The Helicopter Flight Rescue System (HFRS) is a helicopter insertion and extraction tool that utilizes a longline and personnel carrying device system (PCDS) to carry human loads below a helicopter in flight.  These systems are often referred to as "long line", "short haul", Class D fixed line (CDFL), and other terms, and is similar to other helicopter long line systems in use throughout the world.  By extending a rescuer below the aircraft and allowing the aircraft to remain clear of obstacles while a rescue is performed, a pilot can insert or extract rescuers and subjects in most types of terrain (slope angle, obstacles, and hazards permitting).

Under CARs, HFRS falls under Class D operations which includes all human loads carried externally, commonly referred to as "human external cargo" (HEC).  By regulation, air carriers, operations personnel, and essential aircrew conducting Class D operations are required to be extensively trained. There must also be a memorandum of understanding between the tasking agency and the air operator in order to ensure a good working relationship. In British Columbia, Emergency Management BC (EMBC) enables volunteer search and rescue societies to perform HFRS to conduct various rescue missions.

HFRS refers to the particular set of equipment approved by regulatory authority and sold as an integrated package or kit, suitable for use on a specific helicopter models and configurations. The system is modular and various components can be attached or detached as the need arises. Examples of modular components include a rescue basket, an "aerial rescue platform" (commonly known as a "Bouwman bag"), and various rescuer harnesses. The line length can be adjusted for various conditions such as tree canopy.  A critical factor of these systems is a redundant method of connection between the longline and the helicopter that is intended to prevent inadvertent load release while still allowing for intentional release.  This redundancy comes in two basic forms, a belly band, or dual hook.  Both systems provide a second attachment point that can be released by the pilot (or assistant on board) in the event of a bona fide emergency requiring the jettisoning of the load.

A similar technique is used by linemen when constructing or maintaining power lines, and by maritime pilots between ship and shore.

In British Columbia
HFRS was pioneered in Canada by Parks Canada, who performed the first rescues using the long line system in the 1960s. From there, the system became commercialized, and available to industrial and search and rescue teams outside of the Parks Canada Safety Program.
One of the earliest SAR teams in Canada to adopt the commercial system was North Shore Rescue, and was eventually followed by other teams with high call volumes, and mountainous terrain such as Golden SAR, Nelson SAR and Squamish SAR. These organizations recognized a need to move beyond reliance on conventional hover entry-exit techniques (still widely used). The system has proved to be safe, and cost effective, and now constitutes part of the search and rescue safety plans within the province of BC, with over 15 teams currently using the technique.

This kind of aerial maneuver originated in the Swiss Alps. In 1970, a mountain guide with Air Zermatt performed the first longline mountain rescue on the North face of the Eiger. This mission forever changed mountain rescue operations

Components
The HFRS has multiple components which ultimately safely suspend a rescuer under the helicopter (extended below the skids) with two distinct actions required to release the load, and load bearing redundancy. The components include:

Pictures

References

External links
 Air Rescue Association of Canada Best Practices with Regard to HFRS/HET's

Rescue aviation
Articles containing video clips


The Teatro Nacional Cervantes in Buenos Aires is the national stage and comedy theatre of Argentina.

Overview
Located on Córdoba Avenue and two blocks north of Buenos Aires' renowned opera house, the Colón Theatre, the Cervantes houses three performance halls. The María Guerrero Salon is the theatre's main hall. Its 456 m2 (4,900 ft2) stage features a 12 m (39 ft) rotating circular platform and can be extended by a further 2.7 m (9 ft). The Guerrero Salon can seat 860 spectators, including 512 in the galleries. A secondary hall, the Orestes Caviglia Salon, can seat 150 and is mostly reserved for chamber music concerts. The Luisa Vehíl Salon is a multipurpose room known for its extensive gold leaf decor.

History

The Cervantes Theatre of Buenos Aires owes its existence, in part, to the 1897 relocation to Argentina of Spanish theatre producer María Guerrero and her company, who popularized professional stage theatre in Argentina. A commercial success at the Teatro Odeón, her adaptations of classics in Spanish literature took her to theatres nationwide. Following the opening of a number of large, ornate opera houses and stage theatres in Argentina, Guerrero and her husband, Fernando Díaz de Mendoza, set aside a share of their fortune in 1918 for the creation of their own grand theatre house. The project caught the attention of both local high society and the King of Spain, Alfonso XIII, who collaborated with its construction by commissioning artisanal fixtures, material and elements of stagecraft for the theatre, built accordingly in Spanish baroque style and named in honor of Spain's legendary novelist and dramatist, Miguel de Cervantes.

The Cervantes Theatre was inaugurated on September 5, 1921, with a production of Lope de Vega's La dama boba (The Foolish Lady). The proliferation of theatres in Buenos Aires and the advent of the radio in Argentina soon eroded the Cervantes' audience base, however, and in 1926, the couple was forced to auction the institution. Lamenting this turn of events, National Music Conservatory Assistant Director Enrique García Velloso persuaded President Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, whose wife, Regina Pacini, had been an opera chanteuse and was an avid patroness of the arts, to create the National Stage Theatre at the ailing Cervantes. The theatre also became home of the National Comedy Theatre in 1933. A massive fire in 1961 nearly destroyed the Cervantes, a misfortune leading to the aging house's extensive modernization, including the construction of a 17-story annex. The main hall itself was rebuilt according to its original specifications and the renovated institution was reopened in 1968. Tireless advocacy on the part of Lito Cruz (one of the best-known figures in Argentine cinema and theatre) led to Congressional passage of a National Theatre Law in 1997, providing yearly subsidies for the art and for the designation of the Cervantes itself as an official entity.

Gallery

External links
Teatro Cervantes

Argentine comedy
Theatres in Buenos Aires
Argentine music
1921 establishments in Argentina
Theatres completed in 1921
National Historic Monuments of Argentina


Jean-Michel Soupraya (born April 25, 1973), is a French record producer, music conductor, musical arranger, film composer, artist development expert. and musician. Often referred to as The Next Quincy Jones, Soupraya is noted for his talent at piano and keyboard and unique eclectic musical abilities. He has been heavily influenced by his time spent in the West Indies where he was surrounded by percussion, marimbas, singers, dancers and carnivals. He was a keyboardist for Zionbar, an international reggae band Polygram and Universal; and collaborated with Guy Nsangue, Abraham Laboriel, Paul Jackson Jr., John JR Robinson, Luis Conte, Franck Gelibert, Lenny Waronker, Phil Tan, Mick Guzauski of Barking Doctor Recording, Henri Gravier, Luck Mervil, Malcolm Pollack, Dave Aron, Curtis King, popular French rappers Tonton David and MC Solaar. In 2014, he created the TV show "The Producer Show".

Biography

Early life
During his youth, Soupraya was a dedicated soccer player. But at the age of twelve he sustained a paralyzing injury that nearly disabled him permanently. Jean-Michel had to be sent to a special children's hospital in Paris where his mother introduced him to music by bringing him keyboards, believing in the power of music to heal him. During this two-year convalescence, Jean-Michel became a self-taught master of the keyboard and walked out of the hospital despite a grim initial prognosis.

In his early teens, Soupraya attended boarding school in Le Mans, France where his popularity grew with self-inspired concerts. Discovering another passion, Soupraya also taught himself how to read, write, and compose music.

Musical career

Soupraya spent five years under contract at television channel France 2, composing music for several popular television shows. In addition to composing popular music, he has created music for film, stage, orchestras, and video games. A song he composed called "Tenderness" (sung in French) made it to the Eurovision 2000 competition finals. Soupraya then began working internationally, between London, Paris, New York, and Montreal, as he worked to debut his first multi-cultural album, "L'enfant du monde."  The album, produced in Montreal, united musicians from four countries.

Soupraya began work with a French singer Jenny Zana, seventeen at the time, in 1998.  The large scale production of the song "Tenderness" performed by Zana in the Eurovision competition (2000).

In 2000, Jean-Michel discovered and partnered with Sofie Mazeyrat, a Parisian-born singer of Italian descent, who gained recognition and an international following, singing in English, French, Italian and Spanish. After Sophie appeared in the Eurovision television contest at L'Olympia, the largest concert hall in Paris, Soupraya produced her debut album "I Can Do It".

Soupraya moved to Los Angeles in 2004, where he founded JMWest Records USA (2004), and produced the Lea Jones album, "Lucky Boy" which was critically received encouragingly well.

Soupraya created JMWest Entertainment label (www.jmwestentertainment.com) in 2006, devoting himself to the development and production of multiple artists. Including, pop recording artist Citlalii, (2009), Kazakhstan-born alternative pop recording artist and songwriter RuZANNA, (2010), female pop recording artist JUSTICE (Lauren Justice – www.JUSTICEmusicDaily.com),(2011), R&B/Pop recording artist/songwriter Kylie Marcus (2013), and Finn (2013).

Soupraya produced and co-wrote for JMWest Entertainment "Find A Way" by JUSTICE, the pop artist's Top 40 (#30 TOP 40 Billboard Indicator) debut single (March 2012).  Soupraya also produced "Will You Be There (Kazakh Version)" by RuZANNA which released on music television in Kazakhstan (September 2012). In March 2013, JUSTICE's second single "By My Side" was released – also produced and co-written by Soupraya. In November 2013, "Yellow Shirt" by Kylie Marcus (co-written/produced by Soupraya) released.

Soupraya settled in Beverly Hills, where he currently resides and operates JMWest Entertainment Group, LLC and JMWest LIVE!.

In 2014 the single "Yellow shirt" by Kylie Marcus reached number 4 in Billboard single chart. In 2017, the first single by CARMA "The Recipe" reached number 7 in Billboard single chart.

Social Activism
In 2005 Jean-Michel Soupraya produced the new CD single "HOPE" for JMWest Records, performed by Lea Jones with Abraham Laboriel, Luis Conte, Tom Walsh, Franck Gelibert, JD Daniel, Dave Aron and others. Title song lyrics were by Solomon J. LeFlore, for the documentary produced by Solomon J. LeFlore and Susan Gee to benefit the Mary Ellen Gerber (M.E.G.) Foundation about the devastating 1999 Orissa, India cyclone and the 2004 Indonesian tsunami and the foundation started by Mary Ellen Gerber to "nurture children in need."

Frequently applauded for his unique ability to recruit top talent Soupraya began JMWest LIVE! in 2010. JMWest LIVE!'s altruistic effort to provide up and coming artist (musicians, singers, songwriters, AND production team) with an affordable forum with which to introduce themselves to the industry has hosted events at venues throughout Los Angeles including the Roxy, VIP Lounge and The House of Blues, Foundation Room.

