Maharaja Raghubir Singh (1832 – 7 March 1887) was a Maharaja of Jind State of the Phulkian dynasty who reigned from 1864 to 1887.

Early life
Singh was born at Bazidpur in 1832, the younger of two sons of Swarup Singh of Jind. In 1848, he became heir apparent to his father upon the death of his older brother. During the Great Uprising, he fought alongside his father in armor and mail at some of the major battles against the rebels.

Maharaja of Jind
Following his father's death in 1864, Raghubir Singh ascended the Jind gadi, having his coronation on 31 March of that year. The coronation was attended by the Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab, Robert Montgomery, as well as by the Maharaja of Patiala-the head of the Phulkian clan. Raghubir Singh established his main residence at Sangrur, and began a long campaign to remodel his state. He rebuilt the Sangrur bazaar, constructed gardens and built temples, water tanks, public buildings and paved roads. In 1872, he contributed a contingent of the Jind artillery for service in the outbreak of Kuka movement.

In 1874, he faced a serious revolt in fifty villages in his territory of Charkhi Dadri, as well as in some other lands acquired after 1857, but he took personal command of his troops and subdued the revolt in a month and crushed it. Three principal villages which took part in the rebellion, Charkhi, Mankinas and Jhanjhu, were burned down.

In 1875, Raghubir Singh was knighted with the GCSI, the highest imperial dignity, receiving the KIH in 1877 and the CIE in 1878. During the Second Afghan War, he sent 700 cavalry and infantry to the aid of the British forces in Afghanistan. In 1877, Raghubir Singh was made a Councillor of the Empire (an ADC to the Viceroy). He was granted the title of Raja-i-Rajgan in 1881, and died six years later after a 23-year reign, aged 53. As his only son had died in 1883, he was succeeded by his grandson, Ranbir Singh.

Personal life
Raghubir Singh married twice, first marrying Sama Kaur, the daughter of Jawahar Singh. The couple had a son and a daughter:
1. Balbir Singh (1857–1883). Married twice, first to a lady from Lahore (d. 1875) and secondly in 1872 to a daughter of the Sardar of Shahzadpur. He had a son and a daughter by his second wife:
1. Ranbir Singh, who succeeded his grandfather as Raja and later Maharaja of Jind.
2. Balbir Kaur, who married the Raja of Hathras (1886–1979) in 1902 and had one son.
2. A daughter, who married the Rai of Kalsia and had two sons.

Titles
1834-1848: Maharajkumar Sri Raghubir Singh
1848-1864: Sri Tikka Sahib Raghubir Singh Bahadur
1864-1875: His Highness Farzand-i-Dilband, Rasikh-ul-Itiqad-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Maharaja Sri Raghubir Singh Bahadur, Maharaja of Jind
1875-1878: His Highness Farzand-i-Dilband, Rasikh-ul-Itiqad-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Maharaja Sri Sir Raghubir Singh Bahadur, Maharaja of Jind, GCSI
1878-1881: His Highness Farzand-i-Dilband, Rasikh-ul-Itiqad-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Maharaja Sri Sir Raghubir Singh Bahadur, Maharaja of Jind, GCSI, CIE
1881-1887: His Highness Farzand-i-Dilband, Rasikh-ul-Itiqad-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Raja-i-Rajgan, Maharaja Sri Sir Raghubir Singh Bahadur, Maharaja of Jind, GCSI, CIE

Honours
Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI)-1875
Prince of Wales gold medal-1876
Empress of India Medal, gold-1877
Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE)-1878

References

Indian Sikhs
19th-century Indian monarchs
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire
1834 births
1887 deaths
Jind
Indian knights


Salbatore Mitxelena () (1919 in Zarautz, Gipuzkoa, (Spain) – 1965 in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) was a friar and a writer in the Basque language.

Biography
Mitxelena was ordained as a Catholic friar in the Franciscan Order and fled the country during the Spanish Civil War. In 1949 he authored the first book in Basque written about the Civil War.

He preached in Biscay but his ideas brought him into conflict with the church hierarchy of the time and led to his exile to South America (1954–1962) during which he continued to write and publish in Basque. He dedicated a book to Miguel de Unamuno, whom he admired in contrast to the majority of Basque writers. He ended his life ministering to Spanish immigrants in Switzerland.

Works
 Unamuno eta Abendats (1958, Darracq) (essay on Unamuno)
 Arantzazu, euskal-sinismenaren poema (1949, EFA)
 Arraun ta amets (1955, Itxaropena)
 Idazlan guztiak (I eta II) (1977, EFA)
 XX. mendeko poesia kaierak – Salbatore Mitxelena (2000, Susa): Koldo Izagirreren edition
 Ama-semeak Arantzazuko kondairan (1951, EFA)
 Ogei kanta Arantzazuko (1952, EFA)
 Laburtuaz (2000, Olerti Etxea)

See also

References

External links
  Salbatore Mitxelena literaturaren zubitegian

1919 births
1965 deaths
Basque writers
Basque Roman Catholic priests
Spanish male writers
People from Zarautz
20th-century Spanish Roman Catholic priests
Spanish Franciscans
Exiles of the Spanish Civil War
Spanish expatriates in Uruguay
Spanish expatriates in Switzerland
Basque-language writers


The foreign housing exclusion goes hand-in-hand with the foreign earned income exclusion. According to section 911(a) of the federal tax code, a qualified individual under either the bona fide residence test or the physical presence test will be able to exclude from the gross income the housing amount in a foreign country provided for by the employer.  Note that "provided for by the employer" does not require that the employer actually procure the housing.  If housing is paid from wages paid by the employer, this will meet the test.  However, housing expenses in excess of the wages or earnings from self-employment would not qualify.

The tax code defines the "housing amount" as the total of all qualified housing expenses less the "base housing amount." It is important to define what is considered qualified housing expenses as well as what the IRS means by the base housing amount.

Qualification
In order to qualify, housing expenses must be reasonable expenses incurred by the expatriate or their spouse and dependents if they live together in a foreign country.  An exception to this rule would be if a second foreign household is maintained for the spouse and dependents due certain adverse and unhealthful conditions such as warfare or civil unrest. As a result, qualified housing expenses for both the first and second foreign home would include the following:

 The fair rental value of housing provided by employer
 Utilities (except for telephone charges)
 Rent
 Repairs
 Real and personal property insurance
 Nonrefundable fees for securing a leasehold
 Nondeductible occupancy taxes
 Residential parking
 Rental of furniture and accessories

Outside of the above list, any other housing expenses are not considered qualified. In addition, the value of meals or lodging that is excluded from gross income will not be excludable for foreign housing exclusion purposes as this would be considered a double benefit. For example, it would not include:

 Buying property
 Labor
 TV or Cable Bills
 Furniture
 Improvements that increase the value of the property

Keep in mind that you cannot include any expenses that you have excluded from gross income, there is no double benefit, in short. There is also a limit on the amount of housing expenses one can incur, usually around 30% of the FEI exclusion times the number of days in the qualifying period, usually about $27,450 a year. You can sometimes get more than this standard limit if you live in a high-cost locality, these limits can be found on Form 2555.

Second foreign household
If you have 2 foreign households, because your family cannot live near your work because of dangerous or unhealthful conditions, you may qualify for including the expenses of the second household.  This can also include adverse living conditions including war, or if you need to live on a construction site or drilling rig.

Foreign Housing Deduction
If you are not self-employed, even partially, you cannot take a housing deduction, although you may be eligible for exclusion, as mentioned earlier. If you are considered self-employed, then you can deduct the housing amount on line 36 of form 1040 and form 2555. If you are both employed and self-employed, you can deduct part of your housing amount and also exclude a portion of it.

Couples
Determining a couples tax obligations matters if they are living together or separately.

Limitations
Sections 911(c)(2)(A)(i) and 911(c)(2)(A)(ii) of the federal tax code limits the housing expenses eligible for the housing exclusion to 30% of the maximum foreign earned income exclusion.  The result is then multiplied by the number of days in the qualifying period that fall within the tax year.  For 2015, if the maximum foreign earned income exclusion is $100,800, eligible housing expenses for the year would be limited to $30,240 (30% of $100,800). However, qualified individuals living in high-cost neighborhoods are able to deduct more than the standard limit of $30,240 in 2015 but not more than the limits outlined in the Instructions for Form 2555.

In defining the base amount, section 911(c)(1)(B)(iii) of the federal tax code states that the amount is equal to 16% of the maximum foreign earned income exclusion multiplied by the number of qualifying days within the tax year.  Once again, if the maximum foreign earned income exclusion for the 2015 tax year is $100,800, the base amount would be limited to $16,128 (16% of $100,800) for the year.

To illustrate, let's assume that an architect qualifies for the foreign earned income exclusion under the physical presence test with a qualifying period that includes all of 2015. He makes $69,000 through wages and had $18,000 in housing expenses. In determining the housing amount for the foreign housing exclusion, the housing expenses would meet the $30,240 limit for the year.  However, $16,128 must be reduced from the $18,000 in order to arrive at the housing amount of $1,872 that is eligible for the foreign housing exclusion.

Conclusion
It is important to reiterate that in order to take advantage of the housing exclusion, the housing amount must be paid for by employer-provided amounts or incurred from maintaining a qualified second foreign household.  Secondly, if housing amounts are to be excluded, this must be calculated first before the foreign earned income exclusion can be determined.  In other words, the housing amount must be deducted from the total foreign earned income to arrive at the excludable amount for foreign earned income exclusion purposes. Lastly, to choose the housing exclusion, Form 2555 is the only form allowed and must be completely filled out.  Form 2555-EZ cannot be used to claim the foreign housing exclusion.

References

United States federal income tax
International taxation


Michael O'Neill (1953 – 21 December 2018) was an English poet and scholar, specialising in the Romantic period and post-war poetry. He published four volumes of original poetry; his academic writing was praised as "beautifully and lucidly written".

Academic career
A graduate of Exeter College, Oxford, O'Neill had lectured at Durham University since 1979, holding the title of Professor. He was on the editorial boards of four journals, Romanticism, Romanticism on the Net, the Keats-Shelley Review and The Wordsworth Circle, as well as being a Fellow of the English Association and on the editorial board of the academic website Romantic Circles.

Publications
His most significant publications were on the topic of Romantic literature, of which his most notable single-authored academic works were his 1997 book Romanticism and the Self-Conscious Poem and his 2007 book The All-Sustaining Air (Oxford University Press), which explores the influence of Romantic poetry on poets from Yeats to Roy Fisher.

One of his particular fields of expertise was the work of Percy Bysshe Shelley, about whom he published several books, chapters and journal articles, as well as writing Shelley's entry in the Dictionary of National Biography. He published a facsimile and transcription of two MS copies of Shelley's The Defence of Poetry (in the series The Bodleian Shelley Manuscripts<ref>{{cite journal |title=Reviewed Work(s): The Bodleian Shelley Manuscripts. Volume XVI, ...Volume XVII, ...Volume XX |first=William |last=Keach |journal=Keats-Shelley Journal |volume=45 |year=1996 |pages=199–201 |url=http://www.jstor.com/stable/30210347}}</ref>), praised as "a valuable, and ideally executed, contribution to dedicated Shelley scholarship".

