Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective, also known as the Expert Report, was an expert report published by the World Cancer Research Fund global network in 2007.
It reviewed all the evidence about the links between cancer and diet, physical activity and body fat and contains 10 recommendations for reducing cancer risk.

The findings of the report

The overall findings of the report were that people can reduce their risk of cancer by eating healthily, being regularly physically active and maintaining a healthy weight. The report’s findings on the links between body fat and cancer were stronger than previously thought.

The Panel’s 10 recommendations for cancer prevention are:

Body Fatness: Be as lean as possible within the normal range of body weight

Physical Activity: Be physically active as part of everyday life. Regular activity and movement has been reported to keep hormone levels healthy. Some hormones when at a high level can increase your cancer risk. Physical activity can improve the immune system. This can effectively lower cancer risk even further. Scientists recommend that people “aim for 60 minutes or more of moderate activity every day, or 30 minutes or more of vigorous activity.”

Foods and drinks that promote weight gain: Limit consumption of energy-dense foods; Avoid sugary drinks. As calorie consumption is one of the harder tasks when it comes to monitoring weight-gain, it is a very important component in reducing the risk of cancer. Foods that have been processed heavily tend to contain more sugar and fat. This method usually increases the “taste” of those foods. As a result of the processing, the calorie level in those foods tends to spike. Monitoring the size and how many portions you are consuming each day of the processed foods tends to help reduce the risk of cancer. Foods that are typically low in calorie density tend to contain higher amounts of healthy fiber and water content.

Plant Foods: Eat mostly foods of plant origin

Animal Foods: Limit intake of red meat and avoid processed meat. According to the Report in reducing cancer risks, people should not consume more than 18 ounces or 500 grams (cooked weight) per week of red meats. Heme iron is a compound that gives red meat its color. If consumed in very high amounts, it has been shown to damage the colon lining. Preserved (smoking, curing, or salting) meats has been shown to include carcinogens.

Alcoholic Drinks: Limit alcoholic drinks. AICR, although recommending that alcohol should completely be avoided, they do notice that very small amounts can have a good effect on reducing coronary heart disease. Men and women should limit their daily alcohol consumption to 2 drinks and 1 drink, respectively. Continuing from the mid-1990s, evidence has grown stronger in suggesting that alcoholic drinks can risk certain types of mouth cancer. This includes pharynx, larynx, and esophagus. Scientific studies also suggest that colorectal cancer is reduced for men as well.

Preservation, processing, and preparation: Limit consumption of salt; Avoid mouldy cereals (grains) or pulses (legumes). It has been found that high levels of salt content can increase the risk of stomach cancer. According to the report, “Most people in the United States currently consume more than 2,400 mg.” Although most foods have a high salt content they may not taste “salty” to the consumer, further increasing the risk of stomach cancer. It is recommended that sodium levels in canned goods be checked before purchase. Sodium levels should also be checked in cereals and frozen meals.

Dietary supplements: Aim to meet nutritional needs through diet alone

Breastfeeding (Special Recommendation): Mothers to breastfeed; children to be breastfed

Cancer survivors (Special Recommendation): Follow the recommendations for cancer prevention

Publishing the report

The Report took six years to produce and is thought to be the most comprehensive report of its kind. In the initial sweep, 500,000 studies were found, which were screened down to 22,000. Eventually, 7,000 were deemed relevant and met the rigorous quality criteria for definitive conclusions on cancer prevention to be drawn.

This information was then presented to an Expert Panel of 21 world-renowned scientists, which was chaired by Professor Sir Michael Marmot. The Panel reviewed the evidence and made 10 recommendations for cancer prevention.

The impact of the Expert Report

New Scientist magazine called the report a “landmark in our understanding of diet and cancer”, while The Economist called it “the most rigorous study so far on the links between food, physical activity and cancer”. In the UK, it was the front page of six national newspapers, including The Times, which described the report’s recommendations as “The new rules for defeating cancer”.

It has also been referenced in prestigious publications such as the British Medical Journal and was also cited in a Cabinet Office report setting out a framework for food policies in the UK.

Project Director of the report Professor Martin Wiseman said: “Our recommendations are based on the best science available. They are recommendations, not commandments. The whole point of them is to give people the information they need to make their everyday choices informed ones.” Cancer Research UK has said that “it would be grossly irresponsible of charities like Cancer Research UK and the WCRF to not talk about things that we know make people more likely to get cancer.”

The report has affected behaviour. A YouGov survey, commissioned by WCRF UK a year after the launch, revealed that since the launch 23 per cent of people had tried to eat more fruit and vegetables as a result of the report; 18 per cent of people had tried to watch their weight and 18 per cent of people had tried to be more physically active.

In May 2009, the report was criticised by University College London pharmacologist David Colquhoun on his blog Improbable Science. Colquhoun questioned the Expert Panel's conclusion that there is convincing evidence that processed meat is a cause of cancer, claiming that although the studies mentioned in the report show some correlation between consumption of processed meat and increased incidence of colorectal cancer, they do not demonstrate a causal relationship.

See also
American Institute for Cancer Research
Diet and cancer
World Cancer Research Fund
World Cancer Research Fund UK

References

External links

Cancer research


Jérôme Neuville (born 15 August 1975 in Saint-Martin d'Hères, Isère) is a French racing cyclist.

He had a break in his track cycling career between 1999 and 2002, during which time he competed on the road as a professional cyclist with the Crédit Agricole team (1999 to 2001), and Cofidis (2002). Cofidis did not renew his contract so in 2003, Neuvile joined the amateur club AVC Aix-en-Provence.

He has competed at 4 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Sydney, Athens and Beijing.

Palmarès

1996
1st Omnium, European Track Championships

1997
1st Omnium, European Track Championships
1st  Madison, French National Track Championships

1998
1st, Duo Normand (with Magnus Bäckstedt)

1999
1st  Madison, French National Track Championships

2001
1st  Madison, UCI Track Cycling World Championships
1st  Pursuit, French National Track Championships

2002
1st  Madison, UCI Track Cycling World Championships

2003
1st  Pursuit, French National Track Championships
1st  Madison, French National Track Championships

2005
1st  Madison, French National Track Championships

2006
1st  Scratch Race, UCI Track Cycling World Championships

References

External links

1975 births
Living people
People from Saint-Martin-d'Hères
Cyclists from Isère
French track cyclists
French male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for France
Cyclists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
UCI Track Cycling World Champions (men)


The Democratic Union of the Greek Minority – OMONOIA (), better known by its short name Omonoia (), is a social, political and cultural organization in Albania that promotes minority rights for the Greek minority in the south of the country.

Structure
Omonoia has four affiliates in the cities of Sarandë, Delvinë, Gjirokastër and Tirana, and some sub-sections in Korçë, Vlorë and Përmet. Its leading forum is the General Council consisting of 45 members, it is elected by the General Conference and held every two years.

History
The organisation was founded in 1991, after the collapse of the PPSh regime, in the village of Derviçan, by representatives of the Greek national minority. It called for the autonomy of Northern Epirus in 1991 on the basis that the rights provided for the minority under the Albanian constitution were highly precarious. This proposal was rejected and thereby spurred the organization's radical wing to 'call for Union with Greece'.

Under the name "Democratic Union of the Greek Minority", Omonoia contested the Constituent Assembly elections in March and April 1991, the first multi-party elections held since World War II. Despite receiving just 0.7% of the vote, Omonoia won five seats in the 250-seat Assembly. However, it did not contest any subsequent elections. Omonoia was banned from contesting the 1992 elections on the grounds that it violated an Albanian law forbidding the 'formation of parties on a religious, ethnic and regional basis'. This situation was contested during the following elections on behalf of Omonoia by the Unity for Human Rights Party - a party which represents the Greek minority in the Albanian parliament.

Trial of the five
In late August 1994, when an Albanian court sentenced five members (a sixth member was added later) of Omonoia to prison terms of 6–8 years on charges of treason, because they demanded that Northern Epirus be granted to Greece, and for illegal carrying of arms. Greece responded by freezing all EU aid to Albania, sealing its border with Albania, and between August–November 1994, expelling
over 115,000 illegal Albanian immigrants, a figure quoted in the US Department of State Human Rights Report and given to the American authorities by their Greek counterpart. In December 1994, however, Greece began to permit limited EU aid to Albania, while Albania released two of the Omonoia defendants and reduced the sentences of the remaining four.
Their arrest was substantially marred by procedural shortcomings in the search of their homes and offices, their detention and their trial. None of the arrestees had access to legal counsel during their initial detention. Four of the five ethnic Greek members of Omonoia stated that, during their detention, authorities subjected them to physical and psychological pressure, including beatings, sleep deprivation, and threats of torture. The Albanian Government rejected these claims. The five ethnic Greeks also complained of lack of access to their families during the first 3 months of their 4-month investigation. During their trial, a demonstration by a group of about 100 Greek lawyers, journalists, and ethnic Greek citizens of Albania took place outside the courthouse. The Albanian Police broke up the protest and detained about 20 lawyers and journalists. The members of Omonoia were eventually sentenced to 6- to 8-year terms, which were subsequently reduced on appeal.

Political motivated kidnappings
In June 1997 two political motivated kidnappings were reported of relatives of Omonoia members. One of them was the father of the Albanian opposition candidate, who has been required to withdraw her candidacy from the upcoming general elections. The second was the son-in-law of a former Omonoia chairman.

Protests against irregularities in the 2011 census
In early October 2011, the Albanian government announced that a census will be conducted throughout the country which will count the exact size of ethnic minorities for the first time after 1989. However, after proposal of the nationalist oriented PDIU, the Albanian government will fine $1,000 every citizen that will declare an ethnicity other than what was written down on his or her birth certificate, even if this certificate was written during the era of the pre-1989 communist regime were minority status was limited to only 99 villages. Omonoia responded that such a procedure contains serious irregularities and will absent in case these issues are not resolved.

This is believed to be an attempt to intimidate minorities into declaring Albanian ethnicity, as the Albanian government has furthermore additionally declared that it will prosecute anyone who does not participate in the census or refuse to declare his or her ethnicity.

Due to the irregularities in the census procedure, Omonoia representatives conducted another census in order to count the members of the ethnic Greek minority. According to this a total of 286,852 individuals were counted, which equals to ca. 10% of the population of the country. During the time the census was conducted, half of this number resided permanently in Greece, but maintained strong contacts with its homeland.

Prison sentence to Korçë branch leader
In January 2012 the leader of the Korçë branch of Omonoia, Naum Disho ( Naoum Disios), was sentenced to prison for constructing a memorial for the fallen Greek soldiers of the Greco-Italian War in Boboshticë, due to accusations of desecrating ethnic Albanian graves, however his sentence was overturned.

References

1991 establishments in Albania
Cultural organizations based in Albania
Organizations established in 1991
Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
Albanian people of Greek descent
Political parties of minorities in Albania


François Amégasse Akol (born 10 October 1965) is a Gabonese former footballer who played as a defender. He was capped 110 times by the Gabon national team, scoring nine goals, and represented Gabon at the 1994, 1996 and 2000 African Cup of Nations. Amégasse captained Gabon at the 2000 African Cup of Nations finals.

After he retired from playing, Amégasse continued to be involved in football. He was named an ambassador to the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations finals in Gabon.

