Kim Hỷ  is a commune (xã) and village in Na Rì District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Lương Thượng  is a commune (xã) and village in Na Rì District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Cường Lợi  is a commune (xã) and village in Na Rì District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Văn Vũ  is a commune (xã) and village in Na Rì District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Herrin High School (established 1903) is a secondary school located in Herrin, Illinois.  The high school is led by principal Jeffrey Johnson. It has an enrollment of about 735 students.  It is one of the only high schools in the U.S. that has its own bank, The First Tiger Trust.

Athletics
The school's athletic teams are known as the Tigers and compete in the Southern Illinois River-to-River Conference.  The athletic director is Andrew Anderson. Herrin High School Boys track team won IHSA Class A state track titles in 2007, 2008 and once again in 2010. The Basketball team has also enjoyed numerous successes over the years, winning the IHSA state title in 1957 over Collinsville by a score of 45 to 42, under Earl Lee. The basketball team also finished second twice losing 24 to 22 at the hands of Granite City in 1940 under Russ Emery, and 50 to 47 against Pleasant Plains in 2002 under Mike Mooneyham. The girls softball team has been very successful, finishing 2nd in state four times and winning conference several times under coach retired coach Bruce Jilek. The school's football team was coached  by Jason Karnes, until he stepped down in the fall of 2019. Karnes was  moderately successful over his career, having reached the State Playoffs all but two of the seasons he was head coach. The Tigers' sporting events are broadcast on 103.5 ESPN Radio, the voice of the Tigers is Mike Murphy.

Notable alumni
 Ray Chapman (1891–1920), second baseman for the Cleveland Indians
 Richard Clarida (born 1957), vice chairman of the Federal Reserve Board
 Steve Fisher (born 1945), coach of the Michigan Wolverines and San Diego State men's basketball teams
 Jim Ranchino (1936-1978), pollster, political consultant, and political scientist at Ouachita Baptist University

References

External links
 Herrin High School home page

Public high schools in Illinois
Schools in Williamson County, Illinois


Hiệp Lực is a commune (xã) and village in Ngân Sơn District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

The commune was formed by the consolidation the two former communes of Lãng Ngâm and Hương Nê.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


"(Margie's At) The Lincoln Park Inn" is a song made famous by country music singer Bobby Bare. Written by Tom T. Hall, the song became a major hit for Bare in the spring of 1969, peaking at No. 4 on Billboard magazine's Hot Country Singles chart.

Song plot
The song is told first-person style through the eyes of a family man, who describes everyday domestic life in the verses of his song. However, this is all background, as the main subject of the song is about his recent adulterous relationship with a woman named Margie. The two, as the song's title implies, had a sexual liaison at a motel called the Lincoln Park Inn.

The protagonist regrets his affair, and states that he has made a promise not to cheat anymore. However, he still harbors deep temptation for Margie ("I know why she's there/I've been there before"), and — still having her telephone number — knows full well that she is often a client at the inn and is probably there as he speaks.

Chart performance

Cover versions
In addition to Bare and Hall, "The Lincoln Park Inn" (as the song is sometimes known) has also been recorded by country performers Johnny Darrell, Johnny Duncan, Jimmy C. Newman, Ray Price, The Statler Brothers, Cal Smith, Mel Tillis, and Jack White.

References
"(Margie's At) The Lincoln Park Inn"  at Allmusic.
Whitburn, Joel, "Top Country Songs: 1944-2005," 2006.

1969 singles
Bobby Bare songs
Songs written by Tom T. Hall
1969 songs


Thuần Mang  is a commune (xã) and village in Ngân Sơn District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Short Titles Act (with its variations) is a stock short title used for legislation in Ireland and the United Kingdom which retroactively confers short titles on a large number of earlier pieces of legislation. The Bill for an Act with this short title will have been known as a Short Titles Bill during its passage through Parliament.

Halsbury's Laws said that Short Titles Acts are law reform Acts.

In modern times, an Act will authorize a short title to refer to itself, and occasionally additional or alternative short titles are provided, as for example the Senior Courts Act 1981.

List

Ireland
The Short Titles Act 1962
The Short Titles Acts 1896 to 2007 is the collective title of the Short Titles Act 1896, the Short Titles Act 1962, and sections 4 to 7 and 10(2) of, and in so far as it relates to section 4, Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 2007.
The Short Titles Acts 1896 to 2009 is the collective title of the Short Titles Acts 1896 to 2007 and sections 4 and 5 and 7(2) of, and in so far as it relates to section 4, Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 2009.
The Short Titles Acts 1896 to 2012 is the collective title of the Short Titles Acts 1896 to 2009 and sections 4 and 5 and 8(3) of, and in so far as it relates to section 4, Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 2012.

United Kingdom
The Short Titles Act 1892 (55 & 56 Vict. c. 10)
The Short Titles Act 1896 (59 & 60 Vict. c. 14)
The Statute Law Revision Act 1948 (11 & 12 Geo. 6 c. 62) under section 5 and the Second Schedule
The Short Titles Act (Northern Ireland) 1951 (c. 1) (N.I.)
The Statute Law Revision (Scotland) Act 1964 (1964 c. 80) under section 2 and Schedule 2
The Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1977 (1977 c. 18) under section 3 and Schedule 3
The Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1978 (1978 c. 45) under section 2 and Schedule 3

See also
List of short titles

References

Lists of legislation by short title
Westminster system


Thượng Quan  is a commune (xã) and village in Ngân Sơn District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Đức Vân  is a commune (xã) and village in Ngân Sơn District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam. It is very commonly known for it Patritic Symbol in the Great Book "Mrs.Wilsons - 7th Period Class"

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Fabric computing or unified computing involves constructing a computing fabric consisting of interconnected nodes that look like a weave or a fabric when seen collectively from a distance.

Usually the phrase refers to a consolidated high-performance computing system consisting of loosely coupled storage, networking and parallel processing functions linked by high bandwidth interconnects (such as 10 Gigabit Ethernet and InfiniBand) but the term has also been used to describe platforms such as the Azure Services Platform and grid computing in general (where the common theme is interconnected nodes that appear as a single logical unit).

The fundamental components of fabrics are "nodes" (processor(s), memory, and/or peripherals) and "links" (functional connections between nodes). While the term "fabric" has also been used in association with storage area networks and with switched fabric networking, the introduction of compute resources provides a complete "unified" computing system. Other terms used to describe such fabrics include "unified fabric", "data center fabric"  and "unified data center fabric".

Ian Foster, director of the Computation Institute at the Argonne National Laboratory and University of Chicago suggested in 2007 that grid computing "fabrics" were "poised to become the underpinning for next-generation enterprise IT architectures and be used by a much greater part of many organizations".

History
While the term has been in use since the mid to late 1990s the growth of cloud computing and Cisco's evangelism of unified data center fabrics followed by unified computing (an evolutionary data center architecture whereby blade servers are integrated or unified with supporting network and storage infrastructure) starting March 2009 has renewed interest in the technology.

There have been mixed reactions to Cisco's architecture, particularly from rivals who claim that these proprietary systems will lock out other vendors. Analysts claim that this "ambitious new direction" is "a big risk" as companies such as IBM and HP who have previously partnered with Cisco on data center projects (accounting for $2–3bn of Cisco's annual revenue) are now competing with them.

In 2007, Wombat Financial Software launched the "Wombat Data Fabric," the first commercial off-the-shelf software platform providing high performance / low-latency RDMA-based messaging across an Infiniband switch.

Key characteristics
The main advantages of fabrics are that massive concurrent processing combined with a huge, tightly coupled address space makes it possible to solve huge computing problems (such as those presented by delivery of cloud computing services); and that they are both scalable and able to be dynamically reconfigured.

Challenges include a non-linearly degrading performance curve, whereby adding resources does not linearly increase performance which is a common problem with parallel computing and maintaining security.

Companies
 companies offering unified or fabric computing systems include Avaya, Brocade, Cisco, Egenera, HPE, IBM, Liquid Computing Corporation, TIBCO, Unisys, and Xsigo Systems.

See also

 Cloud computing
 Converged infrastructure
 Grid computing
 Omni-Path
 Parallel computing
Massively parallel
Massively parallel processor array (MPPA)

References

External links
 Cisco Unified Computing and Servers
 Flexible HPE Converged Systems
 What is a Switch Fabric

Cloud computing
Distributed computing architecture
Computer networking


Vân Tùng  is a commune (xã) and village in Ngân Sơn District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province
District capitals in Vietnam


Trung Hòa  is a commune (xã) and village in Ngân Sơn District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Rodney Harmon (born August 16, 1961) is a former professional tennis player the ATP.

Perhaps Rodney's greatest result came at the 1982 U.S. Open, during his Grand Slam debut, when he got through to the quarterfinals overcoming Rolf Gehring, Henrik Sundström, Scott Davis and Eliot Teltscher, seeded 8th, in an epic fifth set tiebreak. He lost to eventual champion Jimmy Connors in the quarterfinals. Harmon is featured on Tennis Channel's Tennis Channel Academy, where he stars in a 30-minute coaching show.

Rodney was only the second African-American man to have reached the U.S. Open quarterfinals, alongside legend Arthur Ashe until James Blake in 2005.

Rodney was named head coach of the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets women's tennis team on July 3, 2012.

Career finals

Doubles (1 title)

External links

 Tennis Channel Profile

Living people
1961 births
African-American male tennis players
American male tennis players
Sportspeople from Richmond, Virginia
SMU Mustangs men's tennis players
Tennis people from Virginia
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets women's tennis coaches
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
American tennis coaches


Cốc Đán  is a commune (xã) and village in Ngân Sơn District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Thương Ân  is a commune (xã) and village in Ngân Sơn District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Geography

 Area: 67,36 km²
 Population: 1943 people (updated in 1999)
 Population density: 29 people / km².

Location

 The North is close to: Hưng Đạo commune, Tam Kim commune and Hoa Thám commune of Nguyên Bình district, Cao Bằng province.
 East is close to: Bằng Vân commune.
 The South is close to: Bằng Vân, Đức Vân and Vân Tùng communes.
 The West is close to: Cốc Đán commune.

The villages
Villages in Thượng Ân commune: Nà Bưa, Slành, Nà Y, Ruồm A, Ruồm B, Hang Rậu, Roòng Thù, Khuổi Sảo, Nà Cà, Tặc, Phia Pảng, Phiêng Khìt, Thẳm Ông, Nà Pài, Khuổi Rắt, Luộc, Nà Choán, Nà Hin.

Economy
Thượng Ân commune is on the list of ethnic minorities and mountainous areas in Bắc Kạn province. 10 villages in the commune on the list of extremely difficult villages include:

 Roỏng Thù
 Hang Slậu
 Phia Pảng
 Nà Pài
 Thẳm Ông
 Khuổi Slặt
 Phiêng Khít
 Nà Cà
 Khuổi Slảo
 Roỏng Tặc

History
- Before 1964 the commune was called Thanh Tâm. In 1964, the name was changed to Thượng Ân and remained the same until now.

- Bản Duồm A village, Thượng Ân commune is a place with revolutionary tradition of Bac Kan province. The first Party cell of the Bắc Kạn Province was established here in 1975.

