(16 March 19164 January 2010) was a Japanese marine engineer and a survivor of both the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings during World War II. Although at least 70 people are known to have been affected by both bombings, he is the only person to have been officially recognized by the government of Japan as surviving both explosions.

A resident of Nagasaki, Yamaguchi was in Hiroshima on business for his employer Mitsubishi Heavy Industries when the city was bombed at 8:15 AM, on 6 August 1945. He returned to Nagasaki the following day and, despite his wounds, he returned to work on 9 August, the day of the second atomic bombing. That morning, while he was being told by his supervisor that he was "crazy" after describing how one bomb had destroyed the city, the Nagasaki bomb detonated. In 1957, he was recognized as a hibakusha ("explosion-affected person") of the Nagasaki bombing, but it was not until 24 March 2009, that the government of Japan officially recognized his presence in Hiroshima three days earlier. He died of stomach cancer on 4 January 2010, at the age of 93.

Early life
Yamaguchi was born on 16 March 1916 in Nagasaki.  He joined Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in the 1930s and worked as a draftsman designing oil tankers.

Second World War
Yamaguchi said he "never thought Japan should start a war". He continued his work with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, but soon Japanese industry began to suffer heavily as resources became scarce and tankers were sunk. As the war dragged on, he was so despondent over the state of the country that he considered honor killing his family with an overdose of sleeping pills in the event that Japan lost.

Hiroshima bombing
Yamaguchi lived and worked in Nagasaki, but in the summer of 1945 he was in Hiroshima for a three-month-long business trip.  On 6 August,  he was preparing to leave the city with two colleagues, Akira Iwanaga and Kuniyoshi Sato, and was on his way to the train station when he realized he had forgotten his hanko (a type of identification stamp common in Japan) and returned to his workplace to get it. At 8:15 AM, he was walking towards the docks when the American B-29 bomber Enola Gay dropped the Little Boy atomic bomb near the centre of the city, only  away.  Yamaguchi recalls seeing the bomber and two small parachutes, before there was "a great flash in the sky, and I was blown over". The explosion ruptured his eardrums, blinded him temporarily, and left him with serious radiation burns over the left side of the top half of his body. After recovering, he crawled to a shelter and, having rested, he set out to find his colleagues. They had also survived and together they spent the night in an air-raid shelter before returning to Nagasaki the following day. In Nagasaki, he received treatment for his wounds and, despite being heavily bandaged, he reported for work on 9 August.

Nagasaki bombing
At 11:00 AM on 9 August 1945, Yamaguchi was describing the blast in Hiroshima to his supervisor, when the American bomber Bockscar dropped the Fat Man atomic bomb over the city. His workplace again put him 3 km from ground zero, but this time he was unhurt by the explosion. However, he was unable to replace his now ruined bandages and he suffered from a high fever and continuous vomiting for over a week.

Later life
During the Allied occupation of Japan, Yamaguchi worked as a translator for the occupation forces. In the early 1950s, he and his wife, who was also a survivor of the Nagasaki atomic bombing, had two daughters. He later returned to work for Mitsubishi designing oil tankers. When the Japanese government officially recognized atomic bombing survivors as hibakusha in 1957, Yamaguchi's identification stated only that he had been present at Nagasaki. He was content with this, satisfied that he was relatively healthy, and put the experiences behind him.

As he grew older, his opinions about the use of atomic weapons began to change. In his eighties, he wrote a book about his experiences (Ikasareteiru inochi ("A Life Well-Lived")), as well as a book of poetry, and was invited to take part in a 2006 documentary about 165 double A-bomb survivors (known as nijū hibakusha in Japan) called Twice Survived: The Doubly Atomic Bombed of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which was screened at the United Nations. At the screening, he pleaded for the abolition of atomic weapons.

Yamaguchi became a vocal proponent of nuclear disarmament. He told an interviewer "The reason that I hate the atomic bomb is because of what it does to the dignity of human beings". Speaking through his daughter during a telephone interview, he said, "I can't understand why the world cannot understand the agony of the nuclear bombs. How can they keep developing these weapons?"

On 22 December 2009, Canadian film director James Cameron and author Charles Pellegrino met Yamaguchi while he was in a hospital in Nagasaki and discussed the idea of making a film about nuclear weapons.  "I think it's Cameron's and Pellegrino's destiny to make a film about nuclear weapons", Yamaguchi said.

Recognition by government
At first, Yamaguchi did not feel the need to draw attention to his double survivor status.  However, in later life he began to consider his survival as destiny, so in January 2009, he applied for double recognition. This was accepted by the Japanese government in March 2009, making Yamaguchi the only person officially recognized as a survivor of both bombings.  Speaking of the recognition, he said, "My double radiation exposure is now an official government record. It can tell the younger generation the horrifying history of the atomic bombings even after I die".

Personal life
Yamaguchi was married to his wife Hisako (1920–2008), and had three children. Their children, all of whom experienced serious health problems throughout their lives, were son Katsutoshi (1946–2005), and daughters Toshiko (born 1948/1949) and Naoko. Yamaguchi's wife, also a survivor of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, died in 2008 at the age of eighty-eight; her cause of death was liver and kidney cancer, likely related to health complications from the atomic bombing that she had experienced her entire life. At the time of his death, Yamaguchi was living with his daughter Toshiko in Nagasaki.

Health
Yamaguchi lost hearing in his left ear as a result of the Hiroshima explosion. He also went bald temporarily and his daughter recalls that he was constantly wrapped in bandages until she was 12. Despite this, Yamaguchi went on to lead a healthy life. Later in life, he began to suffer from radiation-related ailments, including cataracts and acute leukemia.

His wife also suffered radiation poisoning from black rain exposure after the Nagasaki explosion and died in 2008 at the age of eighty-eight of kidney and liver cancer. All three of their children reported suffering from health problems, which they blamed on their parents' exposures to radiation.

Death

In 2009, Yamaguchi learned that he was dying of stomach cancer. He died on 4 January 2010, in Nagasaki at the age of 93.

In popular culture

BBC controversy
On 17 December 2010, the BBC featured Yamaguchi in its comedy programme QI, referring to him as "The Unluckiest Man in the World". Both Stephen Fry, the host of QI, and celebrity guests drew laughter from the audience in a segment that included examples of black humor such as asking if the bomb had "landed on him and bounced off". A clip from the episode was uploaded by the BBC after the show but was later deleted. A BBC spokesperson told Kyodo News, "We instructed our crew to delete the file since we have already issued a statement that the content was not appropriate".

The episode triggered criticism in Japan. Toshiko Yamasaki, Yamaguchi's daughter, appeared on NHK's national evening news and said: "I cannot forgive the atomic bomb experience being laughed at in Britain, which has nuclear weapons of its own. I think this shows that the horror of atomic bomb is not well enough understood in the world. I feel sad rather than angry".

The Japanese Embassy, London, wrote to the BBC protesting that the programme insulted the deceased victims of the atomic bomb. It was reported that Piers Fletcher, a producer of the programme, responded to complaints with "we greatly regret it when we cause offence" and "it is apparent to me that I underestimated the potential sensitivity of this issue to Japanese viewers".

On 22 January 2011, the BBC and Talkback Thames jointly issued a statement. In addition to the joint statement, the BBC delivered a letter from Mark Thompson, Director-General of the BBC, to the Japanese Embassy.

See also
 Effects of nuclear explosions
 Effects of nuclear explosions on human health
 Jacob Beser, the only member of the strike crews for both Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Notes

References

External links
 Nagasaki University Peace Studies Archives June 2011 YAMASAKI, Toshiko and HARADA, Kosuzu "Living with a double A-bomb survivor"
 YAMAGUCHI, Tsutomu "Double A-Bomb Victim: My Life beneath the Atomic Clouds" 2007

Japanese anti–nuclear weapons activists
People from Nagasaki Prefecture
1916 births
2010 deaths
Hibakusha
Deaths from stomach cancer
Deaths from cancer in Japan
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries people
Japanese engineers
Marine engineers


Dorthea Dahl (March 20, 1881 – September 11, 1958) was a Norwegian-born American writer.  Dahl has been recognized for her great contributions to Norwegian-American literature. She wrote numerous short stories for magazines, wrote and published collections of short stories and a novel.

Biography
Dahl was born at Osen in Åmot, previously Hedmark, now Innlandet, Norway.  She was the daughter of Peder Person Dahl (1846–1925) and Lene Martinusdatter Ulvevadet Dahl (1839–1918). She came to America in 1883 at the age of two along with her parents and six older siblings. Her family initially lived in a homestead in Day County, South Dakota. In 1900, Dahl began at the State Normal School in Madison, Wisconsin, but the signs of tuberculosis prevented a future as a teacher. She briefly attended St. Olaf College but starting during 1903 would spend her adult life in Kootenai County, near Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. She worked as an accountant for a grain firm, in various trading companies and insurance companies.

Poor health thwarted her hopes of becoming a missionary, but she found consolation in taking part in temperance movement work. Religious by nature, Dahl was active within Lutheran Church organizations, including Daughters of the Reformation and the Rocky Mountain Women's Missionary Federation.

Writing career
Dorthea Dahl was equally competent in both the Norwegian and English languages. She began writing her many stories of small-town and farm immigrant life exclusively in Norwegian, publishing in a variety of periodicals. Dahl wrote several books and a number of short stories published in the Norwegian-American press, most notably in The Friend, published in Minneapolis by Nils Nilsen Ronning.  Between 1917 and 1935, Dahl worked as a staff writer for two Norwegian language publications, the Christmas annual Jul i Vesterheimen and the Norwegian Lutheran Church publication Lutheraneren.

She published two collections of short stories. The first, Fra Hverdagslivet, was written in Norwegian and translated as From Everyday Life. For her second, Returning Home, she wrote in English. Byen paa Berget, her first novel was published in 1925 and was written in Norwegian. That book was later translated as The City Upon A Hill. Dahl continued to write short stories for the rest of her life. Woven into Dahl's immigrant theme is always the conflict between service to others and pursuit of personal success. Dahl showed a pragmatic attitude to the many questions of Norwegian American assimilation and she was an early advocate of the use of English as a church language.

She was honored by the Norwegian Society in America (Det Norske Selskab i Amerika) with its annual literary prize in 1918. She was a representative from the State of Idaho at the Norse-American Centennial in Minneapolis in June 1925.

