South Newington is a village and civil parish on the south bank of the River Swere in the Cotswold Hills in Oxfordshire, England, about  southwest of Banbury. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 285.

Manors
Evidence of a Romano-British settlement has been found near the parish boundary on Iron Down, about  south of the present village.  The present village originated in Anglo-Saxon times. After the Norman Conquest of England, William the Conqueror granted the manor to Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, who was both his step-brother and one of his military commanders. It is recorded amongst Odo's estates in the Domesday Book of 1086.

By 1206 Odo of Bayeux's former manor was let to one William of Paris, after whom the village was sometimes called "Paris Newton". A few years later William granted the estate to Ralph Ivals, after whom the village was called "Newington Jewell". However, by about the same time it was also being called "South Newington" to distinguish it from North Newington about  to the north. From the 13th to the 15th century the manor was held by the Cranford family, after whom the village was sometimes called "Newington Cranford". From the 13th to the 16th century a smaller manor in South Newington was held by the Giffard family.

In the reign of Henry II (1154–89) Hugh de Chacombe, lord of the manor of Chacombe in Northamptonshire founded a priory of Augustinian canons in Chacombe and gave it a yardland in the parish of South Newington. The priory's ownership of the land and a house on it was recorded in 1279. When the priory was suppressed in the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1536 its property at South Newington passed to the Crown. The Crown sold the land to intermediaries or speculators, who sold it on to Magdalen College, Oxford.

Church, chapel and meeting house

Church of England

South Newington's Church of England parish church is one of only 15 in England dedicated to St Peter ad Vincula ("St Peter in Chains"), after the basilica of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome. It was originally a small late Norman church. At the end of the 13th century it was considerably extended and the bell tower was added. Further additions were made in the second half of the 15th century. The tower has a ring of five bells, the oldest of which was cast in 1656.

Around 1330–40 several very fine wall paintings were painted in the north aisle, probably commissioned by Thomas Giffard, lord of the smaller manor in South Newington, and his wife Margaret Mortayne. Over the chancel arch there are fragments of a Doom painting from the same period, but very little of it has survived. In the 15th or 16th century a Passion Cycle was painted in the nave above the arches to the north aisle. Its artistry is not of the same standard as the paintings in the north aisle, but it is of interest and some of its pictures show scenes not seen in passion cycles elsewhere.

St Peter ad Vincula was granted to the Benedictine abbey at Eynsham in the 1160s, and remained one of its possessions until the abbey was suppressed in the dissolution of the monasteries in 1538. In 1565 the advowson was passed to Exeter College, Oxford, which retained it until 1979. St Peter ad Vincula is now part of a single Church of England benefice with the parishes of Bloxham and Milcombe.

Society of Friends
By 1663 South Newington had a small group of Quakers. In 1692 they built a Friends Meeting House, in which they continued to meet until 1825. In 1925 the house was sold to the village, which converted it into the village hall.

Wesleyan Methodist
A Wesleyan congregation existed in the village by 1834. By 1854 the congregation was leasing the disused Friends' Meeting House for its meetings, and from 1857 it was reported to be Primitive Methodist. In 1875, the congregation opened its own Primitive Methodist Chapel. The chapel was closed in about 1939 and is now a private house.

Ship Money
In 1629 King Charles I disbanded Parliament and tried to exercise Personal Rule. Lack of parliamentary support left Charles' treasury short of revenue, so in 1634 Charles revived the feudal tax of Ship Money which the Plantaganet kings had levied in the Middle Ages without recourse to Parliament. Ship Money was meant to be levied only in wartime and only in coastal counties and maritime towns, but in 1634 England was not at war and in 1635 Charles issued a second writ extending the tax to all inland counties.  South Newington was assessed to pay £12 Ship Money, but Francis French, one of South Newington's parish constables, objected to the levy and ignored the writ.

The Sheriff of Oxford issued a warrant requiring that the £12 be paid, but the Calendar of State Papers Domestic records that French and Thomas Roberts, a very vocal opponent of the tax, replied "No money has been or can be gathered in the parish till the sheriff makes known to them a law or statute binding them unto". The sheriff then tried to enforce the tax by seizing £12 worth of livestock from the village. Roberts discouraged any residents of the hundreds of Bloxham and Banbury from buying the animals, and thereby still prevented the sheriff from realising the £12.

In October 1636 Charles I issued a third writ for Ship Money, provoking the more famous resistance of John Hampden, the Member of Parliament for Wendover in Buckinghamshire. Meanwhile, the South Newington case dragged on, and in May 1638 Roberts and another non-payer, Thomas Hall of Bodicote, were arrested and brought before the Privy Council charged with "undutiful speeches against the Board in general and Mr Comptroller in particular". Both men were discharged on condition that they behave themselves as "good subjects and civil men", but Roberts thereafter continued to call the Comptroller an "ugly rogue" with apparent impunity. Charles I's attempt to raise a tax without seeking parliament's approval continued to divide the Kingdom and was one of the factors that led to the outbreak of the English Civil War in January 1642.

Social and economic history

The Domesday Book records that in 1086 the village had two water mills. One ceased to exist in the Middle Ages but the other, north of the village, remained in use until at least the 19th century. The mill house survives but the leat has been diverted. In 1675 there was also a windmill north of the village. It had been removed by 1794, but the field where it stood continues to be called Windmill Furlong.  Most of South Newington's buildings are built of local limestone. Several can be dated to the 17th or 18th century. College Farm, a yeoman's house next to the parish church, is a large, stone-roofed example dated 1659. It is a Grade II* listed building.

In the 18th century the village had four public houses: the Horse and Jockey, the Pole Axe, the Wykeham Arms and the Three Goats. The Three Goats seems to have been relatively short-lived and the Horse and Jockey had also ceased to be a pub by 1832. The Pole Axe was a large inn with stables and survived until 1887. In 1897 its buildings were given to the village as a reading room and hall. Patronage declined and in 1927 it was sold and most of its buildings demolished. The site was given back to the village in 1934 as a playground, in which use it remains today. The Wykeham Arms survived until the early 21st century, when its historic name was removed and it was turned into a restaurant called the Duck on the Pond.

The main road between Banbury and Chipping Norton crosses the River Swere in South Newington. A stone bridge carrying the road over the river was mentioned as early as 1279. Another main road, from Deddington, joins the Banbury – Chipping Norton road  southwest of the village. Both roads were made into turnpikes in 1770. South Newington's current bridge over the Swere includes an 18th-century stone three-arched structure that may have been built by the turnpike company. Both roads ceased to be turnpikes in 1871. In 1922 the Banbury – Chipping Norton road was classified as the A361. The former turnpike from Deddington is now the B4031.

Most of the parish's land was farmed in an open field system until 1795, when it was inclosed by Act of Parliament.  In 1796 the village opened a workhouse but it had ceased to serve as such by 1803. Under the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 South Newington became part of the Banbury Poor Law Union, which sold off the cottages that the village had provided for housing its poor.  A National School was opened by 1818, and in 1837 it moved to new building purpose-built premises. It was reorganised as a junior and infant school in 1929 and as an infant school in 1956. It was closed in 1965 and is now a private house.  South Newington stands on Banbury ironstone. An application to quarry this iron ore southwest of the village was made in 1958, but in order to protect the beauty of the landscape the application was rejected.

References

Sources

External links

South Newington Village Website

Civil parishes in Oxfordshire
Villages in Oxfordshire
Cherwell District


Cla$$war is a six-issue comic book limited series published by Com.x between 2002 and 2004. It was written by Rob Williams with art by Trevor Hairsine and Travel Foreman.

Williams has summed up the story as "a political thriller with superheroes," dealing with a government supersoldier programme and how the leading superhero, The American, deals with the revelation of the truth.

Publication history
The series, written by Rob Williams with art by Trevor Hairsine, was due to be launched in November 2001, but had to be delayed because of the 9/11 attacks. The first three issues were finally published between January and July 2002 and were collected into a trade paperback in 2003. When the publisher came back from a hiatus caused by problems including a serious burglary, Hairsine had already moved on to Marvel and, while Cary Nord was initially pencilled in as his replacement, a job that finally went to Travel Foreman and the last three issue were published between March and June 2004. Len O'Grady provided all the colouring to "maintain colour continuity".  When the publisher returned fully to publishing the series was collected into a hardcover edition.

Although people make the link with The Authority, Williams has said he had not read the series before starting to write Cla$$war and he went on to explain the actual inspiration:

The series was always planned to run for twelve issues, and Williams has expressed an interest in writing the next six-issue story arc but he is concerned that "with the production quality and level of artist that the series has had in its different incarnations - it's really tough to sustain that over another six issues unless you're selling large numbers, and for an indie company like com.x that's tough to achieve."

Reception
The reviews have largely been positive, apart from complaints about scheduling. Michael Deeley reviewed the first issue for Comics Bulletin declared that it was a "this is a solid first issue for what promises to be an exciting and challenging story," with "tight" writing and "great art," the latter reminding him of "Gene Colan, but with a grittier texture." The X-Axis thought it was an "impressive package" and the review at Sequential Tart complimented the "gorgeous" art and drew on the comparisons, saying "where The Authority deals with interdimensional war and interstellar invasion, Cla$$war is much more personal and immediate." Craig Lemon covered issue #2 for Comics Bulletin and concluded "a great title, a real breath of fresh air into a tired genre, one that doesn't rely on the shock value of revealing secret identities, or of constantly changing powers and/or costumes," suggesting some parallels with John Smith's New Statesmen. Lemon returns for the third issue and suggests that "Rob Williams is really beginning to get into this scripting lark, hitting his stride with spot-on dialogue and humorous asides amid the serious plot." Lemon also reviewed the trade collection of the first three issues, concluding that "a cracking script to go with his detailed plot, the right mixture of tension, intrigue plus humour" and that it "shows [Hairsine's] work off to its best effect, the amount of effort he put in is all there on the page...complemented by Len O'Grady's excellent colouring work," although he did point out problems with spelling errors.

When the series recommenced, Lemon picked up the reviews again concluding that the fourth issue is "a bit like Supreme-Power-to-the-MAX, ideal for fans of that book or Rising Stars, or for anyone who demands a little more ... intelligence ... from their superheroes." After the highpoint of the previous issue "#5 really just moves us from the bad guys looking for The American, to the confrontation itself" although "it still works and reads very well." Craig Johnson reviewed the last issue for Comics Bulletin and suggested "you have a book which comes close to out-Authoritying The Authority, out-Ultimating The Ultimates." The X-Axis was less impressed, suggesting that the scheduling made it miss the window where the story's politics were truly relevant: "by this point Cla$$war seems like a strangely contradiction - simultaneously a hamfisted anti-government rant, and a curious relic of a more innocent pre-9/11 era when you actually had to make up silly conspiracy theories to justify broadsiding the US government."

