This is a list of Swedish poets, including those who are Swedish by nationality or who write in the Swedish language (years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article):

A
 Arvid August Afzelius (1785–1871), pastor, poet, historian and mythologist
 Sofia Ahlbom
 Catharina Ahlgren (1734 – c. 1800), feminist writer, poet, translator, editor, and one of the first identifiable female journalists in Sweden
 Per Ahlmark (born 1939), writer and former leader of the Liberal People's Party
 Kurt Almqvist (1912–2001), poet, academic and spiritual figure
 August Bernhard Andersson (1877–1961)
 Dan Andersson (1888–1920)
 Werner Aspenström (1918–1997)
 Sun Axelsson (1935–2011), poet, novelist, translator and journalist
Back to top

B
 Albert Ulrik Bååth (1853–1912)
 Frans G. Bengtsson (1894–1954)
 Bengt Berg (1885–1967)
 Bo Bergman (1869–1967)
 Marcus Birro (born 1972)
 Erik Blomberg (1894–1965)
 Carl Boberg (1859–1940)
 Karin Boye (1900–1941)
 Sophia Elisabet Brenner (1659–1730)
Back to top

C
 Siv Cedering (1939–2007)
 Christina Charlotta Cederström
 Samuel Columbus (1642–1679)
 Gustaf Filip Creutz (1731–1785)
Back to top

D
 Gunno Eurelius Dahlstierna (1661–1709)
 Olof von Dalin (1708–1763)
 Ebba Maria De la Gardie  (1657–1697)
Back to top

E
 Johannes Edfelt (1904–1997)
 Vilhelm Ekelund (1880–1949)
 Gunnar Ekelöf (1907–1968)
Back to top

F
 Öyvind Fahlström
 Nils Ferlin (1898–1961)
 Lars Forssell (1928–2007)
 Jacob Frese (1691–1729)
 Katarina Frostenson (born 1953)
 Gustaf Fröding (1860–1911)
Back to top

G
 Karl Johan Gabrielsson
 Erik Gustaf Geijer
 Kay Glans (born 1955)
 Lars Gustafsson
Back to top

H
 Britt G. Hallqvist (1914–1997)
 Gunnar D. Hansson
 Verner von Heidenstam (1859–1940)
 Gunnar Henningsson (1895–1960)
 Urban Hiarne (1641–1724)
 Rose-Marie Huuva (born 1943)
Back to top

J
 Ann Jäderlund (1955–1955)
 Lars Johansson (1638–1674)
 Majken Johansson
 Gabriel Jönsson
Back to top

K
 Erik Axel Karlfeldt (1864–1931)
 Greta Knutson
Back to top

L
 Olof Lagercrantz
 Pär Lagerkvist (1891–1974)
 Stig Larsson
 Oscar Levertin (1862–1906)
 Sven Lidman
 Erik Lindegren
 Ebba Lindqvist
 Kristina Lugn
 Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991)
Back to top

M
 Bertil Malmberg (1889–1958)
 Tom Malmquist
 Harry Martinson (1904–1978)
Back to top

N
 Ture Nerman
 Lars Norén
Back to top

O
 Charlotta Öberg (1818–1856)
 Bruno K. Öijer (born 1951)
 Mohamed Omar (born 1976)
 Mathilda Valeria Beatrix d'Orozco
Back to top

R
 Johan Runius (1679–1713)
Back to top

S
 Östen Sjöstrand (1925–2006), poet, writer and translator
 Georg Stiernhielm (1598–1672)
 Eva Ström (born 1947)
 Jesper Svenbro (born 1944), poet and classical philologist
 Hjalmar Söderberg (1869–1941)
Back to top

T
 Tomas Tranströmer (1931–2015), writer, poet and translator
 Samuel Triewald (1688–1743)
Back to top

V
 Karl Vennberg
Back to top

W
 Gunnar Wennerberg
 Jacques Werup
 Lars Wivallius (1605–1669)
 Beppe Wolgers

See also

 Swedish literature

Notes

Swedish
Swedish
Poets


The 2011 World Figure Skating Championships was a senior international figure skating competition in the 2010–11 season. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The competition was originally assigned to Nagano, Japan, and later moved to Tokyo, to be held from March 21–27 at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium with the Japan Skating Federation as the host organization. It was postponed in the wake of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and later reassigned to Moscow, Russia.

Reaction to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
Immediately following the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami that occurred on March 11, 2011, the JSF reported to the ISU that the competition venue was undamaged and the event would be held as planned. However, on March 13, the ISU released a statement saying that it was considering canceling the event and, later that day, the German skating federation announced that it would not send any skaters to the World Championships, with other countries undecided. Although most foreign skaters had planned to fly to Japan from March 16 and later, a few had already arrived in the country on March 11, among them European champion Florent Amodio, and were advised to return home by their skating federations, based on governmental travel advisories.

On March 14, 2011, the ISU published a statement that 2011 Worlds would not be held in Tokyo during the dates originally planned, and that a decision regarding rescheduling or a complete cancellation would be made after further evaluation. The ISU began considering various possibilities, including holding the event in another country. ISU President Ottavio Cinquanta suggested the event could be canceled or postponed until October, with the ISU saying they would make an announcement by March 21. The JSF head, Seiko Hashimoto, said that her federation was hoping to reschedule the event to September or October, but Japanese skating fans felt moving it to another country would be a better option. Although it would oblige a number of skaters to back out of agreements to appear in skating tours, an important source of income for many, many coaches and officials voiced their preference for April–May, citing greater complications arising from an autumn Worlds. However, others noted it would be very difficult for a new host to organize the event in under a month. Typically, a host country of a World Championships has over two years and the shortest period was in 2000 when France organized the event in seven months. On March 21, the ISU announced that the JSF had relinquished its hosting rights and that it was looking into alternate locations, while noting there would be major logistical challenges to organize the event on short notice. The criteria for new candidate hosts included a start date in April or May, 700 hotel rooms, a television production, and two rinks: A competition rink with a minimum 8000 seats and available from the Thursday early morning through Sunday late evening of the following week, and a practice rink from Friday early morning through Friday late evening of the following week. Local expertise, good transportation infrastructure, and quick visa processing were also important factors. ISU President Ottavio Cinquanta said he would support a bid by the Japanese federation to host the 2015 World Championships. In June 2011, Japan was chosen as host for the 2014 World Championships at Saitama.

Bids for re-vote
On March 22, 2011, the International Skating Union announced that six candidates had applied to host the relocated championships.

  Vancouver, Canada
  Lake Placid or Colorado Springs, United States
  Moscow, Russia
  Zagreb, Croatia
  Turku, Finland
  Graz, Austria

On March 24, 2011, the ISU announced that Moscow's Megasport Arena had been chosen as the replacement host for the 2011 World Figure Skating Championships.

Competition notes
Russia pledged to speed up processing of visas and Vladimir Putin dismissed concerns about the cost of organizing the event on short notice. The country had also accepted hosting duties of the World Pentathlon Championships after political instability caused Egypt to step down. The city of Moscow was expected to spend 200 million rubles (5 million euros or US$7 million) on the event.

2010 bronze medalist Laura Lepistö withdrew in early March due to a back injury and was replaced by Juulia Turkkila. Shawn Sawyer dropped out due to a scheduling conflict and was replaced by Kevin Reynolds, while Myriane Samson withdrew due to a knee injury and was replaced by Amelie Lacoste. Sinead Kerr and John Kerr dropped out to recover from shoulder surgery, and later announced their retirement.

Qualification
The event was open to figure skaters from ISU member nations who had reached the age of 15 by July 1, 2010. Based on the results of the 2010 World Figure Skating Championships, each country was allowed between one and three entries per discipline. National associations selected their entries based on their own criteria.

Countries which qualified more than one country per discipline:

Due to the large number of competitors, the men's, ladies', and ice dancing competitions required a preliminary round prior to the main competition. The top 12 men and ladies advanced to the short program and the top 10 ice dancing teams advanced to the short dance.

Entries
195 athletes from 44 countries were scheduled to participate.

Schedule
(Moscow time, UTC+4)

 Sunday, April 24
 Official practices
 Monday, April 25
 14:00 Qualification round: Men
 Tuesday, April 26
 12:00 Qualification round: Ice dancing
 15:30 Qualification round: Ladies
 Wednesday, April 27
 13:00 Men's short program
 18:30 Pairs short program
 Thursday, April 28
 13:30 Men's free skating
 18:30 Pairs free skating
 Friday, April 29
 13:30 Ladies short program
 18:30 Short dance
 Saturday, April 30
 13:30 Ladies' free skating
 18:30 Free dance
 Sunday, May 1
 14:00 Exhibitions

Results
PR: Preliminary round

Men
Patrick Chan won the short program with a record score, while Nobunari Oda placed second and defending champion, Daisuke Takahashi, third. Chan also set record free skating and total scores to win his first World title, after previously winning two silvers. Takahiko Kozuka won his first medal at the World Championships, his previous best result being 6th in 2009. Artur Gachinski, the 2010 Junior World bronze medalist, won the bronze medal, becoming the first men's skater to medal at his senior Worlds debut since Evan Lysacek had done so in 2005; both won a bronze medal in Moscow.

In the men's free skating, Brian Joubert slashed his hand on his skate blade and left drops of blood all over the ice; he completed the program but later required medical attention. Also during the free skating, a screw in Daisuke Takahashi's skate came loose on his first jump. He was able to get it repaired and resumed his program within the three minutes allowed. Oda ruined his chances of a medal by doing an extra triple jump, resulting in a loss of 13 points. Florent Amodio used music with lyrics, which is not allowed in competitive skating with the exception of ice dancing. He was not given the normally required one-point penalty because not enough judges voted for it.

Ladies
2010 Olympic champion Kim Yuna won the short program while Miki Ando placed second. Ando was first in the free skating to win her second World gold medal, her previous title being in 2007. Kim won her fifth World medal, silver, while Carolina Kostner won her third medal, a bronze. Kostner had also won the bronze in 2005, the previous time the event had been held in Moscow. The 2010 World champion, Mao Asada, was sixth.

Pairs
Defending champions, Pang Qing / Tong Jian, were first after the short program, with Aliona Savchenko / Robin Szolkowy in second, and new Russian team, Tatiana Volosozhar / Maxim Trankov, in third. Savchenko and Szolkowy then won the free skating to win their third World title, reclaiming the crown they lost in 2010 and setting a new record score in the free skating and overall. They became Germany's second most successful pair at the event after Maxi Herber and Ernst Baier who won four World titles in the 1930s. Volosozhar and Trankov medaled after only a year together and at their first major international competition. Pang and Tong took the bronze.

