Thomas Gilbert Pearson (1873–1943), was an American conservationist and one of the first faculty members at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. He was a founder of the National Association of Audubon Societies, which became the National Audubon Society. He was also a founder of the International Committee for Bird Protection (now BirdLife International).

Pearson grew up in the woods of central Florida, having moved there at the age of 9 from Dublin, Indiana.  He lived in a log cabin with his family of 3 brothers, 3 sisters, and his parents.  The Pearsons were members of the Society of Friends.  Encouraged by an older friend, Pearson began egg collecting.  This hobby caused him to play truant from school, which was one of the reasons for his bad school record.

At 13, he bought a gun, which he had long desired to own.  He learned that he could earn .90 to $1.25 by killing egrets to sell their plumes.  He also made money by selling many birds' eggs.

After learning how to mount birds, he gathered quite a collection.  He wrote to many schools and colleges, hoping to secure admission and pay for his education with his collection.  At the age of 18, in 1891, President Lyndon Hobbs of Guilford College accepted Pearson's offer.  In return, Pearson received board and tuition for two years if he would also collect and mount birds for the college.  At the end of 2 years of college, Pearson was given a scholarship to continue his studies at Guilford.  During his years at Guilford, he became editor of the college magazine, president of his literary society, manager of the baseball team, and captain of the football team.

After graduating from college, Pearson decided to devote his time and energy to arousing the people of North Carolina to the idea of protecting their fast-declining bird life.  He then became a biology teacher at Guilford College.  He also met Elsie Weatherly during this time.  The two married in 1902.

In 1901, Pearson accepted the chair of biology and geology at the State Normal and Industrial College in Greensboro (now the University of North Carolina at Greensboro).  He took his classes on walks in the outdoors, believing this to be as important as laboratory work with a microscope.  During this period, he published his first book, Stories of Bird Life.  The founder and first president of the National Association of Audubon Societies, William Dutcher, saw this book and encouraged Pearson to organize an Audubon Society in North Carolina.  This he did in 1902, launching himself upon a course that would lead to influential work in state and national legislation.

Pearson used the platform of the society created in North Carolina to encourage the legislature to pass a law that would be the states' first step towards wildlife conservation.  That law passed in 1903 and was known as the "Audubon Law."  It gave the Audubon Society the power to enforce wildlife laws in North Carolina and authorized the Society to hire game wardens to carry out the enforcement.  These efforts were funded by donations from individuals as well as the sale of non-resident hunting licenses for $10 each.  The non-resident licenses were wildly unpopular even though most non-resident hunters at the time had the means to pay the fee associated with the license.  It was their belief that the license went against the tradition of Southern hospitality.

Pearson also went up against the fashion industry in the hopes of putting an end to plume hunting.  These plumes were often used in the clothing of the day.  The millinery industry was particularly resistant to this change, as hats featuring fine feathers were very popular.  Milliners feared the demand for their products would plummet without the feathers.  Pearson, a great orator, convinced an audience of fashionably attired women by educating them about the plumes featured in their hats.  He detailed for them how each species of bird represented had been slaughtered on its breeding grounds.

Upon returning from a trip to Mexico in 1911, Pearson was greeted with claims that the Audubon Society was making money off license fees and fines and that the Society was spending taxpayer's money on wildlife protection.  Both of those claims were untrue.  The effects of those claims, however, were detrimental to the Audubon Law passed in 1903, as counties were now allowed to exempt themselves from the law.  At year's end, only 46 of the State's 100 counties remained under the law.  From that time on, they advocated for a State Game Commission that would not come about until 1927 when a State Division of Game and Inland Fisheries was created as part of the N.C. Department of Conservation and Development.  It would not be until 1947 with the help of the N.C. Wildlife Federation and other agencies that North Carolina would see an independent wildlife agency run by a professionally trained staff—the N.C. Wildlife Commission.

In 1924, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Laws from the University of North Carolina.  He received the medal of the John Burroughs Association, the National Order of the Oaken Crown from Luxembourg, and the medal of the Societe National d'Acclimatation from France.

Pearson became secretary of the National Association of Audubon Societies and later served as president for 14 years starting in 1920 with the death of William Dutcher.

References

 T. Gilbert Pearson (1873–1943)—Robert O'Hara
 Biography of T. Gilbert Pearson—T. Gilbert Pearson Audubon Society
 A Century of Conservation: Audubon Celebrates 100 Years in North Carolina (with some biographical material on Pearson)

External links

American ornithologists
1873 births
1943 deaths
American conservationists


Moonpig is an internet-based business whose head offices are situated in London and Guernsey. The company's business model is mainly selling personalised greeting cards, flowers and gifts. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

History
According to founder Nick Jenkins, "Moonpig" was his nickname at school in Newport, Shropshire, hence the name of the brand.

The original launch of Moonpig in 2000 coincided with the collapse of the dot-com bubble, which made progress difficult at first, but Jenkins raised further investment from private investors and venture capital, and the advent of broadband and digital cameras together with news spreading by word-of-mouth meant sales steadily increased, with the first profits being made in 2005. A television advertising campaign began in the United Kingdom in November 2006. 2 years and 4 months later, Moonpig received more internet traffic than other flower and gift companies in the UK. By summer 2009, the company had sold cards to 2.57 million customers and its profit record was seen by The Times as "a typical curve for a successful start-up – a big, £1 million loss establishing it in its first year, negligible losses edging into negligible earnings over the next six years, and thereafter a seven-figure profit".

The website was launched in July 2000, and in 2007 the company was responsible for 90 per cent of the online greeting card market in the United Kingdom, with nearly six million cards shipped.

In July 2011, Moonpig was bought by Photobox Group, which also owns Photobox, for £120m in a cash and shares transaction. Photobox was sold to a private equity firm Exponent Private Equity in 2015.

In 2019 Moonpig separated from Photobox Group. Moonpig Group was formed which encompassed Moonpig and Dutch equivalent Greetz.

On 2 February 2021 Moonpig Group was listed on the London Stock Exchange; its market capitalisation at the end of the first day of trading was over £1.2billion. Exponent sold shares as part of the listing, cutting its stake from 41% to 27%.

Security
In August 2013, a private developer discovered a vulnerability in the Moonpig API that made it possible for outsiders to retrieve the personal information of all three million of its users (names, birthdays, postal addresses, email addresses, phone numbers, the last four digits of credit card numbers, and credit card expiry dates), and informed Moonpig. Moonpig did nothing about it until the developer publicly announced the problem in January 2015, whereupon Moonpig disabled the API and its mobile apps pending an investigation. Moonpig issued a statement saying that "all password and payment information is and has always been safe".

References

Greeting cards
British brands
Design companies established in 2000
2011 mergers and acquisitions
Companies based in the London Borough of Camden


Salmo cettii, or the Mediterranean trout, is a species of trout, a freshwater fish in the family Salmonidae. It lives in the Mediterranean region in Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and on the Italian mainland in the Magra drainage and further south. It is a nonmigratory fish which lives in streams and in karstic resurgences. It is smaller than  in length. It is sometimes referred to Salmo trutta macrostigma, which depending on concept is either a more widespread Mediterranean taxon, or a taxon endemic to Algeria.

References

cetti
Fauna of Italy
Freshwater fish of Europe
Near threatened animals
Fish described in 1810
Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque


The 2009 NORCECA Beach Volleyball Circuit at Cayman Islands was held March 27–29, 2009 in Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. It was the first leg of the NORCECA Beach Volleyball Circuit 2009.

Women's competition

Men's competition

References
 Norceca Tournament Results
 BV Database (Archived 2009-08-01)
 CaymanActive (Archived 2009-08-01)

Cayman Islands
Beach Volleyball Circuit


The Last Song is a 2010 American coming-of-age teen romantic drama film developed alongside Nicholas Sparks' 2009 novel of the same name. The film was directed by Julie Anne Robinson in her feature film directorial debut and co-written by Sparks and Jeff Van Wie. The Last Song stars Miley Cyrus, Liam Hemsworth, and Greg Kinnear, and follows a troubled teenager as she reconnects with her estranged father and falls in love during a summer in a quiet Southern United States beach town.

Sparks was approached to write both the film's screenplay and the novel. Sparks completed the screenplay in January 2009, prior to the completion of the novel, making The Last Song his first script to be optioned for film. The setting, originally in North Carolina like the novel, relocated to Georgia after the states had campaigned for months to host production. Upon beginning production in Tybee Island, Georgia, and nearby Savannah, The Last Song became the first movie to be both filmed and set on Tybee Island. Filming lasted from June 15 to August 18, 2009, with much of it occurring on the island's beach and pier.

The Last Song was released by Touchstone Pictures on March 31, 2010, and was later released on Blu-ray and DVD on August 17, 2010. The film garnered negative reviews from critics, with many criticizing the script and Cyrus's performance, who felt she was miscast in the role. In spite of this, it grossed $89 million worldwide against a $20 million budget, making it a box office success.

Plot

At 17, Veronica "Ronnie" Miller has been rebellious since her parents divorced and her father moved to Georgia three years ago. She had been caught shoplifting in NYC, where she lives. Once a child prodigy pianist under her father, Steve Miller, Ronnie hasn't played piano nor spoken with him since. Juilliard School has been interested in her since she was young, but she refuses to attend.

Kim Miller sends the teen and her younger brother, Jonah, to spend the summer with Steve and reconnect. He is a former Juilliard School professor and concert pianist, who now lives quietly in Wrightsville Beach, his home town. He's making a replacement stained-glass window for the local church lost in a recent fire.

Upon arrival, Ronnie is hostile towards everyone, including handsome, popular Will Blakelee. He crashes into her during a volleyball match, dumping her shake on her. Shrugging him off, Ronnie meets Blaze, an outcast who lives with her boyfriend Marcus. That night, by a beach campfire, he hits on Ronnie and Blaze mistakenly thinks it's the other way around. In revenge, Blaze later gets her arrested for shoplifting.

Later, Ronnie discovers a loggerhead sea turtle nest by her dad's. Protecting it from raccoons, she meets Will again as he is an aquarium volunteer. After spending the whole night defending the eggs together, she discovers he is deeper guy than expected, and they connect on a deeper level.

The next day, Will takes Ronnie to the aquarium. She is told that it is part of his m.o. with girls. When Will returns to the turtle's nest, an irate Ronnie says she won't be just another girl and they should end it. They kiss passionately, becoming a couple.

Will takes Ronnie home believing his parents are away. She discovers he lives in a large, gated mansion and ends up meeting his parents as they returned early. After an awkward dinner, alone outside Will reveals his brother passed away recently. Will and Ronnie profess their mutual love, and she shows him she is a talented pianist.