SFX reviewed the complete collection and found itself agreeing and disagreeing with Craig Johnson's introduction to the book: "[s]o Johnson's right, if you don't have V for Vendetta, order it at once. But if you do, Cla$$war should be the next book on your must-buy list." Troy Brownfield at Newsarama felt that "Rob Williams doesn’t flinch when he puts a cold eye to this idea, and it’s his willingness to stare deeply that gives the story its fire" and that "lend some terrific art to the proceedings" before concluding that the volume is "an action-packed super-hero tale with resonance and relevance." Ain't it Cool News was impressed with Hairsine's art, suggesting he "deserves a blowjob while eating ice cream for this work," and they felt that the change of artists was not the problem it could have been, "[s]ure you knew it was a different guy, but he embodied the predecessor so well you just thought it was the original artist trying something new." They were also impressed with the story and the presentation of the hardcover volume, concluding "[o]verall the series is a powerhouse and this new hardcover collection certainly rocks - especially with an incredible amount of extras thrown in," with their main concern being that the series was planned for twelve issues, so the volume is only the first story arc:

Collected editions
The series has been collected into two trade paperbacks. The first was released in 2003 and brought together the three issues that had been published at that point and the second collects the entire six issues:

Cla$$war: Series One: Complete Edition (collects Cla$$war #1-6, 210 pages, March 2009, )

This volume also contains a number of extras: introductions by Andy Diggle and Craig Johnson, a new eight-page prologue by Williams and Hairsine, posters by Ben Oliver (Burner) and Mike McMahon (Enola Gay), as well as Oliver's cover for the unpublished trade paperback collecting Cla$$war #4-6.

Film adaptation
It was announced at the 2009 Long Beach Comic Con that the series has been optioned by Mandeville Films, the production company that made the film Surrogates based on the comic book of the same name. Rick Alexander, David Hoberman and Todd Lieberman will be the co-producers.

Notes

References

2002 comics debuts


Lactation suppression refers to the act of suppressing lactation by medication or other non pharmaceutical means. The breasts may become painful when engorged with milk if breastfeeding is ceased abruptly, or if never started. This may occur if a woman never initiates breastfeeding, or if she is weaning from breastfeeding abruptly. Historically women who did not plan to breastfeed were given diethylstilbestrol and other medications after birth to suppress lactation. However, its use was discontinued, and there are no medications currently approved for lactation suppression in the US and the UK. Dopamine agonists are routinely prescribed to women following a stillbirth in the UK under the NHS.

Reasons
After birth, some women may desire to stop the production of breast milk, for example when the mother decides to bottle feed from birth, or in the case when the infant dies or is surrendered at birth. Additionally, women who are breastfeeding may need to stop breastfeeding abruptly, for instance if she is taking medication contraindicated for breastfeeding or undergoes surgery. The abrupt weaning process may lead to severe engorgement, extremely painful breasts, and possibly mastitis.

Methods

Medication
Dopamine agonists are currently the preferred medication for suppressing lactation, which work by suppressing prolactin production. Cabergoline (Dostinex™) is currently most effective option currently available, as it is available as a single dose (as opposed to bromocriptine which must be taken twice daily for 2 weeks.)  It may be prescribed in the case of breast abscess. Although the preferred method of treatment for breast abscess and mastitis is actually to continue breastfeeding, if the decision is made to stop breastfeeding, then chemical lactation suppression is indicated, particularly for severe cases. Carbergoline is not indicated for treatment of discomfort caused by engorgement.  In the UK dopamine agonists are routinely prescribed following a stillbirth. Pre-eclampsia is a contraindication for prescribing dopamine agonists.

In the past, hormonal therapies such as diethylstilbestrol were routinely used in the postpartum period, but these are no longer recommended due to side effects such as nausea and vomiting, and severe potential side effects such as thromboembolism, cerebral accident, and myocardial infarction. Estrogen containing birth control pills may have the same side effect, but like diethylstilbestrol is inappropriate for use in the postpartum period due to the risk of side effects.

Pseudoephedrine may also suppress lactation, as it is known to cause low supply.

In the US. Spitz et al. in a 100-year review of all available information concluded that there was nothing new or helpful to assist with the mammary involution or milk suppression process or to treat the pain or discomfort of severely engorged breasts.

Other methods

By simply not stimulating the breasts after birth, after a few days the production of milk will decease. If breastfeeding has already been established, the production of milk typically takes longer to decrease and may take several weeks. Women may experience pain and discomfort from engorgement. This discomfort is may be relieved by hand-expressing milk or the use of a pump to reduce engorgement and prevent mastitis. The discomfort can also be treated with analgesics. However, as much as one third of all women will experience severe pain in this process.

Historically, binding the breasts by use of tight-fitting bras or ace bandages was used, but this is now discouraged as this may cause blocked milk ducts and mastitis. Fluid restriction is also not recommended as it is likely ineffective and unnecessary.

Cabbage leaves are a common recommendation to reduce discomfort from engorgement. However, a Cochrane review of three studies on this subject concluded that there was no statistically significant evidence that interventions were associated with a more rapid resolution of symptoms; in these studies women tended to have improvements in pain and other symptoms over time whether or not they received active treatment.

According to the Cochrane review other interventions such as hot/cold packs, Gua-Sha (scraping therapy), acupuncture, and proteolytic enzymes may be promising for the treatment of breast engorgement, but there is insufficient evidence to justify widespread implementation.

See also
 Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis
 Prolactin modulator

References

Breastfeeding


Salt Springs, Nova Scotia could be one of the following communities :

Salt Springs, Antigonish County
Salt Springs, Cumberland County
Salt Springs, Pictou County
Salt Springs Station, Cumberland County

See also
 Salt spring (disambiguation)


Elisha Foote (August 1, 1809 – October 22, 1883) was an American judge, inventor, and mathematician. He served as the eleventh United States Commissioner of Patents from 1868 to 1869 and was responsible for launching an investigation into previous mismanagement of the post. He was married to the scientist and women's rights campaigner Eunice Newton Foote.

Early life
Foote was born in Lee, Massachusetts on August 1, 1809. He was the son of Elisha Foote (died April 8, 1846) and Delia (née Battle) Foote. He was the cousin of US Senator Solomon Foot of Vermont. Foote was educated at the Albany Institute.

Career
Foote studied law with Judge Daniel Cady in Johnstown, New York. Henry Stanton, husband of Judge Cady's daughter Elizabeth, also studied with her father. During his studies, Foote worked as a teacher and surveyor. After being admitted to the bar, he settled in western New York.  On August 12, 1841, he married Eunice Newton of East Bloomfield, New York. She would become a scientist and inventor. They would have two daughters, while living in Seneca Falls, Mary, born July 21, 1842, who later became an artist, feminist and writer and Augusta, born October 24, 1844, who later became a writer.

Foote served as district attorney and then judge of the court of common pleas of Seneca County, New York, before resigning in 1846. After resigning his judgeship, Foote worked in private practice. His specialty was patent law, and he made several valuable inventions. The family moved to Saratoga Springs around 1860. They were living there when in 1865 he was appointed to serve an apprenticeship on the Board of Examiners-in-Chief U. S. Patent Office in Washington, D.C.

On July 25, 1868, Foote was appointed as the eleventh Commissioner of Patents, to fill the remaining term of Thomas Clarke Theaker who was forced to resign. When Foote became commissioner, he began investigating expenditures of the department, noting that the quantities of supplies and the prices paid for them were exorbitant. He filed a complaint with the Secretary of the Interior and an investigation was launched. The findings of the commission which investigated the complaint found that the office had lost over $80,000 over the previous one year period. There was evidence of handshake agreements, though legally a contract was required, as well as incidents of over ordering and under delivery of goods. He also discovered cases in which patents had been granted for money, rather on their merits. It was widely believed that Foote would be retained for a second term, when his post expired in 1869. He did not campaign for retention. Instead, he remained on the Board of Examiners-in-Chief for several years and then returned to private practice of patent law. He and Eunice remained in Washington for several years, but had returned to New York by 1878.

From the late 1870s to early 1880s, Foote was involved with Mary's husband, John B. Henderson in a series of lawsuits against Missouri counties for failure to make good on railway bonds. The Supreme Court of Missouri ruled that the law which allowed counties to collect taxes to pay for railroad bonds was unconstitutional, but the United States Supreme Court disagreed with the lower court. The cases were remanded to the District Court for the Western District of Missouri and the Circuit Court, which confirmed the Supreme Court ruling and ordered the counties to pay Foote. They won judgments in Cape Girardeau County, Lincoln County, Macon County, Marion County, and Pike County, among others. In some cases the judgments were tens of thousands of dollars and media reported that the judgements were worth millions.

Foote was the author of several books and papers on mathematics. In 1870, he became one of the founding members of the National Institute of Applied Sciences. He patented several mechanical inventions, including a skate, a drying machine, and a reaping and binding machine.

Death and legacy
Foote died in St. Louis, Missouri on October 22, 1883. Eunice died five years later, on September 30, 1888, in Lenox, Massachusetts.

Works

References

External links

 U.S. Supreme Court: Silsby v. Foote, 61 U.S. 20 How. 378 378 (1857)

1809 births
1883 deaths
County judges in the United States

People from Lee, Massachusetts
United States Commissioners of Patents
United States Department of Commerce officials
Foote family


Ingold may refer to:

People
 Cecil Terence Ingold (1905–2010), British botanist and mycologist
 Christopher Kelk Ingold (1893–1970), British chemist
 Jon Ingold (born 1981), British author of interactive fiction
 Karl Ingold (?–?), US-American aviator
 Keith Usherwood Ingold (born 1929), British chemist
 Kylie InGold (born 1962), Australian artist
 Mariana Ingold (born 1958), Uruguayan composer
 Rich Ingold (1963–2017), US-American football player
 Tim Ingold (born 1948), British anthropologist
 Werner Ingold (1919–1995), Swiss chemist and entrepreneur
 Jeff Ingold, current president of Doozer Production Company and the former head of comedy at NBC
 Res Ingold (born 1954), Swiss contemporary artist. He is known for his superfiction airline company Ingold Airlines
 Ingold Baardson
 Ingold Haraldrsson
 Ingold II
 Ingold Illready
 Ingold Steinkelsson
 Ingold of Sweden (disambiguation)

Places
 Ingold, North Carolina

Science
 Thorpe–Ingold effect, an effect observed in organic chemistry where increasing the size of two substituents on a tetrahedral center leads to enhanced reactions between parts of the other two substituents


John Taylor ( 1580–1653) was an English artist who has been put forth as the most likely painter of the Chandos portrait of William Shakespeare. No other painting by him is known.

