Affect measures (measures of affect or measures of emotion) are used in the study of human affect (including emotions and mood), and refer to measures obtained from self-report studies asking participants to quantify their current feelings or average feelings over a longer period of time. Even though some affect measures contain variations that allow assessment of basic predispositions to experience a certain emotion, tests for such stable traits are usually considered to be personality tests.

Differentiating affect from other terms
Scholarly work has noted the problematic nature of using the terms “emotion”, “affect” and “mood” interchangeably. A lack of thorough understanding of these concepts could influence the choice of measures used in assessing the emotional components of interest in a study, leading to a less optimal research result. The differentiation among these key concepts in affect research in the current era is becoming increasingly important, as consistent effort has been made to move out of the stage of using these constructs interchangeably.

Affect
Affect refers to the mental feeling from inside the body that underlies all emotional experience. It varies in valence (from unpleasant to pleasant) and arousal (from deactivated to activated). While affect is a general term, core affect is one of the fundamental components that constitute a basic emotional unit, what they termed as prototypical emotional episode, as proposed by Russell and Barrett in their seminal work. They suggest that besides core affect, other ingredients such as behavior facial emotional expression are also parts of one emotional unit.

Emotion

Emotion is a “complex set of interrelated subevents concerned with a specific object”. In other words, emotion is a physical compound constituted by a number of more basic ingredients. This view comes from the psychological constructionist tradition, a more recent and theoretically rich approach. Earlier tradition in the study of human emotion can be broadly divided into two, namely appraisal and basic emotion approach. The appraisal tradition views emotion as a short-lived experience that involves cognitive appraisal as its defining feature, while the basic emotion approach believes that there are exclusive categories in emotional states.

Mood
Mood distinguishes from emotion in duration and intensity. Generally, mood is viewed as more persistent and less intense than emotional state, and as a result more stable. It falls between the fleeting emotional states and more enduring trait.

Overview of affect measures
One categorization of affect measures is based on whether the measure focuses on transitory state or relatively stable trait dimension. The instructions of measures provide different timeframes to examine the continuum from state to trait. For example, the question framed as "In your daily life, how often do you feel...?" is measuring an enduring trait, while the question "How do you feel right now at this very moment?" is a measure for emotional states.

Another way to categorize the measures is to differentiate between distinct-states approach and dimensional approach. Examples of measures using distinct-states approach include theProfile of Mood States (POMS2), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Dimensional approach adopts the psychological constructionist tradition, but has been criticized for assuming the “emotions can be reduced to pleasant and unpleasant states or that affect alone provides a sufficient explanation for emotion”. Examples of the dimensional approach measures include the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM).

A three-step process is proposed for choosing an affective measure. Firstly, consider what the specific construct it is that you want to measure. Secondly, choosing the theoretical framework in accordance with the construct. Lastly, evaluate the psychometric feature of the measures available (e.g. reliability, validity, etc.).

Measures of general affect

Affective Slider
The Affective Slider is an empirically validated digital scale for the self-assessment of affect composed of two slider controls that measure basic emotions in terms of pleasure and arousal, which constitute a bidimensional emotional space called core affect, that can be used to map more complex conscious emotional states.

PANAS

One frequently used measure for general affective states is the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Participants completing the PANAS are asked to rate the extent to which they experienced each out of 20 emotions on a 5-point Likert Scale ranging from "very slightly" to "very much". The exact instructions may vary according to the purpose of the study: Participants may be asked how they feel right now or during longer periods of time (e.g. during the past year). Half of the presented emotion words concern negative affect (distressed, upset, guilty, ashamed, hostile, irritable, nervous, jittery, scared, afraid), the other half positive affect (interested, alert, attentive, excited, enthusiastic, inspired, proud, determined, strong, active). The PANAS has been regarded as a highly reliable measure for non-clinical populations. Independent validation studies indicate that the measure demonstrates excellent construct validity. Regardless of its wide use, PANAS has several limitations that researchers should be aware of in the selection process. As the original theory suggests, affect is a bipolar construct with a composite of valence and arousal. However, the categorization of positive emotion and negative emotion displays unipolarity that is contrary to its theoretical base. Another issue could be seen as the historical constraints. Originally developed as a measure for moods, the items in PANAS represent a mixture of different constructs like affect, emotion and mood. Some items do not fall into any of the categories, for example, distressed and nervous.

PANAS-X
The expanded version of PANAS is called PANAS-X and includes 60 instead of 20 emotion words (items). The instructions and the answer format are identical to the short PANAS. However, PANAS-X not only measures general positive and negative affect, but also four basic negative emotions (fear, hostility, guilt, and sadness), three basic positive emotions (joviality, self-assurance, and attentiveness), and four more complex affective states (shyness, fatigue, serenity, and surprise). The internal consistency (Cronbach's coefficient alpha) for all of these scales can be regarded sufficient (with all α≥.74), that is people report that they experience all emotions that make up one of the scales with similar strength. The manual of the PANAS-X offers further extensive psychometric information.

I-PANAS-SF
The International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (I-PANAS-SF) is a shortened version of the PANAS, intended to only contain cross-culturally well understandable emotion words. In contrast to an earlier ad hoc created short forms of the PANAS, the I-PANAS-FX has been developed in a multi-study procedure including studies with participants from 16 countries. In the I-PANAS-SF, positive affect is measured using the words: active, alert, attentive, determined and inspired; negative affect is measured with the words: afraid, ashamed, hostile, nervous and upset. The I-PANAS-SF is intended for general use in research situations where either time or space is limited, and for international use with participants whose native language is not English.

STEM
The State-Trait Emotion Measure (STEM) is a more recently constructed measure that is explicitly framed to assess emotions at the workplace. The STEM assesses stable (trait) and current emotions (state) for five positive and five negative emotions: affection, anger, anxiety, attentiveness/energy, contentment, envy, guilt/shame, joy, pride, and sadness.

As opposed to the PANAS, people filling out the STEM are not only provided the emotion word, but also (1) a definition of that emotion, and (2) several example situation in which that emotion is usually felt from the work setting. Also, STEM assesses stable and current emotions at the same time, i.e. people are asked to mark the extent to which they felt each emotion "during your most recent day of work" and separately "How you generally feel when you are working". Another unique characteristic of the STEM is that it does not employ a standard Likert Scale that uses the same words to describe the points of the scale. Instead, several points of the scale are labeled with more precise emotion words related to the emotion in question, e.g. the scale for joy uses "amiable" as midpoint, "cheerful" to mark 8/10 and "happy" as positive extreme.

DES-IV
Differential Emotions Scale (DES) is developed on the basis of Differential Emotions Theory, which contends that emotions are closely related to the formation of personality. The scale advances to DES-IV with the theoretical development. DES-IV includes 36 items using a 5-point frequency Likert scale (from rarely or never to very often). These items can be divided into 12 categories that measure 12 fundamental emotions, which include interest, enjoyment, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, guilt, shame, shyness, and hostility inward. The inclusion of three sets of instructions allows the measure of long-term traits, persistent mood states and transient emotional states. It is viewed as a relatively reliable and flexible measure.

POMS2
Profile of Mood States (POMS2) contains 65 items that assess seven mood state dimensions, labeled as nervousness (tension-anxiety), unhappiness (depression-dejection), fury (anger-hostility), energy (vigor-activity), exhaustion (fatigue-inertia), inability to concentrate (confusion-bewilderment) and friendliness. Compared to its first edition, POMS2 updated some of the core adjectives and added more normative sample. The popularity of POMS2 has enabled its use in various populations in clinical studies.

Measures of negative affect

STAXI
The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) has been developed as a 44-item questionnaire to assess stable (trait) and current (state) intensity of the expression of anger. Its current version is the STAXI-2 which has also been adapted for the use with children and adolescents.

The STAXI(-2) distinguishes between the three modes of anger expression: anger-out, anger-in and anger-control. Anger-out refers to a tendency to express anger through either verbal or physical behaviors. Anger-in or suppressed anger refers to the tendency to hold one's anger on the inside without any outlet. Anger-control refers to the tendency to engage in behaviors intended to reduce overt anger expression.

ARS
The Anger Rumination Scale (ARS) is a measure for the tendency to focus attention on angry moods, recall past anger experiences, and think about the causes and consequences of anger episodes. The questionnaire includes 19 items that assess four distinct aspects of anger: angry afterthoughts, thoughts of revenge, angry memories and understanding of causes. The items that contribute to each of these four scales have been shown to be answered in a highly similar way, i.e. they have high internal consistency.

STAS
The State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS) includes 10 items and initially constructed with two subscales: state anger (S-Anger), defined as an emotional state or condition that consists of subjective feelings of tension, annoyance, irritation, fury and rage; trait anger (T-Anger) defined in terms of individual differences in the frequency that S-Anger was experienced over time. The scores on both subscales were found to be unrelated to each other. While responses to all items of the S-Anger scale were found to be equally related to this same scale (high internal consistency), this was not true for the T-Anger scale. The T-Anger scale was therefore divided in two subscales: Angry Temperament – which describes the disposition to express anger – and Angry Reaction, which describes anger responses.

See also
 Emotion classification
 Negative affectivity
 Positive affectivity
 Self-report inventory

References

Emotion
Personality tests


Cecil James Olaf Moorhouse (1 January 1924 – 6 January 2014)  was a British politician and former Member of the European Parliament.

He was educated at St Paul's School, London, King's College London (BSc Eng, 1945) and Imperial College London where here took a diploma in advanced aeronautics. He served as Conservative MEP for London South from 1979 to 1984, and as Conservative MEP for London South and Surrey East from 1984 until October 1998 when he "defected to the Liberal Democrats after disagreeing with Mr Hague's policy on the euro." He remained in the European Parliament as Liberal Democrat MEP for London South and Surrey East until 1999.

References

1924 births
2014 deaths
People educated at St Paul's School, London
Alumni of King's College London
Alumni of Imperial College London
Conservative Party (UK) MEPs
Liberal Democrats (UK) MEPs
MEPs for England 1979–1984
MEPs for England 1984–1989
MEPs for England 1989–1994
MEPs for England 1994–1999


Waltendorf ( is the 9th district of the Austrian city of Graz. It borders the districts of Ries to the north, St. Peter to the south and St. Leonhard mostly to the west. It had a population of 11,619 in 2010 and covers an area of 4.48 square kilometres. The postal codes of Waltendorf are 8010, 8042, 8043, 8047.
There are two small castles in the district the 'Schloss Lustbühel' and the 'Hallerschloss', as well as a church the 'Rupertikirche' in 'Hohenrain'. Within the north of the district, next to the Ragnitz brook, there is one of the largest collection of high-risers in Graz, called 'Berliner Ring'. Some of the high risers have the solar water heating systems on their roof tops.