Selected bibliography
 Fra Hverdagslivet  (Augsburg Publishing. Minneapolis, MN. 1915)
Returning Home (Augsburg Publishing. Minneapolis, MN. 1920)
Byen paa Berget ( Augsburg Publishing. Minneapolis, MN. 1925)

References

Other sources
Brungot, Hilde Petra (1977) Dorthea Dahl: Norwegian American Author of Everyday Experience  (University of Oslo thesis, Norwegian American Historic Association)
Øverland, Orm (1996) The Western Home: A Literary History of Norwegian America (Norwegian American Historical Association. University of Illinois Press.  Chapter 19)

External links

The Promise of America

1881 births
1958 deaths
American Lutherans
20th-century American novelists
People from Sør-Trøndelag
People from Åmot
People from Day County, South Dakota
People from Coeur d'Alene, Idaho
Writers from South Dakota
Novelists from Idaho
Norwegian emigrants to the United States
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
St. Olaf College alumni
American women novelists
20th-century American women writers
20th-century Lutherans


Nathaniel Griffith Lerotholi  (1870 – 23 June 1939) was the paramount chief of Basutoland from 11 April 1913 when he succeeded his brother Letsie II until his death in 1939. He was succeeded by his son Simon Seeiso Griffith.

References

1870 births
1939 deaths
House of Moshesh
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Basutoland people


is the second single and first double A-side single by Japanese boy band Arashi. The single was released on April 5, 2000 in two editions. While both the regular edition and limited edition contains two songs and its instrumentals, only the limited edition was released in the shape of a flying disc and included a set of round stickers. It reached number one on the Oricon Singles Chart and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan for shipments of 400,000 copies.

Single information
"Sunrise Nippon" was covered by Eurobeat Lovers in Dancemania Presents JParadise and quoted in the drama Ikebukuro West Gate Park. Although both "Sunrise Nippon" and "Horizon" are A-side songs, only "Sunrise Nippon" has a music video.

Composition
"Sunrise Nippon" was written by F&T and Kōji Makaino, and arranged by Chokkaku. Musically, "Sunrise Nippon" is a pop song with a "groovy bass line" and "cheerful, funky melody". "Horizon" was written by Takeshi and Shin Tanimoto, and arranged by Hitoshi Munakata and Naoki Hayashibe. CD Journal described "Horizon" as an aggressive rock song with loud guitar.

Track listing

Charts and certifications

Charts

Sales and certifications

Release history

References

External links
 "Sunrise Nippon/Horizon" product information
 "Sunrise Nippon/Horizon" Yahoo! Japan music profile
 "Sunrise Nippon/Horizon" Karao single ranking profile

Arashi songs
2000 singles
Oricon Weekly number-one singles
Pony Canyon singles
Songs written by Kōji Makaino


Servais is a given name of French origin, being the French version of the Latin name Servatius. See, for example:
 Servais de Condé, a servant of Mary, Queen of Scots
 Servais Le Roy (1865-1953), a Belgian magician, illusion designer and businessman
 Servais Knaven (born 1971), a Dutch professional road bicycle racer
 Servais-Théodore Pinckaers (1925-2008), a Belgian Dominican moral theologian and Catholic priest

French masculine given names
Masculine given names


Best of Cream is a compilation album of material recorded from 1966 to 1968 by the rock band Cream, and released shortly after their disbanding. The album was originally released by Cream's U.S. label Atco (Atlantic) Records (catalog no. SD 33-291), and was available on that label during the years 1969–1972. The album was briefly reissued in the U.S. in 1977 by RSO/Polydor Records, to whom U.S. distribution rights for Cream's recordings had reverted by that time.  A re-release was pressed in 2014 by Polydor on 180g vinyl (catalog no. 535 113-8).

Best of Cream was noteworthy upon its release as the first American album to contain Cream's studio recording of "Spoonful". Although included in international versions of Cream's 1966 debut album Fresh Cream, the song was deleted from Atco's initial U.S. release of the album, and replaced with the band's first hit single "I Feel Free". U.S. reissues of Fresh Cream contain both songs.

The album peaked at  on the U.S. Billboard 200 album chart in July 1969. The album reached  on the UK album charts. The album was certified Gold by the RIAA.

Track listing

Side 1
 "Sunshine of Your Love" (Jack Bruce, Pete Brown, Eric Clapton) – 4:08
 Uncut version, from Cream's second album Disraeli Gears (1967), produced by Felix Pappalardi. Vocals: Jack Bruce/Eric Clapton.
 "Badge" (Clapton, George Harrison) – 2:45
 From Cream's fourth (and last original) album Goodbye (1969), produced by Felix Pappalardi. Vocal: Eric Clapton.
 "Crossroads" (Robert Johnson, arr. Clapton) – 4:13
 From Cream's third album Wheels of Fire (1968), produced by Felix Pappalardi. Recorded live at Winterland, San Francisco, California, 10 March 1968. Vocal: Eric Clapton.
 "White Room" (Bruce, Brown) – 3:04
 45 RPM single edit; uncut version appears on Wheels of Fire. Produced by Felix Pappalardi. Vocal: Jack Bruce.
 Early Spanish Polydor issues of the album (catalog no. 184298) include the uncut version of the song, running time 4:58.
 "SWLABR" (Bruce, Brown) – 2:31
 From Disraeli Gears. Produced by Felix Pappalardi. Vocal: Jack Bruce.

Side 2
 "Born Under a Bad Sign" (Booker T. Jones, William Bell) – 3:08
 From Wheels of Fire. Produced by Felix Pappalardi. Vocal: Jack Bruce.
 "Spoonful" (Willie Dixon) – 6:30
 Uncut version, from the international version of Cream's first album Fresh Cream (1966). Produced by Robert Stigwood. Vocal: Jack Bruce.
 "Tales of Brave Ulysses" (Clapton, Martin Sharp) – 2:50
 From Disraeli Gears. Produced by Felix Pappalardi. Vocal: Jack Bruce.
 "Strange Brew" (Clapton, Felix Pappalardi, Gail Collins Pappalardi) – 2:45
 From Disraeli Gears. Produced by Felix Pappalardi. Vocal: Eric Clapton.
 "I Feel Free" (Bruce, Brown) – 2:51
 From the U.S. version of Fresh Cream. Produced by Robert Stigwood. Vocals: Jack Bruce/Eric Clapton.

Personnel

Cream
 Jack Bruce – bass guitar, keyboards, vocals, harmonica on "Spoonful"
 Eric Clapton – lead guitar, rhythm guitar, vocals
 Ginger Baker – drums, percussion, vocals

Additional personnel
 Felix Pappalardi – piano, viola
 George Harrison – rhythm guitar and backing vocals on "Badge"

Charts

Certifications

Citation

Cream (band) compilation albums
1969 greatest hits albums
Atco Records compilation albums
RSO Records compilation albums
Albums produced by Robert Stigwood
Albums produced by Felix Pappalardi


Arkady Alexandrovich Sobolev (,  1903–December 1, 1964) was a Russian Soviet diplomat who served as the Soviet ambassador to the United Nations between 1955 and 1960. He was a specialist in international law. He was also under-secretary for Security and Political Affairs between 1946 and 1949 and Soviet Ambassador to Poland between 1951 and 1953.
He died in Moscow following a long illness.

Sobolov was born in 1903 in Danilkino, Galich district, Kostroma, Russian Empire.

Alger Hiss, Secretary-General of the San Francisco Conference, where the UN Charter was drafted and signed, spoke about the role of Sobolev and US delegate Leo Pasvolsky:
"they were the draftsmen of the Charter in San Francisco. Now, the outline had been written before; I'm talking about
the specific language which is a very important part of any treaty, I think it was Pasvolsky and Sobolev who were really responsible for the form the Charter took." Sobolev and Pasvolsky had the primary responsibility to "put the various drafts together into a working text."

References

1903 births
1964 deaths
Permanent Representatives of the Soviet Union to the United Nations
Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to Poland


John William Kirton (18 July 1871 – 13 March 1939) was an English professional footballer who made 45 appearances in the Football League playing for Lincoln City and Small Heath. He played as an outside left.

Kirton was born in Hulme, which was then in Lancashire. He played for Glossop North End and Oldham County of the Combination before joining Football League Second Division club Lincoln City in May 1896. From then on, he changed club at the end of each season. With Small Heath in the Second Division, he created many of Walter Abbott's 19 goals in the 1897–98 season. His next move was to Swindon Town of the Southern League, then First Division club Sunderland, where he never achieved a first-team place. A return to Swindon preceded a final move in the 1901 close season, this time to Millwall Athletic, also of the Southern League.

He died in Kilburn, London, in 1939 at the age of 67.

References

1871 births
1939 deaths
People from Hulme
English men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Glossop North End A.F.C. players
Oldham County F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Swindon Town F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
English Football League players
Southern Football League players


Gol-e-Sorkh is a square in Shiraz, Iran. A square near the Shiraz International Airport. It was originally famous for being filled with red roses (Gol-e-Sorkh).

It is now the starting place of the Shiraz Metro line.

Buildings and structures in Shiraz
Squares in Iran


Anai patti or Nagaiya Goundan patti is a village in the Theni district in the western part of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

References

Villages in Theni district


Andreas Hackethal is a Professor of Finance and the Dean of the Goethe Business School at the Goethe University Frankfurt.

Life

Andreas Hackethal earned his degrees in Business Administration from Goethe University Frankfurt and the University of Iowa. He finished his doctoral studies at Goethe University in 1999 and received his postdoctoral lecture qualification (Habilitation) from Goethe University in 2005. Parallel to his academic career he spent two years in banking and eight years in strategy consulting. From 2005 to 2007 he held a position as Finance Professor and was head of Finance Department at European Business School in Oestrich-Winkel, Germany.

In 2008 he joined Goethe University in Frankfurt as a tenured Professor of Finance. From 2008 to 2011 he served as the dean of Goethe Business School, the center for high-quality management education at Goethe University. Since October 2011, he is the Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration at Goethe University.

His research fields are personal finance and empirical banking. He directs the Retail Banking Competence Center at Goethe University and he is one of the directors of the Frankfurt and Darmstadt-based E-Finance Lab.

Since 2009, he is a member of the advisory council of the German Financial Services Authority BaFin and since late 2011 he is also a member of the Exchance Experts Commission which advises the German Federal Ministry of Finance.

In 2010 he won the award “German Professor of the Year 2010” by the student magazine “unicum Beruf” for commitment to student careers.