See also
 List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps

References

External links

1965 births
Living people
Gabonese men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Gabon men's international footballers
FIFA Men's Century Club
1994 African Cup of Nations players
1996 African Cup of Nations players
2000 African Cup of Nations players
Mbilinga FC players
Petrosport F.C. players
21st-century Gabonese people


Johan Wallace Hagelsteen Bøgh (27 May 1848 – 22 July 1933) was a Norwegian museum director and art historian based in the city of Bergen.

Personal life
He was born in Bergen as the son of district stipendiary magistrate Ole Bøgh (1810–1872) and his wife Anna Dorothea Sagen (1809–1850). He was the brother of Albert Vilhelm Bøgh. On the maternal side he was a grandson of Lyder Sagen.

In October 1875 he married Wenche Gran (1852–1916), a daughter of merchant Christen Knagenhjelm Gran and granddaughter of politician Jens Gran. Their son Christen Gran Bøgh was a notable jurist and tourism administrator. His wife was a sister of Gerhard Gran, and his wife's sister Hanne married Gerhard Armauer Hansen.

Career
After school, Bøgh first had a short stay at the Royal Frederick University, where he became involved in the Norwegian Students' Society. He then tried his talent as a fiction writer, but failed to break through. He then held various jobs in the cultural sector in Bergen. Among others, he helped found the theatre Den Nationale Scene in 1876, was the first chairman of the board and later artistic leader during four seasons. He founded the West Norway Museum of Decorative Art in 1889, and was manager for this institution until 1931, when he retired 83 years old. The latter institution benefitted from donations from Christian Sundt and Johan Munthe. He also helped found Norske Museers Landsforbund, a forerunner of Norges Museumsforbund. After his abandoned education in Kristiania, Bøgh had undertaken independent study trips in continental Europe, and he was able to publish several books on art history. He was also involved in Bergens Kunstforening, and was an honorary member of Vestlandske Kunstindustriforening from 1932.

He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1913 to his death. He was proclaimed a Knight, First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1899, and was upgraded to Commander in 1926. He was also a Knight of the Danish Order of the Dannebrog and the Russian Order of Saint Stanislaus. He died in 1933 in Bergen.

References

1848 births
1933 deaths
Curators from Bergen
Directors of museums in Norway
Norwegian art historians
Norwegian theatre critics
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog
Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian)


KPTD may refer to:

 Potsdam Municipal Airport (ICAO code KPTD)
 KPTD-LP, a low-power television station (channel 29, virtual 51) licensed to serve Paris, Texas, United States


Suevite is a rock consisting partly of melted material, typically forming a breccia containing glass and crystal or lithic fragments, formed during an impact event. It forms part of a group of rock types and structures that are known as impactites.

Name
The word "suevite" is derived from "Suevia", Latin name of Swabia. It was suggested by Adolf Sauer in 1901.

Formation
Suevite is thought to form in and around impact craters by the sintering of molten fragments together with unmelted clasts of the country rock. Rocks formed from more completely melted material found in the crater floor are known as tagamites. Suevite is distinct from the pseudotachylite in an impact structure as the latter is thought to have formed by frictional effects within the crater floor and below the crater during the initial compression phase of the impact and the subsequent formation of the central uplift.

Occurrence
Suevite is one of the diagnostic rock-types for large impact structures. It has been described from many of the larger impact structures identified on earth.
 Nördlinger Ries
 Sudbury Basin
 Popigai impact structure
 Chicxulub crater
 Kara crater

See also
Meteorite shock stage
Shock metamorphism

References

External links

 Page on Suevites from website on Impact Structures by Kord Ernstson & Fernando Claudin

Impact event minerals


KPSO may refer to:

 The ICAO airport code for Stevens Field airport in Archuleta County, Colorado, United States
 KPSO-FM, a radio station (106.3 FM) licensed to Falfurrias, Texas, United States


Hostelling International Northern Ireland (HINI) is a not-for-profit organisation providing youth hostel accommodation in Northern Ireland. It is a member of the Hostelling International federation.

Foundation
The Youth Hostels Association of Northern Ireland was formed in 1931, around the same time as the Youth Hostels Association (England & Wales) YHA(E&W) and the Scottish Youth Hostels Association (SYHA).  All three arose from a slightly earlier proposal to form the Youth Hostel Association of Great Britain.

Like all associations, in its early days it offered spartan facilities for those on walking or cycling holidays to give them the opportunity to explore and experience the countryside in Northern Ireland.

Modern hostelling
The name of the association changed to Hostelling International Northern Ireland in the 1990s. It runs three Hostels and one affiliated Hostel. The hostels are in Belfast, Bushmills and Whitepark Bay (near Ballycastle) and the newly refurbished affiliated hostel is situated in Armagh.

All of the hostels provide a range of rooms, including private twins and doubles - and are suitable for individual backpackers, couples, families and groups.

See also
Hostelling International
Youth Hostels Association (England & Wales)
Scottish Youth Hostels Association
An Óige

References

External links
 HINI official site

Tourism in Northern Ireland
Hostelling International member associations
Walking in the United Kingdom


"Run Boy" is a free download single by electronic duo Boomkat, as well as the lead single from A Million Trillion Stars (2009).

Release
A music video for "Run Boy" was shot in the summer of 2008 in Los Angeles. The lead single, along with a visually electric music video premiered on People.com on March 3, 2009, and received generally positive reviews. The music video was produced by Megan Duffy and directed by Hannah Lux Davis. The director of photography was Brett Pawlak. The album is influenced by hip-hop of the late-80s/early-90s, the British pop invasion, new wave, and contemporary artists from Motown to the hiperati.

"I know the video is not for everyone but I want ‘the kids’ to like my music," Taryn writes on the duo's blog at MySpace. A dance cut version of the music video was also released and it showed all the dance moves used in the video. It was also noted that all the designs in the video are from Taryn Manning and Tara Jane's clothing line Born Uniqorn.

Track listing

References

2009 singles
2009 songs
Boomkat songs
Music videos directed by Hannah Lux Davis


Situ Gintung (Sundanese, Lake Gintung) is an artificial lake near to the town of Cirendeu (pronounced ) in the city of South Tangerang, Indonesia.  It was formed by a dam up to  high which was built by Dutch colonial authorities in 1933.  The dam failed on 27 March 2009, draining the lake, with resulting floods killing at least 100 people.

History
The lake and dam are located in the suburb of Cirendeu, Ciputat in South Tangerang. The dam was originally built of earth by Dutch colonial authorities in 1933 and was up to  high. It was made from earth compacted into a wall  high and the reservoir held at least  of water. The original use of the dam had been to retain water for irrigation of rice paddies which were then replaced by urban development. People living near the dam had made complaints about leaks in the past and the dam actually breached in November 2008 but no damage was done. It is thought that little maintenance had been carried out since the dam was built.

2009 flood

The area experienced several hours of heavy rain on the night of 26–27 March 2009 which caused the dam level to rise, apparently because the gate leading to the spillway was too small. The dam was overtopped, eroding the dam surface and resulting in a breach  wide at around 2 am on 27 March local time (7 pm 26 March GMT). Cracks were reportedly visible in the face of the dam embankment from around midnight. The dam operators apparently sounded a warning siren shortly before the dam failed. A surge of water and debris several metres high was sent into the town of Cirendeu, washing away cars, houses and a brick-built bridge. The flood hit while most of the population was asleep and left standing water up to  deep. Many people were trapped in the town, many townspeople took to their rooftops to avoid the floodwaters. The flood killed 98 people, and 5 more were unaccounted for. The waters also inundated around 400 homes of which 250 were damaged or destroyed, displacing 171 people. The flood submerged five power terminals cutting drinking water supplies to the nearby suburb of Lebak Bulus.

The government of Indonesia evacuated people to higher ground at a nearby university campus. Troops of the Indonesian Army were brought in to rescue survivors and to move bodies to a nearby makeshift morgue. The site of the disaster was visited by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Vice-President Yusuf Kalla and Welfare Minister Aburizal Bakrie; and the government stated that it would pay for repairs to houses damaged by the flood. Emergency repairs to the dam structure were carried out and the government began inspections of similar dam structures. President Yudhoyono promised that the cause of the disaster would be investigated, and any dam staff found to have been negligent in their duties would face court charges. Six officials have since been cited for negligence by the Indonesian Forum for the Environment.

According to the BBC the area has "an ageing, poorly maintained drainage system which struggles to cope with heavy rainfall". Floods in 2007 in the nearby capital Jakarta killed more than 50 people. Yudhoyono vowed to rebuild the dam "in a proper way so that it will not cause any further public concern".

See also

 List of drainage basins of Indonesia

References

Reservoirs in Indonesia
Dam failures in Asia
2009 floods in Asia
2009 disasters in Indonesia
Floods in Indonesia
1933 establishments
South Tangerang
Angke basin


is a Japanese voice actress and singer affiliated with I'm Enterprise. As a singer, she is signed to Warner Bros. Home Entertainment. Hayami won the 10th Seiyu Awards for Best Supporting Actress. Her most notable roles include Pramanix in Arknights, Kamisato Ayaka in Genshin Impact, Miyuki Shiba in The Irregular at Magic High School, Yukino Yukinoshita in My Youth Romantic Comedy Is Wrong, As I Expected, Leona in Dragon Quest: The Adventure of Dai, Himawari Uzumaki in Boruto: Naruto Next Generations, Shinobu Kochō in Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba, Ryuu Lion in Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon?, Yor Forger in Spy × Family, Yamato in One Piece, Yumeko Jabami in Kakegurui, and Ruby Rose in RWBY: Ice Queendom.

Biography
Hayami became interested in voice acting while attending elementary school. In 2004, she attended junior class of Nihon Narration Engi Kenkyūjo, a voice acting training school. Her career began when she passed an audition for I'm Enterprise in 2006, at the end of her second year in training school. Her voice acting debut was in the Indian Summer drama CD. In 2007, she made her anime debut and landed her first major role as Momoka Kawakabe, the main heroine in Touka Gettan. Since then, she has been active in voicing many other characters in anime-related media and other voice acting works. She placed #2 in 2015 Newtype x Machi Asobi Anime Awards for Best Voice Actress while her character Yukino Yukinoshita won Best Female Character Award. She has been hosting her own radio show Hayami Saori no Free Style since 2011 which won Best Comfort Radio in general category at 3rd Aniradi Awards in 2017.

Hayami is known for her singing mainly through her work performing anime and character theme songs, such as Kaede Takagaki in The Idolmaster Cinderella Girls franchise. Her debut single,  was released on August 12, 2015. She wrote the lyrics for all the songs in the single. The title song was used as opening theme for anime television Snow White with the Red Hair in which she voiced Shirayuki. Her second single is a double A-side single "Installation/ was released on February 3, 2015. She also took part in writing and composing both songs. The song "Sono Koe ga Chizu ni Naru" is used as the opening theme for the second season of Snow White with the Red Hair. Her first album Live Love Laugh was released on May 25, 2016. She then released a mini album live for LIVE bundled Limited Edition Live Blu-ray/DVD and CD from her first Japanese concert tour Live Love Laugh on December 21, 2016.

