Hunting Flies () is a 1969 Polish comedy film directed by Andrzej Wajda. It was entered into the 1969 Cannes Film Festival.

Plot
Włodek (Zygmunt Malanowicz) is a young man who is stuck in a boring job in a library. He lives in a small apartment with his wife, son and in-laws. His family life is oppressive due to constant nagging by his wife, who wants to move to a bigger apartment. His father-in-law has an obsession with flies. His son is glued to the television set. Włodek's life changes when he meets a young woman, Irena (Małgorzata Braunek), who fascinates him with her striking appearance and impressive vocabulary. They set off on a short trip together. Their affair is more intellectual than physical. Irena seeks to control Włodek and make him a successful man as imagined by her. Włodek manages to regain control of his life just in time.

Cast
 Zygmunt Malanowicz - Włodek
 Małgorzata Braunek - Irena
 Ewa Skarzanka - Hanka, Włodek's wife
 Hanna Skarzanka - Hanka's mother
 Józef Pieracki - Hanka's father
 Daniel Olbrychski - Sculptor
 Irena Dziedzic - Journalist
 Leszek Drogosz - Militiaman
 Jacek Fedorowicz - Director
 Marek Grechuta - V.I.P.'s Son
 Irena Laskowska - Editor's Wife
 Julia Bratna - Girl
 M. Ziólkowski - Boy
 Leon Bukowiecki - Editor
 Krzysztof Burnatowicz

Reception
The film, when released, was well received by some critics, which led to its being shortlisted for the Palme d'Or at Cannes. However, the portrayal of women in the film came in for adverse comments. One critic remarked: "the film's stale misogyny doesn't reflect well on [Wajda] ..." Accepting the criticism, Andrzej Wajda wrote later: "I willingly accepted Janusz Glowacki's film script without giving it much thought. Driven by frustration of temporary personal misadventures, I decided to settle the score with women who try to control men's lives. ... Unfortunately, my faculties were dimmed by my temporary disgust with women ... I lacked clear judgement and had to pay for it. ... what resulted was a fairly colourless film."

Hunting Flies has attracted critical attention as a film which is atypical of Wajda's work. As a 2016 reviewer writes: "With Hunting Flies Andrzej Wajda clearly deviated from his usual style and gave us a satiric bitter-sweet picture of young adults being trapped in various social deals, family issues, class system (still visible) – just like eponymous flies stuck to a flypaper."

References

External links

1969 films
1960s Polish-language films
1969 comedy films
Films directed by Andrzej Wajda
Polish comedy films


The Modjeska Monteith Simkins House is a historic place of the civil rights movement. The house, which was owned by Modjeska Monteith Simkins, is located at 2025 Marion Street in Columbia, South Carolina. On March 25, 1994, it was named to the National Register of Historic Places.

Architecture

The house is on a  by  lot on the west side of Marion Street between Elmwood Avenue and Calhoun Street. It is located nearly one block north of the Columbia Historic District II.

The house is a modest, -story, wooden frame house with an L-shaped plan, side-gabled roof, and shed-roof front porch. The house has its original wooden weatherboard siding. The house was originally built on clay brick piers, but the open spaces were later filled with clay brick. The roof is covered with asphalt composition shingles. There are three interior brick chimneys with corbelling. The upper half-story is for storage.

The windows appear to be original. The front of the house has two double-hung, six-over-six, windows on each side of the door. The front wood-paneled door has a transom and sidelights. The porch extends over the door and two windows. The porch has chamfered posts and turned baluster railings. The steps have cast iron railings that have replaced the original wooden railing.

The interior has a center hall plan with a rear extension kitchen. The front of the house has a living room and a bedroom. There are two additional bedrooms at the back. Each of these four rooms has a fireplace. The original floor was replaced with wooden pine floorboards by Andrew Simkins.

Other modifications to the house include a shed-roof bathroom at the rear built in the mid-twentieth century. Iron bars have been placed over the windows in the 1960s.

There is a one-story, three-room building of similar construction at the rear of the property that was probably built around the same time as the main house. This was probably used as a guest house for visiting civil rights workers.

History

Although an oral tradition indicates that the house was built before the Civil War, it is likely constructed c. 1900. The Simkins family moved into the house in 1932.

After Modejska Simkins death in 1992, the house was vacant for a period. In 1995, the Collaborative for Community Trust, which is a Columbia non-profit organization addressing social change, raised US$60,000 towards purchasing the house. They won a stabilization grant from the South Carolina State Historic Preservation Office. They also received funds from the City of Columbia for the conversion of the house into a museum about Simkins and her work and for a headquarters for their organization. Additional support came from the National Trust for Historic Preservation, the Historic Charleston Foundation, the Historic Columbia Foundation, and the Columbia Housing Authority.

The house is currently managed by the Historic Columbia Foundation. The house is not routinely open for tours but group visits and meeting space may be arranged.

Significance

The house was the residence, private office of Modjeska Simkins, and guest accommodations for visiting civil rights workers. Her most important contribution was probably her work on Briggs v. Elliott, which became part of the ground-breaking Brown v. Board of Education decision that overturned previous court decisions allowing separate public schools for children of different races. Thurgood Marshall stayed here when the local hotels did not allow African-Americans to register.

A historic marker has been erected at the Modeska Monteith Simkins House as one of those honoring African American historic sites in Columbia.

References

External links

 Modjeska Monteith Simkins House - Historic Columbia Foundation

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Houses in Columbia, South Carolina
African-American history of South Carolina
Tourist attractions in Columbia, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Columbia, South Carolina


Lasswade and Rosewell Parish Church serves the communities of Lasswade, Poltonhall and Rosewell, Midlothian, Scotland. It is a congregation of the Church of Scotland.

Old Lasswade Parish Church

The pre-Reformation church was abandoned in 1793 and the bulk of the structure collapsed in 1866.

Notable ministers included Rev Prof James Fairlie who served from 1644 to 1658.

Lasswade
The congregation uses the former Lasswade United Presbyterian Church of Scotland (later United Free Church of Scotland) building, which became known as Lasswade Strathesk Church in 1929, following the union of the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church. In 1956 the Old Parish Church (subsequently demolished) and Strathesk Church united, following the discovery of a serious structural fault with the Old Parish Church building in the late 1940s.

Rosewell
The church was built in the 1870s, initially as a daughter church of Lasswade Parish Church.

In 1966 the Rev James H. Sinclair was ordained and inducted to Rosewell Parish Church - the last minister to serve Rosewell alone. Following his move to Selkirk in 1987, the parish was declared a "continuing vacancy" until 1991, when the church was "linked" with both Cockpen & Carrington Parish Church and Lasswade Parish Church.

Linkage and Union
Since 1977, Lasswade has been "linked" with Cockpen and Carrington Parish Church (i.e. share a minister). In 1991 both parishes were further linked with Rosewell Parish Church.

In 2008, due to low congregation levels at both parishes, Lasswade and Rosewell parish churches formally united, with a single Kirk Session, but retained both places of worship. The congregation is now officially known as "Lasswade and Rosewell Parish Church".

Ministry

Recent ministers
Lasswade:
To be added

Rosewell:
The Rev James Sinclair (1966-1987)

Lasswade and Rosewell:
The Rev Wendy Drake (1992-2007)
The Rev Matthew Ross (2009-2014)
The Rev Lorna M Souter

See also
List of Church of Scotland parishes

References

External links
Official website

Church of Scotland churches in Scotland
Churches in Midlothian
Category B listed buildings in Midlothian
Listed churches in Scotland
Bonnyrigg and Lasswade


Kuczaba is a mountain in the Owl Mountains, part of Central Sudetes. Its height is 654 meters. It lies in Owl Mountains Landscape Park.

The mountain located next to Jodłownik in Dzierżoniów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

Mountains of Poland


Compteromesa is a genus of midges in the non-biting midge family (Chironomidae).

Species
C. oconeensis Sæther, 1981

References

Chironomidae


Harry J. Bates (July 1890 – after 1912) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham.

Bates was born in Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire. An outside right who never turned professional, he played football for Ravensmoor and for Coventry City before joining Birmingham in 1912. He made his debut in the Second Division on 27 January 1912, in a 2–0 home win against Stockport County, and played once more that season and once in 1912–13, but failed to impress, and moved on to Walsall in the 1913 close season. Bates died in Birmingham.

References

1890 births
Year of death missing
Footballers from Sutton Coldfield
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Coventry City F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
English Football League players


The valley of the West Fork Foss River contains a fair amount of waterfalls. The river heads in a series of large lakes: Big Heart Lake, Angeline Lake, and Otter Lake- which form spectacular waterfalls as they plunge down to Delta Lake. On the valley walls downstream of Delta Lake, are found even more waterfalls.

