Clifford Ernest Mason (27 November 1929 – August 2013) was an English professional footballer who played as a left back for Darlington, Sheffield United, Leeds United, Scunthorpe United and Chesterfield in the 1950s and 1960s.

Playing career
Mason was born in York. He began his professional career at Sunderland, but never represented them in the Football League, and moved on to Darlington in July 1952. He made 107 League appearances over three seasons, and then joined Sheffield United for 1955–56, where he became captain and made 97 appearances in six seasons. Leeds United manager Don Revie signed Mason, aged 31, during the 1961–62 season for £10,000 as an experienced defender who was needed during a troubled season for Leeds when they were fighting relegation to the Third Division. He appeared in the last eleven games of the season and made a further 22 appearances in the next, a total of 33 League and 2 League Cup matches, before Grenville Hair regained the left back spot. Mason joined Scunthorpe United for the 1963–64 season and joined Chesterfield for the following season. Mason died in August 2013 at the age of 83.

References

1929 births
2013 deaths
Footballers from York
English men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Darlington F.C. players
Leeds United F.C. players
Scunthorpe United F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
English Football League players
Sheffield United F.C. players


New York City is the third album by electronica group Brazilian Girls, released in 2008.

Brazilian Girls received a Grammy nomination for Best Dance Recording in 2009. Daft Punk ended up winning the Grammy for the live album Alive 2007.

Track listing
 "St. Petersburg"
 "Losing Myself"
 "Berlin"
 "Strangeboy"
 "Good Time"
 "Nouveau Americain"
 "L'Interprete"
 "Internacional" (Barry Reynolds, Baaba Maal)
 "Ricardo"
 "I Want Out"
 "Mano de Dios"

External links
 New York City at Verve Forecast website

Brazilian Girls albums
2008 albums


Francisco Javier Yubero Solanilla (21 January 1972 – 22 September 2005) was a Spanish footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Football career
Born in Irun, Gipuzkoa, Yubero made his professional debut with Real Sociedad in 1991–92, playing in one game. In the following season, he won the battle for first-choice with another youth graduate of the club, Alberto, and was the undisputed starter as the Basques finished 13th in La Liga.

Subsequently, Yubero's career went downhill, with unassuming spells at Real Betis and CP Mérida in the second division. He settled in the same level with SD Eibar, and did appear in 39 matches in his third year but, after a move to Rayo Vallecano, again featured very rarely.

Yubero would play until early 2003, in divisions three and four. As he was with amateur side Torredonjimeno CF, he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, which forced him to quit the game at 31; two years later, he succumbed to the disease.

References

External links

1972 births
2005 deaths
Footballers from Irun
Spanish men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Real Sociedad B footballers
Real Sociedad footballers
Real Betis players
CP Mérida footballers
SD Eibar footballers
Rayo Vallecano players
Zamora CF footballers
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Deaths from cancer in Spain


Ballers is the second studio album by  American hip hop  group, 504 Boyz. It was released on December 10, 2002, through The New No Limit and was produced by Donald XL Robertson with additional production by newcomer Todd Moultrie on the reggae influenced My Life is Sweet. The album peaked at number 49 on the Billboard 200 and  number 13 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.

The members that perform on this album include Master P, Silkk The Shocker, Magic, Krazy, Choppa, T-Bo and Curren$y.

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2002 albums
504 Boyz albums
No Limit Records albums


Sperata acicularis is a species of bagrid catfish endemic to Myanmar where it is found in the Irrawaddy, Bago, and Great Tenasserim River systems of Myanmar.

References

Bagridae
Fish of Myanmar
Endemic fauna of Myanmar
Freshwater fish of Asia
Taxa named by Carl J. Ferraris Jr.
Taxa named by Kathryn E. Runge
Fish described in 1999


Sperata aor, the long-whiskered catfish ( aṛ,  ãri), is a species of catfish of the family Bagridae found in southern Asia in the nations of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar.  It grows to a length of  and is commercially fished for human consumption.  It is also a popular gamefish.

References

long-whiskered catfish
Freshwater fish of South Asia
Fish of Myanmar
fish of Bangladesh
long-whiskered catfish
Taxa named by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton


Makiusap Ka sa Diyos  () is a 1991 Filipino film starting Ruffa Gutierrez, Christopher de Leon and Gabby Concepcion.  It was director Lino Brocka's final movie prior to his death in a car crash.

Plot
A nun named Dolores (Gutierrez) is raped. She becomes pregnant, gives birth and is punished by her cruel superiors. She then meets Vince (de Leon) and marries him but later discovers that Vince was the one who raped her.