Filmography

Television animation

Original net animation (ONA)

Original video animation (OVA)

Theatrical animation

Drama CDs

Digital comics
 Fly High!, Meru Tachibana
 Demon Love Spell, Miiko
 Super Heroine Gakuen, Haruka Gōriki

Video games
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Platform
|-
| 2009 || Loveplus || Manaka Takane || Nintendo DS
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010 || Sora no Otoshimono Forte: Heart-Throbbing Summer Vacation || Ikaros || PlayStation Portable
|-
| Memories Off: Yubikiri no Kioku || Shiina Kodou || Xbox 360
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2011 || Sora no Otoshimono Forte: Dreamy Season || Ikaros || Nintendo DS
|-
| Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds || Lei-Lei/Hsien-Ko || Xbox 360, PlayStation 3
|-
| Tales of Xillia || Leia Rolando || PlayStation 3
|-
| Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 || Lei-Lei/Hsien-Ko ||Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2012 || Rune Factory 4 || Piko || Nintendo 3DS
|-
| Shining Blade || Elmina || PlayStation Portable
|-
| Project X Zone || Lei-Lei/Hsien-Ko || Nintendo 3DS
|-
| Tales of Xillia 2 || Leia Rolando || PlayStation 3
|-
| Under Night In-Birth || Orie || PlayStation 3, Arcade
|-
| E.X. Troopers || Tiki || Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation 3
|-
| rowspan="12" | 2013 || The Idolmaster Cinderella Girls || Kaede Takagaki || rowspan="2" | Mobile game
|-
| Ange Vierge: The Second Disciplinary Committee Girls Battle || Aurora
|-
| Getsuei Gakuen: Kou || Eiri Mizuki || PlayStation Vita
|-
| Girl Friend Beta || Haruka Kazemachi || Mobile game
|-
| Gunslinger Stratos || Lyudmila N Ignatova || Arcade, PC
|-
| Fate/Extra CCC || Meltryllis || rowspan="2" | PlayStation Portable
|-
| Shining Ark || Kilmaria
|-
| Super Robot Wars UX || Tsubasa Yuuki || Nintendo 3DS
|-
|Disorder 6 || Shina || PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
|-
| Yahari Game demo Ore no Seishun Love Come wa Machigatteiru. || Yukino Yukinoshita|| rowspan="2" |PlayStation Vita
|-
| Demon Gaze || Fran Pendoll
|-
| The Legend of Heroes: Trails of Cold Steel || Emma Millstein || PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, PC
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2014 || Dengeki Bunko: Fighting Climax || Miyuki Shiba ||
|-
| Corpse Party: Blood Drive || Kuon Niwa ||
|-
| Gunslinger Stratos 2 || Lyudmila N Ignatova || Arcade, PC
|-
| Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei: LOST ZERO || rowspan="2" | Miyuki Shiba || Mobile game
|-
| Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei: Out of Order || rowspan="2" | PlayStation Vita
|-
| Phantasy Star Nova || Juno
|-
| Shining Resonance || Kirika || PlayStation 3
|-
| The Legend of Heroes: Trails of Cold Steel II || Emma Millstein || PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, PC
|-
| rowspan="14" | 2015 || Battle Girl High School || Kurumi Tokiwa || Mobile game
|-
| BlazBlue Chrono Phantasma Extend || Mai Natsume || PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Xbox One, PC
|-
| Bloodborne: The Old Hunters || Plain Doll, Lady Maria of the Astral Clocktower|| PlayStation 4
|-
| Devil May Cry 4: Special Edition || Kyrie || PlayStation 4, Xbox One, PC
|-
| Fate/Grand Order || Atalanta, Atalanta (Alter), Ushiwakamaru, Ushiwakamaru (Assassin), Martha, Meltryllis, Mysterious Alter Ego Λ, Taira no Kagekiyo||Mobile game
|-
| Tokyo Mirage Sessions ♯FE || Caeda || Wii U
|-
| JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Eyes of Heaven || Daiya Higashikata || PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4
|-
| Kantai Collection || Graf Zeppelin, Hagikaze ||
|-
| Princess Connect! || Rei Shijo || Mobile game
|-
| Sengoku Taisen 1615 Oosaka Moyu Yo ha Yumeno Gotoku || Irohahime (Tony.ver) || Arcade
|-
| Owari no Seraph: BLOODY BLADES || rowspan="2" | Shinoa Hīragi || Mobile game
|-
| Owari no Seraph: Unmei no Hajimari || PlayStation Vita
|-
| Syanago Collection || Tesla Model S/Tesla Model S P85D, Suzuki Wagon R/Suzuki Wagon R Stingray || Mobile Game
|-
| Utawarerumono: Itsuwari no Kamen || Munechika ||PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2016 || Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney – Spirit of Justice || Rayfa Padma Khura'in || Nintendo 3DS
|-
| BlazBlue: Central Fiction || Mai Natsume || PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PC
|-
| Sengoku Taisen 1477-1615 Hinomoto Ittou he no Gunki- || Irohahime (Tony.ver), Katsurahime, Yamate-dono || Arcade
|-
| Utawarerumono: Futari no Hakuoro || Munechika ||PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita
|-
| Yahari Game demo Ore no Seishun Love Kome wa Machigatteiru. Zoku || Yukino Yukinoshita||PlayStation Vita
|-
| After School Girls Tribe||Sakuya Kanzaki|| rowspan="3" |Mobile game
|-
| Shadowverse || Ancient Elf, Silver Bolt
|-
|Girls' Frontline
|Vector
|-
| rowspan="14" | 2017 || Valkyria Revolution || Ophelia Augusta Jutland || PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita
|-
| ShinNaZuki || Linsy || rowspan="2" | Mobile game
|-
| Onmyōji || Hana
|-
| Fire Emblem Heroes ||  Caeda || iOS, Android
|-
| God Wars: Future Past || Kaguya || PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita
|-
| Magia Record: Mahou Shoujo Madoka Magica Gaiden || Oriko Mikuni || Mobile game
|-
| Fire Emblem Warriors || Caeda || Nintendo Switch, New Nintendo 3DS
|-
| Infinite Stratos: Archetype Breaker  || Vishnu Isa Galaxy  || rowspan="2" | Mobile game
|-
| The Alchemist Code || Chloe
|-
| Mabinogi Heroes || Miri (Japan) || PC
|-
| Xenoblade Chronicles 2 || Fan la Norne, Lora || Nintendo Switch
|-
| Another Eden || Mariel, Parisa || rowspan="2" | iOS, Android
|-
| Magia Record || Oriko Mikuni, Mabayu Aki
|-
| The Legend of Heroes: Trails of Cold Steel III || Emma Millstein || PlayStation 4, PC, Nintendo Switch
|-
| rowspan="11" | 2018 || BlazBlue: Cross Tag Battle || Ruby Rose, Orie, Mai Natsume || PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, PC
|-
| Langrisser Mobile || Luna || Mobile Game
|-
| Xenoblade Chronicles 2: Torna – The Golden Country || Lora, Haze || Nintendo Switch
|-
|  Valkyria Chronicles 4 ||Minerva Victor || PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch
|-
| Soukou Musume || Karina Mikazuki || rowspan="2" | Mobile game
|-
| Dragalia Lost || Elisanne
|-
| Fitness Boxing || Rin || Nintendo Switch
|-
| Food Fantasy || Cheese || Mobile game
|-
| The Legend of Heroes: Trails of Cold Steel IV || Emma Millstein || PlayStation 4
|-
| The King of Fighters All Star || Ein || rowspan="2" | Mobile game
|-
| Princess Connect! Re:Dive || Rei
|-
| rowspan="10" | 2019 || Sword Art Online: Fatal Bullet || Sachi || PlayStation 4, Xbox One, PC, Nintendo Switch
|-
| Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown || Ionela || PlayStation 4, Xbox One, PC
|-
| Azur Lane: Crosswave || Shimakaze || PlayStation 4, PC
|-
| Code Vein || Eva Roux || PlayStation 4, Xbox One, PC
|-
| Warriors Orochi 4 Ultimate || Gaia || Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PC
|-
| DanMachi : Memoria Freese || Ryu Lion || rowspan="2" | Mobile game
|-
| Arknights || Pramanix
|-
| Sakura Wars || Clarissa "Claris" Snowflake || PlayStation 4
|-
| Iron Saga || Guinevere || Mobile Game
|-
| 13 Sentinels: Aegis Rim || Ryoko Shinonome || PlayStation 4
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2020 || Tekken 7 || Kunimitsu || PlayStation 4, PC, Xbox One
|-
| Genshin Impact || Ayaka Kamisato || PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, PC, Mobile game
|-
| Demon's Souls || Maiden in Black || PlayStation 5
|-
| Fitness Boxing 2: Rhythm and Exercise || Rin || Nintendo Switch
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2021 || Birdie Crush || Martina Glow || Mobile Game
|-
|Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – The Hinokami Chronicles || Shinobu Kocho || PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, PC, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S
|-
|Shin Megami Tensei V || Tao Isonokami || Nintendo Switch
|-
|Genshin Impact || Kamisato Ayaka || PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, PC, Mobile game
|-
|Azur Lane|Shimakaze
|Mobile game
|-
|Counter:Side|Elizabeth Pendragon
|iOS, Android, PC
|-
|Super Robot Wars 30|Mitsuba Greyvalley
|PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, PC
|-
|The Idolmaster: Starlit Season || Kaede Takagaki || PlayStation 4, PC
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2022
|Monochrome Mobius: Rights and Wrongs Forgotten || Munechika || rowspan="2" | PlayStation 5, PlayStation 4, PC
|-
|Valkyrie Elysium || Taika
|-
| Mario + Rabbids Sparks of Hope || Edge || rowspan="2" | Nintendo Switch
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2023
| Fire Emblem Engage || Chloé
|-
| Blue Archive || Nagisa Kirifuji || Mobile game
|}

Dubbing

Live-action100 Days My Prince (Yeon Hong-shim / Yoon Yi-seo (Nam Ji-hyun))1987: When the Day Comes (Yeon-hee (Kim Tae-ri))Around the World in 80 Days (Abigail Fix Fortescue (Leonie Benesch))Avatar: The Way of Water (Kiri (Sigourney Weaver))Barbie (Sasha (Ariana Greenblatt))The Beguiled (Alicia (Elle Fanning))Black Beauty (Jo Green (Mackenzie Foy))Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (Riri Williams / Ironheart (Dominique Thorne))Carrie (Sue Snell (Gabriella Wilde))The Conjuring (Judy Warren (Sterling Jerins))Death on the Nile (Rosalie Otterbourne (Letitia Wright))Debris (Isla Vandeberg (Alisha Newton))Free Guy (Millie / Molotov Girl (Jodie Comer))Fright Night 2: New Blood (Amy Peterson (Sacha Parkinson))Galveston (Rocky (Elle Fanning))Geek Charming (Dylan Schoenfield (Sarah Hyland))Genius (Marie Winteler (Shannon Tarbet))Gossip Girl (Kate Keller (Tavi Gevinson))The Great (Catherine the Great (Elle Fanning))Halo (Makee (Charlie Murphy))Heidi (Klara (Isabelle Ottmann))Home Alone: The Holiday Heist (Alexis Baxter (Jodelle Ferland))Hot Summer Nights (McKayla Strawberry (Maika Monroe))House of the Dragon (Princess Ryaenyra Targaryen (Emma D'Arcy))Into the Storm (Kaitlyn (Alycia Debnam-Carey))Jurassic World Dominion (Gemma Zhao (Jasmine Chiu))The Knight of Shadows: Between Yin and Yang (Nie Xiaoqian (Zhong Chuxi))Legend of the Demon Cat ()The Lovely Bones (Susie Salmon (Saoirse Ronan))Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (Savannah Nix (Helen Buday))Me and Earl and the Dying Girl (Rachel Kushner (Olivia Cooke))The Nevers (Penance Adair (Ann Skelly))The Nice Guys (Holly March (Angourie Rice))Outlander (Brianna "Bree" Randall (Sophie Skelton))Pacific Rim Uprising (Amara Namani (Cailee Spaeny))Parasite (2021 NTV edition) (Park Da-hye (Jung Ji-so))Parental Guidance (Harper Simmons (Bailee Madison))Pinocchio (Fabiana (Kyanne Lamaya))Rebecca (New Era Movies Edition) (Mrs. de Winter (Joan Fontaine))Roman Holiday (2022 NTV edition) (Princess Ann (Audrey Hepburn))Sisters in Arms (Zara (Dilan Gwyn))Spider-Man: Far From Home (E.D.I.T.H. (Dawn Michelle King))St. Elmo's Fire (2022 The Cinema edition) (Leslie Hunter (Ally Sheedy))Station Eleven (Kirsten Raymonde (Mackenzie Davis))They Found Hell (Trish (Katy Reece))The Untamed (Jiang Yanli (Xuan Lu))Vampire Dog (Skylar (Julia Sarah Stone))Venom: Let There Be Carnage (Frances Barrison / Shriek (Naomie Harris))Winter's Tale (Beverly Penn (Jessica Brown Findlay))

