Stan Barrett (born June 26, 1943) is a Hollywood stuntman, stunt coordinator actor, and former stock car racing driver. His biggest act was however outside the movie world. On December 17, 1979, he attempted to break the land speed record, and the sound barrier in the Budweiser Rocket rocket-powered three-wheel vehicle. His calculated speed was 739.666 miles per hour, (Mach 1.01), which would have made Barrett the first man to break the sound barrier in a land vehicle. The attempt was surrounded by controversy and the speed was never officially recorded. Barrett also raced in 19 Winston Cup Series races between 1980 and 1990, posting two top ten finishes.

Land speed record

In an effort led by Hal Needham, another Hollywood stuntman, and sponsored by Budweiser, the Budweiser Rocket was built with the intention of being the first land vehicle to break the sound barrier. The 3-wheeler was powered by a hybrid liquid and solid-fuel rocket engine. The solid fuel booster engine came from a Sidewinder missile.

At Rogers Dry Lake on Edwards Air Force Base, the vehicle, driven by Barrett, made on December 17, 1979, an attempt to break the sound barrier. The claimed speed of 739.666 mph, equalling Mach 1.01, was never officially recorded.

NASCAR
The publicity gained from the attempt took Barrett to NASCAR. Between his movie commitments, Barrett found time to race in 19 Winston Cup Series races during the 1980s. Barrett posted two top ten finishes, running his last race in 1990. In 1999, Barrett was scheduled to run three Craftsman Truck Series races for PBH Motorsports, who had planned to field a Cup team for his son Stanton Barrett. Stan was scheduled to run at Heartland Park Topeka Watkins Glen International and Sears Point Raceway.

In 2008, at age 65, he made a surprising return to stock car racing. His son Stanton, running Chevrolets in the second tier Nationwide Series, invited Stan to run beside him in the SBM Motorsports team. After an abortive attempt at Mexico City, Stan later qualified for the Montreal and WGI races. He was forced to retire in both of them.

Stuntman career
He has worked as a stuntman since the 1960s in motion pictures and television series. He has been stunt doubling and stunt coordinating for many of Hollywood actors in films such as When Time Ran Out... and Smokey and the Bandit. He also appeared in the 1980 TV movie Stunts Unlimited about stunt performers.

Family
His son David Barrett is a prolific  Hollywood director and stunt coordinator/director. Son Stanton Barrett is also a Hollywood stuntman, and also a racing driver. He is the godson of Paul Newman, and the grandson of Dave McCoy and Roma McCoy, the founders of Mammoth Mountain Ski Area.

Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

Winston Cup Series

Daytona 500

Nationwide Series

Television

References

External links

 Stanton Barrett Hires His Dad Stan Barrett to Drive This Weekend
 Barrett's Father Won't Qualify in Mexico City

1943 births
American stunt performers
Land speed record people
Living people
NASCAR drivers
Hendrick Motorsports drivers


Pietro Lanfranchi (born 7 November 1978) from Bergamo is an Italian ski mountaineer. He is member of the Lame Perrel GSA Ranica and the national ski mountaineering team.

Selected results
 2007:
 3rd: Gara del Pizzo Scalino (together with Marco Majori)
 2008:
 1st, Pila Race (together with Daniele Pedrini)
 1st, Gara Scialpinistica "Pizzo Tre Signori" (together with Daniele Pedrini)
 2nd, Trofeo Angelo Gherardi
 2nd, Trofeo Parravicini
 2009:
 1st, Sci Alpinistica dell'Adamello
 2nd, Trofeo Besimauda
 3rd, Transclautana
 8th, European Championship team race (together with Daniele Pedrini)
 2010:
 5th, World Championship team race (together with Daniele Pedrini)
 2011:
 4th, World Championship team race (together with Damiano Lenzi)
 7th, World Championship vertical race
 9th, World Championship vertical, total ranking
 2012:
 5th, European Championship vertical race
 2nd, Sellaronda Skimarathon (together with Florent Troillet)

Pierra Menta

 2008: 10th, together with Daniele Pedrini
 2009: 8th, together with Daniele Pedrini
 2010: 6th, together with Daniele Pedrini
 2011: 8th, together with Marc Pinsach Rubirola
 2012: 3rd, together with William Bon Mardion

Trofeo Mezzalama

 2009: 4th, together with Graziano Boscacci and Ivan Murada
 2011: 2nd, together with Daniele Pedrini and Alain Seletto

Patrouille des Glaciers

 2010: 2nd, together with Matteo Eydallin and Manfred Reichegger

External links
 Pietro Lanfranchi at skimountaineering.org
 Photo

References

1978 births
Living people
Italian male ski mountaineers
Sportspeople from Bergamo
Skiers from Lombardy


Angelo Zottoli (1826–1902) was an Italian Catholic priest and missionary in China and a sinologist.

Biography
Zottoli was born in Acerno on June 21, 1826 and, after joining the Jesuits in 1843, went as a missionary to China in 1848. From 1853 he taught, and was headmaster, in St. Ignatius College for Chinese Christian students founded in 1849.

He was known for his sinological works, and was an important leader in the Shanghai Catholic community of Zikawei, encouraging figures such as Ma Xiangbo to carefully study the Chinese and Western classics.

Sinology
Zottoli produced a Latin textbook of Chinese Language Cursus litterature Sinicae neo-missionariis accommodatus in five volumes in octavo. He also produced Latin translations of some classic works of Chinese literature (Confucius), a Chinese-Latin dictionary, and many theological texts in Chinese.

In 1884 he was awarded the Prix Stanislas Julien by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres of Paris for his Cursus litteraturae Sinicae neo-missionariis accommodatus.

References

1826 births
1902 deaths
19th-century Italian Jesuits
Italian sinologists
Italian lexicographers
Italian Latinists
Italian translators
Italian male non-fiction writers
Italian Roman Catholic missionaries
Italian emigrants to China
Jesuit missionaries in China
19th-century translators
19th-century Italian male writers
Translators to Latin
Translators from Chinese
Missionary linguists
19th-century writers in Latin
Latin-language writers from Italy
19th-century lexicographers


"Lady Killer" is the fifth single from Canadian/Jamaican singer Kreesha Turner's debut studio album Passion. The single remained in the Canadian Hot 100 for thirteen consecutive weeks in the year of 2008.

Music video
The music video for 'Lady Killer' was shot early spring 2009, in Havana, Cuba. It was uploaded to Kreesha's official YouTube channel on May 4, 2009. Directed by Aaron A, the video features Kreesha walking around balcony's in Havana, and at a club with heavy, dark make-up.

Charts

References

2008 singles
Kreesha Turner songs
Music videos directed by Aaron A
2007 songs
Songs written by Jon Levine
EMI Records singles
Songs written by Kreesha Turner


Offshore Helicopter Services (OHS) (known as Bond Offshore Helicopters until April 2016) is a British helicopter operator, specialising in providing offshore helicopter transportation services to North Sea and Irish Sea oil and gas platforms.

CHC operates a mixed fleet of helicopters on behalf of more than 10 major customers.  Annually they transport around 200,000 men and women to and from offshore oil and gas platforms from bases at Aberdeen, Norwich and Sumburgh airports. Babcock also operates two specialist Search and Rescue (SAR) aircraft to support the Oil and Gas industry. These two AW139 helicopters are based at Aberdeen airport and equipped with specialist search and rescue equipment and provide 24-hour SAR coverage for the central North Sea.

Bond Offshore Helicopters became a Babcock International Group company when Babcock acquired the Avincis group in May 2014. In September 2021, Babcock sold its oil and gas aviation business to CHC Group.

History
David Bond (1920–1977), founder of the Bond company, was a wartime Lancaster pilot (90 Squadron) who set up his own company in 1946 and flew Austers, Lancastrians and Halifaxes for air taxis and charter work. He switched to helicopters in 1953 and was involved in crop-spraying in Jamaica and Honduras, surveying in Algeria, and flying for Marley Tiles before launching the company which was to become Bond Aviation.

1960s–1970s
David Bond founded Management Aviation, in 1961 to operate Hiller 12E helicopters near Cambridge for commercial services (mostly crop spraying) in the UK. By 1972 the company had entered the North Sea market, and introduced the world's first light twin-engined helicopter, Bolkow 105, in support of North Sea and Lighthouse Operations. These were supplemented by Aérospatiale SA 365 Dauphin 2 flying from Bacton and Theddlethorpe. Additional operational bases at Kirmington and ex-RAF Strubby began in 1975.

In 1977, Steven Bond, son of David, became managing director for the Bond company when David died and by 1979 the Bond company expanded their North Sea market with medium and heavy category S-58T and S-61N helicopters.

1980s–2000
Management Aviation provided services to Eon Productions for the films For Your Eyes Only and Octopussy, leading to scenes where actor Walter Gotell as KGB General Gogol was being flown by pilot (Geoff) Bond.

Management Aviation were rebranded as Bond Helicopters in 1984.

In 1987, Bond launched the UK's first dedicated air ambulance for Cornwall Air Ambulance Service and by 1991 Bond Helicopters was one of the largest helicopter companies in the UK. Bond Air Services then formed as a division of Bond Helicopters in the same year to manage expansion of light twin market for clients (such as air ambulance services and light houses) and by 1993 Bond had expanded internationally, acquiring Lloyd Helicopters, Australia and South East Asia's largest helicopter operator, which created an overall fleet of 107 helicopters.

By 1994, Bond Group had merged with Norway's Helikopter Service to form the Helicopter Services Group, the world's largest commercial helicopter offshore operating group, with a fleet of over 350 twin engine helicopters.

In 1999, CHC Helicopter purchased the Helicopter Services Group, Stephen and Peter Bond (sons of founder David Bond) then acquired Bond Air Services division, (non oil & gas operations), from Helicopter Services Group.