In addition, he edited and co-edited several important works on Romantic and post-Romantic literature and poetry, including Romantic Poetry: An Annotated Anthology (Blackwell, 2007), A Routledge Literary Sourcebook on the Poems of W. B. Yeats (Routledge, 2004), Percy Bysshe Shelley: The Major Works, Including Poetry, Prose and Drama (Oxford University Press, 2003) and Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide (Clarendon Press, 1998).

He was the general editor of Blackwell's Guide to Criticism series, for which he was composing a volume on modernist poetry.  He also co-founded Poetry Durham, which he edited between 1982 and 1994.

Poetry
In addition to his academic career, O'Neill was a poet and was awarded an Eric Gregory Award in 1983 and a Cholmondeley Award from the Society of Authors in 1990. During his lifetime he published four volumes Wheel, Gangs of Shadow and Return of the Gift, all with ARC Publications, as well as an earlier collection The Stripped Bed published in 1990 by Collins Harvill. Return of the Gift received a special commendation from the Poetry Book Society and was launched in an event held at Hatfield College, Durham University in February 2018. His last poetry collection, Crash and Burn, in which he writes about his battle with cancer, was published posthumously in April 2019.

Awards
 1983 Eric Gregory Award
 1990 Cholmondeley Award

Bibliography

Poetry

Academic
MonographsPercy Bysshe Shelley: A Literary Life (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1989)Auden, MacNeice, Spender: The Thirties Poetry, with Gareth Reeves (Basingstoke: MacMillan, 1989)Romanticism and the Self-Conscious Poem (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997)The All-Sustaining Air: Romantic Legacies and Renewals in British, American, and Irish Poetry since 1900 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007)Dante Rediscovered: From Blake to Rodin, with S. Hebron and D. Bindman (Grasmere: The Wordsworth Trust, 2007)

Anthologies, facsimilesThe Defence of Poetry Fair Copies (The Bodleian Shelley Manuscripts vol. XX; New York: Garland, 1994)Fair-Copy Manuscripts of Shelley's Poems in European and American Libraries, with D. H. Reiman (New York: Garland, 1997)A Routledge Literary Sourcebook on the Poems of W.B. Yeats (London: Routledge, 2004)

Edited collectionsKeats: Bicentenary Readings (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1997)Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998)

References

External links
O'Neill on the Institute of Advanced Study at Durham University website

Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford
Academics of Durham University
British poets
1953 births
Writers from Aldershot
British male poets
Fellows of the English Association
2018 deaths


Kavigan, Kobi Gaan, Kobi Lorai or Kabigan () is a form of Bengali folk performance wherein folk poets sing and perform. A verbal duel among the poets, this mystic minstrels art was popular with rural folk form in nineteenth century in Bengal region, which includes the Indian state of West Bengal and Bangladesh.. The mythological themes from both Hindu and Muslims religious texts were commonly used for Kobi Gaan.

Form
Kavigan is normally sung by two groups. Each group is led by a  or . The accompanying singers called  often repeat what the leader said. A kavigan programme starts with bandana (evocation) or gurudever geet (song of the sect patron). The bandana can be directed to or be in praise of Saraswati, Ganesh, people, and the audience, as deemed fit by a particular. This is followed by Radha–Krishna related song, some call it agamani. Then songs on four subjects are sung: , ,  and .  deals with the love-songs related to Radha-Krishna. Biraha is about the mortal pang of separation of common human beings. Kheur is mainly about gods and goddesses, but often includes mild slangs. Finally, the competitive part starts. It mainly consists of the Lahar, where the competitors personally attack each other, musico-verbally. In kavigan, also referred to as kabir larai, two person who are lyricist plus composer at the same time answer each other in form of songs.

History
In his Banglar Kavigan, Sajani Kanta Das said, "Kavigan was born out of a synthesis of various art forms prevalent in different parts of Bengal at different times having peculiar names such as tarja, panchali, kheur, akhrai, half akhrai, full akhrai, danra kavigan, basa kavigan, dhap kirtan, tappa, Krishna jatra, tukkagiti etc." Various literary researchers such as Ishwar Chandra Gupta and Dr. Harekrishna Mukhopadhyay have dwelt at length on the origins and development of kavigan.

Dr. Sushil Kumar Dey opines, "The existence of kabi songs may be traced to the beginning of the 18th century or even beyond it to the 17th; but the flourishing period of the Kabiwalas was between 1760 and 1830." As the religious and ritualistic content in Bengali poetry wore out there was a tendency to break away from the traditional Vaishnava poetry but the real breakthrough came only with the introduction of the printing press in mid–18th century. From the close of the 18th century for more than half a century the new kavi–poetry and panchali reigned supreme in the Kolkata region and almost threatened to sweep everything else in literature. However, while Kavigan lost its supremacy in Kolkata, it retained its position in rural Bengal.

Dr. Sushil Kumar Dey has a word of praise for the , "These poets were, no doubt, born among the people (lowest classes), lived with the people and understood perfectly their ways of thinking and feeling; hence their direct hold upon the masses of whom many a modern writer is contentedly ignorant."

Kobigaan was a debating contest between two minstrels (Kobiaal | the poets of the Kobigaan genre) and their troupes (Dohars) in Verse with some traditional musical instruments of Bengal. The mythological themes as well as the erotic themes were used. When mythological themes was used in Kobigaan, that was called Torja, this Torja was an old and traditional Kobi Gaan. The Kheyur was the second type Kobi Gaan in which erotic themes like Radha and Krishna were used as metaphorically. The originated of the Kheyur was Krishnanagar under the patronage of Raja Krishna Chandra of Nadia District. The Dhaak, Harmonium, Kansi, Mandira and drum were the main musical instrument used in Kobi Gaan. The Kobi Gaan is still performed in villages of Bengal with a small scale.

Kaviyals
A number of  attained popularity and fame. In Birbhum district alone there were about three hundred  from the 18th–20th century. Amongst the earliest were Lokokabi Lambodar Chakroborty, Gonjla Guin, born in the 18th century and his contemporaries: Lalu–Nandalal, Raghu and Ramji. The famous 19th century  of Kolkata were Haru Thakur, Nitai Vairagi, Ram Basu, Bhola Maira, and Anthony Firinghee.

Some of  in other parts of Bengal were Balahari Roy (1743–1849), Sambhunath Mondal (1773–1833), Tarakchandra Sarker (1845–1914), Haricharan Acharya (1861–1941), Ramesh Chandra Shil (1877–1967), Rajendranath Sarkar (1892–1974), Bijaykrishna Adhikari (1903–1985), Nishikanto Raysarkar.

Mukunda Das, more popular as a , was also a . His character was featured in a popular Bengali film Balika Bodhu, wherein the songs of Mukunda Das inspired the rural masses during the independence movement,

Another famous , Anthony Firingee, a Portuguese man, was featured in a Bengali biographical film bearing his name, with Uttam Kumar portraying him.

Bhola Moira (19th century)  was a popular and entertaining singer who could keep his audience mesmerised. Realising the importance of popular entertainment, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar complimented Bhola Moira and said, "To awaken the society of Bengal, it is necessary to have orators like Ramgopal Ghosh, amusing men like Hutom Pyancha and folk singers like Bhola Moira". Bhola Moira is a biographical film about him, made in 1977.

References

Bengali culture
Culture of West Bengal
Bangladeshi culture
Bengali poetry
Music of Bengal
Indian styles of music


Daniel Warrender (born 28 April 1986) is an English footballer whose last known club was Ramsbottom United in the Northern Premier League Premier Division.

Warrender has previously played for Manchester City, in his hometown, and Blackpool. He also had a spell in America with San Francisco Seals.

On 13 September 2008, he made his first appearance for F.C. United of Manchester, in a goalless FA Cup first round qualifying match against Nantwich Town. He then played for the club for two seasons. He appeared 47 times for the club before leaving in December 2009 to take a break from football due to a hip injury.

He subsequently played for Ramsbottom United for a season between 2010 and 2011. He rejoined FC United in February 2012. In March 2012 he rejoined Ramsbottom United.

In the summer of 2014 he moved to Salford City. before quickly moving back to Ramsbottom United after the beginning of the season.

References

External links
Statistics for Blackpool

1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Manchester
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Manchester City F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Rossendale United F.C. players
San Francisco Seals (soccer) players
F.C. United of Manchester players
Ramsbottom United F.C. players
Salford City F.C. players
English Football League players
USL League Two players
Northern Premier League players
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
English expatriate sportspeople in the United States
English expatriate men's footballers


What Becomes of the Broken Hearted? is a 1996 novel by Alan Duff. It is the sequel to Duff's novel Once Were Warriors (1990),  which was made into a film in 1994.

Jake begins the book alone after the first book except for a younger street kid who helped him at his lowest point at the end of the previous book. Estranged from his family, Jake and slowly, accidentally becomes more responsible and mature. Jake befriends a large family group of rugby-playing, pig-hunting Māori, contrasting with his son's entry into a gang of welfare pooling petty criminals.

In 1999 the novel was adapted as the movie What Becomes of the Broken Hearted?.

What Becomes of the Broken Hearted? was followed by the third novel in the Once Were Warriors trilogy, Jake's Long Shadow (2002).

References

1996 novels
20th-century New Zealand novels
New Zealand novels adapted into films
Sequel novels
Novels by Alan Duff
Works about Māori people


James Higgins may refer to:

James Higgins (Australian cricketer) (1874–1957), Australian cricketer
James Higgins (English cricketer) (1877–1954), English cricketer
James Higgins (footballer) (1874–?), English footballer
James Higgins (rugby league) (born c.1922), rugby league footballer of the 1940s for Wakefield Trinity
James Higgins (Wisconsin politician) (1824–1910), member of the Wisconsin legislature
James A. Higgins (1889–1962), New York state senator
James B. Higgins (1920–1991), American football player and coach, college athletics administrator
James D. Higgins (1913–1974), politician and judge in Newfoundland, Canada
James H. Higgins (1876–1927), Rhode Island politician
James W. Higgins (1896–1945), member of the Wisconsin legislature

See also
Jim Higgins (disambiguation)


Events in the year 1857 in Norway.

Incumbents
Monarch: Oscar I

Events
6 June – Sophia of Nassau marries the future King Oscar II of Sweden-Norway

Births

4 January – John N. Kildahl, Norwegian-American Lutheran church minister, author and educator (died 1920)
15 March – Christian Michelsen, shipping magnate, politician and Prime Minister of Norway (died 1925)
27 April – Theodor Kittelsen, artist (died 1914)
8 May – Agnes Mathilde Wergeland, Norwegian-American historian and poet (died 1914)
2 June – Urban Jacob Rasmus Børresen, rear admiral (died 1943)
28 July – Andreas Thidemand Carlsen Ruud, politician
19 August – Haldor Børve, architect (died 1933).
21 October- Frederick William Cappelen, Norwegian American architect and civil engineer (died 1921)
10 November – Aad J. Vinje,  Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court (died 1929)
18 November – Gunnar Heiberg, playwright (died 1929)

Full date unknown
Waldemar Hansteen, architect (died 1921)
Johan Peter Jacobson, politician

Deaths
16 April - Ferdinand Carl Maria Wedel-Jarlsberg, commanding general of the Norwegian Army (born 1781)
11 June - Jens Rynning, priest (born 1778)
14 October – Johan Christian Dahl, painter (born 1788)
28 October – Hother Erich Werner Bøttger, politician (born 1801)

Full date unknown
Diderik Bøgvad, politician (born 1792)

See also

References


Mark Higgins may refer to:

Mark Higgins (strength athlete) (born 1963), athlete and strongman
Mark Higgins (baseball) (1963–2017), baseball player
Mark Higgins (driver) (born 1971), Manx rally driver
Mark Higgins (footballer) (born 1958), English former footballer
Mark Huntington Higgins (1940–1960), American helper of Albert Schweitzer


Klubi i Futbolit Himara was an Albanian football club based in the town of Himarë, formerly part of Vlorë District. The club's home ground was Petro Ruci Stadium and they last competed in the Albanian Second Division.

