A ship sponsor, by tradition, is a female civilian who is invited to "sponsor" a vessel, presumably to bestow good luck and divine protection over the seagoing vessel and all that sail aboard. In the United States Navy and the United States Coast Guard the sponsor is technically considered a permanent member of the ship's crew and is expected to give a part of her personality to the ship, as well as advocate for its continued service and well-being. For passenger ships the sponsor is called a godmother if the sponsor is female, or a godfather if the sponsor is male.

Passenger ship godparents

Carnival Cruise Lines
Carnival Breeze – Tracey Wilson Mourning
Carnival Conquest – Lindy Boggs
Carnival Dream – Marcia Gay Harden
Carnival Ecstasy – Kathy Lee Gifford
Carnival Elation – Shari Arison
Carnival Fantasy – Tellervo Koivisto
Carnival Fascination – Jeanne Farcus
Carnival Freedom – Kathy Ireland
Carnival Glory – Dr. Sally Ride
Carnival Horizon – Queen Latifah
Carnival Imagination – Jodi Dickinson
Carnival Inspiration – Mary Ann Shula
Carnival Legend – Judi Dench
Carnival Liberty – Mira Sorvino
Carnival Magic – Lindsay Wilkerson
Carnival Miracle – Jessica Lynch
Carnival Panorama – Vanna White
Carnival Paradise – Paula Zahn
Carnival Pride – Tamara Jernigan
Carnival Sensation – Vicki L. Freed, Roberta Jacoby, Cherie Weinstein, Geri Donnelly
Carnival Splendor – Myleene Klass
Carnival Spirit – Elizabeth Dole
Carnival Sunrise – Kelly Arison
Carnival Sunshine – Lin Arison
Carnival Valor – Katie Couric
Carnival Venezia - Jay Leno
Carnival Vista – Kye Heald, first Godchild for Carnival
Carnival Victory – Mary Frank

Disney Cruise Line
Disney Magic – Patricia Disney
Disney Wonder – Tinkerbell
Disney Dream – Jennifer Hudson
Disney Fantasy – Mariah Carey
Disney Wish – Make-A-Wish children

Holland America Line
MS Nieuw Amsterdam – Queen Máxima of the Netherlands
MS Volendam – Chris Evert
MS Zaandam – Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen
MS Nieuw Statendam - Oprah Winfrey

Norwegian Cruise Line
Norwegian Bliss – Elvis Duran
Norwegian Breakaway – The Rockettes
Norwegian Dawn – Kim Cattrall
Norwegian Encore - Kelly Clarkson
Norwegian Epic – Reba McEntire
Norwegian Escape – Pitbull
Norwegian Gem – Cindy Cardella
Norwegian Getaway – Miami Dolphins Cheerleaders
Norwegian Jewel – Melania Trump
Norwegian Joy – Wang Leehom
Norwegian Pearl – Rosie O'Donnell
Norwegian Star – Brooke Burke
Norwegian Sun – Angela Baraquio
Pride of Aloha – Margaret Awamura Inouye
Pride of America – Elaine L. Chao

Princess Cruises
Caribbean Princess – Jill Whelan
Coral Princess – Mireya Moscoso
Crown Princess – Martha Stewart
Diamond Princess – Yoshiko Tsukuda
Emerald Princess – Florence Henderson, Susan Olsen, Marion Ross and Erin Moran
Island Princess – Jamie Sale and David Pelletier
Regal Princess – Gavin MacLeod, Fred Grandy, Ted Lange, Bernie Kopell, Lauren Tewes and Jill Whelan
Royal Princess – Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge
Ruby Princess – Trista Sutter and Ryan Sutter

Royal Caribbean International
MV Adventure of the Seas – Tara Stackpole (FDNY), Kevin Hannafin (FDNY), Margaret McDonnell (NYPD), Sgt. Richard Lucas (NYPD); chosen in honor of the numerous casualties suffered by the FDNY and the NYPD in the September 11 attacks
MV Allure of the Seas – Princess Fiona
MV Anthem of the Seas – Emma Wilby
MV Brilliance of the Seas – Marilyn Ofer
MV Empress of the Seas – Gloria Estefan
MV Enchantment of the Seas – Colleen Fain, wife of Richard Fain
MV Explorer of the Seas – Jackie Joyner-Kersee
MV Freedom of the Seas – Katherine Louise Calder
MV Grandeur of the Seas – Aviva Ofer, wife of Sammy Ofer and mother of Eyal Ofer, a member of Royal Caribbean's Board of Directors
MV Independence of the Seas – Elizabeth Hill
MV Harmony of the Seas – Brittany Affolter
MV Jewel of the Seas – Kathy Mellor, 2004 US National Teacher of the Year
MV Legend of the Seas – Cindy Pritzker, wife of Jay Pritzker
MV Liberty of the Seas – Donnalea Madeley
MV Majesty of the Seas – Queen Sonja of Norway
MV Mariner of the Seas – Jean Driscoll
MV Monarch of the Seas – Lauren Bacall
MV Navigator of the Seas – Steffi Graf
MV Oasis of the Seas – Gloria Estefan, Michelle Kwan, Jane Seymour, Dara Torres, Keshia Knight Pulliam, Shawn Johnson, Daisy Fuentes
MV Ovation of the Seas – Fan Bingbing
MV Quantum of the Seas – Kristin Chenoweth
MV Radiance of the Seas – Margot L. Pritzker, wife of Royal Caribbean board member Thomas J. Pritzker
MV Rhapsody of the Seas – Bodil Wilhelmsen, wife of Royal Caribbean principal shareholder Gjert Wilhelmsen
MV Serenade of the Seas – Whoopi Goldberg
MV Sovereign of the Seas- Former First Lady Rosalynn Carter
MV Splendour of the Seas – Lise Wilhelmsen, wife of Board member Arne Wilhelmsen
MV Symphony of the Seas – Carlos and Alexa PenaVega
MV Vision of the Seas – Helen Morin Stephan (wife of Royal Caribbean's founder and Vice Chairman Edwin Stephan)
MV Voyager of the Seas – Katarina Witt

Celebrity Cruises
Celebrity Apex - Reshma Saujani, founder and CEO of international non-profit Girls Who Code
Celebrity Eclipse - Emma Pontin
Celebrity Edge - Malala Yousafzai, Nobel Laureate
Celebrity Equinox - Nina Barough, founder of UK-based breast cancer charity Walk the Walk
Celebrity Flora - Yolanda Kakabadse
Celebrity Reflection - Jovanka Goronjic, Megan Mathie, Helen O'Connell, and Rosey Rodriguez, Four employees who support breast cancer causes
Celebrity Silhouette - Michelle Morgan
Celebrity Solstice – Professor Sharon L. Smith

See also
 Ceremonial ship launching (christening)

References

2. Carnival Cruise Lines News." Carnival Cruise Lines News Ship Fact Sheets Category. N.p., 2012. Web. 26 Apr. 2013.
3. "Royal Princess (2013)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Apr. 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2013.
4. "Godmothers of Princess Ships." Www.princess.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2013.
5. Princess Cruises Ship Christeners : Princess Cruises." Www.princess.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2013.

Maritime transport
Superstitions


Olga Valeryevna Serejnikova (, ; born 21 September 1978) is a Belarusian model,  National Beauty School manager and art director.

Biography
On September 21, 1978, Serejnikova was born in Minsk, Belarus. As a child she enjoyed dancing, painting, and designing. When she was 15 years old, she started working in a model agency in Minsk. After finishing school, she was certified as an economist, and worked in that profession.

Serejnikova, with her atypical for Belarus, rather exotic appearance, attracts mass-media attention: she gives interviews, shoots for magazine covers, and participates as a member of the jury in beauty pageants.

Beauty contests
 In 2002 Serejnikova won the "Miss Photo" title at the  "Miss Belarus" national beauty contest.
 She was given "Audience Choice Award" from the First National TV-Channel.
 In 2003 she represented Belarus in the international beauty pageant "Miss Europe" in Paris. During the 30 days she spent in Paris, she was photographed for the French ELLE and modelled in the Chopard jewelry show.

National Beauty School
In 2003 Olga became the head of the National Beauty School, having become the organizer of Miss Belarus, the National Beauty Contest, and Miss Minsk.

References

External links
 National Beauty School website

1978 births
Living people
Models from Minsk
Belarusian female models
Belarusian beauty pageant winners


Annabel Kosten (born 23 May 1977) is a retired freestyle swimmer from the Netherlands, who won the bronze medal with the Dutch women's 4×100 m freestyle relay team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.

Career
Kosten made her international debut at the European LC Championships 2000 in Helsinki, Finland where she ended fifth in the 4×100 meter freestyle relay, she did so alongside Thamar Henneken, Chantal Groot and Wilma van Hofwegen. At the European Short Course Swimming Championships 2001 in Antwerp, Belgium she won the silver medal in the 4×50 meter freestyle, together with Suze Valen, Hinkelien Schreuder and Inge de Bruijn. She ended fourth in 4×50 meter freestyle at the European Short Course Swimming Championships 2002 in Riesa, Germany alongside Marleen Veldhuis, Suze Valen and Chantal Groot.

2003-2005
At the 2003 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, Spain Kosten teamed up with Manon van Rooijen, Marleen Veldhuis and Chantal Groot for the 4×100 meter freestyle relay, in which they reached the fourth position. She became European champion in the 4×50 meter freestyle relay at the European Short Course Swimming Championships 2003 in Dublin, Ireland together with Hinkelien Schreuder, Chantal Groot and Marleen Veldhuis. At the European LC Championships 2004 in Madrid, Spain she took home the silver of the 4×100 meter freestyle relay, her teammates were Chantal Groot, Inge Dekker and Marleen Veldhuis. At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece Kosten swam in the heats of the 4×100 meter freestyle relay alongside Inge Dekker, Marleen Veldhuis and Chantal Groot. In the final she was replaced by Inge de Bruijn, who won the bronze medal together with the three other girls, afterwards Kosten received the bronze medal for her heat swim. After the national championships in April 2005 Kosten retired from competitive swimming.

Personal bests

References

1977 births
Living people
Olympic bronze medalists for the Netherlands
Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
Olympic swimmers for the Netherlands
People from Sluis
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Dutch female freestyle swimmers
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Zeeland
21st-century Dutch women


AEBN, short for Adult Entertainment Broadcast Network, is an Internet pornography company that specializes in delivering material through streaming video in a video on demand format. Subsidiaries include PornoTube.

