Carl Maria Splett (17 January 1898 – 5 March 1964) was a German Roman Catholic priest and Bishop of Danzig (Gdańsk); his role during World War II, especially as apostolic administrator of the Diocese of Culm, is controversial. After World War II he was put on trial and imprisoned in Poland for his alleged collaboration with the Nazi regime, and later deported to West Germany.

Early life
Splett was born in Zoppot (Sopot) to the teacher and later vice-president of the Free City of Danzig's Parliament (Volkstag), Franz Splett. He attended school in Konitz (Chojnice), Neustadt (Wejherowo) and Danzig (Gdańsk), where he passed his Abitur in 1917. Splett studied Theology and Philosophy at the Seminary of the Diocese of Kulm in Pelplin, where he also learned Polish. He was ordained on 10 July 1921 and after graduating at Pelplin he was sent to Rome for further studies, especially in Canon law, and practiced at the Sacra Rota Romana.

Splett returned to Danzig in 1924 and became a vicar at several congregations within the then Apostolic Administration of Danzig (elevated to diocese in 1925). He was further promoted to cathedral capitular of Oliva in 1935. According to Czesław Madajczyk, Splett had close relations with Nazi Albert Forster, and pursued plans to replace Polish clergy with German ones. Bolesław Kumor claims he provided Forster with housing when the Nazi official first arrived in the city, and Forster in return supported Splett politically; as a result Splett enjoyed full support from the Nazi party. Forster praised Splett's work for Nazis saying, "This is my man, I can fully rely on his work"

Splett succeeded Edward O'Rourke as the head of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Danzig in 1938. While the Nazis, who ruled the Free State of Danzig since 1933, tried to install their own candidate Paul Schütz as successor of Bishop O'Rourke, Splett was appointed as bishop by the pope. Splett also refused to appoint Schütz as vicar general as demanded by the local Nazis. Zofia Waszkiewicz claims he was supported by Nazi Forster who became his protector.

Splett himself on 20 April 1939 ordered churches to ring bells celebrating Hitler's 50th birthday as well as ordering prayers on his behalf.

World War II

Splett held the position as Bishop of Danzig also after the German annexation of the Free City during World War II. On 4 September, Splett issued a letter to churches where he praised the German invasion of Poland and Nazi annexation of the city, and recommended his flock to pray for God's blessing on Adolf Hitler. Immediately after the invasion, the Nazi gauleiter  Albert Forster demanded the Vatican appointment of  Splett as Apostolic Administrator of the Diocese of Culm. The Polish bishop Wojciech Okoniewski was forced to flee in the face of the Nazi invasion and his auxiliary Konstantyn Dominik was interned by Nazis. The Vatican had its doubts, but Pope Pius XII on 6 December 1939 agreed to the Nazi demands. His appointment was protested by the Polish Government in Exile as a violation of a concordat signed with Rome.  Splett had close relations to Nazi Albert Forster, who praised Splett's work for Germany. Splett replaced Polish clergy with Germans, introducing 200 German priests into the Chełmno diocese where he took office from December 1939. After the invasion of Poland seven of the twelve Polish priests and four German priests of his diocese were murdered,. Under his reign Polish priesthood was oppressed and prayers and Masses under his direction praised Hitler. He also issued a ban against use of the Polish language in churches. When he banned confessions in Polish in May 1940, the Vatican intervened and ordered that the ban be lifted. Not only did Splett defend his ban, he argued it was to "protect" people making the confessions. After this argument he tried to claim that confessions in Polish are used for "nationalistic means". Eventually the Vatican accepted his explanation. Besides banning the Polish language, Splett ordered removal of Polish signs and names in cemeteries from monuments and graves and in all churches under his jurisdiction. When a family asked him to save three imprisoned Polish priests in Stuthoff camp he told them that "Polish priests are no apostles but traitors."

Bohdan Pietka states that Splett through his obedient and servile attitude towards Nazis not only led to the destruction of Polish religious life in the city but also by his indifferent attitude contributed to brutal extermination of Polish clergy and plunder of Polish churches.

According to Samerski, several parishes were seized and after Splett initially refused to prohibit the usage of Polish in his diocese another six Priests were arrested by the Gestapo, which forced him to ban the usage of Polish in his Diocese in April/May 1940.

According to Dieter Schenk, on 5 September 1939 Splett protested against the arrest of Catholic priests and in February 1940 Splett sent a list of Catholic priests who were victims of persecution after the German invasion of Poland to the Reichskanzlei, the German Red Cross, the Wehrmacht High Command, the Reichssicherheitshauptamt, and the Gauleitung. Peter Raina points out that the priests Splett sought to protect were mostly of German ethnicity and not Polish. Schenk stresses that Splett did not collaborate but bowed to the murderous pressure of the Nazis, while Peter Raina disputes that he was under any pressure or danger, and states that Splett's actions were done in full awareness.

On 8 October 1940 the Nazi Gauleiter Albert Forster praised  Splett stating that he "continues to fulfill all my wishes and orders".

In October 1942 Splett wrote to Field Marshal Goering a letter in which he declared himself a "German bishop" and stated his willingness and dedication to the spread of German culture to all churches in his diocese. In the letter he listed efforts made by him to pursue Germanization of Polish territories and boasted that by doing this he "fulfilled to no end his duty as a German bishop."

Post World War II

Trial in Poland
He remained in Gdansk after the Soviet Union occupied the city in March 1945 and was arrested by the Red Army on 25 March 1945, but soon released. He continued administering to the remaining Catholic inhabitants, who had not escaped, as well as the newly arriving Polish settlers.. In the beginning of August 1945 Polish Cardinal August Hlond requested Splett to resign from his position, which Splett refused to do. On 9 August Splett was arrested by Polish officials and put on trial for collaboration and oppression of the Polish People. The trial involved 36 people out of which 22 were priests and 4 nuns

Stefan Samerski reports that throughout custody Hlond pretended Pope Pius XII had disbanded Splett, which was not the case. Hlond criticised Splett's refusal to resign as the Catholic Church in Poland was in conflict with communist authorities; Splett's decision gave ammunition against the Church. He was sentenced to eight years in prison on 1 February 1946 and imprisoned at Wronki Prison. After his release from prison, Splett was kept under domiciliary arrest at Stary Borek in Southern Poland and at the monastery of Dukla.

Robert Żurek, Deputy director of the Polish Center of Historical Research in Berlin, regards this as a show trial and part of the anti-catholic policy of the Polish government after World War II. Its aim was to portray the papal policy as anti-Polish, since the Vatican had entrusted a Polish diocese to a "German chauvinist". Żurek stresses that in a statement of 16 January 1946 even  the Polish Bishop of Katowice, Stanisław Adamski, emphasized Splett's merits regarding pastoral care in occupied Poland. Adamski pointed out that Splett acted under massive pressure from the Gestapo and that the Nazis attempted to make the bishop appear as the initiator of their anti-Polish policy. Despite the pressure of Polish authorities, all Catholic priests interrogated as witnesses made exculpatory testimonies.

Polish officials were however not actually interested in the background of Splett's actions. The real intention of the trial was to justify the termination of the Concordat of 1925 by the Polish authorities and to segregate the Polish Catholic Church from the Vatican.

Historian Peter Raina states that the trial was fair and Splett was allowed to defend himself freely and without any difficulties nor obstructions and extensively. For Raina it was not a show trial, and the guilt of Splett was evident; he would get the same verdict if placed under trial at Nuremberg. Jan Zaryn writes that although the attack on Splett were often insulting, they were not without merit due to his servile attitude toward the Gestapo Professor Jerzy Serczyk writes that due to Splett's anti-Polish actions during the war there was hardly any disapproval in Polish society towards sentencing Splett

Later life in West Germany

In 1956, after protests from West Germany and by the Polish Primate Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, the new Polish government allowed his emigration to West Germany. He remained official Bishop of Danzig until his death in 1964 and was active in pastoral care for the expelled population of Danzig.
Upon his return he sought contact and worked with the "Bund der Danziger", an organization of Germans formerly living in Gdansk that demanded annexation of the Polish city as well as "evacuation of Poles from our homeland". A publication Splett was engaged with in West Germany was Unser Danzig (Our Gdansk), in which Splett published in 1958 that the German right to Polish territories is supported by the pope himself. According to German historian Dieter Schenk, both 'Bund der Danziger and "Unser Danzig" served as shelter for many former Nazi activists and officials post war.

He played an active role in the improvement of the German-Polish relations throughout the Second Vatican Council.

The administrative position of the bishop of Gdańsk was held by lesser church officials. He was succeeded by Edmund Nowicki, his coadjutor bishop since 1956.

Splett died in Düsseldorf.

References

External links
 Splett in 1960

1898 births
1964 deaths
20th-century German Roman Catholic bishops
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
People from West Prussia
People from Sopot
People from the Free City of Danzig
German people of World War II
20th-century German Roman Catholic priests


The Path may refer to:

Music
 The Path (Carbon Based Lifeforms album), 1998
 The Path (Fit for a King album), 2020
 The Path (Show of Hands album), 2003
 "The Path", a song by HIM from their 2003 album Love Metal
 "The Path", a song by The Human Abstract from their 2008 album Midheaven
 "The Path", a song by Lorde from her 2021 album Solar Power

Television
 "The Path" (The Twilight Zone), 2002 episode of the series
 The Path (TV series), a 2016 series

Other
 The Path (book), a collection of essays by Konosuke Matsushita
 The Path (comics), an American comic book series by CrossGen Entertainment
 The Path (video game), a horror PC game

See also
Path (disambiguation)
PATH (disambiguation)


Gilles Marchildon (born May 6, 1965) is a Canadian francophone activist and LGBT activist currently living in Toronto. He is currently Toronto campus director for Collège Boréal. Prior to that, he worked in the field of health as executive director of the French-language health planning agency Reflet Salvéo (now called Entité 3) from 2014 to 2019  and previously, from 2010 to 2014, as executive director of the community health agency Action Positive VIH/SIDA. He was president of ACFO Toronto and also vice-chair of the City of Toronto's French Language Advisory Committee. He continues to serve on Toronto's Advisory Committee on Seniors Services and Long-Term Care. He also sits on the board of the provincial community foundation, la Fondation Franco-ontarienne, where he was elected president.