At Will’s volleyball game, Ronnie hears locals blame her father for the church fire, but ignores them. When she receives the invitation to Will’s sister’s wedding, she shows her father in the church ruin and they discuss what caused the fire. When a distraught Ronnie laments about what he said to Will, he asks Scott to divulge the truth about what happened, but he refuses.

On the way to get a dress, Ronnie sees Marcus abandoning Blaze. She gives Blaze all the money Steve had given her for her dress, and in return Jonah helps her pay for and pick out her dress. At the wedding, as Ronnie and Will are enjoying themselves, Blaze thanks her: she has left Marcus and moved home. He suddenly arrives, causing a scene and provoking Will when he insults Ronnie.

Will and Ronnie arrive back at Steve’s and Jonah bursts out as the turtle eggs are hatching. While watching the eggs hatch, Steve collapses and is brought to the hospital. His terminal cancer has spread to his lungs, which is why Ronnie and Jonah are there for the summer.

Ronnie stays with Steve in the hospital while Jonah and Will continue with the stained-glass window. Steve’s cancer progresses and he eventually requests hospice at home. As Will and Jonah finished the window, they take Steve to see it installed. Feeling even more pressure from knowing the truth about the church fire, Will asks Scott again to confess, and he finally agrees.

Scott and Will come over and finally explain: Scott, Will, and other friends were behind the church horsing around with Marcus and his friends. Will had left, while Scott stayed. The church accidentally ignited as they were playing with fire. Scott allowed Steve to take the blame, although Will wanted to report the crime to the police. He did not out of loyalty to Scott. Steve insists on not reporting it and is OK with taking the blame. Ronnie overhears and breaks up with Will.

Kim arrives once they know of Steve’s condition. Jonah and Steve have a tearful moment before Jonah goes home to NYC while Ronnie stays to take care of him. She tries to make up for lost time with her father. She continues working on his composition (titled "For Ronnie"), as his hands ache. He is sitting, listening to her play, and dies just as she finishes.

At his funeral, Ronnie declares that no words could ever show how wonderful her father really was. Instead, she shares with them their song. As she sits to play, sunlight shines through the stained-glass window. She smiles as she feels he's there.

After the funeral, outside the church, Will tells Ronnie that both he and her dad liked the song and disappears into the crowd. Having decided to attend Juilliard, she is packing up to return to NYC when she sees Will outside. He apologizes for everything, surprising Ronnie by revealing that he will be transferring to Columbia University to be with her and they passionately kiss.

Cast

 Miley Cyrus as Veronica "Ronnie" L. Miller, an angry, rebellious 17-year-old forced to spend a summer with her estranged father. She later falls in love with Will.
 Liam Hemsworth as Will Blakelee, a popular and skilled beach volleyball player, Will aspires to attend a top university and volunteers at the Georgia Aquarium. He is Ronnie's love interest.
 Greg Kinnear as Steve Miller, Ronnie and Jonah's father, Kim's ex-husband, and former Juilliard School professor and concert pianist, who moved to Georgia after his divorce. After being diagnosed with terminal cancer and despite loving his family, he separated from them in order to cope.
 Kelly Preston as Kim Miller, Ronnie and Jonah's mother and Steve's ex-wife who raised her children in New York City after her divorce.
 Bobby Coleman as Jonah Miller,<ref name="lastsongbegun">{{cite web  | last = Touchstone Pictures  | author-link = Touchstone Pictures  | title = Touchstone Pictures "The Last Song" Kicks Off Production in Georgia  | work = HollywoodOutbreak.com  | date = June 17, 2009  | url = http://www.hollywoodoutbreak.com/2009/06/17/the-last-song-has-begun/| access-date = June 18, 2009}}</ref> Ronnie's younger brother.
 Nick Lashaway as Marcus, Blaze's abusive boyfriend.
 Carly Chaikin as Blaze, a rebel who befriends Ronnie shortly after arriving in Georgia.
 Adam Barnett as Teddy, a friend of Marcus.
 Kate Vernon as Susan Blakelee, Will's disapproving mother.
 Nick Searcy as Tom Blakelee, Will's father.
 Melissa Ordway as Ashley, Will's ex-girlfriend.
 Carrie Malabre as Cassie, Ashley's best friend.
 Rhoda Griffis as one of Steve's doctors.
 Lance E. Nichols as Pastor Charlie Harris, the kind, devout pastor of the local church.
 Hallock Beals as Scott, Will's best friend.
 Stephanie Leigh Schlund as Megan Blakelee, Will's older sister.

Production
DevelopmentThe Last Song began when Disney executive Jason Reed met with Miley Cyrus to discuss her future career plans. At the time, Cyrus had been known mainly for starring as a pop star on Disney Channel's Hannah Montana, a children's television series that had expanded into a globally successful media franchise. As the series neared its end, Disney hoped to create a star vehicle to help Cyrus break out of the pop persona she had developed through the franchise and to introduce Cyrus to older audiences. During her meeting with Reed, Cyrus expressed a desire to film a movie similar to A Walk to Remember, a 2002 film based on a novel by Nicholas Sparks. A Walk to Remember helped Mandy Moore, then a teen pop star much like Cyrus, launch an acting career. Disney called Adam Shankman, director of A Walk to Remember, who signed on to produce the potential Cyrus film along with his sister and Offspring Entertainment production company partner, Jennifer Gibgot. Tish Cyrus, Cyrus' mother and co-manager, became the film's executive producer. Cyrus' acting representation, United Talent Agency, then contacted Sparks, also a UTA client, to ask if he had plans for a novel appropriate for a film adaptation starring Cyrus.

At the time, Sparks had been wrapping up The Lucky One and beginning to ponder an original plot for his next book. The author told himself he could "either go younger than 20 or older than 50", having recently written about every age in between. Wary of venturing above 50 again after his best-seller The Notebook, Sparks had already been leaning toward writing a teenager story when he received a phone call from Gibgot on behalf of the film in August 2008. Sparks recalled, "Jennifer asked if I had anything laying around? I said no, but funny you should say that…" Sparks returned with a premise by the end of July 2008. Once the proposal had been agreed upon by Cyrus, her family, and Offspring Entertainment, Sparks, with the aid of co-screenplay writer Jeff Van Wie, completed the screenplay before starting the book. Sparks explained that such an arrangement was necessary  to accommodate filming in summer 2009, as Disney had scheduled, but, "this is similar to the way it's gone with movies based on my novels; it's just out of order." Sparks and Van Wie completed the first draft of the screenplay in December 2008, the first rewrite later that month, and the second and final rewrite in January 2009. Both rewrites took about one or two days, and Sparks found them relatively simple. The finished screenplay was approximately 100 pages long. While The Last Song is not the first screenplay Sparks has written, it is his first to be optioned for film. The novel was completed in June 2009, the same time shooting for the film began, and was published on September 8, 2009 by Grand Central Publishing. The plot of the film and novel remained secret throughout development.

Julie Anne Robinson signed on to direct the film in May 2009, attracted by the emotion present in the story. The Last Song is Robinson's first feature film, although she is a veteran of television and theater. Robinson previously helmed episodes of American series such as Weeds and Grey's Anatomy and earned a Golden Globe nomination and a BAFTA award for her work on the BBC series Viva Blackpool.

In a June 2009 blog entry, Cyrus said she had "always been a fan of Nicholas Sparks" and that she had been waiting to do a production separate from the Hannah Montana franchise "for a long time", but had not found the time to do so due to her TV show, music, tours, and Hannah Montana: The Movie. To film The Last Song, Cyrus' contract for season four of Hannah Montana included an extra-long hiatus.

Writing and title
Recognizing the popularity of A Walk to Remember as both a novel and film, Sparks "put all [his] thoughts into that, trying to make the story as different from A Walk to Remember as [he could], but try to capture the same feelings." Sparks' experiences as a father and as a high-school track and field coach also helped shape the plot, and characters Jonah Miller and Will Blakelee are respectively based on Sparks' sons Landon and Miles. Sparks felt Ronnie was the hardest character to write for because he had "never been a 17-year-old, angry teenage[d] girl". Ronnie became a composite character inspired by several young women Sparks has known, such as his nieces. Cyrus herself influenced Ronnie fairly little, although her singing career did inspire the musical elements of the story. Ronnie plays only the piano and Cyrus only sings a small amount in the film, though she does contribute to its soundtrack.

Disney did not give Sparks limitations on the topics featured in The Last Song, which include underaged drinking, infidelity, and terminal illness, but Sparks says that Disney desired to work with him in part because "they've read my novels. My teenagers… don't do bad things. I just don't write that. I don't write about adultery, I don't write profanity ... I'll certainly have love scenes in my novels, but they're always between consenting adults." Still, Sparks acknowledges that elements of the screenplay may have been toned down by the director or the studio after he finished. As dictated by the Writers Guild of America, Sparks receives full credit for his work, although the amount of his original screenplay retained in the film is uncertain. For example, Sparks says the character of Marcus, leader of the gang of thugs, was likely altered for the film.

The project remained nameless for several months after Sparks' initial meeting with Disney in July 2008. Sparks wrote in a September 2008 online chat that "I have the idea completed, but no title. That's common for me though. Titles come last." The film was referred to by the working title "Untitled Miley Cyrus Project" In March 2009, Variety magazine called "The Last Song" a "tentative" title.

Casting
Cyrus chose the name "Ronnie" for her character in honor of her grandfather, Ron Cyrus, who died in 2006. Unknown to many, the character had first been named "Kirby" by Sparks and later changed to "Hilary".
New interviews with Sparks reveal he imagined Cyrus in the role "only a little" during the writing process.
At the completion of the screenplay, Sparks was concerned that Cyrus would not be able to successfully execute the role: "The first thing I thought when I finished the screenplay was, wow, I hope she can do this, this is a tough role because I'm bringing you through a whole gamut of emotion and you're just a 16-year-old girl who's done the Disney Channel. Are you able to do this as an actress?", After visiting the set and watching Cyrus film, Sparks' worries abated. To play the New York teen, Cyrus worked with a dialect coach to lose her Southern accent and learned to play classical piano. After she completed filming, Cyrus said that in a case of life imitating art, she had matured and "changed a lot" over the course of her summer in Georgia, similar to the way Ronnie does in the film. "Showing this movie, I feel like I'm really showing a part of my growth as a person as well. So I'm really excited for people to see it."

In April 2009, Disney officials chose Rafi Gavron for the part of Will Blakelee, but switched to Australian actor Liam Hemsworth by May. On May 18, 2009, the decision to cast Greg Kinnear as Steve Miller was made final. Kelly Preston's part as Kim was the first role she had accepted since the death of her son, Jett Travolta. After being introduced to Cal Johnson, the film's stunt coordinator, Adam Barnett landed the role of Teddy in May 2009 due to his previously developed talent in juggling and hackey sack.