History
AEBN was formed in 1999. At the time, video-streaming technology was still in its infancy. AEBN developed and launched an adult Video-on-Demand service that now serves as a widely recognized model of content delivery for the adult industry. AEBN's pay-per-minute model is a standard in online pornography. In 2004, AEBN began offering its theater templates in languages other than English.

Headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, AEBN offers more than 100,000 titles and includes material from at least 1,500 different studios with 10 million subscribers worldwide, as of 2011.

Studio and other acquisitions

In January 2007, AEBN announced a merger with NakedSword.com, one of the largest gay Internet pornography companies on the Web. The merger gave AEBN a windfall of gay content from studios such as COLT and Falcon, as well as a strong brand name in the gay market. NakedSword retained its separate headquarters in San Francisco, California, giving AEBN offices on both the east and west coasts.

In 2009, AEBN merged with another gay adult company, Raging Stallion Studios, and its sister label, Pistol Media. The merger also included Pistol Media's Gunzblazing affiliate program. Raging Stallion Studios is also based in San Francisco and is one of the world's largest producers of gay adult films.

On December 19, 2010, AEBN purchased Falcon Studios for an undisclosed sum.

AEBN merged Falcon Studios and Raging Stallion, although the company said that both brands would remain distinct and AEBN's output would remain constant at 60 DVD titles per year, with 40 originating from Raging Stallion. Falcon CEO James Hansen would remain with the company as the chief financial officer of Falcon Studios.

Other ventures

AEBN launched Xobile in April 2005. Xobile made adult material available on mobile devices. Xobile was known for its "PornMyPortable" campaign, which offered adult material specifically made to work with mobile entertainment devices like the iPod and Sony's PSP. On March 5, 2010, AEBN announced the relaunch of its Xobile mobile porn platform that included a "massive redesign."

AEBN announced plans to host the first annual VOD Awards in 2005. The awards' winners are chosen based on the viewing habits of the sites' users and on per-minute sales in theaters during the preceding calendar year.

Early in 2006, AEBN started xPeeps.com, an x-rated dating site that garnered 300,000 users in its first eight months. In 2007, AEBN created a dating site similar to xPeeps but specifically for the fetish community called SocialKink.com.

In 2008 AEBN debuted a product called RealTouch, a sleeve fitted with "belts, jets, heating elements and other gadgetry" that fits over the penis and synchronizes sensations to a specially produced online video. Representatives for the company demonstrated the device at the 2009 AVN Adult Entertainment Expo in Las Vegas and it was released in November 2009.

Awards

VOD Awards
Since 2006 AEBN has its own award program to acknowledge videos, performers, and studios based on their popularity as selected by their customer base. The awards recognize "each year's most popular films and stars based on viewing habits of the millions who visit the company's network of VOD theaters". Nominations are based on sales (measured in minutes of video viewing) for each calendar year. "Customers are the only voters for the VOD Awards," said AEBN's VP of Sales and Marketing, Jerry Anders. "They voted with every minute they watched...".

The awards cover a range of genres along with an award for Studio of the Year. Categories include: Performer of the Year, Best Newcomer, Best Overall Movie, Amateur, BDSM, Feature, International, Lesbian, Series, and Transsexual.

References

External links
 AEBN Website

American erotica and pornography websites
Companies based in Charlotte, North Carolina
American companies established in 1999
1999 establishments in North Carolina


Paramphilius firestonei is a species of loach catfish endemic to Liberia where it is found in the St. Paul, Du and Borlor Rivers.  It reaches a length of 6.1 cm.

References

Amphiliinae
Endemic fauna of Liberia
Freshwater fish of West Africa
Fish described in 1942


"Private Laughter" is Bonnie Pink's twenty-first single from the album Even So. The single was released under the Warner Music Japan label on January 21, 2004.

Track listing
Private Laughter
1・2・3
Maze of Love (Gula Session)
Private Laughter (Instrumental)

Charts

Oricon Sales Chart

2004 singles
2004 songs
Warner Music Japan singles


Paramphilius baudoni is a species of loach catfish found in Cameroon, the Republic of Congo and Gabon.  It reaches a length of 7.5 cm.

References

Amphiliinae
Freshwater fish of Central Africa
Fish described in 1928


L'Infedele was an Italian television talk show hosted by the Italian journalist Gad Lerner and broadcast on La7 from 2002 to 2012.

Telecom Italia Media
Italian television talk shows
Current affairs shows
2002 Italian television series debuts
2000s Italian television series
2010s Italian television series
La7 original programming


Paramphilius teugelsi is a species of loach catfish found in Guinea and Sierra Leone in the Mamou and Kogon Rivers.  It grows to a length of 5.1 cm.

The fish is named in honor of Guy Teugels (1954-2003) who as the curator of fishes at the Musée Royale de l’Afrique Centrale contributed to the further knowledge of West-African freshwater fishes.

References

Amphiliinae
Freshwater fish of West Africa
Taxa named by Paul Harvey Skelton
Fish described in 1989


Cafe Chambord was an American restaurant that served French haute cuisine. Its original owner was Roger Chauveron who opened it in 1936 then sold it in 1950 to move to Deviat Charente, France.

History
The Chambord was opened in 1936. It was located at 803 Third Avenue before moving to 5 East 55th Street in 1963; it closed in August 1964.

Ownership

By the mid-1950s, the Chambord was co-owned by Henry Margolis, a New York entrepreneur and theatrical producer, and his partner Phil Rosen, who ran the restaurant on a daily basis.  Margolis was often seen there entertaining theatrical friends like Orson Welles, Joseph Cotten, Margaret Sullavan and Martin Gabel.

See also
 List of French restaurants

References

Further reading
 Markets and Menus, The New Yorker, March 30, 1957, p. 106. Describes the Chambord's new frozen food line.
 Chambord at Cote Basque Is Closed, The New York Times, August 13, 1964, p. 19. "Le Cafe Chambord at La Côte Basque, one of the most elegant restaurants in Manhattan, has closed its doors."

Defunct French restaurants in Manhattan
Restaurants established in 1936
1964 disestablishments in New York (state)
1936 establishments in New York City
Restaurants disestablished in 1964
Midtown Manhattan


Paramphilius trichomycteroides is a species of loach catfish found in Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Senegal and Sierra Leone.  It grows to a length of 5.9 cm.

References

Amphiliinae
Freshwater fish of West Africa
Fish described in 1907


Workers United is an American and Canadian labor union which represents about 86,000 workers in the apparel, textile, commercial laundry, distribution, food service, hospitality, fitness and non-profit industries. It was established in its current form in 2009 and is affiliated to the Service Employees International Union (SEIU).

History
The union dates its origin as 1900 with the creation of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union and 1914 with the creation of what became the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union. The two unions merged in 1995 to become Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees (UNITE), which in turn merged with Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union (HERE) to form UNITE HERE in 2004. However, many of the locals that had been with UNITE were dissatisfied with the UNITE HERE merger.

After a lengthy and divisive internal leadership struggle within UNITE HERE, the union's then-president Bruce Raynor led 100,000 members of the union's membership (primarily in its apparel division, who had formerly been in UNITE) in disaffiliating from the national union on March 24, 2009, formed a new union called Workers United, and affiliated the union with Service Employees International Union (SEIU). The first president of the new union was Edgar Romney, a former UNITE HERE elected official. On May 30, Bruce Raynor resigned as president of UNITE HERE, Romney resigned as president of Workers United, and Raynor was named Romney's successor.

In May 2009, the New York Daily News reported that Workers United was running a deficit of $300,000 a month, the deficit was expected to widen, that SEIU had loaned the union $1 million to shore up its finances, and that Workers United was considering asking SEIU for $1.3 million a month and suspension of all dues payments in order to keep Workers United solvent. The media later reported that an internal Workers United memo admitted that membership was closer to 100,000 than 150,000 and that membership was falling as employers refused to honor contracts with the union. An SEIU official confirmed that the loan had been made. However, on July 9, 2009, the National Labor Relations Board held that Workers United was the bargaining agent for contracts at five major employers (Continental Linen Services, Premair of Cleveland, Gateway Packaging Co., Associated Hotels Duluth, and American Etc. Inc. d/b/a Royal Laundry).

Workers United won a significant organizing victory in the U.S. apparel manufacturing industry in July 2010. The workers, with the support of state politicians and Hollywood stars, won a contract and successfully pressured the employer to keep the plant open.

SEIU and UNITE HERE agreed to end their dispute on July 25, 2010. As part of the agreement, ownership of the Amalgamated Bank was transferred to Workers United. UNITE HERE retained ownership of the union's headquarters in New York City and an additional $75 million in assets. The agreement also settles a jurisdictional dispute over which workers the unions will organize. UNITE HERE agreed to restrict its organizing in the food service industry to those workers at airline caterers, airports, businesses, convention centers, and athletic stadiums, while SEIU and Workers United would restrict its organizing activity in the industry to food service workers in state and local government, health care facilities, and prisons. Both unions continue to organize food service workers in elementary, middle, and secondary schools and in higher education. The two unions had also disagreed over whether several thousand members of Workers United had been given the opportunity to choose which union they wished to belong.  In the new agreement, SEIU and UNITE HERE agreed to let an arbitrator decide to which union the workers wished to belong to.

Presidents
2009: Edgar Romney
2009: Bruce Raynor
2011: Noel Beasley
2016: Lynne Fox

See also

 Starbucks Workers United

References

External links

Trade unions in the United States
Trade unions established in 2009
Service Employees International Union
Textile and clothing trade unions
International Ladies Garment Workers Union


NH 4A may refer to:

 National Highway 4A (India)
 New Hampshire Route 4A, United States


The Irving Convention and Visitors Bureau (also known as the ICVB) is an independent nonprofit organization which aims to direct individuals traveling to Dallas and Fort Worth for business conventions and for leisure. It is a hospitality industry, which makes $1.5 billion annually. ICVB is funded by Irving's hotel and motel tax collections which includes hundreds of restaurants and 75 hotels which have more than 11,000 rooms. The Irving CVB is not a membership-based organization.

History
Irving was founded in 1903 by J.O. Schulze and Otis Brown, after purchasing  of land which is now Irving. The first two town lots sold in December 1903 at the public auction.

Location
The Irving CVB building is located immediately adjacent to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport alongside Las Colinas. It is located in between Dallas and Fort Worth.

