Marguerite Georges (1787–1867) was a French stage actress. She was one of the most famous French actresses of her time. She is also known for her affair with Napoleon, but also claimed to have had an affair with the Duke of Wellington, a claim which is considered probable by some historians. She published under the name Marguerite-Josephine Weimer George.

Biography
Marguerite Georges was born Marguerite-Josephine Weimer in Bayeux, the daughter of a German employed in the theatre orchestra in Amiens. She debuted on stage in 1802 at the age of fifteen at the Théâtre Français in Paris; she was made sociétaire in 1804.  Her affair with Napoleon took place between 1802 and 1804, and was rumoured to be the reason she left France in 1808.

She was active in Saint Petersburg in Russia in 1808–1812, debuting at St. Petersburg, in Phèdre, and alternating nights with the Russian actress Ekaterina Semenova.
She toured Europe in 1812–1813, during which she performed at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm and Dresden. She then returned to France. She was active at the Théatre Français in 1813–1818, at the Odéon Theatre and in 1831–49 at the Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin. Her affair with Wellington is supposed to have taken place in 1814, and would make her one of two women known to have shared the two opponents' beds, the other one being Giuseppina Grassini. Unlike Grassini, she was indiscreet enough in later life to compare their sexual performances, her opinion being that "Monsieur le Duc était de beaucoup le plus fort" ("The Duke was by far the stronger").

In 1814 she had a child, Maria Alexandrovna Parijskaia, fathered by Tsar Alexander I of Russia.

She lived at 25 Rue Madame, but moved to a boarding house at Rue de Helder.
She retired in 1853, and received a pension from Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother. She died in Passy.

References

External links

 http://runeberg.org/nfbi/0520.html
 http://www.xs4all.nl/~androom/biography/p022534.htm

1787 births
1867 deaths
19th-century French actresses
French people of German descent
French stage actresses
Mistresses of Napoleon
People from Bayeux
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française
Mistresses of Alexander I of Russia


Onna is a frazione of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo, region of central Italy. It is situated in the Apennine Mountain Range,  above sea level. The population is about 300 people.

Early history
The area has been inhabited for approximately 1,000 years. It is probable that initially it did not have a defined city structure. During the Roman conquest, the fertility of the area guaranteed food production for Rome.

The earliest record of Onna is in 1178 during the time of Pope Clement III, in Villa Unda. Onna is mentioned again by Pope Innocent III in 1204. Aside from these two records, the early history of the area is a mystery. There existed a "grancia" (a type of agricultural company detached from the convent) run by the Cistercian monks.

Modern history
A girl was killed by the German occupation forces on 2 June 1944. Nine days later, a large-scale massacre occurred in which 16 persons were killed. This act of retaliation was perpetrated by the 114th Jäger Division, led by Hans Boelsen. One-third of the village was also destroyed.

On 6 April 2009, 85% of Onna's territory was destroyed. Other villages were severely damaged as a result of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake. At least 40 people died in Onna.

References

External links
 Photo, earthquake damage

Frazioni of L'Aquila


Norman Dumenil John Straton (4 November 1840 – 5 April 1918) was an Anglican bishop.

Stratton was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1863, and ordained in 1865. His first post was as a curate at Market Drayton from where he became vicar of Kirkby Wharfe then from 1875 vicar and  rural dean of Wakefield. From 1888 to 1892 he was Archdeacon of Huddersfield. In 1892 he became the Bishop of Sodor and Man and 15 years later was translated to Newcastle where he was nominated on 8 July, installed on 2 September 1907.  In an age when bishops lived as lords, it is noteworthy that the 1901 Census records Straton resident in the Isle of Man with 6 servants and the 1911 Census in Benwell Tower, Newcastle upon Tyne, with 9 servants.  In 1914, Straton was absent from his post through ill-health for some time and, on his return to duty, showed that he was a strong supporter of British involvement in the Great War, certain that 'the righteous LORD, WHO loveth righteousness will prove Himself to have been on our side'.  He took responsibility for providing a Church Hut for 5000 troops based in Alnwick, and for encouraging recruitment to the forces from clergy and their families. He announced his retirement in July 1915 and died in 1918.

References

External links

Photo of Straton

1840 births
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Archdeacons of Huddersfield
19th-century Church of England bishops
20th-century Church of England bishops
Bishops of Sodor and Man
Bishops of Newcastle
1918 deaths
Deans of Peel


Georges-Alain Jones (30 September 1975, Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat, Alpes-Maritimes) is a French former singer. He participated in the second edition of French TV reality show Star Academy. His debut single "Embrasse" was a top ten hit in France and Belgium (Wallonia).

Discography

Albums
 2005 : New Jersey - #75 in Belgium, #31 in France

Singles
 2003 : "Embrasse" - #4 in Belgium, #6 in France, #26 in Switzerland
 2003 : "Vivre en danger" - #40 in Belgium, #55 in France
 2005 : "Central Park" - #36 in France

References

External links

1975 births
Living people
People from Alpes-Maritimes
French pop singers
Star Academy (France) participants
21st-century French singers
21st-century French male singers


Several heritage trails have been designed in Hong Kong:

Trails designed by the Antiquities and Monuments Office of the Leisure and Cultural Services Department:
 Ping Shan Heritage Trail, in Yuen Long District, opened on 12 December 1993
 Lung Yeuk Tau Heritage Trail
 Central and Western Heritage Trail

Other trails include
 Dr Sun Yat-sen Historical Trail, in Central and Western District.
 Hong Kong Boulder Trackways
 St Stephen's College Heritage Trail
 Tai Tam Waterworks Heritage Trail
 Wan Chai Heritage Trail, launched on 27 September 2009

Military history trails
 Pinewood Battery Heritage Trail, within the Lung Fu Shan Country Park
 Shing Mun War Relics Trail
 Wong Nai Chung Gap Trail, opened in 2006

See also

 List of hiking trails in Hong Kong
 List of buildings and structures in Hong Kong
 Heritage conservation in Hong Kong
 Declared monuments of Hong Kong
 List of Grade I historic buildings in Hong Kong
 List of Grade II historic buildings in Hong Kong
 List of Grade III historic buildings in Hong Kong
 History of Hong Kong

References

External links

 Heritage Trails on the Antiquities and Monuments Office website
 Shing Mun War Relics Trail
 Hong Kong Boulder Trackways' Survey

Heritage conservation in Hong Kong
Monuments and memorials in Hong Kong
Urban heritage trails


Howell Tong (; born in 1944 in Hong Kong) is a statistician who has made fundamental contributions to nonlinear time series analysis, semi-parametric statistics, non-parametric statistics, dimension reduction, model selection, likelihood-free statistics and other areas.  In the words of Professor Peter Whittle (FRS): "The striking feature of Howell Tong's … is the
continuing freshness, boldness and spirit of enquiry which inform them-indeed, proper qualities for
an explorer. He stands as the recognised innovator and authority in his subject, while remaining
disarmingly direct and enthusiastic."  His work, in the words of Sir David Cox, "links two fascinating fields, nonlinear time series and deterministic dynamical systems."
He is the father of the threshold time series models, which have extensive applications in ecology, economics, epidemiology and finance. (See external links for detail.) Besides nonlinear time series analysis, he was the co-author of a seminal paper, which he read to the Royal Statistical Society, on dimension reduction in semi-parametric statistics by pioneering the approach based on minimum average variance estimation. He has also made numerous novel contributions to nonparametric statistics (obtaining the surprising result that cross-validation does not suffer from the curse of dimensionality for consistent estimation of the embedding dimension of a dynamical system), Markov chain modelling (with application to weather data), reliability, non-stationary time series analysis (in both the frequency domain and the time domain) and wavelets.

Life
Since October 1, 2009, he has been an emeritus professor at the London School of Economics and was twice (2009, 2010) holder of the Saw Swee Hock Professorship of Statistics at the National University of Singapore. He was a guest professor, Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences from 2000 to 2004, a distinguished visiting professor of statistics at the University of Hong Kong from  2005 to 2013, a distinguished professor-at-large, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China from 2016–2021 and is a distinguished visiting professor, Tsinghua University, China, since 2019.

Tong, a scholarship boy, left Wah Yan College 香港華仁書院 (founded by the Irish Jesuits in 1919) in Hong Kong in 1961, and was sent by his father to complete his matriculation at Barnsbury Boys' School in North London (one of the earliest comprehensive schools in England, now no longer in existence). He got his Bachelor of Science in 1966 (with first class honours in Mathematics), Master of Science in 1969 and Doctor of Philosophy in 1972, all from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST, now merged into the University of Manchester), where he studied under Maurice Priestley. Tong remained at UMIST first as a lecturer and then as a senior lecturer. While in Manchester, he started his married life with Ann Mary Leong. In 1982, he moved to the Chinese University of Hong Kong as the founding chair of statistics.  Four years later, he returned to England to be chair professor of statistics (and sometime director of the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics) at the University of Kent at Canterbury, a post he held until 1999. He was the first ethnic Chinese to hold such a chair professorship in the UK, thus opening the door for other ethnic Chinese statisticians.  From 1999 to September 2009, Tong was chair professor of statistics at the London School of Economics and founded the Centre for the Analysis of Time Series. Between 1997 and 2004, Tong was concurrently chair professor of statistics, founding dean of the graduate school and later pro-vice chancellor, University of Hong Kong.

Tong was elected a member of the International Statistical Institute in 1983. In 1986, he was the session organiser and an invited speaker of the session on time series analysis, at the First World Congress of the Bernoulli Society, held at Tashkent in the former Soviet Union. In 1994, he was the Special Plenary Lecturer at the 15th Nordic Meeting in Mathematical Statistics, held at Lund, Sweden. In 1999, he delivered the Alan T. Craig lecture at the University of Iowa, US.   He was elected a  Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1993, an Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries, England in 1999, and a Foreign Member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 2000. In 2000, he became the first statistician to win the (class II) State Prize in Natural Sciences in China. In 2002, the University of Hong Kong gave him their then-highest award, the Distinguished Research Achievement Award, carrying with it a research grant of HK$1,000,000 per annum for three years.  The Royal Statistical Society, UK, awarded him their Guy Medal in Silver in 2007 in recognition of his "...many important contributions to time series analysis over a distinguished career and in particular for his fundamental and highly influential paper "Threshold autoregression, limit cycles and cyclical data", read to the society in 1980, which paved the way for a major body of work in non-linear time series modelling." In 2011, he delivered the Paolu Hsu lecture at the Peking University, China. In 2012, the International Chinese Statistical Association awarded him the Distinguished Achievement Award.  In 2014, he held a senior fellowship at the Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Bologna, Italy.