Discography

Filmography

Timeline
1997
Jean-Michel Soupraya creates
JMWest Records

1998
Joint Venture with the Canadian Label "Black Light Production"

1999
First Realization of "Children of the World" with Canadian and French Artists

2000
Eurovision contest. Jenny Zana with Sofie Mazeyrat

2001
Production agreement with Patrick Geindre to develop and internationalize the company and the artists

2002
Realization of the album "Desire" for Lea Jones in New York

2004
Creation of JMWest Records USA.

2004
Joint Venture with Solomon J. LeFlore

2005
Development of what would later become the JMWest Entertainment Duplication Division

2005
Realization of the song "HOPE" with Lea Jones, Abraham Laboriel for the Katrina victims through MEG Foundation.

2005
Produced and composed music for "Mothering Children in Need", a documentary produced by Vision Quest Entertainment – Burbank CA for the Mary Ellen Gerber Foundation.

2006
Creation of JMWest Entertainment LLC.

2006
Arrangements, compositions, songwriting, CD/DVD Duplication

2007
Development & creation of JMWest Entertainment Duplication Division www.jmwestentertainment.com

2007
Creation of Lea Jones' New album LUCKY BOY

2008
Development of Music Library to over 400 songs.

2009
Development of Music Library to over 500 songs.

2009
Entered development contract with Citlalii

2010
Creation of JMWest LIVE!

2010
Signed pop artist Citlalii.

2010
Signed Artist RuZANNA.

2010
Entered development contract with Stephanie Quartararo

2011
Signed artist JUSTICE

2011
Development of Music Library to over 600 songs

2012
US release of TOP 40 single (#30 TOP 40 Billboard Indicator) "Find A Way" by JUSTICE

2012
Kazakhstan release of Music Video for "Will You Be There" (Kazakh Version) by RuZANNA.

2013
Release of TOP 40 radio single "By My Side" by JUSTICE

2013
Signed recording artist Kylie Marcus

2013
Signed recording artist Finn

2013
Release of single "Yellow Shirt" by Kylie Marcus

2014
Release of single "You Don't Know How To Love" by RuZanna

2014
Release of single "Lover" by Finn

2014
Release of EP "No Disguise" by Kylie Marcus

2017
Release of single "The Recipe" by Carma

References

External links

JM West LIVE!
JM West Entertainment
Trans Europe Xpress
Fear of a Rap Planet
Renascence Music
HOPE is for all children

1973 births
Living people
African-American songwriters
French jazz composers
Male jazz composers
American dance musicians
American film score composers
American male film score composers
French music arrangers
American record producers
American male songwriters
American jazz composers
American male jazz composers
21st-century French male pianists
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century African-American musicians


The Coffs Coast Advocate is a bi-weekly newspaper serving Coffs Harbour in New South Wales, Australia. The newspaper is owned by News Corp Australia.

The Coffs Coast Advocate is circulated to the Coffs Harbour surrounds from Macksville in the south, west to Dorrigo and as far north as Halfway Creek.

The circulation of The Coffs Coast Advocate is 62,000 Wednesday and Saturday (publisher's claim) and 31,179 on Wednesday and Saturday.

The Coffs Coast Advocate website is part of News Corp Australia's News Regional Media network.

See also
 List of newspapers in Australia

References

External links
 The Coffs Coast Advocate

Newspapers published in New South Wales
Newspapers established in 1907
APN Australian Regional Media
Coffs Harbour
Daily newspapers published in Australia


Xavier Henry (; born March 15, 1991) is an American former professional basketball player. He played one year of college basketball with the Kansas Jayhawks before he was drafted in the 2010 NBA draft by the Memphis Grizzlies.

Henry's brother, C. J., was a 2005 MLB first-round draft pick and returned to college after playing three years of minor-league baseball in the New York Yankees and Philadelphia Phillies organizations. The brothers' father, Carl, played basketball at Kansas in the 1980s and their mother played basketball for the Kansas women's team.

High school career
Henry was named to the 2009 McDonald's All-American Game where he scored 14 points. Henry was also selected to play in the 2009 Nike Hoop Summit at the Rose Garden in Portland where he led Team USA with 22 points including six 3-pointers and the Jordan Brand Classic at Madison Square Garden where he scored 10 points for the white team. He was SLAM magazine's high school diary keeper for the 2008–09 basketball season. On March 14, 2009, he led Putnam City High School to the Oklahoma Class 6A state championship, scoring 24 points in the title game against Jenks High School.

On October 22, 2008, Henry was in a car accident and fractured his cheekbone. He had to have surgery in November and he missed the beginning of his senior season.

Recruitment
By the end of his senior season, Henry was ranked as the #6 overall prospect and #2 shooting guard in the class of 2009 by Scout.com, #8 overall and #3 shooting guard by Rivals.com and #3 overall, #2 shooting guard by ESPN. Originally, Henry was heavily recruited by both Memphis and Kansas. On November 18, 2008 Henry announced his commitment to Memphis citing the opportunity to play alongside his brother, C. J., as the primary reason for the decision.

In March 2009, Memphis's head coach John Calipari took the head coaching job at the University of Kentucky, prompting Henry to reopen his recruitment.

On April 23, Henry officially announced his choice to play basketball for Kansas.

|-
|}

College career

Henry scored 27 points in his first college game, breaking the record for most points scored by a Jayhawk in a debut game as a freshman. On December 12, 2009, Henry scored 31 points against La Salle at the Sprint Center in Kansas City. In doing so he became the first KU freshman to score 30 points in a game since Paul Pierce. Henry's 31 points was four short of the KU record for points scored by a freshman set by KU legend Danny Manning.

College statistics

|-
| align="left" | 2009–10
| align="left" | Kansas
| 36 || 36 || 27.5 || .458 || .418 || .783 || 4.4 || 1.5 || 1.5 || .5 || 13.4

Professional career

Memphis Grizzlies (2010–2012)
On April 7, 2010, Henry announced that he would forgo his final three seasons of collegiate eligibility and enter the 2010 NBA draft, where he was expected to be a first-round selection. On June 24, Henry was selected 12th overall in the 2010 NBA draft by the Memphis Grizzlies.

New Orleans Hornets (2012–2013)
On January 4, 2012, Henry was acquired by New Orleans Hornets as a part of a three-team trade that sent Marreese Speights to Memphis and two future second-round picks to the Philadelphia 76ers. Henry was assigned to the Iowa Energy of the NBA Development League on March 17, 2012 and recalled on March 19.

Los Angeles Lakers (2013–2014)
On September 5, 2013, Henry signed with the Los Angeles Lakers. In his debut on October 29, 2013, he led the Lakers to a 116–103 victory over the Los Angeles Clippers while scoring a career-high 22 points. On February 27, 2014, he was assigned to the Los Angeles D-Fenders of the NBA Development League. On March 2, 2014, he was recalled by the Lakers. On April 11, 2014, Henry underwent surgery to repair both a torn ligament in his left wrist and a cartilage abnormality in his right knee.

On July 25, 2014, Henry re-signed with the Lakers to a reported one-year, $1 million contract.

On October 18, 2014, Henry's agents announced that he would be seeking a second opinion following his April 11 knee surgery and traveling to Germany for Regenokine treatment. On November 15, 2014, he was reassigned to the Los Angeles D-Fenders. He was recalled the next day. On November 22, he was reassigned to D-Fenders and again recalled a day later. On November 24, he was ruled out for the rest of the season after an MRI revealed a ruptured left Achilles tendon that he suffered at practice. On December 28, 2014, he was waived by the Lakers.

Santa Cruz Warriors (2015–2016)
On October 19, 2015, Henry signed with the Golden State Warriors. He was waived just four days later. On November 2, he was acquired by the Santa Cruz Warriors of the NBA Development League as an affiliate player of Golden State. On February 19, 2016, he made his debut for Santa Cruz in a 116–100 loss to the Rio Grande Valley Vipers, recording 14 points, four rebounds, one assist and two blocks in 16 minutes.

Oklahoma City Blue (2016–2017)
On September 12, 2016, Henry signed with the Milwaukee Bucks, but was later waived by the team on September 23 prior to training camp. On November 3, he was acquired by the Oklahoma City Blue of the NBA Development League (now renamed the NBA G League).

Career statistics

NBA

Regular season

|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Memphis
| 38 || 16 || 13.9 || .406 || .118 || .635 || 1.0 || .5 || .3 || .1 || 4.3
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | New Orleans
| 45 || 0 || 16.9 || .395 || .412 || .612 || 2.4 || .8 || .6 || .2 || 5.3
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | New Orleans
| 50 || 2 || 12.5 || .410 || .364 || .630 || 1.8 || .3 || .3 || .1 || 3.9
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | L.A. Lakers
| 43 || 5 || 21.1 || .417 || .346 || .655 || 2.7 || 1.2 || 1.0 || .2 || 10.0
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | L.A. Lakers
| 9 || 0 || 9.6 || .231 || .000 || .583 || .4 || .3 || .3 || .0 || 2.2
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 185 || 23 || 15.7 || .406 || .325 || .635 || 1.9 || .6 || .5 || .1 || 5.7

Personal life
Henry is a Christian. Henry has spoken about his faith saying, "I understand the world is not all about me. I want to lead people to Christ, do the best I can and make life worthwhile. Life is about other things. It's helping people out and being a servant to everybody else."

Henry was born in Ghent, Belgium, where his father played professional basketball in the early 1990s. His older brother, C. J. Henry, was picked with the 17th pick in the first round of the 2005 Major League Baseball first-year player draft. After struggling with baseball, C. J. went to college and returned to basketball.

References

External links

 Kansas Jayhawks bio

1991 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American men's basketball players
Iowa Energy players
Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball players
Los Angeles D-Fenders players
Los Angeles Lakers players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Memphis Grizzlies draft picks
Memphis Grizzlies players
New Orleans Hornets players
Oklahoma City Blue players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Santa Cruz Warriors players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Ghent
Basketball players from Oklahoma City
21st-century African-American sportspeople


The Northern Star is a daily newspaper serving Lismore, New South Wales, Australia. The newspaper is owned by News Corp Australia.

The Northern Star is circulated to Lismore and surrounding communities, from Tweed Heads to the north, to Kyogle and Casino to the west and Evans Head to the south and includes the seaside towns of Byron Bay and Ballina.

The circulation of The Northern Star is 14,737 Monday to Friday and 22,653 on Saturday. The Northern Star website is part of the APN Regional News Network.

History
The two-page first issue of The Northern Star was brought out on 13 May 1876, on a tiny Albion hand press.

In 1955, building started on the media centre in Goonellabah, and in 1957 the move was made from the Molesworth Street office.

In 1981, The Northern Star commissioned a seven-unit Goss Urbanite Web Offset press capable of printing 20,000 56-page copies — 1.12 million pages — per hour.

The newspaper was owned by Northern Star Holdings, which in the 1980s became an associate of Frank Lowy's Westfield Capital Corporation until 1988 when Lowy decided to sell the company's northern New South Wales newspapers to instead focus on its newly purchased Ten Network television assets. The paper was purchased by Australian Provincial Newspapers (APN), now ARN Media.

