BattleBlock Theater is a comedic platform game developed by The Behemoth and published by Microsoft Studios for Xbox 360, Windows, Mac, and Linux. It is the third title from The Behemoth following Alien Hominid and Castle Crashers. The game was released on Xbox Live Arcade on April 3, 2013, and later temporarily made free via Games with Gold on July 16, 2014.

Gameplay
In BattleBlock Theater, players control a prisoner as they are forced to play through deadly puzzle levels. Controls are simple, with the game largely consisting of running, jumping and punching. Levels are made up of various types of blocks, such as collapsing blocks, sticky walls, bouncy volcanic rocks and deadly spikes, and also feature hazards such as water and deadly creatures.

The main mode in the game is Story Mode, which can be played solo or cooperatively with a second player. This mode can be played either in normal mode (with checkpoints) or insane mode (no checkpoints, meaning if the player dies, they have to restart the level). During cooperative play, players are able to work together to overcome obstacles, which includes throwing them across gaps, using their heads as platforms and helping each other get up ledges, although there is just as much opportunity of partner sabotage. Story mode consists of various worlds each with a set of levels. In order to progress to the next world, players need to collect gems (which can also be used to unlock new customizable parts) and complete a 'Finale' timed boss level. Players can also collect balls of yarn which they can use to bribe cat guards and unlock new weapons, from hand grenades to vacuum cleaners. Collecting all gems and the yarn in a fast time will get the player an A++ grade for the level, which yields two extra gems.

In some levels, players can also have a chance to get a golden hat, which pops up in a random location at a random time, and are each worth ten extra gems. However, when the player dies, the golden hat they are carrying will stay at the point they had died (or be destroyed, depending on where it lands) until the player picks it up again.

Arena mode is a competitive mode for up to four players, which is played in teams of 2. There are several match types including:
 Soul Snatcher: Steal an enemy soul and run away. Capture and hold the enemy's souls to gain points.  Kill or step on a carrier to release their souls to roam the level.
 Muckle: Beat and kill the enemy team to earn the players' team points.
 Challenge: Score the best time on a given level.
 King of the Hill: Stand on the crown blocks to gain the player's team points.
 Color the World: Color more blocks than the other team.
 Grab the Gold: Grab more gold from the golden whale than the other team and deposit it in the flying safe to score points for the player's team.
 Ball Game: Get the ball in the basket.
 Capture the Horse: Ride the opposing team's horse to the team's stables to gain points for the player's team.

Along with a Time Attack mode, the game also features a Level Editor, which allows players to create their own stages for any game type. These levels can be assembled into a playlist, consisting of various Adventure and Arena levels, and uploaded to the community for others to download. There is also additional content unlocked for players who also own Castle Crashers and Alien Hominid HD.

Plot

The game begins with the narrator (voiced by Will Stamper) telling the adventures of the hundreds of friends aboard the S.S. Friendship, as well as Hatty Hattington, who is known as "best friend to one and all". After encountering a heavy storm, the S.S. Friendship becomes shipwrecked on a mysterious, seemingly abandoned island, whereupon most of the friends go missing. Upon waking up from the wreck, the player character seeks shelter from the storm in a dilapidated theater.

Upon coming to, it is revealed that the entire crew of the S.S. Friendship is being held prisoner by cats, with Hatty, wearing a glowing top hat, as their apparent new leader. The player is then released from their cell and forced into deadly games by the feline wardens. As the player completes challenges, they find gems which are spent on unlocking fellow crew members to play as in these theater performances. Appearing to be possessed by the hat's unknown powers, Hatty begins working for the cats and against the player.

As the player progresses, the narrator reveals more about the theater. Hundreds of years before the player shipwrecked on the island, Purrham Furbottom, a theatrical aficionado, sought to build the world's greatest theater. The opening night saw the most jaw-dropping feats and thrills the likes of which were never seen before, making the theater an overnight success. However, Furbottom did not allow intermissions in the theater, and after an untold amount of time watching the show, he died after "pooping himself to death on the way to the bathroom." Since then, his top hat has been passed down to various others, who were each revered by the cats as their leader, and who each met with grim fates of their own. The hat, the narrator theorizes, is haunted by the grief and sorrow of each of its past wearers, and Hatty is its current victim, having sunk into a depression while being surrounded by the many gems the player has accrued, without doing anything to help the state of the theater.

Eventually, the cats grow tired of Hatty's inaction, and begin rioting, striking, and more, while the player's challenges grow increasingly difficult. As the theater deteriorates further, the narrator provides encouragement to the player and continues to shed light on the cats' mental state, which grows more unstable as time progresses. The narrator also instructs the player to enter The Vault, which houses Hatty and all the gems the player has spent, before the cats kill Hatty and the rest of the crew, starting the madness over again.

After completing the final set of challenges inside the Vault, the player breaks into Hatty's throne room. Hatty does not budge, so the player carries him out of the crumbling theater as the crew of the S.S. Friendship orchestrates a mass breakout. Everyone manages to make it back to the boat amidst the chaos, escaping the island and the cats that reside there. The cats try to foil your escape, but are shot by the others with guns. As the player celebrates with hot cocoa on the ship, he tries to cheer up Hatty, who the narrator says that he would not move, blink, respond to hugs, or talk. He also asks "Where has he gone to? Where?", referring back to Hatty's death during the riot at The Vault. The narrator sings a sad song as the credits roll, before quickly recovering and singing a nonsensical, upbeat song, rocking the boat and flinging Hatty into the sea, where he sinks to the bottom. The hat lands on his head and begins glowing green as opposed to its usual red, and shoots a beam skyward, where it sends the boat flying and continues into space, where it vaporizes Alien Hominid from the game of the same name and a bear that appeared during the narrator's upbeat song, foreshadowing the events of Pit People. The narrator claims to understand what just happened but does not explain, sending the game back to the title screen.

Development
John Baez has said that BattleBlock Theater was inspired by Alien Hominid's PDA games. It took 5 years to develop. The company originally revealed an early playable version of the game, originally code-named Game #3, at the Tokyo International Anime Festival on March 16, 2009 with a trailer of gameplay footage. The game was released for Xbox Live Arcade and Steam. The game features user-generated music from the Newgrounds community and narration by Newgrounds contributor Will Stamper.

Reception

BattleBlock Theater received "favorable" reviews on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. GamesRadar+ praised the XBLA version's varied stages and extensive multiplayer modes. Destructoid called the same console version "a hallmark of excellence". Eurogamer called it "a masterclass in pure game design." IGN praised the same console verson's inventive level design, but criticised the platforming gameplay in comparison to other titles like Super Meat Boy and Braid.

Metro gave the XBLA version nine out of ten and called it "The Behemoth's best game yet and a hilarious mix of co-op platforming and absurdly entertaining multiplayer madness." GameZone also gave it nine out of ten and said, "If you want to have some mindless fun while an eccentric voice does its best to criticize you for your failures, BattleBlock Theater is ready to fulfill those needs." National Post gave it 8.5 out of 10 and said, "Playing an $18 game like BattleBlock Theater leaves a fellow feeling like he's been hosed on nearly every $60 game he's ever bought." 411Mania gave it 8.4 out of 10 and said, "If you’ve liked previous Behemoth games, Battleblock Theater [sic] will be right up your alley. The charm of past titles is there and the platforming is a solid experience. The game is definitely worth a look if you own a[n] Xbox 360." The Digital Fix gave it eight out of ten and said, "Games have been around long enough to poke fun at themselves and their cinematic predecessors, and while other titles like Viewtiful Joe and Saints Row: The Third have both got their fair share of jollies from doing this, it's arguable that no game until now as done so with such vigour as BattleBlock Theater." The Escapist similarly gave it four stars out of five and called it "A refreshingly upbeat platformer that puts silliness and fun above all else. The gameplay is easy to grasp for platforming veterans, while the massive amount of content and alternate game modes ensure you'll be entertained for hours. You also may never look at your cat quite the same way again." Slant Magazine gave the PC version four stars out of five, saying, "With so many amusing ways to live and die, the question in this theater isn't 'To be or not to be?' but 'How much longer can I play for?'" However, Digital Spy gave the XBLA version three stars out of five, saying, "There's some good fun to be had with BattleBlock Theater and it's a mostly charming title. But its fair share of problems hold it back from being an unequivocally entertaining, must-have game."

References

External links

 BattleBlock Theater Official Page

2013 video games
Cooperative video games
Indie games
Linux games
MacOS games
Microsoft games
Multiplayer online games
Platformers
Video games about cats
Video games about death games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in prison
Video games with user-generated gameplay content
Windows games
Xbox 360 Live Arcade games
Video games with Steam Workshop support
Multiplayer and single-player video games
The Behemoth games


A partial lunar eclipse will take place on Saturday, June 15, 2030.

Visibility

Related lunar eclipses

Lunar year series

Tritos series
 Preceded: Lunar eclipse of July 16, 2019

 Followed: Lunar eclipse of May 16, 2041

Tzolkinex
 Preceded: Lunar eclipse of May 5, 2023

 Followed: Lunar eclipse of July 27, 2037

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of Solar Saros 147.

See also
List of lunar eclipses and List of 21st-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

2030-06
2030-06
2030 in science


Subramania Nagar is a residential area within Madipakkam, a southern suburb of Chennai (formerly known as Madras), in Tamil Nadu, India.

Subramania Nagar is one oldest parts of Madipakkam. As early as 1975 people started settling down in this area. Before the settlements it used to be an area under agriculture.

Subramania Nagar Welfare Association indulge in social welfare activities for the whole nagar. 15 August, Independence Day is celebrated every year at Subramania Nagar First Street.

Bus Stop: Madipakkam Koot Road

Train Station: St. Thomas Mount

MRTS Station: Velachery

External links
 http://www.madipakkam.com/

Neighbourhoods in Chennai


A penumbral lunar eclipse will take place on Monday, December 9, 2030.

Related lunar eclipses

Lunar year series

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of Solar Saros 152.

See also
List of lunar eclipses and List of 21st-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

2030-12
2030-12
2030 in science


Rockstone is a village on the right bank of the Essequibo River in the Upper Demerara-Berbice Region of Guyana, altitude 6 metres (22 feet). Rockstone is approximately 26 km west of Linden and is linked by road.

The village demographics are mostly Amerindian, but there are also Afro-Guyanese. The population has dwindled as residents seek employment opportunities elsewhere. The town governance is done by a Community Development Council (CDC) and a Community Council that formed in 2012 (also called a village council). The community council seeks to have the village registered and recognized as an Amerindian village, but that has created some conflict as the CDC and village councils have separate aims and property rules.

In 1897, a metre gauge industrial railway was built between Rockstone and Wismar (nowadays called Linden). The Essequibo River was hard to navigate, but the Demerara River was suitable for ocean-going ships. The railway line gave access to the gold fields, balatá and hardwood plantations for the region around Rockstone. In the 1940s the railway was closed.