References


The Anna Freud Centre (now renamed Anna Freud) is a child mental health research, training and treatment centre located in London, United Kingdom. The Centre aims to transform current mental health provision in the UK by improving the quality, accessibility and effectiveness of treatment, bringing together leaders in neuroscience, mental health, social care and education. It is closely associated with University College London (UCL) and Yale University. The Princess of Wales currently serves as its royal patron.

History
The Hampstead Child Therapy Course was started by Anna Freud in 1947. Students included Joyce McDougall, who had her first experience of intensive analysis with children whilst on the course. The Hampstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic was founded in 1952 by Anna Freud, Dorothy Burlingham, and Helen Ross, becoming the first child psychoanalytic centre for observational research, teaching and learning. The Hampstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic was established as a charity with the purpose of providing training, treatment and research in child psychoanalysis. After Anna Freud's death in 1982, the Centre was renamed the "Anna Freud Centre".

The Centre's current Directors, Linda Mayes, Peter Fonagy, and Mary Target, were appointed in 2003. Their aim has been to secure the Anna Freud Centre's position as the leading psychoanalytic innovator and provider of mental health treatment to children and families in Europe.

In June 2003 a study conducted jointly by the Anna Freud Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital and Coram Family Adoption Services on the way in which abused children can have their faith in adults restored through adoption was published. In September 2009 a collaborative project involving the Anna Freud Centre, Kids Company and UCL was launched to study what happens to the brains of children who have suffered early trauma. In May 2010 a campaign was launched by the charity Kids Company to raise £5 million to fund a study into how children's brain development is affected by loving care and attachment, with the study work to be conducted by the Anna Freud Centre in partnership with the Institute of Psychiatry, UCL, the Tavistock Clinic and Oxford University.

Activities

Treatment
The Centre provides short-term and long-term specialist treatments for children suffering from mental illnesses.

Research
The Centre conducts research in collaboration with the Yale University Child Study Center and the Menninger Department of Psychiatry at Baylor College of Medicine. The Centre's historic links with Yale University have been renewed through the recently established Anna Freud Centre/Yale Child Study Center Bridge Programme. Research teams from the Menninger Department of Psychiatry, the Anna Freud Centre and Yale Child Study Center form a developmental and clinical psychoanalytically-inspired research consortium.

The Centre also hosts the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) Evidence Based Practice Unit, an interdisciplinary research unit which is part of University College London. Its research focuses on supporting the implementation of evidence-based practice and also gathering practice-based evidence for mental health interventions. Current projects include a national evaluation of therapies (part of the Children and Young People's Improving Access to Psychological Therapies programme); research on shared decision making; and the development of models for resource need as part of the CAMHS Payment by Results project.

Teaching
The Centre offers the following certificate, diploma and MSc courses:

MRes (previously MSc) in Developmental Neuroscience & Psychopathology (in collaboration with UCL and Yale University; Child Study Center). This course was established in 2006 as part of the new Anna Freud Centre/Yale Child Study Center Bridge Programme and addresses a growing interest among both neuroscientists and developmental scholars in integrating ideas of social-emotional development with contemporary understanding of brain development and brain function. It consists of one year of teaching at the Anna Freud Centre/UCL, and one year or independent research at the Yale Child Study Center/Yale University.
MSc in Psychoanalytic Developmental Psychology (in collaboration with UCL). The course combines theoretical consideration of psychoanalytic perspectives on developmental issues and inter-family relationships with year-long observations of infants and children.
MSc in Developmental Psychology & Clinical Practice
UCL Post Graduate Certificate/Post Graduate Diploma/MSc in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and other Outcomes-Based Interventions. These new UCL programmes are intended for all professionals working in children's services, including social care, education and health.
PGCert in ‘Leadership and change’ new from Jan 2020

The Centre also offers an extensive range of short courses.

Library
The Anna Freud Centre Library supports the academic, clinical and research activities at the Centre. It currently holds approximately 2,000 books covering both historical and contemporary psychoanalytic material, and subscribes to 22 journal titles. Electronic access to research publications is also available.

Alumni
Notable alumni of the Centre include Erna Furman.

See also
Anna Freud
Psychoanalytic Study of the Child
Freud Museum
Child Guidance

References

External links
Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families
Baylor College of Medicine
UCL Psychoanalysis Unit
University College London
Yale Child Study Center
Yale University

Health in London
University College London
Research institutes established in 1952
Psychiatric research institutes
1952 establishments in England
Pediatric organizations


Richard Rahul Verma (born November 27, 1968) is an Indian-American diplomat, who serves as the deputy secretary of state for management and resources, a position he has held since April 5, 2023. He served as the assistant secretary of state for legislative affairs from 2009 to 2011, and as the U.S. ambassador to India from 2014 to 2017. He served as the chief legal officer and head of global public policy at Mastercard, from 2020 to 2023, and as the vice chair of the Asia Group from 2017 to 2020, where he oversaw the firm's South Asia practice. He also practiced law for many years at Steptoe & Johnson LLP in Washington DC, and served as a Senior Counselor and Lead of the India and South Asia practice at Albright Stonebridge Group.

Early life and education
Verma's parents were born in India and lived through the partition of India. They first immigrated to the United States in the early 1960s. Verma's father was an English professor at the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown for forty years. His late mother was a special education teacher.

The youngest of five children, Verma grew up in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and attended public school in the Westmont Hilltop School District. Verma holds degrees from Georgetown University (PhD), Georgetown University Law Center (LLM), American University Washington College of Law (JD), and Lehigh University (BS, Industrial Engineering). At Lehigh, Verma was an ROTC cadet, member of Lambda Chi Alpha, and senior class president.

Early career

Verma began his career in the United States Air Force as an Air Force judge advocate, serving on active duty from 1994 to 1998. His military decorations include the Meritorious Service Medal and the Air Force Commendation Medal.

Verma later served as the senior national security advisor to Senate majority leader Harry Reid from 2002 to 2007. In 2008, he was a member of the Commission on the Prevention of WMD proliferation and terrorism, and co-authored World at Risk (2008).

After the inauguration of President Barack Obama, he joined the State Department in 2009 as assistant secretary of state for legislative affairs under Secretary Hillary Clinton, replacing Matthew A. Reynolds.

U.S. ambassador to India
In September 2014, President Obama nominated Verma as the next U.S. ambassador to India. On December 4, 2014, the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations voted to forward Verma's nomination to the full Senate. On December 9, 2014, Verma was unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate

Verma was the first person of Indian descent to hold the position. As ambassador to India, Verma is credited with the historic deepening and expansion of U.S.-India bilateral ties. Verma oversaw one of the largest U.S. diplomatic missions in the world, including four consulates with staff from nearly every agency in the U.S. Government. During his tenure, he championed historic progress in India–United States relations. He oversaw several meetings between President Obama and Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and created over 100 new initiatives and more than 40 government-to-government dialogues. He was also the first U.S. ambassador to travel to every Indian state.

Post-ambassador career
Verma stepped down from his post as ambassador on January 20, 2017 following the inauguration of President Donald Trump.

Verma went on to serve as chief legal officer at Mastercard. Verma is also an active thought leader and commentator on international relations, international law, trade, and diplomacy. He served as a senior fellow the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, and served on the boards of T. Rowe Price and the National Endowment for Democracy. He is a trustee of Lehigh University, where he gave the 151st commencement address in May 2019. He was a centennial fellow at the Walsh School of Foreign Service and co-chaired the Center for American Progress U.S.-India Task Force.

In May 2022, Verma was appointed to serve as a member of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board.

Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources
In December 2022, President Joe Biden announced his intent to nominate Verma for the role of deputy secretary of state for management and resources. His nomination was praised by the Indian American Impact Fund. On March 30, 2023, the United States Senate confirmed him by a 67–26 vote. Verma was sworn in on April 5, 2023.

Personal life
Verma is married and has three children.

He is the recipient of numerous awards and honors, including the State Department's Distinguished Service Medal, the Council on Foreign Relations International Affairs Fellowship, and the Chief Justice John Marshall Lifetime Service Award. He was named by India Abroad magazine as one of the fifty most influential Indian-Americans in the country.

References

External links

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1968 births
Ambassadors of the United States to India
American politicians of Indian descent
Biden administration personnel
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Lehigh University alumni
Living people
Obama administration personnel
United States Assistant Secretaries of State
United States Deputy Secretaries of State
Washington College of Law alumni


Yusuff Ali Musaliam Veettil Abdul Kader, popularly known as M. A. Yusuff Ali (born 15 November 1955), is Indian businessman and billionaire. He is the Chairman and Managing Director of LuLu Group International, which owns the LuLu Hypermarket chain worldwide and LuLu International Shopping Mall. With an annual turnover of US$8.4 billion, LuLu Group International employs the largest number of Indians outside India. According to Forbes Middle East, Yusuff Ali was ranked No. 1 in Top 100 Indian business owners in the Arab World 2018. As per Forbes billionaires list published on October 2023, he was ranked 27th richest Indian with net worth of US$6.9 billion.

In 2006, he started his large business ventures in India, by starting a convention centre cum hotel at his native place Thrissur, Kerala namely Lulu Convention Centre. In 2013, Yusuff Ali acquired 4.99% of the Thrissur-based Catholic Syrian Bank (CSB) and 4.99% shares of Thrissur based Dhanlaxmi Bank. Also in 2013, he increased his stake in the Aluva-based Federal Bank to 4.47%. In 2014 Yusuff Ali acquired 2% stake of South Indian Bank - another Thrissur based bank. In 2016, Yusuff Ali purchased the Scotland Yard Building in London. , he held a 9.37% share in Cochin International Airport. He has bought a 10% stake in the UK-based trading firm, East India Company, and a 40% stake in its fine foods subsidiary for around $85 million in total.