In 2004, the press was upgraded to twelve units with six Enkel auto reel stands, increasing the capability to 3.2 million pages an hour or 53,333 pages a minute. Colour capacity also increased from 16 to 48 pages of processed colour in one pass.

Along with many other regional Australian newspapers owned by NewsCorp, the newspaper ceased print editions in June 2020 and became online-only publication.

The "tiny Albion hand press" today holds pride of place in the foyer of the Goonellabah Media Centre.

Digitisation
The paper has been digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program project of the National Library of Australia.

See also
List of newspapers in Australia
List of newspapers in New South Wales

References

External links

Lismore, New South Wales
Newspapers published in New South Wales
Newspapers established in 1876
APN Australian Regional Media
Daily newspapers published in Australia
Newspapers on Trove


Heinz Schaden (born April 29, 1954) is an Austrian politician of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) and was the mayor of Salzburg from 1999 to 2017.

Schaden studied political science and journalism at Salzburg University, and did his doctorate there in 1981, before studying in Vienna until 1985. On April 30, 1999, he became the first directly elected mayor of Salzburg. He also won the mayoral election of 7 March 2004, with 52% of the vote.

He was also Chairman of the SPÖ in Salzburg.

Schaden survived the Costa Concordia disaster in 2012.

References

1954 births
Living people
University of Salzburg alumni
Social Democratic Party of Austria politicians
Mayors of places in Austria
Politicians from Salzburg


Robert Leslie Spargo (born 15 October 1939) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Spargo started as a half forward but soon established himself in the side as a centreman and it was in that position that he appeared in the 1961 VFL Grand Final loss to Hawthorn. He had his best VFL season in 1962 when he polled nine Brownlow Medal votes, placing him second behind John Schultz amongst Footscray players that year.

Spargo was lured over to West Perth in 1965, as captain-coach and he won a Simpson Medal the same year for his performance against the Victorians in an interstate match.

He comes from an Australian rules football playing family, his brother Ricky was a Footscray player as was their father, who also played for Melbourne Bob senior. A son, Paul Spargo, was an AFL footballer at North Melbourne and the Brisbane Bears. His grandson and Paul's son, Charlie Spargo plays for Melbourne and when he debuted the Spargo family became the first family to produce four league footballers in a direct line.

The family was also heavily involved in athletics with three Stawell Gift Finalists including Bob snr who ran third in both the 1936 and 1940 Stawell Gift finals, Bob Jnr who also ran in a Stawell Gift final and his brother Ricky who ran 5th in the 1974 Stawell Gift final.

References

Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.
Watt, Gary (2008). "Stawell Gift Almanac" 1st ed. Legacy Books. Page 217.

1939 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Western Bulldogs players
West Perth Football Club players
West Perth Football Club coaches
Living people


Lanko International Conference & Exhibition Tower D is a  skyscraper located in the Nan'an District of Chongqing, China.

The skyscraper was started in 2006, completed in 2010, and has 54 floors. It is a tall building complex. Other towers are 163m (45 floors) and 142m tall.

References

2010 establishments in China
Buildings and structures completed in 2010
Skyscrapers in Chongqing
Convention and exhibition centers in China


The Petersfriedhof or St. Peter's Cemetery is – together with the burial site at Nonnberg Abbey – the oldest cemetery in the Austrian city of Salzburg, located at the foot of the Festungsberg with Hohensalzburg Castle. It is one of Salzburg's most popular tourist attractions.

Closed in 1878, the site decayed until in 1930 the monks of St. Peter's successfully urged for the admission of new burials.

History

Its origins date back to about 700, when the adjacent St. Peter's Abbey (Stift St. Peter) was established by Saint Rupert of Salzburg. The abbey's cemetery, probably at the site of an even earlier burial place, was first mentioned in an 1139 deed, the oldest tombstone dates to 1288.

Catacombs
Carved into the rock of the Festungsberg are catacombs that may stem from the Early Christian days of Severinus of Noricum during the Migration Period. They include two chapels: The Maximuskapelle and the Gertraudenkapelle, consecrated in 1178 under the Salzburg Archbishop Conrad of Wittelsbach and dedicated to the assassinated Archbishop Thomas Becket of Canterbury.

A second chapel, The Margarethenkapelle (Margaret Chapel), (re-)built in 1491, occupies a site in the center of the cemetery.

Notable burials

 Santino Solari, architect (1646)
 Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber, composer (1704)
 :de:Johann Christian Paurnfeind, Salzburg mayor (1768)
 Sigmund Haffner, Salzburg mayor (1772)
 :de:Ignatz Anton von Weiser, Mozart librettist (1785)
 :de:Wolfgang Hagenauer, architect (1801)
 Michael Haydn, composer, younger brother of Joseph Haydn (1806)
 Maria Anna Mozart (Nannerl), elder sister of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1829)
 :de:Johann Georg von Hagenauer, architect, younger brother of Wolfgang Hagenauer, (1835)
 :de:Heinrich Ritter von Mertens, Salzburg mayor (1872)
 Georg Pezolt, painter (1878)
 Richard Mayr, opera singer (1935)
 Carl Mayr, artist, elder brother of Richard Mayr (1942)
 :de:Otto Pflanzl, poet (1943)
 Franz Martin, historian (1950)
 :de:Richard Hildmann, Salzburg mayor (1952)
 Harry J. Collins (1963), US Army Major General
 Bernhard Paumgartner, conductor (1971)
 :de:Gustav Kapsreiter, maecenas (1971)
 Leopoldine Wojtek, artist (1978)
 Clemens Holzmeister, architect (1983)
 Hans Lechner, politician (1994)
 :de:Georg Schuchter, actor (2001)

Other cemeteries in Salzburg
 Salzburger Kommunalfriedhof
 Sebastiansfriedhof
 Jüdischer Friedhof Salzburg
 Friedhof Maxglan
 Friedhof Aigen
 Friedhof Gnigl
 Friedhof Leopoldskron
 Friedhof Morzg
 Friedhof Liefering
 Friedhof Mülln
 Friedhof des Stiftes Nonnberg
 Soldatenfriedhof im Nonntaler Donnenbergpark

See also
 Salzburg
 Salzburgerland

External links

Buildings and structures in Salzburg
Roman Catholic cemeteries in Austria
Cemeteries in Austria
Tourist attractions in Salzburg
Catacombs
Establishments in the Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg


Dennis Blair (born 20 August 1951) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1970s.

Blair holds a place in the history of the Subiaco Football Club as a member of their drought-breaking 1973 premiership team and Simpson Medal winner for his performance at centre half back. He was picked up by Footscray later in the decade and spent three seasons in the VFL.

Dennis Blair has had a career as an eminent civil engineer in local government. His work at the city of Wanneroo spanned over thirty years and he is currently Director of Asset Services with the Shire of Kalamunda. Dennis is still an avid Western Bulldogs supporter. He is married to Jenny and is a grandfather.

References

Bibliography
Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

External links

1951 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
Western Bulldogs players
Subiaco Football Club players


Bernardo Samper García del Diestro (born April 8, 1982 in Bogotá), known as Bernardo Samper, is a professional male squash player who represented Colombia. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 57 in November 2007 after having joined the Professional Squash Association (PSA) in 2000.

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Colombian male squash players
Trinity Bantams men's squash players
Sportspeople from Bogotá
Squash players at the 2007 Pan American Games
Pan American Games gold medalists for Colombia
Pan American Games medalists in squash
South American Games gold medalists for Colombia
South American Games bronze medalists for Colombia
South American Games medalists in squash
Competitors at the 2010 South American Games
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
21st-century Colombian people

Samper family


Brandon Phelps (born September 10, 1970) is a Democratic  member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 118th District from January 2003 to September 2017. The 118th district, located in Southern Illinois, includes all or parts of Anna, Belknap, Belle Prairie City, Brookport, Broughton, Buncombe, Burnside, Cairo, Carbondale, Carrier Mills, Cave-In-Rock, Cypress, Dahlgren, Dongola, East Cape Girardeau, Eddyville, Eldorado, Elizabethtown, Equality, Galatia, Golconda, Goreville, Harrisburg, Joppa, Junction, Karnak, Makanda, Marion, McClure, McLeansboro, Metropolis, Mound City, Mounds, New Grand Chain, New Haven, Old Shawneetown, Olive Branch, Olmsted, Omaha, Pulaski, Raleigh, Ridgway, Rosiclare, Shawneetown, Simpson, Stonefort, Tamms, Thebes, Ullin, and Vienna. He resigned on September 1, 2017.

Phelps is the nephew of former U.S. Representative David D. Phelps.

Phelps sponsored the Illinois Transportation Taxes and Fees Lockbox Amendment in the Illinois House of Representatives.

References

External links
Biography, bills and committees at the 98th Illinois General Assembly
By session: 98th, 97th, 96th, 95th, 94th, 93rd
State Representative Brandon Phelps constituency site

Democratic Party members of the Illinois House of Representatives
1954 births
Living people
People from Eldorado, Illinois
21st-century American politicians
People from Harrisburg, Illinois
2020 United States presidential electors


Javier Castilla Conde (born April 18, 1981, in Bogotá) is a professional male squash player who represented Colombia. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 186 in March 2007 after having joined the Professional Squash Association (PSA) in 2006.

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
Colombian male squash players
Sportspeople from Bogotá
Squash players at the 2007 Pan American Games
Squash players at the 2011 Pan American Games
Pan American Games gold medalists for Colombia
Pan American Games medalists in squash
South American Games gold medalists for Colombia
South American Games medalists in squash
Competitors at the 2010 South American Games
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
21st-century Colombian people


Pod People may refer to:

Pod People (Invasion of the Body Snatchers), a fictional alien species in a novel by Jack Finney and three film adaptations
The Pod People, an unrelated 1983 film
Pod People (band), an Australian doom metal band
Extra Terrestrial Visitors, 1983 French-Spanish science fiction film renamed Pod People for the U.S. market

See also
Invasion of the Pod People, a 2007 film, also unrelated to the above
Conformity


Siward Barn () was an 11th-century English thegn and landowner-warrior. He appears in the extant sources in the period following the Norman Conquest of England, joining the northern resistance to William the Conqueror by the end of the 1060s. Siward's resistance continued until his capture on the Isle of Ely alongside Æthelwine, Bishop of Durham, Earl Morcar, and Hereward ("the Wake") as cited in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Siward and his confiscated properties in central and northern England were mentioned in Domesday Book, and from this it is clear that he was one of the main antecessors of Henry de Ferrers, father of Robert de Ferrers, the first Earl of Derby.

Following his capture in 1071, he was imprisoned. This incarceration lasted until 1087, when a guilt-ridden King William, in expectation of his own death, ordered Siward's release. Firm evidence of Siward's later life is non-existent, but some historians have argued that he took up a career in the Varangian Guard at Constantinople, in the service of the Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. The sources upon which this theory is based also allege that Siward led a party of English colonists to the Black Sea, who renamed their conquered territory New England.