In the short program, Eric Radford's nose was broken when Meagan Duhamel's elbow hit him on the descent from a twist, their first element, but they completed the program without a break; the pair were able to compete in the free skating, and finished seventh overall.

Ice dancing
The 2010 Olympic and World Champions, Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir, set a new world record score in the short dance, while Grand Prix Final champions Meryl Davis and Charlie White were second and European champions, Nathalie Pechalat and Fabian Bourzat, were third. Davis and White won the free dance to become the first ice dancers from the United States to win the World title. Virtue and Moir took the silver while Maia Shibutani and Alex Shibutani won the bronze medal in their first trip to the senior World Championships. It was the first North American sweep of the World ice dancing podium. All three medal-winning teams were led by Russian-born, American-based coaches, Igor Sphilband and Marina Zueva. The rest of the top ten was also dominated by Russian coaches: Nathalie Péchalat / Fabian Bourzat (Alexander Zhulin and Oleg Volkov), Kaitlyn Weaver / Andrew Poje (Anjelika Krylova), Ekaterina Bobrova / Dmitri Soloviev (Elena Kustarova and Svetlana Alexeeva), Elena Ilinykh / Nikita Katsalapov (Zhulin and Volkov), Anna Cappellini / Luca Lanotte (had gone to Nikolai Morozov a few months earlier) and Madison Chock / Greg Zuerlein (Shpilband / Zueva). Vanessa Crone / Paul Poirier had one Canadian coach, Carol Lane, and one Soviet-born, Yuri Razguliaiev.

Medals summary

Medalists
Medals for overall placement:

Small medals for placement in the short segment:

Small medals for placement in the free segment:

Medals by country
Table of medals for overall placement:

Table of small medals for placement in the short segment:

Table of small medals for placement in the free segment:

Prize money

References

External links

 ISU page
 Official site
 Starting Order/ Results

World Figure Skating Championships, 2011
World Figure Skating Championships
World Figure Skating Championships
International figure skating competitions hosted by Russia
Sports competitions in Moscow
2011 in Moscow
April 2011 sports events in Russia
May 2011 sports events in Russia


The Sharjah Museums Authority (SMA), formerly named Sharjah Museums Department (SMD), is a government agency in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

The organization was established by Dr. Sheikh Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi in 2006. The authority's objective is to promote the emirate's legacy of arts, heritage and culture. It is a part of the Global Cultural Districts Network. SMA oversees a number of museums and heritage sites in the Emirate of Sharjah, including:

 Al Eslah School Museum
 Al Mahatta Museum
 Bait Al Naboodah
 Bait Skeikh Saeed Bin Hamad Al Qasimi
 Hisn Khor Fakkan
 Resistance Monument
 Sharjah Aquarium
 Sharjah Archaeology Museum
 Sharjah Art Museum
 Sharjah Calligraphy Museum
 Sharjah Discovery Centre
 Sharjah Fort (Al Hisn)
 Sharjah Heritage Museum
 Sharjah Maritime Museum
 Sharjah Museum of Islamic Civilization
 Sharjah Science Museum

See also
 Heart of Sharjah
 List of museums in the United Arab Emirates

References

External links
 Sharjah Museums Authority website

2006 establishments in the United Arab Emirates
Government agencies established in 2006
Cultural organisations based in the United Arab Emirates
Organisations based in the Emirate of Sharjah
Museum associations and consortia
Museums Authority
Sharjah Museums Authority
International Council of Museums
Government agencies of Sharjah


The Challenger Society for Marine Science (or Challenger Society) is a learned society established in 1903 in the United Kingdom around the interdisciplinary subject of marine science.  The central objectives of the Challenger Society are:
 To advance the study of marine science through research and education;
 To disseminate knowledge of marine science with a view to encouraging a wider interest in the study of the world's oceans and an awareness of the need for their proper management;
 To contribute to public debate on the development of marine science.

History
The Challenger Society was founded in 1903 by two British scientists, the zoologist George Herbert Fowler and the physician Richard Norris Wolfenden.  The Society was named in honour of , which undertook the first global marine research survey, the Challenger expedition, between 1872 and 1876.  When it was founded, the Society had 25 members who met four times annually in the Royal Society rooms of Burlington House in London.

The Challenger Society has a current membership of several hundred scientists and students.  The Society publishes the journal Ocean Challenge three times a year, together with a monthly newsletter, Challenge Wave.  Every two years since 1984, the Society holds a four-day conference, the Challenger Conference for Marine Science (formerly known as UK Oceanography). This conference typically attracts around 300 delegates and its location is rotated around the key marine-based research centres and universities within the UK.  The most recent conference in September 2015 was hosted at Sheffield University.

References

External links
 Challenger Society homepage
 SNS Challenger, social network aiming to "re-photograph the voyage of HMS Challenger"

Geographic societies
Oceanographic organizations
Organizations established in 1903
Learned societies of the United Kingdom
Scientific societies based in the United Kingdom
1903 establishments in the United Kingdom


Friedrich Zacharias Schwally (10 August 1863 – 5 February 1919) was a German Orientalist with professorships at Strasbourg, Gießen and Königsberg. He held the degrees of PhD, Lic. Theol., Dr. Habil., and the Imperial honour of the Order of the Red Eagle, Class IV.

His life

Schwally was born on 10 August 1863, in the family home at Guldengasse 16, Butzbach, Grand Duchy of Hesse, to parents Georg Peter Schwally, formerly of Wald-Michelbach, and Johannette Friederike Schwally nee Schmidt. He was named after his Godfather and cousin, Friedrich Zacharias Friedrich, a merchant in Darmstadt.

After his father's death in a railway accident when he was six years old, Schwally attended the Volksschule and Höhere Bürgerschule (literally Higher Citizen's School) in Butzbach. From autumn 1877 he attended the Ludwig-Georgs-Gymnasium in Darmstadt where he completed his schooling in autumn 1883.

As a student at Gießen University for three and a half years from 1883/84 to 1886, he studied Theology and Orientalism. With the renowned Bernhard Stade as his supervisor, Schwally completed his PhD in Old Testament Studies at Giessen by Easter 1888. He published the thesis as a book in the same year. For a short time the previous year in the summer of 1887, he attended classes with Professor Nöldeke and Professor Euting at the Kaiser Wilhelm University in Strassburg, to deepen his knowledge of Philology.  This first encounter with Nöldeke would later have great significance for Schwally's career as an Orientalist.

In 1889 he obtained a teaching credential for Religion, Hebrew and German. From Easter 1889 to Easter 1890, Schwally taught at the Ludwig-Georgs-Gymnasium in Darmstadt.  After further study he was awarded a Lic. Theol. from Giessen University on 23 October 1891.

But for an important event that followed, Schwally's life may have taken the traditional career path of an Old Testament scholar in a Theology Faculty. The turning point in his career came when his second doctorate (Dr. habil.) on an Old Testament topic, was not awarded by his conservative examiners at the University of Halle. This was not because of the standard of Schwally's work but because that the conclusions and implications of his thesis and its methodology, were unpalatable to his Halle examiners' conservative theology. This controversial work in English is, "Life after death according to the ideas of ancient Israel and Judaism, including Popular Beliefs in the Age of Christ", and was published as a book in 1892.

Schwally's love of Semitic languages led him to the University of Strasbourg in 1892 to again become a student of the leading German Orientalist of his time, Professor Dr. Theodor Nöldeke. In German Universities, Orientalism had evolved into a separate academic discipline in its own right, and was anchored within a Philosophy Faculty. It was based on a knowledge of languages and culture, and could also embrace historical-critical methodology for the analysis of texts. For Schwally, this was his natural home.

On obtaining his Dr Habil in 1893 from Strassburg, Schwally's first teaching position there, from 29 April 1893, was as a sessional lecturer (Privat-Dozent).  Later in 1898, he was promoted to Associate Professor (Außerordentlicher Professor) in Semitic Languages. This was the traditional career progression for an academic in a German University.  Schwally remained at Strassburg until 1901 from whence he took up a position at Gießen University at the same level as an Associate Professor (Extraordinary professor) in Semitic Languages.

His study trips to Cairo in both the spring of 1903 and 1904, each for three months, gave him deeper grounding for his work on the texts of the Koran and also on his study of issues of contemporary Islam. At the time, Cairo was regarded as the centre of Islamic erudition. Schwally studied at the Kedhivial Library and the Al-Azhar Mosque. He took private lessons in the methods of Koran translation and immersed himself in the local language and culture by living in Arab households. Schwally would return again to Cairo in 1912.

In 1906 he was offered, but declined, a full professorship in a newly created chair in Arabic at the privately operated Islamic Aligarh University in India. That year also saw the publication of Aegyptiaca, an essay on the lives of modern Egyptians. This was Schwally's contribution as a part of a two volume, 70th birthday tribute book to Professor Noeldeke by 86 scholars.

On 1 August 1908 he was promoted to a full professorship (Ordinary professor) at Gießen. There was a trip to Istanbul in the summer of 1908 for several months. This was the period of the "Young Turks" uprising; a topic on which Schwally published.

The year 1912 saw the publication of Letzte Krankheit, und Tod...., Schwally's contribution of Volume II, Part 2, to a nine volume series on the life of Muhammad by Eduard Sachau and others.

At the beginning of 1913, Schwally took over as head of the Philosophy Faculty at Giessen, in addition to his regular academic duties.

On 5 July 1913, the Kaiser awarded Schwally the Imperial honour of the Order of the Red Eagle, Class IV. The previous year, in the spring of 1912, Professor Schwally undertook travel throughout Egypt from which he published a paper on aspects of contemporary Egypt, Beitraege zur Kenntnis des Lebens der Mohammedanischen Staedter, Fellachen und Beduinen im heutigen Aegypten . About this time Schwally also became a member of a newly formed society for the study of contemporary Islam, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Islamkunde E.V., founded by Professor Martin Hartmann in Berlin on 9 January 1912.

From 1914 to 1919 Schwally was Professor of Semitic Languages at the University of Königsberg. In 1915, he contributed to a 70th Birthday tribute book for Professor Eduard Sachau, with whom he had had a long association as a part of the "Berlin School". Schwally died in Königsberg on 5 February 1919 at age 55. At the time, his early death was attributed to a recently discovered pre-existing heart condition.

