The Enterprise Finance Guarantee (EFG) is a UK government-guaranteed lending scheme intended to help smaller viable businesses who may be struggling to secure finance, by facilitating bank loans of between £1,000 and £1 million.

It is intended to enable banks to lend to viable small businesses who are unable to provide the security that the bank would otherwise require.  The government announced the launch of the Enterprise Finance Guarantee Scheme (EFG) in November 2008 to provide targeted intervention for viable
SMEs, close to the margins on risk, who could not access debt
finance during times of tight credit
conditions.  EFG replaced the previous Small Firms Loan Guarantee scheme.

Under the scheme, the decision on whether or not to lend rests solely with the participating bank.  The Government meets some of the bad debt costs incurred by the lender on the scheme loans.  The borrower pays interest and fees to the participating bank on normal commercial terms;  and in addition the borrower pays a quarterly fee to the Government.

In total, for its first period from January 2009 to March 2010 the Government announced that it would support a total of up to £1,300 million loans under the scheme.  For its second period from April 2010 to March 2011 the Government announced that it would support a total of up to £500m loans under the scheme.

Details

In his Pre-Budget Report, presented on 24 November 2008, the Chancellor announced a Small Business Finance Scheme.  This went live as the Enterprise Finance Guarantee on 14 January 2009.

The government offer to bear 75% of the risk of default on each eligible individual loan, subject to a cap on the total claims that may be made by each participating bank.

EFG has replaced the Small Firms Loans Guarantee (SFLG) Scheme.  It has wider criteria, in that it offers guarantees of loans of up to £1 million, rather than £250,000, and is available to businesses with a turnover of up to £41m, rather than £5.6m. It provides lesser support to lenders, in that the total amount paid by the Government to each participating bank may not exceed 9.75% of the total amount advanced by that bank on all loans in the period, whereas SFLG contained no such cap.  It allows the participating bank to insist, for the first time, on personal guarantees.

The scheme is open to businesses with an annual turnover of up to £41m, seeking loans of £1,000 to £1 million, repayable over a period of 3 months to 10 years.  State aid rules restrict or exclude businesses in certain industries such as agriculture, coal and transport.

The scheme is only open to viable businesses with no security or insufficient security.

The purpose of the guarantee is to support new or existing borrowing or converting an existing overdraft into a loan freeing money for working capital.  An important point is that the decisions on loans are made by the lenders, not BIS.

The cost of the guarantees to the borrower is 2% per annum of the outstanding balance, collected quarterly, payable to BIS. BIS are offering a discount of 25% (making the cost of guarantees 1.5% per annum) for all premiums successfully collected in 2009.

Under the EFG scheme the UK government, through its Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) will guarantee 75% of any loans made, with the bank covering the remaining 25%. The guarantees will mean that the government, or taxpayers, will pick up three-quarters of the tab for any bad loans for which a claim can be made.

However, lenders participating in the scheme cannot exceed claiming back more than 13% of the total amount lent under EFG. Therefore, only 9.75% of the total loan portfolio is recoverable (75% of value of loans recoverable until ceiling of 13% is reached = 9.75% total amount recoverable by scheme participants making loans).

The maximum cost to the taxpayer is the 9.75% less the total fees collected from all borrowers.

The Enterprise Finance Guarantee applies to loans, and can also be used to convert existing overdrafts into loans to enable businesses to free up their current overdraft facilities to meet working capital demands.

The EFG is designed primarily as a means of providing working capital to businesses, however loans can also be provided for other purposes such as asset purchase, business expansion or acquisition, or property/equipment purchase.

 Applications will be considered where a business has a viable proposal but may incur difficulty in obtaining conventional finance because of lack of security.
 The EFG is not restricted to established businesses. If a new start-up, with no/little available security, meets usual credit policy criteria and has presented a sound business plan, the Bank may still choose to support an EFG application.

The EFG was initially managed on behalf of the Government by Capital for Enterprise Limited (CfEL), an arm's length body which was the UK Government's centre of knowledge and expertise in SME finance interventions. On 1 October 2013, CfEL became part of the British Business Bank which is now responsible for the EFG.

The EFG scheme has been temporarily replaced by the Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan (CBIL) scheme in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic, although there are no indications of when, or indeed if, the EFG scheme will be reinstated. Some experts have called for the scheme to be reinstated alongside the CBIL scheme.

The CBIL scheme effectively replaced the EFG scheme to enable rapid delivery through main and secondary lenders utilising an already established platform of delivery that was used to distribute the EFG funding to businesses. There are some key changes to the format of the CBIL loan however, of notable value; the removal of the requirement for directors to personally guarantee the loans (up to £250,000) and secondly, an increase in the government backed guarantee to 80%.

Main Principles

BIS requires that before sanctioning any facilities under EFG the Bank has confirmed the following:
 the applicant’s plans are viable and would meet our usual commercial requirements for a loan.
 the Bank would wish to lend to the applicant and that all the applicant’s available collateral has been exhausted.
 EFG loans may be used to refinance existing overdraft borrowing (the current utilisation not the limit). The Bank must however be prepared to continue to make available an appropriate working capital facility following the refinance; it is not permissible to use EFG finance to simply terminate all existing overdraft debt and not provide working capital finance.

Eligibility

 Businesses of any age may apply for EFG.
 There is no maximum number of employees.
 The applicant’s turnover during the previous 12 months must not exceed £41m. This ceiling was increased from a £25m turnover in March 2012. Where an applicant is part of a corporate group (whether a parent, subsidiary or holding company), the £41m figure relates to the entire group.
 There are few sectoral restrictions although an eligibility check should be undertaken in the event of a customer operating in any of the following sectors or in any other instances in the event of doubt:-
 Fishing
 Agriculture
 Shipping
 Forestry
 Performing Arts
 Education
 Healthcare
 Social Care Services
 Coal and Steel

Purpose of Facility

• EFG loans may only be used for business purposes, principally to provide working capital, or to fund expansion or capital expenditure in the UK. Other purposes such as acquisition/purchase of businesses, land/property purchase, and start-up costs are also permitted.

• EFG loans may be used to refinance existing overdraft facilities afforded by the Bank. The Bank must however continue to provide an appropriate working capital facility (i.e. continue to make available an overdraft) should existing borrowing be refinanced and the customer still wishes an overdraft. The level of any continuing overdraft is to be determined by the Bank in that it does not necessarily require to equal the amount of the overdraft which is being refinanced by EFG.

• EFG loans can be used to fund share purchases in respect of business acquisition transactions, subject to the Bank being satisfied that structuring the purchase in such a manner is appropriate.

• EFG loans are available to businesses which export but may not be used to finance large individual transactions which would be more suited to Trade Finance facilities.

• EFG finance may be used to refinance any loan facilities (apart from an SFLGS loan) where the Bank are facing such a large security shortfall that they have made a decision to call up the loan. Such instances will, however, be extremely rare. However, in a non-distress scenario, EFG finance cannot be used to refinance loans which we have afforded or loans which have been afforded by other lenders.

EFG Parameters

Borrowing Amount

 The minimum loan amount is £1,000
 The maximum loan amount is £1m.
 Any loans previously provided under SFLGS, even if still outstanding, do not count towards the £1m EFG limit.
 There is no restriction on the number of EFG facilities a customer may have so long as the aggregate of these facilities (based on the original amount granted, not the current outstanding balance) does not exceed £1m.
Where more than one business wishes to apply for an EFG, each separate business may qualify for an aggregate amount of up to £1m, provided that the applicant is not part of a corporate group and each separate business meets the eligibility criteria.
 Where an applicant is part of a corporate group (whether a parent, subsidiary or holding company), the maximum figure available to the entire group is £1m.

Term

 The minimum term is 3 months.
 The maximum term is 10 years (including any capital repayment holiday).

Drawdown

 tranche drawdowns are permitted, subject to a maximum of four tranches. If the loan is to be drawn in tranches, no capital repayments are to be made until the loan is fully drawn, which must be within 1 year of the date of the EFG loan agreement.
 The first tranche must be drawn no later than 6 months after the date of the EFG loan agreement. Failure to draw the loan within this period will necessitate the submission of a new application.

Capital Repayment Holidays

 Capital Repayment Holidays, in multiples of 3 months, are permitted up to a maximum of 3 years.
 Subsequent Capital Repayment Holidays may be sanctioned after initial drawdown.

Repayments

 EFG loans must be repaid on a capital only (straight line) basis with interest being debited quarterly to a separate account held at the same branch as the loan account.
 Capital and interest loans (actuarial) or interest only (bullet) repayment loans are not permissible.
 Loan repayments may be monthly or quarterly.

Security

General

Before offering a borrower an EFG facility, the Bank must be satisfied that it would have offered conventional finance but for the lack of security.

Pledging of Personal Assets

 The Bank must be satisfied that all available personal assets have been pledged for conventional facilities, before considering lending under EFG.
 It is the Bank’s decision as to whether or not personal assets may be considered available as security for conventional lending.
 The Bank must be satisfied that the applicant is personally committed to the venture, and is not using EFG as a means of avoiding pledging personal assets.
 In the event that conventionally chargeable assets are jointly owned with a spouse or third party who is not directly connected to the business any refusal by that spouse/third party to charge those assets is sufficient to render these assets as not being available for conventional lending. For our purposes, a direct connection with the business is defined as partner, director or shareholder with 20% or more of the share capital. The same principle applies where an occupier of a conventionally chargeable asset refuses to grant consent to a charge.
 If the applicant is not prepared to allow all their available personal assets to be used to secure conventional lending, this renders them ineligible for EFG.
 In exceptional circumstances, personal guarantees may be taken in respect of EFG loans.
 The Bank is not permitted to take a charge over guarantors’ principal residences in support of personal guarantees.

Pledging of business assets

 Applicants should be asked to pledge premises, machinery and other assets used in the business as security for the EFG loan, usually in the form of a fixed or floating charge.
 Where the assets to be pledged include property with any element of residential use (e.g. shop with flat above) consideration must be given as to whether or not the borrowing will be MCOB regulated. If the borrowing would be MCOB regulated, these assets must be pledged to secure conventional facilities only as it is not possible for EFG loans to be MCOB regulated.

Guarantee Premium

 A guarantee premium is payable to the Government to the value of 2% per annum on the reducing balance of the loan.
 Premiums will be reduced to 1.5% (i.e. a 25% discount) will be applied to premiums due and collected in 2009. This will be managed centrally by the Government’s collection agents; there is no requirement for the Bank to amend premium schedules.
 All premiums are paid quarterly by Direct Debit.
 It is essential that the direct debit in respect of the BIS premium be paid as it falls due for payment.