References

 Ngân Sơn District website
 Bac Kan province newspaper

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Bằng Vân  is a commune (xã) and village in Ngân Sơn District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Sunrise Celebration is an ethical living, organic arts and music festival that used to take place in Bruton, Somerset, England on an organic farm and has now relocated to Pontrilas, Herefordshire.

History
The original concept was created by Daniel Hurring and Sun Bird in 2005, and the company Family Gathering was formed. The even began in 2006 over the summer solstice as an alternative celebration to the Glastonbury Festival that was taking one of its fallow years. It was originally called the Sunrise Summer Solstice Celebration, but dropped 'summer solstice' from the title in 2007 as the event's date moved to late May to avoid cross-scheduling with Glastonbury. The site in 2006-2008 was Bearley Farm in Bearley, approx.  north of Yeovil. Despite two successful events in 2006 and 2007 (boasting 6,000 - 8,000 attendees each year), the company lost £250,000 in this formative period, and closed as a result.

In 2008 the festival was cancelled due to extensive flash-flooding after a freak localized storm, although the organizers ran a smaller version of the festival later in the year as part of The Big Chill. As a result of the flooding and financial losses, Sunrise was reborn in 2009 on a site near Bruton, on organic farmland, considerably higher above sea level than the previous site. The event shrunk back down from 12,000 in 2008 to just 5,000 in 2009.

Sunrise saw its first financially stable year in 2009 under the management of Natural Communities Community Interest Company, a not-for-profit organization which raises funds for environmental and educational projects that continues to run the event to this day. The event grew to 7500 in 2010, and 9000 in 2011, with rave reviews each time. The 2010 event was run on behalf of The Inspiration Foundation charity. In 2011, the Natural Communities Foundation was set up as the official beneficiary of the festival, in order to achieve more of its charitable aims. That year Sunrise won The Guardian and Observer Newspapers' 'Ethical Travel Award' and The Green Parents 'Best Green Festival Award', and an 'Outstanding' mark with the organization 'A Greener Festival'.

The 2012 Sunrise Celebration festival returned to its original Summer Solstice dates for the first time since 2006. The event, in its 7th year, was dedicated to marking the important Solstice dates of the prophetic year of 2012 with a special one-off event on solstice night before the festival opened the next day.

In 2013, Sunrise Celebration renamed itself 'Sunrise Festivals Another World' and moved sites, this time over the border and into Wiltshire to Thoulstone Park, Chapmanslade.

2014 saw the festival return to its 'family gathering' roots, with the name Sunrise Celebration and much of the original content returning. The new site at Chepstow, just over the Welsh border, adjoins Chepstow Racecourse and is a country park a view over the Severn bridges. It lies adjacent to the beautiful Wye Valley walk.

Sustainability
The festival is powered by 100% renewable energy (including waste vegetable oil), has a site-wide organic food and drink policy and site-wide compost toilets, and is considered by many to be the United Kingdom's leading sustainable festival.

Activities
The festival includes five stages and acoustic and performance venues, including a large indoor stage, Chai Wallahs, three dance stages in the Sundance Arena and the Spit and Sawdust stage, hosting a mixture of folk, bluegrass and local up-and-coming bands. Over the years it has hosted stage productions from many of the best outfits in the alternative and underground festival scene.  The event includes a mix of alternative culture, with an eclectic musical blend of dub, world music, ska, electronica, dub-step, psy trance, breaks, reggae, folk music and Balkan beats; educational opportunities with Ecobuild, Transition Towns, and craft and technology areas; and is committed to best sustainable practice, with many of the festival's ground-breaking policies now being used by other mainstream festivals across the UK.

References

External links

Music festivals in Wales
Recurring events established in 2006
2006 establishments in England


Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai is an urban ward (phường) of Bắc Kạn Township, Bắc Kạn Province, in northeastern Vietnam. The ward is named after the Vietnamese revolutionary Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai, who had been executed by the French colonial government in Vietnam in 1941.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province
Bắc Kạn


Đức Xuân  is an urban ward (phường) of Bắc Kạn, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province
Bắc Kạn


Sông Cầu is an urban ward (phường) of Bắc Kạn, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province
Bắc Kạn


Phùng Chí Kiên  is an urban ward (phường) of Bắc Kạn, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam. The ward is named after revolutionist Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province
Bắc Kạn


Travel-Log is the ninth studio album by J. J. Cale. It was released in 1989.

Background
Cale initially made his reputation in the 1970s as a songwriter for Eric Clapton and Lynyrd Skynyrd. Cale's recording career came to a halt in the mid-1980s. Although he produced a handful of minor hits, Cale was indifferent to publicity and preferred to avoid the spotlight. As a result, his albums never sold well. However, his 1983 Mercury release #8 was the first album of his career not to chart, and he became disillusioned with the music business, taking six years off. In 1990 he explained in an interview, "In 1984 I was with a different record company, and it didn't seem to be working out too good, so I asked to get out of my contract, and that took a couple of years to shuffle the paper around. Then when I got through doin' that, I thought I'd take a little break from recording; maybe go in once or twice a year and record somethin' I'd written."

Recording
Travel-Log was the first solo album Cale produced himself, without long-time producer Audie Ashworth. Audie co-wrote the opening track "Shanghaid" with Cale. While the album has a travel theme with titles like "Tijuana" and "New Orleans", Cale insisted he did not set out to make a concept album and only recognized it after he picked the songs:

Cale had continued recording at his home studio and other studios, and explained that Travel-Log was "a gathering of all those things."  He drafted many of the same session musicians who worked on his previous recordings, such as drummer Jim Keltner and keyboardist Spooner Oldham, and also enlisted guitarist James Burton and folk veteran (and fellow Okie) Hoyt Axton, who sings on "Lean on Me."  Cale's wife, singer and guitarist Christine Lakeland, appears on the album. Travel-Log contains the bluesy, shuffling rock and roll fans would expected, although songs like "Hold On Baby" and "No Time" are harder-edged, with AllMusic's William Ruhlmann noting in his review, "Cale's first album in six years finds him taking a more aggressive stance in terms of tempos and playing, although he remains a man with a profound sense of the groove and, especially as a singer, a minimalist." The mysterious and spooky "Tijuana" tells the story of the "land of broken dreams" where women with flashing dark eyes ask "Can you take us over the border, just tell them I'm your daughter."  "End of the Line" has a jazzy, cocktail lounge after-hours vibe that recalls earlier Cale songs, "Call the Doctor" and "You've Got Me on So Bad." The track "Disadvantage," which is credited to Cale and four of the session players, sounds like the product of a studio jam, while "Riverboat Song" is an intimate acoustic blues featuring Cale's trademark multi-tracked vocals.

Track listing

All tracks written by J. J. Cale, unless otherwise noted.

 "Shanghaid" - 2:37 (Audie Ashworth, J. J. Cale)
 "Hold On Baby" - 3:02
 "No Time" - 3:13
 "Lady Luck" - 2:41
 "Disadvantage" - 3:35 (J. J. Cale, Drummond, Karstein, Lakeland, Oldham)
 "Lean on Me" - 3:19
 "End of the Line" - 3:09
 "New Orleans" - 2:33
 "Tijuana" - 3:54
 "That Kind of Thing" - 2:18
 "Who's Talking" - 3:27 (J. J. Cale, Drummond, Roger Tarczon)
 "Change Your Mind" - 2:26
 "Humdinger" - 3:24
 "River Boat Song" - 3:07

Personnel
 J. J. Cale - guitar, bass, vocals
 Hoyt Axton - background vocals on "Lean on Me"
 James Burton - guitar
 Doug Belli - bass
 Tim Drummond - bass
 Jim Karstein - percussion, drums
 Jay Mitthauer - drums
 Jim Keltner - organ, percussion, drums
 Christine Lakeland - organ, guitar, background vocals
 Spooner Oldham - keyboards

Chart performance

Weekly charts

References

J. J. Cale albums
1989 albums


Emotions is the third album by the English rock band Pretty Things. Released in 1967, the album demonstrated a shift in the band's style, reflecting a fusion of psychedelia and blues.

Composition

Uncut, in a review of the band's studio albums box set The Complete Studio Albums 1965-2020, said that Emotions married "hard blues with psychedelia". AllMusic said that songs such as "There Will Never Be Another Day" demonstrated the band's R&B leanings, while Mojo said that "the West Coast guitar on One Long Glance, the wigged-out Growing In My Mind and the knowing Tripping nodded hopefully towards the boot-boy psychedelia of the Small Faces."

Release

A compact disc reissue included 7 bonus tracks. In 2023, all 13 of the band's studio albums were included in the box set The Complete Studio Albums 1965-2020.

Reception

Uncut wrote that "Emotions was evidence they were better at marrying hard blues with psychedelia than almost any of their peers other than the Who".

Track listing

Personnel

The Pretty Things
Phil May – vocals
Dick Taylor – guitar
Skip Alan – drums
Jon Povey – vocals, keyboards
Wally Waller – bass, guitars, vocals
Brian Pendleton – rhythm guitar
 John Stax – bass
with:
Johnnie Gray – alto, tenor and soprano saxophone
J. Collier – double bass
G. Wallace – bass trombone
John Shinebourne, Lionel Ross, R. Kok, William de Mont – cello
Reg Tilsley – orchestra conductor
Marie Goossens – harp
Keith Christie – trombone
Albert Hall, Bert Ezzard, Greg Bowen – trumpet
Johnny Edwards – valve trombone

Note – Brian Pendleton and John Stax were present when sessions began for the album, but it is still unknown precisely which tracks on which they played.

References

1967 albums
Pretty Things albums
Albums produced by Steve Rowland (record producer)
Blues albums by English artists
Fontana Records albums
Psychedelic music albums by English artists
Rhythm and blues albums by English artists


Bằng Thành  is a rural commune (xã) of Pác Nặm District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


A continuing care retirement community (CCRC), sometimes known as a life plan community, is a type of retirement community in the U.S. where a continuum of aging care needs—from independent living, assisted living, and skilled nursing care—can all be met within the community. These various levels of shelter and care may be housed on different floors or wings of a single high-rise building or in physically adjacent buildings, such as garden apartments, cottages, duplexes, mid- and low-rise buildings, or spread out in a campus setting. The emphasis of the CCRC model is to enable residents to avoid having to move, except to another level of care within the community, if their needs change.

Description

Typically, all of the living options (independent living, assisted living, and skilled nursing) of a Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC) are on a single campus. The typical CCRC in the United States varies greatly in size, although the average is just over 330 units, made up of 231 independent or congregate living units, 34 assisted living beds, and 70 skilled nursing home beds. On average, an older resident in the United States might live in the independent living facility for 10–12 years, the assisted living facility for 1-2 year, and the skilled nursing facility for 1–2 years.

In 2010, there were approximately 1,900 CCRCs in the United States, located in 48 states and the District of Columbia; Alaska and Wyoming had none. The top ten states with the greatest number of CCRCs are Pennsylvania, Ohio, California, Illinois, Florida, Texas, Kansas, Indiana, Iowa, and North Carolina—in that order.

Typically, seniors move into a CCRC while still living independently, with few health risks or healthcare needs, and will remain there until end of life.  Most CCRCs require both health and financial assurances for admission.  As seniors progress in age, and medical needs change, the level of nursing care and service increases proportionally in response. In such a way, the needs of seniors are consistently monitored and catered to, particularly as those needs become more intensive. If greater illness or injury warrants hospitalization (not available in CCRCs), the senior may return to his or her CCRC residence after recovery, and should receive appropriate rehabilitative care.