Origins
Identifying Siward's origin is difficult for historians because of the large number of Siwards in England in the mid-11th century. Other notable Siwards include Siward of Maldon and Siward Grossus, both men of substance with landholdings larger or comparable to Siward Barn's. The Anglo-Norman writer Orderic Vitalis, when describing William the Conqueror's stay at Barking, says that Morcar, formerly Earl of Northumbria, and Edwine, Earl of Mercia, came and submitted to King William, followed by Copsi, Earl of Northumbria, along with Thurkil of Limis, Eadric the Wild, and "Ealdred and Siward, the sons of Æthelgar, grandsons [or grand-nephews] (pronepotes) of King Edward".

Edward Augustus Freeman and other historians have thought that this Siward was Siward Barn, arguing that Siward must have been a descendant of Uhtred the Bold, Earl of Northumbria, and Ælfgifu, daughter of King Æthelred the Unready, King Edward's father. Historian and translator of Orderic, Marjorie Chibnall, pointed out that this Siward is mentioned later in his Ecclesiastical History as a Shropshire landowner, in connection with the foundation of Shrewsbury Abbey. Ann Williams likewise rejected this identification, identifying this Siward firmly with the Shropshire thegn Siward Grossus. According to Williams' reconstruction, Siward Grossus and his brother Ealdred were the sons of Æthelgar by a daughter of Eadric Streona, Ealdorman of Mercia and Eadgyth, another daughter of King Æthelred, explaining the relationship Orderic believed they had with Edward the Confessor.

Another historian, Forrest Scott, guessed that Siward was a member of the family of Northumbrian earls, presumably connected in some way to Siward, Earl of Northumbria. Margaret Faull and Marie Stinson, the editors of the Philimore Domesday Book for Yorkshire, believed that Siward was "a senior member of the house of Bamburgh and possibly a brother or half-brother of Earl Gospatric". Another historian, Geoffrey Barrow, pointed out that Faull and Stinson gave no evidence for this assertion, and doubted the hypothesis because of Siward's Danish name.

In any case, Siward’s sobriquet does suggest descent from someone important in Anglo-Saxon England, quite possibly someone of royal blood; Bearn is an Old English word meaning ‘descendant’, and still exists as bairn (child) in some modern English and Scottish dialects.

From York to Ely

In 1068, there was a revolt in the north of England against the rule of King William, few details of which are recorded. It was serious enough to worry King William, who marched north and began the construction of castles at Warwick, Nottingham, York, Lincoln, Huntingdon and Cambridge.
Earl Cospatric apparently fled to Scotland and in the beginning of 1069 King William appointed the Picard Robert de Comines as the new earl of Northumbria.

During the winter the English murdered Earl Robert and Robert fitz Richard, the custodian of the new castle at York, and trapped William Malet, the first Norman sheriff of York, in the castle. King William went north in the spring or summer of 1069, relieved the siege of Malet, and restored the castle, placing William fitz Osbern in charge. The leaders of the revolt were Edgar the Ætheling (claimant to the English throne), Gospatric of Northumbria, and, among others, Mærle-Sveinn, former sheriff of Lincoln, and many senior Northumbria nobles.

In the autumn of 1069, a fleet under the Danish king Sweyn Estridsson and his brother Earl Osbjorn arrived off the coast of England. It is from this point that Siward's involvement in the revolt is documented. Orderic Vitalis related that:The Ætheling, Waltheof, Siward, and the other English leaders had joined the Danes ... The Danes reached York, and a general rising of the inhabitants swelled their ranks. Waltheof, Gospatric (Gaius Patricius), Mærle-Sveinn (Marius Suenus), Elnoc, Arnketil, and the four sons of Karle were in the advance guard and led the Danish and Norwegian forces.

What followed was William's most devastating punitive expedition, the so-called "Harrying of the North", conducted during the winter of 1069/70. After two minor engagements disadvantageous to the Danes, King William came to an agreement with Earl Osbjorn that neutralised them. William held Christmas court at the ruined city of York, and brought Waltheof and Gospatric back into his peace at the River Tees.

Siward was at Wearmouth in the summer of 1070, with Edgar and Mærle-Sveinn, while William marched to the River Tyne with his marauding army. Although William burnt down the church of Jarrow, he left Edgar's party undisturbed. Siward must have gone to Scotland in this year, for the Historia Regum reports that in 1071 Morcar (previously earl of Northumbria) and Hereward went by ship to the Isle of Ely, and that "Æthelwine, bishop of Durham, and Siward, nicknamed Barn, sailing back from Scotland" arrived there too. This is also related by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which confirms that:Bishop Æthelwine and Siweard Bearn came to Ely and many hundred men with them". It was at Ely that Siward and all the other notables, save Hereward, were captured by King William.

Confiscation and release
By 1086, perhaps soon before or after his capture, many of Siward's lands were given to the Norman warrior Henry de Ferrers, though other successors included Geoffrey de La Guerche and William d'Ecouis. According to the Domesday Book, in "the time of Edward" (TRE), or rather on the day of the death of Edward the Confessor, Siward held twenty-one manors in eight different English counties.

In Berkshire, Greenham (£8), Lockinge (£10) and Stanford in the Vale (£30; now in Oxfordshire); in Gloucestershire, Lechlade (£20); in Warwickshire, Grendon (£2), Burton Hastings (£4) and Harbury (£2); in Derbyshire, Brassington (£6), Croxhall (£3), Catton (£3), Cubley (£5), Norbury and Roston (£5), Duffield (£9), Breadhall (£4), "Wormhill" (waste) and Moreley (waste); in Nottinghamshire, Leake (£6) and Bonnington (s. 6); in Yorkshire Adlingfleet (£4); in Lincolnshire, Whitton (£10) and Haxey (5); and in Norfolk Sheringham (£4) and Salthouse (£2). Ann Williams doubted that the estates in Berkshire belonged to Siward Barn, noting the possibility that these estates belonged to Siward of Maldon.

The total value of his holdings is put at 142 libra ("pounds") and 6 solidi ("shillings"). Siward Barn ranks 21st out of all the English landowners in the time of King Edward below the rank of earl.

Nothing more is heard of Siward until 1087, the year of the death of William the Conqueror. The Chronicle of John of Worcester relates that:On his [King William's] return [from France] fierce intestinal pains afflicted him, and he got worse from day to day. When, as his illness worsened, he felt the day of his death approaching, he set free his brother, Odo, bishop of Bayeux, earls Morkar and Roger, Siward called Barn, and Wulfnoth, King Harold's brother (whom he had kept in custody since childhood), as well as all he had kept imprisoned either in England or Normandy. Then he handed the English kingdom over to William [Rufus], and granted the Norman duchy to Robert [Curthose], who was then exiled in France. In this way, fortified by the holy viaticum, he abandoned both life and kingdom on Thursday, 9 September, after ruling the English kingdom for twenty years, ten months, and twenty-eight days. A similar account is in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, recension E, though specific names are omitted. This unfortunately is also the last notice of Siward in any near-contemporary, reliable source.

Varangian and colonist?

Two modern historians, however, have argued that Siward subsequently became a mercenary in the service of the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. A French chronicle which ends in 1219, known as the Chronicon Laudunensis (or Chronicon universale anonymi Laudunensis, "the anonymous universal chronicle of Laon") and the 14th century Icelandic text, the Játvarðar Saga, a short saga devoted to the life of Edward the Confessor, both relate a story about English warriors who sail to Constantinople to escape the dominion of the Normans, and found a colony in the Black Sea called New England. The Játvarðar Saga says that the leader of this expedition was one "Siward earl of Gloucester" (Sigurð jarl af Glocestr).

Siward and his force were said to have rescued Constantinople from a siege by "heathens", after which the emperor Alexios offered Siward and his men positions in the Varangian Guard. According to both sources, Siward and some of the English expressed their desire to have a territory of their own, and so Alexius told them of a land over the sea that had formerly been part of the empire, but was now occupied by heathens. The emperor subsequently granted this land to the English, and a party led by Earl Siward sailed onwards to take control of it. The land, the sources allege, lay "6 days north and north-east of Constantinople", a distance and direction that puts the territory somewhere in or around the Crimea and Sea of Azov. Earl Siward, after many battles, defeated and drove away the heathens. The Chronicon Laudunensis says that this territory was renamed "New England", while the Játvarðar Saga claims that the towns of the land were named after English towns, including London and York. The Chronicon alleges that, later, the English rebelled against Byzantine authority and became pirates.

The theory that this Siward is Siward Barn was advocated by Jonathan Shepard and Christine Fell. Shepard pointed out, although never called "Earl of Gloucester", Siward had holdings in Gloucestershire – the only substantial Siward in Domesday Book with property in that county — and was indeed a participant in resistance to the Normans. Shepard argued that the narrative in question referred not, as the Chronicon Laudunensis had asserted, to the 1070s, but to the 1090s, after Siward's release from prison. Fell, while acknowledging that there were two Siwards participating in resistance to William the Conqueror, Siward Barn and Siward of Maldon, pointed out that Siward Barn is more prominent in the literary sources and, unlike Siward of Maldon, had property in Gloucestershire. Two other historians who have since commented on the point, John Godfrey and Ann Williams, accepted that the identification is tenuous and remained neutral.

References

Sources

External links

11th-century births
Year of death unknown
11th-century English people
Anglo-Saxon thegns
English rebels
Anglo-Saxon warriors
People from West Berkshire District
People from Vale of White Horse (district)
People from Derbyshire
People from Gloucestershire
People from Lincolnshire
People from Norfolk
People from Nottinghamshire
People from Warwickshire
People from Yorkshire
Medieval legends
English landowners


John R. Clymer (born 1941) is an American systems engineer, and professor of electrical engineering and systems engineering at California State University, Fullerton (CSUF).

Biography
Clymer received his B.S.E.E. and M.S.E.E. from Iowa State University in 1964 and 1966 respectively. In 1971, he received a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Arizona State University. His Ph.D. dissertation developed and applied Context Sensitive Systems (CSS) theory to explicitly represent and assist understanding complex, non-linear distributed adaptive systems.

In addition, Clymer is a Fellow of the Orange County, California Engineering Council; was 1992 Section Chair for IEEE of Orange County; and was a Hughes Faculty Research Award recipient from 1989-1990. He has been a member of INCOSE since its beginning, and was named INCOSE Fellow this year at IS 2008.

In education
He has been teaching since 1977. At CSUF, Dr. Clymer is a founding-member and principal investigator for the Applied Research Center for Systems Science. In addition, Clymer teaches Systems Engineering courses through the UC Irvine Extension, and he is on the board of CSUF Extension Systems Engineering Certificate Program.

He has developed advanced graduate-level courses in systems engineering. He has published 60 papers and four books covering intelligent evolutionary systems, systems design and evaluation methodology, simulation, optimization, fuzzy control, and machine learning. His international recognition was achieved through extensive participation in INCOSE; in the Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), the Systems, Man, Cybernetics Society (SMC); and the Military Operations Research Society (MORS). His latest book is Simulation-Based Engineering of Complex Systems.