Cast
 Ruffa Gutierrez as Dolores Aaron-Leveriza
 Christopher de Leon as Dr. Vince Leveriza
 Gabby Concepcion as Allan
 Gloria Romero as Encarnacion Leveriza
 Rosemarie Gil as Mrs. Aaron
 Maricel Laxa as Belinda
 Cris Villanueva as Emil
 Mary Walter as Sister Bernadette
 Anita Linda as Sister Carmen
 Gamaliel Viray as Lawyer
 Rudy Tacorda as Judge
 Malu de Guzman as Sister Amanda
 Aida Carmona as Kumadrona
 Ernie Zarate as Fr. Emman
 Benjie Ledesma as Sister Daisy
 Vanjie Labalan as Baliw
 Estrella Kuenzler as Sister Asuncion
 Chie Concepcion as Ursula
 Jayboy Samson as Benjie
 Mad Nicolas as Sister
 Yvonne Angeli Lee as Cecile
 Thea Salvador as Sister
 Michael Tan as Lester
 Pocholo Montes as Priest Confessor
 Nonong Talbo as Ward Orderly

Awards

See also
 Sa Kabila ng Lahat

References

External links

1990s Tagalog-language films
1991 films
Philippine religious epic films
Films directed by Lino Brocka


Sperata aorella is a species of bagrid catfish that occurs in the Ganges River in India and Bangladesh.

References

Sperata
Freshwater fish of India
Fish described in 1858
Taxa named by Edward Blyth


Niš Fortress () is a fortress in the city of Niš, Serbia. It is a complex and important cultural and historical monument. It rises on the right bank of the Nišava River, overlooking the area inhabited for longer than two millennia. It was protected by law in May 1948 as it was declared a cultural site of great significance. The current condition of the fortress lists it as one of the best preserved fortifications of this kind in Serbia as well as on the Balkan Peninsula.

History
The existing fortification is of Ottoman Turkish origin, dating from the first decades of the 18th century (1719–1723). It is well known as one of the most significant and best preserved monuments of this kind in the mid-Balkans. The Fortress was erected on the site of earlier fortifications – the ancient Roman, Byzantine, and later yet Medieval forts. During World War I it was occupied by Bulgarians who turned it into a prison where Serbian patriots were imprisoned.

Building
The Fortress has a polygonal ground plan, eight bastion terraces and four massive gates. It stretches over 22 ha of land. The rampart walls are 2,100 m long, 8 m high and 3 m thick on the average. The building stone, brought from the nearby quarries, was hewn into rather evenly shaped blocks. The inside of the rampart wall was additionally fortified by a wooden construction, santrač, and an additional bulwark, trpanac. On the outside, the Fortress was surrounded by a wide moat, whose northern part has been preserved to our days. Beside the massive stone rampart walls, the southern Stambol Gate and the western Belgrade Gate are pretty well preserved. Partly preserved are the water gates, while there are only remains of the northern Vidin Gate and the south-east Jagodina Gate. With a complete reconstruction of all the gates, Niš Fortress would once again become, architecturally and functionally, a closed fortification system.

Far into the fortress, there is a weather station, that provides forecasts for the city of Niš.

Since 1966, the fortress is the location of the Niš Film Festival.

Buildings and monuments within the walls

See also
 List of fortresses in Serbia

References

External links
 The Fortress of Niš Niš Fortress web page
 Niš Fortress at the City of Niš' official web page
 The Fortress, Nis at virtualtourist.com

External links

Ottoman architecture in Serbia

Forts in Serbia
Tourism in Serbia
Cultural Monuments of Great Importance (Serbia)


Sperata seenghala, the Giant river-catfish, is a species of bagrid catfish. It is known locally as Guizza, Guizza ayer, Auri, Ari, Pogal, Singhara and Seenghala, among other names.  It is found in southern Asia in the countries of Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh with reports of occurrence in Myanmar, Thailand and Yunnan, China.  It can reach a length of 150 cm, though lengths up to 40 cm are more usual.  It is commercially fished for human consumption as well as being a popular gamefish with a reputation for being a good fighter when hooked.  It is carnivorous in diet. It can be distinguished from other sperata species by its spatulate, blunt snout, relatively short barbels and mouth that is only 1/3 as wide as the head is long.

References

Bagridae
Catfish of Asia
Fish of South Asia
Fish of Southeast Asia
Freshwater fish of Asia
Fish of Afghanistan
Fish of Pakistan
Freshwater fish of India
Fish of Bangladesh
Fish of Thailand
Freshwater fish of China
Fish of Nepal
Fish described in 1839
Taxa named by William Henry Sykes


Henry Bert Vorhees (September 30, 1874 – February 8, 1910)  was a professional baseball player. Nicknamed "Cy" after Cy Young, Vorhees made his major league debut in April 1902 with the Philadelphia Phillies.

He then jumped to the Washington Senators and pitched one game for them. He was one of a long line of players who jumped from the National League to the American League before the 1903 peace agreement.

External links
 Baseball Reference
 Findagrave entry

1874 births
1910 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Philadelphia Phillies players
Washington Senators (1901–1960) players
Syracuse Stars (minor league baseball) players
Montreal Royals players
Rome Romans players
Wilkes-Barre Coal Barons players
Reading Coal Heavers players
Columbus Senators players
Oberlin Yeomen baseball players
Syracuse Orangemen baseball players
Baseball players from Ohio


"Heartbroke Every Day" is a song written by Rick Vincent, Bill LaBounty and Cam King. It first appeared on the 1994 self-titled album of the band Pearl River.

It was later recorded by American country music band Lonestar. Lonestar's version was released in December 1996 as the fifth and final single from the debut album Lonestar.  The song reached number 18 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was also the only single of their career to feature then-member John Rich on lead vocals instead of Richie McDonald. Then, they reprised it again in 2010 with then-lead singer Cody Collins on lead vocals since McDonald left.