Various economic initiatives have been made to encourage growth in Rockstone, but with very little success. Farming and fishing are major economic activities. The town hosts the Rockstone fish festival annually since 2006.

Public Services
The village has a primary and a nursery school which, together, accommodate over sixty children. There is also a health center.

References

Populated places in Upper Demerara-Berbice


A penumbral lunar eclipse will take place on Thursday, June 5, 2031.

Related lunar eclipses

Lunar year series

Saros series

This is the first lunar eclipse of Saros series 150. The next occurrence will also be a penumbral eclipse on June 15, 2049.

Partial eclipses in series 150 will occur between 2157 Aug 20 and past the year 3000. Total eclipses will occur between 2572 Apr 29 - 2770 Aug 28.

See also
List of lunar eclipses and List of 21st-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

2031-06
2031-06
2031 in science


Misled may refer to:
 "Misled" (Celine Dion song)
 "Misled" (Kool & the Gang song)


Bow Street F.C. are based at Rhydypennau near Bow Street in Ceredigion, Wales, about  north-east of Aberystwyth, and are currently playing in the Ardal Leagues North East. The team are nicknamed the Magpies (), from the time when their strip was black and white stripes.

Honours

Aberystwyth Football League Division One
1992–93, 1994–95, 1995–96, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2006–07
League Cup
1985–86, 1988–89, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1994–95
J.Emrys Morgan Cup
1982–83, 1999–00, 2005–06
Mid Wales League Cup – Winners: 2017–18
Ardal North Cup – Runners–Up: 2022–23

Current squad
Oliver Farebrother

Jac Williams

Lee Crumpler

Kaine Shephard

Tomos Wyn Roberts

Llyr Hughes

John James

Osian Rees-Jones

Dylan Benjamin

Garmon Nutting

Callum Ferreira

Ryan Evans

Ben Jones

Llion Jenkins

Joe Williams

Llyr Davies

Steffan Richards

Joshua Crowl

Shaun Ewart

Committee

 Secretary:  Peter James
 Treasurer:  Stephen Harrison

External links
Official Website

Football clubs in Wales
Mid Wales Football League clubs
Sport in Ceredigion
Ardal Leagues clubs
Aberystwyth League clubs


Miniature cattle are found in various parts of the world. Some, such as the Dexter of Ireland and the Vechur of Kerala, India, are traditional breeds; others have been created by selective breeding. The Australian Lowline was the unexpected result of a scientific experiment. Some, but not all, miniature breeds display achondroplasia, or dwarfism.

Compared to larger cattle, miniature cattle require less space and less feed, and may be easier to handle. They do less damage to pasture land, do not need such high or strong fencing, and do not produce as much methane.

Breeds

An American breeder, Richard Gradwohl, has developed eighteen different strains of miniature cattle. Miniature Galloway, Hereford and Holstein have been bred. In the United States, small zebuine cattle deriving from stock imported from Brazil, the Dominican Republic and Sweden may be registered as "Miniature Zebu";Similar cattle are known as "Nadudana" in Australia. In the United States, Jersey cattle of the original island type may be known as "Miniature Jersey"; Jersey cows stand about  and weigh some .

The Ethiopian Goffa and Guraghe breeds in the Abyssinian Shorthorned Zebu group are also small.

References

Cattle


Playing for Time is a 1980 CBS television film, written by Arthur Miller and based on acclaimed musician Fania Fénelon's autobiography The Musicians of Auschwitz. Vanessa Redgrave stars as Fénelon.

Playing for Time was based on Fénelon's experience as a female prisoner in the Auschwitz concentration camp, where she and a group of classical musicians were spared in return for performing music for their captors. The film was later adapted as a play by Miller.

This was the last film of director Daniel Mann. Parts of the film were directed by Joseph Sargent, but only Mann was credited as director.

Plot
Fania Fénelon, a French Jewish singer-pianist, is sent with other prisoners to the Auschwitz concentration camp in a crowded train during World War II. After having their belongings and clothes taken and their heads shaved, the prisoners are processed and enter the camp. Fénelon is recognized as being a famous musician and she finds that she will be able to avoid hard manual labor and survive longer by becoming a member of the prison's female orchestra, the Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz.

In the process, she strikes up a close relationship with Alma Rosé, the musical group's leader, as well as the other members of the band. Realizing that the musicians get better treatment than other prisoners, Fania convinces the guards and members of the orchestra that another prisoner she had befriended, Marianne, is actually a talented singer. Although Marianne performs poorly at her audition, she is allowed to join the orchestra. Playing for the Nazis, however, robs the women of much of their dignity and most of them are often questioning whether remaining alive was worth the abuse they constantly suffer.

Cast

 Vanessa Redgrave as Fania Fénelon
 Jane Alexander as Alma Rosé
 Maud Adams as Mala Zimetbaum
 Christine Baranski as Olga
 Robin Bartlett as Etalina
 Marisa Berenson as Elzvieta
 Verna Bloom as Paulette
 Donna Haley as Katrina
 Lenore Harris as Charlotte
 Mady Kaplan as Varya
 Will Lee as Shmuel
 Anna Levine as Michou
 Shirley Knight as SS-Lagerführerin Maria Mandel
 Viveca Lindfors as Frau Schmidt
 Max Wright as SS Doctor Joseph Mengele
 Melanie Mayron as Marianne
 Marcell Rosenblatt as Giselle
 Martha Schlamme as woman on train
 Eoin Stewart as British Radio Operator
 Ron Lamb as British Soldier
 Maurice Whitlock as SS Guard

Production
The cast rehearsed together in New York City and subsequently filmed in Pennsylvania on a six-week shooting schedule. During the half-way stage of shooting the producers decided to replace Joseph Sargent with Daniel Mann as director.

It is also notable as one of the first film productions where an ensemble of actresses shaved their heads for the sake of their roles.

Casting controversy
The producer Linda Yellen was determined to cast Redgrave in the lead role at a time when the actress was facing protests from Jewish organizations for her criticism of Zionism and her pro-Palestinian position. Subsequently, security was required at rehearsals and Yellen's office was broken into. There were further complications when Fénelon herself appeared on CBS's 60 Minutes arguing against Redgrave's casting and suggested Jane Fonda or Liza Minnelli as a replacement. During the production Fénelon continued to criticize Redgrave's politics on her speaking tours across the USA. Actresses on the project had also been contacted with the view of making a statement against Redgrave's casting. They refused and instead released a press release denouncing blacklisting and expressed their desire to work with Redgrave.

As a result of Redgrave's political views, the film was initially banned in Israel, although she appealed to Jordan's culture minister to buy the rights to the film to show on Jordanian television. She wished that both Arabs and Israelis should have the opportunity to see the film.

Reception
Playing for Time was praised by critics and garnered several awards and nominations;   It was the most viewed prime time program on United States television for the week of its release in 1980, with a rating of 26.2, watched in 20.4 million homes.

Awards and nominations

DVD release
After its television broadcast, the film was released on VHS, and later on DVD in the United States in 2010.

Historical controversy
Playing for Time the movie, and the memoir upon which it is based, have assumed an important place in Holocaust scholarship. Since its publication and tremendous commercial success, Fénelon's testimony has been accepted as truth and widely dispersed in a plethora of academic, popular, and musical resources. This has proved a source of great frustration and heartache for the other survivors of the orchestra, who almost unanimously found Fania's representation of their orchestra and its personnel false and demeaning. They have fought a fierce battle in the decades since Playing for Time appeared to have their version of the orchestra and its history represented.

Some attention has been paid to their concerns, but in large part they have been ignored. The greatest sources of anguish are the supposed inaccurate portrayal of Alma Rosé, the alleged slanderous portrayals of many of the other musicians, and the portrayed diminishment by Fénelon of their bond and support for one another.

References

External links

Playing for Time at Yahoo! Movies
Playing for Time at Film.com
Playing for Time - main symbols

1980 television films
1980 films
1980 drama films
Biographical films about Jewish people
Holocaust films
American war drama films
Musical films based on actual events
Films based on biographies
Films set in Poland
Films shot in Pennsylvania
Peabody Award-winning broadcasts
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Made for Television Movie winners
Films directed by Daniel Mann
Films scored by Brad Fiedel
Cultural depictions of Josef Mengele
American drama television films
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
Casting controversies in film
Political controversies in film


Hugh Dunn was a Scottish footballer. His year of birth is uncertain, being given as 1878 in some sources and 1875 in others. He played at right-back for Johnstone, Preston North End, Bristol Rovers, and Burslem Port Vale. Whilst with Bristol Rovers, he won the Southern Football League championship in 1904–05.

Career
Dunn played for local club Johnstone, before moving south of the border to play for Preston North End. He joined Bristol Rovers in 1901, as the club posted a ninth-place finish in the Southern League in 1901–02. The "Pirates" then finished fifth in 1902–03 and third in 1903–04, before winning the league title in 1904–05 after finishing five points clear of runners-up Reading. The "Gas" then dropped down to eighth place in 1905–06. In his five seasons at the Eastville Stadium, Dunn played 155 matches, scoring one goal. He signed with Burslem Port Vale of the Football League Second Division in August 1906. He played 27 league and four FA Cup games, before losing his first team spot in March 1907. He was not given a chance to win it back however, as the Vale went into liquidation at the end of the 1906–07 season.

Career statistics
Source:

Honours
Bristol Rovers
Southern Football League: 1904–05

References

1870s births
1947 deaths
Footballers from Johnstone
Scottish men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Johnstone F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Southern Football League players
English Football League players


Yellowstone is a BBC nature documentary series broadcast from 15 March 2009. Narrated by Peter Firth, the series takes a look at a year in the life of Yellowstone National Park, examining how its wildlife adapts to living in one of the harshest wildernesses on Earth. Yellowstone debuted on BBC Two at 8:00pm on Sunday 15 March 2009 and has three episodes. Each 50-minute episode was followed by a ten-minute film called Yellowstone People, featuring visitors to the Park and locals who had assisted the production team. The series was the channel's highest-rated natural history documentary in over five years with audiences peaking at over four million.

In the United States, an edited version of the series was broadcast under the title Yellowstone: Battle for Life. It aired as a two-hour TV special, and premiered on Animal Planet on 22 March 2009.

The series was one of the most popular titles at BBC Worldwide's annual market for international clients with pre-sales to nine territories including Spain (Canal+), Germany (WDR), Russia (Channel 1) and Italy (RTI).

Production
Yellowstone was commissioned by Roly Keating, then Controller of BBC Two, as a follow-up to the award-winning series Galápagos which aired in autumn 2006. Filming began in January 2007 and continued through the following four seasons. Filming techniques previously used for both Galapagos and Planet Earth were again put to good use, including shooting with high definition cameras and high-speed shooting to slow down fast action sequences. Stabilised camera mounts also enabled the team to capture natural animal behaviour from the air, as well as dramatic, wide angle landscape shots. Aerial cinematography was provided by Aerial Camera Systems.