AnimationThe Boss Baby: Family Business (Staci)Comfyland (Feely)Lookism (Park Ha Neul/Mirei Kagawa)RWBY (Ruby Rose)Smallfoot (Meechee)Wish Dragon (Li Na)

Anime-related songs
 Touka Gettan (TV series), theme song performance (OP/ED)
 Wagaya no Oinarisama. (TV series), theme song performance (ED)
 Sekirei (TV series), theme song Performance (OP/ED)
 Sekirei ~Pure Engagement~ (TV series), theme song performance (OP/ED)
 Sora no Otoshimono (TV series), theme song performance (OP/ED)
 Basquash! (TV series), theme song performance (OP - Eclipse)
 Towa no Quon (Movie Series), insert song performance
 MM! (TV series), theme song performance (OP/Shared)
 The World God Only Knows (TV series), theme song performance (ED/Shared)
 The World God Only Knows : Megami-Hen (TV series), theme song performance (OP)
 Yahari Ore no Seishun Love Come wa Machigatteiru (TV series), theme song performance (ED)
 Sword Art Online (TV series), character song performance
 The Idolmaster Cinderella Girls (video game), song performances
 E.X. Troopers (video game), theme song performance (insert song/ED)
 Phantasy Star (video game), theme song performance (ED)
 The Irregular at Magic High School (TV series), character song performances
 Yahari Ore no Seishun Love Come wa Machigatteiru. Zoku (TV series), theme song performance (ED)
 Show by Rock!! (video game, TV series), song performances
 Akagami no Shirayuki-hime (TV series), theme song performance (OP)
 Akagami no Shirayuki-hime 2nd Season (TV series), theme song performance (OP)Fukumenkei Noise, theme song performance (ED/insert/OP)
 Tsukimonogatari (TV series), theme song performance (OP)
 Fuuka (TV series), theme song performance (ED), character songs
 Yahari Ore no Seishun Love Come wa Machigatteiru. Kan (TV series), theme song performance (ED)
 RWBY: Ice Queendom (TV series), theme song performance (ED)
 Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? IV'' (TV series), theme song performance (ED/OP)

Discography

Singles

Albums

Studio albums

Mini albums

References

External links
Official agency profile

Saori Hayami at Warner Bros. Home Entertainment

1991 births
Living people
Anime singers
I'm Enterprise voice actors
Japanese YouTubers
Japanese video game actresses
Japanese voice actresses
Japanese women pop singers
Music YouTubers
Seiyu Award winners
Singers from Tokyo
Waseda University alumni
Voice actresses from Tokyo
21st-century Japanese actresses
21st-century Japanese women singers
21st-century Japanese singers


A split-charge diode is an electronic device used to enable simultaneous charging of multiple batteries from one power source.  The device prevents current from flowing from one battery to another while enabling the batteries to be continuously connected.

While the original devices used diodes to charge the two batteries, while keeping them separate from each other, most devices now use other configurations in order to avoid the 0.7V drop which reduces efficiency and increases power dissipation. However the name still remains.

Diodes


Jens Gran (8 October 1794 – 23 January 1881) was a Norwegian politician.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1839, 1845 and 1848, representing the constituency of Bergen.

He was the father of businesspersons Christen Knagenhjelm Gran (1822–1899) and Jens Gran, Jr. (1828–1894), and a grandfather of Gerhard Gran, Haaken Hasberg Gran and Tryggve Gran.

References

1794 births
1881 deaths
Members of the Storting
Politicians from Bergen


The  (Latin, "ecclesiastical reservation"; ) was a provision of  the Peace of Augsburg of 1555. It exempted ecclesiastical lands from the  principle of  (Latin: whose land, his religion), which the Peace established for all hereditary dynastic lands, such as those ruled by princes or dukes. Under this principle, the religion of the ruler would be the religion of the country and of its people, those being his possession by inheritance.

But this same principle would have different consequences if applied in an ecclesiastical realm, such as one ruled by a prince-bishop or an abbot. Such a realm was structurally Catholic, and its ruler was elected or appointed within the Church, having no hereditary rights.

The   declared that an ecclesiastical prince who converted to Lutheranism immediately forfeited his authority (which he had received within the Church) and the realm was not converted. His office became vacant and he would be replaced by a Catholic. The measure was inserted into the Peace by Imperial authority, as it was not supported by Protestants.  Nonetheless, the Protestants chose not to veto the measure and in return gained the  that protected Protestant knights and long-established Protestant cities and communities, including those in territories where  applied.

The measure was contested in 1583, when the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg, converted to Protestantism, specifically to Calvinism, and tried to retain his office. In the resulting Cologne War, Gebhard was supported by the Dutch Republic and the Electorate of the Palatinate. But the war was eventually won by his Catholic replacement, Ernest of Bavaria, supported by his brother William V, Duke of Bavaria, and by Philip II of Spain. The Spanish army, commanded by the Duke of Parma, physically recovered the electoral territory. Ernest's victory upheld the principle of the .

The measure continued to be a source of grievance for Protestants. After the ascension of the emperor Matthias, his new chancellor Melchior Klesl hoped to dissolve the religious alliances of the time — the Protestant Union and the Catholic League — and bring people of all faiths back under the authority of the Emperor.  In response, the Protestant Union's Assembly at Rothenburg ob der Tauber voted in March 1613 to not disband while the Catholic League was still in existence, and to ensure certain long-standing grievances were rectified, including the .

See also
 Peace of Augsburg

References

Augsburg
Augsburg
Augsburg
1555 in the Holy Roman Empire
1583 in the Holy Roman Empire
1613 in the Holy Roman Empire
1555 treaties
1555 in Christianity


In complexation catalysis, the term dynamic binding refers to any stabilizing interaction that is stronger at the transition state level than in the reactant-catalyst complex.

Being directly related to transition state stabilization, dynamic binding is the very hearth of complexation catalysis. It was defined by A.J. Kirby in 1996 as opposed to the passive binding, i.e. the whole of interactions that are equally strong at the reactant and the transition state level.

See also
Catalysis

References

Physical organic chemistry


David Stefan "Bud" Norris (March 2, 1985) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Houston Astros, Baltimore Orioles, San Diego Padres, Atlanta Braves, Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels, and St. Louis Cardinals.

Amateur career
Originally from Novato, California, Norris attended Marin Catholic High School in Kentfield, California, later transferring and graduating from San Marin High School in Novato, California, and later California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, California. At Cal Poly, Norris was a roommate as well as a teammate of fellow major league pitcher Casey Fien.

Professional career

Minor leagues
Norris was selected by the Houston Astros in the sixth round (189th overall) of the 2006 Major League Baseball draft.  In 2009, Norris received an invitation to the Astros' spring training camp. Baseball America ranked him as the number two prospect in the Astros' system.  In August 2009, he was named the Pacific Coast League Pitcher of the Year after leading the league with a 2.63 earned run average.

Houston Astros

In July 2009, Norris was called up to pitch for the Astros following an injury to pitcher Roy Oswalt. He made his major league debut on July 29, pitching three innings of relief against the Chicago Cubs. In his first major league start on August 2, 2009, he took a no-hitter into the sixth inning and pitched seven shutout innings against the St. Louis Cardinals to earn his first career victory. In his rookie season overall, Norris went 6–3 with a 4.53 ERA in ten starts. He was shut down near the end of the season to prevent potential injury.

Norris had a shaky start in 2010, with a 2–6 record and 5.97 ERA up to the All-Star break. After the All-Star break he was much better, posting a 7–4 record with a 4.18 ERA. He finished the 2010 season at 9–10 with a 4.92 ERA.

On June 8, 2011, Norris took a no-hitter into the seventh inning before former Astro Lance Berkman broke it up with his 14th home run of the season, and his fourth of the season against Houston. Norris was still able to earn the win. He finished 2011 with a win–loss record of 6–11, even though he actually pitched well, as evidenced by his 3.77 ERA. Houston's poor offense in 2011 resulted in many low-scoring losses.

Norris went 7–13 with a 4.65 ERA in 2012.  He began the season well, going 5–1 and 3.12 through May 21, but as Houston's season went rapidly downhill so did Norris'. He proceeded to go 0–12 with a 6.34 ERA during a streak of 18 starts while he battled injuries and inconsistencies. He finally ended the streak of futility on September 26 with a scoreless start on his way to a win at home against the St. Louis Cardinals and wrapped up his season with another scoreless effort and win at Wrigley Field against the Chicago Cubs. He was the last pitcher to bat at Minute Maid Park  prior to the Astros' transfer to the American League for the 2013 season.

Just before the deadline for clubs and players to exchange numbers for arbitration on January 18, 2013, Norris agreed to $3 million for the 2013 season.

Baltimore Orioles
Norris was traded to the Baltimore Orioles on July 31, 2013 for L. J. Hoes and minor league pitcher Josh Hader. On the day after the trade, the Astros were already in Baltimore playing the Orioles, so Norris switched dugouts and won the game.

Norris was ejected on May 12, 2014, when he hit Detroit Tigers outfielder Torii Hunter in the ribs with a pitch at Camden Yards, prompting both the Orioles' and Tigers' benches and bullpens to clear. Norris had also had run-ins earlier in the season with Boston Red Sox catcher David Ross and Pittsburgh Pirates infielder Neil Walker, but the Hunter incident resulted in his first major-league ejection. At the time of his ejection, Norris was tied for second in the American League (AL) with 5 hit batters in 43 innings, an average of 1 hit batter every 8.6 innings. In his prior career spanning 740 innings pitched since 2009, Norris had hit only 27 batters, an average of one every 27.4 innings.

On January 26, 2015, Norris and the Orioles agreed to a $8.8 million contract. He would get a $25,000 bonus for 180 innings and $50,000 more for 200 under Monday's agreement. Norris also would earn $50,000 each for making the All-Star Game or winning a Gold Glove. Norris was designated for assignment on July 31, and released on August 8.

San Diego Padres
On August 11, 2015, Norris signed with the San Diego Padres for the remainder of the 2015 season.

Atlanta Braves
On November 25, 2015, Norris signed a one-year, $2.5 million contract with the Atlanta Braves. He began the 2016 season in the Braves rotation, but had been moved to the bullpen by the end of April, as he had compiled a 1–4 record and 8.74 ERA in five starts. By May 20, Norris had made seven relief appearances for the team and recorded a 1.32 ERA. He returned to the rotation on June 4, in a spot start, as Mike Foltynewicz was placed on the disabled list.

