was a Japanese actress.

Film career
Tokyo-born Akemi Negishi came to the attention of international audiences when she starred in the US/Japanese co-production Anatahan, her debut film. Josef von Sternberg directed the tale of shipwrecked Japanese soldiers who refused to believe that World War II had ended six years after the bombing of Hiroshima.

Negishi made several films with the acclaimed Japanese film director Akira Kurosawa, including Donzoko (The Lower Depths), Dodesukaden, and Ikimono no kiroku (I Live in Fear). Negishi also had a supporting role in Shurayukihime (Lady Snowblood), which was reportedly one of the main inspirations for Quentin Tarantino's film Kill Bill. Other credits included Tokyo no kyujitsu (Tokyo Holiday), Half Human: The Story of the Abominable Snowman (aka Half Human, with John Carradine), King Kong vs. Godzilla and Kaidan hebi-onna (Snake Woman's Curse). Her last film role was in Barameraba in 2005.

Death
She died from ovarian cancer, aged 73, in Kawasaki, Japan in 2008.

Partial filmography

 Anatahan (1953) - Keiko Kusakabe, the 'Queen Bee'
 Akasen kichi (1953) - Yukiko
 Saraba Rabauru (1954) - Kimu
 Mako osorubeshi (1954)
 Jû jin yuki otoko (1955) - Chika, villager
 Asunaro monogatari (1955) - Yukie
 I Live in Fear (1955) - Asako Kuribayashi
 Shūu (1956) - Hinako
 Ankokugai (1956) - Natsue
 Kon'yaku sanbagarasu (1956)
 Tsuma no kokoro (1956) - Sumiko
 Arashi no naka no otoko (1957) - Okon
 A Rainbow Plays in My Heart (1957) - Atsuko Shimada
 The Lower Depths (1957) - Osen the Prostitute
 Song for a Bride (1958)
 A Holiday in Tokyo (1958) - Ballet Dancer
 Half Human: The Story of the Abominable Snowman (1959) - The Mountain Girl
 Happiness of Us Alone (1961)
 King Kong vs Godzilla (1962) - Chikiro's Mother (Dancing Girl)
 Arashi wo yobu jûhachinin (1963) - Hisako Murata
 Bôsu o tosê (1963)
 Zûzûshii yatsu (1964) - Kiriko
 Zoku zûzûshii yatsu (1964) - Kiriko
 Zoku kôkô san'nensei (1964) - Yasuko Hanai
 Nemuri Kyôshirô: Joyôken (1964) - Seiga the Medium / Kunoichi
 Red Beard (1965) - Okuni, the mistress
 Ore ni tsuite koi! (1965)
 Buraikan jingi (1965) - Tokuko Kumagai
 Kigeki: Kyûkô ressha (1967)
 Ârappoi no ha gômen dazê (1967)
 Kaidan hebi-onna (1968) - Masae Ônuma, Landlord's Wife
 Kemeko no uta (1968) - Fumi
 Maruhi joshidaisei: Ninshin chûzetsu (1969)
 Denki kurage (1970) - Tomi, Yumi's mother
 Onna-tarashi no teiô (1970) - Cecile Hanada
 Shibire Kurage (1970) - Keiko
 Dodes'ka-den (1970) - Good-Looking Housewife
 Asobi (1971) - Boy's mother
 Joshû 701-gô: Sasori (1972) - Otsuka
 Onna ikitemasu: Sakariba wataridori (1972) - Harue
 Sex & Fury (1973) - Ogin Shitateya
 Yasagure anego den: Sôkatsu rinchi (1973) - Osada
 Lady Snowblood (1973) - Tajire no Okiku
 Female Prisoner Scorpion: 701's Grudge Song (1973) - Prison guard Minamimura
 Jyûgun ianfu (1974) - Kura
 Hatsukoi (1975) - Michiko Matsumiya
 Kamome-yo, kirameku umi o mitaka/meguri ai (1975)
 Ai to makoto: Kanketsu-hen (1976)
 The Life of Chikuzan (1977) - Tami
 Kiken na kankei (1978) - Masae Miyakawa
 Orion no satsui yori - Joji no houteishiki (1978) - The mother
 Motto shinayaka ni, motto shitataka ni (1979)
 Kôsatsu (1979) - Hatsuko
 Mo hozue wa tsukanai (1979) - Mariko,s mother
 Hadaka no taisho horo-ki: Yamashita Kiyoshi monogatari (1981)
 Enrai (1981) - Mother of Hirotsugu
 Karuizawa fujin (1982) - Yôko / Keiko's niece
 Chichi to ko (1983) - Yoshie Kudo
 Sasameyuki (1983) - Mrs. Shimozuma
 Location (1984) - Umeko
 Shikibu monogatari (1990) - Fuji
 Rakuyô (1992) - Yamashita's wife

External links

1934 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from cancer in Japan
Deaths from ovarian cancer
Japanese film actresses
People from Minato
Actresses from Tokyo


Hertha BSC's 2006–07 season began on 16 July, with their UEFA Intertoto Cup match against FC Moscow, and ended on 19 May, with their Bundesliga match against Eintracht Frankfurt. They were one of 11 winners of the UEFA Intertoto Cup. In the UEFA Cup, and in the DFB-Ligapokal they were eliminated in the first round. They made it as far as the quarter-finals of the DFB-Pokal, and finished tenth in the Bundesliga.

Players

First-team squad
Squad at end of season

Transfers

Summer

In:

Out:

Winter

In:

Out:

Statistics

Goalscorers

Results

Intertoto Cup

Third round

DFB-Ligapokal

First round

UEFA Cup

Second qualifying round

First round

DFB-Pokal

First round

Second round

Third round

Quarterfinal

Bundesliga

References

Notes

Hertha BSC seasons
Hertha Bsc


Murata is a village (curazia) in the middle of San Marino. It belongs to the municipality of San Marino and is its most populated curazia.

Geography
The village is situated on the hills between the City of San Marino and Fiorentino. It has a quarter named Fonte dell'Ovo, seat of the sport plants of Murata.

Sport
The local football team is the Murata.

See also
San Marino (city)
Cà Berlone
Canepa
Casole
Castellaro
Montalbo
Santa Mustiola

Curazie in San Marino
Geography of the City of San Marino


The Centres Against Sexual Assault (CASAs) are non-profit, government-funded rape crisis centres in Victoria, Australia.  Sexual Assault Services Victoria (SASVic, formerly CASA Forum) is the umbrella body for CASAs.

The first Centre Against Sexual Assault was established at Melbourne's Royal Women's Hospital in the mid-1990s under the leadership of Kate Gilmore. , it was the country's largest network of its sort.

CASAs provide support and intervention to anyone who is a victim/survivor of sexual assault, as well as providing advocacy and education services.

See also
 Feminist movement

References

Sexual abuse advocacy and support groups
Organisations based in Melbourne
Organisations based in Victoria (state)
Rape in Australia


Stewart Bridge is a Howe truss covered bridge built in 1930 near Walden, Oregon, United States, in Lane County.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.  It is  long and crosses Mosby Creek, a tributary of the Row River.

See also
 List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
 List of Oregon covered bridges

References

Bridges completed in 1930
National Register of Historic Places in Lane County, Oregon
Covered bridges in Lane County, Oregon
1930 establishments in Oregon
Covered bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
Wooden bridges in Oregon
Howe truss bridges in the United States


"The Bubble" is the fifteenth episode of the third season of the American television series 30 Rock. It was written by series' creator Tina Fey and directed by Tricia Brock. The episode originally aired on NBC in the United States on March 19, 2009. Jon Hamm and Bobb'e J. Thompson guest star in this episode, and there are cameo appearances by Calvin Klein and Meredith Vieira.

In the episode, Liz Lemon (Fey) discovers that her boyfriend Drew (Hamm) lives in a "bubble" because of his good looks, and has never experienced many of the unpleasant phenomena in life. At the same time, Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) decides to leave the fictitious sketch comedy show The Girlie Show with Tracy Jordan (TGS) because he no longer needs the money, and Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski) decides to cut her hair as a publicity stunt.

"The Bubble" received generally positive reviews. According to the Nielsen ratings system, it was watched by 7 million households during its original broadcast. For their performances in this episode, Hamm and Jack McBrayerthe latter playing Kenneth Parcellreceived Primetime Emmy Award nominations in the categories for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series, respectively.

Plot
The episode begins with Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) noticing that people treat her boyfriend, Drew Baird (Jon Hamm), differently because of his good looks. After watching a traffic cop, (Frank Ridley) rip up a ticket for Drew, and fashion designer Calvin Klein offering him a job as an underwear model, Liz brings the matter up with her boss, Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin), who tells her that Drew is in "the bubble". Jack tells Liz that she should stay with Drew and enjoy the perks of the bubble, but Liz begins to realize that living in the bubble has left Drew without some essential skills. After discovering that Drew cannot perform the Heimlich maneuver, even though he is a doctor, and cannot play tennis, despite the fact that he worked as a tennis coach, Liz decides that she has to leave Drew, and ends their relationship.