Continuing-care retirement communities are attractive for seniors who find themselves living in increasing social isolation as they age, who would like to be immersed in a hospitable environment with other people of similar age and would like to plan for their long-term health care needs. Typically, a range of activities and amenities are provided for both recreation and resource. However, CCRCs are costly, and vary widely in entrance and recurring fees.

Types of assistance and care

In most CCRCs there are three levels of care:

independent living, in which residents care for themselves and enjoy housekeeping services and a wide array of other services and amenities in the community.  Some CCRCs have special programs, e.g., in partnership with Masterpiece Living, to help residents with successful aging.
assisted living, in which residents are given help as needed with daily tasks such as bathing and dressing in the residential unit or in a dedicated facility in the community.
24-hour nursing home care, usually in a dedicated skilled nursing facility.

In addition, many CCRCs have a fourth level of memory support care, in addition to assisted living and skilled nursing; some offer home- and community-based care, expanding their reach into the greater community; and a few provide the last level of end-of-life care.

Types of contracts

Often, a life-care contract is required, and the stipulations within such contracts can also vary in terms of service. Contracts typically specify the shelter arrangements, residential services, personal and health care, and nursing care that they are guaranteed during their stay in the CCRC. These agreements also specify the present costs to the residents of living in its community and using its resources, the conditions under which costs may be increased, and the conditions under which residents must transfer among its levels of care. These contracts are designed to protect the rights of the older residents, but they also give the owners of CCRCs considerable influence as to what long-term care benefits older residents receive.

The American Seniors Housing Association (ASHA) distinguishes three principal contract types: Type A or life care (also known as extensive or all-inclusive); Type B or modified; and Type C or fee-for-service (ASHA, 2002). These contracts reflect the differences in the way CCRCs charge for personal assistance and nursing care and the extent to which they guarantee the availability of this care without additional costs to residents. In practice, CCRCs will often offer residents contract arrangements that represent a blend of these three contract types.

 Type A or Life Care contracts – CCRCs offering Type A or life care contracts guarantee their residents shelter, residential services, and amenities along with personal assistance and nursing care for the rest of their lives in return for an initial entrance fee and a monthly payment schedule. CCRCs usually offer these contracts to seniors who initially occupy their congregate or independent living units. The entry fees may be nonrefundable or partially refundable depending on the length of the resident's stay.  Under the life care contract, residents who move to the assisted living or nursing home accommodations of the CCRC continue to pay a monthly fee similar to what they had for their independent living accommodations. CCRCs agree to increase these fees only to compensate for normal operating costs increases. In this way, CCRCs absorb the risk of any increases in the cost of providing health and long-term care to residents with Type A contracts.  CCRCs that offer Type A contracts can sometimes be called Life Care communities in contrast to the common Life Plan moniker.
Type B or Modified contracts – often have lower monthly fees than Type A contracts, while including the same housing and residential amenities as Type A contracts. However, only some health care services are included in the initial monthly fee. Under the modified contract, when residents move to a higher level of care, the CCRC agrees to charge the independent living rate for only some specified time period, after which residents must pay either a full or a discounted per diem rate.  For example, a resident may receive 30, 60, or 90 days of assisted living or nursing care without an increased charge.  Thereafter, residents would pay the market daily rate or a discounted daily rate, as determined by the CCRC, for all assisted living or nursing care required and face the risk of having to pay higher costs for needed care.
Type C or Fee-for-Service contracts – often require an entrance fee lower than Type A or B or none at all. Under the Fee-for-Service contract, residents receive priority or guaranteed admission to the CCRC's higher levels of care, but they are not entitled to any discounted health care or assisted living services. Rather, on entering a CCRC's assisted living facility or nursing home, they pay the regular and usually higher price per diem market rate. Older residents admitted directly into a CCRC's assisted living facility or nursing home would typically sign fee-for-service contracts.  Under the Type C contract, the risk of high long-term care expenses rests with the resident.

Some CCRCs offer a fourth type of contract, Type D or rental agreements, which generally require no entrance fee, but a monthly fee for basic independent living amenities, with guaranteed access to CCRC services and health care. Type D contracts are essentially pay-as-you-go, and residents take on the risk of all expenses and their increases in exchange for little or no entrance fee.

Few CCRCs offer an equity model, in which the resident owns the residential unit that may be resold later.

Most CCRCs offer more than one type of contract with some options introduced in response to recent economic conditions.  Consumer selection of contract types appears to favor the type of contract the CCRC has offered the longest, rather than any particular analysis.  Even though a CCRC's entrance fees (in Type A, B, and sometimes C contracts) represent in part lump-sum long-term care insurance premiums (or prepayments of future costs) paid by all non-rental residents upon entry for health care that is used at any given time by only a small subgroup, the "sweet spot" for the entrance fees appears to be determined not actuarially but by whether it resembles locally affordable housing, viz., whether the entry fee is at or below the local market home values.  Entrance fees are sometimes marketed as fees to "reserve your home".  Most residents raise the money for entrance fees by selling their homes.  Ziegler reports as of its March 2017 poll that Type A and C contracts are increasing in popularity and that entrance fees have and will increase.

A simple and rough way to compare contracts is to calculate the total expected combined entrance and monthly fees over a typical resident's expected lifetime in the community, i.e., the simple actuarial model.

Regulations and risks

In 2010, the US Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported to the US Senate's Special Committee on Aging that CCRCs can provide benefits to older Americans, but not without some risk.  Specific risks vary by CCRC and by state.  CCRCs are primarily regulated by states rather than by the federal government.  States generally license CCRC providers, monitor and oversee their financial condition, and have regulatory provisions designed to inform and protect consumers.  California, Florida, Illinois, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin all had the regulatory authority to financially examine CCRCs to assess financial condition or viability.  The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services provides oversight of nursing facilities that are commonly part of CCRCs, but this oversight focuses on the quality of care and safety of residents in those facilities that receive payments under the Medicare and Medicaid programs.  If the community participates in Medicare and/or Medicaid (as opposed to private pay only), then the skilled nursing unit will be rated by the U.S. government on the basis of health inspections, staffing, and resident assessments.

Potential residents, or their current caregivers, should inquire about licensing reports, prior inspections and verified complaints to help inform their opinion of a particular CCRC. It is also advisable for potential residents and their caregivers to have open discussions with current residents and receive their opinions on the CCRC in question.  Given the complexity of CCRCs, a check list or worksheet is very useful.

A list of accredited CCRCs (about 300 out of 1,900) can be procured from the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities, which also provides resources to help evaluate CCRC options.

It is important when considering CCRC contracts to have an elder law attorney review its terms and ensure legitimacy.

In its 2010 report, GAO identified some risks CCRC residents might face, including: losing their residence and familiar surroundings in the event of a CCRC closure; losing the refundable portion of their entrance fees — which may amount to hundreds of thousand of dollars or more — if a CCRC encountered financial difficulties; facing larger-than-expected increases in monthly and other fees that could erode their existing assets or make the CCRC unaffordable to them.  The biggest risk to CCRC residents is that the CCRC might default and not deliver its promised and paid-for care.

CCRC residents should know that management's ability to fill a vacant unit directly affects the level of fees that they must pay and the CCRC's ability to operate on a sound sustainable financial basis.  In evaluating financial stability, one can examine the net assets (difference between the assets and the liabilities) of a non-profit CCRC as declared in Form 990, filed with the IRS annually for their tax-exempt status, and may be accessed online. One way CCRC residents can develop trust for the information and decisions coming from their leadership is to have a resident representative on the CCRC governing board.  States that require residents to be represented on governing boards of CCRCs include New Jersey, Maryland, District of Columbia, California, Ohio, and Oregon, although the resident-representatives in the latter three states have non-voting positions.

While rare, closures and bankruptcies of CCRCs do happen, as well as class action lawsuits.  A 2014 class-action lawsuit, which alleged that the CCRC Vi at Palo Alto funneled the residents' refundable entrance fees to its parent company without establishing a reserve fund as required by state law, was dismissed by a US District Court judge who ruled that, while the CCRC might be in violation of state law by not maintaining a cash reserve, the plaintiffs (CCRC residents) "lack[ed] standing in their civil claim" because they did not show that harm was done or was imminent.  The residents appealed and in April 2020 the Appeals Court found that "the statutory violation of failing to maintain a refund reserve harms Residents by putting them in the distressing position of choosing between vacating the Vi and potentially risking non-repayment, or continuing to live at the Vi in a state of perceived financial insecurity."  Subsequently, a proposed class action settlement was reached and a final hearing is scheduled in September 2022.

Resident demographics

The average age of CCRCs entrants has shown a steady increase over time, from 76 in the 1970s, to 78 in the 1980s, to 79 in the 1990s.  In 2009 the average age of entrants was about 80; in 2015 it was slightly above 81, continuing the increasing trend over time. Also on average, Type C entrants were older than Type B, who were older than Type A.  Given the increasing average age of entry, projections of future CCRC entrants and demands/contracts for CCRCs have to be re-evaluated.

At entry, the average life expectancy is 10 to 12 years, although individual life expectancy can vary with entry age, gender, health, etc.  The average resident can expect to spend roughly 3/4 of their lifetime at a CCRC in the independent living, 1/8 in the assisted living, and 1/8 in the skilled nursing, which again can vary with entry age, gender, health, etc.

In 2015, the average annual income of new residents ranged from a low of about $20,000 to a high of about $264,000, with a median of about $66,000. The average net worth of new residents ranged from a low of about $223,000 to a high of about $5,900,000, with a median of about $1,120,000. Although these figures are from only 46 CCRCs, they are indicative that some CCRCs are attractive to affluent residents.

The average age of the CCRC residents have also increased over time, from about 80 in 1980s to above 85 in 2010s.

See also

 Elderly care
 Elder law
 Geriatrics
 Home care
 Nursing home
 Old age
 Pensioner
 Retirement community
 Assisted living
 Independent living

References

Attribution

  The above article incorporates text from the United States Government Accountability Office Report to the Chairman, Special Committee on Aging, U.S. Senate (June 2010) Older Americans: Continuing Care Retirement Communities can provide benefits, but not without some risk, which is in the public domain.

External links
 Consumer Guide to Understanding Financial Performance and Reporting in CCRCs (June 2016) pdf - carf.org
 Continuing-Care Beginner's Guide - Caring.com
 Continuing Care Retirement Communities consumer's guide - California Advocates for Nursing Home Reform
 Continuing Care Retirement Communities Can Provide Benefits, but Not Without Some Risk (June 2010) - U.S. Government Accountability Office
 Continuing Care - U.K. Department of Health

Retirement communities in the United States


Artwork is the fourth studio album by American rock band the Used, released through Reprise in the United States and the United Kingdom on August 31, 2009.

Recording
The Used began writing for Artwork in early 2008, and originally hoped to enter the studio shortly after Kevin Lyman's 2008 "Get a Life Tour" with Weezer front-man Rivers Cuomo as producer of the album. The Used expressed their interest in the raw sound found on Weezer's 1996 album Pinkerton, and hoped to create a similar sound by working with Cuomo. The band ended up working with producer Matt Squire (Panic! at the Disco, Boys Like Girls, The Receiving End of Sirens) and did not enter the studio until the end of 2008. On December 20, 2008, it was mentioned that the band had three or four weeks of recording remaining. In January 2009, the band posted a few videos of the recording process. On March 7, the group finished recording.