Los Angeles Dodgers
On June 30, 2016, Norris was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers (along with minor leaguers Dian Toscano and Alex Grosser and cash considerations) in exchange for minor league pitchers Caleb Dirks and Philip Pfeifer.

On July 26, 2016, Norris recorded his 1,000th strikeout, in a 3–2 win against the Tampa Bay Rays. He made nine starts for the Dodgers, four relief appearances, while posting a 3–3 record, and a 6.54 ERA. For the 2016 season — combining Norris’ overall stats from the Braves and Dodgers — he tied (with Clay Buchholz) for the major league lead in grand slams allowed, with three.

Norris was designated for assignment by the Dodgers on September 20, 2016 and he was released one week later.

Los Angeles Angels
On January 30, 2017, Norris signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Angels. After a strong performance in spring training, Norris won a spot in the Angels bullpen as their long reliever. After a rash of injuries to begin the season, including to closer Cam Bedrosian, Norris was entrusted as the Angels acting closer.

On July 30, 2017 Norris surrendered a walk-off grand slam to Steve Pearce to cap a seven-run ninth inning that lifted the Toronto Blue Jays to an 11–10 victory over the Angels. This made him the first pitcher to allow two walk-off grand slams in one season since Francisco Rodriguez did in 2009 (six days prior on July 24, Norris surrendered a grand slam to Edwin Encarnación with the score tied in the bottom of the eleventh that gave the Cleveland Indians and 11–7 win over the Angels). From April 22 to August 4, Norris collected 18 saves for the Angels. He was relieved from the closer role after August 4 in favor of Bedrosian.

St. Louis Cardinals
On February 14, 2018, Norris signed a one-year contract with the St. Louis Cardinals.
On May 1, 2018, Norris was named the Cardinals closer. He finished his 2018 campaign with a 3-6 record and a 3.59 ERA along with going 28-for-33 in save opportunities in 64 games.

Toronto Blue Jays
On March 6, 2019, Norris signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays that included an invitation to spring training. Norris was released on April 2, 2019.

Philadelphia Phillies
On January 21, 2020, Norris signed a minor league deal with the Philadelphia Phillies. Norris did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. He was released by the Phillies organization on July 16.

Sugar Land Skeeters
In July 2020, Norris signed on to play for the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Constellation Energy League (a makeshift 4-team independent league created as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic) for the 2020 season.

Winnipeg Goldeyes
On July 10, 2021, Norris signed with the Winnipeg Goldeyes of the American Association of Professional Baseball. Norris recorded a 0-0 record, 0.00 ERA, and 9 strikeouts in 6 appearances with the Goldeyes. On August 10, 2021, Norris was released by the Goldeyes

Pitching style
Norris throws five pitches, although against right-handers he uses only his four-seam fastball (91–94 mph) and slider (83–87). Against lefties, he adds a changeup (85–87). Especially against righties, the slider is his favorite two-strike pitch. It also carries a whiff rate of 38%. Norris also throws a sinker and a curveball. Norris had a win–loss record of 38–49 at the end of the 2013 season.  He allowed 1.1 home runs for each nine innings and a 1.411 WHIP ratio of baserunners. He also has a high strikeouts per nine innings ratio. He has finished in the top 10 among National League pitchers in 2011 and 2012.

See also

 List of Major League Baseball single-inning strikeout leaders

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
People from Greenbrae, California
San Marin High School alumni
Baseball players from Marin County, California
Major League Baseball pitchers
Houston Astros players
Baltimore Orioles players
San Diego Padres players
Atlanta Braves players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Los Angeles Angels players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Cal Poly Mustangs baseball players
Tri-City ValleyCats players
Lexington Legends players
Salem Avalanche players
North Shore Honu players
Corpus Christi Hooks players
Scottsdale Scorpions players
Round Rock Express players
Oklahoma City RedHawks players
Bowie Baysox players
Norfolk Tides players
Rancho Cucamonga Quakes players
Inland Empire 66ers players
Sugar Land Skeeters players
Winnipeg Goldeyes players
People from Novato, California
Marin Catholic High School alumni


Mount Assurance is a mountain in New Hampshire, United States. It is close to Enfield and Mascoma Lake. It is possible to hike up the mountain.

The Shaker community in Enfield treated the peak as being sacred.

See also
 Enfield Shaker Museum

References

External links
 Photographs taken from Mount Assurance

Mountains of New Hampshire
Mountains of Grafton County, New Hampshire


Dorothy Wright Liebes (14 October 1897 – 20 September 1972) was an American textile designer and weaver renowned for her innovative, custom-designed modern fabrics for architects and interior designers. She was known as "the mother of modern weaving".

Early life

Born Dorothy Wright on October 14, 1897, in Santa Rosa, California, she was the daughter of Frederick L. Wright, a chemistry professor, and Bessie Calderwood Wright, a teacher. While studying anthropology, art, and teaching at the State Teachers College at San Jose and at the University of California, Berkeley, she was advised to experiment with textile design. She bought a small portable loom and taught herself how to weave.

In 1928, she married Leon Liebes, a businessman. They divorced in 1940, although Dorothy Liebes retained his surname professionally. In 1948 she married the Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Relman Morin.

Career

After several years as a schoolteacher, Liebes decided to become a textile designer, and studied weaving at Hull House, Chicago, and made study trips to France, Italy, Guatemala, and Mexico to learn about traditional weaving forms. After working abroad, Liebes returned to the United States and opened her eponymous studio in San Francisco. Her first studio, opened at 526 Powell Street in San Francisco in 1930, specialized in custom handwoven pieces for architects and interior designers. In 1935, Liebes met architect Frank Lloyd Wright at Taliesin in Spring Green, Wisconsin. Wright had an influence in her design philosophy. Dorothy Liebes Design, Inc. was opened in 1937, though her husband opposed, in San Francisco. By 1938 she had seventeen men and women working in her studio. In 1942, Liebes moved her studio in San Francisco to 545 Sutter Street. Following demand, she opened a second studio in New York. She relocated full-time to New York City in 1948.

Her fabrics were known for their bold color combinations and interesting textures, and often used unexpected materials such as feathers, plastics, metallics, jute, ticker tape, leather strips, and bamboo. They were commissioned by architects, including Frank Lloyd Wright, Edward Durell Stone, Miller and Pflueger and Samuel Marx. Other clients included King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia, the Ahwahnee Hotel in Yosemite, and the Paramount Theatre in Oakland, California. Her textiles were also used in airplanes, ocean liners, theatres and hotels.

The end of WWII was a pivotal moment for Liebes and her company. Synthetic materials that were created for and utilized in the war effort were then made available for domestic use. Aluminum, in particular, was of great interest to textile manufacturers. Liebes was excited and inspired by these possibilities, especially the innovative ways in which they could be worked and manipulated. She once remarked in a lecture to design students in Chicago, “Consider the shining cellophanes, dull acetates, lacquered plastics, treated leathers, artificial horsehair, non-tarnishable materials and glass threads!” Dorothy Liebes is often credited as a vital part of the California Modernist movement, and in the 1940s and 50s she was one of the most well-known textile designers in the United States. In contrast to the neutral palette of many of her modernist contemporaries, Liebes is well known for her unexpected use of materials, vibrant color and pattern. She had a penchant for combining seemingly mismatched colors in a cohesive, visually pleasing manner. Liebes famously called color a “magic elixir” and her textiles were characterized by their rich vibrant hues. She coined this the “California Look”, which quickly was referred to as the “Liebes Look”.

Dorothy Liebes was a talented weaver, but she was also a sharp businesswoman who believed that mass-produced textiles could reach wider audiences, regardless of client budgets. While still retaining a handwoven appearance, Liebes worked to design power-loomed fabric in a myriad of different styles and materials. Not only were her textiles accessible, but she made a powerful partner for industry.

Liebes was a design consultant for companies such as DuPont, Dow, Bigelow-Sanford, and Goodall Fabrics of Sanford, Maine. A promoter of textile mass-production, she advised on the development of synthetic fibers, and assisted in the development of machinery that could replicate the aesthetic irregularities and unevenesses of hand-loomed fabrics. From 1955 to 1971 Liebes acted as DuPont's home furnishings consultant. As a spokesperson for the company, she helped the general public overcome adversities to synthetic fabrics.

Liebes is recognized for introducing therapeutic craft programs for World War II veterans across America. In 1942, she was appointed as National Director, Division of Arts & Skills, American Red Cross.

From 1961 to 1972, acclaimed artist Emma Amos worked as a designer/weaver for Dorothy Liebes.

Awards
Liebes was one of the first recipients of the Neiman Marcus Fashion Award at their launch in 1938. In 1946, one of her designs was chosen best textile by the American Institute of Decorators The following year, 1947, she received the Craftsmanship Medal from the American Institute of Architects. She also received prizes and awards from Lord & Taylor, the Paris Exposition, and the Architectural League. In 1948, she received an honorary degree from Mills College and the Elsie de Wolfe Award. In 1970 Liebes received the American Craft Council Gold Medal for Consummate Craftsmanship.

Death
Due to a heart condition, Dorothy Liebes semi-retired in 1971. She died in New York City on September 20, 1972.

Legacy

Her work is held in the collection of the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Art Institute of Chicago, Smithsonian Institution's Archives of American Art, and the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology at University of California, Berkeley.

In 2023 the Cooper Hewitt held a retrospective of Liebes' work entitled  A Dark, A Light, A Bright: The Designs of Dorothy Liebes. The exhibition earned the 2022 Prize for Excellence and Innovation from the Decorative Arts Trust.

References

External links
 Dorothy Liebes survey weaves the story of her little-known but colourful career review in The Art Newspaper
 How the Mother of Modern Weaving Transformed the World of Design Smithsonian Magazine, by Sonja Anderson

1897 births
1972 deaths
American interior designers
American weavers
People from Santa Rosa, California
American textile designers
American women interior designers
20th-century American women artists
Women textile artists


Zerstörergeschwader 76 (ZG 76)  was a Zerstörer (heavy fighter; lit. "destroyer") geschwader (wing) of the German Luftwaffe during World War II.
The wing operated the Messerschmitt Bf 109 in the early phases of World War II, then the Messerschmitt Bf 110 for the duration of the war.

Created in 1939 based on the Zerstörer concept advocated by Hermann Göring, commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe, the wing was only partially equipped with the Bf 110. Some units were designated Jagdgruppe 76 and flew the Messerschmitt Bf 109 during the Phoney War. Those elements (gruppen, or groups) that operated the Bf 110 fought in the Invasion of Poland in September 1939 which began World War II. Thereafter, ZG 76 fought in the Battle of the German Bight in December 1939 which encouraged RAF Bomber Command to switch to night bombing. In April 1940 it supported the German invasion of Denmark and fought in the Norwegian Campaign. From May to October 1940 ZG 76 served in the Battle of Belgium, Battle of France and Battle of Britain. Elements of the wing fought in the German invasion of Yugoslavia, Battle of Greece and Battle of Crete. The majority of the gruppen were disbanded in late 1941 after serving in the early stages of the Defence of the Reich by defending the German-occupied Low Countries.

In 1943 ZG 76 was reformed. The Oberkommando der Luftwaffe felt the heavy fighters could be successful against the unescorted United States Army Air Force bombers. The introduction of long-range US fighter escorts in 1944 resulted in heavy casualties and operations were scaled down until the final disbandment of ZG 76 in September 1944. The remaining pilots were transferred to the Bf 109 wing Jagdgeschwader 76.