Selected publications
 Is Unbiased Financial Advice to Retail Investors Sufficient? Answers from a Large Field Study. (with Bhattacharya, U., Kaesler, S., Loos, B., Meyer, S.), Review of Financial Studies, 2012
 Financial Advice: A Case of Babysitters. (with Haliassos, M. and Japelli, T.), Journal of Banking and Finance,  2011
 The Anatomy of Bank Diversification. (with Ralf Elsas and Markus Holzhäuser), Journal of Banking and Finance, 2010.
 Corporate Governance in Germany: Transition to a Modern Capital Market-Based System? (with R.H. Schmidt, M. Tyrell), Journal of *Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), 2003
 Disintermediation and the Role of Banks in Europe: An International Comparison (with  R.H. Schmidt, M. Tyrell), Journal of Financial Intermediation, 1999

References

External links
 Goethe University Frankfurt
 Goethe Business School
 Goethe University Frankfurt / Finance

University of Iowa alumni
Living people
Academic staff of Goethe University Frankfurt
Goethe University Frankfurt alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)


Qualifying Small Enterprises (QSEs) are part of one of the categories of South African businesses as per the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Act. "The Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act (53/2003): Codes of Good Practice on Black Economic Empowerment" was gazetted on 9 February 2007. The businessy with a turnover between R10 million and R50 million, as measured by using the QSE Scorecard.

Differences between BEE for QSEs and generic (large) enterprises

The differences are substantial and the compliance with the measurement criteria for QSEs is far less onerous than for large enterprises. The first difference relates to the weighting of each element of the codes. For large enterprises the codes are weighted differently, with various weightings from 5% to 20%. (The section on Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment has more details.) However each category for a QSE has a weighting of 25%, and only four must be measured.

QSEs are measured in terms of Code 800 of "The Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act (53/2003): Codes of Good Practice on Black Economic Empowerment" as opposed to Code 100 through 700. However, codes 100–700 provide the theoretical background upon which Code 800 is based and so it is imperative for QSEs to understand the full Act.

Measurement
In terms of Code 800 of the Act, QSEs must be measured in terms of the seven pillars or elements of BEEs:

Internal Elements
Statement 801 Ownership
Statement 802 Management & Control
Statement 803 Employment Equity
Statement 804 Skills Development

External Elements
Statement 805 Preferential Procurement
Statement 806 Enterprise Development
Statement 807 Socio-Economic Development

QSEs may choose their best four elements to calculate their BEE score and related B-BBEE contributor status. Each element carry a 25% weighting.

Each element has its own goals by which it measures the measured entity.

Statement 801: Ownership

Ownership is calculated as a score based on the 'Black' Shareholding as a percentage of total shareholding. It looks at three basic elements of ownership, namely: Voting Rights; Economic Interest & Ownership Fulfilment.

Voting rights refers to the capacity of 'Black' shareholders to be involved with voting and decision making within the entity. Economic interest is the benefit received by 'Black' shareholders as a percentage of dividends/distributions.

Ownership fulfilment is the actual value of ownership that a shareholder realises after liabilities are subtracted; this works on a sliding scale. For instance it is only assumed that 10% of the liability incurred to purchase shareholding would be paid off in the first year. This increases to 20% for year two, 40% for year three and four; 60% for year five and six; 80% for year 7 and 8, and 100% for year 9 onwards.

The Ownership Goals for QSEs are as follows:

Ownership Fulfilment and Net Value are calculated by working out what the real ownership of a shareholder is when less liability; e.g., if a shareholder owns R1 000,000 worth of shares, but has incurred R1 000,000 worth of liability to purchase those shares, then the net-value of his ownership is zero.

Statement 802: Management & Control

A QSE's management & control score is calculated in terms of Black Top Management as a percentage of all top management. Traditionally Top Management of QSEs are the directors and executives, those who are involved in the strategic leading and decision making within the enterprise.

Note: Any Black Top Management Employees that are counted for the management & control score can not be included in the calculation of the employment equity (statement 803) score.

Statement 803: Employment Equity

A QSE's Employment equity score is calculated in terms of the number of 'black' employees as a percentage of all employees. The QSE scorecard looks at two categories of employees, namely management and non-management and the score is based on goals below. (Large enterprises look only at employees in management positions to calculate their employment equity score in terms of code 300.)

Note: Any Black Top Management Employees that are counted for the management & control score cannot be included in the calculation of the employment equity (statement 803) score.

Both Targets are calculated using adjusted recognition for gender. This calculation takes place as follows:

Total Black Employees/2 + Black Female employees

E.G.: I have 5 employees, 4 black (3 male; 1 female) & 1 White Male.
My calculation is as follows:

4/2+1= 3, so 3/5 = 60% which is my measured goal

Statement 804: Skills Development
A QSE's Skills Development score is calculated based on the enterprises spend benefiting 'black' employees on qualifying skills training using adjusted recognition for gender (see above). The goal is that an enterprise should spend 6% of the leviable amount as defined by the skills development levies act of 1999. This is essentially the gross salaries and wages.

Statement 805: Preferential Procurement

The Preferential Procurement score is calculated by working out the recognised BEE procurement spent as a percentage of total procurement spent. To do this an enterprise must collect all the BEE certificates of their suppliers to find out what recognition each of the suppliers offers.

Each supplier should have a certificate which indicates its B-BBEE recognition on it. If a supplier does not have a certificate it is assumed that the supplier offers a 0% recognition.

Preferential Procurement Goal

EXAMPLE: If I have 5 Suppliers and I spend R100 on each of them

In this example measured entity can recognise R280 worth of my R500 spent, thus 56% of my procurement spent is recognised and they will receive full points for the element.

Statement 806: Enterprise Development
The QSE Enterprise Development score is calculated in terms of contribution towards enterprise development activities. These are contributions aimed at facilitating the sustainable growth or establishment of new "black owned" enterprises. The goal is that a measured entity spend 2% of its Net Profit After Tax (NPAT) on enterprise development activities.

NPAT = Net Profit After Tax

Statement 807: Socio-Economic Development

The QSE Socio-Economic Development score is calculated in terms of contribution towards socio-economic development activities. These are contributions aimed at creating sustainable access to the economy for historically disadvantaged South Africans. The goal is that a measured entity spend 1% of its Net Profit After Tax (NPAT) on enterprise development activities.

NPAT = Net Profit After Tax

BEE strategy
For a QSE, complying with BEE can create substantial competitive advantage and thus have a very positive effect on the business. The competitive advantage is routed in preferential procurement because large businesses must spend 10% of their total recognised procurement on businesses with a turnover of less than R35 million.

In addition, it is relatively easy for QSEs to achieve a good BEE score, irrespective of the percentage of black ownership, because they need to measure only their four best elements.

References

Black economic empowerment
Society of South Africa


Myriad Editions is an independent UK publishing house based in Brighton and Hove, Sussex, specialising in topical atlases, graphic non-fiction and original fiction, whose output also encompasses graphic novels that span a variety of genres, including memoir and life writing, as well political non-fiction. The company was set up in 1993 by Anne Benewick, together with Judith Mackay, as a packager of infographic atlases.

In 2005, Myriad began publishing under its own imprint, with Candida Lacey as Publishing Director. With its stated aim being "to showcase new writers and artists, build fresh audiences for their work, and establish a literary niche against the mainstream", Myriad has built a reputation for discovering and nurturing award-winning authors, such as Jonathan Kemp, Elizabeth Haynes, Lesley Thomson, Darryl Cunningham, and Natasha Soobramanien.

Myriad's Creative Director, Corinne Pearlman, has stated: "Myriad's mission statement is quite simply to look for new voices, new ways of seeing. The First Drafts Competition for new writers who haven't yet been published has been a highly influential in bringing authors to our attention whom we go on to publish – or who find agents and other publishers as a result of their shortlisting. And the First Graphic Novel Competition was set up to reflect this – to encourage potential graphic novelists to get in on the act, whether established artists looking to adopt a new medium, or young artists on the first rung of the ladder, or experienced comics artists who had never before attempted a long-form work of graphic narrative."

In May 2017, Myriad Editions merged with Oxford-based independent, non-profit media co-operative New Internationalist.

History

Myriad Editions was set up as a book packager in 1993 by Anne Benewick (1937–1998), who had been one of the founders of Pluto Press in the 1970s. Myriad's flagship atlas, The State of the World Atlas, was originally devised by Michael Kidron and Ronald Segal and is now authored by leading international peace researcher Dan Smith, OBE. It has sold more than 700,000 copies worldwide.

Myriad Editions continues to publish award-winning atlases that map political, social and environmental concerns. Most of the atlases are distributed internationally, through publishers including Penguin and the University of California Press in the US, Earthscan in the UK, Éditions Autrement in France, Eva in Germany, Obeikan in Saudi Arabia, Publifolha in Brazil, Maruzen in Japan, Sigma in Taiwan and Pajera in Thailand.

Myriad Editions also publishes special projects for the United Nations and other international organizations. These include a miniAtlas series on global development for the World Bank and a series of atlases on health issues for the World Health Organization and the American Cancer Society (with authors including Judith Mackay).

In 2005, Myriad Editions published The Brighton Book, a mixture of reportage, fiction, graphics and photographs; contributors included Jeanette Winterson and Nigella Lawson, alongside new writers. The imprint went on to publish full-length novels written by two of the anthology's contributors: Martine McDonagh's I Have Waited, and You Have Come and Lesley Thomson's A Kind of Vanishing.

In 2009, the independent publishing company was awarded an Arts Council England grant to further develop their fiction publishing. With this funding, Myriad was able to publish two début novels by local authors in 2009, The Cloths of Heaven by Sue Eckstein and Glasshopper by Isabel Ashdown.

In Spring 2010, Myriad Editions launched a fiction list with three new novels: The Noise of Strangers by Robert Dickinson, The Clay Dreaming by comic artist Ed Hillyer and The Spider Truces by Tom Connolly. The company went on to publish several more new novels, including Quilt, by Nicholas Royle, Invisibles by Ed Siegle, 4 a.m. by Nina de la Mer, Elizabeth Haynes's Into the Darkest Corner, winner of Amazon's Book of the Year in 2011 and Amazon's Rising Star Award for debut novels, and Sue Eckstein's second book, Interpreters.

The Myriad fiction list initially focused on first-time authors from the south-east of England but in 2013 the company increased and broadened its output, taking on titles from a more national and international perspective, as well as graphic novels. Among recent acquisitions are Belonging by Umi Sinha, Blackheath by Adam Baron, Noon in Paris, Eight in Chicago by Douglas Cowie, and North Facing by Tony Peake. Benjamin Johncock's novel The Pilot, published by Myriad in 2016, won the Best First Novel Award from the Authors' Club. Other well received titles include Billy, Me & You by Nicola Streeten, the first long-form graphic memoir by a British woman to have been published, which was Highly Commended in the Popular Medicine category of the British Medical Association Medical Book Awards 2012, and The Inking Woman: 250 Years of Women Cartoon and Comics Artists in Britain.

The Myriad non-fiction list includes books by such notable authors as Michael Norton OBE (365 Ways to Change the World, 2008), Lorna Goodison (Redemption Ground: Essays and Adventures, 2018) and Cynthia Enloe (The Big Push: Exposing and Challenging the Persistence of Patriarchy, 2018).