He was executive director of Egale Canada during the organization's campaign to obtain recognition of equal civil marriage rights (2003 to 2006). In addition, he is one of the three founding directors of the International Railroad for Queer Refugees, and served as its first president from 2008 to 2011. He has also worked as drector of communications for the HIV Legal Network from 2009 to 2010 and for World University Service of Canada from 2006 to 2008.

A native of Penetanguishene, Ontario, Marchildon studied political science at the University of Ottawa, and was president of the Student Federation of the University of Ottawa in 1987–88. He later lived in Paris and Toronto before moving to Winnipeg, where he established his own communications and marketing firm, People and Ideas, and served on the boards of several community organizations for both the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and Franco-Manitoban communities in Winnipeg, including the Reel Pride film festival and the Winnipeg Film Group. He served as editor and publisher of Swerve, Winnipeg's LGBT magazine, for four years, and also wrote for Xtra! and Icon magazines in Toronto.

References

1965 births
Journalists from Winnipeg
Journalists from Ontario
Canadian LGBT rights activists
Canadian gay writers
Writers from Winnipeg
University of Ottawa alumni
Franco-Ontarian people
Franco-Manitoban people
Living people
People from Penetanguishene
Canadian LGBT journalists
Writers from Simcoe County


Drug-Induced Aseptic Meningitis (DIAM) is a type of aseptic meningitis related to the use of medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or biologic drugs such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Additionally, this condition generally shows clinical improvement after cessation of the medication, as well as a tendency to relapse with resumption of the medication.

Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of DIAM are similar to infectious meningitis including but not limited to headache, fever, neck stiffness, altered mental status and other neurological deficits such as numbness, paresthesias, seizure or weakness. Notably, the patient will have had recent exposure to one of the causative medications.

Causes
The following is a list of medications associated with DIAM.
 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
 Biologic drugs such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).
 Antibiotics such as sulfonamides, isoniazid, ciprofloxacin, penicillin
 Antiepileptic drugs such as Carbamazepine and Lamotrigine
 Phenazopyridine
 Monoclonal antibodies such as Infliximab, Adalimumab, Etanercept, Efalizumab, Cetuximab, and OKT3 antibodies.
 Chemotherapeutic drugs such as Pemetrexed and Cytarabine.
 Zimelidine (SSRI that is no longer available)
 Azathioprine
 Methotrexate
 Allopurinol
 Ranitidine

Pathophysiology
Meningitis, whether acute or chronic, is by definition an inflammation of the meninges. This can be due to both infectious or non-infectious reasons. DIAM is a noninfectious meningitis that is associated with the use of certain medications listed above. The pathogenesis of DIAM is poorly understood and may be related to autoimmune hypersensitivity reactions, although it may vary depending on the inciting medication. For instance, DIAM caused by OKT3 antibodies may be mediated by cytokine release rather than hypersensitivity reactions. There is an association with certain underlying conditions such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and other underlying conditions that were present in a small amount of patients included Sjögren syndrome, Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV, Crohn's disease.

Diagnosis
Historically, the process of diagnosis involved attempting to identify any infectious causes as these may be treatable with antibiotics or other medications. Lumbar puncture would be performed to collect cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) to culture for bacterial growth. Growth indicated a bacterial meningitis, while no growth indicated another cause denoted "aseptic" meningitis. The most common form of this is viral meningitis. Recent medical advances allows rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing that analyzes the CSF for DNA or RNA. This can quickly determine if there are bacterial or viral species present in the CSF. If these are ruled out, as well as other causes such as parasitic or fungal causes, then the cause of the meningitis is likely noninfectious in nature. DIAM is among these noninfectious causes of aseptic meningitis.

Once infectious causes ruled out, noninfectious causes should be investigated. These include a history of chemical irritation from recent surgery or chemicals injected into the subarachnoid space such as spinal anesthesia, other inflammatory or vascular conditions such as sarcoidosis or vasculitis, as well as Neoplastic conditions such as lymphoma.

CSF analysis tends to show inflammatory changes in DIAM such as elevated white blood cells and elevated protein levels. Glucose was either normal or low.  MRI and CT imaging of the brain has shown changes consistent with Blood-brain barrier disruption  or cerebral edema including T2-weighted changes that were normalized after resolution of the condition.

In patients with SLE, DIAM should be distinguished from lupus aseptic meningitis (LAM). This can be done by CSF analysis (DIAM has a neutrophilic predominance while LAM has a lymphocytic predominance), as well as assessment of relevant labs such as complement levels and signs of Lupus flareup.

Treatment
Immediate cessation of offending medications.

Prognosis
Generally, excellent prognosis with complete recovery if the offending medication is ceased.

Epidemiology
The occurrence of aseptic meningitis in general is approximately 20 per 100,000, but the most common cause of aseptic meningitis is viral.

References

Meningitis
Drug-induced diseases


The Bernal Lecture was an annual lecture on the social function of science organised by the Royal Society of London and endowed by Professor John Desmond Bernal. It was last delivered in 2004, after which it was merged with the Wilkins Lecture and Medawar Lecture to form the Wilkins-Bernal-Medawar Lecture.

List of lecturers

References

Royal Society lecture series
Annual events in the United Kingdom
1971 establishments in the United Kingdom
Recurring events established in 1971
2004 disestablishments in the United Kingdom


Highway 69 (AR 69, Ark. 69, and Hwy. 69) is a designation for three north–south state highways in northeast Arkansas. A western route of  runs south from Highway 9 at Melbourne to Highway 14/Highway 367 in Newport. A second route of  begins at Highway 163 and runs north through Trumann to Highway 158 at Lunsford. A third route begins at U.S. Route 49/Highway 1 (US 49/AR 1) at the city limits of Paragould and runs north to terminate at US 412B in the city.

Route description

Melbourne to Newport
AR 69 begins at AR 367 in Newport and heads north to Jacksonport. A Spur Route 69 develops in Jacksonport. The route leads northwest to AR 122 in Newark and AR 233 in Sulphur Rock. Continuing north, the route passes through Cushman and Mount Pleasant.

Shady Grove to Lunsford
Arkansas Highway 69 begins in Poinsett County and heads east from AR 163. It crosses Interstate 555 (I-555) as Exit 29 continuing east to Trumann. After detaching a spur route that leads through Trumann, AR 69 leads mostly north and ends at AR 158.

Paragould segment
AR 69 runs from US 49/AR 1 south of Paragould. The route runs east then north to terminate at US 412B/AR 135 in downtown Paragould.

Major intersections

Auxiliary routes

Highway 69 has three business routes and four spur routes. As cities have grown, bypasses have become necessary, and the former downtown alignments of AR 69 have become the business routes discussed here.

See also

 List of state highways in Arkansas

Notes

References

External links

069
Transportation in Jackson County, Arkansas
Transportation in Independence County, Arkansas
Transportation in Izard County, Arkansas
Transportation in Poinsett County, Arkansas
Transportation in Craighead County, Arkansas
Transportation in Greene County, Arkansas


The Florey Lecture was a lecture organised by the Royal Society of London.

List of lecturers

References

Biology education in the United Kingdom
Royal Society lecture series
1982 establishments in the United Kingdom
Recurring events established in 1982


Resia Schor (December 5, 1910 in Lublin, Poland – November 26, 2006 in New York City) was a Polish-born artist who lived and worked in New York City from 1941 until her death in 2006.

Early life
Resia Schor (née Ainstein) was born near Lublin, Poland in 1910. Her Jewish family, though from a traditionally observant background with ties to Hasidim, was rather urban and Polish, and her mother believed she had right to pursue advanced studies in art despite her gender. She studied painting at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. There she met the painter and sculptor Ilya Schor; they lived in Paris and married there at the outbreak of the Second World War. on December 3, 1941, they came to the United States and settled in New York City. Both Schors’ extended families perished in the Holocaust. The Schors had two daughters born in New York City: artist and writer Mira Schor and scholar of French literature and feminist theory, Naomi Schor. Resia Schor exhibited her paintings in New York City in the 1950s under the name Resia Ain. She also studied silversmithing with her husband.

Later work
After Ilya Schor's death in 1961, Resia Schor worked exclusively in metal, creating one of a kind jewelry and Judaica, as well as multi-media sculptures, all in a bold modernist abstract style with a painterly feel for color and texture.

The noted poet Richard Howard wrote of Schor's work: “…the underlying signification … that Resia Schor has undertaken all along. If I had to find a single word for it, I should choose process, the continuous process of growth and change which we recognize in all plant forms and which we cannot dissect or paralyze to any purpose by “realism.”... Process is what Goethe meant when he had Faust exclaim, gazing at the sign of the Macrocosm:

Wie alles sich zum Ganzen webt,
Eins in dem andern wirkt und lebt!
How everything is woven into the whole;
Each in the other works and lives! [...]
Speaking of the Macrocosm, we are reminded, indeed, that the Ancients used to represent the earth as the back of an immense turtle, all things that live and grow sending down their roots into the great participating shell which bears them into the empty air. That is what these recent pieces of Resia Schor suggest, and if in their articulation of process we can only call them abstract, then it is the abstraction of energy itself her pieces display, ‘the force that through the green fuse drives the flower.’”

She exhibited her works in solo exhibitions at the Arras Gallery in New York City, The East End Gallery in Provincetown, MA, and The Benson Gallery in Bridgehampton, New York. In the 1980s and 1990s, her work was included in group exhibitions at the Provincetown Art Association and Museum (PAAM) and in the exhibition Family, at The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum in Connecticut. In the late 1960s and the 1970s, her work was included in exhibitions including "The Women's Art Symposium," Turman Gallery, Indiana State University," Made in Metal," The Junior Art Gallery, Louisville, KY, "National Jewelry Exhibition by Outstanding Contemporary American Artist–Craftsmen," Lawrence University, Appleton, WI, "First Survey of Contemporary American Crafts," The University Art Museum, The University of Texas, Austin, and "Crafts Invitational," The Gallery of the Maryland Institute, Baltimore, MD.

In 1969, the musicians of the orchestra of the New York Philharmonic commissioned a mezuzah by Resia Schor as their farewell gift to Leonard Bernstein. An exhibition “Mezuzot by Resia Schor” was held at Yeshiva University Museum in New York City in 2000.