Awards
ICVB received the Gold Service Award from Meetings and Conventions Magazine, the Awards of Excellence from Corporate & Incentive Travel Magazine, and the Successful Meetings' Pinnacle Award.

References
About the Irving CVB
About Irving

External links
Irving CVB Official Website
Irving Chamber of Commerce
Mustangs of Las Colinas
Tourism agencies
Tourism in Texas
1903 establishments in Texas

Non-profit organizations based in Irving, Texas


Welsh art is the traditions in the visual arts associated with Wales and its people. Most art found in, or connected with, Wales is essentially a regional variant of the forms and styles of the rest of the British Isles, a very different situation from that of Welsh literature. The term Art in Wales is often used in the absence of a clear sense of what "Welsh art" is, and to include the very large body of work, especially in landscape art, produced by non-Welsh artists in Wales (or with a Welsh subject) since the later 18th century.

Early history

Prehistoric Wales has left a number of significant finds: Kendrick's Cave, Llandudno contained the Kendrick's Cave Decorated Horse Jaw, "a decorated horse jaw which is not only the oldest known work of art from Wales but also unique among finds of Ice Age art from Europe", and is now in the British Museum.  In 2011 "faint scratchings of a speared reindeer" were found on a cave wall on the Gower peninsula which probably date to 12,000–14,000 BC, placing them among the earliest art found in Britain. The Mold Gold Cape, also in the British Museum, and Banc Ty'nddôl sun-disc in the National Museum of Wales in Cardiff are likewise some of the most important British works of art from the Bronze Age.

Many works of Iron Age Celtic art have been found in Wales. and the finds from the period shortly before and after the Roman conquest, which reached Wales in AD 74-8, are especially significant. Pieces of metalwork from Llyn Cerrig Bach on Anglesey and other sites exemplify the final stages of La Tène style in the British Isles, and the Capel Garmon Firedog is a spectacular luxury piece of ironwork, among the finest in Europe from the period. The Abergavenny Leopard Cup, from the decades after the conquest, was found in 2003, and shows the presence of imported Roman luxury products in Wales, perhaps belonging to a soldier.

In the Early Medieval period, the Celtic Christianity of Wales participated in the Insular art of the British Isles and a number of illuminated manuscripts possibly of Welsh origin survive, of which the 8th century Hereford Gospels and Lichfield Gospels are the most notable.  The 11th century Ricemarch Psalter (now in Dublin) is certainly Welsh, made in St David's, and shows a late Insular style with unusual Viking influence, which is also seen in surviving pieces of metalwork of that period.

There are only fragments of the architecture of the period remaining.  Unlike Irish high cross and Pictish stones, early Welsh standing stones mainly employ geometric patterns and words, rather than figure representation; however, 10th century stones represent Christ and various saints.  Little metalwork survives from the early period of the 5th–9th centuries in Wales. However, archaeological sites at Dinas Powys have revealed various artifacts such as penannular brooches and other pieces of jewellery. Similar brooches have been discovered a site at Penycorddyn-mawr, near Abergele, dating to the 8th century. During this period, the construction of Holy wells was also particularly commonplace in Wales.

Wales has rarely been very prosperous, and the most striking medieval architecture is military, often built by the Normans and English, especially the famous "Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd" and Beaumaris Castle in Anglesey, recognised as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Caerphilly Castle and the castles of the Welsh Prince Llywelyn the Great (such as Criccieth Castle and Dolbadarn Castle). There are a number of impressive monastic ruins; Welsh medieval churches are nearly all relatively modest, including the cathedrals.  They very often had wall-paintings, panel altarpieces and much other religious art, but as in the rest of Britain very little has survived.  Conwy, an English garrison town with its medieval walls almost entirely intact, has a notable example of a 13th-century medieval stone town-house.

The Renaissance in Wales
Peter Lord suggests that the Renaissance began in Wales around 1400. Much of the art produced in this period was created in or for the church. Strata Florida Abbey, for example, retains some of its medieval decorated tiles.

Despite the widespread destruction that took place during the Reformation and later the Commonwealth, a number of Welsh churches retain fragments of medieval stained glass.  These include All Saints' Church, Gresford, St Michael's Church, Caerwys, St Mary's Church, Treuddyn, St Elidan's Church, Llanelidan, Church of St Mary & St Nicholas, Beaumaris, St Gwyddelan's Church, Dolwyddelan, and St David's Cathedral.

Fifteenth-century wall paintings have been uncovered in several Welsh church buildings, including St Cadoc's Church, Llancarfan, St Illtyd's Church, Llantwit Major (which has a painting of Saint Christopher believed to date from around 1400), and St Teilo's Church, Llandeilo Tal-y-bont.  The latter, during its reconstruction at St Fagans National History Museum during the 1990s, was found to contain wall paintings from several different periods, the earliest estimated as being from the first half of the fifteenth century. The wall paintings at Llancarfan are said to be "beyond compare in Wales".

Plas Mawr, a grand Elizabethan town-house in Conwy, built by Robert Wynn, a local man who had been English ambassador to the Holy Roman Emperor, has been extensively restored by Cadw, both inside and out, to reflect its appearance when built in the second half of the sixteenth century.  Wales has numerous country houses from all periods after the Elizabethan, many still containing good portraits, but these were mostly painted in London or on the Continent.

Portraiture
Within Wales, portraiture is not common in the medieval and post-medieval periods, and the Welsh nobility and gentry usually went to London or other English centres to have their portraits painted; many of these remain in Welsh collections. Katheryn of Berain, who claimed Tudor ancestry and earned the nickname "Mam Gymru" ("Mother of Wales") because of her network of relationships and descendants from four marriages, was painted by Adriaen van Cronenburgh, a Dutch painter.  The portrait was commissioned by her husband, Sir Richard Clough, a merchant whose business caused the couple to settle briefly in Antwerp. Clough himself died before he could bring his wife to the new house he had built for her.  Plas Clough, near his home town of Denbigh, includes a Flemish-style crow-stepped gable  The arms of the Holy Sepulchre (Clough had been made a Knight of the Holy Sepulchre earlier in his career) are painted on a plaque, but there are no surviving contemporary portraits of Clough himself.

William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1570), was one of the first Welsh nobles known to have collected paintings on a large scale.  A portrait of him, dating from the 1560s, is held by the National Museum of Wales; it is attributed to Steven van Harwijck, another Dutch artist.

Later, artisan painters such as William Roos and Hugh Hughes began to seek portrait commissions. Roos's 1835 portrait of preacher Christmas Evans is held by the National Museum of Wales, as is Hughes' 1826 portrait of William Jenkins Rees.

Landscapes

The best of the few Welsh artists of the 16th to 18th centuries tended to move elsewhere to work, but in the 18th century the dominance of landscape art in English art brought them motives to stay at home, and brought an influx of artists from outside to paint Welsh scenery, which was "discovered" by artists rather earlier than later landscape hotspots like the English Lake District and the Scottish Highlands.  The Welsh painter Richard Wilson (1714–1782) is arguably the first major British landscapist, but rather more notable for Italian scenes than Welsh ones, although he did paint several on visits from London.

Wilson's  pupil Thomas Jones (1742–1803), has a rather higher status today than in his own time, but mainly for his city scenes painted in Italy, though his The Bard (1774, Cardiff) is a classic work showing the emerging combination of the Celtic Revival and Romanticism.  He returned to live in Wales on inheriting the family estate, but largely stopped painting.  For most visiting artists the main attraction was dramatic mountain scenery, in the new taste for the sublime partly stimulated by Edmund Burke's A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1757), though some earlier works were painted in Wales in this strain.  Early works tended to see the Welsh mountains through the prism of the 17th century Italianate "wild" landscapes of Salvator Rosa and Gaspard Dughet.

By the 1770s a number of guide books had been published, including Joseph Cradock's Letters from Snowdon (1770) and An Account of Some of the Most Romantic Parts of North Wales (1777).  Thomas Pennant wrote Tour in Wales (1778) and Journey to Snowdon (1781/1783); though Welsh himself, Pennant had published a Tour in Scotland first, in 1769.  The first of a series of British tours by another leading promoter of the picturesque, William Gilpin, was Observations on the River Wye and several parts of South Wales, etc. relative chiefly to Picturesque Beauty; made in the summer of the year 1770, but not published until 1782.  Paul Sandby made his first recorded visit to Wales in 1770, later (1773) touring south Wales with Sir Joseph Banks, resulting in the 1775 publication of XII Views in South Wales and a further 12 views the following year, part of a 48-plate series of aquatints of Welsh views commissioned by Banks. This was an early example of many print series and illustrated books on Wales, often as valuable in terms of income to the artists as original works.

What might fifty years earlier have been merely regarded as inconvenience in travel could now be seen as an exciting adventure worth making the subject of a painting, as in Julius Caesar Ibbetson's Phaeton in a Thunderstorm (1798, now Temple Newsam, Leeds) which shows a carriage struggling up a rough mountain road. It has a label on the back by the artist, recording that the incident occurred when he was travelling in Wales with the artist John "Warwick" Smith and the aristocrat Robert Fulke Greville. Ibbetson visited Wales often, and was also one of the first artists to record the Welsh Industrial Revolution, and scenes of Welsh life.

North Wales tended to be more visited; the young watercolourist John Sell Cotman embarked on his "first extended sketching tour" in 1800, starting from Bristol then following "a well-trodden path into the Wye Valley, through Brecknockshire to Llandovery and north to Aberystwyth. In Conway he joined a group of artists gathered around the amateur Sir George Beaumont" perhaps meeting Thomas Girtin there, and continuing to Caernarvon and Llangollen. A second trip followed in 1802; he continued to use motifs from his sketches throughout his career. Other artists often in Wales in this period included Francis Towne, the brothers Cornelius and John Varley and John's pupils Copley Fielding and David Cox (for whose lifelong attachment to Wales see below). Even the caricaturist Thomas Rowlandson visited with Henry Wigstead, a colleague, and they published Remarks on a Tour to North and South Wales, in the Year 1797, an illustrated book.