The Lulu Bolgatty International Convention Centre on Bolghatty Island in Kochi is one of the largest convention centres in South Asia, along with Grand Hyatt hotel in the same campus. Lulu group's First Mall in India was LuLu International Shopping Mall, Kochi started in 2013, then in  2019, he started shopping mall in India at Triprayar, Thrissur, Kerala, the Y Mall. In October 2021, Lulu group opened their second mall in India, Global Mall, at Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka. In December 2021, Lulu group opened their third mall in India at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. In July 2022, Lulu group opened their fourth mall in India at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. And in 2023, LuLu Group launches a new hypermarket and mall in Hyderabad, as well as a hypermarket in Coimbatore.

Early life
Yusuff Ali was born in a Muslim family in Nattika in Thrissur district of Kerala on 15 November 1955. He did his schooling in Karanchira at St. Xavier's High School. He holds a diploma in Business Management and Administration.

After his studies, he left India in 1973 to Abu Dhabi, where his paternal uncle, M K Abdullah, the chairman and the founder of the LuLu Group of Companies, was doing business. He developed the import and wholesale distribution of the group and ventured into the supermarket business by launching Lulu Hypermarket. He started his first Lulu Hypermarket in the 1990s, a time when the UAE's retail sector witnessed a major change, with the traditional groceries and supermarkets yielding place to large neighborhood stores and hypermarkets. While the entry of Continent (now Carrefour) in 1995 changed the face of retail business in Dubai, Yusuff Ali took charge of Abu Dhabi's retail sector by rolling out LuLu Hypermarket.

LuLu Group International
LuLu Group International commenced its operations as a family business venture. After joining the business, Yusuff Ali diversified the business to include import and distribution of frozen products from Europe and the United States. The products were available not only in Abu Dhabi but also in other Emirates. The business was soon expanded to include both food and non-food categories. The group also started cold storages, meat, and food processing plants, large-scale import and distribution to hotel groups, catering companies, and shipping services. By the 1980s, the group had a sizable share of the wholesale and retail food market in the UAE.

The group has grown into an international group with operations spread over three continents. The group's flagship retail chain of LuLu Hypermarkets and Supermarkets is currently rated as one of the major players in the Middle East retail sector with more than 100 stores in Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Apart from the hypermarkets, supermarkets and department stores, the group also owns several shopping malls, namely, Khalidiyah Mall, Al Raha Mall, Al Wahda Mall, Mushriff Mall, Madinat Zayed Mall, Mazyad Mall, Ramli Mall, RAK Mall, Al Foah Mall, Al Khor Mall, Riyadh Avenue Mall in Saudi Arabia and Oman Avenues Mall spread across the GCC states.

LuLu International Shopping Mall in Kochi, Kerala was opened on 10 March 2013. It is the group's first retail venture in India, and currently the largest shopping mall in India. LuLu International Shopping Mall in Thiruvananthapuram was opened in 2021. The Group has a vast organizational structure of over 65,000 employees, representing 42 different nationalities, out of which more than 30,000 are Indians. Retail business is the mainstay of the Group with operations in major Middle Eastern and African countries like UAE, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt and Kenya, having Retail Sourcing and manufacturing bases located in Far East, India, Africa and Guangzhou in China. Indian operations mainly include Food Processing, Export of Food & Non food products and convention center with bases in Delhi, Mumbai, Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Chennai, Lucknow and Thrissur. Deloitte has ranked the Group as one of the fastest growing retailers in the world.

Philanthropy
Yusuff Ali is very closely involved in many social, charitable and humanitarian activities both in India as well as in the Arab states of the Gulf. He has done various philanthropic activities across the globe. As part of its Global CSR policy, the LuLu Group joined hands with Dubai Cares and adopted schools in Gaza and Nepal. Yusuff Ali contributed and took initiative to open a multi-faith funeral centre for the Indian community in Sharjah that spread across 8.3 acres. He also took initiative to sell and promote organic products grown by the special needs community in UAE through LuLu Hypermarkets Yusuff Ali donated towards the Gujarat earthquake, Tsunami Relief Fund in Asia, and Typhoon and flood relief in other parts of the world. He also donated Rs 9.5 crores for relief and rehabilitation of Kerala flood victims in August 2018. He is also actively involved in ensuring the social, economic and religious welfare of expatriate Indians in the Persian Gulf region. He played a major role in finding land for the Christian community in the region to build churches, and secure cremation grounds for the Hindu populace in the Gulf region. M. A. Yusuff Ali also extended help to Indians during the amnesty period in the Persian Gulf when hundreds of Indians lost their livelihood. He helped rehabilitate people who lost their livelihood in the Calicut market fire as well. Yusuff Ali had pledged to donate Rs 50 million for the flood-hit south Indian state of Kerala in the event of the 2019 Kerala floods.

Personal life
He is married, with three children, and lives in Abu Dhabi, UAE. His elder daughter Sabeena is married to billionaire businessman Shamsheer Vayalil. His second daughter Shafeena is married to Adeeb Ahamed who runs Lulu International Exchange and Twenty14 Holdings, the group's hospitality investments division. Youngest daughter Shifa is married to Sharoon Shamsudheen who is into successful IT businesses.

On 11 April 2021 the helicopter in which M.A. Yusuff Ali, his wife and three others including the pilots crash landed in a swamp near Kochi, Kerala. Fortunately both were uninjured and were taken to a nearby hospital for first aid. The private helicopter owned by the businessman had suffered a technical glitch due to adverse weather.

Recognition and awards
 2004 – "Commander" title & St. Ephraim Medal by the Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I Iwas of Universal Syriac Orthodox Church.
 2005 – Pravasi Bharatiya Samman in 2005; the highest Indian government award given to non-resident Indians.
 2008 – Padma Shri from the Government of India
 2010 – "Business Man of the Year 2009-10" award instituted by the Kerala State Forum of Bankers' Clubs.
 2012 – Lifetime Achievement Award at the inaugural Indian CEO Awards held in February.
 2012 – Swiss Ambassador's Award 2012 for outstanding efforts in promoting Swiss-UAE relations.
 2012 – "Most Influential Asian Business Leader in the MENA region" award by Forbes Middle East.
 2012 – "Arab Business Leader of the Year 2012" during the third edition of the Global Arab Business Meeting held in Ras Al Khaimah.
2014 – Honorary D. Litt. by Aligarh Muslim University.
 2016 – Was honoured with the archbishop Mar Gregorios Award instituted by the alumni association of Mar Ivanios College, Amicos, for his contribution to the industrial sector in 2016.
 2018 – Honorary doctorate from Middlesex University
 2018 – Honorary doctorate from Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala
2021 - Was honoured with Abu Dhabi's highest civilian award, Abu Dhabi Award 2021 by HH Sheikh Mohammed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan,Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi.
2021 - Yusuff Ali was granted a long-term residential visa by Qais bin Mohammed Al Yousaf, Oman’s Minister of Commerce, Industry, and Investment Promotion (MOCIIP).
2022 - Yusuff Ali, chairman of Lulu Group, has become the first Bahrain golden residency visa recipient.

References

Living people
1955 births
Businesspeople from Thrissur
20th-century Indian Muslims
Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work
Indian expatriates in the United Arab Emirates
Recipients of Pravasi Bharatiya Samman
Indian billionaires
People from Abu Dhabi


Jorge Luis García Pérez (known as Antúnez, born 10 October 1964, Placetas, Cuba) is an Afro-Cuban human rights and democracy activist.

Dissident career
Antúnez was jailed for 17 years from 1990 to 2007. Other dissidents have referred to Antúnez as Cuba's Nelson Mandela.

During a demonstration in March 1990 State Security heard him saying that communism is an error and a dystopia. Saying that was a crime of "verbal enemy propaganda" and he was sentenced to five years in prison. In prison, he refused to wear the uniform and participate in "re-education", which meant violent beatings, nine months in solitary confinement and more years in prison. He escaped from prison to see his sick mother, but could not find her and was free only for a day. His mother died a month later. He was found guilty of "attempted sabotage". One of the charges was failure to respect the Cuban leader Fidel Castro.

Antúnez continued nonviolent resistance in prison, where he gave birth to a political prisoner group named after Pedro Luis Boitel, an imprisoned dissident who died in a hunger strike in 1972. His courage received worldwide attention. Pope John Paul II, when visiting Cuba in 1998, asked the regime to release him.

Antúnez was released in 2007, ahead of talks on European Union sanctions, after being imprisoned for 17 years and 34 days.

Antúnez, his ex-wife Iris, and Diosiris Santana Pérez launched a hunger strike in 2009. Several leaders from Uruguay, Costa Rica, and Argentina declared their support for Antúnez. Police threatened Antúnez with eviction from his house and "disobedience" charges for hosting three other dissident thinkers (Osiris Santana Pérez, Ernesto Mederos Arrozarena and Carlos Michael Morales Rodríguez) in his home in April 2009.

Antúnez's ex-wife founded the Rosa Parks Feminist Movement for Civil Rights. Antunez himself was a member  of Orlando Zapata Tamayo which was to defend political prisoners.

When President Barack Obama announced a blueprint for normalizing relations with Cuba on December 17, 2014, Antunez assailed the normalization plan as a capitulation to the Cuban government, echoing the views of Berta Soler and Oscar Elias Biscet that the US should have demanded democratic reforms in Cuba before contemplating a change in US policy towards Cuba.

Antúnez moved to the United States with his wife, Magalys Rivaflecha, and daughter in 2019.

See also
 Cuban democracy movement
 Human rights in Cuba
 Censorship in Cuba
 Cuban dissident movement

References

External links
 Payolibre.com profile
 Jorge Luis García Pérez  Freedom Collection interview

1964 births
Living people
Cuban activists
Cuban anti-communists
Cuban democracy activists
Cuban dissidents
Cuban human rights activists
Cuban prisoners and detainees
Hunger strikers
Opposition to Fidel Castro
People from Placetas
Cuban people of African descent


Belleview is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Boone County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 343 at the 2010 census.

Geography
Belleview is located in western Boone County along the Ohio River,  southwest of downtown Cincinnati. Kentucky Route 18 (Burlington Pike) runs east from Belleview  to Burlington (the Boone County seat) and  to Florence.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Belleview has a total area of , of which  is land and , or 26.99%, is water, consisting of the Ohio River out to its centerline, which is the border with Indiana.