Gallery

Bibliography
 The Tale of The Goldsmith’s Floor, a 32-minute video originally created by Mira Schor for the 2003 Brown University and differences Conference, “The Lure of the Detail.” “The Tale of The Goldsmith’s Floor,” illustrated video script, differences, Volume 14, Number 3, Fall 2003, pp. 137–61.
 Rosenbaum, Belle, Upon Thy Doorposts, The Jacob and Belle Rosenbaum Foundation, New York, 1995.
 Karp, Abraham J., ed., The Jews in America: A Treasury of Art and Literature, Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, 1994.
 Faulkner, Ray and Zigfield, Edwin. Introduction to the Visual Arts, Art Today, 1965, 1969.
 Kanof, Abram. Jewish Ceremonial Art and Religious Observance, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York, 1969.
 Hammel, Lisa. "Carrying on an artist–jeweler's work," The New York Times, June 2, 1969, p. 50.
 Howard, Richard. "Jewelry by Resia Schor," Crafts Horizons, July/August, 1966.
 Dore Ashton, “Painting by Resia Ain,” New York Times, 1959.

References

1910 births
2006 deaths
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American women painters
American women sculptors
Jewish American artists
Jewish feminists
20th-century Polish painters
21st-century Polish painters
20th-century Polish women artists
21st-century Polish women artists
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American painters
20th-century American women artists
21st-century American women artists
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews
Polish emigrants to the United States


Jeremy Michael Hall (born September 11, 1988) is a football manager and former professional player who currently works as assistant coach for Minnesota United FC 2 in the MLS Next Pro. He operated as a midfielder or defender. Born in the mainland United States, he played for the Puerto Rico national team.

Career

College
Before joining the national under-17 residency program, Hall played for local club Hillsborough County United. Hall played college soccer at the University of Maryland, where he won the 2009 NCAA Division I Championship. During his college career Hall was a two-time NSCAA/Adidas All-American, a USYSA All-American in 2005, and a two-time Parade All-American. In three years at Maryland, he appeared in 66 games, scoring 26 goals and assisting on 14.

Professional
Hall was drafted in the first round (11th overall) of the 2009 MLS SuperDraft by the New York Red Bulls. He made his MLS debut on 19 March 2009, in the 2009 season opener against Seattle Sounders FC. During his first season with New York, Hall appeared in 24 regular season matches playing primarily as a right back. At the conclusion of his first season with New York, Hall went on to train with sister club Red Bull Salzburg.

On 20 March 2010, Hall started and played the full 90 minutes for Red Bulls in a 3–1 victory against Santos FC, which was the first match played at the new Red Bull Arena. On May 23, 2010, Hall scored New York's opening goal in a 3–1 victory over Italian side Juventus FC in a friendly played at Red Bull Arena. On October 21, 2010, Hall started at left back helping New York to a 2–0 victory over New England Revolution which helped New York clinch its second regular season Eastern Conference title.

It was announced on November 22, 2010, that Hall had been traded to 2011 expansion team Portland Timbers in exchange for a 3rd round pick in the 2011 SuperDraft. Hall was a regular starter for Portland before being traded to FC Dallas on August 19, 2011, in exchange for midfielder Eric Alexander.

Hall was traded to Toronto FC on November 29, 2011, in exchange for a second round pick in the 2013 MLS SuperDraft. Hall made his debut as a second half sub for Torsten Frings in a 2–0 home defeat to D.C. United. Hall scored his first professional goal on June 20, 2012, against Houston Dynamo, the game ended in a 3–3 away draw.

In December 2014, Hall was traded by Toronto to New England Revolution in exchange for a fourth-round pick in the 2015 MLS SuperDraft. Hall made 12 appearances for New England in 2015, logging 998 minutes.

On February 8, 2016, it was announced the Hall had signed one-year contract through the 2016 NASL season with his hometown Tampa Bay Rowdies. The contract has a club option for the 2017 season as well. On July 21, 2016, Hall joined United Soccer League side Sacramento Republic on loan.

On July 31, 2021, ahead of 1812 FC Barrie's inaugural match, Hall was announced as the League1 Ontario club's first signing.

International
He has been a member of the U.S. Soccer Residency program since 2003, and has earned 22 caps with the U-17 team, including games at the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship in Peru, where he made six starts and scored one goal against the Ivory Coast U-17's. He has also represented the United States at the U-20 level.

In May 2016, Hall was called up to the Puerto Rico national football team for a friendly against the United States in Bayamón, Puerto Rico. Hall qualified to play for the Puerto Rican team by way of his Puerto Rican grandparents. He played the second round of the 2017 Caribbean Cup helping Puerto Rico reach the third round and being only two games away from reaching the 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup for the first time.

He continued to play with the team in matches against Orlando City SC in 2017 and the CONCACAF Nations League until 2018.

Career statistics

Honors

University of Maryland
NCAA Men's Division I Soccer Championship (1): 2008

Toronto FC
Canadian Championship (1): 2012

References

External links

 Maryland bio

1988 births
Living people
American sportspeople of Puerto Rican descent
Soccer players from Florida
African-American men's soccer players
American men's soccer players
Puerto Rican men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football midfielders
Maryland Terrapins men's soccer players
New York Red Bulls draft picks
New York Red Bulls players
Portland Timbers players
FC Dallas players
Toronto FC players
Wilmington Hammerheads FC players
New England Revolution players
Tampa Bay Rowdies players
Sacramento Republic FC players
Major League Soccer players
USL Championship players
United States men's youth international soccer players
Puerto Rico men's international footballers
Footballers at the 2007 Pan American Games
American expatriate men's soccer players
Puerto Rican expatriate men's footballers
American expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Puerto Rican expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Expatriate men's soccer players in Canada
Pan American Games competitors for Puerto Rico
1812 FC Barrie players


David R Cole (born 1967) is an Australian researcher in the fields of literacies, globalization, critical thinking, the philosophy of education and Gilles Deleuze. He is currently employed by the University of Western Sydney as Associate Professor in Literacies, English and ESL in the Centre for Educational Research as the Globalisation theme leader.

Cole studied at the University of Liverpool, Bath Spa University and the University of Warwick. He started working in Australia in teacher education at the University of Tasmania (2004-2007) and lectured at the University of Technology, Sydney (2008-2011).

Research
Cole's approach is to treat educational phenomena as a form of material analysis. In so doing, he applies concepts derived from the work of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari to the in-depth study of educational processes that simultaneously works on the micro and macro levels. He has recently been using 'immanent materialism' in this context and been developing a new approach to educational methodology since 1996.

Selected publications

Literacy and education
 Multiliteracies in Motion: Current Theory and Practice, with Darren Pullen, Routledge (2009)
 Multiple Literacies Theory: A Deleuzian Perspective, with Diana Masny, Sense Publishers (2009)
 Multiliteracies and Technology Enhanced Education: Social Practice and the Global Classroom, with Darren Pullen (2009)
 The Political Philosophy of Eric Voegelin and His Followers: A Criticism of the Voegelinians (2009)
 Educational Life-Forms: Deleuzian Teaching and Learning Practice, Sense Publishers (2011)
 Surviving Economic Crises Through Education, Peter Lang (2012)
 The Power In / Of Language (Educational Philosophy and Theory Special Issues), with Linda J. Graham, Wiley-Blackwell (2012)
 Mapping Multiple Literacies: An Introduction to Deleuzian Literacy Studies, with Diana Masny, Continuum (2012)
 Traffic Jams: Analysing Everyday Life Through the Immanent Materialism of Deleuze & Guattari, Punctum Books (2013)
 Education and the Politics of Becoming, with Diana Masny, Routledge (2014)
 Capitalised Education: An immanent materialist account of Kate Middleton, Zero Books (2014)

Novel
 A Mushroom of Glass, Sid Harta Publishers (2009)

References

External links
 University of Tasmania ePrints
 Multiple Literacies Theory: A Deleuzian Perspective page
 Multiliteracies and Technology Enhanced Education: Social Practice and the Global Classroom page
  Multiliteracies in motion: Current theory and practice

Living people
Australian educational theorists
Place of birth missing (living people)
1967 births


Louise Emerson Ronnebeck (25 August 1901 – 17 February 1980) was an American painter now best known for her work as a muralist. She submitted entries to 16 competitions for the Works Progress Administration (WPA), winning and completing two WPA commissions. Although her body of work included a significant number of both commissioned frescoes as well as easel paintings, few are known to have survived.

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Emerson grew up in New York.  She married artist Arnold Ronnebeck (1885–1947) in 1926 and they settled in Denver, Colorado.  In Denver and later in Bermuda she built up a successful career as an artist and teacher. Through her work in the 1930s and 1940s, she documented western American history and social issues.

Early life
Mary Louise Harrington Emerson was born in 1901 in Philadelphia. Louise was the third daughter of Mary Crawford Suplee and Harrington Emerson (1853–1931).  Her father was an efficiency engineer who established the Emerson Institute in New York City in 1900.  Louise Emerson's great grandfather, Samuel D. Ingham (on her mother's side), was Secretary of the Treasury under Andrew Jackson, the U.S.'s seventh President (1829–1837).

In 1922 Louise Emerson graduated from Barnard College. She went on to study at the Art Students League of New York for three years.  One of her teachers at the League was Kenneth Hayes Miller (1876–1952).  Miller formed the Fourteenth Street Group in New York and influenced American scene painting and the American social realist art movement. His students included Reginald Marsh, Edward Laning, and Isabel Bishop. Louise Emerson was particularly influenced by Miller's representational style and use of tempera.

In 1923 and 1924, Louise Emerson spent her summers at the Ecoles d'Art Américaines at Fontainebleau, France, studying fresco painting with Paul-Albert Baudouin.

Married life

Arnold Rönnebeck and Louise Emerson met in 1925 when both were summer guests at Los Gallos, the Taos, New Mexico compound of Mabel Dodge Luhan.  They were married on March 18, 1926 at the All Angels Episcopal Church in Manhattan.  Mabel and Tony Luhan attended.  Tony was dressed in formal Indian attire, i.e., ribbons braided into his waist length hair and he was wrapped in a formal blanket.  Emerson had mixed emotions about Tony's attendance.  Since Mabel and Tony were instrumental in Rönnebeck and Emerson's courtship she wanted them present on this special day.  On the other hand, according to family lore, she did comment, "When everyone filed into the church, no one paid any attention to the bride because there was this American Indian sitting there with the ceremonial ribbons in his braids".