Taylor was probably a child actor with the Children of Paul's in the late 1590s. Though there was certainly a boy actor of that name with the troupe, it cannot be proved that this was the artist. The connection is based on George Vertue's assertion that the artist was also an actor. It is possible that confusion has arisen with the well-known actor Joseph Taylor, who also began his career as a child actor. Vertue also says that Taylor was an "intimate friend" of Shakespeare's.

By the 1620s Taylor was a member of the Painter-Stainers' Company, having at least six apprentices between 1626 and 1648. Taylor became a significant figure within the company, rising to the positions of Renter Warden (1632–33), Upper Warden (1635–36) and Master (1643–44). A portrait of Taylor in his official capacity as Warden is in the collection of the company.

Notes

1651 deaths
17th-century English painters
English male painters
Portraits of William Shakespeare
Year of birth uncertain


The Chelsea Drugstore was a sleek, modern travertine and brushed steel building on the corner of Royal Avenue and King's Road, Chelsea, London. It opened in 1968. Designed by architect Antony Cloughley and designer Colin Golding of GCB Associates, and inspired by Le Drugstore on Boulevard St Germain in Paris that was designed by Slavik   (Wiatscheslav Vassiliev), Chelsea Drugstore was arranged over three floors and on most days remained open for up to 16 hours. Inside customers would find bars, a chemist, newsstands, record stores and other concessions. A popular service was the 'flying squad' delivery option run by the store. Those who used this service would have their purchases delivered by hand by young ladies adorned in purple catsuits arriving on flashy motorcycles. Both pub and retail shops below were open until the late 1980s. The store became a wine bar, and is now a McDonald's.

In popular culture
The store is notably mentioned in The Rolling Stones song "You Can't Always Get What You Want", where Mick Jagger sings of meeting "Mr Jimmy" and in The Kinks song "Did Ya", where Ray Davies sings "Now the Chelsea Drugstore needs a fix, it's in a state of ill repair". Chelsea Drugstore is also the title of a 2012 EP by UK band The Jetsonics  as well as it being a film location in Stanley Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange.

References

Retail buildings in London
Buildings and structures completed in 1968
Chelsea, London
Buildings and structures in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
King's Road, Chelsea, London


Antonio García Navarro (born June 5, 1980) is a Spanish professional racing driver. He has three class wins in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, winning GT1 with Aston Martin Racing in  and with Corvette Racing in  (GT1) and  (GTE-Pro).

Single-seater career
After a childhood in karting, Madrid-born García began racing cars in Formula Renault Campus in 1997. In 1998 he moved to the new Open Fortuna by Nissan series. The series changed its name to World Series by Nissan in 1999 and in 2000, García was the series champion with Campos Motorsport. This success saw García have a part-time opportunity to race in International Formula 3000 in 2001 and make his sports car debut in the FIA GT Championship. In 2002 he returned full-time to World Series by Nissan, was a test driver for Minardi, and finished 12th in FIA GT. In 2003 he moved full-time to the European Touring Car Championship driving a Ravaglia Motorsport BMW to 8th place in points. He improved to 7th place with the same team in 2004. The series became the World Touring Car Championship in 2005 and he finished 9th in points.

In December 2014 it was announced that García would drive for China Racing in the 2014 Punta del Este ePrix in Uruguay, the third round of the 2014–15 Formula E season. He replaced Ho-Pin Tung who participated in the Abu Dhabi Gulf 12-hour race.

Sportscar career

García made his 24 Hours of Le Mans debut in 2006 but did not participate in any racing full-time. He returned to full-time action in 2007 competing in the Le Mans Series in the Team Modena Aston Martin DBR9, finishing 6th in points. García signed on with the Cheever Racing team in the Rolex Sports Car Series in 2008, but the team struggled with their new Coyote/Fabcar and García only finished 21st in points. He also participated in the 24 Hours of Le Mans in the factory Aston Martin Racing DBR9 which won the GT1 class. He drove for Brumos Racing in the 2009 24 Hours of Daytona, winning with teammates David Donohue, Darren Law, and Buddy Rice. He signed on with Corvette Racing to compete in the full season of the American Le Mans Series starting in 2009.

Beginning in 2012, García competed in some Rolex Sports Car Series events with Spirit of Daytona Racing.

García is a good friend of Formula One champion Fernando Alonso from their days together in karting. Alonso attended the 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans as a guest of García.

Racing record

Career summary

* Season still in progress.

Complete International Formula 3000 results
(key)

Complete European Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete World Touring Car Championship results
(key)

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

24 Hours of Daytona results

Complete IMSA SportsCar Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

† Non-points event. * Season still in progress.

Complete Formula E results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Madrid
Spanish racing drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
American Le Mans Series drivers
Rolex Sports Car Series drivers
International Formula 3000 drivers
FIA GT Championship drivers
World Touring Car Championship drivers
24 Hours of Daytona drivers
European Le Mans Series drivers
European Touring Car Championship drivers
FIA World Endurance Championship drivers
WeatherTech SportsCar Championship drivers
24 Hours of Spa drivers
Formula E drivers
Corvette Racing drivers
NIO 333 FE Team drivers
Aston Martin Racing drivers
W Racing Team drivers
Campos Racing drivers
BMW M drivers
Audi Sport drivers
CRS Racing drivers
RSM Marko drivers
Cheever Racing drivers
Durango drivers


Salt Springs  is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, in Cumberland County.

References
Salt Springs on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


John Thomson Mason may refer to:

 John Thomson Mason (1765–1824), American jurist and Attorney General of Maryland in 1806
 John Thomson Mason (1787–1850), American lawyer, United States marshal, Secretary of Michigan Territory from 1830 through 1831
 John Thomson Mason, Jr. (1815–1873), U.S. Representative from Maryland, son of John Thomson Mason (1765–1824)

See also
 John Mason (disambiguation)


Watford Electronics was a British computer electronics company. It was founded in 1972 in a bedroom belonging to brothers Nazir and Raza Jessa, and grew to become one of the best-known suppliers of microcomputers and micro peripherals during the 1980s.

In the 1970s Watford Electronics sold components and kits, through advertising in electronics magazines, and a paper catalogue. They had one shop in Watford, but mostly traded as a mail-order company.

In the early 1980s Watford Electronics expanded into the home computer market. It was particularly active in the BBC Micro scene, producing a variety of peripherals for the computer, as well as a version of the Disc Filing System. They sold their own hardware under the Aries brand. Watford Electronics gradually moved over to supporting the Wintel market in the 1990s.
In the 21st century, the company opened an online store, Savastore, but in 2007 Watford collapsed into administration.
Watford Electronics was then bought out by Globally Limited, and in April that year, the website became known as Saverstore.

Notes

British companies established in 1972
Electronics companies of the United Kingdom
Consumer electronics retailers of the United Kingdom
Electronics companies established in 1972
Electronics companies disestablished in 2007
Mail-order retailers
Computer hardware companies


Route 518, or Highway 518, may refer to:

Canada
Manitoba Provincial Road 518
 Ontario Highway 518

United Kingdom
 A518 road

United States
  Florida State Road 518
  County Road 518 (Pasco County, Florida)
  Louisiana Highway 518
  Maryland Route 518
  Montana Secondary Highway 518
  Nevada State Route 518
  County Route 518 (New Jersey)
  New Mexico State Road 518
  Ohio State Route 518
  Pennsylvania Route 518
  South Carolina Highway 518 (former)
  Farm to Market Road 518, Texas
  Texas State Highway Loop 518
  Virginia State Route 518 (1928)
  Washington State Route 518
Territories
  Puerto Rico Highway 518


Ross Gilmore Marvin (January 28, 1880 – after December 8, 1908; reported as April 10, 1909) was an American explorer who took part in Robert Peary's 1905–1906 and 1908–1909 expeditions to the Arctic. It was initially believed that Marvin drowned during the second expedition, but an Inuit member of the expedition later stated he shot and killed Marvin.

Early years
Marvin was born in Elmira, New York, on January 28, 1880, to Mary J. Marvin and Edward Marvin. He was the youngest of six children, and was five years old when his father died. Marvin was educated in Elmira in the public school system at Beecher School. In 1899, he graduated from the Elmira Free Academy, and in fall of that year he entered Cornell University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1905. Marvin also studied navigation on the training ship St. Mary's of the New York Nautical School, traveling to Europe and northern Africa.

Polar expeditions

First expedition
Marvin took part in the Peary expedition of 1905–1906, shortly after graduating from Cornell. Marvin was very eager to join the expedition, because he felt that it was his life's work. While failing to reach the North Pole, Peary asserted to have traveled father north than anyone. Marvin committed to accompany Peary on his next expedition.

After his return, Marvin became engaged, with plans to marry after his second expedition with Peary. Starting in January 1907, Marvin taught mathematics at Mercersburg Academy in Pennsylvania, and in September 1907 he joined the faculty at Cornell University as an instructor in mathematics and astronomy. He took a leave of absence from this post in order to participate in Peary's 1908–1909 expedition.

Second expedition
Marvin was given the role of chief scientist and keeper of the ship's log. He would record the day-to-day activities of the men, and of the general conditions that the men had to face while headed toward the arctic, which included the weather. Marvin kept a journal of his days on the ice, however the entries began to dwindle as the expedition went on. His last journal entry was on December 8, 1908. On this journey, they were better equipped. They had “seven explorers, 17 picked Eskimos, 133 of the best dogs in Greenland and 19 sledges.” There was a main group and there were smaller groups. The smaller groups would break off from the main group and go ahead to establish camps for the main group. While Peary set out to reach the North Pole, Marvin was left behind as part of a staged support team. His partners were two Inuit men, Kudlookto and a younger cousin. After Peary left Marvin with his two Inuit companions, Peary never saw Marvin alive again.

Death
Marvin was originally believed to have drowned, as Kudlookto reported that Marvin's body was discovered after he fell through thin ice. Peary subsequently sent a telegram to Elmira reporting, "Drowned April 10, 1909 45 mile north of Cape Columbia while returning from 86 degrees 38 minutes North Latitude." However, Kudlookto stated in 1926 that he had shot and killed Marvin, either because Marvin had started acting irrationally, or because Marvin refused to let Kudlookto's cousin rest—sources differ. In 1954, Peary’s daughter stated that she believed Marvin drowned, and discounted Kudlookto's story.

Legacy
Peary's expedition placed a brass tablet on a cairn in memorial to Marvin at Cape Sheridan on Ellesmere Island. The uninhabited Marvin Islands within the Quttinirpaaq National Park are named in his honor. A memorial tablet for Marvin was added to the Sage Chapel at Cornell University during the 1920s; fellow-explorer Richard E. Byrd visited the memorial in 1927.