Yellowstone was produced by the BBC Natural History Unit and Animal Planet. The executive producer was Mike Gunton and the series producer Andrew Murray. The British version was narrated by Peter Firth.

Episodes

Reception
The Daily Telegraph's David Horspool described the series as "amazingly shot" and a "work of art". Andrew Billen in The Times gave it five out of five, and TV Scoop described it as "majestic yet understated and consistently surprising".

Awards
At the 2009 Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival, Yellowstone gained the Best Series Award, and "Winter" gained the Best Wildlife Habitat Program award. It was also a finalist in the Best Cinematography category.
At the 2009 International Wildlife Film Festival Awards, the series won the Best Cinematography and Best Ecosystem awards, and gained Merit Awards for Editing and Sound Design. Edmund Butt also won the Music – Original Title award at the 2009 Royal Television Society Craft and Design Awards. The series was nominated for the 2010 BAFTA Television Award for Best Specialist Factual. and won a craft BAFTA for Photography Factual in the same year.

References

External links

Animal Planet original programming
BBC television documentaries
BBC high definition shows
Documentary films about nature
Yellowstone National Park
2009 British television series debuts
2009 British television series endings


The Tienen Formation (; ; abbreviation: Ti) is a geologic formation in the subsurface of northern Belgium. The formation crops out in the province of Hainaut and the Hesbaye region in the province of Limburg. It has a late Thanetian (Paleocene) to early Ypresian (Eocene) age.

The Tienen Formation consists of clay with thin lignite layers and lithified wood, sand (sometimes with shells) and marl. It has a continental to lagoonal sedimentary facies. The formation is a lagerstätte for fossils of vertebrate animals.

The Tienen Formation forms together with the older marine clays and sands of the Hannut Formation the Landen Group. The Tienen Formation is subdivided into four members: the Erquelines Member, the Knokke Member, the Loksbergen Member and the Dormaal Member. Stratigraphically the formation is positioned in between the older Hannut Formation and the younger Kortrijk Formation (Ieper Group).

References
  (eds.); 2001: Paleogene and Neogene lithostratigraphic units (Belgium), Geologica Belgica 4(1-2), p. 135-152

Geologic formations of Belgium
Paleocene Series of Europe
Eocene Series of Europe
Paleogene Belgium


Spallanzani is a crater on Mars, located in the Hellas quadrangle at 58.0° south latitude and 86.4° east longitude. It measures  in diameter, and was named after Italian biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799). The name was adopted by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature in 1973.

Description

Pictures from orbiting spacecraft have shown many layers on the floor of the crater.

Many places on Mars show rocks arranged in layers. Rock can form layers in a variety of ways. Volcanoes, wind, or water can produce layers.

Many craters once contained lakes. Because some crater floors show deltas, water had to be present for some time. Dozens of deltas have been spotted on Mars. Deltas form when sediment is washed in from a stream entering a quiet body of water. Primitive organisms may have developed in such lakes; hence, some craters may be prime targets for the search for evidence of life on Mars.

See also
 List of craters on Mars

References

Hellas quadrangle
Impact craters on Mars


Hello Goodbye is a Dutch airport reality television show produced by the Dutch broadcaster NCRV for Nederland 1 and hosted by Joris Linssen. The format has been picked up and remade in other countries.

Format
The show involves the presenter, roaming around the airport (Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in the Dutch series, London Heathrow Airport in the British series and Toronto Pearson International Airport in the Canadian series) with a camera man asking members of the public in departures and arrivals who they are saying goodbye to at the airport, or welcoming home. The presenter looks for unusual stories and the show is edited with inspirational music in dramatic points of the show, usually when people say their goodbyes or meet who they have been waiting for.

International versions
A British version of the show was commissioned for six episodes broadcast over six weeks.

References

Dutch reality television series
Aviation television series
NPO 1 original programming


Psychological research refers to research that psychologists conduct for systematic study and for analysis of  the experiences and behaviors of individuals or groups. Their research can have educational, occupational  and clinical applications.

History
Wilhelm Wundt is credited as one of the founders of psychology. He created the first laboratory for psychological research.

Philosophical foundations

Ethical considerations

Psychological research risks harming the subjects of the research. In order to prevent that harm, proposed studies are usually approved by an Institutional review board  to ensure that the risks to the research subjects are justified by the anticipated benefits IRBs also verify that Informed Consent has been obtained. This involves documenting that the subject (or legally authorized representative) agrees to being a subject after having been informed of what the research is about, risks and benefits to the subject, that the subject may discontinue participation at any time, and how personally identifiable information will be handled.

Some research, such as the Milgram experiment, have raised questions about the research ethics and resulted in the revision of the ethical standards of psychological research.

Methodology

Psychologists use many research methods, and categorical distinctions of these methods have emerged. Methods can be categorized by the kind of data they produce: qualitative or quantitative—and both these are used for pure or applied research.

Psychology tends to be eclectic, applying knowledge from other fields. Some of its methods are used within other areas of research, especially in the social and behavioural sciences.

Experimental methods

The field of psychology commonly uses experimental methods in what is known as experimental psychology. Researchers design experiments to test specific hypotheses (the deductive approach), or to evaluate functional relationships (the inductive approach).

The method of experimentation involves an experimenter changing some influence—the independent variable(IV)— on the research subjects, and studying the effects it produces on an expected aspect—the dependent variable (DV)— of the subjects behaviour or experience. Other variables researchers consider in experimentation are known as the extraneous variables, and are either controllable or confounding (more than one variable at play).

Confounding variables are external variables that are not taken into account when conducting an experiment. Because they are not controlled for, they can skew experiments results and provide a false or unreliable conclusion. For example, the psychologist Seymour Feshbach conducted an experiment to see how violence on television (the independent variable), affected aggression in adolescent boys (the dependent variable). He published his results in a paper called Television and Aggression in 1971. The paper showed that, in some cases, the lack of violence on television made the boys more aggressive. This was due to a confounding variable, which in this case was frustration. This means that extraneous variables are important to consider when designing experiments, and many methods have emerged to scientifically control them. For this reason, many experiments in psychology are conducted in laboratory conditions where they can be more strictly regulated.

Alternatively, some experiments are less controlled. Quasi-experiment's are those that a researcher sets up in a controlled environment, but does not control the independent variable. For example, Michael R. Cunningham used a quasi-experiment to "...measure the physical in physical attractiveness." On the other hand, in field experiments the experimenter controls an independent variable (making it the control variable), but does not control the environment where the experiment takes place. Experimenters sometimes apply fewer controls, as a way to lessen potential biases. In a true experiment, participants are randomly chosen to remove the chance of experimenter's bias.

Observational methods

Observational research, (a type of non-experimental, correlational research), involves the researcher observing the ongoing behavior of their subjects. There are multiple methods of observational research such as participant observations, non-participant observations and naturalistic observations.

Participant observations are methods that involve a researcher joining the particular social group they are studying. For example, the social psychologist, Leon Festinger and his associates, joined a group called The Seekers in order to observe them. The Seekers believed they were in touch with aliens, and that the aliens had told them the world was about to end. When the foretasted event did not happen, Festinger and his associates observed how the attitudes of the group members changed. They published their results in a 1956 book called When Prophecy Fails. David Rosenhan in 1973 published a journal that involved research by participant observations. see: on being sane in insane places.

The other method of observational research is non-participant observation. In particular  naturalistic methods are methods that simply study behaviours that occur naturally in natural environments—with no manipulation by the observer. The events studied must be natural and not staged. This fact gives naturalistic observational research a high ecological validity. During naturalistic observations, researchers can avoid interfering with the behavior they are observing by using unobtrusive methods, if needed.

Both types of observational methods are designed to be as reliable as possible. Reliability can be estimated using inter-observer reliability, that is, by comparing observations conducted by different researchers. Intra-observer reliability means estimating the reliability of an observation using a comparison of observations conducted by the same researcher. The reliability of conducted studies is important in any field of science.

For a statistical perspective of reliability, see also Reliability (statistics).

Descriptive methods

All scientific processes begin with a description based on observation. Theories may develop later to explain these observations or classify associated phenomena. In scientific methodology, the conceptualizing of descriptive research precedes the hypotheses of "explanatory research".

An example of a descriptive device used in psychological research is the diary, which is used to record observations. There is a history of use of diaries within clinical psychology. Examples of psychologists that used them include B.F. Skinner (1904–1990) and Virginia Axline (1911–1988). A special case of a diary in this context, that has particular importance in development psychology, is known as the baby biography, and was used by psychologists such as Jean Piaget.

Other recording methods can include video or audio. For example, forensic psychologists record custodial interrogations to aid law enforcement.

Case studies

A case study—or case report—is an intensive analysis of a person, group, or event that stresses developmental factors related to the context. Case studies may be descriptive or explanatory. Explanatory case studies explore causation to identify underlying principles. However, there is a debate to whether case studies count as a scientific research method. Clinical psychologists use case studies most often, especially to describe abnormal events and conditions, which are particularly important in clinical research. Sigmund Freud made extensive use of case studies to formulate his theory of psychoanalysis.

Famous case studies include: Anna O. and Rat Man of Freud's Genie, who is one of the most severe cases of social isolation ever recorded, and Washoe, a chimpanzee who was the first non-human that had learned to communicate using American Sign Language.

Surveys

Bradburn et al. (1979) found a tendency for survey respondents to over-report socially desirable behaviors when interviewed using less anonymous methods.

Psychometric methods

Psychometrics is a field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement. One part of the field is concerned with the objective measurement of skills and knowledge, abilities, attitudes, personality traits, and educational achievement.

Archival methods

Archival research can be defined as the study of existing data. The existing data is collected to answer research questions. Existing data sources may include statistical records, survey archives, previous history and written records.

Cross-sectional methods

Cross-sectional research is a research method often used in developmental psychology, but also utilized in many other areas including social science and education. This type of study utilizes different groups of people who differ in the variable of interest, but share other characteristics such as socioeconomic status, educational background, and ethnicity.

For example, researchers studying developmental psychology might select groups of people who are remarkably similar in most areas, but differ only in age.

Longitudinal methods

Longitudinal research is a type of research method used to discover relationships between variables that are not related to various background variables. This observational research technique involves studying the same group of individuals over an extended period of time.

Data is first collected at the outset of the study, and may then be gathered repeatedly throughout the length of the study. In some cases, longitudinal studies can last several decades.

Cohort methods

Essentially, cohort refers to people who are approximately the same age. When researchers conduct different types of studies (for example, developmental/cross sectional studies), they use cohorts to see how people of different ages compare on some topic at one point in time. For example, a researcher may compare the effects of a new study aid in three different cohorts: 10th graders, 11th graders, and 12th graders. In this way, you can examine the study aid across three different grade levels.