In systems engineering
As a practitioner, Clymer is an expert in systems design, analysis and evaluation, and optimization. Clymer is currently a systems engineering consultant for FORELL Enterprises. In addition to his current position at FORELL, Clymer has consulted (from 1984 to present) for Raytheon, the U.S. Navy, and Rockwell International (now The Boeing Company). Prior to that, from 1966 through 1984, Dr. Clymer was a systems engineer for General Electric and U.S. Navy Fleet Analysis Center (FLTAC). At FLTAC, Dr. Clymer led the team that developed a closed-loop missile test system.

Clymer also has two U.S. patents: (1) Combined Discrete-Event and Continuous Model Simulation and Analysis Tool and (2) Guidance System.

In research
As a researcher, Clymer is internationally known in the general area of simulation-based systems engineering.  Clymer developed the OpEM graphical language based on parallel processing language concepts and mathematical linguistics. Models based on the OpEM graphical language have been successfully used for 30+ years in industry, government, and academia to perform operational modeling of complex systems. Over the years, Dr. Clymer and his project teams have developed models that include U.S. Navy destroyers, battle groups, and the Trident Submarine.

References

Further reading

External links
 "Our New INCOSE Fellows from the LA Chapter" at INCOSE LA 2008.
 John R. Clymer at ecs.fullerton.edu.

1941 births
Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering alumni
California State University, Fullerton faculty
Iowa State University alumni
Systems engineers
Living people


Firaaq (English: Separation) is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language drama film written and directed by Nandita Das. It is set one month after the 2002 violence in Gujarat, India and looks at the aftermath in its effects on the lives of everyday people. It claims to be based on "a thousand true stories". Firaaq means both separation and quest in Arabic. The film is the directorial debut of actress Nandita Das and stars Naseeruddin Shah, Deepti Naval, Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Inaamulhaq, Nassar, Paresh Rawal, Sanjay Suri, Raghubir Yadav, Shahana Goswami, Amruta Subhash and Tisca Chopra.

The film has largely been well received locally and internationally. Firaaq won three awards at the Asian Festival of First Films in Singapore in December 2008, the Special Prize at the International Thessaloniki Film Festival, and an award at the Kara Film Festival in Pakistan. It won two National Film Awards at 56th National Film Awards. The film was banned in Gujarat owing to the communally sensitive subject of the film.

Plot
Firaaq follows the life of several ordinary people, some who were victims, some silent observers, and some perpetrators one month after the 2002 violence in Gujarat. It focuses on how their lives are affected and (irrevocably) changed.

The story is set over a 24-hour period, one month after a carnage that took place in Gujarat, India in 2002. This sectarian violence killed more than 900 Muslims and 300+ Hindus (reported), hundreds of thousands were made homeless on both sides.

Khan Saheb (Naseeruddin Shah) is an elderly Muslim classical vocalist, who remains blissfully optimistic of the situation happening around him. His servant, Karim Mian (Raghubir Yadav), tries to alert him to the problems the Muslim community is facing, but Khan Saheb only realises the extent of the trauma upon seeing the destruction of a shrine dedicated to the Sufi saint, Wali Gujarati. A middle-age Hindu housewife, Aarti (Deepti Naval), is traumatised because she did not help a Muslim woman being chased by a mob and finds a way to atone for her sins upon finding Mohsin, a Muslim orphan who wanders the city in search for his family. Meanwhile, her husband, Sanjay (Paresh Rawal), and his brother, Deven (Dilip Joshi), try to bribe police officers to prevent Deven's arrest for gang-rape. Muneera (Shahana Goswami) and her husband Hanif (Nawazuddin Siddiqui), are a young Muslim couple who return home only to find it looted and burnt. Muneera struggles to relate to her Hindu neighbour Jyoti (Amruta Subash) in the following days, as she suspects her for taking part in the looting. Hanif, along with several other Muslim men, plan to retaliate against the violence and their helplessness by searching for a gun to exact revenge. Sameer Shaikh (Sanjay Suri) and Anuradha Desai (Tisca Chopra) are a wealthy, interreligious couple, whose store was burnt during the carnage. They decide to move to Delhi to escape the violence and Sameer comes into conflict with his wife's family over expressing his identity as a Muslim in India.

Through these characters we experience the consequences of violence that impact their inner and outer lives. Violence spares nobody. Yet in the midst of all this madness, some find it in their hearts to sing hopeful songs for better times.

Cast
 Naseeruddin Shah as Jaagir Khan Saheb
 Deepti Naval as Aarti
 Sanjay Suri as Sameer Arshad Shaikh
 Nawazuddin Siddiqui as Hanif
 Inaamulhaq as Munna
 Paresh Rawal as Sanjay
 Sumeet Raghavan as Dr. Subhash
 Raghubir Yadav as Karim
 Mohammad Samad as Mohsin
 Shahana Goswami as Muneera
 Amruta Subhash as Jyoti
 Tisca Chopra as Anuradha Desai
 Shafi as Ghogha
 Dr Sridhar Kumar as Police Officer
 Ruhi Singh as Sakina
 Nassar as Grave Digger
 Dilip Joshi as Deven
 Rahul Singh as Rajat, Ketaki's husband
 Jasbir Thandi as Cop at Lucky's restaurant
 Honey Chhaya as Bapuji
 Sucheta Trivedi as Ketaki
 Sakina as Ruhi

Music
Composed by Piyush Kanojia and Rajat Dholakia, the lyrics of the songs are penned by Gulzar.

Reception
Firaaq won top honours at the Asian Festival of First Films 2008 in Singapore, where it won the awards for "Best Film", "Screenplay / Script", and "Foreign Correspondents Assn. Purple Orchid Award for Best Film". The film has won awards at other international festivals, including the Special Prize award at the International Thessaloniki Film Festival in Greece, the Special Jury Award at the International Film Festival of Kerala, and the Best Editor award for Sreekar Prasad at the Dubai International Film Festival. It won an award at the Kara Film Festival in Pakistan. Gautam Sen for "its perfect use of props and choice of colours to enhance the ambience of a post-riots" won National Film Award for Best Art Direction. A. Sreekar Prasad also won a National Film Award for "aesthetically weaving together unrelated sequences to heighten the dramatic impact" in the Best Editing category at the 56th National Film Awards.

It was released in India on 20 March 2009 and received critical acclaim. Taran Adarsh in his review of the film on Bollywood Hungama called it disturbing, powerful and thought-provoking and gave it 4.5 stars out of five.

Awards and honours
2009 Kara Film Festival
Won – Best Film

2008 Asian Festival of First Films
Won – Best Film
Won – Best Screenplay
Won – Foreign Correspondents Association Purple Orchid Award for Best Film

2009 International Film Festival of Kerala
Won – Special Jury Award

2009 International Thessaloniki Film Festival
Won – Special Prize (Everyday Life: Transcendence or Reconciliation Award)
Nominated – Golden Alexander for Best Film

19th Cinequest Film Festival San Jose, USA (2009)
Won – The Maverick Spirit Award

56th National Film Awards (2009)
Best Art Direction – Gautam Sen
Best Editing – A. Sreekar Prasad

55th Filmfare Awards (2010)
Critics Award for Best Movie
Special Award – Nandita Das
Best Editing – A. Sreekar Prasad
Best Sound Design – Manas Chaudhury
Best Costume Design – Vaishali Menon

See also
Barkha Dutt

References

External links

 Review – The Hindu
 Review – Indian Express
 Review – NDTV
 Review – Upperstall
 Review – Mid Day
 Review – Zee News

2008 films
2000s Hindi-language films
Hyperlink films
Films set in India
Films set in Ahmedabad
Films about religious violence in India
Films about Hinduism
Films about Islam
Films shot in Ahmedabad
Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing National Award
Films whose production designer won the Best Production Design National Film Award
2008 directorial debut films
2002 Gujarat riots


Caínzos or Cainzos are Spanish spellings for the Basque surname Gaintza ("mountainous or pasturable land") and placename; there are two small villages in the province of Gipuzkoa, the Basque Country, northern Spain, with this name.

Historical Parish Records

On 7 October 1629, María Cainzos-Come, daughter of Bartolomé Caínzos and María Come, was baptised at the church of "Santa María de la Anunciación", in Robladillo (today, the province of Valladolid).

On 23 April 1693, María Francisca Gainza-Artaza, daughter of Diego Gainza and María Artaza, was baptised at the church of "Santa Fe", in Caparroso (province of Navarra).

Coat of arms
Over the centuries, there have been many different coat of arms associated with this surname. At the "Real Chancillería de Valladolid" there are different records for this surname amongst other "Expedientes de Hidalguía" held in their archive. Which are open for public use, genealogists and family historians.

Surname distribution
These days there are people with this surname in different parts of the world most notably in Spain and Argentina.

Spain
In accordance with the data provided by the INE 2007 the distribution of this surname in Spain is as follows:

In Galicia, where most of the people with this surname is found in the Province of A Corunna
In the Basque Country, where most people with this surname is found in Province of Biscay

Argentina
In the Province of Tucumán, where not only people with this surname were amongst the first Europeans to arrive in South America but they were, and still are, related to some of the most powerful land owner families in Argentina

People
 Jesús María Caínzos Fernández Vicepresident of BBVA since 28 January 2000
 Agustín Gaínza-Vicandi (aka "Piru") Footballer from the Basque Country in Spain, Athletic Club de Bilbao 1940s and 1950s
 Julio Cainzo  Sugar Businessman Province of Tucumán, Argentina (1880–1950).

References

Basque-language surnames


Mata Redonda is a district of the San José canton, in the San José province of Costa Rica.

Geography
Mata Redonda has an area of 3.69 km2 and an elevation of 1125 metres.

It borders with two San José cantons, Escazú and Alajuelita, and with Pavas, Uruca, Merced, Hospital and Hatillo as well.

Locations
Mata Redonda district includes the "barrios" (or neighbourhoods) of Americas, Anonos, Balcón Verde, Calle Morenos, El Rey, Holanda, La Salle, Loma Linda, Niza, Nunciatura, Rancho Luna, Roma, Urbanización Paseo Colón, and Sabana.

Demographics

For the 2011 census, Mata Redonda had a population of 8313 inhabitants.

Besides the case of Carmen, afflicted by a strong population decline, Mata Redonda district possess the lowest rate of population density in San José downtown, because within its confines lies the biggest urban park in the city, La Sabana Metropolitan Park.

Transportation

Road transportation
The district is covered by the following road routes:
 National Route 1
 National Route 27
 National Route 39
 National Route 104
 National Route 167
 National Route 176
 National Route 177

Rail transportation
The Interurbano Line operated by Incofer goes through this district.

External links
Municipalidad de San José. Distrito Mata Redonda – Website of San Jose Mayor, includes a map of the district and related info.