Belleview is the location of six places listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places:
Belleview Baptist Church
Belleview Post Office
Clore House
Jonas Clore House
Flick House
James Rogers House

References

External links

Census-designated places in Boone County, Kentucky
Census-designated places in Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Boone County, Kentucky
Kentucky populated places on the Ohio River


Eggenberg () is the 14th city district of Graz in the Austrian  province of Styria. It borders to the districts of Lend and Gries in the east and to the Plabutsch mountain in the west. The name originates from the Eggenberg palace and its founding family the House of Eggenberg.

History

The district is named after the Eggenbergers who built their medieval residence sometime after 1460 and which was expanded starting in 1625 to become Eggenberg palace.  In 2010 the palace was added to the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site listing for Graz's "Old Town". Early discoveries indicate a settlement since the early stoneage. In Algersdorf two grave fields from the Roman age were found. The Alte Poststraße can be traced back to the Roman age as well. In the middle ages and up to the 19th century the landscape was dominated by agriculture and cultivating wineyards on the Plabutsch hillside. In locality Beierdorf near Graz - nowadays belonging to Eggenberg - the Baierdorf manor was situated.

In 1850 the community of Eggenberg was formed. It was subdivided into parts called Katastralgemeinde with the names Algersdorf, Beierdorf and Wetzelsdorf. Additionally there were the localities of Plawutsch and Krottendorf (now belonging to Wetzelsdorf).

It gradually changed from a  peasant palace village towards a working class community because of the brewery Reininghaus since 1853 and the expansion of the industrial area around the railway station. This is also demonstrated by the erection of the working class suburb of Neu-Algersdorf in the late 19th century.

In 1906 Eggenberg got the market right. Although Wetzelsdorf became independent in 1914 Eggenberg still was the most populous market town in Austria with about 15000 inhabitants during the interwar period.

In the course of the Austrian Civil War in 1934 there were bitter fights between members of the Schutzbund and workers against police and military. In the socialdemocatic dominated Eggenberg the headquarters of the Konsum consumers' cooperative was located. There were several people killed and wounded and in the Konsum building alone 130 prisoners captured.

After the so-called "Anschluß" of Austria in 1938 Eggenberg became a district of Graz.

Around the last third of the 20th century there were a lot of social and educational developments in the district due to the building of the ASKÖ-Sport stadium, the pedagogic academy (1969), the big indoor and outdoor swimming pool (1974), the Unfallkrankenhaus clinic (1981) and the LKH - West clinic (2002).

In the year 2009, the Graz International Bilingual School, a prominent bilingual Austrian Gymnasium, relocated to the building of the pedagogy academy next to the Eggenberg palace.

Sights

 Eggenberg palace
 Reininghaus brewery area
 Algersdorf palace

Economy, schools and traffic
 Industrial facilities in the eastern region (near the Railway station)
 "Kooperative Mittelschule" Algersdorf (highschool)
 Private school of the Schulschwestern (elementary school, highschool)
 Pedagogical Academy of the Graz-Seckau diocese (until Autumn 2009)
 University of Applied Sciences Joanneum
 Up to 1973 it was planned to have the Pyhrn Autobahn motorway go straight through Eggenberg. This was spared to the district by the construction of the Plabutsch tunnel.
 Tram lines number 1 and 7. The line number 1 was erected in 1900.
 Graz International Bilingual School (from 2009 onwards)

Literature

References

External links


Like many nations in the Muslim world, polygyny is legal in Bahrain. However, according to the Bahrain Center for Human Rights' write-up on women's rights in Bahrain at the present time, polygamy is only practiced by a minority of Bahraini citizens, though unlike most nations, levels of education and areas of habitation do not play a strong role in statistics composed of citizens practicing polygamy. Between 2010 and 2015, the polygamy rate in Bahrain was 5.16 percent.

References

Sexuality in Bahrain
Bahrain
Bahrain


Phú Mỹ is a district-level town of Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province, Vietnam.

Phú Mỹ may refer to several other places in Vietnam, including:

 , a ward of District 7, Ho Chi Minh City
 Phú Mỹ, Bình Dương, a ward of Thủ Dầu Một
 Phú Mỹ (ward of Phú Mỹ town), a ward of Phú Mỹ town
 Phú Mỹ, An Giang, a township and capital of Phú Tân District, An Giang Province
 , a commune of Giang Thành District
 Phú Mỹ, Bến Tre, a commune of Mỏ Cày Bắc District
 , a commune of Mỹ Tú District
 , a commune of Phù Ninh District, Phú Thọ
 Phú Mỹ, Cà Mau, a commune of Phú Tân District, Cà Mau Province
 , a commune of Phú Vang District
 , a commune of Tân Phước District

See also
 Phù Mỹ District, a rural district of Bình Định Province
 Phù Mỹ, a township and capital of Phù Mỹ District


German submarine U-178 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II.

Ordered on 28 May 1940, the U-boat was laid down on 24 December 1940 at the AG Weser yard in Bremen as yard number 1018. She was launched on 25 October 1941 and commissioned on 14 February 1942, under the command of Fregattenkapitän Hans Ibekken.

Design
German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs. U-178 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-178 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one  SK C/32 naval gun, 150 rounds, and a  SK C/30 with 2575 rounds as well as two  C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had a complement of fifty-five.

First patrol
U-178 sailed from Kiel on 8 September 1942 into the Atlantic, passing north of Scotland and then turned south. She made her first kill on 10 October, putting three torpedoes into the unescorted passenger ship Duchess of Atholl, a Canadian Pacific Steamship Co. liner chartered as a troop transport, about  ENE of Ascension Island in the South Atlantic. The vessel sank slowly and only five crew members were lost. The master, 267 crew members, 25 gunners and all 534 passengers were later rescued by a British vessel.

U-178 then sailed around the Cape of Good Hope into the Indian Ocean south and east of South Africa, sinking the British troopship Mendoza on 1 November, killing the master, 19 crew members, three gunners and three passengers, while 127 of the crew, three gunners and 250 passengers were later picked up by a South African patrol ship and an American merchantman.

U-178 struck twice on 4 November, sinking both the British merchantman Trekieve and the Norwegian cargo ship Hai Hing, off Mozambique.

The British merchant ship Louise Moller was sunk about  ExS of Durban on 13 November; two days later the U-boat attacked the British merchant ship Adviser. Seeing the crew abandon the apparently sinking ship, U-178 left the area after hearing depth charges being dropped in the distance. However, Adviser was taken in tow to Durban, where she was repaired and returned to service.

U-178s last victory was on 27 November, sinking the American Liberty ship SS Jeremiah Wadsworth around  S of Cape Agulhas.

U-178 then shaped her course north through the Atlantic, arriving at Bordeaux in France on 10 January 1943 after 125 days at sea.

Second patrol
Under a new commander, Korvettenkapitän Wilhelm Dommes, U-178 sailed from Bordeaux on 28 March 1943, and repeated the success of her previous patrol, this time in the waters of the Mozambique Channel.

Her first victory came on 1 June in a hit-and-run attack on Convoy CD-20. U-178 fired two torpedoes, one of which struck the Dutch cargo ship Salabangka, which later sank.

On 4 July she attacked the Norwegian steamer Breiviken, a straggler from Convoy DN-50. The ship sank within three minutes; U-178 spent some time picking up the crew from the sea and putting them onto rafts. The survivors of Breiviken later found two drifting lifeboats from their own ship, and on 7 July reached the coast. U-178 sailed off in pursuit of another victim, sinking the Greek merchant ship Michael Livanos later that day. On 11 July her sister ship Mary Livanos was also sunk by U-178.

In the early hours of 14 July, the American Liberty ship Robert Bacon was torpedoed about 35 miles off the Mozambique Light. The crew of 44 and 27 Armed Guards (the ship was armed with two 3-inch and eight 20 mm guns), abandoned ship before U-178 finished her off with two more torpedoes. The U-boat surfaced and questioned the survivors in one of the boats, giving them directions to land and wishing them good luck before leaving.

U-178 made her last kill of the patrol on 17 July, sinking the British cargo ship City of Canton northeast of Beira after a pursuit lasting eighteen hours. She then shaped a course across the Indian Ocean to Penang, arriving there on 27 August after 153 days at sea.

Third patrol
K.Kapt. Dommes remained at Penang, commanding the U-Boat base there, located in the former British seaplane headquarters. U-178 sailed from Penang on 25 November 1943 with Kapitänleutnant Wilhelm Spahr in command. She made only one kill, sinking the American Liberty ship SS José Navarro  SW of Cochin, India (now known as Kochi). She then sailed around Africa, back through the Atlantic, arriving in Bordeaux on 25 May 1944 after a voyage of 181 days (her longest).

Fate
U-178 was scuttled on 25 August 1944 at Bordeaux, as she was not deemed seaworthy enough to escape the Allied advance. The U-boat was broken up in 1947.

Summary of raiding history

References

Bibliography

External links

German Type IX submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1942
Indian Ocean U-Boats
1941 ships
World War II submarines of Germany
Ships built in Bremen (state)
Maritime incidents in August 1944


Watts Building may refer to:

Watts Building (Birmingham, Alabama), listed on the NRHP in Alabama
Watts Building (San Diego, California), listed on the NRHP in California
Watts Building (Brighton, East Sussex), part of Brighton University


The Boy Detective Fails is the fourth novel by Chicago author
Joe Meno, released by Punk Planet Books in 2006.

Plot summary
In the twilight of a childhood full of wonder, Billy Argo, Boy detective, is brokenhearted to find his young sister and crime-solving partner, Caroline, has committed suicide. Ten years later, Billy, age thirty, returns from an extended stay at Shady Glens Facility for Mental Competence to discover a world full of unimaginable strangeness: office buildings vanish without reason, small animals turn up without their heads, and cruel villains ride city buses to complete their evil schemes.

Lost within this unwelcoming place, Billy finds the companionship of two lonely children, Effie and Gus Mumford—one a science fair genius, the other a charming, silent bully. With a nearly forgotten bravery, Billy confronts the monotony of his job in telephone sales, the awkward beauty of a desperate pickpocket named Penny Maple, and the seemingly impossible solution to the mystery of his sister's death. Along a path laden with hidden clues and codes that dare to be deciphered, the boy detective may learn the greatest secret of all: the necessity of the unknown.

Musical

Author Joe Meno collaborated with composer and lyricist Adam Gwon to adapt the novel into a musical of the same name, which premiered in August–October 2011 at the Signature Theatre (Arlington, Virginia).