The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars made continental travel impossible for long periods, increasing the visitors to Wales and other parts of Britain. The young J. M. W. Turner made his first extended tour to South and mid-Wales in 1792, followed by North Wales in 1794, and a seven-week tour of Wales in 1798.  He also visited Yorkshire and Scotland in the 1790s, but was unable to visit Europe until after the Treaty of Amiens in 1802, when he reached the Alps; he did not visit Italy until 1819. Many of his key early works drew on his Welsh travels, although they were painted back in London. His "first large classicising watercolour, a Claudeian view of Caernarvon Castle at sunset" was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1799, along with an oil of the same subject, and the next year he showed another view of the castle, this time with small foreground figures of "a bard singing to his followers of the destruction of Welsh civilization by the invading armies of Edward I", another Claudeian formula that he was to repeat many times in major works for the rest of his career, and was arguably the first large "exhibition watercolour", reaching into the realm of history painting.

Expansion

It remained difficult for artists relying on the Welsh market to support themselves until well into the 20th century. The 1851 census records only 136 people describing their occupation as "artist" out of a population of 945,000, with a further 50 engaged in fine arts-related occupations such as engraving.  An Act of Parliament in 1857 provided for the establishment of a number of art schools throughout the United Kingdom, and the Cardiff School of Art opened in 1865.  Prior to that the annual report for 1855 of the government Science and Art Department shows a list of the larger type of Art School in many British cities, but none in Wales. Under a recently introduced new system "Local Schools of Art" had been established in 1853 in Llanelly and Merthyr, but had already closed; those in Swansea and Carmarthen continued, and Flint had applied to establish a school. There were "Drawing Schools" in Aberdare and  Bangor, but apparently nothing at all in Cardiff. However all these pre-1857 schools, except perhaps Swansea, were mainly teaching school age children, usually in their normal schools, and training in industrial design or teacher-training under the elementary stages of the "South Kensington system".

Graduates of the new fine arts Welsh colleges still very often had to leave Wales to work.  Established artists continued to move in the opposite direction, at least for the summer. David Cox was an English 19th century landscapist who spent much time in Wales, for many years spending the summer based in Betws-y-Coed, a popular centre for artists, including the English Henry Clarence Whaite and the German Hubert von Herkomer, one of whose wives was Welsh.  Landscape continued to be the main focus, although the Welsh artist Charles William Mansel Lewis was among those who painted common working people, with varying measures of realism or picturesqueness. The "Betws-y-Coed artist's colony" was one of the groups forming the Royal Cambrian Academy of Art in 1881; this was always a group for exhibiting rather than a teaching institution, based in Conwy, until 1994 in Plas Mawr (see above).
 The sculptors John Evan Thomas (1810–1873) and Sir William Goscombe John (1860–1952) made many works for Welsh commissions, although they had settled in London. Even Christopher Williams (1873–1934), whose subjects were mostly resolutely Welsh, was based in London. Thomas E. Stephens (1886–1966) and Andrew Vicari (b. 1938) had very successful careers as portraitists based respectively in the United States and France.  Sir Frank Brangwyn was Welsh by origin, but spent little time in Wales.

Perhaps the most famous Welsh-born painters were Augustus John and his sister Gwen John, though they mostly lived in London and Paris; however the landscapists Sir Kyffin Williams (1918–2006) and Peter Prendergast (1946–2007) remained living in Wales for most of their lives, though well in touch with the wider art world. Ceri Richards was very engaged in the Welsh art scene as a teacher in Cardiff, and even after moving to London; he was a figurative painter in international styles including Surrealism. Various artists have moved to Wales, usually the countryside, though paintings of Cardiff of around 1893–97 by the American artist Lionel Walden are in museums in Cardiff and Paris. These included Eric Gill, whose colony included for his most artistically productive period (1924–1927) the London-born Welshman David Jones, and the sculptor Jonah Jones. The Kardomah Gang was an intellectual circle centred on the poet Dylan Thomas and poet and artist Vernon Watkins in Swansea, which also included the painter Alfred Janes; the eponymous cafe was destroyed by a German bomb in 1941.

The situation gradually improved after World War II, with the appearance of new art groups. The South Wales Group was established in 1948 (and continues today as The Welsh Group with membership from across Wales). The group's initial conception was in response to the Royal Cambrian Academy's relatively weak representation from south Wales at the time.
In 1956 when the South Wales Group failed to become a southern Academy, the 56 Group Wales also emerged, with the aim of promoting modern Welsh art beyond Wales' borders.
Also in the industrial valleys the Dowlais Settlement, delivering art classes and activities was established in the 1940s by artists including Heinz Koppel and Arthur Giardelli and the Rhondda Group was formed in the 1950s, a loose group of art students whose most notable member was Ernest Zobole, whose expressionist work was deeply rooted in the juxtaposition of the industrialised buildings of the valleys set against the green hills that surround them.
In the 1970s, Paul Davies formed Beca, a radical Welsh group whose founding was in part a reaction to the drowning of Capel Celyn. Beca used a mixture of artistic expression, including installation, painting, sculpture and performance, engaging with language, environmental and land rights issues.

Decorative arts

South Wales had several notable potteries in the late 18th and 19th centuries, beginning with the Cambrian Pottery (1764–1870, also known as "Swansea pottery") and including Nantgarw Pottery near Cardiff, which was in operation from 1813 to 1822 making fine porcelain, usually painted to a very high standard with flowers, and then utilitarian pottery until 1920.  Portmeirion Pottery (from 1961) has never in fact been made in Wales.

Despite the fact that considerable quantities of silver (in association with lead), and much smaller amounts of gold, were mined in Wales, there was little silversmithing in Wales in the Early Modern period.  It did not help that the Crown gave itself ownership of mines of precious metals, which were largely used for minting currency, some of which was marked with the Prince of Wales's feathers to show its origin.  The Welsh gentry mostly had their silver made in English cities.

Arts and Crafts Movement

The Arts and Crafts movement (c. 1880–1920), with its devotion to the local, gave spark to the development of conceptually independent  and identifiable Welsh art.  Two elements of the movement were particularly amenable to the Welsh arts situation. First, the movement aspired to elevate the applied arts (pottery, furniture, etcetera) to the status of fine art. Second, the development of Romantic nationalism, which drew from the Arts and Crafts Movement via its "advocacy of indigenous design, traditional ways of making objects, and the use of local materials."

In Wales, at least until World War I, a genuine craft tradition still existed. Local materials, stone or clay, continued to be used as a matter of course. Horace W. Elliot, an English gallery owner, visited the Ewenny Pottery (which dated back to the 17th century) in 1885, to both find local pieces and encourage a style compatible with the movement. The pieces he brought back to London for the next twenty years revivified interest in Welsh pottery. The heavy salt glazes used for generations by local craftsmen had gone out of fashion, but the Arts and Crafts Movement  brought new appreciation to their work.

A key promoter of the Arts and Crafts movement in Wales was Owen Morgan Edwards. Edwards was a reforming politician dedicated to renewing Welsh pride by exposing its people to their own language and history. For Edwards, "There is nothing that Wales requires more than an education in the arts and crafts."—though Edwards was more inclined to resurrecting Welsh Nationalism than admiring glazes or rustic integrity.

In architecture, Clough Williams-Ellis sought to renew interest in ancient building, reviving "rammed earth" or pisé construction in Britain. In 1925,  In 1925 he began "his most famous creation, the village of Portmeirion, Merioneth, Wales, a Picturesque composition of individual buildings incorporating Classical details, salvaged fragments, and vernacular elements." His daughter, Susan Williams-Ellis, would found the Portmeirion Pottery in the next generation (although none of this was ever made in Wales).

Contemporary Welsh Art
Today Welsh and Wales based artists, including members of The Welsh Group, the 56 Group Wales, the Royal Cambrian Academy  and artists not affiliated with any particular group, provide a varied contemporary tapestry of art across Wales. From the Abstract Art of Brendan Stuart Burns or Martyn Jones, to the expressive, modern figurative art of Shani Rhys James or Clive Hicks-Jenkins, from the politically charged work of Iwan Bala or Ivor Davies to the Pop Art of Ken Elias. The contemporary art of Wales is noted perhaps more for its variety, rather than having a single set agenda. However, perhaps due to market forces or the inspirational shapes and changing light, the Welsh landscape is still particularly well represented in commercial galleries throughout Wales and beyond, either through the expressive, almost abstract, techniques used by artists like David Tress or the more traditional approaches used by others like Rob Piercy.

Conceptual art in Wales

Conceptual art is represented in Wales with a number of successful artists including Bedwyr Williams and David Garner together with performance artists like the group TRACE, creating and showing work in Wales and beyond. A number of Welsh galleries focus on conceptual art, with the most significant perhaps being Mostyn in north Wales and Chapter Arts Centre and g|39 in south Wales. The Gold Medal at 'Y Lle Celf' in the National Eisteddfod of Wales has seen a notable trend towards more conceptual approaches over the last ten or so years, with Installation work being the usual focal point. The 2003 development of the Artes Mundi prize and Wales's presence at the Venice Biennale has strengthened the country's international reputation for Conceptual and Installation art.

Artes Mundi and Wales at the Venice Biennale

Since 2003 the Artes Mundi biennial art prize has been held at the National Museum Cardiff. The prize is the biggest art prize in the United Kingdom with £40,000 for each year's winner. Though the prize has included artists who use traditional media, like paint, this is usually only part of their practice, with the focus being very much on conceptual approaches. Though the exhibition takes place in Cardiff, the focus is on international artists, with Tim Davies from Pembrokeshire  and Cornwall born Sue Williams being the only Wales based artists to have featured to date.

Also adding to the international flavour in 2003, Wales took part in the Venice Biennale with its own pavilion and has continued to do so ever since, showing work by conceptual Welsh artists including John Cale in 2009, Tim Davies in 2011 and Bedwyr Williams in 2013.