2001–2021
In 2001, Bond HQ moved from Aberdeen, Scotland to custom-built facilities at Gloucestershire Airport, however, its main operational base remained in Aberdeen.

In 2004, Bond Aviation Group re-entered the offshore oil & gas support market, forming 'Bond Offshore Helicopters', and established an operating base, including Hangarage and passenger terminal facilities, on the east side of Aberdeen airport.

Bond Air Services started the UK's first wind farm support contract using a winch-equipped EC135T2i from a new base at Lowestoft in 2010.

In 2011, Bond Air Services were acquired by World Helicopter Group, a holding company for investment firms Grupo Inaer, Investindustrial and KKR & Co (formerly Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co) making their combined fleet to 360.

On 12 February 2013, Avincis Group took delivery of two Sikorsky S-92s out of the sixteen which had been ordered by company. The helicopters were delivered to Bond Offshore Helicopters' Aberdeen Airport base.

In March 2014, Bond Offshore took delivery of a new S-92. The aircraft arrived at Prestwick Airport inside an Antonov transporter aircraft.

On 25 April 2016, Bond was renamed Babcock Mission Critical Services Offshore.

In September 2021, Babcock completed the sale of its oil and gas aviation business to CHC Group.

Offices
Mission Critical Services Offshore is based in Aberdeen, Scotland with additional operations located in Blackpool, Norwich and Sumburgh. The company opened a new terminal – Terminal 2 – in Aberdeen in 2014, initially serving Nexen passengers. In 2015, the company opened a major new hangar at Aberdeen airport to accommodate its fleet. The  hangar at the east side of the airport is used as both a maintenance and storage facility for S-92, H175, AW139 and AS365N3 helicopters.
In May 2017, licensed engineering staff at Mission Critical Services voted for their union Prospect to be recognised for collective bargaining.

Search and rescue
Mission Critical Services also has two search and rescue (SAR) aircraft that provide emergency support to offshore oil drilling operations. These AW139 aircraft are configured with specialist equipment including infrared cameras, loudhailers, searchlights and communication equipment. They are both based in Aberdeen from where with one as the lead and the other as the back-up they service the Central North Sea under a £60million five-year contract with Oil & Gas UK and 18 oil and gas companies.

Fleet

Accidents and incidents
 18 February 2009 – G-REDU, an EC225 LP. During a night visual approach to the Eastern Trough Area Project platform, the helicopter descended and impacted the surface of the sea. The crew's perception of the position and orientation of the helicopter relative to the platform during the final approach was erroneous.  All 18 people on board survived the controlled flight into terrain (water).
 1 April 2009 – G-REDL, a Eurocopter AS332 L2 Super Puma Mk 2, returning from the Miller oilfield went down in the North Sea, 40 miles northeast of Aberdeen, killing all sixteen on board. Preliminary cause was attributed to a catastrophic failure in the main gearbox.
 10 May 2012 – G-REDW, a Bond Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma, travelling to the Conocophillips operated Joanne and Judy fields made a controlled ditching into the North Sea following a radio report of a low oil pressure light. All 14 people were rescued from the helicopter liferaft, 9 were airlifted to Aberdeen Royal Infirmary while the remaining five were brought to Aberdeen by lifeboat. On 15 June 2012 helicopter manufacturer Eurocopter cleared Bond Offshore Helicopters of any blame for the ditching of G-REDW. On 17 October 2012 AAIB concluded in their S5/2012 report that a faulty design of the Emergency Lubrication System was the most likely cause of the warnings that led to the ditching of G-REDW and recommended "Eurocopter to review the design of the main gearbox emergency lubrication system on the EC225 LP Super Puma to ensure that the system will provide the crew with an accurate indication of its status when activated".

See also
Babcock Mission Critical Services Onshore

References

External links
CHC
Bond Aviation Group History
Bond Aviation Group on Flickr
Setting the Standard, by Vertical Magazine

Airlines of the United Kingdom
Helicopter airlines


KTIX (1240 AM, "103.1 The Outlaw") is a radio station licensed to serve Pendleton, Oregon, United States.  The station, which began broadcasting as KWRC in May 1941, is currently owned by Randolph and Debra McKone's Elkhorn Media Group and the broadcast license is held by EMG2, LLC.

Programming
KTIX previously broadcast a 24-hour sports radio format as an affiliate of ESPN Radio from October 2002 through at least early 2018. The station has since switched affiliation to Fox Sports Radio. In addition to its usual sports talk programming, KTIX broadcasts Major League Baseball games as an affiliate of the Seattle Mariners Radio Network, National Basketball Association games as a member of the Portland Trail Blazers radio network, National Football League games as a member of the Seattle Seahawks radio network, and Oregon Ducks football as a member of the Oregon Sports Network.  KTIX also airs high school football games and other select sporting events featuring the Pendleton High School Buckaroos.

Facilities
KTIX shares a studio building with sister stations KUMA (1290 AM), KUMA-FM (107.7 FM), and KWHT (103.5 FM).  This multi-station facility, located at the west end of Eastern Oregon Regional Airport, is also close to KTIX's new tower site.  The original tower, located on South Hill, served KTIX from 1941 to 2002.  That original tower was later re-erected east of Pendleton on Cabbage Hill for use by co-owned KUMA-FM.

History

The beginning
This station began regular broadcast operations in May 1941 with 250 watts of power on 1240 kHz as KWRC under the ownership of the Western Radio Corporation.  KWRC was run by general manager V.P. Kenworthy who owned the Western Radio Corporation as part of the Kenworthy Stations Group. V.P. Kenworthy would continue to own and operate KWRC until December 23, 1958, when the station was sold to WSC Broadcasting Company of Oregon, Inc.

The KKID years
The new owners had the station's call letters changed to KKID in 1959 and by early 1961 had been authorized by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to increase its daytime signal strength to 1,000 watts while nighttime power remained at 250 watts.  On July 15, 1961, ownership of KKID passed from WSC Broadcasting Company of Oregon, Inc., to Roderick Sound, Inc.

The KTIX era
The callsign was changed again in 1964, this time to the current KTIX. Eastern Oregon Broadcasters, Inc., acquired KTIX on August 1, 1967, and flipped the station to a contemporary music format. As a part of the Capps Broadcasting Group, this music format would endure on KTIX through the entire 1970s.  The station applied to the FCC to change the name of its licensee to Capps Broadcasting Group, Inc., to reflect the station's true ownership and this change was approved by the FCC on March 28, 1979.

Just after switching back to a country music format in January 1980, Capps Broadcasting Group, Inc., reached an agreement to sell this station to AgPal Broadcasting, Inc.  AgPal Broadcasting was owned by Pendleton residents Cheryl and Jim McAnally plus Andy and JoAnn Harle.  The deal was approved by the FCC on May 15, 1981.

The present
In September 1997, AgPal Broadcasting, Inc., reached an agreement to sell this station back to Capps Broadcast Group through its KSRV, Inc., subsidiary.  The deal was approved by the FCC on May 14, 1998, and the transaction was consummated on August 27, 1998.

Effective November 1, 2017, Capps Broadcast Group sold KTIX and nine other broadcast properties to Elkhorn Media Group for $1.75 million.

Former on-air staff
Dave Donahue, a 2000 inductee into the Country Music DJ and Radio Hall of Fame, got his first experience as a disc jockey in a country music format when he joined the KTIX airstaff in 1960.
Terry Herd, host of the nationally syndicated Into the Blue and a four-time (1998, 2002, 2003, & 2004) winner of Broadcaster of the Year Award from the International Bluegrass Music Association, started his bluegrass radio program in May 1992 on KUMA then KTIX before going national.

Previous logo

References

External links
KTIX official website

TIX
Radio stations established in 1941
Umatilla County, Oregon
1941 establishments in Oregon


Daniele Pedrini (born October 29, 1976) is an Italian ski mountaineer.

Pedrini was born in Bormio. He is member of the Sci Club Alta Valtellina.

Selected results
 2006:
 2nd, Trofeo Parravicini (together with Guido Giacomelli)
 3rd, Adamello Ski Raid (together with Guido Giacomelli and Graziano Boscacci and Ivan Murada)
 2007:
 1st: Gara del Pizzo Scalino (together with Graziano Boscacci)
 2nd, Sellaronda Skimarathon (together with Mirco Mezzanotte)
 2008:
 1st, Pila Race (together with Pietro Lanfranchi)
 1st, Gara Scialpinistica "Pizzo Tre Signori" (together with Pietro Lanfranchi)
 2009:
 2nd, Trofeo Besimauda
 2nd, Transclautana
 8th, European Championship team race (together with Pietro Lanfranchi)
 2010:
 5th, World Championship team race (together with Pietro Lanfranchi)
 2nd, Sellaronda Skimarathon (together with Graziano Boscacci)

Pierra Menta

 2007: 8th, together with Ivan Murada
 2008: 10th, together with Pietro Lanfranchi
 2009: 8th, together with Pietro Lanfranchi
 2010: 6th, together with Pietro Lanfranchi

Trofeo Mezzalama

 2007: 6th, together with Lorenzo Holzknecht and Mattia Coletti
 2009: 2nd, together with Jean Pellissier and Damiano Lenzi
 2011: 2nd, together with Pietro Lanfranchi and Alain Seletto

References

External links
 Daniele Pedrini at skimountaineering.org

1976 births
Living people
Italian male ski mountaineers
People from Sondrio
Sportspeople from the Province of Sondrio
Skiers from Lombardy


Hatchcock's sign is a clinical sign in which upward pressure on the angle of the mandible causes pain due to parotitis in mumps, but no pain in adenitis.