The band experienced several changes upon making Artwork. The band changed management within their label Reprise Records. This was the first album with new drummer Dan Whitesides; also the first studio album that was not produced by Goldfinger's frontman John Feldmann. Feldmann had been working with The Used since lead singer Bert McCracken threw a demo on stage during a Goldfinger concert in 2001. Commenting on the band's state prior to these changes, guitarist Quinn Allman felt that, "we were kept in a space with our resources that was creating an essence for our band that wasn't who we truly were."

Composition
Feeling that the band's previous albums had a similar sound, they had hoped to make a brand new genre they refer to as "gross pop" with Artwork. In Alternative Press magazine, McCracken described the new genre, "In the past, we've always kind of brought pop sensibility into heavy rock, but this is going to be all that much more tantalizing and brutal. Our songs are 10 times messier and noisier than they've ever been." The themes of the record include "coming to grips with how much you really hate yourself" and the concept of mortality. McCracken, who had previously lived a "reckless life," recently came to terms with how easy it is to accidentally die after the death of actor Heath Ledger. Allman compared it musically to the group's self-titled album. He described "Blood on My Hands" as a track that "sums up everything about the Used." "Empty with You" is about being okay with feeling lonely, provided there is someone you can share the loneliness with. "Meant to Die" is loosely based on the death of Ledger and not being able to say "sorry," or "I never meant to die" after an accidental death.

This album features Bert McCracken's brother Joseph McCracken singing at two songs.

Release
On March 30, 2009, Artwork was announced for release in June. In March and April, the band performed a handful of shows in the US with the Bled. The band appeared at The Bamboozle festival in early May. At shows prior to the release of Artwork, the Used performed the new track "Blood on My Hands". This song was the first single from the album, and was released on June 30 as a vinyl picture disc and digital download. From July until the album's release, guitar tabs were released for the songs on their official website on a weekly basis. "Blood on My Hands" was released on radio on July 14. In August, the group appeared at the Sonisphere Festival. "Born to Quit" was released as a single on August 11.

After being planned for release in spring, and having an initial release date of September, Artwork was eventually released on August 31 through major label Reprise Records. A special edition CD+DVD package was released, featuring an expanded booklet and a DVD with behind the scenes materials. The CD featured an outtake "In a Needle" and an alternative mix of "On the Cross" as bonus tracks. Following the album's release, the group went on a UK tour in September. In October and November, the group went on a headlining US tour with support from the Almost and Drive A. Every person that purchased their tickets online were sent the demo "Something Safe" and an uncensored music video for "Blood on My Hands". On December 11, a music video premiered for "Empty with You" through Tunelab's website. "Born to Quit" was released to radio on December 15.

Reception

The album opened at #10 on the Billboard 200 with 35,000 copies sold.

Artwork received mostly mixed reviews from music critics. Metacritic has given the album a score of 56 out of 100 based on 8 reviews. On Sputnikmusic, it received a score of 3.3 out of 5 based on all reviews, indicating "great". Sputnikmusic user Trey Spencer awarded the album 4 stars out of 5, summarizing his review by saying, "The Used make some adjustments in their sound and end up with an album that will require a few listens to really sink in."

Alternative Press praised the album highly, saying "On their fourth full-length, the Used have delivered not only the definitive album of their career, but arguably one of the best records you'll hear in 2009." On the other hand, PopMatters said, "After sampling the tasteless, bland delights of Artwork though, I can't imagine many will."

Track listing

Additional track information
The Used recorded 14 songs during the Artwork recording session.  The 3 b-sides from the session are titled "Mosh n' Church", "In a Needle", and "Something Safe".  The b-sides were released as downloadable bonus tracks for pre-ordering the album, buying tickets to the album tour, and later on digital music stores.  A remix version of "On the Cross" was also released on digital music stores and an alternative version of "Sold My Soul" was posted to the band's YouTube page.

{{tracklist
| headline = ''Ticket pre-sale| title12 = Something Safe
| note12 = demo
| length12 = 3:14
| title13 = Blood on My Hands
| note13 = uncensored music video
}}

PersonnelThe Used Bert McCracken – lead vocals, piano, keyboards
 Jeph Howard – bass, backing vocals
 Quinn Allman – guitar, backing vocals
 Dan Whitesides – drums, percussion, backing vocalsAdditional personnel Joseph McCracken – vocals on "Blood on My Hands" and screaming vocals on "Meant to Die"
 Jed Bleecker and "Killer" Dayton Killian – vocals on "Blood on My Hands"Production'''
Produced, engineered by Matt Squire
Mixed by Neal Avron
Mastered by Ted Jensen
Assisted by Edward Colver and Nicolas Fournier
Digital editing by Bill Appleberry
Photography by Quinn Allman and Paul Rayner-Brown
Artwork by Paul Rayner-Brown
Cover photo, creative director, design by Frank Maddocks
A&R by Craig Aaronson

Chart performance

Release history

Standard edition

Limited edition

References

External links

Artwork at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)

2009 albums
The Used albums
Albums produced by Matt Squire


Nhạn Môn is a rural commune (xã) of Pác Nặm District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Sirokay is a Hungarian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Miklós Sirokay (?–1355/58), Voivod of Transylvania 1342-1344
 László Sirokay (?–1487), Bishop of Nicopolis
 Zsuzsanna Sirokay (born 1941), pianist

See also
Široké

Hungarian-language surnames


Công Bằng  is a rural commune (xã) of Pác Nặm District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Giáo Hiệu  is a rural commune (xã) of Pác Nặm District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Bộc Bố  is a rural commune (xã) of Pác Nặm District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province
District capitals in Vietnam


Xuân La  is a rural commune (xã) of Pác Nặm District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Cổ Linh  is a rural commune (xã) of Pác Nặm District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


An Thắng is a rural commune (xã) of Pác Nặm District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Cao Tân is a rural commune (xã) of Pác Nặm District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Agnes of Bohemia (, )  (1305–1337) was the only child of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia by his second wife, Elisabeth Richeza of Poland. She was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty.

Family
Her father's previous marriage to Judith of Habsburg had produced four surviving children, Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Anna of Bohemia, Elisabeth of Bohemia and Margaret of Bohemia. Wenceslaus II died in 1305 and his heir Wenceslaus III was assassinated one year later, in Olomouc, on his way to Poland.

Agnes' mother, Elisabeth, subsequently married Rudolph III, son of Albert of Habsburg (King of the Romans) on 16 October 1306. Rudolph was chosen to be King of Bohemia by part of Czech nobility and Elisabeth remained queen for a short time. Rudolph died 4 July 1307 of dysentery after becoming ill during the siege of the fortress of one of the revolting noblemen, Bavor III of Strakonice. In his last will, Rudolph acknowledged Elizabeth's dowry towns and entailed her a huge amount of money.

Marriage
Elisabeth arranged for Agnes to marry Henry I of Jawor. The wedding took place in 1316, however, because the two were related in the fourth degree of kinship, a papal dispensation was required. It was granted in 1325. Agnes' brother-in-law, King John of Bohemia opposed the marriage, which would make Henry a powerful rival, along with Bolesław III the Generous, the husband of Margaret of Bohemia, a half-sister of Agnes.

Shortly after the wedding and, with the consent of Elisabeth, Henry I went with his troops to her dowry town  , Hradec Králové in North Bohemia, where he organized expeditions to support rebels against King John of Bohemia.

Agnes had only one pregnancy which ended in a miscarriage, in the first trimester when she rode with her horse over a hill. This accident kept her in bed for many months. Agnes died in 1337, only two years after her mother and nine years before her husband.

Ancestry

Sources
 Agnès Przemyslide

1305 births
1337 deaths
Přemyslid dynasty
Piast dynasty
Bohemian princesses
Polish princesses
14th-century women from Bohemia
14th-century Polish women
14th-century Polish people
Daughters of kings


Nghiên Loan is a rural commune (xã) of Pác Nặm District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province


Ramsey's Draft Wilderness is a designated wilderness area in the North River Ranger District of the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests of Virginia in the United States. The wilderness area was established in 1984 and comprises . It is administered by the US Forest Service.

Topography

Ramsey's Draft Wilderness is located between the crests of Shenandoah Mountain and Bald Ridge, north of U.S. Route 250 and approximately  west of Staunton, Virginia. A rugged and steep piece of land, Ramsey's Draft Wilderness ranges in elevation from  to  at Hardscrabble Knob. The wilderness is named after its primary drainage stream. A "draft," is a local term for a creek.  Ramsey's Draft is a tributary of the Calfpasture River, which feeds into the James River and the Chesapeake Bay.

History

The US Forest Service first purchased land in this area in 1913 for Shenandoah National Forest, the precursor to the present day George Washington National Forest. The Forest Service has managed the Ramsey's Draft area essentially as a wilderness since 1935 as much of it had never been logged. A road more than three miles (5 km) upstream from U.S. 250 constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s lasted until 1969, when rainwater from Hurricane Camille wiped out much of the road at the stream crossings. Another flood in November 1985 further eliminated the original road and changed the course of the stream in multiple areas, shortly after the area was officially designated a wilderness under the Virginia Wilderness Act of 1984.

The boundaries of Ramsey's Draft wilderness have long been the subject of discussion.  The original wilderness proposal, developed in the early 1970s and backed by the Virginia Wilderness Committee and the Potomac Chapter of the Sierra Club, included most of Shenandoah Mountain between Rt. 250 and FDR 95, the western slope down to private land along Shaws Fork, and much of the Bald Ridge area.  The U.S. Forest Service recommended the core ~6,500 acres, and this is the tract that became law.

Since the 1984 Virginia Wilderness Act, several citizen proposals have been developed to expand the boundaries of the Ramsey's Draft Wilderness.  None of these have been enacted.

Since 2007, the Forest Service has been working on a revision to its Management Plan for the George Washington National Forest.  The draft Plan proposes adding wilderness acreage to the present Ramsey's Draft Wilderness eastern and northern boundaries.  The Forest Service notes that a major concern about the Ramsey's Draft addition is the opposition of the county board of supervisors.

In 2004, Virginia Wilderness Committee and local mountain biking groups formed the Friends of Shenandoah Mountain to advocate for expansion of the Ramsey's Draft Wilderness to the north and east, and for a separate wilderness on the western slope of Shenandoah Mountain.  This new proposal also includes a large National Scenic Area and additional wilderness areas to the north of Ramsey's Draft.  A component of this proposal is an adjustment of the present western boundary of Ramsey's Draft Wilderness to remove the Shenandoah Mountain Trail from the wilderness area to accommodate mountain biking interests.  The Friends proposal is supported by a large number of businesses, organizations, and faith groups.

Vegetation

Ramsey's Draft Wilderness is well known for its stands of old-growth Canadian hemlock, particularly in the northern reaches of Ramsey's Draft, however these stands are under attack by the hemlock woolly adelgid and may not last much longer. Other large trees in the wilderness include tulip poplar, eastern white pine, sugar maple, black birch, shagbark hickory, and northern red oak.  Over 250 species of vascular plants have been identified and logged in Ramsey's Draft Wilderness.

