William Thomas McKinley (December 9, 1938 – February 3, 2015) was an American composer and jazz pianist born in New Kensington, Pennsylvania. He wrote more than 300 musical compositions in what he called a neo-tonal style, of which Margalit Fox writes, for The New York Times, "were known for their lyricism, rhythmic propulsion and accessibility" and adds that his music "could recall not only jazz and blues but also Bach, Debussy, Ravel and Vaughan Williams.". Many of these works have been recorded by such ensembles as the London Symphony Orchestra, the Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra, the Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra, the Boston Modern Orchestra Project, and the Seattle Symphony.

McKinley was the recipient of numerous honors, including an award and citation from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters, a Guggenheim Fellowship, and eight National Endowment for the Arts grants. He is also among the founders of the label MMC Recordings.

His son Elliott Miles McKinley is also a composer.

Early life
McKinley was born in New Kensington, PA to a working-class Irish-American family distantly related to his namesake twenty-fifth President of the United States. His father, Daniel, was a salesman and amateur vaudeville performer, while his mother Ellen was a dancer and piano accompanist. After divorcing during the war, Ellen married Richard Boucher, a factory worker who provided the home in which McKinley was raised and the income through which his musical talent was cultivated. At age three, he showed a talent for emulating the rhythmic patterns of big band drummers heard on the radio. By age five, he was taking piano lessons with a local teacher named Adelaide Weiss, displaying an innate ability to sight-read and improvise in excess of the standard repertoire the lessons provided. By his eleventh birthday, McKinley was already playing piano with dance bands and accompanying at a dance studio four days a week. He would soon become the youngest member of the American Federation of Musicians in Pittsburgh, making enough money to earn a substantial side income while still attending school. This early success brought him to the attention of pianist Johnny Costa (1922-1996), a legend in New Kensington nicknamed the “White Art Tatum” who spent years playing background music for Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood. Through their intermittent lessons, Costa became McKinley’s first musical mentor. He introduced McKinley to other local musicians and recommended him for work in Pittsburgh, advised him on how to navigate the difficult life of the gigging musician, emphasized the value of a broad musical education, and planted the first seeds in McKinley’s mind that composition might be his preferred career route. Costa’s presence ensured that McKinley spent his high school years devoted to music, singing in the choir during the day, studying recordings and scores after school, and playing professionally on nights and weekends.

Education
McKinley followed in the footsteps of Costa and enrolled at the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon) in the fall of 1956. As a teenager, he had soured on making his career in what he saw as a creatively-uninspiring dance band scene, and desired to study composition instead. Despite having no formal compositional training, McKinley impressed resident professor Nikolai Lopatnikoff with a fifteen-minute improvisation in the style of Maurice Ravel during his audition, and was admitted to the school. A quirk in the structure of Carnegie Tech’s music program meant that McKinley had to wait for two years before beginning his studies in composition. During this period, he studied concert piano with Leonard Eisner and continued to perform six days a week in jazz clubs and as an accompanist on campus.

McKinley was finally able to take up with Lopatnikoff for his formal composition studies in the fall of 1958. The expatriate Russian was an acolyte of the neoclassical style made famous by Paul Hindemith and Igor Stravinsky, and through his tutelage McKinley gained more technical grounding in orchestration, instrumentation, and style. His major college works (String Quartet No. 1, Adagio for Violin and Piano) reflected this neoclassical grounding, along with a generous helping of the melodic elegance of Aaron Copland. Lopatnikoff also instilled the concept that proper composition was best served by improvised elaborations upon melodic ideas, a lesson that McKinley would use in his first attempts to fuse classical and jazz techniques together in his own work.

Constant gigging and lack of opportunity slowed McKinley’s compositional output in the years after his graduation from Carnegie Tech in 1960. The one work he did complete, his Trio in One Movement, won him the 1963 BMI Composition Prize and gained him admission to the Tanglewood Institute that summer. Tanglewood gave McKinley the opportunity to make professional connections unavailable to him in Pittsburgh. Copland and Iannis Xenakis were among the composition faculty that summer, and fellow students included William Albright, David Del Tredici, and Shulamit Ran. But McKinley made the most profound connection with Gunther Schuller, his assigned mentor at the Institute. While other faculty and students were intent to explore the latest in serial techniques, Schuller encouraged McKinley’s instincts to find workable fusions between jazz and classical music.

Upon returning from Tanglewood, he set about reinventing his entire compositional milieu, which included changing workspaces (from piano to drafting table) and styles (from neoclassical to atonal). Success, though, still eluded him as it had after graduating from Carnegie Tech. At wits end in the spring of 1966, McKinley got in touch with Mel Powell at Yale, whom he’d never met but whose work he was familiar with through recordings. Powell was an ideal person to ask for advice, since he also started as a jazz musician before transitioning into composition. McKinley spoke with Powell and sent samples of his work, which led Powell to extend an invitation to conduct graduate studies in composition. McKinley moved to New Haven and began his program that fall. Powell quickly became the kind of mentor that Lopatnikoff had been years earlier. His experiments with electronic music influenced by Anton Webern and Milton Babbitt made Powell an ideal figure to help shape McKinley’s ongoing incorporation of atonal techniques. Powell also encouraged McKinley to further hone his compositional philosophy, in which orchestration is an organic outgrowth of the opening melodic ideas. His influence was so profound that McKinley would write a 1988 article praising the pedagogical methods of his former teacher.

During his three years at Yale, McKinley also managed to make connections with musicians that would become erstwhile patrons in the coming years. Foremost among these were saxophonist Les Timmig, who gave McKinley some of his earliest post-graduate commissions in the early 1970s after taking a position in Wisconsin, and clarinetist Richard Stolzman, who tapped McKinley for dozens of works over a period of twenty years.

Teaching

McKinley began taking on theory and composition students during his senior year of college with the blessing of Alexei Haieff, a sabbatical replacement for Lopatnikoff. Among his students were saxophonists Eric Kloss and Steve Grossman. McKinley secured his first official teaching post while still enrolled at Yale, spending one semester at SUNY-Albany in the spring of 1968. After graduating in 1969, he accepted a position as an assistant professor of composition at the University of Chicago. He joined a department anchored by Easley Blackwood and Ralph Shapey, and featuring Shapey’s Contemporary Chamber Players as a resident ensemble to workshop and perform new music. While at Chicago, McKinley started his own Contemporary Jazz and Improvisation Ensemble and secured his first major commission from a symphony orchestra, which became the Triple Concerto (1970) for the CSO. After three years, though, he grew weary of the music department’s lack of support for his interest in jazz and his intuition-based style of composition. After turning down a job at Swarthmore College that would have provided a similar environment to the one he sought to escape in Chicago, McKinley was offered a position at the New England Conservatory by his old Tanglewood mentor Schuller. He accepted and began teaching at the institution in the fall of 1973.

At NEC, McKinley was finally encouraged to pursue his lifelong interest in creating music ensconced in both the jazz and classical worlds. Schuller had built the program to utilize the specific cross-genre talents of composers like McKinley, George Russell, and Jaki Byard. Although he was hired into the composition department, McKinley took an active role in the development of the Jazz Studies program from the start. In piano lessons, jazz harmony courses, and ensemble coaching, he emphasized creative development of improvisational voice over commercial skills, and his style of spontaneity in lieu of structure made him popular amongst his students. Con Chapman, a former student at NEC, wrote that McKinley often told students that only two emotions were worthy of expression in jazz performance: rage and introspection. In 1978, McKinley became chair of the rebranded Department of Afro-American Studies. By his own admission, this period as an administrator was less than pleasant, but he still accomplished a great deal. Among other things, he added Miroslav Vitouš and Bobby Moses to the department, and helped to restructure part of the curriculum by adding a course in standard repertoire. Because running the department interfered with his growing body of commissions, he stepped down in 1981, and after returning temporarily for a year left administration for good in 1983. McKinley stayed on at NEC to teach in both the composition and jazz studies departments until his retirement in 1992, and afterward continued to teach piano and composition privately until his death.

Performing career
McKinley secured his first paying performance opportunity with the Audrey Ann Dance Dancing Studio in New Kensington, where he played after school at the age of nine or ten. While in high school, his mentor Costa recommended him for a number of jobs in Pittsburgh and other cities in the area that helped to establish McKinley as a performer of great skill for his age. During the course of his college studies, McKinley performed several nights a week at the Midway Lounge in downtown Pittsburgh, where he played with luminaries Sonny Stitt and King Pleasure. This was in addition to more commercial gigs accompanying Neil Sedaka and The Four Freshmen that he took primarily to support his growing family. After returning from Tanglewood, McKinley reached an impasse playing in Pittsburgh’s conservative jazz scene. By his own description, McKinley was playing a modern style “with a bigger harmonic spectrum…[and] more on top of the beat” that he reflected would become more widespread during the 1970s. Upon moving to New Haven, he was instantly by his own account the best jazz pianist in town, and spent the next three years playing six nights a week and working with any major jazz figure who happened to need a pianist while in New Haven.