The SS Ross G. Marvin, an American Liberty ship named in his honor, was built and launched in 1943. John M. Carmody, chair of the ship-naming committee within the United States Maritime Commission, had attended school with Marvin in Elmira. The ship was transferred to Britain under the Lend-Lease program, where it was renamed Samtroy in 1944. It was again renamed in 1947, as Edenbank, was transferred to Chinese ownership in 1960, and reported as scrapped in 1987.

The Peary Polar Expedition Medal, authorized by the United States Congress in 1944, was awarded to six people including Marvin; his family received his medal in 1949. A booklet about Marvin, entitled A Tragedy in the Arctic and written by James Vinton Stowell of the Chemung County Historical Society, was published in 1954.

A large boulder with a plaque commemorating Marvin was dedicated in his home town of Elmira in 1910; it has been located at the intersection of Lake Street and Church Street in Elmira since 1989. Marvin is remembered at the State University of New York Maritime College (formerly the New York Nautical School) in the Bronx, New York City, where a new four-story wing was named after him in 1967, with a commemorative plaque dedicated in May 1968. The 1967 addition is now part of the Marvin Tode Science and Engineering Building.

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

 Ross Marvin's Journal at the Peary–MacMillan Arctic Museum via Wayback Machine
 Photograph of the Edenbank (originally the SS Ross G. Marvin) at benjidog.co.uk
 Photograph of the Zhan Dou 43 (originally the SS Ross G. Marvin) at shipspotting.com

1880 births
1909 deaths
People from Elmira, New York
Cornell University alumni
Cornell University faculty
State University of New York Maritime College alumni
Explorers of the Arctic


Barbara Cason (November 15, 1928 – June 18, 1990) was an American character actress.

Life and career
Cason was born in Memphis, Tennessee, the daughter of Helen Louise (Phebus) and Charles Carroll Cason. She began her career appearing in theatre and on local television in Memphis during the 1950s, where she notably co-founded and ran the Front St. Theatre.

She moved to New York City in 1967, becoming active in theatre there both on and off Broadway through 1973. She most notably starred in the original critically acclaimed production of Noël Coward's Oh, Coward! in 1972–73. She appeared in such cult films as The Honeymoon Killers (1969), Cold Turkey (1971) and Exorcist II: The Heretic (1977) as well as the summer replacement variety television series Comedy Tonight. She was also in the movie House of Dark Shadows (1970) as Mrs. Johnson, when Clarice Blackburn couldn't do the role.

After the early 1970s, Cason's career became centered in Los Angeles, appearing mostly within television up until her death. She is probably best known for her roles as Cloris Phebus on Carter Country (1977–1979) and Ruth Shandling on It's Garry Shandling's Show (1986–1990).

She was married to actor Dennis Patrick from 1970 until her death. She died in Los Angeles, California, aged 61, after a heart attack.

Filmography

External links

1928 births
1990 deaths
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Actresses from Memphis, Tennessee
20th-century American actresses


Calea Ferată din Moldova (abbreviated as CFM) is the sole railway operator in the Republic of Moldova, responsible for passenger and cargo transportation, as well as railway infrastructure maintenance within the country. The total length of the network managed by CFM (as of 2009) is , of which  are  (broad gauge), and  are  (standard gauge). The entire network is single track and is not electrified. It borders the Romanian railway network, with a / break-of-gauge in the west, and the Ukrainian one in the east.

Calea Ferată din Moldova (literally "Railway of Moldova" in Romanian) came into existence in 1991 as the successor to the former MŽD, a subdivision of SŽD, the Railway system of the Soviet Union.

History

In 1844, Governor-General of Novorossiya and Bessarabia Count Mikhail Vorontsov has developed a project of a railway, connecting Odesa and Parcani village by the Dniester. Odesa-Kyiv railway company proposed to connect Odesa and Kyiv with a branch to Parcani via Tiraspol. According to the decree of Nikolay I, the construction was sponsored by government funds.

In 1871 a bridge over the Dniester was constructed. On August 28, 1871, the railway linking Tiraspol with Chișinău was officially opened. This date is recognized as the date of establishment of Moldovan Railways. The line, connecting Bessarabia to the Black Sea and the railway network of Ukraine and Russia became the basis for future development.

On  a Russian diplomat agent, Ivan Alekseevich Zinov'ev and the Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs Gheorghe Costaforu signed a rail junction convention, which was ratified on . On June 1, 1875, the line Chișinău-Cornești-Ungheni was opened (the Chișinău-Cornești railway was built between 1871 and 1873) and connection to Romania was established. The Eiffel Bridge was opened on , just three days before the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878).

In the first months of the war the Tighina-Basarabeasca-Reni-Giurgiulești line was hastily built; it opened in November 1877.
In 1893-1894 the Lipcani-Ocnița-Otaci, Ocnița-Bălți and Bălți-Florești-Rîbnița-Cobasna lines started operation.
During World War I, in 1917, the Bălți-Ungheni section was built, which finally connected the Northern and the Southern lines.

In the early 1920s, as Moldova had united with Romania, the tracks were converted to standard gauge. In the interwar years the Basarabeasca-Cantemir  and Revaca-Căinari lines appeared.

After World War II Moldova became part of the Soviet Union and the rail network reverted to broad gauge. During the Soviet era the Cantemir-Cahul line was built (1971).

In 2004, all property in Transnistria was taken over by the newly formed Transnistrian Railway (PŽD, Pridnyestrovskaja železnaja doroga).

In 2005, the Revaca-Căinari railway was reconstructed (it was destroyed in 1944) to bypass Transnistrian controlled Bender and reconnect the southern lines with the main network. In 2007-2008 the Cahul-Giurgiulești line was constructed.

Modernisation of lines

The first freight train in 25 years travelled on the Basarabeasca-Berezino line from Ukraine in April 2023, the line having been recently renovated by a joint Moldova/Ukrainian team in just over a month. This line reopens an historic connection between Ukraine and Romania and bypasses Transnistria.

An investment of EUR 71 million was agreed in 2023 for the reconstruction of the Balti-Valcinet-Ungheni and Chisinau-Cainari railway sections, part of the funding coming from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the EU, with Moldovan railways putting in EUR 28 million, the aim being to facilitate grain traffic heading to the port of Constanta from Ukraine.

Rolling stock

Most of the rolling stock used by CFM was manufactured in the USSR and other countries of the Soviet bloc. The most widespread type of traction unit is Soviet-built triple section 3TE10M (sometimes only 1 or 2 sections are used). Their use in Moldova was motivated by steep gradients on some portions of the rail network (especially, in the regions with hilly terrains), where additional power was needed to pull heavy freight trains. Other popular types of locomotives are M62 ("Mashka") and 2TE10L. Sometimes, Czech-built shunters ChME3 are used as traction units for local passenger operations.

The only type of DMU operated by CFM is D1, manufactured by Hungarian Ganz-MAVAG. However, in 2012 it underwent complete modernization (as D1M) at the Electroputere VFU factory in Romania, with most of the parts changed, including the installation of a new engine by Volvo. In addition, the refurbished units were equipped with an air conditioning system, wireless internet access points, and disability access ramps. The cost of the work is 2.2 million euros per unit. Overall, 15 units are expected to be rebuilt at the Remar factory. The first unit became the subject of significant controversy, as it was put into service before the renovation process was completed, in particular, the old gearbox was not changed, which resulted in the malfunctioning of the train. As of May 2013, the rebuilt train, with the optimized gearbox, was operating on the Chișinău-Odesa line.

In November 2018, CFM ordered 12 TE33A locomotives from GE Transportation for delivery in 2020. The locomotives were delivered in July 2020.

Political involvement

CFM personnel largely consist of Russian speakers, Russian being the language used in the process of operation. Notably, CFM chief executive Miron Gagauz, who held the post of the Minister of Transportation, was one of the few members of the Government who did not speak the official language of the country. Historically, CFM has had good relations with the Communist Party of Moldova. In 2009, its employees signed a letter in which they condemned the opposition protests that followed the 2009 parliamentary elections. They described the events as "an attempt to bring chaos into the country and to destroy everything positive that was built by the current government", claimed that "the elections were carried out in conformity with the international norms and national law on elections" and "the victory of the communists is a logical result of their eight-year stay in power", expressed "full support to the elected power", and called for "punishing the responsible". Eventually, after the defeat of the PCRM in the national elections, the management of the enterprise was changed.

Rail links to adjacent countries
Between Moldova and Romania there is a break-of-gauge (Romania employing standard gauge). The most important crossing (including gauge changing equipment) is Ungheni-Iași, another two are Cantemir-Falciu and Giurgiulești-Galați.

International passenger trains run to Bucharest, Iași, Kyiv, Odesa and used to operate to Saint Petersburg, and Moscow.

Gallery

See also
Transport in Moldova

References

External links

Railway companies of Moldova


This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 556 of the United States Reports:

External links

2008 in United States case law
2009 in United States case law


Thomson Mason may refer to:
Thomson Mason (1733–1785), Virginia lawyer, jurist, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia
Thomson Mason (1759–1820) (1759–1820), entrepreneur, planter, civil servant, and justice
Thomson Francis Mason (1785–1838), jurist, lawyer, councilman, judge, and the mayor of Alexandria, District of Columbia (now Virginia) between 1827 and 1830

See also
 Thomas Mason (disambiguation)


Route 556, or Highway 556, may refer to:

Canada
Alberta Highway 556
 Ontario Highway 556

United Kingdom
 A556 road

United States

 Texas:


The Master of Religion (MRel) was a three-year graduate theological degree granted conjointly by Wycliffe College in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and the University of Toronto.  As of 2012, Wycliffe College no longer grants admission to the program.

The MRel is commonly used as a preparatory degree for doctoral studies, although it is also considered formative for careers in "teaching, research, Christian journalism, translating, and social service.".  The program allowed for an unusually high number of course electives, allowing for breadth and/or depth. It required the completion of 26 courses and a 25,000 word thesis.

Notable scholars who hold the Master of Religion
Some notable scholars who hold the MRel from Wycliffe College include Terence L. Donaldson, Bruce W. Longenecker, Brian C. Stiller, Mark Husbands, Michael A. G. Haykin, L. Gregory Bloomquist, L. Wayne McCready, and Rebecca Idestrom.

See also
Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada
Toronto School of Theology

References

External links
Master of Religion Overview
MRel Program Worksheet
MRel Thesis Guidelines

Protestant education
Religion
Religious degrees


Laliberte or Laliberté is a surname of French origin, meaning "freedom". Notable people with the surname include:

Connie Laliberte (born 1960), Canadian curler
David Laliberté (born 1986), Canadian ice hockey player
Guy Laliberté (born 1959), founder of Cirque du Soleil
Janet Arnott (née Laliberte; 1956–2019), Canadian curler
John Laliberte (born 1983), American ice hockey player
Patrice Laliberté, Canadian film and television director and screenwriter
Pierre Laliberté, Canadian politician
Rick Laliberte (born 1958), Canadian politician

Surnames


Victor "Vic" Hayes (born July 31, 1941 Surabaya, Dutch East Indies) is a former Senior Research Fellow at the Delft University of Technology. His role in establishing and chairing the IEEE 802.11 Standards Working Group for Wireless Local Area Networks has led to him being referred to by some as the "Father of Wi-Fi".