Wildlife

Ramsey's Draft is one of the stops on the Virginia Birding and Wildlife Trail established by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. In its description of Ramsey's Draft on the Birding and Wildlife Trail website, the Department of Game and Inland Fisheries explains that this site "is probably popular among birders because it provides nesting grounds for neotropical migrants that typically nest at high elevations."

Ramsey's Draft itself is a native brook trout stream.  Other common wildlife found in Ramsey's Draft Wilderness include white-tailed deer, black bear, wild turkey, squirrel, grouse, raccoon, beaver and rabbit, among others.

Recreation

The property has been used for recreation for many years. The Potomac Appalachian Trail Club constructed the Sexton Cabin within the present wilderness boundaries in 1938  Destroyed by fire in 1967, it was rebuilt.  Shortly after Ramsey's Draft Wilderness was enacted as law, the Forest Service, interpreting the Wilderness Act to preclude any structures in federal wilderness areas, had the cabin removed.  (PATC disputed that decision, and in later years it was determined that existing structures in wilderness areas could stay.)  All that remains today is the chimney of Sexton Cabin, along the present-day Jerry's Run Trail.  Logs from the Sexton Cabin were later used to construct the PATC's Mutton Top Cabin.

The major trail through the center of the wilderness is the Ramsey's Draft Trail.  Rebuilt after the 1985 flood, this trail follows the streambed and the old road (where possible), and has been described as "one of the most popular on Virginia roadless lands" in one guidebook.

Other trails in and around Ramsey's Draft Wilderness include:
Jerry's Run Trail
Shenandoah Mountain Trail
Road Hollow Trail
Bridge Hollow Trail
Bald Ridge Trail
Wild Oak Trail
Sinclair Hollow Trail
Hiner Spring Trail

The Shenandoah Mountain Trail is a segment of the Great Eastern Trail project.

See also

List of U.S. Wilderness Areas
Wilderness Act

References

External links
National Forest Web site
Wilderness.net
TopoQuest topographic map
Hiking Upward website account of Ramsey’s Draft hike *Ramsey’s Draft hike detail
Detailed inventory of flora in Ramsey’s Draft Wilderness
Virginia Wilderness Committee web site

Protected areas of Augusta County, Virginia
George Washington and Jefferson National Forests
IUCN Category Ib
Wilderness areas of Virginia
Civilian Conservation Corps in Virginia
Protected areas established in 1984
1984 establishments in Virginia


Huyền Tụng is a commune (xã) and village in Bắc Kạn, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province
Bắc Kạn


Henry Honore was the Dean of Bangor from 1410 until 1413. Honore had been the vicar at Bocton Monchesey before 1406 when he exchanged this to become the vicar at Newchurch, Kent. In June 1410 he exchanged his position with William Pollard for the deanery of Bangor.

Notes

References

15th-century Welsh Roman Catholic priests
Deans of Bangor
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing


Farm is the ninth studio album by American alternative rock band Dinosaur Jr. It is the band's first release on the record label Jagjaguwar.

The first editions of the album came with a free white-vinyl 7 inch with the songs "I Don't Wanna Go There" and "Tarpit", recorded live for Pitchfork TV.

The original European version had a mastering error – the volume was 3 dB too loud. The European label PIAS Recordings recalled the affected copies to exchange them with correct ones.

The band released a video for "Over It," directed by Mark Locke. It featured the band members riding around an urban setting on BMX bikes and a skateboard, performing stunts and pratfalls; professional riders were used as stunt doubles. It featured a brief cameo from Mike Watt.

Farm debuted at No. 29 on the Billboard 200, making it the band's highest-charting album in the US. It has gone on to sell over 51,000 copies in US. In 2012 it was awarded a double silver certification from the Independent Music Companies Association, which indicated sales of at least 40,000 copies throughout Europe.

Reception

On Metacritic, Farm received a score of 76 out of 100, indicating "generally favorable reviews" based on 26 reviews.

Track listing

Personnel
Dinosaur Jr.
J Mascis – lead vocals, guitars, producer, writer (1–4, 6–11, 15–16)
Lou Barlow – bass, vocals, lead vocals (tracks 5, 12)
Murph – drums, percussion
Technical
Justin Pizzoferrato – sound engineer
John Agnello – sound engineer, mixing
Greg Calbi – mastering
Marq Spusta – artwork
Russell Warby – booking
Steve Kaul – booking
Daniel Murphy – graphic design
Mike McKoy – layout
Brian Schwartz – management
 Recorded at Bisquiteen
 Mastered at Sterling Sound
 Mixed at Bisquiteen

References

External links
New Dinosaur Jr. LP Details Announced at Pitchfork Media
The New Dinosaur Jr. Cover Will Get You High at Pitchfork Media

2009 albums
Dinosaur Jr. albums


Metro Airlines, originally Houston Metro Airlines, was a commuter airline that was originally headquartered in Houston, Texas, United States,. Metro subsequently moved its headquarters to north Texas. The airline had an operational base located on the grounds of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport and also had offices on the airport property and in Grapevine, Texas. Metro evolved into an airline holding company with the acquisition or creation of a number of different airlines, including as the banner carrier (commercial aviation) operating feeder services for Eastern Airlines as Eastern Metro Express which was based in Atlanta, GA and Metroflight which operated American Eagle service from the Dallas/Ft. Worth Airport. The company filed for bankruptcy in 1993, and the assets were acquired by AMR Simmons Airlines.

History
In 1969 the airline was founded to serve the Houston area with "cross-town" flights.  Houston Metro Airlines constructed their own 2,500 foot, short take-off and landing (STOL) airstrip along with a passenger terminal building and maintenance hangar adjacent to Clear Lake City, Texas near the NASA Johnson Space Center.  The Clear Lake City STOLport was essentially Houston Metro's own private airport.  The airline's initial route linked Clear Lake City (CLC) with Houston Intercontinental Airport (IAH) which opened in 1969.  In early 1970, Houston Metro was operating two routes:  Clear Lake City - Houston Intercontinental and Houston Hobby Airport (HOU) - Houston Intercontinental.  The February 1, 1970 Houston Metro timetable lists 24 round trip flights every weekday between the CLC STOLport and Houston Intercontinental and 14 round trip flights every weekday between Houston Hobby and Houston Intercontinental.  According to the February 1976 edition of the Official Airline Guide (OAG), the airline was operating 22 roundtrip flights every weekday in its passenger shuttle operation between Clear Lake City and Houston Intercontinental.  The route system was later expanded to include a number of destinations in southeast and south Texas with flights to George Bush Intercontinental Airport.  At one point, the airline also flew between Laredo, TX (LRD) and San Antonio, TX (SAT).  All initial Houston Metro service was operated with de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter twin turboprop STOL aircraft as the Clear Lake City STOLport was specifically designed for this aircraft.  Additional new service was later extended to Lafayette, LA (LFT) and Lake Charles, LA (LCH) with flights to Houston Intercontinental (IAH) with these services being operated with larger Short 330 twin turboprop aircraft.  The Short 330 was also utilized by Metro for flights between IAH and Beaumont/Port Arthur (BPT) where one was destroyed by a tornado in 1983 while sitting empty on the airport ramp (see Accidents and incidents below).

In 1972 the airline carried between 90,000 and 100,000 passengers per year. It displayed a profit of $156,510 U.S. dollars in an eight-month period.

In 1978 Metro entered the "stand up widebody cabin age" when the first orders for five (5) Short 330 twin turboprops were announced.  These Irish-manufactured aircraft would be used to complement the Twin Otters already in use on higher demand routes as well as new service to Lafayette, LA and Lake Charles, LA and offered far more comfortable seating for passengers.  The addition of the 30 passenger Short 330 turboprops required Metro to make provisions for flight attendants and also resulted in the carrier joining the ranks of the regional airline industry via its use of larger aircraft.  The company was also independently operating flights from the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport (DFW) at this time with DHC-6 Twin Otter and Short 330 aircraft with services to several destinations in east Texas with some of these flights continuing on to or originating from Houston Intercontinental (IAH).  These Twin Otter and Short 330 passenger services into DFW were flown by the Metroflight Airlines division which would eventually operate American Eagle flights. Metroflight also independently served several destinations in Oklahoma and north Texas from Dallas/Ft. Worth and Oklahoma City (OKC).

In 1982 Metro purchased fourteen (14) Convair 580 aircraft from the original Frontier Airlines.  These 50 passenger twin turboprops were then used to initiate the first ever American Eagle service via a new code sharing passenger feed agreement with American Airlines.  The Convair 580 aircraft were operated by the Metroflight Airlines division which also flew DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft on American Eagle services.

Metro Airlines operated out of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport via its wholly owned Metroflight division under the American Eagle brand beginning on November 1, 1984. In 1985 the airline announced that it would end service to Houston Intercontinental Airport (now George Bush Intercontinental Airport). Royale Airlines, a commuter/regional air carrier based in Louisiana, then assumed many of the routes that were previously operated by Metro into Houston.  However, in 1987 Royale declared bankruptcy and ceased all scheduled passenger flight operations.

Acquisitions and subsidiaries
Metro Airlines spun off its certificated airline, being Metro Airlines, and formed an airline holding company. Among the commuter and regional air carriers acquired or created by Metro were:

 Brockway Air - acquired in the summer of 1989, Metro changed Brockway's name to Metro Air Northeast, and  operated as a banner carrier codeshare partner flying as TWExpress on behalf of Trans World Airlines (TWA).
 Chaparral Airlines - purchased in 1987 by Metro Airlines; its aircraft were merged into the operations of wholly owned subsidiary Metroflight for "the American Eagle codeshare branded banner flying".  Chaparral had operated American Eagle service primarily from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) on behalf of American Airlines before being merged into Metroflight.
 Metro Express II - spun off from the original Metro Airlines for "the Eastern Express codeshare branded banner flying".  This regional airline was based in Atlanta, GA and operated as Eastern Metro Express flying British Aerospace BAe Jetstream 31 and de Havilland Canada DHC-8-100 Dash 8 twin turboprop aircraft.  Eastern Metro Express provided passenger feed at the Eastern Air Lines hub located at Atlanta Hartsfield International Airport (ATL).
 Sunaire - name changed to Aviation Associates.  This commuter air carrier operated as Eastern Express in the Caribbean flying de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter turboprops and providing passenger feed at the Eastern Air Lines hub located at the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport (SJU).  Service was flown to St. Croix (STX), St. Thomas (STT), Tortola, BVI (EIS), Virgin Gorda, BVI (VIJ), Mayaguez, PR (MAZ), and St. Maarten, N.A. (SXM), and other short haul destinations in the Caribbean. The Eastern Express service was primarily operated from San Juan although point-to-point flights between various other islands were flown as well.  The Twin Otter was well suited for flights into Virgin Gorda as the airport runway on this island was an unpaved sand and gravel airstrip at the time.
Eastern Metro Express - Metro also operated feeder services as Eastern Express for Eastern Air Lines to and from Houston Intercontinental Airport (IAH) during the mid-1980s flying de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter turboprops.  Destinations served on a nonstop basis from IAH by this Eastern Express service included Beaumont/Port Arthur, TX (BPT); Clear Lake City, TX (CLC), Lake Charles, LA (LCH); Longview, TX (GGG); Sugar Land, TX (SGR); Tyler, TX (TYR); and Victoria, TX (VCT).  Metro was also operating Eastern Express service at this time from San Antonio International Airport (SAT) with service to Laredo, TX (LRD)

Bankruptcy

In 1991 Metro went into Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization and then in May 1993 Metro Airlines went completely out of business.  The airline assets were promptly purchased and renamed by AMR Corporation whom were already involved with Metro Airlines by way of the "banner carrier" codeshare flying that Metro performed for AMR via its Metroflight division with these services being created cooperatively by the legacy carrier, being American Airlines, and the regional, being Metro subsidiary Metroflight, as American Eagle during the mid-1980s. Under AMR many of Metroflight's assets found their way over to Simmons Airlines.