He continued to play on the side to supplement his day job as a professor. During his three years in Chicago, McKinley performed often at the Jazz Showcase, a venerated club that first opened in 1947. At that locale, McKinley crossed paths with figures like Dexter Gordon, Hank Mobley, and Art Farmer, though he admitted performing there was motivated more by money than artistry. Shortly after taking his position at NEC, McKinley played in a group called Departed Feathers in collaboration with Thomas Oboe Lee, a jazz performance major at the school and fellow Pittsburgh native. McKinley saw Lee perform at the Orson Welles Theater in Cambridge in a group featuring members of Gary Burton’s band, and was struck to hear them playing in a style similar to that which he’d wanted to play since the late-1950s. The band would play in Boston two to three nights a week during McKinley’s early years at NEC.

While his primary focus was on cutting recordings of his chamber works, McKinley did find time to produce some recordings of his piano work. He produced Improv Quartet Live (1975) with Timmig, a frequent patron of McKinley’s chamber works during the 1970s. A recording of a live set featuring McKinley and Vitouš at Michael’s Pub in Boston on October 8, 1980 was released as the album Earth Cycle (1980). Life Cycle (1981) was released on Schuller’s GM Label, featuring drummer Billy Hart, bassist Ed Schuller, saxophonist Joe Lovano, trumpeter Tom Harrell, and trombonist Gary Valente.

Compositional Periods
Per the bio-bibliography compiled and written by musicologist Jeffrey Sposato, we can divide McKinley’s output into three major periods. The first, termed his neoclassical period (1959-1964), primarily reflects the influence of Lopatnikoff at Carnegie Tech. These early works focus on the development of melodic ideas in the Stravinsky-Hindemith neoclassical tradition, McKinley’s own interest in Copland, and his jazz performance background which brought forth a great deal of rhythmic syncopation. McKinley would later describe his overall philosophy regarding these early works as such:My earliest mentors at Carnegie Tech did not believe in “cerebral” music. They taught that the mystical union of mind with spirit is paramount to the creative psyche, and they helped me to see the line of descent from the great masters to the present. When this heritage was coupled with my purely American jazz spirit, it was clear how my musical instincts would be revealed, and how my “American-ness” would manifest itself from the duality I traversed during these years.

In an interview with Gail Coffer, McKinley termed this mentality as “anti-order,” where creativity is intuitively incorporated into the process of composition. This ideal was cultivated early on, and is one of the most tangible elements undergirding his musical output from all facets of his long career. Unfortunately, there are few traces of his music from this neoclassical period, as most scores and the few recordings made have been lost. McKinley’s own descriptions of these works in a smattering of interviews like those referenced thus far are all that remain prior to his enrollment at Yale.

Although a move from his neoclassical roots had been in the works for a while, only after beginning his studies with Powell did McKinley’s second, atonal period (1965-1980) begin to emerge. He framed this move as a compromise between his sense of anti-order and intuition-based writing practice and the dominant strain of serialism suffusing American composition departments during that era. A serial aesthetic was thus achieved without recourse to what McKinley called the “logical positivist” aspects of the serial process. An early example can be found in the trio Attitudes (1967), his first work featuring Stolzman that includes extreme range jumps, instrumental effects, and a mercurial relationship between the content of each part - all hallmarks of works in this period. Yet McKinley wanted to harness these techniques into the service of an enhanced relationship between lyricism and virtuosity. In the program notes for the chamber piece Paintings No. 1 (1972), he mentions that all of his work tries to emphasize these qualities even if they are obscured from the listener by the “non-melodic” and “non-linear” aspects of works like this. Negotiating this tension became a central component to all of McKinley’s work through the 1970s, from solo pieces (For One, Eleven Interludes, Songs Without Words) to his first forays into larger chamber works (Triple Concerto, Concertino). Many, like the Paintings series (written throughout the decade), feature eclectic combinations of woodwinds, strings, and percussion written for small groups of friends and frequent collaborators.

Once he emerged from working in administration at NEC, McKinley began to more directly question the presence and role of tonal language in his music. These ruminations marked the beginning of his move into a final, neotonal period (1981-2015) that would define McKinley’s oeuvre for the rest of his life. The transformation to tonality was spurred in part from frustrations with reconciling his jazz background and classical study with the rough edges inherent in serial and atonal techniques. McKinley would credit Philip Glass and Steve Reich for pushing these frustrations to the forefront of his mind, though he took no direct inspiration from minimalist techniques. These questions also grew from pedagogical concerns related to his teaching at NEC. What purpose did it serve, McKinley wondered, if composition students were first told to study the tonality of Bach, Beethoven, and Schubert but write their own works using techniques lacking any tonality at all? The answer, for McKinley, was a return to unobscured harmony and melody, “what pleases me so much, like a little kid.”

His first notable embrace of this transformation came when writing Goodbye (1981), a work commissioned by Stoltzman and based on a song made famous by Benny Goodman, in which the original melody served as a cantus firmus. Ruminating on the success of this work, McKinley came to the following conclusion:And in the process of writing that piece, and bringing my jazz harmonic background into written rather than improvised form, where it had always remained, I thought to myself, “My God,” I thought I could write a symphony doing this. I could write a string quartet. I should be using this [tonal] language. What have I been doing all these years? I’ve been leaving out everything I know!

He followed this with series of works in more traditional ensemble and genre orientations, a contrast to the eclectic chamber arrangements that dominated his work in the 1970s. Among the most well known were his tone poem The Mountain (1982), an orchestral work of Brahmsian grandeur dedicated to fellow neotonal auteur John Harbison, the oratorio Deliverance, Amen (1983), and his “Romantic” Symphony No. 3 (1984), the product of his Koussitevsky Foundation commission. This neotonal turn coincided with a period of heightened exposure in the world of American classical composition. McKinley was featured in a 1981 segment for NPR’s RadioVisions, a program about contemporary concert music, called “Notes from the Steel City” featuring composers from Pittsburgh. Produced by Mark Yacavonne for WQED, the program featured music and interviews from McKinley, Daniel Lentz, and David Stock on their mentors, influences, and neo-classical backgrounds. Commissions from the Seattle Symphony and the Boston Pops were coupled with a series of National Endowment for the Arts grants, the aforementioned Koussitevsky fellowship, and culminating in a Guggenheim Fellowship for Creative Arts in 1985.

Recording Company
By the early 1990s, McKinley recognized the lack of opportunities for composers to record their music outside of major labels like Sony Classics and Deutsche Grammophon. Some successful recordings of his own work in Eastern Europe became the impetus for incorporating his own company to fill the gap. With the help of old friends like Stoltzman, the late conductor and pianist Robert Black, and conductor Gerard Schwartz, McKinley left full-time teaching to form Master Musicians Collective (MMC) in 1992. The modus operandi for MMC, in McKinley’s own words, was to “help composers connect with the listening public and vice versa and have built a wonderfully diverse catalog of truly outstanding modern music."

McKinley ran MMC as an in-house, threadbare operation. When music entrepreneur Bob Lord came aboard to assist with day-to-day operation of MMC in 2005, he mused at the cognitive dissonance of a company producing recordings of major symphony orchestras while working out of “a century-old dilapidated house with a couple of run-down computers resting on bedroom doors pulled from their frames and laid atop wooden sawhorses, with piles of dust lingering in forgotten fireplaces.” Lord ended up purchasing MMC’s entire catalog in 2008 and folded it into his new venture, PARMA Recordings.

Personal life
McKinley met Marlene Midler while playing at a club in Pittsburgh in 1955, although they were already passing acquaintances from the school choir. They married on April 11, 1956. Marlene would later finish a Ph.D. in Literature from the University of Chicago and teach in the English department of Suffolk University for over forty years. Together they had five sons: Joseph Thomas (1957-2022), Derek Scott (b. 1961), Jory Damon (1962-2019), Gregory Sëan (b. 1965), and Elliott Miles (b. 1969) who notably became a composer, and currently serves as Assistant Professor of Music Composition, Theory, and Technology at Roger Williams University in Bristol, RI.

Death and legacy
McKinley died on the morning of February 3, 2015 at his home in Reading, Massachusetts.

After his death, McKinley’s family established a foundation in his name, the William Thomas McKinley Foundation for American Music  to carry forth his legacy as a composer, pianist, and educator with an ongoing mission to promulgate his music in print and recordings as well as public outreach through grants and scholarships for promising young composers. McKinley donated nearly two-thirds of his notes and manuscripts to the Boston Public Library in 1996, which to that date was the largest single donation to the library by an American composer since Walter Piston in 1978. Shortly after his death, it was discovered that several pages from McKinley’s donated scores were missing, and feared stolen. After a lengthy search, the pages were found in a nearby location and presumed to be misfiled. The incident contributed to the resignation of BPL President Amy Ryan, under whose watch other high-profile works by Albrecht Dürer and Rembrandt had gone missing.

Selected awards and honors
Fromm Music Foundation Fellowship (1963, 1967, 1970)

BMI Student Composer Award (1963)

National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship (1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1989)

Pulitzer Prize in Composition Nomination (1976)

Walter W. Naumberg Foundation Award for Chamber Music Commission (1976)

Massachusetts Arts and Humanities Foundation (1977)

Tanglewood Faculty Fellow (1978, 1979)

American Academy of Arts and Letters Award (1983)

Koussevitsky Music Foundation at the Library of Congress Award (1983)

Honorable Mention, New England Composers Competition (1983)

Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship (1985)

Selected works
See also The William Thomas McKinley Foundation Life and Works Timeline

References
Ev Grimes. 1986. “Yale University American Music Oral History Series: William Thomas McKinley,” Yale University School of Music.