Nine years after the run at Signature Theatre, director/playwright Aaron Posner directed a new version of the musical at American University's Greenberg Theatre for a four-show run from February 13–15, 2020. This new version was developed in workshop with Joe Meno and Adam Gwon, and featured cuts, edits, new songs, and an adjusted plot/storyline.

Musical Characters
Note: These are characters that appear only in the musical version, and are listed as so from the Characters section of the script.

Character List

 Billy Argo
 Caroline Argo
 Fenton Mills
 Professor Von Golum
 Penny / Ensemble
 Larry / Mr. Mammoth / Ensemble
 Detective Brown / Ensemble
 Dale Hardly / Ensemble
 Violet Dew / Ensemble
 Therapist / Ensemble (Female)
 Nurse Eloise / Ensemble
 Ensemble

Cast

Musical Numbers
Act 1

 "Prologue" – Company
 "Billy Argo, Boy Detective" – Company
 "Caroline" – Billy, Ensemble
 "Amazing" – Larry, Billy, Ensemble
 "Out of My Mind" – Von Golum, Billy, Ensemble
 "Old Tree House" – Billy, Caroline, Fenton, Ensemble
 "As Long As You Are Here" – Penny, Billy, Ensemble
 "Evil" – Von Golum, Billy, Ensemble
 "Haunted Mansion" – Billy, Caroline, Fenton, Ensemble
 "I Like (The Secret Song)" – Billy, Penny
 "After Secrets/Haunted" – Billy, Ensemble

Act 2

 "Entr'act" – Company
 "That's All" – Billy, Dale, Violet, Ensemble
 "Little Mysteries" – Penny, Billy
 "Amazing (Reprise)" – Larry, Billy, Ensemble
 "Billy Argo, Boy Detective (Reprise)" – Ensemble
 "Always" – Von Golum, Billy
 "Let Me Save You" – Billy, Ensemble
 "Finale" – Company

References

External links
 Amazon.com : Articles and reviews about 'The Boy Detective Fails'.

2006 American novels
Novels by Joe Meno


An autonomous recording unit (ARU) is a self-contained audio recording device that is deployed in marine or terrestrial environments for bioacoustical monitoring. The unit is used in both marine and terrestrial environments to track the behavior of animals and monitor their ecosystems. On a terrestrial level, the ARU can detect noises coming from bird habitats and determine relative emotions that each bird conveys along with the population of the birds and the relative vulnerability of the ecosystem. The ARU can also be used to understand noises made by marine life to see how the animals' communication affects the operation of their ecosystem. When underwater, the ARU can track the sound that human made machines make and see the effect those sounds have on marine life ecosystems. Up to 44 work days can be saved through the utilization of ARU's, along with their ability to discover more species.

Design

General overview
A split frequency application is used to counter the wide bandwidths that create issues. This split allows for the sampling of continuous time signals along an inclusion based bandwidth with a small number of hertz to hundreds of kilo-Hertz (kHz). One band is used for lower frequencies, below 30 kHz, while the other is used for higher frequencies, above 100 kHz. The perceived signals are then put into the hard drive for storage.

Broadband recording system

SDA14 platform
The SDA14 platform allows for signal processing in real time with a 24-bits Wideband that covers 4 analog signals. To get real time data analysis, a digital signal processor (DSP) is used with three GFlops. The data can then be distributed to different media storages alongside a programmable OEM. The system itself is autonomous with 8 to 26 volt digital converter power sources that are blended through Ethernet and serial port interfaces. The ethernet port allows for acoustic tests while in the terrain along with extra gathered data. Meanwhile, the serial port deals with the sending back of data in real time and to send master control of the system back when submerged underwater. The channel takes up around 1.8 watts of power when recording.

Cetacean detection algorithm
Different animals experience different sensitivities to frequencies that affect their behavior. Because of this there are multiple cetacean detection algorithms.

High frequency cetacean
Highly sensitive animals like harbor porpoise generate primary signals between 115 and 145 kilohertz, which requires a large sample rate (480 kilo-samples per second) to capture strong bandwidth recordings.

Cetacean detector algorithm
Known as a click detection process, the cetacean detector algorithm was originally implemented in analog electronics to test different dolphins and porpoises in containment and in freedom. The center frequency is 130 kilohertz with a 30 kilohertz bandwidth. The pulse's envelope is tracked through a sequence of short clicks. The lower bandwidths (less than 20 kilohertz) are digitized and the frequencies shifted to be low enough for the human ear. This helps humans understand the acoustic behavior. In between clicks, acoustic behavior can be observed. Behavioral interpolation of the mammals can be inferred between inter-click periods. The system has implemented the SDA14 platform alongside DSP to get full bandwidth waveforms that holds large advantages cetacean examination.

Summary
ARU's offer large advancements in monitoring underwater acoustics due to strong signal processing and data capturing. The quality of noise is somewhat limited because of the digital and analog systems that are implemented. At the moment this system works best with porpoises, but it is rather versatile and can still be applied to other mammals such as dolphins and whales.

Pros and cons

Pros

 In comparison with human observers, ARU's are much more successful at perceiving the species of animals in the area.
 ARU's permanent record cancels bias as multiple listeners can access the audio and come to a consensus
 Can also allow for understanding patterns behind the detection of certain animals
 Can confirm the identification of more rare species
 Can be used to identify changes in vocalization of species over the years and for what possible reasons
 Overall good for determining anthropogenic disturbances on species' vocals and distributions over time
Installation and removal are done in minutes with less total time needed for people to be on the scene
Can track species that have more randomized sounds
ARUs can have set times to record through their programming, allowing for a look at specific species

Cons

 Storage can fill up quickly and become a large cluster data that is difficult to decipher and maintain.
 Reviewing recordings is time consuming
 A recording failure can lose data.
 ARUs are expensive and require frequent check ups to replace batteries and maintain microphones.
 To cover a large area, multiple ARUs are needed as their range is limited.

Current and future applications

The three main functions of ARU's include monitoring movement, biology, and animal communication in an ecosystem. With relatively frequent check-ups the ARU's can monitor at all times and measure, for instance, the owls in spring and amphibians in a later season. They can determine when certain animals live in an ecosystem and when other animals take their place.

Future bioacoustic monitoring could move into monitoring soundscapes and mapping habitats. Data processing can gather sounds from different sources for habitat monitoring to find soundscape changes. The physical qualities of sound can now identify the acoustic animal ecosystems as well. The detection of migrations, for example, can be found from this. The next step is for the acoustic indices to solve for the species that is at play for given sounds.

Recording animal vocals is useful with an ARU as they are not encroaching and are able to retain information on animal movement and habitat patterns. Localization within a community can gather data on the density of animals as well as their return rates. Localization specializes in tracking smaller, more elusive animals.

ARU's ability to detect vocalizations helps researchers to study the effects of vocal behavior on local ecosystems. Newer ARU's that can be attached to animals are able to decipher intentional noises from non intentional noises, allowing for less outlier data.

References

External links
 ARBIMON portable recorders & permanent recording stations---Sieve Analytics Automated Remote Biodiversity Monitoring Network (ARBIMON)
 Autonomous Recording Units---Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology Bioacoustics Research Program
 Bioacoustics technology aids ivory-bill search---Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
 Bioacoustic Unit
 Passive Acoustic Monitoring—Gerry E. Studds Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary
 Autonomous Multichannel Acoustic Recorder (AMAR)---JASCO Applied Sciences
 microMARS Marine Acoustic Recorder System---Desert Star Systems
 Snap Acoustic Recorder---Loggerhead Instruments

Digital audio recording


Watts Building in Birmingham, Alabama, is an Art Deco building built in 1927.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1979.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Birmingham, Alabama
Office buildings completed in 1927
Art Deco architecture in Alabama


Heleen Mees (born Heleen Nijkamp, 1968) is a Dutch opinion writer, economist, and lawyer. Involved with politics and public policy in the Netherlands and the US, she has also taught at universities in both countries.

Biography
Mees graduated in Economy and Law at University of Groningen. From 1992 to 1998, she worked for the Dutch Treasury in The Hague, for two years as spokeswoman for former State Secretary Willem Vermeend. She then worked for the European Commission in Brussels from 1998 to 2000. In 2000 she emigrated to the US, where she changed her surname from Nijkamp to Mees.

In New York Mees was initially employed as a European affairs consultant for Ernst & Young. When her contract was not renewed, Mees stayed in New York and worked as an independent consultant on European affairs. Mees also started writing opinion pieces for several Dutch newspapers.

Mees' breakthrough as an opinion writer (she is credited as a third wave feminist) in the Netherlands came in 2006 when she wrote "The time is long overdue that women should go to work", her first feminist opinion piece in NRC Handelsblad. The same year, she co-founded Women on Top, an organization that until 2011 advocated more women in top jobs. As a firm advocate of female ambition and a promoter of more women in the supervisory and executive boards of big companies, Mees has been described as a "power feminist".

From 2006 to 2010 she wrote a bi-weekly column in NRC Handelsblad, and from 2012 to 2013 a weekly column for Het Financieele Dagblad. She has written for publications such as Foreign Policy and for Project Syndicate In September 2015 she was a guest columnist for de Volkskrant, and in 2016 began a biweekly column for that same paper.

She was vice-president of the chapter of the Dutch Labour Party (PvdA) in New York. From 2005 to 2008 she worked as volunteer-fundraiser for the presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton. In July 2013, Mees was arrested in New York on charges of stalking her former lover, the chief economist of Citigroup, Willem Buiter. In March 2014, the court decided that the case against Mees was to be dismissed in one year provided that she complies with two conditions. Later that year, in September 2014, Mees responded by filing for damages against Buiter.  In November 2016, Mees simultaneously lost both lawsuits in Amsterdam and New York.

In August 2012, Mees completed a doctoral thesis at the Erasmus School of Economics, in which she argued that the primary cause of the 2008 global financial crisis was the flourishing economy in China and resulting savings and government investments by the Chinese. While completing her research, she worked as an Adjunct Assistant Professor at Tilburg University. From September 2012 until July 2013, Mees was employed as an Adjunct Associate Professor of Public Administration at New York University's Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service.

Publications

in English
  PhD dissertation, 159 pp.
 "NY Service Economy - A Template for a Future Suburbia" in Here, There, Everywhere 2014. DroogLab Amsterdam.
 The Chinese Birdcage - How China's Rise Almost Toppled the West (2016).

in Dutch

  160pp. First edition was 2006.
 Compendium van het Europees belastingrecht [Compendium of EU Law] (2002) (coauthor).