Hayes is a graduate of the Hogeschool van Amsterdam, where he studied electrical engineering.

Awards and honors
He is the recipient of:
 1998: IEEE Standards Association's Standards Medallion “for the internationalization of the IEEE 802.11 standard”.
 2000: IEEE Leadership Award “for 10 years of leadership and extraordinary dedication as chairman of the IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Working Group”.
 2001: IEEE Computer Society's Hans Karlsson Standards Award.
 2002: Wi-Fi Alliance Leadership Award “in recognition of the outstanding leadership of the Regulatory Committee of the Wi-Fi Alliance”.
 2003: Wi-Fi Alliance Leadership Award “for outstanding leadership as Regulatory Chair and continued support of the Wi-Fi Alliance”.
 2004: Innovation Award in the category communications from The Economist.
 2004: Vosko Trophy for Business and Innovation from Vosko Networking.
 2007: IEEE Charles Proteus Steinmetz Award.
 2012: George R. Stibitz Computer & Communications Pioneer Award
 2013: IT Hall of Fame inductee
 2013: Lovie Lifetime Achievement Award
 2015: Included in the Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame.
 2021: Honorary degree from Simon Fraser University

Publications
 License-exempt: Wi-Fi complement to 3G. W Lemstra, V Hayes - Telematics and Informatics, Volume 26, Issue 3, August 2009, Pages 227-239
 Licence-exempt: the emergence of Wi-Fi. V Hayes, W Lemstra - info, Volume 11, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 57 – 71

Book contributions
 The IEEE 802.11 handbook: a designer's companion; Bob O'Hara, Al Petrick, 2004. Foreword by Vic Hayes.
 The Innovation Journey of Wi-Fi: The Road Toward Global Success; Wolter Lemstra, Vic Hayes, John Groenewegen (eds), 2010.

External links
 http://videolectures.net/vic_hayes/

Notes

1941 births
Living people
Dutch electrical engineers
Radio pioneers
Academic staff of the Delft University of Technology
Dutch people of Indonesian descent
People from Surabaya


Swish is an American indie rock band founded by Lori Martin Gregory in the fall of 1995 in Boston, Massachusetts, and includes guitarist Joe Boyle and Dinosaur Jr. drummer Patrick "Murph" Murphy. Lori founded the project after playing in the Boston music scene for years, including a brief European tour as a fill-in bassist for Helium, between Brian Dunton and Ash Bowie of Polvo.

In the summer of 1996, Don Fleming produced a 7-song Swish EP, "Supermax," which was released on his Instant Mayhem label and distributed by Caroline/Virgin Records in seven countries.  The EP features a track, "Game," which was recorded and engineered by Wally Gagel and includes a cello track by Duke Roth, formerly of Bullet Lavolta.

"Supermax" was well received among indie rock critics.  M. Tye Comer of the CMJ New Music Report described the disc as "emotionally dense tracks (that) trudge along like angels walking barefoot on cobblestone," (Review, "CMJ New Music Report," M. Tye Comer, June 3, 1996) and John Elsasser of Magnet Magazine declared that "Martin has the kind of voice you could listen to for hours," (Review, "Magnet Magazine," John Elsasser, Aug./Sept. 1996).  Following the disc's release Swish toured briefly with Mike Watt (at the time featuring guitarist Nels Cline, now of Wilco), playing shows in Boston, Western Massachusetts and New York.

In 1997, Murph also signed on to drum for Evan Dando and The Lemonheads, for which he brought Lori along who was offered the bassist position by Dando. However, she declined to join.

After several years playing around in the acting and music world in Los Angeles, Lori is actively writing again and is working with original members Murph and Joe, as well as long-time friend and engineer/producer James Buckley.

Swish released three digital singles online via Bandcamp in 2014: Fear, Crickets and Lindstroms and Radar.  They are the first three singles off of their in-process album "False Maria."

Discography

EP's

References
 "Live Life to the Supermax," Kitty Empire, New Musical Express, June 22, 1996
 "A Slow Path to Quick Success," David Wildman, The Boston Sunday Globe, May 1996
 Review, CMJ New Music Report, M. Tye Comer, June 3, 1996
 Review, Magnet Magazine, John Elsasser, Aug./Sept. 1996
 Review, KFJC New Music Review, Thurston Hunger, June 5, 1996, Thurston Hunger review

External links
Trouser Press Entry
Instant Mayhem Page
Swish Home page

Indie rock musical groups from Massachusetts
Musical groups from Boston


August Dietz (October 19, 1869 – September 26, 1963) was a philatelist, editor and publisher, who specialized in the study of mail and postal history of the Confederate States of America.

Early life
Dietz was born in Prussia on October 19, 1869. He moved to Richmond, Virginia, in the United States in 1871, and began his collecting of postage stamps in 1888.

He died September 26, 1963, in Richmond, Virginia.

Philatelic career
Because he was a trained lithographer and typographer, and because he had access to some of the postal sources of the Confederate States of America, he became interested in the postage and philatelic history of the Confederate States.

Today he is regarded as the Father of Confederate Philately.

He established himself in Richmond at 900 West Clay Street, Station A, Richmond, Virginia.

Editor and Publisher
The Dietz publishing chronology:
 1896 – editor of the Virginia Philatelist, a monthly philatelic magazine published in Richmond.
 1901 – formed his own company, Dietz Printing Company
 1924 – commenced writing articles on Confederate philately.
 1924-29 – published The Southern Philatelist
1929-33 – published The New South Philatelist
 1931 – published Dietz Confederate States Catalog and Handbook (expanded and reissued in 1937, 1945, and 1959 – expanded and published in 1986 as Specialized Catalog of the Postage Stamps of the Confederate States of America.)
 1933-36 – published Stamp and Cover Collecting
 1937-39 – published Stamp and Cover Collectors Review
 1929 – published his famous The Postal Service of the Confederate States of America

Writings
Dietz was considered an expert in Confederate philately and wrote widely on the subject. Some of his studies included:
 The engraver of the Five Cents De La Rue
 The South's "Way of Life" - Random Notes for the Student of Confederates
 The Confederate States Post-Office Department, its stamps & stationery

Honors
Dietz received numerous honors including:
 1938 – awarded the Lindenberg Medal by the Berlin Philatelic Club
 1940 – awarded the first Luff Award by the American Philatelic Society for Exceptional Contributions to Philately
 1948 – awarded the honorary title of “General” by Confederate Stamp Alliance
 1955 – awarded the Lichtenstein Medal by the Collectors Club of New York
 1964 - inducted into the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame

The August Dietz Award
The August Dietz Award is named in honor of the Founding Father and first President (1935–1939) of the Confederate Stamp Alliance. It is presented for distinguished research and writing in the field of Confederate philately. From 1962 through 1978 the award was presented for articles printed in the Confederate Philatelist. After 1978, the criteria were modified to include any article or publication in the field of Confederate philately.

See also
 Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States
 Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps, Civil War era
 Philately
 Philatelic literature
 The Stamp Specialist

References
 Philatelic Database – August Dietz
 August A. Dietz, Sr.
 August Dietz Award
 History of the Confederate States Catalog and Handbook

1869 births
1963 deaths
Philatelic literature
American publishers (people)
American philatelists
Businesspeople from Richmond, Virginia
Recipients of the Lindenberg Medal
Emigrants from the German Empire to the United States
American Philatelic Society


Mansfield, is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, in Cumberland County. It is about 10 km long and it mainly consists of wilderness since it is located in a rural setting. It was once an area for pioneer settlements.

References
Mansfield on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Johan Lilius (1724–1803) was a Finnish justice of the Hovrätt in Åbo, at a time when this court was part of the judicial system of Sweden, and a founding member of the Aurora Society.

Lilius was influential in the development and growth of Finnish literature and contributed among other things articles to Finland's first newspaper Åbo Tidningar.

See also
Henrik Gabriel Porthan
Lilius family

Sources

Helsinki University, baccalaureatus matricula

Finnish jurists
1724 births
1803 deaths
Age of Liberty people
19th-century Swedish judges
18th-century Swedish judges


Route 597, or Highway 597, may refer to:

Canada
 Alberta Highway 597
  Ontario Highway 597

United Kingdom
  A597 road

United States


Dongusuchus (meaning Donguz River crocodile in Greek, for the area where the type specimen was found) is an extinct genus of archosaur. Fossils have been found from the Donguz Formation outcropping on the banks of the Donguz River in the Orenburg Oblast of Russia. They are associated with a fossil assemblage called the Eryosuchus Fauna, named after the capitosaurid Eryosuchus, the most common organism found from the assemblage. The locality dates back to the Anisian and early Ladinian stages of the Middle Triassic.

Sennikov (1988) and Gower and Sennikov (2000) suggested that Dongusuchus was a gracile rausuchian with a long, sigmoidally curved neck, unlike the more typical robust short-necked rauisuchians that appear later in the Triassic. More recently, Nesbitt (2009) argued that Dongusuchus most probably represents a non-archosaurian archosauriform. According to Nesbitt (2009), the poorly-defined crista tibiofibularis and the absence of a distinct anteromedial tuber of the proximal portion of the thighbone in Dongusuchus suggest that it is not a member of Archosauria. Although Gower and Sennikov (2000) suggested that the distinct sigmoidal shape of Dongusuchus femur is unique, a similar shape is present in the femora of some phytosaurs. A paratype tibia was also found to be more closely related to Euparkeria and phytosaurs, on the basis of its convex and rounded distal surface. Additionally, the proximal surface of the tibia lacks a trait present in nearly all pseudosuchians, a depression on its lateral condyle. Nesbitt assigned Dongusuchus to Archosauriformes on the basis of the following traits: its femur has a low fourth trochanter, and the distal condyles do not expand markedly beyond the shaft. These traits suggest that Dongusuchus was an archosauriform more derived than Erythrosuchus.

Dongusuchus was also excluded from Archosauria by Niedźwiedzki et al. (2014) and a new large cladistic analysis of archosauromorphs by Ezcurra (2016) found Dongusuchus to be the sister taxon to the Indian Yarasuchus. Both Dongusuchus and Yarasuchus were recovered in a clade with Spondylosoma and Teleocrater by Nesbitt et al. (2017) at the base of Avemetatarsalia, making them bird-line archosaurs.