Critical reception
A review in Billboard was favorable, praising the song for its "tasty guitar work", "virtually flawless production", and "bluegrass-inflected lead vocal".

Chart performance

References

1996 singles
Lonestar songs
Songs written by Bill LaBounty
Song recordings produced by Don Cook
BNA Records singles
Songs written by Rick Vincent
1994 songs
Pearl River (band) songs


The Quanzhou dialects (), also rendered Chin-chew or Choanchew, are a collection of Hokkien dialects spoken in southern Fujian (in southeast China), in the area centered on the city of Quanzhou. Due to migration, various Quanzhou dialects are spoken outside of Quanzhou, notably in Taiwan and many Southeast Asian countries, including Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines.

Classification
The Quanzhou dialects are classified as Hokkien, a group of Southern Min varieties. In Fujian, the Quanzhou dialects form the northern subgroup () of Southern Min. The dialect of urban Quanzhou is one of the oldest dialects of Southern Min, and along with the urban Zhangzhou dialect, it forms the basis for all modern varieties. When compared with other varieties of Hokkien, the urban Quanzhou dialect has an intelligibility of 87.5% with the Amoy dialect and 79.7% with the urban Zhangzhou dialect.

Cultural role
Before the 19th century, the dialect of Quanzhou proper was the representative dialect of Southern Min in Fujian because of Quanzhou's historical and economic prominence, but as Xiamen developed into the political, economic and cultural center of southern Fujian, the Amoy dialect gradually took the place of the Quanzhou dialect as the representative dialect. However, the Quanzhou dialect is still considered to be the standard dialect for Liyuan opera and nanyin music.

Phonology

This section is mostly based on the variety spoken in the urban area of Quanzhou, specifically in Licheng District.

Initials
There are 14 phonemic initials, including the zero initial (not included below):

When the rhyme is nasalized, the three voiced phonemes ,  and  are realized as the nasal stops ,  and , respectively.

The inventory of initial consonants in the Quanzhou dialect is identical to the Amoy dialect and almost identical to the Zhangzhou dialect. The Quanzhou dialect is missing the phoneme  found in the Zhangzhou dialect due to a merger of  into . The distinction between  () and  () was still made in the early 19th century, as seen in Huìyīn Miàowù () by Huang Qian (), but Huìyīn Miàowù already has nine characters categorized into both initials. Rev. Carstairs Douglas has already observed the merger in the late 19th century. In some areas of Yongchun, Anxi and Nan'an, there are still some people, especially those in the older generation, who distinguish  from , showing that the merger is a recent innovation.

Rimes
There are 87 rimes:

The actual pronunciation of the vowel  has a wider opening, approaching . For some speakers, especially younger ones, the vowel  is often realized as , e.g. pronouncing  /  (, "to fly") as , and the vowel  is either realized as , e.g. pronouncing  /  (, "pig") as , or as , e.g. pronouncing  (, "woman") as .

Tones
For single syllables, there are seven tones:

In addition to these tones, there is also a neutral tone.

Tone sandhi
As with other dialects of Hokkien, the tone sandhi rules are applied to every syllable but the final syllable in an utterance. The following is a summary of the rules:
 The yin level (33) and yang rising (22) tones do not undergo tone sandhi.
 The yang level and entering tones (24) are pronounced as the yang rising tone (22).
 The yin rising tone (554) is pronounced as the yang level tone (24).
 The departing tone (41) depends on the voicing of the initial consonant in Middle Chinese:
 If the Middle Chinese initial consonant is voiceless, it is pronounced as the yin rising tone (554).
 If the Middle Chinese initial consonant is voiced, it is pronounced as the yang rising tone (22).
 The yin entering (5) depends on the final consonant:
 If the final consonant is ,  or , it is pronounced as the yang level tone (24).
 If the final consonant is , it does not undergo tone sandhi.

Notes

References

Sources

External links
 當代泉州音字彙, a dictionary of Quanzhou speech

Hokkien-language dialects
Fujian
Quanzhou


Torolf Elster (27 May 1911 – 4 November 2006) was a Norwegian newspaper and radio journalist, magazine editor, novelist, crime fiction writer and writer of short stories. He was Director-General of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) from 1972 to 1981.

Background
Elster was born in Kristiania. His parents were author and literary critic Kristian Elster, Jr. (1881–1947) and Ragnhild Poulsen (1885–1958). He was married to poet and psychoanalyst Magli Elster (née Raknes, daughter of psychologist Ola Raknes and poet and playwright Aslaug Vaa). He was the father of philosopher Jon Elster.

Journalist and literary career
Elster made his literary debut in 1936 with the novel Muren. He was a sales manager at the publishing company Tiden Norsk Forlag in the late 1930s. He was a member of the communist movement Mot Dag before the German occupation of Norway 1940–1945, during which he had to flee the country. The novel Historien om Gottlob was issued in 1941. In Stockholm he edited the underground newspaper Håndslag, together with Eyvind Johnson and Willy Brandt. Håndslag was smuggled into Norway and distributed illegally. Funded by the Norwegian legation in Stockholm, it was issued once every second week, and was printed in 15–20,000 copies towards the end of the war. Elster was also a commentator in Norsk Tidend.