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
Dutch columnists
Dutch economists
Dutch women economists
Dutch expatriates in the United States
Dutch feminists
20th-century Dutch lawyers
People from Hengelo
Erasmus University Rotterdam alumni
University of Groningen alumni
Feminist writers
Dutch women lawyers
New York University faculty
Academic staff of Tilburg University
Dutch women columnists
20th-century women lawyers


Polygyny is legal in Cameroon, contracted frequently for reasons of both status and wealth.  It has been reported that polygamy is most often found in rural areas of the country.  It has been said that polygamous unions are slowly beginning to decrease, mainly due to social and economic reasons.  There is no limit on how many wives a man can take, which is rare for most nations that allow polygyny.

References

Polygamy in Africa
Cameroon
Marriage in Cameroon


Muhammad Zafarullah is a former professor of management science in Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, where he was the Director of the Institute of Management Sciences. He served as Pro Rector, University of Central Punjab, UCP. it was top administrative position. He is replaced by Dr. Nizammuddiun.

Education
Zafarullah obtained Master of Business Administration (MBA) degrees from the Institute of Business Administration, Karachi (1973), and the University of Edinburgh, UK (1985). He obtained his PhD from the University of Strathclyde Business School in Glasgow, UK in 1988.

Career
Zafarullah started his career as management consultant with the Pakistan Ordnance Factories and the Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation for their reorganizations. He also was a consultant for a large irrigation network project in Iraq near Baghdad. In 1990 he became an associate professor at Bahauddin Zakariya University and was promoted to full professor in 1997. He has been Chair of the Department of Business Administration (renamed as "Institute of Management Sciences" in 2001) since 1994. Zafarullah serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Quality and Technology Management and the International Journal of Quality and Innovation. In addition, he is a member of the academic review board of the International Quality Education Foundation.

References

Academic journal editors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Academic staff of Bahauddin Zakariya University
Institute of Business Administration, Karachi alumni
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Business School
Alumni of the University of Strathclyde


The Maliar are a group of mixed origin found in the Potohar region of Punjab, Pakistan as well as the Peshawar valley and some other parts of the North West Frontier Province(now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa).

Unlike other Punjabi tribes, Maliar refers to the occupation of the holder rather than his origin. Their origin is unknown, however it is believed that Maliars are descended from ancestors of different tribes which took to market-gardening as a profession.

The Maliar associate themselves with the Arain, another agricultural tribe in Punjab. This is because in Western Punjab, the term Arain is used for any individual of an agricultural occupation and not solely the Arain tribe.

History and origin

The term Maliar comes from the Sanskrit Malakara makers of garland or from the Persian and Arabic word Mal which  means wealth or land  e.g. Malir Kotla in India or Malir an area in Karachi the equivalent of Bagh in Urdu or garden in English. According to their traditions their ancestor Mahbub accompanied Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna to India. The Sultan assigned him gardening as a vocation, and as such the community became horticulturists. There is no consensus as to the ethnic identity of this Mahbub. This concocted tradition is not tenable because the Maiar/Baghbanan or Phularay were basically son of the soil and converted to Islam en masse otherwise who was tilling small land or orchards and gardens. If we accept this account, the community thus settled in India at the start of the 11th century. Historically, the community was at a disadvantage, particularly in the Peshawar valley, where it suffered at the hands of Pashtun landlords.

Unlike other tribes found in the Potohar region, military recruitment was not open to them, because they were deemed not to be a martial race.

According to the 1901 Census of India, there numbers in Jhelum District were 23,000, in Rawalpindi District, they numbered 17,000 and in Attock District they numbered 37,000. In that particular district, they are the fourth largest tribe. Shahpur District, the modern day Sargodha District was home to a further 4,000.

Distribution

They are found through the Pothohar region, with especial concentrations in the Attock District. They also extend into the neighbouring Peshawar valley and into Haripur district of Hazara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. There are also settled in a few villages in the Mirpur District of Azad Kashmir.

Villages

They are found in just about every village in the Pothohar region, but there are a few villages which they occupy as the dominant tribe. In Jhelum District, Kazi Hussain and Rajjo Pindi are two important Maliar villages.

Batala, Chahal, Maniand are important Maliar villages within Kahuta Tehsil, in Gujar Khan Tehsil Bhatta Maliar, Kant Maliar and Bagh Sangra, Jabbar Derwaish,Kuri Malrian(Kuri Khuda Baksh) are important villages and in the Rawalpindi Tehsil, Dhalla, Dughal, Khasala Kalan, Gulidana Maliar, and Salargarh are important villages.
In Attock District, Dhok Maliaran in Fateh Jang Tehsil is a major Maliar village. They are also found in the town of Mansar.

In Chakwal District, Mohra Maliaran, Marjan Maliran and Saloi in Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil are important villages.

in Jhelum District, the villages of Dheri Malliaran and Maliar in Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil are important settlements.

In Gujrat District, the village of Dandi Maliar.

Language

The Maliar predominantly speak Punjabic languages, mainly Hindko and Pothwari

References

Social groups of Pakistan
Punjabi tribes

Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Hindkowan tribes
Social groups of Jammu and Kashmir
Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan
Social groups of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


Phước Hải may refer to several places in Vietnam:

Phước Hải, Đất Đỏ, township of Đất Đỏ District, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Province
Phước Hải, Nha Trang, urban ward of Nha Trang, in Khánh Hòa Province
Phước Hải, Ninh Phước, rural commune in Ninh Phước District, in Ninh Thuận Province


German submarine U-177 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 25 November 1940, at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard in Bremen, as yard number 1017. She was launched on 1 October 1941, and commissioned on 14 March 1942, under the command of Kapitänleutnant Wilhelm Schulze. After a period of training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla at Stettin, the boat was transferred to the 10th flotilla on 1 October 1942, and based at Lorient, for front-line service, she was then reassigned to the 12th flotilla at Bordeaux on 1 December.

She sank 14 ships of  and damaged one other of , but was herself sunk on 6 February 1944, in the Atlantic west of Ascension Island by a US Navy aircraft.

Design
German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs. U-177 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-177 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one  SK C/32 naval gun, 150 rounds, and a  SK C/30 with 2575 rounds as well as two  C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had a complement of fifty-five.

Operational history

First patrol
Under the command of Kptlt. Robert Gysae, U-177 left Kiel on 17 September 1942, and sailed north around the British Isles. On 23 September, the U-boat was bombed by a twin-engine aircraft southeast of Iceland, but crash-dived and sustained no damage. She then headed south to the waters off South Africa and Mozambique. There she sank eight ships totaling  and damaged another of :

She had her first success on 2 November, sinking the unescorted  Greek merchant steamer Aegeus off Cape Columbine. There were no survivors.

On 9 November, the U-boat attacked and damaged the unescorted  British oil tanker Cerion south of Port Elizabeth with her 37 mm and 20 mm AA guns, after her deck gun malfunctioned, and several attacks with torpedoes failed.

The  British tanker Scottish Chief was the next victim on 19 November; she was loaded with  of fuel oil, and was torpedoed by U-177 about  east southeast of Durban. The ship exploded and sank in flames, with only 12 of the crew of 48 surviving.

The unescorted  Liberty ship  was hit by two torpedoes from U-177 on 20 November. The ship's armed guards opened fire with her  and  guns, while the engines were secured; subsequently the eight officers, 33 crewmen and 21 armed guards abandoned ship in four lifeboats. Within half an hour the ship sank. Pierce Butlers third mate was questioned by officers from U-177 who offered to send a distress signal if none had been sent. The ship had, and the crew were picked up about 20 hours later by .

U-177 next sank the unescorted  British troop transport  southeast of Lourenço Marques on 28 November. The ship was carrying mail, passengers and 780 Italian prisoners of war and civilian internees from Port Tewfik, Massawa and Aden to Durban. Hit by three torpedoes, she sank within ten minutes. The U-boat picked up two survivors to identify the ship, who turned out to be Italian merchant sailors. Mindful of the Laconia Order issued two months previously, Gysae radioed the BdU (U-boat headquarters) and was ordered to continue his patrol while they notified the Portuguese authorities, who sent the frigate  to help. The frigate rescued only 194 survivors. From the 1,052 aboard, 858 were lost, including 650 Italians.

On 30 November, she sank the unescorted  British troop transport Llandaff Castle with two torpedoes southeast of Lourenço Marques. The former Union-Castle Line passenger ship had 150 passengers on board, including six Soviet diplomats with their wives and children and 70 military officers with their families. Three crew members were lost. The survivors were later rescued by .

U-177 torpedoed the unescorted  Greek merchant ship Saronikos off Mozambique, on 7 December, which broke in half and sank within two minutes. The Germans questioned the only two survivors from the crew of 38, and provided them with bandages and provisions.

The boat torpedoed the unescorted  British merchant ship Empire Gull on 12 December, in the Mozambique Channel, allowing the crew to abandon ship before opening fire with her deck gun, firing 70 incendiary and 100 high-explosive rounds, and scoring about 140 hits, which finally caused the ship to sink. Two crew members were lost in the attack, the master and 43 crewmen were later rescued up by  and .

On 14 December, the U-boat sank the  Dutch merchant ship Sawahloento with her last torpedo, her destruction took seven minutes. The crew of 72 men abandoned ship in four lifeboats, three of which capsized when the boiler exploded, drowning most of the occupants. The 19 survivors in the last lifeboat were questioned, and then set sail towards the coast of South Africa, arriving two days later.

U-177 then headed for France, arriving in Bordeaux on 22 January 1943, after a voyage of 128 days.

Second patrol
U-177 left Bordeaux, 1 April 1943, for her second patrol around the Cape of Good Hope, where she sank six ships totaling . She attacked Convoy CD-20, 27 May, with a salvo of four torpedoes, hitting the  United States merchant ship Agwimonte and the  Norwegian tanker Storaas. Both ships were abandoned by their crews and were sunk with further torpedoes from U-177.

On 6 July the unescorted  Canadian merchant ship  was hit by two torpedoes from U-177, south southwest of Cap Sainte Marie, the extreme southern point of Madagascar. The U-boat fired another torpedo which either missed or was a dud, so she surfaced to sink the vessel with gunfire, but as she did so her target sank.