Jeffrey S. Sposato. 1995. William Thomas McKinley: A Bio-Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

External links

 The William Thomas McKinley Foundation
 William Thomas McKinley scores at Subito Music Publishers

1938 births
2015 deaths
American male composers
People from New Kensington, Pennsylvania
American jazz pianists
American classical pianists
Male classical pianists
American male pianists
20th-century classical pianists
20th-century American pianists
20th-century American composers
Jazz musicians from Pennsylvania
Classical musicians from Pennsylvania
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians


Generoso Pope (April 1, 1891 – April 28, 1950) was an Italian-American businessman and the owner of a chain of Italian-language newspapers in major American cities.

Family

Generoso was born with the name Generoso Antonio Pompilio Carlo Papa. He was the son of farmers Fortunato and Fortunata Papa. His last name is an anglicized version of his birth name, "Papa" being the Italian form of address for the Pope. After coming to the United States, he fathered three sons with his wife Catherine (1896-1998). His eldest son, Fortunato "Fortunate", (1918–1996) graduated from Columbia University and became an executive in the family construction business. Anthony (1919–2005), who was the middle son, took over the family business and quadrupled the size of Colonial Sand and Stone Company in less than four years. Generoso Pope Jr. (1927–1988) graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology at age 19 and purchased what was to become the National Enquirer in 1952, two years after his father's death.

Career
Generoso Pope arrived in the United States as Generoso Papa at age fifteen as a steerage passenger on the S/S Madonna in May 1906; he settled in New York City and found work carrying water for construction crews for $3 a week. He rose to construction supervisor and, eventually, owner of Colonial Sand & Stone, which was the largest sand and gravel company in the world.

In 1912, Pope established Pope Foods to import Italian foods.  He bought the Italian-language daily newspaper Il Progresso Italo-Americano in 1928 for $2,050,000,  which would convert to $261,000,000 in the modern day economy. He doubled its circulation to 200,000 in New York City, making it the largest Italian-language daily in the country. He purchased additional papers in New York, including Il Bollettino della Sera, Il Corriere d'America, and the Philadelphia daily L'Opinione. He also owned the radio station, WHOM. He became the chief source of political, social, and cultural information for the community.

A conservative Democrat who ran the Columbus Day parade and admired Mussolini, Pope was the most powerful enemy of anti-Fascism among Italian Americans. He was closely associated with Tammany Hall politics in New York, and his newspapers played a vital role in securing the Italian vote for Franklin D. Roosevelt's Democratic tickets. With his presidential friendships, Generoso was able to make Columbus Day into a national holiday in 1934. He also founded the Columbus Day Parade in New York City, which is still the world's largest Columbus Day Parade.

Pope served as chairman of the Italian Division of the Democratic National Committee in 1936, and helped persuade the president to take a neutral attitude over Italy's invasion of Ethiopia. He broke with Benito Mussolini in 1941 and enthusiastically supported the American war effort. In the late 1940s, Pope supported and helped secure the vote for William O'Dwyer as New York City mayor in 1945 and Harry S. Truman as president. His business concerns continued to prosper under New York's Democratic administrations. In the early years of the Cold War, Pope was a leading anti-Communist, orchestrating a letter writing campaign by his subscribers to stop the Communists from winning the Italian elections in 1948.

Death

Generoso Pope died of a heart ailment at age 59 in April 1950. At the time of his death, he lived at 1040 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, the later home of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. Pope was interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, New York City, within a private mausoleum adjacent to Central Avenue, the cemetery's main road. His wife, Catherine Richichi Pope, died 48 years later in 1998 at age 101. The entire Pope family is interred at Woodlawn except for Gene, Jr., who is buried at Our Lady Queen of Peace Catholic Cemetery in Royal Palm Beach, Florida.

Legacy
The St. Francis College athletics complex in Brooklyn, New York, is named after Generoso Pope. The complex houses the college's NCAA Division I teams and was erected in 1971. In addition, Pope Hall at Saint Peter's College in Jersey City, New Jersey, was dedicated to Generoso in 1971. The Generoso Pope Foundation is located in Tuckahoe, New York. There is also a dedication mural for Generoso Pope at Lawrence Hospital in Bronxville, New York.

References

External links
Generoso Pope Foundation
Generoso Pope at Find A Grave

1891 births
1950 deaths
American people of Italian descent
20th-century American newspaper publishers (people)
American newspaper chain founders
Publishers (people) of Italian-language newspapers in the United States
New York (state) Democrats
Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
American fascists
People from the Upper East Side


General Friedrich Kühn (7 August 1889 – 15 February 1944) was a General der Panzertruppe in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

World War II
At the start of World War II, Kühn was in command of a tank training school near Berlin, where he had been since 10 November 1938. On 10 February 1940, he took command of the 3rd Panzer Brigade under 3rd Panzer Division, which he led into the Battle of France. On 1 July 1940, he was promoted to Generalmajor. Kühn and his soldiers played a key part in the second stage of the battle, Fall Rot, when they were able to penetrate the French Weygand line on the first day of the offensive to a depth of 15 kilometers, destroyed fourteen artillery batteries and paved the way for the exploitation of the breakthrough. For his decisive leadership on that day Kühn would later be awarded the Knight's Cross on 4 July 1940.  In September 1940 he briefly held command of the 3rd Panzer Division in place of its commander Horst Stumpff, who returned to take command on 4 October 1940, and Kühn was appointed commander of the 33rd Infantry Division on 5 October 1940. The 33rd Infantry Division became the 15th Panzer Division on 11 November 1940, with Kühn keeping this command. On 22 March 1941 he traded command of 15th Panzer Division with Generalleutnant Heinrich von Prittwitz und Gaffron, and took command of 14th Panzer Division, which he led into the Invasion of Yugoslavia.

Kühn and the 14th Panzer Division participated in Operation Barbarossa as part of 1st Panzer Group under Army Group South, crossing into Russia near Ustyluh on 20 June 1941. The division captured Lutsk on 26 June 1941, reached Rivne by 1 July, and Bila Tserkva by 23 July 1941. The division turned south and drove through Uman on to Kirovohrad, which fell on 5 August 1941. Kühn then led the division through Kryvyi Rih to participate in the fight for Dnipropetrovsk, which lasted until 10 September 1941. The division then turned south and participated in the Battle of Rostov (1941), before spending the winter in defensive positions around the Mius River.

In 1942, Kühn and his division were ordered to assist in the counter-offensive against Russian forces in the Izyum area, which is where the unit was located until the middle of May 1942. On 22 April 1942, Kühn was awarded the German Cross in Gold. During the Second Battle of Kharkov, the division was ordered to relocate to Stalino, which is where it was located at the end of June 1942. On 30 June 1942, Kühn gave up the 14th Panzer Division, and on 1 July 1942, he was promoted to Generalleutnant. On 10 September 1942 he was appointed General of Army Mechanization at the OKH. On 23 February 1943, per orders directly from Adolf Hitler, he was put in charge of all motorization matters for all of the Wehrmacht. On 1 April 1943 he was promoted to General der Panzertruppe. On 15 February 1944, he was killed in a Berlin air raid at the Hotel Bristol.

References

Citations

Bibliography

1889 births
1944 deaths
People from Eutin
Generals of Panzer Troops
German Army personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Military personnel from the Province of Schleswig-Holstein
German Army personnel killed in World War II
Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class
Reichswehr personnel
Deaths by airstrike during World War II
Military personnel from Schleswig-Holstein
German Army generals of World War II


William Edson Jessop (born William Edson Timpson) is a leader in the Mormon fundamentalist movement.

In a January 2007 telephone conversation between Jessop and church president Warren Jeffs, Jeffs suggested that Jessop was the rightful leader of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church). In a jailhouse visit with his brother Nephi, Jeffs reportedly stated that "Brother William E. Jessop has been the prophet" of the FLDS Church since the death of Rulon Jeffs.

Family background
Jessop is the son of Alma A. Timpson and one of his wives, Kathy. In the mid-1980s, Timpson had a falling out with FLDS Church leader Leroy S. Johnson and left the FLDS Church to start the schismatic Centennial Park Group. However, his wife Kathy refused to follow him, and she and her children remained with the FLDS Church members. Kathy became the wife of Fred Jessop, and William adopted his stepfather's surname.

Claim to leadership
Prior to his death, Rulon Jeffs had instructed his son Warren Jeffs to ordain William Jessop to be a counselor to Fred Jessop, who was a bishop in the FLDS Church in Hildale, Utah. Warren Jeffs has claimed that when he performed this ordination, he made William Jessop an apostle—the highest priesthood ordination in the church—and that this ordination gave Jessop a right to lead the FLDS Church.

References

Carol McKinley, With Warren Jeffs in prison for life, a new “prophet” is trying to seize control of the cult from his family
Hilary Hylton, "A New Prophet for the Polygamists?", Time, 2008-07-18

"Washington County sends dossiers of select FLDS members to Texas officials", Deseret News, 2008-06-11

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American Latter Day Saint leaders
Mormon fundamentalist leaders
Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints members
People from Washington County, Utah


The International Innovation Index is a global index measuring the level of innovation of a country, produced jointly by The Boston Consulting Group (BCG), the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), and The Manufacturing Institute (MI), the NAM's nonpartisan research affiliate. NAM describes it as the "largest and most comprehensive global index of its kind".