List of Eligible Lenders

The following main lenders will lend to eligible businesses under Enterprise Finance Guarantee:

 Airdrie Savings Bank
 Alliance and Leicester Commercial Bank
 Bank of Baroda
 Bank of Ireland (Northern Ireland)
 Bank of Scotland
 Barclays
 Business Enterprise Fund
 Business Finance Solutions
 Clydesdale/Yorkshire Bank
Compass Business Finance
 The Co-operative Bank
 DSL Business Finance
 Finance For Enterprise
 GLE oneLondon
 HSBC
 HBOS
 Lloyds TSB
 Metro Bank
 NEL Fund Managers
 Northern Bank (Northern Ireland)
 RBS/Natwest
 Santander
 Skipton Business Finance
 State Securities
 South West Investment Group
 Triodos Bank
 UK Steel Enterprises
 Ulster Bank (Northern Ireland)
 Whiteaway Laidlaw Bank
 Venture Finance
 Yorkshire Bank

Comparison with its predecessor, The Small Firms Loan Guarantee Scheme, SFLG

The objectives of SFLG are summarised in the 2004 Graham Report, which carried out a wide-ranging review of the scheme:

 "The aim of SFLG is to assist viable, debt-appropriate businesses that lack sufficient collateral to access loan finance in the market. In line with other interventions, SFLG should be used only in circumstances of market failure, where a viable business is unable to raise finance under conventional terms. SFLG forms part of the Government’s portfolio of interventions in the debt and equity markets, and, as such, it is designed to support the Government’s objectives."

The Small Firm Loan Guarantee scheme went through various small changes during its life, from 1981 to 13 January 2009:
 Refer to the 2008/9 annual report on SFLG for a summary of the main structural and eligibility changes in each year.

The scheme has consistently been focused on new start up and early stage businesses.
 From December 2006 to January 2008 the scheme was only available to businesses established less than five years.

The maximum loan under the scheme was £250,000.

For loans written from April 2003 the guarantee rate was 75%.
  Earlier loans had guarantee rate of between 70% and 85%.
  There was no cap on the total of claims that could be submitted by each participating bank.

In its peak years of take-up (1995 and 1996), just over 7,000 loans were guaranteed in each year.  The Graham Review saw a general tightening of eligibility criteria.
 In the year to March 2008, 2,619 loans were issued, with £207 million advanced.
 1,100 of those loans were for amounts of less than or equal to £50,000, and a further 908 loans were for amounts of between £50,001 and £100,000.
 In the period April 2008 to January 2009, £178 million was advanced under the scheme, which represented 49% of the £360m limits allocated to all the participating banks.

The default rate on SFLG loans has been consistently high:
  The 2004 Graham Report quotes an average default rate of 30 to 35%, equating to bad debt losses after capital repayments and any recoveries of around 20%.
  The peak default rate was seen for loans written in 1989/ 1990, when the default rate exceeded 50%.
  The post-Graham loans, those loans written from December 2005 onwards, were envisaged to have a better default rate than earlier loans.  But by August 2009 already 21% of all loans written since December 2005 had defaulted - similar to the experience of preGraham tranches.

In the year 2008/9 the total amount paid out by the Government to banks under the guarantees was £84.6m.

Progress on EFG

In his Pre Budget Report of 9 December 2009  the Chancellor advised that:

in January we launched the Enterprise Finance Guarantee which has already offered government guarantees on bank loans to over 6,000 businesses.

Today I have decided to extend this scheme for a further 12 months which will guarantee a further £500m of loans to small businesses.

References

1.www.cbpartners.org/images/Minutes-Burnley-Forum/EFG-Scheme.doc

2.http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/gsdDetail?r.lc=en&type=GSD&searchQueryId=1021&searchTerm=enterprise+finance+guarantee&page=1&itemId=1081834978&searchId=3&refpage=4

3.http://www.hsbc.co.uk/1/2/business/finance-borrowing/enterprise-finance-guarantee

4.http://www.lloydstsbbusiness.com/finance/enterprisefinanceguarantee.asp

5.http://bytestart.co.uk/content/finance/funding/Enterprise-Finance-Guarantee-Scheme.shtml

6.http://www.bytestart.co.uk/content/finance/43_1/efp-scheme-progress.shtml

7.http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/graham_review_loan_guarantee.htm

8.http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file52193.pdf

9.http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file47204.pdf

Government of the United Kingdom
Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
Finance in the United Kingdom


Hans Freiherr von Türckheim (May 27, 1853, Karlsruhe - February 7, 1920 also in Karlsruhe) was a German lawyer, naturalist and plant collector.

Having completed his studies of jurisprudence, Baron (Freiherr) Türckheim  left Germany in 1877 and spent the following 30 years as coffee farmer and German consul in Cobán, Guatemala. He made extended botanical explorations of that country and after returning to Germany in 1908, he was asked by Ignatz Urban to undertake a botanical exploration of the mountains of then Santo Domingo (now Hispaniola), which he did in the years 1909–10.

His Guatemalan collections were described by John Donnell Smith in his Enumeratio Plantarum Guatemalensium, and his Hispaniolan plants were treated in Urban's Symbolae Antillanae Vol. VIII

The genus Tuerckheimia  (Arecaceae) as well as many plant species were named after him, for instance, Zamia tuerckheimii (a cycad from Guatemala), Tolumnia tuerckheimii (an orchid from Hispaniola) and Canna tuerckheimii.

External links
  Obituary (Allgemeine botanische Zeitschrift für Systematik, Floristik, Pflanzengeographie etc p. 33)
 Biographical note by A. Knunker, Gartenflora 70:19-22. 1921 cited in  Botanical Abstracts 10:235,1922 on GoogleBooks

20th-century German botanists
1853 births
1920 deaths
Botanists active in the Caribbean
Botanists active in South America
19th-century German botanists


St. Joseph's Catholic College (formerly St Joseph's Comprehensive School) is a secondary school in Swindon, England. The school opened in 1958 and was the town's first Catholic school, offering education to students aged 11 to 16. Today it remains the only Roman Catholic secondary education provider in Swindon, but is open to other religions. It is a mixed sex school with c.1,370 pupils and has had academy status since August 2011. The school's core values are; Respect, Inclusivity, Equality, Nurturing, Growth, and Accountability.

Pupils
As the only Catholic Secondary school in Swindon, it is culturally diverse, taking pupils from all over Swindon and the surrounding villages. There are five Catholic feeder schools in Swindon: Holy Cross, Holy Family, Holy Rood, St Catherine's and St Mary's. The school ceased to provide post-16 education effective September 2017, with the Year 12 class of September 2016 remaining as the final year of post-16 education, to leave the school in the summer of 2018.

Ofsted
The College was rated as good in all areas by Ofsted in its report published in 2014, and this assessment was confirmed at a short inspection in January 2018.

Governance
Jerry Giles is the Principal. Miss Jessica Higgins is the Chair of Governors.

Notable alumni
 Andrew Pierce, journalist, broadcaster and Consultant Editor of the Daily Mail
 Raymond Edward O'Sullivan, song-writer and singer, known as Gilbert O'Sullivan

References

External links

Catholic secondary schools in the Diocese of Clifton
Secondary schools in Swindon
Academies in Swindon


The House of Jamalullail is the current ruling house of the state of Perlis in Malaysia.

It was founded in 1843 together with the formation of the state of Perlis as a monarchy, after the Sultan of Kedah, Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin II gave his endorsement to the Jamalullail family for the secession of Perlis from Kedah with the Jamalullail family as its hereditary rulers.

Before the House of Jamalullail ascended to rule as Rajas of Perlis, the most prominent title in Perlis was the Raja Muda or Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Perlis and Kedah (crown prince of Perlis and Kedah), a title comparable to Prince of Wales within the United Kingdom. Sultan Dhiauddin II of Kedah who built Kota Indera Kayangan as his capital was honorifically titled as Raja Muda of Perlis and Kedah. He was titled as such in a treaty to cede Province Wellesley.

The hereditary ruler of Perlis is also the head of its royal household. Unlike most of the other Malaysian states with its own hereditary rulers which are accorded with the title of "Sultan", the hereditary rulers of Perlis are accorded with the title of "Raja". As with other rulers from other states in Malaysia, the Raja of Perlis participate in the election of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and is qualified to serve a five-year term as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong if elected.

History

Origins

The Jamalullail (; also pronounced  in Arabic) clan was of Hadhrami Arab origin and founded as an offshoot from the greater Alawi lineage in the 15th century. The name "Jamal Al-Layl" is loosely translated into English as "Camel of the night"; legend mentioned of its clan founder, Muhammad Jamal Al-Layl had a habit of wandering around at night to fill the wells and fountains of the mosques. Members of the Jamal Al-Layl clan migrated to Madagascar, Zanzibar, India, Aceh, Comoros and Malaysia, where descendants of these migrants either rose to influential political positions or established ruling houses.

The ancestor of the Jamalullail clan of Perlis, Sayyid Ahmad bin Husayn Jamal Al-Layl, migrated to Kedah from Hadhramaut sometime in 1735 and married the daughter from an Arab-Malay family, Sharifah Aminah Al-Qadri. He settled in Chana village, which was on the border of Siam and Kedah at that time. He earned his living as a trader and was reportedly a well-respected figure in the state. Sayyid Ahmad's son with Sharifah Aminah, Sayyid Harun followed his father's footsteps as a trader, in addition to being a well-known religious scholar. He was later admitted into the Kedah royal court and became a close aide of the Sultan of Kedah, Ahmad Tajuddin (II) Halim Shah. He later married a princess from the Kedah royal family, Tengku Safiah, and was later made the Penghulu (district chief) of Arau in 1797.

Establishment

When the Thai army invaded and occupied Kedah between 1821 and 1842, local Arab families supported the Sultan's efforts to lead resistance efforts against Thai rule. Arab leaders employed a two-pronged approach of religious militancy and diplomacy to free Kedah from Thai rule, among which the Jamal Al-Layl family played a leading role in these efforts and often carried out negotiations to persuade the Thais to regain the state's independence. The Thais later agreed to restore the Sultan of Kedah to his throne in 1842. The following year, Sayyid Hussein Jamal Al-Layl from Chana (now in Songkhla, Thailand) was installed by the Thais as the first Raja of Perlis, after the Sultan of Kedah gave his endorsement for the formation of Perlis.

Succession dispute

In 1933, the fourth Raja of Perlis, Syed Alwi Jamalullail looked to the State Council to elect an heir presumptive to the royal throne of Perlis. The State Council chose Syed Hassan among several possible contenders as the heir-presumptive. Syed Hassan was a nephew by his older half-brother Syed Mahmud. An illness struck Syed Hassan the following year; he died shortly after that.

The State Council held another vote, and elected Syed Hassan's son, Syed Putra as the new heir presumptive. Another contender, Syed Hamzah, a younger half-brother of Syed Alwi and the Vice-President of the state council, dissented on the outcome of the choice as it ran afoul of the Islamic inheritance laws. The Raja (Syed Alwi) and the British maintained their support for Syed Putra, but as Syed Alwi fell ill at the outbreak of World War II in 1941, Syed Hamzah seized the opportunity to exert influence over the political affairs of the state. Following the demise of Syed Alwi in 1943, Syed Hamzah was installed as the Raja of Perlis, with the support of the Japanese. When the British returned in 1945, Syed Hamzah abdicated under pressure from the British and moved in to install Syed Putra as the Raja of Perlis.