References

Medical signs


Horst Janson may refer to:

H. W. Janson (1913–1982), American scholar of art history
Horst Janson (actor) (born 1935), German actor


Michaels, Stern, and Co. was a Rochester-based manufacturer of men's tailored suits and apparel.  The company was founded in 1849 by Henry Michaels (1822–1894).  After several name changes and changes in partnership, the company became known as Michaels-Stern & Co. when Henry Michael's son-in-law Morley A. Stern joined as a partner in 1877.  The company was liquidated in 1977.

The company was one of several Rochester-based men's clothing companies.  Some of the other companies included Fashion Park, Inc, Superba Cravats, and Hickey Freeman.  Today, only Hickey Freeman remains of the original Rochester-based men's clothing companies, although Hickey Freeman is now owned by Grano Retail Investments Inc

In 1893, a seven-story company building was erected.  Beginning around 1984, while under bankruptcy protection, the Michaels–Stern Building was rented to tenants, including "artists, photographers, rock groups, dance studios, fencing and karate clubs".  The Lofts at Michaels/Stern are currently rented as residential apartments.

References

Clothing manufacturers
Companies based in Rochester, New York
Companies established in 1849


Voom HD was a television channel providing high-definition programming from various genres. The network was available in 35 countries in Europe and Asia.

Programming was taken from the various stations owned by Voom HD Networks in the United States and includes Full Frontal Fashion, Earth Diaries and Gamespotting.

A deal between Rainbow Networks and the Stockholm-based company NonStop Television was made in 2006 that allowed NonStop to distribute the channel in Scandinavia, Finland, Iceland and the Baltic states. The channel was launched in Sweden by satellite distributor Canal Digital on November 1. This was soon followed by launched in Denmark, Norway, Finland, Estonia and Latvia on various providers. The channel was managed by Scandinavian television broadcaster NonStop Television, part of Turner Broadcasting.

In much of the rest of Europe, Africa, the Middle East and parts of Asia the channel was represented by Zonemedia. In April 2007, they launched the channel in the Arab World via the Orbit platform.

Voom HD closed down in Europe on August 31, 2009. In many countries it was replaced by Rush HD. This was the case on the Canal Digital platform, UPC Austria and in the Czech Republic.

References

Direct broadcast satellite services
Television stations in Denmark
Television channels and stations established in 2006
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2009


The Folkert Mound Group of Hardin County, Iowa is a collection of 27 prehistoric mounds on the bluffs above the Iowa River, in a variety of shapes, including linear, compound, conical, and an enigmatic cruciform mound. The earliest map of the mounds was made by John Hotopp in 1974, and the mound group was mapped in detail in 2006.
The alignment of the cruciform mound is especially interesting to researchers. Horton felt the cruciform mound aligned with the 11th century Crab Nebula supernova. However Lensink felt there was little evidence of this possible alignment. An apparent alignment of the largest conical mound, A, in the south with the end peaks of the cruciform mound, X, and an alignment between Mound X and the end of longest mound, T, has been postulated, but the meaning of these alignments is unknown.

References

Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Archaeological sites in Iowa
National Register of Historic Places in Hardin County, Iowa


Pescara Cathedral (, Cattedrale di San Cetteo Vescovo e Martire) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the Via D'Annunzio in the city of Pescara. The cathedral, dedicated to Saint Cetteus, patron saint of Pescara, has been the seat of the Archbishop of Pescara-Penne since the creation of the archdiocese in 1982. The present Romanesque Revival building, originally called the Tempio della Conciliazione ("Temple of Conciliation"), was constructed in the 1930s, replacing the medieval church of San Cetteo.

History
The construction of the present church was linked with the wave of intensive building activity that accompanied the creation of the city and province of Pescara in 1927. The medieval church of St. Cetteus () that formerly stood on the site had fallen into such disrepair that it was demolished (a few traces of the old building can be seen on the pavement opposite). The construction of the new church was vigorously promoted by the writer Gabriele D'Annunzio, who had been baptised in the demolished church, and who was a generous donor to the project. D'Annunzio, one of whose principal concerns was to build a suitable tomb for his mother, commissioned the architect Cesare Bazzani. Work lasted from 1933 to 1938 or 1939. The façade had to be reconstructed after World War II as a result of war damages.

The original name of the new building, the Tempio della Conciliazione ("Temple of Conciliation"), is connected to the Lateran Pacts of 1929, marking the agreements made between the Italian Fascist government and the Vatican.

It was declared the cathedral of the former Diocese of Penne e Pescara in 1949 on the creation of the diocese, and when the diocese was elevated to an archdiocese in 1982, became the seat of the new Archbishop of Pescara-Penne.

Exterior
Although the church is a modern build, it is clearly influenced by the architectural tradition of Abruzzo, above all Romanesque architecture, and particularly follows the style of the 11th-century Church of Santa Gerusalemme in Pescara. Typical of this and of the region is the severely rectangular façade decorated with rose windows (, ) a choice made jointly by D'Annunzio and the architect.
The round-arched portals reflect the internal sub-division into three aisles, indicated on the outside by lesenes (applied strips). Adjoining the west front to the north, the campanile consists of an octagonal upper storey on a square base, while to the south is a small baptistry.

Interior
In form this is a basilica with three aisles, as mentioned, separated by arcades of marble columns. The church has extremely good natural light. The choir ends in an apse.
The church also has a transept. In one arm is a chapel dedicated to Saint Cetteus. In the other is the tomb of d'Annunzio's mother, Luisa De Benedictis, to which the sculptor Arrigo Minerbi contributed the funeral monument, consisting of an arch on which lies the figure of a young woman asleep.

The interior of the church houses various statues of saints and also Saint Francis Adoring a Crucifix, a  painting  attributed to Guercino and donated to the new building by D'Annunzio.

The church organ is one of the best in Abruzzo.

See also
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pescara-Penne

References

External links
 Archdiocesan website: Pescara Cathedral

Roman Catholic churches completed in 1939
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Churches in the province of Pescara
Pescara
Pescara
Romanesque Revival church buildings in Italy
Pescara


Genetic monitoring is the use of molecular markers to (i) identify individuals, species or populations, or (ii) to quantify changes in population genetic metrics (such as effective population size, genetic diversity and population size) over time. Genetic monitoring can thus be used to detect changes in species abundance and/or diversity, and has become an important tool in both conservation and livestock management. The types of molecular markers used to monitor populations are most commonly mitochondrial, microsatellites or single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), while earlier studies also used allozyme data. Species gene diversity is also recognized as an important biodiversity metric for implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Types
Types of population changes that can be detected by genetic monitoring include population growth and decline, spread of pathogens, adaptation to environmental change, hybridization, introgression and habitat fragmentation events. Most of these changes are monitored using ‘neutral’ genetic markers (markers for which mutational changes do not change their adaptive fitness within a population). However markers showing adaptive responses to environmental change can be ‘non-neutral’ (e.g. mutational changes affect their relative fitness within a population).

Two broad categories of genetic monitoring have been defined: Category I encompasses the use of genetic markers as identifiers of individuals (Category Ia), populations and species (Category Ib) for traditional population monitoring. Category II represents the use of genetic markers to monitor changes of population genetic parameters, which include estimators of effective population size (Ne), genetic variation, population inter-mixing, structure and migration.

Examples

Estimating abundance and life history parameters – Category Ia
At the individual level, genetic identification can enable estimation of population abundance and population increase rates within the framework of mark-recapture models. The abundance of cryptic or elusive species that are difficult to monitor can be estimated by collecting non-invasive biological samples in the field (e.g. feathers, scat or fur) and using these to identify individuals through microsatellite or single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. This census of individuals can then be used to estimate population abundance via mark-recapture analysis. For example, this technique has been used to monitor populations of grizzly bear, brush-tailed rock-wallaby, Bengal tiger and snow leopard. Population growth rates are a product of rates of population recruitment and survival, and can be estimated through open mark-recapture models. For example, DNA from feathers shed by the eastern imperial eagle shows lower cumulative survival over time than seen for other long-lived raptors.

Identifying species – Category Ib
Use of molecular genetic techniques to identify species can be useful for a number of reasons. Species identification in the wild can be used to detect changes in population ranges or site occupancy, rates of hybridization and the emergence and spread of pathogens and invasive species. Changes in population ranges have been investigated for Iberian lynx and wolverine, while monitoring of westslope cutthroat trout shows widespread ongoing hybridization with introduced rainbow trout (see cutbow) and Canada lynx-bobcat hybrids have been detected at the southern periphery of the current population range for lynx. The emergence and spread of pathogens can be tracked using diagnostic molecular assays – for example, identifying the spread of West Nile virus among mosquitoes in the eastern US to identify likely geographical origins of infection and identifying gene loci associated with parasite susceptibility in bighorn sheep. Genetic monitoring of invasive species is of conservation and economic interest, as invasions often affect the ecology and range of native species and may also bring risks of hybridization (e.g. for copepods, ducks, barred owl and spotted owl, and Lessepsian rabbitfish).

Species identification is also of considerable utility in monitoring fisheries and wildlife trade, where conventional visual identification of butchered or flensed products is difficult or impossible.  Monitoring of trade and consumption of species of conservation interest can be carried out using molecular amplification and identification of meat or fish obtained from markets.  For example, genetic market surveys have been used to identify protected species and populations of whale (e.g., North Pacific minke whale) and dolphin species appearing in the marketplace. Other surveys of market trade have focused on pinnipeds, sea horses and sharks. Such surveys are used to provide ongoing monitoring of the quantity and movement of fisheries and wildlife products through markets and for detecting poaching or other illegal, unreported or unregulated (IUU) exploitation  (e.g. IUU fishing).

Although initial applications focused on species identification and population assessments, market surveys also provide the opportunity for a range of molecular ecology investigations including capture-recapture, assignment tests and population modeling. These developments are potentially relevant to genetic monitoring Category II.

