
Burial Waltz [2:31]
Wide, Wide River [2:58]
Life Is Strange [2:40]
Side B
Johnny Pissoff Meets the Red Angel [4:45]
Marijuana [1:43]
Leprechaun [0:15]
When the Mode of the Music Changes [3:59]
Whimpers From the Jello [0:24]
Divine Toe, Pt. 1 [0:42]
We're Both Dead Now, Alice [0:18]
Life Is Funny [0:17]
Grope Need, Pt. 1/Tuli, Visited By the Ghost of Plotinus/More Grope Need [0:43]
Robinson Crusoe [0:21]
Claude Pelieu and J.J. Lebel Discuss the Early Verlaine Bread Crust Fragments [4:41]
National Haiku Contest [0:28]
Divine Toe, Pt. 2 [0:52]
Irene [1:14]

Personnel

Ed Sanders – vocals
Ken Weaver – drums, vocals
Tuli Kupferberg – vocals
Ken Pine – guitar, vocals
Danny Kootch – guitar, violin
Charles Larkey – bass

Produced by Richard Alderson

References

The Fugs albums
1968 albums
Reprise Records albums
Transatlantic Records albums
Albums produced by Ed Sanders
Sound collage albums


NGC 39 (also known as UGC 114, MCG 5-1-52, ZWG 499.76  or PGC 852) is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered in 1790.

References

External links

 NGC 39
 seds.org

Unbarred spiral galaxies
Andromeda (constellation)
0039
00852
00114
17901102