Schwally undertook several research trips including to Cairo, Alexandria, Damascus, Palmyra, Jerusalem, Beirut, Istanbul, Paris, London, Leiden. As well, there was extensive travel within Germany. He was a robust outdoors person with the love of life, enjoying swimming, horse riding, and particularly backpacking. Schwally enjoyed his walking holidays throughout the many mountain and forest regions of Germany. Apart from his love of nature and the outdoors life, Schwally took a linguistic interest in the many dialects and accents of people he encountered on his holiday travels.

His marriage in 1895 to Ebba Kühnen in Strassburg, produced two daughters, Irene in 1898 and Hildegard (Lilli) in 1901. Another Orientalist, Professor Heinrich Zimmern, married Ebba's sister Hilda Kühnen the following year in 1896. Their mother, Irene Kühnen nee Walouieff, a niece of the Russian Prime Minister Peter Alexandrovich Walouieff (Valuev, Walujev, Valujev and various other spellings from the Cyrillic), moved to Strassburg after the death in 1893 of her husband, the landscape artist Victor Kühnen. Irene Kühnen's move to Strassburg with her daughters was at the suggestion of her friend Sophie Noeldeke, the wife of Professor Noeldeke.
In Straßburg, he met and became friends with Albert Schweitzer and Theodor Heuss, a future President of Germany. One of Schwally's books was dedicated to his friends, Ignaz Goldziher in Budapest and Christian Snouck Hurgronje in Leiden, with whom he had collaborated.  On Schwally's death, Professor Paul Kahle, Schwally's successor at Giessen University, kindly wrote a comprehensive five-page obituary which was published in an academic journal for Orientalist scholars, Der Islam in 1920.

His scholarly impact
Schwally is best known for his 2nd Edition of Nöldeke's History of the Koran. Many Orientalists, e.g. Paret (1968), consider this as the definitive text in the field. More recently, Hans Kueng(2004,2008) refers to the importance of this work.

The three volumes of the 2nd Edition of the History of the Koran followed a lengthy and tortuous publication path. Nöldeke was approached by his publisher in 1898 to do a new enlarged second edition of his History of the Koran. (The 1st Edition was published in German in 1860 based on a previously written prize winning essay by Nöldeke in a French competition.) Because of his advancing age, Nöldeke then asked Schwally to take on this task and gave him full responsibility for the resulting text as being Schwally's own.  Volume One, Über den Ursprung des Korans, was published in 1909. After Schwally's death in February 1919, his brother-in-law Professor Heinrich Zimmern, with editing assistance from Professor August Fischer, took Schwally's manuscripts of Volume 2, Die Sammlung des Korans, to the publisher in Leipzig.  Dr. Gotthelf Bergsträsser, Schwally's successor at Königsberg, continued and reworked Volume 3. When Bergsträsser died in a mountaineering incident in Bavaria in 1933, Otto Pretzl, who was Bergsträsser's pupil, continued on until final publication in 1938.  The sixth reprint of this 837-page tome was published by Olms in 2008. The work is held in University libraries around the world. The Konrad Adenauer Foundation published a new Arabic translation of the 2nd Edition in 2004 in Beirut, Tarikh al-Quran, translated by Georges Tamer. Before that, a Turkish translation of the 2nd Edition by Muammer Sencer, Kur’an tarihi, was published by Ilke Yayinlari in Istanbul in 1970.

Schwally's next major activity was his many contributions to Tabaqat of Ibn Sa'd, published in Berlin.

Schwally is also widely published in other areas of Old Testament, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Islam together with a seminal paper on the topic of Holy War. His 1901 monograph Der heilige Krieg im alten Israel, was the first single comprehensive treatment of the topic, following on from prior work by Wellhausen and others. As well as publishing work on ancient texts, Schwally has published on contemporary Islam. His 1912 publication, Beitraege zur Kenntnis des Lebens der Mohammedanischen Staedter, Fellachen und Beduinen im heutigen Aegypten and the 1916 journal article Der heilige Krieg des Islams in religionsgeschichtlicher und staatsrechtlicher Beleuchtung are examples of this. He also contributed articles on International Affairs to newspapers such as the Frankfurter Zeitung.

His publications
Die Reden des Buches Jeremia gegen die Heiden, Wilhelm Keller, Gießen, 1888 (PhD thesis Giessen)
Das Buch Ssefanja, eine historische-kritische Untersuchung, ZAW, 10 No.1 (1890):165–240 (Book of Zephaniah)
Das Leben nach dem Tod nach den Vorstellungen des Alten Israel und des Judentums einschließlich des Volksglaubens im Zeitalter Christi: eine biblische Untersuchung, Ricker, Gießen, 1892 (D.Habil thesis Halle)
Idioticon des Christlich Palästinischen Aramäisch, Ricker, Gießen, 1893 (D.Habil thesis Strassburg)
Kultur des alten Orients, 1896
Ibraham ibn Muhammed el-Baihaqi Kitab el Mahdsin val Masdwi, Leipzig, 1899–1902
Einige Bermerkungen zum Buche Hiob. ZAW 20 No.1 (1900):44–48 (Book of Job)
Semitische Kriegsaltertümer: Der heilige Krieg im alten Israel, Weicher, Leipzig, 1901
Kitab al-mahasin vai-masavi, herausgegeben von Friedrich Schwally mit Unterstützung der königl. Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Ricker, Gießen, 1902
Bernhard Stade, The books of Kings; critical edition of the Hebrew text, Hinrichs, Leipzig, 1904 (Schwally and several others contributed to this)
Die biblischen Schöpfungsberichte, B.G. Teubner, Leipzig, 1906
Aegyptiaca, in Theodor Noeldeke zum Siebzigsten Geburtstag (2 Marz 1906) gewidmet, edited by Carl Bezold, LIV and 1187 pages in two volumes, Giessen: A. Toepelmann, 1906
Geschichte des Qorans von Theodor Nöldeke, (Zweite Auflage bearbeitet von Friedrich Schwally), Teil 1: Über den Ursprung des Qorans, Weicher, Leipzig, 1909
Unpolitische Briefe aus der Türkei, Gedanken über die Zukunft der Türkei, Frankfurter Zeitung, Nr.133 vom 15. Mai 1910 (in conjunction with Martin Hartmann)
Biographien Muhammeds, Letzte Krankheit, Tod und die Bestattung Muhammeds nebst Trauergedichten ueber ihn. Biographen der Kenner des Kannonischen Rechts und des Korans, die zu Lebzeiten des Propheten und in der folgender Generation in Medina gewirkt haben, Band II:Teil 2, Brill, Leiden, 1912 (part of a nine volume series 1905–1940, Eduard Sachau et al.)
Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Lebens der Mohammedanischen Städter, Fellachen und Beduinen im heutigen Ägypten, Heidelberg, 1912
Betrachtungen über die Koransammlung des Abu Bekr, 321–325, in Festschrift Eduard Sachau; zum siebzigsten Geburtstage gewidmet von Freunden & Schülern: Weil, Gotthold & Sachau, Eduard: Georg Reimer, Berlin, 1915
Der heilige Krieg des Islam in religionsgeschichtlicher und staatsrechtlicher Beleuchtung, Internationale Monatsschrift für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Technik, Bd.10, pp: 688–713, Berlin, 1916
Geschichte des Qorans von Theodor Nöldeke, (Zweite Auflage bearbeitet von Friedrich Schwally), Teil 2:  Die Sammlung des Qorans, Weicher, Leipzig, 1919

Notes

References
Hermann Degener, Wer ist's, Degener, Berlin, 1914 (Entry for Friedrich Schwally, pages 1554–1555)
Johann Fück, Die arabischen Studien in Europa bis in den Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts, Harassowitz, Leipzig, 1955 (see p315)
Ignaz Goldziher: Tagebuch, edited by Alexander Scheiber, Leiden: Brill, 1978 . See page 232, "Schwally's Edition des Baihaki ", entry 10 July 1902
Grossherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt 1913, Beilage 20, S.179 (Order of the Red Eagle)
Paul Kahle, Friedrich Schwally, Der Islam: Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur des Islamischen Orients, Band X, Heft 3&4, pp: 238–242, Berlin & Leipzig, 1920 (Schwally's Obituary)
Irene Kühnen (geb. von Walouieff), Kuehnen Family Letters to Franziska Nietzsche, Nietzsche Archiv, Klassik Stiftung, Weimar (Schwally's Engagement to Ebba Kuehnen)
Hans Kueng, Islam: Geschichte,Gegenwart & Zukunft, Muenchen, Piper, 2004
Hans Kueng, Islam: Past, Present & Future, Oneworld, 2007,  (see page 72)
Hanno Müller & Bodo Heil, Familienbuch Butzbach, Band IV, Familien 1783 bis 1875, Ev. Markus-Kirchengemeinde, Butzbach, 2006, , (See page 325, entry 7727)
Rudi Paret, The Study of Arabic and Islam at German Universities: German Orientalists since Theodor Nöldeke, Franz Steiner Verlag GmbH, Wiesbaden, 1968, (see pages 13,22,24)
Rudolph Sellheim, Autobiographische Aufzeichnungen und Erinnerungen von Carl Brockelmann, Oriens, Vol 27, pp: 1–65, Frankfurt, 1981 (see page 27, (a) Schwally's wife, (b) Schwally's trip to the Vogesen )
Otto Weide, Universitätsprofessor Dr. Friedrich Schwally, Butzbacher Geschichtsverein Heimatsblätter, Nr.2 März 1929 (see pages 1&2, family & personal details, Otto Weide was Schwally's teacher in Butzbach and later a friend whom Schwally visited)
Personalbestand der Grossherzoglich Hessischen Ludwigs-Universität zu Giessen, Winter-Semester 1912/1913, Giessen 1912 (Schwally as Head of Philosophy Faculty Giessen)
Nachrichten über Angelegenheiten der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Islamkunde, Die Welt des Islams, Bd.1, H3/4 (31 December 1913) pp I-XXXIV (Schwally's membership)
Chronik der Universitaet Giessen 1607–1907, In Gemeinschaft mit Dr. Georg Lehnert bearbeitet und im Auftrage der Landesuniversität herausgegeben von Professor Dr. Herman Haupt (see page 456 Entry for Schwally, Ordinarius Professor 1 August 1908)

External links
Gießen University: History of the Institute for Orientalistic Studies

1863 births
1919 deaths
People from Butzbach
University of Giessen alumni
University of Halle alumni
Academic staff of the University of Strasbourg
Academic staff of the University of Giessen
Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
People from the Grand Duchy of Hesse
German orientalists
German male non-fiction writers


This is a list of Scottish National Party MSPs. It includes all members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) who represented the Scottish National Party in the Scottish Parliament.