The International Innovation Index is part of a large research study that looked at both the business outcomes of innovation and government's ability to encourage and support innovation through public policy. The study comprised a survey of more than 1,000 senior executives from NAM member companies across all industries; in-depth interviews with 30 of the executives; and a comparison of the "innovation friendliness" of 110 countries and all 50 U.S. states. The findings are published in the report, "The Innovation Imperative in Manufacturing: How the United States Can Restore Its Edge."

The report discusses not only country performance but also what companies are doing and should be doing to spur innovation. It looks at new policy indicators for innovation, including tax incentives and policies for immigration, education and intellectual property.

Large country ranking
The index was published in March 2009. To rank the countries, the study measured both innovation inputs and outputs. Innovation inputs included government and fiscal policy, education policy and the innovation environment. Outputs included patents, technology transfer, and other R&D results; business performance, such as labor productivity and total shareholder returns; and the impact of innovation on business migration and economic growth. The following is a list of the twenty largest countries (as measured by GDP) by the International Innovation Index:

Large and small country ranking

See also

 Global Innovation Index
 Bloomberg Innovation Quotient
 Creative destruction
 Creative problem solving
 Theories of technology
 Diffusion (anthropology)
 Ecoinnovation
 Emerging technologies
 List of emerging technologies
 Hype cycle
 Individual capital
 Induced innovation
 Information revolution
 Innovation economics
 Knowledge economy
 Open innovation
 Timeline of historic inventions
 Toolkits for user innovation
 User innovation
 Value network

References

External links
 The Boston Consulting Group
 National Association of Manufacturers

Global economic indicators
Innovation


William Jessop may refer to:

William Jessop (died 1734), English lawyer and Member of Parliament
William Jessop (1745–1814), English civil engineer notable for work on canals and railways
William E. Jessop, American leader in the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Willie Jessop, American leader of and spokesperson for the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
William J. E. Jessop (1902–1980), Irish academic, medical practitioner and politician
Willie Jessop (footballer) (1922–1994), English footballer


Sangara is a settlement in south-eastern Papua New Guinea. It is located to the east of Kokoda.

History
During the Second World War the area saw fighting between the Japanese forces and the allies (primarily Australians). Missionaries were once active in the area and a mission station was established in Sangara. In 1948, Martyrs Memorial School for boys was established in Sangara, named in honour of 11 Anglican missionaries.

Economy
The Sangara also constitute a tribe in the area. They are known for setting up markets along the road to Buna Bay to Yodda Goldfield and trading taro with tobacco and glass bottles.

Sangara is a notable area of coffee production, lying in the foothills. 18 commercial coffee plantations were established in 1926, paving the way for commercial production from 1928. Louis Austen, a retired sea-captain, once managed a government coffee plantation near Sangara. Historically there were also major rubber plantations in the area; the rubber was transported to the port at Buna Bay and then shipped overseas. Sangara was also an important location for the sugar industry in the country. In 1928 a group of Cairns-based investors founded the Sangara Sugar Estates, Ltd., and proposed the payment of capital worth £500,000 to promote sugar production in Papua New Guinea. The company was reported to have applied for some 8100 hectares of land. The sugar industry in Sangara though was reportedly not as successful as the rubber industry and some of the plantations were later converted to produce rubber.

See also
 Kokoda Track campaign
 Lucian Tapiedi

References

Populated places in Oro Province


Irene Latham is an American author who writes books for children. Latham traveled worldwide with her family before settling in Alabama, in 1984. She is a graduate of Hewitt-Trussville High School and earned degrees in social work from the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa. She is represented by Stimola Literary Studio.

Bibliography

Novels

 Illustrated by Stephanie Graegin.
African Town

Picture books

 Illustrated by Thea Baker

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
21st-century American novelists
American women novelists
Writers from Birmingham, Alabama
People from Covington, Georgia
University of Alabama alumni
University of Alabama at Birmingham alumni
Poets from Alabama
Poets from Georgia (U.S. state)
American women poets
21st-century American women writers
21st-century American poets
Novelists from Alabama
Novelists from Georgia (U.S. state)


William Roy Jessop is a former leader and spokesman for the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church). Jessop should not be confused with William E. Jessop, the person Warren Jeffs designated as his successor to the presidency of the FLDS Church.

Jessop was a bodyguard during the tenure of FLDS Church president Warren Jeffs. After Jeffs' arrest and the April 2008 raids on the church's YFZ Ranch near Eldorado, Texas, Jessop became a frequent spokesman for the FLDS Church. In May 2008, Jessop wrote an open letter to United States president George W. Bush, requesting that he intervene against the removal of children from FLDS Church families.

In a January 2009 deposition, Jessop refused to answer 110 questions put to him on the grounds that doing so would violate his Fifth Amendment rights under the United States Constitution.

In February 2011, Jessop left the church and in April denounced Jeffs.  After leaving the church, Jessop continues to live in Hildale, Utah.  In October, a 25-year-old wife of Jeffs fleeing the church sought refuge in his house before being removed by law enforcement.

Jessop has been nicknamed "Willie the Thug", "Fat Willie", "Willie Doughnuts" and "King Willie" by disaffected FLDS Church members. He has been described by police as having "a passion for violence, weapons (legal and illegal) and explosives" and has been said to be "the most serious threat affiliated with the FLDS religion". Police have also suggested that Jessop attempted to intimidate witnesses during Warren Jeffs' 2007 trial.

Willie Jessop's reversal and denouncement of Warren Jeffs occurred after he discovered incriminating evidence (documents and audio recordings) that proved Jeffs was guilty of crimes he had been charged with and subsequently found guilty of in 2011 (namely accessory to rape and rape of minors). Jessop was shocked and disgusted to discover that the prophet he had been protecting had in fact been using his status to facilitate group sex with young girls. Jessop received further confirmation after interviewing some of Jeffs' wives.

After publicly denouncing Warren Jeffs in 2011, Willie Jessop was subject to discrimination, harassment and burglary by FLDS members and sect leaders. He later won a lawsuit against them in court. In March 2015, he appeared on the Oprah Winfrey show to reveal the truth in his change of allegiance, as well as open up about the aftermath that followed.

Notes

References
John Quinones and Harry Phillips, "Willie Jessop: Purported Frontman at Texas Polygamy Compound", ABC News, 2008-04-18

American Latter Day Saint leaders
Bodyguards
Former members of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Mormon fundamentalist leaders
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Washington County, Utah

"Jessop, who once defended Warren Jeffs, talks to Oprah again," by Nate Carlisle, published on 20 March 2015 in the Salt Lake Tribune (http://www.sltrib.com/home/2314512-155/willie-jessop-who-once-defended-warren)


Ramsay Hot Springs is a hot spring in the western Clayoquot Sound region of the West Coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, located north of Sharp Point to the west of Sydney Inlet.  The hot springs are the namesake of the community and cove of Hot Springs Cove and are protected by Maquinna Marine Provincial Park. They are accessible only by boat or float plane, and are open year-round.

References

Hot springs of British Columbia
Clayoquot Sound region


A superstition in Western cultures holds that spilling salt is an evil omen. However, salt has had a variety of meanings in religions around the world.

History
The European belief in the ill luck that comes from spilt salt is quite old, going back to ancient Rome. The 1556 Hieroglyphica of Piero Valeriano Bolzani reports that "(s)alt was formerly a symbol of friendship, because of its lasting quality. For it makes substances more compact and preserves them for a long time: hence it was usually presented to guests before other food, to signify the abiding strength of friendship. Wherefore many consider it ominous to spill salt on the table, and, on the other hand, propitious to spill wine, especially if unmixed with water."

This may not be the actual explanation since salt was a valuable commodity in ancient times and, as such, was seen as a symbol of trust and friendship. A German proverb held that "whoever spills salt arouses enmity". According to Charles Nodier, among "savages", the "action of spilling salt ... indicates among them the refusal of protection and hospitality from such strangers as they may have reason to suspect are thieves and murderers."

This led to the common misconception that due to salt being such a valuable item Roman soldiers were paid in it. There is no historical evidence for this belief. The idea is so widely held and has been for so long that the etymology of the word salary comes from the Latin salarium was originally salt money (Lat. sal, salt), i.e. the sum paid to soldiers for salt.

One widespread explanation of the belief that it is unlucky to spill salt is that Judas Iscariot spilled the salt at the Last Supper, and, indeed, Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper depicts Judas Iscariot having knocked over a salt-cellar. This is often taken as a questionable explanation because spilling salt was generally considered a bad omen already, and the imagery predates Leonardo's usage.

Some have scoffed at the omen. Herbert Spencer wrote that "A consciousness in which there lives the idea that spilling salt will be followed by some evil, obviously allied as it is to the consciousness of the savage, filled with beliefs in omens and charms, gives a home to other beliefs like those of the savage."  Even now a variety of methods are used to avert the evil omen of spilled salt. The most common contemporary belief requires you to toss a pinch of the spilt salt over your left shoulder, into the face of the Devil who lurks there.  Though generally disregarded as an ineffectual superstition, Professor Jane Risen of the University of Chicago has published research that shows such "jinx avoidance behavior" can have a positive effect on people's actions after a perceived bad luck event.