Post-productionThe Last Song entered post-production following the end of filming on August 18, 2009. Automated dialogue replacement took place in mid-September; Beals and Chaikin stated they had gone in to record on September 11 and September 18, respectively. Chaikin said she had worked for five and a half hours. The director's cut was presented to the studio on October 1, 2009. The Motion Picture Association of America reviewed the film and issued it a PG rating for "thematic material, some violence, sensuality and mild language" three weeks later.

Filming
Move to GeorgiaThe Last Song had originally been set in Wrightsville Beach and Wilmington in North Carolina. Though they wished to shoot on location, filmmakers also examined three other states and identified Georgia as the next-best filming site.
Georgia's housing prices were higher, but the state's filming incentive package refunded 30% of production costs such as gasoline and salaries. North Carolina's package refunded 15% and excluded salaries of over $1 million. Still, Disney remained interested in North Carolina and offered to film there if the state would reduce the amount the company would save in Georgia, around $1 million, in half. North Carolina officials searched for ways to accomplish this, including applying unsuccessfully for state and Golden LEAF Foundation grants. They also introduced legislation to improve the state's refund to 25%, which eventually passed on August 27, 2009. Disney decided to work within existing incentive laws and agreed to film in North Carolina as long as the film rights they had bought from Sparks counted as a production cost, thereby saving the company an additional $125,000 to $225,000. Then-North Carolina Governor Bev Perdue set up a press conference on April 1, 2009, to announce N.C.'s victory. North Carolina tax collectors refused to consider the film rights, forcing Perdue to cancel the conference at the last second. "I was hopeful to say that it was coming and now I don't know that I'll get to say that," Perdue said. "Nobody knows what's going to happen [...] I don't know what figures they got from Georgia, but Georgia wants them badly, and we want them badly, and by Monday [April 6, 2009], there'll be four or five other states that want them badly." Johnny Griffin, director of the Wilmington Regional Film Commission, explains: "Disney makes feature films. They also make television series; they make individual movies for the Disney Channel. By losing this one project, in essence, we've lost all of those opportunities." He also notes the loss of jobs and tourism filming would have created.

On April 9, 2009, after three months of deliberation, the decision to relocate to Georgia was made final. To determine the specific town, location scouts scoured the state for an aged, isolated, oceanfront property to use as the Miller family's home in the film. After another three months and the discovery of the "Adams Cottage" on the southern tip of Tybee Island, Tybee and neighboring locations became the sites of filming in late March, with the intention of masquerading the area as Wilmington and Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina. The locale proved too unique to disguise. "We had a hard time trying to hide the fact that this was Tybee and Savannah was Savannah," said Bass Hampton, the film's location director. Filmmakers convinced the screenwriters to change the setting of the film and to Tybee Island, thus allowing them to incorporate landmarks such as the Tybee Island Light Station and the Savannah Historic District. The setting of Sparks' novel remained in North Carolina. Though other movies have been filmed in Tybee Island, The Last Song is the first to be both filmed and set in Tybee Island. With the city's name plastered on everything from police cars to businesses, Georgia officials predicted a lasting effect on the economy. In addition, The Last Song is estimated to have brought up to 500 summer jobs to Georgia, $8 million to local businesses, and $17.5 million to state businesses.

Sets

Nelson Coates is the production designer for The Last Song, responsible for all visual aspects of the movie. Coates, who was nominated for an Emmy Award for his work on the Stephen King television miniseries The Stand, arrived 11 weeks prior to the start of filming to do prep work. While most of the filming took place on the natural Tybee Island beach or on preconstructed private property, Coates oversaw the re-painting of the pier and the construction of the carnival and church.

Location scouts had searched the entirety of Georgia for an aged, isolated, oceanfront property to use as a home for the Millers for nearly three months before scout Andy Young came across the "Adams Cottage" on the southern end of Tybee Island. "It was getting down to zero hour," said Young. "Often, it's about the house. It can be a character itself in the movie." The house's owner, Sam Adams, welcomed filming as "an opportunity to sort of immortalize the house," in case it is destroyed by storms. The two-story, six bedroom house was built by Adams' great-grandfather in 1918 and was made entirely out of hard pine wood with very few painted surfaces. According to Savannah Morning News reporter Lesley Conn, it "was built in classic rambling beach style [... designed] to allow ocean breezes to sweep through wide, wraparound porches into cool, heart-pine rooms."

The church set was built over a six-week period on a vacant lot on the corner of 13th Street and Sixth Avenue, near residential homes. The one-room,  building seats roughly 80 people and is estimated to be worth $250,000 to $350,000. Special-effects coordinator Will Purcell subdued concerns about the church burning scene by stating that the building would not actually be set on fire. The intended menacing effect is "all camera angles. It is a safe environment for actors to do their work." Several techniques were used to simulate the fire, including the use of propane pipes to shoot flames through the church windows. At the end of filming, Cyrus hoped to fly the church set back to her family's estate in Tennessee. Disney agreed to donate the building to the island after Tybee officials lobbied to keep it, with the condition that its connection to The Last Song not be advertised. The set will be moved to a new location and brought up to code for use as a nondenominational chapel for island weddings; renovations are expected to cost approximately $600,000.

Shooting schedule

Cyrus' busy schedule necessitated that filming take place over the summer. Sparks noted, "She's got a fall music tour and then she's back filming Hannah Montana in the spring again. So, the only time she had free in her schedule was over the summer."
Principal photography began on June 15, 2009 and finished on August 18, 2009. Filming did not take place during weekends.

On the first day of production, Cyrus and Hemsworth filmed a kiss in the ocean. Other scenes which took place in June included the carnival and volleyball tournament, both of which were filmed on the beach near the Tybee Island pier. Filming at the pier wrapped up on June 23, 2009 after shooting the scene in which Kim drops off Ronnie and Jonah to live with Steve. Scenes of the church fire were shot on July 10, 2009. Filming at the Georgia Tech Savannah campus began on July 16. Kinnear finished taping on July 17, 2009. Wedding scenes and a key driving scene were filmed at the Wormsloe Historic Site between July 20 and July 23 for twelve hours each day. Driving scenes in Isle of Hope, Georgia continued to the 28. By July 30, the movie had returned to Tybee Island for more beach scenes. Chaikin's character framed Cyrus' for stealing a watch on August 6. On August 10, Hemsworth performed an oil change and Cyrus browsed an upscale boutique in downtown Savannah for the movie. The funeral was filmed from August 11, 2009 to August 13, 2009 at the church set in Tybee Island. On August 15, further church burning scenes took place. The wrap party was held on the 16, and the cast and crew arrived in Atlanta the following day to spend the last days of filming at the Georgia Aquarium. After analyzing the area on the 17th, the movie began shooting in public areas at dawn on the 18th to avoid crowds. Once the aquarium opened to the public at 10:00, filming shifted to behind-the-scenes areas.

Loggerhead sea turtles

Due to the conflicting personalities of his protagonist couple, Sparks faced difficulty in finding a vehicle that would draw Will and Ronnie to spend time together. "It had to be during the summer, she [Ronnie] had to be new in town, and whatever happened had to start in June and end in August. Because you always want a conclusion," said Sparks of his requirements. He mentioned summer camp or a summer job as typical vehicles used in books, but dismissed them as unoriginal and boring. "So it's got to be original, it's got to be interesting, and at the same time it's got to be universal, that you feel like it could happen to anybody." Sparks eventually chose to have Will and Ronnie bond over a loggerhead sea turtle nest, knowing that loggerhead eggs often hatch in August. The scene of the hatching nest took place during the first week of August and involved 26 live loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings. Sea turtle hatchlings have an innate sense to head toward the ocean water as soon as they are born, so scenes of the nest hatching had to be taken swiftly. Said Mike Dodd of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the biologist who supervised the scene, the hatchlings "did all they know how to do: They crawled down to the water and swam off." Sparks told an interviewer he suspected filmmakers would digitally add more turtles to the scene. At the time of filming, the loggerhead sea turtle was listed as a threatened species. The environmentally friendly theme was an added bonus to Tybee Island, which was then promoting ecotourism.

Soundtrack

"When I Look at You", song by Miley Cyrus, was originally from her EP The Time of Our Lives released August 31, 2009, but was included on the soundtrack because it fit the movie well. The song is used in the background of the film's trailer.

At the launch of his album Cradlesong on June 30, 2009, Rob Thomas told the New York Daily News, "My buddy Adam Shankman, who just directed Miley's movie, called me on the phone the other day and was like, 'You have to write a song for this movie.'... I would definitely write a song for her [Cyrus]." In the end, however, Thomas was unable to contribute music to The Last Song, citing "scheduling problems" as the reason.

The soundtrack features a track by Casey McPherson, frontman of the band Alpha Rev which signed with Disney's Hollywood Records in August 2008. Variety magazine's Anthony D'Alessandro notes that the use of soundtracks as "launch pads" for new Disney artists is a common practice. "A Different Side of Me" by Allstar Weekend was also included on the soundtrack. They are a group newly signed to Hollywood Records after winning the N.B.T. Competition through the Disney Channel. The soundtrack was released in the U.S. on March 23, 2010.
Though not featured on soundtrack, Snow Patrol's 2006 single "Shut Your Eyes" and Feist's "I Feel It All" also appear in the film. The soundtrack had a major increase in sales in the week of the DVD release. The soundtrack peaked at #104 on the Billboard 200 albums chart.

Track listing

Charts

Singles
"When I Look at You" was released as a single on February 16, 2010. It has peaked at #16 on the US Hot 100 and #24 on the Canadian Hot 100.

Other songs
"I Hope You Find It" is a track from the album. It received a large amount of digital downloads after the album was made available for online purchase. It debuted at #8 on Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart in the week ending April 10, 2010 and peaked at #5 a week later before it dropped out in the week ending April 24, 2010. In September 2013, the song received media attention for being covered by Cher for her 25th studio album Closer to the Truth.

Release

Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures originally scheduled The Last Song for wide release on January 8, 2010, but was delayed from January 8, 2010 to March 31, 2010.

Marketing
Upon the release of the novel on September 8, Sparks began a book tour reaching around 13 cities and gave several interviews. During these events, he discussed writing both the novel and the screenplay. Cyrus and Walt Disney Studios Chairman Dick Cook discussed the film on September 11, 2009 at the first D23 Expo. The first clips from the film appeared online on September 11, 2009, interspersed within one version of the "When I Look at You" music video. The film's first trailer was integrated into Cyrus' Wonder World Tour and premiered during the tour's opening night on September 14, 2009 in Portland, Oregon. Midway through each concert, the trailer was shown on large video screens surrounding the stage. After it finished, Cyrus played a white piano and sang "When I Look at You" while film clips continued to play on the screens behind her. On November 16, 2009, the first three film stills were released via the film's Facebook page. The following day, the film's trailer premiered online. The film's premiere was held in Los Angeles on March 25, 2010.
Cyrus was originally planned to go to the UK premiere of the film, but due to the April 14, 2010 eruption of the volcano Eyjafjallajökull that blanketed Europe in volcanic ash and grounded all flights to and from the continent, she was unable to attend.