History
Founded in 1932, they have also played under the name Vetëtima Himarë. Their president Lorenc Gjikuria threatened to pull the club out of the league in May 2014 only to change their minds and play the last match of that league season.

References

External links
Second Division Standings and Stats

Himare
Himara
1932 establishments in Albania
Association football clubs established in 1932
Kategoria e Dytë clubs


1-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt) is a triazole used as a peptide coupling reagent. It suppresses racemization that can otherwise occur during the reaction.

HOAt has a melting point between 213 and 216 degrees Celsius. As a liquid, it is transparent and without any color.

References

Peptide coupling reagents
Triazolopyridines
Reagents for biochemistry
Hydroxylamines


Aleš Vodseďálek () (5 born March 1985 in Jilemnice) is a Czech Nordic combined skier who has competed since 2003.

Career

Competing in two Winter Olympics, Vodseďálek earned his best finish of eighth twice (4 x 5 km team: 2006, 2010). His best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was sixth in the 4 x 5 km team event at Liberec in 2009 while his best individual finish was 31st in the individual large hill event at those same games.

His best World Cup finish was eighth in a 4 x 5 km team event at Germany in 2009 while his best individual finish was 23rd in an individual large hill event at Finland that same year.

References

1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Jilemnice
Czech male Nordic combined skiers
Nordic combined skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Nordic combined skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic Nordic combined skiers for the Czech Republic


Gary Hill is an American artist.

Gary or Garry Hill may also refer to:
Gary Hill (basketball) (1941–2009), basketball player
Garry Hill (born 1959), English football manager
Garry Hill (baseball) (1946–2017), American baseball player
Garry Hill (rugby) (born 1987), Barbarian International Rugby player


Nikolas Ormaetxea, also known as  Orixe (Orexa, Gipuzkoa, 6 December 1888 - Añorga, 9 October 1961) was a Basque language writer.

Works

Novels
 Santa Cruz apaiza (1929, Leizaola)

Essays
 Euskal literaturaren atze edo edesti laburra (1927, Euskal-Esnalea aldizkaria)
 Jainkoaren billa (1971, Gero)
 Euskal literaturaren historia laburra (2002, Utriusque Vasconiae)

Poetry
 Eusko Olerkiak (1933, Euskaltzaleak)
 Barne-muinetan (1934, Itxaropena)
 Euskaldunak (1950, Itxaropena)
 Euskaldunak (poema eta olerki guziak) (1972, Auñamendi)
 XX. mendeko poesia kaierak - Orixe (2000, Susa): Koldo Izagirreren edizioa

Literary Journals
 Leoi-kumea (1948, La Photolith)

Machine Translation
 Tormesko itsu-mutilla (1929, Verdes-Atxirika)
 Mireio; Frederic Mistral (1930, Verdes-Atxirika)

Screenplays
 Mamutxak (1962, Euskal Herria)

Short stories
 Quiton arrebarekin (1950–1954, Euzko-Gogoa aldizkaria)

Collections
 Idazlan guztiak (sorkuntzazkoak) (1991, Etor)
 Orixe hautatua (2002, Hiria)

Sources
 Azurmendi, Joxe 1976: Zer dugu Orixeren kontra?, Oñati, EFA.
 Azurmendi, Joxe 1977: Zer dugu Orixeren alde?, Oñati, EFA.
 Sudupe, Pako 2011: 50eko hamarkadako euskal literatura I. Hizkuntza eta ideologia eztabaidak, Donostia, Utriusque Vasconiae.
 Sudupe, Pako 2011: 50eko hamarkadako euskal literatura II. Kazetaritza eta saiakera, Donostia, Utriusque Vasconiae.
 Sudupe, Pako 2012: "Ideologia eztabaidak 50eko hamarkadan" in Alaitz Aizpuru (koord.), Euskal Herriko pentsamenduaren gida, Bilbo, UEU.

External links

  Report about Orixe
  Nikolas Ormaetxea literaturaren zubitegian

1888 births
1961 deaths
Basque writers
People from Tolosaldea


Walter Gittins (1865 – after 1890) was an English professional footballer who made 21 appearances in the Football Alliance playing for Small Heath.

Gittins was born in Aston, which is now part of Birmingham. He began his football career with Lozells Sports Club before joining Small Heath for their first season in the Football Alliance in September 1889. A solid, powerful full back, Gittins made his debut on 14 September 1889 in a 2–2 draw at home to Bootle, and was ever-present for the rest of that season, at the end of which he joined Stafford Rangers.

References

1865 births
Year of death missing
Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands
English men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Birmingham City F.C. players
Stafford Rangers F.C. players
Date of birth missing
Football Alliance players


Marie de Lorraine may refer to one of the following;

Marie de Guise (1515–1560) mother of Mary, Queen of Scots
Marie de Lorraine, Duchess of Guise (1615–1688) daughter of Charles, Duke of Guise
Marie de Lorraine (1674–1724) daughter of Louis, Count of Armagnac, wife of Antonio I, Prince of Monaco


James Nicol Grieve (July 17, 1855 – August 4, 1918) was a farmer and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Perth North in the House of Commons of Canada from 1891 to 1896 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Mornington Township, Canada West, the son of Scottish immigrants. He married Ella O. F. Hutchison. He was deputy reeve for Mornington Township from 1892 to 1893. Grieve's election in 1891 was overturned on appeal but he won the subsequent by-election in 1892. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1896. Grieve was also a director of the Elma Fire Insurance Company and the Farmer's Institute for the North Region of Perth.

|-

|Liberal
|GRIEVE, James Nicol
|align="right"| acclaimed
|}

References

The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1891, AJ Gemmill

1855 births
1918 deaths
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Liberal Party of Canada MPs


Eremanthe is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Eremanthe chemsaki, Chemsak's desert moth, which is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California. It is also found in Mexico.

Adults are diurnal and are on wing from March to May.

References

Odontiini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Eugene G. Munroe


Mademoiselle de Guise may refer to:

Mary of Guise (1515–1560) mother of Mary, Queen of Scots.
Catherine of Lorraine (1552–1596) daughter of Francis of Lorraine, Duke of Guise and Anne d'Este, wife of Louis, Duke of Montpensier.
Louise Marguerite of Lorraine (1588–1631) daughter of Henri, Duke of Guise and Catherine of Cleves, wife of François, Prince of Conti.
Marie of Lorraine, Duchess of Guise (1615–1688) daughter of Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Guise and Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse.
Louise Henriette Françoise of Lorraine (1707–1737) daughter of Anne, Count of Harcourt and Marie Louise Jeannin de Castille, wife of Emmanuel Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon.


Eretmopteryx is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Eretmopteryx flabelligera, which is found in Madagascar.

References

Pyraustinae
Monotypic moth genera
Taxa named by Max Saalmüller
Moths of Madagascar
Crambidae genera


Erilusa is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Erilusa croceipes C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875
Erilusa leucoplagalis (Hampson, 1899)
Erilusa secta

Former species
Erilusa nitealis C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)


Erinothus is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Erinothus lollialis, which is found on Borneo.

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by George Hampson


Eristena is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
bifurcalis species group
Eristena bifurcalis (Pryer, 1877)
Eristena curvula F.Q. Chen, S.M. Song & C.S. Wu, 2006
Eristena longibursa F.Q. Chen, S.M. Song & C.S. Wu, 2006
Eristena lunaris You, Li & Wang, 2003
Eristena medexpansa You, Li & Wang in You, Li & Wang, 2003
Eristena minutale (Caradja, 1932)
Eristena szechuanalis (Caradja, 1934)
fulva species group
Eristena brevisigna F.Q. Chen, S.M. Song & C.S. Wu, 2006
Eristena fulva Yoshiyasu, 1987
Eristena mesilauensis Mey, 2009
Eristena monika Mey, 2009
Eristena pulchellale (Hampson, 1893)
Eristena pumila Yoshiyasu, 1987
Eristena tanongchiti Yoshiyasu, 1984
Eristena tridentata F.Q. Chen, S.M. Song & C.S. Wu, 2006
unknown species group
Eristena albifurcalis (Hampson, 1906)
Eristena araealis (Hampson, 1897)
Eristena argentata Yoshiyasu, 1988
Eristena auropunctalis (Hampson, 1903)
Eristena camptoteles (Hampson, 1906)
Eristena chrysozonalis (Hampson, 1912)
Eristena endosaris (Meyrick, 1894)
Eristena excisalis (Snellen, 1901)
Eristena fumibasale (Hampson, 1896)
Eristena gregaria Yoshiyasu, 1984
Eristena grisealis Rothschild, 1915
Eristena mangalis Murphy, 1989
Eristena melanotalis (Hampson, 1906)
Eristena murinalis Warren, 1896
Eristena oligostigmalis Hampson, 1906
Eristena ornata (Moore, 1885)
Eristena orthoteles (Meyrick, 1894)
Eristena parvalis (Moore, 1877)
Eristena postalbalis (Hampson, 1893)
Eristena shafferi Murphy, 1989
Eristena straminealis Hampson, 1903
Eristena syagrusalis (Walker, 1859)
Eristena thalassalis Murphy, 1989

References

 ,
 , 2009: New aquatic moths from high elevations of Mt. Kinabalu in northern Borneo (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Acentropinae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 119 (3). 99-107.
 , 1989: Three new species of nymphuline moths from Singapore mangroves provisionally attributed to Eristena Warren (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 37 (1-2): 142-159. Full article: .
  2003: New species of Aquatic moths from the Philippines (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Insecta Koreana 20 (1): 7-49.
 , 1999: Catalogue of the Oriental Acentropinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 142 (1): 125-142. Full article: .
 , 2003: A taxonomic study on the genus Eristena Warren, 1896 from China (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Nymphulinae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 28 (2): 302-306.

Acentropinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by William Warren (entomologist)


Erpis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1863. It contains only one species, Erpis macularis, which is found on Borneo.

The forewings are whitish with a blackish discal spot and four blackish bands.

References

External links

Cybalomiinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)


Herbert Hill may refer to:
Herbert Hill (basketball) (born 1984), American basketball player
Herbert Hill (baseball) (1891–1970), baseball player
Herbert Hill (footballer) (1887–1955), Australian footballer
Herbert Hill (labor director) (1924–2004), labor director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Herbert Hill (cricketer), English cricketer


Dr. Bhupen Hazarika Regional Government Film and Television Institute, formerly known as the Jyoti Chitraban Film and Television Institute, is the only government-owned film institute in northeastern India located at Sila, Changsari in Assam. It was named after Jyoti Prasad Agarwala, the first Assamese film director and producer. The Jyoti Chitraban Film Studio was established in the year of 1961 by the Government of Assam. The Film Institute was set up at the same Studio premises using the same infrastructure in the year 1999.