There are a series of waterfalls occurring on the cliff where Malachite Lake and Copper Lake's outlet streams plunge down to meet the West Fork Foss River, in King County, Washington. This cliff drops thousands of feet into the basin of the West Fork, forming two sets of five waterfalls total. Two other waterfalls also drop down the cliff further downstream along the drainage. There are also some waterfalls on the West Fork itself.

Copper/Malachite Lakes Headwall
Waterfalls on the cliff separating the lakes and the West Fork below include Malachite Falls, Copper Lake Falls, and the Upper, Middle, and Lower Copper Falls. All these waterfalls are on a watercourse informally named Copper Creek. Falls are arranged proceeding downstream.

Copper Lake Falls

Copper Lake Falls is a waterfall about  upstream from Malachite Falls. Its three tiers total about  in height, and its tallest drop is . The two lower drops probably disappear into the talus they cascade over during lower stream flows, but the upper tier flows over rock hard enough to sustain it all year. The falls flows best from April to July.

The falls is found about  further on the trail from the viewpoint of Malachite Falls. In total, from the trailhead, the distance to the falls is about .

Malachite Falls

Malachite Falls is the waterfall formed where the outlet streams of Copper and Malachite lakes plunge parallel for about , before joining together. It stands about  tall, though this measurement is approximate. Despite the grand size of the falls, only portions of it are visible from any given spot, though the falls is visible for about  along the West Fork Foss Trail (#1062). The segment of the falls that flows from Copper Lake is easiest to see, while the segment from Malachite Lake is more difficult to see. The falls' best flows are from May to August.

The falls is reached by the West Fork Foss Trail #1062. The total hiking distance to the falls is about , with several stream crossings by log bridges.

Upper Copper Falls

Upper Copper Falls is the first of the three Copper Falls along Copper Creek. Well downstream from the much larger Malachite Falls and Copper Lake Falls, the segmented falls is about  high, and quite photogenic. One segment of the falls probably dries up during lower stream flows, as it most probably cascades over talus. The falls' best flows are perennial.

Below the main falls, there is another  drop over a bulbous rock ledge.

The falls is visible from the West Fork Foss Lakes trail. After about  from the trailhead, the falls is visible through trees. Several  long paths lead upstream to the base of the falls.

Middle Copper Falls

Middle Copper Falls is the second of the three Copper Falls. It drops about  over smooth, wide rock, and its highest drop is . During normal flows, its two tiers are said to be extremely pretty. In flood, the falls becomes a single white sheet of water. The falls look very different from opposite banks of the stream.

Uniquely, the Foss River trail crosses the creek between Upper and Middle Copper Falls. Like Upper Copper Falls, several small paths lead down to Copper Creek, to places where one can view the falls.

Lower Copper Falls
Lower Copper Falls is a  drop through a narrow chute just downstream of the middle falls. However, it is not as easily viewed.

West Fork Foss River and Upper Valley
There are two major falls along the West Fork,

as well as one smaller tributary waterfall in the upper section of the valley.

Upper Foss River Falls

Lower Foss River Falls

Stairstep Falls
Stairstep Falls is a small, unspectacular waterfall on an unnamed stream flowing into the West Fork. About  tall, its highest drop is  tall. Its name comes from the rock steps it flows over.

Lower Valley
There are two tall but volume-lacking, glacially fed cascades in the lower part of the valley. One is over  tall.

Shoestring Falls

Sunray Falls

Above Delta Lake
Three large waterfalls flow from Big Heart, Angeline, and Otter lakes, and bear the same name.

Big Heart Falls

Angeline Falls

Otter Lake Falls
Otter Lake Falls is known to flow out of Otter Lake, which is adjacent to Angeline Lake.

See also
Alpine Lakes Wilderness Area

References

External links
West Fork Foss Lakes Trail

Waterfalls of King County, Washington


Monodiamesa is a genus of midges in the non-biting midge family (Chironomidae).

Species
M. alpicola (Brundin, 1952)
M. bathyphila (Kieffer, 1918)
M. bonalpicola Han & Tang, 2021
M. depectinata Sæther, 1973
M. ekmani (Brundin, 1949)
M. prolilobata Sæther, 1973
M. secunditibetica Han & Tang, 2021
M. tuberculata Sæther, 1973

References

Chironomidae


Kaplan Zaurbechevich Khuako (; born 17 April 1977) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player. He is the general director for FC Druzhba Maykop.

Club career
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 2007 for PFC Spartak Nalchik.

Personal life
His sons Tagir Khuako and Temir Khuako are now professional footballers.

References

1977 births
People from Maykop
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
PFC Spartak Nalchik players
Russian Premier League players
FC Metallurg Lipetsk players
FC SKA-Khabarovsk players
Sportspeople from Adygea
FC Druzhba Maykop players


Santullano is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in Salas, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is  in size, with a population of 38.

Villages and hamlets
El Monte
El Pozo (El Pozu)
La Peral
Mouroso (Mourosu) ()
Prada
Santullano (Santuyanu)

References

Parishes in Salas


Pleven TV tower (best known as Miziya Tower) is a telecommunication tower in Pleven, Bulgaria. It is located east of the Druzhba quarter of the city. The tower was opened in the 1960s; with height of 107 meters it is the tallest building in the city.

See also
 List of tallest structures in Bulgaria

References
РРТС Плевен - кв. Дружба

Towers in Bulgaria
Buildings and structures in Pleven
1960s establishments in Bulgaria


Odontomesa is a genus of midges in the non-biting midge family (Chironomidae).

Species
O. ferringtoni Sæther, 1985
O. fulva (Kieffer, 1919)
O. lutosopra (Garrett, 1925)

References

Chironomidae


Prodiamesa is a genus of midges in the non-biting midge family (Chironomidae).

Species
P. cubita Garrett, 1925
P. olivacea (Meigen, 1818)
P. rufovittata Goetghebuer, 1932

References

Chironomidae
Chironomoidea genera


The Radunia () is a hill in the Ślęża Masiff. Its height is 573 metres above sea level. It lies in Góra Radunia Nature Reserve.

The hill is situated in Dzierżoniów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

External links
 sudety.it
 przewodnik.onet.pl

Mountains of Poland


Assegai is Wilbur Smith's thirty-second novel, it follows The Triumph of the Sun in which the author brought the Courtney and Ballantyne series together. Assegai tells the story of Leon Courtney (son the Ryder Courtney) and is set in 1906 in Kenya. The events in the story are linked to and precede the outbreak of World War One.

Plot summary

Leon Courtney, the eldest son of Ryder Courtney leaves home after a fallout with his father, and joins the army with help from his uncle Penrod Ballantyne. Leon rises to become a second lieutenant in the King's African Rifles regiment based in Nairobi. During the period of the Nandi Resistance, Leon saves the life of Manyoro, one of his Maasai soldiers from a Nandi ambush, for which he is adopted as a son by Manyoro's mother Lusima, a shaman among the Maasai with powers of divination. After recovering from the battle at Manyoro and Lusima's village and returning to his base, Leon narrowly avoids being court-martialled by a vindictive superior officer, who accuses him of deserting his unit during the ambush, but he is cleared by Manyoro's testimony.

Despite his acquittal Leon's duties do nothing to improve his falling morale and he considers quitting the army to take up elephant hunting, based on a prediction made by Lusima. Penrod arranges for him to be placed as apprentice to professional hunter Percy Phillips in order to allow Leon to spy on movements of man and machine in German East Africa, as he suspects the Kaiser of preparing for war. Leon uses his contacts among the Maasai - gained from saving Manyoro's life - to establish a secret information and communications network between Nairobi and German East Africa, while Manyoro and Loikot, a young Maasai who had assisted Leon during his recovery, serve as his trackers.

Among Leon and Percy's clients are Theodore Roosevelt and his son Kermit, a fifty-two-year-old dominatrix German princess, and a crooked and cowardly English lord, who later gets Percy killed while fleeing from a charging buffalo. With Percy's death, Leon - whom Percy had come to see as a son - inherits his safari company and all of his assets. Penrod then uses his influence to arrange for Graf Otto von Meerbach, a wealthy industrialist connected to the German war effort, to hire Leon's services. Leon learns how to fly an aeroplane from Otto, and falls in love with Eva von Wellberg, Otto's mistress. Eva and Otto later use the safari to meet with Koos de la Rey, in which Otto agrees to support a Boer coup in South Africa, an act that would destabilize British power in the continent.

Otto later attempts to hunt a lion in the traditional Maasai way - with an assegai and shield - but he is mauled by a second lion during the hunt. Leon and Eva - who reciprocates Leon's feelings - flee to Lusima's village in the mountains, where they consummate their love for one another. Eva reveals that she is actually English, and that Otto had cheated her father out of the patents for his engine designs, driving him to poverty and suicide, after which Eva was recruited as a spy by the British government and sent to gather information from Otto by becoming his mistress. Leon and Eva briefly live together in Lusima's village, but Penrod discovers them and forces Eva to return to Otto, who has survived the lion's attack but lost his left forearm.