Home mediaThe Last Song was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 17, 2010.

Reception
Box officeThe Last Song performed well for when it was released for the first time, garnering $5,125,103 on approximately 3,300 screens at 2,673 theaters for an average of $1,917 per theater.https://www.webcitation.org/5og1IlDvJ?url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lastsong.htm

It has grossed $62,950,384 in North America and $26,091,272 in other territories for a worldwide total of $89,041,656.

In its opening weekend, the film grossed $16,007,426, finishing fourth at the box office behind Clash of the Titans ($61,235,105), Why Did I Get Married Too? ($29,289,537) and How to Train Your Dragon ($29,010,044).

Critical responseThe Last Song holds a 21% approval rating on the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 123 reviews with an average rating of 4.01/10. The critical consensus is summarized: "As shamelessly manipulative as any Nicholas Sparks production, The Last Song is done no favors by its miscast and over matched star, Miley Cyrus." Metacritic, which assigns normalized ratings to films, The Last Song holds a "generally unfavorable" score of 33% based on 27 reviews.

Reviewers were critical of Sparks' and Van Wie's screenplay and formulaic storyline. Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle says the screenplay's faults include several "scenes that make no emotional sense" and claims, "The plot construction is weak. Incidents don't flow one into the next." When reviewing Cyrus's performance, critics acknowledged her stage presence, but were frequently critical of her acting abilities. Jay Stone of The Ottawa Citizen says Cyrus's portrayal of angry Ronnie "consist[s] of pouting and sneering [...] Cyrus doesn't have a lot of range, but she does have presence."
Rob Nelson of Variety writes, "Cyrus, alas, hasn't yet learned not to act [...] But she does show off her considerable chops as a pianist and remains reasonably likable throughout." A. O. Scott of The New York Times believes that although "her Hannah Montana persona has a certain aggressive charm", in The Last Song she "play-act[s] rather than exploring the motives and feelings of her character."
Roger Ebert gave the film a mixed 2.5/4. He praised the acting and directing, but derided the plot and Sparks's writing.

Kinnear's performance has been widely praised. A. O. Scott writes, "it's nice to see Mr. Kinnear play an entirely sympathetic character for a change [but] his slyness and subtlety seem wasted in a project that has no interest in either." Michael Phillips of The Chicago Tribune writes, "Reliably honest and affecting, [Kinnear] fights off the waves of corn in much the same way that Tibetan monk defied the tsunami in 2012."
Glen Whipp of the Associated Press writes, "Kinnear lends the movie a dignity it doesn't deserve". Stone advises, "I'd watch out for Liam Hemsworth".
Stephen Witty of The Star-Ledger commends "newcomer Carly Chaikin [who] plays the "bad girl" ... with an exciting mixture of wildness and vulnerability. Halfway in, I began wishing desperately that Chaikin was playing the lead."
Reception for Coleman was mixed; Jeff Vice of "Deseret News" calls him a "hammy irritant"  while Jon Bream of the Star Tribune'' writes, "The most memorable acting is by Coleman, 12 [... who] gets a lot of great lines and delivers them with aplomb".

Accolades

References

External links

2010 films
2010 directorial debut films
2010 romantic drama films
2010s American films
2010s coming-of-age drama films
2010s English-language films
2010s teen drama films
2010s teen romance films
American coming-of-age drama films
American romantic drama films
American teen drama films
American teen romance films
Coming-of-age romance films
Films about cancer
Films about death
Films about teenagers
Films about vacationing
Films based on romance novels
Films based on works by Nicholas Sparks
Films directed by Julie Anne Robinson
Films scored by Aaron Zigman
Films set in Georgia (U.S. state)
Films shot in Savannah, Georgia
Touchstone Pictures films


Go Nuts Donuts was a doughnut-shop chain based in the Philippines.

History
Go Nuts Donuts was founded by the De Ocampo and Trillana families in 2003. As of 2009, the chain sells an average of 20,000 doughnuts per day. At one time it sold as many as 27,000. Wanting to promote their doughnuts outside the country, they started delivering through DHL or FedEx.

In 2012, 40% of Go Nuts Donuts was bought by IP Ventures Retail Group.

In 2018, Go Nuts Donuts rebranded and is now called as GoNuts.

See also
 List of doughnut shops
 Go Nuts Donuts Game - In Go Nuts for Donuts, players lay out donuts from the deck equal to the amount of players plus one

References

Doughnut shops
Restaurants established in 2003
Restaurants disestablished in 2020
Fast-food chains of the Philippines
Companies based in Manila
Privately held companies of the Philippines


Culbin Sands, Forest and Findhorn Bay is a huge area of coast and countryside and an SSSI (site of special scientific interest) in Moray, Scotland, stretching from just east of the town of Nairn eastwards to the village of Findhorn and its bay. All of the areas are very important for wildlife in general and are strongly protected by law. The Culbin Sands are known in Gaelic as Bar Inbhir Èireann.

Culbin Forest

This huge forest is almost completely owned by the Forestry and Land Scotland. It is split by several large paths and smaller tracks in between. The densely covered areas off these paths are difficult to traverse. Most walks are taken beginning at the south of the forest at Wellhill Car Park and ending at the beach. Among the trees there are several strange monoliths bearing messages, and at one tree there is a small plaque commemorating its planting by Prince Charles. Although mostly made up of tall pines and coarse ground cover, Culbin also has many more open, sandy patches in the forest, where small younger trees have recently been planted. The grassland areas are very suitable for butterflies. There are several ponds which act as oases to the local animals. Hill 99, a towering wooden structure which blends in subtly with the canopy, provides an excellent viewpoint. The wildlife amongst the trees is very discreet although birds can clearly be heard singing everywhere.

The forest hosts breeding crested tits. The forest is also an important site for the Kentish glory moth (Endromis versicolora), which exploits the forestry activity carried out by Forestry and Land Scotland. The timber felling generates spaces for birch saplings to take root, the larval food plant of the moths, which prefer saplings under three metres tall. The moths follow the timber felling around the forest, and the adults can be seen in April and May.

Culbin Sands
Nowadays the name "Culbin Sands" means a beach, but formerly the name meant a large area of loose dune sand desert which is now the Culbin Forest. In its heyday, the dune system was the largest in Britain.

This long strip of pristine beach is owned by the RSPB, due to its excellent bird habitat, home to Eurasian oystercatchers, Eurasian curlews, common redshanks and other birds. It is made up of a curious mixture of sand and long grass, but gets muddier further westwards. Much natural driftwood ends up on the sands. Three sand spits enclose a large salt marsh known as 'The Gut'. The largest, known as 'The Bar', is the largest spit in Scotland.

Towards Nairn, the beach is home to a wintering population of pale-bellied brant geese, one of only two in Scotland. The birds belong to the Svalbard population.

In 1888 and 1889, the dunes hosted breeding pairs of Pallas's sandgrouse, the only time this has ever been recorded in Scotland.

The sands had a reputation for shifting, engulfing homesteads. This was due to removal of marram from the dunes for thatching, as the roots helped to hold the soil together. The Forestry Commission (now Forestry and Land Scotland) sought to stabilise the dune in much a similar method by planting scrub, before giving the land over to forestry.

Findhorn Bay

The 'Bay' is not a true bay at all, but a large tidal basin. It is enclosed by the villages of Kinloss and Findhorn to the east, and Culbin Forest to the west. It drains the river Findhorn and the Muckle Burn.

Opposite Findhorn Village, the beach is home to a mixed colony of grey and common seals. Common eiders can be seen offshore and European herring gulls fly around the general area. On the southern side of the bay, there is a brackish pool frequented by waders such as the greenshank in migrant season.

In the winter, the bay is home to a roost of at least 10,000 pink-footed geese. The flock is exploited by fowlers, leading to some tensions locally with animal lovers.

The bay is deepest in the channel leading out to the Moray Firth, reaching up to 10 metres. Other than that, the bay is predominantly shallow, the average depth being circa 2 metres. Due this safety, and lack of strong swell, the bay is popular with amateur sailors and windsurfers.

History
There was a village situated to the North East of the Culbin Forest, although the exact location is not known.  Reports of the village and land around it being buried in sandstorms of 1694, as reported by several major channels, was not captured in the news records of the time.  Stories of the village being buried by sandstorm are based in folklore.  However, recordings of this time (still stored by the Local Heritage Centre in Elgin, Moray) mention the town and its deforestation of the Culbin Forest, which resulted in destabilizing the land between the village and the mainland.  This allowed the sea to corrode the land and, eventually, sink the town.

This was the same scenario also impacted the village Findhorn, which used to extend further north into the Sea.

Due to the extent of the Culbin deforestation by the Village of Culbin, the Culbin Sands sat empty until the 1920s when the Forestry Commission planted the area with pine trees over a period of 40 years.

Notes

External links
Abandoned Communities ... Culbin and Findhorn

Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Moray and Nairn
Estuaries of Scotland
Landforms of Moray


Joonas Ikäläinen (born 5 January 1982) is a Finnish football player currently playing for PS Kemi; he formerly played for PS Kemi, TP-47, VPS and RoPS.

External links
  at rops.fi
  at veikkausliiga.com

1982 births
Living people
Finnish men's footballers
Men's association football central defenders
Veikkausliiga players
Rovaniemen Palloseura players
People from Kemi
TP-47 players
Sportspeople from Lapland (Finland)
21st-century Finnish people


Aud Haakonsdottir of Lade, also called Öda Haakonsdottir of Lade (10th century), was a legendary Swedish Viking Age queen consort, according to the sagas the last spouse of King Eric the Victorious of Sweden.

Background
Aud was allegedly a daughter of Norwegian Jarl Haakon Sigurdsson of Lade and sister of regent Eiríkr Hákonarson. It is not known exactly if or when she married King Eric, nor when she was born and died, but she is guessed to have married him after his marriage to the famous Sigrid Storråda. The marriage has never been confirmed, and it is also suggested, that if she did exist, she may have been his mistress, or a brief marriage late in his life.

References and literature
Åke Ohlmarks: Alla Sveriges drottningar (All the queens of Sweden) (Swedish)
Lars O. Lagerqvist (1982) (in Swedish). "Sverige och dess regenter under 1.000 år",("Sweden and its rulers during 1000 years").. Albert Bonniers Förlag AB. .

10th-century births
10th-century Norwegian women
10th-century Swedish people
10th-century Swedish women
Aud 0950
People from Trondheim
People whose existence is disputed


B2W Software (formerly known as Bid2Win Software) is based in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and develops specialized software for heavy construction contractors to manage construction estimating and bidding, field tracking and analysis, equipment maintenance, resource scheduling and dispatching and eForms and reporting.