List of MSPs

Notes

References

External links
 Current and previous Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), on the Scottish Parliament website
 Scottish National Party

SNP
List


Oliver Ransom Tappin (June 16, 1893 – November 18, 1945) was a Michigan politician.

Political life
The Flint City Commission select him as mayor in 1940.

References

Mayors of Flint, Michigan
1893 births
1945 deaths
20th-century American politicians
People from Suamico, Wisconsin


Wan is a village in the Sialkot District in the Punjab province of Pakistan, situated between Daska, Sambrial and Wazirabad.

Villages in Sialkot District

 Nala Aik cuts this from outer banks.


Riqueti is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

André Boniface Louis de Riquetti, vicomte de Mirabeau (1754–1792), one of the reactionary leaders at the opening of the French Revolution
Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau (1749–1791), French writer, popular orator and statesman
Joseph Shalit Riqueti, Jewish-Italian scholar born at Safed, who directed a Talmudical school in Verona
Sibylle Gabrielle Marie Antoinette Riqueti de Mirabeau (1849–1932), French writer who wrote under the pseudonym GYP
Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau (1715–1789), French economist of the Physiocratic school

French-language surnames


A History of Chinese Literature is a history of Chinese literature written by Herbert Giles, and published in 1901.

Although there had been surveys of Chinese literature in Japanese, it was the first such survey to appear in English. In his preface, Giles claims that such a work of history was not already available, even in Chinese,  since Chinese scholars realized the "utter hopelessness" of "achieving even comparative success in a general historical survey of the subject". But he adds that "It may be said without offence that a work which would be inadequate to the requirements of a native public, may properly be submitted to English readers as an introduction into the great field which lies beyond". A large part of the book is devoted to translations, "enabling the Chinese author, so far as is possible, to speak for himself".

Reception and influence
The scholar and writer Lin Yutang commented that "'History of Chinese Literature' was a misnomer; it was a series of attempted essays on certain Chinese works, and was not even an outline covering the successive periods.”

Qian Zhongshu noted what he called an "amusing mistake" in Giles' "very readable book." Giles
Giles gives a complete version of Ssu-k'ung Tu's 'philosophical poem, consisting of twenty-four apparently unconnected stanzas'. This poem, according to Professor Giles, 'is admirably adapted to exhibit the forms under which pure Taoism commends itself to the mind of a cultivated scholar.' This is what Professor Giles thinks Ssu-K'ung Tu to have done, but what Ssu-K'ung Tu really does is to convey in imageries of surpassing beauty the impressions made upon a sensitive mind by twenty-four different kinds of poetry—'pure, ornate, grotesque', etc.

Ezra Pound used Giles' translations as the basis for what have been called his English "translations of translations".

Editions

  Available online at: Google Books; A History of Chinese Literature Internet Archive;  A History of Chinese Literature Project Gutenberg.

References

References and further reading

Reviews
 Candlin, George T. "A HISTORY OF CHINESE LITERATURE  (Review)" The Monist 11, no. 4 (1901): 616–27.
Suzuki, Teitaro. "PROFESSOR GILES'S HISTORY OF CHINESE LITERATURE (Review)." The Monist 12, no. 1 (1901): 116–22.

1901 non-fiction books
Chinese-language books


Leonie Anne Coleman (born 5 February 1979 in Tamworth, New South Wales) is a retired Australian cricketer. A wicket-keeper, Coleman played in one Test match and 24 One Day Internationals for the Australian national women's cricket team. Coleman is the 151st woman to play Test cricket for Australia.

After making her international debut against New Zealand in 2004, she suffered an injury which kept her out of the international side for several years. She earned a recall to the national side just before the 2007–08 Ashes series, when first choice wicket-keeper Jodie Fields (then Jodie Purves) broke her thumb in a club match. However, Coleman retired from international cricket following the 2009 Women's Cricket World Cup, after Fields was preferred as wicket-keeper throughout the tournament. Coleman is the 99th woman to play One Day International cricket for Australia.

Coleman played domestic cricket for the New South Wales Breakers from 1996 to 2009, then played for the ACT Meteors from 2009 to 2011.

References

External links

1979 births
ACT Meteors cricketers
Australia women One Day International cricketers
Australia women Test cricketers
Australia women Twenty20 International cricketers
Cricketers from New South Wales
Living people
New South Wales Breakers cricketers
Sportspeople from Tamworth, New South Wales
Wicket-keepers
Sportswomen from New South Wales


Guillermo Fariñas Hernández (born 3 January 1962) ("El Coco") is a Cuban doctor of psychology, independent journalist and political dissident in Cuba. He has conducted 23 hunger strikes over the years to protest various elements of the Cuban government and spent more than 11 years in prison. He vowed that he would die in the struggle against censorship in Cuba.

Early life
Fariñas was born in Santa Clara. Fariñas's father, Guillermo Fariñas Key, had been part of the Cuban military forces, and fought in the Congo under Che Guevara in the 1960s. After completing ninth grade, he too began to study in the Camilo Cienfuegos military school, after which he went to Havana as a precadet in the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces, where he studied intelligence and counterintelligence with the special forces. Fariñas formed part of the unit sent to guard the Peruvian embassy during the Mariel Boatlift.

Fariñas underwent special forces training with Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese trainers. In 1980, he was deployed to Angola, where he fought under Colonel Antonio Enrique Luzon. As a special forces soldier in the Commandos for Demolition, Penetration, and Sabotage, he participated in eleven missions into the UNITA rearguard, for which he received military decorations. He received two bullet wounds. In 1981, Fariñas went to the U.S.S.R. to Tambov where he studied at the Airborne Academy but, due to official negligence, suffered exposure to a chemical nerve agent that damaged his health to the point that he had to be discharged from the army.

In 1983, he began studying in the Department of Psychology in the Universidad Central de las Villas. In 1986 he was nearly expelled for being part of a Freudian group which was considered sympathetic to Perestroika and Glasnost. He graduated in 1988. Unable to become a psychology professor because he was considered politically unreliable, Fariñas began working as a clinical psychologist in Camajuaní. He was the Secretary General of the Young Communist League. When he opposed the execution of Arnaldo Ochoa Sánchez, he was expelled from his clinic and lost his membership in the Communist Youth League.

He was transferred to the José Martí Pediatric Hospital in Sancti Spíritus, where he established the mental health ward and adolescent clinic. Nevertheless, he was denied housing for not being politically reliable.

In 1993, he called on Fidel Castro in front of the foreign press to fulfill his promise to reopen the Pedro Borrás Pediatric Hospital in Havana. He was elected General Secretary of Healthcare Workers' Union.

In 1995, Fariñas was sent to the Valle Grande jail in Havana for 20 months. According to Fariñas, this was because he had denounced the corruption of the director of the hospital where he worked, a Central Committee member, to the National Revolutionary Police Force, and as a result was accused of various false crimes, including illegal possession of arms. State media, on the other hand, claim that he went to jail after physically attacking a woman, an official from the health institution where he worked as a psychologist. In 1997, he was condemned to a further 18 months of confinement, during which he undertook a strike on eating solid food. In 2002, he was attacked by a State Security agent and condemned to seven years of confinement, but after undertaking a fourteen-month hunger strike he was released.

In a 2007 interview with Harper's magazine ("The Battle of Ideas"), Fariñas described State Security officers detaining him in Santa Clara, forcibly committing him to a psychiatric hospital ward overnight, and supervising his injection with unknown drugs.

2006 hunger strike
In 2006, Fariñas held a seven-month hunger strike to protest against the Internet censorship in Cuba, in particular the closure of the Ciber Cafe in Santa Clara by State Security forces. He ended it in Autumn 2006, due to severe health problems. His acts received worldwide attention and Reporters Without Borders awarded its cyber-freedom prize to Guillermo Fariñas in 2006. He also received the International Human Rights Award at Weimar.

2010 hunger strike
On February 26, 2010, Fariñas declared yet another hunger strike to protest the death of fellow dissident Orlando Zapata Tamayo. He has indicated that he will remain on strike until twenty-six other prisoners of conscience who are seriously ill are set free. In July, he ended the protest after Raul Castro, the Cuban president, approved the release of 52 prisoners of conscience.

Cuban government response

The Cuban state newspaper Granma stated that Fariñas's legal troubles began "because of a physical altercation with a female co-worker - not politics" and described him as "a paid agent of the United States" and employee of the U.S. Interests Section.

On July 8, 2010, Fariñas ended his 134-day hunger strike Thursday, following signs the communist government is making good on its promise to release 52 political prisoners.

2010 Sakharov Prize
On 20 October 2010, Fariñas was awarded the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought by the European Parliament. In presenting the award the parliament commended Fariñas saying that he was a "symbol of the fight for freedom of speech". This marks the third time that the award has been made to Cuban dissidents.

In December 2010, the Cuban government denied Fariñas an exit visa necessary to travel to Strasbourg to accept the award.  In response the European Parliament said that it would have an empty chair to represent him at the ceremony.  Fariñas said, "I believe that the Cuban government has shown over the years that it is behaving in an arrogant manner."

In 2013, the travel ban was lifted and Fariñas finally received his Prize.

2011 hunger strike
On 3 June 2011, Fariñas declared his hunger strike to protest the Cuban authorities' response to fellow dissident Juan Wilfredo Soto García's death. Fariñas called for those responsible for the reported police beating three days before Soto died in a Santa Clara hospital to be brought to justice. He also demanded for the Cuban government to stop using violent means in its approach to non-violent opposition.

2012 detention
On 24 July 2012, he was one of dozens of activists arrested in Havana at the funeral of dissident Oswaldo Payá. Amnesty International and the U.S. criticized the arrests, with the White House describing them as "a stark demonstration of the climate of repression in Cuba." The dissidents were freed the following day.

2016 hunger strike
In 2016, Fariñas and other members of the opposition organization Patriotic Union of Cuba (UNPACU) protested against the increasingly violent repression of dissidents and activists.

Personal life
Fariñas has a wife, Clara, and a daughter.

References

External links

 Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)

1962 births
Living people
Cuban democracy activists
Cuban dissidents
Cuban human rights activists
Cuban journalists
Cuban military personnel of the Angolan Civil War
Cuban psychologists
Hunger strikers
Cuban male journalists
Nonviolence advocates
Opposition to Fidel Castro
People from Santa Clara, Cuba
Sakharov Prize laureates


William Osmund Kelly (December 10, 1909 – July 1974) was an American politician who served as mayor of Flint, Michigan.

He also filled the position of President for Saint Matthew Men's Club, the Flint Bowling Association and the Michigan Chapter of the National Association of Postmasters.