When World War I breaks out, Eva discovers that Otto plans to supply de la Rey with money and weapons transported via a large zeppelin named the Die Hummel, and passes the information onto Leon. Leon, Manyoro and Loikot use one of Otto's planes - left over from the safari - to intercept the Assegai and jam its engines with fishing nets, forcing it to crash. Otto and Eva both manage to bail out, and Eva attempts to kill Otto and avenge her father, only to be stopped by the crew of the Assegai. Otto tries to kill her, but is shot by Leon, who captures the rest of the crew and has Lusima's people hide the money from the Assegai in the mountains. After the war, Leon and Eva, now married, return and reclaim the hidden money.

Penrod Ballantyne

'Assegai' continues the Courtney series but still includes Penrod Ballantyne as a crucial character, not just to the plot but also to the main character - Leon Courtney. Though Penrod's role is not very large, his character has developed since the previous novel. In 'The Triumph of the Sun' he was a womanising but competent military officer and spy, in 'Assegai' he is a portly general in the king's army in British East Africa and a manipulative spymaster who exercises control over his agent.
.

Similarities with other Wilbur Smith characters and novels

The setting for 'Assegai' is similar to 'A Time To Die' by the same author. Both protagonists are sons of a wealthy businessmen, and now professional hunters / military officers whose missions are complicated by their love interests, whom they met through a client.

Graf Otto von Meerbach - the villain, is also similar to Osman Atalan - Penrod Ballantyne's nemesis from 'The Triumph of the Sun'. Both antagonists are larger-than-life characters, even stronger alpha-males than the protagonists seem to be. They are war-mongerers but subjects of the greater evil which is being dealt with by the British army in Africa.

External links
 Wilbur Smith's Website
 Assegai at factbehindfiction.com
Assegai at MacMillan

2009 British novels
Novels set in Kenya
Novels by Wilbur Smith
Fiction set in 1906
Macmillan Publishers books


"I Do Not Hook Up" is a song recorded by American singer Kelly Clarkson for her fourth studio album, All I Ever Wanted (2009), released as the second single from the album. It was written by Kara DioGuardi, Greg Wells and Katy Perry. Perry had originally written the song for One of the Boys, but following her removal from Def Jam, she gave the song and "Long Shot" to Clarkson. RCA Records serviced the song to mainstream radio in the United States on April 14, 2009. The song is a dance-rock and power pop song that is structured upon a muscular arrangement with lyrics about empowerment and healthy relationships.

The song received positive reviews from music critics, with many praising its arrangement and Clarkson's vocals. Some critics gave different interpretations of the song's message. It fared well domestically, peaking at number 20 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and sold nearly 700,000 downloads. It was also certified Gold in Canada and Australia, peaking within the top 20 in both markets. It failed to make as strong of an impact in several other international markets, peaking within the lower regions of the charts in countries like Austria and Germany. The accompanying music video was released in the United States on May 1, 2009.

Background
"I Do Not Hook Up" was written and composed by Katy Perry, Kara DioGuardi, and Greg Wells. The song was originally penned by Perry for a studio album made between Katy Hudson and One of the Boys but it never materialized and she gave this song, and "Long Shot" to Clarkson's label to be used in her fourth studio album All I Ever Wanted (2009). It was produced and programmed by Howard Benson, who with Jamie Muhoberac provided the keyboards featured on the track. Mike Plotnikoff was the engineer behind recording the song, which took place at three different studios in California: Bay7 Studios in Valley Village, Sparky Dark Studio in Calabasas, and Sunset Sound Studios in Hollywood. Graham Hope assisted Plotnikoff at Sunset Sound Studios in recording "I Do Not Hook Up". Instrumentation featured on the song, besides keyboards, includes the drums, bass, and guitars, which were performed by musicians Josh Freese, Paul Bushnell, and Phil X respectively. "I Do Not Hook Up" was released as the second single from All I Ever Wanted (2009). It was released to Russian radio on March 31, 2009, as the second single off the album. RCA Records serviced the song to contemporary hit radios on the week of April 14, 2009 in the United States.

Composition
"I Do Not Hook Up" is a melodic dance-rock and power pop song with a length of 3:20 (3 minutes and 20 seconds). The song is built around a muscular rock arrangement that is accompanied by danceable beats, guitar riff and strong vocals. According to the digital music sheet published at Musicnotes.com by EMI Music Publishing, it is written in the key of E major. The song is set in common time a follows a moderately fast tempo of 144 beats per minute. Clarkson's vocals ranged from B3 to an E5. Chuck Campbell of Boulder Daily Camera describes the song as "another flurry of almost desperate, albeit effective, rock/dance mania." Lyrically, "I Do Not Hook Up" is about keeping a healthy and romantic relationship alive. It has been viewed as a feisty independent-woman anthem by music critics. Other critics felt that the song's lyrics promote chastity. Jon Caramanica of The New York Times defines the song's lyrics to be about falling for an addict and dangling love as a tool for recovery.

Critical reception
Billboard'''s Kerri Mason, in her review of the album, comments that "she enunciates the heck out of two tunes co-written by Perry." Bill Lamb of About.com praised the song's hook, chorus and Clarkson's voice, writing that they take the record to the next level. He was dismissive of the song's arrangement, describing it as "standard rock". Lamb gave "I Do Not Hook Up" a four-star rating, stating that "Kelly Clarkson proves she knows her way all around a melodic rock song, and you will find yourself singing along." Ann Powers, a writer for Los Angeles Times, commented that it "should be heard by every teen girl contemplating chucking her purity ring." The Harvard Crimson writer Olivia S. Pei finds "I Do Not Hook Up" as a refreshing change from music like Katy Perry's single "I Kissed a Girl" (One of the Boys, 2008), while noting irony in the fact that Perry co-wrote the single. Pei also adds that "I Do Not Hook Up" and "My Life Would Suck Without You" show off Clarkson's vocal versatility, but fails to make up for the absence of creative rhythms. Matt Busekroos of The Quinnipiac Chronicle commented that Clarkson adds more to the Perry-penned tracks "with her voice and revamped studio production."

Nick Levine of Digital Spy gave the song a four-star rating, praising the song as "a giddy power-pop nugget with a Haribo buzz of a chorus." Levine also praised Clarkson's vocal abilities, commenting that she "tears into the anti-one night stand lyrics with gusto." A writer for Female First described the single as "a feisty anthem with a catchy guitar riff and chorus, which Kelly bellows out with her amazing voice. After just one listen you find yourself already singing along." Blake Solomon, a writer for AbsolutePunk, praised the recording as a forceful pop song reminiscent of Clarkson's earlier singles from her second studio album, Breakaway (2004), writing that it relies on a massive chorus that will "destroy radio as we know it" but comments that it is "less serious and dancey as hell." Patrick Ferrucci of The New Haven Register praised it as a "fiery and empowering anthem for young females". Lisa Norman of This is Nottingham labeled "I Do Not Hook Up" as one of the album's highlights. Allmusic writer Stephen Thomas Erlewine also listed it as a highlight of All I Ever Wanted, writing that she "sounds impassioned and invested in these numbers, selling every one of the skyscraper hooks, but better still she sounds relatable, pulling listeners into a song instead of keeping them at a distance." Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine comments that "it doesn't say much that her take on "I Do Not Hook Up" improves on Perry's original demo version."  Rolling Stones Jody Rosen praised the song as a "spitfire mix of melody and crashing guitars" and described it as "one of the most raucous odes to chastity in recent memory." On March 5, 2013, Billboard ranked the song #45 in its list of Top 100 American Idol Hits of All Time.

Chart performance
"I Do Not Hook Up" was a moderate hit in North American markets. In the United States, the song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 88 on the week ending May 2, 2009. In the following week, the song jumped 42 places to number 46. it continued to fluctuate in the top 40 until the week of June 18, 2009, where it peaked on the chart at number 20. "I Do Not Hook Up" also charted on several Billboard charts, including Hot Digital Songs, Radio Songs and Pop Songs. The song has sold 823,000 downloads in the United States, as of September 2017. In Canada, the single debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 at number 65 on the week ending May 9, 2009. It rose to number 44 in the next week and slowly ascended the chart, reaching its peak position at number 13 on the week ending July 18, 2009. "I Do Not Hook Up" was certified gold by Music Canada for sales of 40,000 downloads on January 5, 2010.