In March 2019, Myriad Editions published New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent, edited by Margaret Busby (a follow-up to her 1992 Daughters of Africa), and in a collaboration with SOAS University of London launched an award linked to the anthology, the Margaret Busby New Daughters of Africa Award.

Merger with New Internationalist
In May 2017, a merger was announced between Myriad Editions and Oxford-based non-profit media co-operative New Internationalist (NI), whereby Myriad would continue to publish under its own imprint, with Candida Lacey and Corinne Pearlman remaining Publishing and Creative Directors respectively, while using the additional creative, sales and administrative resources of New Internationalist and having a presence in Oxford as well as in Brighton and London. Lacey said in a 2018 interview: "The merger has given us the ability to go global, beyond publishing UK-based debuts, and to build up a world literature list, allowing us to look for more diversity in writers and reach a wider readership that we didn't have before. NI has provided valuable editorial support in this area because of its track record in publishing political non-fiction and African fiction - where it has led the way, publishing the Caine Prize anthology every year."

Lacey stepped down as publisher of Myriad in September 2021.

Competitions

First Fictions
In 2012, a biennial "boutique literary festival" called First Fictions was established by Myriad Editions in collaboration with the University of Sussex, with the aim of celebrating and championing first novels, both past and present.

First Drafts and First Graphic Novel Competition
As part of Myriad Editions' stated mission to support new writers and uncover new talent they organise two competitions for work in progress, in order to enable promising writers to benefit from constructive and professional feedback at an early stage in their careers.

The First Drafts competition (formerly called the Writer's Retreat Competition) has since 2010 been open to all writers who have not yet published or self-published a book of fiction to submit a prose fiction work-in-progress, the prize being a week-long writing retreat at West Dean College, near Chichester, in addition to detailed editorial feedback and mentoring by a Myriad author. A special edition of the First Drafts competition in 2018 invited submissions from women writers of African heritage, with the opportunity to win a place in New Daughters of Africa, edited by Margaret Busby. In November 2018, Rutendo Chabikwa and Anni Domingo were announced as the joint winners.

The First Graphic Novel Competition, held every two years, offers winners "the opportunity to develop their work with Myriad's creative and editorial team, with a view to future publication". The prize was first awarded in 2012, with the winner being published by Myriad the following year.

Myriad Comic Cuts
In 2017, Myriad teamed up with comedy television company Roughcut Television to launch the Myriad Comic Cuts graphic novel competition to find comedy drama scripts in graphic novel form that can be developed into a comic drama series for television.

Mission and current focus

Myriad Editions states that its mission is "to make the personal political and the local international... to find new ways of seeing the world and our place within it. To this end, we are proud to publish extraordinary storytellers and their remarkable work—fiction or nonfiction, mapped, drawn or written, these are books for our times." A 2018 article described the company as "that rarest of beasts: a publisher that not only pushes the boundaries of what can be said, but also how we go about speaking. They produce new ways of seeing the world, through graphic novels, extraordinary fiction, explorative non-fiction, and even atlases." As publishing director, Candida Lacey said: "Today it feels more important than ever to find new ways of seeing the world and our place within it. We're interested in the story an author is telling, not whether the book is fiction or nonfiction, mapped, drawn or written. We need new ways of understanding the past and its relevance to the present; new ways of highlighting inequality and injustice; new ways to make the world a better place."

Notable Myriad authors include Lisa Allen-Agostini, Isabel Ashdown, Sefi Atta, Elleke Boehmer, Margaret Busby, Kate Charlesworth, Darryl Cunningham, Cynthia Enloe, Kate Evans, Lorna Goodison, Elizabeth Haynes, Kathryn Heyman, Ed Hillyer, Manu Joseph, Panos Karnezis, Jonathan Kemp, Susheila Nasta, Tony Peake, Woodrow Phoenix, Nicola Streeten and Lesley Thomson.

See also

Isabel Ashdown
Ed Hillyer
Judith Mackay
Michael Kidron

References

External links
Official website
 Myriad Editions at Turnaround.
 "Spotlight on Publishers: Myriad Editions" (interview with Candida Lacey), Shiny New Books, 2018.
 "Women Making Comics: Interview with Corinne Pearlman of Myriad Editions", 5 February 2016.
 Jackie Law, "Q&A with Myriad Editions", Neverimitate, 13 April 2016.
 "Ask a Publisher: Candida Lacey from Myriad Editions", The Turnaround Blog, 6 September 2019.

1993 establishments in the United Kingdom
Book packagers
Book publishing companies of the United Kingdom
British companies established in 1993
Companies based in Brighton and Hove
Companies based in Oxford


Dawn Kotoski (born 1966) is an American operatic soprano who has a substantial international opera career. She began her career at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City during the late 1980s singing lighter lyric soprano and soubrette roles. She joined the Vienna State Opera for the 1993–1994 season and since then her career has been centered mostly in Europe. She is the wife of tenor Neil Shicoff.

Biography
Born in Baltimore, Maryland, Kotoski studied at the Manhattan School of Music and then entered the Young Artist Program at the Metropolitan Opera. She made her professional opera debut at the Met as Poussette in Jules Massenet's Manon on 22 September 1987 with Catherine Malfitano in the title role. She sang several more roles at the Met over the next couple years including Giannetta in Gaetano Donizetti's L'elisir d'amore with Dawn Upshaw, Ruth Ann Swenson, and Kathleen Battle alternating as Adina (1988–1989), the Dew Fairy in Humperdinck's Hänsel und Gretel (1988–1989), and one of the unborn children in Richard Strauss's Die Frau ohne Schatten. In 1988 she sang the title role in Handel's Partenope with Opera Omaha and in 1989 she sang the role of Sophie in Massenet's Werther with the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis.

In 1990 she sang the role of Walter in Alfredo Catalani's La Wally with the Opera Orchestra of New York. That same year she won the Young Concert Artists International Auditions which led to her New York City recital debut at the 92nd Street Y on 13 November 1990 accompanied by pianist Warren Jones and flautist Eugenia Zukerman. She repeated the recital the following March at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. As a winner of YCA, she gave further recitals throughout the United States.  In 1991 Kotoski made her debut with the Lyric Opera of Chicago as Papagena in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's The Magic Flute, her debut with Calgary Opera as Sussana in Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro, and she sang the soprano solos in Mozart's Mass in C minor at the Mostly Mozart Festival. That same year she won Orchestra New England's soloist prize and she made her debut with the Canadian Opera Company as Marzelline in Beethoven's Fidelio. In 1992 she sang the role of Barbarina in a concert version of Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under the baton of Daniel Barenboim and she sang the role of Galatea in Handel's Acis and Galatea with the Seattle Symphony Orchestra and Chorus under conductor Gerard Schwarz.

In 1993 Kotoski sang the soprano solo in Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 4 with the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra at Carnegie Hall. By this time Kotoski was already living with her future husband, operatic tenor Neil Shicoff, and she gave birth to their son Alexander in December 1992. The couple eventually married in the spring of 1997. That same year she joined the Vienna State Opera where she sang for the 1993–1994 season in such roles as Pamina in The Magic Flute, Oscar in Giuseppe Verdi's Un ballo in maschera, and Musetta in Giacomo Puccini's La bohème. During this time she also sang the role of Gilda in Verdi's Rigoletto with the Opéra national du Rhin in Strasbourg, the role of Oscar at the Opéra Bastille in Paris and Servilia in "La clemenza di Tito" with Teatro Real in Madrid.

In 1994 Kotoski joined the roster at Zurich Opera where she sang in many roles through 2000, including Pamina, Sophie, Gilda, Juliette, Musetta, Lisabetta in Umberto Giordano's La cena delle beffe, and Adele in Die Fledermaus. In 1997 Kotoski sang the role of Zdenka in Richard Strauss's Arabella with Santa Fe Opera. In 1998 she sang Musetta at the Bavarian State Opera, Jemmy in Gioachino Rossini's William Tell at the Vienna State Opera, and Lisa in a concert version of Vincenzo Bellini's La sonnambula in Munich opposite Edita Gruberova as Amina. In 2000 she sang Zdenka opposite Cheryl Studer's Arabella at Opera Zurich.

After a 14-year professional career, Kotoski retired from the operatic stage in 2001 to concentrate on her family.

Discography

Complete operas

References

1966 births
Living people
American operatic sopranos
Singers from Baltimore
Soubrettes
Manhattan School of Music alumni
20th-century American women opera singers
21st-century American women


The Samora Machel Monument in Mbuzini, near Komatipoort in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa, marks the spot where the plane carrying the then-President of Mozambique crashed in 1986. It resulted in the deaths of President Machel and several Mozambican ministers. It was declared a National Heritage Site in 2006.

The monument was inaugurated by Joaquim Chissano and Nelson Mandela on 19 January 1999. It was constructed at a cost of $240,000 and incorporates some of the wreckage of the plane. Its central feature is 35 tubes of steel, symbolising the number of lives lost in the air crash, that create a wailing sound in the wind.

A planned R11.2 million upgrade was to add access roads, an amphitheater, a helipad and buildings.
In 2006 a nearby library with a collection of books in English and Portuguese was opened. A statue of Machel, donated by Norwegian anti-apartheid artists, was also erected at the site.

References

External links
Speech at the Unveiling of the Samora Machel Memorial by Nelson Mandela

Monuments and memorials in South Africa
Mozambique–South Africa relations
1999 establishments in South Africa


Dušan Trizna (born October 1, 1967) is a Slovak ski mountaineer and was member of the SSA national squad. Until the split of Czechoslovakia in 1993, he competed for the Czechoslovak team.

Selected results
 1998:
 4th, Patrouille des Glaciers  ("seniors I" ranking), together with Milan Madaj and Miroslav Leitner
 2001:
 7th, European Championship team race (together with Milan Madaj)
 2002:
 10th World Championship team race (together with Milan Madaj)

Pierra Menta

 1993: 3rd, together with Miroslav Leitner
 1994: 2nd, together with Milan Madaj
 1995: 2nd, together with Milan Madaj
 1996: 3rd, together with Milan Madaj
 1998: 8th, together with Milan Madaj
 2000: 6th, together with Milan Madaj
 2001: 9th, together with Milan Madaj

References

1967 births
Living people
Slovak male ski mountaineers
Czechoslovak male ski mountaineers


The Iraqi National Foundation Congress (INFC) is a civil society movement in Iraq. It was set up following the 2003 invasion of Iraq to offer a peaceful protest to the ongoing occupation of the country and press for a united Iraq, and explicitly eschews violence in its methodology.

Foundation and leadership

The congress was founded Saturday, 8 May 2004 by Sheikh Jawad al-Khalisi. A Shia, Al-Khalisi is the Imam of Al-Khadhimiya mosque in northern Baghdad. The group's spokesperson is Dr. Wamidh Nadhmi, a senior political scientist at Baghdad University.