Monitoring population genetic parameters – Category II
Monitoring of population changes through genetic means can be done retrospectively, through analysis of 'historical' DNA recovered from museum-archived species and comparison with contemporary DNA of that species. It can also be used as a tool for evaluating ongoing changes in the status and persistence of current populations.  Genetic measures of relative population change include changes in diversity (e.g. heterozygosity and allelic richness). Monitoring of relative population changes through these metrics has been performed retrospectively for Beringian bison, Galapagos tortoise, houting, Atlantic salmon, northern pike, New Zealand snapper, steelhead trout, greater prairie chicken, Mauritius kestrel and Hector's dolphin and is the subject of many ongoing studies, including Danish and Swedish brown trout populations. Measuring absolute population changes (e.g. effective population size (Ne)) can be carried out by measuring changes in population allele frequencies (‘Ftemporal’) or levels of linkage disequilibrium over time (‘LDNe’), while changing patterns of gene flow between populations can also be monitored by estimating differences in allele frequencies between populations over time.  Subjects of such studies include grizzly bears, cod, red deer, Leopard frogs and Barrel Medic.

Genetic monitoring has also been increasingly used in studies that monitor environmental changes through changes in the frequency of adaptively selected markers. For example, the genetically controlled photo-periodic response (hibernating time) of pitcher-plant mosquitos (Wyeomyia smithii) has shifted in response to longer growing seasons for pitcher plants brought on by warmer weather. Experimental wheat populations grown in contrasting environments over a period of 12 generations found that changes in flowering time were closely correlated with regulatory changes in one gene, suggesting a pathway for genetic adaptation to changing climate in plants.

Genetic monitoring is also useful in monitoring the ongoing health of small, relocated populations. Good examples of this are found for New Zealand birds, many species of which were greatly impacted by habitat destruction and the appearance of numerous mammalian predators in the last century and have recently become part of relocation programs that transfer a few ‘founder’ individuals to predator-free offshore “ecological” islands. E.g. black robin, and kakapo.

Status of genetic monitoring in science
In February 2007 an international summit was held at the Institute of the Environment at UCLA, concerning ‘Evolutionary Change in Human Altered Environments: An International Summit to translate Science into Policy’. This led to a special issue of the journal of Molecular Ecology organized around our understanding of genetic effects in three main categories: (i) habitat disturbance and climate change (ii) exploitation and captive breeding (iii) invasive species and pathogens.

In 2007 a Working Group on Genetic Monitoring was launched with joint support from NCEAS and NESCent to further develop the techniques involved and provide general monitoring guidance for policy makers and managers.

Currently the topic is covered in several well known text books, including McComb et al. (2010) and Allendorf et al. (2013)

Genetic monitoring in natural resource agencies
Many natural resource agencies see genetic monitoring as a cost-effective and defensible way to monitor fish and wildlife populations.  As such scientists in the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service, and National Marine Fisheries Service have been developing new methods and tools to use genetic monitoring, and applying such tools across broad geographic scales.  Currently the USFWS hosts a website that informs managers as to the best way to use genetic tools for monitoring (see below).

See also
 Ecological genetics
 Molecular genetics
 Conservation genetics
 Landscape genetics

References

External links
 Genetic Monitoring For Managers
 Science Centric Report of Grizzly Bear study in northwest Montana
 New Scientist Article – Snow leopard numbers can be read in their scat
 Animals' scat is scientist's treasure: Advances in DNA testing let wildlife biologists study creatures using what they leave behind
 Post Gazette News: Aviary researcher finds Eagles need a closer look
 New Scientist- Hidden Populations give Lynx a fighting chance
 SFGate: It's True – wolverine is thriving near Tahoe
 Associated Press: Protected Trout is breeding itself into Extinction
 Adapting to a warmer climate: the purple pitcher plant mosquito

Population genetics
Conservation biology


G20 protests may refer to:
 2009 G20 London summit protests
 2010 G20 Toronto summit protests
 2017 G20 Hamburg summit protests


Johann Hoffmann (28 March 1857 – 1 November 1919) was a German neurologist born in Hahnheim.

He is remembered for describing Hoffmann's reflex and Werdnig–Hoffmann disease (now spinal muscular atrophy type 1). He is also known for the adult-onset hypothyroid myopathy, Hoffmann syndrome. He was educated at Worms and studied medicine at Heidelberg. He worked under Professor Wilhelm Erb, and succeeded him as head of neurology at Heidelberg.

Hoffmann died in Heidelberg.

References

1857 births
1919 deaths
People from Mainz-Bingen
People from Rhenish Hesse
German neurologists
Heidelberg University alumni
Academic staff of Heidelberg University
Spinal muscular atrophy


"" () is a song performed by Mexican singer Paulina Rubio.  The song was recorded for her ninth studio album Gran City Pop, and was released as the lead single on March 26, 2009. Causa y Efecto became a hit reaching number 1 in the U.S. Billboard Hot Latin Songs and Hot Latin Airplays. Causa y Efecto was produced by Cachorro López and written by Mario Domm and Mónica Vélez. "Causa y Efecto" is Rubio's first number one single in the Billboard Hot Latin Songs since Ni Una Sola Palabra in 2006.  "Causa y Efecto" was awarded "Song of the year pop/ballad" by ASCAP.

Background and release
Paulina Rubio began working on her ninth studio album on January, 2008. Frontman of Latin pop group Camila and music producer Mario Domm, annunced on late 2008 he wrote a couple of songs for the singer's new album named "Cielo de Papel" and "Causa y Efecto". At Rubio's request, Domm managed to write an "aggressive" song with Mónica Vélez. and he defined it as: "how the woman tells the man that if she no longer loves him it is simply because he asked for it." Finally, Rubio chose "Causa y Efecto" as one of the ten songs to be included on her ninth studio album, and as its lead single. Domm wrote other song for Gran City Pop, "Escaleras de Arena", a song that talks about "a relationship that ends" and the "disappointment of love". The song was produced by Latin Grammy Award-winning Argentine Cachorro López, who along with Rubio was the executive producer of the album.

"Causa y Efecto" on contemporary hit radio in the United States on March 30, 2009, and it was released worldwide one day later. Rubio performed the song at the Wal-Mart Shareholders' Meeting, singing a "spanglish" version of the song. She performed parts of the Spanish version and others of an unreleased English version. An English version of the song was released on a remix of the song, the George Figares Radio Mix.

Critical reception
"Causa Y Efecto" was acclaimed by music critics and audience alike. Spanish website Jenesaispop calling it a "guilty pleasure", and compared with Fangoria works.

Chart performance
In the United States, "Causa Y Efecto" entered at number forty on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs. Ten weeks later, on June 27, 2009, it peaked at number one, leaps 10–1, and with 14 millions of audience. It was the major biggest jump by a female artist on the chart since Jennifer Lopez's "Qué Hiciste" in 2007, that leaps 12–1. It was Rubio's fourth number-one single on the chart of her career. The song spent five weeks atop, and twenty-four weeks inside on the chart. Also, "Causa y Efecto" become longest consecutive running number-one single of the 2009 on the Hot Latin Songs. On the Latin Pop Airplay, it debuted at twenty-two and peaked at number-one in the same week, staying atop for eight consecutive weeks, and thirty weeks inside on the chart; while on the Hot 100 Airplay reached the number seventy-three, and reached number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100.

In Spain, the single debuted at #43, and has peaked at #7 based on downloads alone. On May 9, 2009, Causa y Efecto entered at the Spanish Airplay Chart at #7 as the highest debut of that week, and peaked at #1 for three consecutive weeks.

Music video

The music video for "Causa y Efecto" was directed by the Austrian director Rudi Dolezal and the cinematographic photography by Karsten "Crash" Gopinath. The video was filmed 5–6 April 2009 in Miami, Florida at M3 Studios. The video premiered worldwide on May 7, on the channel MTV Tres.

The official video begins with Rubio leaning on the back of her boyfriend (played by model Buddy Krueger), whom she suspects is unfaithful to her. Rubio and her love interest's pose in the clip is similar to the shot by fashion photographer Mert Alas and Marcus Piggott, who were photographed British supermodel Kate Moss and British actor Jamie Dornan for the 2006 Calvin Klein Jeans campaign. In the same sequence, a Newton's pendulum is observed, which refers to the lyrics of the song. She is then seen her bedazzled face, made up to look like a human mirrorball. Then, she appears on a stage wearing a blue one-sleeved blue sequined mini dress by Balmain, with her musicians vocalizing the song. Throughout the video, there are interspersed of different scenes, including a skating hal and darts. There are also scenes of Rubio playing her electric guitar wearing a purple mini dress— the same dress of Gran City Pop cover artwork —while stocking in front of a curtain with her image. This is followed by a rock performance scene with her musicians in Miami City, where Rubio wears her characteristic sunglasses, her short-brimmed hat and her blonde hair blowing in the wind. The video ends with Rubio pointing to the horizon.

According to Rubio, "Causa Y Efecto" is a '80s-inspired video, "It's all about the performance, and the rock-and-roll [aspect], glam rock and the rhythm." In an interview with Terra, she said wanted to convey a "synergy with the band (her musicians), a little retro The Beatles vibe, and the interaction they had when the[British band] played." Similarity of the scenes and some elements used for the "Causa Y Efecto" music video is similar to "Heart Of Glass" by Blondie.

Alternative video
A "take two" of the music video was premiered on Universal Music Spain's official YouTube channel. The clip shares similar sequences and scenes to the official video, but instead of appearing with her male musicians at the bar and under the bridge in Miami, Rubio appears with a group of female musicians in a colorful white room that includes huge colorful transparent plates, and hippie symbolism. At the end of the video, she appears having fun with a group of children.