Tong has one son, one daughter and three grandchildren.

Bibliography

Notes

External links

Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
 https://dnva.no/medlemmer/53
Published Papers https://www.dropbox.com/sh/vl7nfw18cczq5g8/AAC2xx_P__nKAmryN9wsbLvSa?dl=0
A conversation with Howell Tong
An interview with Howell Tong https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/snde/ahead-of-print/article-10.1515-snde-2019-0097/article-10.1515-snde-2019-0097.xml
Exploration of a nonlinear world: An appreciation of Howell Tong’s contributions to Statistics
Poems and writings http://howelltongblog.blogspot.co.uk/

An interview with Howell Tong (透過時間了解世界）

International Conference in Honour of Howell Tong: Nonlinear Time Series: Threshold Modelling and Beyond Analysis 2009
Threshold models for animal population dynamics

1944 births
Living people
Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Statisticians
Hong Kong academics
Alumni of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
Academics of the University of North London
Academics of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
Academics of the University of Kent
Academics of the London School of Economics
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters


"A-Yo" is a song by American hip hop duo Method Man & Redman, released on March 31, 2009, as the first single from their third studio album, Blackout! 2 (2009). The song was produced by Pete Rock and features vocals from Canadian rapper Saukrates. A video for the song was released on April 9, 2009. The song contains a sample of "Magic Mona", as performed by Phyllis Hyman.

Charts

References

2009 singles
Song recordings produced by Pete Rock
Method Man songs
Redman (rapper) songs
Def Jam Recordings singles
Songs written by Method Man
2009 songs
Songs written by Redman (rapper)
Songs written by Pete Rock


Elisabeth Mooij, also known as Elisabeth Ghijben (Amsterdam, 1712 – Amsterdam, 1759), was a Dutch actress. She was among the biggest stars in the Netherlands in her time.

Elisabeth Mooij was the daughter of the wine maker Willem Mooij and Sara Ledeboer. In 1731, she married the oyster dealer Robbert Ghijben. She was employed at the Schouwburg theatre in 1743–1759. After the death of Anna Maria de Bruyn in 1744, she was made first actress, and after this, she was often given the leading roles in the theatre's productions.

See also
Johanna Wattier

References
 http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/DVN/voltooide_lemmata

1712 births
1759 deaths
Actresses from Amsterdam
18th-century Dutch actresses


List of presidents of the Senate of Jamaica. The president is the presiding officer of Senate of Jamaica.

Below is a list of office-holders:

Sources
 Official website of Houses of Parliament, Jamaica

Politics of Jamaica
Jamaica, Senate

Lists of Jamaican politicians


Tallow was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons until 1800, centred on Tallow, County Waterford.

Members of Parliament
1613–1615 Sir Gerard Lowther the elder and Sir Lawrence Parsons
1634–1635 Thomas Ellwell and Sir William Fenton
1639–1645 John Fitzwilliam Barry and John Ogle
1661–1666 Folliott Wingfield (sat for Wicklow. Replaced May 1661 by Archibald Stewart) and Boyle Smith (died and replaced 1662 by Henry Howard)

1692–1801

References

Constituencies of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801)
Historic constituencies in County Waterford
1800 disestablishments in Ireland
Constituencies disestablished in 1800


St. Edmund's Anglican Church was a parish of the Convocation of Anglicans in North America in Elm Grove, Wisconsin.

Formerly known as St. Edmund's Episcopal Church, the congregation became in 2008 the first in Wisconsin to withdraw from the Episcopal Church to join the Anglican realignment, a conservative movement of Anglicans in the United States and Canada formed primarily in opposition to the Episcopal Church's support for the ordination of non-celibate gay people.

History
St. Edmund's was founded 1947 by a small group of Christian laity and clergy meeting in temporary facilities in the village of Elm Grove, Waukesha County, Wisconsin. Within a decade the group had raised sufficient funds to construct their own building on land donated to the congregation by members of their community on Watertown Plank Road in the village. In 1962, St. Edmund's voted to affiliate with the Episcopal Church in the United States of America and became part of the ECUSA Diocese of Milwaukee.

Bishop Donald Hallock granted St. Edmund's the charter of an earlier defunct parish in his diocese dedicated to St. Edmond (Edmund), King of East Anglia. The free grant of the charter provided the 15-year-old parish with honorific roots to Christian ministry in Milwaukee dating to 1874 and Anglican historical connections stretching back almost 1,100 years.

By 1976, the church was a congregation with more than 400 members. In 1976 the parish vestry chose Wayne Carr Olmstead to serve as rector. Olmstead remained in the position for the next 30 years, serving both the parishioners of St. Edmund's and young men studying for the ministry from Nashotah House Seminary. But his tenure proved controversial because of his high-church style and traditionalist theological approach, which limited the role of girls and women in church services. A large number of congregants left the parish in the years following Olmstead's appointment, including a substantial number of major donors, weakening its financial base. What remained was a smaller and more conservative group of worshippers.

After Olmstead died on March 13, 2006, the disconnect between the faith and practice of St. Edmund's Church, the Diocese of Milwaukee and the Episcopal Church.
In particular, the St. Edmund's congregation took issue with the Episcopal Church's acceptance of non-celibate gay people.

An absolute majority of St. Edmund's Church voted in December 2008 to remain within the Anglican Communion while disassociating itself completely from the Episcopal Church. The congregation was immediately received into the Convocation of Anglicans in North America, the American mission of the Church of Nigeria, the largest Anglican province in the world.

In December 2011, St. Edmund's lost a court case brought by the Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee, and a judge ruled the parishioners must relinquish all church property and vacate the church building. They did so in January 2012, although the diocese accused the departing members of vandalizing the altar with Hebrew letters that approximated the words "God no longer lives here." Several graves on the church grounds were transferred elsewhere.

On January 26, 2014, the former St. Edmund's congregation was relaunched and renamed Holy Cross Anglican Church. On May 21, 2019, the diocese of Holy Cross came under the sole jurisdiction of the Anglican Church in North America and changed its name to the Anglican Diocese of the Living Word.

Building

For more than 50 years, St. Edmund's was housed in a red clapboard and concrete church in the Mid-century Modern style.

Designed by architect William P. Wenzler and completed in 1957, the building on Watertown Plank Road in Elm Grove included one of the first hyperbolic paraboloid roofs in the United States. The roof was made of poured concrete and extended 45 feet beyond the altar, which was hung with a crucifix created in an abstract style and lit through natural light.

According to Wenzler's daughter, the architect was nervous about whether or not the roof would stand, particularly after he received a comment on the blueprints from Spanish modernist architect Felix Candela, who was famous for his work with concrete. Candela wrote, "I won’t say it will fall, but if it stands it will be a coincidence." Wenzler's daughter writes that workmen on the building site were also terrified the roof would collapse, since its flexible shape meant it moved whenever someone walked on it.

Once finished, the building was well received by the architecture press and religious leaders of the time. Speaking shortly after the completion of the building, Wenzler said that new churches should not be "a shadow of the past, but an expression of the future."

After the final St. Edmunds Congregation left in 2012, the building remained empty until it was sold in 2015  to a newly formed Christian congregation, the Crimson Way church.  The new owners painted the clapboard exterior of the church's apse white.

Declaration of St. Edmund's Church
The Declaration of St. Edmund's Church is an important document in the history of Anglicanism in the American Midwest as St. Edmund's was the first parish in Wisconsin to leave the Episcopal Church while remaining in the Anglican Communion.

See also
 Anglican Communion Network
 Anglo-Catholicism
 Mid-century modern Architecture

References

External links
CANA Official website
Decentralised nature of worldwide Anglicanism
Holy Cross Anglican Church, CANA of Milwaukee, WI

Anglicanism
Churches in Waukesha County, Wisconsin


Meat emulsion is a two-phase system, with the dispersed phase consisting of either solid or liquid fat particles and the continuous phase being the water containing salts and dissolved, gelled and suspended proteins. Thus, they can be classified as oil-in-water emulsion. Meat emulsion is not a true emulsion since the two phases involved are not liquids and the fat droplets in a commercial emulsion are larger than 50 μm in diameter and thus do not conform to one of the requirement of a classical emulsion. Common examples of meat emulsions include bologna, frankfurters, sausages, and meatloaf.

The continuous phase mainly consists of water, water-soluble proteins and salt-soluble proteins. The dispersed phase or discontinuous phase consists of fat droplets.

The water-soluble proteins are sarcoplasmic proteins such as myoglobin and other pigments; salt-soluble proteins are myofibrillar proteins such as myosin, actin, and actinins.

Meat emulsifiers
When used in food products, iota carrageenan and sodium stearoyl lactylate have a synergistic effect allowing for stabilizing/emulsifying that is not obtained with any other type of carrageenan (kappa/lambda) or with other emulsifiers (monoglycerides, etc.). Sodium stearoyl lactylate combined with iota carrageenan is capable of producing emulsions under both hot and cold conditions using either vegetable or animal fat.

References

Meat


This is a list of earthquakes in Italy that had epicentres in Italy, or significantly affected the country. On average every four years an earthquake with a magnitude equal to or greater than 5.5 occurs in Italy.

Due to the particular geodynamic situation (convergence of the Eurasian Plate with the African Plate) the Italian territory is frequently subject to earthquakes, giving it the record in Europe for these phenomena. Out of 1,300 destructive earthquakes that occurred in the 2nd millennium in the central Mediterranean sea, 500 affected Italy.

The analysis of the earthquakes indicates that they are mostly distributed along the areas affected by Alpine and Apennine tectonics, where they are caused by movements along faults. The highest seismicity hazard in Italy has been concentrated in the central-southern part of the peninsula, along the Apennine ridge, in Calabria and Sicily and in some northern areas, like Friuli, part of Veneto and western Liguria.