The membership of the congress is diverse, including woman's rights groups, religious groups and nationalists. They include Nasserites, leftists and Ba'athists from the era before Saddam, as well as Kurds, Christians, representatives of the powerful Sunni movement the Association of Muslim Scholars, which has close links with Falluja and other strongly anti-American cities, and Sheikh Khalisi's own Shia friends and colleagues.

Political views

Whilst favouring elections, the INFC boycotted popular polls held in Iraq in 2005, stating that it would be wrong to participate whilst 'under occupation' and whilst crimes are being committed against the Iraqi people, "especially the savage massacres in Falluja". As a result of this the group itself has yet to achieve any democratic legitimacy at the ballot box. Their attitude is summed up by the closing statement of their 2005 congressional session:

The group actively attempts to move beyond the sectarianism that is rife in Iraqi society post-invasion, expressed through their re-adoption of communal prayer across religious groups. The 2005 congressional session also states the commitment to 'Arab-Kurdish brotherhood', and that "it upholds the unity of Iraq as a people and territory, and its Islamic-Arabic identity in cultural non-ethnic terms". Commenting to Al-jazeera on an attack that killed 75 people at a Shia mosque, Al-Khalisi said:

INFC do however uphold the right of armed resistance to occupation, but condemn the targeting of Iraqis and the taking of hostages as a tactic.

With regard to the Israel–Palestine issue, the INFC adopts a hardline position. The 2005 congressional session states that 'It [INFC] rejects the establishment of any political or normalisation links with the Zionist, usurper settler entity'. It also makes reference to "US-imperialist and Zionist plans to impose its will on humanity".

See also

Iraq Insurgency
Sectarian violence in Iraq
Sunni-Shia relations

References

Opposition to the Iraq War


The 1997 Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden was the second race of the 1997 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 14 June in the Motorstadium in Linköping, Sweden It was the third Swedish SGP and was won by Polish rider Tomasz Gollob. It was the second win of his career.

Starting positions draw

The Speedway Grand Prix Commission nominated Jason Crump from Australia as Wild Card.

Heat details

The intermediate classification

See also
 Speedway Grand Prix
 List of Speedway Grand Prix riders

References

External links
 FIM-live.com
 SpeedwayWorld.tv

Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden
S
1997


Lunjiao () is a sub-district in Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China, which is in the east of Shunde and a part of the city zone. It has a resident population of 100,000 and a total area of .

References

External links
Official site of Lunjiao Government (Chinese Version)

Shunde District
Township-level divisions of Guangdong
Subdistricts of the People's Republic of China


Beilun River (), or Ka Long River (), Bắc Luân River () is a river of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southwest China and Quảng Ninh Province in northeast Vietnam. It runs roughly along the last stretch of the land border of the China-Vietnam border.

Rivers of Guangxi
Rivers of Quảng Ninh province
International rivers of Asia
China–Vietnam border
Rivers of Vietnam


Kinh Thầy River is a river of Hải Dương Province in northeast Vietnam.

References

Rivers of Hải Dương province
Rivers of Vietnam


Rugby league is a team sport that is played in several regions of Spain.

A competition was formed in Catalonia by the Associació Catalana de Rugby Lliga in 2008 and ran for three seasons. The sport returned to Spain with the formation of the Spanish Rugby League Association in 2013. New clubs have subsequently formed in the Valencian Community, Madrid, and Andalucia.

History
On 30 May 1993, XIII Catalan (of Perpignan) and the Huddersfield Giants contested the Alex Angel Trophy at Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys in Barcelona. Huddersfield won 23–22.

Perpignan-based professional club Catalans Dragons have hosted two matches in Barcelona, in 2009 and 2019. A crowd of 31,555 at the latter game, played at Camp Nou against the Wigan Warriors, set a regular season attendance record for a standalone Super League match.

Governing body

The governing body for the sport in Spain is the Spanish Rugby League Association, which was formed in 2013.

Competitions
The first competition under a Spanish governing body (see Rugby league in Catalonia for previous history) began in 2014 with five clubs.

National team

The Spain national rugby league team was formed in 2014 and defeated  in their first match. By beating Latvia in a playoff and then Malta and Greece in an initial qualifying group in 2015, they advanced to the final qualifying stage for the 2017 Rugby League World Cup, where they were placed in a three team group (Pool B) alongside Russia and Ireland. Their first result was a 6-40 loss to Russia, at Fili Stadium, Moscow on 15 October 2016, and their second a 46-6 defeat by Ireland, which resulted in their elimination.

See also

Sport in Spain
Sport in Catalonia
Rugby league in Catalonia

References

External links
Official website


The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering research in combinatorial mathematics.
The journal was established in 1994 by Herbert Wilf (University of Pennsylvania) and Neil Calkin (Georgia Institute of Technology). The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics is a founding member of the Free Journal Network. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2017 impact factor of 0.762.

Editors-in-chief

Current
The current editors-in-chief at Electronic Journal of Combinatorics are:

 Maria Axenovich, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
 Miklós Bóna, University of Florida, United States
 Julia Böttcher, London School of Economics, United Kingdom
 Richard A. Brualdi, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
 Zdeněk Dvořák, Charles University, Czech Republic
 Eric Fusy, CNRS/LIX, École Polytechnique, France
 Catherine Greenhill, UNSW Sydney, Australia
 Felix Joos, Universität Heidelberg, Germany
 Brendan McKay, Australian National University, Australia
 Bojan Mohar, Simon Fraser University, Canada
 Marc Noy, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
 Greta Panova, University of Southern California, United States
 Alexey Pokrovskiy, University College London, United Kingdom
 Gordon Royle, University of Western Australia, Australia
 Bruce Sagan, Michigan State University, United States
 Paco Santos, University of Cantabria, Spain
 Maya Stein, University of Chile, Chile
 Edwin van Dam, Tilburg University, Netherlands
 Ian Wanless, Monash University, Australia
 David Wood, Monash University, Australia
 Qing Xiang, Southern University of Science and Technology, China

Since 2013, one of the editors-in-chief has been designated the Chief Editorial Officer. The present officer is Bruce Sagan.

Past
The following people have been editors-in-chief of the Electronic Journal of Combinatorics:

Dynamic surveys
In addition to publishing normal articles, the journal also contains a class of articles called Dynamic Surveys that are not assigned to volumes and can be repeatedly updated by the authors.

Open access
Since its inception, the journal has operated under the diamond-model open access model, charging no fees to either authors or readers.  It is a founding member of the Free Journal Network.

Copyright
Since its inception, the journal has left copyright of all published material with its authors. Instead, authors provide the journal with an irrevocable licence to publish and agree that any further publication of the material acknowledges the journal. Since 2018, authors have been strongly encouraged to release their articles under a Creative Commons license.

References

External links

Combinatorics journals
Academic journals established in 1994
Open access journals
English-language journals
Online-only journals


Skelmersdale  is a town in the West Lancashire district, in Lancashire, England, on the River Tawd,  west of Wigan,  northeast of Liverpool and  southwest of Preston. In 2006, it had a population of 38,813. The town is known locally as Skem .

While the first record of the town is in the Domesday Book of 1086, much of the town, including the current town centre, was developed as a second wave new town in the 1960s. The town's initial development as a coal town coincided with the Industrial Revolution  in the 19th century; the town lies on the Lancashire Coalfield.

Geography
Skelmersdale is situated in a small valley on the River Tawd. The town was designed to accommodate both nature and compact housing estates, and the town centre contains a large amount of forestation. The Beacon Country Park lies to the east of Skelmersdale, where the Beacon Point lies, along with a golf club. Furthermore, the Tawd Valley Park runs through the centre of the town, where improvement efforts from the council are currently ongoing.

The town borders Up Holland to the east, Ormskirk to the north-west, and St Helens to the south. Furthermore, the town lies on the periphery of Wigan and Greater Manchester. The M58 runs to the south of Skelmersdale, from Wigan to Liverpool.

The New Town is the larger eastern part of the town which was built primarily in the 1960s as a second wave new town, and the 'Old Town' is the much smaller and older part of the town in the south west; Skelmersdale was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. The town is further divided into seven wards: Skelmersdale North, Skelmersdale South, Birch Green, Ashurst, Digmoor, Moorside and Tanhouse.

History

Toponymy
Skelmersdale means "Skjaldmarr's valley", from the Old Norse personal name Skjaldmarr + probably Old Norse dalr (or Old English dæl) "dale, valley". The name was recorded as Skalmeresedel in 1136.

It is locally known as "Skem", with a further distinction being made between "Old Skem" (the area which was a small mining town before 1961) and the broader swathe of development on the east side of the town.

Early history
Until the creation of Skelmersdale Urban District Council at the end of the 19th century, the town was part of the Parish of Ormskirk in the West Derby hundred, an ancient subdivision of Lancashire, covering the southwest of the county.

In the mid-14th century, the manor of Skelmersdale was held by William Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre.

Modern history
In 1858, Blague Gate railway station in Skelmersdale was opened on the new Ormskirk to Rainford line. It was renamed to Skelmersdale railway station in 1874, before closing in 1956 and its demolition shortly after 1968.

Skelmersdale's population in 1851 was only 760, but 50 years later it had increased to 5,699. It was a busy coal mining town. There were over 100 fatalities in Skelmersdale collieries from 1851 to 1900, according to the Reports of the Inspectors of Coal Mines, and an unknown number of serious injuries. In 1880 there were 14 Skelmersdale collieries—most of them closed in the 1920s and '30s.

The miners, many of whom were Welsh immigrants, brought with them their own brand of Nonconformist Christianity. By the start of the 20th century there were at least six dissenting chapels in the town: two Wesleyan (Berry Street, closed in the 1920s, and Liverpool Road, closed 1969), an independent Methodist, a Primitive Methodist, a Congregational and a Welsh Chapel (closed in 1963).

Today, there is little to remind people that the town was part of the once great Lancashire Coalfield, although a Skelmersdale Heritage Society was re-established in 2019.

There were also numerous brickworks in the area, and in the early-20th century Victoria County History, Skelmersdale was described as "a particularly bare, unpleasing district" owing to its coal mines and brickworks.

New town
In 1961 Skelmersdale was designated a new town, designed to house overspill population from the north Liverpool conurbation. The town was the first in the second wave of designations.

Skelmersdale endured mixed economic fortunes during the last three decades of the 20th century. With the economic downturn in the late 1970s, large industrial employers left the town en masse, resulting in an increase in crime, drug abuse and poverty. Today, West Lancashire has a crime rate below the national average. 2006 saw a regeneration drive for the town coordinated through English Partnerships and the Northwest Regional Development Agency and publicly headed by the designer Wayne Hemingway. Among the proposals was a new central focus for the entertainment and commerce for the town in the evening.