History

Having seen the increasing demands for technically well-equipped film technicians in the regional film industry in the last few of years of the 20th century, the Governing Body of Jyoti Chitraban (Film Studio) Society (JCFS) decided to establish a film institute in the Jyoti Chitraban film studio. In this regard the society has acquired the formal permission from the Ministry of Education, Govt. of Assam vide letter No. TEC. 131/96/22 dated Dispur, 14 December 1998 to establish the institute & thus the institute came into existence on 17 January 1999. by the name Jyoti Chitraban Film and Television Institute (JCFTI).

Jyoti Chitraban (Film Studio) Society remained as the mother concern providing all sorts of existing audio-visual equipments of the studio and other logistics required to run the institute till 2011. In 2011 the institute was bifurcated from the studio and became a complete government entity by the name Regional Government Film and Television Institute (RGFTI).  Then again in 2016 the institute was renamed as Dr. Bhupen Hazarika Regional Government Film and Television Institute (DBHRGFTI) by the Govt. of Assam.

For many years DBHRGFTI was the only institute of its kind in the entire north-eastern region of India. It’s a regional center of excellence in the field of film & television education and programme production. The institute, considered as one of the leading film & television institutes of the country, emphasizes on holistic development of its students as a film maker through interactive practical training on various aspects of film education. A closely networked industry-institute interface is ensured through invitation of guest lecturers from the industry, regular visits to the studios and laboratories, organizing workshops, conferences and seminars, attending film festivals etc.

The Guwahati International Film Festival (GIFF) is put on by the Jyoti Chitraban (Film Studio) Society in cooperation with the Dr. Bhupen Hazarika Regional Government Film and Television Institute in Assam, India. The festival will take place in Guwahati from October 28 through November 2 at Jyoti Chitraban Film Studio and Srimanta Sankardev Kalakshetra.

The studio today
The film studio covers an area of 73 bigha. It is equipped with ultra-modern floors, ultra-modern trolley-volley-cum-crane, 16 mm movie camera, lights etc. Till now, more than 200 films have been released from it.

Courses offered
Now the institute offers some courses related to film and television are:
 Diploma in Audiography and Sound Engineering
 Diploma in Motion Picture Photography
 Diploma in Editing Motion Picture
 Certificate in Applied Acting

See also
 Film and Television Institute of India
 Bhartendu Natya Academy
 Cinema of India
 Film and Television Institute of India alumni
 Film school
 Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute
 State Institute of Film and Television
 Government Film and Television Institute
 M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute
 Biju Pattnaik Film and Television Institute of Odisha

References

External links
Official website

Indian film studios
Film organisations in India
Cinema of Assam
Film schools in India
Film production companies of Assam
Memorials to Bhupen Hazarika
1961 establishments in Assam
Organizations established in 1961


Ertrica is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Ertrica purpurealis, which is found in Colombia.

References

Odontiinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)


Erupa is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Erupa adiposalis (Dognin, 1912)
Erupa argentescens Hampson, 1896
Erupa argentilinea Druce, 1910
Erupa argyrosticta (Hampson, 1919)
Erupa bilineatella (Walker, 1866)
Erupa chiloides Walker, 1864
Erupa chilopsisina Schaus, 1922
Erupa cluaca Druce, 1900
Erupa congruella (Walker, 1866)
Erupa digrammica Hampson, 1919
Erupa discordella Schaus, 1913
Erupa eambardella (Schaus, 1922)
Erupa gigantea Druce, 1900
Erupa gyges Druce, 1900
Erupa herstanellus (Schaus, 1922)
Erupa huarmellus Schaus, 1922
Erupa impunctella Schaus, 1922
Erupa invidella Schaus, 1913
Erupa lactealis Hampson, 1896
Erupa luceria Druce, 1902
Erupa nampa Schaus, 1929
Erupa nigrescentella Hampson, 1896
Erupa olorana Schaus, 1934
Erupa patara Druce, 1902
Erupa plumbealis Hampson, 1919
Erupa pravella Schaus, 1913
Erupa prodigialis (Zeller, 1877)
Erupa puncticilialis Hampson, 1919
Erupa rhaetia Druce, 1900
Erupa ruptilineella Hampson, 1896
Erupa schoenobina Hampson, 1919
Erupa similis Druce, 1899
Erupa somenella Schaus, 1922
Erupa teinopalpia (Hampson, 1913)
Erupa titana Druce, 1910
Erupa titanalis C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875

References

Erupini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)


Eschata is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Description
Palpi porrect (extending forward), reaching slightly beyond the frons and thickly scaled. Maxillary palp dilated with scales and nearly as long as labial. Frons produced to an acute corneous point. Antennae of male thickened and flattened. Tibia and tarsal joints fringed with long hairs. Forewings with vein 3 from before the angle of cell. Vein 7 from cell, anastomosing (fusing) or stalked with veins 8 and 9. Vein 10 free, whereas vein 11 curved and running along the vein 12. Hindwings with veins 3, 4 and 5 from angle of cell and veins 6 and 7 from upper angle.

Species
Eschata aida Błeszyński, 1970
Eschata argentata Moore, 1888
Eschata chrysargyria (Walker, 1865)
Eschata conspurcata Moore, 1888
Eschata gelida Walker, 1856
Eschata hainanensis Wang & Sung, 1981
Eschata himalaica Błeszyński, 1965
Eschata horrida Wang & Sung, 1981
Eschata irrorata Hampson, 1919
Eschata isabella Błeszyński, 1965
Eschata melanocera Hampson, 1896
Eschata minuta Wang & Sung, 1981
Eschata miranda Błeszyński, 1965
Eschata ochreipes Hampson, 1891
Eschata percandida Swinhoe, 1890
Eschata quadrispinea W. Li & Liu, 2012
Eschata radiata Swinhoe, 1906
Eschata rembrandti Błeszyński, 1970
Eschata rififi Błeszyński, 1965
Eschata rococo Błeszyński, 1970
Eschata shafferella Błeszyński, 1965
Eschata shanghaiensis Wang & Sung, 1981
Eschata smithi Błeszyński, 1970
Eschata tricornia Song & Chen in Chen, Song & Yuan, 2003
Eschata truncata Song & Chen in Chen, Song & Yuan, 2003
Eschata xanthocera Hampson, 1896
Eschata xanthorhyncha Hampson, 1896

References

Chiloini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)


The Chaplet of the Seven Sorrows, also known as the Rosary of the Seven Sorrows or the Servite Rosary, is a Rosary based prayer that originated with  the Servite Order. It is often said in connection with the Seven Dolours of Mary.

It is a chaplet consisting of a ring of seven groups of seven beads separated by a small medal depicting one of the sorrows of Mary, or a single bead. A further series of three beads and a medal are also attached to the chain (before the first "sorrow") and these are dedicated to prayer in honour of Mary's Tears, as well as to indicate the beginning of the chaplet. Conventionally the beads are of black wood or some other black material indicating sorrow. It has also been called the Seven Swords Rosary referring to the prophecy of Simeon:
"Behold this child is set for the fall, and for the resurrection of many in Israel, and for a sign which shall be contradicted; and thy own soul a sword shall pierce, that, out of many hearts, thoughts may be revealed." - (Lk.2:34-35)

It received approval through the grant of indulgences by Pope Benedict XII, Pope Clement XII, and Pope Clement XIII.

History

This devotion to the Our Sorrowful Mother was originated in the thirteenth century, when seven professional men from Florence, which was an important commercial center of Europe,  were influenced by the penitential spirit common to the Brothers of Penance with whom they were in close contact.  In 1240 they withdrew from the world to pray and serve the Lord, leading a life of penance, prayer and service to Mary. Because of so many visitors, they retreated again to Monte Senario, where the Servites (Servants of Mary) was formed. By 1244, under the direction of Peter of Verona, they began to wear a religious habit similar to the Dominicans and began to live under the rule of Saint Augustine. The Servites devoted their prayer to the rosary of the Seven Sorrows. The choice of the number was derived from the symbolic value of the number seven, suggesting fullness, completeness, and abundance. Consequently, only the principal sorrows are listed.

The chaplet recalls the Sorrows the Virgin Mother of God endured in compassion for the suffering and death of her Divine Son. The Seven Dolors are taken from Scripture events and the devotion has a long history, and developed gradually. Before Pope Pius VII's formal approval, the Servite Order had permission in 1668 to celebrate the Feast of the Seven Dolors because the Order was instrumental in popularizing the Seven Sorrows Devotion. Members of the Servite Order actively promoted the Chaplet of the Seven Sorrows during the time of the Black Death (1347-1351).

Meditation methods
Methods of praying the chaplet vary. This devotion may be spread over a week, commemorating one sorrow each day, or it may be prayed as whole in a single day.

A method provided by the 1866 version of "The Raccolta" is shown below. The recitation begins with the sign of the cross and an Act of contrition. Each sorrow is announced, (and in some versions of the recitation, a meditative prayer is said, or a segment from the Hymn Stabat Mater Dolorosa). Then on the separate bead an Our Father is said, followed by a Hail Mary for each of the seven beads. Some then close the septet of Hail Marys with a brief invocation to Our Lady of Sorrows (Commonly: "Sorrowful and Immaculate Heart of Mary pray for us"), or a Glory Be. The next sorrow is then announced, and carried out in the same manner until all seven have been meditated upon. The three Hail Marys dedicated to her tears are said and then a closing prayer is said. The most commonly known or traditional closing prayer in the English speaking world is the following:

V. Pray for us, O most sorrowful Virgin.
R. That we may be made worthy of the promises of Christ.

Let us pray.
Lord Jesus, we now implore, both for the present and for the hour of our death, the intercession of the most Blessed Virgin Mary, Thy Mother, whose holy soul was pierced at the time of Thy passion by a sword of grief. Grant us this favor, O Saviour of the world, Who liveth and reigneth with the Father and the Holy Ghost, forever and ever. Amen.

Mother of the Word

On July 2, 2001, the Holy See released a declaration by Augustin Misago, Bishop of Gikongoro, on Marian apparitions that took place in 1981-83 in Kibeho, Rwanda indicating that they were “worthy of belief”. The visionaries, three local schoolgirls, reported seeing the Virgin Mary who identified herself to them as Nyina wa Jambo (Kinyarwanda for “Mother of the Word”). Mary instructed the third seer, Marie-Claire Mukangango, to spread the devotion of the Seven Sorrows Rosary. Mukangango quoted the Virgin as saying:

“One must meditate on the Passion of Jesus, and on the deep sorrows of His Mother. One must recite the Rosary every day, and also the Rosary of the Seven Sorrows of Mary, to obtain the favour of repentance.”

See also
 Our Lady of Kibeho
 Our Lady of Sorrows

Notes

References
 Matthew Bunson, 2004, Encyclopedia of Catholic History, OSV Press

External links
 "Servite Rosary", National Sanctuary of Our Sorrowful Mother

Catholic spirituality
Catholic devotions
Seven Sorrows of Mary


Adam Fraser (1871 – after 1895) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 19 appearances in the First Division of the Football League for Small Heath. He played as a left half.