Cross-cultural methods

Cross-cultural psychology is a branch of psychology that looks at how cultural factors influence human behavior.

Computational methods

A discipline lying on the border between artificial intelligence and psychology. It is concerned with building computer models of human cognitive processes and is based on an analogy between the human mind and computer programs. The brain and computer are viewed as general-purpose symbol-manipulation systems, capable of supporting software processes, but no analogy is drawn at a hardware level.

Unobtrusive methods

The term unobtrusive measures was first coined by Eugene Webb, Campbell, Schwartz, and Sechrest in a 1966 book, Unobtrusive methods: Nonreactive research in the social science, in which they described methods that do not involve direct induction of data from research subjects. For example, the evidence people leave behind as they traverse their physical environment is unobtrusive. Unobtrusive methods get around biases, such as the selection bias and the experimenter's bias, that result from the researcher and his intrusion. Consequently, however, these methods reduce the researcher's control over the type of data collected.

Web and others regard these methods as an additional tools to use with the more common reactive and intrusive methods.

See also
 Experimental psychology
 List of psychological research methods
 Natural experiment
 Quantitative psychological research, Qualitative psychological research
 Scientific method, Design of experiments
 Sociological research

References

Further reading

Research


Chicka Chicka 1, 2, 3 is the title of a children's picture book written by Bill Martin, Jr. and Michael Sampson, and illustrated by Lois Ehlert in 2004 by Simon & Schuster. The book features anthropomorphized numbers.

Plot
The number 0 tries to climb up an apple tree while watching the numbers from 1 to 20 (including 5 wearing a top hat) in counting order, then 30 to 90 by tens (including 70 with long hair), and finally 99, climb it. As the numbers were climbing, 0 wondered if there would be a place for him. But as they all come before him, there is no room for him, until a group of bumblebees angrily claim the tree and order the numbers to get out of their tree. While counting backwards, the bumblebees fly around them and cause all the numbers (except 10 who was hiding) to fall out of the tree. As the number 0 now knows where he would be in the apple tree, he goes to the top of the tree and joins with 10 to make the number 100, which scares all the bees away, and the other numbers climb up the tree again to cheer for 10 and 0's bravery.

Development
The publisher, S&S, originally asked Bill Martin, Jr. to write a sequel to his book Chicka Chicka Boom Boom. But when he and co-author Michael Sampson turned the manuscript in, it was rejected.  That manuscript was published by Henry Holt as the title "Rock It, Sock It, Number Line."  Five years later, Martin and Sampson wrote a second counting book, and it became Chicka Chicka 1, 2, 3.

Reception
The book quickly became a best-seller, and is used by teachers throughout the United States to teach counting and place value to young children. There is also a complete list of numbers at the back of the book, too. The number 8 is different from the bandaged one. It does not have a bandage, like the one who fell right out of the tree and got a crack. Same with the "5" who does not have the top hat and the "70" who does not have the long hair unlike the story.

Awards
The book has won numerous awards from a variety of publications, libraries, and parenting groups, including Best Book of 2004 by Parenting Magazine.

Adaptations
Weston Woods produced an animated cartoon of the book in 2005, complete with music and song composed and performed by Crystal Taliefero.

References

External links
Michael Sampson personal website
Bill Martin, Jr. personal website

American picture books
2004 children's books
Mathematics books
Mathematics fiction books


The Rev. Prof. Allen Brent is a scholar of early Christian history and literature. He is a Fellow of St Edmund's College, Cambridge, formerly Dean (2012–2013), was an Affiliated Lecturer in the Faculty of Divinity, University of Cambridge in 1998–2010. At present he is Professor in Early Christian History and Iconography at King's College London where he is joint researcher (with Professor Markus Vinzent), on a two year BARDA project: Early Christian Epigraphy and Iconography after Dölger. He is also Professore Invitato at the Augustinianum (Lateran University), Rome. He was formerly Principal Lecturer in Philosophy at University of Huddersfield, and has previously been Professor of History at James Cook University. He was ordained a deacon for the Catholic Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham on 28 April 2011 and a priest on 15 June 2011. His webpage is http://www.allenbrent.co.uk.

He has published widely on prominent early Christian figures such as Hippolytus of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, and Cyprian. Dr. Brent currently co-edits the Studia Patristica with Markus Vinzent.

Books
The Imperial Cult and the Development of Church Order: Concepts and Images of Authority in Paganism and Early Christianity before the Age of Cyprian, Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae 45, (Leiden: Brill 1999)
Reviews:F. Caruso, Vetera Christianorum, 40.1 (2003) p. 176-177.
Review, H. Chadwick, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 52.4 (2001), p. 704.
Review, L. Holt, Church History, 71.4 (2002), p. 867-870.
Review,  J.M. Auwers, Revue histoire ecclesiastique, 97.1 (2002), p. 337-338.
Review, H.A. Drake, Journal of Early Christian Studies, 9.3 (2001), p. 403-405.
Hippolytus and the Roman Church in the Third Century: Communities in Tension before the Emergence of a Monarch-Bishop, in Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae 31 (Leiden: E.J. Brill 1995).
Review: R.M. Grant, Church History, 65.4 (1996), p. 660-662.
Review, A. Stewart Sykes, Sobornotst Eastern Church Review, 18.2 (1996), p. 74-75.
Review, B. Leadbetter, Journal of Religious History, 20.2 (1996), p. 249-251.
Review, R. Butterworth, Journal of Theological Studies, 47.2 (1996), p. 671-676.
Review, D.A. Bertrand, Revue d'histoire et philosophie religieuse, 1997, p. 340-341.
Review, J.A. Cerrato, Journal of Early Christian Studies, 4.4 (1996), p. 536-538.
Review, F.J. Weismann, Cuadernos Monsticos, 119 (1996), p. 547-548.
Review, J.M. Auwers, Revue histoire ecclesiastique, 92.3-4 (1997), p. 1028-1029.
Review, G. Bonner, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 48.3 (1997), p. 517-519.
Review, R.L. Wilken, Catholic Historical Review, 112.446 (1997), p. 469-470.
Review, Ph. Luisier, Orientalia Christiana Periodica, 62 (1996-7), p. 232-234.
Review, P. Vallin, Recherches de science religieuse, 85.2 (1997), p. 307-311.
Review, R. Trevijano, Salmanticensis, 44 (1997), p. 422-430.
Review, J. Taylor, Ephemerides Liturgicae, 111 (1997), p. 404-406.
Review, D. Tripp, Doxology: A Journal of Worship, 17 (2000), p. 79-80.
Philosophical Foundations for the Curriculum, (Allen & Unwin 1978)
Philosophy and Educational Foundations, (Allen & Unwin 1983)..
Ignatius of Antioch and the Second Sophistic, in Studien und Texte zu Antike und Christentum 36 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2006).
Ignatius of Antioch, a Martyr Bishop and the origin of Episcopacy (London and New York: Continuum 2007).
A Political History of Early Christianity, (London and New York: Continuum 2009).
Cyprian and Roman Carthage, (Cambridge, 2010).
Cyprian: The Unity of the Church. Select Letters and Treatises, translated with introduction and commentary, ( New York: St. Vladimir Orthodox Press 2005).

Peer-reviewed articles
Ignatius of Antioch in the Second Sophistic, Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum,   2005.
Cyprian’s Reconstruction of the Martyr Tradition, Journal of Ecclesiastical History 53,2 (2002), p. 241-268.
Cyprian and the question of ordinatio per confessionem,  Studia Patristica 36 (2001), p. 323-337.
Cyprian’s Exegesis and Roman Political Rhetoric, in L’Esegesi dei Padri Latini dale origini a Gregorio Magno, Studia Ephemeridis Augustinianum, 68 (2000), p. 145-158..
John As Theologos: The Imperial Mysteries and The Apocalypse, Journal for the Study of the New Testament, 75(1999), p. 87-102.
Ignatius of Antioch and the Imperial Cult,  Vigiliae Christianae, 52,1 (1998), p. 30-58.
Luke-Acts and the Imperial Cult in Asia Minor,  Journal of Theological Studies, 48.2 (1997), p. 411-438.
The Ignatian Epistles and the Threefold Ecclesiastical Order, Journal of Religious History, 17,1 (1992), p. 18-32.
The Relations between Ignatius of Antioch and the Didascalia Apostolorum,   Second Century, 8,3 (1991), p. 129-156.
Ecumenical Reconciliation and Cultural Episcopates,   Anglican Theological Review, 72,3 (1990), p. 255-279.
History and Eschatological Mysticism in Ignatius of Antioch,   Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses, 65,4 (1989), p. 309-329.
Pseudonymity and Charisma in the Ministry of the Early Church,   Augustinianum, 27,3 (1987), p. 347-376.
The Investiture Controversy- an issue in Sacramental Theology?   Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses, 63,1 (1987), p. 59-89.
Newman’s Moral Conversion,   Downside Review 355 (1986), p. 79-94.
The Hermesian Dimension to the Newman-Perrone Dialogue,  Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 61,1 (1985), p. 73-99.
Newman and Perrone: Irreconcilable Theses on Development,   Downside Review 349 (1984), p. 276-289.
Newman’s Conversion, the Via Media, and the Myth of the Romeward Movement, in Downside Review 345 (1983), p. 261-280.
Transcendental Arguments for Forms of Knowledge,   Journal of Philosophy of Education 16,2. (1982), p. 265-274.
Multicultural Education and Relativism, Journal of Philosophy of Education, 16,1 (1982), p. 125-130.
The Sociology of Knowledge and Epistemology,  British Journal of Educational Studies Vol.23 No.2 June (1975), p. 209- 224.
Can Wilson’s Moral Criteria Be Justified?   Journal of Moral Education'' Vol.2 No.3 June (1973), p. 203-210.

References

External links

 http://allenbrent.co.uk

British historians of religion
Religious studies scholars
Academics of King's College London


The Unwin Radar is a scientific radar array at Awarua, near Invercargill, New Zealand .

Unwin is part of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN), an international radar network for studying the upper atmosphere and ionosphere that operates in the High Frequency (HF) bands between 8 and 22 MHz.

The radar and associated research provides greater understanding of atmospheric weather, to assist with weather prediction, prediction of telecommunication interference and provide a better understanding of the effects of atmospheric magnetic fields on power grid management.

The facility is operated by La Trobe University and was named after Bob Unwin, a pioneer in auroral radar research, who first proposed the concept behind the project in the 1960s

Operation
Bursts of shortwave radio pulses are transmitted from the radar in a southern arc that includes the South Magnetic Pole. The ensuing reflections from micrometeorites, the ionosphere, ocean and aurora are detected at the station and resolved there.