References

Districts of San José Province
Populated places in San José Province


Oyun Musa ("Moses Springs", عيون موسى), found 20 km south of the Ahmed Hamdi Tunnel in South Sinai, are a collection of fresh water springs said to be those in the area referred to as Elim in Exodus 15:27. This would be where Moses went with the Israelites during the Israelite Exodus after he was directed by Yahweh to throw a tree branch, possibly a barberry, into the bitter springs of Marah, making them sweet enough to drink(Exodus 15:25).

The springs are located on the main Suez to Sharm el Sheikh road behind a Bedouin village settlement of the same name.

See also
Elim (Bible)
Well of Moses

Springs of Egypt
South Sinai Governorate


INGO ARMENIA ICJSC (), generally known simply as Ingo Armenia, is an insurance company located in Yerevan, Armenia. Its products and services include, but are not limited to, CMPTL, property, health, personal accidents, liability insurance, as well as unique offerings for Armenian market such as agricultural, motor, cyber and cargo insurance packages.

Ingo Armenia was founded in 1997, and acquired by Ingosstrakh IPJSC in 2003, which for more than 70 years is one of the leading insurance companies in Russia. Currently, Ingo Armenia is the largest insurance provider in Armenia, and is 132nd of the Top 400 Taxpayers of Armenia, by 2019 rankings.

History
Armenian insurance market is relatively new, as it started developing from 1996, when was for the first time adopted Law on Insurance in Armenia. Not long after, in 1997 Ingo Armenia was founded by Levon Altunyan. Afterwards, along with the market the company started its expansion, while enriching its customer base and building trust with its partners.

In December 2003, one of the largest Russian insurance companies “Ingosstrakh” acquired entity’s 75% of shares.

While in 2006, the control of insurance market transitioned from Ministry of Finance and Economy of RA to Central Bank of Armenia, Ingo Armenia was relicensed and received a non-life insurance license from CBA APO 0005 (0014). In 2009 it was the first insurance company to be included in the list of 400 major taxpayers of Armenia.

In 2010, in the pursuit to solve major social issues CBA introduced Compulsory Motor Third Party Liability Insurance requirement, that boosted the popularity of insurance companies. As of the next year-end, Ingo Armenia had 12 specialized offices for the regulation of insurance claims and more than 400 branches and representative officers, which ensured the company’s exhaustive coverage in all regions of Armenia.

In the first quarter of 2012, Ingo Armenia announced its acquisition of Cascade Insurance CJSC, which was the daughter organization of Cascade Capital Holdings CJSC owned by US based Cafesjian Family Foundation. The latter had almost 5,000 individual and corporate customers. The key factor making this acquisition happen was the two companies’ similarity to each other in regard to their spirit and working practices.

Garnik Tonoyan, executive director of Cascade Insurance, during one of his interviews mentioned that this merger was dictated by the market, as there was a strong need for capable insurance firm with solid infrastructure to supply its operations.

2017 was not only significant because of the company’s 20th anniversary, but also was crucial as the company embarked on its journey of digitalization. With the launch of its newborn strategy, Ingo Armenia was the first Armenian insurance firm to sell CMTPL contracts online. Other approaches were digitalization of document circulation, remote accident management and more.

Historically, the company’s focus was concentrating on corporate clients. However, from 2017 up to now, Ingo Armenia introduced new products to attract retail market.

Corporate Governance

For solid 20 years, from 1997-2017, Ingo Armenia was a traditional insurance company, with branches and representatives across the whole territory of Armenia. However it was incongruent with the company’s move toward digitalization. In 2017, Ingo Armenia initiated complete restructuring to facilitate its changed operations. The company reduced its branches to:
Head Office: 51,53 Hanrapetutyan Str., 0010, Yerevan, RA․

Ingo Armenia currently has flat organizational structure that increases flexibility and improves communication across all divisions.

The company has two major shareholders: InVest-Polis JSC and Levon Altunyan. Ingosstrakh IPJSC is the parent organization of InVest-Polis JSC, with full controlling interest package.

Business

Products

Ingo Armenia offers a wide range of products to its both B2B and B2C customers. The company’s focal activity is the provision of general insurance. It has nearly 240 employees and 160,000 customers as of 2020. Brief summary of its main offerings is reflected in the table below.

As the company’s recent target is penetrating retail market, Ingo Armenia developed number of unique offerings that were absent from current product range. The most prominent of those, was Ingocare Health Insurance exclusive product, which enabled independent individuals to acquire medical insurance for their family members and them. This facilitated the company to be a leader not only in corporate medical insurance, but also in individual insurance. Other innovative products are Apartments and Private Houses insurance packet, CASCO Plus and CASCO Seasons that are special products distinctive to Armenian market.

Finances

The company’s financial performance is largely dependent upon the state of Armenian business environment as it is still in its developing stage and has a rather volatile nature. In recent years, the government has brought a renewed commitment to good governance, including anticorruption efforts, transparency, and accountability, which infuses economy participants, including Ingo Armenia with optimism toward the future.

The financial statements of the company have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as developed and published by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), and International Financial Reporting Standards Foundation (IFRS Foundation).

Functional currency of Ingo Armenia is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the company operates. The company’s functional currency and presentation currency is Armenian Dram (AMD)․

Below are the summarized figures of Ingo Armenia’s performance for the recent years, converted in USD.

Reinsurance

Some of Ingo Armenia’s multinational reinsurance partners are:

References

Insurance companies of Armenia
Financial services companies established in 1997


Shigeno may refer to:

Shigeno Station, railway station of Shinano Railway Line in Tōmi City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
12788 Shigeno, a main-belt asteroid
Battle of Shigeno, fought in the final months of 1614, was one element in the siege of Osaka

People with the surname
Shuichi Shigeno (born 1958), Japanese manga author famous for the anime and manga Initial D
Yasumasa Shigeno, Japanese politician and member of the House of Representatives for the Social Democratic Party

Japanese-language surnames


Thumlock were a stoner rock band from Wollongong. The band's name was derived from combining the words thumbscrews and hemlock. They formed in 1994 as a three piece by Ben Lough (guitar/vocals), Greg Eshman (drums) and Wayne Stokes (bass). The band released Dripping Silver Heat and then expanded with the addition of Raff Iacurto (guitar). The band signed with High Beam Music and released an EP, Lunar Mountain Sunrise, and two full length albums, Emerald Liquid Odyssey and Sojourns Lucid Magic, and broke up in 2002

Emerald Liquid Odyssey reached #4 on the Australian Independent Record chart  and was distributed by Beard of Stars in Europe. Their next album Sojourns Lucid Magic was distributed in Europe by Cargo Records.

Thumlock have been likened to ""Masters of Reality" or "Paranoid" period Black Sabbath""

After Thumlock Lough, Iacurto, Stokes and Kane Goodwin formed another band called  Remnants Of A Dead Star (R.O.A.D.S.) which released one ep Double White Lines. Stokes was a member of The Wardens and Leadfinger.

Discography
EPs
 Dripping Silver Heat (1997)
 Lunar Mountain Sunrise (1999) - High Beam Music

Albums
 Emerald Liquid Odyssey (2000) - High Beam Music
 Sojourns Lucid Magic (2002) - High Beam Music

Singles
 "Moon Dragon" (2001) - High Beam Music
 "Rockin' Course" (2001) - High Beam Music
 "Modulator" (2002) - High Beam Music

References

External links
Monolith Emerald Liquid Odyssey review
Hellride Music Liquid Emerald Odyssey (sic) review
Hellride Music Lunar Mountain Sunrise review

New South Wales musical groups


Bernolák may refer to:

13916 Bernolák, main belt asteroid with an orbital period of 1388
Anton Bernolák (1762–1813), Slovak linguist, Catholic priest and author of the first Slovak language standard
Anton Bernolák's Chapel, in Nové Zámky, Slovakia, built in 1722 in the baroque style
Field Army Bernolák, infantry unit during World War II in Jozef Tiso's Axis World War II Slovaka


Jean II de Croÿ (1390? – Valenciennes, 25 March 1473) was Count of Chimay and progenitor of the line of Croÿ-Solre. Jean belonged to the powerful House of Croÿ.

Life
Jean was the second surviving son of Jean I de Croÿ and Marie de Craon. His elder brother was Antoine I de Croÿ. He was a prominent member of the Burgundian court. He governed Hainaut and Namur in the name of the Dukes of Burgundy as grand bailli de Hainaut. Jean's dominions were centred on the town of Chimay, of which he became the first count. In 1430, he was made one of the first Knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

Jean was godfather to Charles the Bold in 1433 and to the Dauphin in 1459. In 1435 he played an important part in the formation of the Congress of Arras. He was subsequently charged with bringing the city of Amiens under Burgundian control. In 1436, Jean commanded the Burgundian-Flemish army that besieged Calais and was blamed for the complete failure of the expedition. During the Revolt of Ghent (1449–1453), he lifted the siege of Oudenaarde and in 1453, he defeated William I of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel at Thionville, securing the Duchy of Luxembourg for Burgundy.

Jean was also amongst those who took the Vow of the Pheasant in 1454. Jean had a great influence on Philip the Good, for which he was hated by Charles the Bold. When Charles the Bold came to power in 1465, he exiled Jean, as well as his son Philip I of Croÿ-Chimay and his brother Antoine I de Croÿ. Jean only reconciled with Charles in 1473, the year of his death.

Marriage and children

Jean was the progenitor of the only line of the House of Croÿ extant today, that of Croÿ-Solre.

He married Marie of Lalaing (1390–1474) and had five children.
 Jacqueline (1430–1500), married in 1463 Jean IV de Nesle
 Philip de Croy-Chimay (Mons, 1430 – Bruges, 18 September 1482), lord of Quievrain, his successor
 Jacques (1436–1516), Bishop of Cambrai
 Michel de Croy, Seigneur de Sempy (died 1516), Order of the Golden Fleece
 Catherine (1440–1515), married Adrien de Brimeu who died in the Battle of Marignano (1515)

References

Sources

Further reading
genealogy
Le roman de la manekine

1473 deaths
Belgian nobility
Knights of the Golden Fleece
Burgundian knights
House of Croÿ
Year of birth uncertain
Stadtholders of Namur


Cajigal may refer to:

12359 Cajigal, main belt asteroid with a perihelion of 2.6828106 AU
Francisco Cajigal de la Vega (born 1715), Spanish military officer, governor of Cuba from 1747 to 1760
Juan Manuel Cajigal (born 1754), Spanish Captain General born in Cádiz
Juan Manuel Cajigal Municipality, one of the 21 municipios that make up the eastern Venezuelan state of Anzoátegui
Juan Manuel Cajigal y Odoardo (1803–1856), Venezuelan mathematician, engineer and statesman


Squash competitions at the 1999 Pan American Games was held from July 23 to August 8 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Men's competition

Singles

Team

Women's competition

Singles

Team

Medal table

References
 Sports 123
 worldsquash
 squashflash

P
1999
Events at the 1999 Pan American Games


Shellie Morris  is an Indigenous Australian singer/songwriter who plays a mix of contemporary folk music and contemporary acoustic ballads.