Elster was a foreign editor for Arbeiderbladet from 1945 to 1946, and editor of the labour movement's magazine Kontakt from 1947 to 1954. He then wrote for Arbeiderbladet for almost ten years, from 1954 to 1963. During this time he also wrote several non-fiction books, mainly political literature: Frihet og demokrati (Freedom and Democracy, 1947), Øst og Vest (East and West, 1948), Sosialismen under debatt (Socialism Under Debate, 1950) and Sovjetmysteriet (The Soviet Mystery, 1957). He started working as a program manager for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation in 1963, and was Director-General from 1972 to 1981.

Elster was awarded the Riverton Prize for the crime novel Thomas Pihls annen lov (1982). In 1986 he and Magli Elster were awarded the Fritt Ord Award. He died in 2006 in Oslo.

References

1911 births
2006 deaths
Norwegian crime fiction writers
Norwegian magazine editors
NRK people
Norwegian television executives
Norwegian resistance members
Norwegian expatriates in Sweden
Norwegian political writers
Mot Dag
20th-century Norwegian novelists
20th-century Norwegian journalists


The Safety Investigation Authority (SIA, ) is an agency of the government of Iceland. It investigates maritime, traffic, and aviation accidents and incidents, as well as other serious incidents. It is headquartered in Reykjavík. The SIA reports to the Minister of the Interior.

It was established in 2013 when the board of investigations for aviation accidents, traffic accidents and maritime accidents was combined together into one institution.  It consists of 7 staff, 2 for each division along with one receptionist. It also has a board with 13 members that don't work full-time for the institution.

References

External links
 Rannsóknarnefnd Samgönguslysa (Icelandic)

Government of Iceland
Aviation organizations based in Iceland
Organizations investigating aviation accidents and incidents


Gaya is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Gaya in the north of the area.

It has an area of 613 km and a population of 201,016 in the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 713.

History
Gaya is the oldest and most significant site in Kano's history and precedes the foundation of Kano itself. Gaya is believed to be the origin of a man named Kano who first settled in the present Kano State on his search for ironstone. The earliest known settlers of Kano were known as "Abagayawa". Gaya served as an important terminus of a migratory corridor through which there was an influx of immigrating peoples especially from Eastern Sudan, the Maghrib and the Middle East. Bagauda and his people were said to have passed through Gaya before making their way to Dala and establishing the Kingdom of Kano in 999 CE. Gaya was soon absorbed into the newly founded Kingdom by its adventurous new rulers and would become one of the most influential provinces in the State.

Traditional state
The traditional ruler of Gaya is known as the Sarkin Gaya. The present Sarkin Gaya, Alhaji Ibrahim Abdulkadir Gaya (born in 1930) has been on the throne since his appointment in 1990. In May, 2019, he was elevated to the rank of Emir, along with three other traditional rulers. Prior to his enthronement as Sarkin Gaya he Alhaji Ibrahim Gaya was previously the district head of Kunchi and then Minjibir.

Climate
Gaya experiences two distinct seasons, with the dry season being largely gloomy and damp, and the wet season being oppressive and humid. The average annual temperature ranges from 54 to 103 degrees Fahrenheit, rarely falling below 49 or rising over 107.

Notable people

 Senator Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya

References

Gaya, Nigeria Page. Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. 1996–2004. Retrieved 2009-03-25.

Local Government Areas in Kano State


Commander Jacob "Jack Bursey" (1903–1980) was a polar explorer, U.S. Coast Guard officer, and a lecturer.

Biography

Early years
Bursey was born in 1903 in a small village called St. Lunaire in Newfoundland.  He grew up fishing on the Grand Banks from his father's schooner, driving dog teams across the frozen land and bay, and skinning seals for food and clothing. He had two brothers and three sisters. His family worked six days a week, gardening in the rocky soil and fishing in the summer, mending nets, dog sledding, and catching seals in the winter. Bursey's family was a little better off than his cousins, aunts, and uncles because of their schooner and family-owned store where the other residents traded. They also bought and sold all the fish in the village.

With assistance from a doctor in St. Anthony, a neighboring community, Bursey left home at 21 and enrolled at a Boston institute in the United States.

First Byrd expedition

In 1927, Bursey read in a newspaper that Commander Richard E. Byrd was planning an expedition to the Antarctic and needed dog drivers and skiers. Bursey was one of 50,000 American males to apply.

While Bursey was not initially selected, he brought a letter of recommendation from his employer to the expedition office and appealed to one of Byrd's men. The departure was scheduled in less than two weeks.

In two days, Bursey was granted an interview with Byrd. "I was disappointed when I first saw Commander Byrd," he recalled in an interview in 1979 in the Grand Rapids Press.  "I had pictured him as a 7-foot giant with fire in his eyes. Instead, he was a slight man. Looking at me from across the desk, he seemed humble and friendly. It was probably the shortest interview on record."

Byrd then told him that all his men were hired but that he would see what he could do.