"I Do Not Hook Up" did not fare as well in the international markets. The song had some success in Australia, where it peaked at number nine on the week of June 21, 2009 and held on the chart for ten weeks. It was awarded the gold certification by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for sales of 35,000 units. In Belgium, the song peaked on the chart at number eight, its highest international peak. "I Do Not Hook Up" failed to match the success of "My Life Would Suck Without You" in Sweden. Where as "My Life Would Suck Without You" lasted 22 weeks on the chart, "I Do Not Hook Up" charted for two weeks, only reaching a peak of number 30 on the singles chart. The song reached its lowest international peak in the Netherlands at number 97.

Music video
The music video was directed by Bryan Barber and was shot on March 25, 2009 in Los Angeles. A 30-second preview debuted of the video on Clarkson's official website. Clarkson revealed to Access Hollywood the plot of the video:"I go into fantasy mode. So the girl that’s a good girl, in her fantasy, she’s always hooking up. I’m throwing guys around". The video was supposed to be released on April 20 on MTV. Clarkson stated in the Access Hollywood interview that there are three guys for her in the video, but in the final version of the video there are only two, meaning that the fantasy with the third man was cut off from the video.
The video begins with Clarkson at a social event where she is bored and gets excited just as she sees a handsome waiter. She imagines seducing him, right on the table, and imagines the two kissing. Soon after, she realizes that was only her imagination and a guy that is sitting next to her says that "the strawberry is delicious" while eating the chocolate covered strawberry. In the second scene, Clarkson is at a bar with her friends enjoying and watching the guys in place. They then have the idea of dancing on the counter, to call attention. It's there that Clarkson slips and falls on the floor, but she quickly gets up and gives a happy scream. (Making reference to a scene of Cameron Diaz in the movie What Happens in Vegas). In the end, she says the final phrase of the video by holding the guy she was interested in and winks for the camera. It then shows her and her friends laughing at what they could do.
There are also scenes where Clarkson is singing the song with her band on stage.

The music video of Clarkson's 2011 single "Mr. Know It All" also features Clarkson watching snippets of the "I Do Not Hook Up" music video on a Sony Google TV.

Promotion
Clarkson performed the song live on Good Morning America on March 20, 2009, and also on the March 14, 2009 episode of Saturday Night Live. She also performed the song live in the UK at The Album Chart Show, and later on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on May 12, 2009 and The Ellen DeGeneres Show on May 14. Clarkson also performed "I Do Not Hook Up" on several Australian television shows, including Rove, and Australia's Funniest Home Videos Show in early June. Clarkson performed the single on Monday, 8 June on GMTV. Also on the same day, she appeared on Loose Women performing the single. Clarkson appeared on the hit United States show So You Think You Can Dance on July 2, during the results show and performed it. The song was included on tours All I Ever Wanted Summer Fair Mini-Tour and All I Ever Wanted Tour.

Track listingsNotes' denotes additional producer

Remixes/covers
 I Do Not Hook Up (Bimbo Jones club mix) – 6:48
 I Do Not Hook Up (Bimbo Jones radio edit) – 3:56
 I Do Not Hook Up (Bimbo Jones radio mix) – 3:56
 I Do Not Hook Up (Bimbo Jones club edit) – 4:50
 I Do Not Hook Up (DJ Tim A club remix) – 7:05
 I Do Not Hook Up (Tim Dance Vocal Experience remix) – 6:29
 I Do Not Hook Up (Mike Junior remix) – 3:43

German vocalist Martina Dennis did a Eurodance (also referred to as 'Hands Up') cover, which also features many remixes.
Brian Fallon of The Gaslight Anthem did a cover on a radio broadcast.

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of All I Ever Wanted'', RCA Records, in association with 19 Recordings.

Recording
 Recorded at Bay7 Studios in Valley Village, California, Sparky Dark Studio in Calabasas, California, and Sunset Sound Studios in Hollywood, California

Personnel

 Songwriting - Katy Perry, Kara DioGuardi, Greg Wells
 Production - Howard Benson
 Vocals - Kelly Clarkson
 Programming - Howard Benson
 Keyboards - Howard Benson, Jamie Muhoberac

 Drums - Josh Freese
 Bass - Paul Bushnell
 Guitar - Phil X
 Recording engineer - Mike Plotnikoff, Graham Hope (assisted at Sunset Sound Studios)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

2009 singles
Kelly Clarkson songs
Music videos directed by Bryan Barber
Songs with feminist themes
Songs written by Kara DioGuardi
Songs written by Katy Perry
Songs written by Greg Wells
RCA Records singles
2009 songs
Song recordings produced by Howard Benson
Sony Music singles
Dance-rock songs
American power pop songs


Zygmunt Malanowicz (4 February 1938 – 4 April 2021) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in more than 30 films from 1962 to 2020.

Selected filmography
 Knife in the Water (1962)
 Naked Among Wolves (1963)
 Barrier (1966)
 Hunting Flies (1969)
 Landscape After the Battle (1970)
 Znaki na drodze (1970)
 Jarosław Dąbrowski (1976)
 Cserepek (1980)
 A Trap (1997)
 All That I Love (2009)
 The Lure (2015)
 Usta usta (2020)

References

External links

1938 births
2021 deaths
Polish male film actors
People from Švenčionys District Municipality
20th-century Polish male actors
21st-century Polish male actors


The University of Caxias do Sul (, UCS) is a higher education institution in the northeast region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It has units in the cities of Caxias do Sul, Bento Gonçalves, Vacaria, Canela, Farroupilha, Guaporé, Nova Prata and São Sebastião do Caí, offering more than 150 admission options in nine different areas of knowledge. In 2017 and 2018 it was listed by the university ranking of Folha de S. Paulo as the sixth best private university in the country.

History
The implementation of the first higher education courses in Caxias do Sul took place during the 1950s, a period marked in the history of Brazil due to changes in the economic, social and political field, resulting from the modernization process that the country was going through. Overcoming social problems and economic and cultural backwardness were some of the themes that mobilized organized sectors of society. In the field of education, the universalization of compulsory primary education, the expansion of secondary education and the official policy of encouraging the installation of private higher schools were some of the proposals launched by the state as a way of inserting education in the "developmentalist" effort.

Caxias do Sul was, already in the 1950s, the second metropolis of the state and, like the great urban centers of the country, also lived a period of economic growth and modernization. The city was transformed, the population modernized thoughts and habits, new priorities were set. Among the new social demands was the creation of new teaching options with the implementation of higher education courses to serve young people in the city and the region. At the end of the decade, several entities and personalities in the community were mobilizing to obtain authorization from the federal government to install the first higher education courses in the city.

Founded on February 10, 1967, the University of Caxias do Sul brought together the institutions that supported the first faculties, gathered under the name of Associação Universidade de Caxias do Sul, its main institution. He settled in the building of the former Sacrè Coeur de Marie boarding school, in the Petrópolis neighborhood, where the Rectory currently operates. The main campus occupies an extensive area of this neighborhood and was built in a modernist manner, in the form of isolated blocks implanted in a huge garden, which allowed the Institution's continuous physical expansion.

In 1974, after a period of financial and institutional crisis, the sponsoring Association was transformed into a Foundation - a private non-profit legal entity - in an institutional setting that best represented the community character and the regionalization proposals advocated by the university's founders. The members of the former Association and representatives of the Ministry of Education, the state government, municipalities and community entities participated in the management of the Foundation.

Between the 70s and 90s, the university remained faithful to the ideals of its founders. Practicing a policy of regional action, it took its action to the various municipalities in the region, while promoting integrated actions with other isolated institutions of higher education installed in municipalities in the region. In the late 1970s, students fought for the federalization of the institution, which would never happen.From 1990 onwards, based on the prerogative of university autonomy, the university's regionalization process took a strong boost with the implementation of action strategies that strengthened its community and regional character. New university units were created in regional sub-poles and UCS included the Educational Foundation of the Vinhedos Region, based in Bento Gonçalves and the Pro-Higher Education Association of Campos de Cima da Serra, based in Vacaria.
In 1993, the UCS regionalization project, submitted to Ministry of Education (MEC) , received a favorable opinion from the Federal Education Council. In the official document, the reporter's words summed up the sentiment of all those who, over the years, had embraced the cause of UCS regionalization and endorsed a commitment made by the leaders who advocated a University for the Region. He said: "Time has taught that the sum of forces is the best option, now in the form of a Regional University. It appears, therefore, that Regionalization, so dreamed and pursued, arrives at the right time; at the full maturity of the participating institutions ; in the perpetual joviality of those who launch themselves and persevere in art and science to promote human people through education ".

In 2010, it was considered by the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research to be the second best private university in Brazil, surpassed only by the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo. For several years, the institution has stood out as one of the main private universities in Brazil

Today, the University of Caxias do Sul is already an essential part of the regional development project and seeks, through continuous qualification and incentives to university students, to grow and consolidate its presence in the national and international university panorama.

Campus

The main campus is located in Caxias do Sul, with satellite campuses in Bento Gonçalves, Vacaria, Farroupilha, Guaporé, Nova Prata, São Sebastião do Caí, Canela, and Veranópolis.