In 2012, a £20m vision to create a regenerated town centre for Skelmersdale was revealed. It is expected to create as many as 500 permanent jobs, and current projections seem to satisfy that target. Although Skelmersdale faces a looming employment crisis, the regeneration of the town centre is a step towards recovery, and up to 100 extra jobs would be generated during the scheme's construction phase alone.

Proposals included a new food store as well as a number of bars, shops and restaurants, and a five-screen cinema. A new promenade would be fronted by these establishments to overlook the Tawd Valley Park, and a new civic square would also be created between the Concourse Shopping Centre and the town library. Regeneration specialists St Modwen have been working on the proposals with West Lancashire Council and the Homes and Communities Agency.

In January 2020, work began on a new Lidl supermarket and a B&M store, along with an additional vacant retail unit, and work began on a new two-screen cinema operated by US company Star Cinemas in May 2020, which opened in May 2021 under the name Ultra Star Cinema (However it was re-branded to “Capitol Cinema” in June 2021.) In June 2020, Lancashire County Council acquired the site of the former Glenburn Sports College, and approved £2 million of funding to demolish the site and prepare the location for development as a railway station. There are also plans to move forward with a new high street linking the Concourse Shopping Centre with West Lancashire College's campus.

The new Lidl store opened on the 9th June 2022, and the B&M store opened on the 6th July 2022. In addition to this, the third vacant retail unit was taken up by Poundstrecher, which opened on the 1st November 2022. In addition to this, the pathway between West Lancashire College and the Concourse Shopping Centre opened in June, however, the high street linking the two sites has not yet been constructed.

There are plans to redevelop the land behind the new Lidl store to build a new health and wellbeing centre, featuring a gym, swimming pool, café, and children's play park. This will also result in the demolition of the existing Nye Bevan site.

Transport

Road

Skelmersdale has been designed to work on a roundabout system and there is only one set of traffic lights in the town. For ease of access, there is a subway network allowing pedestrians to move through the town without needing to cross potentially hazardous roads. However, the subway system was called into question in 2020 by West Lancashire MP Rosie Cooper and others with regard to its safety and sustainability, as they are not regularly maintained by the county council.

The M58 motorway runs along the south of Skelmersdale from the nearby M6 motorway to the Switch Island interchange at Liverpool. The A570 and the A577 both provide connections.

The New Town areas of Skelmersdale have a road-naming system where residential streets rarely feature words such as "Road" and "Street" and single-name roads are common, e.g. Abbeywood, Fairburn, Brierfield, Thornwood. "Road", "Street", "Lane" and "Drive" do appear in road names, but only in the parts of the town that pre-date or post-date the New Town development. The road names in New Town areas are also arranged in a loosely alphabetical format with large areas being defined by a single letter, for example, Larkhill, Leeswood, Ledburn and Lindens all connect to Ashley Road in the Ashurst area.

Roads in the industrial estates and the main roads in the town such as Gillibrands Road follow the usual naming conventions, although the industrial estates do feature street names beginning with the same letter. For example, Pikelaw Place, Penketh Place, Pinfold Place and Priorswood Place are all part of the Pimbo Industrial Estate.

Bus

In September 2011, the company providing most of Skelmersdale's bus services, Arriva North West, closed its depot in Skelmersdale, which employed 129 people. The depot was first constructed for Ribble Motor Services in the 1970s, and the premises were sold. Skelmersdale is now served by buses from Arriva depots in St Helens, Bootle and Southport. In 2023, a Stagecoach service to Kirkby was introduced.

Rail
Since the closure of Skelmersdale railway station in 1956, the town has become the second most populous town in the North West, after Leigh, without a railway station. The nearest railway station is Upholland railway station on the Wigan Wallgate to Kirkby branch line (historically part of the Liverpool and Bury Railway line). The Skelmersdale Branch previously connected Skelmersdale to Ormskirk and Rainford Junction.

In 2009, Network Rail proposed to extend the existing quarter-hourly Liverpool Central to Kirkby service, to terminate at a new station in the centre of Skelmersdale. Rainford will then become an interchange station for services to and from Wigan Wallgate. In 2009, the Association of Train Operating Companies published a report, Connecting Communities, which also recommended the opening of a new rail link to Skelmersdale. This time the recommendation was via the Skelmersdale Branch from Ormskirk. In February 2017, Lancashire County Council identified the site of the former Glenburn Sports College / Westbank Campus site as the preferred location for a railway station for the town. Despite the Glenburn Sports College being owned by the council, the Westbank Campus site is owned by Newcastle College and requires purchase by the council in order for the station to be built.
In 2017, Merseytravel and Lancashire County Council committed £5 million into a study to investigate the possibility of re-opening the station. Combined with the creation of a new station at Headbolt Lane in Kirkby, it is believed that the scheme could cost around £300 million to develop.

In 2020, Lancashire County Council acquired the site of the former Glenburn Sports College, and approved £2 million to demolish the buildings on the site and prepare the area for the construction of a railway station.

Plans for the reopening were dealt a blow when the Department for Transport announced in July 2022 that it was rejecting the Strategic Outline Business Case. The DfT instead suggested that better bus links with the Kirkby–Wigan rail line would be a cheaper way of improving connectivity for Skelmersdale. This would be introduced with the 319 Stagecoach bus service, which runs between Skelmersdale Bus Station and Kirkby Railway Station, and will run to Headbolt Lane Railway Station when it is completed.

In 2022, Lancashire County Council announced that intends to 'dispose' of the former Glenburn Sports College and West Lancashire College land, under the School Standards and Framework Act 1988.

Education and culture
Skelmersdale has a number of primary schools, and has two high schools: Our Lady Queen of Peace Catholic Engineering College and Lathom High School. Glenburn Sports College closed on 31 August 2016 following an unsuccessful campaign backed by former local MP Rosie Cooper to prevent the closure.

West Lancashire College has a campus in the centre of the town. The college merged with Newcastle College in 2007 and was graded as 'good' in a recent Ofsted inspection. In 2021, Brian Cox launched the college's 'School of Science', a £1.3 million facility with the intention of increasing the number of students who study science, technology, engineering and mathematics.

There is a Transcendental Meditation movement community within Skelmersdale, called "European Sidhaland". It has a Maharishi School which, as of 2019, performed 'well above average' according to Ofsted. In 2011, it was one of 24 schools that applied for and received government funding as a flagship free school.

Skelmersdale is also home to a large public library with facilities including free internet access and an extensive local history section.

The town is host to a number of cultural and social organisations, such as the Artz Centre which provides opportunities in creative fields, and The Birchwood Centre which aims to reduce social isolation and homelessness.

The town featured in TV series Utopia and features in the musical Blood Brothers.

Social issues
According to urban planning consultancy Space Syntax, Skelmersdale's fragmented streets have made its centre relatively inaccessible and this has resulted in segregated land use. According to a 2017 Lancashire County Council report, Skelmersdale has one of the highest percentages of children living in poverty in Lancashire at 27%, and the highest accident and emergency attendance rate in Lancashire for 0–4 and 5–19 year olds. Furthermore, Skelmersdale's poverty levels are above the national average.

However, Skelmersdale's crime rates are below the Lancashire average at 66 crimes per 1,000 people, and was the tenth safest medium-sized town in Lancashire in 2020. Skelmersdale was the worst medium-sized town in Lancashire in 2020 for drugs.

Economy
Although consisting predominantly of housing estates, Skelmersdale's industry includes the Co-operative Bank which employs 650 people, distribution centres for Asda, P&G, Victorian Plumbing, a Walkers snack food factory, Chemist 4 U and many others. Skelmersdale formerly housed the corporate base and a distribution centre for Matalan, the discount clothing and homewares store, who later relocated to Knowsley Industrial Park. Frederick's Dairies, now owned by R&R Ice Cream UK Ltd who make ice cream for Cadbury, and many others, are located in Skelmersdale.

Town centre
Skelmersdale's town centre is made up of the Concourse Shopping Centre, (colloquially known as "the Connie") as well as the Asda supermarket, a library, a swimming pool and gym named after former Minister of Health Aneurin Bevan (however there are plans to redevelop these facilities), a Bannatynes Gym, West Lancashire College's main campus, a car garage and a new development including a Lidl supermarket, Poundstretcher and a B&M store.

The Concourse is home to a number of national chain stores such as Poundland, Home Bargains and Argos, as well as a McDonald's restaurant, KFC restaurant and a Domino's Pizza restaurant. McDonald's and KFC are located in the nearby car park, however the Domino's chain is located inside the shopping centre on the ground floor, with external doors to allow for access after shopping centre hours. The Concourse used to have an artwork by Alan Boyson, in the shape of a pyramid. The pyramid was located in front of the entrance opposite the ecumenical centre until the early to mid-1980s but was removed for safety reasons.

There are also smaller shopping parades in Skelmersdale which include Sandy Lane Shopping Centre, Digmoor Parade and Ashurst Shopping Centre.

Politics

Skelmersdale is in the West Lancashire parliamentary constituency, and has been represented by Ashley Dalton, a Labour Party MP, since the 2023 West Lancashire by-election. Furthermore, as of June 2021, Skelmersdale is represented by three Labour Party councillors across three wards on Lancashire County Council, and all twelve borough councillors for wards in Skelmersdale on West Lancashire Borough Council are members of the Labour Party. Until the 2021 United Kingdom local elections, Skelmersdale had only elected Labour Party councillors for over fifty years.

Skelmersdale Independent Party, established in February 2019, is active in the town and advocates for the establishment of a Skelmersdale Town Council. While the party has contested multiple seats on West Lancashire Borough Council, it has been unsuccessful in gaining seats.

Sports
The town's football team, Skelmersdale United F.C., plays in the West Division of the Northern Premier League and was a FA Vase winner in 1971. One of its former players, Steve Heighway, went on to play for Liverpool. Former Everton midfielder Leon Osman, who takes his son to Dalton St Michael's Primary School in nearby Dalton, played for the club in his youth. Former Cardiff City player Craig Noone also once played for the club. Skelmersdale Football Club is currently located at JMO Sports Park in the town.

The town is host to an archery club, the Bowmen of Skelmersdale, whose collective members hold 19 county records and 14 world records held by three members of the same family (Melissa-Jane, Harriet and Gary Daniel), six of which were claimed at the National Flight Championships on 19 August 2006 held at RAF Church Fenton. Furthermore, Skelmersdale Cricket Club was established in 1891.

The Merseyside Nighthawks, an American football team who play at JMO Sports Park in the town, are members of the BAFA National Leagues and play in the Premier North Division.