Fraser was born in Paisley, Renfrewshire. He played football for Glasgow Nomads and for former Scottish Football League club Northern, before coming to England to join Football League First Division club Small Heath in November 1895. He made his debut on 30 November in an 8–0 defeat at Derby County, but kept his place, and was ever-present for the remainder of the season. Fraser finished his Small Heath career with an 8–0 win, against Manchester City in the test matches which determined Small Heath's relegation to the Second Division. He then returned to Scotland and signed for Heart of Midlothian, but never played for their first team.

References

1871 births
Year of death missing
Footballers from Paisley, Renfrewshire
Scottish men's footballers
Men's association football wing halves
Northern F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Heart of Midlothian F.C. players
English Football League players
Date of birth missing
Place of death missing


Euchromius is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It was described by Achille Guenée in 1845.

Species

Euchromius anapiellus (Zeller, 1847)
Euchromius aris Schouten, 1988
Euchromius bella (Hübner, 1796)
Euchromius bleszynskiellus Popescu-Gorj, 1964
Euchromius bleszynskii Roesler, 1975
Euchromius brunnealis (Hampson, 1919)
Euchromius californicalis (Packard, 1873)
Euchromius cambridgei (Zeller, 1867)
Euchromius circulus Schouten, 1992
Euchromius confusus Schouten, 1992
Euchromius cornus Schouten, 1990
Euchromius discopis (Hampson, 1919)
Euchromius donum Schouten, 1988
Euchromius erum Schouten, 1988
Euchromius galapagosalis Capps, 1966
Euchromius geminus Schouten, 1988
Euchromius gnathosellus Schouten, 1988
Euchromius gozmanyi Bleszynski, 1961
Euchromius gratiosella (Caradja, 1910)
Euchromius hampsoni (Rothschild, 1921)
Euchromius jaxartella (Erschoff, 1874)
Euchromius keredjella (Amsel, 1949)
Euchromius klimeschi Bleszynski, 1961
Euchromius labellum Schouten, 1988
Euchromius limaellus Bleszynski, 1967
Euchromius locustus Schouten, 1988
Euchromius malekalis Amsel, 1961
Euchromius matador Bleszynski, 1966
Euchromius micralis (Hampson, 1919)
Euchromius minutus Schouten, 1992
Euchromius mouchai Bleszynski, 1961
Euchromius mythus Bleszynski, 1970
Euchromius nigrobasalis Schouten, 1988
Euchromius nivalis (Caradja in Caradja & Meyrick, 1937)
Euchromius ocellea (Haworth, 1811)
Euchromius ornatus Schouten, 1992
Euchromius pulverosa (Christoph in Romanoff, 1887)
Euchromius pygmaea (E. Hering, 1903)
Euchromius ramburiellus (Duponchel, 1836)
Euchromius rayatella (Amsel, 1949)
Euchromius saltalis Capps, 1966
Euchromius scobiolae Bleszynski, 1965
Euchromius subcambridgei Bleszynski, 1965
Euchromius sudanellus Bleszynski, 1965
Euchromius superbellus (Zeller, 1849)
Euchromius tanalis Schouten, 1988
Euchromius viettei Bleszynski, 1961
Euchromius vinculellus (Zeller, 1847)
Euchromius zagulajevi Bleszynski, 1965
Euchromius zephyrus Bleszynski, 1962

References

External links

Taxa named by Achille Guenée
Crambidae genera


Euclasta is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Julius Lederer


The Semme () is a  river in the Creuse and Haute-Vienne departments, in central France. Its source is in Saint-Priest-la-Feuille. It flows generally west and is  a right tributary of the Gartempe, into which it flows near le Bouchard, a hamlet in the municipality of Droux.

Departments and communes along its course
This list is ordered from source to mouth:
Creuse: Saint-Priest-la-Feuille, Saint-Pierre-de-Fursac, Saint-Maurice-la-Souterraine
Haute-Vienne: Fromental, Saint-Amand-Magnazeix, Bessines-sur-Gartempe, Châteauponsac, Villefavard, Rancon, Droux

References

Rivers of France
Rivers of Creuse
Rivers of Haute-Vienne
Rivers of Nouvelle-Aquitaine


Euctenospila is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Euctenospila castalis, which is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo (West Kasai) and Ethiopia.

References

Odontiinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by William Warren (entomologist)


Eudaimonisma is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Eudaimonisma batchelorella, which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland, the Northern Territory and South Australia.

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera


Eudipleurina is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Eudipleurina ambrensis Leraut, 1989
Eudipleurina ankaratrella (Marion, 1957)
Eudipleurina viettei Leraut, 1989

References

Scopariinae
Crambidae genera


Eudonia is a large and widespread genus in the grass moth family (Crambidae), subfamily Scopariinae. There is no common name for the roughly 250 species placed here; new species are still being described regularly. Although the genus was proposed early in the 19th century, many of these moths were for a long time retained in Scoparia, the type genus of the subfamily and a close relative of Eudonia. A few small genera have been proposed for separation from Eudonia, but given the size of this group this is not particularly convincing; thus, all are retained here pending a comprehensive phylogenetic review.

Description and ecology
They are usually greyish-brownish and rather inconspicuous moths, though some are more boldly patterned in blackish, pale and even yellow hues. Like their close relatives, they lack the loop formed by forewing veins 1a/1b, and their labial palps are elongated and project straightly, appearing like a pointed "beak". The genitals have a characteristically simple shape in this genus; while they cannot usually be depended upon to differ significantly between species, they allow to distinguish this genus from similar moths. In the males, the clasper's harpe has few if any unusual features, the aedeagus is usually a rather nondescript rod, and the vesica bears a characteristic small disc with a grainy surface. In females, the ductus bursae is kinked at the junction of the forward (membranous) and hind (sclerotized) parts, with a particularly heavy sclerotized triangle bearing small teeth half-hidden in the kink.

They are common across the world's continents except in deserts, on high mountains, and in glaciated areas. They are apparently able to disperse well over water, as evidenced by the Polynesian radiations which occur mainly from Hawaiian Islands to the Austral Islands as well as on New Zealand; several of these island endemics might nowadays be rare or extinct due to the disappearance of their food plants, but overall the genus is not yet very well studied. As far as is known, the caterpillar larvae of most Eudonia feed on mosses, namely of subclasses Bryidae and Dicranidae; some also eat lichen. In a few cases, other food plants have been recorded or suspected, such as Colobanthus pearlworts or woody asterids of genus Olearia (daisy-bushes).

Species

 Eudonia abrupta
 Eudonia achlya
 Eudonia actias
 Eudonia aeolias
 Eudonia aequalis
 Eudonia albafascicula
 Eudonia albertalis
 Eudonia albilinea
 Eudonia alopecias
 Eudonia alpina  (including E. lugubralis)
 Eudonia alticola
 Eudonia amphicypella
 Eudonia angustea
 Eudonia anthracias
 Eudonia antimacha
 Eudonia aphrodes
 Eudonia apicifusca
 Eudonia aplysia
 Eudonia ara
 Eudonia asaleuta
 Eudonia aspidota
 Eudonia asterisca
 Eudonia atmogramma
 Eudonia australialis
 Eudonia axena
 Eudonia balanopis
 Eudonia bidentata
 Eudonia bisinualis
 Eudonia bronzalis
 Eudonia bucolica
 Eudonia camerounensis
 Eudonia cataxesta
 Eudonia cavata
 Eudonia chalara
 Eudonia characta
 Eudonia chlamydota
 Eudonia choristis
 Eudonia chrysomicta
 Eudonia chrysopetra
 Eudonia citrocosma
 Eudonia clavula
 Eudonia cleodoralis
 Eudonia clerica
 Eudonia clonodes
 Eudonia colpota
 Eudonia commortalis
 Eudonia crassiuscula
 Eudonia crataea
 Eudonia critica
 Eudonia cryerodes
 Eudonia crypsinoa
 Eudonia cymatias
 Eudonia cyptastis
 Eudonia dactyliopa
 Eudonia decorella
 Eudonia deltophora
 Eudonia delunella
 Eudonia demodes
 Eudonia dinodes
 Eudonia diphtheralis
 Eudonia dochmia
 Eudonia duospinata
 Eudonia dupla
 Eudonia echo
 Eudonia empeda
 Eudonia entabeniensis
 Eudonia epicremna
 Eudonia epicryma
 Eudonia epimystis
 Eudonia erebochalca
 Eudonia eremitis
 Eudonia excursalis
 Eudonia exilis
 Eudonia expallidalis
 Eudonia exterminata
 Eudonia extincta
 Eudonia feredayi
 Eudonia fogoalis
 Eudonia formosa
 Eudonia fotounii
 Eudonia franciscalis
 Eudonia franclemonti
 Eudonia frigida
 Eudonia furva
 Eudonia geminoflexuosa
 Eudonia geraea
 Eudonia gigantea
 Eudonia gonodecta
 Eudonia gracilineata
 Eudonia gressitti
 Eudonia griveaudi
 Eudonia gyrotoma
 Eudonia halirrhoa
 Eudonia hawaiiensis
 Eudonia hemicycla
 Eudonia hemiplaca
 Eudonia heterosalis
 Eudonia hexamera
 Eudonia homala
 Eudonia ianthes
 Eudonia idiogama
 Eudonia inexoptata
 Eudonia inouei
 Eudonia interlinealis
 Eudonia ischnias
 Eudonia isophaea
 Eudonia ivelonensis
 Eudonia jucunda
 Eudonia lacustrata
 Eudonia laetella
 Eudonia legnota
 Eudonia leptalea
 Eudonia leucogramma
 Eudonia leucophthalma
 Eudonia liebmanni
 Eudonia lijiangensis
 Eudonia lindbergalis
 Eudonia linealis
 Eudonia lineola
 Eudonia locularis
 Eudonia loxocentra
 Eudonia luminatrix
 Eudonia luteusalis
 Eudonia lycopodiae
 Eudonia madagascariensis
 Eudonia magna
 Eudonia magnibursa
 Eudonia malawiensis
 Eudonia malgassicella
 Eudonia manganeutis
 Eudonia marioni
 Eudonia marmarias
 Eudonia mawsoni
 Eudonia medinella
 Eudonia melanaegis
 Eudonia melanocephala
 Eudonia melanographa
 Eudonia melichlora
 Eudonia meliturga
 Eudonia mercurella
 Eudonia meristis
 Eudonia mesoleuca
 Eudonia miantis
 Eudonia microdontalis
 Eudonia microphthalma
 Eudonia minima
 Eudonia minualis
 Eudonia minusculalis
 Eudonia montana
 Eudonia munroei
 Eudonia murana  – Scotch gray, wall grey
 Eudonia nakajimai
 Eudonia nectarioides
 Eudonia notozeucta
 Eudonia nyctombra
 Eudonia octophora
 Eudonia oculata
 Eudonia oenopis
 Eudonia oertneri
 Eudonia officialis
 Eudonia okuensis
 Eudonia ombrodes
 Eudonia opostactis
 Eudonia oreas
 Eudonia organaea
 Eudonia orthioplecta
 Eudonia orthoria
 Eudonia owadai
 Eudonia oxythyma
 Eudonia pachyerga
 Eudonia pachysema
 Eudonia paghmanella
 Eudonia pallida
 Eudonia paltomacha
 Eudonia parachlora
 Eudonia paraequalis
 Eudonia parviangusta
 Eudonia passalota
 Eudonia pentaspila
 Eudonia perierga
 Eudonia perinetensis
 Eudonia periphanes
 Eudonia peronetis
 Eudonia persimilis
 Eudonia petrophila
 Eudonia phaeoleuca
 Eudonia philerga
 Eudonia philetaera
 Eudonia philorphna
 Eudonia piroformis
 Eudonia platyscia
 Eudonia pongalis
 Eudonia probolaea  (including E. omichlopis)
 Eudonia promiscua
 Eudonia protorthra
 Eudonia psammitis
 Eudonia psednopa
 Eudonia puellaris
 Eudonia pygmina
 Eudonia quaestoria
 Eudonia rakaiensis
 Eudonia rectilinea
 Eudonia rectilineata
 Eudonia religiosa
 Eudonia rhombias
 Eudonia rotundalis
 Eudonia sabulosellus
 Eudonia schwarzalis
 Eudonia scoriella
 Eudonia senecaensis
 Eudonia shafferi
 Eudonia siderina
 Eudonia singulannulata
 Eudonia sogai
 Eudonia spaldingalis
 Eudonia spectacularis
 Eudonia speideli
 Eudonia spenceri
 Eudonia stenota
 Eudonia steropaea
 Eudonia strigalis
 Eudonia struthias
 Eudonia subditella
 Eudonia submarginalis
 Eudonia sudetica
 Eudonia synapta
 Eudonia taiwanalpina
 Eudonia tetranesa
 Eudonia thalamias
 Eudonia thomealis
 Eudonia threnodes
 Eudonia thyellopis
 Eudonia thyridias
 Eudonia tibetalis
 Eudonia tivira
 Eudonia torniplagalis
 Eudonia torodes
 Eudonia triacma
 Eudonia triclera
 Eudonia trivirgatus
 Eudonia truncicolella
 Eudonia tyraula
 Eudonia tyrophanta
 Eudonia umbrosa
 Eudonia ustiramis
 Eudonia vallesialis
 Eudonia venosa
 Eudonia viettei
 Eudonia vinasalis
 Eudonia vivida
 Eudonia wolongensis
 Eudonia xysmatias
 Eudonia yaoundeiensis
 Eudonia ycarda
 Eudonia zhongdianensis
 Eudonia zophochlaena
 Eudonia zophochlora