Welsh artists

A selected list; for many more, see :Category:Welsh artists or List of Welsh artists
Barry Flanagan, (1941–2009), sculptor
John Gibson, (1790–1866), sculptor
Nina Hamnett (1890–1956), painter
Augustus John (1878–1961), painter
Gwen John (1876–1939), painter
Sir William Goscombe John (1860–1952), sculptor
David Jones (1895–1974), artist and poet
Thomas Jones (1742–1803), painter
Ceri Richards (1903–1971), painter
Andrew Vicari (born 1938), painter
Kyffin Williams (1918–2006), painter
Richard Wilson (1714–1782), painter

See also
  Architecture of Wales
 Arts Council of Wales
 National Museum of Wales
 Welsh Artist of the Year
 Art in Cardiff
 Art of the United Kingdom
 Celtic art
 Irish art
 Scottish art
 Welsh Eisteddfod Gold Medal winners

References

Sources
Adele M Holcomb, John Sell Cotman, 1978, British Museum Publications /5x
Housley, William. Artists, Wales, Narrative and Devolution, in Devolution and identity, eds John Wilson, Karyn Stapleton, 2006, Ashgate Publishing, , , google books
Morgan, Kenneth O., Rebirth of a Nation: Wales 1880–1980, Volume 6 of History of Wales, Oxford University Press, 1982, , , google books
 Rosenthal, Michael, British Landscape Painting, 1982, Phaidon Press, London
Wakelin, Peter, Creu cymuned o arlunwyr: 50 mlynedd o'r Grŵp Cymreig/Creating an Art Community, 50 Years of the Welsh Group, National Museum of Wales, 1999, , , google books
"1855" – Report of the Department of Science and Art of the Committee of Council on Education: with appendix : presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of Her Majesty, Department of Science and Art, H.M.S.O., 1855, online text
 Andrew Wilton & Anne Lyles, The Great Age of British Watercolours (1750–1880), 1993, Prestel,

Further reading
Lord, Peter, Imaging the nation, Volume 2 of Visual culture of Wales, University of Wales Press, 2000, ,
Lord, Peter, The Betws y Coed Artists' Colony: Clarence Whaite and the Welsh Art World, 2009, Coast and Country Productions Ltd,
Rowan, Eric, Art in Wales: an illustrated history, 1850–1980, Welsh Arts Council, University of Wales Press, 1985,
Alan Torjussen, "A Wales Art Collection – Casgliad Celf Cymru", bilingual art education project for schools and adults (A3 cards, A6 cards, CD Rom), Genesis 2014,  etc.

Alan Torjussen, "Teaching Art in Wales – Dysgu Celf yng Nghymru", bilingual art education project for schools and adults (A3 cards, teachers book, videos), Genesis & University of Wales Press 1997

External links
National Museum of Wales – art

Western art
British art
Art by country


"Last Kiss" is Bonnie Pink's second single from her album Even So. The single was released under the Warner Music Japan label on April 7, 2004. Last Kiss was also used as the ending song of the anime Gantz.

Track listing
"Last Kiss"
"5 More Minutes"
"Last Kiss" (Instrumental)
"I'm in the Mood for Dancing"

Charts

Oricon Sales Chart

Songs about kissing
2004 singles
2004 songs
Anime songs
Bonnie Pink songs
Songs written by Bonnie Pink
Warner Music Japan singles


Nelson was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1890 to 1950.

The district was based in the south-western part of Western Australia, including towns such as Manjimup and Pemberton, and was named for the Nelson land district which formed its original boundaries. It was one of the original 30 seats contested at the 1890 election. In 1898, its major settlement was Bridgetown and it also included the Greenbushes tin fields.

Nelson was abolished at the 1950 election. Its last member, Ernest Hoar of the Labor Party, transferred to the new seat of Warren.

Members

Election results

References

Nelson


|}

The Tied Cottage Chase was a Grade 2 National Hunt steeplechase that takes place in Ireland. It was run at Punchestown Racecourse in late January or early February each year, over a distance of 2 miles with 11 fences. The race was named after Tied Cottage, a National Hunt horse who won the event in 1980.  The race was founded in 1999 and was recently sponsored by Boylesports.

The race was last run in February 2017, as it was replaced by the Dublin Chase at the new Leopardstown Dublin Festival in 2018.

Records
Most successful horse (2 wins):
 Moscow Flyer – 2003, 2005
 Sizing Europe - 2012, 2013

Leading jockey (4 wins):
 Barry Geraghty – Moscow Flyer (2003, 2005), Native Scout (2004), Big Zeb (2010)
 Ruby Walsh - Nickname (2007), Arvika Ligeonniere (2014), Felix Yonger (2016), Douvan (2017)

Leading trainer (4 wins):

 Willie Mullins - Golden Silver (2011), Arvika Ligeonniere (2014), Felix Yonger (2016), Douvan (2017)

Winners

See also
 List of Irish National Hunt races

References

Racing Post:
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , ,

National Hunt races in Ireland
National Hunt chases
Punchestown Racecourse


Loyd Wright (December 24, 1892 – October 22, 1974) was an American attorney and lifetime Californian, who represented a number of movie stars, served as president of the State Bar of California, the American Bar Association, the Los Angeles County Bar Association, and the International Bar Association and was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for the United States Senate from California.

Early life and legal career
Wright was born in San Jacinto, California on December 24, 1892.  He attended the University of Southern California and secured a Bachelor of Laws degree from its law school in 1915.  He began the practice of law, which he would remain in for fifty-five years, in Los Angeles.

Wright became known for his representation of movie actors. He represented Mary Pickford in her divorce suit against Douglas Fairbanks Sr. He also represented Charlie Chaplin, Jack Benny, Mae West and D.W. Griffith. From 1921 to 1936, Wright lectured at U.S.C.'s law school.

Bar officer and commission member
Wright interested himself in bar affairs, and in 1937 became president of the Los Angeles Bar Association, in which capacity he served for a year. In 1940, he served a year as president of the State Bar of California, and in 1955, served a year as president of the American Bar Association. Wright continued the practice of law, representing Jane Wyman in her divorce suit against Ronald Reagan, though Wyman asked Wright to accept $5,000 in settlement of his $7,500 bill.

During World War II, Wright attended the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and then was appointed by the Justice Department as a member of the Board of Appeals in enemy alien hearings.

In 1955, Wright was asked by his friend, Vice President Richard Nixon, to serve as a chairman of the Commission on Government Security. He did, and the Committee recommended a thorough overhaul of government defenses against subversion. Wright served for ten years from 1954 as president of the International Bar Association.

Political run and later life

In 1962, Wright hired Murray Chotiner as his campaign manager and ran for the Republican U.S. Senate nomination, but was handily defeated by incumbent Thomas H. Kuchel.

On October 22, 1974, Wright died in Hemet, California.

References

1892 births
1974 deaths
California lawyers
University of Southern California alumni
USC Gould School of Law alumni
California Republicans
People from San Jacinto, California
20th-century American lawyers


In cosmology, the cosmological constant problem or vacuum catastrophe is the substantial disagreement between the observed values of vacuum energy density (the small value of the cosmological constant) and the much larger theoretical value of zero-point energy suggested by quantum field theory.

Depending on the Planck energy cutoff and other factors, the quantum vacuum energy contribution to the effective cosmological constant is calculated to be between 50 and as much as 120 orders of magnitude greater than observed, a state of affairs described by physicists as "the largest discrepancy between theory and experiment in all of science" and "the worst theoretical prediction in the history of physics".

History
The basic problem of a vacuum energy producing a gravitational effect was identified as early as 1916 by Walther Nernst.
He predicted that the value had to be either zero or very small. In 1926, Wilhelm Lenz concluded that "If one allows waves of the shortest observed wavelengths  cm, ... and if this radiation, converted to material density (), contributed to the curvature of the observable universe – one would obtain a vacuum energy density of such a value that the radius of the observable universe would not reach even to the Moon."

After the development of quantum field theory in the 1940s, the first to address contributions of quantum fluctuations to the cosmological constant was Yakov Zel'dovich in the 1960s. In quantum mechanics, the vacuum itself should experience quantum fluctuations. In general relativity, those quantum fluctuations constitute energy that would add to the cosmological constant. However, this calculated vacuum energy density is many orders of magnitude bigger than the observed cosmological constant. Original estimates of the degree of mismatch were as high as 120 to 122 orders of magnitude; however, modern research suggests that, when Lorentz invariance is taken into account, the degree of mismatch is closer to 60 orders of magnitude.

With the development of inflationary cosmology in the 1980s, the problem became much more important: as cosmic inflation is driven by vacuum energy, differences in modeling vacuum energy lead to huge differences in the resulting cosmologies. Were the vacuum energy precisely zero, as was once believed, then the expansion of the universe would not accelerate as observed, according to the standard Λ-CDM model.

Cutoff dependence
The calculated vacuum energy is a positive, rather than negative, contribution to the cosmological constant because the existing vacuum has negative quantum-mechanical pressure, while in general relativity, the gravitational effect of negative pressure is a kind of repulsion. (Pressure here is defined as the flux of quantum-mechanical momentum across a surface.) Roughly, the vacuum energy is calculated by summing over all known quantum-mechanical fields, taking into account interactions and self-interactions between the ground states, and then removing all interactions below a minimum "cutoff" wavelength to reflect that existing theories break down and may fail to be applicable around the cutoff scale. Because the energy is dependent on how fields interact within the current vacuum state, the vacuum energy contribution would have been different in the early universe; for example, the vacuum energy would have been significantly different prior to electroweak symmetry breaking during the quark epoch.

Renormalization
The vacuum energy in quantum field theory can be set to any value by renormalization. This view treats the cosmological constant as simply another fundamental physical constant not predicted or explained by theory. Such a renormalization constant must be chosen very accurately because of the many-orders-of-magnitude discrepancy between theory and observation, and many theorists consider this ad-hoc constant as equivalent to ignoring the problem.

Estimated values
The vacuum energy density of the Universe based on 2015 measurements by the Planck collaboration is  =  ≘  =  or about  in geometrized units.

One assessment, made by Jérôme Martin of the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris in 2012, placed the expected theoretical vacuum energy scale around 108 GeV4, for a difference of about 55 orders of magnitude.

Proposed solutions
Some physicists propose an anthropic solution, and argue that we live in one region of a vast multiverse that has different regions with different vacuum energies. These anthropic arguments posit that only regions of small vacuum energy such as the one in which we live are reasonably capable of supporting intelligent life. Such arguments have existed in some form since at least 1981. Around 1987, Steven Weinberg estimated that the maximum allowable vacuum energy for gravitationally-bound structures to form is problematically large, even given the observational data available in 1987, and concluded the anthropic explanation appears to fail; however, more recent estimates by Weinberg and others, based on other considerations, find the bound to be closer to the actual observed level of dark energy. Anthropic arguments gradually gained credibility among many physicists after the discovery of dark energy and the development of the theoretical string theory landscape, but are still derided by a substantial skeptical portion of the scientific community as being problematic to verify. Proponents of anthropic solutions are themselves divided on multiple technical questions surrounding how to calculate the proportion of regions of the universe with various dark energy constants.