The TIGER-Unwin is a monostatic, pulsed radar that operates in the 8 MHz - 20 MHz range. The transmitting antenna consists of an array of 16 log periodic antennas.
 These antennas form a narrow beam ~4 degrees (at 12 MHz) that is swept across the radar footprint in 16 steps (one step per antenna array).
 In the vertical direction the beam is ~30 degrees with a maximum in the range of 15 degrees (at 20 MHz) to 35 degrees (at 8 MHz).

An additional four antennas placed some distance behind the transmitting array. These antennas are used to form an interferometer receiving array that measures the elevation angle of echoes. In the standard operation mode the radar uses frequency hopping where the transmission frequency changes to accommodate changing ionospheric conditions. This frequency hopping is done by ongoing scanning the frequency band to determine automatically which channels are free of interference and provide the best coverage.

The data from Unwin is transmitted back to La Trobe University where it is made available over the Internet to users. The Unwin Radar and its counterpart at Bruny Island in Tasmania form the Tasman International Geospace Environment Radar (TIGER).

The Southland region is regarded as an ideal location for such a facility because of the southerly aspect, low radio noise and unobstructed horizon.

References

Buildings and structures in Southland, New Zealand
Science and technology in New Zealand
La Trobe University
Radar


Roger Federer was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Tommy Haas.

Andy Roddick won in the final 6–3, 7–6(8–6), against Tommy Haas.

Players

Draw

Main draw

Play-offs

External links
Official AAMI Classic website
2006 AAMI Classic results

Kooyong Classic
AAMI


Redcoat Air Cargo was a British cargo airline between 1976 and 1982 with headquarters at Horley in Sussex and an operating base at Luton Airport.

History
The company started operations in 1976 using a Bristol Britannia leased from Geminair. It used the aircraft to operate cargo flights from the United Kingdom to West Africa. It later bought its own Britannias, several being ex Royal Air Force Transport Command aircraft (including at least one previously operated by Air Faisal), and by 1979 was also operating freight charters for the Ministry of Defence.

The crash of the Britannia in 1980 led to the purchase of a Canadair CL-44 from British Cargo Airlines. Delay in acquiring the aircraft from the official receiver and subsequent engine problems led to cash flow issues and in 1982 the company entered voluntary liquidation.

Fleet

 Bristol Britannia
 Canadair CL-44

Media
In 1980 one of the company's Britannia aircraft was used in a BBC television drama series Buccaneer about a cargo airline.

Accidents and incidents
On 16 February 1980 a Bristol Britannia C Mk.1, registered G-BRAC, crashed after departure from Boston-Logan due to ice and snow on the aircraft; seven of the eight occupants died, including the spouse of a serving airman at RAF Belize.

See also
 List of defunct airlines of the United Kingdom

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Remembering the Billerica plane crash of 1980

Defunct airlines of the United Kingdom
Airlines established in 1976
Airlines disestablished in 1982
Aviation in England
Transport in Bedfordshire
1976 establishments in England
British companies established in 1976
1982 disestablishments in England
British companies disestablished in 1982


Coconuco, also known as Coconucan, Guambiano and Misak, is a dialect cluster of Colombia spoken by the Guambiano indigenous people. Though the three varieties, Guambiano, moribund Totoró, and the extinct Coconuco are traditionally called languages, Adelaar & Muysken (2004) believe that they are best treated as a single language.

Totoró may be extinct; it had 4 speakers in 1998 out of an ethnic population of 4,000. Guambiano, on the other hand, is vibrant and growing.

Coconucan was for a time mistakenly included in a spurious Paezan language family, due to a purported "Moguex" (Guambiano) vocabulary that turned out to be a mix of Páez and Guambiano (Curnow 1998).

Phonology
The Guambiano inventory is as follows (Curnow & Liddicoat 1998:386).

References

Further reading
 Adelaar, Willem F. H.; & Muysken, Pieter C. 2004. The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
 Branks, Judith; Sánchez, Juan Bautista. 1978. The drama of life: A study of life cycle customs among the Guambiano, Colombia, South America (pp xii, 107). Summer Institute of Linguistics Museum of Anthropology Publication (No. 4). Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics Museum of Anthropology.
 Vásquez de Ruiz, Beatriz. 2000. Guambiano: Algunos Aspectos sobre Morfología Nominal. In González de Pérez, María Stella and Rodríguez de Montes, María Luisa (eds.), Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva, 155-168. Santafé de Bogotá: Instituto Caro y Cuervo.
 Curnow, Timothy Jowan, & Liddicoat, Anthony J. 1998. The Barbacoan Languages of Colombia and Ecuador, Anthropological Linguistics, 40:3:384–408.
 Fabre, Alain. 2005. Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: Guambiano

Barbacoan languages
Languages of Colombia
Cauca Department


John Stratford, 3rd Earl of Aldborough (–1823) was an Irish peer and member of the House of Stratford. He was known as the Hon. John Stratford until 1801, when he inherited the Earldom from his brother Edward Stratford, 2nd Earl of Aldborough.

Background
He was the second son of John Stratford, 1st Earl of Aldborough, and his wife Martha O'Neale, daughter of the Venerable Benjamin O'Neale, of Mount Neale, County Carlow; sometime Archdeacon of Leighlin.

Career
In 1763, Stratford replaced his father as Member of Parliament (MP) for Baltinglass upon the latter's elevation to the peerage. He held this seat until 1777. In 1776, he was returned to the Irish House of Commons for County Wicklow, replacing Ralph Howard, who had left the House to be elevated to the peerage as Baron Clonmore, and chose to sit for Wicklow in preference to Baltinglass. From 1790, he sat again for Baltinglass until the termination of the Irish Parliament in 1800 by the Act of Union. At the beginning of 1801, he succeeded his older brother Edward as earl.

In 1795, Stratford was appointed Governor of County Wicklow.

Family
In April 1777, he married Elizabeth Hamilton, eldest daughter of Reverend Frederick Hamilton, Archdeacon of Raphoe and son of Lord Archibald Hamilton, and they had several daughters:

 Elizabeth, named after her mother, married John Halliday, later Tollemache, and had John Tollemache, 1st Baron Tollemache.
 Louisa-Martha (1748–1814), married Hon. John Rodney, son of George Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney
 Emily (died 1863), married Thomas Best (died 1829).
 Maria married James Tate of Ballintaggart House, County Kildare.

His granddaughter Marcia (née Tate, d.1893) married Anthony Lyster of Stillorgan (1797-1880) in 1825 and were the parents of Lieutenant General Harry Hammon Lyster VC.

Stratford died at Belan House in County Kildare in 1823 and lacking male issue, he was succeeded in his titles by his younger brother Benjamin. His wife died in 1845.

References

John
1740s births
1823 deaths
Irish MPs 1761–1768
Irish MPs 1769–1776
Irish MPs 1776–1783
Irish MPs 1783–1790
Irish MPs 1790–1797
Irish MPs 1798–1800
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Wicklow constituencies
Earls of Aldborough


The Qemists are an English electronic music group, hailing from Brighton, England. They are signed to Amazing Record Co., an indie record label based in the UK. The band have a separate deal with Beat Records for distribution in Japan and with Detroit-based label FiXT Music for North America.

History
The Qemists were originally the drummer, bassist and guitarist in a rock band where they spent a lot of time touring UK and Europe as well as spending a lot of time in the studio. During this time in the rock band in the late 1990s, they acquired an interest in drum and bass and some of the group's early efforts started to get airplay. For many years they were performing in the rock band as their day job whilst producing and DJing drum and bass at night, and this conflict of interests led to the fusion of the two styles to form The Qemists sound that is known today.
They had previously worked as live sound engineers for Basement Jaxx, Kano and Lady Sovereign.

Their debut release on Ninja Tune was a remix of Coldcut's "Everything Is Under Control" which was supported by Zane Lowe, Coldcut and Pendulum.

Their first single, "Stompbox", appeared on the soundtrack for the film Jumper.  "Dem Na Like Me" and "Your Revolution" were used in Clay Porter's mountain bike movie 3 Minute Gaps (2011). "Stompbox" and "Tom Cat" appeared in the action movie Blitz (2011).

In 2009, they supported Enter Shikari on their World tour, and underwent their own headlining UK tour.

In November 2015, they signed to Amazing Record Co., planning the release of Warrior Sound, their third studio album, on 4 March 2016.

Members
 Bruno Balanta – vocals (MC)
 Oliver Simmons – vocals
 Liam Black – guitar
 Dan Arnold – bass, synth programming
 Leon Harris – drums

Former members
 Matt Rose – vocals

Musical style
With the band's origins in heavy rock music and their fusion of electronic rock and drum and bass, The Qemists are often compared to bands such as Pendulum and The Prodigy.

Discography

Studio albums
Join the Q (2009)
Spirit in the System (2010)
Warrior Sound (2016)

Compilations
Soundsystem (2011)

Singles
"React" (2004)
"Summer Son" (2004)
"Iron Shirt" / "Let There Be Light" (2006)
"Stompbox" (2007)
"Dem Na Like Me" (feat. Wiley) (2008)
"Lost Weekend" (feat. Mike Patton) (2008)
"On the Run" (feat. Jenna G) (2009)
"Drop Audio" (feat. I.D.) (2009)
"Your Revolution" (feat. Matt Rose) (2010)
"Hurt Less" (feat. Jenna G) (2010)
"Renegade" (feat. Maxsta & MC I.D) (2010)
"Take It Back" (feat. Enter Shikari) (2011)
"No More" (2013)
"Run You" (2016)
"Anger" (feat. Kenta Koie of Crossfaith) (2016)
"Takeover" (with Zardonic) (2018)
"Crevasse" (2019)
"Feel Alive" (with Prolix) (2019)
"Deep Scars" (with 3D Stas) (2019)
"Crevasse" (2019)

Remixes
Coldcut – "Everything Is Under Control" – (2005)
Dr. Octagon – "Trees" – (2006)
Coldcut – "True Skool" – (2006)
Backini – "Radio" – (2006)
Roots Manuva feat. Rodney P – "Swords in the Dirt" – (2007)
The Count & Sinden feat. Kid Sister – "Beeper" – (2008)
DJ Kentaro – "Rainy Day" – (2008)
Coldcut – "Atomic Moog" – (2008)
Innerpartysystem – "Die Tonight Live Forever" – (2008)
Enter Shikari – "No Sleep Tonight" – (2009)
Steve Aoki – "I'm in the House" – (2010)
The Damned – "Smash It Up" – (2010)
South Central – "The Day I Die" – (2011)
In Flames – "Where The Dead Ships Dwell" – (2011)
DJ Kentaro feat. DJ Krush – "Kikkake" – (2012)
Hybrid – "Be Here Now" – (2014)
The Heavy – "How You Like Me Now?" – (2014)
Crossfaith – "Kill 'Em All" – (2017)
Crush 40 – "Green Light Ride" – (2019)