Meanwhile, at TGS, it is time to renew Tracy Jordan's (Tracy Morgan) contract, and Jack decides to approach the matter carefully as Tracy does not need the money he makes on the show. While negotiating Tracy's new contract, Jack mentions this fact, which comes as a shock to Tracy, who had never realized that he could survive financially without the income. After realizing that Tracy has quit the show, Jack must find a way to bring him back, after Tracy's son, Tracy Jr. (Bobb'e J. Thompson), complains to Jack about how unbearable his father is to have around the house. Meanwhile, in order to get attention for herself, Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski) decides to cut her hair for charity as a publicity stunt. Jenna makes an appearance on NBC's Today Show, where her haircut will be broadcast. Meredith Vieira asks Jenna's opinion on the news that Tracy has left TGS. At learning this, Jenna bails out on her haircut.

After discovering that Tracy is still in contact with NBC page Kenneth Parcell (Jack McBrayer), Jack realizes that their relationship is the key to bringing Tracy back to TGS. Jack, therefore, orders Kenneth to break off all contact with Tracy, although this fails because of Kenneth's relationship with Tracy. Seeing an opportunity, Jack states that since Kenneth's duties were primarily taking care of Tracy, and Tracy no longer works at NBC, Kenneth is no longer needed. Not wanting Kenneth to lose his job, Tracy agrees to return on the stipulation that Kenneth keeps his job.

Production

"The Bubble" was written by series creator, executive producer and lead actress Tina Fey. The director of this episode was Tricia Brock. This was Fey's sixteenth writing credit, and Brock's first directed episode. "The Bubble" originally aired on NBC in the United States on March 19, 2009.

When actor Jon Hamm hosted the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live (SNL) in October 2008, negotiations took place with the show's producers for him to guest star on 30 Rock. In December 2008, it was confirmed Hamm would appear as a love interest for Fey's character, Liz Lemon. It was also announced by NBC that Hamm would star in a three-episode arc; he made his debut in the February 5, 2009, episode "Generalissimo", and made a second appearance in "St. Valentine's Day". "The Bubble" was the completion of Hamm's three episode arc, though Hamm made appearances on the show's fourth season episodes "Anna Howard Shaw Day" and "Emanuelle Goes to Dinosaur Land".

In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Fey said that when the writing staff is developing a script, "We'll have an actor in mind and we'll keep referring to them. Like for this we said, 'Then Hamm comes in, blah blah blah.'" She believed that there was no possibility of getting Hamm though: "we were lucky with the timing because Mad Men was on hiatus and he was hosting SNL. So I called over there and asked them [whispering], 'Hey, is that guy funny? Tell me the truth.' And they were like, 'Yes, he's really funny.' By Saturday I knew they were right."

All of Liz and Drew's scenes were filmed on January 15, 2009, in the Upper West Side. Fashion designer Calvin Klein, playing himself, made a cameo in this episode. Klein is the father of Marci Klein, an executive producer on 30 Rock. This episode was actor Bobb'e J. Thompson's second appearance as Tracy's son, Tracy Jr., on the show. Thompson first guest starred in the episode "Gavin Volure". "The Bubble" was Today show co-host Meredith Vieira's third guest appearance as herself, having appeared in the episodes "Greenzo" and "Larry King".

Cultural references
After Kenneth buys Tracy's food, Tracy calls Kenneth his Radar O'Reilly, a character from M*A*S*H. He also tells him, "Now get in here and rub my feet until you hear a chopper coming." Drew tells Liz that Prince Eric was based on pictures of him in his younger days, a reference to the animated character from the movie The Little Mermaid (1989). Jenna talks about the Rachel haircut, made famous by actress Jennifer Aniston, as the character Rachel Green on the show Friends. Later, Jenna says she does not want to make the wrong choice with her hair explaining she does not want to end up like actress Keri Russell from Felicity season two.

During an attempt to get Tracey to return to the show by having an employee imitate Bill Cosby, Tracey yells "You’ve got a lot of nerve getting on the phone with me after what you did to my Aunt Paulette!". Show Runner Robert Carlock confirmed this to be a reference to Cosby's sexual assault allegations.

Kenneth tells Jack that when he and Tracy watch the show Lost he always holds Tracy's hand, due to the show's mysterious plots. After learning that Tracy has quit the show, Liz mocks Jack, in a deep voice, saying "Be a manager. Control your people. Buy better clothes." Jack explains his plans to her on how he will get Tracy to return, with Liz once again mocking Jack, this time in a deep raspy voice, "Just get it done. Nope. I lost it. That was Batman", a reference to actor Christian Bale's voice as the superhero in the Batman films.

During the scenes where Liz and Drew are together, the music piece "Theme from A Summer Place" is played.

Reception

According to the Nielsen ratings system, an average of 7 million viewers watched "The Bubble" during its original United States broadcast, placing it in fourth place for its timeslot. The show also claimed a share of 3.2/8 among viewers aged 18 to 49, meaning that 3.2% of all people in that group, and 8% of all people from that group watching television at the time, watched the episode. For their performances in this episode, Jon Hamm and Jack McBrayer received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series, respectively.

The episode received generally positive reviews, although most reviewers found some of the storylines more effective than others. Robert Canning of IGN wrote that "the main portion of this episode was quite funny, even if the ending lacked bite."  Similarly, Margaret Lyons of Entertainment Weekly found that the episode was "another strong showing for 30 Rock ... although Jenna's plotline was pretty tired." TV Squad's Bob Sassone was similarly positive about "The Bubble", calling it "another good episode." James Poniewozik of Time, also responded favorably to the episode with the exception of the Jenna storyline, writing that it "was the first one in a long time that I enjoyed almost completely without reservation (Jenna's subplot was off, but it was barely a blip)." Television columnist Alan Sepinwall for The Star-Ledger disliked the bubble concept, reporting, "[t]he idea that attractive people get away with things that the more average-looking can't is an old joke, even on 30 Rock (with Cerie)", but nonetheless enjoyed the "variations" of the joke saying they were "well-conceived". Sepinwall concluded, "this was one of the funniest 30 Rock's of the season. Zap2it's Rick Porter was also favorable to "The Bubble" in his recap, opining that 30 Rock "gave us a very well-done episode". As with Lyons and Poniewozik, Porter felt Jenna's story "didn't really click", but liked the scene with Jenna and her stylist team firing off words to describe Jenna's beauty as "scathingly funny."

The A.V. Club's Nathan Rabin enjoyed Hamm's role as Drew, reporting that his character "initially seemed too good to be true but the show gradually revealed him to be imperfect and even fucked up enough to be plausible. [...] The Hamm subplot was very funny and well-executed". Sepinwall also praised Hamm, writing, "Finally! It took three episodes ... but Tina Fey (who wrote this one) let Jon Hamm be funny on his way out the door."

Not all reviews were positive. Matt Mitovich of TV Guide wrote, "I must be honest ... This A-story was ridiculous, and not in the hysterical way. When I first read the logline about Drew 'getting by on his good looks,' I thought we'd witness the occasional favoritism. But horrid doctor skills and flailing at the very public sport of tennis, and his obliviousness to it all? Hamm got a turkey of an exit story, sorry."

References

External links

2009 American television episodes
30 Rock (season 3) episodes
Television episodes written by Tina Fey
Publicity stunts in fiction


In re Ferguson, 558 F.3d 1359 (Fed. Cir. 2009) is an early 2009 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, affirming a rejection of business method claims by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). One of the first post-Bilski decisions by a Federal Circuit panel, Ferguson confirms the breadth of the en banc Bilski opinion's rejection of the core holdings in State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group, Inc.

Ferguson was brought as a test case by patent attorney Scott Harris in what proved to be an unsuccessful effort to compel the PTO to accept as patent-eligible subject matter a "paradigm," which is a pattern for a business organization. Harris was also one of the named inventors in the patent application. Harris also unsuccessfully sought to persuade the PTO and Federal Circuit to adopt as a test of patent-eligibility ---- "Does the claimed subject matter require that the product or process has more than a scintilla of interaction with the real world in a specific way?"

Claims

The application presented two types of claims—method and so-called paradigm claims. Claim 1 was representative of the method claims:

A method of marketing a product, comprising:
developing a shared marketing force, said shared marketing force including at least marketing channels, which enable marketing a number of related products;
using said shared marketing force to market a plurality of different products that are made by a plurality of different autonomous producing company, so that different autonomous companies, having different ownerships, respectively produce said related products;
obtaining a share of total profits from each of said plurality of different autonomous producing companies in return for said using; and
obtaining an exclusive right to market each of said plurality of products in return for said using.

Claim 24 was representative of the so-called paradigm claims and read:

A paradigm for marketing software, comprising:
a marketing company that markets software from a plurality of different independent and autonomous software companies, and carries out and pays for operations associated with marketing of software for all of said different independent and autonomous software companies, in return for a contingent share of a total income stream from marketing of the software from all of said software companies, while allowing all of said software companies to retain their autonomy.