Early life
Kelly was born on December 10, 1909, in Flint. He graduated from Saint Matthew High School in 1928. He then attended Flint Junior College and formed a band, Oz Kelly and his Orchestra, while there. The band played in Cleveland, Ohio, Milwaukee and Flint at the IMA Auditorium. In 1933, he was married to Albina Jayman.

Political life
The Flint City Commission selected him as Mayor on November 12, 1940, and select for another two years.  During World War II, Kelly resigned to join the Navy and served two years in the Pacific.  In 1946, he was the Lieutenant Governor Democratic candidate but lost.  Kelly was appointed in 1949 acting Postmaster—Flint then latter appointed 22nd Postmaster.

Post-political life
In 1956, he became the Flint Manufacturer's Association Executive Director.

References

1909 births
1974 deaths
Mayors of Flint, Michigan
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Military personnel from Michigan
Michigan Democrats
Michigan postmasters
20th-century American politicians


Jože Dežman (born 26 September 1955) is a Slovenian historian, museum curator, philosopher and editor. He served as the director of the National Museum of Contemporary History in Ljubljana. Since March 2012, he has been the director of the Archives of Slovenia, where he had replaced Dragan Matić. Matić characterised the replacement as politically motivated and pointed out that Dežman is not an archivist.

Dežman was born in the Upper Carniolan town of Lesce. He studied history and philosophy at the University of Ljubljana and finished his studies in 1997. For twenty years, he actively participated in the League of Communists of Slovenia and other Communist political organisations. In the 1990s, he was an active member of the liberal party Liberal Democracy of Slovenia. He later turned to more conservative positions. Since the mid-2000s, he has advocated the inclusion of anti-Communist perspectives in Slovenian historiography.

Dežman described the fundamental characteristics of the crimes following the Second World War as follows:

Dežman was the first chairman of the Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia. He contributed to the European Public Hearing on "Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes" organized by Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the European Union (January–June 2008) and the European Commission by writing the chapter "Communist Repression and Transitional Justice in Slovenia" for the report.

See also
Slovenians
Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia
European Public Hearing on "Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes"

References

20th-century Slovenian historians
People from the Municipality of Radovljica
1955 births
Living people
Contemporary history of Slovenia
Slovenian government officials
University of Ljubljana alumni
21st-century Slovenian historians


The Bonaparte Archipelago is a group of islands off the coast of Western Australia in the Kimberley region, within the Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley. The closest inhabited place is Kalumburu located about  to the east of the island group. The archipelago was named by the Baudin expedition on 16 August 1801 after Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of France.

The archipelago is made up of the islands and islets lying off a stretch of  of coastline, roughly between Collier Bay to the south-west and Admiralty Gulf to the north-east, including islands in Admiralty Gulf itself. The islands are mostly small, and many are best described as islets or emergent rocks. They number several hundred in total. Several submerged banks and shoals are also found within the archipelago.

The largest island in the group is Augustus Island which has an area of .  Another significant island is the  Booby Island, which is classified as an Important Bird Area and Jungulu Island found just off-shore from Augustus Island.

Other islands in the group include Uwins Island, Coronation Island and Bigge Island.

See also
 Browse Island

References

Archipelagoes of Australia


A list of notable Estonian poets:

A
Kai Aareleid
Johannes Aavik
Hendrik Adamson
Artur Adson
Vahur Afanasjev
Eda Ahi
Ave Alavainu
Andres Allan
August Alle
Artur Alliksaar
Betti Alver
Ott Arder

B
Johannes Barbarus
Vladimir Beekman
Priidu Beier
Veiko Belials
Mihkel Bravat

E
Andres Ehin
Kristiina Ehin
Salme Ekbaum
Ernst Enno

G
Villem Grünthal-Ridala

H
Paul Haavaoks
Lehte Hainsalu
Aime Hansen
Viiu Härm
Marie Heiberg
Mehis Heinsaar
Erni Hiir
Indrek Hirv

I
Aapo Ilves
Jaan Isotamm
Ivar Ivask

J
Merle Jääger (pen name Merca)
Carl Robert Jakobson
Peeter Jakobson
Jaak Jõerüüt
Ottniell Jürissaar

K
Bernard Kangro
Maarja Kangro
Jaan Kaplinski
Doris Kareva
Jaan Kärner
Kalev Kesküla
Sven Kivisildnik
Lydia Koidula
Ilmi Kolla
Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald
Jaan Kross
Erni Krusten
Asko Künnap

L
Ilmar Laaban
Uno Laht
Leonhard Lapin
Eha Lättemäe
Kalju Lepik
Juhan Liiv
Martin Lipp
Viivi Luik

M
Uku Masing
Kersti Merilaas
Arvo Mets
Ene Mihkelson
Mikk Murdvee
Kalle Muuli

N
Ellen Niit
Minni Nurme

O
Sulev Oll
Tõnu Õnnepalu

P

Jaan Pehk
Kristjan Jaak Peterson

R
Alexis Rannit
Eno Raud
Mart Raud
Karl Ristikivi
Jürgen Rooste
Andrus Rõuk
Paul-Eerik Rummo

S
August Sang
Johannes Semper
Karl Martin Sinijärv
Juhan Smuul
Lauri Sommer
Eric Stenbock
Gustav Suits
Juhan Sütiste

T
Jüri Talvet
Heiti Talvik
Tarmo Teder
Tiia Toomet
Mats Traat
Tõnu Trubetsky
Leelo Tungal
Ülo Tuulik

U
Kauksi Ülle
Marie Under
Jaak Urmet

V
Debora Vaarandi
Kätlin Vainola
Aidi Vallik
Arvo Valton
Johannes Vares
Mihkel Veske
Enn Vetemaa
Elo Viiding
Juhan Viiding
Paul Viiding
Heiki Vilep
Henrik Visnapuu
Peeter Volkonski

W
Wimberg

 List of Estonian poets
Estonian
Poets


Anna Katrina Simcic (born 8 November 1971), married name Anna Forrest, is a female former New Zealand swimming representative. In August 2021, it was announced that she would feature in the 2021 Season of
Celebrity Treasure Island 2021.

Swimming career
Simcic represented New Zealand at two Olympic Games.

At the 1992 Summer Olympics she placed 5th in the final of the women's 200 m backstroke. In 1996 at the Atlanta Olympics she placed 6th in the same event.

She won a gold medal at the 1990 Commonwealth Games in the women's 200 m backstroke. At the same Games she also won a silver medal in the women's 100 m backstroke. Four years later at the 1994 Commonwealth Games she won another silver medal in the women's 200 m backstroke. Despite being of New Zealand nationality she won the ASA National British Championships 200 metres backstroke title in 1990.

Personal life
Simcic is married to former professional rugby player Simon Forrest.

References

1971 births
Living people
New Zealand female swimmers
Olympic swimmers for New Zealand
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for New Zealand
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for New Zealand
Swimmers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1990 Commonwealth Games
Swimmers at the 1994 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
New Zealand people of Croatian descent
Female backstroke swimmers
Medallists at the 1990 Commonwealth Games


|}

The Hilly Way Chase is a Grade 2 National Hunt steeplechase in Ireland. It is run at Cork Racecourse in December, over a distance of about 2 miles and half a furlong (2 miles and 160 yards, or 3,365 metres).

The race was first run in 2001 as a Grade 3 race, before being awarded Grade 2 status in 2003. It is currently sponsored by the Kerry Group.

Records
Most successful horse (3 wins)
 Golden Silver (2009, 2010, 2011)

Leading jockey (7 wins):
 Paul Townend – Golden Silver (2009, 2010), Twinlight (2013), Douvan (2016), Castlegrace Paddy (2018), Chacun Pour Soi (2020), Energumene (2022)

Leading trainer (14 wins):
 Willie Mullins - Our Ben (2007), Scotsirish (2008), Golden Silver (2009, 2010, 2011), Twinlight (2013), Felix Yonger (2014, 2015), Douvan (2016), Un De Sceaux (2017), Cilaos Emery (2019), Chacun Pour Soi (2020), Energumene (2021,2022)

Winners

See also
 Horse racing in Ireland
 List of Irish National Hunt races

References
 Racing Post:
 , , , , , , , , ,
 , , , , , , , , , ,

National Hunt races in Ireland
National Hunt chases
Cork Racecourse
Recurring sporting events established in 2001
2001 establishments in Ireland


Reading Civic Centre was a civic centre in the town of Reading, itself in the English county of Berkshire. The centre dated from the mid-1970s.

History
Prior to the 16th century, civic administration for the town of Reading was situated in the Yield Hall, a guild hall situated by the River Kennet near today's Yield Hall Lane. After a brief stay in what later became Greyfriars Church, the town council created a new town hall by inserting an upper floor into the refectory of the Hospitium of St John, the former hospitium of Reading Abbey. This was to remain the site of Reading's civic administration, through the successive re-buildings that eventually created today's Reading Town Hall, until the 1970s.

By the 1950s the administration of the town of Reading had overflowed the available offices in the Town Hall, and the council decided to build new civic offices. The decision was taken to build these at the opposite end of the town centre from the Town Hall, where land was available following slum clearance. The architect for the new civic offices was the firm of Robert Matthew, Johnson-Marshall & Partners, who also designed the new police station and Hexagon theatre. The new Civic Centre was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II in May 1978.

In 2014, the civic offices were deemed to be at the end of its design life and the council gave approval for demolition. The civic offices were demolished between 2015 and 2016.

Architecture
The civic centre originally comprised four adjacent and interlinked buildings. All four buildings were positioned around the southern and western sides of an above-ground public plaza, with the area below the buildings and plaza given over to service roads and car parking structures.
 Reading Civic Offices, housing the offices of Reading Borough Council
 Reading Police Station, the local headquarters of the Thames Valley Police
 Reading Magistrates' Court, the local magistrates' court
 The Hexagon, a local multi-purpose arts venue and theatre

Whilst the plaza, police station, magistrates court and theatre are still extant and in use for their original purposes, the civic offices became empty after Reading Borough Council relocated their offices to Bridge Street in 2014, and the civic offices were demolished between 2015 and 2016.

References

Civic Centre
City and town halls in Berkshire
Government buildings completed in 1978


Truth in 24 is a 2008 documentary film edited, written and directed by Keith Cossrow and Bennett Viseltear detailing Audi's preparation for the 2008 24 Hours of Le Mans.  The team is followed through several races prior to Le Mans, including the 12 Hours of Sebring and the 1000km of Monza. Neither race results in victory for Audi (although they did win class at Sebring) heading into Le Mans. The focus shifts to Le Mans itself, documenting the buildup to the race and the ultimate result of the race.