After World War II

The Raja of Perlis took part in the first Conference of Rulers and the first election of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and his deputy in 1948 and 1957 respectively, both of which were also participated by the eight other Malayan states with its own hereditary rulers. In 1960, Syed Putra became the third Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia and served a five-year term from 1960 to 1965.

List of penghulus of Arau (1797–1843) and rajas of Perlis (1843–present)

 Syed Abu Bakar Harun Jamalullail (1797–1825)
 Syed Hussein Jamalullail (1825–1873) (independent Raja of Perlis )
 Syed Ahmad Jamalullail (1873–1887)
 Syed Saffi Jamalullail (1887–1905)
 Syed Alwi Jamalullail (1905–1943)
 Syed Hamzah Jamalullail (1943–1945) (abdicated)
 Syed Harun Putra Jamalullail (1945–2000)
 Syed Sirajuddin Jamalullail (2000–present)

See also

 Monarchies of Malaysia
 Family tree of Perlis monarchs
 Family tree of Malaysian monarchs

Notes

References

 Anne K. Bang, Sufis and Scholars of the Sea: Family Networks in East Africa, 1860-1925, Routledge, 2003,
 Central Office of Information. Reference Division, Commonwealth survey, Published for the Central Office of Information by H.M.S.O., 1960
 Europa Publications Staff, The Far East and Australasia 2003, Routledge, 2002,
 Gulrose Karim, D J M Tate, Information Malaysia, Berita publications, 2005
 Institut Tadbiran Awam Negara, Malaysia kita, 1991,
 J. M. Gullick, Rulers and Residents: Influence and Power in the Malay States, 1870-1920, Oxford University Press, 1992,
 Mahani Musa, Kongsi Gelap Melayu di Negeri-Negeri Utara Pantai Barat Semenanjung Tanah Melayu, 1821 hingga 1940-an, Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 2003,
 Ruth Barnes, Ships and the Development of Maritime Technology on the Indian Ocean, Routledge, 2002,
 Ulrike Freitag, W. G. Clarence-Smith, Hadhrami Traders, Scholars, and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s: 1750s- 1960s, BRILL, 1997,

External links
 Official Web Portal of the royal family of Perlis (in Malay and English)

.
History of Perlis
Perlis
Hadhrami people
Malaysian people of Yemeni descent
1843 establishments in Asia
1840s establishments in British Malaya
1843 establishments in the British Empire


Samartín de Sierra is one of 54 parish councils in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The parish's villages include: Anderbe, Brueḷḷes, Cierades, Ḷḷamas del Mouru, Samartín, Tabladieḷḷu, Tandes and Valcabu.

Other small places are: L'Auteiru, La Calea, El Calvariu, El Campu, El Campu Pandu, El Canalón, La Casa d'Abaxu, La Casa d'Arriba, Fontarmada d'Abaxu, Fontarmada d'Arriba, Fontuel, La Irieḷḷa, Ḷḷamas, El Mouru, El Pizarreiru, La Tiera, Valdelaforca, El Vaḷḷagón, Vamba, La Veiga, La Venta, La Viḷḷa Abaxu, La Viḷḷa Arriba, and El Xardín.

References

Parishes in Cangas del Narcea


William Percival Meates (1875–1910) was an English professional footballer who made 14 appearances in the Football League playing for Small Heath. He played as a goalkeeper.

Meates was born in Bournemouth, which was then in Hampshire. He began his football career with Eastbourne before joining Small Heath in 1895. He took over from Jim Roach as first-team goalkeeper in the middle of the 1895–96 season after the club had suffered some heavy defeats. Meates made his debut on 3 February 1896 in a 3–0 defeat at Everton, and retained the starting place for the remainder of the season, but failed to stop the rot sufficiently for Small Heath to avoid relegation via the test match system. He played only twice the next season, having surrendered the goalkeeper's jersey to Ernest Pointer, and left for Warmley of the Southern League in 1897. The following year he had an unsuccessful trial with Nottingham Forest.

References

1875 births
1910 deaths
Footballers from Bournemouth
English men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Eastbourne Town F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
English Football League players
Date of birth missing
Date of death missing
Warmley F.C. players


The Leaning Tower in Yosemite National Park is a popular destination for rock climbers. It is located west of, and adjacent to Bridalveil Fall, on the south side of the Merced River in Yosemite Valley. The rock is considered to be a strenuous climb, requiring approximately three days to climb to the summit. It is said to be a  climb.

External links

Rock formations of Yosemite National Park
Landforms of Mariposa County, California


The Argonaut Handicap was an American Thoroughbred horse race first run in 1940 at Hollywood Park Racetrack in Inglewood, California. A one-mile race on dirt, it was open to horses age three and older.

In 1956, Swaps won this race while setting a new world record for one mile with time of 1:33 1/5.

It was last run in 1978.

Winners
1978 - Radar Ahead
1977 - Text
1976 - L'Heureux
1975 - Forceten
1974 - Carry The Banner
1973 - Out of the East
1972 - Kentuckian
1971 - Violonor
1970 - Western Welcome
1969 - Tell
1968 - First Mate
1967 - Tumble Wind
1966 - Exhibitionist
1965 - Carpenter's Rule
1964 - Close By
1963 - Oppo
1962 - Doc Jocoy
1961 - Mr. America
1960 - T. V. Lark
1959 - Hillsdale
1958 - Round Table
1957 - Terrang
1956 - Swaps
1955 - Curragh King
1954 - Curragh King
1953 - Fleet Bird
1952 - Admiral Drake
1951 - Be Fleet
1950 - Old Rockport
1949 - Ace Admiral
1948 - Shannon
1947 - Olhaverry
1946 - Occupy
1944 - Okana
1941 - Joy Boy
1940 - Specify

References

 1948 Time magazine article on Shannon and his win in the Argonaut Handicap
 New York Times article on Hillsdale's win in the 1959 Argonaut Handicap

Discontinued horse races in the United States
Horse races in California
Hollywood Park Racetrack
Graded stakes races in the United States
Recurring sporting events established in 1940
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 1978
1940 establishments in California
1978 disestablishments in California


Manfred Lahnstein (born 20 December 1937) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). In 1982 he was German Federal Minister of Finance as well as Federal Minister of Economics and until 2004 worked for the media conglomerate Bertelsmann.

Early life
The son of a country doctor in Erkrath, Manfred Lahnstein grew up with three siblings.

Career
In 1982, Lahnstein became West Germany's minister of finance under Helmut Schmidt. To 1983 he was professional politician. In 1983 Manfred Lahnstein was recruited by Bertelsmann AG in Gütersloh, from the Bundestag. At Bertelsmann, he was initially on the board responsible for printing and industrial enterprises, and moved in 1994 as a member of the Supervisory Board. From 1998 to 2004 he worked for the Bertelsmann Group, as special representative of the Board.

From 1986, he is professor of culture and media management at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg.

Since 1994, he heads in Hamburg the consulting firm Lahnstein & Partners, International Consultants.

Since 1996, he is Chairman of the Board of Trustees of one of Germany's largest private foundations, the ZEIT-Stiftung.

He was the first German and Non-Jew to become Chairman of the Board of Governors at the University of Haifa in 2001, where he had been Governor since 1996. The Bucerius Institute for Research of Contemporary German History and Society at the University of Haifa was founded in 2001 on this occasion by the ZEIT-Stiftung.

In February 2009, he was appointed to the Supervisory Board of the London-based investment company Berger Lahnstein Middelhoff & Partners LLP (BLM Partners).

Lahnstein is an adviser to the Saudi conglomerate Olayan Group and the investment bank Rothschild.

Personal life
Lahnstein is married to Sonja Lahnstein-Kandel. They live in Hamburg and have one daughter and a son from his first marriage.

Other activities
 Friedrich Ebert Foundation (FES), Member

References

External links
Curriculum vitae of Prof. Dres. h.c. Manfred Lahnstein on Bucerius Institute for Research of Contemporary German History and Society, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.

1937 births
Living people
Members of the Bundestag for North Rhine-Westphalia
Members of the Bundestag 1983–1987
Finance ministers of Germany
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Heads of the German Chancellery
Members of the Bundestag for the Social Democratic Party of Germany


John Watson (1685 – August 22, 1768) was an early American painter, born in Scotland.

Early life
Watson was born in Scotland in 1685, probably near Dumfries. He worked initially painting house interiors, before turning to portraiture.

Work in America
In 1715 he emigrated to Perth Amboy, New Jersey.  Watson bought property in the city east of Rector Street and south of St. Peter's Episcopal Church on the Perth Amboy bluffs and built himself a house in which to reside and one to keep his paintings.  Early historian William Dunlap believed this to be the first collection of art in America.  In 1776, his nephew, Alexander Watson, who was heir to his estate, withdrew from Perth Amboy, which was under pressure from colonial forces under General Hugh Mercer.  Soldiers raided Watson's collection and, according to Dunlap, probably distributed and destroyed many of the portraits of English heroes and kings.  Contrary to Dunlap's knowledge, however, numerous portraits by Watson still exist today.  The Historical Society of Pennsylvania has a portrait of Governor William Keith (shown on the left) and his wife, Lady Ann Keith née Newberry or Newbury, and the Brooklyn Museum has his portrait of Governor Lewis Morris.  The New Jersey Historical Society has two portraits: one of William Eier, the first mayor of Perth Amboy, and one of Governor William Burnet.  Watson died in 1768 and is buried in St. Peter's Episcopal Cemetery in Perth Amboy.

Gallery

Artworks

Attributed artworks

References

Sources
 Inventories of American Painting (IAP), Smithsonian Institution Research Information System(SIRIS): http://sirismm.si.edu/siris/aboutari.htm

1685 births
1768 deaths
18th-century American painters
18th-century American male artists
American male painters
Scottish emigrants to the United States
18th-century Scottish painters
Scottish male painters
People from Dumfries and Galloway
People from Perth Amboy, New Jersey
Painters from New Jersey
Scottish portrait painters
American portrait painters


This is a list of mandolinists, people who don't just play the mandolin but who are known because of their affiliation to the instrument.