Rönnebeck and Emerson subsequently set off on what they termed an "extended wedding trip" of the West that included stops in Omaha, Nebraska, Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Los Angeles, California. Arnold Rönnebeck executed commissions along the way. They finally settled in Denver, Colorado where Arnold became director of the Denver Art Museum. The couple became founding members of the Denver Artists Guild, which held its inaugural exhibition in 1928. Louise Emerson continued to use her maiden name professionally until approximately 1931.  After that time, she began to sign her paintings "Louise Emerson Ronnebeck" or "Louise Ronnebeck".

The couple had two children, Arnold born in 1927 and Ursula born in 1929. Emerson frequently painted scenes from daily life, including her children, their friends, and even their teachers as models. She also responded to local events that illustrated the lives of regional women, including painting a courtroom scene of a seventeen year old who murdered her husband when he divorced her. The people vs. Mary Elizabeth Smith shows Emerson's ability to tell a story visually.

WPA murals
During the Great Depression, Emerson actively sought commissions by submitting proposals through the Treasury Department's Section of Painting and Sculpture, later renamed the Section of Fine Arts. The Section focused on artwork for federal buildings, rather than state or municipal buildings, like the WPA/FAP. Some people believed that during these difficult times, there should be higher priorities than art.  Harry Hopkins, head of the WPA appointed by FDR, said it best [of artists] "Hell! They've got to eat just like other people". Many feared that if the Depression continued for very long, a generation of artists would be lost and a fatal blow would be dealt to American culture.

Between 1937 and 1944, Emerson entered 16 competitions for mural commissions including the Department of Justice Building, Washington, D.C. (1936, 1941), Fort Scott, Kansas (1937), Phoenix, Arizona (1937), Worland, Wyoming (1938), Dallas, Texas (1940), Grand Junction and Littleton, Colorado (1940), Social Security Building, Washington, D.C., (1940 and 1942), Amarillo, Texas (1941), and Los Angeles, California (1944).  She won two commissions for post office murals, both funded by the Treasury Department Section of Painting and Sculpture.

The first of Emerson's murals to be commissioned by the Section was The Fertile Land Remembers,  oil on canvas. It was designed for the post office in Worland, Wyoming and installed in 1938.  There was some controversy over a Colorado artist being chosen to execute a Wyoming mural, but Edward Rowan, the Superintendent of the Section of Painting & Sculpture said in a memo to the Director of Procurement, "The artists of Wyoming had an equal chance with those in Colorado to compete in the regional competition.  The artists of Wyoming according to all records are very poor".

In preparation for the project, Emerson researched Wyoming history and consulted with the Worland postmaster.  The approved design depicted a determined looking pioneer farming family in a Conestoga wagon pulled by oxen heading directly toward the viewer.   In the background/sky are Indians riding horses chasing buffalo, executed in a translucent cloud-like manner.  The Indians and the pioneer farming family were both historically dependent on the land and they are shown being displaced by the new, thriving and growing oil industry.   The mural has since been moved and installed in the downtown Casper, Wyoming Post Office in the Dick Cheney Federal Building.

Emerson's second Section mural commission was designed for the post office in Grand Junction, Colorado.  The Harvest (7'x 9' oil on crescent shaped canvas) was installed in the joint post office and courthouse in 1940.  The Harvest depicts a young man and woman working together harvesting peaches, with a water wheel in the background, symbolizing "the richness that came to the land following the introduction of irrigation".

In Engendering Culture:  Manhood and Womanhood in New Deal Public Art and Theatre, Barbara Melosh describes this frequently used Section theme as the "comradely ideal".  She writes, "[Louise] Ronnebeck invokes the comradely ideal in the image of shared labor, and she emphasizes the physicality of work in the man's muscled arms and the woman's sturdy figure".  Similar to her Wyoming mural, the man and the woman are equals, working towards a common goal.  The mural depicts the Ute Indians leaving the valley on the right side and the white settlers, pushing them out from the left. The theme of displacement is effective and evocative of the time and the changes that had occurred and continued to occur in the West. Emerson's use of family, work, and local landscape reflects themes often found in American scene artworks of the 1930s.

The Harvest mural had a life of mystery.  By 1973, the mural was dirty and dull.  It was shipped to Washington DC for restoration and subsequently forgotten.  Until 1991, its whereabouts were unknown.  The building manager of the Aspinall Federal Building in Grand Junction had come across frequent references to the mural, but could not locate it.  Through perseverance and dogged detective work, he finally located it in New York, had it restored and returned it to Grand Junction.   In January 1992, Emerson's son and daughter, who had modeled for the mural over 50 years earlier, unveiled it in a ceremony in Grand Junction's Wayne N. Aspinall Federal Building and Courthouse, where it remains today.

Denver
Emerson worked in tempera and oil, but fresco was her preferred medium.
Besides her Section murals, Emerson was commissioned to execute many murals and frescoes in the Denver area, for locations including, Kent School for Girls (1933), Morey Junior High School (1934) (still extant but in deplorable condition), the City and County Building (1935), the Church of the Holy Redeemer (1938), the Bamboo Lounge at the Cosmopolitan Hotel (1938) and the Robert W. Speer Memorial Hospital for Children (1940) (still extant, also in deplorable condition). Unfortunately, since frescoes are part of the architectural structure, many of them were lost when the buildings were torn down.

Her shortest lived mural was entitled The Nativity, painted on canvas and installed on the pediment of the City and County Building.  As planned, it was only up for the Christmas season of 1935.  The mural was 76 feet long and she completed it with the help of two assistants within two weeks after being asked to execute it.  It was painted in sections in the basement of a Denver auditorium and it took three days to install.

In 1942, the Denver Defense Council called for volunteers to work in areas for which they were best suited.   Emerson volunteered to paint a mural for Denver's new USO Center and spent eight hours a day for three months painting a mural for the center.  She pictured the peacetime pursuits of the then 26 United Nation countries who were then fighting the war.  For this work, the Governor of Colorado named her civilian "Hero of the Week".

Later years

Emerson joined the faculty at the University of Denver's School of Art & Art History in 1945, where she was an Assistant Professor of Drawing and Painting until 1950. Her husband, artist Arnold Rönnebeck, died on November 14, 1947.  Her last public mural in Colorado was an abstract fresco for the lobby of Weld County Hospital in Greeley, Colorado in 1952.

In 1954, with both of her children married, Emerson moved to Bermuda and taught art at the Bermuda High School for Girls from 1955-1959.  Her last mural was executed for St. Brendan's Hospital in 1966.  Unfortunately, this mural was destroyed sometime in the 1980s when the hospital was renovated.

In 1973 Emerson left Bermuda and returned to Denver where she remained until her death in 1980.

References

External links
 Official website

1901 births
1980 deaths
American muralists
20th-century American painters
Works Progress Administration workers
People of the New Deal arts projects
American women painters
Artists from Philadelphia
Artists from Denver
Painters from Pennsylvania
Painters from Colorado
Barnard College alumni
Art Students League of New York alumni
University of Denver faculty
20th-century American women artists
American women muralists
American women academics


Xío is one of five parishes in Illano, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. It is situated on a slope with a view of the Navia River.

It is  in size. The population is 41.

Villages
 Xío
 El Alto de Folgueiróu
 Os Canteiros
 As Lleiras
 A Llomba
 As Penas
 El Rebollal
 Os Salgueiros
 El Vao
 Xanxuyán

Parishes in Illano


The Great Lakes–St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Compact is a legally binding interstate compact among the U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin.  The compact details how the states manage the use of the Great Lakes Basin's water supply and builds on the 1985 Great Lakes Charter and its 2001 Annex.  The compact is the means by which the states implement the governors' commitments under the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement that also includes the Premiers of Ontario and Quebec.

The Council of Great Lakes Governors, which guided the negotiations that resulted in the Compact, now serves as secretariat to the Governors' Compact Council created by the Compact, and now operates as the Conference of Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers.

Ratification
Following approval by each of the eight member state legislatures, the compact was signed by Minnesota Gov. Tim Pawlenty on February 20, 2007; Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich on August 17, 2007; Indiana Gov. Mitch Daniels on February 20, 2008; New York Gov. Eliot Spitzer on March 4, 2008; Wisconsin Gov. Jim Doyle on May 27, 2008; Ohio Gov. Ted Strickland on June 27, 2008; Pennsylvania Gov. Ed Rendell on July 4, 2008; and Michigan Gov. Jennifer Granholm on July 9, 2008.  The U.S. Senate passed the compact on August 1, 2008, and the U.S. House of Representatives followed on September 23, 2008. President George W. Bush signed it on October 3, 2008.  The compact became state and federal law on December 8, 2008.

Wisconsin v. Illinois United States Supreme Court case
Due to the United States Supreme Court ruling in Wisconsin v. Illinois, the State of Illinois is not subject to certain provisions of the compact pertaining to new or increased withdrawals or diversions from the Great Lakes.

Waukesha Proposal
In 2013, the city of Waukesha, Wisconsin applied for permission from the State of Wisconsin to withdraw water from Lake Michigan. City water historically drawn from an aquifer reached radium levels exceeding federal standards. After protest and later negotiation with state officials, Waukesha became obligated to find a new source of water by 2018. The city's limits lay 1.5 miles outside of the Lake Michigan drainage boundary; however the county in which it resides straddles both the Mississippi (via the Fox River, which runs through Waukesha) and Great Lakes watersheds.

In 2015, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) preliminarily determined that the proposal was approvable in its Draft Technical Review and also released a Draft Environmental Impact Statement. The public comment period on the Draft Technical Review and Draft Environmental Impact Statement ended on August 28, 2015.

On January 7, 2016, the DNR forwarded the submission to the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Water Resources Regional Body for review and the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Water Resources Council for review and decision. Several environmental groups argued the proposal did not comply with Compact requirements and demanded a thorough review. The application was approved with conditions by the Compact Council on June 21, 2016.

See also
Canada–United States border
Canada–United States relations

References

External links
Great Lakes–St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Council
Great Lakes–St. Lawrence River Water Resources Regional Body
Navigating Wisconsin's Obligations Under the Public Trust Doctrine

Great Lakes
United States interstate compacts
Acts of the 110th United States Congress
Water law in the United States


The Medawar Lecture was an annual lecture on the philosophy of science organised by the Royal Society of London in memory of Sir Peter Medawar. It was last delivered in 2004 after which it was merged with the Wilkins Lecture and the Bernal Lecture to form the Wilkins-Bernal-Medawar Lecture.