British action film actor Jason Statham is the film's narrator. Numerous Audi officials and drivers are interviewed through the film, including the eventual winning team of Allan McNish, Dindo Capello, and Tom Kristensen.

Release
Truth in 24 had its television premiere on March 20, 2009, airing on ESPN.  The release was the day prior to the 2009 12 Hours of Sebring.  The film was released as a free download on iTunes on March 24, 2009.

On March 27, 2012, it was announced that a sequel would be made to Truth in 24, which was called Truth in 24 II and highlighted Audi's participation at the 2011 24 Hours of Le Mans.

References

External links

2008 films
Documentary films about auto racing
Works about 24 Hours of Le Mans
American sports documentary films
American auto racing films
2008 documentary films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
English-language documentary films


is the thirteenth single by Japanese recording artist Aya Ueto, released February 15, 2006 as the third and final single from Ueto's fourth studio album License.

Overview

"Egao no Mama de" was written and produced by Ryoji from Ketsumeishi, while its title was chosen by Ueto. The song marks Ueto's second consecutive collaboration with Ryoji, who also wrote and produced "Kaze o Ukete" (2005). "Egao no Mama de" is Ueto's first single to not contain a B-side, instead two "mega mixes," one featuring a mash-up of Ueto's singles to date, and the other featuring songs from License, were included.

The theme of the song is growth and its lyrics were inspired by the cherry blossom season, which is commonly associated with encounters and separations. The music video features a scene in which Ueto gets a drastic haircut to reflect her personal growth.

Chart performance
"Egao no Mama de" debuted on the Oricon Daily Singles chart at number 8 on February 14, 2006, and peaked at number 15 on the Oricon Weekly Singles chart, with 9,546 copies sold in its first week. The single charted for four weeks and has sold a total of 12,888 copies.

Track listing

Charts

Release history

References

External links

2006 singles
Aya Ueto songs
2006 songs


Gabriel Huquier (1695–1772) was an entrepreneurial French draughtsman, engraver, printmaker, publisher, and art collector,  who became a pivotal figure in the production of French 18th-century ornamental etchings and engravings

Biography
Huquier moved to Paris from Orléans in 1727 and opened a workshop, Aux armes d'Angleterre at rue Saint-Denis in the vicinity of the Grand Châtelet, advertising in the Mercure de France. In 1734, he etched the first print after François Boucher, Andromeda, which was followed by many others. Altogether, Huquier published over eighty of Boucher's prints, including his chinoseries.

Huquier became a prominent engraver and designer of ornament in an advanced Rococo taste, working from about 1731 until his apparent retirement in 1761. He engraved Watteau's designs, interpreting and adapting them so that he became the main source through whom Watteau's ornament was known in the 18th century and went on to etch and engrave designs of Jacques de Lajoue, François Boucher, Gilles-Marie Oppenord, Juste-Aurèle Meissonnier, Alexis Peyrotte, Nicolas Pineau and many other contemporary painters
and designers.

Huquier was a collector of works of art, whose collections were dispersed at three great auction sales, in Amsterdam, 1761, in Paris, 1771, and after his death, in Paris, 1772.

Legacy
His son Jacques (or James) Gabriel Huquier (1730–1805) known as Huquier fils, was also an engraver, as well as a portrait painter.

Works by Huquier are held in the collections of the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, the Science Museum Group, the Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the University of Michigan Museum of Art, the British Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the Harvard Art Museums.

References

External links

1695 births
1772 deaths
French art dealers
French engravers
18th-century engravers
French art collectors
18th-century art collectors
People from Orléans
French etchers


Otto Schrader may refer to:

 Otto Schrader (philologist) (1855–1919), German philologist and Indo-European scholar
 Otto von Schrader (1888–1945), German naval officer


Batchelor Heights is a neighbourhood of the city of Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada. Its name derives from that of Batchelor Hill, a local landmark named for Owen Salisbury Batchelor, an early settler, prospector and rancher who lived in the area.

See also
Batchelor Range
Brocklehurst, Kamloops

References

Neighbourhoods in Kamloops


Kuzmanović () is a Serbian surname, a patronymic derived from the South Slavic male given name Kuzman, a variant of the Greek Cosmas. Notable people with the surname include:

Danilo Kuzmanović, Serbian footballer
Rajko Kuzmanović, Bosnian Serb politician
Vladimir Kuzmanović, Serbian-born Macedonian basketball player
Zdravko Kuzmanović, Swiss-born Serbian footballer

See also
Kuzmanovski

Surnames of Serbian origin


Adam de Stratton (died 1292–94) was a royal moneylender, administrator and clergyman under Edward I of England. He advanced professionally through the patronage of the earls of Devon, and became Chamberlain of the Exchequer and steward of Isabella, Countess of Devon. At the same time he made himself an enormous fortune through moneylending, primarily by acquiring debts from Jewish moneylenders. His business methods were dubious and often involved various illegal activities. In 1290 he fell victim to an investigation of corruption in the royal administration, and from 1292 until his death— no later than 1294—he was held in prison. Stratton has been called by a modern historian "the greatest and probably the most unscrupulous of thirteenth-century money lenders, who eventually met the fate he deserved."

Early career
Adam Stratton was the son of Thomas de Argoges, or Arwillis, of Stratton St Margaret in Wiltshire. Adam himself used the name "de Argoges" until 1264, when he appears as "de Stratton"; a change which probably reflects his emergence as a major landowner in that area. He had at least three brothers, Thomas, William and Henry de Stratton, and one sister, Christine. He found Crown employment for all his brothers: Thomas and William had positions in the Exchequer, while Henry was a judge in Ireland in the 1270s.Nothing is known of Adam's early life; the first mention of him dates from 1256, when he was a royal clerk at the Exchequer. It is likely that he procured this position from the Redvers earls of Devon, with whom he had a strong connection throughout his career. The earls of Devon were hereditary chamberlains of the Exchequer. Through the Devon patronage he rose quickly through the ranks; in 1263 he became master of the king's works at Westminster, and Isabella, Countess of Devon's deputy as the chamberlain of the Exchequer. In 1276 Countess Isabella enfeoffed him with the chamberlainship, a position that was accompanied by several manors in Wiltshire. As a clergyman he was also a notorious pluralist, and in 1280 held 23 benefices.

The majority of his fortune, however, came from moneylending. Up until their expulsion in 1290, the major moneylenders in England were Jews, who were not covered by Christian bans on usury. During the reign of Henry III, however, the Jews were taxed at extortionate rates, and many were forced to sell acquired debts at reduced prices. These debts were lucrative because the buyers were not bound by the existing contract. They could demand higher rates, or sometimes even take forfeit in land. Stratton was one of the greater beneficiaries of the opportunities offered by trading in Jewish debts. From at least 1271 he was also associated with the Riccardi, a major Italian financier family.

Illegal activities and downfall

From 1277, Stratton acted in the capacity of Countess Isabella's steward, though he never officially used that title. It was in this post that he committed some of his most grievous offences. In 1278 he was accused of cutting off the seal of a charter from Quarr Abbey, thereby invalidating its authenticity. As a result, several other similar cases were brought to light, but none led to conviction. It was widely believed that he had bought himself off with bribes. Stratton's transgressions continued, however, and by the late 1280s, the complaints reached King Edward I. Edward returned from a prolonged stay in Gascony in late 1289, and immediately started a purge of corruption in the royal administration, including proceedings against Ralph de Hengham, Chief Justice of the King's Bench. Stratton was relieved of his office of chamberlain, along with his temporal possessions, on 17 January 1290. On his arrest, £12,666 17s 7d was found in his possession, a vast sum at the time, equivalent to about £ in present-day terms. According to the chronicle of Bartholomew Cotton, a silk-lined chest was also discovered, containing fingernail and toenail clippings, women's pubic hair, and feet of toads and moles. These were considered the ingredients of witchcraft, and the box was sealed up by officials, but Stratton managed to break the seal and throw the contents down into a latrine.

His friends procured a pardon for 500 marks by 12 June 1291, and Stratton was released. He retained his ecclesiastical rents of £1,000, which still made him a wealthy man. Still, the sum was insignificant compared to his previous holdings in land, which Cotton estimated at £50,000. His eventual downfall, however, resulted from an ongoing conflict with the Cluniac priory of Bermondsey. Stratton was convicted of forging a grant, and by Midsummer 1292 he was imprisoned in the Tower. By the end of the year he was condemned, and he is referred to as a felon in the years 1292–94. By 14 August 1294 he was dead, though it is not known whether he was executed or died from natural causes. According to F. M. Powicke, "the career of Adam de Stratton deserves our attention as a striking example of the interplay of public and private, local and central, royal and baronial, financial and administrative activities in social life."

References

Further reading

13th-century births
1290s deaths
English bankers


Sofia Sigizmundovna Dzerzhinskaya (born Muszkat; ; ; 4 December 1882 – 27 February 1968) was a leading Polish Social Democrat and later Communist politician. During WWII, she was director of the Polish language Tadeusz Kościuszko radio station, broadcasting the communist message into occupied Poland.

From September 1918 through February 1919, Sofia was a member of the Soviet diplomatic mission in Bern. From 1920, she lived in the Soviet Union, in Moscow where she worked as a teacher. In 1922, Sofia worked in the School of Rosa Luxemburg in Moscow, later, 1923–24 at the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West. After that, she worked in the Polish Bureau of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. From 1939 to 1943, Sofia worked at the Executive Committee of Comintern. In 1969, her memoirs "Lata wielkich bojów: wspomnienia" were published in Poland by Książka i Wiedza publishing house. She died in Moscow in 1968 and was buried at Novodevichy Cemetery.

Personal life
She was born in Warsaw, Poland, to a Jewish family. She married Felix Dzerzhinsky on 10 November 1910 in Kraków at the St. Nicholas Church. On 23 June 1911, in Pawiak prison, she gave birth to their only son and child Janek (Jan).

See also
 Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee

References

Sources

Robert Blobaum: Feliks Dzierzynsky and the SDKPiL: A study of the origins of Polish Communism (1984).