UCS Radio
UCS FM is a Brazilian radio station based in Caxias do Sul. It operates on the 106.5 MHz frequency and belongs to the University of Caxias do Sul. It has its own stations in the cities of Bento Gonçalves and Vacaria, operating in the 89.9 MHz and 106.1 MHz frequencies.

Theater

Inaugurated in August 2001, with a show by Mercedes Sosa and Fagner, the Theater of the University of Caxias do Sul, or UCS Theater, as it is better known, is a space where knowledge, art, culture and entertainment alternate and mix, offering the community the possibility of developing and expanding cultural and aesthetic taste, through musical shows, concerts and plays. With a capacity to comfortably receive 755 people, UCS Teatro is a privileged location for holding large academic events, graduations, lectures and student meetings.
In his agenda there is always a place reserved for the rehearsals and presentations of the Symphonic Orchestra of the University of Caxias do Sul, which has already formed a captive audience and, once a month, presents a show with free admission, always with the participation of guests. Great names from the national and international artistic scene have already performed on the UCS Teatro stage.

In July 2020, the Symphony Orchestra was extinguished after 19 years of intense activity, alleging financial difficulties and problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Olympic Village

The Olympic Village (Portuguese: Vila Olímpica) is an organ of the Center for Biological and Health Sciences and its purpose is to carry out, stimulate and support teaching, research and extension activities involving sports, in its different modalities, and the practice of physical activity, such as promotion health and social welfare. It is, therefore, an important support body for the Institution's courses, especially those in the Health area, and for the Technological Center University of Caxias do Sul (CETEC). Its activities and services are available to the internal and external community.

The "Vila" gathers a sports-educational complex, in an area of over 20 thousand m², which includes classrooms, laboratories, three gyms (two in Gym II and one in Block 70), three gyms, swimming pool, multipurpose courts, track athletics, tennis and paddle courts, soccer field and volleyball and beach soccer courts.

Contributing to the realization of university extension, Vila Olímpica maintains several sports initiation schools, and offers activities directed at its gymnasiums and swimming pool for the internal and external public. It also supports, with personnel, technical guidance and infrastructure, the community-based programs developed by UCS, especially the Citizen of the 21st Century Program and the University of the Elderly.

The creation of undergraduate courses in Physiotherapy and Nutrition, and of Specialization in Sports Medicine and Exercise and Sports and Health Sciences, as well as the creation, in 2001, of the Institute of Sports Medicine and Sciences Applied to Human Movement, they have also been added to the actions of the university, in the scope of teaching, research and extension, aimed at sports, health and quality of life of the population.

Among its activities, the UCS Olympics Program, launched by the university in 1997, stands out as part of the commemorative activities of its thirty years of foundation, whose purpose is to stimulate the training of athletes in the Olympic modalities, and the partnership with the Institute of Medicine of Sport and Sciences Applied to the Human Movement, an interdisciplinary body that carries out actions aimed at high performance sports.

In 2006, the UCS Olympics Program became part of the Olympic Village, an academic unit focused on teaching, research and extension, with regard to the area of sports and quality of life.

In essence, the UCS Olympics Program aims to encourage the training of athletes in Olympic modalities, promoting actions aimed at: training sports, high-level sports, university sports, and sports for athletes with special needs. As a markedly extension program, it must also feed, and feed on, the teaching and research activities carried out by the academic community.

Modalities
The Program hosts activities in 22 sports, from categories ranging from children to adults, in which around 1,400 athletes are involved. The activities of the Program also constitute an internship field for undergraduate and graduate students. Some of the activities practised are athletics, basketball, canoeing, football, futsal, handball, taekwondo, tennis, triathlon, and volleyball.

Library
The University of Caxias do Sul has one of the largest bibliographic collections in Latin America, comprising more than 1,000,000 copies. The entire university collection is distributed in 12 existing libraries on the institution's campuses.

Foreign language program
The Foreign Languages Program promotes and provides opportunities to learn different languages, for different audiences: teenagers, adults and seniors. It offers regular teaching programs, with semester terms.
Currently, the program offers courses in English, German, Italian, Spanish, French, Chinese, Japanese, as well as Portuguese for foreigners.

Technological Center University of Caxias do Sul (CETEC)
CETEC is a high school and professional school, maintained by Fundação Universidade de Caxias do Sul, with teaching units in Caxias do Sul (headquarters) and Bento Gonçalves.
Created in 1995, under the seal of a higher education institution, CETEC has been working to consolidate itself as an institution of excellence in youth education, through an educational proposal that combines a solid base of general education with training for youth. work, integrating quality high school and technical courses, which both prepare young people to enter university, and enable them to start a professional activity in the technical area.

In order to materialize its educational proposal, CETEC follows a philosophical guideline and a curriculum specially designed for the contemporary youth, who is in search of knowledge, skills and intellectual and ethical autonomy and who therefore needs guidance, encouragement and support to carry out with this stage of your training.

At CETEC, young people are challenged to exploit their ability to learn as much as possible, prioritizing study and research in their learning process. You are encouraged to develop your personal, intellectual and social skills, taking responsibility for your training process. He is provoked to investigate, analyze and propose, having as a reference a code of ethical principles and values. He is encouraged to interact and collectively build ideas, projects and knowledge, learning to respect differences and to value the common good. He is guided and supported to assume responsibilities and plan his path towards maturity, building his identity, becoming a citizen prepared to intervene in a positive and transforming way in society.

As an essential factor for the development of its proposal, CETEC maintains a teaching staff formed by professors with diverse academic and professional experiences, with different degrees, trained to act as intermediaries in the student development process.

The location of schools within university campuses is another quality differential of CETEC. Library, museum, laboratories, gyms, sports courts, swimming pool, theater and cinema are part of the physical structure of the university open to the CETEC student, who can thus enjoy the results of intellectual, cultural and scientific production typical of the university environment.

Gallery

References

External links

Universities and colleges established in 1967
1967 establishments in Brazil
Universities and colleges in Rio Grande do Sul
Private universities and colleges in Brazil
Buildings and structures in Caxias do Sul


The first USS Marie (SP-100) was an armed motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919.

Marie was built as a civilian motorboat in 1912 by Seabury's at Morris Heights, New York. The U.S. Navy acquired her on 28 April 1917 from her owner, O. M. Pynchon, for use as a patrol boat during World War I. The Navy took delivery of her on 1 May 1917 and commissioned her on 15 June 1917 as USS Marie (SP-100).

Marie was assigned to the section patrol, and performed patrol duty for the remainder of World War I.

On 6 August 1919, Marie was stricken from the Navy List. She was sold on 2 October 1919 to E. J. Steiner.

From October 1917 until January 1919, Marie (SP-100) was one of two U.S. Navy ships in commission with the name USS Marie, the other being patrol boat USS Marie (SP-1260).

References

NavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive: Marie (SP 100)

Patrol vessels of the United States Navy
World War I patrol vessels of the United States
Ships built in Morris Heights, Bronx
1912 ships


Chester Leonard "Chet" Anderson Jr. (March 14, 1945 – March 14, 2007) was a professional American football tight end in the National Football League (NFL).

References

External links
 NFL.com profile

1945 births
2007 deaths
American football tight ends
Minnesota Golden Gophers football players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Sportspeople from Grand Rapids, Minnesota
Players of American football from Minnesota


Route nationale 1 (RN 1 or RN1) is the name of a trunk road in many counties:
Route nationale 1 (France) between Paris and Calais.
Route nationale 1 (French Guiana) between Cayenne and Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni
Route nationale 1 (Niger)
Route nationale 1 (Réunion)


Soutu los Infantes is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in Salas, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is  in size, with a population of 116. The elevation is  above sea level.

Villages and hamlets
 Arbodas
 La Escosura
 La Veiga
 Lleirosu
 Silvouta
 Soutu

References

Parishes in Salas


The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie can refer to:

 The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (novel), a 1961 novel by Muriel Spark
 The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, a 1966 stage play based on the novel, starring Vanessa Redgrave and Olivia Hussey, which later transferred to Broadway starring Zoe Caldwell
 The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (film), a 1969 film based on the novel, starring Maggie Smith
 The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (TV series), a 1978 TV series based on the novel, starring Geraldine McEwan


The Kinzig Valley Railway () is a railway line in Germany that runs from Hausach to Schiltach and follows the Kinzig River that gives it its name. The line has several tunnels, is single-tracked, and unelectrified.

History
The Kinzig Valley Railway was opened on 5 July 1878 from Hausach to Wolfach by the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway and extended on 4 November 1886 to Schiltach. At the same time the Royal Württemberg State Railways cleared the section from Schiltach to Freudenstadt Hbf for traffic.