Board decision

The Board concluded that the method claims were directed to an "abstract idea, and therefore were not patent-eligible subject matter.  The Board then found that a "paradigm" does not fall within any of section 101's four enumerated categories of statutory subject matter. Then, turning to the paradigm claims' internal reference to "a marketing company," the Board said:

There is nothing in the record of this case that would suggest that "a marketing company" can be considered to be a process, a machine, a manufacture or a composition of matter. In other words, the paradigm claims on appeal are not directed to statutory subject matter under 35 U.S.C. § 101 because they are not directed to subject matter within the four recognized categories of patentable inventions. Therefore, the paradigm claims, claims 24-35, are not patentable under 35 U.S.C. § 101 for at least this reason.

Federal Circuit decision

The method claims fell within the dictionary concept of a 'process," but were excluded from the statutory meaning of that term by the decision in Bilski. That decision holds that the Supreme Court's machine-or-transformation test is the "definitive test to determine whether a process claim is tailored narrowly enough to encompass only a particular application of a fundamental principle rather than to pre-empt the principle itself." Claim 1 does not satisfy either prong of the machine-or-transformation test. "Applicants' method claims are not tied to any particular machine or apparatus. Although Applicants argue that the method claims are tied to the use of a shared marketing force, a marketing force is not a machine or apparatus," because it is not a "mechanical device or combination of mechanical powers and devices to perform some function and produce a certain effect or result.'"

Furthermore, the method does not cause a transformation of an article into a different state or thing:

At best it can be said that Applicants' methods are directed to organizing business or legal relationships in the structuring of a sales force (or marketing company). But as this court stated in Bilski, "[p]urported transformations or manipulations simply of public or private legal obligations or relationships, business risks, or other such abstractions cannot meet the test because they are not physical objects or substances, and they are not representative of physical objects or substances.

Therefore, Ferguson's method does not satisfy the machine-or-transformation test.

Because they preceded Bilski, the Board's opinion and the parties' briefs and arguments extensively discussed the "useful, concrete, and tangible" test. "To avoid confusion," therefore, the court decided to "clarify here that in Bilski, this court considered whether this 'test' is valid and useful and concluded that it is not." The court then turned to attorney Harris's  proposed new test for patent-eligibility — "Does the claimed subject matter require that the product or process has more than a scintilla of interaction with the real world in a specific way?" In the light of Bilski'''s "clear statements that the 'sole,' 'definitive,' 'applicable,' 'governing,' and 'proper' test for a process claim under § 101" was the machine-or-transformation test, the court refused to consider the proposed alternative test. The court then said that it would "reaffirm that the machine-or-transformation test is the singular test for a process claim under § 101" and "we decline to consider Applicants' method claims other than through the lens of the machine-or-transformation test."

The court then turned to the so-called paradigm claims.  The court agreed with the Board that a paradigm falls within none of the four statutory categories and is therefore patent-ineligible. Nonetheless, the applicants argued that "[a] company is a physical thing, and as such analogous to a machine." The court responded that the paradigm was just a business model for organizing a marketing company; it was not a machine because it was not a combination of physical parts. As attorney Harris had conceded during oral argument, "you cannot touch the company." The court therefore ruled: "Indeed, it can be said that [these] paradigm claims are drawn quite literally to the 'paradigmatic "abstract idea."'" Accordingly, they were patent-ineligible.

Judge Newman dissented, arguing that there was still some life in State Street''. Moreover, she challenged the machine-or-transformation test as being the sole remaining test of patent-eligibility.

References

External links

United States patent case law
2009 in United States case law
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit cases


The Muslim Shaikh (Punjabi (Shahmukhi): مسلم شیخ; ) are a community found in the Sindh  province of Pakistan. The Shah Khel community of the  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, has similar roots.

There are a number of traditions as to the origin of the Muslim Shaikhs. Most of these carry its history back to Balmik, as the ancestor of the tribe. Many members of the Hindu Dalit community converted to Christianity during the British Raj. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, many of the Christian accepted Islam and they known as Deendar. Dīn means religion and Dar means follower in Urdu language.

During the 19th century, many Hindus converted to Islam, especially in the western parts of Punjab, and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

They were merchants of the village communities, and used to live in huts at a distance from the village. Their job included collecting taxes from houses. But by the 19th century, most of them had taken to agricultural work.

Language
They speak various dialects of Punjabi and/or Sindhi, depending where they reside.

Present circumstances
A recent report on the conditions of the Shah Khel community came to this conclusion:

"The respondents in this village claim to have settled in this village over 200 years ago. They live in a cluster of 30 houses 300 yards from the main houses of the village. The houses used to number 200 at first. Their people used to earn from agricultural and livestock work. Some went to the city and made some savings. Now the community is divided between the richer ones who do the livestock business and live outside the village in nearby cities, and the others who are permanent residents and do agricultural and domestic work. The wealthier community members who left the village still come back to marry their children within the clan. They get free wood and milk from the landlord on weddings and deaths." It is further found that many Shah Khel were still involved in their traditional occupation of begging.

Shah Khel also suffer from being bonded labourers, as a number of recent studies have shown.

See also
 Deendar
 Halalkhor
 Haral Chuhra

References

Punjabi tribes
Social groups of Pakistan
Surnames
Shaikh clans
Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan


Omar Sebastián Pérez Marcos (born 29 March 1981 in Santiago del Estero) is an Argentine retired footballer who played as a midfielder.

Career
Peréz began his playing career with Boca Juniors in 2000, during his time with the club he was part of several championship winning squads. Between 2000 and 2003 the club won three Copa Libertadores, 2 Copa Intercontinental and an Argentine league championship.

In 2003 Peréz joined Banfield where he played until 2004.

In 2004 Peréz moved to Colombian side Junior where he played until 2007, with a short loan spell with Jaguares of Mexico in 2005. He was part of the championship winning team of Apertura 2004.

Since 2007 he has played for Real Cartagena, Independiente Medellín and Club Santa Fe of Colombia.

Career statistics

Source:
Notes

Honours
Boca Juniors
 Copa Intercontinental (1): 2000
 Copa Libertadores (3): 2000, 2001, 2003
 Primera División Argentina (1): Apertura 2000

Junior
 Colombian Professional Football (1): 2004-II

Santa Fe
 Copa Sudamericana (1) : 2015
 Copa Colombia (1): 2009
 Categoría Primera A (3): 2012-I, 2014-II, 2016–II
 Superliga Colombiana (3): 2013, 2015, 2017.

External links

 Argentine Primera statistics at Fútbol XXI

1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Santiago del Estero
Argentine men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Boca Juniors footballers
Copa Libertadores-winning players
Club Atlético Banfield footballers
Chiapas F.C. footballers
Atlético Junior footballers
Independiente Medellín footballers
Independiente Santa Fe footballers
Patriotas Boyacá footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Argentine Primera División players
Liga MX players
Categoría Primera A players
Copa Sudamericana-winning players
Expatriate men's footballers in Colombia
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Colombia
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Mexico


Spellbound Pictures Ltd., USA LLC is a film and television production and distribution company founded by Mark McClafferty and Pamela Edwards McClafferty in 1996.

Spellbound Pictures completed a $60,000,000.00, 12 picture deal with Ellipse/Canal +, the French Entertainment giant in 1996 to supply the United Artist Theatre Circuit with a steady flow of family friendly films. It was under this deal that Spellbound Pictures along with Ellipse (France) and Isambard (New Zealand) completed The Climb, starring John Hurt, Gregory Smith, and David Strathairn, which won eight international film festival awards and was released February 26, 1999.

References

External links
 Spellbound Pictures Ltd., USA LLC

Film production companies of the United States
Television production companies of the United States


James Thomas Leckie (born 27 November 1975) is a rugby union referee from Sydney, Australia. Originally a teacher and sportsmaster at Trinity Grammar School (Summer Hill), Leckie took up refereeing in 1994  and became a full-time referee in 2007. He was appointed to his first test match in 2006, which was a 2007 Rugby World Cup qualifying match between Hong Kong and Korea. He was appointed to the 2005 IRB Under-19 World Championship final and was introduced on to the 2006 IRB panel of touch judges and TMOs for test matches. James has continued to be include on the IRB panel of assistant referees in subsequent years. He has also refereed the rugby union final at the Commonwealth Games and a final at the Hong Kong Sevens. Leckie is also a regular referee in Super Rugby and in 2009, was named as one of 9 referees from the SANZAR countries, on the merit based panel, who are to take charge of at least 75% of all games. This is so the best 9 referees from Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, take charge of the Southern Hemispheres best players and teams.

James Leckie is now a teacher in Sydney, Australia.

References

1975 births
Living people
Australian rugby union referees
Super Rugby referees
ARU referees
People from Sydney


"Xmas 93" is a Christmas-themed single by English alternative dance band Saint Etienne. It was released in the United Kingdom on 6 December 1993 by Heavenly Recordings. The lead track "I Was Born on Christmas Day" features guest vocals from The Charlatans singer Tim Burgess, and peaked at number 37 on the UK Singles Chart. The song's title is a nod to band member Bob Stanley, who was born on 25 December 1964. The music video for the single was filmed in the vicinity of Kensington and Chelsea Register Office in London.