Cadet forces
Skelmersdale has units of the Air Training Corps, Army Cadet Force and Sea Cadet Corps. These units take part in the local community life and are routinely seen attending the Remembrance Sunday parade in the old town.

Air Training Corps
1439 (Skelmersdale) Squadron, Air Cadets, formed at Upholland Grammar School in 1941 as the 'Beacon Squadron' and provided airmanship training for young men and those about to join the RAF in time for the Battle of Britain. The squadron continues to provide airmanship training to young men and women in addition to other activities. They are based on Daniels Lane.

Army Cadet Force
The Army Cadets are part of 'S' Company of the Lancashire Force. They are based on Daniels Lane.

Sea Cadets Corps
The Sea Cadets has a unit in Skelmersdale that trains cadets aged from 10 to 17 years. The unit is located on Tawd Road.

Notable people

  Leon Osman is a footballer who was born in Wigan, but raised in Skelmersdale. He attended Up Holland High School and Winstanley College.
 Matt Woods, a footballer, was born in Skelmersdale. He played for multiple clubs, but most notably Everton F.C. and Blackburn Rovers F.C.
 John Anderton, professional footballer born in Skelmersdale.
 Thomas Aspinwall, trade unionist born in Bickerstaffe but lived in Skelmersdale
 Stephen James Bennett, musician and writer
 John Littlewood, chess player, born in Sheffield, resided in Skelmersdale.
 Harry Swainston, footballer at the turn of the 20th century for Burnley
 Simon Tong, musician who was a member of The Verve and guitarist for Damon Albarn.

Twin towns
West Lancashire is twinned with
Erkrath (Germany) and Cergy-Pontoise (France).

See also

Listed buildings in Skelmersdale
West Lancashire
Lancashire County Council
West Lancashire College
Lathom High School

References

Further reading
 Wilson, L. Hugh (1964) Skelmersdale new town planning proposals: report on basic plan prepared for the Skelmersdale Development Corporation by L. Hugh Wilson, Hugh Wilson & Lewis Womersley Chartered Architects & Town Planners, with a foreword by A. J. Kentish Barnes, Chairman of the Skelmersdale Development Corporation, Skelmersdale Development Corporation;
 Riley, Frank (1986) People in Need of a Future: A Survey of the Long-term Unemployed in Skelmersdale Ecumenical Centre, Northway, Skelmersdale;
 Howe, Don and Frank Riley (1982) Skem – The Broken Promise: Unemployment in Skelmersdale New Town Liverpool Industrial Ecumenical Mission;

External links

Skelmersdale Heritage Society website
Potential Rail Improvements in North Western England – Evidence presented to the Transport Select Committee, 2002–03
Skem News
Ormskirk & Skelmersdale Advertiser
Champion Newspapers

Towns in Lancashire
Planned communities in England
New towns started in the 1960s
Unparished areas in Lancashire
Former civil parishes in Lancashire
Geography of the Borough of West Lancashire


Cheriyachante Kroorakrithyangal (; ) is a 1979 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by avant-garde filmmaker John Abraham.

Themes

John Abraham, having deep knowledge in Marxist and Christian traditions, made his third film, Cheriyachente Kroora Krithyangal using Christian and feudal symbols in the backdrop of Kuttanadu, his home land. When he attacked the traditionalists in his earlier film Agraharathil Kazhuthai, in Cheriyachente Kroora Krithyangal, he attacked the feudal system and police atrocities during the feudal period in Kerala.

Awards
John Abraham won a Special Jury Award at the Kerala State Film Awards. Adoor Bhasi won the award for the best actor.

Cast
Adoor Bhasi as  Cheriyachen
Kaviyoor Ponnamma as Eliyamma
Abraham Joseph as Avarachan
Venu as Joykutty
Nedumudi Venu as Priest

Additional details
Also known as The Evil Deeds of Cherian, The Wicked Deeds of Cheriyachan, The Wicked Deeds of Father Cheriyan, Wicked Deeds of Cherian
Black and white
 Filming locations: Kuttanadu, Kerala

References

External links

Cheriyachante Kroora Krithyangal - Cinema Of Malayalam
 John Abraham - Profile in cinemaofmalayalam.net
 John Abraham - Weblokam profile
A tribute to Ritwik Ghatak by John

1970s avant-garde and experimental films
1970s Malayalam-language films
Films directed by John Abraham
Films scored by Johnson
Indian avant-garde and experimental films


Roma Porta San Paolo is the terminal train station of the Rome–Lido railway line in Rome (Italy).
The station is connected to the station Piramide of the metro (line B) and to the Roma Ostiense railway station of the Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. It has six tracks.

The edifice houses the ticket office and service structures, as well as a news-stand and a coffee shop. It also includes the Porta San Paolo Railway Museum.

History

The building of the station was started, together with the one of the railway, at the beginning of 1919, after the inauguration ceremony of December 30, 1918 in the presence of King Victor Emmanuel III.

The station was designed by Marcello Piacentini. A quite similar one was the Ostia Nuova terminal train station, whose foundation stone was laid on December 10, 1920, also in the presence of the King, and that was destroyed during the war.

The graffiti decorating the interior of the station are works by the Florentine artist Giulio Rosso.

The station and the railway line were inaugurated on August 10, 1924, with a special ride, in which Mussolini – who had become Prime Minister in the meanwhile – took part.

Services
The station has available the following services:
 Ticket office
 Accessibility to disabled persons
 Coffee shop
 News stand
 Museum

Interchanges

Metro
  Piramide station, Line B.

Railway

Roma Ostiense railway station

Buses
 Terminus station for ATAC bus and tram lines
Weekdays and holidays: 77 – 775
Weekdays only: 769
Night: n3d – n3s
 ATAC passing bus lines
Weekdays and holidays: 3 – 23 – 30EX – 75 – 83 – 280 – 715 – 716 – 718 – 719
Night: nMB – nME – n716

Porta San Paolo
Railway stations opened in 1924
Railway stations in Italy opened in the 1920s


Butterfly () is the tenth studio album by Taiwanese singer Jolin Tsai. It was released on March 27, 2009, by Warner and Mars. Tsai worked on the album with various producers, including Adia, Paul Lee, Peter Lee, and Paula Ma. It was poorly received by music critics, who commented that the tracks were popular but lacked surprise, sincerity, and breakthrough.

The album was pre-ordered more than 120,000 copies in Taiwan, becoming the country's most pre-ordered album of all time. It sold more than 1 million copies in Asia. In Taiwan, it sold more than 210,000 copies, becoming the year's highest-selling album.

Background and development
On July 4, 2008, Tsai's manager Howard Chiang said that Tsai would begin to work on her new album in August 2008. On October 14, 2008, it was reported that Tsai would sign a recording contract with Warner in December 2008, and Tsai had learnt new dance moves and had filmed music video in New York City by the end of September 2008, Howard Chiang said: "She is actively working on the album, and hope it would be released before the year end." On November 23, 2008, Tsai said that her new album would be released around Chinese New Year of 2009.

On December 16, 2008, Tsai signed a recording contract with Warner. On the same date, Tsai revealed that she had finished recording for her new album and would begin to film music videos, she added: "The album includes ten tracks based on dance-pop, and it merged different genres which I've never tried before, I also worked with F.I.R.'s Real Huang, he wrote a rock ballad for me, and it sounds very good." On January 29, 2009, Tsai said that her album would be released in late March 2009. On February 27, 2009, Tsai said that the album would include a duet with Nick Chou. On the same date, Warner indicated that the budget for the album would be more than NT$60 million.

Writing and production

"Real Man" is the Chinese version of Lexington Bridge's song under the same title, and it features Nick Chou. The song merged dance-pop with hip-hop, and it depicts modern women's criteria for ideal partner. "Compromise" is a rock ballad. It describes a helpless but common phenomenon in modern people's emotions, and Tsai said: "The concept of love which describes in the song is quite similar to mine when I fall in love, because I'll compromise a lot to my partner and finally get hurt, I don't dare to speak problems, and it's easy to lose myself, it's my biggest shortcoming. So interaction is very important to each other, not just unilateral compromise." "Butterfly" describes that modern women should insist to be themselves and not be afraid of other people's views. "Slow Life" is the Chinese version of Lena Philipsson's "Det gör ont", and Tsai said: "Modern people are in a hurry to deal with a lot of things, constantly changing relationships and jobs, we should actually slow down and enjoy the slow pace of life."

"Accompany with Me" is a tender and affectionate positive love song, and Tsai said: "This song is sweet and suitable for playing on the wedding day. It tells partner that you are my dependence, and I am willing to accompany you through life, age, illness, and death, it is very sweet." "Love Attraction" is a French-style romantic and sweet song, and it is the Chinese version of Vanessa Paradis's "Divine Idylle". "The Shadow Dancer" is based on the concept of "dancing in the dark", and it describes some people think only of their partner, just like the dancers in the dark can be only seen their shadow. In "Parachute", Tsai wishes people who expect love can have love falling from the sky like parachute, Tsai added: "I like to express my views on love in a figurative way." "You Hurt My Feelings" is a bitter and poignant love song which describes the lasting emotional hurt of one party in a love triangle. "Hot Winter" is the Chinese version of Monrose's "Hot Summer", and it is a hardcore heavy beat dance song. It takes environmental issue as the starting point to describe modern people's positive love attitude.

Title and artwork
The album's title "Butterfly" implies Tsai "breaking into a butterfly", and Tsai said: "I want to tell all the girls through the album, you should insist to be yourself, don't be afraid of other people's views, and be a beautiful butterfly." The album's standard cover art features Tsai wearing a pastel mini dress designed by The Blonds.

Release and promotion
The album was available for pre-order at all 7-Eleven stores on March 4, 2009 and at all record stores and online marketplaces on March 12, 2009 in Taiwan. On March 12, 2009, Tsai held an album preview session in Taipei, Taiwan. On March 23, 2009, Warner and Chunghwa Telecom jointly announced that they would release a digital edition of the album, which additionally includes a behind-the-scenes footage and the music video of "Butterfly", and it's the first digital album in Taiwan's history. On March 28, 2009, Tsai embarked on the Butterfly Campus Tour at Chung Hua University in Hsinchu, Taiwan. On March 29, 2009, Warner announced that the album had sold more than 120,000 copies in Taiwan. On April 7, 2008, it was revealed that Tsai had decided to cancel a planned concert tour which was expected to start in the same year, the tour was planned to begin in September 2009 and have 10 shows in Asia, and Tsai's manager Howard Chiang said: "She's probably going to take a long break since September." On May 9, 2009, Tsai held the Butterfly Concert in Taichung, Taiwan.