Biography and career
Shellie Morris was raised in Sydney and began singing at an early age. She often performed in Church choirs in her twenties and in the 1990s Morris moved to Darwin, Northern Territory to find her Indigenous family. She completed a Certificate 3 in Contemporary music at N.T.U in Darwin and then began working with producer/ musician/ songwriter Glen Heald for the next ten years who produced the albums Shellie Morris and Waiting Road.

Morris toured with Yothu Yindi in 2001 and also performed with Neil Murray from the Warumpi Band. In 2002 Shellie Morris and Glen Heald co-wrote and produced the music to the play "To the inland sea" inspired by Charles Sturt's 19th Century journey to discover the mythical inland sea in the center of Australia. Morris was named best female musician at the 2004 and 2005 Northern Territory Indigenous Music Awards and her album Waiting Road was nominated for Album of the Year at the 2007 Deadly Awards. She has been featured nationally on two episodes of ABC TV's Message Stick program, Shellie Morris Swept Away and Shellie Morris in Concert. Shellie also was on the SBS show Rockwiz and once again performed "Swept Away" and also performed a unique version of "Louis Louie" with Ross Wilson.

Shellie Morris works with Indigenous / aboriginal communities and youth throughout Australia helping aboriginal people to write music about their stories and experiences. She has worked in over fifty Indigenous Communities and is an ambassador for the Fred Hollows Foundation (an organisation undertaking blindness prevention in Australian aboriginal communities, Asia, Africa and the Pacific) and an ambassador for The Jimmy Little Foundation (established to help improve kidney health in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities).

Morris is currently a featured Aboriginal singer with the Black Arm Band. (A collaboration of Australia's top indigenous artists and jazz musicians including artists such as Archie Roach) Her song "Swept Away" was orchestrated and performed in 2008 with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra. In 2009 Shellie Morris performed at the Sydney Opera house with world-renowned aboriginal musician Gurrumul Yunupingu.  Morris also performed and co-wrote the music Liberty Songs with Australian guitarist Glen Heald, a collaboration between refugees from Liberia and indigenous Australian female singers. In 2010 Shellie performed her song "Swept Away" at the opening of the Winter Olympics in Vancouver with the Black Arm Band. In 2011 Morris sang alongside the international music stars Sinéad O'Connor, John Cale, Meshell Ndegeocello, Rickie Lee Jones and aboriginal singer Gurrumul Yunupingu for the show 7 Songs to Leave Behind.  Shellie Morris was featured in the Australian film  'Murundak – Songs of freedom'  (a feature documentary on Aboriginal protest music following The Black Arm Band From the concert halls of the Sydney Opera House to remote Aboriginal communities of the Northern Territory.)

In 2011 Shellie Morris was chosen by the famous Brazilian singer Gilberto Gil to be included in his film "Viramundo" a transnational voyage of the southern hemisphere that takes Gilberto across the Australian Outback to inner-city Johannesburg and Soweto and on to the Amazon forests. Directed by Pierre-Yves Borgeaud. "The film explores different aspects of the relations between countries of the southern hemisphere," Gil says.

In 2013, she released a song album Ngambala Wiji Li-Wunungu – Together We are Strong, on ABC music with songs in several indigenous languages: Yanyuwa, Marra, Garrwa and Gurdanji. The project won the 2012 National Indigenous Music Award for Traditional Music, the 2012 Music Council of Australia's Music in Communities Award and the 2013 National Indigenous Music Award for Song of the Year for li-Anthawirriyarra a-kurija

Discography

Studio albums

Awards and nominations

Order of Australia
Morris was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2023 King's Birthday Honours for "distinguished service to the performing arts, to the Indigenous community, and to not-for-profit organisations".

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. They commenced in 1987.

!
|-
| 2013
| Together We Are Strong – Ngambala Wigi Li – Wun the Song Peoples Sessions
| ARIA Award for Best World Music Album
|
|
|-

Australian Women in Music Awards
The Australian Women in Music Awards is an annual event that celebrates outstanding women in the Australian Music Industry who have made significant and lasting contributions in their chosen field. They commenced in 2018.

|-
| 2018
| Shellie Morris
| Auriel Andrew Memorial Award
|

National Indigenous Music Awards
The National Indigenous Music Awards (NIMA) (formally NT Indigenous Music Awards) recognise excellence, dedication, innovation and outstanding contribution to the Northern Territory music industry. It commenced in 2004.

!
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="1"| 2004
| Shellie Morris
| Female Artist of the Year
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="1"| 2005
| Shellie Morris
| Female Artist of the Year
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2012
| Ngambala Wiji Li-Wunungu – Together We Are Strong (with The Borroloola Songwomen)
| Album of the Year
|
| rowspan="2"|
|-
| "Ngambala Wiji Li-Wunungu" (with The Borroloola Songwomen)
| Traditional Song of the Year
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2013
| Ngambala Wiji Li-Wunungu – Together We Are Strong (with The Borroloola Songwomen)
| Album of the Year
|
| rowspan="2"|
|-
| "Waliwaliyangu li-Anthawirriyarra a-Kurija (Saltwater People Song)" (with The Borroloola Songwomen)
| Song of the Year
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="1"| 2014
| Shellie Morris
| Artist of the Year
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="1"| 2021
| "Dharuk Gurtha" (with Jason Durrurrnga)
| Indigenous Language Award
|
|
|}

Philanthropy
Morris utilized her renowned career in music to help raise awareness for the Fred Hollows Foundation, becoming one of their distinguished ambassadors. The Fred Hollows Foundation is an international non-profit organization that educates surgeons on how to cure avoidable blindness within underserved communities and countries. Specifically, they work within the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities of Indigenous Australia.

References

External links
Shellie Morris official website
Shellie Morris website for Aboriginal children's workshops music
ABC. Life Matters Feature Interview & Music: Shellie Morris
Black Arm Band bio

Living people
Australian women singers
Indigenous Australian musicians
Members of the Stolen Generations
Officers of the Order of Australia
Year of birth missing (living people)


Tough Love (season 1) is the first season of the American reality television series Tough Love, which first aired on VH1.  The show features eight women seeking relationship advice from the host and matchmaker, Steven Ward, and his mother JoAnn Ward, both of the Philadelphia-based Master Matchmakers.

Contestants

Episode Progress

 Taylor's performance wasn't reviewed because she became ill and was taken to the hospital before group therapy in Episode 1 and returned after the challenge in Episode 2.
Note: In episode 7, there was no hot seat, but Steve dismissed Arian from the house because he felt she wasn't learning anything from him or boot camp.

 The contestant had the best progress/date of the week
 The contestant was commended for good progress/date
 The contestant had average progress/date
 The contestant had poor progress/date
 The contestant had the worst progress/date of the week
 The contestant left the show
 The contestant was asked to leave because Steve didn't think Boot Camp could help her.
 The contestant had good progress and was in the hot seat.

Episodes

What Men Really Think
First aired March 15, 2009

Challenge: First Impressions
Challenge Winner: Abiola
Weakest Participant: Jacklyn

Red Flags and White Lies
First aired March 22, 2009

Challenge: Zapper Dating
Challenge Winner: Jessa
Weakest Participant: Jody

Sex and the Male Brain
First aired March 29, 2009

Challenge: Sexy Photoshoot & Lingerie Party
Challenge Winner: Jody
Weakest Participant: Taylor

Friends Don't Let Friends Date Bitches
First aired April 5, 2009

Challenge: Bar Trivia
Challenge Winner: Taylor
Weakest Participant:  Arian

Dollars and Sex
First aired April 12, 2009

Challenge: Perception
Challenge Winner: Jody
Weakest Participant: Taylor
Left: Stasha

Dirty Little Secrets
First aired April 19, 2009

Challenge: Game Show and Secrets
Challenge Winner: Taylor
Weakest Participant: Abiola

Return of the Exes
First aired April 26, 2009

Challenge: Battling past relationships with current
Challenge Winner: Jacklyn
Left: Arian

Season Finale
First aired May 3, 2009

Left: Taylor

After the Finale

References

External links
Tough Love Official Site @ VH1.com
Tough Love - Full Episodes @ VH1.com
Meet The Cast Photos @ VH1.com

2009 American television seasons


Stenmark is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Ingemar Stenmark (born 1956), Swedish skier
 Mikael Stenmark (born 1962), Swedish philosopher
 Rigmor Stenmark (born 1940), Swedish politician

See also
 11004 Stenmark, outer main-belt asteroid

Swedish-language surnames


The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film since 1997. The Foreign Language Film award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue. , eighteen Luxembourgian films have competed for the Oscar, but none have yet been nominated.

Submissions
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1956. The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films. Following this, they vote via secret ballot to determine the five nominees for the award. Below is a list of the films that have been submitted by Luxembourg for review by the Academy for the award by year and the respective Academy Awards ceremony.

Because of Luxembourg's small size, most submitted films were co-productions with neighboring countries.

Two of Luxembourg's early submissions straddled AMPAS nationality guidelines. Helmed by a Portuguese director and set in Lisbon, Women (Elles) was filmed primarily in French, and featured a diverse lead cast from France, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States, but not Luxembourg. Dead Man's Hand was a minority Luxembourg production, which actually represented Belgium at several film festivals.

In 2006, AMPAS disqualified Your Name is Justine, arguing that Luxembourg did not have sufficient artistic control over the muilti-national film, which was directed by a Poland-based Venezuelan director, set in Germany and Poland, shot mostly in Polish and English but funded primarily by Luxembourg. The film was originally considered to represent Poland, but it failed to make Poland's four-film shortlist that year and it was subsequently selected to represent Luxembourg.

Ever since the controversy of 2006, all of Luxembourg's Oscar submissions have been directed by native-born Luxembourgian directors, with the exception of "Tel Aviv on Fire" in 2019. "Tel Aviv", directed by Sameh Zoabi, a Palestinian director who holds Israeli citizenship, was one of five films shortlisted by Israel but ended up representing Luxembourg when Israel selected Incitement instead. Although set in Israel and the West Bank, "Tel Aviv" was filmed mostly in Luxembourg with a largely locally based crew and was accepted by AMPAS to represent AMPAS.

Of Luxembourg's 18 eligible submissions, two were animated films, and three were documentaries. About half the films were mostly in French, with only five dominantly in the national language, Luxembourgish.

The late Pol Cruchten represented the country three times, more than any other Luxembourgian director.

From 2010-2012, Luxembourg's Oscar Selection Committee met each year and announced that the country would not send a film due to a lack of suitable candidates.