Salt in religions throughout the world
One of the reasons that this superstition has been so enduring and widespread is that salt has long held an important place in religions of many cultures.

In Brahmanic sacrifices and during festivals held by Semites as well the Greeks at the time of the new moon, salt was thrown into fire to make crackling noises.
Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans invoked gods with salt offerings. Some people think this to be the origin of Holy Water in Christianity.
In Aztec mythology, Huixtocihuatl was a fertility goddess who presided over salt and salt water.
Salt is an auspicious substance in Hinduism and is used in ceremonies like house-warmings and weddings.
In Jainism, an offering of raw rice with a pinch of salt signifies devotion and salt is sprinkled on a person's cremated remains before burial.
Salt is believed to ward off evil spirits in Mahayana Buddhist tradition, and after a funeral, salt is thrown over the left shoulder to prevent evil spirits from entering the house.
In Shinto, salt ritually purifies locations and people and piles of salt are placed in dishes by the entrance of businesses to ward off evil and attract patrons.

In the Old Testament thirty-five verses mention salt, some examples are:
Lot's wife was turned into a pillar of salt when she looked back at the Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19:26) as they were destroyed.
When the judge Abimelech destroyed Shechem he is said to have "sown salt on it," (Judges 9:45).
The Book of Job mentions salt as a condiment. "Can that which is unsavoury be eaten without salt? or is there any taste in the white of an egg?" (Job 6:6).

In the New Testament, six verses mention salt, examples include:
In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus referred to followers as the "salt of the earth".
The apostle Paul encouraged Christians to "let your conversation be always full of grace, seasoned with salt" (Colossians 4:6).

In Catholicism:
Salt is mandatory in the rite of the Tridentine Mass.
Salt is the third item (which includes an Exorcism) of the Celtic Consecration, or Gallican Rite, employed in church consecration.
It may be added to the water "where it is customary" in the rite of Holy water.

In Judaism, it is recommended to have either a salty bread or to add salt to the bread if this bread is unsalted when doing Kiddush for Shabbat. It is customary to spread some salt over the bread or to dip the bread in a little salt when passing the bread around the table after the Kiddush.
To preserve the covenant between their people and God, Jews dip Sabbath bread in salt.

In Wicca, it's symbolic of the element Earth. It is also cleanses an area of harmful, negative energy. A dish of salt and one of water are on most altars, and salt is used in many rituals.

References

Superstitions
Luck
History of salt


The Iowa State Cyclones women's basketball team represents Iowa State University (ISU) and competes in the Big 12 Conference of NCAA Division I. The team is coached by Bill Fennelly, who is in his 28th year at Iowa State.  The Cyclones play their home games at Hilton Coliseum on Iowa State's campus.

Overview
Iowa State University is known for having one of the best women's basketball programs in the nation.  Since the founding of the Big 12 in 1996, ISU has had only three losing seasons, has won three conference titles (1 regular season, 3 tournament), and has the best conference tournament record in the Big 12.  Iowa State has made it to and won the Big 12 tournament championship game more times than any team except Oklahoma. Bill Fennelly is the coach of the women's team and largely responsible for building the program.  In games played since the Big 12 was founded in 1996, ISU has a winning record against every Big 12 school except Baylor.

On a national level, since 1996 the Cyclones have made the NCAA tournament twenty one times,  advancing six times to the Sweet Sixteen, including twice to the Elite Eight.  Additionally, Iowa State has made the WNIT twice in that span.  ISU was in the AP Top 25 poll for over four years and was in the Top 10 for 34 consecutive weeks starting in the 1999 season.  ISU has been ranked in the top 10 for attendance every season since 1999–2000, including a #3 ranking for the 2008–2009 season which led all Big 12 schools and #2 nationally for the 2012–2013 season.

History

Gloria Crosby (1973–1974)

In 1973, Coach Gloria Crosby led the Iowa State Women's Basketball team through their first season as a Division I program.  Prior to that, women were only able to play intramural basketball.  The team, at that point known as the "Cagers", played their first game on January 12, 1974, losing to Northern Iowa by 73–38.  Crosby and the Iowa State Women's Basketball team got their first win a week later over Wartburg, 51–38.  Gloria Crosby coached just one season and finished her basketball coach career at ISU with an 8–8 record.  She would become the head coach of the Iowa State Softball team.

Lynn Wheeler (1974–1980)

Lynn Wheeler took over as head coach for ISU's second season of women's basketball (1974). Wheeler coached for six seasons and had winning records in three of those seasons.  In Wheeler's second season, she led Iowa State to its first 20 win season.  Lynn Wheeler resigned after finishing with 14 straight defeats, stating "I've taken this team as far as I can."

Deb Oing (1980–1984)

In 1981, Deb Oing became Iowa State’s third coach.  Over four seasons she coached ISU to a 31–80 record and was coach in 1984 for ISU's only winless conference season (0–14).  She coached Iowa State to the program’s first official Big Eight conference win, an 80–76 decision over Oklahoma in Ames on November 27, 1982.  In 1982, Oing served with Team USA as an assistant.

Pam Wettig (1984–1992)

Pam Wettig became Iowa State's fourth head coach in 1985.  Wettig coached for eight years and finished a 100–121 record.  Wettig coached Iowa State to their first win in the Big Eight Conference tournament in 1990 (the Big Eight switched to a single-elimination event in 1983).  Wettig was named Big Eight Coach of the Year for the 1985–1986 season.

Theresa Becker (1992–1995)

Theresa Becker became Iowa State’s fifth coach (1993–1995), finishing a disappointing 18–63 over three seasons.  Iowa State never finished better than a tie for 7th place in the Big Eight under Becker.

Bill Fennelly (1995–Present)

In 1995 (one year before inception of the Big 12), Iowa State hired former University of Toledo head women's basketball coach, Bill Fennelly.  When Fennelly arrived, Iowa State hadn't had a winning season in seven years and only five winning seasons ever.  In his first season, Fennelly led the Cyclones to a 17–10 record.  That is nearly as many wins as Fennelly's predecessor, Theresa Becker, had in her career (18) at ISU in the three previous years.

Fennelly came to Iowa State after building a successful program at Toledo (.758 overall winning percentage, three NCAA and three WNIT appearances).  In nineteen seasons at Iowa State (1995–2014), Fennelly has continued that success, compiling a record of 410–184 overall and 177–118 in conference play.

Under Fennelly, Iowa State advanced to its first NCAA appearance (1997), won its first NCAA game (1998), and hosted five consecutive NCAA first and second-round games (1998–2002) when host sites were earned, not pre-determined.  Fennelly was national runner-up for the Associated Press (AP) Coach of the Year and guided the Cyclones to their first national ranking, reaching #22 (both in 1998).  Iowa State advanced to the Elite 8 in 1999 and again in 2009.  The Cyclones have made it to the Sweet 16 six times (1999–2001, 2009, 2010, 2022).  Stacy Frese became Iowa State’s first AP All-American (1999).  Iowa State won the Big 12 regular season title (2000) and three Big 12 Conference tournament championships (2000–2001, 2023).  Iowa State defeated its first #1 ranked team (Texas Tech, ESPN poll) and advanced to its first post-season Final Four in the WNIT (both 2004).

Championships

Conference Tournament seeds
In their history of appearances in the Big Eight/Twelve Conference tournaments, they have been seeded in the top five spots 16 times, with the most common seed being 8th, which they have been placed eight times.

Big Eight Conference

Big 12 Conference

NCAA Tournament history

The Cyclones have a 21–20 record in the NCAA Tournament.

Head coaching records

Hilton Magic
The Cyclones play at Hilton Coliseum, on the campus of Iowa State University, in Ames, Iowa. The Cyclones’ yearly attendance average has grown from 733 fans per game the season before Coach Fennelly came to ISU to over 10,000 per contest in 2011–2012. ISU’s attendance has ranked among the top 11 schools nationally in each of the last 17 seasons, including ranking fourth for three straight years from 1999 to 2002 and fourth or higher for seven straight years from 2007 to 2014. Iowa State was ranked 2nd in attendance in 2013 and 2014. The Cyclones enjoyed their first-ever sellout crowd in a 2004 WNIT/NIT doubleheader against Saint Joseph's. In 2009, Iowa State had a higher total attendance with over 156,000 than 16 of the 31 Division I conferences.

Retired jerseys

Retired Jerseys

See also
 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball

References

External links


Graham Williams may refer to:

Sportspeople
Graham Williams (Australian cricketer) (1911–1978), Australian cricketer and prisoner of war
Graham Williams (footballer, born 1936) (1936–2018), Welsh international footballer who played for nine teams in England and Wales
Graham Williams (footballer, born 1938), Welsh international footballer who played for West Bromwich Albion and managed Weymouth and Cardiff City
Graham Williams (rugby league) (1944–1994), English rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s, and coached in the 1980s
Graham Williams (rugby union) (1945–2018), New Zealand rugby union footballer
Graham Williams (English cricketer) (born 1985), English cricketer

Others
Graham Williams (television producer) (1945–1990), British television producer and script editor
Graham Williams (promoter) (born 1978), concert promoter based in Austin, Texas, USA
Graham Headley Williams, guitarist with Welsh band Racing Cars


X to Y is a 2009 short film written and directed by Matt Sobel and starring Brett Lee Alexander, Madison Nicole Alexander, Shivani Kadakia, and Tony Panighetti. It was shot on location in White Sands, New Mexico.