References

Prehistoric avemetatarsalians
Anisian genera
Middle Triassic reptiles of Europe
Fossil taxa described in 1988
Taxa named by Andrey G. Sennikov


LaVal's disk-winged bat (Thyroptera lavali) is a species of bat in the family Thyropteridae. It is native to Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela and Brazil where it has been found near streams in tropical rainforest. The bat is insectivorous. It is poorly studied but is believed to be rare. The species was named in honor of American zoologist Richard K. LaVal.

References

Thyropteridae
Mammals of Peru
Mammals of Ecuador
Bats of South America
Mammals described in 1993


South Victoria is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, in Cumberland County.

References
South Victoria on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Charley Retzlaff, alias The Duluth Dynamiter (October 28, 1904 – June 4, 1970) was an American heavyweight professional boxer from Duluth, Minnesota, United States.

Personal life
Retzlaff was born in Leonard, North Dakota.

Professional career
Retzlaff made his professional debut with a second-round knockout of Herman Raschke in March 1929.  Retzlaff remained undefeated through his first 23 bouts, losing for the first time by disqualification against Antonio de la Mata in Chicago in November 1930.  Retzlaff would avenge that loss with a first-round knockout in a rematch one month later.  11 more wins followed before Retzlaff suffered his next loss, to 41-23-5 Joe Sekyra in September 1931.  More wins would follow, and Retzlaff carried a record of 38-2-1 into a match with fellow Minnesotan Dick Daniels.  Retzlaff scored three knockdowns and a first-round knockout en route to winning the vacant Minnesota State Heavyweight Title.  This title would be defended in May 1933 and again in September 1935 against Art Lasky.

Of Retzlaff, famed sportswriter Damon Runyon would say "[He is] the best-looking heavyweight prospect that has bobbed up in a long time," and "[Retzlaff is the] best of the new heavyweights. He’s got what it takes. I haven’t seen a fighter in a long time who has impressed me so favorably."  At the end of 1935 Retzlaff was ranked by Ring Magazine among the top ten heavyweight boxers in the world.

In January 1936 Retzlaff lost by first-round knockout to a young prospect named Joe Louis.  In his final defense of the Minnesota heavyweight title Retzlaff could manage only a draw against 17-9 Arne Andersson.

Retzlaff retired afterwards, having compiled a career record of 64-8-3 with 54 wins by knockout. He returned to the family farm near Leonard, ND in 1940.  In 1950 he opened an automobile dealership in Detroit Lakes, MN and died in that town in 1970.  He and his wife are buried in Leonard, ND.  Charley Retzlaff was inducted into the Minnesota Boxing Hall of Fame in 2015.

References

External links
 Charley Retzlaff -vs- Joe Louis

1904 births
1970 deaths
Heavyweight boxers
Boxers from Minnesota
American male boxers


A skeuophoros ( "Βaggage carrier") was a slave or servant who carried baggage in Ancient Greece. Herodotus records that every hoplite was followed on campaign by a servant as a skeuophoros. In Aristophanes' play The Frogs, Xanthias, the slave of Dionysus, acts as his skeuophoros:

References

Military ranks of ancient Greece
Slavery in ancient Greece


Victoria Beach is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, in Annapolis County. It is on the shore of Digby Gut, a narrow channel connecting the Bay of Fundy with the Annapolis Basin.

In 1849, it was the western terminus of Nova Scotia pony express, and a federal plaque in the community commemorates it.

The heritage lighthouse at Battery Point is an eight metre tall wooden structure with octagonal iron lantern and was built in 1901.

The area was labelled as Andromeda on a 1609 map by Marc Lescarbot, but was renamed for Queen Victoria following her silver jubilee in 1862.

See also
 Royal eponyms in Canada

References

Further reading

Communities in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia


Edward Irvin Scott (known also as "Irvin" or "E.I." Scott) was the founder of Scott Paper Company.

He was born on May 13, 1846, in N. Greenfield, New York, the son of Alexander Hamilton Scott and Sophronia Wood Seymour.  He was educated at the District School, Juliet Garner's Select School in West Greenfield and Robb's Boys' Academy at Saratoga Springs, New York. During 1866–67, he studied two terms at Albany State Normal School, and became a school teacher.  On September 1, 1867, he joined his brother Thomas Seymour Scott in running a paper commission, which lasted for about 12-years.

On August 22, 1872, he married Sarah Frances "Fannie" Hoyt, the daughter of Rev. Zerah T. Hoyt and Sarah Mariah Foote. They had two children, Arthur Hoyt Scott and Margaret, wife of Owen Moon.

Around 1878, the paper commission failed, and the family lived in Camden, New Jersey,

Irvin and brother Clarence Scott took the remaining proceeds and formed Scott Paper Company. Irvin reportedly borrowed $2,000 from his father-in-law and added the $300 the two brothers had to form the capital stock. Irvin became the first president.

In 1890, the family moved to Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, where he was Chief Burgess 1893–97. A large paper plant was established at Chester, Pennsylvania.  Scott Paper Company was very successful, largely due to advertising, which stressed the safety and quality of paper tissue. Toilet paper had been considered an "unmentionable" product prior to this, and this strategy was instrumental in making Scott Paper Company the leading producer of bathroom tissue in the United States by 1890.

On October 08, 1916, Irvin's wife Fannie died, and he later married Fannie E. (Massey) Anderson, a widow. In 1920, Irvin retired from Scott Paper Company and son Arthur Hoyt Scott became the second president. His son-in-law Owen Moon was briefly the third president, after Arthur died in 1927. Irvin died on April 24, 1931, and was interred at Eastlawn Cemetery in Philadelphia.

External links

1846 births
1931 deaths
People from Greenfield, New York


Lyman Raymond Lamb (March 17, 1895 – October 5, 1955) was an American professional baseball outfielder and third baseman. While playing in the minor leagues in 1924, he hit 100 doubles to set the organized baseball single-season record.

Baseball career
Lamb was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, in 1895. He was  tall and weighed 150 lb. Lamb started his professional baseball career in 1915 with the Fairbury Shaners and played for the Joplin Miners of the Western League from 1917 to 1920.

In September 1920, Lamb made his Major League Baseball debut with the American League's St. Louis Browns. He played nine MLB games that season and had a batting average of .375. In 1921, he played in 45 games for the Browns and batted .254. The American Association's Louisville Colonels purchased Lamb's contract in January 1922, and he never played in the majors again.

Lamb spent most of the 1922 to 1925 seasons with the Western League's Tulsa Oilers. In 1922, he led the league with 68 doubles and helped the Oilers win the pennant. In 1923, he hit 71 doubles to lead the league again. In 1924, Lamb played 168 games, batted .373, and led the league with 261 hits and 100 doubles. The 100 doubles were an organized baseball single-season record.

From 1926 to 1928, Lamb played for the Wichita Falls Spudders of the Texas League. He then bounced around different minor league teams before retiring in 1931.

During his professional baseball career, Lamb played 2,007 games and had 7,703 at bats, 2,349 hits, 593 doubles, 77 triples, and 123 home runs. He was mostly a third baseman in the majors and mostly an outfielder in the minors.

Lamb died in Fayetteville, Arkansas, in 1955.

References

External links

1895 births
1955 deaths
Major League Baseball third basemen
St. Louis Browns players
Minor league baseball managers
Joplin Miners players
Tulsa Oilers (baseball) players
Wichita Falls Spudders players
Beaumont Exporters players
Baseball players from Nebraska
Sportspeople from Lincoln, Nebraska
Fairbury Shaners players


El Estadio de Los Inmigrantes (The Immigrants Stadium) gained its name from its proximity to the port zone of Avellaneda to which immigrants arrived in search of a better life, many of them originating from Europe but with a large number also coming from places such as the Cape Verde Islands.

The stadium is the home ground of Club Sportivo Dock Sud a club that currently plays in the Primera C Metropolitana of the Argentine Football Association league system.

The current capacity of the stadium is 5,000 and the club has almost completed the construction of a new popularstanding section that will have given the stadium a new capacity of around 7,800.

Address: Avenida Agustin Debenedetti, 2005, Dock Sud, Avellaneda, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

Buses to the stadium: 33 - 54 - 134 -159 - 186

References

https://web.archive.org/web/20090625013129/http://www.ascensoya.com/equipo.php?p_idequipo=56&p_nombre=Primera%20C&p_categoria=3&p_equipo=Dock%20Sud

http://geostadia.blogspot.com/2007/04/love-death-and-adventure-in-buenos_10.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20090415072408/http://www.csdocksud.com.ar/paginas/elClub/estadio.php

"Buenos Aires negra. Identidad y Cultura", Comision para la Preservacion del Patrimonio Historico Cultural de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.

Sport in Avellaneda
Sports venues in Buenos Aires Province


Herpetopoma bellum is a species of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chilodontidae.

Description
The size of the shell varies between 4 mm and 5.5 mm.
The small, solid, thick shell has a globose-conic shape, evenly grained all over. it is blackish or pink varied with darker. It is imperforate when adult, and has a groove at the place of the umbilicus. The short spire is conic. The apical whorl is smooth, the following whorl has three granose lirae, the next with 3 or 4; the penultimate has 7 or 8 equal, grained lirae. The interstices are narrow. The body whorl has ten such lirae. The teleoconch contains 5 convex whorls. The last one is globose, descending at the aperture. The rounded aperture is nacre with steel-blue and dark red reflections. It is lirate inside. The concave columella terminates in a tooth, below which there is a narrow notch, and another tubercle or tooth on the basal lip equal in size to the columellar denticle.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Zealand., Chatham Island and Tasmania.

References

External links

bellum
Gastropods described in 1873


Spamarama (SPAMARAMA) is a long-time annual festival and competitive cookoff held in Austin, Texas, during 1978–2007 and in 2019 and 2022 to celebrate Spam, the branded canned pork product.
The festival includes a Spam cook-off, Spam themed competitive activities, and live music.

Origin
The Spamarama began in 1978 as a joke between David Arnsberger and his friend, Dick Terry, who believed there were too many barbecue and chili cook-offs.  The frequent contests seemed silly to them and they felt that a real challenge would be to make dishes with Spam. “If you could make Spam edible, that would be a feat,” Arnsberger explained.  The two friends considered calling the event a "SPAM-Off", but the name quickly became Spamarama.

Arnsberger was one of the frontmen for the Uranium Savages, the Austin parody band, which had a gig already booked on April Fools' Day at Soap Creek Saloon on Bee Cave Road.  They piggy-backed their festival idea on to the band's gig and 300 spectators and 27 entries later the first Spamarama was a success.   Austinites liked the opportunity to compete in events like the pig-shouting contests, to dress in costume, and come up with creative Spam and pig pun-themed dishes. The event was repeated and soon artist Jim Franklin designed Spamarama T-shirts and posters that have since become collectors’ items.