Route
The line diverges from the Black Forest Railway at Hausach and runs east along the Kinzig River to Schiltach, for a total length of . At Schiltach, the line continues as the Eutingen im Gäu–Schiltach railway line.

The Schiltach-Schramberg railway used to branch off at Schiltach. This line was opened in 1892, but closed in 1959 to passenger services and in 1990 to goods traffic as well. At Schiltach station a railbus rake and the old railway bridge over the Kinzig recalls this branch that, today, has been full dismantled. In Schramberg there is still an overgrown buffer stop and the former station tavern, which is used today as a clubhouse for the Black Riders. The old trackbed is used today as a cycle path.

Operations
The Kinzigtalbahn is owned by DB Netz AG. It was formerly operated by Deutsche Bahn, but services were taken over on 12 December 2004 by the Ortenau S-Bahn (OSB). Since then it has run hourly through services from Freudenstadt Hbf to Offenburg, the section from Hausach to Offenburg being the Baden Black Forest Railway The trains usually cross in Alpirsbach at the usual meeting time just before the hour. The majority of trains run on past Offenburg to Bad Griesbach, the terminus of the Rench Valley Railway. At the weekend a morning train runs through to Strasbourg in France.

Air-conditioned Regio Shuttles of the Ortenau S-Bahn are used. On "normal days" about 2200 people use the trains on the Kinzig Valley Railway.

At Freudenstadt, the Ortenau S-Bahn services meet those of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn, operating by Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft (AVG), using their fleet of tram-trains, over the Murgtalbahn to Karlsruhe.

References

External links
 Private Internet page for the Kinzig Valley Railway
 Tunnelportale/4251.html Tunnels between Hausach and Schiltach
 Tunnelportale/4880.html Tunnels between Schiltach and Freudenstadt
 Article about the Kinzig Valley Railway
 Images of the Kinzig Valley Railway

Railway lines in Baden-Württemberg
Rottweil (district)
Ortenaukreis
Railway lines in the Black Forest


Cockpen and Carrington Parish Church is located to the south of the town of Bonnyrigg in Midlothian, Scotland. It is a congregation of the Church of Scotland. The parish includes the south side of the town of Bonnyrigg (including the new housing development at Hopefield), plus the rural area to the south of the town (including the village of Carrington).

The current arrangement dates from 1975, when the parish churches of Cockpen and Carrington were united (and the former Carrington Parish Church ceased to be used). The former Carrington Parish Church building was built in 1711 (and has now been adapted for use as an open plan office); until 1975 it was linked with Temple Parish Church in Midlothian (which is also now closed).

Cockpen Parish Church (now Cockpen and Carrington Parish Church) was designed in 1816 by Richard Crichton and built by his apprentices R & R Dickson from 1817 to 1820, following Crichton's premature death. It is a Category A listed building and is still in regular use. The current building replaced an older structure. The church's tower is unusually tall for a comparatively small church and its design was copied, on a larger scale, for Kilconquhar Parish Church in Fife.

Ministry
Cockpen and Carrington Parish Church is linked with Lasswade and Rosewell Parish Church and share a minister. The linkage with Lasswade started in 1977 and Rosewell in 1991.

Recent ministers
The Rev Wendy Drake (1992-2007)
The Rev Matthew Ross (2009-2014)
The Rev Lorna M Souter (2016- )

References

External links
Official website

Church of Scotland churches in Scotland
Churches in Midlothian
Category A listed buildings in Midlothian
Listed churches in Scotland
Bonnyrigg and Lasswade


The International Philosophical Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal edited by a group of academics at Fordham University, with the collaboration of the Université de Namur in Belgium. The journal was established in 1961 to provide a publishing forum for the international exchange of basic philosophical ideas. It is published by the Philosophy Documentation Center.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

See also
 List of philosophy journals

References

External links

English-language journals
Philosophy journals
Quarterly journals
Academic journals established in 1961
Philosophy Documentation Center academic journals


The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie is a 1969 British drama film directed by Ronald Neame from a screenplay written by Jay Presson Allen, adapted from her own stage play, which was in turn based on the 1961 novel of the same name by Muriel Spark. The film stars Maggie Smith in the title role as an unrestrained teacher at a girls' school in Edinburgh. Celia Johnson, Robert Stephens, Pamela Franklin, and Gordon Jackson are featured in supporting roles.

The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie premiered at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or and was released in cinemas in the UK on 24 February 1969 and in the US on 2 March 1969. The film received positive reviews with major acclaim drawn towards Smith's performance, although it was a box office disappointment, grossing $3 million on a $2.76 million budget.

At the 42nd Academy Awards, Smith won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance, and the film was also nominated for Best Original Song for its theme song "Jean."

Plot
Jean Brodie is a teacher at an all-girls school called Marcia Blaine in Edinburgh, Scotland, in the 1930s. Brodie is known for her tendency to stray from the school's curriculum, to romanticize fascist leaders like Benito Mussolini and Francisco Franco, and to believe herself to be in the prime of life. Brodie devotes her energy and attention to girls she sees as special or moldable, who are referred to as the "Brodie Set". At the film's outset, the Brodie Set is composed of four 12-year-old junior school girls: Sandy, Monica, Jenny, and Mary.

The Brodie Set often go to art museums, theatre, and have picnics on the school lawn, to the chagrin of the school's austere headmistress Emmeline Mackay, who dislikes that the girls are cultured to the exclusion of hard knowledge, and seem precocious for their age. She has a grudge against Brodie, who has tenure and was hired six years before Mackay became headmistress. Brodie boasts to her girls that the only way she will stop teaching at Marcia Blaine is if she is assassinated.

Brodie catches the eye of the school's music teacher and choirmaster Gordon Lowther, with whom she and the girls spend weekends at his luxurious estate in Cramond. Brodie sometimes spends the night with Lowther, although she tries to conceal this from the girls. Lowther wishes to marry Brodie, but she still has feelings for the school's art teacher Teddy Lloyd, an ex-lover of Brodie's who steadily pursues her.

As the Brodie Set grow older and progress closer to the Senior School, they frequent Teddy Lloyd's studio, where he paints Jenny's portrait. Sandy initially rebuffs a lecherous advance from Lloyd. However, when Brodie tries to manoeuvre Jenny and Lloyd into an affair, and Sandy into spying on them, it is Sandy, resentful of Brodie's constant praise of Jenny's beauty, who becomes Teddy's lover and muse. Sandy ends the affair because of Lloyd's continuing obsession with Brodie.

Mary, influenced by Brodie, leaves the school to join her brother, whom she believes to be fighting for Franco in the Spanish Civil War. She is killed shortly after crossing the frontier when the train she is on is attacked, which incites Sandy to inform the headmistress of Brodie's efforts to impose her politics on her students. The disclosure finally leads to Brodie's termination, her humiliation compounded by Mr. Lowther's engagement to another teacher.

Before Brodie's departure, Sandy confronts her about her manipulation of Mary, Mary's senseless death, and the harmful influence she exerted on other girls, adding that Mary's brother is actually fighting for the Spanish Republicans. Brodie responds with a series of harsh but astute comments about Sandy's character, particularly her ability to coldly judge and destroy others. Sandy retorts that Brodie professed to be an admirer of conquerors and walks out of the classroom, Brodie runs after her and  screams down the hallway, "Assassin!"

Sandy, Monica, and Jenny graduate and leave the school. As Sandy departs, her face streaked with tears, Brodie's voice is heard proclaiming her oft-repeated motto: "Little girls, I am in the business of putting old heads on young shoulders, and all my pupils are the crème de la crème. Give me a girl at an impressionable age, and she is mine for life."

Cast

 Maggie Smith as Jean Brodie
 Robert Stephens as Teddy Lloyd
 Pamela Franklin as Sandy
 Gordon Jackson as Gordon Lowther
 Jane Carr as Mary McGregor
 Shirley Steedman as Monica
 Diane Grayson as Jenny
 Celia Johnson as Miss Mackay
 Margo Cunningham as Miss Campbell
 Isla Cameron as Miss McKenzie
 Molly Weir as Miss Allison Kerr
 Helena Gloag as Miss Ellen Kerr
 Rona Anderson as Miss Lockhart
 Ann Way as Miss Gaunt

The cast included two pairs of married actors: Maggie Smith and Robert Stephens, and Gordon Jackson and Rona Anderson. Julie Andrews was initially offered the role of Jean Brodie.

Relationship to novel and play
There is a complex relationship among the novel, play and film.

Allen created a successful play out of a challenging short novel. Vanessa Redgrave triumphed in the lead role in London, as did Zoe Caldwell in New York. Vincent Canby, reviewing the film in the New York Times, wrote "Jay Presson Allen...created a much better play than is generally recognized. Roles like that of Miss Jean Brodie don't often write themselves" (3 March 1969). However, some critics have questioned whether the play is a particularly faithful adaptation. They have suggested that it turned an experimental work into a realistic one and removed some theological issues, turning the final product into a story of failed love (and possibly also failed fascist politics).