Luck and experience were with Bursey. He was signed on as a seaman on the barque the SS City of New York, one of two ships Byrd was taking on the expedition to the Bay of Whales, Antarctica. The City of New York, a sailing vessel, was probably one of the last of her kind in the world. Built of wood in Norway in 1882 for the Greenland sealing trade, with sides  thick, she was made to withstand much of the pressure of shifting ice. Roald Amundsen, as a young man, had sailed on her during one of her first voyages.

Byrd's other ship was the Eleanor Bolling, a steam vessel. On it were the plane parts, the Floyd Bennett which, when assembled, was to carry Byrd over the pole.

Bursey was on the barque when it left New York on August 25, traveling through the Panama Canal and across the Pacific Ocean, reaching New Zealand in 91 days. The Bolling, a faster ship, had left a month later.

With the Antarctic spring approaching, the two ships left New Zealand on December 2 on the final  lap to the frozen continent. The Bolling took the City of New York in tow to save coal.

According to Bursey, a whaler, the C. A. Larsen, which worked the area every summer, met the City of New York and towed it through the pack ice while the Bolling returned to New Zealand for more supplies.

 On Christmas Day, the Great Ice Barrier was sighted, and two days later, the City of New York was tied to ice in the Bay of Whales. A base camp, Little America, was set up  away. Each day the dog teams hauled the supplies to the camp. After the Bolling arrived from New Zealand with more cargo, the bay ice became unsafe, and the two ships tied up to the towering ice barrier. On one trip to camp with supplies, Bursey heard the ships' whistles blowing in alarm. The ice barrier had suddenly cracked, plunging tons of ice on the decks, partly capsizing the Bolling and throwing one man in the water.

"This all but ended the expedition right there," he remembered. "The success of this million-dollar expedition depended on the polar flight. The fuselage of the Ford plane had landed on top of the barrier, but the wings were floating on large pieces of ice by the ships. Through the quick action of the crew, everything was rescued."  The men worked hard in the weeks ahead, and before the sun went down and the long winter night set in, the camp was ready. In his diary, Bursey wrote, "The temperature has dropped to 172 degrees below, our record for the year so far."

Finally, on August 20, 1929, he wrote: "Today is the day of the beautiful morning ... we saw the sun for the first time since April 19."

Bursey and several others traveled into the heartland by dog team on two missions. One was to mark a safe trail and leave caches of supplies over the 200 miles of treacherous crevasses and open chasms between the main base and the Queen Maud mountain range, where the geological party would make camp and conduct their studies. The other was to provide ground support for Byrd by erecting beacons every 50 miles and depositing emergency supplies at them in case Byrd’s plane crashed when he attempted to fly over the pole. Bursey's lead dog, St. Lunaire, blazed the trail. Byrd sent them off with: "Boys I would rather never fly over the South Pole than to lose one of you. Always take the course of safety; your lives are precious to me."

They reached the South Pole on November 29, 1929. Bursey described it:

But the danger was not yet over. Early in 1930, the City of New York was to return to the Antarctic to bring home the 42 men who had wintered at Little America. It was the worst spring ice in memory, and the whaling vessels that usually went through the pack in December were unable to get through without damage. Into this mass of roaring ice, the gallant City of New York hurled herself, forcing a way through. But there came the day when the ship labored, groaning under 200 tons of ice, the deck nearly awash. It was decided that if the Great Ice Barrier were not sighted in a few hours, the ship must turn north or sink. It was not unlike the possibility of trying to reach the Moon in later years if the astronauts had to be rescued. If the ship could not make it, there was no way to rescue these men until the ice thawed. There would be no long-range aircraft manufactured for many years.

According to Russell Owen, a special correspondent for the New York Times who was on board, "As the men were ready to drop from weariness, the clouds opened and ahead of them was the magnificent peak of Mount Erebus, the living volcano of the Antarctic."

When the men returned to New York, they were greeted by Mayor Jimmy Walker, who led them on a ticker tape parade. Bursey and his mates each received a medal, authorized by a special act of Congress.  It is inscribed: "Presented to the officers and men of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition l [for] their heroic and undaunted service in connection with scientific investigations and extraordinary aerial exploration of the Antarctic Continent."

Bursey missed Byrd's second Antarctic expedition in the early 1930s. While conducting tours of the City of New York at the Chicago World's Fair, he met and subsequently married Ada DeGraff from Grand Rapids, Michigan, one of the first women to fly in west Michigan. They had one daughter, Gloria.

The SS City of New York sank on a rocky shoal at Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, in 1962.

Third Byrd expedition
Jack Bursey went on to accompany Byrd on his third Antarctic expedition in 1939–41, during which he and two other men made one of the longest dog-team trips ever recorded. They sledged into Marie Byrd Land over the Ross Ice Shelf, the first known men to step on this land, traveling more than  in 83 days. Today there are mountains in the Hal Flood Range named after them: Mount Bursey (), Mount Moulton and Mount Berlin. Once again, each of the men on the expedition received a special Congressional medal.