Miscellaneous
Let There Be Light (from Stompbox EP) – (2007)
Lost Weekend (VIP) (from Lost Weekend EP) – (2008)
Dem Na Like Me (VIP) (from Dem Na Like Me EP) – (2008)
Play With Fire (from on the Run EP) – (2009)
Renegade (VIP) (from Renegade EP) – (2010)
Take It Back (VIP) (from Take It Back EP) – (2011)
Dirty Words (VIP) (from Take It Back EP) – (2011)

Other appearances
MotorStorm: Pacific Rift – "Stompbox", "On the Run (VIP Mix) / Speed Freak"
Midnight Club: Los Angeles – "Stompbox"
Pure – "Stompbox", "Drop Audio"
Blur – "Stompbox (Spor Remix)", "On The Run (VIP Mix) / Speed Freak", "S.W.A.G", "Let There Be Light", "Dem Na Like Me (VIP Mix)"
Need For Speed: Undercover – "Stompbox", "Stompbox (Spor Remix)"
SSX – "Stompbox (Spor Remix)", "Lifeline", "Bones" ft. Kellermensch, "Deadly Rocks", "People's Gravity", "People's Air"
Colin McRae: Dirt 2 – "Lost Weekend"
Dirt: Showdown – "Take It Back"
Forza Motorsport 3 – "Lost Weekend", "On the Run", "S.W.A.G (Instrumental)"
MotorStorm: Arctic Edge – "Lost Weekend"
Need for Speed: Shift – "Lost Weekend"
Crackdown 2 – "Dem Na Like Me", "Smash It Up (The Qemists Remix)", "Affliction", "The Demand"
F1 2010 – "On the Run"
F1 2011 – "Tropicana", "Planet Terror"
Forza Motorsport 4 – "Take It Back", "Dirty Words", "Your Revolution"
GT Racing 2 - "Don't Lose It", "S.W.A.G"
Need for Speed Rivals – "No More"
Asphalt 8: Airborne – "Be Electric"
OlliOlli – "Society"
Forza Horizon 2 – "Renegade"
Madden 17 – "New Design"
Gran Turismo Sport – "Run You"
Onrush – "Crevasse"

References

External links

2004 establishments in England
British drum and bass music groups
Musical groups established in 2004


George A. Steel (April 22, 1846 – June 20, 1918) was an American politician and businessman in the state of Oregon. A native of Ohio, he moved to Oregon in 1862 where he became postmaster of Portland and helped build a railroad line among other business ventures. A Republican, he served in the Oregon State Senate and as Oregon State Treasurer.

Early years
George Steel was born on April 22, 1846, to William and Elizabeth Lawrie Steel in the village of Stafford in the southeastern portion of Ohio. In 1862, he sailed to the Isthmus of Panama and then traveled on a ship captained by J.D. Merryman to Portland, Oregon. There he first worked at a commission house as a clerk before working in the same position for the post office in Portland in 1865. He then worked for the Oregon Iron Works followed by the Ladd & Tilton bank for four years as an accountant. On February 18, 1869, Steel married Eva Pope, daughter of Charles Pope.

Steel formed a partnership in the book and stationery business with Joseph K. Gill to operate Gill & Steel, a predecessor to the J. K. Gill Company, in 1870. The next year they bought part of the Harris & Holman business and later bought out Bancroft & Morse, with Bancroft joining the partnership. Steel bought out his partners, but went bankrupt and sold off the assets. The rest of Steel's family, which included brother William Gladstone Steel, moved to Oregon in 1872. Steel continued to work with Gill until 1878, and became the postmaster for Portland in 1881.

In the meantime he was a special agent for the United States Post Office Department (predecessor to the United States Postal Service) from 1877 to 1879, and from that year to 1880 as a deputy collector at for Customs at the city's harbor. He served as postmaster until 1885, and was again postmaster from 1889 to 1894. While still postmaster he went into business with his brother James to form G. A. Steel & Company to sell fire insurance. Steel continued with this venture after leaving the post office and later incorporated the Metropolitan Railway Company with his brother. The railroad was an electric line that opened in January 1890 and initially ran from Portland to Fulton Park. Later named the Eastside Electric Railway, the line extended to Oregon City, but went bankrupt in 1898.

Political career
In 1870, he won election to his first public office, Treasurer of Multnomah County, serving two years. He then was elected as chairman of the Oregon Republican Party's state central committee in 1876. Steel remained chairman until 1878 when he became the secretary for the committee.

Steel was elected to the Oregon State Senate in 1886 to represent District 20 in Multnomah County. He served one, four-year term in the legislature spanning two legislative sessions. He returned to the post of chairman for the state central committee in 1894, serving until 1896, and then began service on the Republican National Committee in 1900. He remained on that committee in 1902 and 1904. In 1906, he was elected as the Oregon State Treasurer and served a single four-year term in office from January 15, 1907, to January 3, 1911.

Later years and legacy
Steel and his wife had two children and were members of the First Congregational Church in Portland. George A. Steel died on June 20, 1918, at the age of 72. Steel named an area south of Portland as Stafford after his hometown, which also lends its name to Stafford Road in that same area.

References

Republican Party Oregon state senators
State treasurers of Oregon
People from Monroe County, Ohio
Businesspeople from Portland, Oregon
1846 births
1918 deaths
Oregon postmasters
19th-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians
19th-century American businesspeople


John Clifford Garrett (1908 in Seattle, Washington - 1963) was an American entrepreneur who founded a company in Los Angeles in 1936 which came to be known as Garrett AiResearch. The company was first named Aircraft Tool and Supply Company, then by early 1937 was renamed as Garrett Supply Company, and by 1939, AiResearch and shortly thereafter AiResearch Manufacturing Company, which then became a division within the Garrett Corporation.

By the end of the 1940s Garrett Corporation was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. "In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Garrett was heavily committed to the design of small gas turbine engines from 20 - 90 horse power (15 - 67 kW). The engineers had developed a good background in the metallurgy of housings, high speed seals, radial inflow turbines, and centrifugal compressors."

In the 1950s and 1960s, Garrett's company diversified and expanded. Garrett AiResearch designed and produced a wide range of military and industrial products for aerospace and general industry.

Cliff Garrett died in 1963. In 1964, to avoid a hostile takeover of Garrett's assets by Curtiss-Wright, his corporation merged with Signal Oil and Gas Company to form the Signal Companies.

Other

Since 1984 the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has given an annual Cliff Garrett Turbomachinery and Applications Engineering Award, which "honors Cliff Garrett and the inspiration he provided to engineers by his example, support, encouragement, and many contributions as an aerospace pioneer. To perpetuate recognition of Mr. Garrett's achievements and dedication as an aerospace pioneer, SAE administers an annual lecture by a distinguished authority in the engineering of turbomachinery for on-highway, off-highway, and/or spacecraft and aircraft uses".
Cliff Garrett was installed in the Arizona Aviation Hall of Fame in 1994.
The Cliff Garrett Memorial Rodeo Association sponsors an annual charity rodeo, in which Honeywell's Phoenix employees compete in rodeo events.
The Garrett name is still used to describe turbochargers produced and sold by Honeywell, and Garrett is a registered trademark.

References
Notes

Bibliography

"Business: Mighty Might". Time. October 29, 1951.

1908 births
1963 deaths
Businesspeople in aviation
American aerospace engineers
Businesspeople from Seattle
20th-century American engineers
20th-century American businesspeople


Knut Haug (born 31 March 1934) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

He was elected to Ål municipal council in 1971, and was re-elected on five successive occasions. During this period he was mayor for fourteen years. He was also a member of Buskerud county council for one term, and after a hiatus he returned to Ål municipal council in 2003.

Haug has also chaired the regional council (regionrådet) in Hallingdal, and he has been a member of the board of Landssamanslutninga av Vasskraftkommunar as well as the toll road company Vegfinans. Outside politics he worked as a farmer from 1960 to 2000.

References

1934 births
Living people
Mayors of places in Buskerud
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians


Events in the year 1745 in Norway.

Incumbents
Monarch: Christian VI

Events

Arts and literature
 The construction of Paléet in Oslo is finished.

Births
21 March - Johan Nordahl Brun, poet, dramatist, bishop and politician (died 1816)
8 June - Caspar Wessel, mathematician (died 1818)

Deaths

See also


Grodner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Allison Grodner, American director, producer and writer
Annetta Grodner, Ukrainian Jewish singer and actress, the first prima donna in Yiddish theater
Israel Grodner (1848–1887), one of the founding performers in Yiddish theater
Nahum Grodner (1811–1879), preacher and philanthropist


Saeed Armaghani (born in 1962) is an Iranian-Hungarian professional basketball coach and former player.

As a player, Armaghani played as a point guard for MAFC Budapest during the 1988–89 season.

Teams coached
 Iran national basketball team (2001–02) - Head coach
 Kaveh Tehran (2006–08) - Director
 Vasas SC (2008) - Sport director
 Óbudai Kaszások (2018-) - Head Coach (NB1)

Honours
 Ronchetti Cup, 1998

References

Living people
1962 births
Iranian men's basketball players
Iranian basketball coaches
Place of birth missing (living people)
Basketball players at the 1990 Asian Games
Point guards
Asian Games competitors for Iran


Jaggi (or Jäggi) is found both in European and Indian cultures as a surname and given name. There is no known crossover between the two origins.

In Europe the name "Jaggi" is most often found in South German and Swiss German communities. There are two competing theories around the origin of the name. The first is that the name is derived from the Biblical Hebrew "Yochanan", which translates as "He who Jehovah has favoured (with a son)". The second is that the name derives from the Hebrew root "qb> Ya'akov", meaning " to follow, to be behind", and it refers to the circumstances of Jacob's birth when he held on to the heel of his older twin brother Esau. Either way, the name became popular after the 12th century when returning Crusaders from the Holy Land would often call their children by biblical names in commemoration of their fathers pilgrimage, these then in turn developed into surnames.

The Jaggi surname is originated originally from Pakistan, Peshawar, Rawalpindi. The language spoken by such people is Pashto as they also belonged to Pashtuni region. From the new India (after partition), most people follow the tradition of Kashmiri Pahadi which is similar to that of Pakistani Hindus. This surname means 'Awaken' or 'belonging to the world'. People with the surname "Jaggi" belonged to the ancient "Mohenjo-Daro" community which is in present-day Pakistan on the banks of Sindhu River.

Due to the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, being firm Hindus, most of these people migrated from Pakistan to India along with other castes like the Sindhis etc. Thus, they do not have a specific village/place of resident and are found in various parts of India and other countries. Their IshtaDev / Ishtadevi Vaishnodevi (Vaishnavi), the Goddess in Kashmir, India.