On 10 July 1943, U-177 struck the unescorted  American Liberty ship Alice F. Palmer, with a single torpedo in the stern, blowing off the propeller and rudder, flooding the engine room, and breaking the back of the ship. The crew of 68 abandoned their vessel in four lifeboats, and after questioning them, U-177 shelled the ship, firing 14 incendiary and 85 high-explosive rounds. The burning ship slowly sank. The four lifeboats eventually sailed to Madagascar.

The  British collier Cornish City was torpedoed and sunk on 29 July, southeast of Madagascar. The ship sank within a minute with the loss of 37 of her crew of 43. The survivors were questioned by the Germans and later picked up by .

The U-boat successfully attacked the unescorted  Greek merchant ship Efthalia Mari east of Madagascar on 5 August, after spotting her using a Fa 330 Bachstelze rotor kite. Hit by two torpedoes, the ship sank in eight minutes. U-177 was one of only a few U-boats equipped with the aerial observation platform, and the only one to have successfully used it.

The submarine returned to Bordeaux, 1 October 1943, after 184 days at sea.

Third patrol and loss
Under the command of Korvettenkapitän Heinz Buchholz, U-177 sailed from La Pallice, where she had docked 26 December 1943, 2 January 1944, and once again headed south. On the 36th day of the patrol, 6 February, she was sunk in the Atlantic west of Ascension Island, in position , by depth charges dropped by a P4BY-1 Liberator bomber from VB-107. Fifty men were lost; 15 survived, they were picked up by .

Summary of raiding history

References

Bibliography

External links

World War II submarines of Germany
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
World War II shipwrecks in the South Atlantic
German Type IX submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1942
U-boats sunk in 1944
U-boats sunk by US aircraft
U-boats sunk by depth charges
1941 ships
Ships built in Bremen (state)
Maritime incidents in February 1944


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The Normans Grove Chase was a Grade 2 steeplechase National Hunt race in Ireland. It was run at Fairyhouse Racecourse over a distance of 2 miles and 1 furlong and took place each year in March or April at the course's Easter Festival. The 2017 running was moved to a fixture in early April to avoid clashing with similar races at the Punchestown Festival. Prior to 2013 the race took place in January.

The race was first run in 1997.  It was awarded Grade 3 status in 2004 and then raised to Grade 2 status the following year.

The race was run for the last time in 2017.  In 2018, Fairyhouse and Navan agreed to swap the distances of their two Graded Chases scheduled for the spring, leading to the creation of the Devenish Chase and the discontinuation of this race.

Records
Most successful horse (2 wins):
 Klairon Davis – 1998,1999,2001

Leading jockey  (5 wins):
 Ruby Walsh – Nickname (2007,2008), Blazing Tempo (2012), Twinlight (2015), Ballycasey (2017)

Leading trainer (7 wins):
 Willie Mullins - Florida Pearl (2004), Scotsirish (2010), Golden Silver (2011), Blazing Tempo (2012), Arvika Ligeonniere (2014), Twinlight (2015), Ballycasey (2017)

Winners
 Amateur jockeys indicated by "Mr".

 The 2008 race took place at Gowran Park.

See also
 List of Irish National Hunt races

References

Racing Post:
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , ,

National Hunt races in Ireland
National Hunt chases
Fairyhouse Racecourse
Recurring sporting events established in 1997
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2017
1997 establishments in Ireland
2017 disestablishments in Ireland


Daniel Rodger Bruce (21 March 1868 – 4 February 1931) was a Scotland international footballer who played on the losing side in the 1890 Scottish Cup final for Vale of Leven and on the winning side in the 1894 FA Cup final for Notts County. He scored 49 goals in 98 appearances in the Football League playing for Notts County and Small Heath. He played as a left-sided or centre forward.

Career
Bruce was born in Bonhill, Dunbartonshire. He played for Vale of Leven, with whom he appeared in the 1890 Scottish Cup final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards Bruce was capped for Scotland on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0 in what turned out to be only international appearance. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of the 1892–93 season, scoring five goals.

Bruce came to England later that year to join Football League First Division club Notts County. Though relegated at the end of his first season, and failing to win promotion the next despite Bruce's 18-goal contribution, they did become the first Second Division club to win the FA Cup. County beat four First Division sides to reach the 1894 FA Cup final; Bruce scored once in the quarter-final, "scraping" a draw against local rivals Nottingham Forest, and twice more in the 4–1 replay win. Bruce had several chances to open the scoring in the final, but was foiled both by the Bolton Wanderers goalkeeper and by the woodwork; nevertheless, County went on to win 4–1. In three years with the club, Bruce played 89 league games and scored at better than a goal every two games.

In November 1895, Bruce moved to First Division Small Heath. The transfer fee of £100 made him the first player for whom Small Heath had paid a three-figure fee, but he failed to settle. He scored twice in the ten games he played for the club before he returned to Scotland, turning out for Perth and Vale of Leven before signing for St Mirren.

Bruce died in 1931 at the age of 62.

Personal life
His younger brother Walter was also a footballer who also played for Vale of Leven and St Mirren, spending most of his career with the latter.

Honours
Vale of Leven
 Scottish Cup runners-up: 1890

Notts County
 FA Cup winners: 1894

References

External links
 Scotland profile at London Hearts Supporters Club

1868 births
1931 deaths
People from Bonhill
Scottish men's footballers
Scotland men's international footballers
Men's association football forwards
Vale of Leven F.C. players
Rangers F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
St Mirren F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Footballers from West Dunbartonshire


Batchelor Hill 733 m (2405 ft) prominence: 128 m, is a hill overlooking the city of Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada, immediately northwest of the city and north of the neighbourhood of Brocklehurst.  It is the namesake of the Batchelor Hills aka Batchelor Heights neighbourhood and also of the small Batchelor Range, which runs north from it on the side of the Kamloops Plateau but does not include it.

Name origin

Named early in this century for Owen Salisbury Batchelor, having previously been known as "Le Petit Garcon Salisbury" for the man in charge of the HBC horse range. Batchelor had farmed the upper Salmon River valley in 1885, but moved to Kamloops ten years later, and became jailer until succumbing to Klondike fever. On his return he ran several mining ventures, including the erection of a stamp mill just below these hills. He died in 1933. His son commented that the family fortune would have been made had Dad saved the money spent on gambling and prostitutes throughout the district.

References

Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia entry

Hills of British Columbia
Kamloops
Interior Plateau


Biocompatibles International plc is a medical technology company in the field of drug-device combination products. It was acquired by BTG plc in 2010, which was, in turn, acquired by Boston Scientific in 2019.

Approved oncology products are supplied and marketed from facilities in Farnham, Surrey, UK and Oxford, Connecticut.

Products include drug-eluting bead products that are used in more than 35 countries for the treatment of primary liver cancer (HCC), liver metastases from colorectal cancer and other cancers. The company supplies and markets brachytherapy products (radiation-delivering seeds) that are used to treat prostate cancer.

Its UK research and development facilities are engaged in licensing and in new product development based on the company's core drug delivery technologies in the treatment of cancers.

Its Cellmed unit in Alzenau, Germany, is developing a drug-eluting bead product for the treatment of stroke based on proprietary stem cell technology. Cellmed is also developing a GLP-1 analogue for the treatment of diabetes and obesity partnered with AstraZeneca.

Biocompatibles has collaborative agreements with Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Medtronic Inc. and Merz Pharma.

History

In the 1970s Dennis Chapman (1927–1999) at London's Royal Free Hospital. Chapman and his colleagues were responsible for groundbreaking research in the area of biocompatibility – the ability of a material to interface within the body without provoking an adverse biological response. They identified phosphoryl-choline (PC), a substance present in the human cell membrane, as one of the primary natural materials responsible for biocompatibility.

In 1984 Chapman founded Biocompatibles, which patented PC technology to develop it for commercial healthcare applications. In 2002, the company expanded to a new field based upon embolisation therapy, a minimally invasive treatment for tumors or vascular malformations based upon compressible PVA embolic microspheres.

Biocompatibles has been publicly traded on the London Stock Exchange since 1995 (LSE:BII).

In 2010, the company was acquired by BTG plc for about 156 million pounds.

In 2019, its new parent company BTG was acquired by Boston Scientific for around US$4.2 billion.

The Technology

Biocompatibles has a patent portfolio defending three biomedical polymer systems.

 The NFil Technology licensed from the Biocure affiliate of Novartis' Ciba Vision subsidiary, which is used in the Drug-Eluting Beads programme;
 The CellMed alginate technology, CellBeads, which is required for the encapsulation of biological agents; and the PC technology that was the group's original platform;
 A variety of more product-specific drug delivery inventions for the delivery of both chemical and biological agents.

Pharmaceutical products

Research and products are centered on the controlled and accurate delivery of drugs to patients with certain forms of cancer or vascular problems.  Research is focused on the use of drug-eluting beads, which can be accurately delivered to the point of need. Once metabolized, these beads release the prescribed drug at a pre-determined rate.

References

Biotechnology companies of the United Kingdom
Multinational companies


As Yemen is a mostly-Muslim nation, polygamy is lawful. Polygamy is permissible in Islam up to four wives, as long as the husband devotes equal attention to each of them.

In 1999, it was estimated that 7% of married women were in polygamous unions. By 2020, the percentage had fallen to 2%. Polygamy in Yemen is significantly less common than it is in the "polygamy belt", a predominantly Muslim area of Western and Central Africa where the practice is most common. Additionally, women living in rural areas or mountainous settings are more likely to contract a polygamous marriage than women living in the coastal region or urban settings of the country. In the same fashion, it was reported that the majority of women living in polygamous unions tended to be less educated than those living in monogamous marriages.

References

Marriage, unions and partnerships in Yemen
Yemen
Demographics of Yemen
Women's rights in Yemen
Yemen


Boone House may refer to:

Boone House (Little Rock, Arkansas), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
Boone-Murphy House, Pine Bluff, AR, listed on the NRHP in Arkansas
Boone House (St. Petersburg, Florida), NRHP-listed
Daniel Boone House, Defiance, MO, listed on the NRHP in Missouri
John W. Boone House, Columbia, MO, listed on the NRHP in Missouri
Nathan Boone House, Ash Grove, MO, listed on the NRHP in Missouri
Boone-Withers House, Waynesville, NC, listed on the NRHP in North Carolina
Daniel Boone Homestead Site and Bertolet Cabin, Birdsboro, PA, NRHP-listed
Boone Hall Plantation House and Historic Landscape, Mount Pleasant, SC, listed on the NRHP in South Carolina
Boone-Douthit House, Pendleton, SC, NRHP-listed


Fort Worth, the 5th-most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas, is home to 50 high-rises, 21 of which stand taller than . The tallest building in the city is the 40-story Burnett Plaza, which rises  in Downtown Fort Worth and was completed in 1983. The second-tallest skyscraper in the city is the Bank of America Tower (known until 2017 as the D.R. Horton Tower), which rises 547 feet (167 m). None of the buildings in Fort Worth are among the 30 tallest buildings in Texas.