Geology
Italy lies on the southern extent of the Eurasian Plate, which is surrounded by the Aegean Sea Plate, the Adriatic Plate, and the Anatolian Plate. The Apennine Mountains contain numerous faults that run along the entire Italian peninsula and form the majority of the destructive boundary between the Eurasian and the Adriatic Plates, thus causing Italy to have high amounts of tectonic activity. In addition, Sicily and Calabria are located near the boundary where the African Plate is subducting below the Eurasian Plate, which was responsible for forming the stratovolcano known as Mount Etna.

List of major earthquakes

Gallery

See also

Geology of Italy
Earthquakes in Albania
Earthquakes in Croatia
Earthquakes in Greece

References

Notes

Further reading
  (includes chronology)

External links

 Catalogue of the Strong Earthquakes 461 a.C. – 1997 (from the National Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – INGV)

Italy

Earthquakes
Earthquakes
Tsunamis in Italy


The  frazione Castelnuovo is a small town established in the Middle Ages in the Avezzano comune, 8 kilometers from Avezzano itself, within the province of L'Aquila, Abruzzo region, in the Apennine Mountains within the centre (geometry) of Italy. Its population in 2001 was 182.

References

Frazioni of Avezzano


Noor Jalal Ghari, also known as Karamdin Ghari, is a village of Gadoon Amazai, located near Swabi Khyber Pukhtoonkhuwa, Pakistan.

The village was formed by Noor Jalal Khan, a descendant of Ahmed Khan Baba, who came first to the Amazai area. People of both the villages of Kupri and Noor Jalal Ghari (Karamdin Ghari) are of the same caste of Pukhtoon tribe Yousufzai.

The elders of the area were known for their great achievements for the development of the whole area.

Agriculture is the main source of income for the people of the area. There is a primary school in the village, but students have to go far away from the village to take further education. There are hardly any health facilities available in the area, which sometimes cause critical problems for the people of the area.

Villages in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Swabi District


Whittaker Cunliffe (15 December 1875 – 1 May 1966) was an English comic singer.  The historian and critic W. J. MacQueen-Pope described Cunliffe as a "great singer of great songs and the epitome of what made Music Hall."

Biography
Whit Cunliffe was born in Waterfoot, Lancashire.  By 1900 he was performing in music halls.  He was described as being "a bit of a dandy", strolling around the stage dressed in a frock coat, top hat and spats, and was referred to as the last surviving Lion comique.

Among his most successful songs was "There Are Nice Girls Everywhere" (1909).  Several of his songs - most of which were written for him by writers such as R. P. Weston and Fred Godfrey - took a highly conservative view of women's roles, and particularly of the women's suffrage movement.  They included "If the World Were Ruled by Girls" (1905), "It's a Different Girl Again" (1906), "Tight Skirts Have Got to Go", "Let's Have Free Trade Among the Girls", "They Can Do Without Us", and "Do You Believe in Women's Rights".  He recorded other topical songs; his 1914 song "Tow the Row Row" laughs at the forced feeding in prison of suffragettes a couple of years earlier, and denounced the Social Insurance laws put in place by Lloyd George's government.   Cunliffe was an enthusiastic supporter of the allied cause in the First World War and was involved in many concerts raising money to help the war drive.   His 1914 song "Hock Hock Der Kaiser" made fun of German pretensions.

He recorded many of his songs between 1910 and 1915, including "There Are Nice Girls Everywhere", "There's Something in the Seaside Air", and "Who Were You With Last Night?", which had first been performed by Mark Sheridan.  A selection of his songs was released on CD in 2003, as Tight Skirts Have Got To Go.

Cunliffe retired after the end of the First World War.  He died in Battle, East Sussex, in 1966, aged 90.

Other songs
"I will! I won't! As Soon as the Girl Gets you Home" (wrote)
"Women get the Best of it; Poor Old Father" (composer)
"Hallo Hallo Hallo, It's a Different Girl Again!"

References

English male singers
1966 deaths
1875 births
People from Haslingden


Sleep No More may refer to:

Sleep No More (2011 play), performed since 2011 in New York City
Sleep No More (2009 play)
Sleep No More (novel), a 2002 novel by Greg Iles
Sleep No More (anthology), a 1944 anthology edited by August Derleth
Sleep No More (The Comsat Angels album), 1981
Sleep No More (DJ Signify album), 2004
Sleep No More (Jack Savoretti album), 2016
"Sleep No More" (Doctor Who), an episode of the ninth series of Doctor Who
"Sleep No More," an episode from the fifth season of Arthur
Sleep No More, a 1948 collection of supernatural horror stories by L. T. C. Rolt
Sleep No More, a 1966 book by George Sims as Paul Cain (pen name)

Shakespearean phrases


William Horner Harper (June 14, 1889 – June 17, 1951) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He appeared in two games for the St. Louis Browns in .

External links

Major League Baseball pitchers
St. Louis Browns players
Pontiac Indians players
Decatur Commodores players
Cedar Rapids Rabbits players
Baseball players from Missouri
1889 births
1951 deaths
People from Mississippi County, Missouri
Missouri Tigers baseball players


KPCZ may refer to:

 Waupaca Municipal Airport (ICAO code KPCZ)
 KPCZ-FM, a radio station (106.7 FM) licensed to serve Rayne, Louisiana, United States


Sundell may refer to:

Places
 Sundell, Michigan, an unincorporated community in Rock River Township, Michigan

People with the surname
 Harri Sundell, Finnish decathlete, winner of the Finnish national championship in 1984
 Leif Sundell, Swedish soccer referee
 Ola Sundell, Swedish politician
 Per Håkan Sundell, Swedish programmer


The Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail (PLB) corridor stretches nearly  from the vicinity of Lake Butler, Florida to Palatka, Florida. The project is located along the former Georgia Southern and Florida Railway right-of-way and the trail is being constructed on top of the existing abandoned railroad bed through (from east to west) Putnam,  Clay, Bradford, and Union counties.

The corridor was purchased with Preservation 2000 funds through the Office of Greenways and Trails Acquisition Program. The Rails to Trails Conservancy played a key role in preserving the corridor for conversion to a rail-trail and the trail was designated as part of the Florida Greenways & Trails System in 2007.

Construction of a  multi-use recreational trail along this corridor is being completed in phases, and the first paved section of  opened in Clay County in 2008. The paved trail now runs from western Keystone Heights through and past Florahome through the southern edges of the Etoniah Creek State Forest.

The eastern end of the pavement is diagonally west of the Kay Larkin Airport in Palatka. The construction was administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) and funded in part through the Transportation Equity Act of the 21st Century Act (TEA-21). The Trail is managed by the DEP Office of Greenways & Trails.

The Clay County segment of the PLB Trail running through Keystone Heights ties into a ,  the FDOT constructed. This bike path runs north from downtown Keystone Heights to Mike Roess Gold Head Branch State Park. Twin Lakes Park in Keystone Heights serves as the main trailhead for the Clay County segment and was developed by Clay County with funding from the Florida Recreation Development Assistance Program.

The remainder of the PLB Trail is still in the design phase. The final design must be completed before any additional paving can occur and the  recreational trail is fully constructed. There are plans to connect St. Augustine to Lake City by way of this trail system at some future date, to make the total length of the Trail over .

A section of the  Florida National Scenic Trail is being developed adjacent to the PLB Trail.

Gallery

References

External links

 Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail at Florida State Parks
 Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail at 100 Florida Trails
 Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail at Florida Hikes

Protected areas of Bradford County, Florida
Protected areas of Clay County, Florida
Hiking trails in Florida
Protected areas of Putnam County, Florida
Protected areas of Union County, Florida
Rail trails in Florida
Bike paths in Florida
2007 establishments in Florida


Trenary may refer to:

 Mathias Township, Michigan, United States
 Cassandra Trenary, American ballet dancer
 Jill Trenary, American ice skater
 Philip Trenary (1954–2018), American businessman


WLKI (100.3 FM) is an American FM radio station licensed to and based in Angola, Indiana, and serving portions of northeastern Indiana, northwestern Ohio, and south-central Michigan. Owned by Coldwater, Michigan businessman Stephen Swick, the station airs a hybrid adult contemporary/Hot AC music format branded as FM's Best.

The station began broadcasting on November 7, 1969 at 100.1 MHz, and became WLKI on July 15, 1974. WLKI was owned by Thomas R. Andrews owner of Lake Cities Broadcasting Corporation until April 2008, when it was sold to Stephen Swick (under the corporate name Swick Broadcasting Corporation) for $3.8 million along with sister stations WTHD in LaGrange, Indiana and WLZZ in Montpelier, Ohio (both country-formatted), and sports WBET/oldies WBET-FM in Sturgis, Michigan.

WLKI's primary service area includes the cities of Angola, Fremont, Clear Lake, Orland, and Waterloo in Indiana, Coldwater, Bronson and Camden in Michigan, and Edon, Ohio. Its signal reaches portions of DeKalb County, and can be heard as far away as Hudson, Michigan although reception farther east is impeded by co-channel WNIC in the Detroit area.

The WLKI airstaff includes Andy St. John in the mornings and afternoons, mid-days with Jeremy Robinson and nights with Randi Douglas.

HD Radio
In November, 2009, WLKI began broadcasting in HD, allowing Swick the opportunity to place two additional signals into the Angola area.  The former 92.5 translator (W223AM) in Bronson, Michigan, and 99.5 translator (W258AO) in Hillsdale, Michigan, were both purchased by Swick, and moved to the WLKI tower site, with the former becoming 92.7 (W224BY Angola, Indiana), and the latter becoming 101.3 (W267BE Angola, Indiana).  92.7 is now rebroadcasting WLKI-HD3's Christmas music format.  On December 31, 2009, 101.3 became the home of "U-Rock 101.3", which is also broadcast on WLKI-HD2.