Founded in 1993 under the name Niche Software, the company was first started with an estimating and bidding software program for the construction industry. It rebranded once more in January 2013, going from Bid2Win Software to B2W Software.

The B2W Software Platform includes individual modules, or elements -  B2W Estimate (estimating & bidding), B2W Track (field tracking & analysis), released in January 2008, B2W Schedule (resource scheduling & dispatching), released in 2018, B2W Maintain (equipment maintenance & repair management), which was released in 2013, and B2W Inform (eForms and reporting).

On September 14, 2022, B2W was acquired by Trimble Inc.

References

1993 establishments in New Hampshire
Companies based in Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Software companies established in 1993
Software companies based in New Hampshire
Defunct software companies of the United States
2022 mergers and acquisitions


The Greenhouse is British author Susan Hillmore's first novel. It was first published in 1988 by Collins Harvill It was republished by Vintage Books in 2000 when it was praised as being one of the 'best books of 2000' according to critics at The Independent.

Plot introduction
The story is told from the point of view of a greenhouse which tells of the family living in the house to which it belongs; most notably Vanessa a girl who grows up alone in the house and garden and is who spent much of her time in the greenhouse until their peace was shattered by a stranger who rapes her.  Things can never be the same again for Vanessa as her son is born and inherits his character from his father.

Reception
Corinna Lothar of the Washington Times noted that, although Hillmore was a visual artist, she employed other forms of sense imagery in the novel, providing "powerful" descriptions of sound, touch, and smell. Lothar also praised the "haunting beauty" of the work.
The Literary Review praised the novel. '...Moving and poetic...The Greenhouse should be read for the beauty of its descriptions, its original vision, and its complete lack of vulgarity, rare in a contemporary novel.'.
Kirkus Reviews was however concluded "Though the story's pace is sedate, the imagery throughout is overripe, contrasting the cycle of growth and regeneration with the human characters' barrenness. Depending on your point of view, either a delicately severe parable or a disappointingly reticent sketch."
Publishers Weekly also has its reservations, stating that it 'suffers from an elliptical style and from an overabundance of images of nature run riot'

References

1988 British novels
English novels
William Collins, Sons books
1988 debut novels


Margaret Elizabeth Cannon  is a Canadian engineer specializing in geomatics engineering and president Emerita of the University of Calgary. From 2010 to 2018, she served as the university's eighth president and vice-chancellor, the first alumna to hold that position.

Early life and education
Born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Cannon developed an early interest in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). She completed a Bachelor of Applied Science in Mathematics at Acadia University in 1982, before moving to Calgary, Alberta to complete a BSc, MSc and PhD in Geomatics Engineering at the University of Calgary.

Scientific and administrative career
Cannon has led research at the forefront of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) since 1984, commercializing technology to over 200 agencies worldwide.  She has served on the National Advisory Board on Earth Sciences to the Canadian Minister of Natural Resources, as past president of the U.S. Institute of Navigation, and as a past director of the Canada Foundation for Innovation. Cannon has also served as the Chair of Universities Canada, as Co-Chair of the Business-Higher Education Roundtable, and as a member of the Board of Governors of Sidra Medicine in Qatar.  Cannon is a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering, an elected foreign associate of the National Academy of Engineering, and an elected Corresponding Member of the Mexican Academy of Engineering.

From 1997 to 2002, Cannon held the NSERC/Petro-Canada Chair for Women in Science and Engineering for the Prairie Region. In this capacity, Cannon worked to raise public awareness about science and engineering careers for women, as well as conduct research on the factors that influence the decision to pursue a career in engineering. Cannon also developed programs to encourage women to explore careers in STEM fields, including the largest online mentorship program of its kind in Canada, Cybermentor.

Prior to her appointment as president, Cannon was the dean of the Schulich School of Engineering at the University of Calgary from 2006 to 2010. She was installed as the university's president and vice-chancellor in July 2010,  and served in the role until December 31, 2018. During her tenure, the university launched a comprehensive institutional strategy called Eyes High and expanded its campus infrastructure with multiple new facilities, such as the Taylor Institute for Teaching and Learning,  W. A. Ranches at the University of Calgary,  and the Life Sciences Innovation Hub — among several others. Under her leadership, the university also launched the $1.3 billion fundraising campaign, Energize: The Campaign for Eyes High, which encompassed the naming of the Cumming School of Medicine  and the Werklund School of Education.  Upon concluding her role, Cannon received the title of President Emerita.

Honours and awards
In 1998, Cannon was selected as one of Canada’s Top 40 Under 40, and in 2006, she was named as one of Canada’s Top 100 Most Powerful Women by the Women's Executive Network. She has also been recognized with the Wired Woman Pioneer Award from the Wired Woman Society in 2002 and the Betty Vetter Award for Research from the Women in Engineering Programs and Advocates Network in 2001.

In recognition of her impact on geomatics engineering, Cannon received the Johannes Kepler Award from the U.S. Institute of Navigation in 2001,  APEGA’s Centennial Leadership Award in 2012, the Gold Medal Award from Engineers Canada in 2013,  and the NSERC E.W.R. Steacie Fellowship from 2002 to 2004.

In 2011, she was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for the innovative use of GPS data for a wide range of applications and for pioneering the field of geomatics.

Cannon has received Honorary Doctorates from the University of Ottawa, Acadia University and the Université de Montréal, as well as an Honorary Bachelor of Business Administration from the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology.

On 27 June 2019, Cannon was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Canada for her contributions to academia and STEM in Canada, as an engineer and university administrator. Cannon was also appointed as a Member to the Alberta Order of Excellence in 2022.

References

External links
 Millar, Anne and Wells, Mary (30 October 2017). "Engineering taught Elizabeth Cannon how to be a leader". CIM Magazine. Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum

Acadia University alumni
Canadian academics in engineering
Canadian university and college faculty deans
Women deans (academic)
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellows of the Canadian Academy of Engineering
People from Charlottetown
University of Calgary alumni
Academic staff of the University of Calgary
Living people
Canadian university and college chief executives
Canadian women engineers
20th-century Canadian engineers
21st-century Canadian engineers
20th-century women engineers
21st-century women engineers
Women heads of universities and colleges
Officers of the Order of Canada
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Engineering
20th-century Canadian women scientists
1963 births


The Canton of Darney is a rural French administrative and electoral grouping of communes in the Vosges département of eastern France and in the region of Grand Est. The Canton of Darney has its administrative centre at Darney.

Composition
At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the canton was expanded from 21 to 82 communes (2 of which were merged into the new commune Tollaincourt):

Les Ableuvenettes
Ahéville
Ainvelle
Ameuvelle
Attigny
Bainville-aux-Saules
Bazegney
Begnécourt
Belmont-lès-Darney
Belrupt
Bleurville
Blevaincourt
Bocquegney
Bonvillet
Bouzemont
Châtillon-sur-Saône
Circourt
Claudon
Damas-et-Bettegney
Damblain
Darney
Dombasle-devant-Darney
Dommartin-aux-Bois
Dommartin-lès-Vallois
Dompaire
Escles
Esley
Fignévelle
Fouchécourt
Frain
Frénois
Gelvécourt-et-Adompt
Gignéville
Girancourt
Godoncourt
Gorhey
Grignoncourt
Hagécourt
Harol
Hennecourt
Hennezel
Isches
Jésonville
Lamarche
Légéville-et-Bonfays
Lerrain
Lironcourt
Madonne-et-Lamerey
Marey
Maroncourt
Martigny-les-Bains
Martinvelle
Mont-lès-Lamarche
Monthureux-sur-Saône
Morizécourt
Nonville
Pierrefitte
Pont-lès-Bonfays
Provenchères-lès-Darney
Racécourt
Regnévelle
Relanges
Robécourt
Romain-aux-Bois
Rozières-sur-Mouzon
Saint-Baslemont
Saint-Julien
Sans-Vallois
Senaide
Senonges
Serécourt
Serocourt
Les Thons
Tignécourt
Tollaincourt
Les Vallois
Vaubexy
Velotte-et-Tatignécourt
Ville-sur-Illon
Villotte
Viviers-le-Gras

References

Darney


Vaso is a village located in Kheda district of Gujarat, India. The zip code is 387380.

Places of interest
Vithalbhai Haveli is a of late 18th century haveli with beautifully carved wooden pillars, frames, beams, ceilings and doors.

References

Villages in Kheda district


The 2008–09 Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball season ended with six teams participating in the 2009 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament and two teams playing in the College Basketball Invitational (CBI).

The Washington Huskies won the regular season championship and its head coach Lorenzo Romar was named coach of the year.

Only three teams, Washington (#14), UCLA (#17) and Arizona State (#19), finished the season in the ESPN/USA Today Coaches Poll. They were #15, #18, and #19 respectively in the "AP Top 25" polls. However, in the final post-NCAA tournament coaches' poll, Arizona was also ranked, coming in at #24, behind Washington (#16), UCLA (#18) and Arizona State (#19).

Pre-season

Mike Montgomery, who was previously the head coach of the Stanford Cardinal, came back to college coaching with the California Golden Bears.  Craig Robinson, President Barack Obama's brother-in-law, became the head coach of the Oregon State. Lute Olson retired from Arizona and Russ Pennell took over.

Pac-10 teams participated in the Pac-10/Big 12 Series. They also took part in other x-season tournament games, including the 2K Sports Classic, and the John R. Wooden Classic in the Honda Center. Oregon Ducks played in the Maui Invitational Tournament and Washington State Cougars were there at the Legends Classic.

Conference games

Washington was first in scoring offense and rebounding offense, while Washington State was first in scoring defense and free throw percentage in conference games. UCLA was on top in scoring margin, field goal percentage and 3-point field goal percentage.

Arizona led the conference in attendance with a total of 232,576 in 17 games, averaging 13,681 (14,545 capacity).

Conference tournament

USC, the #6 seed team, won the 2009 Pacific Life Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball tournament at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California on March 14, in front of a crowd of 16,988. The team defeated #4 seed Arizona State and won the school's first tournament championship. It was also the first time a team seeded sixth in the tournament went on to win the championship. The Trojans received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA National Tournament.

Postseason
Six Pac-10 teams participated in the 2009 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. Five teams won their first round games, but only Arizona played in the regional semi-finals. The Wildcats lost to Louisville 103–64.

Oregon State and Stanford played in the College Basketball Invitational (CBI). Oregon State defeated Stanford (65–62) in over-time in the semi-finals and played UTEP for the championship in a best of three-game series. Oregon State won the CBI title by winning the first and third games over UTEP.