Footnotes

References
  (1986): Pyralidae and Microlepidoptera of the Marquesas Archipelago. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 416: 1-485. PDF fulltext  (214 MB!)
  (2010) Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms – Diaphania indica. Version of April 6, 2010. Retrieved October 14, 2011.
 , 1984: Contribution à l'étude des Scopariinae. 4. Révision des types décrits de la région paléarctique occidentale, description de dix nouveaux taxa et ébauche d'une liste des espèces de cette région. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie Alexanor: 157-192.
 , 1985: Contribution à l'étude des Scopariinae. 5. Quatre nouveaux taxa d'Afghanistan. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie N.S. 2 (3): 325-329.
 , 1986: Contribution à l'étude des Scopariinae. 6. Dix nouveaux taxa,  trois genres, de Chine et du nord de l'Inde. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie N.S. 3 (1): 123-131.
 , 2012: One new species of the genus Eudonia Billberg (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Scopariinae) from China. Entomotaxonomia 34 (2): 267-269.
 , 2012: Taxonomic revision of the genus Eudonia Billberg, 1820 from China (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Scopariinae). Zootaxa 3273: 1-27.
 , 1998: The Scopariinae and Heliothelinae stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) of the Oriental Region-a revisional synopsis with descriptions of new species from the Philippines and Sumatra. Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo Supplement 17: 475-528.
 , 1998: Notes on the Scopariinae from Taiwan, with descriptions of nine new species (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Tinea 15 (3): 191-201.

External links

Scopariinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Gustaf Johan Billberg
Eudonia


Eufernaldia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Eufernaldia cadarellus (Druce, 1896)
Eufernaldia misgabellus (Druce, 1896)
Eufernaldia panamella Schaus, 1922
Eufernaldia sinaloellus (Schaus, 1922)

References

Ancylolomiini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by George Duryea Hulst


Eugauria is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Eugauria albidentata, which is found on Java.

References

Musotiminae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick


The Assassin () is a 1961 Italian crime film directed by Elio Petri. It is the feature film debut of Petri. It was entered into the 11th Berlin International Film Festival.

Plot
Early one morning at an expensive apartment in Rome, the police arrest Alfredo, a good-looking bachelor who runs an upmarket antique business selling fakes. The charge is murder: Adalgisa, his wealthy former mistress, has been found dead in a seaside hotel. Alfredo is dumbfounded, since he had visited her that night to ask for more time to repay a loan and they had made love, but he would never have dreamed of killing her.

His life becomes a nightmare as the police stick regardless to their theory, interrogating him endlessly and probing into his past life. He comes to see that the existence he had never examined before was founded on egoism and lies. His relationships with his widowed mother, with his innocent fiancée, with the customers he cheated, and with the dead Adalgisa were all hollowed out by his superficiality and selfishness.

Next morning the police release him into the street, realising at last that he is innocent of the murder. But all his other problems remain.

Cast

Release
The Assassin was released on April 1, 1961. It was distributed by Titanus.

References

References

External links

1961 films
1960s crime thriller films
Giallo films
Italian crime thriller films
Italian black-and-white films
1960s Italian-language films
Films directed by Elio Petri
Films with screenplays by Tonino Guerra
1961 directorial debut films
1960s Italian films


Eulepte is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Eulepte alialis (Guenée, 1854)
Eulepte anticostalis (Grote, 1871)
Eulepte concordalis Hübner, 1825
Eulepte gastralis (Guenée, 1854)
Eulepte inguinalis (Guenée, 1854)
Eulepte vogli Amsel, 1956

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner


Marcus Trick (born 5 January 1977) is a former German international rugby union player, playing for the SC Neuenheim in the Rugby-Bundesliga and the German national rugby union team.

Biography
Marcus Trick, born in Rottweil, started playing rugby when he was 17 years old in 1994, joining local club RC Rottweil. In 1999 he and his younger brother Armon Trick signed with SC Neuenheim. Since then he played for the SC Neuenheim, except when he spent four months with the Spanish club RC L´Hospitalet in 2004.

He earned his first cap for Germany in 2000 against the Ukraine and played 20 times for Germany since then. His greatest success as a national team player was the promotion to Division 1 of the European Nations Cup in 2008. He was finally capped for Germany in 2010 against Romania.

On domestic level, he won two German championships with his club team in 2003 and 2004 and made losing appearances in the 2001 finals against DRC Hannover and again in 2006 against RG Heidelberg and 2013 against Heidelberger RK.

At the end of the 2011-12 season it has been speculated that he and his brother would both end their career. Despite those rumors Marcus was still a member of the SCN squad in season 2012/2013 and regularly lined up in the Bundesliga. The lost championship final in 2013 turned out to be his last appearance in the Bundesliga as he announced his resignation during the 2013/2014 preseason.

Honours

Club
 German rugby union championship
 Winner: 2003, 2004
 Runners up: 2001, 2006, 2013
 German rugby union cup
 Winner: 1999, 2001
 Runners up: 2002, 2010

National team
 European Nations Cup - Division 2
 Champions: 2008

Stats
Marcus Trick's personal statistics in club and international rugby:

Club

 As of 10 April 2015

National team

European Nations Cup

Friendlies & other competitions

 As of 25 February 2010

References

External links
  Marcus Trick profile at totalrugby.de

1977 births
Living people
People from Rottweil (district)
Sportspeople from Freiburg (region)
Rugby union props
German rugby union players
Germany international rugby union players
SC Neuenheim players


The World Conference on Human Rights was held by the United Nations in Vienna, Austria, on 14 to 25 June 1993. It was the first human rights conference held since the end of the Cold War. The main result of the conference was the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action.

Background
Although the United Nations had long been active in the field of human rights, the Vienna conference was only the second global conference to focus exclusively on human rights, with the first having been the International Conference on Human Rights held in Teheran, Iran, during April–May 1968 to mark the twentieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The Vienna conference came at a time when world conferences were popular, with the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development having been held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992, and the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, Egypt, soon following in September 1994. More conferences would follow after that, including the World Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen, Denmark, in March 1995 and the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, in September 1995. Such conferences were seen as a way to promote global participation, consultation, and policy formation, and were seen as a likely significant new way to influence the direction of international society.

The notion of having a world conference on human rights was first proposed in 1989. The end of the Cold War brought about the hope that the long stalemate and distortion of United Nations behaviors due to the bipolar superpower confrontation would cease.

In the run-up to the 1993 conference, much of the optimism of the 1989 era was lost. Preparatory conferences were held in Geneva, Switzerland, beginning in 1991, as were a number of regional and satellite meetings. These struggled to produce new ideas that countries could agree upon, and highlighted differences surrounding the role of state sovereignty, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and whether new or strengthened human rights instruments for the UN were feasible and impartial. The United Nations General Assembly was eventually forced to decide upon the conference's agenda in 1992. Pierre Sané, the Secretary General of Amnesty International, was concerned that conference might represent a backwards step for human rights. He added, "It's not surprising that governments are not overenthusiastic. After all, they are the ones violating human rights."

Conference
The World Conference on Human Rights was attended by representatives of 171 nations and 800 NGOs, with some 7,000 participants overall. This made it the largest gathering ever on human rights. It was organised by Human Rights expert John Pace.

There was much discussion ahead of the conference on what could and could not be said during it. The rules adopted stated that no specific countries or places could be mentioned where human rights abuses were taking place, including those involved in current conflicts such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Angola, and Liberia, and those subject to ongoing human rights criticism, such as China and Cuba. Instead, human rights abuses were to be discussed in the abstract only; this led The New York Times to state that the conference was taking place "In an atmosphere strangely removed from reality." In particular, that the ongoing Bosnian War was taking place only an hour's flight from Vienna testified dramatically that no new era of international cooperation had come into place.

Despite the rules, organizations and demonstrators at the conference's physical site were happy to mention specific ongoing abuses all around the world, with many displaying atrocity photographs in an attempt to out-do each other. One person concerned about the Polisario Front and Western Sahara situation said, "It's hard to be noticed."

The conference did have an expansive view of human rights, with efforts made to highlight women's rights, indigenous peoples' rights, minority rights, and more in the context of universal political and economic rights. Women's rights in particular gained a strong and effective presence at the conference.

One fault line at the conference was Western nations who proclaimed a universal meaning to human rights versus nations who said that human rights needed to be interpreted differently in non-Western cultures and that attempts to impose a universal definition amounted to interference in their internal affairs. The latter group was led by China, Syria and Iran, and also included a number of Asian nations such as Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. On the opening day of the conference, U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher spoke out strongly against this notion, saying "We cannot let cultural relativism become the last refuge of repression."

Former U.S. House of Representatives member and vice presidential candidate Geraldine Ferraro attended the conference as the alternate U.S. delegate, and was one of the attendees heavily interested in women's rights aspects.

In spite of pressures from the People's Republic of China, the 14th Dalai Lama was able to give a talk at the conference on human responsibilities.