Notable people with the name include:

Surname
Allen Jaggi (born 1944), member of the Wyoming House of Representatives
Ishank Jaggi (born 1989), Indian cricketer
 Maya Jaggi, British writer, literary critic and editor
 Michèle Jäggi (born 1987), Swiss curler
 Steve Jaggi, Swiss-German film and TV producer

Given name
 Jaggi Singh (activist) (born 1971), Canadian anti-globalization and social justice activist
 Jaggi Singh (actor) (born 1989), Panjabi actor and film producer
 Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev (born 1957), Indian yogi and mystic

Pseudonym
 R. Jagannathan, also known as Jaggi, Indian journalist

See also
 Jaggie, in computer graphics

References

External links


Torulosa may refer to:

Allocasuarina torulosa (Rose She-Oak or Forest Oak), a tree which grows in sub-rainforest of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia
Cupressus torulosa, species of cypress
Deightoniella torulosa, plant pathogen
Epioblasma torulosa, species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels
Fuscoporia torulosa, species of bracket fungus in the Fuscoporia genus, family Hymenochaetaceae


David Nalbandian was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Tim Henman.

Roger Federer won in the final 6–4, 7–5, against Andy Roddick.

Players

Draw

Main draw

Play-offs

External links
Official Kooyong Classic website
2005 Kooyong Classic results

Kooyong Classic
Com


Schrenk (or Schrenck) is a surname. It may refer to:

Schrenk
Alexander von Schrenk (1816–1876), Baltic-German naturalist; brother of Leopold von Schrenck
Alois Josef, Freiherr von Schrenk (1802–1849), Roman Catholic archbishop of Prague
Emmerich Schrenk (1915–1988), Austrian actor
Karl Schrenk, Austrian football player and manager
Matthew O. Schrenk, associate professor in geomicrobiology at Michigan State University
Steve Schrenk (born 1968), U.S. baseball pitcher

Schrenck
Albert von Schrenck-Notzing (1862–1929), German physician, psychiatrist, and psychic researcher
Leopold von Schrenck (1826–1894), Russian-born Baltic-German zoologist, geographer, and ethnographer; brother of Alexander von Schrenk
Sebastian von Schrenck Wenzel Freiherr von Schrenck-Notzing (1774–1848), Roman Catholic Bavarian politician
Albert von Schrenck-Notzing (1862–1929), German physician, psychiatrist and notable psychical researcher
Caspar von Schrenck-Notzing (1927–2009), German writer, scholar and publisher
Gabriele von Schrenck-Notzing (1872–1953), German baroness and 20th-century female aviator


Events in the year 1818 in Norway.

Incumbents
Monarch: Charles II (until 5 February); then Charles III John

Events

 5 February – Carl III of Sweden-Norway became King of Sweden and King of Norway following the death of Charles XIII.
 7 September – Carl III of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.
 24 September – Start of the Bodø affair.
 Johan August Sandels is appointed Governor-general of Norway.

Notable births
 14 January – Ole Jacob Broch, politician and Minister (died 1889).
 13 February – Rolf Olsen, politician (died 1864)
 6 April – Aasmund Olavsson Vinje, poet, journalist and writer (died 1870).
 24 September – Diderik Iversen Tønseth, politician (died 1893)

Full date unknown
 Job Dischington Bødtker, jurist and politician (died 1889)
 Carl Peter Parelius Essendrop, bishop, politician and Minister (died 1893)
 Jacob Lerche Johansen, politician and Minister (died 1900)
 Henrik Andreas Zetlitz Lassen, politician
 Thorvald Meyer, businessperson (died 1909)
 Carsten Tank Nielsen, politician and Minister (died 1892)

Notable deaths
 5 March - Johan Andreas Cornelius Ohme, army officer (born 1746)
 25 March – Caspar Wessel, mathematician (born 1745).

Full date unknown
 Anders Trulsson Bruland, civil servant and politician (born 1770)

See also

References


Fred Farrington (1867 – 1924) was an English footballer who played at half-back for Burslem Port Vale between 1888 and 1894. He served as club captain in the 1892–93 season.

Career
Farrington probably joined Burslem Port Vale in the autumn of 1888. He took four years to establish himself in the first team, but was a regular in the first team from March 1892, and played in the 1892 Staffordshire Charity Cup victory. He was appointed as club captain for the 1892–93 season, as the club became founder members of the Football League Second Division. He scored two goals in a 4–1 win over Crewe Alexandra at the Athletic Ground on 24 September. He also claimed goals against Burton Swifts and Darwen to finish the campaign with four goals in 18 league games. He featured just five times in the 1893–94 season, and retired due to ill health in April 1894.

Career statistics
Source:

Honours
Port Vale
Staffordshire Charity Cup: 1892

References

1867 births
1924 deaths
Footballers from Newcastle-under-Lyme
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Port Vale F.C. players
English Football League players


Hans Andreas Ihlebæk (16 October 1930 – 2 July 1993) was a Norwegian journalist.

He started his career working in Rana Blad, Bergens Arbeiderblad and Vestfold Arbeiderblad between 1957 and 1965. After seven years at the Norwegian Journalist School, he became the secretary-general of the Norwegian Press Association in 1972. He stepped down in 1990, having made his mark on the debate about journalism ethics and standards.

References

1930 births
1993 deaths
20th-century Norwegian writers
20th-century Norwegian journalists


Annual Bulletin may refer to:

Annual Bulletin (Comparative Law Bureau) (1908–1914, 1933)
Annual Bulletin of Historical Literature, from 1912, of the Historical Association
Annual Bulletin of the National Gallery of Victoria 1959–1966

See also

Bulletin (disambiguation)


The 2009 Angola, Namibia and Zambia floods was a natural disaster which began in early March 2009 and resulted in the deaths of at least 131 people and otherwise affected around 445,000 people.  The floods affected seven regions of Namibia, three provinces of Zambia, two regions of Angola and part of Botswana.  The floodwaters damaged buildings and infrastructure and displaced at least 300,000 people. A state of emergency was declared in northern Namibia and there were fears that a disease epidemic would ensue.  The Red Cross agencies and governments of the two countries responded to the disaster, and aid was distributed   be    the World Health Organization.

Causes
The border regions of Angola, Namibia and Zambia are dominated by small rivers which flood regularly during the rainy season from December to April. Floods in 2008 lasted from February to March and affected 250,000 people in Namibia with 42 people losing their lives.  The floods this year have primarily been caused by heavy rain; more rain has fallen on the region since December than fell in the entire five-month rainy season of last year. As a result, the flooding this year has been worse than that usually experienced. It has been reported that the floods could be the worst in the area for four decades. The Angolan National Institute of Meteorology has placed the cause of the heavy rain with a large equatorial depression which is expected to remain over the country until April when it will start to move southwards. One report has blamed the continuing heavy rain on the effects of the meteorological phenomenon La Niña.

Effects

Angola
Angola has been affected by floods within two of its provinces: Cuando Cubango and Cunene.
 The worst affected province has been Cunene, which lies on the Cuvelai River. Within Cunene alone 125,000 people have been affected by the flood and 25,000 have lost their homes. Across the country more than 30,000 people have been made homeless by the floods. There are fears that the floods could exacerbate diseases already present in the area, particularly cholera and malaria. Three cases of cholera have also been reported in Ondjiva, the capital of Cunene region, and local officials expect that number to increase. The Red Cross reports that so far there have been 19 deaths attributable to flooding in Angola.

Botswana
Botswana has been affected by the rising height of the Okavango River has risen to 8.62 m, the second highest depth recorded and the highest since 1969. The Okavango terminates in Botswana at the inland Okavango Delta and the Botswana government has issued an alert to those living alongside the river to move to higher ground. The government has evacuated 63 families amid concerns that flooding will worsen, particularly in the Chobe District. More than 400 people have been displaced as a result of the floods and the Botswana Defence Force is working to help those affected.

Namibia
Seven regions of Namibia have been affected by the flood: Omusati, Ohangwena, Oshana, Oshikoto, Zambezi, Kavango and Kunene. The worst affected regions have been Omusati, Ohangwena, Oshana and Oshikoto which lie on the Cuvelai River. In the Zambezi Region floodwaters have reached areas up to 20 km from where the river normally flows.  Up to 300,000 people have been affected by the floods in Namibia which have displaced around 276,000 people. The floods have destroyed crops, houses, schools, medical centres and roads in the country whose president, Hifikepunye Pohamba, has said could be experiencing one of the worst natural disasters in living memory. Gravel roads have been particularly affected with up to 85% of those in affected areas being damaged and cutting people off from assistance. People and livestock have been washed away and there have been cases of crocodiles and hippopotamuses swimming in the flood water, attacking and killing people. There was a pre-existing cholera outbreak in the Kunene Region and the floods have worsened this by overwhelming sanitation infrastructure and reducing supplies of clean drinking water. Malaria cases have also increased, with 2,000 known to have contracted the disease of which 25 have died. The Namibian government has stated that 112 people have died so far as a result of flooding.

President Pohamba has stated that a food shortage could follow the floods and the United Nations has estimated that crop production in Namibia will fall by 63% in the next year and that up to 500,000 people could be affected by a food shortage. Local food prices have already risen by 37% because of the disaster.

Zambia
Zambia has experienced flooding in the Western, North-Western and Southern Provinces. The damage to infrastructure alone totals more than $5 million and one district, Shangombo, remains cut off from outside help completely. The floods have affected 20,000 households and destroyed 5,000 homes in the Southern Province alone.

Elsewhere
Although this particular flood event has been worse than previously experienced in Namibia and Angola, there have been lower levels of flooding elsewhere in the region, such as on the Zambezi River, and the rainy season is expected to last just four more weeks. It is expected that the Kariba Dam in Zimbabwe and the Cahora Bassa Dam in Mozambique will protect countries on the lower Zambezi from flooding caused by rainwater in the upper river. The Red Cross is also keeping watch on Severe Tropical Storm Izilda which is heading for Mozambique's east coast and could cause further flooding there.

Reactions
President Pohamba has declared a state of emergency across six northern districts, and has requested international assistance. The Namibian state relief fund has been active in the region delivering water, food, tents and other supplies to flooded areas by helicopter and motorboat.  However it is hindered by a shortage of both aircraft and boats, and is running out of funding. The Red Cross agencies in both Angola and Namibia have responded to the disaster.  The Angola Red Cross is distributing mosquito nets, water purification tablets and rehydration sachets and the Namibia Red Cross Society has been distributing chlorine tablets and promoting hygiene in the affected areas. The World Health Organization has also responded with the delivery of five tonnes of health care kits and supplies of drinking water. There are fears that the financial crisis of 2007–2008 may limit the effectiveness of aid agencies who are already over-stretched across Africa. Displaced persons camps have been established in Oshana, Oshikoto, Ohangwena and Omusati in Namibia and currently hold around 4,500 people although they are said to be overcrowded and lacking in fresh water and sanitation provision. The World Health Organization has sent several healthcare teams into the area to train emergency personnel and to provide expertise in disease prevention. The floods coincided with a visit to Angola by Pope Benedict XVI, who expressed solidarity with the flood victims and encouraged reconstruction efforts. The Namibian national power company, NamPower, has donated food worth N$50,000 to those who have lost their homes in the areas near to Ruacana Hydro-electric Power Station which accounts for 70% of the country's electricity needs. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies has launched an appeal for $1.3 million to fund relief operations to assist 20,000 people in Namibia.