Fort Worth's history of skyscrapers began with the completion of the 7-story Flatiron Building in 1907. When built, it was the tallest building in North Texas. The Flatiron Building stood as Fort Worth's tallest structure until 1910, with the construction of the 10-story Baker Building (since renamed the Bob R. Simpson Building). Fort Worth went through a major growth in skyscrapers during the 1920s and 1930s, with the Farmers and Mechanics National Bank building (since renamed 714 Main) emerging as the tallest in the city. The Farmers and Mechanics building remained the tallest in the city until 1957, when the 30-story Landmark Tower was completed. From the early 1970s to the mid-1980s, Fort Worth went through the largest construction boom in the city's history. In 1983, the 40-floor Burnett Plaza was constructed, surpassing the Landmark Tower. The Burnett Plaza has remained the tallest structure in the city to date.

Tallest buildings
This list ranks completed and topped out skyscrapers in Fort Worth that stand at least , based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed. Freestanding observation towers, while not habitable buildings, are included for comparison purposes but not ranked.

Tallest demolished buildings
This list ranks completed skyscrapers in Fort Worth that stood at least , based on standard height measurement, but have since been demolished in any manner.

Tallest under construction, approved, and proposed
This list shows high-rises that are under construction, approved, or proposed in Fort Worth and planned to rise at least  in height, but are not yet completed structures. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. A floor count of 15 stories is used as the cutoff in place of a height of  for buildings whose heights have not yet been released by their developers.

Timeline of tallest buildings
This list shows chronologically the buildings that held the title of tallest building in Fort Worth.

See also

 List of tallest buildings in Texas
 List of tallest buildings in Dallas
 List of tallest buildings in Houston

Notes
A. According to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, freestanding observation towers are not considered buildings, as they are not fully habitable structures. This structure is included for comparative purposes.

References

Fort Worth

Fort Worth


Athanase  is a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Antoine-Athanase Royer-Collard (1768–1825), French physician born in the village of Sompuis, département Marne
Athanase Coquerel (disambiguation)
Athanase David (1882–1953), Canadian lawyer, politician, and businessman
Prix Athanase-David, annual literary award, part of the Prix du Québec
Athanase Gaudet (1848–1888), farmer, merchant and political figure in Quebec
Athanase Josué Coquerel (1820–1875), French Protestant theologian, son of Athanase Laurent Charles Coquerel
Athanase Laurent Charles Coquerel (1795–1868), French Protestant theologian, born in Paris
Athanase Seromba (born 1963), Rwandan priest found guilty of genocide and crimes against humanity committed in the Rwandan genocide
Athanase-Charles-Marie Charette de la Contrie (1832–1911), French royalist military commander
Charles Athanase Walckenaer (1771–1852), French civil servant and scientist
Jean Charles Athanase Peltier (1785–1845), French physicist
Jean-Athanase Sicard (1872–1929), French neurologist and radiologist
Panayis Athanase Vagliano (1814–1902), merchant and shipowner, acclaimed as the father of modern Greek


is a retired Japanese Nippon Professional Baseball player. He is the current pitching coach for the Orix Buffaloes.

External links

1972 births
Living people
Baseball people from Saitama (city)
Japanese baseball players
Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers
Nippon Ham Fighters players
Japanese baseball coaches
Nippon Professional Baseball coaches


This is a list of Old Rajans, they being the alumni of Dharmaraja College, Kandy, Sri Lanka.

See also
Dharmaraja College

References

External links
 Complete list and personal pages of Dharmaraja College alumni

Dharmaraja College


Pulaski County Courthouse may refer to:

 Pulaski County Courthouse (Arkansas), Little Rock, Arkansas
 Pulaski County Courthouse (Georgia), Hawkinsville, Georgia
 Pulaski County Courthouse (Illinois), Mound City, Illinois
 Pulaski County Courthouse (Indiana), Winamac, Indiana
 Pulaski County Courthouse (Missouri), Waynesville, Missouri
 Pulaski County Courthouse (Virginia), Pulaski, Virginia


Phước Hưng may refer to several commune-level subdivisions in Vietnam, including:

Phước Hưng, Bà Rịa, a ward of Bà Rịa in Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu Province
Phước Hưng, An Giang, a commune of An Phú District
Phước Hưng, Long Điền, a commune of Long Điền District in Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu Province
Phước Hưng, Trà Vinh, a commune of Trà Cú District
Phước Hưng, Bình Định, a commune of Tuy Phước District


Rory Hamill (born 4 May 1976) is a former footballer from Northern Ireland.

Playing career
Rory Hamill had been capped for Northern Ireland youth before joining English Premier League club Southampton as a trainee in 1992. He failed to make the senior team and left for Division Three side Fulham in November 1994. In the first season, he played a total of 25 League and Cup games, scoring seven goals. He was also capped for Northern Ireland B-team cap in a 3–0 defeat by Scotland B in February 1995.

The next season Hamill failed to establish his position in the Fulham first team. In September 1996 he joined Glentoran on loan, a move that became permanent in November. His performance for Glentoran brought him back to the attention of the Northern Ireland set-up and he won his second B cap in a 1–0 defeat by Wales in February 1999.

In April 1999, Hamill was called up to the Northern Ireland full squad by Lawrie McMenemy. He came on as a substitute in a friendly against Canada.

With Glentoran Hamill picked up an Irish League title in 1999 and Irish Cup winner's medals in 1998 and 2000.

A drug test after an UEFA Cup match between Glentoran and Norwegian side Lillestrøm in August 2000 proved positive with traces of cannabis. Initially Hamill was banned from all European competitions, but on the eve of the 2001 Irish Cup Final a ban from all competition was imposed, causing him to miss the Final, and all games up to 4 October 2001.

After 150 League appearances, and 28 goals, Hamill left Glentoran in 2001 for Coleraine. With Coleraine Hamill added another Irish Cup medal. In August 2003 he scored against U.D. Leiria in a 2–1 win in the UEFA Cup. A year later, Hamill moved on to Ballymena United, where he was to become vice-captain.

In 2006, Hamill signed for Dungannon Swifts. He helped the Swifts to their first ever Irish Cup Final appearance in his only season.

In June 2007, Hamill rejoined Glentoran. In October he was a member of the Glens side that won the County Antrim Shield – with a 2–1 win over Crusaders. In January 2008 he joined Donegal Celtic on loan. At the end of the season he switched for Cliftonville. In May 2009 he suffered another Cup Final defeat with the Reds.

After a somewhat disappointing spell with Cliftonville, he moved to Glenavon in February 2010. Championship 1 side Bangor brought Hamill to Clandeboye Park in July 2010. Rory made 19 starting appearances for the Seasiders and scored 5 goals before being released by the club at the end of March 2011.

Honours
Irish League/Irish Premier League
 Glentoran 1998/99
Irish Cup: 3
 Glentoran 1998, 2000
 Coleraine F.C. 2003
County Antrim Shield
 Glentoran 2007/08

References

External links
 Biography at NIFG
 Fulham FC Cult heroes

Association footballers from County Londonderry
Men's association footballers from Northern Ireland
Fulham F.C. players
Glentoran F.C. players
Coleraine F.C. players
Ballymena United F.C. players
Dungannon Swifts F.C. players
Donegal Celtic F.C. players
Cliftonville F.C. players
Glenavon F.C. players
PSNI F.C. players
NIFL Premiership players
Living people
Northern Ireland men's international footballers
Northern Ireland men's B international footballers
English Football League players
1976 births
Men's association football forwards
Sportspeople from Coleraine, County Londonderry


Kuessi Alikem Segbefia (born April 1, 1990) is a Togolese footballer, who plays for Teshrin.

Career
Segbefia began his career with Sporting Club Lome on youth side and was transferred to AS Douanes (Lomé). In October 2009 left Gomido to sign for Al-Jaish Damascus, who was later loaned out to Teshrin.

International career
Segbefia presented the Togo U-17 at 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup, he played by the Championship three games. He played his first international game for Les Eperviers on 10 September 2008 against Zambia national football team.

Personal life
His brother Prince Segbefia, played with him at 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup.

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Lomé
Togolese men's footballers
Togo men's international footballers
Togolese expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Syria
Gomido FC players
AS OTR Lomé players
Men's association football midfielders
Syrian Premier League players
21st-century Togolese people


Magic Symphony is the first single from the Blue System's third studio album, Twilight. It was published in 1989 by Hanseatic M.V. and was distributed by BMG. The lyrics, music, arrangements and productions belongs to Dieter Bohlen, co-production belongs to Luis Rodriguez.

Track listing
 12" Maxi
 Magic Symphony (Long Version) - 5:31
 Magic Symphony (Radio Version) - 3:35
 Magic Symphony (Instrumental) - 3:35
7" Single
 Magic Symphony - 3:35
 Magic Symphony (Instrumental) - 3:35

Charts

Blue System songs
1989 songs
1989 singles
1990 singles
Songs written by Dieter Bohlen
Song recordings produced by Dieter Bohlen
Ariola Records singles
Articles containing video clips


Pulaski County Courthouse is a Classical Revival building in Hawkinsville, Georgia dating from 1874. The building is located on the southwest corner of Commerce Street (US BUS 129/341/SRs 11 BUS/26) and North Lumpkin Street. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

The core of the building was built in 1874.  In 1885, the courthouse's clock was added.  In 1897 and 1910, it had major additions.  It is unusual among courthouses for having a chapel, just outside the entrance to the courtroom, which is used for weddings and prayer groups.

The courthouse is a contributing building in the Hawkinsville Commercial and Industrial Historic District.

References

External links

Pulaski County Magistrate, Probate and Superior Courts

Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
Neoclassical architecture in Georgia (U.S. state)
Government buildings completed in 1874
Buildings and structures in Pulaski County, Georgia
County courthouses in Georgia (U.S. state)
National Register of Historic Places in Pulaski County, Georgia