Highlights and notes

At the end of March 2009, Washington State head coach Tony Bennett announced that he was leaving Washington State to take the head coaching job at Virginia. Ken Bone, formerly with Portland State, takes over.

On March 31, 2009, UCLA's senior point guard Darren Collison was named the 2009 recipient of the Frances Pomeroy Naismith Award by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. The award goes to the "nation's outstanding senior male collegian 6'0" and under who has excelled both athletically and academically."

Russ Pennell left Arizona after a year coaching one of the country's premiere basketball programs. He coached the Wildcats to the Sweet 16, where the team lost the final game to Louisville, 103–64. USC's Tim Floyd went to Tucson for an interview of the Arizona job, but he decided to remain at USC. Sean Miller, former Xavier coach, accepted the job on April 6.

The conference set a new attendance record with 8,541 per game, beating the 2007 record of 8,524.

Awards and honors

All-Americans

James Harden (SG, Sophomore), of Arizona State was named to the 2009 Consensus All-America first team. He was listed on the Associated Press, the USBWA, and the Sporting News All-American lists to qualify for the "Consensus All-America".

The following players from Pac-10 were honored on the AP All American list:

First Team (Player, School, Ht, Wt, Yr, Key stats)
 James Harden, Arizona State, 6–5, 218, So., 20.8 ppg, 5.5 rpg, 4.2 apg, 35.8 min., 50.2 fg pct (45, 290)

Honorable mention (Player, School)
 Jon Brockman, Washington
 Chase Budinger, Arizona
 Darren Collison, UCLA
 Jordan Hill, Arizona

All-Pac-10 teams

Regular season honors:
 Player of The Year: James Harden, Arizona State
 Freshman of The Year: Isaiah Thomas, Washington
 Defensive Player of The Year: Taj Gibson, USC
 Most Improved Player of The Year: Justin Dentmon, Washington
 Coach of The Year: Lorenzo Romar, Washington

First team

(Name, School, Pos, Yr, Ht, Wt, Hometown (Last School))
 Jon Brockman, WASH, F, Sr., 6–7, 255, Snohomish, Wash. (Snohomish HS)
 Chase Budinger, ARIZ, F, Jr., 6–7, 218, Encinitas, Calif. (LaCosta Canyon HS)
 Patrick Christopher, CAL, G, Jr., 6–5, 215, Compton, Calif. (Dominguez HS)
 Darren Collison, UCLA, G, Sr., 6–0, 160, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif. (Etiwanda HS)
 Justin Dentmon, WASH, G, Sr., 5–11, 185, Carbondale, Ill. (The Winchendon School, Mass.)
 James Harden, ASU, G, So., 6–5, 218, Los Angeles, Calif. (Artesia HS)
 Jordan Hill, ARIZ, F, Jr., 6–10, 235, Atlanta, Ga. (The Patterson School, N.C.)
 Jeff Pendergraph, ASU, F, Sr., 6–9, 240, Etiwanda, Calif. (Etiwanda HS)
 Jerome Randle, CAL, G, Jr., 5–10, 160, Chicago, Ill. (Hales Franciscan HS)
 Taylor Rochestie, WSU, G, Sr., 6–1, 186, Santa Barbara, Calif. (Tulane)

All-Academic

The 2008–09 Pacific-10 Conference Men's Basketball All-Academic teams (minimum 3.0 overall grade-point average and be either a starter or significant contributor):

First Team (School, Year, GPA, Major)
 Aron Baynes, WSU, Sr., 3.24,	Movement Studies
 Derek Glasser, ASU, Jr., 3.14, Communications
 Daven Harmeling, WSU, Sr., 3.54, Health and Fitness Education
 Nikola Koprivica, WSU, Jr., 3.39, International Business
 Taylor Rochestie, WSU, Sr., 3.37, Communication

Second Team (School, Year, GPA, Major)
 Nikola Knezevic, CAL, Jr., 3.03, Interdisciplinary Studies
 Rihards Kuksiks, ASU, So., 3.07, Business Communications
 Roeland Schaftenaar, OSU, Jr., 3.17, Pre-Business
 Drew Shiller, STAN, Jr., 3.08, Communication
 Jordan Wilkes, CAL, Sr., 3.13, Social Welfare

Taylor Rochestie, of Washington State, was named a Pacific-10 Conference winter Scholar-Athletes of the Year.

USBWA All-District team

The U.S. Basketball Writers Association's 2008–09 Men's All-District Teams (District IX: CA, OR, WA, HI, AZ, AK):

 Player of the year – James Harden, Arizona State
 Coach of the year – Craig Robinson, Oregon State
 All-District Team:
 James Harden, Arizona State
 Jon Brockman, Washington
 Darren Collison, UCLA
 Patrick Christopher, California
 Jordan Hill, Arizona
 Jerome Randle, California
 Chase Budinger, Arizona

References


Chief Caddo is the name of the statue formerly given to the winner of the annual football game between Southland Conference members Northwestern State University (NSU) of Natchitoches, Louisiana and Stephen F. Austin State University (SFA) of Nacogdoches, Texas. Northwestern State University stopped participating in the exchange in 2021 after a Student Government Association and Faculty Senate joint resolution recognizing that Caddo Nation officials stated the statue was offensive, acknowledging the statue was inauthentic, and calling for the end to the practice.

Made of solid wood, Chief Caddo was one of the largest trophies in college football, standing  and weighing in excess of .

History
The idea of the statue was created in 1960 when longtime rivals NSU and SFA decided to award the winner of the game a trophy. The two schools settled on a wooden statue (both schools are located in heavily forested areas) supposedly representing an American Indian "chief" who, in European-American folklore originating in the 1930s, was responsible for settling the locations that became the cities in which university was located (both of which are named for branches of the tribe).  Under the agreement, based on the results of the 1961 football game, the losing school would chop down a tree from one of its nearby forests, while the winning school would receive the log and carve the statue from it.

NSU won the 1961 game 35–19; thus, SFA delivered a 2,000-pound black gum log to NSU. Woodcarver Harold Green spent some 230 hours fashioning the statue. It was named "Chief Caddo," supposedly after the Native nation that first settled the two communities.

In June 2010, after years of transportation to and from games had left "Chief Caddo" in poor condition, the trophy was given a much-needed refurbishing. The project, headed by Bill Flynn (Flynn Paint & Decorating of Nacogdoches), undertook the restoration of the trophy. Among the many restorations to the trophy were: the repairing of the base, the construction and replacement of feathers in the headdress, the restaining and repainting of the entire trophy, and intricate detailing.

NSU and SFA played for this trophy from 1961 to 2019.

Currently, the statue resides at Stephen F. Austin State University.

Importance of the Caddo Nation
The Caddo Nation are the Native people whose lands included Natchitoches and Nacogdoches at the time of contact.

Nacogdoches and Natchitoches both received their names from Caddo band names.  Two apocryphal non-Caddo folk stories exist about how the cities got their names.   Both versions of folk story agree that a Caddo chief with two sons sent one east and the other west, and they traveled the same distance and established villages. As for the folklore in question:

One version, as reported by historian Samuel Stewart Mims in "Rio Sabinas", credits the chief of an Adae Indian village on the Sabine River. The village was overpopulated and the chief ordered his two grown sons to report to him precisely at sunrise. He told one son to walk east and the other to walk west until the very moment of sunset. The sons were to establish a village at the place they reached. The son who went west wound up in a grove of persimmon trees, and named his village Nacogdoches, meaning persimmon. The eastbound son reached a grove of papaw trees and named his village Natchitoches, meaning papaw.

Another version says that the chief had twin sons, Nacogdoches and Natchitoches, and could not decide who would lead the tribe following his death. The chief split the tribe between them and sent each in different directions. They traveled for three days, one eastbound and one westbound, and wound up where the cities are located today.

Game results

See also
 List of NCAA college football rivalry games

References

Northwestern State Demons football
Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks football
College football rivalry trophies in the United States


The GM MR6/F40 six-speed manual transaxle was first developed for GM Europe by Saab Powertrain, for use in Saab and Opel applications. Originally a design developed by GM Powertrain Sweden Södertälje  - Europe six-speed manual transaxle was originally built by Saab in its transmission plant in Gothenburg, Sweden (2002-2003) but production was moved to Opel in Rüsselsheim am Main, Germany since 2004. Its first use in Europe was the new Saab 9-3 2003-2011, while first use in North America was the same, in the Aero model. It is also used in 9-5 2010-2012 models.

Design

The F40 has a three-axis design, with first, second, fifth, and sixth gears on an output shaft behind and below the input shaft, and third and fourth gears are on an output shaft in front of and above the input shaft. Both output shaft pinions drive a helical gear with a conventional differential. The clutch is mounted on a dual-mass flywheel to dampen vibrations on whichever output shaft is idle depending upon which gear is selected.

Triple-cone synchronizers are used on 1st and 2nd gears. These synchronizers have three friction surfaces, which increase their ability to transfer the flow of torque more smoothly from one gear to another. Synchronizers act as clutches to speed up or slow down the gearsets that are being shifted to, and greater friction area results in easier shifting for the driver. The 3rd, 4th, and reverse synchronizers are double-cone, while the 5th and 6th gear synchronizers are single-cone. All of the friction surfaces on the Synchronizer rings are sintered bronze. The ratios in the 6-speed are widely spaced for versatile performance and efficiency.

To adapt the F40 to North American applications and maximize performance, 3rd through 6th gears have been changed to higher-ratio gears starting in 2007 model year. The ratio for 3rd gear is now 1.37:1, and the ratio for 4th gear is no longer an overdrive, with a new ratio of 1.05:1. The 5th gear ratio is 0.85:1 and the 6th gear ratio is 0.71:1.

The addition of a ball-and-spring-type detent on the shift sleeve and detents on the shift rail assists the driver in shifting quicker. The detent raises the force required to move the shift lever which prevents excess movement of the shifter by the driver, and reduces the chance of double bump. Tension between the shift sleeve and the shift rail also prevents the sleeve from vibrating while in gear.

The F40 is cast in aluminum, and weighs 124 pounds (56.2 kg). It has been certified for up to 295 ft-lb ( 400 Nm) of engine torque.

The F40 MT2/MU9 uses a Castrol Burmah (BOT 0063) manual transmission fluid, or GM 88862472 gear oil. This gear oil is identified in GM documentation as a synthetic 75W-85 GL-4. No maintenance is required for normal operation. Although the MTF of the F40 transaxle is a fill for life, the actual capacity may be useful for those who have emptied theirs, e.g. when changing the clutch. In the user manual of cars fitted with the F40 it is given as 2.8 litres.

Gear ratios are as follows:

Additional Final Drive ratios, 3.348, 3.909, 3.895, 3.091, and 4.176 are also available, but may be limited to a select few of gearsets.