Dave Apollon
Pietro Armanini
Jeff Austin of Yonder Mountain String Band
Avi Avital
Butch Baldassari
Jacob do Bandolim
Edgar Bara
Giuseppe Bellenghi
Wayne Benson
Bartolomeo Bortolazzi
C. A. Bracco
Giuseppe Branzoli
Joseph Brent
Jesse Brock
Kenneth C. "Jethro" Burns
Sam Bush
Raffaele Calace
Luigi Castellacci
Giovanni Cifolelli
Mike Compton
Ry Cooder
Ritchie Blackmore of Blackmore's Night
Jules Cottin
Ferdinando de Cristofaro
Dash Crofts of Seals and Crofts
Pietro Denis
John Duffey of The Country Gentlemen and The Seldom Scene
Herbert J. Ellis
Matt Flinner
Giovanni Fouchetti
Dorina Frati
Carlo Antonio Gambara
Jimmy Gaudreau of The Country Gentlemen
Vince Gill
David Gilmour
David Grisman
David Harvey
Levon Helm
Hamilton de Holanda
George H. Hucke
Sierra Hull
Andy Irvine of Sweeney's Men, Planxty, Patrick Street and Mozaik
Ray Jackson of Lindisfarne, who played mandolin on Maggie May
Sarah Jarosz
Cosmo Jarvis
Kurt Jensen
Paul Kelly
Kevin Jonas
John Paul Jones of Led Zeppelin
Michael Kang of The String Cheese Incident
Cheyenne Kimball formerly of Gloriana
Wenzel Krumpholz
Doyle Lawson of Doyle Lawson And Quicksilver
Salvator Léonardi
Ira Louvin
Fabio Machado
Martie Maguire of Dixie Chicks and Court Yard Hounds
Evan Marshall
Mike Marshall
Simon Mayor
Ronnie McCoury of The Del McCoury Band
Jesse McReynolds
Eduardo Mezzacapo
Barry Mitterhoff
Bill Monroe
Tiny Moore
Johnny Moynihan
Carlo Munier
Tim O'Brien
Mike Oldfield
Ugo Orlandi
Bobby Osborne
Peter Ostroushko
Bernardo de Pace
W. Eugene Page
Giuseppe Pettine
Jean Pietrapertosa
Yank Rachell
U. Rajesh
Silvio Ranieri
Déo Rian
Emily Robison of the Dixie Chicks and the Court Yard Hounds
Sandy Rothman, with the Jerry Garcia Acoustic Band
Samuel Siegel
Giuseppe Silvestri
Sinn Sisamouth
Herschel Sizemore of the Dixie Gentlemen, Jimmy Martin, and Bluegrass Cardinals
Ricky Skaggs
U. Srinivas (1969 – 2014) of Shakti
Johnny Staats of Johnny Staats & The Delivery Boys
Andy Statman
Adam Steffey
Alison Stephens
Dinesh Subasinghe
Marty Stuart
Chris Thile of Punch Brothers and Nickel Creek
Niall Toner
Graham Townsend
Joe Val
Rhonda Vincent
Seth Weeks
Frank Wakefield
Roland White
Chris Leslie of Fairport Convention
Dave Swarbrick of Fairport Convention

References

Mandolinist


San Pedru d'Arbas is one of 54 parish councils in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Its villages include: Caldeviḷḷa d'Arbas, La Ḷḷinde, Rubial, San Pedru d'Arbas, and Sucarral.

References

Parishes in Cangas del Narcea


{{Infobox person
| name = Henry Hübchen
| image = Henry Hubchen.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Henry Hübchen in Karlovy Vary (2009)
| birth_date =
| birth_name = Henry Hübchen
| birth_place = Berlin, Germany
| years_active = 1971–present
| occupation = actor
| spouse =
| awards = German Film Awards, Best Actor 2005 Alles auf Zucker!}}Henry Hübchen' (born 20 February 1947 in Berlin) is a German actor who played the title character in the award-winning 2004 film Go for Zucker. That performance earned him a Lola, Germany's equivalent of an Oscar,  and critical praise at home and abroad. He was raised in East Berlin, in what was then East Germany.

Praise for Zucker
Critic David Denby praised his performance in Zucker, writing "veteran German theater and film actor Henry Hübchen gives this middle-aged rogue a Bellovian gusto. Hübchen has the eyes of a gentle bull and a teenager's manic energy." The New York Times said the character, Jaeckie Zucker, "suggests a German Jewish Rodney Dangerfield in his gleeful boorishness."

Other work and background
In an August 2004 profile, German public broadcaster Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk said Hübchen is best known in Germany for a role on the long-running television series Polizeiruf 110. The profile says that before coming to film, he was a failed physics student, wrote songs for the East German rock group City and was twice East German windsurfing champion (in 1980 and 1981).

According to the article he studied drama in Berlin and Magdeburg. He won the Berlin Theater Award (Theaterpreis Berlin) in 2000.

He has two daughters, Theresa and Franziska, with his wife Sanna Hübchen.

Selected filmography
  (1993)
 The Big Mambo (1998)
  (1999, TV film)
 Sonnenallee (1999)
  (2001)
 Polizeiruf 110 (2003–2005, TV series, 5 episodes)
  (2004)
 Go for Zucker (2004)
  (2005, TV film)
 Mordshunger (2008, TV film)
  (2008)
  (2009)
 Lila, Lila (2009)
 Young Goethe in Love (2010)
  (2011)
  (2012)
  (2013)
 '' (2013)

References

External links

Living people
1947 births
German male film actors
German male television actors
20th-century German male actors
21st-century German male actors
Male actors from Berlin
Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni
German Film Award winners


David Nurse (born 12 October 1976) is an English former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Career
Nurse was born in King's Lynn, Norfolk and started his footballing career at Manchester City in 1995. He left the club after making no first team appearances during the 1995–96 season to sign for Millwall. He made his Millwall debut in a 4–1 defeat at home to Wimbledon on 1 October 1997 in the Football League Cup second round. He joined Brentford on loan on 26 March 1998, but made no appearances for the team. Following a spell at Barry Town in Wales, where he played in Europe away to Dynamo Kiev, he joined York City in August 1998 on non-contract terms, but was unable to make an appearance.

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Sportspeople from King's Lynn
English men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Manchester City F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
Brentford F.C. players
Barry Town United F.C. players
York City F.C. players
Footballers from Norfolk


The Country Gazette is a weekly newspaper serving the Massachusetts towns of Bellingham, Foxborough, Franklin, Medway, Millis, Norfolk, Plainville and Wrentham. The free paper is distributed to residents of these towns located along the Interstate 495 corridor on Fridays.

The Country Gazette is owned by GateHouse Media and falls under the umbrella of Community Newspaper Company which runs weekly and daily newspapers in Massachusetts including The MetroWest Daily News and The Milford Daily News.

Information that appears in the Country Gazette is also posted to eight Web sites hosted on www.wickedlocal.com, one dedicated to each of the eight towns.

Bellingham at www.wickedlocal.com/bellingham
Foxborough at www.wickedlocal.com/foxborough
Franklin at www.wickedlocal.com/franklin
Medway at www.wickedlocal.com/medway
Millis at www.wickedlocal.com/millis
Norfolk at www.wickedlocal.com/norfolk
Plainville at www.wickedlocal.com/plainville
Wrentham at www.wickedlocal.com/wrentham

The Country Gazette office is in Milford at 159 South Main Street. It was founded by William and Doris Baldwin in 1981. The free bi-weekly newspaper launched its first edition at the 1981 Franklin Trade Show. In the 1980s, the Gazette was direct-mailed each Wednesday to the towns of Franklin, Wrentham, Bellingham, Medway, Millis, Norfolk and Plainville. Ellen Albanese joined the staff as an editor and, within a few years, the paper grew to semi-weekly editions, with the advent of the Gazette's Weekender edition on Saturdays.

References

Newspapers published in Massachusetts


The National Taichung University of Education (NTCU; ) is a university in West District, Taichung, Taiwan. Founded in 1899 at the Confucian Temple in Changhwa county, it moved to the current site in 1923.

In 2005, the university was renamed National Taichung University of Education.  NTCU had a College of Education, College of Humanities and Liberal Arts, and College of Mathematics and Information Science.

History
In 1899, the school was established in the Changhua Wunwu Temple.

In 1902, the school was suspended and the students were transferred to the Taiwan Mandarin School and Tainan Normal School. In April 1923, the school was reestablished and classes were temporarily held in the Taichung Public School building (formerly named Chung-Hsiao Elementary School). A practical program was established with a maximum study period of seven years.

In April 1928, the main building (Administration Building) of the school was completed and an affiliated elementary school was established.

In April 1943, the school was upgraded to a teachers' school (junior college).

During the Japanese occupation of Taiwan in World War II, the school was administered by the Taiwan Governor-General Administration. In December 1945, the Nationalist government took over the school, which was renamed the Taiwan Provincial Taichung Normal School. A three-year program of general courses was instituted for junior high and vocational junior high graduates.

In September 1960, the school was upgraded and renamed the Taiwan Provincial Junior Teachers College, and a three-year program of elementary education courses was instituted for general and special education teachers, and senior high and vocational senior high graduates. In August 1963, the school initiated a five-year day program and an evening-school program for the training of elementary school teachers.

In July 1987, the school was upgraded and renamed the Taiwan Provincial Taichung Teachers College, which was composed of the Elementary Education Department, Language and Literacy Education Department, Social Studies Education Department, Mathematics and Science Education Department, and Early Childhood Teacher Education Program.

In July 1991, the college became affiliated with the Ministry of Education and was renamed the National Taichung Teachers College. In August 1992, the college established the Graduate Institute of Elementary Education (renamed the Graduate Institute of Elementary and Secondary Education in August 1995), the Department of Early Childhood Education, and the Department of Fine Arts and Crafts Education.

In August 1993, the college established the Department of Music Education and the Department of Special Education. In August 1997, the college established the Graduate Institute of Educational Measurement and Statistics. In August 1998, the college established the Department of Physical Education and the Graduate Institute of Environmental Education, and divided the Mathematics and Science Education Department into the Department of Mathematics Education and the Department of Natural Science Education (including the master's program).

In August 1999, the college established a master's program in the Department of Mathematics Education. In August 2000, the college established the Graduate Institute of Counseling and Educational Psychology and a doctoral program in the Graduate Institute of Elementary and Secondary Education. In August 2001, the college established the Graduate Institute of Special Education and Assistive Technology and a master's program in the Department of Language and Literacy Education. In August 2002, the college established a master's program in the Department of Social Studies Education. In August 2003, the college established the Department of Early Childhood Education and a master's program in the Department of Fine Arts and Crafts. In August 2004, the college established the Department of Taiwanese Languages, the Department of Information Science, a doctoral program in the Department of Language and Literacy Education, the Graduate Institute of Curriculum and Instruction, the Graduate Institute of Instructional Technology, and the Graduate Institute of Early Intervention. The Graduate Institute of Elementary and Secondary Education and the Department of Elementary Education were combined and named the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education.

In August 2005, the college was upgraded and renamed the National Taichung University (NTCU), and the Department of English Education, the Department of Digital Content and Technology, the master's program in the Department of Physical Education, the master's program in the Department of Music Education, and the doctoral program in the Graduate Institute of Educational Measurement and Statistics were all established.