The main B-side, "My Christmas Prayer", is a cover of the 1959 Billy Fury original. The other two B-sides, "Snowplough" and "Peterloo", are both instrumentals. The B-sides "Snowplough" and "Peterloo" can be found in the So Tough reissue bonus disc, while "My Christmas Prayer" and "I Was Born on Christmas Day" on the Tiger Bay reissue bonus disc.

Critical reception
Tim Sendra from AllMusic described "I Was Born on Christmas Day" as a duet between Sarah Cracknell and Tim Burgess "set to a house beat." He added, "The melody is very sweet and the vocals blend together nicely, Burgess displaying a healthy (and unusual) dose of restraint." In his weekly UK chart commentary, James Masterton stated, "It wouldn't be Christmas without at least one seasonal record in the charts. Saint Etienne have spent the entire year missing out on the success they so richly deserve." Everett True from Melody Maker named it Single of the Week. Martin Aston from Music Week gave it four out of five and named it Pick of the Week in the category of Alternative, calling it a "seasonally-challenged" duet and "a catchy, if lightweight, slice of pop, with daytime radio appeal and press potential galore." Danny Frost from NME said "this is a bit of a swizz", noting "a breathier than ever" Burgess. Another editor, Jim Wirth, noted the "join-the-dots ABBA-isms" of the song. Leesa Daniels from Smash Hits wrote, "This starts off like a disco classic in the making. But then the weedy girl vocals of Sarah Cracknell come in followed by the weedy boy vocals of Tim Burgess from the Charlatans. And the whole disco classic is out the window." She concluded, "It's dead catchy and instantly singable".

Music video
A music video was produced to promote the song. It was later made available on YouTube in May 2012. In 2020, Sarah Cracknell talked about making the video, saying "We had such a laugh making the video for ‘I Was Born On Christmas Day’ and Tim was a real star. We shot the whole thing in sequence on a Sunday which ended up in a massive party. I'm sure I accidentally broke the hearts of many Charlatans fans who thought the wedding was real."

Track listings
All tracks produced by Saint Etienne.

Charts

References

1993 singles
Heavenly Recordings singles
Saint Etienne (band) songs
Songs written by Bob Stanley (musician)
Songs written by Pete Wiggs


Fiorina is a curacy (it: curazia) located in San Marino. It belongs to the municipality (castello) of Domagnano and it is its most populated parish (curazia).

Geography
The village is situated in the north of Domagnano, close to the municipality of Serravalle.

See also
Domagnano
Cà Giannino
Piandivello
Spaccio Giannoni
Torraccia

Curazie in San Marino
Domagnano


Events and publications
 Publishers Comic Media, Fiction House, Star Publications, and Youthful go out of business.

February
 February 3: A controversial cartoon by Leslie Illingworth in Punch shows a visibly old and tired Winston Churchill behind his desk. It instantly causes outrage and scandal.
 February 13: Leo Baxendale's The Bash Street Kids makes its debut in The Beano, but is still named When the Bell Rings in this period. It will receive its definitive title on 11 November 1956.
 February 27: The first issue of the British comics magazine Jack and Jill is published. It will run until 29 June 1985.
 Hopalong Cassidy, with issue #86, revived by DC Comics, taking over the numbering of the Fawcett Comics series.
 The first issue of the American comics magazine Panic is published.

March
 March 1: The Billy DeBeck Awards are renamed the Reuben Awards.
 March 4: Jijé's Jerry Spring makes its debut.
 March 20: Marten Toonder's Koning Hollewijn makes its debut. It will run until 26 June 1971.
 March 20: First issue of the British comics magazine Swift is published. It will run until 2 March 1963.
 Atlas Comics publishes Lorna, the Jungle Girl #6 (renamed from Lorna, the Jungle Queen)
The secret of Atlantis, by Carl Barks, on Uncle Scrooge.

April
 April 14: Raymond Macherot's Chlorophylle makes its debut.
 April 19: German-American psychiatrist Fredric Wertham publishes his treatise Seduction of the Innocent. The book warns that comic books are a negative form of popular literature and a serious cause of juvenile delinquency. A minor bestseller, it alarms parents, teachers and moral guardians and galvanized them to campaign for comics censorship.
 April 21–22: United States Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency hearings on the comic book industry.
In Italy, Avventure nel West, by Edizioni Audace (Bonelli), series reprinting Italian Western comics, makes its debut.

May
 May 1: The 11th issue of Mad Magazine is published, featuring Basil Wolverton's iconic parody of the Beautiful Girl of the Month on the cover.
May 16: In Italy, the first issues of Albi della rosa (reprints of Disney comics, aimed to the youngest readers) and Albi del falco (adventures of Superman, renamed Nembo Kid, and later also of the other DC heroes) are published by Mondadori. The second magazine, lasted till 1970, makes  superheroes comics popular in Italy, even if the original stories are often heavily manipulated or censored.
In Gilbert, relative genius by Bill Wright, Gilbert, the savant Goofy’s nephew, makes his debut.

June
 June 1: In Charles M. Schulz' Peanuts Linus Van Pelt is first seen with his security blanket.
 June 4: Further meeting of United States Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency
 June 24: In the Johan story Le Lutin du Bois aux Roches, prepublished in Spirou the character Pirlouit (Peewit) makes his debut. The series will eventually change its name to Johan and Peewit.
 Tralla La, a Scrooge McDuck story by Carl Barks, published in Uncle Scrooge #6.
 The first issue of the Belgian children's magazine Bimbo is published. It will run until February 1956.

July
 July 30: In Charles M. Schulz' Peanuts Pig-Pen makes his debut.

August
 August 8: The final episode of Jungle Jim is published.

September
 September 4: The last issue of the Dutch comics magazine Grabbelton is published, a supplement of De Katholieke Illustratie.
 September 11: The first issue of the British comics magazine Tiger is published. It will last until 30 March 1985.
 September 11: Frank S. Pepper and Joe Colquhoun's Roy of the Rovers makes its debut in Fleetway's Tiger
September 30: The first stories of Daisy Duck’s diary by Dick Moores are published. In the following years, the series will be prosecuted by several American and Italian authors.
 Formation of the Comics Magazine Association of America (CMAA) and the Comics Code Authority (CCA)
 Atlas Comics publishes Crime Fighters Always Win #11 (renamed from Timely's Crimefighters)
 The first issue of the Croatian children's magazine Modra lasta is published.
 Carl Barks publishes his Uncle Scrooge story The Seven Cities of Cibola.

October
 October 3:  Il Grande Blek by Giovanni Sinchetto, Dario Guzzon and Pietro Sartoris, also known as trio EsseGesse, makes its debut.
 October 16: The first issue of the British comics magazine Playhour is published. It will run until 15 August 1987.
 October 18: Mort Walker and Dik Browne's Hi and Lois makes its debut.
 October: Brad Anderson's Marmaduke makes its debut.
 Matt Murphy and Rex Maxon's Turok makes his debut. In 1956 the character will receive his own comic book series.

November
 November 17: Albert Weinberg's Dan Cooper makes its debut.
 November 25: Mitacq's La Patrouille des Castors makes its debut.
 The Haunt of Fear, with issue #28 (November/December cover date), canceled by EC Comics.

December
 December 22: Hergé's Tintin story The Calculus Affair is prepublished in Tintin. Halfway the story the obnoxious neighbour Jolyon Wagg makes his debut, as does the running gag of Cutts the Butcher .
 Kodansha publishes Nakayoshi.
 The Vault of Horror, with issue #40 (December 1954/January 1955 cover date), canceled by EC Comics.
 Chamber of Chills, with issue #26, canceled by Harvey Comics.
The Mysterious Stone Ray by Carl Barks, on Uncle Scrooge.

Specific date unknown
 The first episode of Roland Davies' Roddy the Road Scout is published.
 In the Kapitein Rob story De Speurtocht van de Vrijheid by Pieter J. Kuhn Kapitein Rob marries Paula. Due to negative reception, the character was later made single again.

Births

February

 February 24: Greg LaRocque, American comic book artist (The Flash, Legion of Super-Heroes, Spider-Man).

April
 April 22: David A. Trampier, American illustrator and comics artist (Wormy), (d. 2014).

June
 June 9: George Pérez, American comic book artist (The Avengers, Crisis on Infinite Earths, Teen Titans) and writer, (d. 2022).
 June 28: Benoît Sokal, Belgian comics artist (Inspector Canardo), (d. 2021).

July
 July 4: Ota, Brazilian comics writer, comics artist, cartoonist and publisher (Os Birutas, worked for the Brazilian edition of Mad Magazine), (d. 2021).

September
 September 19: Garry Leach, British comic book artist (Judge Dredd, Tharg's Future Shocks, Dan Dare), (d. 2022).