List of lecturers

References

Royal Society lecture series
Philosophy of science
Philosophy events
Annual events in the United Kingdom
1986 establishments in the United Kingdom
Recurring events established in 1986
2004 disestablishments in the United Kingdom


The following tables lists sports venues in Maryland which are in current use.

References

Maryland
Venues
Sports


Pete Sampras was the defending champion, but chose not to participate that year.

Andre Agassi won in the final 6–2, 6–3, against Sébastien Grosjean.

Players

Draw

Main draw

Play-offs

External links
Official Commonwealth Bank International website
2003 Commonwealth Bank International results

Kooyong Classic
Com


The Philips Lecture was a lecture organised by the Royal Society of London with support from Philips Industries Limited in 1980, the object being to strengthen contacts between the Society and industry and more generally between universities and industry. The general theme of the series was science in industry. The lecture was annual and was given for the last time in 1992.

List of lecturers

References

Annual events in the United Kingdom
1980 establishments in the United Kingdom
1992 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Innovation in the United Kingdom
Recurring events established in 1980
Recurring events disestablished in 1992
Research and development in the United Kingdom
Royal Society lecture series
Technology history of the United Kingdom
Lecture


The Pilgrim Trust Lecture was a lecture supported by the Pilgrim Trust, organised by the Royal Society of London and the National Academy of Sciences. It was held between 1938 and 1945.

List of lecturers

References

Royal Society lecture series
1938 establishments in the United Kingdom
1945 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Recurring events established in 1938
Recurring events disestablished in 1945
United States National Academy of Sciences


The Tercentenary Lectures were a series of lectures held during the 300th anniversary year of the Royal Society, London in 1960.

List of lecturers

References

Royal Society lecture series
Technology history of the United Kingdom
Tricentennial anniversaries
1960 in the United Kingdom
1960 in science


Jane Mayhall Katz (May 10, 1918 – March 17, 2009) was an American poet whose writing first received attention later in life, and was influenced by her transition from her youth in Kentucky to the hustle and bustle of life in New York City and her grief over the death of her husband. Her poems and other works had been published over the years in many publications, including The New York Times and The New Yorker.

Personal life and education
Mayhall grew up in Louisville, Kentucky, where she was born on May 10, 1918. She attended Black Mountain College in North Carolina, where she majored in music, having entered as a talented composer, pianist and singer. There she met fellow student Leslie George Katz. The two married in the 1940s and moved to New York City. With her husband, she was an active participant in New York's bohemian community starting in the 1950s, and became friendly with many of the prominent artists at the time. Her husband founded Eakins Press, which published art and literature, including some of Mayhall's works.

Career
Her debut novel Cousin to Human was published by Harcourt, Brace in 1960, telling the story of a girl growing up in Louisville. Florence Crowther's review of the book in The New York Times describes how "less adept" authors would have been challenged to make the story believable, but that "Miss Mayhall is a wise author - she has Lacy keep her mouth shut and yet be understood." Her husband's Eakins Press published her 1966 book of plays, poems and stories Ready for the Ha Ha & Other Satires, and the two-volume collection of poetry Givers and Takers that was published in 1968 and 1973.

Her collection of poems Sleeping Late on Judgment Day was published by Alfred A. Knopf in 2004 when she was 85 years old. Many of the works included in the book reflected her grief after the death of her husband, described by Andy Bruner of The New York Times as including "pain so private in its specificity that it threatens to repel the reader's empathy", while other pieces she "turns away from her sorrow and offers poems with philosophical insights into love and its inevitable loss".

Mayhall died at age 90 on March 17, 2009, in her Manhattan home. She had no immediate survivors.

References

1918 births
2009 deaths
Black Mountain College alumni
Writers from Louisville, Kentucky
Writers from Manhattan
American women poets
20th-century American poets
20th-century American women writers
Kentucky women writers
21st-century American women


Leland John Haworth (July 11, 1904 – March 5, 1979) was an American particle physicist. In his long career he was head of the Brookhaven National Laboratory, the Atomic Energy Commission, the National Science Foundation, and was assistant to the president of Associated Universities, Inc.

Early life
Leland John Haworth was born on July 11, 1904, in Flint, Michigan, although his parents were normally living in New York City at the time. Both of his parents, Martha (née Ackerman) and Paul Leland Haworth, were both teachers, and were Quakers. The family moved to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1907 for a brief time, then to Newton County, Indiana, in 1910. Haworth graduated from the Indiana University with a Bachelor of Arts in 1925 and a Master of Arts in 1926. He also played college baseball for Indiana, and even played in the semi-pros.

After obtaining a scholarship, Haworth attended the University of Wisconsin and earned his Ph.D. in 1931. His thesis was titled "Secondary Electrons from Very Clean Metal Surfaces when Bombarded with Primary Electrons and his advisor was Charles Elwood Mendenhall.

Personal life
In 1927 he married Barbara Mottier, the daughter of the chairman of the Botany Department at IU, and they had two children: Jane and John. In 1959, Haworth learned that he had colon cancer, and then in February 1961, his wife died.

In May 1963, Haworth married Irene Benik, a secretary at the President's Science Advisory Committee.

Career
He taught at the Arsenal Technical High School in Indianapolis for two years while working on his father's farm before pursuing his PhD. He worked as an instructor at the University of Wisconsin for six years, and began working on particle accelerators there in 1934. He then spent a year working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1937. After his father died, he then took a new position as faculty at the University of Illinois.

MIT
With the onset of World War II, Haworth assisted with wartime research at the MIT Radiation Laboratory, developing new radar systems. He was a member of the steering committee and helped to manage the laboratory. He also wrote large sections of the Radiation Laboratory Series, a highly regarded technical work. He joined the newly created Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, in 1948, immediately taking a leadership role as assistant director for special projects. He became the full director the next year, and held that position until 1961. While there, he helped with the construction of many experimental apparatus, including the Cosmotron. The laboratory soon gained worldwide recognition as a premier research facility. He was also president and director of the American Nuclear Society.

Atomic Energy Commission

A few months after his first wife died in 1961, Haworth along with Glenn T. Seaborg, was assigned by President John F. Kennedy to become commissioner of the Atomic Energy Commission. He accepted the position and worked long hours, soon heading the research of the AEC. He supported a ban on atmospheric nuclear testing, helping to develop the Limited Test Ban Treaty in 1963. He also traveled to Alaska to assist with Operation Chariot, a plan to use nuclear bombs in the construction of a harbor as part of Operation Plowshare, and met with various Inuit groups. The project was never carried out. Haworth wrote Civilian Nuclear Power–A Report to the President–1962, an influential public policy paper.

National Science Foundation
In 1963, President Kennedy asked Haworth to direct the National Science Foundation. He tackled issues there such as Project Mohole, bringing new colleges into NSF research, and planning for the Very Large Array. He also assisted Congressman Emilio Q. Daddario draft an important NSF reorganization bill. Haworth was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the National Academy of Sciences in 1965. In 1969, Haworth's term as NSF director ended, and he moved to Long Island, New York. He became a part-time assistant to the president of Associated Universities, Inc., a position he held until 1975, and was special consultant to the director of Brookhaven. He is buried in West Newton Cemetery, West Newton, Indiana.

Death
Haworth died on March 5, 1979, at St. Charles Hospital in Port Jefferson, New York.

References

External links

1904 births
1979 deaths
People from Flint, Michigan
20th-century American physicists
American nuclear physicists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Indiana University alumni
Indiana University faculty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
United States National Science Foundation officials
Fellows of the American Physical Society
University of Illinois faculty
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Brookhaven National Laboratory staff
Nixon administration personnel
Lyndon B. Johnson administration personnel
Kennedy administration personnel
Members of the American Philosophical Society


Indian Wells Valley is an arid north-south basin in east-central California.  In the geologic sense, it is a southern extension of Owens Valley to the north, with the recent volcanics of the Coso Range being the separator.  It is defined by a major fault on the west side of the valley. Unlike Owens Valley, it is bound by a fault to the south, the Garlock Fault (within the El Paso Mountains).  This valley is part of the northwesternmost Mojave Desert plant community and ecoregion.

The largest city in the valley is Ridgecrest.  Other locations include Inyokern, Indian Wells, and communities associated with the China Lake Naval Weapons Center, the primary industry in the valley.  California State Route 14 and US Highway 395 are the main transportation corridors through the valley.

See also
Tehachapi Wind Resource Area

External links

Groundwater Quality in the Indian Wells Valley, California United States Geological Survey

Valleys of the Mojave Desert
Valleys of Inyo County, California
Valleys of Kern County, California
Valleys of San Bernardino County, California
Mojave Desert
Ridgecrest, California
Valleys of California


The Wilkins Lecture was a lecture organised by the Royal Society of London on the subject of the history of science and named after John Wilkins, the first Secretary of the Society. The last Wilkins lecture was delivered in 2003, after which it was merged with the Bernal Lecture and the Medawar Lecture to form the Wilkins-Bernal-Medawar Lecture.

List of recipients

References

Royal Society lecture series
2003 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1948 establishments in the United Kingdom
Recurring events established in 1948


Cirsium hydrophilum is a species of thistle which is endemic to California, where it is found only in the San Francisco Bay Area and the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. This native thistle grows in wet boggy habitats.

Description
Cirsium hydrophilum may reach  in height with a branching, cobwebby stem. The leaves are longest near the base of the plant, approaching  in length. They are cut into toothed lobes and covered in spines, particularly along the petiole.

The inflorescence bears one or more flower heads, each up to  long. The head is lined with sticky, twisted, spiny phyllaries and contains pink to purple flowers. The fruit is an achene a  long topped with a pappus of about  centimeters.