Houston Metro's original home, being the Clear Lake City STOLport located in the Houston area near the NASA Johnson Space Center, was abandoned and subsequently demolished in order to make way for suburban development.  There is currently no trace of this pioneering airfield to be seen.

In later years, Continental Express, a regional airline and a regional airline brand; and at that time survivor of the post-deregulation and highly controversial Houston based Texas Air Corporation Continental Airlines and Eastern Air Lines acquisition years, operated scheduled passenger air service from Ellington Field (EFD) near the former site of the Clear Lake City STOLport.  Much like the original Houston Metro, and subsequent Eastern Metro Express short hop operations by amicable partner Metro Airlines; short hop Continental Express flights commenced during the 1980s, utilizing ATR-42 and Embraer EMB-120 Brasilia turboprops and then Embraer ERJ-135 regional jets to transport connecting passengers across the city to Houston George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH).  However, this service was finally discontinued as well.

Destinations
Houston Metro and Metro
These destinations were served by Houston Metro Airlines during and after its name change to Metro Airlines from its Clear Lake City headquarters, with de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter turboprops and/or Short 330 turboprops:

 Beaumont/Port Arthur, TX (BPT)
 Brazoria County, TX (Brazosport) (LBX)*
 Clear Lake City, TX STOLport (CLC)**
 Corpus Christi, TX (CRP)
 Galveston, TX (GLS)
 Houston, TX (IAH)* - Hub
 Lafayette, LA (LFT)
 Lake Charles, LA (LCH)
 Lake Jackson, TX (LJN)**
 Laredo, TX (LRD)
 San Antonio, TX (SAT)
 Sugarland/Houston, TX Hull Field (SGR)*
 Victoria, TX (VCT)

 * Renamed Airports  Brazoria County Airport (LBX), Houston Intercontinental Airport (IAH), Hull Field (SGR)
 ** Permanently Deactivated Airports  Clear Lake City STOLport (CLC), Lake Jackson (LJN)

Destinations on behalf of American, Eastern and Trans World Airlines
Metroflight destinations d/b/a American Airlines Metroflight
These destinations were initially served independently by the Metroflight division with de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft:

 Altus, OK (AXS)
 Dallas/Ft. Worth, TX (DFW) - Hub
 Enid, OK (WDG)
 Houston, TX (IAH)
 Lawton, OK (LAW)
 Longview, TX (GGG)
 Lufkin, TX (LUF)
 McAlester, OK (MLC)
 Nacogdoches, TX (OCH)
 Oklahoma City, OK (OKC) - Hub
 Paris, TX (PRX)
 Ponca City, OK (PNC)
 Stillwater, OK (SWO)
 Tyler, TX (TYR)
 Wichita Falls, TX (SPS)

Metroflight would later operate codeshare services for American Airlines flying Convair 580 turboprops as American Eagle.

Metro Express II destinations d/b/a Eastern Metro Express

These destinations were served with British Aerospace BAe Jetstream 31 turboprops and/or with de Havilland Canada DHC-8-100 Dash 8 turboprops:

 Albany, GA (ABY)
 Asheville, NC (AVL)
 Atlanta, GA (ATL)  - Hub
 Augusta, GA (AGS)
 Bristol/Kingsport/Johnson City (TRI, the Tri-Cities Regional Airport serving this area in TN and VA)
 Chattanooga, TN (CHA)
 Columbus, GA (CGS)
 Dothan, AL (DHN)
 Ft. Walton Beach, FL (VPS)
 Gulfport/Biloxi, MS (GPT)
 Hilton Head Island, SC (HHH)
 Huntsville, AL (HSV)
 Knoxville, TN (TYS)
 Lexington, KY (LEX)
 Macon, GA (MCN)
 Moultrie, GA (MGR) (one flight a day)
 Montgomery, AL (MGM)
 Myrtle Beach, SC (MYR)
 Panama City, FL (PFN, airport now closed)
 Wilmington, NC (ILM)

Aviation Associates destinations d/b/a Eastern Express
After the acquisition of the airlines "Sunaire" and the subsequent name change to "Aviation Associates,"
de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter 250 & 300 turboprops served the following destinations:

 San Juan, PR (SJU)  - Hub
 Mayaquez, PR (MAZ)
 Ponce, PR (PSE)
 St. Croix, USVI (STX)  - Hub
 St. Thomas, USVI (STT)
 Tortola/Beef Island, BVI (EIS)
 Virgin Gorda, BVI (VIJ)
 St. Maarten, N.A. (SXM)

Metro (Houston, TX division) - Destinations d/b/a Eastern Express

Many of these destinations were previously served by Metro Airlines on an independent basis prior to a marketing alliance with Eastern Airlines and were operated with Metro's very own DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft:

 Beaumont/Port Arthur, TX (BPT);
 Clear Lake City, TX (CLC),
 Lake Charles, LA (LCH);
 Longview, TX (GGG);
 Sugar Land, TX (SGR);
 Tyler, TX (TYR); and
 Victoria, TX (VCT).

Metro was also operating Eastern Express service at this time from San Antonio International Airport (SAT) with service to
Laredo, TX (LRD)

Metro Air Northeast destinations d/b/a TWExpress
After the acquisition of the airline "Brockway Air" and its subsequent name change to "Metro Air Northeast," Beech-1900C and Saab-340A commuter aircraft served the following destinations upon TWA's TWExpress network:
See Brockway Air Destinations

Fleet
 British Aerospace BAe Jetstream 31 (flown by Eastern Metro Express on behalf of Eastern Air Lines and based in Atlanta, GA)
 Beechcraft Model 99
 de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter (originally operated by Houston Metro and later by Metro and Metroflight.  Also operated as Eastern Express in the Caribbean and in feeder services from both Houston Intercontinental Airport and San Antonio International Airport as Eastern Express on behalf of Eastern Air Lines)
 de Havilland Canada DHC-8-100 Dash 8 (flown by Eastern Metro Express on behalf of Eastern Air Lines and based in Atlanta, GA)
 Short 330
 Convair 580 (aircraft were branded and operated as American Eagle flights)

Accidents and incidents
 Beechcraft 99 crashed upon takeoff from Galveston in 1974.
 Short 330 destroyed by a tornado at Beaumont, Texas on May 20, 1983.
 On September 3, 1987, an Eastern Metro Express pilot fell off a Beechcraft 99 as the airplane was flying from Lewiston Municipal Airport in Lewiston, Maine to Boston Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts. The plane's co-pilot was able to land at Portland International Jetport in Portland, Maine, after declaring an emergency. The pilot was hanging from some cable railings and his feet were stuck on the plane's door jamb, and he missed being decapitated by only six inches once the airplane touched down on the runway. The pilot and co-pilot were the only occupants; the pilot had a hand injury but they both survived.

See also
 List of defunct airlines of the United States

References

External links

Defunct regional airlines of the United States
Companies based in Grapevine, Texas
Defunct companies based in Texas
American Airlines
Airlines established in 1969
1969 establishments in Texas
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1991
1993 disestablishments in Texas


Russell Ambrose "Buster" Brayshaw (January 17, 1918 – February 25, 1993) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left wing who played 43 games in the National Hockey League with the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1944–45 season. He was a fill-in player for the Hawks while others served in the Second World War. Brayshaw spent the four following years in the American Hockey League.

He died in Abbotsford, British Columbia in 1993.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

References

External links

1918 births
1993 deaths
Brandon Wheat Kings coaches
Canadian expatriates in the United States
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Cleveland Barons (1937–1973) players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
People from Rosthern, Saskatchewan
Providence Reds players
Saskatoon Quakers players
St. Louis Flyers players
Seattle Ironmen players
Tulsa Oilers (USHL) players
Vancouver Canucks (WHL) players


Banyun may refer to:
Bainuk people, of Senegal
Banyun, Iran (disambiguation)


Bronner is a white grape variety used for wine. It was bred in 1975 by Norbert Becker at the viticultural institute in Freiburg, Germany. The variety was initially known under its breeding code FR 250-75, and was later named in honour of  (1792-1864), who was a German pharmacist and viticultural pioneer. It received varietal protection in 1977.

Bronner shows good resistance against fungal diseases and is in many respects similar to Pinot blanc.

Pedigree

Becker created Bronner by crossing Merzling (mother vine) and Gm 6494 (father vine). "Gm" is used in breeding codes for grapes from the Geisenheim grape breeding institute, but Gm 6494 was originally created in Czechoslovakia in 1964 by Professor V. Kraus by crossing Zarya Severa and St. Laurent. Kraus offered several of his crosses to Dr. Helmut Becker in Geisenheim, where additional work was carried out, and where his plants were given serial numbers. The grape variety Rondo was created by selecting a Gm 6494 plant with particular properties.

Initially, the father vine of Gm 6494 was thought to be , but Becker's successor Volker Jörger and his colleagues were able to identify Zarya Severa instead.

Gm 6494 has an influence of Vitis amurensis in its pedigree, but despite this, Bronner is usually not considered to be a hybrid grape.

Relationship to other grapes
In 1983, Bronner was crossed with Cabernet Sauvignon to create the white wine grape Souvignier gris.
In 1996 the red wine grape Divico was obtained through a natural cross of Gamaret with Bronner.

Synonyms

The only synonyms of Bronner are FR 250-75 or Freiburg 250-75.

Other Bronner variety

Confusingly, Bronner is also used as the name of an open pollination variant of Pinot blanc. The Pinot blanc-related Bronner, which is not the same variety as the 1975 German crossing, is known under the synonyms Weiße Bronnertraube and Weiße Gaman. Unlike most cultivated grape varieties, which are dioecious, Bronner/Gaman is monoecious, with only female flowers.

References

White wine grape varieties


Chợ Rã is a township (Thị trấn) and capital town of Ba Bể District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province
District capitals in Vietnam
Townships in Vietnam


Replicas of the Jewish Temple are scale models or authentic buildings that attempt to replicate the Temple of Solomon, the Second Temple and Herod's Temple in Jerusalem.

Scale models

Judah Leon model
In the seventeenth century, Rabbi Jacob Judah Leon of Amsterdam (1602–1675) built a widely exhibited model of the Temple based on his understanding of the biblical specifications.

Schott model

Another notable model was constructed by Gerhard Schott (1641–1702), follows an interpretation made by the Spanish Jesuit Juan Bautista Villalpando.  Schott's model, known as the Hamburg temple model, is still displayed in the Hamburg Museum in Hamburg.