Formation
Zerstörergeschwader 76 was formed on 1 May 1939 from Zerstörergeschwader 144. I. Gruppe and II. Gruppe formed without a Geschwaderstab. The II. Gruppe was initially equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109 and was known as Jagdgruppe 176, while it retained its heavy fighter identity officially, then re-equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 110 over the winter, 1939/40. The organisation and equipment of the Zerstörergeschwader units was typical at this time. Zerstörergeschwader 26 (ZG 26—26th Destroyer Wing) was operated and organised in a similar fashion.

The Geschwaderstab was created on 15 April 1940 in Köln-Wahn. The III. Gruppe was raised on 26 June 1940 in Trier-Euren with the Messerschmitt Bf 110.

World War II

Invasion of Poland and Phoney War
On 1 September 1939 the German Wehrmacht invaded Poland beginning World War II in Europe. ZG 76 operated with one gruppe during the campaign. I./ZG 76 was based at Gablingen under the command of 6. Fliegerdivision (6th Air Division). Approximately 100 Bf 110s were combat ready for action in Poland indicating a shortfall in production. A ratio of one rotte [flight] per kampfstaffel [bomber squadron] had to suffice.

Alexander Löhr, commanding Luftflotte 4, regarded the destruction of the Polish Air Force of such importance he ordered Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen's air command to attack airfields near Krakow. I./ZG 76 was ordered to provide fighter escort for bombers from I. and III. Gruppe of Kampfgeschwader 4 (KG 4—4th Bomber Wing) and I. and III. Gruppe of Kampfgeschwader 77 (KG 77—77th Bomber Wing). The attacks on these airfields involved 150 sorties. KG 4 dropped 200 tons of bombs on 1 September. The group claimed 19 Polish fighters destroyed. Future German fighter pilots Wolfgang Falcke, Helmut Lent and Gordon Gollob made claims in aerial combat. I./ZG 76 provided effective protection to Kampfgeschwader 27 (KG 27—27th Bomber Wing) on its long-range bombing missions.

Other heavy fighter units claimed victories as well; I.(Z) Gruppe of Lehrgeschwader 1 (LG 1—1st Demonstration Wing) claimed wildly optimistic total of 34 Polish fighters shot down, while Zerstörergeschwader 2 (ZG 2—2nd Destroyer Wing) claimed 78 in the air and 50 on the ground. The true losses of Colonel Stefan Pawlikowski's Pursuit Brigade were 10 fighters destroyed and 24 "unserviceable" [presumably meaning damaged]; 62 percent of its strength. Total German losses across Poland was 25 aircraft.  The Polish loss percentage increased to 72 percent by the 5 September.

On 2 September I./ZG 76, led by Lent, claimed 11 aircraft at Dęblin, while KG 4 dropped 180 tonnes of bombs in 13 staffeln-sized operations. The aircraft destroyed were not frontline aircraft, but were from training units. Later in the day the gruppe was credited with nine Łódź Army fighters, attached to protect the Polish army on the approaches to Warsaw. Only three were actually lost. The survivors, however, lost five to Bf 109s to JGr 102. The Pursuit Brigade was transferred to an unspecified sector giving Luftwaffe bombers a free hand. The cost of the air battle to ZG 76 was three Bf 110s.

On 3 September the Zerstörergruppen escorted bombers attacking the PZL P.11 factory in Warsaw. They claimed three of the 40 defending fighters losing one. From 4 September Polish aerial resistance had been reduced, and consequently were ordered to conduct a larger number of close air support operations. I./ZG 76 was temporarily transferred to Ulrich Grauert's 1. Fliegerdivision and fought in the Battle of Iłża from 9 September.

After the Polish capitulation following the Soviet Invasion of Poland on 17 September 1939, ZG 76 reorganised in the Phoney War period. II. and III./ZG 76 finally were able to convert from the Bf 109 to Bf 110 and shed their Jadggruppe designations. ZG 76 flew protection patrols (Defence of the Reich) over the German North Sea coast in late 1939. Elements of it took part in the Battle of the Heligoland Bight on 18 December 1939 and the wing claimed five Vickers Wellington bombers shot down. RAF losses were 12 bombers destroyed, three damaged and 57 men  killed, though German claims were far higher.

Norwegian campaign
On 9 April 1940, German forces began Operation Weserübung, an invasion of Denmark and Norway. X Fliegerkorps was allocated to the operation, which was conducted in cooperation with the German Army and the Kriegsmarine. The air corps was commanded by Generalleutnant Hans Ferdinand Geisler. Only I./ZG 76 from the wing participated based at airstrips near Westerland. 3. Staffel of Zerstörergeschwader 1 (ZG 1—1st Destroyer Wing) was attached to it. The immediate objective was to secure airfields in northern Denmark to secure the air space and communications links to the Norwegian capital Oslo from Royal Navy intervention. The German invasion of Denmark was carried out in the space of 24 hours. 1./ZG 76 assisted in the seizure of Aalborg airport on the northern Danish coast granting air superiority over the Skagerrak. Signallers, ground crews, clerks and essential equipment was flown in by Junkers Ju 52s from KGzbV 1. II./KGzbV 1 flew to Oslo Airport, Fornebu to land soldiers and Fallschirmjäger battalions. Lent and 1./ZG 76 gave air cover. The staffel claimed one Royal Norwegian Air Force Gloster Gladiator in combat and two on the ground in exchange for one Ju 52. Commander Hansen and Helmut Lent maintained over claiming an RAF Coastal Command Short Sunderland probing Oslo fjord.

The Haerens Flygevåpen possessed only 24 combat aircraft (13 serviceable) and five Tiger Moth trainers. Most flew north to continue the fight against the invaders. Six aircraft, including four Curtiss P-36 Hawks, were destroyed by ZG 76. The landing at Stavanger was successful, but 3./KG 4 and 3./ZG 76 failed to prevent eight Caproni Ca.135 bombers escaping north. From Stavanger Airport, Sola, on 12 April, Hauptmann Günther Reinecke's I./ZG 76 claimed five Wellingtons on this date but the Luftwaffe could not stop the destruction of 12 aircraft and the damage to 31 others at Bergen and Stavanger-Sola to 2 May. ZG 76 carried out strafing missions countering the Åndalsnes landings and Namsos campaign. Kampfgeschwader 26 (KG 26—26th Bomber Wing) and Kampfgeschwader 1 (KG 1—1st Bomber Wing) destroyed the ammunition dumps and razed the wharves. HMS Glorious flew in Gladiator squadrons to Lesjaskogsvatnet on 24 April. In response, LG 1, escorted by Bf 110s from ZG 76 and sometimes the Zerstörergruppe (Z) of Kampfgeschwader 30 (KG 30—30th Bomber Wing), destroyed the airfield in eight hours, eliminating 19 fighters. The survivors flew to the airstrip at Setnesmoen, which was destroyed in further attacks while the last five Norwegian combat aircraft and five Moths flew north.

Further south, I./ZG 76 was less successful. On 12 April it accounted for two No. 149 Squadron Wellingtons and Squadron Leader Nolan, No. 38 Squadron. All crews were killed. Nolan was probably shot down by the future night fighter ace Helmut Woltersdorf. On 30 April RAF Bomber Command struck at Stavanger. ZG 76 lost their commanding officer, Hauptmann Günther Reinecke killed in action with British bombers, along with other flying aces Leutnant Helmut Fahlbusch and Oberfeldwebel Georg Fleischmann. Reinecke was replaced by Hauptmann Werner Restermeyer. The gruppe claimed four bombers between 20:40 and 21:00 in the last minutes of daylight preventing the action from being classified as night fighter interceptions.

ZG 76 fought in the Battles of Narvik to counter the threat from RAF fighter units operating from Bardufoss Airport. The aerial battles were complicated for ZG 76 by the introduction of the Bf 110D-0 "dachshund" belly which provided the aircraft with a 30-minute increase in endurance but at the cost of further reductions in maneuverability in an already unmanuverable aircraft in combat nimble single-seat fighters. The wing supported I./StG 1 and its bombing offensive against Bodø, which damaged much of the town. Among the final known air combats over Norway during the campaign involved Lent. Flight Lieutenant Caesar Hull was shot down by Lent on 27 May and on the 2 June No. 263 Squadron, aircraft serial number N5893 piloted by Pilot Officer J.L. Wilkie were downed. I./ZG 76 remained in Norway with Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) for air defence after the campaign. On 9 July 1940 they two units shot down seven from 12 Blenheim bombers (from No. 12 Squadron) sent to bomb Stavanger.

The Luftwaffe considered a glider-borne assault on the Allied-held airfield at Bardufoss but it had only nine gliders available. Further operations were precluded by the Allied withdrawal in view of the worsening situation in France. The cost of the campaign to the Luftwaffe was 260 aircraft, including 86 transports. 1,130 aircrew became casualties, including 341 killed, and 448 missing. They destroyed 93 of the 169 British aircraft lost including 43 in air combat, 24 by Luftwaffe-controlled anti-aircraft units. The most successful unit was ZG 76 which was credited with 16 enemy aircraft followed by JG 77 with 13.

Western Europe
Stab and II./ZG 76 was assigned to the Fliegerkorps I under the command of Generaloberst Grauert near Cologne-Wahn. On 10 May 1940 the German offensive opened with Fall Gelb, the Battle of the Netherlands and Battle of Belgium as a prelude to the larger Battle of France. During the first day of operations the heavy fighter wings flew 2,000 sorties with the Bf 109-equipped units. ZG 76 supported the southern flank of Army Group B and the northern flank of Army Group A during the Panzer Divisions dash to the English Channel following the breakthrough at Sedan from 14 May. With JG 2, JG 53 and JG 77 the wing protected the bridges over the Meuse at Sedan. The French and RAF Advanced Air Striking Force (AASF) air attacks were repulsed with heavy losses.

On 15 May it is known to have fought in combat with No. 87 Squadron over Montcornet—the site of a major battle two days later—II./ZG 76 reporting two losses. A No. 87 Squadron pilot was reported killed in this encounter. Later in the day, a known success was reported in combat with No. 3 Squadron which attempted to engage Dornier Do 17s of 8./KG 76. Two pilots are believed to have been lost to II./ZG 76. One as killed the other captured. On 18 May, II./ZG 76 flew as escorts to III./KG 76 as the group made repeated bombing raids. Over Vitry airfield, a large dogfight broke out when all available Hawker Hurricane units were scrambled to intercept. No. 79, No. 607, No. 615 and No. 151 Squadron were involved. Over Merville, Nord and Lille one 4 and one 6./ZG 76 crew were killed. Geschwaderkommodore Walter Grabmann, who flew with Stab./ZG 76 that evening was shot down and became a prisoner of war. His gunner, Feldwebel Richard Krone was killed in action. According to records, one Hurricane from B Flight, No. 111 Squadron, that arrived on the scene was shot down by a ZG 76 Bf 110. a No. 56 Squadron Hurricane pilot from B Flight, Flight Lieutenant S Soden was killed in action with II./ZG 76.

On 21 May, ZG 76 was in combat supporting German forces in the Battle of Arras. In combat with No. 229 and No. 253 Squadrons intercepting bombers from III./KG 1, the ZG 76 Bf 110s managed to down two Hurricanes; one pilot was killed while Squadron Leader Elliot was captured. One of the 9./KG 1 bombers was shot down. On 23 May, according to Fighter Command records, four fighters were lost in action with Bf 110 units killing one pilot, wounding another while two were wounded.