Results

The key result of the World Conference on Human Rights was the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, which was formulated late in the meeting and was adopted by consensus of 171 states on 25 June 1993. While one possible interpretation sees this document as a "well crafted but empty exhortation", it did come to represent as much of a consensus as could be found on human rights in the early 1990s. And it did in fact set new marks in human rights work in several areas. It established the interdependence of democracy, economic development, and human rights. Specifically, it replaced the Cold War division of Civil and Political Rights (CPR) apart from Economic Social and Cultural rights (ESCR) with the concept of rights being indivisible (one cannot take one type of rights without the other), interdependent (one set of rights needs the other to be realised), and inter-related (that all human rights relate to each other). It called for the creation of instruments to publicize and protect the rights of women, children, and indigenous peoples. It requested more funding for the United Nations Center for Human Rights.  Most significantly, it called for a new office, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.

The United Nations General Assembly subsequently endorsed the declaration as part of Resolution 48/121. It also created the post of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on 20 December 1993.

By the early 2000s, all of the explicit establishments recommended by the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action had been met in full or in part. The conference also highlighted the importance that NGOs would continue to play in the human rights infrastructure.

References

External links
 World Conference on Human Rights at United Nations website

Human rights
1993 in Austria
1993 conferences
United Nations conferences
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Diplomatic conferences in Austria
20th-century diplomatic conferences
1993 in international relations
1990s in Vienna
June 1993 events in Europe
Austria and the United Nations


Euleucinodes is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Hahn William Capps in 1948. It contains only one species, Euleucinodes conifrons, described in the same publication, which is found in Peru.

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Hahn William Capps


Eumaragma is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Eumaragma orthiopis, which is found in Fiji.

References

Pyraustinae
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Fiji
Crambidae genera


Eumorphobotys is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Eumorphobotys concavuncus (Chen & Zhang, 2018)
Eumorphobotys eumorphalis (Caradja, 1925)
Eumorphobotys horakae (Chen & Zhang, 2018)
Eumorphobotys obscuralis (Caradja, 1925)

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Eugene G. Munroe


SM U-117 was a Type UE II long-range minelayer submarine of the Imperial German Navy. She was laid down in 1917, at Hamburg, Germany, by Aktiengesellschaft Vulcan and launched on 10 December 1917. She was commissioned in the Imperial German Navy on 28 March 1918, with Kapitänleutnant Otto Dröscher in command. After shakedown, U-117 was posted to the U-Kreuzer Verband (submarine cruiser unit) on 1 June 1918. Over the next five weeks, she completed fitting out at Kiel.

Service history

Operations off North America
On 11 July, U-117 departed Kiel and took the eastern route through the Baltic Sea around Denmark and out into the North Sea by way of the Skagerrak. After rounding the Shetland Islands, she set a course for the coast of North America to lay minefields off the coast of the United States and to conduct cruiser warfare. During the voyage across the Atlantic, heavy weather foiled her attempts to attack two lone steamers, two convoys, and a small cruiser.

U-117 reached the American coastal zone on 8 August 1918, and her fortunes improved soon thereafter. On 10 August, she encountered a fleet of fishing craft and went on a spree, sinking eight of the vessels with explosives and gunfire. On 12 August, she sighted the ballast-laden steamer Sommerstadt and, after observing that the Norwegian steamer was armed, made a submerged attack that sank her with a single torpedo. The following day, the U-boat made another submerged torpedo attack and hit the  American tanker Frederic R. Kellogg, bound from Tampico, Mexico, to Boston, Massachusetts, with 7,500 barrels of crude oil. The action occurred only  north of Barnegat Light, New Jersey; however, Frederic R. Kellogg was disabled in such shallow water that the Americans were able to salvage her.

Later that same day, the minelayer submarine began the other half of her duty by laying mines near Barnegat Light. The effort subsequently bore fruit when the Mallory Line steamship San Saba struck a mine and sank on 4 October 1918 and the Cuban cargo ship Chaparra struck another mine and sank on 27 October. On 14 August, U-117 took a break from mining operations to resume cruiser warfare when she encountered the American schooner Dorothy B. Barrett. The U-boat brought her deck guns to bear on the sailing vessel and sank her. Shortly thereafter, however, the hunter became the hunted when an American seaplane forced the submarine to seek refuge beneath the surface. The aircraft and submarine chaser  subjected U-117 to a brief barrage of bombs, and SC-71 attacked the submarine with depth charges before losing track of her.

The next day, 15 August 1918, U-117 resumed her mine laying operations off Fenwick Island Light. That field later claimed two victims, one damaged and the other sunk. On 29 September 1918,  struck one of those mines and suffered extensive damage. The Naval Overseas Transportation Service cargo ship  entered the same field on 9 November, struck a mine, and sank. Later that day – still 14 August – the submarine moved farther south and, after laying a third minefield near Winter Quarter Shoals Lightship, halted an American sailing vessel, the  Madrugada, and sank her with gunfire. A patrolling American seaplane foiled a subsequent attempt by the U-boat that day to stop another sailing ship.

On 16 August 1918, U-117 resumed her mining operations, this time off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, but the approach of the  British steamer Mirlo interrupted her labors. Approaching the target submerged, U-117 fired a single torpedo that sent the merchantman to the bottom. Following that attack, the submarine again began laying mines, sowing her fourth and final field. At that point, a severe shortage of fuel forced the U-boat to head for Germany.

Return journey
The return voyage proved to be both more eventful and more successful than the outward-bound cruise. On 17 August 1918, she stopped a Norwegian sailing ship, the  Nordhav, out of Buenos Aires, Argentina, bound for New York laden with linseed. U-117 sailors placed bombs on board the cargo carrier that sank the prize. Three days later, the U-boat engaged in an unsuccessful surface gun duel with an unidentified, strongly armed steamer. On 26 August, she stopped the  Rush and sank that American trawler with bombs placed on board. The next day, U-117 caught sight of the Norwegian freighter Bergsdalen, steaming in ballast from La Pallice, France, to Baltimore, Maryland, and sank her quarry with a single torpedo. Three days later, on 30 August, she encountered her final two victims, when she stopped the  British fishing trawlers Elsie Porter and Potentate and sank both with explosive charges.

After an unsuccessful attempt at a torpedo attack on a lone British steamer, War Ranee, on 5 September 1918, U-117 concentrated on making the final run-in toward the Skagerrak and safety. Her critical fuel shortage forced the submarine to make wireless contact with U-140 on 8 September, to set up a fuel replenishment rendezvous. The two U-boats met on 12 and 13 September, near the Faroe Islands, and U-117 took on about  of diesel oil before continuing on toward Kiel. The submarine pulled into her destination rather ignominiously on 22 September, having had to call upon a patrolling torpedo boat to tow her the last leg of her journey.

For the rest of the war, U-117 remained inactive. On 23 October 1918, she was reassigned to the U-Flotille, Hochseeflotte (1st Submarine Flotilla, High Seas Fleet); but remained in a shipyard for the duration.

Turned over to US Navy

The armistice of 11 November 1918, ended hostilities, and required Germany to turn over her submarines to the Allies. U-117 surrendered at Harwich, England, ten days later. Over the ensuing weeks, the United States Navy expressed an interest in acquiring several former German submarines to serve as exhibits during a Victory Bond campaign. U-117 became one of the six boats set aside for that purpose. In March 1919, her American crew took over the submarine and placed her in special commission, Lieutenant Commander Aquilla G. Dibrell in command.

After a hectic time preparing for sea, U-117 stood down the English Channel from Harwich on 3 April, in company with the submarine tender , and UB-88, UB-148, and . This unlikely American task organization, dubbed the Ex-German Submarine Expeditionary Force, called at the Azores and Bermuda before reaching New York City on 27 April 1919, where the submarines were soon opened to the public. Tourists, photographers, reporters, Navy Department technicians, and civilian submarine manufacturers all flocked in to see the six war trophies. Then orders came for her to begin a series of port visits to sell Victory Bonds. U-117 drew one of the east coast itineraries during the course of which she stopped at Washington, D.C., and spent a significant period of time at the Washington Navy Yard there. At the conclusion of the bond drive late that summer, the U-boat was laid up at the Philadelphia Navy Yard along with U-140 and UB-148. There, she remained – partially dismantled – until taken out to sea in June 1921, to serve as a target for aerial bombing tests conducted by the Navy and Army.

Sinking

On 21 June 1921, three Navy Felixstowe F5L flying boats flying at an altitude of  bombed and sank U-117 at anchor in smooth water  East of Cape Charles Light Vessel, with twelve  bombs, each loaded with  of TNT.

The bombs were dropped in two salvos, one of three bombs and one of nine bombs. Both salvos straddled and fell close to the target, all within  of it, all bombs functioned as designed. The submarine sank within seven minutes after the second salvo. The Board of Observers did not inspect her.

Summary of raiding history

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

External links

German Type UE II submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1918
World War I submarines of Germany
U-boats sunk in 1921
1917 ships
U-boats sunk by US aircraft
Ships sunk as targets
Maritime incidents in 1921


Miriam Gross, Lady Owen is a British literary editor and writer.

She was the deputy literary editor of The Observer from 1969–81, the women's editor of The Observer from 1981–84, the arts editor of The Daily Telegraph from 1986–91, and the literary editor of The Sunday Telegraph from 1991-2005. She was senior editor (and co-founder) of Standpoint magazine from 2008 to 2011. Writing in The Spectator (6 June 1988), the historian Paul Johnson said that "the beautiful and elegant Miriam Gross is queen of the lit eds."

From 1986-88, she edited Channel Four's Book Choice. She is also the editor of two collections of essays, The World of George Orwell (1971) and The World of Raymond Chandler (1977).

While at The Observer, she conducted a series of interviews, with, among others, the poet Philip Larkin, playwright Harold Pinter, thriller writer John le Carré, painters Francis Bacon and David Hockney, Nobel Prize-winning Russian poet Joseph Brodsky, novelist Anthony Powell, philosopher and historian Sir Isaiah Berlin, philosopher A.J. Ayer, and Stalin’s daughter Svetlana Stalin. (The interviews with Larkin, Bacon, Pinter and Powell were republished in her 2012 memoir, An Almost English Life: Literary, and Not so Literary Recollections; the interview with Larkin was republished in Larkin's Required Writing and that with Pinter in Ian Smith, ed., Pinter in the Theatre.)

Gross has contributed to The Spectator, as the magazine's diarist, and has written an occasional column for the Financial Times. She has also served as a judge on the Booker prize and on the George Orwell memorial prize.

As mayor of London, Boris Johnson commissioned Gross to write a policy paper on failing literacy in London schools. She is the author of a memoir, An Almost English Life: Literary, and Not so Literary Recollections.

Family and education

She was born in Jerusalem in 1938. Her Jewish parents, Kurt May and Vera May (née Feinberg), fled Nazi Germany, but two of her grandparents as well as many other relatives in Germany who did not escape were murdered in the Holocaust. She grew up in Jerusalem, Switzerland and England. In England, she was educated at the progressive Dartington Hall School and at Oxford University where she read English literature at St Anne's College. She was married to the literary and theatrical critic and author John Gross from 1965–1988. The couple had two children, Tom Gross and Susanna Gross. Her son-in-law is author John Preston. Since 1993, she has been married to Sir Geoffrey Owen, the former editor of the Financial Times and formerly one of England’s leading tennis players.