Cast
Brett Lee Alexander as Toby
Madison Nicole Alexander as Skittle
Shivani Ray as Priya
Tony Panighetti as Neil

Awards
The film's festival debut was at Cinequest Film Festival 19 on March 6, 2009, where it won the Audience Award for best short film.

References

External links

2009 films
American short films
2000s English-language films


ČTV was a television channel of Czechoslovak Television and later Czech Television station that broadcast in the Czech lands in 1990–1992. It was the successor of II. program and in 1993 it was replaced by station ČT1. In Slovakia, channel S1 broadcast it instead.

History
After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, Czechoslovak Television (ČST) started broadcasting its third station, OK3, in May 1990. Further changes took place on September 3, 1990, when the existing ČST I program became the nationwide federal channel F1, while II. the program was divided into two national stations: the Czech ČTV and the Slovak S1. On January 1, 1992, an independent Czech Television was established, which became the broadcaster of the CTV channel. Its broadcast was originally encoded in the SECAM standard, but the change occurred on July 1, 1992, when CTV began using the PAL standard. The ČTV station ceased operations with the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on December 31, 1992, and was replaced by the ČT1 channel from January 1, 1993.

References

Television stations in the Czech Republic
Television in Czechoslovakia
Television channels and stations established in 1990
Television channels and stations established in 1992
Czech-language television stations
Czech Television


Leckfurin is a small remote village, which lies on the left bank of the River Naver,  in northern Sutherland in  Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

The A836 road runs through Leckfurin.

References

Populated places in Sutherland


Vegas is the self-titled album by the one-off collaborative group featuring British artists Terry Hall (best known as vocalist for 2 tone and ska revival band the Specials and subsequent offshoot band Fun Boy Three) and Dave Stewart of Eurythmics. The duo worked with the assistance of drummer and programmer Olle Romö and engineer Emmanuel 'Manu' Guiot (with Dave Stewart also using this surname professionally with the pseudonym Jean Guiot), both former collaborators with Stewart on Eurythmics projects. Vegas includes the singles "Possessed", "She" and "Walk into the Wind". Of the three, only "Possessed" charted in the UK top 40, whilst "Walk into the Wind" featured Shakespears Sister's Siobhan Fahey (then Stewart's wife). Receiving positive reviews, the album was released on CD, cassette and vinyl LP by the major record label RCA/BMG in October 1992, but failed to chart. The album has since been deleted. However it is available on Apple Music/iTunes.

The album was written by Hall and Stewart with the exception of the standard "She". No performer credits are provided; AllMusic speculates that Vegas is almost certainly a Dave Stewart production. Stewart likely was responsible for the majority of the musical backing with assistance from Romo and Guiot, and Hall contributing his vocal.

Following the album's commercial failure, the group split. Hall subsequently launched a solo career, releasing Home in 1994. Stewart also returned to solo work, releasing Greetings from the Gutter in 1994. The pair reunited in 1997 to support Bob Dylan during his Never Ending Tour for a pair of concerts in Japan.

Track listing
All tracks composed by Dave Stewart and Terry Hall; except where noted.
 "Possessed" – 4:51
 "Walk into the Wind" – 5:17
 "She's Alright" – 4:13
 "Take Me for What I Am" – 4:51
 "The Trouble with Lovers" – 5:25
 "Nothing Alas Alack" – 5:18
 "The Thought of You" – 3:39
 "Wise Guy" – 7:21
 "The Day It Rained Forever" – 4:46
 "She" (Charles Aznavour, Herbert Kretzmer) – 3:11

Personnel
Performers
Terry Hall
Dave Stewart
Olle Romö
Manu Guiot

Technical
Olle Romö – programming, production
Darren Allison – engineering
Recorded at The Church Studio

B-sides
Vegas recorded an additional six tracks which were released as single B-sides. There were also three remixes of "She".

from "Possessed"
"Lying in Bed Barefoot" (Stewart, Hall)
"Infectious" (Stewart, Hall)

from "She"
"Tip of My Tongue"
"If You Kill My Cat I'll Kill Your Dog"
"She (Disco Mix)"
"She (Disco Mix Instrumental)"
"She (Rapino Brothers Mix)"

from "Walk into the Wind"
"Truth Is Stranger Than Fiction" (Hall, Stewart)
"Art Blind" (Stewart, Hall)

Chart positions
Singles

References

1992 debut albums
Vegas (duo) albums
RCA Victor albums
Bertelsmann Music Group albums


The Aeolian Chamber Players is an American musical ensemble that is dedicated to the performance of chamber music. Founded in 1961 by violinist Lewis Kaplan, the group has been the resident ensemble at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine since 1964. The ensemble is particularly known for performing new works and has produced several commercial recordings. The ensemble's recording of George Crumb's Night of the Four Moons for Columbia Records was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Classical Album. Approximately 150 works, many by noted composers, were written for the Aeolians including Luciano Berio"O King",  George Crumb "Eleven Echoes of Autumn, 1965" and  "Dream Sequence", Ralph Shapey "Discourse for Four Instruments" and "Discourse 2", Mario Davidovsky "Junctures", Milton Babbitt "Four Play".  Several notable musicians have been members of the ensemble during its history, including pianists Walter Ponce and Gilbert Kalish, flutists Erich Graf and Thomas Nyfenger, cellists Jerry Grossman and Ronald Thomas, and clarinetist Thomas Hill, among others. The ensemble held extended residencies at Sarah Lawrence College and C.W.Post College. The Aeolians recorded for BBC and Swiss Radio and by invitation participated in the NEA's pilot project in chamber music.

Sources
New York Times, November 16, 1988

Musical groups established in 1961
Chamber music groups
1961 establishments in the United States


"Into Asylum" is the twenty-first episode of the third season of the NBC superhero drama series Heroes and fifty-fifth episode overall. The episode aired on March 30, 2009.

Synopsis

Nathan Petrelli and Claire Bennet have flown to Pátzcuaro, Mexico, where Nathan checks them into a motel for the night, planning to hide from the government agents until he can come up with a plan. At a local cantina, Nathan attempts to win some money by playing a drinking game with some patrons, but ends up passing out. Claire offers to take over, and due to her regenerative abilities, she is unable to become intoxicated and wins the game. Claire then takes Nathan back to their hotel room. Nathan reveals the reason he had given Claire a free pass was that he had hoped he could win her over. As Nathan falls asleep, he says he will make some calls the next day to fix his mess. The next morning, however, Nathan reveals he has nothing, attributing his earlier pledge to fix things to being drunk. Claire angrily accuses him of not trying, saying she has always looked up to him as her "Superman," and leaves in a huff. Nathan later finds Claire waiting for a bus to head back to San Diego, and mentions he will be flying up to the states. Claire at first refuses, but then smiles and goes along with Nathan.

Peter Petrelli and his mother Angela Petrelli have flown to a church, where Angela claims she needs to rest and find some answers. Angela says she needs to fall asleep so she can dream. While Angela rests, Peter prays to God, demanding why he was never given something in return for saving the world. However, they are interrupted by men from the agency, who have entered the church. Peter and Angela go to hide in a confessional. Fitting to their location, Angela confesses that she too was once like Peter, and that she chose to pay a heavy price to save the world. The door to their booth is then opened by Noah Bennet, who keeps their location a secret and gives the all-clear to the other agents. Afterwards, Angela finally manages to sleep, and when awoken says she has dreamt again. She tells Peter they need to reunite their family, including Nathan and Claire, as well as a previously unmentioned sister of Angela's.

Emile Danko is investigating a case in Arlington, Virginia, where three agents were killed trying to apprehend a man named James Martin. An agent named Jenkins recounts how he found the three lying there when he arrived, having suffered shots to the head at close range with no sign of a scuffle. Although Martin's ability is unknown, they have identified him as a person with abilities via comparing his DNA from a national database. Noah chastises Danko for sending his men in without knowing about the intended target, but Danko says he is desperate. Danko gets in his car, turns on the radio (Del Shannon's "Runaway" is playing), and is about to pull out when Sylar appears in his backseat, revealing he was the one who sent him Eric Doyle and the stuffed rabbit from the previous episode. He then offers to help Danko catch Martin and other people with abilities, and mysteriously disappears before Danko can draw his gun on him. Danko talks with Noah, wondering how he was able to work with people with abilities during his time at Primatech. Noah replies that he just found ways to appeal to them. Later, Jenkins talks to Danko briefly before he is interrupted by a phone call from Sylar. As Jenkins leaves, Sylar informs Danko he found another body, that of Jenkins. They then realize that the man Danko was just talking to was Martin, who has the ability to shape-shift. Danko and his men give chase, but Martin escapes.

Later, Danko catches Sylar at Martin's house, and asks why he shouldn't just kill him now. Sylar repeats his previous offer, telling him he can help him track and kill people with abilities. They are able to track Martin to a nightclub, where they easily find him as he has shape-shifted to appear as Danko. The two lose him in the crowd, however. Danko then meets back with Sylar and informs him he is leaving. As they exit, Danko turns around and fires on Sylar; the real Sylar then enters, as the one Danko had shot was in fact Martin. Sylar then proceeds to take Martin's ability, and kills him. Later, Noah is stunned to see Sylar's body getting zipped up in a body bag, it being still unknown to everyone that this is actually Martin. Sylar meets with Danko again, and Sylar states that it will be easier for the two to operate now that everyone believes him to be dead. Danko then comments that if they succeed, Sylar will be the last person left with abilities, though Sylar just smiles and responds that it's funny how that works out.