Varieties
There are two very localized varieties:
The rare Cirsium hydrophilum var. hydrophilum, the Suisun thistle, is known from two occurrences in the Suisun Marsh, in the salt marsh habitat of the Delta in Solano County. It is treated as a federally listed endangered species.
The very rare Cirsium hydrophilum  var. vaseyi, Mt. Tamalpais thistle or Vasey's thistle,  is known from about twenty occurrences on Mount Tamalpais in Marin County, in Vacaville, California in Solano County, and inside the Presidio in the City of San Francisco. It is currently not a listed federal or state endangered species.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment - Cirsium hydrophilum
The Nature Conservancy-NatureServe: Cirsium hydrophilum

hydrophilum
Endemic flora of California
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the Central Valley (California)
Natural history of Marin County, California
Taxa named by Willis Linn Jepson
Critically endangered flora of California


The 1971 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1971. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) recognizes five selectors as "official" for the 1971 season. They are: (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (4) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and (5) the United Press International (UPI).

Nine players are recognized by the NCAA as unanimous All-America selections: quarterback and 1971 Heisman Trophy winner Pat Sullivan of Auburn; running backs Ed Marinaro of Cornell and Greg Pruitt of Oklahoma; receiver Terry Beasley of Auburn; tackle Jerry Sisemore of Texas; guard Royce Smith of Georgia; defensive end Walt Patulski of Notre Dame; linebacker Mike Taylor of Michigan; and defensive back Bobby Majors of Tennessee.

Consensus All-Americans
The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans for the year 1971 and displays which first-team designations they received.

Offense

Receivers

 Terry Beasley, Auburn (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Johnny Rodgers, Nebraska (AFCA, AP-2, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, WC)
 Mike Siani, Villanova (NEA-2, UPI-2, TSN)
 Tom Gatewood, Notre Dame (UPI-2, Time)
 Cliff Branch, Colorado (FN)
 Rhett Dawson, Florida State (AP-3)

Tight ends

 Riley Odoms, Houston (AP-3, NEA-2 [receiver], Time, TSN)
 Doug Kingsriter, Minnesota (AP-1)
 Charles Young, USC (AP-2)

Tackles

 Jerry Sisemore, Texas (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, WC)
 Dave Joyner, Penn State (AFCA, AP-2, FWAA, NEA-2, UPI-1, FN, WC)
 John Vella, USC (AP-1, NEA-1, UPI-2, FN, TSN)
 John Hannah, Alabama (AFCA, UPI-2)
 Tom Drougas, Oregon (TSN)
 Lionel Antoine, Southern Illinois (Time)
 Tom Luken, Purdue (AP-2, NEA-2 [OG])
 Carl Johnson, Nebraska (AP-3)
 Mike Stark, Memphis State (AP-3)

Guards

 Reggie McKenzie, Michigan (AP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Royce Smith, Georgia (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Gordon Gravelle, BYU (AP-2, NEA-2)
 John Hannah, Alabama (AP-2)
 Dick Rupert, Nebraska (AP-3, UPI-2)
 B. C. Williams, West Virginia (AP-3)
 Ken Jones, Oklahoma (UPI-2)

Centers

 Tom Brahaney, Oklahoma (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, UPI-2, FN, WC)
 Tom DeLeone, Ohio State (AP-2, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN)
 Dave Dalby, UCLA (AP-3, NEA-2, TSN)

Quarterbacks

 Pat Sullivan, Auburn (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, TSN, WC)
 Chuck Ealey, Toledo, (AP-3, FWAA, UPI-2, FN)
 Jerry Tagge, Nebraska (AP-2, FN)
 Jack Mildren, Oklahoma (NEA-2, FN)
 John Reaves, Florida (Time)

Running backs

 Ed Marinaro, Cornell (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN)
 Greg Pruitt, Oklahoma (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, WC)
 Johnny Musso, Alabama (AFCA, AP-2, FWAA, NEA-2, UPI-1, FN, WC)
 Ahmad Rashad (born Bobby Moore), Oregon (AP-3, NEA-1, UPI-2, FN, Time, TSN)
 Lydell Mitchell, Penn State (AP-1, NEA-2, UPI-2, FN)
 Eric Allen, Michigan State (AFCA, AP-2, NEA-2)
 Billy Taylor, Michigan (AP-3, UPI-2, FN)
 Robert Newhouse, Houston (AP-2)
 Jeff Kinney, Nebraska (AP-3)

Defense

Defensive ends

 Walt Patulski, Notre Dame (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Willie Harper, Nebraska (AP-2, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, WC)
 Smylie Gebhart, Georgia Tech (AP-1)
 Robin Parkhouse, Alabama (AP-2, NEA-2, UPI-2)
 Junior Ah You, Arizona State (UPI-2)
 Mike Keller, Michigan (AP-3)
 Gene Ogilvie, Air Force (AP-3)

Defensive tackles

 Larry Jacobson, Nebraska (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-2 [OT], UPI-1, Time)
 Mel Long, Toledo  (AP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1)
 Sherman White, California (AFCA, AP-2, FWAA, NEA-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Herb Orvis, Colorado (AFCA, AP-3, NEA-2 [DE], UPI-2, TSN [DE], WC)
 Mike Kadish, Notre Dame (Time, TSN)
 Ron Estay, LSU (AFCA [guard], AP-2, NEA-2 [MG], UPI-2)
 Pete Lazetich, Stanford (NEA-2, FN)

Middle guards

 Rich Glover, Nebraska (AP-1, NEA-1, WC)
 Ron Curl, Michigan State (AFCA, AP-3, NEA-2)
 Doug Krause, Miami (OH) (AP-2)
 Bud Magrum, Colorado (AP-3)

Linebackers

 Mike Taylor, Michigan (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Jeff Siemon, Stanford (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, UPI-1, FN, Time)
 Jackie Walker, Tennessee (FWAA, NEA-2, UPI-1, FN, WC)
 Dave Chaney, San Jose State (AP-1, NEA-1, UPI-2)
 Willie Hall, Southern California (AP-2, UPI-2, Time, TSN, FN)
 Chuck Zapiec, Penn State (AP-3, NEA-1)
 Mark Arneson, Arizona (TSN)
Rodrigo Barnes, Rice (UPI-2)
 Ralph Cindrich, Pittsburgh (AP-2, NEA-2)
 Joe Federspiel, Kentucky (AP-2)
 Steve Aycock, Oklahoma (UPI-2)
 Bill Light, Minnesota (AP-3)
 Harold Sears, Miami (FL) (AP-3)

Defensive backs

 Bobby Majors, Tennessee (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Clarence Ellis, Notre Dame (AFCA, AP-1, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Tommy Casanova, LSU (FWAA, UPI-1, FN, Time, WC)
 Ernie Jackson, Duke (AFCA, AP-2, FWAA)
 Brad Van Pelt, Michigan State (AP-3, UPI-1, FN)
 Willie Buchanon, San Diego State (NEA-2, Time, TSN)
 Thom Darden, Michigan (AFCA, AP-2, UPI-2, TSN)
 Eric Hutchinson, Northwestern (FWAA, NEA-2, UPI-2)
 Dickie Harris, South Carolina (UPI-2, WC)
 Craig Clemons, Iowa (NEA-1, TSN)
 Windlan Hall, Arizona State (AP-3, NEA-2 [LB], UPI-2, FN)
 Tom Myers, Syracuse (AP-1)
 Robert Popelka, SMU (AP-2)
 Ralph McGill, Tulsa (AP-3, NEA-2)

Special teams

Kickers

 Bill McClard, Arkansas (FWAA TSN)
 Chester Marcol, Hillsdale College (Time)

Punters

 Marv Bateman, Utah (TSN, Time)

Key

 Bold – Consensus All-American
 -1 – First-team selection
 -2 – Second-team selection
 -3 – Third-team selection

Official selectors
 AFCA – American Football Coaches Association for Kodak
 AP – Associated Press
 FWAA – Football Writers Association of America
 NEA – Newspaper Enterprise Association
 UPI – United Press International

Other selectors
 FN – Football News
 Time – Time magazine
 TSN – The Sporting News
 PFW – Pro Football Weekly
 WC – Walter Camp Football Foundation

See also
 1971 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team
 1971 All-Big Eight Conference football team
 1971 All-Big Ten Conference football team
 1971 All-Pacific-8 Conference football team
 1971 All-SEC football team
 1971 All-Southwest Conference football team

References

All-America Team
College Football All-America Teams


The Tibet Institute Rikon is a Tibetan monastery located in Zell-Rikon im Tösstal in the Töss Valley in Switzerland. It was established as a non-profit foundation in 1968, because Swiss laws resulting from the 19th century secularization movement did not allow for the establishment of new monasteries until 1973.

History
In 1961, Switzerland was one of the first countries in the West that allowed Tibetan refugees to settle in large numbers. Henri and Jacques Kuhn (owner of Metallwarenfabrik AG Heinrich Kuhn, now Kuhn Rikon AG) offered work and accommodations to a group of refugees. They helped found a monastic Tibet Institute for spiritual and cultural care of Tibetan people in Switzerland, which would also preserve and maintain the Tibetan culture for future generations. Jacques Kuhn supported the monastic community until his death in January 2017.

The Tibet-Institut Rikon is the only monastery outside Asia that was founded on behalf of the Dalai Lama. It was inaugurated on 9 November 1968 under the name „Kloster zum Rad der Lehre„ (literally: Monastery for the Wheel of Teaching) - but as a “Monastic Tibet Institute,” as the founding of a monastery was not permitted under the then Swiss federal constitution. The Dalai Lama was also not present at the inauguration: the Federal Council banned him from entering the country. He visited the monastery for the first time in 1973. The monastic community in Rikon claims to be the only Tibetan monastery in the West. The monastic Tibet Institute in Rikon was established according to the advice and under the patronage of the 14th Dalai Lama, who emphasized the importance of monasteries for Tibetan people in exile. The Dalai Lama sent an abbot and four monks to Rikon from India. The institute's buildings were designed by architect Ueli Flück (Baden AG), and the foundation stone was laid on 29 July 1967. On 9 November 1968 the monastic Tibet Institute was consecrated by the Dalai Lama's two principal teachers, Trijang Rinpoche and Ling Rinpoche, under the name "Kloster zum Rad der Lehre" (literally: Monastery for the Wheel of Teaching). On 8 April 2010 the 14th Dalai Lama visited the monastery community in Rikon for the 14th time, and was warmly received by Tibetan people, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of Tibetan refugees in Switzerland. The 14th Dalai Lama visited the monastic community again in 2013, 2015 and 2016.