During World War II, he joined the U.S. Coast Guard and was captain of a freight and supply ship in the Philippines. In 1955, by then a lieutenant commander, Bursey was assigned to Operation Deep Freeze for the International Geophysical Year.  On this expedition he led a party of Seabees a distance of  toward Byrd Station at latitude 80 degrees south, traveling in two vehicle-type Sno-Cats and one tractor-type Weasel. But for the first time the deadly crevasses defeated Bursey and his party. Unable to get through, he was ordered back to the base. On the way home in 1957, Bursey received word that Admiral Byrd had died.

Other activities
Between the later expeditions and for years afterward, Bursey lectured across the U.S. and at schools, often showing original 16mm films taken during the expeditions.

Jack Bursey is the author of two books:
Antarctic Night (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1957)
St Lunaire, Antarctic Lead Dog (Glory Publishing Co, 1974)

References

 Quotes and material used in this article were provided by Jack Bursey's daughter, Gloria, who interviewed him for articles, including one in the Grand Rapids Press.

1903 births
1978 deaths
People from Newfoundland (island)
People from Montague, Michigan
Canadian explorers
United States Coast Guard personnel of World War II
Explorers of Antarctica
20th-century Canadian memoirists
20th-century American memoirists


The hooded red-sided opossum (Monodelphis palliolata) is a South American opossum species of the family Didelphidae. Until recently, it was viewed as a subspecies of M. brevicaudata. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela at altitudes from sea level to 2250 m. It is a primarily nonarboreal resident of tropical rainforest, but has also been seen in areas under cultivation.

References

Hooded red-sided opossum
Marsupials of South America
Mammals of Colombia
Mammals of Venezuela
Hooded red-sided opossum


The 2008–09 Texas Tech Red Raiders men's basketball team represented Texas Tech University during the 2008–09 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team plays in the Big 12 Conference at the United Spirit Arena in Lubbock, Texas. The season marked Pat Knight's first full season as head coach.

Preseason

Personnel changes
Pat Knight took over the head coaching duties late in the 2007–08 season after Bob Knight resigned on February 4, 2008. This was Pat's first full season as head coach of the Red Raiders. Pat hired Bubba Jennings as an assistant coach in addition to Chris Beard and Stew Robinson.

Recruiting

 In January 2009, Tyree Graham announced he would be leaving the team, citing family reasons.

Schedule

|-
!colspan=8| Big 12 tournament

Source for regular season
Source for Big 12 Tournament

Notable games and events

East Central
In the third game of the season, Texas Tech defeated Division II opponent East Central 167–115, setting a new school record for most points scored in a game. The previous record of 128 was set in the double overtime victory over Texas on February 20, 1994. The combined total of 282 points also became a new record.

Wichita State
Texas Tech led the Wichita State Shockers 43–26 going into halftime. The lead quickly deteriorated as Wichita State went on a 12–3 run to open the second half. The Shockers eventually tied the game with about 41 seconds remaining. Mike Singletary then hit a 3-pointer with 4.1 seconds left to give the Red Raiders the win, 72–69.

Nebraska
In a 69–82 loss to Nebraska, Knight ran onto the court to argue with officials after Texas Tech player Alan Voskuil was called for a foul. After receiving two technical fouls, Knight was ejected from the game. Once in the tunnel, Knight ran back onto the court to continue arguing. Knight was not suspended, rather receiving a public reprimand from the Big 12 Conference.

Texas
The Red Raiders were without head coach Pat Knight against Texas after he was suspended for criticizing the officials in a game four days earlier against Texas A&M.

Kansas
Texas Tech upset #9 Kansas 84–65 at home on senior night. Senior Alan Voskuil had a career high 35 points, going 9–14 from 3-point range and 10–17 overall. It was Kansas' worst defeat of the season and marked their third straight loss at the United Spirit Arena.

Big 12 Tournament
The only chance the Red Raiders had at making the postseason was to win the Big 12 tournament where the winner receives an automatic bid in the NCAA tournament. Texas Tech went into the tournament as the #11 seed after losing to Iowa State 76–78 in the last game of the regular season, thus giving Iowa State the #10 seed.

Texas A&M
Texas A&M took a 29–48 lead into halftime and built it up to 21 early in the second half. In the second half, sophomore Mike Singletary scored 29 points in a row to help Texas Tech take a 79–78 lead with 39.4 seconds left in the game and eventually win 88–83. Singletary finished the game with 43 points, a career high and Big 12 tournament record for most points in a single game. Mike Singletary's 29 consecutive points is the second longest streak in NCAA history and Texas Tech's comeback from 21 points down is a Big 12 Tournament record.

Missouri
Texas Tech was able to manage a 31–31 halftime tie against #3 seed Missouri. In the second half, however, Missouri's full-court press defense allowed the Tigers to go on a 13 point run early in the second half. Mike Singletary led Texas Tech with 17 points and Missouri's DeMarre Carroll had 19 to help Missouri win 81–60.

Awards and honors
Esmir Rizvic
Academic All-Big 12 First Team

John Roberson
All-Big 12 Honorable Mention
USBWA All-District 7 Team

Mike Singletary
Academic All-Big 12 Second Team
Big 12 Championship All-Tournament Team

Alan Voskuil
All-Big 12 Honorable Mention

See also
2008–09 Big 12 Conference men's basketball season

References

Texas Tech
Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball seasons
Texas Tech
Texas Tech


Oxyothespis is a genus of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae. Members of this genus have been called grass mantises.

Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Oxyothespis:
Oxyothespis acuticeps
Oxyothespis alata
Oxyothespis apostata
Oxyothespis bifurcata
Oxyothespis brevicollis
Oxyothespis brevipennis
Oxyothespis dumonti (North African grass mantis)
Oxyothespis flavipennis
Oxyothespis longicollis
Oxyothespis longipennis
Oxyothespis mammillata
Oxyothespis maroccana
Oxyothespis meridionalis
Oxyothespis nilotica
Oxyothespis noctivaga
Oxyothespis parva
Oxyothespis pellucida
Oxyothespis persica
Oxyothespis philbyi
Oxyothespis senegalensis
Oxyothespis sudanensis
Oxyothespis tricolor
Oxyothespis villiersi
Oxyothespis wagneri

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

Mantidae


Japan Air Lines Flight 471 was a Japan Air Lines international flight from Don Mueang International Airport in Bangkok, Thailand to Palam International Airport (now Indira Gandhi International Airport) in New Delhi, India. On 14 June 1972 the Douglas DC-8-53 operating the flight, registered JA8012, crashed short of the New Delhi airport, killing 86 of 89 occupants: 10 of 11 crew members, and 76 of 78 passengers. Four people on the ground were also killed.

Passengers
Sixteen of the dead were Americans. Brazilian actress Leila Diniz was also among those killed, as was the sole Indian passenger on the flight, Dr. K.K.P. Narasinga Rao, a senior official of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.

One of the cabin attendants that were killed in the crash was the sister of San'yūtei Enraku V.

Sequence of events
The flight was on the Bangkok-New Delhi portion of its Tokyo-London route when the accident occurred.  The flight took off from Don Mueang International Airport in Bangkok at 11:21 UTC en route to New Delhi.  At 14:43 UTC, the flight was given clearance for a straight-in ILS approach to runway 28. The plane crashed into the banks of the Yamuna River not long after the 23 mile (43 km) report from the DME.

Cause
The exact cause of the accident remains disputed.  Investigators representing Japan pointed to the possibility of a false glide path signal causing the crash.  Indian investigators claimed the crash was caused by pilot error, specifically the captain ignoring instrument indications and not having sight of the runway (the first officer was flying the approach to New Delhi).

See also

Indian Airlines Flight 440, another aviation disaster that took place at Palam less than a year after Japan Airlines Flight 471.

References

Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
471
Aviation accidents and incidents in India
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1972
Accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-8
Aviation accidents and incidents with disputed cause
1972 in India
1972 in Japan
June 1972 events in Asia


Oxyothespis acuticeps is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

acuticeps
Insects described in 1930


Oxyothespis alata is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

alata
Insects described in 1950


Oxyothespis apostata is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

apostata
Insects described in 1984


José Antonio Martín Domínguez (born 4 April 1964) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a left midfielder.

Club career
Born in Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Catalonia, Domínguez was a product of FC Barcelona's youth system, but only appeared once with the first team, good enough for a 1985 championship medal. For four years, he was mainly registered with the third side and the reserves, scoring 15 Segunda División goals in 1987–88 for the latter, a record that was only surpassed nearly 30 years later by Jonathan Soriano. Ahead of the following season, he signed for neighbours UE Figueres of the same league.

After only one year, Domínguez returned immediately to La Liga, joining CA Osasuna. In his first three seasons, he experienced a fourth place in 1990–91, a third-round run in the subsequent edition of the UEFA Cup and 104 league games. However, he featured sparingly in his last two years, and the Navarrese were also relegated at the end of the 1993–94 campaign.

Domínguez retired at the age of 35 after two seasons with CA Marbella and three with lowly CF Gavà, the former club in the second tier.

International career
Domínguez appeared in three 1991 friendlies for Spain, against Portugal (his debut, on 16 January), Hungary and Romania.

Honours
Barcelona
La Liga: 1984–85

References

External links

1964 births
Living people
People from Sant Joan Despí
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from the Province of Barcelona
Men's association football midfielders
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
FC Barcelona C players
FC Barcelona Atlètic players
FC Barcelona players
UE Figueres footballers
CA Osasuna players
CA Marbella footballers
CF Gavà players
Spain men's international footballers


Oxyothespis bifurcata is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

bifurcata
Insects described in 1982


Oxyothespis brevicollis is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

brevicollis
Insects described in 1930


Oxyothespis brevipennis is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

brevipennis
Insects described in 1930


Oxyothespis flavipennis is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

flavipennis
Insects described in 1941


Oxyothespis longicollis is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

longicollis
Insects described in 1931


Oxyothespis longipennis is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

longipennis
Insects described in 1941


Oxyothespis mammillata is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

mammillata
Insects described in 1930


Oxyothespis maroccana is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

maroccana
Endemic fauna of Morocco
Insects described in 1908


Oxyothespis meridionalis is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

meridionalis
Insects described in 1996


Oxyothespis nilotica is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

nilotica
Insects described in 1916


Oxyothespis noctivaga is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae. There are no subspecies.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