Hormel lawsuit
Hormel, makers of Spam, sent Jim Franklin a cease-and-desist order for using their brand name.  They also claimed the Spamarama festival was "diluting their product, a legal term for harming". Hormel eventually located David Arnsberger and worked out a contract with him, which gave him the rights to use the Spamarama name.  For the next four years the Spamarama festival continued.  Hormel provided Spam branded items, official T-shirts, ball caps, clocks and other swag that could be used as prizes, although they did not like the name of the Spam Cram contest.

Festival's heyday
Officially called the Pandemonious Potted Pork Festival, SPAMARAMA was held on a weekend close to April Fool's Day at Auditorium Shores or in Waterloo Park and drew thousands of people to "one of the wackiest festivals in America".
The festival was held for several years at the original Soap Creek Saloon, before moving with the saloon to a couple of other locations.  Later it was held at venues such as Scholz Garten, La Zona Rosa, Auditorium Shores, East Sixth Street, the Cedar Door and Waterloo Park (2006, 2007). The event drew  thousands to Auditorium Shores (now Vic Mathias Shores) with Spam cook-offs and the Spamalympics. It peaked in 1998 with more than 14,000 people attending.  That same year Arnsberger published a Spamarama cookbook.

When Arnesberger left Austin, the contract with Hormel went with him.  He attempted to hold Spamarama festivals in Colorado and Dallas, but these met with little success.  Upon returning to Austin in 2005, the festival continued, but by 2007 it was shrinking. Healthy eating was becoming popular and the recession was approaching. Until the 2019 revival, the final festival was held in 2007 at Waterloo Park. The Austin Chronicle reported: “Record-breaking cold couldn’t stop the athletes from impressing the crowds with their canned-meat cramming skills.”

The Smithsonian documented the 2007 Spamarama in film.

Revival 2019
After a 12-year hiatus Spamarama returned to Austin July 6, 2019.  Founder David Arnsberger teamed up with Josh Bumb, co-owner of the south Austin Moontower Saloon to revive the unique festival.
Hundreds came to the Moontower Saloon in South Austin to  honor the canned meat and experience the creativity, athletic competition and live music.

The next year saw the COVID-19 pandemic cause Spamarama to go on hiatus until the 2022 event.

Cook-off
Chef SPAM (John L. Myers) has won more Spamarama awards than any entrant. He was responsible for the creation of the Professional Division, and the coveted "Spamericas Cup".  In addition prizes in both the open and professional divisions were best and worst taste, and showmanship.

Cooking entries have included various flavors of SPAM ice cream, Moo Goo Gai SPAM, GuacaSPAMole, chicken-fried SPAM, SPAMguini, and SPAMalama Ding Dong, a concoction made with the pink colored meat, whipped cream, and chocolate.  Other entries have included NutSpittle (Spam with peanut brittle), Spam ramen, and Spam chili.

Judges of the 2019 competition included  Travis County Commissioner Brigid Shea, columnist Jim Hightower, TV personality Jim Swift and South by Southwest co-creator Nick Barbaro.  Past event judges included
former city council member Max Nofziger, Bob Cole, Joyce and Mel and Mary Vance, John Kelso, Eddie Wilson, David Spooner,
Margaret Moser, Liz Carpenter, Paul Prudhomme, and John Myers.

Spamalympics
Spamalympics are other competitions held in addition to the cook-off competition, that test contestants’ skills eating and handling Spam.
The core Spamalympic events are the Spam Toss and the Spam eating contest.  The latter was called the Spam Cram in the past and took the form of the 'Spamburger eating contest' in 2019. The first person to finish eating the contents of an entire 12-ounce can of Spam wins.
In the 'Spam Toss', two-person teams toss Spam from a 12-ounce can to each other.  The team that throws it the farthest without dropping the Spam wins.

Other events have included the SPAM carving display involving themes based on current events, body parts, or animals such as the SPAMagator, the SPAM calling contest, the SPAM facial, and the Tug of War across a pit filled with SPAM jelly.

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Spamarama (Frommers)
Special Report: Spamarama '98

Festivals in Austin, Texas
Spam (food)


Salvia thymoides is an evergreen perennial shrub native to a small region in Mexico on the border of Oaxaca and Puebla states, growing at elevations from  to . Its native habitat is cloud forest, with the mountains catching regular moisture in the form of fog and rain. The plant was named by the botanist George Bentham in 1833, with the specific epithet, thymoides, referring to the small leaves which resemble those of thyme. It has a limited use in horticulture, introduced in the 1980s.

Salvia thymoides is an upright plant that reaches  tall and wide, with grey-green  leaves that are evergreen and profusely cover the plant. The  flowers are purple-blue, and held in a tiny dark purple calyx, growing on whorls that are held on a short inflorescence that is  long.

Notes

thymoides
Flora of Mexico


Herpetopoma benthicola is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chilodontidae.

Description
The height of the small, conic shell attains 3.5 mm.

Distribution
This species occurs in New Zealand.

References

benthicola
Gastropods described in 1937


Take a Sip is the fourth album released by rapper, Mr. Serv-On. It was released on October 30, 2001 through Lifetime Entertainment and was produced by Court Dog, Smoove and Reem. It was his first album to not make it to any Billboard charts.

Track listing
"Dedication"- :38
"Intro (Get Up Na)"- 5:17
"Gotta Get Dat"- 4:32
"Tak-A-Sip"- 3:04
"Apple Martinee"- 2:54
"Big Fine"- 4:00
"Guns Up"- 3:33
"Bullshitin'"- 2:24
"Here We Go"- 2:00
"Can't Deny It"- 4:24
"I Want Lose (Da War Song)"- 3:37
"Talk If Ya Want"- 2:13
"Work'em"- 3:39
"Push-N-Ya"- 3:37
"Calmdown Na"- 3:12
"Smoke Something"- 2:50
"Woop, Woop"- 3:31
"Fakeboyz, Fakegirlz"- 3:17
"Deez Nuts"- 4:30
"Xtra-Hot"- 1:53
"Shaggiest"- 3:16
"Da Conversation"- 4:18

2001 albums
Mr. Serv-On albums


Herpetopoma larochei is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chilodontidae.

Distribution
This species occurs in New Zealand.

References

larochei
Gastropods described in 1926


Herpetopoma mariae is a species of marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chilodontidae.

Distribution
New Zealand.

Original description
Herpetopoma mariae was originally discovered and described by Harold John Finlay in 1930. Finlay's original text (the type description) reads as follows:

References
This article incorporates public domain text coming from New Zealand from reference.

mariae
Gastropods described in 1930
Taxa named by Harold John Finlay


Dominique Dupuy (born 26 August 1957) is a French racing driver.

Dupuy began racing professionally in 1983 in Championnat de France Formule Renault Turbo finishing 4th. He moved to the French Formula Three Championship the following year and raced there until 1988. After that, he moved to the professional French Porsche 944 Cup series and moved to the French Porsche Carrera Cup in 1991 where he would race until 1999. He won the series championship 5 times ( record ) in 1993,1994,1997,1998 and 1999, with 40 wins (record) and would move onto the Porsche Supercup in 1995, winning 3rd place honors in Supercup in 1997.
He also won two times (1993-1994) 24 Hours of Le Mans in GT class with Porsche. Double program for 1999, he won the French Porsche Carrera cup and finish 5th to the FIA GT World Championship with only 3 participations over 12 races. After that he moved to the French GT Championship he signed on to drive a Chrysler Viper GTS-R, he won the championship two times (2000-2001), he also race with this viper in Spanish championship and he finish vice-champion. Prior to the season beginning Dupuy and his Oreca teammates Olivier Beretta and Karl Wendlinger were the surprise overall winners of the 24 Hours of Daytona in their Viper.

Dupuy and the Oreca team were also the GTS champions of the 24 Hours of Le Mans in both 1999 and 2000. He also won 12H Sebring and Adelaide (2000).
Dupuy and his teammate François Fiat would go on to win the French GT Championship that year and repeated the feat in 2001. He brought the first Saleen S7R in France in 2003 until 2005. He retired from full-time competition in 2005 after and has not driven in French GT since 2007.
He is now technical director of the First Racing team with 2 Lamborghini Gallardo in FFSA GT3.

Racing record

24 Hours of Le Mans results

External links

Profile at Speedsport Magazine

1957 births
Living people
French racing drivers
French Formula Renault 2.0 drivers
French Formula Three Championship drivers
Rolex Sports Car Series drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
FIA GT Championship drivers
24 Hours of Daytona drivers
Porsche Supercup drivers

Oreca drivers
Larbre Compétition drivers
Porsche Carrera Cup France drivers


Hinea is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Planaxidae.

Species
Species in the genus Hinea include:
 Hinea akuana (Rehder, 1980)
 Hinea atra (Pease, 1869)
 Hinea brasiliana (Lamarck, 1822)
 Hinea fasciata (Pease, 1868)
 Hinea inepta (Gould, 1861)
 Hinea lineata (E. M. da Costa, 1778) - dwarf planaxis
 Hinea longispira (E. A. Smith, 1872)
 Hinea nucleola (Mörch, 1876)
 Hinea punctostriata (E. A. Smith, 1872)
 Hinea zonata (A. Adams, 1853)

References

External links

Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Gray, J. E. (1847). A list of the genera of recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. (1847) 15: 129-219.
 Dall, W. H. (1926). New shells from Japan and the Loochoo Islands. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 39: 63-66

Planaxidae
Gastropods of Australia
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropod genera
Taxa named by John Edward Gray


Hinea brasiliana, common name the yellow-coated clusterwink, is a species of small sea snail, a gastropod mollusc in the family Planaxidae. It is native to New Zealand and southeastern Australia where it is found in the littoral zone of rocky shores. It is one of only a few sea snail species able to bioluminesce.

Taxonomy
This species was described by under the name Buccinum brasilianum by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1822 based on the shell from the collection of William Paterson. The specific name brasiliana refer to the Brazil, because Lamarck thought, that it lives in the coast of Brazil. Unfortunately it does not live there. John Edward Gray moved this species to the newly created genus Hinea.

Description
The shell of Hinea brasiliana is thick and heavy and grows to a length of about . It is narrowly conical, either smooth or with shallow grooves between the approximately six spiral whorls. The aperture is small and constricted by a callus and the columella, the central structural axis, is thick. The shell is thin at the edge of the aperture but thickens rapidly away from the edge and this thickened part is marked with weak raised ridges known as lirae. There is a horny operculum which closes the shell when the soft parts are retracted inside. The colour of the shell is white both inside and out. The outer surface is protected at first by a yellowish-brown periostracum which eventually gets worn away.