In August 2006, the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education was renamed the Department of Education; the Department of Fine Arts and Crafts Education was renamed the Department of Fine Arts; the Department of Music Education was renamed the Department of Music; the Department of Natural Science Education was renamed the Department of Science Application and Dissemination; the Department of English Education was renamed the Department of English; the Graduate Institute of Counseling and Educational Psychology established an undergraduate program and was renamed the Department of Counseling and Applied Psychology; the Graduate Institute of Special Education and Assistive Technology was merged into the Department of Special Education; and the Graduate Institute of Instructional Technology was merged into the Department of Digital Content and Technology.

In August 2008, the university added the Department of International Business, the Graduate Institute of Business Administration, the Graduate Institute of Tourism and Recreation Management, and the bachelor's degree Program of Cultural and Creative Industrial Development.

In January 2009, NTCU set up the Contact Office for National Taichung University in Bangkok Thailand and also contracted with Rajamangala University of Technology in Thailand. In March 2009, NTCU contracted and consulted joint program with Kent State University, USA. In April 2009, NTCU contracted with Changchun Normal University, China. In June 2009, NTCU contracted with Ashland University, USA. Department of Social Studies Education, NTCU, signed up the memorandum of joint program with Kent State University.

In July 2009, NTCU held the 2009 China and Taiwan student debate competition. NTCU contracted with University of Da Nang, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi University, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, ...etc., in Vietnam and  Zhangzhou City University, China.

In October 2009, NTCU opened up the overseas Chinese Language MA Program. In December 2009, NTCU established Sustainable Tourism Center and contracted with Zhanjiang Normal University, China.
In January 2010, NTCU was awarded “2008 Friendly Campus” from MOE and contracted with HUE University, College of Sciences and Humanities in HUE, College of Education in HUE, and College of Economics in HUE, Vietnam.

In February 2010, “Teacher Model ‧ Poetry Trail” public art on campus (「師道‧詩道」校園公共藝術)  was opened.

In April 2010, NTCU contracted with Tianjin Normal University. In June 2010, NTCU contracted with Osaka Kyoiku University, Japan.

In August 2010, the English name of university was changed to the National Taichung University of Education (NTCU).

In August 2010, Dr. Yang Szu-Wei reappointed as the president of NTCU.

University profile and statistics
Distribution of Faculty by Rank
Professors: 46 (23.83%)
Associate Professors: 86 (44.55%)
Assistant Professors: 49(26.94%)
Instructors: 9 (4.66%)
Educational Background of Faculty
Doctorate: 164 (84.97%)
Master's: 29 (15.02%)
Number of Students: 4,654
Undergraduates: 3,129(67.23%)
Graduate Students: 717(15.41%)
Doctoral Students: 94(2.02%)
Extension Education: 714(15.34%)
Total Area of the University: 12.0827 hectares
Main (Minsheng) Campus: 7.9227 hectares
Yingtsai Campus : 2.06 hectares
Affiliated Experimental Elementary School: 2.1 hectares
Total Floor Space: 97,382 square meters

Academic departments
College of Education
Department of Education (with MA/PhD)
Department of Special Education (with MA)
Department of Physical Education (with MA)
Department of Early Childhood Education (with MA)
Graduate Institute of Educational Measurement and Statistics (with PhD)
College of Management
Department of International Business
Bachelor's degree Program of Cultural & Creative Industrial Development
Master Program of Business Administration
Master Program of Sustainable Tourism and Recreation Management
College of Science
Department of Mathematics Education (with MS)
Department of Computer and Information Science (with MS)
Department of Digital Content and Technology (with MS)
Department of Science Application and Dissemination (with MS)
College of Humanities
Department of Regional and Social Development (with MA)
Department of Taiwanese Languages and Literature
Department of Language and Literacy Education (with MA/PhD)
Department of English
Department of Counseling and Applied Psychology (with MA)
Department of Music (with MA)
Department of Fine Arts (with MA)
  National Taichung University of Education official English website (For foreign students)

Faculty professional development
On February 1, 2007, the Center for Faculty Professional Development was established with an aim to assist the school faculty in improving teaching quality.

Services

Library resources and services
The library is located at the north side of the campus. The library collection currently has more than 810,000 items, which includes 337,874 volumes of Chinese and foreign books, 170,580 kinds of e-books, 682 kinds of serials publications, 11,480 kinds of e-journals, 73 kinds of databases, 18,997 audio materials, 269,917 filmcards and newspapers, maps ... etc.

Information system service
The Computer Center provides information system and networking services for the faculty.

National Taichung University's Administrative System
FTP space, on-line forum, blog and wiki services
E-learning system
Campus portal
PC troubleshooting service
Laboratory practice and printing service
Site licensed software including Windows XP, Windows Vista, Office XP/2003/2007, and antivirus software.

Education

General education
Starting from 2004, the General Education courses were divided into six categories.

Languages and Literature (2 credits): domestic languages, foreign languages, appreciation of literature, classics, etc.
Humanities and Social Science (4 credits): philosophy, social sciences, cultural studies, law, civic education, interpersonal communication, etc.
Mathematics and Information Science (4 credits): mathematics, natural sciences, technology and information science, etc.
Art education (4 credits): music, fine arts, dance, etc.
Physical and Health education (2 credits): health education, sports, physical education, etc.
Comprehensive education (2 credits): national defense education, general education lecture series, science and technology integration, etc.

Teacher education
The Teacher Education Center consists of two divisions: (1) Curriculum and Instruction; (2) Practicum and Counseling. The Division of Curriculum and Instruction is in charge of: (1) the selection of applicants for elementary education, young children education, special education, and general education programs; (2) the curriculum plan and course selection of the education programs; and (3) the selection, training, and evaluation of the Scholarship for Excellence in Teacher Education. The Division of Practicum and Guidance is responsible for: (1) organizing activities of education guidance for the local areas; (2) assisting students in their teacher education practicum, graduate internship, and teacher education forum; (3) accrediting the teacher qualification examination; and (4) publishing pamphlets or journals related to teacher education.
d to prepare loving and dedicated educators.

See also
 List of universities in Taiwan

References

External links

  National Taichung University of Education official English website
  National Taichung University of Education official English website (For foreign students)

1923 establishments in Taiwan
Universities and colleges established in 1923
Universities and colleges in Taichung
Teachers colleges


Santiáu de Sierra is one of 54 parish councils in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Its villages include: Becerrales, Cadrixuela, La Castañal, Bendieḷḷu, Nandu, Parrondu, Santiagu and Siasu.

References

Parishes in Cangas del Narcea


Robléu de Teinás is one of 54 parish councils in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Its villages include:  Castieḷḷu, Zreizalí, Chanos, Parada la Viecha, Porciles, Robléu de Teinás and Teinás.

References

Parishes in Cangas del Narcea


Kulothunga was the name of several later Chola kings in India:
 Kulothunga I, reigned 1070–1120
 Kulothunga II, reigned 1135–1150
 Kulothunga III, reigned 1178–1218


"The Galton Whistle" is a science fiction short story  by American writer  L. Sprague de Camp, a story in his Viagens Interplanetarias series. It is the first (chronologically) set on the planet Vishnu. It was first published, as "Ultrasonic God," in the magazine Future Combined with Science Fiction Stories in the issue for July, 1951. It first appeared in book form under the present title (that preferred by the author) in the collection The Continent Makers and Other Tales of the Viagens, published in hardcover by Twayne Publishers in 1953, and in paperback by Signet Books in 1971. It also appeared in the anthologies Novelets of Science Fiction (Belmont Books, 1963, under the original title), The Good Old Stuff (St. Martin's Griffin, 1998), and The Good Stuff (Science Fiction Book Club, 1999).  The story has been translated into Portuguese, Dutch, and Italian.

Plot
Surveyor Adrian Frome, one of a three-member survey team working in the jungles of the planet Vishnu, is captured by the centaur-like Dzlieri natives after his supervisor is killed and the third member deserts. Taken to their base, he finds them taking orders from Sirat Mongkut, a Terran previously lost in the area, who is pretending to be a god and has ambitions of uniting the Dzlieri tribes under himself as emperor. He uses an ultrasonic whistle than only the Dzlieri can hear to bolster his authority. Another captive is Elena Millán, a female missionary who had also gone missing. Faced with the choice of joining his captor's cause or death, Frome pretends to enlist, while actually seeking an opportunity to thwart the madman's grandiose scheme and escape. When it arises, he kills Sirat and absconds with Elena, making for the peak that was the goal of the survey, from which he hopes to signal for aid. Successfully rescued, he puts in for a transfer to Ganesha, another world in the star system to escape Elena in turn; having formed a romantic liaison with her, he has since discovered she is an incurable fanatic.

Setting
The planet Vishnu is a tropical world occupying the same star system as Krishna, de Camp's primary setting for the Viagens Interplanetarias series.

As dated in The Continent Makers and Other Tales of the Viagens and the 1959 version of de Camp's essay "The Krishna Stories", "The Galton Whistle" takes place in the year 2117 CE.

Notes

1951 short stories
Short stories by L. Sprague de Camp
Fiction set around Tau Ceti
Works originally published in Future Science Fiction and Science Fiction Stories


Tubongu is one of the 54 parish councils in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Its villages include: Antráu, Xavita, Portieḷḷa, El Puelu, Pontelinfiernu, Robléu Biforcu and Tubongu.

References

Parishes in Cangas del Narcea


Guilherme Figueiredo (1915–1997) was a Brazilian dramatist. He is best known for his play The Fox and the Grapes (A raposa e as uvas) in 1953 about Aesop's life.

20th-century Brazilian dramatists and playwrights
Brazilian male dramatists and playwrights
1915 births
1997 deaths
20th-century Brazilian male writers


This is an outline of Sport in Bedfordshire, a county in England.

American football
The Bedfordshire Blue Raiders are members of the British American Football League.

Cricket
The Bedfordshire County Cricket Club is Bedfordshire's county cricket club. They are classed as one of the 'Minor Counties' in the English domestic cricket structure, representing the historic county of Bedfordshire in the Minor Counties Championship and the MCCA Knockout Trophy.

The club play most of their matches at Wardown Park, Luton.

Other cricket venues in the county include:
 Ampthill Park, Ampthill
 The Vale, Flitwick
 Goldington Bury, Bedford
 Lancot Park, Dunstable
 Southill Park Cricket Club, Southill
 Bedford Modern School, Bedford

The club has produced several cricketers who have made an impact on the first-class game:
 Louis Bookman
 Tom Clark
 Alastair Cook
 Alf Gover
 Wayne Larkins
 Geoff Millman
 Monty Panesar

Field hockey
Leighton Buzzard Hockey Club, established in 1901, have 4 Men's, 4 Ladies teams of all ability and a junior section; starting age of 5 years old.

Football
Luton Town Football Club is by far the most successful and supported team in the county, though there are numerous other teams competing at various levels. The Bedfordshire County Football Association is the governing body of football in the county, and run a number of cups at different levels for teams in the area.