November
 November 2: Brian Augustyn, American comic book editor and writer (The Flash, Gotham by Gaslight, Imperial Guard), (d. 2022).

Deaths

January
 January 4: Jimmy McMenamy (aka Jimmy Mack), American comics artist (Dotty Dripple, Good Joe, assisted on Dinky Dinkerton, Secret Agent 6 7/8, continued Big Sister), dies at age 41.
 January 7:
 Bruno Angoletta, Italian illustrator and comics artist (Marmittone, Calogero Sorbara, Centerbe Ermete), dies at age 64.
 Albertine Randall, aka Albertine Randall Wheelan, American illustrator and comics artist (The Dumbunnies), dies at age 90.

February
 February 21: Roland Coe, American comics artist (Crosstown Cartoons, His Nibs), dies at age 46.

May
 May 5: Lou Hanlon, American comic artist (G-Man), dies at age 71.

July
 July 16: Attilio Mussino, Italian comics artist and illustrator (Bilbolbul, Gian Saetta, Schizzo, Dorotea and Salomone), dies at age 76.

August
 Specific date unknown: Lou Ferstadt, Ukrainian-American muralist painter, comics artist (Bouncer) and comics studio founder (Ferstadt Studios), dies at age 53.

September
 September 7: Bud Fisher, American comics artist (Mutt and Jeff), dies at age 69.

October
 October 22: George McManus, American comics artist (Bringing Up Father), dies at age 70.

First issues by title

Archie Comics
 Archie Giant Series

Atlas Comics
Arrowhead
Battle Ground
Girl's Life
Jungle Action
Jungle Tales
Marines in Battle
Navy Action
Outlaw Fighters
Outlaw Kid
Police Action
The Ringo Kid Western
Riot
Rugged Action
Spy Thrillers
Western Kid (December)
Western Outlaws
Western Thrillers
Wild

Hulton Press
  Swift

National Comics
 Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen (October)
 Our Fighting Forces (October)

Toby Press
With the Marines on the Battlefronts of the World

Initial appearances by character name

Atlas Comics
 Gorilla-Man (Ken Hale) in Men's Adventures #26 (March)
 Gorilla-Man (Arthur Nagan) in Mystery Tales #21 (September)
 Jann of the Jungle in Jungle Tales #1 (September)
 M-11 in Menace #11 (May)
 Outlaw Kid in The Outlaw Kid #1 (September)
 Ringo Kid in The Ringo Kid Western #1 (August)
 Western Kid in The Western Kid #1 (November)

Dell Comics
 Turok in Four Color Comics #596 (October/November)

Harvey Comics
 Wendy the Good Little Witch in Casper the Friendly Ghost #20 (May)

L. Miller & Son
 Marvelman in Marvelman #25 (3 February)

National Comics
Angle Man in Wonder Woman #70 (November), created by Robert Kanigher and Harry G. Peter – DC Comics
Crimesmith in World's Finest Comics #68 (January),
Halk Kar in Superman #80 (February), created by Otto Binder and Al Plastino – DC Comics
Janu the Jungle Boy in Action Comics #191 (April)
Mirror Man in Detective Comics #213 (November), created by Bill Finger and Sheldon Moldoff – DC Comics
Mysto in Detective Comics #203 (January), created by George Kashdan and Leonard Starr – DC Comics
Space Cabbie in Mystery in Space #21 (August)

Prize Comics
 Fighting American in Fighting American #1 (April/May)

Newspaper strips
 Charlotte Braun in Peanuts (November 30)
 Pig-Pen in Peanuts (July 13)

Italy

 Tarzanetto, parody of Tarzan, by Roberto Terenchi (Edizioni Dardo)
 Geppo the good-hearted devil (December), created by Giulio Chierchini (Bianconi).

References


The Armstrong, Beere and Hime panorama is an almost complete panorama of the city of Toronto taken in 1856–1857 by the firm Armstrong, Beere and Hime. They are the earliest known photographs of the city of Toronto, and create an almost complete record of the city at that time. A fictionalized history of the photographs and their story plays a central role in Michael Redhill's Consolation.

They were created by the firm Armstrong, Beere and Hime under contract from the city of Toronto. In 1857 the British Colonial Office was deciding which city should be made the capital of The Canadas. As part of their bid, the city of Toronto elected to present a set of photographs of the city to the authorities in London.  The city paid Armstrong, Beere and Hime £60 to create four copies of 25 pictures. The panoramic images were taken from the roof of the Rossin House Hotel, at the southeast corner of King and York streets.

Toronto's bid to become the capital failed, and the photographs were lost and forgotten. They were rediscovered on October 9, 1979, when archivist Joan Schwartz located them when looking through records at the Colonial Office Library. Subsequently, a second set of the pictures was found in Ottawa.

A set of modern duplicates, reproduced from copy negatives, was presented to the City of Toronto as a Sesquicentennial (150th anniversary) gift from the British government in 1984. These are housed in the City of Toronto Archives.

The images

There were 25 pictures taken in total. 13 make up the almost complete panorama of the city, others were taken of various prominent buildings.

See also
Edwin Whitefield's 1854 lithograph of Toronto

External links
Toronto Archives - The Earliest Known Photographs of Toronto
City of Toronto Archives : Fonds 1498

History of Toronto
Black-and-white photographs
1857 works
1850s photographs


Allison Therese Abbate (born July 23, 1965) is an American film producer and animator, primarily of animated films.

Biography

Abbate gained experience in animation while working on The Little Mermaid for The Walt Disney Company, before working on The Rescuers Down Under and The Nightmare Before Christmas where she first met Tim Burton.

She first worked with Warner Bros. as a co-producer on the film Space Jam in 1996. She then helped produce The Iron Giant for which she won a BAFTA award. In 2006 she was nominated for a "Motion Picture Producer of the Year" award by the Producers Guild of America for her work on Tim Burton's Corpse Bride.

Abbate shifted to the United Kingdom in 2004 to set up an animation production facility for 3 Mills Studios. In 2009, she worked on Fantastic Mr. Fox. She was also the voice of Rabbit's ex-girlfriend in the film. Abbate later worked on Burton's Frankenweenie, making it her third major project with Burton (alongside Corpse Bride and The Nightmare Before Christmas).

Abbate has been married to Tony Cervone, an animation director, writer and producer, since 2012. She returned to the United States in 2012 to serve as an executive producer on Warner Animation Group's first feature, The Lego Movie, released in 2014.

In 2017 she was appointed as the Executive Vice President of Warner Animation Group and oversaw films like Lego Ninjago, Scoob!, Smallfoot, Teen Titans Go! To the Movies, Lego Movie 2, Tom and Jerry, Space Jam: A New Legacy and DC League of Super-Pets. She decided to step down in August 2022 after the merger of WarnerMedia and Discovery, Inc.

Filmography
 Out of This World (1988) (production associate)
 The Rescuers Down Under (1990) (assistant production manager: layout/retakes)
 The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) (artistic coordinator)
 Runaway Brain (1995) (associate producer)
 Space Jam (1996) (animation co-producer)
 The Iron Giant (1999) (producer)
 Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003) (animation producer)
 Corpse Bride (2005) (producer)
 Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009) (producer)
 Frankenweenie (2012) (producer)
 The Lego Movie (2014) (executive producer)
 Smallfoot (2018) (executive producer)
 Scoob! (2020) (producer)
 Tom & Jerry (2021) (executive producer)
 Space Jam: A New Legacy (2021) (executive producer)
 DC League of Super-Pets (2022) (executive producer)

References

External links

BAFTA winners (people)
American animated film producers
American expatriates in England
Living people
1965 births
American women film producers
American film producers
People from Brooklyn
21st-century American women artists
Warner Bros. Discovery people
Warner Bros. people
Warner Bros. Animation people


David Moody was born in 19 November, 1970. He is an English horror writer. He first came to public attention with his book Autumn, published freely on-line in 2001. Autumn was made into a motion picture starring David Carradine and Dexter Fletcher which was released in 2009. Film rights to Moody's Hater trilogy were picked up in 2008 by Universal Pictures, with Mark Johnson and Guillermo del Toro to produce and Juan Antonio Bayona to direct.

Bibliography

Autumn
Autumn (2001 - republished 2010)
Autumn: The City (2003 - republished 2011)
Autumn: Purification (2004 - republished 2011)
Autumn: The Human Condition (2005 - republished 2013)
Autumn: Disintegration (2011)
Autumn: Aftermath (2012)
Autumn: Dawn (2021 - book one of the London trilogy)
Autumn: Inferno (2022 - book two of the London trilogy)
Autumn: Exodus (2023 - book three of the London trilogy)

Hater
Hater (2006)
Dog Blood (2010)
Them or Us (2011)
One of Us Will Be Dead by Morning (2017)
All Roads End Here (2019)
Chokehold (2019)

Other works
Straight to You (1996 - republished 2014)
Trust (2005 - republished 2012)
Joe & Me (2012)
The Cost of Living (2014)
Isolation (2014)
Last of the Living (2014)
Strangers (2014)
The Front: Red Devils (2017)
The Last Big Thing (2019)

References

External links

Official Autumn website - http://www.lastoftheliving.net/
Story behind Autumn - Online Essay by David Moody

1970 births
Living people
English horror writers
People from Dudley
English male novelists


Alice Salomon (19 April 1872 – 30 August 1948) was a German social reformer and pioneer of social work as an academic discipline.  Her role was so important to German social work that the Deutsche Bundespost (German post office) issued a commemorative postage stamp about her in 1989. A university, a park and a square in Berlin are all named after her.