On November 1, 2021, WLKI-HD3 dropped its "Fox Sports Angola" sports format and began stunting with Christmas music as "92.7 The Christmas Station'. On December 26, 2021, WLKI-HD3 flipped to Hot-AC as "Hot FM 92.7", with the first song being "You Need to Calm Down" by Taylor Swift"

References

External links
Swick Broadcasting Stations
WLKI website (streaming audio available)
92.7 The Christmas Station website

LKI
Mainstream adult contemporary radio stations in the United States
Steuben County, Indiana
Radio stations established in 1969
Radio stations established in 1974
1969 establishments in Indiana


Toja can refer to:
one of the Uriankhai banners
Guido Toja (1870–1933), Italian actuary
Juan Carlos Toja (born 1985), Colombian footballer
Toju Nakae (1608–1648), Japanese philosopher


Temporary maintenance holdings


The salons of Early Modern and Revolutionary France played an integral role in the cultural and intellectual development of France. The salons were seen by contemporary writers as a cultural hub, responsible for the dissemination of good manners and sociability. It was not merely manners that the salons supposedly spread but also ideas, as the salons became a centre of intellectual as well as social exchange, playing host to many members of the Republic of Letters. Women, in contrast to other Early Modern institutions, played an important and visible role within the salons. The extent of this role is, however, heavily contested by some historians.

The role that the salons played in the process of Enlightenment, and particularly the fact that women played such an integral part in them, means that there is an abundance of historical debate surrounding them. The relationship with the state and the public sphere, the role of women, as well as their form and periodisation are all important factors in the historiography of the salon.

Historiography of the Salons

The historiography of the salons is far from straightforward. The salons have been studied in depth by a mixture of feminist, Marxist, cultural, social and intellectual historians. Each of these methodologies focus on different aspects of the salons, and thus have varying analyses of the salons’ importance in terms of French history and the Enlightenment as a whole. Major historiographical debates focus around the relationship between the salons and the public sphere, as well as the role of women within the salons.

Periodisation of the salon

Breaking down the salons into a historical periods is complicated due to the various historiographical debates that surround them. Most studies stretch from the mid-seventeenth century to the end of eighteenth century. Goodman is typical in ending her study at The French Revolution, where, she writes: 'the literary public sphere was transformed into the political public'. Steven Kale is relatively alone in his recent attempts to extend the period of the salon up until Revolution of 1848. Kale points out:

A whole world of social arrangements and attitude supported the existence of french salons: an idle aristocracy, an ambitious middle class, an active intellectual life, the social density of a major urban center, sociable traditions, and a certain aristocratic feminism. This world did not disappear in 1789.

Conversation, content and the form of the salon

The content and form of the salon to some extent defines the character and historical importance of the salon. Contemporary literature about the salons is dominated by idealistic notions of politesse (politeness), civilité (civility) and honnêteté (honesty or proper behavior), but whether the salons lived up to these standards is matter of debate. Older texts on the salons tend to paint an idealistic picture of the salons, where reasoned debate takes precedence and salons are egalitarian spheres of polite conversation. Today, however, this view is rarely considered an adequate analysis of the salon.

The dominance of Habermas’ work in salon historiography has come under criticism from some quarters, with Pekacz singling out Dena Goodman's Republic of Letters for particular criticism because it was written with ‘the explicit intention of supporting [Habermas’] thesis’, rather than verifying it.  The theory itself, meanwhile, has been criticised for a fatal misunderstanding of the nature of salons.  The main criticism of Habermas’ interpretation of the salons, however, is that the salons were not part of an oppositional public sphere, and were instead an extension of court society.

This criticism stems largely from Norbert Elias’ The History of Manners, in which Elias contends that the dominant concepts of the salons – politesse, civilité and honnêteté – were ‘used almost as synonyms, by which the courtly people wished to designate, in a broad or narrow sense, the quality of their own behaviour’.  Joan Landes agrees, stating that, ‘to some extent, the salon was merely an extension of the institutionalised court’ and that rather than being part of the public sphere, salons were in fact in conflict with it.  Erica Harth concurs, pointing to the fact that the state ‘appropriated the informal academy and not the salon’ due to the academies’ ‘tradition of dissent’ – something that lacked in the salon.  But Landes’ view of the salons as a whole is independent of both Elias’ and Habermas’ school of thought, insofar that she views the salons as a ‘unique institution’, that cannot be adequately described as part of the public sphere, or court society. Others, such as Steven Kale, compromise by declaring that the public and private spheres overlapped in the salons. Antoine Lilti goes further, describing the salons as simply ‘institutions within Parisian high society,’ with little or no link to the realm of the public sphere or public opinion. Because salons appear to be largely aristocratic institutions of "politesse", Lilti argues the only possible impact on the public sphere was in the form of patronage networks for philosophes.

The most prominent defence of salons as part of the public sphere comes from Dena Goodman's The Republic of Letters, which claims that the ‘public sphere was structured by the salon, the press and other institutions of sociability’.  Goodman's work is also credited with further emphasising the importance of the salon in terms of French history, the Republic of Letters and the Enlightenment as a whole, and has dominated the historiography of the salons since its publication in 1994.

Debates surrounding women and the salon

When dealing with the salons, historians have traditionally focused upon the role of women within them.  Works in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century often focused on the scandals and ‘petty intrigues’ of the salons.  Other works from this period focused on the more positive aspects of women in the salon.  Indeed, according to Jolanta T. Pekacz, the fact women dominated history of the salons meant that study of the salons was often left to amateurs, while men concentrated on 'more important' (and masculine) areas of the Enlightenment.

Historians tended to focus on individual salonnières, creating almost a 'great-woman' version of history that ran parallel to the Whiggish, male dominated history identified by Herbert Butterfield. Even in 1970, works were still being produced that concentrated only on individual stories, without analysing the effects of the salonnières' unique position. The integral role that women played within salons, as salonnières, began to receive greater - and more serious - study in latter parts of the twentieth century, with the emergence of a distinctly feminist historiography. The salons, according to Caroyln Lougee, were distinguished by 'the very visible identification of women with salons', and the fact that they played a positive public role in French society. General texts on the Enlightenment, such as Daniel Roche's France in the Enlightenment tend to agree that women were dominant within the salons, but that their influence did not extend far outside of such venues. Antoine Lilti, on the other hand, rejects the notion that women 'governed' conversation in the salons.

It was, however, Goodman's The Republic of Letters that ignited a real debate surrounding the role of women within the salons and – so Goodman contends – the Enlightenment as a whole.  According to Goodman: ‘The salonnières were not social climbers but intelligent, self-educated, and educating women who adopted and implemented the values of the Enlightenment Republic of Letters and used them to reshape the salon to their own social intellectual, and educational needs’.  While few historians doubt that women played an important, significant role in the salons, Goodman is often criticised for her narrow use of sources. Very recent historiography has tended to moderate Goodman's thesis, arguing that while women did play a significant role in the salons they facilitated - rather than created, as Goodman argues - the ideas and debates generally associated with the Enlightenment. This was particular true in Vienna, where the cultural salon started later than it did in Paris and Berlin.

See also
Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin

References

Bibliography

Craveri, Benedetta, The Age of Conversation (New York: New York Review Books, 2005)
Elias, Norbert, (Trans. Edmund Jephcott), The Civilising Process: The History of Manners, Vol. 1 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1978)
Goodman, Dena, The Republic of Letters: A Cultural History of the French Enlightenment (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994)
Goodman, Dena, 'Enlightenment Salons: The Convergence of Female and Philosophic Ambitions' Eighteenth-Century Studies, Vol. 22, No. 3, Special Issue: The French Revolution in Culture (Spring, 1989), pp. 329–350
Kale, Steven, French Salons: High Society and Political Sociability from the Old Regime to the Revolution of 1848 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006)
Habermas, Jürgen, (trans. Thomas Burger), The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society (Camb., Mass.: MIT Press, 1989)
Harth, Erica, Cartesian Women: Versions and Subversions of Rational Discourse in the Old Regime (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992).
Huddleston, Sisley, Bohemian, Literary and Social Life in Paris: Salons, Cafes, Studios (London: George G. Harrap, 1928)
Kavanagh, Julia, Women in France during the Enlightenment Century, 2 Vols (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1893)
Landes, Joan B., Women and the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988);
Latour, Anny (Trans. A. A. Dent), Uncrowned Queens: Reines Sans Couronne (London: J. M. Dent, 1970)
Lougee, Carolyn C., Le Paradis des Femmes: Women, Salons and Social Stratification in Seventeenth Century France (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976)
Lilti, Antoine, ‘Sociabilité et mondanité: Les hommes de lettres dans les salons parisiens au XVIIIe siècle’ French Historical Studies, Vol. 28, No. 3 (Summer 2005), p. 415-445
Pekacz, Jolanta T., Conservative Tradition In Pre-Revolutionary France: Parisian Salon Women (New York: Peter Lang, 1999)
Roche, Daniel, (Trans Arthur Goldhammr), France in the Enlightenment, (Cambridge, Mass.: HUP, 1998)
Tallentyre, S. G., Women of the Salons (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1926)
Webberley, Helen "Jewish cultural patronage in 1900 Vienna", Limmud Oz Conference, Melbourne, June 2011.

Arts and culture in the Ancien Régime
Salon


The Du Londel Troupe was a French 18th-century theatre troupe. From 1753 to 1771, it was active as the French Theatre of Sweden, where it played a great part in that country's theatre history.

The French troupe performed in Copenhagen in Denmark in 1748–53. They also performed in Oslo in Norway during the king's stay there in 1749. The troupe was under the leadership of Jeanne Du Londel, widow of Jean Du Londel, and Pierre de Laynay in 1753, when they were invited to Sweden by the initiative of the Swedish queen, Louisa Ulrika of Prussia.

The troupe followed the royal court between the royal palaces and performed on the court- theatres, such as the Drottningholm Theatre and Confidencen, but they also performed for the public in the theatre of Bollhuset in Stockholm during the Winter. After the season of 1753-54, the Stockholm theatre was reserved for them and the Swedish actors were turned out, which interrupted the development of the Swedish language theatre; the Swedish theatre formed the Stenborg Troupe. The Du Londel Troupe performed the latest plays from Paris and also ballets, but they largely remained a pleasure for those who could speak French. In 1771, the French Theatre was dissolved by Gustav III of Sweden, who wished to establish a Swedish-language national theatre.

The Du Londel troupe is mostly remembered in history for interrupting the development of the Swedish theatre and replacing it with a theatre which was only understandable for those who could speak French; but the current view is that they made "The gracious French singing theatre" popular in Sweden, and thereby inspired to the foundation of the Royal Dramatic Theatre and the Royal Swedish Opera.