Luton Town Football Club

Luton is the hometown of Luton Town Football Club who currently play in the Premier League, the 1st division of the English football league system after a five-year spell in the National Conference League (following their 30 point deduction from the Football League during the 2008/09 season), followed by back-to-back promotions in 2018 and 2019. After placing 3rd in the 2021-22 season they were put in the playoffs final against Coventry, after a 1-1 draw Luton won on penalties promoting them to the premier league. They are the biggest and most successful team in the county and have enjoyed spells in the highest flight of English football. Their nickname, "The Hatters", dates back to when Luton had a substantial millinery industry.

Levels 5-6
Conference National
The top flight of the Football Conference. Teams promoted from the Conference, pending they meet certain rules, are eligible to play in the English Football League.

Levels 7-8
Southern Football League

Luton Town FC was one of the 16 founding members of the league back in 1894. Currently, winners of the league are promoted to the Conference South (or North sometimes due to team balancing.

Division 1 Central
A.F.C. Dunstable
A.F.C. Kempston Rovers
Barton Rovers F.C.
Bedford Town F.C.
Biggleswade F.C.
Biggleswade Town F.C.

Levels 9-11
Spartan South Midlands League
The Spartan South Midlands League consists of teams from London and the Home Counties. The league feeds the Southern Football League and Isthmian League.

Premier League
Arlesey Town F.C.
Dunstable Town F.C.
Leighton Town F.C.
Division 1
Ampthill Town F.C.
Bedford F.C.
Langford F.C.
Stotfold F.C.
Division 2
The 61 F.C. (Luton)
Totternhoe F.C.

United Counties Football League
The United Counties Football League covers Northamptonshire and Bedfordshire, as well as parts of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire, and Lincolnshire. It has a total of four divisions: 2 first team, and 2 reserve team divisions. Clubs in the Premier Division are eligible to enter the FA Cup in the preliminary round stages, and those with floodlights are eligible to enter the FA Vase. There are also knockout cups for the Premier/Division One clubs and for the Reserve Divisions clubs.

Premier Division South
Biggleswade United F.C.
Potton United F.C.

Levels 11-15
Bedfordshire County Football League
Amateur teams in Bedfordshire compete in a league which comprises tiers 11-15 in the English football league system. The league has 71 members spread across five divisions. When a club wins the league championship, it also gains the opportunity to join either the United Counties Football League or the Spartan South Midlands League.

The league runs separate league cups for each division – the Premier Division clubs play for the Britannia Cup, Divisions One clubs play for the Centenary Cup, Division Two sides compete for the Jubilee Cup and Division Three teams play in the Watson Shield.

For the 2009–10 season, the teams are distributed thus:

(Levels 11-12 updated to 2021-22 season)

Premier Division
Level 11
AFC Kempston Town & Bedford College
AFC Oakley
Bedford Albion
Biggleswade F.C. Reserves
Biggleswade United F.C. U23
Caldecote
Cranfield United F.C.
Crawley Green Reserves
Elstow Abbey
Flitwick Town F.C.
Marston Shelton Rovers
Queens Park Crescents
Riseley Sports
Sharnbrook
Shefford Town & Campton Reserves
Stevington

Division One
Level 12
Arlesey Town U23
Barton Rovers Reserves
Cranfield United Reserves
Crawley Green U23
Flitwick Town Reserves
Henlow F.C.
Ickwell & Old Warden F.C.
KA Great Barford F.C.
Lea Sports PSG
Pitstone & Ivinghoe United Reserves
Potton United Reserves
Sporting Lewsey Park
St Josephs
Stotfold Development
Totternhoe Reserves
Wilstead

Division Two
Level 13
Bromham United
Cranfield United Reserves
Dunton
Eastcotts
Marabese Ceramics
Meltis Albion
Oakley Sports M&DH Reserves
Potton United Reserves
Queens Park Crescents
St. Joseph
Stopsley Park
Sundon Park Rangers
Westoning
Woburn Athletic

Division Three
Level 14
Bedford Park Rangers
Clifton
Goldington
Great Barford
Ickwell & Old Warden Reserves
Kempston Hammers Sports
Marsh Leys
Potton Town
Riseley Sports
Royal Oak Kempston
Stevington
Westoning Reserves
Wilshamstead Reserves

Division Four
Level 15
AFC Goldington
Bedford Panthers
Caldecote 'A'
Clifton Reserves
Dinamo Flitwick
Dunton Reserves
Elstow Abbey Reserves
Flitwick Town Reserves
Goldington Hammers
Kempston Athletic
Kempston Conservative Club Sports
Marston Shelton Rovers Reserves
Sandy Reserves
Thurleigh
Wootton Village

Golf
There are a number of golf courses and clubs across Bedfordshire. Luton has two 18 hole golf courses. One in Stockwood Park and the other at Warden Hill. A driving range and 9 hole golf course can also be found at Tea Green.

Greyhound racing
Greyhound racing is held at Henlow Stadium and was held at Luton Stadium (1931-1973), Queens Park Football Ground (Bedford) (1975-1982), Cardington Road (1929), Renhold (1931) and Kimbolton Road/Putnoe Lane (1931). Henlow is the only venue that was affiliated to the sports governing body the National Greyhound Racing Club, the others were known as flapping tracks, which was the nickname given to independent tracks.

Kayaking
Viking Kayak Club organise the Bedford Kayak Marathon with canoe racing held along the Embankment on Bedford's riverside and organise national ranking Canoe Slalom events at the Cardington Artificial Slalom Course (CASC), which was the first artificial whitewater course in the UK. CASC is also the venue each year for the UK's National Inter Clubs Slalom Finals, the largest canoe slalom event by participation in the UK.

Pool
There are two established pool leagues in Luton. One is the Luton & District Monday Pool League, which uses old style pub rules. The other is the South Beds Pool League, which competes on Thursday evenings and uses world rules. Both leagues cover the areas of Luton, Stopsley, Houghton Regis and Dunstable.

Rowing
Rowing is a major part of the sports scene of Bedford, with a number of regatta events hosted throughout the year from February through to October; the most significant of these being Bedford Regatta, which in terms of numbers of crews participating is the second largest in the country.

Rugby
Bedford Teams
Bedford Athletic
Bedford Blues
Bedford Queens
Bedford Swifts
Bedford Tigers (Rugby League)
Luton Teams
Luton Rugby Club
Stockwood Park
Vauxhall Motors RFC
Others
Ampthill RUFC
Biggleswade Rugby Club
Cranfield University
Dunstablians
Kempston
Leighton Buzzard RFC
Sharnbrook and Colworth

Other sports
Speedway racing was staged at Luton Stadium in the mid 1934-1937.

Venues
Bedford Autodrome Racing circuit
Bedford International Athletics Stadium Athletics Stadium
Creasey Park 3,200 Capacity Football Stadium
Goldington Road 6,000 Seater Rugby Stadium#
Henlow Stadium Greyhound racing stadium
Kenilworth Road 10,000 Seater Football Stadium
Wardown Park Cricket Field

References

External links
 Bedfordshire Football League
 Bedfordshire FA


Trones is one of 54 parish councils in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Its villages include:  Araniegu, Faéu, Ḷḷourante, Olgu, Paraxas, Rozas and Trones.

Parishes in Cangas del Narcea


Naked Truth is the sixth album by German pop singer Jeanette. It was released by Universal Records on 7 April 2006 in German-speaking Europe. A limited deluxe edition of the album was also released on 7 April 2006 with a bonus DVD.

Track listing

Charts

References

External links
 Official website

2006 albums
Jeanette Biedermann albums


Gabriel Powell (baptised 1576–1611) was a Welsh Anglican priest, known for his strident anti-Catholic views.

Life
Powell (the son of the clergyman and historian David Powel) was born in Ruabon, Denbighshire, Wales, and baptised in January 1576.  He was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, from 1592 to 1596 and then, after some studying abroad, was appointed to the sinecure position of rector of Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain, Montgomeryshire, Wales.  Richard Vaughan, the bishop of London, appointed him as his domestic chaplain in 1605; Powell became rector of Chellesworth, Suffolk, England, in 1606 and ceased to hold the parish of Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain after 1607.  In 1609, he was made a prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral, London and in the following year he became the vicar of Northolt, Middlesex.

Views
Powell was a strident anti-Catholic and wrote a number of works condemning the Roman Catholic faith and its followers.  His writings included Consideration of the Papists (1604), with warnings of the appalling results that would follow if Prince Henry married a Catholic, and  (1605) on the Pope as the Antichrist and the Roman Catholic Church as the "synagogue of Antichrist".  Whilst this language was condemned in later years by Archbishop Laud, his views were regarded as orthodox at the time and his writings were admired by contemporaries.  The Resolved Christian (1600), a treatise on piety, reached its seventh edition by 1617.  Other writings were directed against Protestant non-conformists, such as De adiophora (1607), noting the shared beliefs that they held and arguing that divisions between Protestants undermined the fight against Catholics.

References

1570s births
1611 deaths
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
Welsh non-fiction writers
People from Ruabon
16th-century Welsh writers
16th-century male writers
17th-century Welsh writers
17th-century male writers
16th-century Protestants
17th-century Welsh Anglican priests


Jorge Azkoitia Gabiola (born 27 April 1974) is a Spanish retired professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

Club career
Born in Bilbao, Biscay, Azkoitia started playing professionally with local Sestao Sport Club in the Segunda División B, but eventually helped to the club's promotion to Segunda División. However, the team were relegated in 1996, and he signed with Basque neighbours Deportivo Alavés.

At Alavés, Azkoitia proved essential in the 1997–98 season, appearing in 39 games and scoring three goals in an eventual La Liga return after a four-decade absence. He was relatively used the following years, but had few opportunities in the 2000–01 campaign as the side achieved an historical runner-up position in the UEFA Cup; on 6 May 2000, his 87th-minute header marked their first-ever win against Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium (1–0).

Azkoitia joined Rayo Vallecano in summer 2001, being scarcely played in his first season. He was an important first-team element in the next two, but the Madrilenians dropped two consecutive divisions and he was sent off four times.

Subsequently, Azkoitia served second-division spells at Elche CF and SD Eibar. In 2005–06 he netted a career-best 11 goals, but suffered relegation with the latter. He then moved to Alicante CF for the following season, helping to a 2008 promotion to the second tier.

In the 2008–09 campaign, Azkoitia was once again instrumental for Alicante by scoring nine times in 33 league games, but the Valencians were immediately relegated. He retired from football at the age of 35, with professional totals of 310 matches and 39 goals.

Honours
Alavés
Segunda División: 1997–98

References

External links

1974 births
Living people
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from Bilbao
Men's association football midfielders
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Sestao Sport Club footballers
Deportivo Alavés players
Rayo Vallecano players
Elche CF players
SD Eibar footballers
Alicante CF footballers


Utegi is a town in northern Tanzania.