Life and career
Alice Salomon was the third of eight children, and the second daughter, of Albert and Anna Salomon.  Like many girls from affluent families in this period, she was denied further education, despite her ambition to become a teacher.  This ended in 1893 when she was 21, and she recorded in her autobiography that this was "when her life began".

In 1900 she joined the Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine ("Federation of German Women's Associations" – BDF hereinafter).  In due course she was elected deputy chairperson, and kept this role until 1920.  (The Chairperson was Gertrud Bäumer).  The organisation supported destitute, abandoned, or single mothers and aimed to prevent their children being neglected.

From 1902 to 1906 she studied economics at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin, though she had no relevant qualification.  Her publications were sufficient for university entrance.  She earned her doctorate in 1908 with a dissertation entitled Die Ursachen der ungleichen Entlohnung von Männer- und Frauenarbeit (loosely, "Causes of Pay Inequality Between Men and Women").  Also in this year she founded a Soziale Frauenschule ("Social Women's School") in Berlin, which was renamed "Alice Salomon School" in 1932 and is now called Alice-Salomon-Fachhochschule für Sozialarbeit und Sozialpädagogik Berlin ("Alice Salomon College of Further Education for Social Work and Social Sciences of Berlin").

In 1909 she became secretary of the Internationalen Frauenbund (International Council of Women).  She converted from Judaism to the Lutheran Church in 1914.  In 1917 she was made chairperson of the Konferenz sozialer Frauenschulen Deutschlands ("Conference of German Women's Social Schools") that she herself had founded; by 1919 sixteen schools belonged to it.

In 1920 she resigned from the BDF from fear of antisemitic propaganda.  Five years later, she founded the Deutsche Akademie für soziale und pädagogische Frauenarbeit ("German Academy for Women's Social and Educational Work") which was directed by Hilde Lion.  Speakers at this institution included Albert Einstein, Carl Gustav Jung, Helene Weber and others of similar eminence.

In the late 1920s and early 1930s, this organisation published thirteen monographs on the social and economic conditions faced by the poor in Germany.  For Alice Salomon's 60th birthday, she received an honorary doctorate from Berlin University and the Silver State Medal from the Prussian State Ministry.

Treatment by the Nazis

In 1933 when they acceded to power, the Nazi party stripped her of all her offices and six years later, when she was 65, she faced interrogation by the Gestapo.  The Nazis objected to Salomon's Jewish origins, her Christian humanist ideas, her pacifism and international reputation.  She was expelled from Germany, where she had been running a relief committee for Jewish emigrants.

She went to New York, her German citizenship and her two doctorates having been taken from her.  In 1944 she became an American citizen.  A year later, she was honorary President of the International Women's Federation and the International Association of Schools of Social Work.

She died in New York on 30 August 1948.

Tribute
On 19 April 2018, Google Doodle commemorated her 146th birthday.

Selected publications
Character is Destiny: the autobiography of Alice Salomon, edited by Andrew Lees, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2004,
Charakter ist Schicksal, Lebenserinnerungen, herausgegeben von Rüdiger Baron und Rolf Landwehr, Weinheim und Basel: Beltz Verlag, 1983  (Auszug in: Lixl-Purcell (Hg)
Erinnerungen deutsch-jüdischer Frauen 1900 – 1990 Reclam, Lpz. 1992 u.ö.  S. 120 – 125)

Selected bibliography
Translator's note: These are in German.
Elga Kern, Führende Frauen Europas, Sammelbuch, München 1927
 Muthesius, Hans, hrsg, Alice Salomon, die Begründerin des sozialen Frauenberufs in Deutschland, ihr Leben und ihr Werk. [von Dora Peyser et al.], Köln, C. Heymann 1958
 Margarete Hecker: Sozialpädagogische Forschung: Der Beitrag der Deutschen Akademie für soziale und pädagogische Forschung. In: Soziale Arbeit. 1984/Nr. 2, S. 106–121
 Joachim Wieler: Er-Innerung eines zerstörten Lebensabends – Alice Salomon während der NS-Zeit (1933–37) und im Exil (1937–48). Lingbach, Darmstadt 1987,
 Manfred Berger (Pädagoge): Alice Salomon. Pionierin der sozialen Arbeit und der Frauenbewegung. Brandes & Apsel, Frankfurt am Main 1998.
 Carola Kuhlmann: Alice Salomon. Ihr Lebenswerk als Beitrag zur Entwicklung der Theorie und Praxis sozialer Arbeit. Deutscher Studienverlag, Weinheim 2000,
 Gudrun Deuter: Darstellung und Analyse der Vortragszyklen an der Deutschen Akademie für soziale und pädagogische Frauenarbeit in den Jahren 1925–1932. Bonn 2001 (unveröffentl. Diplomarbeit)
 Norbert Rühle: Jeanette Schwerin. Ihr Leben, ihr Werk und ihre Bedeutung für die Soziale Arbeit heute, München 2001 (unveröffentlichte Diplomarbeit)
 Anja Schüler: Frauenbewegung und soziale Reform. Jane Addams und Alice Salomon im transatlantischen Dialog, 1889–1933. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2004,
 Manfred Berger: Frauen in sozialer Verantwortung: Alice Salomon. In: Unsere Jugend. 2008/Nr. 10, S. 430–433
 Deborah Sharon Abeles (DESSA): The Art of Remembrance: Alice Salomon. Die Kunst des Gedenkens: Alice Salomon. Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag Leipzig 2018, ISBN 978-3-95565-293-7

ReferencesTranslator's note: These are in German.''

Sources
This article was abridged and translated from :de:Alice Salomon in the German Wikipedia on 28 March 2009.

External links

1872 births
1948 deaths
20th-century German women writers
20th-century German writers
Converts to Lutheranism from Judaism
German anti-fascists
German Lutherans
Writers from Berlin
People from the Province of Brandenburg
German social reformers
German social workers
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States


"Join Our Club" is a song by English musical group Saint Etienne, released by Heavenly Records in May 1992 as a double-A side with "People Get Real".

Saint Etienne wrote the song after Heavenly Records refused to release "People Get Real" as a single. The band deliberately tried to write the most commercial song they could, and it ultimately reached number 21 in the UK Top 40. The lyric alludes to a number of other songs, some recent hits at the time it was written (e.g. "Smells Like Teen Spirit", “Justified and Ancient,” “We Got a Love Thang”), others older favourites of the group (including Stevie Wonder's "Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing" - coincidentally, a hit cover version for Incognito the following month - and The Lovin' Spoonful's "Do You Believe in Magic", which like "Join Our Club" itself is a celebration of the pleasure of listening to music, and whose title is used as a recurring hook).

In the UK, it was a between-album single, released between Foxbase Alpha and So Tough. "Join Our Club" appeared on the US version of So Tough (the announcer’s intro mention the “Chicken Soup Mix” with a chuckle), while "People Get Real" appeared on the US release of Foxbase Alpha. Both later were included on You Need a Mess of Help to Stand Alone, a b-side collection in the UK.

In 2001, "Join Our Club" was remixed for its inclusion on Smash The System: Singles and More as the original sounded too 'muddy'. This version also appears on the 2005 version of the same album and London Conversations.

Critical reception
Tim Sendra from AllMusic described the original mix of "Join Our Club" as "a soaring, joyous disco track that is musically and lyrically wide open." He also said that the Chemically Friendly Zoom Mix "tethers the exuberance to a rock-hard beat and throws in some sped-up heavy metal guitar riffs, salacious talk-overs from Sarah Cracknell, and some chopped-up diva vocals." Jim Arundel from Melody Maker felt the song "is a damn sight swingier than their previous compositions." NME ranked "Join Our Club" number 45 in their list of "Singles of the Year" in December 1992. Mark Frith from Smash Hits gave it five out of five and named it Best New Single, commenting, "Hang on a sec. Check outside the window. Is it summer yet? If it is, grab your swimming cossie, crack open the Lucozade, organise a beach party, get some peanuts in, crack open another Lucozade, jig about a bit and listen to this 14 times. Cool, lush and a thing of great beauty. Readers, love these people."

Track listing

Charts

References

Saint Etienne (band) songs
1992 singles
Songs written by Bob Stanley (musician)
Songs written by Pete Wiggs
1991 songs
Heavenly Recordings singles


Fliggo was a video sharing website where users could create their own private video sharing site. Users could choose who had access to their videos and what they could do on their site. The site eventually merged with video sharing website Vidly, which was later renamed Twitvid.io.