See also
 La troupe du Roi de Suede

References
 Lars Löfgren (2003). Svensk teater (Swedish theatre). Stockholm: Natur och Kultur. .
 Forser, Tomas & Heed, Sven Åke (red.), Ny svensk teaterhistoria. 1, Teater före 1800, Gidlund, Hedemora, 2007
 Anna Ivarsdotter Johnsson and Leif Jonsson: Musiken i Sverige. Frihetstiden och Gustaviansk tid 1720-1810 (Music in Sweden. The age of liberty and the Gustavian age 17201-1810)
 Klas Ralf, Operan 200 år. Jubelboken (The Opera 200 years. The Jubilee book) Prisma
 H.J. Huitfeldt, Christiania Theaterhistorie (in Norwegian)

18th century in Sweden
18th-century theatre
French comedy troupes
Former theatres in Stockholm
1753 establishments in Sweden
1771 disestablishments in Europe
Theatre companies in Sweden
18th century in Stockholm
Sweden during the Age of Liberty


Merlin's Ring is a fantasy novel by American writer H. Warner Munn, the third in a series of three based on Arthurian legend. Originally intended for publication by Ballantine Books in the Ballantine Adult Fantasy series, it actually saw print only after the series was discontinued.  It was first published in paperback by Ballantine Books in June 1974. It was reprinted by Ballantine twice, in September 1975 and August 1981, before going out of print. In December 2005 a trade paperback edition was issued by Cold Spring Press. The novel was nominated for the 1975 Mythopoeic Fantasy Award and World Fantasy Award for Best Novel.

Plot summary
The novel is a continuation of the story in The Ship From Atlantis, telling of Prince Gwalchmai's star-crossed love for Princess Corenice of Atlantis in her various reincarnations, along with his centuries-delayed quest to secure aid and settlers to shore up the faltering empire established by his father and refugees from the fallen kingdom of Arthur in the New World. The story opens with Gwalchmai's reawakening after centuries in suspended animation. The Britain he finally reaches is a prostrated land transformed into England by its Saxon conquerors, with his father's exile long forgotten and his countrymen incapable of undertaking any sort of colonization project. Guided by his reincarnated lover, he seeks aid unsuccessfully, his travels taking him from Viking-age Europe to the far-eastern empires of the Chinese and Japanese, and ultimately back to Europe again as it approaches the Renaissance. He is abetted down through the centuries by the magical ring of his godfather Merlin, responsible for his longevity, and by Corenice. Highlights include the hero's visit to Faerie, his service as a companion to Joan of Arc, and his final revelation in Iceland of the secret of the New World to a Genoan merchant, Christopher Columbus.

Related works
The preceding books in the series, King of the World's Edge (1939) and The Ship from Atlantis (1967) were later reissued together by Ballantine as Merlin's Godson (1976), a title that has also been used for the series as a whole. Munn's research on Joan of Arc for Merlin's Ring sparked an interest that carried over into his epic poem The Banner of Joan (1975). In his last years Munn was reportedly working on a sequel to Merlin's Ring to be called The Sword of Merlin, which he did not live to finish.

Notes

External links

Zweig, Dani. "Belated Reviews PS#13: Misc 3: Historical Fantasy by Arnold/Munn/Moore"

1974 American novels
American fantasy novels
Modern Arthurian fiction
Ballantine Books books


Alfonso Luis Herrera (1868–1942) was a Mexican biologist, author, educator and founder of several institutions in Mexico City. He conducted research into the origin of life in an attempt to develop a new, experimental science which he called plasmogeny.

Biography
Herrera was born in Mexico City, the son of a well-known naturalist. He studied pharmacy at the National School of Medicine, graduating in 1889 by which time he had already published several papers in Zoology and Ornithology. He became a teacher at the National Preparatory School (Escuela Nacional Preparatoria), the Military School and the "Normal School for Teachers" (Escuela Normal para Maestros) in Mexico. He also helped to found the Botanical Garden of Chapultepec Park (1922), Mexico City Zoo (1923 - now called Chapultepec Zoo), and the Biological Institute of the University of Mexico.

Herrera died in Mexico City in 1943.

Ideas
He developed an experimental science called plasmogeny, concerned with the origin of protoplasm, the living material of which all animals and plants are made. He reasoned that since life was the result of purely physico-chemical phenomena, it should be possible to create a structure with similar properties to natural protoplasm out of relatively simple organic and inorganic compounds in the laboratory. To this end he conducted experiments to create artificial cells ("protocells") using substances such as olive oil, sodium hydroxide, gasoline, and thiocyanate.

Books
He published his ideas in books such as Recueil des lois de la biologie générale ("Collection of the General Laws of Biology") in 1897 and Nociones de biología in 1904 which was reprinted in 1924 as Biología y plasmogenia ("Biology and Plasmogeny"). His ideas on plasmogeny were further elaborated in Una nueva ciencia – la plasmogenia ("A New Science – Plasmogeny", 1924) and a shorter version followed in 1932, La plasmogenia – nueva ciencia del origen de la vida ("Plasmogeny – The New Science of the Origin of Life"). His experiments were published in two scientific journals which he founded: Gaceta de Plasmogenia (in Spanish) and Bulletin du Laboratoire de Plasmogenie (in French). He also wrote a number of other scientific texts.

Several of his books have now appeared in English translation.

Eponyms
Three reptiles are named in his honor: Kinosternon herrerai (Herrera's mud turtle), Barisia herrerae (Herrera's alligator lizard), and Lampropeltis zonata herrerae (Todos Santos Island kingsnake).

See also
Sulphobes

References

Further reading
 Herrera, Alfonso L. Recueil des Lois de la Biologie Generale (Collection of the General Laws of Biology") 1897.
 Herrera, Alfonso L. ''Biologia y Plasmogenia" (Biology and Plasmogeny) 1924.

 Ponnamperuma, C. (ed.) Chemical Evolution: Structure and Model of the First Cell.

External links

Mexican biologists
Scientists from Mexico City
1942 deaths
1868 births
20th-century Mexican scientists


Vail, Colorado is a city in the United States.

Vail may also refer to:

Places
In the United States
 Vail, Arizona
 Vail Ski Resort, in Vail, Colorado
 Vail, Iowa
 Salt Lick, Kentucky, formerly known as Vail
 Vail, Michigan
 Vail Township, Redwood County, Minnesota
 Vail, Pennsylvania
 Vail, Washington

Other uses
 Vail (surname)
 Windows Home Server V2 code-named 'Vail'

See also
 Vail Film Festival in Vail Colorado
 Vail Lake in California


The Egg and the Smurfs (original French title L'Œuf et les Schtroumpfs) is the fourth album of the original French-language Smurfs comic series created by Belgian artist Peyo.

Apart from the titular adventure, it contains two other stories: The Fake Smurf and The Hundredth Smurf.

Plots

The Smurfs and the Egg
The annual event known as Smurf Day is due and Papa Smurf suggests that they make a big cake to celebrate. With great excitement, the Smurfs gather the ingredients only to find that they lack an egg. Papa Smurf therefore sends Grouchy Smurf and another Smurf to get one. After going to a lot of trouble to obtain an egg from a nearby farm, the two Smurfs face an equal struggle getting it home, only for Papa Smurf to show that the egg is a fake made of wood.

Setting off to get another egg, the two Smurfs then find one in the middle of the forest. They take it back to the village where the others try in vain to break it. It's even resistant to an axe and a frustrated Smurf expresses the wish to be turned into a hot dog if he cannot break it. When he does strike the egg he is actually turned into a hot dog and the others realise that it is a magical egg that grants them wishes when touched.

Every Smurf uses the egg to make their wishes come true: to be red or yellow-skinned, to become a giant, to have an elephant, money, cakes etc. When two Smurfs argue over who should use it first, they wish all sorts of nasty things upon the other: one Smurf wishes the other to have a big nose, a long tail and be covered in hair; while the other wishes him to have big ears, huge teeth, a long beard and be green-skinned.

As a joke by one of his Smurfs, Papa Smurf has himself been turned into a young and ordinary Smurf while three others have adopted his appearance and claim to be the genuine article. To restore order from the chaos, Papa Smurf goes to the egg and wishes that everything be the way it used to be. Everyone is turned back to normal and, before they can renew their wishes, the egg cracks open revealing a baby chick.

A Smurf reasons that the chick will become a hen and lay magic eggs. He thus sets to work building an enclosure for the chick to live in, feed and water it and keep the place tidy. After all his hard work, however, the Smurf is shattered when the chick grows up to become a non-egg laying rooster.

The Fake Smurf
The Smurfs' sworn enemy, Gargamel, creates a potion that turns him into a Smurf, his plan being to infiltrate their village and destroy them. However, the potion does not fully work since he lacks a tail, so he makes a wooden one and glues it to the back of his pants. He later finds a Smurf who, not knowing who he really is, guides him to the village.

Gargamel sets about plotting to destroy the Smurfs. He tries to mass poison them by intoxicating their midday meal but the Smurfs show no signs of suffering. Gargamel later discovers that he in fact poured the poison into a cauldron containing nothing but dirty laundry.

A bridge over the River Smurf has been completed. Gargamel sabotages it overnight, but the next day, when it is inaugurated, the Smurf walk over it without any trouble. Frustrated, Gargamel himself crosses it, only for the bridge to collapse when he is halfway along. He falls into the river and is rescued. Papa Smurf later discovers evidence of sabotage.

The dunking loosens Gargamel's glued tail which is later found by a Smurf. Realising that there is a false Smurf in their midst, Papa Smurf orders the tails of every Smurf to be pulled for checking. Discovered without a tail, Gargamel rushes to Papa Smurf's laboratory and barricades himself in, announcing his intention to brew a potion that will transform him back into a human and enable him to lay waste to the village. The Smurfs break into the lab just as he is drinking the potion but, although he recovers his looks, Gargamel is still the same size as the Smurfs and is easily taken prisoner.

Begging for mercy, he is tied up with rope and taken outside the village where Papa Smurf approaches him with a knife. Gargamel pleads further, only to find Papa Smurf cutting his ropes and ordering him to leave. Gargamel hastens off, but, once well clear of the village, swears revenge once more.

The Hundredth Smurf
Papa Smurf realises that they are due to perform the Dance of the Moon which is held every 654 years. A hundred Smurfs are required for the ceremony but there are only 99 Smurfs in the village and Papa Smurf is at a loss as to how to make up the required number.