There is also a reference to the film Se7en, when Danko asks Sylar whats in the box before opening it to find a human head.

Critical reception
Josh Modell of The A.V. Club rated this episode a B.

Robert Canning of IGN gave the episode 6.9 out of 10.

References

External links

Beaming Beeman - Season 3, Episode 21 - Director's blog on the filming of this episode

Heroes (season 3) episodes
2009 American television episodes


Coatbridge is a town which grew out of a series of 18th-century hamlets on the road between Airdrie and Glasgow. During the 19th century these hamlets grew into the modern-day town of Coatbridge. A number of these hamlets constitute the neighbourhoods of Coatbridge. Overlaid on the older hamlets are modern-day council estates built as a part of programme of social housing construction in the 1930s and 1950s.

There are approximately 27 distinct neighbourhoods associated with Coatbridge. A number of these neighbourhoods overlap geographically.

Generally speaking, Coatbridge's neighbourhoods are working class in composition, although the sandstone buildings of the Drumpellier, Blairhill and Dunbeth areas are regarded as the more affluent areas of Coatbridge.

List of neighbourhoods in Coatbridge
 South Coatbridge
 Kirkwood
 Kirkshaws
 Whifflet
 Carnbroe
 Dundyvan
 Sikeside
 Rosehall
 Shawhead
 Greenend
 Barrowfield
 Old Monkland
 Cuparhead
 North Coatbridge
Drumpellier
 Townhead
 Espieside
 Gartsherrie
 Greenhill
 Parklands
 Blairhill
 Sunnyside
 Cliftonville
 Coatdyke
 Central Coatbridge
 Dunbeth
 Langloan
 Summerlee
 Victoria Park
 Whitelaw

References

External links
North Lanarkshire Council
Coatbridge Museum
Interactive map of the neighbourhoods and landmarks of Coatbridge

Areas
Coatbridge


William Peters Latham, Sr. (4 January 1917 in Shreveport, Louisiana – 24 February 2004 in Denton, Texas) was an American composer and music educator.

Teaching career
Latham was educated in Kentucky, Ohio, and New York, completing degrees in composition and theory at the University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music. Later, he was awarded a Ph.D. in composition at  the Eastman School of Music of the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York (1951). His principal composition teachers were Sir Eugene Aynsley Goossens and Howard Hanson.

Latham taught theory and composition at the University of Northern Iowa from 1946 to 1965, attaining the rank of professor of music in 1959. In 1965 he joined the faculty of the University of North Texas College of Music as professor of music and coordinator of composition. He was appointed director of graduate studies in music in 1969. In 1978 he was promoted to the rank of distinguished professor of music, the university's highest rank. Only seven other faculty members of the university had been so honored at that time. He retired from active service at UNT in June, 1984, and he was formally designated professor emeritus by the board of regents in November, 1984.

Compositions
Latham composed 118 works; 62 have been published, 56 remain in manuscript, but all have been performed, many throughout the United States, Canada, Europe, and Japan. He received numerous awards and commissions (29). His orchestral works have been performed by the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, the Eastman-Rochester Philharmonic, the Dallas Symphony Orchestra, the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra, and Radio Orchestras in Brussels, Belgium and Hilversum, Holland, under such well known conductors as Eugene Goossens, Howard Hanson, Thor Johnson, Anshel Brusilow, John Giordano, and Walter Susskind.

Death
Latham died in Denton, Texas, on February 24, 2004.

References
https://www.library.uni.edu/collections/special-collections/biographical-sketches/william-peters-latham

American male composers
Musicians from Shreveport, Louisiana
1917 births
2004 deaths
Texas classical music
University of Cincinnati – College-Conservatory of Music alumni
University of Rochester alumni
20th-century American composers
20th-century American male musicians


Ormond Henry Jones (24 August 1910 – 10 April 1972) was a Welsh footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Wednesbury Town, Stoke City, Yeovil & Petters United, Port Vale, Watford, and Mansfield Town.

Career
Jones played for Hickman's Town, Bilston United, Wednesbury Town, Stoke City (on trial in March 1931), Blackpool (on trial) and Yeovil & Petters United, before joining Port Vale in May 1933. He was appointed first team keeper ahead of Allan Todd until October 1933, when he contracted tonsillitis and lost his place. He played a total of 14 Second Division games in the 1933–34 season. He was given a free transfer away from The Old Recreation Ground in May 1934 and later had two spells with Norwich City. He signed with Watford in January 1936 following injuries to Jim McLaren and John McHugh, and played eight Third Division South games before he was released at the end of the 1935–36 season. He later played for Mansfield Town and Yarmouth Town.

Career statistics
Source:

References

Footballers from Conwy County Borough
Welsh men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Wednesbury Town F.C. players
Stoke City F.C. players
Yeovil Town F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Norwich City F.C. players
Watford F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
English Football League players
1910 births
1972 deaths


Cuthbert Hilton Golding-Bird (1848–1939) was an English surgeon at Guy's Hospital, fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, and lecturer to medical students.  He was skilled in histology, invented a dilator for use in tracheotomies, and pioneered a new gastroenterological surgical procedure.

Outside of medicine, Golding-Bird was known as a collector of clocks and publisher of books on local archaeology.

Early life, education, and family
Golding-Bird was born in Pentonville, London on 7 July 1848.  He was the fourth child of Golding Bird, a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and pioneer of electrotherapy.  Golding-Bird's mother, Mary, instituted the Golding Bird Gold Medal and Scholarship for sanitary science (later renamed for bacteriology).  He attended Tonbridge School 1856–1862 and then King's College London.  He obtained a BA at the University of London in 1867.

In 1870, Golding-Bird married Florence Marion, daughter of another surgeon, John Baber.  Florence died in 1919.  The couple had no children.  Golding-Bird died of angina with asthma on 6 March 1939 at Pitfield, near Meopham, Kent.

Career
Golding-Bird started at Guy's Hospital Medical School in 1868.  He won multiple prizes as a student.  After qualifying, he went on a post-graduate course in Paris.  Back at Guy's, he was initially a demonstrator of anatomy.  In 1875 he was appointed assistant surgeon and demonstrator of physiology under Philip Pye-Smith, who he succeeded in 1883.  He remained at Guy's until his retirement in 1908.  He retired to Meopham, but continued to serve Guy's as consulting surgeon.  In retirement, he was also surgeon to the Gravesend Hospital and the Royal Deaf and Dumb School, Margate.

Golding-Bird was a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons from 1874.  He served them as examiner in various capacities from 1884 to 1913.  He was a member of the Physiological Society from 1880.

Surgery

Golding-Bird was known for his skill in microanatomy (histology).  He worked by hand with an ordinary razor, as was then the custom.  Drawings of his sections of the retina appeared in Quain's Anatomy.  Golding-Bird invented a dilator for use in tracheotomies.  The dilator was an alternative to the previous practice of holding the incision open with stitches of silk thread.  Another innovative procedure of which Golding-Bird was one of the pioneers was the treatment of ulcerative colitis by making an incision in the appendix through which the large intestine could be flushed.

Golding-Bird was young looking, which sometimes caused patients to doubt his experience.  One woman, who needed a leg amputation, requested that an older-looking, but unknown to her, more junior surgeon should do the work.

Awards
 Gold medal in forensic medicine at the MB examination 1873

Recreation
Golding-Bird was a collector of clocks, of which he had a great many at Meopham.  He enjoyed disassembling and reassembling them.  He was interested in local archaeology and wrote two books on the history of Meopham, the village where he retired, one of which is still in print.  He also wrote a history of the United Hospitals Club.  He was also a good photographer and keen gardener.

Selected publications

 "Mechanical treatment of croupous membrane after tracheotomy—trachea dilator", The Retrospect of Medicine, vol. 85, pp. 187–190, 1882.
 An Account of the United Hospitals' Club form its Foundation, Feb, 14th, 1828, to its Diamond Jubilee, Feb. 13th, 1903, Ash, 1904, .
 The Story of Old Meopham, London: Williams & Norgate, 1934  (first published 1918).
 History of Meopham, Fonthill Media, 2012  (first published 1934).

Notes

References

Bibliography
 Bramer, Dawn, "Meopham residents of renown", Meopham Parish Council, accessed and archived 2 December 2018.
 Clegg, W. T., Tracheotomy in an infant four days old", British Medical Journal, vol. 1, pp. 68–69, January 1892.
 O'Connor, W. J., Founders of British Physiology, Manchester University Press, 1988 .
 Treves, Frederick, A Manual of Surgery, vol. 2, New York: Cassell, 1886.
 "Bird, Golding (1814–1854) and Bird, Cuthbert Hilton Golding- (1848–1939)", AIM25, accessed and archived 2 December 2018.
 "Obituary: C. H. Golding-Bird, MB, FRCS", British Medical Journal, vol. 1, no. 4080, pp. 590–591, 18 March 1939.
 "The Royal School for Deaf Children", History of Place, accessed and archived 2 December 2018.
 "Golding-Bird, Cuthbert Hilton (1848–1939)", Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online, Royal College of Surgeons, 7 March 2008, accessed and archived  26 April 2018.
 "Mr. C. H. Golding-Bird: late consulting surgeon to Guy's Hospital", The Times, p. 16, 7 March 1939.