See also
 2008–2009 Zimbabwean cholera outbreak
 2008 Namibia floods

References

2000s floods in Africa
2009 floods
Floods
Angola, Namibia And Zambia Floods, 2009
Floods
Angola, Namibia And Zambia Floods, 2009
Natural disasters in Angola
Water in Angola
Natural disasters in Botswana
Natural disasters in Namibia
Natural disasters in Zambia
Water in Zambia
Angola, Namibia and Zambia floods
Angola, Namibia and Zambia floods


Ilya Schor (April 16, 1904 – June 7, 1961) was an artist, a painter, jeweler, engraver, sculptor, and renowned artist of Judaica.

Early life

Ilya Schor was born in Złoczów (Galicia), in the Austrian Empire (now Zolochiv, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine) in 1904. He came from a deeply Hasidic family. His father, Naftali, was a folk-artist, painting colorfully illustrated store signs for local merchants. Schor first trained as an apprentice in metalcrafts and engraving before enrolling at the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts in 1930 where he studied painting. In 1937, Ilya was awarded a grant by the Polish government to study in Paris. He exhibited successfully at the Salon d'Automne in 1938.

Ilya Schor and his artist wife, Resia, immigrated to the United States in December 1941, from Marseilles, via Lisbon, after fleeing Paris in late May 1940. The couple had two daughters, born in New York City: artist and writer Mira Schor (b. 1950) and the late literary scholar and theorist, Naomi Schor (1943–2001).

Later life and work

In New York City, Ilya Schor began artwork that would keep fresh his memories of life of the Jews of the shtetls of Eastern Europe, working in the many materials and with the numerous skills at his disposal. He worked on major commissions for synagogues in the United States. Schor’s wood-engraving illustrations for The Earth is The Lord’s and The Sabbath, both important writings by the renowned philosopher and theologian, Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel, and for Adventures of Mottel The Cantor’s Son by Sholem Aleichem, have remained in print for over fifty years.

Rabbi Heschel wrote of Schor’s work, “In the stillness of the precious images Ilya Schor has called into being, generations to come will hear the voice and the spirit of eternal Israel, the inwardness and piety of our people of Eastern Europe.” Schor was also the creator of unique jewelry and small Judaica objects in silver and gold. In later years he also worked on abstract sculptures in brass and copper.

His work was exhibited at The Salpeter Gallery in New York 1953, the Museum of Contemporary Art in Boston, and the Jewish Museum (New York) in 1948, and was included in group exhibitions such as Liturgical Art, Arts Club of Chicago and at the HCE Gallery, Provincetown, Massachusetts, in 1959 and 1960; Six American Sculptors, Milwaukee Arts Center; Art in Judaism – Past and Present, Newark Museum in 1957; Six American Sculptors, Arts Club of Chicago in 1956.

Death
Ilya Schor died in New York City in 1961, aged 57. A retrospective of his work was held at the Jewish Museum (New York) in 1965. Another smaller exhibition of works in varied media, "Life of the Old Jewish Shtetl: Paintings and Silver by Ilya Schor", was held at Yeshiva University Museum in 1975.

His works are included in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Jewish Museum (New York), the Jerusalem Great Synagogue Jacob and Belle Rosenbaum Mezuzah Collection, North Carolina Museum of Art, and the Sydney Jewish Museum (Sydney, Australia).

Gallery

Bibliography
The Tale of The Goldsmith’s Floor, a 32-minute video originally created for the 2003 Brown University and differences Conference.
The Lure of the Detail, The Tale of The Goldsmith’s Floor, illustrated video script, differences, Volume 14, Number 3, Fall 2003, pp. 137–61.
Belle Rosenbaum, Upon Thy Doorposts, The Jacob and Belle Rosenbaum Foundation, New York, 1995.
Abraham J.  Karp, ed., The Jews in America: A Treasury of Art and Literature, Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, 1994.
Dalia Tawil and Rhonda Jacobs, Life of the Old Jewish Shtetl; paintings and silver by Ilya Schor, November 1975-January 1976, exhibition catalogue, New York: Yeshiva University Museum.
Abram Kanof, Jewish Ceremonial Art and Religious Observances, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York, 1969.
Tom Freudenheim, Ilya Schor, exhibition catalogue, New York: The Jewish Museum, 1965.
Alfred Werner, “Ilya Schor: A Versatile, Profound Artist,” The Jewish News, September 8, p. 13.
Abraham Heschel, “Ilya Schor,” Conservative Judaism, Fall 1961.
Ilya Schor, [Obituary], New York Times, June 8, 1961.
“Fantasies in Silver,” Craft Horizons, August, 1948, Vol 8 No. 22, pp. 3–5.

References

External links
 Ilya Schor Dead; a Silversmith, 57; Also Noted for Paintings of Jewish Ceremonial Scenes
 Ilya Schor, Mezuzah, New York, United States, 1960
 Ilya Schor papers, 1943–1968
 North Carolina Museum of Art - Judaic Collection

1904 births
1961 deaths
People from Zolochiv, Lviv Oblast
Ukrainian Jews
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
20th-century American painters
American male painters
20th-century Polish painters
20th-century American male artists
Jewish painters
Jewish American artists
20th-century American sculptors
American male sculptors
Polish male painters
20th-century American Jews
Austrian emigrants to the United States


Acromyrmex octospinosus is a species of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae of the genus Acromyrmex.  It is found in the wild naturally in Central America ranging from southern Mexico down to Panama; and across northern South America in Venezuela.

Foundresses of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex octospinosus forage for leaves as garden substrate (semi-claustral foundation). The fungal pellet and substrate usually are attached to rootlets, which are used as a platform for the garden. This arrangement keeps the garden suspended away from the earthen chamber of the underground nest during early colony growth, and it serves to minimize contact between the garden and contaminants. A. octospinosus foundresses produce from 3 to 7 workers in 2.7 months after founding the nest, but workers do not forage for substrate at this time. Incipient nests died or were abandoned at a monthly rate of about 50%. The ants routinely clean their legs before manipulating the garden substrate. The foundresses use their fore-legs to rub the surface of the metapleural gland, and they then use typical grooming behaviors to pass the forelegs through the mouthparts, after which the ant then licks the garden substrate. Similarly, ants apparently use their mouths to transfer fecal droplets to their legs. These grooming behaviors are prophylactic behaviors that may help the foundress maintain a hygienic garden.

Subspecies
The species contains three subspecies:
Acromyrmex octospinosus cubanus Wheeler, 1937
Acromyrmex octospinosus ekchuah Wheeler, 1937
Acromyrmex octospinosus inti Wheeler, 1937

References

External links

octospinosus
Hymenoptera of North America
Hymenoptera of South America
Insects of Guadeloupe
Insects described in 1793


Yrigoyen may refer to:

People:
Manuel Yrigoyen Diez Canseco, Peruvian politician in the early 20th century
Álvaro Enrique Arzú Yrigoyen (born 1946), the 32nd President of Guatemala, from 1996 to 2000
Hipólito Yrigoyen (1852–1933), twice President of Argentina (from 1916 to 1922 and again from 1928 to 1930)

Places:
Hipólito Yrigoyen, Santa Cruz, village and municipality in Santa Cruz Province in southern Argentina
Hipólito Yrigoyen, Misiones, village and municipality in Misiones Province in northeastern Argentina
Hipólito Yrigoyen Partido, district in Buenos Aires Province in central Argentina
Hipólito Yrigoyen, Salta, town and municipality in Salta Province in northwestern Argentina

See also
Irigoyen
Hipólito Yrigoyen (disambiguation)


The extinct Manguean languages were a branch of the Oto-Manguean family. They were Chorotega of Costa Rica and Nicaragua (where it was called Mangue or Monimbo), and Chiapanec of Mexico.

References

Oto-Manguean languages


The DuPont Show with June Allyson (also known as The June Allyson Show) is an American anthology drama series which aired on CBS from September 21, 1959, to April 3, 1961, with rebroadcasts continuing until June 12, 1961.

The series was hosted by actress June Allyson and was a Four Star-Pamric Production. Allyson sometimes starred in episodes, one of which ("A Summer's Ending") was her first appearance on TV with her husband, Dick Powell.

Aaron Spelling was the producer. Paul Henreid, James Neilson, and Jack Smight were directors. Richard Levinson and William Link were writers for the program.

Allyson took offense when critics dismissed the program with comments that included comparing its episodes to contents of women's fiction magazines. "Any show that stars a woman just naturally seems to be called a soap opera, whether it is or not", she said.

Episodes

Season 1 (1959–1960)

Season 2 (1960–1961)

References

External links

at CVTA with episode list

1950s American anthology television series
1960s American anthology television series
1959 American television series debuts
1961 American television series endings
Black-and-white American television shows
CBS original programming
1950s American drama television series
1960s American drama television series
Television series by Four Star Television
Television series by 20th Century Fox Television
DuPont


The 2007 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship was the fourteenth edition of the Asian Championship, a biennial international volleyball tournament organised by the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) with Thailand Volleyball Association (TVA). The tournament was held in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand from 5 to 13 September 2007.

Venues
MCC Hall, The Mall Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

Pools composition
The teams are seeded based on their final ranking at the 2005 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship.

* Withdrew

Preliminary round

Pool A

Pool B

Pool C

Pool D

Classification round
 The results and the points of the matches between the same teams that were already played during the preliminary round shall be taken into account for the classification round.

Pool E

Pool F

Pool G

Pool H

Final round
 The results and the points of the matches between the same teams that were already played during the previous rounds shall be taken into account for the final round.

Classification 9th–12th

Championship

Final standing

Team Roster
Megumi Kurihara, Yoshie Takeshita, Megumi Itabashi, Miyuki Takahashi, Asako Tajimi, Sachiko Sugiyama, Kumiko Sakino, Erika Araki, Saori Kimura, Kanako Omura, Yuko Sano, Yuki Shoji
Head Coach: Shoichi Yanagimoto

Awards
MVP:  Miyuki Takahashi
Best scorer:  Yelena Pavlova
Best spiker:   Xue Ming
Best blocker:  Pleumjit Thinkaow
Best server:  Saori Kimura
Best setter:  Nootsara Tomkom
Best digger:  Wanna Buakaew
Best receiver:  Yuko Sano

References
Asian Volleyball Confederation
Results

International volleyball competitions hosted by Thailand
2007 in women's volleyball
2005
Volleyball,Asian Women's Championship