Meanwhile, Vanity Smurf decides to make himself a large mirror. Since the process of hammering and polishing the required sheet of metal proves to be unbearably noisy, and he insists on working through the night, the other Smurfs demand that he continue in the forest. Vanity finishes his mirror but is then caught in a storm. Sheltering under a tree, he is admiring himself in his new mirror when it is struck by lightning. The mirror disappears but Vanity's reflection has come to life!

The reflection does and says the same things as Vanity: the only problem being that his physical actions are still those of a mirror image and he speaks in reverse. They thus both hurry back to the village. Papa Smurf thinks the reflection is the hundredth Smurf he needs for the Dance of the Moon, but the reflection sings and dances backwards which ruins the rehearsals. Papa Smurf's attempts to make him act like a normal Smurf are in vain.

Vanity takes the reflection back to his house but since they do the same things at the same time they end up having to squeeze through the door, eat from the same bowl, sleep in the same bed (which results in a sleepless night) and use the same towel, which is ripped by both Smurfs pulling at it. This series of incidents causes them to fight but then the reflection hits the wall and is knocked unconscious by a cauldron falling from the shelf above him.

Vanity takes advantage to lock his double outside the house. Their synchronism has now been broken and the reflection is now able to move around of his own accord. However, he still speaks in reverse and cannot fit in with the rest of the village. Sad and lonely, he wanders the forest where he finds the mirror from which he came from. The reflection tries to re-enter the mirror but instead goes right through it. However, he has now reflected again, becoming a real Smurf who can act and speak normally. He is thus made welcome by the other Smurfs.

Relieved, Papa Smurf returns home only to find a double of himself talking in gibberish and performing the same actions as him. He is horrified at the idea that they are now 101 Smurfs, but, on closer inspection, discovers that it is in fact Jokey Smurf in disguise. Papa Smurf kicks him out of his house. That night, the Dance of the Moon is held as a double celebration.

Revelations made in the stories
In the original French version of The Egg and the Smurfs, it's revealed that Grouchy Smurf's moody and unsociable personality is due to the lasting effects of the fly that stung him in The Black Smurfs.

Publication history
The three stories were published in Spirou magazine between 1960 and 1962 and appeared together in book form in 1968.

English versions of the book were published by Dupuis in Canada, Random House in the United States and Hodder & Stoughton in the UK. These publications only included the stories The Egg and the Smurfs and The Hundredth Smurf.

In other media
All three stories were animated, but with notable changes in the storylines:

In the animated version of The Egg and the Smurfs (The Magic Egg), the magic egg is a creation of Gargamel which is stolen and lost by Bigmouth the ogre. After the chaos it causes (Including Papa Smurf turning into a monkey and Clumsy turning into a giant thanks to Brainy, Handy and Poet all wishing to be like Papa Smurf), Papa Smurf gets rid of the egg simply by wishing it to disappear. Later, Jokey Smurf "finds" it again and all the Smurfs hover around it, trying to make wishes, only for the egg to explode in their faces, Jokey having made a fake magic egg and placed firecrackers and other explosives inside it.
Also in The Magic Egg, Hefty Smurf turns into a sausage instead of a hot dog after hitting the magic egg with a mallet.
In the animated version of The Fake Smurf it is the witch Hogatha, rather than Gargamel, who becomes the false Smurf.
In the animated version of The Hundredth Smurf, the Dance is part of a ritual to prevent the village from facing a hundred years of bad luck, symptoms of which are already taking effect. A hundred Smurfs are still required, however, and the reflection becomes a regular Smurf when he and the mirror are again struck by lightning.
Smurfette appears in all three adaptations, unlike the originals.

See also
Characters in The Smurfs

References

The Smurfs books


The Central and Western Heritage Trail is a Heritage Trail in Hong Kong, that was designed by the Antiquities and Monuments Office of the Leisure and Cultural Services Department.

It covers the Central and Western District of Hong Kong and consists of 3 parts:
 The Central Route (3 sections)
 The Sheung Wan Route (2 sections)
 The Western District and the Peak Route (2 sections)

The Central Route

Section A

Section B

Section C

The Sheung Wan Route

Section B

Section A

The Western District and the Peak Route
Western District comprises three small districts namely Sai Ying Pun, Shek Tong Tsui and Kennedy Town.

Section A

Section B

See also

References

External links

 The Central Route
 The Sheung Wan Route
 The Western District and the Peak Route

Heritage conservation in Hong Kong
Monuments and memorials in Hong Kong
Central and Western District, Hong Kong
Heritage trails


Steinway Lyngdorf is a brand name of high-end audio systems produced by Steinway & Sons and Lyngdorf Audio. In 2007 the first music system was created: "Steinway Lyngdorf Model D" with a cost of $150,000US, although, as of November 2014, this had been increased to $228,000. The Steinway Lyngdorf Model D was co-designed by design studio Jacob Jensen Design.

History
Lyngdorf Audio is a Danish audio system company founded in Denmark in 2005 by Peter Lyngdorf. It's currently managed by director Thomas Birkelund. The company produces audio systems including loudspeakers and amplifiers. In 2007, piano maker Steinway & Sons gave the company exclusive rights to manufacture audio systems under the name Steinway Lyngdorf.

Products

The goal was to be able to reproduce the sound of a Steinway grand piano so precisely that pianists could not tell whether they were listening to a real piano or a recording. Furthermore, it was hoped that the sound could be compared with the experience of a live symphony or concert. The product's exterior is inspired by the look of Steinway grand pianos and their traditional lacquered satin-black color, although it is now possible to select a custom finish.

Steinway Lyngdorf are the world's first systems with digital audio fully integrated. The systems include an advanced version of Lyngdorf's technological invention "RoomPerfect", which, the company claims, enables the systems to adapt to the acoustic characteristics of any listening environment. The systems are composed of expensive materials, including large quantities of gold, brass and aluminum; e.g. there is more aluminum in one loudspeaker than in an Audi A8. Each loudspeaker weighs 174 kg. The systems are handmade and it takes more than 170 hours to assemble each system.

One of Lyngdorf's technologies is the room acoustics measuring and correction feature, RoomPerfect. With this feature, the audio system corrects the audio so it will fit with the environment, providing optimal sound in two modes. One mode focuses on one single location in the room, resulting in better audio to the listener. The other mode does not focus on any specific location, but optimizes the sound so it will sound the same anywhere in the room.

References

External links
Steinway Lyngdorf website

Lyngdorf
Compact Disc player manufacturers
Loudspeaker manufacturers
Audio equipment manufacturers of Denmark


Emma is a four-part BBC television drama serial adaptation of Jane Austen's 1815 novel Emma. The episodes were written by Sandy Welch, writer of previous BBC costume dramas Jane Eyre and North & South, and directed by Jim O'Hanlon. The serial stars Romola Garai as the titular heroine Emma Woodhouse, Jonny Lee Miller as her loyal lifelong friend Mr. Knightley, and Michael Gambon as Emma's father, Mr. Woodhouse. The serial originally ran weekly on Sunday nights on BBC One from 4 to 25 October 2009.

Plot
For a detailed account of the plot, see main article: Emma (novel)

Austen's classic comic novel follows the story of the "handsome, clever and rich" Emma Woodhouse. Dominating the small provincial world of Highbury, Emma believes she is a skilled matchmaker and repeatedly attempts to pair up her friends and acquaintances. Nothing delights her more than meddling in the love lives of others. But when she takes protégée Harriet Smith under her wing, her interference has a detrimental effect.

Brought up sharply against the folly of her own immaturity, the consequent crisis and her bitter regrets are brought to a happy resolution in a comedy of self-deceit and self-discovery.

Cast and characters

Main
 Romola Garai as Emma Woodhouse: In Austen's opening lines of the novel: "Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her." Emma has no need to marry, being financially independent, but delights in matchmaking those around her — and credits herself with being very good at it – despite Mr. Knightley's scepticism.
 Jonny Lee Miller as Mr. George Knightley: Mr. Knightley is Emma's only social and intellectual equal in Highbury, living at Donwell Abbey, a rambling country estate a short walk from Hartfield. His brother is married to Emma's older sister. He has known Emma since she was born, and there is an easy familiarity between them. He is an individualistic man, quick-witted, with a dry sense of humour — often used in sparring with Emma. But he also has a strong moral compass — and at times he strongly disagrees with Emma over her behaviour.
 Michael Gambon as Mr. Woodhouse: Mr. Woodhouse is described by Austen as a valetudinarian — someone who enjoys ill-health. He lost his wife when his two daughters were very young, and he has developed an extremely nervous disposition. He is a loving and kind father, but he worries constantly. He hardly ever leaves Hartfield, and he hates the thought of Emma ever leaving him. He sees the marriages of Isabella, Emma’s older sister, to Mr. John Knightley, and Miss Taylor, Emma’s beloved governess, to Mr. Weston, as disruptions to the life he leads with them.
 Louise Dylan as Harriet Smith: Harriet is a parlour boarder at Mrs. Goddard's School. She has been sent there by her anonymous father to be educated, because Harriet is his "natural" (illegitimate) daughter. Being a parlour boarder means that she has stayed on at the school to help with the younger girls. She is pretty but not very bright, and she has little prospect of marrying a gentleman. Emma, however, is sure that Harriet's anonymous father must be a gentleman and takes her under her wing.
 Jodhi May as Anne Taylor/Weston: Anne has been Emma's governess since her mother died when Emma was a baby. More like an older sister than a governess, Anne is wise and caring, but devoted to Emma and perhaps a little indulgent. When she marries Mr. Weston, she is worried about leaving Emma on her own at Hartfield.
 Robert Bathurst as Mr. Weston: Mr. Weston is an eternal optimist, despite the fact that his life has not always run smoothly. He married young, to a woman who spent all his money, who was disowned by her family, and then died, leaving him with Frank, his two-year-old son. He agreed to Frank being adopted by his wife's estranged sister, who insisted that he change his name to Frank Churchill. Frank has lived in the lap of luxury ever since.
 Rupert Evans as Frank Churchill: Frank is a ball of energy, charming, mischievous, and spoilt. He has been kept at his manipulative aunt's beck and call for most of his life, and often seems to be called back to her bedside whenever he ventures away — although it is never entirely clear whether this is just a convenient excuse for not visiting Highbury and his father. At his worst, he could be a rogue — and he seems to delight in gossiping about Jane Fairfax.
 Laura Pyper as Jane Fairfax: Jane's parents died when she was a toddler. Her aunt, Miss Bates, and grandmother, Mrs. Bates, sent her from Highbury to live with the Campbells, who could offer greater advantages. Colonel Campbell knew she would be a good companion for his only daughter, Miss Campbell. Ever since, Jane has excelled at everything a girl should, and Miss Bates has bored and irritated Emma with Jane's virtues at every opportunity. Now Jane has reached the age where she must leave the Campbells and return to Highbury, and find means to make a living, most likely as a governess — however, what is the real reason for her return?
 Tamsin Greig as Miss Bates: Miss Bates is the daughter of the former vicar of Highbury, who died many years ago. She has never married, and now never will. Without a husband to provide an income, she faces ever-increasing poverty. Despite her woes, Miss Bates has a perennially cheerful disposition. She fills any silence with incessant talk.
 Valerie Lilley as Mrs. Bates: Where Miss Bates talks non stop, her aged mother, Mrs. Bates, never speaks. She sits quietly in the corner of the room, or is wheeled from place to place by Miss Bates, revealing very little of what she really thinks of their situation.
 Blake Ritson as Mr. Elton: Mr. Elton is the vicar of Highbury. In the early 19th century, the post of vicar could be given, inherited, or bought, and conferred a certain social status as well as an annual income. Mr. Elton is a dashing young man, aware of his status in the village and his eligibility. He is charming — perhaps, at times, a little too charming, aiming at an advantageous marriage.
 Christina Cole as Augusta Elton: Mrs. Elton is rich, and a good catch for Mr. Elton in many ways. However she is also vulgar and interfering, and one-upmanship is second nature to her. She arrives in Highbury keen to prove her social standing, and immediately puts Emma's nose out of joint.