Applications

 2006 Pontiac G6 GTP
 2007 Pontiac G6 GT
 Saab 9-3
 Saab 9-5
Opel Cascada
Opel Signum
Opel Vectra
Opel Antara
Chevrolet Captiva
Opel Insignia
 2012 Opel Astra GTC/OPC
 2010 Opel Insignia OPC
 2012-X Chevrolet Cruze 1.8L 6-speed Manual
 2011-13 Buick Regal
 2013 Buick Verano
Alfa Romeo 156
Alfa Romeo 166
Alfa Romeo 159
Alfa Romeo Brera
Alfa Romeo Spider (939) 2006-2010
Fiat Bravo (198) 2007-2014
Fiat Ducato 2006-
Lancia Thesis
Lancia Delta (844) 2008-2014

European F40 version / Updates

2008 MR6/F40 (MU9) General Motors Powertrain-Europe F40 six-speed manual car transaxle 2008 Model Year Summary

Carryover Features and Benefits from 2007 model year

DETENT SYSTEM FOR QUICKER AND EASIER SHIFTING
The addition of a ball-and-spring-type detent on the shift sleeve and detents on the shift rail assists the driver in shifting quicker. The detent raises the force required to move the shift lever which prevents excess movement of the shifter by the driver, and reduces the chance of double bump. Tension between the shift sleeve and the shift rail also prevents the sleeve from vibrating while in gear.

GEAR RATIO CHANGES FOR QUICKER ACCELERATION
To adapt the F40 to North American applications and maximize performance, 3rd through 6th gears have been changed to higher-ratio gears starting in 2007 model year. The ratio for 3rd gear is now 1.37:1, and the ratio for 4th gear is no longer an overdrive, with a new ratio of 1.05:1. The 5th gear ratio is 0.85:1 and the 6th gear ratio is 0.71:1.

LOW MAINTENANCE

The MT2/MU9 uses a Castrol Burmah (BOT 0063) manual transmission fluid, and is validated as "fill-for-life". No maintenance is required for normal operation.

OVERVIEW

Originally a design developed for Fiat, Opel and Saab applications, the F40 (MT2) is a GM Powertrain - Europe six-speed manual transaxle built in Russelsheim, Germany. Its first use in a North American application was the Pontiac G6 for the 2006 model year. It is also used in some Saab 9-3 and 9-5 models.

It is a three-axis design, with first, second, fifth, and sixth gears on an output shaft behind and below the input shaft, and third and fourth gears are on an output shaft in front of and above the input shaft. Both output shaft pinions drive a helical gear with a conventional differential. The clutch is mounted on a dual-mass flywheel to dampen vibrations on whichever output shaft is idle depending upon which gear is selected.

The F40 is cast in aluminum, and weighs 124 pounds (see specs). It has been certified for up to 400 Nm of engine torque.

Triple-cone synchronizers are used on 1st and 2nd gears. These synchronizers have three friction surfaces, which increase their ability to transfer the flow of torque more smoothly from one gear to another. Synchronizers act as clutches to speed up or slow down the gearsets that are being shifted to, and greater friction area results in easier shifting for the driver. The 3rd, 4th, and reverse synchronizers are double-cone, while the 5th and 6th gear synchronizers are single-cone. All of the friction surfaces on the synchronizer rings are sintered bronze. The ratios in the 6-speed are widely spaced for versatile performance and efficiency.

References

External links
http://gmpowertrain.com
http://www.opel-infos.de/getriebe/f40.html
F40


The Association of Saône and Madon Country communes (French: Communauté de communes du Pays de Saône et Madon) is a former administrative association of rural communes in the Vosges département of eastern France and in the region of Lorraine. It was created in 1992 and had its administrative offices at Darney. It was merged into the new Communauté de communes les Vosges côté Sud-Ouest in January 2017. It takes its name from the rivers Saône and Madon.

Composition
The Communauté de communes comprised the following communes:

Attigny
Belmont-lès-Darney
Belrupt
Bonvillet
Darney
Dombasle-devant-Darney
Dommartin-lès-Vallois
Escles
Esley
Frénois
Hennezel
Jésonville
Lerrain
Pont-lès-Bonfays
Provenchères-lès-Darney
Relanges
Saint-Baslemont
Sans-Vallois
Senonges
Thuillières
Les Vallois
Vioménil

References

Saone and Madon Country


Laurence Madin is an American Marine biologist.  He is featured in an exhibit at the New England Aquarium for his work on salps, which are chordate jellyfish.  He is currently executive vice president and director of research of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI).

Madin grew up in northern California, and received a bachelor's degree from the University of California at Berkeley, and a Ph.D. from University of California at Davis.  He started research on plankton in the 1970s. He was chair of WHOI's Biology Department, and director of its Ocean Life Institute, before becoming its acting director, and later director, of research.

Madin is the author of many scholarly articles about salps and other sea creatures, especially their impact on the environment.

He was also chief scientist for a National OAA expedition to the Celebes Sea.

References

Living people
American marine biologists
University of California, Davis alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Biologists from California


Daffy Duck for President is a children's book, published by Warner Bros. and the United States Postal Service in 1997 to coincide with the release of the first Bugs Bunny U.S. postage stamp. The book was written and illustrated by Chuck Jones, edited by Charles Carney, and art directed by Allen Helbig.

Plot
Echoing the popular "Rabbit Season/Duck Season" scenes from the Bugs Bunny/Daffy Duck/Elmer Fudd shorts Rabbit Fire, Rabbit Seasoning and Duck! Rabbit, Duck!, the book tells how Daffy Duck, in an effort to outlaw Duck Season in favor of a perpetual Rabbit Season, attempts to become a politician so as to change the law to suit him. Through a civics lesson regarding the United States Constitution and with Bugs' help, Daffy learns that it is "We the People" who run the country, not any one man or duck, as he experiences the separation of powers concept of the United States Federal government.

From the book's dust jacket:"Bugs guides Daffy through the 3 branches of American government - the foundation of freedom - in a style so breezy and comic that you'd never confuse it with a civics lesson. Or would you? In keeping with the explosive fun of the author's art, Daffy Duck for President is presented in its original sketch form. It's pure Chuck Jones - brash, witty, and reflective - in a bold flash of pencil, paper, and impulse."

Film
In 2004, Warner Bros. released a four-minute animated short of the same name based on the book, coinciding with the Presidential election that year. The film was produced by Spike Brandt, Tony Cervone, and Linda M. Steiner, and was dedicated to the memory of MGM Animation/Visual Arts and Chuck Jones Enterprises's founder Chuck Jones (who died on February 22, 2002). It was considered for a 2005 Academy Award for Best Animated Short. Joe Alaskey voiced Bugs and Daffy. It was also planned for a worldwide theatrical release, but these plans were aborted after Looney Tunes: Back in Action performed poorly at the box office. However, it saw its eventual release as a bonus feature on the Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 2 DVD set. The short is also available as a bonus feature on The Essential Daffy Duck DVD set.

Sources

External links

1997 children's books
American children's books
American picture books
Parody books
Children's books adapted into films
Children's books about rabbits and hares
Children's books about ducks
2004 films
2004 short films
2004 animated films
2000s American animated films
2000s animated short films
American animated short films
Bugs Bunny films
Daffy Duck films
Animated films based on children's books
2000s Warner Bros. animated short films


Harry Thomas Cory (May 27, 1870 – March 22, 1955) was an American engineer and professor.

Biography
Harry Thomas Cory was born in Montmorenci, Indiana, the son of Thomas and Carrie (Stoney) Cory.

Cory received his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from Purdue University in 1889 and advanced degrees in 1893 and 1896 from Cornell University. He married Ida Judd Hiller on October 4, 1911, and they had three children.

He was a professor of civil engineering at the University of Missouri from 1893–98 and a professor of sanitary engineering from 1898–1900. He was the Dean of the College of Engineering at the University of Cincinnati from 1900–02.

From 1902 to 1911 he held several positions with railway firms including Assistant to the General Manager for the Southern Pacific Company from 1904–1905 and Assistant to the President of Harriman Lines, Arizona and Mexico from 1905–11. He was also the General Manager and Chief Engineer, California Development Company and La Sociedad de Riego Terrenos de la Baja California, S.A., where he worked on irrigation systems for the Imperial Valley and was in charge of re-diversion of the Colorado River from the Salton Sea, 1906–07.

Cory was a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Bohemian Club (San Francisco), the Faculty Club (Berkeley, California). He was also an American member of the Nile Commission.

He lived in Los Angeles for the last ten years of his life, dying on March 22, 1955.

Publications
 The Thompson-Houston system of electric lighting .. (1887)
 Multiphase alternating current transmission .. (1896)
 Report on the financial condition of the California development company and its subsidiary company, La Sociedad de riego y terrenos de la Baja California, S.A. (1906)
 The Imperial Valley and the Salton Sink with William Phipps Blake (1915)
 Opportunities in the South; address delivered before the Southern Land Congress, November 12, 1918 (1918)

References

External links

1870 births
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Purdue University College of Agriculture alumni
University of Missouri faculty
University of Cincinnati faculty
Engineers from Indiana
1955 deaths
People from Lafayette, Indiana
American railroad mechanical engineers
20th-century American engineers


The following is a list of choral symphonies.

Symphonies for chorus and orchestra
Works are listed in chronological order. Works with an asterisk (*) indicate that text is used throughout the entire composition.