Conrad Schick models

Conrad Schick constructed a series of replicas of the Jewish Temple.  His replica of the Biblical Tabernacle was visited in Jerusalem by several crowned heads of state, toured the United Kingdom, and was exhibited at the 1873 Vienna World's Fair.  It was purchased by the King of Württemberg, who awarded Schick a knighthood in recognition of his work.  Schick built a replica of the contemporary Temple Mount and Dome of the Rock for the Ottoman Sultan.  His final model, in four sections, each representing the Temple Mount as it appeared in a particular  era, was exhibited at the St. Louis World's Fair of 1904.

A scale model existed at the Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva, but was destroyed during World War II. Two of Schick's models are located in the basement of the Schmidt school for girls in east Jerusalem, near the Damascus Gate.

Another of Schick's models is at the Bijbels Museum ("Biblical Museum") in Amsterdam.

Avi-Yonah model

The Israel Museum in Jerusalem houses the Holyland Model of Jerusalem, a model of Jerusalem in the Late 2nd Temple Period originally constructed by archeologist Michael Avi-Yonah at the Holyland hotel.

Other models
The Yeshiva University Museum in Manhattan has models by archaeological architect Leen Ritmeyer.  The North Visitors' Center at Temple Square, in Salt Lake City, Utah has a scale model of Jerusalem as it may have looked at the time of Christ.

Alec Garrard of Norfolk, UK, worked for 30 years creating a 1:100 scale model of Herod's Temple. His model has been recognized as the most authentic version of the temple in the world.

Palestine Park on the grounds of Chautauqua Institution in Chautauqua, New York  has a small replica of the temple, part of a living topographical map of the Holy Land, complete with the Sea of Galilee, the Jordan River,  and the Dead Sea.  Lake Chautauqua stands in for the Mediterranean.

The Holy Land Experience, a Christian theme park in Orlando, Florida featured a large replica of Herod's Temple inside the walls of a replica of the Jerusalem of Jesus' day.

Building-sized replicas of the Temple

In 2009, Jews from settlements Mitzpe Yeriho in the West Bank, began to build a life-size replica of the Temple of Jerusalem.

In 2010 the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God started the construction of a  replica of Solomon's temple in São Paulo, Brazil. According to local press reports, the building would be an "exact replica" of the ancient Temple of Solomon, but with increased dimensions, despite resembling considerably more Herod's Temple. The temple was inaugurated in July 2014. The mega-church seats 10,000 worshipers and stands 180 feet tall, the height of an 18-story building.

Buildings evoking the Temple

A number of churches and synagogues have been designed to evoke the Temple. The most famous of them is the Escorial Palace Monastery in Spain (1563–1584), by architect Juan Bautista de Toledo under the order of Philip II of Spain.  The central axis reveals a pattern of courtyard, sanctuary, Holy of Holies.

The Old Whalers Church in Sag Harbor, New York was built in 1844 by architect Minard Lafever as a replica of the Temple.<ref name=Landy>"The Architecture of Minard Lafever, Jacob Landy New York, Columbia University Press, 1970, pp. 230, 287.</ref>

The 1906 building of Temple Israel (Boston, Massachusetts) was intended to be a replica of the Temple.  The Church of St. Polyeuctus in Constantinople was built with the precise proportions given in the Bible for the Temple of Solomon.

The 1909 building of the Herzliya Hebrew High School in Tel Aviv,  designed by Joseph Barsky, was intended to evoke Solomon's Temple following a widely circulated reconstruction of the temple by Charles Chipiez.

All LDS temples are evocations of the Temple of Solomon. The Salt Lake Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is oriented towards Jerusalem and the large basin used as a baptismal font is mounted on the backs of twelve oxen, as was the brazen sea of Solomon's Temple.
The Cardston Alberta, Laie Hawaii, and Mesa Arizona Temples of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are all designed after the style of the second temple built by King Herod.

The Masonic Temples bear a similar symbolism: Solomon's Temple is a central symbol of Freemasonry, which holds that the first three Grand Masters were King Solomon, King Hiram I of Tyre, and Hiram Abiff – the craftsman/architect who built the temple.  Masonic initiation rites include the reenactment of a scene set on the Temple Mount while it was under construction. Every Masonic Lodge, therefore, is symbolically the Temple for the duration of the degree, and possesses ritual objects representing the architecture of the Temple. These may either be built into the hall or be portable.  Among the most prominent are replicas of the pillars Boaz and Jachin through which every initiate has to pass.

Replicas in the form of the Dome of the Rock

It was long mistakenly believed by Europeans that the Dome of the Rock had been built as an architectural replica of the Temple. A number of buildings were  designed as replicas of the Temple in the shape of the Dome of the Rock. Many of these buildings are linked to the Temple Knights who had the nearby Al Aqsa Mosque as their Jerusalem headquarters. These replicas include the octagonal, fifteenth-century  Church of St. Giacomo in Italy, and the octagonal,  nineteenth-century Moorish Revival style Rumbach Street synagogue in Budapest.

Perugino's Marriage of the Virgin and Raphael's The Marriage of the Virgin both show the Temple as a Renaissance version of the Dome of the Rock.

Replicas of the tabernacle

The Glencairn Museum in Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania  has a replica of the biblical tabernacle dating from 1922.  The Mennonite Information Center in Lancaster, Pennsylvania had a replica dating from the 1940s."Rising up; Tabernacle replica in Gordonville fixed after storm", Lancaster New Era, Lancaster, June 15, 2002,: Joan Kern

The Mishkan Shiloh'' synagogue in Shilo, Mateh Binyamin is designed as a replica of the Tabernacle.

In Israel, Timna Valley Park and Kibbutz Almog  feature full-scale replicas.

References

Tabernacle and Temples in Jerusalem
Jewish Temple

Jewish Temple


Øystein Rottem (1 February 1946 – 5 December 2004) was a Norwegian philologist, literary historian and literary critic.

Personal life
Rottem was born on the island of Hemnskjela in what was then the municipality of Heim. His parents were Sverre Bernhardsen Rottem and Solveig Terese Hassel. He was married to Gerd Synnøve Vigeland from 1969 to 1989, and to Bente Findling-Nielsen from 1991. He died from cancer in Copenhagen on 5 December 2004.

Career
Rottem graduated from the University of Oslo in 1976 with the cand.philol. degree. He was a literary critic for the newspaper Dagbladet from 1984, and is regarded among the most important and influential literary critics in Norway over a period of two decades. Before Dagbladet he had worked for Ny Tid and Arbeiderbladet. He also contributed to Norsk biografisk leksikon.

His most widespread works as a literary historian are the three last volumes of Norges Litteraturhistorie, covering the period after World War II, Fra Brekke til Mehren 1945–1965 (volume 6, published 1995), Inn i medietidsalderen 1965–1980 (volume 7, 1997) and Vår egen tid 1980–1998 (volume 8, 1998). He lectured at the University of Tromsø and from 1985 to 1991 at the University of Copenhagen, and spent one year from 1991 to 1992 as a visiting scholar at the University of Vienna. He published several academic works about Knut Hamsun, and a biography of Sigurd Hoel (1991). His guide books on Copenhagen include Vårt København. Norske forfattere i Kongens by (2000), Sild & snaps i København (2003), and Til bords i Tivoli (2004).

References

1946 births
2004 deaths
Norwegian literary critics
Dagbladet people
Norwegian literary historians
University of Oslo alumni
Academic staff of the University of Tromsø
Academic staff of the University of Copenhagen
Norwegian expatriates in Denmark
People from Sør-Trøndelag


Hot sauce is a spicy sauce.

Hot sauce may also refer to:

Music
Hot Sauce (Jessy J album), released in 2011
Hot Sauce (NCT Dream album), released in 2021
"Hot Sauce" (song)
"Hot Sauce", a song by Thomas Dolby from his album Aliens Ate My Buick (1988)
"Hot Sauce", a song by Torren Foot (2018)

People
Major League Baseball pitcher Kevin Saucier (born 1956), also known as "Hot Sauce"
Mixed martial artist Trevor Smith (fighter) (born 1981), also known as "Hot Sauce"
Streetball player Philip Champion (born 1976), also known as "Hot Sauce"

Other uses
HotSauce in computer software

See also
 Hotsaucing, punishment by hot sauce
 Chili sauce, a condiment prepared with chili peppers or red tomato as a primary ingredient


Phủ Thông is a township (Thị trấn) and capital town of Bạch Thông District, Bắc Kạn Province, in Vietnam.

Populated places in Bắc Kạn province
Communes of Bắc Kạn province
District capitals in Vietnam
Townships in Vietnam


The 2008 Akron Zips football team represented the University of Akron in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season.  Akron competed as a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) and played in the East Division.

Before the season
2007 starter Reggie Corner was selected 114th overall in the fourth round of the 2008 NFL Draft. He is the 15th player from Akron to be selected in the draft, and he is the fifth-highest historically. Four other players signed with professional teams in the National Football League.  These players are:
Jabari Arthur with the Kansas City Chiefs,
Davanzo Tate with the New York Jets,
Nate Robinson with the New York Giants, and
Kris Kasparek with the Miami Dolphins.

Six different Akron players made their ways to Preseason All-MAC Teams. Five players were selected each for the teams published by MAC Report Online and Athlon. On the list published by MAC Report Online, Almondo Sewell was named First-Team Defense, and Bryan Williams as well as Andre Jones were named First-Team Specialists. Chris Kemme and Ryan Bain were named Second-Team Offense and Defense, respectively.

Schedule

Game summaries

Wisconsin
at Camp Randall Stadium, Madison, Wisconsin

Scoring Summary

1st Quarter
10:37 WIS Graham 3-yard pass from Evridge (Welch kick) 7-0 WIS
7:20 WIS Hill 2-yard run (Welch kick) 14-0 WIS

2nd Quarter
14:52 WIS Welch 32-yard field goal 17-0 WIS
10:44 AKR Poindexter 3-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 17-7 WIS
0:02 AKR Iveljic 26-yard field goal 17-10 WIS

3rd Quarter
10:00 WIS Hill 1-yard run (Welch kick) 24-10 WIS
6:20 WIS Brown 2-yard run (Welch kick) 31-10 WIS

4th Quarter
11:48 WIS Clay 9-yard run (Welch kick) 38-10 WIS
0:38 AKR Owen 11-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 38-17 WIS

Syracuse
at the Carrier Dome, Syracuse, New York

Scoring Summary

1st Quarter
11:39 AKR Jones 33-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 7-0 AKR
1:41 AKR Kennedy 35-yard run (Iveljic kick) 14-0 AKR

2nd Quarter
14:14 SYR Owen 32-yard pass from Dantley (Shadle kick) 14-7 AKR
7:35 AKR Allen 1-yard run (Iveljic kick) 21-7 AKR
2:17 SYR Brinkley 1-yard run (Shadle kick) 21-14 Akron
0:22 AKR Allen 1-yard run (Iveljic kick) 28-14 Akron

3rd Quarter
11:30 SYR Owen 4-yard pass from Dantley (Shadle kick) 28-21 Akron

4th Quarter
12:56 SYR Provo 15-yard pass from Dantley (Shadle kick) 28-28
7:28 AKR Jones 21-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 35-28 Akron
2:43 AKR Poindexter 18-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 42-28 Akron

Ball State
at the Rubber Bowl, Akron, Ohio

Scoring Summary

1st Quarter
12:26 BSU Orsbon 21-yard pass from Davis (McGarvey kick) 7-0 BSU
10:50 AKR Iveljic 34-yard field goal 7-3 BSU