The play reduced the number of girls in the Brodie Set from six to four (and discarded another girl not in the set), and some of them are composites of girls in the novel. Mary is a composite of the original Mary and Joyce Emily; although mainly based on the original Mary, it was Joyce Emily in the novel who died in the Spanish Civil War (Mary later dies in a fire), and rather more is made of this incident in the play than in the novel. Jenny is a composite of the original Jenny and Rose; in spite of her name she has more in common with Rose who, in the novel, Miss Brodie tried to maneuver into having an affair with Mr Lloyd.

The novel made extensive use of flash forward. The play largely dropped this device, but it includes a few scenes showing Sandy as a nun in later life. The film, which made a few changes from the play, discarded these scenes in favor of a linear narrative.

Reception

Box office
According to Fox records the film required $5,400,000 in rentals to break even and by 11 December 1970 had made $6,650,000. In September 1970 the studio reported it had made a profit of $831,000 on the film.

Critical response
Upon its initial release, the film received positive feedback from critics. Rotten Tomatoes reports that 84% of 19 critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 7.15 out of 10.

Maggie Smith was singled out for her performance in the film. Dave Kehr of Chicago Reader wrote that Smith gives "one of those technically stunning, emotionally distant performances that the British are so damn good at." Greg Ferrara wrote that the film "is one of the best British films of the decade. It is as captivating today as it was upon its release and its two central performances by Maggie Smith and Pamela Franklin are both stirring and mesmerizing. The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie is the crème de la crème."

Accolades

1978 television version
The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie was adapted by Scottish Television into a seven episode television serial for ITV in 1978 that featured Geraldine McEwan in the lead role. Rather than recapitulate the plot of the novel, the series imagined episodes in the lives of the characters, such as conflict between Jean Brodie and the father of an Italian refugee student, who fled Mussolini's Italy because the father was persecuted as a journalist who objected to fascism.  It consisted of seven episodes of 50 minutes. It was released on DVD in Region 1 and 2.

References

External links

1969 films
1969 drama films
1960s coming-of-age drama films
1960s English-language films
20th Century Fox films
Films set in schools
British coming-of-age drama films
British films based on plays
Films about educators
Films about fascism
Films based on adaptations
Films based on British novels
Films directed by Ronald Neame
Films featuring a Best Actress Academy Award-winning performance
Films scored by Rod McKuen
Films set in Edinburgh
Films set in the 1930s
Films shot at Pinewood Studios
Films shot in Edinburgh
1960s British films


"Say You Will" is a song by American rapper Kanye West, released as the opening track on his fourth studio album, 808s & Heartbreak (2008). The song contains vocals from the Kadockadee Kwire featuring Glenn Jordan, Phillip Ingram, Jim Gilstrap, Romeo Johnson, Kevin Dorsey, and Will Wheaton. It also includes background vocals from Mr Hudson and Tony Williams. The song was produced by West, who co-wrote it with Jeff Bhasker, Young Jeezy, Malik Yusef, Mr Hudson, and Consequence. In 2008, the song was recorded over a time period of 15 minutes. It is a melancholy hip hop and R&B ballad, which features synth-pop production.

Lyrically, the song sees West discuss struggling to detach himself from Alexis Phifer. "Say You Will" received generally positive reviews from music critics, a number of whom named it as one of the album's highlights. Some praised the composition, while several reviewers highlighted the vocals on the song. West performed the song at the 2011 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, and he later narrated a team of singers through a performance of it at Nebuchadnezzar in 2019. The song was used in a trailer for West's film Jesus Is King (2019), before subsequently being featured in the film. Mobius Band shared a cover version of it in February 2009, which samples children's voices. A remix of the song was released in October 2015 that features Caroline Shaw. On the electro–orchestral remix, the strength of the vocals is increased and violins from Shaw are added.

Background and recording

Outside of "Say You Will", English musician Mr Hudson co-wrote fellow 808s & Heartbreak track "Street Lights" and contributed a feature to "Paranoid". The musician was on vacation in Paris when he received a phone call from West, who was drawn in by his charm. After Mr Hudson's contributions to the album, West went on to sign him to his record label GOOD Music. The musician subsequently released his debut studio album Straight No Chaser under the label in October 2009, with West contributing vocals on the single "Supernova". "Say You Will" was solely produced by West, who served as a songwriter alongside Jeff Bhasker, Young Jeezy, Malik Yusef, Mr Hudson, and Consequence. An 11-piece orchestra contributed to the song, which was conducted by Larry Gold.

Throughout the album, West uses Auto-Tune on his voice. During the three week period that he worked on the entirety of 808s & Heartbreak in 2008, "Say You Will" was recorded in 15 minutes. Seeking out a minimalist direction sonically, West directed his team to bring unique drum machines to Avex Recording Studio in Honolulu, Hawaii. They were sampled and reprogrammed into West's Roland TR-808 drum machine at the studio, which recording engineer Anthony Kilhoffer explained was responsible for the song's "unique sounds". West further ventured in a new musical direction, crafting buzzsaw and icy synths that are juxtaposed with sonic flourishes on "Say You Will". On the album's 10th anniversary in 2018, Canadian singer-songwriter Esthero remembered witnessing the peak of West's singing and songwriting capabilities as it was recorded and sang the line "Hey, hey, hey, hey, don't say you will" from the song's chorus. She emphasized the notes West settled on when he sang the line and recalled having begged him: "I don't care how many of these lines you re-record. I know you have to write lyrics and you're going to re-record them. That one, do not get rid of that. Please keep that. It's magic."

Composition and lyrics
Musically, "Say You Will" is a melancholy hip hop and R&B ballad. The song features synth-pop production, with influences of the Cure and New Order. Contrasting with most rap and pop songs, the chorus-verse-chorus-verse structure is not used. Two icy synth notes are repeated back and forth on the song, which it primarily relies on. The notes are backed by drums, as well as vocals from monk choir the Kadockadee Kwire featuring Glenn Jordan, Phillip Ingram, Jim Gilstrap, Romeo Johnson, Kevin Dorsey, and Will Wheaton. The song also prominently features electronic buzzsaw synths, sparse percussion, and piano. Strings, violin, viola, cello, and heavy bass are included on the song. Gold arranged the strings, while Jeff Chestek engineered them with assistance from Rick Friedrich, Montez Roberts, and John Stahl. West starts to sing six seconds into the song, following a few of the notes. He utilizes Auto-Tune on his voice, singing until the song's 3 minutes and 15 seconds mark. West's performance is succeeded by an extended instrumental outro, which utilizes the Roland TR-808 and echoes choral vocals for around three minutes. Background vocals are contributed to the song by Mr Hudson and Tony Williams.

In the lyrics of the song, West speaks of being unable to pull himself away from his ex-fiancé Alexis Phifer. According to him, the song is about that "ex-girlfriend you call on Friday nights just to have sex". West begins the chorus by singing, "Hey, hey, hey, hey, don't say you will". He expresses misery on the song with the lyrics "When I grab your neck / I touch your soul".

Release and reception
On November 24, 2008, "Say You Will" was included as the first track on West's fourth studio album 808s & Heartbreak. The song was met with generally positive reviews from music critics, mostly being identified by them as an album highlight. While naming the song as one of the album's tracks to be downloaded, The Washington Posts Chris Richards noted it contains "equally rich sonic detail" to "Street Lights". He analyzed, characterizing the song as sounding like slow riffing from "Kraftwerk and a choir of Gregorian monkbots" on the Beatles' "Eleanor Rigby" (1966) and observing how West "allows the beat to plink and plonk off into infinity" after his Auto-Tuned performance. Richards wrote that the "three gorgeous, wordless minutes" provide clarity of West "no longer clamoring for our undivided attention", instead "giving us enough space to step back and watch him take a brilliant left turn". Reviewing the album for The Independent, Andy Gill recommended it as one of the songs to download. Steve Jones from USA Today made the same recommendation in his review. Writing for RapReviews, Jesal 'Jay Soul' Padania named "the opening strands of the haunting 'Hey-hey-hey-hey'" on the song among the moments of 808s & Heartbreak that will remained in one's mind "for a good while". At the Chicago Sun-Times, Jim DeRogatis selected the song as one of the notable times on the album where West's formula of Auto-Tune usage "is touching and very effective". Scott Plagenhoef from Pitchfork opined that the song has one of the "biggest vocal lines" on the album, before ultimately reaching "a three-minute, table-setting outro-- a patient, defeated-sounding collection of choral vocals and drum machines".