Recurring
 Dan Fredenburgh as John Knightley
 Poppy Miller as Isabella Knightley
 Jefferson Hall as Robert Martin
 Veronica Roberts as Mrs. Goddard
 Liza Sadovy as Mrs. Cole
 Eileen O'Higgins as Miss Martin 1
 Sarah Ovens as Miss Martin 2
 Susie Trayling as Mrs. Churchill
 Frank Doody as Mr. Dixon
 Amy Loughton as Miss Campbell / Mrs. Dixon

Production
Principal photography commenced with a four-day shoot in the Kent village of Chilham from 14 to 18 April 2009. Production design staff covered several roads with gravel to disguise the 21st-century road markings, and erected a fountain in the village square. Filming occurred from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. every day and was scheduled to coincide with the Easter school holiday to minimise local disruption.

Filming continued at the parish church of St. Mary the Virgin in Send, Surrey on 24 and 28 April, where scenes of a wedding and a Sunday service were completed. Further filming took place at Squerryes Court, Westerham, Kent where many interior scenes were shot.

The scene that shows Emma and Harriet Smith on their way to visit the poor was filmed in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England. The church they pass along the wooded path is St Etheldreda's Church, Hatfield.

Episodes

Critical reception
Reviewing the first episode, Sam Wollaston of The Guardian called it "very good... even if it's not necessary", wishing the BBC would adapt some lesser-known novels rather than churning out the same adaptations again and again. He nevertheless praised the acting, suggesting Garai's "eyes alone deserve a BAFTA" and that Michael Gambon made "a splendid old Mr. Woodhouse".

John Preston of The Telegraph also noted Romola Garai as "particularly good" in the titular role, and noted that while Jim O Hanlon's direction was perhaps a little too "steady and sure" there was still "plenty of sprightliness there too". After the third episode of the series, however, he wrote that "[it] was a disaster, becoming ever more coarse and clumsy as it went on. The narration was obtrusive, the charm next to non-existent and the secondary characters insufficiently delineated." Emma he deemed "too bovine, too cocksure" in order for her to be truly in doubt. He did not find that Jonny Lee Miller, "who could have been a first-class Mr Knightley, was given enough screen time to make an impact". He concluded: "Contrivance ha[d] taken over. Sprightliness ha[d] disappeared. The soufflé ha[d] fallen."

Tom Sutcliffe of The Independent wrote in a review that "the primary-colour brightness seems to have carried over into some the performances." He found that Garai "[did]n't capture the sense of frustrated intelligence that makes Emma bearable on the page", but blamed the script for it. He also saw a casting problem with Emma and Knightley in the sense that Miller "still carrie[d] too much of the seductive bad boy about him" so that he was not convincing as a "surprising love object", and "that threatens one of the novel's great achievements, which is to educate us alongside its heroine."

Some critics also noted the dip in ratings following the first episode. In The Independent, Jonathon Brown observed that while "the critics have given it a qualified nod of approval" the second instalment of the serial "pulled in only 3.5 million viewers – down nearly 1 million on the opening episode the previous week – while the third episode saw another 200,000 switch off". He suggests this may be due to the "13 million-strong audience from ITV1's all-conquering X Factor" which had launched a Sunday night results show for the first time, or that "the days of bonnet and bustle are [simply] over".

Accolades

Soundtrack
The original soundtrack with music composed by Samuel Sim was released on 8 December 2009 and features numerous themes featured in the series, including music from the dance sequences during the ball at the Crown Inn. A track listing for the album is as follows:

 "Emma Main Titles"
 "Emma Woodhouse Was Borne"
 "Expansion Project"
 "Rescued from the Gypsies"
 "A Ball"
 "Knightley's Walk"
 "Dolls"
 "The World Has Left Us Behind"
 "Arrival of Little Knightley"
 "Donwell Dancing Again"
 "Superior Men"
 "Matchmaker"
 "Walk of Shame"
 "Playing Harriet"
 "Without Suspicion"
 "Frank Is Free"
 "Mr. Elton"
 "Blind Endeavours"
 "The Last Dance"
 "Lost and Found"
 "Only People We Like"
 "The Ship's Cook"
 "Cliff Tops"
 "Secrets"
 "It's Snowing and Heavily"
 "The Seaside"
 "Love Story"
 "Most Ardently In Love"

References

External links

 Emma – Behind the Scenes – BBC One. Video on BBC's YouTube channel

 Emma at PBS Online
 Filming of Jane Austen's Emma For BBC1 — photograph set on Flickr
 Romola Garai as Emma Woodhouse photos
 Emma CD soundtrack information

2009 British television series debuts
2009 British television series endings
2000s British drama television series
BBC high definition shows
BBC television dramas
2000s British television miniseries
Costume drama television series
Television series set in the 19th century
English-language television shows
Television series based on Emma (novel)
Television shows set in England
2000s British romance television series


Sultangazi is municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 37 km2, and its population is 542,531 (2022). To the west are the neighbourhoods of Esenler and Başakşehir, Gaziosmanpaşa is to the south and Eyüpsultan is to the north and east. One border of the district is formed by the TEM highway.

In 2008 the district Sultangazi was created from parts of the districts Gaziosmanpaşa, Eyüpsultan and Esenler. The name of "Sultangazi" comes from "Sultan" word part of Sultançiftliği (meaning farm of the Sultan) and the neighbourhood of Gazi, with "gazi" the Turkish for a venerated veteran of war.

This district's population comprises many ethnic minorities, including immigrants from Bulgaria and the former Yugoslavia, the Black Sea region of Turkey, Kurds and Alevis, as well as Turks. Kurdish minority and Alevi people are mostly found in the Gazi neighbourhood, which has become infamous in Turkey after the 1995 riots.

Composition
There are 15 neighbourhoods in Sultangazi District:

 50. Yıl
 75. Yıl
 Cebeci
 Cumhuriyet
 Esentepe
 Eski Habipler
 Gazi
 Habibler
 İsmet Paşa
 Malkoçoğlu
 Sultançiftliği
 Uğur Mumcu
 Yayla
 Yunus Emre
 Zübeyde Hanım

See also
 1995 Gazi Quarter riots

References

Populated places in Istanbul Province
2008 establishments in Turkey
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Districts of Istanbul Province


Charles Wetmore may refer to:

People
 Charles Wetmore (winemaker), American vintner and founder of Cresta Blanca Winery
 Charles D. Wetmore, partner of architectural firm Warren and Wetmore

Other
 SS Charles W. Wetmore, a whaleback freighter

Wetmore, Charles


Tiny Core Linux (TCL) is a minimal Linux kernel based operating system focusing on providing a base system using BusyBox and FLTK. It was developed by Robert Shingledecker, who was previously the lead developer of Damn Small Linux. The distribution is notable for its small size (11 to 16 MB) and minimalism; additional functions are provided by extensions. Tiny Core Linux is free and open-source software licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2.

Types

 Tiny Core (16 MB) is the recommended option for new users who have a wired network connection. It includes the base Core system and a dynamic FLTK/FLWM graphical user interface.
 Core (11 MB) (also known as "Micro Core Linux") is a smaller variant of Tiny Core without a graphical desktop, though additional extensions can be added to create a system with a graphical desktop environment.
 dCore (12 MB) is a core made from Debian or Ubuntu compatible files that uses import and the SCE package format, a self-contained package format for the Tiny Core distribution since 5.x series.
 CorePure64 is a notable port of "Core" to the x86_64 architecture.
 Core Plus (106 MB) is "an installation image and not the distribution". It is composed of Tiny Core with additional functionality, most notably wireless support and non-US keyboard support.
 piCore is the Raspberry Pi port of "Core".

System requirements
Minimal configuration:
Tiny Core needs at least 46 MB of RAM in order to run, and (micro) Core requires at least 28 MB of RAM. The minimum CPU is an i486DX.

Recommended configuration:
A Pentium II CPU and 128 MB of RAM are recommended for Tiny Core.

Design philosophy
The developers describe TCL as "a nomadic ultra small graphical desktop operating system capable of booting from cdrom, pendrive, or frugally from a hard drive." As of version 2.8.1, the core is designed to run primarily in RAM but with three distinct modes of operation:
 "Cloud" or Internet mode — A "testdrive" mode using a built-in appbrowser GUI to explore extensions from an online application extension repository loaded into RAM only for the current session.
 TCE/Install — A mode for Tiny Core Extensions downloaded and run from a storage partition but kept as symbolic links in RAM.
 TCE/CopyFS — A mode which installs applications onto a Linux partition like a more typical Linux installation.