Institute's building

The Institute building was designed in a functional western style which incorporates traditional Tibetan elements. The overall design was not based on traditional Tibetan sacred architecture, because this would have reflected the altered role of a Tibetan monastery in the West in a misleading manner.

Cultural and religious life
Today the Buddhist monastery and its monastic community is a vital part of the cultural and religious life of Tibetan people in Switzerland. The large variety of cultural activities of the Tibet Institute also provide an important forum for the constantly growing number of Western people interested in Buddhism and Tibet. The institute promotes the understanding of Tibetan culture for both the general public and for specialists. It organizes public events, maintains its own library, issues its own publications, provides support to students and researchers, engages in public relations and outreach, and maintains contacts with related institutions. Its project «Science meets Dharma» provides Tibetan monks and nuns access to western scientific culture.

The Tibet Institute Rikon provides for the spiritual and cultural needs of Tibetans in Switzerland, striving to preserve Tibetan culture and religion for the benefit of future generations of Tibetans. It makes Tibetan culture accessible to interested western and other non-Tibetan people. The monastic community supports scientific research in the field of Tibetology and is promoting dialogue between Buddhist philosophy and western science.

The institute also has a publicly accessible special library. With around 11,000 titles of Tibetan-specific documents, it is one of the world's largest Tibetan specialist libraries. The monastery is supported by a foundation that finances about one third of the annual operating expenses. Two thirds come from patrons and sponsors.

Today there are about 8,000 people with Tibetan roots living in Switzerland. In the 1960s, Switzerland took in over a thousand Tibetan refugees. This was after a popular uprising by the Tibetans against Chinese foreign rule failed in 1959 and the Dalai Lama and thousands of his compatriots fled abroad. Switzerland was the first European country to receive Tibetan refugees. In September 2018 the monastery celebrated its 50th anniversary. Once again the Dalai Lama visited the monastic community, and also a special moment for the Tibetan community in Switzerland.

Monastic community
In 2018 the monastic community in Rikon comprises seven Buddhist monks and the abbot who has been in office since 2011. They represent the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. Together with the staff of the institute, they organize events on topics related to Tibetan culture and religion. Also, 20 to 30 school classes visit the monastery every year. In 2009 the monastic community comprised 9 Tibetan monks. Geshe Phuntsok Tashi, the fourth abbot, was appointed by the 14th Dalai Lama in 1996. Since 2007 the monastery has had representatives of all four great traditions of Tibetan Buddhism: Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug.
 Geshe Ugyen Tseten (1st abbot, 1967–1974)
 Geshe Tamdin Rabten (2nd abbot, 1975–1979)
 Geshe Gedün Sangpo (3rd abbot, 1979–1995)
 Geshe Phuntsok Tashi (4th abbot, 1996–2010)
 Geshe Thupten Legmen (5th abbot, since 2011)

See also
Tibetan Swiss

References

Publications
 Dahortshang, Champa N. Lodro; Tibetan manuscripts, blockprints and modern editions in the library of the Tibetan Institute at Rikon/Zurich; Rikon 1974 (Tibet-Institut)
 Fürstenberger, Mattias; Schuler, Samuel; Wäger, Lukas; Tibeter in der Schweiz: Kloster Rikon als spirituelles Zentrum; St. Gallen 2004
 Hürsch, Thomas; Lindegger-Stauffer, Peter; Katalog der Sekundärliteratur am Tibet-Institut Rikon/Zürich; Rikon 1973 (Tibet-Institut)
 Kuhn, Jacques; Warum ein tibetisches Kloster in Rikon{?; Rikon 1996 (Tibet-Institut)
 Wangpo Tethong; Der Wandel in der politischen Elite der Tibeter im Exil: Integrations- & Desintegrationsprozesse in der politischen Elite, 1950 bis 1979; 2000 (Tibet Institute Rikon),

External links

Tibetan Buddhist monasteries
Tibetan Buddhist places
Tibetology
Buildings and structures in the canton of Zürich
Buddhist temples in Switzerland
Tibetan Buddhism in Switzerland
1968 establishments in Switzerland
Religious organisations based in Switzerland
Libraries established in 1968
Tibetan literature
Libraries in Switzerland
Educational institutions established in 1968
Religious organizations established in 1968


John and Yoko: A Love Story is a 1985 American made-for-television biographical film that chronicles the lives of John Lennon and Yoko Ono, beginning just before they met in 1966 and concluding with Lennon's murder in 1980. The movie was made with the co-operation of Ono, who controlled the song rights. It was directed by Sandor Stern and stars Mark McGann as Lennon and Kim Miyori as Ono.

Plot

On August 19, 1966, protestors burn their Beatles records and paraphernalia after Lennon says The Beatles are more popular than Jesus. When a firecracker is thrown onto the stage the group decides to stop touring.

John meets Yoko Ono, who is married and has a daughter. John brings her to the studio with him, causing friction with the other Beatles. The Beatles manager, Brian Epstein, dies of an accidental overdose of sleeping pills. John develops a crush on Yoko.

In 1968, The Beatles and their partners travel to India for transcendental meditation with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. On his return, John invites Yoko to his house while their partners are both away. They record songs together and consummate their relationship at dawn.

John and Yoko stage art exhibitions and plant acorns for peace. John is arrested for possession of hashish, and Paul bails him out. Yoko miscarries John's baby. John, Yoko, Kyoko, and Julian are hurt in a car accident. Paul marries Linda Eastman, and John marries Yoko in Gibraltar. He starts playing with Yoko's Plastic Ono Band.

John and Yoko stage "Bed-Ins for Peace" in Amsterdam and Montreal, which receive wide attention. Paul signs with his father in-law Lee Eastman as manager; John, George, and Ringo sign with Allen Klein. Yoko again miscarries. In 1970, The Beatles disband and Yoko is widely blamed by the public.

A year later, Yoko's ex-husband Tony Cox refuses to let Yoko see their daughter Kyoko, in breach of the granting of joint custody. Yoko takes Kyoko during a trip to Mallorca, Spain, but is charged with kidnapping.

In 1971, John and Yoko emigrate to New York where he records his hit solo album Imagine. They are threatened with deportation, spied on, and their house is bugged. Tony is jailed for denying access to Kyoko. Yoko obtains full custody of Kyoko but does not know where she is.

Upset at Richard Nixon's 1972 re-election, John gets drunk and has sex with another woman, prompting Yoko to say she still loves him but that they need time apart. He goes to Los Angeles and begins an affair with music producer May Pang. He and Harry Nilsson are thrown out of the Troubadour nightclub for drunkenly heckling The Smothers Brothers.

In 1974 Nixon resigns and Elton John collaborates on Lennon's song "Whatever Gets You Through the Night" for his new album Walls and Bridges, and makes a deal for a concert appearance if the song hits #1. When it does, Lennon joins Elton's Madison Square Garden concert in November, and sings "Whatever Gets You Through the Night" with him. Afterwards, John encounters Yoko backstage and Elton reveals he had known she was in the audience. John and Yoko reunite, and on October 9, 1975, John's 35th birthday, Yoko gives birth by Cesarian section to their son Sean. John learns that the deportation order against him has been overturned.

John decides to retire to raise Sean for the first five years of his life, becoming a house spouse while Yoko runs a business. Three years later, Julian visits John and has a jamming session with him and three-year-old Sean. Kyoko wants to visit for Christmas but is unable to, leaving Yoko sad.

In 1980, John is amazed by new-wave music and starts writing songs again for a new album. John and Yoko record first Double Fantasy, and then Milk and Honey.

On December 8, after a recording session, John suggests they go on tour when the album is released. Yoko asks that they go and eat, but John wants to go home and see Sean. After arriving, John hears his name called, and turns to face a man pointing a gun at him and about to shoot.

Main cast

Production
The production of the movie required various song rights only available from Yoko Ono, thereby granting her some control over the content. John J. McMahon was executive producer, and Sandor Stern wrote and directed. Stern was chosen after a script by Edward Hume was rejected by Ono after it depicted too much drug abuse.

Mark Lindsay was originally considered for the role of John Lennon. Yoko Ono had been deeply involved in the production and had herself been initially impressed with his audition and approved his casting prior to discovering his full name was Mark Lindsay Chapman. She then nixed his casting on the grounds it was "bad karma" as his name was similar to Mark David Chapman. Lindsay was quietly paid off and the role went to Mark McGann. Eventually Lindsay did portray Lennon, in the film Chapter 27 (2007), which ironically had Mark David Chapman as the lead character.

Mike Myers has an early uncredited appearance in the film as a young deliveryman.

Reviews
John J. O'Connor's review in The New York Times praised the acting of McGann and Miyori in the title roles. However, he found the movie to be often "ploddingly dull" and the songs the "best part of the show."

References

External links

1985 television films
1985 films
1980s American films
1980s biographical films
American biographical films
Biographical television films
Carson Productions films
Cultural depictions of Yoko Ono
Cultural depictions of the Beatles
Films about the Beatles
Films about John Lennon
Films directed by Sandor Stern
NBC network original films
Television programmes about the Beatles


Orient Overseas (International) Limited (OOIL) is a Hong Kong, China based investment holding company involved in international transportation and logistics, and property investment and property development. It is the parent company of Orient Overseas Container Line (OOCL), one of the world's largest container shipping companies.

History

Orient Overseas
Founder of Orient Overseas, Tung Chao-yung, operated the first all-Chinese crewed ship between Hong Kong and Europe and the east coast of the United States in 1947. However, Tung Chao-yung already established his Hong Kong operation in 1937. He was the vice-president of Shipowners Association in Tianjin at that time.

Tung Chao-yung then named the company Orient Overseas Line. In 1969, the business was renamed as Orient Overseas Container Line.

The holding company of the group, Orient Overseas Container (Holdings) Limited, was incorporated on 27 February 1973. It was a listed company in Hong Kong,  and Kam Ngan stock exchanges since May 1973. These exchanges were merged in 1986. Jardine Matheson was a minority shareholder of the listed company.

In 1973, Orient Overseas Line purchased passenger liner SS President Cleveland and renamed Oriental President.

In 1974, Orient Overseas Container (Holdings) acquired a bulk freighter company from the Tung family's C.Y. Tung Group, for HK$43 million. In 1976, the listed company acquired additional assets from the Tung family, including two container ships and 33% shares of another container shipping company, Dart Container Service.