Distribution and habitat
In Australia, the range of Hinea brasiliana extends from the Burnett River in Queensland southwards to Mount Gambier in South Australia. In New Zealand it is found in the North Island and is also present on Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and the Kermadec Islands. It is found in the mid-literal zone of rocky shores, among boulders and rubble. It prefers high-energy shores but avoids the most exposed locations with high wave action. It is very common in Australia, so much so that the empty shells of dead snails form much of the shell debris washed up on beaches.

Behaviour
When the tide is out, these snails tend to cluster together in moist places, hiding in crevices or under rocks. As soon as the tide comes in, they disperse to graze on microalgae. As in other members of the family Planaxidae, fertilisation is internal, and the embryos are retained in a brood chamber located behind the female's head. They are liberated into the sea and become planktonic at the veliger larval stage.

When disturbed, Hinea brasiliana emits a series of short flashes of bluish-green light. Impact with a fast-moving object brings on a more intense bioluminescent response. The light is produced from the mantle tissue and shines through the pale translucent shell, which acts to diffuse the light so that the whole shell glows. The light may serve to startle or dazzle a potential predator, and is emitted while the soft parts of the snail remain protected by its shell. It has been found that all other wavelengths of light are transmitted through the shell material and it is only the blue-green wavelength that is selectively diffused, effectively amplifying it and making its originator seem larger. The diffusion through the calcified shell is more efficient than through the best comparable commercial diffusers. As well as scaring away a persistent attacker such as a crab, the light might have a further defensive function in attracting a larger creature to prey on the crab, in the "burglar alarm" effect.

References

 Sowerby, G.B. (1st) & Sowerby, J. (ill.) 1823. The genera of Recent and Fossil shells. London : Sowerby pts 14-21.
 Forbes, E. 1852. On the marine mollusca discovered during the voyages of the Herald and Pandora, by Capt. Kellett, R.N. and Lieut. Wood, R.N. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1850(Part 18): 270-274 (Reprinted 1852)
 Adams, A. 1853. Descriptions of several new species of Murex, Rissoina, Planaxis, and Eulima from the Cummingian collection. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1851(19): 267-272
 Oliver, W.R.B. 1915. The Mollusca of the Kermadec Islands. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 47: 509-568
 Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian Shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs.
 Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1-109
 Wilson, B. 1993. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, Western Australia : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 1 408 pp.
 Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. pp 196–219. in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch.

External links

 Ponder W. F. (1988). "Bioluminescence in Hinea braziliana (Lamarck) (Gastropoda, Planaxidae)". Journal of Molluscan Studies 54(3): 361. .

Planaxidae
Bioluminescent molluscs
Gastropods of Australia
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1822


Homalopoma crassicostata is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Colloniidae.

Distribution
This species occurs in New Zealand.

References

Colloniidae
Gastropods described in 1905


Homalopoma fluctuata is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Colloniidae.

Distribution

This species occurs in New Zealand.

References

Colloniidae
Gastropods described in 1883


Homalopoma imperforata is a species of minute sea snail with a calcareous operculum, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Colloniidae.

Distribution
This species occurs in New Zealand.

References

Colloniidae
Gastropods described in 1908


Larry's River is a small Acadian community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipality of the District of Guysborough in Guysborough County. The community is named after one of its settlers, Larry Keating. Settlers arrived from Chezzetcook soon after the expulsion ended in 1763.

Parks
Tor Bay Provincial Park

References
Larry's River on Destination Nova Scotia
The Society of Tor Bay Acadians

Communities in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


The 1911 LSU Tigers football team represented the LSU Tigers of Louisiana State University during the 1911 college football season.

Schedule

References

LSU
LSU Tigers football seasons
LSU Tigers football


The 1910 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University (LSU) as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1910 college football season. John W. Mayhew in his second and final season as head coach, the Tigers compiled an overall record of 1–5 with a mark of 1–3 in SIAA play.

Schedule

Roster

Roster from Fanbase.com

References

LSU
LSU Tigers football seasons
LSU Tigers football


Patrick Markey is an American film and television producer. He has also done production management and second unit directing work. He has worked with filmmakers such as Robert Redford and Sam Raimi. He is currently on the board of directors of the Dactyl Foundation.

Filmography
DeepStar Six (1989)
L.A. Takedown (1989)
The Dark Wind (1991)
A River Runs Through It (1992)
The Joy Luck Club (1993)
The Quick and the Dead (1995)
Bogus (1996; executive producer)
The Associate (1996)
The Horse Whisperer (1998)
The Good Life (2007)

References

External links

Living people
American film producers
American television producers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)


Homalopoma micans is a species of minute deepwater sea snail with a calcareous operculum, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Colloniidae.

Distribution
This species occurs in New Zealand.

References

Colloniidae
Gastropods described in 1931


Homalopoma nana is a species of a minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Colloniidae.

Distribution
This species occurs in New Zealand.

Original description
Homalopoma nana was originally discovered and described as Argalista nana by Harold John Finlay in 1930. Finlay's original text (the type description) reads as follows:

References
This article incorporates public domain text coming from New Zealand from reference.

Colloniidae
Gastropods described in 1930
Taxa named by Harold John Finlay


New England Emmy Awards are a division of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. The division was founded in 1977 and in addition to granting the New England Emmy Awards, it recognizes awards scholarships, honors industry veterans at the Silver Circle Celebration, conducts National Student Television Awards of Excellence, has a free research and a nationwide job bank. The chapter also participates in judging Emmy entries at the regional and national levels.

Boundaries

The academy is divided into the following boundaries and encompasses Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont and the majority of Connecticut excluding Fairfield County. These boundaries are responsible for the submission of television broadcast materials presented for awards considerations.

Board of governors

Each year the membership of the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences New England Chapter elects new professionals on rotating Board of Governors to represent the chapter. While best known for The EMMY Awards and Silver Circle, which recognize outstanding achievements in the industry, NATAS New England also represents an array of other events available to their membership.

References

Regional Emmy Awards
Awards established in 1977
1977 establishments in the United States
Television in Massachusetts


Homalopoma rotella is a species of minute sea snail with a calcareous operculum, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Colloniidae.

Distribution
This species occurs in New Zealand.

References

Colloniidae
Gastropods described in 1937


Cacographis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Cacographis macrops Munroe, 1970
Cacographis osteolalis Lederer, 1863
Cacographis undulalis Schaus, 1913

References

Midilinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Julius Lederer


Percy Henrik Mikael Lilius (b. December 3, 1949 Helsinki) is the former President and Chief Executive Officer of the energy company Fortum. He served as the chairman of the packaging firm Huhtamäki. Lilius is the chairman of Metso Outotec.

References

Finnish businesspeople
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


Cadarena is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae erected by Frederic Moore in 1886. Its only species, Cadarena pudoraria, was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1825. It occurs throughout tropical and subtropical Africa and in India.

The adults of this species have a wingspan of around .

A known larval food plants are of the genera Gossypium and Adenia and the species Sida rhombifolia.

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae
Crambidae genera
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Africa
Moths of Asia
Moths of the Comoros
Moths of Madagascar
Moths of Réunion
Moths of Seychelles
Taxa named by Frederic Moore


Caffrocrambus is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Caffrocrambus albifascia Bassi, 2002
Caffrocrambus albistrigatus Bassi, 2002
Caffrocrambus alcibiades Bleszynski, 1961
Caffrocrambus angulilinea (Warren, 1914)
Caffrocrambus carneades Bassi, 2002
Caffrocrambus chalcimerus (Hampson, 1919)
Caffrocrambus decolorelloides Bleszynski, 1970
Caffrocrambus decolorellus (Walker, 1863)
Caffrocrambus democritus Bassi, 1994
Caffrocrambus dichotomellus (Hampson, 1919)
Caffrocrambus endoxantha (Hampson, 1919)
Caffrocrambus fulvus Bassi, 2002
Caffrocrambus fuscus Bassi, 2002
Caffrocrambus galileii Bassi, 2002
Caffrocrambus heraclitus Bassi, 1994
Caffrocrambus homerus (Bleszynski, 1961)
Caffrocrambus husserli Bassi, 2002
Caffrocrambus jansei Bassi, 2002
Caffrocrambus krooni Bassi, 2002
Caffrocrambus leucippus Bassi, 1994
Caffrocrambus leucofascialis (Janse, 1922)
Caffrocrambus luteus Bassi, 2002
Caffrocrambus machiavellii Bassi, 2002
Caffrocrambus ochreus Bleszynski, 1970
Caffrocrambus parmenides Bassi, 1994
Caffrocrambus polyphemus Bassi, 2002
Caffrocrambus savonarolae Bassi, 2002
Caffrocrambus sordidella (Marion, 1957)
Caffrocrambus szunyoghyi Bassi, 2002
Caffrocrambus undilineatus (Hampson, 1919)

References

  1994: Contributi allo studio delle Crambinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). VIII. Note sul genere Caffocrambus [sic] Bleszynski, con descrizione di nuove specie. – Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Torino 12 (2): 367–379.
 , 2002: Revision of the Afrotropical species of the genus  Caffrocrambus  I: the  angulilinea  and  homerus  species groups with the description of a new genus and new species (Lepidoptera Pyralidae Crambinae). Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 134(2): 129-162.
  1970: New genera and species of tropical Crambinae (Studies on the Crambinae, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Part 48). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 's Gravenhage. 113: 1-26.

Crambinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Stanisław Błeszyński


Calamochrous is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Calamochrous chilonalis Lederer, 1863
Calamochrous brevipalpis Snellen, 1890
Calamochrous carnealis (Swinhoe, 1895)
Calamochrous ferruginalis Hampson, 1896
Calamochrous pallidalis Hampson, 1900
Calamochrous albipunctalis Kenrick, 1907
Calamochrous homochroalis Swinhoe, 1907
Calamochrous purpuralis Hampson, 1908
Calamochrous sarcalis Hampson, 1908
Calamochrous fulvitinctalis Hampson, 1918
Calamochrous minimalis Caradja, 1931

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Julius Lederer


Homalopoma umbilicatum is a species of minute deepwater sea snail with a calcareous operculum, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Colloniidae.

Distribution
This species occurs in New Zealand.

References

 Kantor Yu.I. & Sysoev A.V. (2006) Marine and brackish water Gastropoda of Russia and adjacent countries: an illustrated catalogue. Moscow: KMK Scientific Press. 372 pp. + 140 pls. page(s): 42
 Gulbin V.V. & Chaban E.M. (2012) Annotated list of shell-bearing gastropods of Commander Islands. Part I. The Bulletin of the Russian Far East Malacological Society 15-16: 5–30

Colloniidae
Gastropods described in 1926


Calamoschoena is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Calamoschoena ascriptalis Hampson in Poulton, 1916
Calamoschoena nigripunctalis Hampson, 1919
Calamoschoena sexpunctata (Aurivillius, 1925)
Calamoschoena stictalis Hampson, 1919

References

Schoenobiinae
Crambidae genera