Other proposals involve modifying gravity to diverge from general relativity. These proposals face the hurdle that the results of observations and experiments so far have tended to be extremely consistent with general relativity and the ΛCDM model, and inconsistent with thus-far proposed modifications. In addition, some of the proposals are arguably incomplete, because they solve the "new" cosmological constant problem by proposing that the actual cosmological constant is exactly zero rather than a tiny number, but fail to solve the "old" cosmological constant problem of why quantum fluctuations seem to fail to produce substantial vacuum energy in the first place. Nevertheless, many physicists argue that, due in part to a lack of better alternatives, proposals to modify gravity should be considered "one of the most promising routes to tackling" the cosmological constant problem.

Bill Unruh and collaborators have argued that when the energy density of the quantum vacuum is modeled more accurately as a fluctuating quantum field, the cosmological constant problem does not arise. Going in a different direction, George F. R. Ellis and others have suggested that in unimodular gravity, the troublesome contributions simply do not gravitate.

Another argument, due to Stanley Brodsky and Robert Shrock, is that in light front quantization, the quantum field theory vacuum becomes essentially trivial. In the absence of vacuum expectation values, there is no contribution from QED, weak interactions, and QCD to the cosmological constant. It is thus predicted to be zero in a flat space-time.

In 2018, a mechanism for cancelling Λ out has been proposed through the use of a symmetry breaking potential in a Lagrangian formalism in which matter shows a non-vanishing pressure. The model assumes that standard matter provides a pressure which counterbalances the action due to the cosmological constant. Luongo and Muccino have shown that this mechanism permits to take vacuum energy as quantum field theory predicts, but removing the huge magnitude through a counterbalance term due to baryons and cold dark matter only.

In 1999, Andrew Cohen, David B. Kaplan and Ann Nelson proposed that correlations between the UV and IR cutoffs in effective quantum field theory are enough to reduce the theoretical cosmological constant down to the measured cosmological constant due to the CKN bound. In 2021, Nikita Blinov and Patrick Draper confirmed through the holographic principle that the CKN bound predicts the measured cosmological constant, all while maintaining the predictions of effective field theory in less extreme conditions.

See also

Notes

References

External links

Physical cosmology
Physics beyond the Standard Model


Philip Hunter may refer to:
Philip Hunter (educationist) (born 1940), British educationist
Philip Vassar Hunter (1883–1956), British electrical engineer
Phil Hunter, a fictional character in The Bill
Philip Hunter (RAF officer), RAF pilot during the Battle of Britain


Ance Parish () is an administrative territorial entity of the Ventspils Municipality, Latvia. The parish has a population of 712 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 397.78 km2.

Villages of Ance Parish
 Ance
 Irbene
 Jorniņi
 Kārļmuiža
 Lonaste
 Ostupciems
 Rinda
 Silciems
 Virpe

Parishes of Latvia
Ventspils Municipality


KGNO (1370 AM) is a radio station licensed to Dodge City, Kansas, United States, the station serves the Southwestern Kansas area.  The station is currently owned by Rocking M Media, LLC. The station airs Classic Country Music, primarily from the 1980s and 90s, but dipping back into 1970s, 60s, and occasionally even 1950s country. Regional interest Farm and Agriculture programming is also featured weekdays.

History
On April 7, 1933, The Federal Radio Commission authorized KGNO to increase its power from 100 W to 250 W and to change its frequency from 1210 kHz to 1340 kHz.

References

External links
Rocking M Radio

FCC History Cards for KGNO

GNO
Talk radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1930


Scott Hunter may refer to:
Scott Hunter (musician), vocalist with Poor Old Lu
Scott Hunter (American football) (born 1947), American football player
Scott Hunter (Home and Away), a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Home and Away


Jūrkalne parish () is an administrative unit of the Ventspils Municipality, Latvia. The parish has a population of 369 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 99.59 km2.

Villages of Jūrkalne parish
 Jūrkalne

External links
Jūrkalne parish in Latvian and English

Parishes of Latvia
Ventspils Municipality


Pope parish () is an administrative unit of the Ventspils Municipality, Latvia.The parish has a population of 1126 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 167.745 km2.

Pope Wind Farm, currently largest wind farm in Latvia, is located in the parish.

Villages of Pope parish
 Jaunāmuiža
 Pope
 Topciems
 Vēde

See also
 Pope Palace

Parishes of Latvia
Ventspils Municipality


Puze parish () is an administrative unit of the Ventspils Municipality, Latvia.The parish has a population of 1021 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 207.28 km2.

Villages of Puze parish
 Amele
 Dandzītes
 Līcnieki
 Nīcciems
 Nīcnieki
 Puze (Blāzma)
 Puzenieki
 Puzesmuiža
 Stikli
 Trebējciems

Parishes of Latvia
Ventspils Municipality


Tārgale Parish () is an administrative unit of the Ventspils Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia.The parish has a population of 1956 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 364.19 km2.

Villages of Tārgale Parish

Notable natives
 Alīda Vāne (1899-1969), opera singer

Parishes of Latvia
Ventspils Municipality
Courland


Jean-Yves Rey (born November 24, 1970) is a Swiss ski mountaineer and long-distance runner.

Rey was born in Sierre. He started ski mountaineering in 1990, competing first in the Patrouille des Glaciers short-distance race. He was a member of the national team from 1999 to 2006.

Selected results

Ski mountaineering
 1998:
 1st, Patrouille de la Maya A-course, together with Gabriel Besson and Jean-Daniel Masserey
 1999:
 7th, Pierra Menta, together with Jean-Daniel Masserey
 2000:
 1st, Patrouille de la Maya A-course, together with Pierre-Marie Taramarcaz and Jean-Daniel Masserey
 2003:
 6th, European Championship team race (together with Jean-Daniel Masserey)
 2004:
 1st, Patrouille de la Maya A-course, together with Sébastien Epiney and Jean-Daniel Masserey
 2nd, Trophée des Gastlosen, together with Jean-Daniel Masserey
 4th, World Championship team race (together with Sébastien Epiney)
 9th, World Championship vertical race
 2005:
 2nd, European Championship relay race (together with Alexander Hug, Christian Pittex and Yannick Ecoeur)
 7th, European Championship single race
 7th, European Championship team race (together with Jean-Daniel Masserey)
 2008:
 1st, Patrouille de la Maya A-course, together with Pierre-Marie Taramarcaz and Jean-Daniel Masserey
 2009:
 2nd, Trophée des Gastlosen, together with Pierre-Marie Taramarcaz

Patrouille des Glaciers

 1998: 3rd (international military teams ranking), together with Jean-Daniel Masserey and Gabriel Besson
 2000: 2nd (and 1st in "seniors I" class ranking), together with Pierre-Marie Taramarcaz and Jean-Daniel Masserey
 2002: 2nd, together with Pierre-Marie Taramarcaz and Jean-Daniel Masserey
 2004: 2nd, together with Pierre-Marie Taramarcaz and Jean-Daniel Masserey
 2008: 2nd, together with Pierre-Marie Taramarcaz and Jean-Daniel Masserey
 2010: 3rd, together with Jean-Daniel Masserey and Rico Elmer

Running
 2001: 3rd, Jeizibärg-Lauf, Gampel
 2003: 3rd, Jeizibärg-Lauf, Gampel

Rey won the Zermatt marathon in 2004, the Mont-Blanc marathon in 2008, as well as three times in a row the AlpenMarathon – Marathon des Alpages, where he has held the course record with a total time of 3:07:18 hours since 2005.

External links
 Jean-Yves Rey at Skimountaineering.org

References

1970 births
Living people
Swiss male ski mountaineers
Swiss military patrol (sport) runners
Swiss male long-distance runners
Swiss mountain runners
People from Sierre
Sportspeople from Valais


Ugāle parish () is an administrative unit of the Ventspils Municipality, Latvia.The parish has a population of 1836 (as of 01/01/2022) and covers an area of 292.239 km2.

Villages Ugāle parish
 Ciesengure
 Cirkale
 Māteri
 Modes
 Rāpati
 Sirgumi
 Ugāle
 Ugāles dzirnavas

Parishes of Latvia
Ventspils Municipality


Usma Parish () is an administrative unit of the Ventspils Municipality, Latvia.The parish has a population of 583 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 219.509 km2.

Villages of Usma Parish
 Amjūdze
 Desuciems
 Ugāles dzirnavas
 Usma
 Usmas stacija
 Zaļais ciems
 Žatu ciems

Parishes of Latvia
Ventspils Municipality


Užava parish () is an administrative unit of the Ventspils Municipality, Latvia. The parish has a population of 619 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 125.518 km2.

History
The territory of modern Užava parish historically housed Sārnate manor (Gut Sernaten, east of  ) and Užava manor (Gut Hasau, Užava).
Užava parish was established during the First World War, separating it from Ziras Parish. In 1935, the area of Užava parish was 138 km2 and 1947 inhabitants lived there. In 1945, Užava, Lībciems and Sārnate village councils were established in the parish, but in 1949 the parish was liquidated. The village of Užava belonged to Ventspils (1949-1962), Kuldīga (1962-1967) and again Ventspils (after 1967) districts. In 1950, the village of Lībciems was added to the village of Užava, but in 1961 it was part of the village of Jūrkalne. In 1990, the village was reorganized into a parish. In 2009, Užava parish was included as an administrative territory in Ventspils region.

Villages of Užava parish

 Užava (parish center)

See also
 Užava lowland

References

Parishes of Latvia
Ventspils Municipality


Vārve parish () is an administrative unit of the Ventspils Municipality, Latvia.The parish has a population of 1916 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 125.442 km2.

Villages of Vārve parish

 Celužu ciems
 Cirpstenes dižciems
 Cirpstenes mazciems
 Grigaļu ciems
 Jaunmuiža
 Leči
 Liezdes ciems
 Mežsētas
 Pasiekstes ciems
 Roces ciems
 Silnieku ciems
 Vārve
 Veltiņu ciems
 Ventava
 Zūras

Parishes of Latvia
Ventspils Municipality


The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the study of aesthetics and art criticism. It was published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Society for Aesthetics up to January 2021 when it shifted to Oxford University Press.