Remix
An official remix of the song was released on June 12. It features reggaeton duo Angel & Khriz.

Live performance
Rubio's first live performance of "Causa Y Efecto" was at the Latin Billboard Music Awards in Miami, Florida on April 23, 2009. For the performance she wore a minidress purple. The stage featured their musicians and choreography alongside students from a local high school, Rubio was one of the most expected artists of the night. She also performed the song in a private concert at the Gotham Hall in New York City on May 11 promoting Gran City Pop. The concert was presented by Univision Radio. On July 16, 2009, Rubio presented the song at the sixth edition of Premios Juventud. She was the first to appear on the show, performing it live. The set design simulated a giant chess set where the dancers were dressed in black and white. Rubio pretended to be a "queen" wearing a sequined mini-dress with a zig-zag stripe pattern, fuchsia fingerless gloves and a silver crown.

Track listing
CD Single
 "Causa y Efecto" [Album version] - 3:27

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications and sales

Release history

See also
List of number-one songs of 2009 (Mexico)
List of number-one Billboard Hot Latin Songs of 2009
List of top 20 songs of 2009 in Mexico

References

2009 singles
Monitor Latino Top General number-one singles
Paulina Rubio songs
Spanish-language songs
Songs written by Mario Domm
Song recordings produced by Cachorro López
Universal Music Latino singles
Songs written by Mónica Vélez
2009 songs


Afshin Feiz is an Iranian born, British photographer and ex fashion designer based in London. His collections have been featured at the Olympus Fashion Week and have appeared at London Fashion Week at least three times. He debuted his 2009 Spring/Summer collection at the Royal Academy.

Background

British designer Afshin Feiz moved to Paris originally to attend the avant-garde fashion school, Studio Berçot. He grew up all over the world, mostly in England where he attended Cranleigh School in Surrey, and then in Vancouver, BC, Canada. He studied French Literature at Reed College in Portland, Oregon in the United States before moving to Paris.
Feiz interned at Thierry Mugler and John Galliano after school before moving on to Christian Lacroix Haute Couture. Next came a year as Director of The Design Studio at Gilles Rosier, before ending up three years at Nina Ricci as the First Assistant Designer for the main line and Coordinator of all the Licences.

Feiz started showing immediately at New York Fashion Week for a few seasons before showing at London Fashion Week starting with his Spring 2008 Collection. His first season at Paris Couture Week was Spring 2010.
Collaborations have come in the form of his Spring/Summer 2005 Catalogue being shot by his friend, rockstar/photographer Bryan Adams, his Autumn/Winter 2005 Show Invitation being illustrated by Psychedelic Furs frontman Richard Butler, and a song being written and recorded for that same show by LA Music Producer (for Alanis Morissette, Elvis Costelloe and The Red Hot Chili Peppers), Jimmy Boyle. The Brand New Heavies performed at his Spring 2007 show in New York.
Very well received by the Press, Feiz's clothes are featured in Cosmopolitan, Harper's Bazaar, British Vogue, Teen Vogue and Paris Match among other magazines and have been worn by celebrities such as Katie Holmes, Elizabeth Hurley, Beyoncé, Julia Stiles, Paris Hilton and Girls Aloud.

References

External links

Living people
People educated at Cranleigh School
British fashion designers
Year of birth missing (living people)


Annamaria Baudena (born 1963) is an Italian ski mountaineer and long-distance runner. She also competes in bicycle races.

Selected results
 2001:
 1st, Dolomiti Cup team (together with Bice Bones)
 3rd, Transacavallo (together with Christiane Nex)
 9th, World Championship team race (together with Bice Bones)
 2004:
 3rd, World Championship relay race (together with Christiane Nex and Gloriana Pellissier)
 6th, World Championship vertical race
 2006:
 2nd, Kappa Marathon
 3rd, Ötzi Alpin Marathon relay race (together with Petra Dibiasi and Waltraud Untersteiner)

References

1963 births
Living people
Italian female ski mountaineers


Access to the Region's Core (ARC) was a proposed commuter-rail project to increase passenger service capacity on New Jersey Transit (NJT) between  Secaucus Junction in New Jersey and  Manhattan in New York City.  New infrastructure would have included new trackage, a new rail yard, and a tunnel under the Hudson River. A new station adjacent to New York Penn Station was to be constructed as running more trains into the current station was deemed unfeasible. An estimated budget for the project was $8.7 billion. Construction began in mid-2009 and the project was slated for completion in 2018, but it was cancelled in October 2010 by Chris Christie, the governor of New Jersey, who cited the possibility of cost overruns and the state's lack of funds. Six hundred million dollars had been spent on the project. The decision remains controversial.

The project was initiated after studies conducted in the 1990s determined that new rail tunnels under the Hudson River were the best approach to address transportation needs for the New York metropolitan area. At times called the Trans Hudson Express Tunnel, THE Tunnel or the Mass Transit Tunnel, it eventually became known by the name of a Major Investment Study, and received endorsements from both New Jersey and New York governors.

After its cancellation, the federal government demanded repayment of funding received by NJT for the project. The Christie administration engaged a law firm to present its arguments for non-payment, which were subsequently rejected by the Federal Transit Administration. An agreement was eventually reached in which part of the funds would be returned while other monies would be used on transit-related projects.

Soon after work was halted, there was speculation that the previously discussed idea of the New York City Transit Authority's 7 Subway Extension continuing into New Jersey would be revived, but was later scuttled. In February 2011, Amtrak announced the Gateway Project, a plan to build a right of way and new tunnels from Newark Penn Station to New York Penn Station, passing through Secaucus Junction, which would be shared with NJT trains.

Christie later directed PANYNJ funding toward New Jersey road projects. A March 2012 Government Accountability Office investigated the decision to cancel the project and provided comments that questioned Christie's rationale. Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance, Jr.  and Securities and Exchange Commission conducted investigations into possible misuse of PANYNJ funds towards projects involving roadways possibly not under the agency's purview, such as the Pulaski Skyway. Eventually $400,000 in fines were paid.

Overview

Infrastructure

The project would have more than doubled the number of trains from New Jersey to Midtown Manhattan, providing direct, one-seat service from most of New Jersey Transit's rail lines, as well as more frequent service to in-state destinations.
The improvement would have included the construction of two new rail tunnels under the Hudson River as a supplement to the North River Tunnels, which  operate at 100% capacity. The new tunnels would have connected to a six-track, state-of-the-art construction of a new station under 34th Street east of the existing Penn Station with pedestrian connections to the existing station and the Eighth, Seventh, Sixth Avenue, and Broadway lines of the New York City Subway. Also planned were a new rail loop near the Frank R. Lautenberg Secaucus Junction Station allowing Main Line/Bergen County Line and Pascack Valley Line trains direct service to Midtown, and a new mid-day rail storage yard in the Kearny Meadows. While the terminal station would have dead-ended trains, there was hope that it would one day be extended eastward depending on future funding.

Cost and funding

The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) projected the cost for ARC as $8.7 billion in their 2009 Annual Report on Funding Recommendations for the New Starts Program, which identified the funding for the project as follows.
 Federal New Starts = $3.0 billion
 Federal American Recovery & Reinvestment Act = $0.130 billion
 Federal Congestion Mitigation & Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) Program & Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) = $1.320 billion
 Port Authority of New York and New Jersey = $3.0 billion
 New Jersey Turnpike Authority = $1.250 billion

Projections rose to close to $11 billion by the time of the cancellation of New Jersey's funding of the project  It is estimated that $610 million has been spent on the project.  Before being terminated, the Port Authority had purchased, or otherwise acquired rights or leased land on Manhattan's West Side. About $250 million was spent on studies and design. Condemnation procedures initiated by the state for properties along the route in Hudson County were left pending at various stages after the cancellation.

Christie later directed that funding be directed to road projects. In March 2011 the PANYNJ agreed to redirect $1.8 billion earmarked for the project to repairs to road and bridges in Hudson County that it saw as part of the larger network of the distribution system in the Port of New York and New Jersey. In September 2011, the Turnpike Authority voted to spend the funds committed to the project on roads within the state.

Project history

Design
In 1995, the ARC project began with the initiation of the Access to the Region's Core Major Investment Study (MIS) in which an initial list of 137 alternatives was identified, including bus, light rail, subway, Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) rail, commuter rail, ferry, new technologies, and auto.  This Major Investment Study was completed in 2003, and recommended two alternatives for advancement into a Draft Environmental Impact Statement.  Alternative P would create new tracks and platforms under the existing Penn Station.  Alternative S would create a new rail link to existing Penn Station as well as new East River Tunnels to expanded rail storage facilities at Sunnyside Yard.  Alternative G would have provided a link to Grand Central Terminal, but that alternative was not recommended for further advancement.

The environmental review stage lasted from 2003 to 2009.  In June 2003, NJ Transit Board of Directors awarded a $4.9 million contract to Transit Link, a joint venture of Parsons Brinckerhoff and Systra Engineering, to produce a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for the project.

In the very early stages of the project, there were plans for track connections from the new tunnels to existing Penn Station, the Penn Station Connector, which would have provided NJ Transit and Amtrak with the operational flexibility to use either the existing rail tunnels or the new ARC tunnels. In order to achieve a less than two percent grade from the low point in the tunnel under the river to Penn Station, the Penn Station Connector would have to diverge from the new ARC tunnels somewhere under the Hudson River.  This would have required approval by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the United States Coast Guard to allow construction of a very large, expensive cofferdam mid-river. Regulatory approvals seemed unlikely; construction of the cofferdam would have disrupted the contaminated river bottom, which was previously declared a Superfund site and would have obstructed busy river shipping channels. In addition to Hudson River impacts, the Penn Station Connector would have required excavation of a wide trench across Manhattan's West Side.  Known as cut and cover tunneling construction, this wide trench would have displaced many businesses and residents and required unlikely support from the Hudson River Park Trust, Community Boards, and other stakeholder organizations.