The website was founded in October 2007 by Chrys Bader and Daniel Rhodes and became incorporated in July 2008. Fliggo publicly launched on February 25, 2009 and was relatively well received. Tech Crunch gave an overall positive view of the website but commented that the website had the potential to become "a magnet for videos taken down for copyright violations elsewhere or porn". In September 17, 2009 the site announced that it would merge with Vidly, another video website they run, in November of that same year.

References

External links
 Fliggo

Video hosting


The Compromise of Nobles (; ) was a covenant of members of the nobility in the Habsburg Netherlands who came together to submit a petition to the Regent Margaret of Parma on 5 April 1566, with the objective of obtaining a moderation of the placards against heresy in the Netherlands. This petition played a crucial role in the events leading up to the Dutch Revolt and the Eighty Years' War.

Background
The ruler of the Habsburg Netherlands, a conglomerate of duchies and counties and lesser fiefs, was Philip II of Spain. He had appointed his half-sister Margaret of Parma as his Regent. She ruled with the assistance of a Council of State which included a number of the high nobility of the country, like the Prince of Orange, Egmont, Horne, Aerschot, and Noircarmes. From time to time (whenever she needed money) she convened the States-General of the Netherlands in which the several estates of the provinces were represented, such as the lesser nobility and the cities, but most of the time the States-General was not in session and the Regent ruled alone, together with her Council.

Like his father Charles V, Philip was very much opposed to the Protestant teachings of Martin Luther, John Calvin, and the Anabaptists, which had gained many adherents in the Netherlands by the early 1560s. To suppress Protestantism he had promulgated extraordinary ordinances, called placards, that outlawed them and made them capital offenses. Because of their severity, these placards caused growing opposition among the population, both Catholic and Protestant. The opposition, even among Catholics, was generated because the placards were seen as breaches of the constitutional privileges of the local authorities and the civil liberties of the people, like the Jus de non evocando, as enshrined in the "Joyous Entry", the constitution of the Duchy of Brabant, to mention a prominent example. For that reason local authorities regularly protested against the placards and the way they were implemented in 1564 and later years. That these protests were systematically ignored and the placards stringently enforced only helped intensify the opposition.

Compromise
This unrest motivated the Brussels government to send Lamoral, Count of Egmont, to Spain to plead for relaxation of the ordinances. Philip replied negatively in his Letters from the Segovia Woods of October 1565. That led to a gathering of some members of the lesser nobility at the house of Floris, Count of Culemborg, in December 1565. There, they drew up a petition containing a protest against the enforcement of the placards. It was probably drafted by Philips of Marnix, Lord of Saint-Aldegonde, and it was initially signed by Henry, Count of Bréderode, Louis of Nassau and Count Charles of Mansfeld.

The draft was widely circulated and gathered a large number of signatures. The magnates of the nobility at first kept aloof (though Orange must have been in the know through his brother Louis). On 24 January 1566, however, Orange addressed a letter to the Regent, as a member of the Council, in which he offered his unsolicited opinion that moderation of the placards would be desirable, given the toleration now practiced in neighboring lands, like France. He also pointed to the social unrest caused by the famine that scourged the country in that year and remarked that the placards were bound to cause trouble in this context. For good measure, he threatened to resign if something along these lines was not done.

The leaders of the association that supported the draft petition met in Breda at the house of  Antoine II de Lalaing, Count of Hoogstraten (another member of the Council of State) to work out a way that was acceptable to the government to present the petition. Finally, on 5 April 1566, a long procession of 300 signers of the petition walked through Brussels to the Regent's court. There Brederode read the petition aloud to the Regent, who became very agitated. Afterward, when the Regent met with the Council of State, Orange tried to calm her, and another member, Charles de Berlaymont, allegedly remarked: "N'ayez pas peur Madame, ce ne sont que des gueux" (fear not madam, they are nothing but beggars).

In the petition, the nobles, who presented themselves as loyal subjects of the king, asked him to suspend the Inquisition and the enforcement of the placards against heresy. They also urged the convening of the States-General so that "better legislation" could be devised to address the matter.

On the advice of the moderates in the Council, like Orange, the Regent replied to the petitioners that she would forward it to the king and that she would support its requests. Brederode handed over a supplementary petition on 8 April, in which the petitioners promised to keep the peace while the petition was being sent to Spain, a journey that could take weeks. He assumed that meanwhile, the requested suspension of enforcement would be in effect. That evening the petitioners held a banquet at which they toasted the king and themselves as "beggars". Henceforth the Geuzen would be the name of their party.

Aftermath

The king took a long time to react to the petition, and when he finally did, he rejected its requests. Meanwhile, a large number of Protestants had returned from exile, and other Protestants now dared come out into the open. Large numbers of Protestants, especially Calvinists, started holding prayer meetings outside the walls of many cities. These open-air sermons by Calvinist preachers, though initially peaceful, caused much anxiety for the local and central authorities. In August 1566, in the depressed industrial area around Steenvoorde a rash of attacks on Catholic church property started, in which religious statuary was destroyed by irate Calvinists, for whom those statues contravened the Second Commandment against graven images. Soon this Beeldenstorm or Iconoclastic Fury engulfed the entire country. Though the central authorities eventually suppressed this insurrection, it led to severe repression by the Duke of Alba that would precipitate the Dutch Revolt and Eighty Years' War.

Notes

Sources
 (1992) The Political Thought of the Dutch Revolt 1555-1590 Cambridge U.P.,  paperback.
 (1911) William the Silent, Prince of Orange (1533-1584) and the Revolt of the Netherlands, pp. 161ff.
 G. Bonnevie-Noel, Liste critique des signataires du Compromis des Nobles, Société d'Histoire du Protestantisme Belge, Série V, Livraison 3, Bruxelles, 1968.
 Charles-Albert de Behault, Le Compromis des nobles et le Conseil des troubles, Bulletin de l'Association de la Noblesse du Royaume de Belgique, avril 2023, n° 314, pp.11-56

External links
 Text of the Petition (Dutch)
 Translation of the Petition (English)

1566 in the Habsburg Netherlands
Eighty Years' War
Political compromises in Europe
it:Compromesso di Breda


Lerotholi Letsie (1836–1905)  was the paramount chief of Basotho (modern Lesotho) from November 20, 1891 to August 19, 1905.

Leadership of Basotho
Lerotholi became leader after his father's death in 1891. In 1898, he fought and defeated his uncle somewhere near Thaba Bosiu. He remained leader until his death in 1905. His son Letsie II then became leader of the Basotho.

References

1836 births
1905 deaths
House of Moshesh
Basutoland people
People of the Basuto Gun War


Sister Mary Prema Pierick, MC (born 13 May 1953), is a German-born  religious sister and the former Superior General of the Missionaries of Charity of Calcutta, India, the religious institute founded by the Saint Mother Teresa of Calcutta. She is of German origin.

Biography
Pierick was born Mechthild Pierick in a farming community in Reken, Germany. In 1980, after reading the biography of the foundress, Something Beautiful for God by Malcolm Muggeridge, she went to meet Mother Teresa in Berlin. She felt called to join her work and moved to India to join the Missionaries.

Pierick eventually became the Regional Superior of the institute for the Sisters in Europe. She returned to India to supervise the tertianship program of the institute, the last stage of training before the perpetual vows. She succeeded Sister Nirmala Joshi as Superior General on 24 March 2009, heading an organisation which had over 5,000 members worldwide at that time.

References

External links
New head of Mother Teresa order to follow her footsteps, AFP
German-born nun to head Mother Teresa's order, AP

1953 births
Living people
People from Borken (district)
German emigrants to India
Indian people of German descent
Naturalised citizens of India
People who lost German citizenship
Superiors general
20th-century German Roman Catholic nuns
21st-century Indian Roman Catholic nuns


Chris Shaw, also known as Chris Teepee (a name which originated during his 'Teachers Practice'), is an English musician from Upton on the Wirral. Shaw is a drummer, synthesizer player and guitarist who has played with various Wirral and Liverpool bands during the late 1970s and early 1980s.

His first role as a musician was as founder member of synthpop group Dalek I Love You, formed in 1977 alongside Alan Gill, David Balfe (later with Big In Japan and Teardrop Explodes) and Dave Hughes (later with OMD and Thomas Lang). Shaw played the synthesizer, and became the bands rhythm unit coordinator (drum machines) and 'Tape Man.' He left the band in late 1978, leaving by the time the band signed to Phonogram.

After leaving Dalek I Love You, Shaw formed Some Detergents with schoolfriend Chris Russell and Brendan Coyle, releasing the single "Moderne Problem (TV Times)" on Clean Records. The 7" contained the B-sides "Colors" and "Wake Up". The band were championed by local DJ's John Peel and Janice Long, who interviewed the band on her Sunday night Radio Merseyside show "Street Life," making the single her record of the week.

The band gigged in and around Liverpool - most frequently at the infamous Eric's Club - and also appeared on North West Tonight.