2nd Quarter
13:32 BSU McGarvey 31-yard field goal 10-3 BSU
10:18 AKR Allen 5-yard run (Iveljic kick) 10-10
1:11 BSU Lewis 3-yard run (McGarvey kick) 17-10 BSU

3rd Quarter
9:26 BSU Baker 33-yard fumble recovery (McGarvey kick) 24-10 BSU
5:16 BSU Lewis 2-yard run (McGarvey kick) 31-10 BSU

4th Quarter
13:06 AKR Johnson 26-yard run (Iveljic kick) 31-17 BSU
10:17 BSU Hill 25-yard pass from Davis (McGarvey kick) 38-17 BSU
8:27 AKR Jones 13-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 38-24 BSU
3:04 BSU McGarvey 32-yard field goal 41-24 BSU

Army
at Michie Stadium, West Point, New York

Scoring Summary

1st Quarter
7:21 AKR Iveljic 25-yard field goal 3-0 AKR

2nd Quarter
6:14 AKR Jones 25-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick failed) 9-0 AKR
0:00 ARMY Campbell 36-yard field goal 9-3 AKR

3rd Quarter
8:22 AKR Iveljic 36-yard field goal 12-3 AKR

4th Quarter
8:22 AKR Kennedy 1-yard run (Iveljic kick) 19-3 AKR
4:02 AKR Iveljic 37-yard field goal 22-3 AKR

Cincinnati
at the Rubber Bowl, Akron, Ohio

Scoring Summary

1st Quarter
10：47 CIN Gilyard 14-yard pass from Pike (Rogers kick) 7-0 CIN
4:02 AKR Iveljic 26-yard field goal 7-3 CIN

2nd Quarter
0:09 AKR Bowser 7-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick blocked) 9-7 AKR

3rd Quarter
13:05 CIN Gilyard 67-yard pass from Pike (Rogers kick) 14-9 CIN

4th Quarter
14:13 AKR Kennedy 1-yard run (2PAT failed) 15-14 AKR
7:45 CIN Rogers 48-yard field goal 17-15 CIN

Kent State
at Dix Stadium, Kent, Ohio

Scoring Summary

1st Quarter
13:09 AKR Jones 29-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 7-0 AKR
3:53 KENT Thompson 1-yard pass from Edelman (Reed kick) 7-7
0:06 AKR Iveljic 33-yard field goal 10-7 AKR

2nd Quarter
10:55 KENT Bayes 14-yard pass from Edelman (Reed kick) 14-10 KENT
3:06 KENT Terry 1-yard run (Reed kick) 21-10 KENT

3rd Quarter
8:45 AKR Kennedy 1-yard run (Iveljic kick) 21-17 KENT

4th Quarter
1:28 AKR Bowser 24-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 24-21 AKR
0:00 KENT Reed 32-yard field goal 24-24

Overtime
OT KENT Reed 34-yard field goal 27-24 KENT
OT AKR Iveljic 32-yard field goal 27-27
2OT AKR Iveljic 25-yard field goal 30-27 AKR

Bowling Green
at the Rubber Bowl, Akron, Ohio

Scoring Summary

1st Quarter
1:05 AKR Kennedy 3-yard run (Iveljic kick) 7-0 AKR

2nd Quarter
5:54 AKR Bowser 37-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 14-0 AKR
3:50 BGSU Parks 34-yard pass from Sheehan (Vrvilo kick) 14-7 AKR
2:58 AKR Kennedy 19-yard run (Iveljic kick) 21-7 AKR
0:42 BGSU Partridge 8-yard pass from Sheehan (Vrvilo kick) 21-14 AKR

3rd Quarter
10:06 AKR Iveljic 47-yard field goal 24-14 AKR
5:00 AKR Iveljic 26-yard field goal 27-14 AKR

4th Quarter
13:04 Sheehan 19-yard run (Vrvilo kick) 27-21 AKR
11:38 BGSU Sheidler 5-yard pass from Anthony Turner (Vrvilo kick) 28-27 BGSU
7:47 AKR Poindexter 13-yard pass from Jacquemain (2PAT failed) 33-28 AKR
4:52 BGSU Partridge 21-yard pass from Sheehan (2PAT failed) 34-33 BGSU
2:20 Vrvilo 44-yard field goal 37-33 BGSU

Eastern Michigan
at Rynearson Stadium, Ypsilanti, Michigan

Scoring Summary

1st Quarter
12:08 AKR Iveljic 26-yard field goal 3-0 AKR

2nd Quarter
12:16 AKR Jones 16-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 10-0 AKR
9:29 EMU Blevins 3-yard run (Carithers kick) 10-7 AKR
9:21 AKR Jones 45-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 17-7 AKR
4:17 EMU Jones 5-yard pass from Schmitt (Carithers kick) 17-14 AKR
2:51 AKR Kennedy 33-yard run (Iveljic kick) 24-14 AKR

3rd Quarter
9:06 EMU Blevins 1-yard run (Carithers kick) 24-21 AKR
7:42 AKR Kennedy 10-yard run (Iveljic kick) 31-21 AKR

4th Quarter
14:10 AKR Iveljic 27-yard field goal 34-21 AKR
5:31 EMU Sanders 19-yard pass from Schmitt (Carithers kick) 34-28 AKR
3:49 EMU Leduc 6-yard pass from Schmitt (Carithers kick) 35-34 EMU
0:14 AKR Kennedy 4-yard run (Kennedy rush) AKR 42-35

Toledo
at the Rubber Bowl, Akron, Ohio

Scoring Summary

1st Quarter
 11:39 AKR Bruce 23-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 7-0 AKR
 9:58 AKR A. Williams blocked punt return (Iveljic kick) 14-0 AKR
 4:22 AKR Poindexter 19-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 21-0 AKR
 0:04 TOL Steigerwald 28-yard field goal 21-3 AKR

2nd Quarter
 5:11 TOL Opelt 6-yard run (Steigerwald kick) 21-10 AKR
 0:02 AKR Iveljic 23-yard field goal 24-10 AKR

3rd Quarter
 12:19 TOL Stafford 22-yard pass from Opelt (Steigerwald kick blocked) 24-16 AKR
 12:19 AKR Lemon PAT return 26-16 AKR
 6:29 TOL Williams 8-yard pass from Opelt (Steigerwald kick) AKR 26-23
 3:04 AKR Miller 9-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 33-23 AKR

4th Quarter
 12:51 AKR Kennedy 2-yard run (Iveljic kick) 40-23 AKR
 8:01 AKR A. Johnson 33-yard run (Iveljic kick) 47-23 AKR
 5:01 TOL Williams 16-yard pass from Opelt (Steigerwald kick) 47-30 AKR

Buffalo
at the Rubber Bowl, Akron, Ohio

Scoring Summary

1st Quarter
 9:36 UB Roosevelt 24-yard pass from Willy (Principe kick) 7-0 UB
 5:08 UB Principe 28-yard field goal 10-0 UB
 4:53 AKR Kennedy 57-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 10-7 UB

2nd Quarter
 4:48 UB Starks 3-yard run (Principe kick) 17-7 UB
 0:08 AKR Iveljic 49-yard field goal 17-10 UB

3rd Quarter
 11:14 AKR Kennedy 24-yard run (Iveljic kick) 17-17

4th Quarter
 11:14 UB Starks 5-yard run (Principe kick) 24-17 UB
 0:23 Kennedy 1-yard run (Iveljic kick) 24-24

Overtime
 OT UB Willy 1-yard run (Principe kick) 31-24 UB
 OT AKR Miller 4-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 31-31
 2OT AKR Iveljic 42-yard field goal 34-31 AKR
 2OT UB Principe 24-yard field goal 34-34
 3OT UB Starks 1-yard run (2PAT failed) 40-34 UB
 3OT AKR Kennedy 1-yard run (2PAT failed) 40-40
 4OT UB Principe 40-yard field goal 43-40 UB

Ohio
at Peden Stadium, Athens, Ohio

Scoring Summary

1st Quarter
 8:01 AKR Kennedy 3-yard run (Iveljic kick 7-0 AKR
 2:49 OHIO Brazill 66-yard punt return (Way kick) 7-7

2nd Quarter
 11:19 OHIO Price 4-yard pass from Jackson (Way kick) 14-7 OHIO
 6:42 AKR Jacquemain 9-yard run (Iveljic kick) 14-14
 2:45 OHIO Carter 23-yard pass from Jackson (Way kick) 21-14 Ohio
 1:18 AKR Bowser 60-yard pass from Jacquemain (Iveljic kick) 21-21
 1:01 OHIO Price 19-yard pass from Jackson (Way kick) 28-21 OHIO

3rd Quarter
 9:01 OHIO Price 25-yard pass from Jackson (Way kick) 35-21 OHIO

4th Quarter
 14:57 AKR Kennedy 1-yard run (Iveljic kick) 35-28 OHIO
 14:42 OHIO Garrett 97-yard kickoff return (Way kick) 42-28 OHIO
 8:08 AKR Kennedy 2-yard run (Iveljic kick) 42-35 OHIO
 2:12 AKR Kennedy 1-yard run (Iveljic kick) 42-42
 0:32 Carter 1-yard pass from Jackson (Way kick) 49-42 OHIO

Temple
at Lincoln Financial Field, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Scoring Summary

2nd Quarter
 9:08 TEM DiMichele 4-yard run (Brownell kick failed 6-0 TEM

3rd Quarter
 2:18 AKR Iveljic 24-yard field goal 6-3 TEM

4th Quarter
 10:15 AKR Iveljic 18-yard field goal 6-6
 7:49 TEM DiMichelle 4-yard run (Brownell kick) 13-6 TEM
 4:02 TEM Grigsby 3-yard run (Brownell kick) 20-6 TEM
 2:29 TEM Grigsby 9-yard run (Brownell kick) 27-6

Roster

Coaching staff
J.D. Brookhart - Head Coach
Bill Bleil - Assistant Head Coach / Tackles & Tight Ends
Joe Moorhead - Offensive Coordinator / Quarterbacks
Jim Fleming - Defensive Coordinator / Secondary
Brian Callahan - Offensive Line
 Dana Chambers - Defensive Line
Mike Dawson - Linebackers
Reno Ferri - Running Backs / Recruiting Coordinator
Emmanuel McDaniel - Cornerbacks
Mauro Monz - Wide Receivers

Statistics

Team

Scores by quarter

Offense

Rushing

Passing

Receiving

Defense

Special teams

References

Akron
Akron Zips football seasons
Akron Zips football


Walder Alves Souto Amado, known as Ronny (born 7 December 1978) is a Cape Verdean footballer who plays professionally in for CS Fola Esch. He previously played in Cape Verde for SC Praia and in Luxembourg for CS Oberkorn and F91 Dudelange.

International career
He received a call-up against Luxembourg in May 2008 to prepare for the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification, in which he played all 6 qualifying matches. He was named to the Cape Verde squad for the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations.
He retired from international football after his participation at the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations.

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Praia
Cape Verdean men's footballers
Cape Verde men's international footballers
2013 Africa Cup of Nations players
Sporting Clube da Praia players
Santiago South Premier Division players
Cape Verdean National Championships players
CS Oberkorn players
F91 Dudelange players
CS Fola Esch players
Men's association football defenders