 Fantasy in C minor for Piano, Soloists and Orchestra, Op. 80, by Ludwig van Beethoven (1808) (not a symphony, but one of only two major concerted works to involve a chorus - see also Busoni (below))
 Symphony No. 9, Op. 125, by Ludwig van Beethoven (1824), the "Choral Symphony"
 Roméo et Juliette, Op. 17, by Hector Berlioz (1839)
 Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, Op. 15, by Hector Berlioz (1840)
 Lobgesang (also called Symphony No. 2 in B-flat major), Op. 52, by Felix Mendelssohn (1840)
 Faust Symphony, by Franz Liszt (1854)
 Dante Symphony, by Franz Liszt (1856)
 Kullervo, Op. 7, by Jean Sibelius (1892); text from the Kalevala
 Symphony No. 2 in C minor, Resurrection, by Gustav Mahler (1894)
 Symphony No. 3 in D minor, by Gustav Mahler (1896)
 Symphony No. 7, Op. 40, Korsymfoni, by Asger Hamerik (1897, rev. 1901-1906)
 Symphony No. 1 in E major, Op. 26, by Alexander Scriabin (1900)
 Piano Concerto, in C major, Op. 39, by Ferruccio Busoni (1904) (not a symphony, but one of only two major concerted works to involve a chorus - see also Beethoven (above))
 Symphony No. 3, by Guy Ropartz (1905)
 Symphony No. 8 in E-flat major, by Gustav Mahler (1907) *
 A Sea Symphony (Symphony No. 1), by Ralph Vaughan Williams (1909) *
 Der 100. Psalm, by Max Reger (1910) *
 Natursymphonie, by Siegmund von Hausegger (1911)
 Symphony No. 4 in E flat minor, Op. 55, by Joseph Ryelandt (1912)
 The Bells, Op. 35, by Sergei Rachmaninoff (1913) *
 Symphony No. 4, by Charles Ives (1916)
 Symphony No. 3, Op. 27, Song of the Night, by Karol Szymanowski (1916)
 Symphony No. 6, Op. 48, by Charles Tournemire (1917–18)
 A Symphony: New England Holidays, by Charles Ives (1919)
 Symphony No. 1 "The Gothic", by Havergal Brian (1919-1927)
 Symphony No. 3 in C major, Op. 21, by George Enescu (1921)
 Symphony No. 1, KSS30, by Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji (1921–22)
 Symphony No. 6, The Revolutionary, by Nikolai Myaskovsky (1921-1923)
 First Choral Symphony, by Gustav Holst (1924)
 Symphony No. 5, Der Schnitter Tod, by Julius Röntgen (1926)
 Symphony No. 8, Minder ved Amalienborg, BVN. 193, by Rued Langgaard (1926-28, rev. 1929-1934)
 Symphony No. 2 in B major, Op. 14, To October, by Dmitri Shostakovich (1927)
 Symphony No. 6, Rijck God, wie sal ic claghen, by Julius Röntgen (1928) *
 Symphony No. 2, O Holy Lord, by Jan Maklakiewicz (1928)
 Symphony No. 3 in E-flat major, Op. 20, The First of May, by Dmitri Shostakovich (1929)
 Morning Heroes, by Arthur Bliss (1930) *
 Symphony of Psalms, by Igor Stravinsky (1930) *
 Symphony No. 4, Das Siegeslied, by Havergal Brian (1933) *
 Symphony No. 4, Poem for the Komsomol Fighters, by Lev Knipper (1933/1965)
 Symphony No. 3, The Muses, by Cyril Scott (1937)
 Symphony No. 15, Sørstormen, BVN. 375, by Rued Langgaard (1937, rev. 1949)
 Symphony No. 4, Folksong Symphony, by Roy Harris (1940)
 Symphony No. 4, The Revelation of Saint John, by Hilding Rosenberg (1940) *
 Symphony No. 6, by Erwin Schulhoff (1940)
 Symphony No. 9, Op. 93, Everlasting Times after J. Tuwim and V. Bronievsky, by Mieczyslaw Weinberg (1940-67)
 Symphony No. 4, Op. 29, Sinfonia Sacra, by Vagn Holmboe (1941) *
 Symphony No. 2, KSS72, Jāmī, by Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji (1942–51)
 Symphony No. 1, Proti Simfonia, by Mikis Theodorakis (1943-45)
 The Airborne Symphony, by Marc Blitzstein (1943–46)
 Den judiska sången, by Moses Pergament (1944)
 Symphony No. 6, In Memoriam, by Alexandre Tansman (1944)
 Symphony No. 5, The Keeper of the Garden, by Hilding Rosenberg (1945)
 Odysseus (Symphony No. 2), by Armstrong Gibbs (first performed 1946)
 Symphony No. 3, Te Deum, by Darius Milhaud (1946)
 Spring Symphony, by Benjamin Britten (1947) *
 Symphony No. 5, by Dimitrie Cuclin (1947)
 Suite (Symphony no. 14), Morgenen, BVN. 336, by Rued Langgaard (1947-48, rev. 1951)
 Symphony No. 4, The Cycle, by Peter Mennin (1948)
 Symphony No. 10, by Dimitrie Cuclin (1949)
 Symphony No. 12, by Dimitrie Cuclin (1951)
 Symphony No. 8, by Henry Cowell (1952) *
 Symphony No. 10, Amerindia, by Heitor Villa-Lobos (1952-1953)
 Symphony No. 4, da Paz, by Cláudio Santoro (1953)
 Symphony No. 9, Op. 54, Sinfonia Visionaria, by Kurt Atterberg (1956) *
 Deutsche Sinfonie, by Hanns Eisler (1957) *
 Nirvana Symphony, by Toshiro Mayuzumi (1958)
 Symphony No. 12, Op. 188, Choral, by Alan Hovhaness (1960)
 Symphony No. 13 in B-flat minor, Op. 113, Babi Yar, by Dmitri Shostakovich (1962) *
 Symphony No. 6, Op. 79, after Leib Kvitko, Shmuel Halkin and M. Lukonin, by Mieczyslaw Weinberg (1962-63)
 Symphony No. 3, Kaddish, by Leonard Bernstein (1963)
 Symphony No. 8, Op. 83, Flowers of Poland after J. Tuwim, by Mieczyslaw Weinberg (1964) *
 Symphony No. 2, Op. 28, Marina, after Marina Tsvetaeva by Boris Tishchenko (1964) *
 Symphony No. 10, Abraham Lincoln, by Roy Harris (1965)
 Vocal Symphony, by Ivana Loudová (1965)
 Choral Symphony, by Jean Coulthard (1967)
 Sinfonia by Luciano Berio (1969)
 Symphony No. 1, Die Heimat, by Kurt Graunke (1969)
 Symphony No. 11, Op. 101, Festive Symphony after various revolutionary poets, by Mieczyslaw Weinberg (1969)
 Symphony No. 2, Op. 31, Copernicus, by Henryk Górecki (1972) *
 Symphony No. 9, Sinfonia Sacra, Op. 140, The Resurrection, by Edmund Rubbra (1972) *
 Symphony No. 3, The Icy Mirror, by Malcolm Williamson (1972) *
 Symphony No. 2, by Avet Terterian (1972)
 Symphony No. 24, Op. 273, Majnun, by Alan Hovhaness (1973)
 Symphony No. 12 De döda på torget (The Dead of the Square), by Allan Pettersson (1973–1974) *
 Symphony No. 2, Sinfonia mistica, by Kenneth Leighton (1974)
 Symphony No. 13, Bicentennial Symphony, by Roy Harris (1976)
 Symphony No. 3, by Wolfgang Rihm (1976-77)
 Symphony No. 5, by Camargo Guarnieri (1977)
 Symphony No. 7, A Sea Symphony, by Howard Hanson (1977) *
 Sinfonia fidei, Op. 95, by Alun Hoddinott (1977)
 Symphony No. 15, Op. 119, I Believe in This Earth after M. Dudin, by Mieczyslaw Weinberg (1977)
 Symphony No. 2, Saint Florian, by Alfred Schnittke (1979)
 Symphony No. 2, The Song of the Earth, by Mikis Theodorakis (1980-81)
 Symphony No. 3, by Mikis Theodorakis (1981-2) *
 Harmonium, by John Adams (1981) *
 Symphony No. 6, by Avet Terterian (1981) *
 Symphony No. 7, Spring-Symphony, by Mikis Theodorakis (1982) *
 Symphony No. 3, Sinfonia da Requiem, by József Soproni (1983)
 Symphony No. 6, Aphorisms, by Einar Englund (1984)
 Symphony No. 4, by Alfred Schnittke (1984)
 Symphony No. 5, by Anatol Vieru (1984-85) *
 Symphony No. 58, Sinfonia Sacra, Op. 389, by Alan Hovhaness (1985)
 Symphony No. 18, Op. 138, War, there is no word more cruel after S. Orlov and A. Tvardovsky, by Mieczyslaw Weinberg (1986)
 Symphony No. 4, Symphony of Choirs, by Mikis Theodorakis (1986-87) *
 Symphony No. 7, Pietas by Erkki-Sven Tüür (1987)
The Dawn Is at Hand, by Malcolm Williamson (1987–89) *
 Symphony No. 3, Journey without Distance, by Richard Danielpour (1989) *
 Symphony No. 7, Op. 116, The Keys of the Kingdom, by Jan Hanuš (1990)
 Leaves of Grass: A Choral Symphony, by Robert Strassburg (1992)
 Mythodea, by Vangelis (1993) *
 Lili'uokalani Symphony by Lalo Schifrin (1993)
 Symphony No. 2, by Philip Bračanin (1995/1997)
 Symphony No. 7, Seven Gates of Jerusalem, by Krzysztof Penderecki (1996)
 Symphony No. 6, Choral, by Carl Vine (1996) *
 Symphony No. 9, by Hans Werner Henze (1997) *
 Symphony 1997: Heaven - Earth - Mankind, by Tan Dun (1997)
 Symphony No. 5, Choral, by Philip Glass (1999) *
 Symphony No. 4, The Gardens, by Ellen Taaffe Zwilich (1999)
 River Symphony, by Sean O'Boyle (1999)
 Symphony No. 2, by Lowell Liebermann (1999)
 2000 Today: A World Symphony for the Millenium, by Tan Dun (1999) *
 Symphony No. 9, The Spirit of Time, by Robert Kyr (2000)
 Symphony No. 4, Star Chant, by Ross Edwards (2001)
 Dante Symphony No. 4, Purgatory, from choreo-symphonic cycle Beatrice, by Boris Tishchenko (2003)
 Symphony No. 7, Toltec, by Philip Glass (2005) *
 Symphony No. 8, Songs of Transitoriness, by Krzysztof Penderecki (2005)
 Symphony No. 2, Festinemus amare homines, by Pawel Lukaszewski (2005)
 Symphony No. 3, Planet Earth, by Johan de Meij (2006)
 Symphony No. 1, Symphony of Providence, by Pawel Lukaszewski (2008)
 Symphony No. 3, Poems and Prayers, by Mohammed Fairouz (2010)
 Symphony No. 3, Symphony of Angels, by Pawel Lukaszewski (2010)
 Dreams of the Fallen, by Jake Runestad, a choral symphony-concerto for solo piano, chorus, and orchestra set to texts of the poet Brian Turner (2013)
 Symphony No. 10, Alla ricerca di Borromini, Op. 327, by Peter Maxwell Davies (2013)
  Unfinished Remembering by Paul Spicer (2014), a choral symphony for baritone and soprano soloists, orchestra, semi-chorus, and chorus set to a text by Euan Tait.
 Symphony No. 11, Hillsborough Memorial, by Michael Nyman (2014)

Symphonies for unaccompanied chorus
Works are listed in chronological order. These works are scored without orchestra, but the composers nevertheless titled or sub-titled them as symphonies.

 Atalanta in Calydon, by Granville Bantock (1911)
 Vanity of Vanities, by Granville Bantock (1913)
 A Pageant of Human Life, by Granville Bantock (1913)
 Symphony for Voices, by Roy Harris (1935)
 Symphony for Voices, by Malcolm Williamson (1962)
 Know Yourself - Symphony for Mixed Choir a cappella, by Alexander Shchetynsky (2003)

Notes

Sources