In 1983, Shaw and Russell formed a new band, Sense Of Vision, with former Games keyboardist Colin Hughes, and released the double A-side single "Dream" / "Destiny" on 24 January 1984. The single was reviewed by Peter Trollope in his "In The Groove" column in the Liverpool Echo. Trollope wrote, "[...] Of the two tracks Destiny has probably the more commercial hook to it. This single shows they [...] are going to be one to watch out for." Sense Of Vision self-released a number of cassette singles throughout 1984 and 1985, but disbanded shortly afterwards.

Chris Shaw lives in Ireland. He made experimental music in the early 2000s.

References

External links
Robinparmar.com
[ Allmusic: Dalek I Love You]

English electronic musicians
English drummers
British male drummers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Musicians from Liverpool


Settle Junction railway station was located near the town of Settle, North Yorkshire, England, immediately to south of the junction between the Midland Railway's North Western and Settle-Carlisle branches,  northwest of .

History
It was opened five months after the main line to  to serve as an "exchange station" with the older route to Morecambe (as stated in an 1872 report submitted to the Settle and Carlisle Construction Committee of the MR by General Manager James Allport and Chief Engineer John Crossley). However, the expected traffic failed to materialise and after just one year of operation, it was closed on 1 November 1877.

Its remote location ( south of Settle and  north of Long Preston) undoubtedly contributed to its early demise, as potential travellers had the choice of three alternative stations (,  or ) that were all more conveniently sited for their respective communities.

Stationmaster
W. Jenkins was installed as the first station master in 1876 but only served one year until 2 November 1877, when the station management was placed under the direct supervision of Long Preston.

The site today

Little trace of the station remains today, although the station house survived in private ownership until well after nationalisation of the railways in 1948, finally succumbing to demolition in the late 1960s. Settle Junction signal box (a Midland Railway timber structure dating from 1913) is still operational and can easily be seen from the adjacent A65, which runs alongside the railway at this point. The box houses a London Midland Region standard frame of 31 levers and controls the busy double junction (which was rebuilt following a derailment in 1979) between the two lines, as well as the block sections toward  to the south, Blea Moor Sidings to the north and  Station Junction to the north west.

The latter is the longest block section on the UK rail network at just over  in length and severely restricts the capacity of the Carnforth line (a typical passenger train is timetabled to take 40 minutes to travel from one end of the section to the other, including station stops). Network Rail has acknowledged the performance issues this can cause in its 2008 Lancashire and Cumbria Route Utilisation Strategy and hopes to install additional signalling along the route at some point in the future to address the problem. The same strategy has recently been adopted to solve similar headway issues on the  section to Blea Moor (additional signals having been commissioned at  to allow a second train to proceed as far as Horton once the preceding train has passed there).

Notes

References

Binns, D. (1982), The Scenic Settle & Carlisle Railway, Wyvern Publications, Skipton.

Bibliography

Flinders, T.G. (1981), On The Settle-Carlisle Route, Ian Allan Ltd, Shepperton, Surrey.

External links

RAILSCOT - Settle Junction Gallery
Another photo of the Settle Junction signal box

Rail junctions in England
Disused railway stations in North Yorkshire
Former Midland Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1876
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1877
Settle, North Yorkshire


IAMWARM (Irrigated Agriculture Modernisation and Water-bodies Restoration and Management) is a 6-year water management project in the arid Indian state of Tamil Nadu that aims to facilitate efficient irrigation practices by local farmers.

In Tamil Nadu, this IAMWARM project successfully implemented as TN-IAMWARM

External links
 Official site
 TN-IAMWARM - IAMWARM Project in Tamil Nadu

Agriculture in Tamil Nadu
Water supply
Irrigation in India


The European Teacher Education Network (ETEN) was founded in 1988 by a group of teacher-educators who found it imperative to promote cooperation and international collaboration in research and development by exchanging students and staff. The overall aim was providing opportunities for professional development, research and publication, and promoting knowledge and understanding of the history, culture, values and traditions of the member countries.

In 2009 ETEN comprises a network of nearly 60 institutions of higher education from 17 countries, mainly European. ETEN seeks and cooperates with partners outside Europe.

ETEN publishes the Journal of the European Teacher Education Network (JETEN) in electronic format and the Proceedings of the annual conference, also in electronic format. The standard working language of ETEN is English.

ETEN works to:
 promote opportunities for exchange and/or visits of individual and/or groups of students as part of their programmes of study (inclusive of teaching experience, practical training, curriculum work and research).
 promote opportunities for exchange and/or visits of staff members in relation to student education, teaching, school development, curriculum development and research.
 promote opportunities within teacher and social educator education programmes and school practice to incorporate comparative and intercultural perspectives on education.
 promote opportunities for cross-national and international collaboration in research and development.
 provide opportunities for professional staff development.
 disseminate the work of ETEN in a wider educational context.

TIG - Thematic Interest Groups
ETEN, like the Internet, is a network without a hierarchy but with a purpose: besides promoting exchange of
students and staff it focuses around Thematic Interest Groups (TIGs). The strength of the network is based on these groups of common interests whose activities depend heavily on the TIG leaders.

 Arts Education
 Democracy
 Early Learners
 Educational Technology
 Internationalisation
 Mathematics Education
 Myths, Fairy Tales and Legends in Education
 Physical Education
 Reflective Practice
 Religion and Cultural Education
 Science Education
 Special Needs
 Technology Teaching & Learning
 Urban Education

Annual Conference
The ETEN annual conference is, in essence, organized around each TIG, whose leader is responsible for accepting papers, organizing presentations, and moderating discussions.

References

Education-related professional associations
Higher education organisations based in Europe


Flippin' Out is an album by Gigolo Aunts released in October 1993 on Fire Records in the UK and April 1994 on RCA/BMG in the US.  It includes the track "Where I Find My Heaven", featured on the soundtrack to 1994 comedy film, Dumb and Dumber, which helped to break the band into the charts. The song "Lemon Peeler" was featured in the 1995 movie Born to be wild. The US and UK versions feature different track listings.  The title track, "Flippin' Out", was originally recorded by the Wizards, a NY/NJ supergroup circa 1988/1989, part of a six song EP that was never released.  In a story attributed to Phil Marino, known for his work photographing the band, the Gigolo Aunts became acquainted with the song through Rob Norris, the producer of their debut album, Everybody Happy.  Norris, a former member of the Bongos and at the time a current member of the Wizards, reportedly sent a tape of the six song EP to the Gigolo Aunts, who recorded "Flippin' Out" as the title track for the album.  The album cover features Chloë Sevigny.

Track listing
UK Version (Fire Records) Catalog Number: FIRECD35 (1993) Format: CD
UK Version (Fire Records) Catalog Number: FIRELP35 (1993) Format: LP

"Cope"  (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley) 3:49
"Where I Find My Heaven"  (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley) 3:23
"Lullaby" (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley) 5:06
"Easy Reader" (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley) 3:55
"Figurine"  (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley) 5:01
"Mrs. Washington" (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley) 4:48
"Bloom"  (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley) 4:01
"Gun" (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley) 4:38
"Pin Cushion" (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley) 4:41
"Flippin' Out" (Vincent Casey) 6:10

US Version (RCA/BMG) Catalog Number: 07863 66392-2 (1994) Format: CD
US Version (RCA/BMG) Catalog Number: RMJ 66392-2 (1994) Format: CD [Promo]

"Cope"  (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley)  3:47
"Lemon Peeler"  (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley)  3:28
"Ride On, Baby, Ride On"  (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley)  5:15
"Bloom"  (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley)  4:00
"Figurine"  (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley)  5:03
"Where I Find My Heaven"  (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley)  3:23
"Lullaby" (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley)  5:07
"Mrs. Washington" (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley)  4:46
"Gun" (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley)  4:38
"Pin Cushion" (Brouwer, Gibbs, Hurley, Hurley)  4:43
"Flippin' Out" (Vincent Casey)  6:10

References

1993 albums
1994 albums
Gigolo Aunts albums
RCA Records albums
Fire Records (UK) albums
Albums produced by Paul Q. Kolderie


Enniscorthy was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons until its abolition on 1 January 1801.

History
In the Patriot Parliament of 1689 summoned by James II, Enniscorthy was represented with two members.

Members of Parliament, 1613–1801
 1613–1615, Sir Edward Fisher and Richard Perkins
 1634–1635, Sir Arthur Loftus and Thomas Newcomen
 1639–1649, William Swanton and Ralph Waddington (unseated and replaced by Sir Thomas Esmond, 1st Baronet, (expelled 1642))
 1661, Timothy Stampe and James Napper (Napper AWOL and replaced in 1662 by George Carleton)

1689–1801

Notes

References

Bibliography

Constituencies of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801)
Enniscorthy
Historic constituencies in County Wexford
1613 establishments in Ireland
1800 disestablishments in Ireland
Constituencies established in 1613
Constituencies disestablished in 1800