1882 births
1968 deaths
19th-century Polish Jews
20th-century Polish women politicians
People from Warsaw Governorate
Politicians from Warsaw
Chopin University of Music alumni
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Banner of Work
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania politicians
Bolsheviks
Jewish socialists
Polish communists
Polish emigrants to the Soviet Union
Polish revolutionaries
Soviet women diplomats

Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery


Joseph Rogers House may refer to:

 Joseph Hale Rogers House, Lexington, Kentucky, listed on the NRHP in Fayette County, Kentucky
 Joseph Rogers House (Newport, Rhode Island), listed on the NRHP in Rhode Island

See also
Rogers House (disambiguation)


Tata Prima is a range of heavy trucks produced by Tata Motors, a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata & Sons of India. It was first introduced in 2008 as the company's 'global' truck. Tata Prima was the winner of the 'Commercial Vehicle of the Year' at the Apollo Commercial Vehicles Awards, 2010 and 2012. The 'HCV (Cargo) Truck of the Year, 2010' and the 'HCV (Rigid) Truck of the Year, 2012'.
First truck range with Common rail engine, Automatic transmission, World-class cabin with HVAC, Air suspension driver seats, Data logger for performance tracking. The trucks have a combined loading capacity of 55 tonnes, ideal for heavy-duty shipment. The interior of the Prima is equipped with modern features like GPS, air conditioning, 4-way adjustable driver and co-driver seats, ADAS features like lane departure warning, driver eye monitoring system etc.

The first in line of the Prima trucks is the Prima 4028S tractor with a 266PS Cummins ISBE engine bearing a 9 speed ZF transmission. Korean domestic market variants of the Tata Prima are equipped with either HD Hyundai Infracore made engines (older models), or newer Cummins ISMe 440 Euro 5 engines, or IVECO FPT Cursor 11 480 Euro 6 compliant engines. The tractor is available in Saudi Arabia with 380hp with 44 ton capacity and 4×2 configuration, The tractor also has ABS and dedicated axles along with a trailer to aid in heavy goods transportation. Besides focusing on the mechanics, the tractor also focuses on driver comfort which include an air-conditioned cabin with reclining seats, arm rest and an adjustable steering wheel. Global Positioning System (GPS) is a standard feature. It has some of the features like dual-clutch which are not present in some of the trucks in its price range. There are ten major variants in the Prima range which include trucks, tractors and special application vehicles.

Korean version was facelifted in 2017. In February 2020, BS-6 version of tata prima was introduced by tata motors at Asia's largest motor show. It is equipped with the Cummins ISBE6.7 which has 250 and 300 hp variant. And it replaced by new Tata Daewoo Maxen range in 2022.

In 2022 Tata launched a facelift for their prima tractor with ADAS (Advanced driver-assistance system) which became the first Indian truck to have it, this included lane departure warning, forward collision warning and more. The cabin was also updated with fatigue monitoring system. On the exterior, the edges of the cabin were squared off compared to the older version.

Tipper range

2825.k/tk

3525.k/tk

2830.k/tk

3530.k/tk

Tractor range

4025.s

4030.s

4625.s

4630.s

5530.s

Engines
Cummins ISBE6.7

250 hp@2300rpm

950 nm
@1000-1800 rpm

300 hp@2300rpm

1100 nm
@1000-1800 rpm

Gearbox
2830.k/tk
3525.k/tk

Is equipped with

ZF 1115td 9s

9 speed

430 mm clutch

2825t/tk

3525.t/tk

4030.s

4025.s

4630.s

4625.s

5530.s

Is equipped with

Tata Motors G1150

9 speed

430dia clutch

It also raced in the Buddh International Circuit. It is also counted as a racing vehicle in the eyes of FIA.

References

External links
 Tata Motors Corporate Web Site
 Tata World Trucks

2000s cars
Vehicles introduced in 2009
Prima


Turkey’s sunny climate possesses a high solar energy potential, specifically in the South Eastern Anatolia and Mediterranean regions. Solar power is a growing part of renewable energy in the country, with 10 gigawatts (GW) of solar panels generating 5% of the country's electricity. Solar thermal is also important.

Although similarly sunny, by 2021 Turkey had installed far less solar power than Spain. Solar power subsidizes coal and fossil gas power. Every gigawatt of solar power installed would save over US$100 million on gas import costs, and more of the country's electricity might be exported.

Most new solar power is tendered as part of hybrid power plants. Building new solar power plants would be cheaper than running existing import-dependent coal plants if they were not subsidized. However, think tank Ember has listed several obstacles to building utility-scale solar plants, such as insufficient new grid capacity for solar power at transformers, a 50 MW cap for any single solar power plant's installed capacity, and large consumers not allowed to sign long-term power purchase agreements for new solar installations.

Background

Turkey has a sunny climate, ideal for producing solar power. There are about 2600 hours of sunshine each year (about 7 hours a day), almost twice that of Germany, yet Germany has five times as much solar capacity. Turkey's average annual solar irradiance is over 1 million terrawatt-hours, that is about 1500 kW·h/(m2·yr) or over 4 kW·h/(m2·d). Covering less than 5% of the country's land area with solar panels would provide all the energy needed. Solar power may also be preferable to other renewable energy sources such as wind power and hydroelectricity because wind speed and rainfall can be low in summer, which is when demand peaks due to air conditioning.

Solar water heating has been commonplace in Turkey since the 1970s, but the first licences for solar electricity generation were not granted until 2014. Fatih Birol, executive director of the International Energy Agency (IEA), said that in 2021 less than 3% of solar potential was being used.

Policies and laws
The country plans to increase capacity to almost 53 GW by 2035.

Systems producing over 5 megawatts (MW) of power must be licensed by the Energy Market Regulatory Authority if they feed into the grid.

Since 2021 feed-in tariffs for new installations have been in lira (but are maximum about US$0.05 per kWh) and set by the president, but the 10-year period has been criticised as too short. In 2022 there are many applications for hybrid solar and wind licences.  there are 9 renewable energy cooperatives; it has been suggested that agricultural energy cooperatives would be profitable if farmers had more loans and technical help to establish them. According to think tank Ember, building new wind and solar power is cheaper than running existing coal plants which depend on imported coal. But they say that there are obstacles to building utility-scale solar, such as lack of new capacity allocated for solar power at transformers, a 50 MW cap for any single solar power plant's installed capacity, and large consumers being unable to sign long-term power purchase agreements for new unlicensed solar installations. Owners of these small unlicensed installations can sell to the grid at the same price as they buy.

Economics

As in many countries for many types of variable renewable energy, from time to time the government invites companies to tender sealed bids to construct a certain capacity of solar power to connect to certain electricity substations. By accepting the lowest bid the government commits to buy at that price per kWh for a fixed number of years, or up to a certain total amount of power. This provides certainty for investors against highly volatile wholesale electricity prices. However they may still risk exchange rate volatility if they borrowed in foreign currency. For example as Turkey does not have enough solar cell manufacturing capacity they would likely be bought from China and so would have to be paid for in foreign currency. In 22/23 a third of solar cell exports from China went to Turkey.

In 2021 prices at these "solar auctions" were similar to or lower than average wholesale electricity prices, and large-scale solar for companies own use is also competitive; but macroeconomic challenges and exchange rate volatility are causing uncertainty. Installation costs are low and according to the Turkish Solar Energy Industry Association the industry provides jobs for 100,000 people. As part of the fourth round of solar auctions which are planned to total 1000 MW in lots of 50 MW and 100 MW, in April 2022 three lots of 100 MW were auctioned at prices around 400 lira per MWh, around 25 euros at the exchange rate at that time. The tender included a 60% foreign exchange weight clause, which partly protects against currency volatility, and selling on the open market is also allowed.

Modelling by Carbon Tracker indicates that new solar power will become cheaper than all existing coal plants by 2023. According to a May 2022 report from think tank Ember wind and solar saved 7 billion dollars on gas imports in the preceding 12 months. Every gigawatt of solar power installed would save over US$100 million on gas import costs. According to a 2022 study by Shura almost all coal power could be replaced by renewables (mainly solar) by 2030. Export of solar power could increase together eventually with hydrogen produced by clean electricity. Operation and maintenance costs of concentrated solar power is about 2 UScent/kWh. As well as reducing electricity prices, above a certain level increasing solar power tends to stabilize them.

Heating and hot water
Sales of vacuum tube hot water systems have exceeded flat-plate collectors since 2019. Vacuum tubes are more efficient for households than flat plate. Turkey is second in the world in solar water heating collector capacity after China, with about 26 million square metres generating 1.15 million tonnes of oil equivalent heat energy each year. About two-thirds is residential and a third industrial. Installed domestic hot water systems are typically convection without pumping, with 2 flat plate collectors, each nearly 2 m². Solar combi (space and water heating backed up by gas) is starting to be installed in villas and hotels.

The industry is well developed for hot water with high quality manufacturing and export capacity, but less so for space heating, and is hampered by subsidies for coal heating. A 2018 study found that solar water heating saved on average 13% energy and increased the value of properties.

In 2021 the IEA recommended that the Turkish government should support solar water heating because "technology and infrastructure quality needs to improve significantly to maximise its potential".

Solar heating is also used for agriculture in Turkey, for example drying produce with solar air heaters.

Photovoltaics

Photovoltaics (PV) growth was supported by the government during the 2010s. Monthly average efficiencies are from 12–17% depending on tilt and climate type; specific yield decreases with elevation. In 2020 solar cell manufacturing started in Turkey, and in 2022 Minister of Energy and Natural Resources Fatih Dönmez claimed that Turkey could assemble enough solar panels annually to produce 8 GW of power. Industry sometimes uses its own solar power for processes which need a lot of electricity, such as electrolysis. , unlike in the EU, obsolete solar panels are not classified as electronic waste and recycling criteria are not defined. Solar PV has been suggested at public charging stations. Turkey's greenhouse gas emissions attributable to solar PV are estimated at around 30 g Co2eq/kWh for utility scale and 30–60 g for rooftop; emissions for coal and natural gas are over 1000 g and about 400 g respectively.

Solar farms
The largest solar farm is Karapınar, which started generation in 2020 and is planned to exceed 1 GW by the end of 2022. If a solar power plant is not cleaned for a year it can lose over 5% efficiency. Environmental groups say that half of opencast mines for brown coal (lignite) in Turkey could be converted to 13 GW of solar farms (some with battery storage) generating 19 TWh per year, as much of the electrical infrastructure is already in place for the 10 GW of the 22 adjacent lignite-fired power stations. Aluminium producers favour solar as they use a lot of electricity for electrolysis.

Rooftop
 there is about 1 GW of rooftop solar, companies are installing a lot, and the government is aiming for 2–4 GW by the early 2030s. If total electricity generated by solar panels exceeds 50% of the capacity of the local distribution transformer no more will be approved in that area.