After the initial engineering and expert peer review in 2006 and 2007, NJ Transit determined that moving the station deeper and using modern tunnel boring techniques was the only way to avoid environmental, community, and engineering concerns. The agency opted to construct an underground terminal, which later became a source of controversy.

Design and construction management contracts were awarded respectively to THE Partnership, a joint venture of Parsons Brinckerhoff, STV, and DMJM Harris/AECOM, and CM Consortium, a joint venture of Tishman, Parsons Corp. and ARUP, both in 2006.

In July 2006, the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) announced its decision to allow preliminary engineering to begin on the new trans-Hudson rail tunnel.  Supporters called the FTA's announcement a positive sign that the federal government eventually intended to commit funding to the project.  The FTA approved the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for the project in January 2007, and the Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) in March 2008.  The SDEIS identified and evaluated the environmental impacts of a deeper profile tunnel with no track connections to existing Penn Station.  These changes to the project scope were necessitated by a significant number of environmental, community, and engineering concerns regarding construction of the previous shallow tunnel and station.  The Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) was approved in October 2008.  In January 2009, the FTA issued the Record of Decision for the project and approved the start of final design.

Beginning of construction

The first construction contract was awarded to construct a new railroad underpass at Tonnelle Avenue in North Bergen in June 2009, and the project's groundbreaking was held on June 8, 2009. The Palisades Tunnels construction contract, the first major tunneling contract for the project was awarded on May 5, 2010.

Cancellation
Governor Christie endorsed the project in April 2010, but his support for the project was later called into question. On September 10, 2010, with final design and construction on the first two contracts was already underway, NJ Transit's executive director, James Weinstein, ordered work on the tunnel to be suspended for 30 days for a 30-day risk review of the project's cost and schedule, because of concerns that the project would go $1 billion over budget which the State of New Jersey could not afford to pay.  News reports mentioned the possibility that Governor Christie's administration was considering scrapping the project to use the project's funding to replenish New Jersey's Transportation Trust Fund, however New Jersey's Transportation Commissioner James S. Simpson denied that the Administration ever contemplated such a possibility.

On October 7, 2010, New Jersey governor Chris Christie announced that the ARC Tunnel project was officially cancelled, citing rising costs and concerns over New Jersey residents fronting the bill for the estimated $15 billion project.  The next day the governor agreed to a two-week reprieve, so that additional options for funding the tunnel could be developed.  Christie did briefly reconsider, reviewing options in discussions with US Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood, but made a final decision to terminate the project on October 27, 2010.

At the time of cancellation, construction was already underway on the Tonnelle Avenue Underpass and the Palisades Tunnels, one of the project's three tunnel segments in the project. The construction contract for the Manhattan Tunnels was pending award to Barnard-Judlau JV. The Hudson River Tunnels, the third and final tunnel construction contract, was in the procurement phase.

Funding repayment controversy
The cancellation forfeited federal funding for the project, and put into question the use of Port Authority money. In November 2010, U.S. Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood agreed to an arrangement proposed by New Jersey's congressional delegation in which the state would return $271 million already received for the project and the federal DOT would in turn put $128 million into the state's Congestion Mitigation Air Quality account to be used on future projects. The Christie administration did not accept the offer.

The federal government then demanded total repayment by New Jersey of federal grants, as stipulated under federal law.  The Christie administration has refused to repay and is involved in legal proceedings to avoid doing so. The Federal Transit Administration requested that the state repay $271,101,291 by December 24, 2010.  New Jersey hired the Washington, D.C. law firm Patton Boggs to argue against the repayment. As of April 2011, Patton Boggs had billed the state $803,000 in legal fees.
In a letter to New Jersey U.S. senators and congressional representatives, Secretary  LaHood wrote that the state was liable for the money, and that non-payment could result in the withholding of federal funding for other projects.

On April 29, 2011, a Federal Transit Administration ruling rejected New Jersey's arguments on the repayment of the funds. The debt carries an interest rate of 1% per year, and began to accrue on that date at a rate of approximately $225,000 per month. Christie vowed that he would contest in the decision in court.

In September 2011, FTA and NJT reached a deal whereby $95 million would be paid back. The agreement waived $2.7 million in penalties and interest and stipulated that $128 million would be spent on DOT-approved transit-related projects. While the $95 million taken as loss in 2011, the re-payment schedule will be $19 million per year for five years.

NJT costs, litigation, and settlements
In June 2010,  a $162.7 million insurance premium payment was made by NJT when the project started,  $144.5 million of which was reimbursed. The remaining $18,208,603 was used to cover the cost of insurance coverage for the project until it was shut down.

In October 2012, in an eminent domain case for a property in Weehawken that lies in the path of the tunnel, NJT was ordered to pay $8.5 million for the parcel. The amount was contested and reduced to $6.13 million.

The agency also agreed to a $5.6 million settlement with a construction company, Barnard/Judlau Joint Venture, for previously completed work final design plans, drawings and reports.

Government Accountability Office report
In March 2012, the Government Accountability Office (GAO), a federal agency, published a report entitled Commuter Rail Potential Impacts and Cost Estimates for the Cancelled Hudson River Tunnel Project, which concluded that Christie's basis for cancellation was a misrepresentation and that he misstated the estimated costs, cost over-runs, and New Jersey's obligation to pay them.

It found that no agreement had been made as to who was responsible for cost over-runs, which Christie claimed were NJ's responsibility. While he had suggested that the project would cost up to $14 billion, NJ state officials stated that in their estimation before the cancellation it would cost around $10 billion. The report concluded that New Jersey would have been responsible for 14.4% of the costs of project, and that Christie's claim of 70% included funds committed by the PANYNJ (a bi-state agency) and a $775 million contribution to the rebuilding of the Portal Bridge, which was not in the scope of ARC project. New Jersey's funds earmarked for ARC were eventually diverted to the state transportation trust, normally funded by a gasoline tax, one of the lowest in the United States.

NJ Legislature, Manhattan District Attorney and SEC investigations
In a controversial move in 2011, Governor Chris Christie directed the PANYNJ to divert money originally earmarked for ARC to highway projects. The agency agreed to pay $1.8 billion to partially fund efforts to rehabilitate the Pulaski Skyway and Route 139, replace Wittpenn Bridge, and extend Route 1&9T, all part of the larger distribution network in the Port of New York and New Jersey. A 2014 article in WNYC claimed: "According to documents and interviews with more than a dozen top-level sources, the governor made clear from the get-go that the agency would be the source of cash for New Jersey's hard-up infrastructure budget. And he and his team proceeded to wrangle billions from the bi-state authority to further his political goals — much of that for projects that had never been under the Port Authority's jurisdiction before.

In February 2014, a special joint committee of the  New Jersey Legislature investigating the Fort Lee lane closure scandal subpoenaed the PANYNJ for documents related to the ARC project, specifically with regard to projected cost overruns and to discussions related to Christie's appointments to the agency.

In March 2014, Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance, Jr. subpoenaed records from the PANYNJ seeking correspondence among authority officials and Christie's administration regarding projects such as the rebuilding of the World Trade Center site and the PATH transportation hub in lower Manhattan. Vance's office has conducted interviews about the agency's funding of reconstruction of the Pulaski Skyway. As the Port Authority's jurisdiction includes access roads to the Lincoln Tunnel but not the Holland Tunnel, the Christie administration allegedly pressured the Port Authority to classify the Skyway as an access route to the Lincoln Tunnel.

In April 2014, media reported that lawyers from the New York office of the Securities and Exchange Commission were working with the Manhattan DA's office in a joint probe into the possible misuse of Port Authority funds. NJ State Senator Ray Lesniak reportedly had sent a letter to the SEC and the Internal Revenue Service calling for an investigation into whether the diversion of money to New Jersey roads may have violated securities or tax laws. The SEC ultimately fined the PANYNJ $400,000. The PANYNJ conceded that it had acted negligently. The investigation also revealed that the Christie administration had already eyed the money prior to announcing the cancelation of the project in order to prevent a transportation funding crisis in NJ.

Alternatives

Gateway Project

In February 2011 Amtrak announced its intention to build a small segment of a high-speed rail  corridor called the Gateway Project to also be used by New Jersey Transit. While Amtrak acknowledged that the region represented a bottleneck in the national system, its timetable for beginning the project was advanced in part due to ARC's cancellation. The project is similar in scope, but passengers travelling from Bergen, Passaic, Rockland, and Orange counties will still require a transfer at Secaucus Junction.  Rather than a deep cavern station, a new southern terminal annex, considered more integral to an expanded New York Penn Station complex, will be built. A track from the new tunnel will also connect to the existing Penn Station, allowing for use by Amtrak's Northeast Corridor through-service trains.

On May 28, 2021, the project was formally approved by the federal government; the Gateway Development Commission announced that the new tunnels would be completed in 2035 at a cost of $16.1 billion. The first contracts for the project were awarded in September 2023.

New York City Subway extension

On November 16, 2010, The New York Times reported that New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg's administration was working on a plan in lieu of the ARC tunnel, to extend the IRT Flushing Line of the New York City Subway to Secaucus Junction. This revived previous discussions about the possible extension that were not pursued given New Jerseyans presumed preference for a "one seat ride" into Manhattan. Construction on the 7 Subway Extension saw the line extended southwest from Times Square – 42nd Street to the 34th Street – Hudson Yards station, which opened on September 13, 2015. The new station is near the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project site and Jacob K. Javits Convention Center, one block from the Hudson River.

If built, the extension would take the New York City Subway outside the city's borders for the first time. It would offer a direct rail access from New Jersey to Times Square, Grand Central Terminal, and Queens as well as connections with most other subway routes.