Release history

See also

 Comparison of Linux live distributions
 Lightweight Linux distribution
 List of Linux distributions that run from RAM
 Telikin

References

External links

 .

Light-weight Linux distributions
Lightweight Unix-like systems
Linux distributions
Linux distributions without systemd
Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media
Independent Linux distributions


Ernst Max Cohn (March 31, 1920 – December 30, 2004), was a multi-lingual philatelic researcher and expert from Alabama, who advocated re-researching original philatelic sources rather than relying on subsequent published philatelic literature.

Collecting interests
Cohn was particularly interested in the siege mail of the Franco-German War of 1870–71 although his collecting interests were previously more widespread.

Philatelic literature
Ernst Cohn authored a number of books during his philatelic career, including: Die “Papillons” von Metz (1976), The Flight of the “Ville d’Orleans (1978), Ordinary Mail by Diplomatic Means (1995), Unusual Mail in Occupied France 1870–1871 (2000), and A Book of Postal History (1988) which contained many of his articles he had previously written for The American Philatelist.

Philatelic activity
Cohn was a member of the most important philatelic societies in the United States, France, Belgium and the United Kingdom. At the American Philatelic Society, he served a number of posts, including representative to the FIP Postal History Commission and on the Postal History Committee. At the Postal History Society he held a number of posts including president and associate editor.

Honors and awards
Ernst Cohn was awarded the Luff Award for distinguished philatelic research in 1995 and the Lichtenstein award for distinguished service to philately in 2004. He received recognition for his work from the American Philatelic Congress, the Fédération Internationale des Sociétés Aérophilatéliques (FISA), the Fédération Internationale de Philatélie (FIP), and others.

He was named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 2006.

References
 Ernst Max Cohn

1920 births
2004 deaths
American philatelists
Writers from Alabama
Place of birth missing
American Philatelic Society


Arnott is an unincorporated community located in Stockton, Portage County, Wisconsin, United States. It is situated at the intersection of County Hwys. B and J.

History

In 1872, the Green Bay and Western Railroad laid tracks through a portion of Arnott. During 1881 and 1882, William Arnott, Joseph Bremmer, and Calvin Richmond canvassed the countryside, raising money to build a railroad depot. The depot and the settlement around it were named after Arnott, a local farmer who served as chairman of the town of Stockton and the Portage County Board and who was elected to the Wisconsin Legislature in 1876.

Geography
Arnott is located in central Wisconsin, approximately four miles east of Plover, four miles south-southwest of Custer, and seven miles west of Amherst (Lat: 44° 27' 26.0", Lon: -89° 26'  48.5").

Economy
Arnott has one tavern, a feed mill, a lawn equipment dealer, and an egg roll factory. It is a stopover for the Tomorrow River Trail, a former railroad grade turned into a walking path and snowmobile trail.

Arnott is near the Wimme Sand & Gravel Pit, Milestone Materials' gravel pit, American Asphalt's Custer Road plant, and a traffic safety/road marking company.

Notable people
 Charles Page, philanthropist

References

External links

Unincorporated communities in Wisconsin
Unincorporated communities in Portage County, Wisconsin


Robert Doyle (27 December 1953 – 26 February 2019) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a central midfielder.

Early life
Doyle was born in Dumbarton in 1953.

Career
Having previously played in Scottish junior football, Doyle signed for English side Barnsley in December 1972. After winning Barnsley's Player of the Year award and being named in the PFA’s Fourth Division team of the season for the 1974–75 season, he signed for Peterborough United in July 1976 for a fee of £20,000. He moved to Blackpool in 1979 for a fee of £110,000, making 49 league appearances and scoring two goals, before joining Portsmouth in December 1980 for a £75,000 fee, winning the Third Division championship in 1983. A move to Hull City followed two years later where he established himself in midfield during the club's promotion bid in 1985-86, before a broken leg in a pre-season friendly against Doncaster Rovers in July 1986 effectively ended his career, with Doyle retiring in 1987.

Later life
Following his retirement, Doyle settled in Peterborough and lived and worked there up until his death. He died on 26 February 2019, at the age of 65.

References

External links
Career Stats

1953 births
2019 deaths
Footballers from Dumbarton
Scottish men's footballers
Barnsley F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Portsmouth F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Men's association football midfielders


KOYM may refer to:

 St. Marys Municipal Airport (ICAO code KOYM)
 KOYM-LP, a low-power radio station (99.7 FM) licensed to serve Houston, Texas, United States


The FAI Cup 2009 was the 89th season of the national football competition of the Republic of Ireland. It began on the weekend ending 26 April 2009 and ended on 22 November 2009 with the final taking place for the first time at Tallaght Stadium. The winner - Sporting Fingal - earned spots in both the second qualifying round of the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League and the 2010 Setanta Sports Cup.

First round

The first round matches were played on the weekend ending 26 April 2009.

First Round Replays

The matches were played on the weekend ending 3 May 2009.

Second round

The matches were played on the weekend ending 24 May 2009.

Second round replay

The match was played on 31 May 2009.

Third round

The matches were played between 9 and 14 June 2009.

Third round replays

The matches were played between 15 and 17 June 2009.

Fourth round

The matches were played the weekend ending 16 August 2009.

Fourth Round Replays

The matches were played between 18 August and 7 September 2009.

Quarter finals

The matches were played between 11–12 September 2009.

Quarter Final Replays

The matches were played on Tuesday 15 September 2009.

Semi finals
The semi-final draw took place on Monday, 21 September.

Final

References

External links
 Official website
 Results on rte.ie

2009
2


The houndfish (Tylosurus crocodilus) is a game fish of the family Belonidae. It is the largest member of its family, growing up to  in length and  in weight.  It is also often called the crocodile needlefish.

Description
While the houndfish has no spines, its  dorsal fin has 21–25 soft rays, and its anal fin has 19–22. They are also known to have 80–86 vertebrae. A key way of distinguishing the houndfish from other members of the genus Tylosurus is that the houndfish's teeth point anteriorly when the fish is a juvenile. The teeth of other species are straight at all ages. The houndfish also has a more stout, cylindrical body and a shorter head than other needlefishes. They have dark blue backs and silver-white sides and are plain white ventrally. A houndfish has a distinct keel on the caudal peduncle, and the caudal fin itself is deeply forked. Juvenile houndfish possess an elevated, black lobe on the posterior of their dorsal fins. The longest recorded houndfish was , and the largest recorded weight was .

Taxonomy
Two subspecies of the houndfish were recognised:

Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821)
Tylosurus crocodilus fodiator Jordan & Gilbert 1882

However, Fishbase now recognises T.c. fodiator as a valid species, Tylosurus fodiator, the Mexican needlefish.

The houndfish was described as Belona crocodila by François Péron and Charles Alexandre Lesueur in 1821 with the type locality given as Mauritius.

Distribution and habitat

In the Indian and Pacific Oceans, houndfish are found in the Red Sea and from the coast of South Africa, east to French Polynesia, and north to Japan, and south to New South Wales, Australia. The houndfish is replaced by the Mexican needlefish, in the eastern Pacific. Houndfish are known from New Jersey to Brazil in the west Atlantic, and in the east, they are found from Fernando Poo, Cameroon, and Liberia to Ascension Island. Houndfish can also be found near Guinea, Senegal and Cape Verde. It has been recorded in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, having moved from the Red Sea via the Suez Canal as part of the Lessepsian migration.

A pelagic animal, houndfish can be found over lagoons and seaward reefs either as individuals or small groups, where they feed mainly on smaller fishes. Houndfish lay eggs which attach themselves to objects in the water via tendrils on the surface of each egg

Relationship to humans

Houndfish are considered to be gamefish, and can be caught by use of artificial lights, in a similar manner to other needlefishes. Although houndfish are considered good to eat, and are usually sold fresh, the market for them is small because their flesh has a greenish colour similar to that of the flat needlefish. The IGFA world record stands at 4.88 kg (10 lbs 12 oz) and was caught off Goulding Cay, Bahamas in 2013 by angler Daniel John Leonard using a live pilchard as bait.

Houndfish are considered to be dangerous, and are feared by fishermen because of their size and tendency to leap out of the water, causing puncture wounds with their beaks, when frightened or attracted to the lights used to catch them. In April 2000, a woman snorkeling in the Florida Keys was severely injured when she was stabbed in the neck by a houndfish that leapt out of the water. In October, 2010 an ocean-kayaker was injured when she was struck in the back (and was treated for a collapsed lung) by the beak of a houndfish that jumped out of the water near her boat.

References

External links

Discoverlife.org
zipcodezoo
ITIS
Fishbase on T. c. crocodilus
Fisbase on T. c. fodiator
WhatsThatFish.com
Leaping fish spears kayaker off Florida Keys: 10/18/10

Tylosurus
Pantropical fish
Taxa named by François Péron
Taxa named by Charles Alexandre Lesueur
Fish described in 1821


KOXC may refer to:

 KOXC-LP, a low-power radio station (107.9 FM) licensed to serve Oxnard, California, United States
 Waterbury–Oxford Airport (ICAO code KOXC)


The Interactive Compilation Interface (ICI) is a plugin system with a high-level compiler-independent and low-level compiler-dependent API to transform current black-box compilers into collaborative modular interactive toolsets. It was developed by Grigori Fursin during MILEPOST project. The ICI framework acts as a "middleware" interface between the compiler and the user-definable plugins. It opens up and reuses the production-quality compiler infrastructure to enable program analysis and instrumentation, fine-grain program optimizations, simple prototyping of new development and research ideas while avoiding building new compilation tools from scratch. For example, it is used in MILEPOST GCC to automate compiler and architecture design and program optimizations based on statistical analysis and machine learning, and predict profitable optimization to improve program execution time, code size and compilation time.

Developments
ICI is now available in mainline GCC since version 4.5

 Collaborative development website
 Google Summer of Code'2009 extensions: enabling fine-grain program optimizations including polyhedral transformations, function level run-time adaptation and collective optimization]
 Development mailing list

Downloads
 ICI 2.0 - released for GCC in May, 2009.
 ICI 1.0 - released for GCC in 2008.
 ICI beta - developed for GCC in 2006–2008.
 ICI beta - developed for Open64/PathScale compilers in 2004–2006.

References

Interfaces