II./ZG 76 fought over the Dunkirk beaches during the Battle of Dunkirk. On 26 May the gruppe made a single claim against an unknown aircraft type and squadron. According to RAF Fighter Command records, two Hurricane pilots were shot down by Bf 110s this day—the pilot from No. 17 Squadron was killed and the other from No. 605 Squadron returned to his unit. Neither ZG 1, ZG 2 or ZG 26 filed any claims on 26 May. Dunkirk was a severe test for Fighter Command which had been designed as a defensive force. Fighter leaders were often forced to operate outside of British-based radar range, and thus RAF controllers in England were unable to assist in coordinating the squadrons. The Germans could dictate the terms of the battle; the when, where and height of the engagement, often in superior numbers. On 27 May four fighters were reported lost in combat with Bf 110s (two credited to Bf 110s and Junkers Ju 88 bombers) by Fighter Command.

The command staffel and II./ZG 76 continued operations with Fliegerkorps I for the duration of Fall Rot. Fliegerkorps I operated in the Brittany and Normandy sectors in a bid to stop further evacuations. The air corps failed, and Operation Aerial succeeded.

Hans-Joachim Jabs surmised his experience with ZG 76 over Europe in the Bf 110 as follows; "I flew a 110 from 10 May 1940 over France, Belgium and during the Battle of Britain. In the Me 110 we were superior to the French and Belgians, whether Morane or Curtis. But we were inferior to the Spitfire, and Hurricane as well." By the end of May 1940 Jabs had claimed six aircraft.

Battle of Britain
In August 1940 the Stabschwarme, II. and III. Gruppe based at Laval. Hitler decided that air superiority of England was required if any invasion, codenamed Operation Sea Lion proceeded. The Luftwaffe began probing attacks by day and night over England. Luftflotte 2 and Luftflotte 3 began bombing attacks on British convoys in the English Channel in the hopes of blocking the sea lanes to shipping and drawing out RAF Fighter Command and depleting its strength and a prelude to attacking airfields and aircraft factories. The Luftwaffe referred to this period as the Kanalkampf.

On 10 July the Battle of Britain opened with attacks on Channel convoy Bread. Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen ordered Fliegerkorps VIII to prepared for further operations at first light. Hugo Sperrle, commanding Luftflotte 3, ordered more Stuka attack. ZG 76 from Fliegerkorps I was tasked with performing fighter escort duties for Ju 87s of III/StG 2. No. 87, No. 238 and No. 601 Squadron intercepted and ZG 76 lost four crews protecting the Stukas over the Isle of Portland. The Ju 87s lost one from the two staffeln committed to the attack. Only one No. 601 Squadron fighter was lost, to British anti-aircraft fire. On 12 August, ZG 76 joined with ZG 2 to field 120 Bf 110s ordered to protect 100+ Ju 88s from Kampfgeschwader 51 (KG 51—51st Bomber Wing), supported by 25 Bf 109s from I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 53 (JG 53—53rd Fighter Wing). Convoys Agent and Booty were under-attack at sea, but the formation passed these and was picked up by Poling radar station south of Brighton. Fighter Command responded with large forces. 48 Hurricanes and 10 Spitfires were ordered from RAF Middle Wallop, Exeter, RAF Tangmere and RAF Warmwell to intercept. The fighters orbited to attract RAF fighters while the Ju 88s turned to attack Portsmouth. The attack destroyed many installations including Portsmouth Harbour railway station, three small vessels and oil storage tanks. Geschwaderkommodore Dr Johann-Volkmar Fisser was killed despite the escort. The RAF controllers fed their pilots piecemeal into the battle and the German fighters, denied a worthwhile target to justify breaking from their position, remained high above the battle and did not surrender it until the Ju 88s were in danger of decimation. Ten Ju 88s were shot down. ZG 2 lost three Bf 110s and four damaged while ZG 76 reported on loss and two damaged. ZG 76 were engaged by No. 609 Squadron.

On 13 August Operation Eagle Attack began with Adlertag. The official go-ahead was given at 14:00. 52 Ju 87s from StG 1 and StG 2 who were to strike at RAF Warmwell and Yeovil. II., and III./JG 53 and III./ZG 76 flew escort for the Ju 87s. Virtually all of No. 10 Group RAF scrambled to intercept. One staffel from II./StG 2 was badly hit by No. 609 Squadron; six out of nine Ju 87s were shot down. StG 1 and 2 gave up on their original targets owing to clouds. Both headed for Portland. Erprobungsgruppe 210 was sent further east for an operation to attack targets near Southend. They took off at 15:15 and were escorted by ZG 76. They found unbroken cloud over Essex. No. 56 Squadron intercepted, and Erprobungsgruppe 210 dropped their bombs over Canterbury. ZG 76 reported two losses during the mission; apparently elements of the gruppe spotted and attacked RAF Manston and lost two crews to ground fire.

On 15 August Luftflotte 5 joined the battle as the Luftwaffe attacked Fighter Command from the south, east and north. I./ZG 76 was still based in Norway and provided escort for Heinkel He 111s from I. and III./KG 26. The bombers headed for Newcastle but were intercepted by No. 605, No. 72, No. 69 and No. 41 Squadrons. Heinkel He 115 floatplanes from and 1 and 3 /506 flew toward Montrose but a three degree error by the leading He 111s caused the German formation to fly a parallel track which proved disastrous. No. 13 Group RAF were able to concentrate against the intruders. Eight He 111s from KG 26 were shot down. Seven I./ZG 26 Bf 110s were shot down protecting them. Gruppenkommandeur Hauptmann Restemeyer was killed in action. Stab, II. and III./ZG 76 lost 12 Bf 110s between them in the southeast flying escort for elements of LG 1 against RAF Worthy Down.  Gruppenkommandeur Hauptmann Dickore, III./ZG 26 was killed—two group commanders were lost this day. The day's operations cost the Luftwaffe heavy losses which prompted the crews to refer to the 15 August as "Black Thursday." Dickore was replaced by Rolf Kaldrack.

ZG 76 was back in action the following day. Heavy raids were made against airfields in southern England, though German intelligence failings often mistook RAF Bomber Command, RAF Coastal Command and Fleet Air Arm bases for fighter fields. The day's operations cost ZG 76 four crews and one damaged, from the Stab/ZG 76 in combat with No. 609 and No. 19 Squadron. The casualties were sustained when 100 aircraft from StG 2, Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing) followed by 12 Kampfgeschwader 54 (KG 54—54th Bomber Wing) Ju 88s escorted by III./ZG 76 struck at Tangmere and other airfields. ZG 76 did not participate in the battles of the 18 August—known as The Hardest Day—it reported no casualties on this date. ZG 26 made up the burden of Bf 110 operations and suffered heavy losses. 13 Bf 110s were recorded as destroyed and 6 damaged. Among their casualties were two Staffelkapitän. Little activity was recorded over the following days, the only casualty being a II./ZG 76 machine in a taxiing accident at Jersey Airport; the gruppe retained a staffel there on 24 August during the German occupation of the Channel Islands in 1940. According to German loss reports from the quartermaster general Hans-Georg von Seidel, ZG 2, V./LG 1 and ZG 76 were active on 25 August. ZG 76 reported the loss of one crew, their fate is unknown. ZG 2 reported the loss of four Bf 110s and three damaged. V./LG 1 suffered two losses and two damaged. ZG 76 reported no losses on 26 August; ZG 76 reported one severely damaged and ZG 26 lost three over Chelmsford. ZG 76's last major operation of the month occurred on 30 August. Two of its aircraft were lost and one damaged. While escorting Do 17s in the vicinity of RAF Manston, No. 85 and No. 111 Squadron intercepted the German formation by chance after initialling being vectored to investigate an unknown formation—which transpired to be Blenheims from No. 25 Squadron RAF. The action attracted No. 54 Squadron led by Alan Christopher Deere the scene and they damaged two of the bombers.

The battle reached a climax in September 1940. On 1 September, ZG 76 were flying combat operations and reported one damaged but their opponents are unknown. On 2 September Kampfgeschwader 3 (KG 3—3rd Bomber Wing) Dornier bombers were operating off Deal when No. 72 Squadron engaged; Bf 110s were reported to be present among the German escorts and the fight developed over Maidstone. ZG 76 were known to operational for the wing reported one destroyed and two damaged in air combat. ZG 2 and ZG 26 were also active reporting heavier losses—four each. The burden of operations on 3 September fell to ZG 2 and ZG 26 which reported the loss of seven and two severely damaged in total. ZG 76 claimed its 500th air victory on this date, becoming the first Luftwaffe unit to do so. Grabmann had claimed 13 aerial victories in the war so far; two on this date.

The following day, 6./ZG 76 of III. Gruppe were involved in a strategic bombing operation. The OKL issued orders on 1 September to bomb British fighter factories. The staffel flew as escort for Erprobungsgruppe 210 fighter-bombers towards Sussex, crossing the coast at Littlehampton with the objective of attacking the Brooklands factory. A simultaneous operation by 70 Do 17s and 200 Bf 109s began attacks against Canterbury, Faversham, Reigate, Redhill and Eastchurch. The formation of 20 bomb-carrying Bf 110s and their ZG76 escort were spotted by the Royal Observer Corps near Guildford at . No. 253 Squadron from Kenley was ordered to intercept. However the Erprobungsgruppe 210 fighter-bombers reached the target unmolested, but overflew the Hawker factory, and hit the Vickers works destroying the machine shops and assembly sheds for the Vickers Wellington bomber. The area was devastated and took four days to clear the rubble. 700 factory workers became casualties; 88 were killed. The specific target, the Hawker assembly plant escaped untouched and the fighter-bombers escaped without loss. However, their escort from ZG76 were bounced by the 253 squadron Hurricanes as they fled south. Several were shot down over West Clandon, West Horsley and Netley Heath on the North Downs above Shere. Only one crew member, a rear gunner, managed to bail out, and he was treated for his wounds by the doctor in Ripley, Surrey. Other Bf 110 units suffered losses in the day's fighting. LG 1 lost four and one damaged, ZG 2 suffered damage to one aircraft. Zerstörer pilots and crew were, by 5 September at least, aware of their precarious position in the skies over England and their aircraft were at a disadvantage against modern single-engine fighters.

On 15 September 1940 the Luftwaffe sent nearly 1,000 aircraft against Greater London. This date became known as the Battle of Britain Day. The Luftwaffe's attacks were repulsed with high losses though London and the Thames Estuary docks were severely damaged. LG 1 were the only wing to report losses to its Bf 110 units. Over the next two days the only recorded activity of ZG 76 was the loss of one aircraft in an accident on 17 September On 24 September Erprobungsgruppe 210 bombed the Woolston factory at Southampton on the water front. 98 people were killed and 40 wounded when the shelter was hit, but little damage occurred to the factory. ZG 76 flew as escort. The bomb-carrying Bf 110s lost one and although ZG 76 avoided losses, four suffered damage to anti-aircraft fire; two of the damaged fell into the Channel. One of the crews was rescued by a Heinkel He 59. Three days later seven Bf 110s from LG 1 and ZG 76 were lost on similar operations over England in the morning. In the afternoon ZG 76 flew missions in the Bristol area. ZG 76 lost one on this date, with another severely damaged in action with No. 17 Squadron. On 5 October ZG 76 escorted the unit to RAF West Malling. Engaged by the famed No. 303 Squadron, ZG 76 suffered no losses but their charges lost two and two damaged. Among the dead was acting group commander of Erprobungsgruppe 210, Werner Weimann.