External links

Aesthetics journals
Wiley-Blackwell academic journals
Quarterly journals
Academic journals established in 1941
English-language journals
Academic journals associated with learned and professional societies


Denis or Dennis Hurley may refer to:
Denis Hurley (bishop) (1915–2004), South African Catholic clergyman
Denis Hurley (rugby union) (born 1984), Irish rugby union player
Denis Hurley (hurler) (born 1933), Irish former hurler, Gaelic footballer, and selector
Denis M. Hurley (1843–1899), American politician
Denis Reagan Hurley (born 1937), American judge


City of Damnation () is a 2009 South Korean film directed by Kim Dong-won and is a remake of the 2002 Hong Kong film Infernal Affairs.

Plot
Jang Choon-dong is a traffic officer who aspires to become a homicide detective. After being noticed by his superiors, Choon-dong is assigned to go undercover to infiltrate a gangster network headed by Yang Kwang-seob. Meanwhile, Lee Joong-dae (Jung Woong-in), a member of Kwang-seob's gang, goes undercover himself by joining the police force. Joong-dae tries hard to gain favour with his squad leader and bureau director in an effort to expose Choon-dong's identity, but falls in love with a colleague, Cha Se-rin.

Cast
 Jung Joon-ho as Jang Choon-dong
 Jung Woong-in as Lee Joong-dae
 Jung Woon-taek as Moon Dong-sik, aka Dae Ga-ri
 Park Sang-min as Ssang-kal
 Kim Sang-joong as Gangster boss Yang Kwang-seob
 Han Go-eun as Police lieutenant Cha Se-rin
 Sunwoo Jae-duk as Squad leader Park Jong-ki
 Park Yong-gi as Bureau director Cheon Seong-ki
 Kim Dae-hee as Won Sam-eeh, aka Won Soong-eeh
 Kang Seong-pil as Yang Pal-eeh
 Kim Young-hoon as Chef camouflage worker

Release
City of Damnation was released in South Korea on 22 January 2009, and was the only Korean film to be released during the Lunar New Year holiday, traditionally a big season for domestic films. On its opening weekend it was ranked third at the box office with 249,720 admissions, and the film's disappointing performance was thought to illustrate a steady decline in the popularity of the gangster comedy genre with local audiences. As of 22 February, City of Damnation had received a total of 1,555,039 admissions nationwide, and as of 1 March had grossed a total of US$7,545,744.

See also
The Departed
Infernal Affairs

References

External links

2009 films
2000s Korean-language films
South Korean action comedy films
South Korean remakes of foreign films
Films directed by Kim Dong-won (1962)
CJ Entertainment films
2000s South Korean films


Leslie Ayvazian is an Armenian award-winning playwright and character actress.

Biography
Ayvazian is the recipient of the Roger L. Stevens (1994) and Susan Smith Blackburn Prize (1996) for her work Nine Armenians, which was produced at Manhattan Theatre Club. She also received a fellowship from the New Jersey Council of the Arts and assistance from the New Harmony Writers Project in developing the play. Her numerous works have been produced off-Broadway, in major regional theatres, and in Poland and Slovakia. Most recently, the Atlantic Theater Company produced her play "Make Me" as part of their 2008-2009 Stage 2 season.

In addition to her writing achievements, Ayvazian is an accomplished actress and teacher. She has also appeared in the films Working Girl, Alice and Regarding Henry, and is a recurring guest star in the Law and Order franchise.

Ayvazian is currently an adjunct professor at the graduate school of Columbia University.

Plays
Deaf Day
High Dive
Lovely Day
Mama Drama
Nine Armenians
Plan Day
Singer's Boy
Twenty Four Years
Make Me
Lost in Yonkers
A Naked Girl on the Appian Way
High Dive

Selected filmography
Working Girl (1988), as Dewey Stone Reception Guest
Me and Him (1988), as Paramedic
Ask Me Again (1989), as Maxine
Alice (1990), uncredited
Regarding Henry (1991), uncredited

TV appearances
CBS Schoolbreak Special
Flour Babies (1990), as Mrs. Emerson
American Playhouse
The Sunset Gang (The Home segment, 1991)Law & OrderJurisdiction (1993), as KorolekHouse Counsel (1995), as Priscilla LempertHomesick (1996), as Mrs. KarmelLaw & Order: Criminal IntentGone (2005), as Ruth StocktonLaw & Order: Special Victims Unit, as Judge ValderaLimitations (2000)Baby Killer (2000)Abuse (2001)Ridicule (2001)Resilience (2002)The JuryMail Order Mystery'' (2004), as Lynette Bradwell

References

External links
Armenian General Benevolent Union
Broadway World entry
Doollee database

New Jersey Theater
1994 Roger L. Stevens Awards
Susan Smith Blackburn Prize

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Columbia University faculty
American film actresses
American television actresses
20th-century American actresses
American women academics
21st-century American women


Ziras Parish () is an administrative unit of the Ventspils Municipality, Latvia.The parish has a population of 543 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 153.80 km2.

History
In the territory of modern Ziras  parish there were historically Vendzava manor (Gut Wensau, Vendzavas) and Ziru manor (Gut Sirgen, Ziras).
In 1935, the area of Ziras  Parish in Ventspils District was 90 km² and there were 1227 inhabitants. In 1945, Sise  and Zira village councils were established in the parish, but in 1949 the parish was liquidated. The village of Zira belonged to  (1949-1956), Ventspils (1956-1962), Kuldīga (1962-1967) and again Ventspils (1967-2009) districts. The liquidated village of Sises was added to Ziru village in 1954. In 1990, the village was reorganized into a parish. In 2009, Ziras parish was included as an administrative territory in Ventspils Municipality.

Villages of Ziras Parish

  (parish center)

See also
 Užava lowland

References

External links
 Ziras parish in Latvian

Parishes of Latvia
Ventspils Municipality


KGYN (1210 AM) is a radio station licensed to Guymon, Oklahoma, United States. The station serves the southwestern Kansas area, and carries a talk format. The station is currently owned by Steckline Communications. KGYN broadcasts with 22,000 watts on a protected signal and can be heard in 7 states during daytime power and 10,000 watts in most of the western half of the United States during night time power.

The station uses the slogan "The Five State Big talker."

The station has been received via skywave in Salt Lake City, Utah.

On June 2, 2020, KGYN was granted an FCC construction permit to increase day power to 22,000 watts.

References

External links

GYN
Radio stations established in 1949
Country radio stations in the United States
1949 establishments in Oklahoma
Guymon, Oklahoma


Autochton is a genus of skipper butterflies. They belong to the subfamily Eudaminae, which was long included with the spread-winged skippers (Pyrginae) as a tribe. They are found from Mexico to South America.

Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Autochton:
 Autochton sulfureolus (Mabille, 1883)
 Autochton reflexus (Mabille & Boullet, 1912)
 Autochton neis (Geyer, 1832)
 Autochton integrifascia (Mabille, 1891)
 Autochton itylus Hübner, [1823]
 Autochton bipunctatus (Gmelin, [1790]) – two-spotted banded-skipper or twin-spot banded skipper
 Autochton potrillo (Lucas, 1857)
 Autochton oryx (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862)

References

External links
Images representing Autochton at
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Eudaminae
Hesperiidae of South America
Hesperiidae genera
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner


Zlēkas Parish () is an administrative unit of the Ventspils Municipality, Latvia.The parish has a population of 577 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 107.155 km2.

Villages of Zlēkas Parish
 Krācnieki
 Laidzesciems
 Pasilciems
 Vāverciems
 Veclīcnieki
 Zlēkas

External links
 Zlēkas parish in Latvian

Parishes of Latvia
Ventspils Municipality


A total solar eclipse occurred on March 20, 2015. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with a partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. This total solar eclipse is notable in that the path of totality passed over the North Pole. Totality was visible in the Faroe Islands and Svalbard.

It had a magnitude of 1.0445. The longest duration of totality was 2 minutes and 47 seconds off the coast of the Faroe Islands. It was the last total solar eclipse visible in Europe until the eclipse of August 12, 2026.

The track of totality passed across the North Atlantic and into the Arctic Ocean.

Event
The solar eclipse began at 08:30 GMT in northwest Europe and moved towards the northeast but still in northern Europe. It was most visible from the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Faroe Islands, northern Norway and Murmansk Oblast. The shadow began its pass off the south coast of Greenland. It then moved to the northeast, passing between Iceland and the United Kingdom before moving over the Faroe Islands and the northernmost islands of Norway. The shadow of the eclipse was visible in varying degrees all over Europe.
For example, London experienced an 86.8% partial solar eclipse while points north of the Faroe Islands in the Norwegian Sea saw a complete solar eclipse. Three chartered airliners flew above the clouds, giving passengers a slightly prolonged view.

The eclipse was observed at radio frequencies at the Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Finland, where a partial eclipse was seen. The eclipse was also observed by meteorological satellite Meteosat-10.

Impact

The European Union has a solar power output of about 90 gigawatts and production could have been temporarily decreased by up to 34 GW of that dependent on the clarity of the sky. In actuality the dip was less than expected, with a 13 GW drop in Germany happening due to overcast skies. This was the first time that an eclipse had a significant impact on the power system, and the electricity sector took measures to mitigate the impact. The power gradient (change in power) may be −400 MW/minute and +700 MW/minute. Places in Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark may be 85.2% obscured. Temperature may decrease by , and wind power may decrease as winds are reduced by .

Coincidence of events
In addition to the eclipse, 20 March 2015 was also the day of the March equinox (also known as the spring or vernal equinox in the Northern Hemisphere). In addition, six supermoons were expected for 2015. The supermoon on 20 March 2015 was the third of the year; however, it was a new moon (near side facing away from the sun), and only its shadow was visible.

At greatest eclipse, the Sun was at its zenith less than  south of the Equator. Greatest eclipse occurred at 09:45:39 UTC of Friday, March 20, 2015 while March Equinox occurred at 22:45:09 UTC, just under 13 hours after the greatest eclipse (Greatest eclipse occurred in winter, 13 hours before spring).

Religious Significance

Proponents of the Blood Moon Prophecy, such as Bob O'Dell also pointed out that 20 March 2015 was also a significant day on the Jewish and Biblical calendar. That evening was the onset of the Hebrew month of Nisan, the first month in the Biblical calendar year. Furthermore, the path of the total eclipse over the North Pole was a highly symbolic location infusing the day with both great natural significance and profound religious meaning according to O'Dell. Due to the significance of the eclipse, a global prayer event in Jerusalem was organized that day.

Eclipse visibility
The event was visible as a partial eclipse all across Europe including: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Portugal, France, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Austria, Italy, Montenegro, Finland, Western Russia, and Ukraine.