In 1980, Orient Overseas Container (Holdings) acquired a British shipping company, Furness, Withy & Co.

Shortly before the death of Tung Chao-yung in 1982, Tung Chee-hwa, his eldest son, succeeded to be the chairman of Orient Overseas.

In 1983, Orient Overseas Container (Holdings) Limited, was renamed to Orient Overseas (Holdings) Limited.

In February 1986, Orient Overseas (Holdings) Limited submitted a plan to the creditors for re-structuring the group of companies, including the formation of a new business unit centered on Orient Overseas Container Line Limited. In October, Crédit Commercial de France cancelled the application to the court on liquidate Orient Overseas. Orient Overseas was suspended in the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK) due to its financial problem, which the suspension was lifted in February 1987. In the same year, Orient Overseas announced to consider to close down the oil drilling business unit. In November, the group announced to sell some subsidiaries of group, such as Kuwait Hong Kong General Insurance and others companies. The insurance and oil drilling businesses were acquired by China Merchants Group.

In May 1988, Orient Overseas acquired additional stakes in the Terminal No. 2, 4 and 6 of Kwai Tsing Container Terminals from Hongkong International Terminals Limited.

Orient Overseas (International) Limited
Orient Overseas (International) Limited (OOIL), was incorporated in Bermuda on 29 July 1986. Some time later, it became the new holding company of the group. OOIL became a listed company on 31 July 1992. OOIL's predecessor, Orient Overseas (Holdings) Limited (OOHL), ceased to become a listed company in the same year. Each OOHL's share is offered 1.08431411 shares of OOIL in exchange. Orient Overseas (Holdings) was deregistered and dissolved in 2005.

The listed company also sold the stake in Furness Withy and the Kwai Tsing Container Terminals during its restructuring. The company paid dividend again in 1994, the first time since the restructuring.

In 1996, Tung Chee-chen, Tung Chao-yung's younger son and Tung Chee-wah's younger brother, took over the chairman position of OOIL, since Tung Chee-wah's election as Chief Executive of Hong Kong.

In 2006, Orient Overseas sold four container terminals to the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan.

In July 2017, OOIL received a US$6.3 billion take over bid from its Chinese rival, COSCO Shipping. The bid has been accepted by the Tung family, subject to shareholder and regulatory approval. The takeover was completed in 2018.

In April 2019, OOIL sold a container terminal in Long Beach to Macquarie Group for US$1.78 billion.

In May 2019, Amnesty International was denied to lease Wall Street Plaza, an office building located in New York. The building is owned by Orient Overseas' subsidiary, Orient Overseas Associates.

References

External links

Conglomerate companies of Hong Kong
Logistics companies of China
Shipping companies of Hong Kong
Shipping companies of Bermuda
Transport companies established in 1947
1947 establishments in Hong Kong
Transport companies established in 1986
1986 establishments in Hong Kong
Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
COSCO Shipping
Offshore companies of Bermuda


Nepalese Americans are Americans of Nepalese ancestry. Immigration from Nepal to the United States began in the 20th century, and many have been able to establish themselves as American nationals. The history of immigration from Nepal to America is more recent in comparison to other South Asian ethnic groups. Major community groups of Nepali Americans consists of Khas, followed by minority Newars, Tharus, Tamangs, Gurungs, Limbus, Rais, Magar, Madhesis, Lhotshampas, Sherpas, and others, as of American Nepalese Convention Survey of 2018.

History
Nepali Americans began migrating to the United States in the early 20th century.
The first Nepalese immigrants to enter the United States were classified as "other Asian". Nepalese Americans were first classified as a separate ethnic group in 1974 when 56 Nepalese people had immigrated to the United States. The number of immigrants from Nepal remained below 100 per year until 1992.

According to the 1990 U.S. Census, there were 2,616 Americans with Nepalese ancestry. Fewer than 100 Nepalese immigrants became U.S. citizens each year, but the number of Nepalese who become legal residents had grown steadily from 78 in 1987 to 431 in 1996. The Nepalese community experienced significant growth in population during the 2000s. The poor political and economic conditions caused by the Nepalese Civil War marked increased emigration from Nepal. Now, significant communities of Nepali-Americans exist in large metropolitan areas such as Texas, New York City, Boston, Chicago, Denver, Gainesville, Florida, Philadelphia, PA Portland, Oregon, and Saint Paul, Minnesota. Sizable numbers also live in various cities of California, such as Artesia (1.2% Nepalese American) and Sonoma (0.6%). Gradually, this community has been integrating into mainstream politics. Harry Bhandari became the first Nepalese American to be elected to public office when he won a State Delegate race in Maryland in 2018. Bhandari beat an incumbent and has become the first minority to win any election in the history of the majority White American district.

Communities in the United States
As of 2010, the largest communities of Nepalese were in the following cities:
New York, NY - 60,000 (0.07% of total populace)
Columbus, OH - 20,000 (0.96% of total populace)
Sonoma, CA - 2,352 (0.06% of total populace)
Irving, TX - 1,507 (0.6% of total populace)
Houston - 833 (0.03% of total populace)
Somerville, MA - 752 (1.0% of total populace)
Chicago - 534 (0.02% of total populace)
Fort Worth, TX - 502 (0.07% of total populace)
Arlington, VA - 473 (0.2% of total populace)
Denver, CO - 413 (0.04% of total populace)
Aurora, CO - 362 (0.1% of total populace)

According to estimates from the American Community Survey for 2015-2019, there were 140,900 Nepalese immigrants in the U.S. of that number, the top counties of settlement were as follows:

1) Queens Borough, NY -------------------------- 8,100

2) Tarrant County, TX ----------------------------- 6,300

3) Dallas County, TX ------------------------------- 4,900

4) Middlesex County, Mass -------------------  3,500

5) Fairfax County, VA ----------------------------- 3,400

6) Harris County, TX ------------------------------ 2,900

7) Los Angeles County, CA -------------------- 2,600

8) Contra Costa County, CA ------------------ 2,500

9) Baltimore County, MD ----------------------- 2,400

10) Franklin County, OH ------------------------ 2,300

11) Alameda County, CA ----------------------- 2,100

12) Summit County, OH ------------------------ 2,000

13) Santa Clara County, CA ------------------ 2,000

14) Orange County, CA ------------------------- 1,800

15) Montgomery County, MD --------------- 1,800

16) Prince William County, VA -------------- 1,700

17) King County, WA ---------------------------- 1,600

18) Wake County, N.C. ------------------------- 1,500

19) DeKalb County, GA ------------------------ 1,500

20) Cook County, Illinois ---------------------- 1,500

21) Mecklenburg County, N.C. ------------- 1,400

22) Douglas County, NEB ---------------------- 1,400

23) Salt Lake County, UT ----------------------- 1,300

24) Hillsborough County, NH ----------------- 1,300

25) Dauphin County, PA ------------------------- 1,300

Ethnic Nepali Bhutanese American

Bhutanese refugees are the group of people of Nepali origin who were expelled from Bhutan and temporarily settled in various refugee camps in the eastern parts of Nepal.  Since 2008, many Bhutanese refugees have been resettled in different parts of the world and the U.S. There are 96,581 Bhutanese refugees in the U.S. alone. As many Bhutanese came to the U.S. from Nepal as political refugees from that country and are registered as Nepalese Americans; often leading to the actual numbers of Bhutanese Americans being underreported

Cultural celebrations
From the mid-1980s, the Nepalese community in the United States began to develop a series of social, cultural and charitable networks, which include the celebration of certain religious and cultural moments as Sakela, Losar, Dasain, Tihar, Chhath and the Nepali New Year. They also participated in local cultural events such as Pacific Rogers and Park Fest interfaith community festivals.

Community and economic issues

Poverty
According to data collected by the Pew Research Center, Nepali American median household income in 2019 was $55,000 a year, significantly less than the $85,800 median of all Asians and the $68,000 of all Americans. Further demonstrating the economic deprivation of Nepali Americans, 17 percent of them are at poverty or lower, significantly higher than the 10 percent of Asians at poverty or lower and the 11 percent of all Americans at poverty or lower.

Notable people

See also

 List of Nepal-related topics
 Nepal
 Nepalese Canadians
 Nepalese Australians
 Nepalis in the United Kingdom
 Bhutanese Americans
 Nepal–United States relations

References

Further reading
 Miller, Olivia. "Nepalese Americans." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 3, Gale, 2014), pp. 277–288. Online
 Mishra, P. B. “Nepalese Migrants in the United States of America: Perspectives on Their Exodus, Assimilation Pattern and Commitment to Nepal.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 37#9 (2011): 1527–37.

External links
  Nepal Study Center, University of New Mexico
 Embassy of Nepal in U.S.A.
 Nepalese American: Facts and Statistics

Asian-American society
American people of Nepalese descent
Nepalese American
American
South Asian American


Downtown East can refer to:

Downtown East, Minneapolis
Downtown East/Metrodome (Metro Transit station), a light rail station in the above neighborhood
Downtown Eastside, Vancouver
Downtown East Village, Calgary
NTUC Downtown East, a lifestyle hub in northeast Singapore


The North Fork Clackamas River is a tributary, about  long, of the Clackamas River in the U.S. state of Oregon. Originating at nearly  above sea level on the west side of the Cascade Range, it flows westward through Mount Hood National Forest. It joins the Clackamas at North Fork Reservoir, about  from the larger river's confluence with the Willamette River. From source to mouth, the following tributaries enter the river: Dry Creek from the right bank, Boyer Creek from the left bank, then Whiskey, Bedford, Bee, and Fall creeks, all from the right.

Elevations in the watershed range from  in the headwaters on Tumala Mountain to  at the river mouth. Prominent landforms include Ladee Flats, a flat-topped ridge composed of lava flows resistant to erosion. The North Fork valley is narrow and steep, and a  waterfall  from the mouth limits passage of migratory fish. Native rainbow and cutthroat trout are found in the upper river and its tributaries, while the lower river has winter and summer steelhead, coho salmon, spring chinook, and stocked rainbow trout.

See also
List of rivers of Oregon

References

Works cited
 North Fork Clackamas River Watershed Analysis: Final Report (1996). United States Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. Retrieved on March 19, 2009.

External links
Clackamas River Basin Council

Rivers of Oregon
Rivers of Clackamas County, Oregon