The Bf 110, according to one analyst, has been underestimated in the Battle of Britain historiography. The statistics show Bf 110 pilots' claim-to-loss ratio was more favourable than other fighters of the battle; but German claims were usually exaggerated. German airmen claimed 3,085 British aircraft destroyed during the battle; actual RAF losses were 915. The Battle of Britain was expensive for the Zerstörer wings. The Luftwaffe began the battle with 237 serviceable Bf 110s. They lost 223 in the waging of it, with many units fighting to near extinction.

Post-Battle of Britain, Balkans, Mediterranean and Iraq

ZG 76 lingered on the Channel and in Scandinavia until late 1940. Stab/ZG 76 became Jagdfliegerführer Norwegen under Grabmann until approximately June 1941, when appears to have been disbanded. I./ZG 76, under the command of Hauptmann Heinrich Graf von Stillfried und Rattonitz, was disbanded on 7 September 1940, during the Battle of Britain in Norway and re designated II. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (NJG 1—1st Night Fighter Wing). II./ZG 76 was withdrawn to the German-occupied Netherlands, Amsterdam, then to Jever to protect the Heliogland Bight from 1 January 1941 and renamed III. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 3 (NJG 3—3rd Night Fighter Wing). In each case the pilots were retrained as night fighter pilots from 11 November 1941. It was the only gruppe to participate in the Balkans Campaign in April and May 1941. II./ZG 76 was attached to the Stab of Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1—1st Fighter Wing) and Zerst.E-Gruppe, the latter based at Wesermünde Geest. The latter group moved to Aalborg in Denmark. III./ZG 76 moved to Bergen, Norway while Stab/ZG 76 remained in Stavanger. III./ZG 76 was exiled to Norway in October 1940 under the command of Rolf Kaldrack and disbanded on 24 April 1941 to become II/SKG 210. It began reformation in 1943 but this was never completed and personnel were sent to the reformed I./ZG 76 in 1944.

ZG 76 was not recorded on Luftflotte 4's order of battle for the German invasion of Yugoslavia or the Battle of Greece on 5 April 1941. II./ZG 76 moved to Argos where one of its aircraft was damaged in a surprise attack by No. 252 Squadron on 14 May, during the build-up to the Battle of Crete. II./ZG 76 was allocated to Richthofen's Fliegerkorps VIII. On 22 May, two days into the battle, ZG 76 reported its first two losses in action over Suda Bay. A further crew was lost when the group attacked Motor Launch ML1011. The vessel was holed and one crewman killed. During the Crete operation a single staffel, 4./ZG 76, flew to Mosul, Iraq, to fight the Anglo-Iraqi War, but the venture was a failure. Among the crews that travelled was Martin Drewes who became a successful night fighter pilot. The aircraft wore Iraqi Air Force insignia. The campaign in Crete ended in a pyrrhic victory for the Germans because of the paratrooper and aircraft losses.

Defence of the Reich

In mid-1943 the Zerstörer wings experienced a brief revival. The Defence of the Reich (Reichsverteidigung—RLV) was now a priority theatre, despite the defeats on the Eastern Front and in North Africa. The RLM in Berlin decided there was merit in reforming the Bf 110 units for the firepower of the type was suitable for destroying heavy bombers over Germany. The OKL foresaw their use while the Luftwaffe still retained a measure of control over German skies and in southern European theatres in the naval escort and close air support role. Scattered Zerstörer units were recalled from Eastern Europe and Mediterranean for be reformed into wings. ZG 76 was ordered to reform in southern Germany from training and reconnaissance units. The wing was permitted two gruppen of Bf 110Gs. The wing was partially equipped with Messerschmitt Me 410s and aircrew drawn from I./NJG 101. The reformed unit was assigned to the 5. Jagddivision. ZG 76 was still in southern Germany through the winter, 1943/44. 6./ZG 76 were photographed in formation over the German Alps with drop tanks, a double 20mm cannon pod under the fuselage and armed with Werfer-Granate 21. All gruppen of ZG 76 had the Werfer-Granate 21 installed to break up American bomber formations.

Theodor Rossiwall was given command of ZG 76. Initially formed with Bf 110s but converted to the Me 410 in full by April 1944. I./ZG 76 reformed at Ansbach, II./ZG 76 at Wertheim under Major Herbert Kaminski. Hauptmann Johannes Kiel was to command III./ZG 76 from Oettingen in Bayern, but a shortage of aircraft forced the abandonment of this and the remnants were subsumed into I./ZG 76. Though faster than the Bf 110, the Me 410 was not liked by its crews. It was more difficult to bail out of, and was not as agile as the Bf 110. Some crews felt the Bf 110 could sustain much more combat damage than the Me 410.

On 4 October 1943 the US Eighth Air Force attacked targets in Frankfurt. Some 130 B-17 Flying Fortress bombers were dispatched by the 1st Bombardment Division while 168 from the 3rd Bomb Division operated against targets in the Saarland and the Saint-Dizier airbase, which had been made operational and housed II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing). 14 B-17s were ultimately lost. II./ZG 76 engaged the bomber stream alone and claimed four. They then ran into the US 56th Fighter Group, without any escorting Focke-Wulf Fw 190s or Bf 109s near Düren. The resulting dogfight was characterised by Caldwell and Richard R. Muller as a "slaughter." Nine Bf 110s and 11 men were killed with seven wounded. The dead included both group commanders. The introduction of long-range American fighter escorts in February 1944, signalled an increase in losses for the Zerstörergeschwader. On 16 March 1944, 26 of 43 Bf 110s sent by ZG 76 into battle were shot down; a devastating loss rate.

By August 1944, the German front in Normandy was on the verge of collapse at Falaise. The battles in Normandy had left the German fighter forces spread thinly; the resulting attrition having taken a toll of fighter units. II./ZG 76 was reforming and recuperating alone at Prague. Stab and I./ZG 76 were still operational but had to be used with extreme caution. They were based in Vienna under the command of the 8. Jagddivision with II./ZG 1. Only I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 302 (JG 302—302nd Fighter Wing) was assigned to the division with single-engine fighters. II./ZG 26 remained isolated in East Prussia. In the south ZG 76 formed the defences against the US Fifteenth Air Force. On 16 June 1944 the Americans attacked Vienna and Bratislava. I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 300 (JG 300—300th Fighter Wing), I./JG 302, II./ZG 1 and I./ZG 76 flew interceptions. 20 Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers were claimed along with one Lockheed P-38 Lightning and two North American P-51 Mustangs. American losses totalled nine B-24s, two B-17s, seven P-38s and one P-51s. The majority of the P-38s fell to Hungarian-flown Bf 109s. US fighter pilot claimed 40; at least 16 Axis fighters were shot down. On 20 June, the Eighth Air Force sent 1,378 bombers to targets in Hamburg, Bremen and Hannover. The only interception attempted by ZG 76 was against the 492nd Bombardment Group as the Germans flew north from Prague. They were hit by P-51s before they reached the bombers and lost three Me 410s and their crews. An attack by 667 bombers of the US Fifteenth against Vienna unfolded on the 26 June 1944. I./ZG 76 claimed three B-24s but lost eight Bf 110s. On 27 June the Fifteenth attacked Budapest. Over Lake Balaton, II./ZG 1 and I./ZG 76 took advantage of cloud cover to shoot down four B-24s from the 460th Bombardment Group. On 2 July the Americans struck at the city again. I./ZG 76 committed 20 Me 410s. I./ZG 76 reported to have found a gap in the escort and claimed 13 bombers for one Me 410. Only four bombers failed to return, however.

Disbandment
ZG 76 was disbanded and its personnel went to the reformation of Jagdgeschwader 76 (JG 76—76th Fighter Wing), equipped with the Bf 109 single-engine fighter.

Commanding officers
 Generalmajor Walter Grabmann, 15 April 1940 – 31 July 1941
 Oberstleutnant Theodor Rossiwall, August 1943 – 24 January 1944
 Oberstleutnant Robert Kowalewski, 25 January – 24 July 1944

References

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

Luftwaffe Wings
Military units and formations established in 1939
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945


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On July 11, 2019, KPSF changed their format from business talk to Christian radio, branded as "Pure Radio".

On June 1, 2022, KPSF and KXPS went silent.

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PSF
2012 establishments in California


This is a list of police officers from the Royal Malaysia Police who were killed in the line of duty, based on official records from the year 1915 to date. Line of duty deaths refers to any police officer who died while carrying out the duty that they were obligated and/or authorised to carry out. This would include officers who responded to incidents while off-duty as obligated by the Police Force Act 1967, as well as those commuting to and from their place of duty or training.

Trends

Causes of death

Victims' Profile

The ethnic profile of police officers has been traditionally disproportionate compared to the national ethnic profile, with a significantly higher proportion of ethnic Malays, especially in the earlier decades. However, the number of casualties involving ethnic Malay police officers is statistically higher overall due in part to the high mortality rates involving the ethnic Malay community during the Malayan Emergency in the 1950-1970s, and in part to the ethnic composition of the police force.

Incidents by chronology
The following cases are listed by the date of death of the Malaysian police officer, although the incident attributing to death may have occurred earlier. The indicated ranks are at the time of death and do not include posthumous promotions. Ranks/service numbers are colour-coded based on the cause of death as per the following general classifications. Uncoded entries refer to cases whereby incident details are unknown or unclear:

Key
— denotes information is not available.

1910s

1940s

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

A female Malaysia cop was also killed in a car crash on her way to duty. This took place in 2020.

See also
 List of American police officers killed in the line of duty
 List of Australian Federal Police killed in the line of duty
 List of British police officers killed in the line of duty
 List of Gardaí killed in the line of duty
 List of New Zealand police officers killed in the line of duty
 List of Singapore police officers killed in the line of duty

References

External links
 Statistics of the Incident
 Royal Malaysian Police Force

police
Lists of Malaysian people
Police officers

Royal Malaysia Police
Crime in Malaysia


Alvin J. Reines (1926–2004) was an American Reform rabbi, philosopher and theologian. He was professor of Philosophy and Theology at Hebrew Union College.

He is known for his pluralistic religious philosophy and theology of polydoxy. Polydoxy emphasizes individual autonomy and religious freedom. For Reines religious believers should be free to choose which beliefs and practices they adopt whilst respecting the right of other religious believer to do the same.  Rather than there being one correct conception of God there are many.

Reines personally conceives of God as "'the enduring possibility of being," explained as "the permanent ongoing potentiality from which the universe is continually being realized," calling this position Hylotheism.

Polydoxy is presented as the opposite of orthodoxy. A religion can be polydox or an orthodox. Reines calls for a 'polydox' approach to Judaism and religion in general.

In 1972 his students founded the Institute of Creative Judaism (ICJ) which changed its name to the Polydox Institute.

Works
 Polydoxy: Explorations in a Philosophy of Religion, (Prometheus Books, 1987)
 Maimonides and Abrabanel on Prophecy, (Hebrew Union College Press, 1970)
 "Hylotheism:  The Enduring Possibility of Being and Process Theology". In Jewish Theology and Process Thought, eds. Sandra B. Lubarsky and David R. Griffin (State University of New York Press, 1996), 255–87.

References

External links
 http://www.polydoxy.org

1926 births
2004 deaths
American Jewish theologians
American Reform rabbis
Harvard University alumni
Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion alumni
Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion faculty
Jewish philosophers
Philosophers of Judaism
Process theologians
Religious pluralism