References

Populated places in Mara Region


Veiga de Rengos is one of 54 parish councils in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Its villages include:
 Cruces
 Los Eiros
 Moncóu
 La Mourieḷḷa
 Mual
 El Pueblu
 Samartinu los Euiros
 Veiga de Rengos

References

Parishes in Cangas del Narcea


Andrew Samuel Effron (born September 18, 1948) is an American lawyer who serves as a senior judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. He took his judicial oath on August 1, 1996, and became chief judge in 2006. His term expired September 30, 2011.

Early life and education
Effron was born in Stamford, Connecticut and grew up in Poughkeepsie, New York. He is a 1966 graduate of Poughkeepsie High School. Effron earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Harvard College in 1970 and then received a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1975, and also graduated from The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School at the University of Virginia.

Career
From 1970 to 1976, Effron worked for Congressman William A. Steiger.

Effron served on active duty in the United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps from 1976 to 1979 and then as a reserve officer until 1994.

Effron served as associate general counsel at the Department of Defense from 1979 to 1987, and then served the Senate Armed Services Committee before being appointed to the federal court.

Personal
Effron is the son of Marshall Roven Effron and Marion Nancy (Glickman) Effron . He has a brother and a sister. His father was an officer in the Army Air Corps during World War II and his mother was a civilian employee of the Military Intelligence Division at the War Department. They were married in 1947.

References

|-

1948 births
Living people
20th-century American judges
21st-century American judges
Harvard College alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School alumni
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
People from Stamford, Connecticut
Politicians from Poughkeepsie, New York
United States Army officers
United States Army reservists
United States Article I federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton


Jovan Radonjić (, 1748 – 8 July 1803), commonly known as Jovo (Јово) or Joko, was the guvernadur of Montenegro between 1764 and 1803.

Early life
Jovan was born in Njeguši, the son of vojvoda and serdar Stanislav Radonjić (1690–1758), the first guvernadur (s. 1756–58). The family belonged to the Radonjić-Rajičević brotherhood of Njeguši.

It is possible that he had an older brother, Vukale, who had served as the guvernadur following Stanislav's death.

Term during Metropolitan Sava

Jovan was elected guvernadur by the assembly in Cetinje in 1764. The young Jovan had the final word in that period in Montenegro; the Venetians, the Vizier of Scutari and surrounding Ottoman pashas and beys turned to him when something needed to be arranged.

The fact that the Republic of Venice, the traditional ally of the Montenegrins, saw negatively on the relations between Russia and Montenegro is evident from a letter sent by Montenegrin chieftains to the provveditore of Kotor Gaetan Molino dated 1 April 1770, which condemns the antagonistic approach by the Venetians to the Montenegrin-Russian relations. The letter was signed by guvernadur Jovan Radonjić, serdar Vukale Vukotić, serdar J. Đurašković, serdar Jovo Petrović, and serdar M. Plamenac. In February 1769, Russian Empress Catherine issued the order to count Aleksije Orlov to organize the planning of an uprising on the Balkans; his assistant was Georgije Dolgorukov, which was sent to Montenegro. Orlov was during this Russo-Turkish war mostly in Italy, so that he was unable to assist Dolgorukov.

In 1773, in the same month of the death of Šćepan Mali, Kara Mahmud Pasha attacked the Kuči and Bjelopavlići, but was decisively defeated and returned to Scutari.

With the end of Russo-Turkish War (1768–74), the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca was signed on 21 July 1774. It did not mention Montenegro, which despite that saw in Russia a great hope. In the beginning of August 1775, Jovan sent an extensive petition to the Russian court, not to forget about the Montenegrins.

In 1775–76 there seems to have been armed conflicts between Montenegro and the Republic of Ragusa at their frontier, as Jovan Radonjić suggested them peace.

On 27 April 1779, a letter in Italian signed by Jovan Radonjić, Ivan Petrović, arhimandrit Petar Petrović and conte Pietro Beladinovich to the Austrian Emperor thanked for the gifts sent to them by the Empress through the clerk Heinz. They were most happy with the painting of the Emperor, which they saw as a proof of honour and protection from the Austrian side.

Term during Metropolitan Petar I

Conflict with Petar I
The Metropolitan and Jovan were the two head chiefs of Montenegro, one by title, the other according to actual position. Jovan sought to rule Montenegro by himself; he appropriated secular rights for himself, and wanted the Metropolitan to exerice only his spiritual leadership; that the guvernadur was the master of the people and the Metropolitan the master of the church.

The two clashed in international politics: the Metropolitan held to Russia, while Jovan relied on Austria. Hence, there were two parties in the land, one "Russophile" and the other "Austrophile", led by the Metropolitan and Jovan, respectively. On the question whether to support Austria or not, the two sides conflicted during the Austro-Turkish War (1787–91) and Russo-Turkish War (1787–92).

During this period, Montenegro was divided into the following districts: Katunska nahija, Riječka nahija, Crmnička nahija, Lješanska nahija and Pješivačka nahija. These were governed by the officials, Jovan Radonjić and the Metropolitan, with the help of 5 serdars, 9 vojvodas and 34 knezes (a synthesis of secular and theocratic government which will cause strife and struggle for supremacy until 1832–1833).

Kara Mahmud Pasha's offensive (1785)
When Kara Mahmud Pasha's large army advanced towards Montenegro, the Montenegrin army of 8,000 was reduced by 3,000 Crmničani, and they were followed by many more surrenders.

When Jovan saw Mahmud Pasha's army across Bjelica, he set his own house on fire and fled to Venetian territory. Mahmud Pasha went to burn down the Njeguši tribe, but the Nikšići asked him to preserve it, because they had trading relations with them. Mahmud Pasha settled the promised war gift; he gave Milić and knez Martinović two flasks filled with Ottoman copper coins, and 10 ducats each for the service they had done for him. Mahmud Pasha then crossed with his army through Paštrovići to return to Scutari. When the Pasha crossed Paštrovići at the Kašćela height near the church, Rade Andrović and his two friends approached and failed to assassinate him.

Letters to Russia (1788–89)
In July 1788, he sent a letter to Queen Catherine II: "Now all of us, Serb Montenegrins, ask Your Imperial Grace to send Sofronije Jugović to us". This Sofronije Marković (self-styled Jugović), was promised by Jovan the throne of Montenegro; Jovan sought to bring him to the land and replace Petrović, then get rid of him too, securing the rule for himself. He sent another letter in 1789.

Delegation to Austria (1789–90)
Jovan, being the main Austrian supporter in Montenegro, decided to take a trip to Austria. Having faith in Austria, he led a delegation consisting mainly of chieftains from the Crmnica nahija. Beginning to lose his position in Montenegro, he sought to retrieve his reputation with the help of the Austrian court. In the beginning of September 1789, the delegation arrived at Rijeka, then Radonjić and Plamenac crossed over to Trieste, from where they sent a request to Vienna hoping that the delegation would extend their trip to the Austrian capital. Radonjić requested that the Austrian army be sent into Montenegro, which was declined. On Radonjić's re-request, the Austrian Emperor decided to send munition to Montenegro in February 1790, provided that the Montenegrins "come under the wings of the Emperor in war-time, as much as in peace-time, with the Ottoman Empire". Austrian support looked unpromising.

Kara Mahmud Pasha's offensive (1796)
In 1796, Kara Mahmud Pasha, the Pasha of Scutari, was defeated at the Battle of Martinići. Mahmud Pasha later returned and was defeated and killed at the Battle of Krusi on 22 September. Half of the Montenegrin army was led by Metropolitan Petar I, the other by Jovan.

After the victory, Jovan wrote to Vienna and asked to be compensated for his house that he had earlier burnt down. As the Austrians were satisfied with Jovan's efforts, they sent him money and lumber for the repair of the house.

Last years
Shortly before his death, Jovan purchased a printing press in Vienna and hired an Austrian to educate the Montenegrins in using it. However, Metropolitan Petar I accused him of bringing an Austrian spy, and charged him of wanting to sell Montenegro to the Austrian Crown. Thus, Jovan gave up on the idea of printing, and sold the press to a merchant in the Bay of Kotor. Several years later, Petar II Petrović-Njegoš brought the same press back to Montenegro.

References

Sources

Montenegrin diplomats
Montenegrin nobility
Jovan
Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro
People from Cetinje
Venetian period in the history of Montenegro
1748 births
1803 deaths
Ambassadors to the Republic of Venice
Ambassadors to the Holy Roman Empire
Ambassadors to the Russian Empire
18th-century military history of Montenegro
19th-century military history of Montenegro


Veigaḷḷagar is one of 54 parish councils in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

References

Parishes in Cangas del Narcea


The People or the Gun is Anti-Flag's eighth studio album. The album was released on June 9, 2009. It was their first album released on independent label SideOneDummy Records after the band's two-record contract ended with RCA Records. The first track, "Sodom, Gomorrah, Washington D.C. (Sheep In Shepherd's Clothing)", was released on the band's MySpace page prior to the album.

Writing and production
On December 2, 2008, Anti-Flag's bassist, Chris#2, posted in his blog that Anti-Flag had begun the recording of their album with "The Economy is Suffering, Let it Die." By December 18, Chris #2 had posted that nine songs had been completed, and on February 16, 2009, two pictures of the tentative track listing for The People or the Gun were posted on the blog.

In a March 21 interview with bassist Chris #2 in The Edge Magazine, he revealed that the band had recorded seventeen songs, but he wanted to cut the track number down "to a smaller number, ten or eleven," and make it a 30-minute album.

Promotion
The band embarked on two tours to support the release of the album. The Eastpak Antidote Tour co-headlining with Alexisonfire with support acts Four Year Strong and The Ghost of a Thousand, which saw the band doing 35 dates across Europe, between October and November 2009. The Economy Sucks, Let's Party! Tour began in January 2010 and took the band across 22 North American dates, with supporting acts Aiden, Cancer Bats and Fireworks. In February 2010, the band continued the tour into Australia with five performances at the Soundwave Festival.

Album information
In late May 2009, a music video for the album's first single, "When All the Lights Go Out", was released.

A portion of the proceeds from album pre-sales on the SideOneDummy website were donated to Amnesty International. All pre-orders of the album on the SideOneDummy site received a digital download of two bonus songs, "Bring Down Their Wall" and "A Brief Misunderstanding of the Kings and Queens". An album bundle was also available on SideOneDummy's store, which included a three-track EP of unreleased material, plus both a The People or the Gun T-shirt and poster.

The song "The Gre(A)t Depression" includes repeated melodic interpolation of "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue" by Bob Dylan.

It also includes backing vocals from Tim McIlrath from Rise Against, Greg Attonito from Bouncing Souls, Wade MacNeil from Alexisonfire and David McWane from Big D and the Kids Table.