On May 22, 2009, Tsai released the ultimate edition of the album, and it additionally includes five music videos. In the same month, Tsai cancelled the remaining shows of the Butterfly Campus Tour due to reoccurrence of her old injury, and the tour eventually comprises only four shows. On June 2, 2009, Tsai held a press conference for the album in Beijing, China, and announced that it had sold more than 1 million copies in Asia. It peaked at number one on the weekly album sales charts of Chia Chia, Five Music, and G-Music in Taiwan. As of December 31, 2009, it had sold more than 210,000 copies in Taiwan, and it topped the 2009 album sales charts of Five Music and G-Music, becoming the year's highest-selling album in the country.

Live performances
On April 2, 2009, Tsai recorded the Chinese television show Star Magic 2009 and performed "Butterfly", "Real Man", and "Compromise". On April 3, 2009, Tsai performed "Butterfly", "Slow Life", and "Compromise" on the Chinese television show, Yin Yue Ji Jie Hao. On April 5, 2009, Tsai recorded the Chinese television show Happy Camp and performed "Real Man" and "Compromise". On April 26, 2009, Tsai performed "Butterfly" and "Real Man" at the 2009 Music Radio China Top Chart Awards. On May 2, 2009, Tsai performed "Real Man" at the J.S.G. Selections (Part 1). On July 11, 2009, Tsai performed "Butterfly" at the Chinese television show The Same Song.

On August 8, 2009, Tsai recorded the Chinese television show Pepsi's Voice of the New Generation and performed "Compromise". On August 9, 2009, Tsai performed "Compromise", "Real Man" and "Hot Winter" at the 2009 Metro Radio Mandarin Hits Music Awards. On September 2, 2009, Tsai performed "Compromise" at the Chinese television show, Super Talk Show. On January 24, 2010, Tsai performed "Compromise" at the 5th KKBox Music Awards. On February 12, 2010, Tsai performed "Real Man" and "Compromise" at a concert in Hualien, Taiwan. On April 24, 2009, Tsai performed "Butterfly" at the 2010 Music Radio China Top Chart Awards. Since then, Tsai performed songs from the album at a series of other events.

Single and music videos

On March 8, 2009, Tsai premiered the music video of "Real Man" on the Asia's largest LED-screen at The Place in Beijing, China, where she held a promotional event for the music video. It was directed by Marlboro Lai, and features Nick Chou. The choreography in the music video was choreographed by Jonte' Moaning. On March 9, 2009, Tsai released the single, "Real Man".

On March 23, 2009, Tsai released the music video of "Compromise". It was directed by Hsu Yun-hsuan, and it features Taiwanese actor Ethan Juan. On March 30, 2009, Tsai released the music video of "Butterfly", which was directed by Marlboro Lai. The choreography in the music video was choreographed by Bobby Newberry. It also features Tsai performing ballet routines, and she said: "Ballet is really hard to dance, ballerinas usually have to learn 10 to 20 years, and I only had three months to learn, so I only learned part of the essence, for instance the 32 fouetté from Swan Lake, but I can only do 20 fouetté, I really admire those ballerinas especially after I started to learn ballet, I also have a lot of room to improve, so I will also continue to practice." On April 14, 2009, Tsai released the music video of "Slow Life", which was directed by Marlboro Lai. On April 24, 2009, Tsai released the music video of "Accompany with Me", which was directed by Hsu Jun-ting and features Taiwanese actress Ivy Chen and actor Jason Tsou. "Real Man" and "Butterfly" reached number 25 and number 10 on the 2009 Hit FM Top 100 Singles of the Year, respectively.

Critical reception

Writing for NetEase, Xiao Huanxiong commented: "On the whole, Butterfly is absolutely a rare high quality commercial dance-pop album", and added: "We saw Tsai has not only improved her dancing skill, but her grasp and performance of ballads also raised to a higher level." Writing for Smart Info Magazine, Fei Bi'an gave the album 3 out of 5 stars, and wrote: "The tracks are popular, but after waited for a long time, Tsai plays safe without surprise and sincerity. She's been the top C-pop female singer for years, but her breakthrough on music is far less than that on her extreme challenges of dancing."

Ai Diren from NetEase commented: "In fact, Tsai's current embarrassment is also a common symptom in C-pop industry. On the one hand, dance-pop is another important music genre compared to ballad. On the other hand, Chinese production teams have no way to produce really good dance songs." Freshmusic gave the album 5 out of 10 stars, and wrote: "If it were an album from a new artist, the critical reception might be not too bad. But if it is the album from our C-pop diva after signed with her new label, what a disappointment." Music critic Harry commented: "I think she needs to spend some time on music other than dancing skills. Otherwise, in the end, everyone will only remember her excellent dancing skills but not her music, thus putting the cart before the horse."

Accolades
On May 3, 2009, "Real Man" won Favorite Mandarin Song at J.S.G. Selections (Part 1). On August 9, 2009, Tsai won Metro Radio Mandarin Hits Music Awards for Singer of the Year, Best Dancing Singer, and Best Stage Performance, "Real Man" won Best Dance Song, and "Compromise" won Top Songs. On December 20, 2009, Tsai won Migu Music Awards for Top Selling Female Singer and Top Album Selling Female Singer.

On January 23, 2010, "Real Man" won My Astro Music Awards for Top Dance Song and Top 20 Songs. On January 24, 2010, Tsai won a KKBox Music Award for Top 10 Singers. On January 31, 2010, "Compromise" won a Baidu Boiling Point Award for Top 10 Songs, and "Real Man" won Top 10 Songs, too. On April 11, 2010, Tsai won a Top Chinese Music Award for Most Influential Musicians of the Decade (Hong Kong/Taiwan), and "Butterfly" won Top 10 Songs of the Decade (Hong Kong/Taiwan). On April 24, 2010, Tsai won a Music Radio China Top Chart Award for Best Female Singer (Hong Kong/Taiwan), the album won Best Album (Hong Kong/Taiwan), and "Butterfly" won Top Songs (Hong Kong/Taiwan). In the same year, Tsai won a Hito Music Award for Most Weeks at Number One Album, and "Real Man" won Top 10 Songs.

Track listing

Release history

References

External links

2009 albums
Jolin Tsai albums
Warner Music Taiwan albums


"Old King Clancy" is the 18th episode in the fourth season of the television series How I Met Your Mother and 82nd overall. It originally aired on March 23, 2009.  In the episode, Ted struggles with his assignment to design Goliath National Bank's new headquarters, while Robin is cagey about an intimate encounter with a Canadian celebrity years earlier.

Plot
In spring 2009, Ted works on the Goliath National Bank (GNB) headquarters. But he chafes at the restrictions set by the executive supervising the project, Bilson (Bryan Callen), who prevents him from incorporating the naturalistic features that excite him. A new task force is put together to supervise Ted, and he feels engaged again; but then he learns that the building was scrapped a month earlier. Barney and Marshall admit that GNB decided to fire Ted due to cutting back on new expenditures to fund their lavish corporate retreats, but the company was contracted to pay him for two more months; Barney and Marshall hired a random group of people to pose as Ted's task force to avoid telling him the truth. Barney is able to get Ted a job designing an exact duplicate of the room in which GNB employees are fired; but when Ted creates an entirely new concept for the project, he is fired in the existing room. After attacking Bilson with a chair, Ted is also fired from his firm and decides to start his own business where he can be free from corporate thinking.

Meanwhile, Robin reveals that a Canadian celebrity once invited her home to see a collection he possessed, but she left after he propositioned her with a specific sex act. Lily is desperate for the specifics, and Robin agrees to divulge the details if the gang can correctly guess the celebrity, the nature of the collection, and the sex act. For three days, everyone continually offers guesses based on fictitious "Canadian sex acts". They finally give up, but Robin reveals that Canadian wrestler "The Frozen Snowshoe" (a fictional person, whom none of Robin's friends have heard of) invited her to see his collection of Harvey's trays (indistinguishable orange trays that are not considered collectors' items), and suggested she perform an "Old King Clancy"––King Clancy being a real-life early twentieth-century National Hockey League player––which involves maple syrup). Everyone is disappointed by the obscurity of every element of the story. A flashback to 2002 shows that it was really The Frozen Snowshoe who rejected Robin after she suggested the Old King Clancy.

Production
"Old King Clancy" is based on a true story. One of the show's writers told of an incident involving a friend who had met an American celebrity with a strange collection and also a strange sex proposition. The writers tried to guess who it was, what they collected and the sex act. After spending a lot of time on it, they decided to incorporate the idea into the show.

The website www.canadiansexacts.org is mentioned in the episode. Show staff created the website in reality, but instead of information about the supposed sex acts, it features images of Canadian actor Alan Thicke and messages stating that the webpage is undergoing maintenance.

Critical response

Donna Bowman of The A.V. Club gave the episode a B rating.

Michelle Zoromski of IGN gave the episode an 8.5 out of 10, citing the episode's ability "to stay light, even while dealing with topics like Ted losing his job."

References

External links

How I Met Your Mother (season 4) episodes
2009 American television episodes
Television episodes about termination of employment


Peter Svätojánsky (born January 12, 1977) is a Slovakian ski mountaineer and has been member of the SSA national squad since 1999.

Svätojánsky was born in Poprad. He started ski mountaineering in 1990 and competed first in 1992. He lives in Nová Lesná.

Selected results
 2001:
 3rd, European Championship team race (together with Miroslav Leitner)
 2002:
 3rd, World Championship team race (together with Miroslav Leitner)
 2004:
 5th, World Championship relay race (together with Miroslav Leitner, Branislav Kačina and Milan Madaj)
 7th, World Championship team race (together with Miroslav Leitner)
 7th, World Championship combination ranking
 2005:
 5th, European Championship relay race (together with Milan Madaj, Miroslav Leitner and Branislav Kačina)
 8th, European Championship team race (together with Miroslav Leitner)
 2006:
 4th, World Championship relay race (together with Miroslav Leitner, Milan Blaško und Milan Madaj)
 2008:
 5th, Mountain Attack marathon
 5th, World Championship single race
 9th, World Championship relay race (together with Miroslav Leitner, Jozef Hlavco and Juraj Laštík)

Pierra Menta

 2000: 4th, together with Miroslav Leitner
 2001: 4th, together with Miroslav Leitner
 2002: 8th, together with Miroslav Leitner
 2005: 9th, together with Miroslav Leitner
 2006: 9th, together with Milan Madaj
 2008: 3rd, together with Patrick Blanc
 2010: 9th, together with Andrzej Bargiel

Trofeo Mezzalama

 2003: 10th, together with Miroslav Leitner and Milan Madaj

External links
 Peter Svätojánsky at SkiMountaineering.org

1977 births
Living people
Slovak male ski mountaineers
Sportspeople from Poprad