References

Alumni of St Anne's College, Oxford
British journalists
English women journalists
English writers
Living people
British literary editors
English Jews
English people of German-Jewish descent
English women non-fiction writers
People educated at Dartington Hall School
Wives of knights
1938 births


Harold Emery Moore, Jr. (July 7, 1917 – October 27, 1980) was an American botanist especially known for his work on the systematics of the palm family.  He served as Director of the L. H. Bailey Hortorium at Cornell University, and was appointed Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor of Botany in 1978.  He was an important contributor to Hortus Third and was editor of Principes (now Palms), the journal of the International Palm Society.  He also edited Gentes Herbarum and provided the foundation for the first edition of Genera Palmarum, a seminal work on palm taxonomy which was later completed by Natalie Uhl and John Dransfield.

Early life and education
Moore was born in Massachusetts in 1917.  He received his B.S. from Massachusetts State College in 1939.  He then moved to Harvard University where he obtained his M.S. in 1940 and Ph.D. in 1942.  After graduating, he served in the United States Army from 1942 to 1946.

Career
In 1947, he joined the staff of the Gray Herbarium at Harvard.  In 1948 he moved to the L. H. Bailey Hortorium at Cornell as an Assistant Professor of Botany.  He was appointed Associate Professor in 1951 and full Professor in 1960.  Between 1960 and 1969 he served as director of the herbarium, and was elected Bailey Professor of Botany in 1978.  Although best known for his work on palms, Moore also made notable contributions to the study of the Gesneriaceae, the Geraniaceae, the Amaryllidaceae, the Cucurbitaceae and the Commelinaceae.

Moore began his work on palms in 1948 with the encouragement of Bailey himself, who was then 90 years old.  Bailey had wanted to create a Genera Palmarum, a proper delineation of the palm family and all the genera within it.  When Bailey died in 1954, the job was left to Moore.  Moore visited the major historic collections of palms in United States and Europe and learned that existing collections often lacked the features that were needed to understand the evolutionary relationships among the genera.  This led to a worldwide effort on his part to see and collect as many palm genera as he could.  By the time of his death in 1980 he had traveled to many remote locations and had collected all but 18 of the approximately 200 genera of palms.  These exploits earned him membership in The Explorers Club.

In 1973 Moore wrote a paper, The Major Groups of Palms and Their Distribution, which presented the outline of his classification of the family.  He continued to build on this, and in 1980 was finally ready to devote three years to the production of Genera Palmarum.  He died the same year, leaving the work of completing the work to Natalie Uhl and John Dransfield.

Moore was the author of nearly 300 publications.

Awards and fellowships
Moore received Guggenheim Fellowships in 1946–47 and 1955–56. He also received the Founder's Medal of the Fairchild Tropical Garden in 1954.

He was made an Honorary Life Member of the American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society in 1958.

References

1917 births
1980 deaths
20th-century American botanists
Cornell University faculty
Harvard University alumni
University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni


Eupastranaia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Eupastranaia fenestrata (Ménétries, 1863)
Eupastranaia lilacina (Pagenstecher, 1892)
Eupastranaia tumidifrons (Munroe, 1970)

References

Midilinae
Crambidae genera


Euphyciodes is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Euphyciodes albotessulalis (Mabille, 1900)
Euphyciodes griveaudalis Viette, 1960

References
afromoths

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera


Eupoca is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Eupoca bifascialis
Eupoca chicalis (Schaus, 1920)
Eupoca definita
Eupoca haakei Solis & Adamski, 1998
Eupoca leucolepia
Eupoca micralis
Eupoca polyorma
Eupoca sanctalis

References

Glaphyriinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by William Warren (entomologist)


Stanley Hauser (20 July 1890 – 10 June 1958) was an English footballer who made 31 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham as a goalkeeper. He appeared twice for England's amateur representative team.

Hauser was born in Handsworth, South Yorkshire, now part of Sheffield. He worked in his family's shop, and played football in Birmingham's Early Closers League before joining Second Division club Birmingham in November 1913. Hauser made his debut on 27 December in a 5–1 defeat at Bradford, but kept his place for the rest of the 1913–14 season. William Robb remained ever-present in goal the following season, and Dan Tremelling did the same in the first season after the First World War, but Hauser deputised for Tremelling in a run of games in the latter part of the 1920–21 season, at the end of which Birmingham won the Second Division title. He played three times in the First Division before leaving to join Stourbridge in December 1922. He later played for Shrewsbury Town, Netherton and Cradley Heath St Luke's.

Hauser never turned professional. In 1914 he was capped twice for the England amateur team, playing in an 8–1 victory in Brussels against the Belgium national team and a 3–0 defeat to the Denmark national side in Copenhagen.

He died in Handsworth, Birmingham, in 1958 at the age of 67.

References

1890 births
1958 deaths
Footballers from Sheffield
English men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
England men's amateur international footballers
Birmingham City F.C. players
Stourbridge F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Cradley Heath F.C. players
English Football League players


Eurhythma is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Eurhythma argyphea (Turner, 1913)
Eurhythma callipepla (Turner, 1915)
Eurhythma cataxia (Turner, 1913)
Eurhythma epargyra (Turner, 1913)
Eurhythma latifasciella Turner, 1904
Eurhythma polyzelota (Turner, 1913)
Eurhythma xuthospila (Turner, 1913)

References

Crambinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Alfred Jefferis Turner


Emmanuel Garcia (born March 4, 1986 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian former baseball player. He played six years in the minor leagues through 2010, and represented Canada at the Baseball World Cup and the Summer Olympics.

Career
Garcia signed as a free agent on September 2004, with the New York Mets . He signed as an infielder. He played in 2005 with the GCL Mets and surprised the league by hitting .339/.412/.409 with 17 steals in 18 tries and 43 runs in 45 games. He led the Gulf Coast League in runs, on-base percentage and hits (63, tied with Eduardo Pérez). He was third in the GCL in average behind Perez and Francisco Guzman, two points ahead of Matt Kutler. He was second to José Tábata in steals. Garcia was the GCL All-Star shortstop. Baseball America named him the #20 prospect in the GCL.

In 2006, Garcia played for the Kingsport Mets (.291/.373/.379, 19 SB in 25 attempts) and the Brooklyn Cyclones (.240/.316/.240 in 13 games). He led Appalachian League shortstops with 167 assists and was third in the Appy League in steals. He made the All-Star team as a utility man. Baseball America rated him the #11 prospect in the league.

The Montréal native batted .256/.339/.301 for the 2007 St. Lucie Mets in his first pro struggles. He stole 37 bases in 47 tries and split time between second base and shortstop. In the 2007 Baseball World Cup, Garcia started at shortstop for Canada ahead of former major leaguer Kevin Nicholson and responded very well by hitting .375/.524/.500. One problem was defense as he made four errors in five games, fielding .867. He spent the rest of the winter with the Waikiki BeachBoys, batting .348/.427/.485 with 8 steals in 9 tries.

Garcia's last year of professional baseball was in 2010 where he split time between the  St. Lucie Mets and the  Buffalo Bisons.

Beijing Olympics
Garcia played for Canada in the 2008 Final Olympic Qualification Tournament and was their shortstop as they finished first, earning a spot in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Garcia struggled at the plate in the field and at the plate in the qualifiers, hitting .240/.321/.240. He scored the winning run in their 10-inning victory over the German national team, reaching via error and coming home on a bases-loaded walk by Emerson Frostad.

Garcia was a late addition to Canada for the 2008 Olympics, replacing Pete Orr after Orr was called up to the majors. He hit .190/.292/.286 as Canada's starting shortstop, fielding .875. He contributed a RBI triple in a 5-4 loss to the Team USA.

Cancer
On June 2, 2010 The New York Mets sent an official letter from Major League Baseball informing Garcia he tested positive for high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin, which is illicitly used after an anabolic steroid cycle to jump-start the body's production of testosterone. Garcia's 50-game suspension would be announced unless he appealed. Garcia was diagnosed with testicular cancer seminoma (also known as pure seminoma or classical seminoma) which caused Garcia's test to be positive. He underwent surgery on June 23, 2010 at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center removing his right testicle. Beginning August 15, Garcia underwent daily radiotherapy treatments in Port St. Lucie for 30 days. Garcia is cancer-free as of March 16, 2011.

References
 Sources: 2007 Mets Media Guide, 2006–2008 Baseball Almanacs, MILB.com, IBAF site, Hawaii Winter Baseball
 Retrieved from "https://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/Emmanuel_Garcia"

1986 births
Baseball players from Montreal
Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States
Living people
Gulf Coast Mets players
St. Lucie Mets players
Kingsport Mets players
Brooklyn Cyclones players
Waikiki Beach Boys players
Binghamton Mets players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players


Adriatic Bridge () is a six-lane road and tram bridge over the Sava River in Zagreb, Croatia.

References

Bridges completed in 1981
Bridges in Zagreb
Novi Zagreb
Bridges over the Sava in Croatia
1981 establishments in Yugoslavia


Eurrhyparodes is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae.

Species
Eurrhyparodes bracteolalis (Zeller, 1852)
Eurrhyparodes calis Druce, 1902
Eurrhyparodes diffracta Meyrick, 1936
Eurrhyparodes leechi South in Leech & South, 1901
Eurrhyparodes lygdamis Druce, 1902
Eurrhyparodes multilinea Bethune-Baker, 1906
Eurrhyparodes nymphulalis Strand, 1918
Eurrhyparodes plumbeimarginalis Hampson, 1898
Eurrhyparodes sculdus Dyar, 1914
Eurrhyparodes splendens Druce, 1895
Eurrhyparodes syllepidia Hampson, 1898
Eurrhyparodes tricoloralis (Zeller, 1852)

Former species
Eurrhyparodes voralis Schaus, 1920 transferred to Gonocausta voralis (Schaus, 1920)

References

Encyclopedia of Life

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera


Eurrhypis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Eurrhypis cacuminalis (Eversmann, 1843)
Eurrhypis guttulalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848)
Eurrhypis pollinalis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
Eurrhypis sartalis (Hübner, 1813)

References

Eurrhypini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner


Eurybela is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Eurybela scotopis Turner, 1908
Eurybela trophoessa (Turner, 1908)

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Alfred Jefferis Turner


Eurytorna is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Eurytorna heterodoxa, which is found on Fiji.

References

Acentropinae
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Fiji
Crambidae genera


Eusabena is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Eusabena miltochristalis (Hampson, 1896)
Eusabena monostictalis (Hampson, 1899)
Eusabena paraphragma (Meyrick, 1889)
Eusabena selinialis Snellen, 1901

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Pieter Cornelius Tobias Snellen


Eustenia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Eustenia acuminatalis, which is found on Java.

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Pieter Cornelius Tobias Snellen


Eustixia is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Jacob Hübner in 1823. Its only species, Eustixia pupula, the spotted peppergrass moth, described by the same author in the same publication, is found in North America from Massachusetts to Florida, west to Texas and north to Ontario.

The wingspan is about 17 mm. Adults are on wing from June to August.

The larvae feed on the leaves of Lepidium species, Thlaspi arvense and cabbage.

References

Glaphyriinae
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of North America
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner


Evergestella is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Evergestella evincalis, which is found in Florida, as well as on the Cayman Islands, Cuba, Puerto Rico and Jamaica.

References

Evergestinae