A subway extension would cost less than the ARC tunnel, as its eastern end would be the new subway station at Eleventh Avenue, avoiding the expensive tunnel boring work east to Herald Square. Travel times into Manhattan could be longer than under the original ARC proposal, because riders would need to transfer to the subway from New Jersey Transit trains at Secaucus. On the other hand, riders would gain direct access to Grand Central Terminal on the east side of Manhattan. This was one of the original key goals of the ARC project that the final ARC proposal didn't satisfy. The 7 route might not have the same capacity as the ARC tunnel, as trains would not be arriving at a terminal station with multiple platforms. Bloomberg had not discussed the project with either New York Governor Andrew Cuomo or Christie, and it would not automatically receive the federal funds allotted to the ARC tunnel. Christie stated that he would be open to the discussion.

On February 2, 2011, the city's Economic Development Corporation voted to budget up to $250,000 for a feasibility study of a tunnel for the subway line extension awarded to Parsons Brinckerhoff, a major engineering firm that was working on the ARC tunnel. The report was released in April 2013. The proposal includes the construction of the in-fill station at 10th Avenue, tunnels running along the path of the ARC tunnel, and a multi-level multi-modal addition to Secaucus Junction. A widening of the right-of way of the Northeast Corridor was considered.
The study revived hope for the project, with Mayor Bloomberg saying "Extending the 7 train to Secaucus is a promising potential solution ... and is deserving of serious consideration." Citing budget considerations, the director of the MTA, Joe Lhota, said that it was doubtful the extension would be built in the foreseeable future.

In a November 2013 Daily News opinion article, the president of the Real Estate Board of New York and the chairman of Edison Properties called for the line to be extended to Secaucus in tunnels to be shared with the Gateway Project. Later in November 2013 the New Jersey Assembly passed a Resolution 168 supporting the extension of the line to Hoboken and Secaucus. An economic impact study by the Meadowlands Chamber of Commerce is expected to be released in spring 2015.

See also

 Empire Connection
 Florida high speed rail
 List of ferries across the Hudson River in New York City
 List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River (bridges and tunnels)

References

External links

 ARCTunnel.com Official website
 N.J. Governor Christie reconsiders canceling tunnel project October 10, 2010 News story
 United States' Largest Transit Project Breaks Ground June 8, 2009 Demotix - Photo News Wire. Photos by Jim DeLillo

 TTF proposals 2006
 Would tunnels killed by Christie have cured NJ Transit's ills? (NJ.com article)

Cancelled railway tunnels
Crossings of the Hudson River
New Jersey Meadowlands District
NJ Transit
North Bergen, New Jersey
Passenger rail transportation in New Jersey
Passenger rail transportation in New York (state)
Proposed railway lines in New Jersey
Proposed railway tunnels in North America
Proposed tunnels in the United States
Railroad tunnels in New Jersey
Railroad tunnels in New York City
Transportation in Hudson County, New Jersey


Manuel Barroso (born 9 June 1964) is a Portuguese modern pentathlete. He competed at the 1984, 1988, 1992 and 1996 Summer Olympics.

References

1964 births
Living people
Portuguese male modern pentathletes
Olympic modern pentathletes for Portugal
Modern pentathletes at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Modern pentathletes at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Modern pentathletes at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Modern pentathletes at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Lisbon


"Evil" is a single by the band Earth, Wind & Fire which was issued in June 1973 by Columbia Records. The song peaked at No. 19 on the Billboard Easy Listening chart and No. 25 on the Hot Soul Singles chart.

Overview
Evil was produced by Joe Wissert and written by EWF bandleader Maurice White with Philip Bailey. The b-side of this single was a song called Clover. Both Evil and Clover came off the band's 1973 studio album, Head to the Sky.

Critical reception
Robert Christgau of the Village Voice described Evil as having a "catchy title" with "sweet clear harmonies and sinuous beat". Alex Henderson of Allmusic also called the tune "latin influenced".

Chart positions

Samples
"Evil" was sampled by Deee-Lite on Say Ahhh... off their 1994 album Dewdrops in the Garden. David Byrne and Fatboy Slim sampled the song on How are You? from the duo's 2010 soundtrack album Here Lies Love. Amerie feat. Carl Thomas also sampled Evil on Can We Go off her 2005 album Touch.

References

1973 singles
Earth, Wind & Fire songs
Songs written by Maurice White
Songs written by Philip Bailey
1973 songs
Columbia Records singles


Ali Squalli Houssaini (1932 in Fez – November 5, 2018) was the author of the lyrics of the national anthem of Morocco, "Hymne Chérifien", which he wrote in 1970.  He was also the author of numerous books.

A member of the Union of Moroccan Writers since 1967, Squalli received the Morocco Grand Prize in 1982 and the international prize of King Faisal of Saudi Arabia in children's literature in 1992.

References

1932 births
2018 deaths
Moroccan children's writers
National anthem writers
Writers from Fez, Morocco
20th-century Moroccan writers


Louise Bourgeois: The Spider, the Mistress and the Tangerine is a 2008 documentary film about artist and sculptor Louise Bourgeois directed by Marion Cajori and Amei Wallach and distributed by Zeitgeist Films.

Synopsis
Louise Bourgeois: The Spider, the Mistress and the Tangerine chronicles the life and imagination of Paris-born artist Louise Bourgeois. Her process is on full display in this documentary, which features the artist in her studio and with her installations, shedding light on her intentions and inspirations. Throughout the documentary, Bourgeois reveals her life and work to be imbued with her ongoing obsession with the mysteries of childhood. Bourgeois has for six decades been an important and influential figure in the world of modern art. In 1982, at the age of 71, she became the first woman to be honored with a major retrospective at New York's Museum of Modern Art. She is perhaps best known for her series of massive spider structures that have been installed around the world. Filmed with unprecedented access to the artist between 1993 and 2007, Louise Bourgeois: The Spider, the Mistress and the Tangerine is a comprehensive examination of the creative process.

Music
In several places, the film contains an excerpt from the song O Superman by Laurie Anderson. The last part of the song, beginning with the line So hold me Mom, is used in correspondence to Bourgeois' theme of depicting the mother figure with spider sculptures.

During the credits, a remix of a song called Otte, written and sung by Louise Bourgeois herself, is heard. The film also shows her amused reaction to hearing herself singing this song.

Reception
The film has received mostly laudatory reviews, with 92% of critics responding with positive reviews at T-metric section of Rotten Tomatoes and a "certified fresh" rating.

DVD release
Louise Bourgeois: The Spider, The Mistress and the Tangerine was released on DVD by Zeitgeist Films June 23, 2009.

References

External links
 Louise Bourgeois: The Spider, the Mistress and the Tangerine Official Site

2008 films
American documentary films
Documentary films about visual artists
Films about sculptors
2000s English-language films
2000s American films


La Minerve is a village and municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Les Laurentides Regional County Municipality.

Located in the Laurentian Mountains, La Minerve is still fairly forested and covered with many lakes, notably Chapleau, Désert, and La Minerve Lakes. Its southern portion is part of the Papineau-Labelle Wildlife Reserve. The area is popular for cottage vacationing. In the summer, the small local population swells with nearly 15,000 tourists.

History
Before the arrival of missionary colonizer Antoine Labelle, journalists of the Montreal newspaper "La Minerve" explored this region between 1880 and 1885. At that time, the Club Island  was known as "Governor Island" and belonged to Sir Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, controller of the newspaper. Afterwards, employees of La Minerve began to strongly encourage the settlement of the area which came to be named after this newspaper. The 30 January 1886 edition of La Minerve reported:

During the years 1880 to 1890, the government granted the first land concessions. The first settler, Isaac Grégoire, arrived in 1885, and in the fall of the same year, notary Joseph Lefebvre, from Waterloo in the Eastern Townships, and some of his friends came to the area taking possession of some lots in La Minerve. Lefebvre opened a flour mill and a sawmill on the shores of Lake Desert.

In 1892, the Township of La Minerve and its township municipality were formed. In 1896, the post office opened, named Minerve (but renamed to La Minerve in 1949). In 1897, there were  under cultivation, 13 houses, 4 barns, 40 arpents of fencing (about 2.34 km). Twenty years later in 1917, there were 125 families with a total of 677 inhabitants.

On January 1, 1995, La Minerve absorbed the unorganized territories of Lac-Marie-Le Franc and Lac-aux-Castors located in the Labelle and Gagnon townships, but subsequently lost about  to the Municipality of Labelle. In 1998, the Township Municipality of La Minerve obtained a new legal status and became the Municipality of La Minerve.

Demographics

Population

Population trend:
 Population in 2021: 1,421 (2016 to 2021 population change: 17.9%)
 Population in 2016: 1,205
 Population in 2011: 1,234
 Population in 2006: 1,295
 Population in 2001: 1,080
 Population in 1996: 927 (or 912 when adjusted for 2001 boundaries)
 Population in 1991: 880

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 767 (total dwellings: 1,638)

Mother tongue:
 English as first language: 5.3%
 French as first language: 91.2%
 English and French as first language: 1.4%
 Other as first language: 1.4%

Education

Sainte Agathe Academy (of the Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board) in Sainte-Agathe-des-Monts serves English-speaking students in this community for both elementary and secondary levels.

References

Incorporated places in Laurentides
Municipalities in Quebec


Trudy V. McCaffery (April 10, 1944 – February 12, 2007) was a Thoroughbred racehorse owner-breeder in California who served on the board of directors of the Edwin J. Gregson Foundation, the NTRA Charities, the California Thoroughbred Breeders Association, the Oak Tree Racing Association, and the Thoroughbred Owners of California. She was also a trustee with the Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association.