Track listing

Standard Edition
 "Sodom, Gomorrah, Washington D.C. (Sheep in Shepherd's Clothing)" – 2:50
 "The Economy Is Suffering...Let It Die" – 3:36
 "The Gre(A)t Depression" – 3:08
 "We Are the One" – 3:07
 "You Are Fired (Take This Job, Ah, Fuck It)" – 1:00
 "This Is the First Night" – 3:33
 "No War Without Warriors (How Do You Sleep?)" – 2:28
 "When All the Lights Go Out" – 3:08
 "On Independence Day" – 2:51
 "The Old Guard" – 4:17
 "Teenage Kennedy Lobotomy" (Hidden track) – 1:06

Bonus Tracks
 "A Brief Misunderstanding of the Queens and Kings" (Bonus download through SideOneDummy pre-order)
 "Bring Down Their Wall Again" (Bonus download through SideOneDummy pre-order)
 "The Weathermen Know Which Way the Wind Blows" (Bonus on iTunes)
 "Africom" (Bonus on iTunes)

Which Side Are You On? E.P.
Some releases of the album, including the first pressing of the Australian release, the Amazon.de pack, and versions in the US pre-ordered through Side One Dummy or bought at independent record stores, comes with a bonus disc titled Which Side Are You On? E.P. The tracks on it are:
 "Bring Down Their Wall Again" - 3:14
 "The Weathermen Know Which Way the Wind Will Blow" - 2:45
 "Africom" - 3:35

Use in popular culture
In the episode "Fresh Blood", Season 3 Episode 11, of HBO's True Blood there is a sticker of the artwork for "The People or the Gun" on one of the doors in Fangtasia.

Personnel
Anti-Flag
 Justin Sane – guitar, vocals
 Chris #2 – bass, vocals
 Chris Head – guitar, vocals
 Pat Thetic – drums
Additional personnel
 Additional percussion by Anti-Flag
 Additional vocals on track 3 by Tim McIlrath, Greg Attonito, Wade McNeil and David McWane
 Sixburgh Steel City Gang Vocals: Marc Riot, Tyler Kweder, Jason Cantu, Corey Cameron and Marc Code
 Additional handclapping by Katie Bullers and Anna Schwartz
Production
 Written, recorded and produced by Anti-Flag in Pittsburgh, PA
 Mixed by Mario J. McNulty at Alice's Restaurant
 Mastered by Mass Giorgini at Sonic Iguana
 Project coordinator – Jesse Jones
Art
 Artwork, layout and design by Mike Ski with No More Galleries

Charts

References

External links
 Anti-Flag on SideOneDummy

Anti-Flag albums
2009 albums
SideOneDummy Records albums


Viḷḷacibrán is one of 54 parish councils in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

References

Parishes in Cangas del Narcea


The Waterfield Group is a financial services holding company that was founded in 1928 by Richard H. Waterfield. J. Randall Waterfield, a former manager at Goldman Sachs and grandson of Richard H. Waterfield, serves as the Waterfield Group’s chairman. As of 2000, the Waterfield Group was the largest privately held mortgage company in the US.

The Waterfield Group sold its mortgage company, Waterfield Mortgage, in December 2006 to Sky Financial Group. In 2010, the Office of Thrift Supervision closed Waterfield Bank, which was majority-owned by the Waterfield Group.

References

External links
 FDIC: Failed Bank Information for Waterfield Bank, Germantown, MD
 FDIC shuts Bank of Illinois and Waterfield Bank
 (washington.bizjournals.com) Waterfield Bank on verge of federal takeover
 (washington.bizjournals.com) Federal regulators close Waterfield Bank

Banks based in Maryland
The Waterfield Group
Waterfield Bank
Waterfield Bank
Bank failures in the United States
2010 in economics


Heart 106.2 may refer to:
 Heart Yorkshire in Barnsley, Huddersfield Leeds, Doncaster and the surrounding areas
 Heart South Wales in Fishguard
 Heart London in London and the surrounding areas


Viḷḷalái is one of 54 parishes (administrative divisions) in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Villages
 Coubos
 Las Cuadrieḷḷas de Viḷḷalái
 Viḷḷalái

Other places
 La Casa la Benita
 La Casa las Mestas
 La Casilla
 Las Mestas
 La Venta la Perra

References

Parishes in Cangas del Narcea


Undress to the Beat is the seventh album by German pop singer Jeanette. It was released by Universal Records on 20 March 2009 in Germany. A limited deluxe edition of the album was also released on March 20, 2009 with a bonus remixes and songs.

Critical reception

Undress to the Beat received negative reviews from pop music critics. In a review for CDStarts.de, Matthias Reichel wrote that the album was an effort to capitalize on the chart success of Kylie Minogue and Lady Gaga by adopting their dance-pop musical style. Furthermore, Reichel called the album unconvincing, rating it four out of ten. LetMeEntertainYou.de described the album as unoriginal, citing its similarities to recent efforts by Britney Spears and Madonna.

Singles
 The album's lead single, "Undress to the Beat", was released on February 27, 2009. The song reached number six on the German singles chart and number twenty on the Austrian singles chart.
 The second single, "Material Boy (Don't Look Back)" was released three months later on May 29, 2009. The song reached number forty-three in German singles chart and number sixty-nine on the Austrian singles chart.
 The third single, "Solitary Rose" was released on October 30, 2009. The song was premiered on her TV series Anna und die Liebe. The song peaked number 15 in Germany.

Track listing

Charts

References

External links
Official website

2009 albums
Jeanette Biedermann albums
Dance-pop albums by German artists


The Jardins du Château Val Joanis are gardens which belong to the Château Val Joanis winery, located west of the town of Pertuis in the Vaucluse Department of France.  The gardens are inspired by the 17th century bastide, or Provençal manor, which stands on the site.  They are private but open to the public, and are classified  by the French Ministry of Culture among the Remarkable Gardens of France.

History
The Chateau is built on the site of an ancient Roman villa, some of whose stones today decorate the garden. The building is decorated with the coat of arms of Jean de Joanis, the secretary of the King Louis III of Naples. The estate was occupied by the Arnaud family, who kept it until the 17th century. In 1754, the estate was given the status of a fief. The house and estate fell into ruins during the 19th century.  It was purchased in 1977 by Jean-Louis Chancel. Between 1979 and 1999, he planted 186 hectares of vines. He also commissioned the architect Jean-Jacques Pichoux to build a modern winery building, inspired by the architectural style of the Dominican Order.

In 1978, Cécile Chancel decided to build a garden in the style of a 17th-century kitchen garden. She had terraces dug on the hillside next to the vineyards, researched different garden styles, and, with the assistance of landscape gardener Tobie Loup de Vian, began building. The garden reached its present form by 1990. It was classified as a Remarkable Garden of France in 2005.

Description
The gardens are laid out on three terraces:

The upper terrace is a kitchen garden and flower garden, featuring lavender cut into spheres, squash, salad plants, fennel, and aromatic plants and herbs. Different varieties of tomatoes are grown on bamboo frames, and there are pyramids of ivy and hops (Humulus lupulus).

The middle terrace features flowers, particularly roses.  The paths are bordered with Iris × germanica and with yew trees trimmed into cones.

The lower terrace features fruit trees,  particularly old varieties of apples and pears.  The garden also has a garden of herbs, a collection of  asters, and boxwood hedges trimmed in ornamental forms.

An arbor or pergola covered with climbing roses and trumpet creeper (Campsis) climbs the hill and joins the three terraces.

Tables and seats are placed at scenic spots with views of the garden and the vineyards beyond. The best times to visit the garden are June and July for the flowers, or September for the change of colors of the vineyards and trees.

Gallery

See also
 Gardens of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Bibliography
Marie-Françoise Valéry, Jardins de France en fleurs, Taschen, Paris, 2008. ().
Phillipe Thébaut and Christian Maillard, Parcs et Jardins en France, Editions Payot & Rivages, 2008 ()

References

External links
 Site of the Jardins du Chateau Val Joanis
Pictures and description on the site of the French Committee of Parks and Gardens

Val Joanis


Two People is a 1973 American drama film produced and directed by Robert Wise and starring Peter Fonda and Lindsay Wagner. The screenplay by Richard De Roy focuses on the brief relationship shared by a Vietnam War deserter and a fashion model.

Plot
Deirdre McCluskey is a Manhattan-based fashion model who has completed an assignment for Vogue with photographer, Ron Kesselman, who is also her lover, and Barbara Newman, an editor, in Marrakech. Ron has announced plans to explore the Sahara Desert in lieu of returning home to his son out-of-wedlock with Deirdre, Marcus, leaving them to go to Casablanca by train, without him.

Deidre, aware her love for Ron has died, recognizes fellow passenger Evan Bonner from a cafe where she had eaten the previous day. She approaches his compartment to ask if he has any kief he'd be willing to share with her. Seeing him alone and in tears, she returns to Barbara.

When the train breaks down, Evan and Deidre explore a nearby Arab village while waiting for it to be repaired. Deirdre is attracted to Evan but he withdraws from her advances. On board a flight from Casablanca to Paris, he confesses he deserted in Vietnam, was brought to Moscow by a pro-peace group, and lived in Sweden and Morocco until, weary of his nomad existence, he decided to surrender and face court martial and a prison term.

Deirdre spends a day and night with Evan in Paris before they return to the United States. The following morning, she proposes they remain in Europe, supported by her salary, but he declines. They fly to New York City, where the two are welcomed at Deirdre's townhouse by her mother and son. Deirdre repeats her offer, but Evan is determined to put his past behind him, and later that day he surrenders to the authorities.

Cast
Peter Fonda as Evan Bonner
Lindsay Wagner as Deirdre McCluskey
Estelle Parsons as Barbara Newman
Alan Fudge as Fitzgerald
Frances Sternhagen as Mrs. McCluskey
Geoffrey Horne as Ron Kesselman

Production
Fonda said "We shot the film in sequence. It was designed by Bob. It was simply the best way to shoot the film. We rehearsed for a week and a half. You know, we spent five weeks on the Marakesh Express. It worked out pretty well."

Critical reception
Roger Greenspun of The New York Times called the film "a very silly movie" and added, "I am tempted to hang the movie with quotations from its dialogue — which would be unfair. It is really equally bad in all departments . . . Two People is remarkably of a piece — not with the consistency of a movie director like Robert Wise, but rather with the consistency of something cooked up from the same package of synthetic soup."

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times observed, "It must have sounded like such a good story idea, all those months or years ago when they were writing the film . . . What we have here, potentially, is a sort of bittersweet, radicalized Love Story, and that must have been what sold the director, Robert Wise, on the project. The movie sounds superficially as if it might have a comment to make on the effect of the war on its warriors. Well, that may be true, but true of a movie they didn't make. What we're left with is an awfully awkward journey into banality."

TV Guide rated the film one out of four stars and commented, "Fonda and Wagner (in her film debut) just aren't able to pull it off."

See also
 List of American films of 1973

References

External links

1973 films
1973 drama films
American drama films
Films about deserters
Films set in Paris
Films set in Morocco
Films set in New York City
Films directed by Robert Wise
Films scored by David Shire
Universal Pictures films
1970s English-language films
1970s American films
Films produced by Robert Wise