Simulation

Related eclipses

Eclipses of 2015
 A total solar eclipse on March 20.
 A total lunar eclipse on April 4.
 A partial solar eclipse on September 13.
 A total lunar eclipse on September 28.

Solar eclipses descending node 2015-2018

 Saros 120: Total Solar Eclipse March 20, 2015
 Saros 130: Total Solar Eclipse March 8–9, 2016
 Saros 140: Annular Solar Eclipse February 26, 2017
 Saros 150: Partial Solar Eclipse February 15, 2018

Lunar eclipses
A total lunar eclipse followed on April 4, 2015, visible over Australia, and the Pacific coast of Asia and North America.

Solar eclipses 2015–2018

Saros series

Metonic series

References

Bibliography
 NASA graphics
 Google interactive map of the eclipse from NASA
 NASA Besselian Elements – Partial Solar Eclipse of 2007 September 11

External links

 Northern Equinox Eclipse, APOD 3/21/2015, totality of Longyearbyen, Svalbald
 A Double Eclipse of the Sun, International Space Station moving in front of the eclipsed sun, APOD 3/22/2015, partial eclipse of Fregenal de la Sierra, Spain
 Diamond Rings and Baily's Beads, APOD 3/28/2015, totality of Longyearbyen, Svalbald
 Corona from Svalbard, APOD 3/31/2015

Eclipse spectacle AstroBob, 3/20/15

2015 in Europe
2015 in science
2015 03 20
2015 03 20
March 2015 events
2015 in Iceland
2015 in Norway


is the sixteenth single by Japanese recording artist Aya Ueto. It was released on June 24, 2009, as the lead single from Ueto's fifth studio album Happy Magic: Smile Project. The single was issued in three formats: the limited edition, which includes a bonus DVD, "Reborn!" edition, which comes with a Katekyō Hitman Reborn! cover artwork, and standard CD-only edition.

Overview
After the release of "Namida no Niji/Save Me," Ueto took a hiatus from her music to focus on her acting career. News of a new single first surfaced online after musician Akinori Yamada blogged about his recording session with Ueto. Her name was quickly edited out of the comment due to the secretive nature of the project. "Smile for.../Mō Ichido Dake" is Ueto's first single in over two years and her sixth double A-side single. It was released as part of the Smile Project 2009, the working title for Ueto's concept album Happy Magic: Smile Project.

"Smile for...," was written, composed, and produced by singer-songwriter Kohmi Hirose. It served as ending theme for the TV Tokyo anime Katekyō Hitman Reborn!, from episode 127 to episode 139, which aired from April 4 to June 27, 2009. The song was made available in Chaku-Uta ringtone format on April 1, 2009. "Mō Ichido Dake" was composed by Ketsumeishi member, Ryoji. The song marked her fourth collaboration with Ryoji, who also composed her single "Kaze o Ukete," and its B-side "Yakusoku no Basho," and "Egao no Mama de." It served as ending theme for the TV Asahi late-night program Ren'ai Hyakkei. Its Chaku-Uta ringtone was released on May 8, 2009.

"Smile for..." was initially announced as the sole A-side, however a few weeks later Ueto's label revealed it would be released as a double A-side single, with "Mō Ichido Dake." The single was initially scheduled to be released on June 3, 2009, however, on May 16, 2009, it was announced on Ueto's official website that, due to manufacturing issues, the release would be postponed three weeks to June 24, 2009.

"Smile for...," was recorded on February 4, 2009, and released as the first release from the Smile Project 2009, a "music collection intended to bring smiles to faces across Japan." Hirose, who also blogged about working with Ueto, commented about their collaboration a press release:
Ueto sings with that famous bright smile of hers! With her smile being the seed, may the flower that will bloom in the listener's heart heal their loneliness and sadness. Before we know it, the "Ueto Smile" will have spread to everyone's faces.

Chart performance
"Smile for.../Mō Ichido Dake" debuted on the Oricon Daily Singles chart at number 9 on June 22, 2009, and climbed to number 8 the following day. It peaked at number 10 on the Oricon Weekly Singles chart, with 8,854 copies sold in its first week, making it Ueto's first single in four years, and tenth overall, to enter the top ten, since "Yume no Chikara" (2005). The single charted for five weeks and has sold a total of 13,368 copies.

Track listing

Charts

References

External links

2009 singles
Aya Ueto songs
Song recordings produced by Kohmi Hirose
Songs written by Kohmi Hirose
Pony Canyon singles


Pierre-Marie Taramarcaz (born April 23, 1968) from Verbier is a Swiss ski mountaineer.

Taramarcaz was born in Martigny VS and has been member of the national team since 1998.

Selected results
 1996:
 1st, Patrouille de la Maya A-course, together with Daniel Hediger and Laurent Perruchoud
 2000:
 1st, Patrouille de la Maya A-course, together with Jean-Yves Rey and Jean-Daniel Masserey
 2001:
 2nd, Swiss Cup, scratch (and 1st seniors)
 2002:
 6th, World Championship single race
 2003:
 2nd, Trophée des Gastlosen, together with Pius Schuwey
 5th, European Championship single race
 5th, European Championship team race (together with Alexander Hug)
 7th, European Championship combination ranking
 2004:
 1st, Patrouille de la Maya A-course, together with Jean-Yves Rey and Sébastien Epiney
 1st, Trophée des Gastlosen, together with Florent Troillet
 8th, World Championship combination ranking
 9th, World Championship single race
 10th, World Championship team race (together with Florent Troillet)
 2006:
 10th, World Championship team race (together with Didier Moret)
 2009:
 2nd, Trophée des Gastlosen, together with Jean-Yves Rey

Pierra Menta

 2001: 7th, together with Jean-François Cuennet
 2005: 6th, together with Christian Pittex

Patrouille des Glaciers

 2000: 2nd (and 1st in "seniors I" class ranking), together with Jean-Yves Rey and Jean-Daniel Masserey
 2004: 2nd, together with Jean-Yves Rey and Jean-Daniel Masserey
 2008: 2nd, together with Jean-Yves Rey and Jean-Daniel Masserey

External links
 Pierre-Marie Taramarcaz at Skimountaineering.org

References

1968 births
Living people
Swiss male ski mountaineers
People from Martigny
Skiers from Valais


Cover to Cover is a studio album of cover songs recorded by Neal Morse, Mike Portnoy and Randy George during the recording of the albums Testimony (2003), One (2004) and ? (2005) by Neal Morse. Most of these songs have previously been released on special editions of those albums. Released in 2006.

Track listing

Personnel

 Chris Carmichael - violin, cello, viola
 Randy George - bass
 Jerry Guidroz - engineer, mixing
 Jim Hoke - saxophone
 Bill Hubauer - trombone
 Phil Keaggy - vocals
 Ken Love - mastering
 Neal Morse - guitar, keyboards, vocals, producer, mixing
 Rich Mouser - mixing
 Joey Pippin - graphic design, photography
 Mike Portnoy - drums, liner notes
 Neal Rosengarden - trumpet

References

Covers albums
2006 albums
Neal Morse albums


Reminiscence is Bonnie Pink's first cover album released under the Warner Music Japan label on June 22, 2005.

Track listing

Charts

2005 albums
Bonnie Pink albums
Covers albums
Warner Music Japan albums


MV Princess of Acadia may refer to:

, was the former , a passenger and car ferry, before being renamed and reassigned in 1963 to running between Saint John, New Brunswick and Digby, Nova Scotia until 1971.
, is the second ferry of this name, running between Saint John, New Brunswick and Digby, Nova Scotia since 1971.

Ferries of Nova Scotia
Ferries of New Brunswick
Transport in Digby County, Nova Scotia
Transport in Saint John, New Brunswick


Hyderabad House is a restaurant chain offering Hyderabadi cuisine. The chain is based in Hyderabad and has over 23 outlets in various locations across South India.

History
The restaurant was established in 1975 by Mir Babar Ali. However the founder of the current chain of restaurants is Mir Mazharuddin who started Hyderabad House as a small take-away restaurant in 1998. His son Mir Zubair Ahmed, and Hotel Management Gold medalist, present director launched Bowl O China (Chinese Restaurant). Ranjan Dodda CEO taking the brand to global level, they opened outlets in Mecca, Madina, Bahrain, Abu Dhabi, Sydney.

References

External links

Restaurants in India
Restaurants in Hyderabad, India
1975 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Restaurants established in 1975


Love Songs is a compilation album by American band Earth, Wind & Fire. It was released on January 13, 2004 by Columbia/Legacy.

Track listing

References

2004 albums
2004 compilation albums
Earth, Wind & Fire compilation albums
Albums produced by Maurice White
Albums produced by Charles Stepney
Columbia Records compilation albums


Ryan Ochoa (born May 17, 1996) is an American actor. He is known for playing the role of Lanny on the Disney XD series Pair of Kings, and for his recurring role of Chuck Chambers on the Nickelodeon series iCarly.

Early life
Ryan Ochoa was born in San Diego, California. His ancestry includes Mexican, Filipino, Italian, Irish, and Russian-Jewish. He has four siblings, including younger brother Raymond Ochoa.

Career

Ochoa had his first professional acting job at the age of eight, when he was cast in a national commercial for Dairy Queen.

Ryan's film debut was in the 2007 film, Nostalgia as Ryan Zorn, the son of the main character. He appeared in the 2009 film The Perfect Game as Norberto, one of the 9 baseball players. He also played Tiny Tim in 2009's A Christmas Carol. Ochoa played the voice of the character of Rick in the animated film Astro Boy.

Ochoa has appeared in the television show, iCarly, in the episodes "iHurt Lewbert", "iReunite with Missy", "iTwins", "iFind Lewbert's Lost Love", "iBloop", and "iBeat the Heat". He reprised his role in the 2021 revival series.

In 2011 he appeared in Disney's Friends for Change. He co-starred as Lanny in the Disney XD series Pair of Kings, and as Max Doyle in the straight-to-DVD film Mostly Ghostly: Have You Met My Ghoulfriend?.

He is currently performing with his three brothers in the musical group Ochoa Boyz.

Filmography

Film

Television

Web series
 P.O.K. Save the Island (2020), as Lanny; also director, editor

References

External links

1996 births
Living people
American male actors of Mexican descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American male child actors
American male television actors
American male film actors
Male actors from San Diego