Born Trudy Hanson in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, she was the daughter of Minnesota-born Canadian Football Hall of Fame inductee Melvin "Fritz" Hanson and his wife, Maxine. As a young girl growing up in Calgary, Alberta, she became an accomplished equestrian. As an adult, in addition to participating in the sport of horse racing, she was an avid golfer.

While living in Rancho Santa Fe, California, in 1989 she began a racing partnership with Canadian-born John Toffan. It became one of California's top racing and breeding operations, and in 1997 the Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association named them "Owners of the Year". They bred Round Pond, who won the 2006 Breeders' Cup Distaff. Their top runners included:
 Mane Minister (b. 1988) – Won Santa Catalina Stakes and finished third in all three of the U.S. Triple Crown races;
 Pacific Squall (b. 1989) – won Grade I Hollywood Oaks (1992);
 Bien Bien (b. 1989) – a homebred who won four Grade I races including the San Juan Capistrano Invitational Handicap and set a course record for 1¼ miles while winning the Hollywood Invitational Turf Handicap. Retired with earnings of $2,498,370;
 Free House  (b. 1994) – a homebred who was a two-time California Horse of the Year and whose eight stakes race wins included California's three most important dirt races: the Santa Anita Derby (1997), the Pacific Classic Stakes (1998), and the Santa Anita Handicap (1999);
 A. P. Assay (b. 1994) – won the 1998 A Gleam Invitational Handicap and Desert Stormer Handicap;
 Bienamado (b. 1996) – a homebred son of Bien Bien, raced in Europe and the United States in partnership with Robert Sangster. Won Prix de Condé in France and three Grade I races in California. Career earnings of $1,261,009;
 Bosque Redondo (b. 1997) – a homebred son of Mane Minister. In 2002 won the San Bernardino Handicap;
 Came Home (b. 1999) – a homebred raced in partnership with John Goodman and William Farish III whose wins included the Grade I Hopeful Stakes at Saratoga Race Course and Santa Anita Park's Pacific Classic Stakes and Santa Anita Derby. Career earnings of $1,835,940.

In addition to her involvement with various California horse racing associations, in 1999 McCaffery founded "Kids to the Cup", a non-profit organization dedicated to developing young racing fans. She was also a member of the board of directors of the Edwin J. Gregson Foundation, which raises money to help racetrack backstretch employees, and the board of the National Thoroughbred Racing Association Charities. For her contributions to the Thoroughbred racing industry, she was awarded the 2002 National Thoroughbred Racing Association Commissioners Cup and the 2004 Clay Puett Award by the Racetrack Industry Program.

Sixty-two-year-old McCaffery died at her home on February 12, 2007, following a lengthy battle with lung cancer.

References

External links
 Trudy McCaffery and John Toffan at the NTRA
 Thoroughbred Times article titled California mainstay Trudy McCaffery dies at 62

1944 births
2007 deaths
American racehorse owners and breeders
Businesspeople from Winnipeg
Canadian racehorse owners and breeders
Deaths from lung cancer
People from Rancho Santa Fe, California


The Center for Labor and Community Research (CLCR) is a 501c3 not-for-profit organization based in Chicago, Illinois.

History
Originally named the Midwest Center for Labor Research, CLCR was founded in 1982 in order to examine the causes and effects of the sharp decline in manufacturing in the 1970s. The goal of CLCR's early research was to determine whether this rapid deindustrialization in the United States was an inevitable consequence of globalization and technological development or whether it was a trend that could be slowed or reversed by effective policy changes.

After almost two decades of in-depth research, CLCR concluded that 80% of losses in manufacturing could have been averted, avoiding much of the subsequent rise in poverty across manufacturing-dependent communities.

References
 Swinney, D (1998). Building the Bridge to the High Road.
 Chicago Federation of Labor and Center for Labor and Community Research (2001). Creating a Manufacturing Career Path System in Cook County.
 Center for Labor & Community Research (2003). The State of Illinois Manufacturing.

External links
 Center for Labor & Community Research (CLCR)
 Chicago Manufacturing Renaissance Council (CMRC)
 Austin Polytechnical Academy (APA)

Business organizations based in the United States


Antinous (111–130 CE) was the favorite and lover of Roman Emperor Hadrian.

Antinous can also refer to:

Arts

Literature
Antinous son of Eupeithes, one of the chief suitors of Penelope in Homer's Odyssey
Antinous, a 1918 collection of English verse by Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa

Music
Antinous, a 1990s composition by António Chagas Rosa

Sculpture
Antinous Farnese, a statue of Hadrian's favorite, once owned by the Farnese family
Antinous Mondragone, a colossal bust of Hadrian's favorite, discovered at Frascati before 1730
Capitoline Antinous, a statue discovered in the 18th century at Hadrian's Villa, now believed to be a Roman copy of a statue of Hermes
Statue of Antinous (Delphi), a statue discovered in 1894 at Delphi, Greece
Townley Antinous, a portrait head of Antinous wearing an ivy wreath

Astronomy
Antinous (constellation), an obsolete constellation, originally named by Hadrian after his favorite
Antinous (crater), a feature of Tethys, a moon of Saturn
1863 Antinous, an asteroid discovered in 1948, named for the Homeric figure

People
 Antinous of Epirus (died 168 BCE), a Molossian chieftain

Ships
 Antinous, French renaming of the SMS Wolf (auxiliary cruiser) of the Imperial German Navy, scrapped in 1931
 , an American 6,000 ton merchant vessel sunk by the German submarine U-512 in 1942
 SS Antinous (1943), a Type C2 ship transferred to the United States Navy as USS Baxter (APA-94), sold in 1947 and scrapped in 1968
 , a Type C2 ship scrapped in 1970


The list of shipwrecks in 1958 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during 1958.

January

4 January

6 January

9 January

13 January

16 Januaary

21 January

27 January

29 January

31 January

February

4 February

16 February

19 February

25 February

26 February

March

1 March

2 March

9 March

10 March

14 March

19 March

27 March

28 March

31 March

April

6 April

20 April

28 April

28 or 30 April
These two ships were bombed in an air raid or raids on Ambon Bay in Indonesia. Ambon was bombed several times, and sources differ as to the date(s) on which the ships were attacked. One source suggests that they were hit on 1 or 2 May.

29 April

May

1 May

2 May

8 May

12 May

13 May

14 May

17 May

22 May

29 May

31 May

June

3 June

6 June

8 June

16 June

17 June

20 June

25 June

26 June

July

1 July

6 July

9 July

14 July

24 July

August

5 August

7 August

8 August

11 August

14 August

15 August

21 August

22 August

24 August

26 August

September

2 September

5 September

8 September

10 September

13 September

17 September

18 September

19 September

24 September

26 September

October

5 October

5 October

6 October

21 October

22 October

23 October

31 October

Unknown October

November

2 November

3 November

13 November

16 November

18 November

22 November

23 November

December

1 December

3 December

5 December

10 December

14 December

15 December

17 December

18 December

20 December

23 December

28 December

30 December

31 December

Unknown December

Unknown date

References

See also

1958

Ships


FC Bataysk-2007 () was a Russian association football club from Bataysk, founded in 1998 and playing on the professional level since 2007 until 2010. On July 31, 2010 it dropped out from the Russian Second Division due to lack of finances. From 1998 to 2006 it was called FC Bataysk.

External links
Official website

Association football clubs established in 1998
Association football clubs disestablished in 2010
Defunct football clubs in Russia
Sport in Rostov Oblast
1998 establishments in Russia
2010 disestablishments in Russia


The Chicago Manufacturing Renaissance Council (CMRC) is a partnership of business, labor, government, education, and community leaders with a goal of reforming public education. The council plans to achieve this by replicating its Manufacturing Connect program at elementary and high schools in the Chicago region.  This program links public schools with the manufacturing sector solving their talent needs and creating career options for youth and adults.  Manufacturing Renaissance (www.mfgren.org) provides management and staff for the CMRC.

External links
 Chicago Manufacturing Renaissance Council (CMRC)
 Wall Street Journal
 Chicago Reporter
 Catalyst-Chicago
 Austin Weekly News
 Entrepreneur.com
 Chi-Town Daily News
 AmericanEconomicAlert.org

Organizations based in Chicago


The list of shipwrecks in 1959 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during 1959.

January

1 January

9 January

14 January

18 January

23 January

25 January

27 January

30 January

February

2 February

5 February

7 February

13 February

17 February

19 February

20 February

22 February

25 February

March

3 March

14 March

17 March

21 March

23 March

26 March

30 March

April

12 April

13 April

15 April

19 April

26 April

29 April

May

5 May

8 May

9 May

11 May

13 May

21 May

31 May

Unknown date

June

9 June

15 June

18 June

25 June

July

1 July

3 July

6 July

12 July

17 July

18 July

28 July

29 July

August

1 August

5 August

11 August

18 August

21 August

23 August

24 August

26 August

30 August

31 August

Unknown date

September

4 September

7 September

8 September

10 September

14 September

27 September

Unknown date

October

4 October

18 October

22 October

27 October

28 October

Unknown date

November

13 November

16 November

23 November

24 November

27 October

30 November

Unknown date

December

1 December

6 December

7 December

8 December

9 December

13 December

14 December

16 December

20 December

25 December

30 December

Unknown date

References

See also

1959

Ships


With the debut of the first professional baseball league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, the Athletic Baseball Club of Philadelphia was one of the first clubs to join.

The Athletics had been around since 1860 as an amateur club. Led by their captain and pitcher, Dick McBride, the team went 21–7 and won the first NA title during the 1871 season. Philadelphia's third baseman, Levi Meyerle, led the league with a .492 batting average.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
1871 Philadelphia Athletics season at Baseball Reference

Philadelphia Athletics (1860–1876) seasons
Philadelphia Athletics
Philadelphia Athletics season