PopMatters contributor Dave Heaton stated the song "sets the mood well" for 808s & Heartbreak with its two "simple synth notes" that repeat back and forth similarly to a ping-pong game, recognizing the "strangeness" lent by them. He further noticed that "an emotional foundation" is provided by the song's 1980s "soft-pop piano" and the "extended outro" after West's performance places emphasis on "the feeling of the song while introducing the fact that West's presence as a composer/arranger" is equally or possibly more important to the album than his microphone presence. In Hotpress, Alison Curtis called the song "six minutes of remorseful chanting". The staff of The Observer viewed the song as sounding like R. Kelly taking on the style of Kraftwerk, labeling it "a slow jam built around a simple radioactive pulse". Jozen Cummings of Vibe described the album as West "trying to get something off his chest" while he attempts "to push something through", noting how most artists do not begin their albums with a ballad like West "does with the melancholy 'Say You Will'". Cara Nash from No Ripcord viewed the song as setting the album's mood "with two synth notes beeping back and forth, desolate and bleak". Nash elaborated, saying the notes are backed by "a haunting synth choir and drums", and the song's "extended outro" serves as a reminder of West's heartbreak being "defeating and relentless". Billboard reviewer Mariel Concepcion called the subject matter of West being "unable to wrench himself away from an ex-lover" interesting, though felt that the song lacks the funness of fellow album tracks "Amazing" and "See You in My Nightmares". In a negative review for musicOMH, Adam Conner-Simons defined "Say You Will" as setting the tone for the "spaced-out synth-pop production" on 808s & Heartbreak that is simple and minimal. He continued, commenting that the song "indifferently drip-drop[s] along for more than six minutes amid thin choral arrangements and bare-bones percussion".

Live performances

West performed the song for the sixth number of his February 2009 VH1 show, which was later released as his second live album VH1 Storytellers in January 2010. Spooky keyboards backed West for the performance, while he also told the story behind the song. During his headlining set for the 2009 Wireless Festival at Hyde Park in London, West followed declaring the song his favorite on 808s & Heartbreak by performing a highly emotional version of it. While performing, he wore his customary aviator shades and black suit jacket while. Kanye delivered a performance of the song for his headlining set at the 2011 Coachella Festival, which saw him declare the set his "most important" show since his mother Donda West's death. Kanye West also said during the song's performance that as he wrote "Power" (2009), he had envisioned performing it on the stage of Coachella. On February 22, 2012, West freestyled over the song for seven minutes during a concert in Melbourne, Australia. The freestyle included West recounting having contacted an ex-lover late at night; he requested her to come over and was led into believing she would take up his offer, but he was ultimately denied.

For a January 2013 concert in Abu Dhabi on The Yeezus Tour, West began to perform "Say You Will", before transitioning into both freestyling and ranting. During the concert, West wore a straitjacket. At the 2013 Governors Ball, West performed the song. For West's two night concert of 808s & Heartbreak in its entirety at the 2015 Hollywood Bowl in September, he performed the song as the first track, beginning at 9:19 p.m. West wore loose garments in white and off-white shades as he performed, while desert-trek boots served as his footwear. He was supported by a small band, a medium-sized orchestra, and backing singers. The lights went out as soon as the performance started, which was accompanied by fireworks. West sang to American actress Zoë Kravitz throughout, who was covered in gold paint and sulked in the center of the stage. He faced the direction of the orchestra and singers, rarely looking towards the crowd. Around one minute into the performance, West requested his band to restart the song. During the outro, he had a standoff of sorts with Kravitz. On November 24, 2019, West served as the offstage narrator for his debut opera Nebuchadnezzar while the song was performed by a team of singers, who sang the orchestral coda as a recurring motif.

In popular culture
American trio Mobius Band released a cover version of the song on their EP Empire of Love on February 11, 2009, coinciding with Valentine's Day. The cover maintains the original's melancholic tone, though has the addition of samples of children's voices and features no Auto-Tune. Canadian musician Drake rapped over the song's beat on "Say What's Real", which was included on his third mixtape So Far Gone in February 2009. In December 2018, West tweeted a screenshot of a text message that informed him Drake had sent a clearance request for the song. Subsequently, West declined the request after ranting on Twitter and engaging in a phone call with Drake. The mixtape was later released to streaming services on its 10th anniversary in February 2019 with the song included; West ultimately granted his approval and received credit as a composer. Drake clarified via Instagram that he rapped over the beat because West "just made the best shit". In August 2016, West's wife Kim Kardashian included "Say You Will" on a playlist of her 28 favorite songs from him.

On October 17, 2019, West shared a trailer for his concert film Jesus Is King that is slightly over a minute in length. The trailer is soundtracked by a gospel reinterpretation of the song with new lyrics, which is delivered by a choir as a temple-like image is displayed. They continue to sing the reinterpretation while the image gives way to a biblical quote from the New Testament Book of Mark: "In the words of Jesus Christ, 'The time is fulfilled, and the Kingdom of God is at hand, repent and believe in the gospel.'" The film was released simultaneously with West's ninth studio album of the same name on October 25, 2019, and the former includes West and his gospel group the Sunday Service Choir performing the song as a rap hymn.

Remix

A remix of "Say You Will", featuring violinist Caroline Shaw, was uploaded by West to his SoundCloud on October 19, 2015, alongside a remix of the Weeknd's "Tell Your Friends" under the title of "When I See It". The cover art for both is a photo of flowers, which had been used for merchandise at West's 808s & Heartbreak concert. Photographer Nick Knight released a body of large still-life images alongside his "Flora" exhibition of flowers in 2012, with the artwork being one of the images from the body. Manipulation by heat and water was used for the image's development process, creating the visual effect of melting flowers. According to Shaw, West first approached her backstage at a 2014 performance and requested her phone number. Shaw remembered starting off not overly enthusiastic about a collaboration, saying that one of West's producers "asked me if I'd be interested on working on songs for a live show with an orchestra", leading to her getting "the sense that maybe he wanted to ask me to be a composer and orchestrate something, and that wasn't something that was really interesting" due to the role being fulfilled by many people. She further recalled not doing anything "for a week or two", before taking "a deep dive into [the West album] 808s and Heartbreak", and admitted: "Say You Will is the song that hit me most." Shaw explained that the song "does something with music that I love: the last two minutes [of it], nothing happens. Absolutely nothing". The remix was recorded in the lead up to the album concert.

Musically, the remix of "Say You Will" is an electro–orchestral ballad. The remix was arranged by Shaw, who played additional violins. The vocals are strengthened for it, with Shaw's voice being looped to sound somewhat like the vocal ensemble Roomful of Teeth that she is a member of. The opening is wordless, featuring Shaw recalling her earlier work by singing unconnected vowel and consonant sounds. As the remix continues, West's vocal melody changes while his voice gets louder. At the same time, the timbre of Shaw's voice opens and pizzicato strings come in. The remix reached number two on the Billboard Twitter Trending 140 chart in October 2015, being held off the summit by "When I See It".

Credits and personnel
Information taken from 808s & Heartbreak liner notes.

Recording
 Recorded at Glenwood Studios (Burbank, California) and Avex Recording Studio (Honolulu, Hawaii)

Personnel

 Kanye West songwriter, producer
 Jeff Bhasker songwriter, keyboards
 Mr Hudson songwriter, background vocals
 Jay Jenkins songwriter
 Malik Jones songwriter
 Dexter Mills songwriter
 Andrew Dawson recorder
 Anthony Kilhoffer recorder
 Chad Carlisle assistant recorder
 Isha Erskine assistant recorder
 Gaylord Holomalia assistant recorder
 Christian Mochizuki assistant recorder
 Manny Marroquin mix engineer
 Christian Plata assistant engineer
 Erik Madrid assistant engineer
 Jeff Chestek string engineer
 Rick Friedrich assistant string engineer
 Montez Roberts assistant string engineer
 John Stahl assistant string engineer

Additional musicians

 The Kadockadee Kwire vocals
 Glenn Jordan featured vocals
 Phillip Ingram featured vocals
 Jim Gilstrap featured vocals
 Romeo Johnson featured vocals
 Kevin Dorsey featured vocals
 Will Wheaton featured vocals
 Tony Williams background vocals
 Larry Gold string arrangement and conducting
 Olga Konopelsky violin
 Emma Kummrow violin
 Luigi Mazzochi violin
 Charles Parker violin
 Igor Szwec violin
 Gregory Teperman violin
 Davis Barnett viola
 Alexandra Leem viola
 James J. Cooper, III cello
 Jennie Lorenzo cello
 Miles Davis bass

Notes

References

2000s ballads
2008 songs
Contemporary R&B ballads
Kanye West songs
Song recordings produced by Kanye West
Songs written by Consequence (rapper)
Songs written by Jeezy
Songs written by Jeff Bhasker
Songs written by Kanye West
Songs written by Malik Yusef
Songs written by Mr Hudson