Residential
The limit for a household is 10 kW. The payback period is very long because electricity from the grid to householders is subsidised a lot. , the payback period of rooftop solar with net metering for homeowners and businesses was estimated at 11 years; removal of VAT and the fixed government approval fee, and attaching borrowing for installation to the property's mortgage has been suggested to shorten this.

Non-residential
In general non-residential grid power is more expensive than residential, so the payback period is much shorter. From 2023 new buildings larger than 5,000 square meters will have to generate at least five per cent of their energy from renewables. A 2021 study in Ankara found far more rooftop potential for public and commercial buildings than residential. The study also suggested increasing technical potential by suitable roof design in new buildings. Solar PV used with heat pumps may be able to make buildings zero energy in the Mediterranean Region. Aluminium producer  claimed in 2022 to be installing the world's largest rooftop solar power system on the roofs of its buildings.

Agriculture
Farmers are financially supported to install solar panels, for example to power irrigation pumps, and can sell some electricity. Agrivoltaics has been suggested as suitable for wheat, maize and some other shade-loving vegetables. Hybrid solar and biogas has been suggested, for example on dairy farms. Rainwater harvesting has been suggested.

Alternatives to photovoltaics

Mehmet Bulut of the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources suggested in 2021 that concentrated solar power (CSP) could be co-located with photovoltaics in the south-east. CSP systems generate electricity by using lenses or mirrors to reflect the sun's rays onto a central receiver, which converts the light into heat, which in turn is converted to electricity. Turkey's first solar power tower, the Greenway CSP Mersin Solar Tower Plant in Mersin, was constructed in 2013 and has an installed power of 5 MW.

A solar updraft tower has been suggested for Antalya Province.

See also
 Renewable energy in Turkey
 Wind power in Turkey
 Geothermal power in Turkey
 Biofuel in Turkey
 Hydroelectricity in Turkey

Further reading

References

External links

 Turkish Solar Energy Industry Association
 Turkish section of the International Solar Energy Society
 Turkish Society of HVAC and Sanitary Engineers (TTMD)


|}

The Kinloch Brae Chase, currently run as the Horse & Jockey Hotel Chase, is a Grade 2 National Hunt steeplechase in Ireland. It is run at Thurles Racecourse in late January or early February, over a distance of about 2 miles and 4½ furlongs (2 miles 4 furlongs and 118 yards, or 4,131 metres) and during its running there are 14 fences to be jumped.

The race was first run in 1997. It was downgraded from Grade 2 to Grade 3 in 2017. and returned to Grade 2 status in 2018.

Records
Most successful horse (3 wins):
 Native Upmanship – (2002, 2003, 2004)

Leading jockey  (4 wins):
 Paul Townend - Quito De La Roque (2013), Real Steel (2020), Allaho (2021, 2022)

Leading trainer (4 wins):
 Arthur Moore -  Manhattan Castle (1998), Native Upmanship (2002, 2003, 2004)
 Willie Mullins - Apt Approach (2012), Real Steel (2020), Allaho (2021, 2022)

Winners

See also
 Horse racing in Ireland
 List of Irish National Hunt races

References

Racing Post:
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , ,

National Hunt races in Ireland
National Hunt chases
Thurles Racecourse


Naumoski () is a surname predominantly from North Macedonia. Notable people with the surname include:

 Ilčo Naumoski (born 1983), Macedonian footballer
 Petar Naumoski (born 1968), Macedonian basketball player
 Sandre Naumoski (born 1979), Macedonian American indoor footballer


The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child is an annual journal, published by Taylor & Francis, which contains scholarly articles on topics related to child psychiatry and psychoanalysis. The journal was founded in 1945 by Anna Freud, Heinz Hartmann, and Ernst Kris, and was previously published by Yale University Press.

Abstracting and indexing
The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child is indexed and abstracted in:
 Scopus
 Social Sciences Citation Index
 Web of Science

See also

International Journal of Psychoanalysis
Anna Freud Centre
Yale Child Study Center

External links

Academic journals published by university presses of the United States
Annual journals
Psychoanalysis journals
Academic journals established in 1945


There are several school districts in the United States called Chesterfield School District, including:

Chesterfield School District (New Hampshire), in Chesterfield, New Hampshire
Chesterfield School District (New Jersey), in Chesterfield Township


Akin to Uganda, Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic, Zambia is one of the few Christian nations that allows polygamous unions to be legally formed. Under Zambian law, polygamous unions may be contracted and they have been reported to be extremely widespread in the nation. Similar to most countries that provide polygamy as a form of marriage, the first wife must consent to the practice of polygamy before she marries her husband. If she declines, her husband will not be allowed to marry another woman while married to his current wife. According to a 2003 survey, 16% of marriages in Zambia are polygamous. While frequently more common in rural areas, the practice can also be found in more urban settings.

Zambian Law recognizes two kinds of marriage; Statutory marriages under the Marriage Act and customary marriage under different customs that may vary from tribe to tribe. Polygamy is not allowed for those married under the Marriage Act. It is a criminal offense (bigamy) for a person married under the Act to undergo a marriage ceremony whilst legally married to another person. Customary law marriages are potentially polygamous. Whether a man needs consent of his existing wife or wives before taking another wife or wives depends on the particular customs governing the marriage.

References

Polygamy in Africa
Zambia
Society of Zambia
Women's rights in Zambia


James Rogers House may refer to:

 James Mitchell Rogers House, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Forsyth County
 James Rogers House (Belleview, Kentucky), NRHP-listed in Boone County

See also
Rogers House (disambiguation)


Sénah Mango (born December 13, 1991 in Lomé) is a Togolese footballer who plays as a central defender for FC Coffrane in the Swiss 1. Liga.

Career
Sènah began his career in his youth with Olympique Marseille and was a part of the 2008 U-16 French League winning side. He was promoted to the Marseille reserve team at the age of 17 and played his first reserve team game in September 2007.

Sènah spent the 2011/2012 season on loan at Ligue 2 club AS Monaco. The loan deal included an option to buy. He saw first-team action while on loan at Uzès Pont du Gard in 2013.

He spent the 2013–14 season at French third-division club Luzenac, where he played a part in the team's eventual promotion to Ligue 2 at the end of the season, though the club was unable to compete in Ligue 2 for financial reasons. His contract with Marseille expired at the end of the 2014 season and he became an unattached free agent.

Sénah signed with Boulogne for the 2014/15 season. In July 2017 he joined El Ejido. He played there for one season, before joining CD Don Benito. Seven months later, on 31 January 2019, he left the club by mutual consent.

International
Mango played his first international game on 10 September 2008 against Zambia national football team and scored his first goal on 11 February 2009 against Burkina Faso national football team.

Honours
 2007 : Champions de France des – de 16 (OM)

References

External links

 OM Profile

1991 births
Living people
Togolese men's footballers
Togo men's international footballers
French men's footballers
Olympique de Marseille players
AS Monaco FC players
ES Uzès Pont du Gard players
Luzenac AP players
US Boulogne players
UE Sant Julià players
Championnat National players
Championnat National 2 players
Championnat National 3 players
Segunda División B players
Primera Divisió players
Men's association football defenders
Togolese expatriate men's footballers
Togolese expatriate sportspeople in France
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Togolese expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Andorra
21st-century Togolese people
Togolese expatriate sportspeople in Monaco
Togolese expatriate sportspeople in Andorra
Expatriate men's footballers in Monaco


James Rogers House in Belleview, Kentucky is a Queen Anne-style farmhouse built in 1903.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

It is a modified T-form frame house with three cross-gables.  It was built by carpenters John Presser and Henry Griffith and stonemason Timothy Hogan.  It was one of six Queen Anne style buildings identified in Boone County in a survey.  A smokehouse and a livestock barn on the property are also contributing buildings.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Boone County, Kentucky
Queen Anne architecture in Kentucky
Houses completed in 1903
Houses in Boone County, Kentucky
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Kentucky
1903 establishments in Kentucky


St. Peter () is the 8th District of Graz, in Styria, Austria.
Its area is 8.86 km2.
Its population is 14,179  ''(01.01.2008)

Its Postal Codes are:  8010, 8041, 8042, 8051.


Polygamous marriages are not legally recognized in Mongolia. According to news.china.com, some Mongolian newspapers in 2005 discussed whether Mongolia should legalize polygamous unions. Proponents of such unions argued that the legislation would help reduce the imbalance of the male and female population.

References

Society of Mongolia
Mongolia
Mongolia


Dan Gordon (born 1961) is an actor, director and playwright from Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Early life
Gordon was born in Belfast in 1961, the son of David, a shipyard worker, and Irene. He was educated at Sydenham Infants and Strand Primary (later renamed Victoria Primary) and Sullivan Upper School in Holywood where he developed his interest in acting. He trained as a teacher at Stranmillis University College where he read English and Drama.

Gordon left teaching and worked part-time at the Lyric Theatre in Belfast.

Career
He is best known in Northern Ireland for his portrayal of Red Hand Luke in the BBC Northern Ireland sitcom Give My Head Peace. He starred in the Marie Jones monodrama A Night in November in the Tricycle theatre in London and again in the Lyric Theatre in Belfast. The production played off-Broadway in 1998 and Gordon was nominated for a Broadway Outer Critics Circle Award for outstanding solo performance.

He has also worked in dramas on BBC Radio 3 and 4, and is a columnist for the Belfast newspaper Sunday Life. In 2004 he won BBC Northern Ireland Drama's first ever radio drama competition.

In 2009, he staged a self-written piece about Harland and Wolff Shipyards in Belfast. The play, provisionally titled All the Queen's Men, received its premier in an East Belfast church, known locally as the Shipyard Church.  Now known as The Boat Factory, it toured unusual venues during October 2010. The production played the Edinburgh Festival 2012 and the following year played in New York at the 59E59 Theatre as part of the BRITS OFF BROADWAY JUN 4 - JUN 30, 2013. The production also played at the King's Head Theatre Islington, Theatre Clwyd Mold and Gordon was nominated in the Best Actor category for an Off-West End 'OFFIE' award.

In 2015 Gordon appeared in The God of Carnage (Prime Cut Productions ) at Belfast MAC https://themaclive.com  - The Shadow of a Gunman at The Abbey Theatre Dublin and Christmas Eve Can Kill You by Marie Jones at The Lyric Theatre Belfast. Christmas Eve Can Kill You is the most successful play produced by the Lyric Theatre to date breaking all box office records.

Personal life
He married his wife, Cathy, in November 1984. The couple have three daughters: Sarah, Hannah and Martha.

References

1961 births
Living people
Male television actors from Northern Ireland
Male radio actors from Northern Ireland
Male actors from Belfast