See also
List of Academy Award winners and nominees for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Academy Award-winning foreign language films
Cinema of Luxembourg

Notes

References

External links
The Official Academy Awards Database
The Motion Picture Credits Database
IMDb Academy Awards Page

Luxembourg
Academy Award


The Mönchsberg, at  above sea level, is one of five mountains in the city of Salzburg in Austria. It flanks the western side of Salzburg's historic city centre, and forms part of the city's UNESCO World Heritage Site.

It is named after the Benedictine monks of St Peter's Abbey at the northern foot of the mountain.

Geology
The Mönchsberg shapes Salzburg's historic townscape with its long drawn back consisting of conglomerate (Nagelfluh). The massif is a solidified river crushed stone, deposed as a delta into the interglacial see (Mindel-Riss Interglacial), which was not cleared away thereafter by the glaciers protected from the hard limestone of the adjacent Festungsberg and so remained.

Water ingressing into numerous bursts and cleavages can lead to falling stones and demolition of whole rock sections: In the early morning of 16 July 1669 tons of rock fell off the mountain on the Gstättengasse street below, killing about 230 citizens in their sleep by destroying two churches, a seminary and 13 houses. Since then there is the office of a Bergputzer (mountain inspector), filled by mountaineers who regularly and since 1778 annually dispose loose rocks and prove the condition of the mountain surface to examine. Thus a new disaster could be prevented.

History
Driven into the walls of rock above of the St Peter's Cemetery, established about 700, are Early Christian hermitages, called Katakomben (catacombs), which however never were funeral places.

Between 1137 and 1143, the Archbishop of Salzburg had the Stiftsarm branch of the  tunnelled through the mountain, in order to lead the waters into the city. This early adit system can be visited during the annual Almabkehr in September.

The Sigmundstor (colloquially Neutor) city gate, a  long tunnel with elaborate Baroque portals, was built from 1764 to 1766 through the mountain at the behest of Archbishop Sigismund von Schrattenbach; it is today one of the oldest street tunnels in Central Europe.

Large air-raid shelters in the mountain were built during World War II. After 1970 some of these were enlarged to an underground car park for more than 1400 vehicles.

Mönchsberg today
The Mönchsberg plateau offers a small-scale change of forests and meadows and therefore is a popular local recreation area for the Salzburg citizens and tourists. Castles on the Mönchsberg include:
	The Johannesschlössl, rebuilt by Archbishop Wolf Dietrich Raitenau around 1590, since 1926 a guest house of the Catholic Pallotine order.
	The archiepiscopal Marketenderschlössl, also held by the Pallottines and since 1960 a study centre run by the University of Redlands, California
	Schloss Mönchstein, which had been held by the Benedictine University of Salzburg, has been a hotel since 1948.
	The Kupelwieserschlössl, where the Austrian writer Peter Handke lived from 1979 to 1988. He described a walk over the Mönchsberg in his novella Nachmittag eines Schriftstellers (“afternoon of a writer”).

Furthermore several historic fortifications offer panoramic views over the city, to the Untersberg, the Berchtesgaden Alps and the Salzkammergut mountains:
	The Richterhöhe, which makes an excellent prospect on the south of the city and the mountain chain of the alps behind it. The fort structures are documented were first documented in 1278. Prince-archbishop Paris von Lodron strengthened it during the Thirty Years' War.
	The Bürgerwehr was established about 1487/88 with 4 towers as part of the city walls and was extended with another 4 towers after 1500.
	The Müllner Schanze with the military towers of the Augustinerpforte and Monikapforte were built by Archbishop Paris von Lodron in the years 1621 to 1644 as a three-step fortress and a part of the new city wall.
	The Humboldtterrasse, a fortification structure also erected under Paris von Lodron, offers a unique panorama toward the Salzburg old town. It was originally called Klausenkavalier and is today named after Alexander von Humboldt, who allegedly once called the areas of Salzburg, Naples and Constantinople the “most beautiful on earth”.
	The top of the Mönchsberg since 2004 is the second location of the Salzburg Museum of Modern Art. It used to be the site of the Grand Café Winkler, a popular restaurant destination, and the Salzburg Casino. Since 1890 visitors can reach the place with an elevator in the mountain. The panorama terrace adjacent to the museum is a much visited point with a view all over the old town.

Not only due to Peter Handke's stay, the Mönchsberg is frequently called the “mountain of writers”: It plays a significant role in the autobiographic work of Thomas Bernhard, but often not in the positive sense. It applies to him as „the suicide mountain“. The Austrian author Gerhard Amanshauser also was among the inhabitants of the Mönchsberg. In his autobiography “as a barbarian in the Prater” the mountain and the near Festungsberg is important.

Mountains of Salzburg
The other mountains in Salzburg are:
 Kapuzinerberg
 Rainberg
 Festungsberg
 Hellbrunner Berg

Literature in German

 Katrin Hauer: Der Bergsturz des Mönchsbergs in der Stadt Salzburg von 1669. Wahrnehmung, Deutung und Bewältigung, in: Historische Sozialkunde, Themenheft 2/2008: Naturkatastrophen (Hg. Christian Rohr), Wien 2008, 21-31.
 Reinhard Medicus: Der Mönchsberg in Natur- und Kulturgeschichte, in: Der Gardist - Jahresschrift der Bürgergarde der Stadt Salzburg, 23. Jahrgang, 2003
 Reinhard Medicus: Die Felsen des Mönchsbergs und ihre Geschichte, in: Bastei - Zeitschrift für die Erhaltung von Bauten Kultur und Gesellschaft, 53. Jahrgang, 3. Folge, Salzburg, 2004
 Reinhard Medicus: Dreißigjähriger Krieg und Müllner Schanze - Rekonstruktion einer Wehranlage , in: Bastei - Zeitschrift für die Erhaltung von Bauten Kultur und Gesellschaft, 54. Jahrgang, 1. Folge, Salzburg, 2005
 Reinhard Medicus: Die alte Bürgerwehr am Mönchsberg und ihre Geschichte, in: Bastei - Zeitschrift für die Erhaltung von Bauten Kultur und Gesellschaft, 53. Jahrgang, 2. Folge, Salzburg, 2004

References

Mountains of Salzburg


Subirachs may refer to:

134124 Subirachs (2005 AM),  a main-belt Asteroid discovered in 2005
Josep Maria Subirachs (1927–2014), Catalan sculptor and painter of the late 20th century

Catalan-language surnames


Spielvereinigung Schaffhausen is a Swiss football club based in Schaffhausen, in the north of the country. It was founded in 1922. The club colors are black and white. The club nickname is "Spielvi." The club operates a total of twenty teams, including 4 men's teams and 16 junior teams. They are known to be more active within local football than their bigger local rivals FC Schaffhausen. They currently play in the Swiss 1. Liga, the third tier of Swiss football.

History
The club was formed in 1922 by the merger of two clubs, Hollow Tree and Sportclub Schaffhausen. Between 1949 and 1951 the club were trained by Albert Sing who went on to great success as coach of BSC Young Boys.

The club played for many years in the lower echelons of Swiss football until 1990, when the club made it into the 2nd tier, the Challenge League.

Stadium
Schaffhausen play their home games at Sportplatz Bühl, a small multi-purpose stadium with a capacity of 1,000.

References

External links
 Official website
 Soccerway profile
 football.ch profile

Schaffhausen
Association football clubs established in 1922
Schaffhausen
1922 establishments in Switzerland


Haigneré may refer to:

135268 Haigneré, Main-belt asteroid
Claudie Haigneré (born 1957), French doctor, politician, and former astronaut
Jean-Pierre Haigneré (born 1948), French Air Force officer and a former CNES astronaut


In a packet-based communications network, packet aggregation is the process of joining multiple packets together into a single transmission unit, in order to reduce the overhead associated with each transmission.

Packet aggregation is useful in situations where each transmission unit may have significant overhead (preambles, headers, cyclic redundancy check, etc.) or where the expected packet size is small compared to the maximum amount of information that can be transmitted.

In a communication system based on a layered OSI model, packet aggregation may be responsible for joining multiple MSDUs into a single MPDU that can be delivered to the physical layer as a single unit for transmission.

The ITU-T G.hn standard, which provides a way to create a high-speed (up to 1 Gigabit/s) Local area network using existing home wiring (power lines, phone lines and coaxial cables), is an example of a protocol that employs packet aggregation to increase efficiency.

See also

 Packet segmentation
 Frame aggregation

Packets (information technology)


Merissa Ria Aguilleira  (born 14 December 1985) is a Trinidadian former cricketer who played as a right-handed wicket-keeper batter. She played for the West Indies between 2008 and 2019, appearing in 112 One Day Internationals and 95 Twenty20 Internationals before announcing her retirement from international cricket in April 2019. She played domestic cricket for Trinidad and Tobago.

Career
In 2007, she was named captain of Trinidad and Tobago. Another role Merissa has is as the Sports Ambassador for Atlantic LNG.

Aguillera captained the West Indies in the 2009 Women's Cricket World Cup.  A wicket keeper and top order batsman, she has played 15 One Day Internationals since making her début against the Netherlands in 2008.

In 2011, in Bangladesh, Aguilleira, along with the rest of the West Indies team, won (ICC Women’s World Cup Qualifier) four-nation tournament. She and her team also played in the 50-over World Cup Final in 2013. They played against Australia and were defeated. Earlier in Merissa’s life, she went to Moruga Composite School where she played windball cricket.

In 2015 Aguilleira was removed as captain when Pakistan women's cricket team toured West Indies, three days before they were announced as a new team. Jamaican’s Stafanie Taylor replaced her.

Aguilleira was captain of the West Indies from 2007-2015. While she was captain she took the team to the finals of the 2013 Women's Cricket World Cup and took the team to the semi-finals the last three Twenty20 World Cups.

Aguilleira along with reserve players are a part of a squad that is currently in a training camp at the West Indies High Performance Centre in Barbados. On 17 February 2013 West Indies were defeated by Australia by 114 runs in the finals. This was the ICC Women’s world cup at Barbourne Stadium. Also in 2013 Merissa Aguilleira was a nominee for Sportswoman of the Year at First Citizens Sports Foundation Awards ceremony, this was held at Queen's Hall.

In 2016 Merissa Aguilleira and the rest of the West Indies defeated New Zealand. This was in the semi-finals in the Women's ICC World Twenty20 in Mumbai, India.

She holds the record for playing the most number of WT20I matches as captain who also has kept wicket (62 matches).

In October 2018, Cricket West Indies (CWI) awarded her a women's contract for the 2018–19 season. Later the same month, she was named in the West Indies' squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies.

Outside of cricket
In 2002, alongside the Trinidad and Tobago Under-23's, Merissa played hardball cricket. Aguilleira is a part of the annual book drive in her community of Moruga. Doing this she partnered with Atlantic to help support the students in her community.

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago women cricketers
Trinidad and Tobago women cricket captains
West Indian women cricketers
West Indies women Twenty20 International cricketers
West Indies women One Day International cricketers
West Indian women cricket captains
Wicket-keepers