1848 births
1939 deaths
19th-century surgeons
20th-century surgeons
English surgeons
Alumni of King's College London
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
People from Pentonville
People from Meopham


Joël Robuchon is a French gourmet restaurant opened by French chef and restaurateur Joël Robuchon. The restaurant, located at the MGM Grand Las Vegas in Las Vegas, Nevada, was rated 3 stars in 2009 by the Michelin Guide,  5-stars by  Forbes Travel Guide, and has been ranked by Wine Spectator and Travel and Leisure to be among the finest restaurants in the world. It was ranked as one of the Top 5 best restaurants in the United States by Gourmet magazine in 2011.

Cuisine
The French cuisine is offered either as a prix fixe or an a la carte menu.  There are 12 tables in the main dining room.

Awards and accolades
5 Stars, 2023 Forbes Travel Guide
5 Diamonds, 2006-2022 AAA Restaurant Ratings
3 Stars, 2008 and 2009 Michelin Guide
2006, Top 5 Best Restaurants in the United States, Gourmet magazine
2007, Travel and Leisure "Best New Restaurant in the World"
2007, French Restaurant, Best Chef in Las Vegas, Life Epicurean Awards
2009, Wine Spectator "Grand Award"
2009,  The Laurent Perrier 2009 Lifetime Achievement Award at The S.Pellegrino World's 50 Best Restaurants

See also
 L%27Atelier de Joël Robuchon
 List of restaurants in the Las Vegas Valley
 List of Michelin 3-star restaurants in the United States

Notes

References

External links

 Robuchon Las Vegas  dininginfrance.com

Restaurants in the Las Vegas Valley
French restaurants in Nevada
Restaurants established in 2006
MGM Grand Las Vegas
2006 establishments in the United States


The Miami Film Festival (formerly Miami International Film Festival) is an annual film festival in Miami, Florida, that showcases independent American and international films with a special focus on Ibero-American films. The competitive film festival draws international and local attention, with films being showcased in several venues across the city center and includes features, documentaries, short films, and retrospectives. The programming is selected so as to include: premiers for both established film-makers and up-and-commers, socially relevant films, multidisciplinary and experimental films, and films showcasing international musicians. The stated mission of the Miami Film Festival is to bridge cultural understanding and encourage artistic development.

History
The Miami Film Festival debuted in February 1984, under the auspices of the Film Society of Miami. It was founded by Nat Chediak and Steven Bowles and directed by Mr. Chediak for its first eighteen years, becoming the City's premier international cultural event. When the City of Miami went bankrupt, control of the festival was assumed by Florida International University in 1999. Dismayed by FIU's stewardship following the event's loss of independence, Chediak left the festival in 2001. Miami-Dade College took over in late 2003 after Florida International University lost $20 million in state funding and incurred an $800,000 deficit.

Since 2006, the beginning of the ten-day festival has shifted to early March. The Festival has now grown to become a comprehensive global festival with an annual attendance of over 70,000. The Festival is held for 10 consecutive days, opening annually on the first Friday of March. In 2014, the festival introduced MIFFecito, a fall presentation. The following year, the festival rebranded it to GEMS Film Festival, a 4-day event held in October to present "the jewels of the fall season."

Jaie Laplante became director of programming in 2011.

References

External links
 Miami Film Festival Website
 Miami Film Festival Facebook
 Miami Film Festival Instagram
 Miami Film Festival Twitter

Film festivals in Florida
1983 establishments in Florida
Film festivals established in 1983
Festivals in Miami


James Callaghan (1912–2005) served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979.

James or Jim Callaghan may also refer to:

Other politicians
James Callaghan (New Jersey politician) (1914–1972), Newark councilman
Jim Callaghan (Lancashire politician) (1927–2018), MP for Heywood and Middleton

Others
Jimmy Callaghan (horse racing) (c. 1902–1979), performing name of the Australian Aboriginal horse racer
James Callaghan, Scottish football referee in the 1968–69 Scottish Cup
Jimmy Callaghan, British trucker in Eddie Stobart: Trucks & Trailers

See also
James Callahan (disambiguation)
Callaghan (disambiguation)


Spinningdale () is a hamlet, in the Parish of Creich, on the north shore of the Dornoch Firth in eastern Sutherland, in the Highlands of Scotland. It lies  northeast of Bonar Bridge and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

"Dale" is possibly from the Old Norse Dalr, meaning 'valley' but more probably from 'Dail' a Gaelic word for meadow or field and commonly found in placenames all over Scotland.  It was referred to as "Spanigidill" in 1464, the pronunciation of which bears a close resemblance to modern Gaelic.

The A949 road, the old A9 before the 1991 opening of the Dornoch Firth Bridge, passes through Spinningdale.

Notable residents
 James Robertson Justice, British actor, lived in a cottage in Spinningdale for sixteen years from 1954 to 1970.

References

Populated places in Sutherland


Philip H. Rhinelander (January 1, 1908 – March 24, 1987), was an American philosopher, professor, and former dean of the Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences.

Biography
Rhinelander was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on January 1, 1908. He was educated at Harvard, where he obtained the A.B. summa cum laude in Classics and Philosophy in 1929, studying with the philosopher Alfred North Whitehead. Rhinelander then entered the Harvard Law School, attaining the LLB in 1932. The same year, he married his wife of 55 years, Virginia, after which he practiced law for eight years, doing appellate trial work at the Boston law firm of Choate, Hall & Stewart. At the outbreak of World War II, he was called to active duty in the U.S. Naval Reserves where he served on active duty from 1941 to 1945 eventually reaching the rank of Lt. Commander. His experiences during the war had a profound impact that shaped his later teaching interests in philosophy and the humanities, Philosophy of Law, and, in particular, its application in the field of Ethics. After the war, he returned to Harvard to work toward a Ph.D. in philosophy.

In 1949, Rhinelander earned his Ph.D. at Harvard; and he was retained at that institution as a faculty member teaching philosophy and general education. His course, The Problems of Good and Evil, soon became a favorite with his students. In 1952, Harvard made Rhinelander the Director of General Education, and, also, the Chairman of the Committee on General Education.

In 1956, he went to Stanford University to assume the position of dean of  School of Humanities and Sciences and as a professor of philosophy and humanities. Rhinelander's deanship coincided with one of the most important periods of the expansion of the Stanford faculty. Additionally, due to the impact of the Vietnam War, this period was also a turbulent time for students and faculty alike. In the 1960s he was active as Chairman of the Committee of Fifteen, dealing with the difficulties of the years of student protest. Always teaching in addition to his administrative duties, he offered courses in the Humanities Special Program and in the Values, Technology, Science and Society Program. This was in addition to those courses which he taught in the Philosophy Department. At various times he served on the executive committee of the Academic Council, the Committee on University Policy, the Committee on Student Affairs, the Committee Undergraduate Education, and the Inter-Fraternity Board. He was also acting director of the Hoover Institute briefly, between the directorships of Rothwell and Campbell in 1959. As Chairman of the Student Conduct Legislative Council, Rhinelander was instrumental in the efforts that strengthened Stanford University's Honor Code.

In 1961, Rhinelander resigned as dean so that he could devote his full attention to teaching. He was, during this time period, one of Stanford's most popular teachers. In 1963,  Rhinelander was recognized for his many achievements by receiving Stanford's highest honor for faculty, the Lloyd W. Dinkelspiel Award for distinguished service to undergraduate education. In 1972, he was named Olive H. Palmer Professor Emeritus of Humanities.

In 1974, Rhinelander published the well received book, Is Man Incomprehensible to Man?, in which he covered contemporary philosophical concepts with consummate skill and clarity. This book, although no longer well known, is still relevant in the modern philosophical arena, and serves as an excellent introduction for those interested in the intersection of philosophy and the humanities.

One of Rhinelander's former students, retired Vice Admiral James Stockdale, who was a prisoner of war in Vietnam, credited Rhinelander's courses, Problems of Good and Evil and Moral Dilemmas of War and Peace with enabling him to survive eight years of captivity.

On March 24, 1987,  Rhinelander died at the age of 79. At the time of his death, he was survived by his wife Virginia; two brothers, Federic and Laurens; a son, Philip M. Rhinelander; three daughters, Helen R. Thompson, Jane R. Todd, and Virginia R. Edelen; and thirteen grandchildren.

See also
 American philosophy
 List of American philosophers

References
 Obituary of Philip H. Rhinelander, New York Times, March 25, 1987.
 Rhinelander, Philip H., Is Man Incomprehensible to Man?, W.H. Freeman & Company, 1974.
 Nivison, David S; Goheen, John D.; Suppes, Patrick; Memorial Resolution: Philip H. Rhinelander (1908-1987), Stanford University, 1987.

1908 births
1987 deaths
Stanford University Department of Philosophy faculty
Harvard University Department of Philosophy faculty
Harvard University faculty
Harvard Law School alumni
Harvard College alumni