External links
 https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id968392/

noctivaga
Insects described in 1952


Oxyothespis parva is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

parva
Insects described in 1935


Oxyothespis pellucida is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

pellucida
Insects described in 1938


Oxyothespis persica is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

persica
Insects described in 1913


Oxyothespis philbyi is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

philbyi
Insects described in 1982


Oxyothespis senegalensis is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

senegalensis
Insects described in 1870


Oxyothespis sudanensis is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

sudanensis
Insects described in 1916


Oxyothespis tricolor is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

tricolor
Endemic fauna of Libya
Insects described in 1941


Oxyothespis villiersi is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

villiersi
Insects described in 1950


Oxyothespis wagneri is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

wagneri
Insects described in 1849


IMes is an abbreviation for an organic compound that is a common ligand in organometallic chemistry.  It is an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC).  The compound, a white solid, is often not isolated but instead is generated upon attachment to the metal centre.

First prepared by Arduengo, the heterocycle is synthesized by condensation of 2,4,6-trimethylaniline and glyoxal to give the diimine.  In the presence of acid, the resulting glyoxal-bis(mesitylimine) condenses with formaldehyde to give the dimesitylimidazolium cation.  This cation is the conjugate acid of the NHC.

Related compounds
Bulkier than IMes is the NHC ligand IPr (CAS 244187-81-3).  IPr features diisopropylphenyl in place of the mesityl substituents.

Some variants of IMes and IPr have saturated backbones, two such ligands are SIMes and SIPr.  They are prepared by alkylation of substituted anilines with dibromoethane followed by ring closure and dehydrohalogenation of the dihydroimidazolium salt.

References

Further reading

Organometallic chemistry
Carbenes
Ligands


The Nidaros Cathedral West Front (Nidarosdomens Vestfront), which includes multiple sculptures, was the final portion of the Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim, Norway that was restored. Nidaros Cathedral is the world's northernmost medieval cathedral and Norway's national sanctuary. The West Front is the cathedral's main facade and one of the most beautiful and ornate portions of the church. The restoration of the West Front took from 1905 to 1983 and was worked on by a large number of sculptors. In 1869, the Nidaros Cathedral Restoration Workshop was founded with the purpose of restoring the Cathedral, and celebrated a 150 years Anniversary in 2019.

A picture of the West Front from 1661 shows extensive deterioration, with only the bottom sections left standing. Only five statues from the Middle Ages have survived. The restoration of the West Front took from 1905 to 1983 and was worked on by a large number of sculptors.

The largest church bell in Norway hangs in the West Front's north tower. Installed in 1964, it weighs 2,400 kg, and people say that it can be heard in Melhus, all of 30 km away, when the wind is in the right direction. The church has three bells. The 'Great Bell' is the oldest and was cast in Hoorn in the Netherlands in 1751.

This part of the church is also the most recent of the original cathedral constructions; archbishop Sigurd Eindrideson laid the cornerstone for the west front in 1248. The construction was not yet complete when the church was burnt in 1328. The original design for the west face is not known, but one can assume that it was never built to those original plans; it is reasonable to assume that a screen front similar to that used elsewhere was planned on the west. Screen fronts were often rectangular and served as a cover to conceal the rest of the church.  English cathedrals from the same period, among others Lincoln Cathedral, Wells Cathedral and Salisbury Cathedral, had similar fronts. The west front had three entrances and is flanked by two smaller towers on each side of the façade.

Reconstruction

Of the overall Nidaros Cathedral restoration, reconstruction of the west front stirred the most debate.  The Nidaros Cathedral had not been well maintained and the west front was among the most deteriorated parts of the church in 1869. The difficulty in restoration was exacerbated by the fact that it was the portion of the church which was the most complex, least well documented, and most difficult to reconstruct. The initial condition was so bad that many professionals opposed any attempt to restore without major reconstruction.

There is limited documentation of the west front, as it was rebuilt after the fire in the 1328 and later fires. The oldest known depiction of the west front is a print prepared by Jacob Mortensson Maschius (~1630–78) from 1661, which shows two full floors and part of the third floor. Evidence indicates that there was a window on the third floor, as in Lincoln Cathedral.  Here it is inset a curved tip rose window in Gothic style. Written sources document that Nidaros Cathedral had such a rose window:

Absalon Pederssøn Beyer (1528–75) recorded around 1560.  Gunnar Danbolt (1940–) citing a different source from 1500 in his book Nidarosdomen, fra Kristkirke til nasjonalmonument (Nidarosdomen, from Christian church to national monument) published in  1997, quoted:

There is such a "karfunkelsten" or carbuncle (an older term for any red-precious stones) in the center of the rose window today; it traditionally symbolizes Christ.

Architect Christian Christie
Since there was limited documentation on the original west front layout, there was an extensive discussion of what was appropriate for the restoration in 1903. The cathedral architect, Christian Christie was uncertain whether the Gothic style or a practical, functional structure was preferable. In his sketch of 1903 the west face did not include a rose window, for which he was subjected to criticism.

The restoration of the west front did not begin before his death in 1906. Nils Ryjord took over temporarily after Christie's death.

Architect Olaf Nordhagen
After Christies death, an architectural competition was held for design of the west front, and the shared first prize went to Olaf Nordhagen   and Henrik Bull. In 1909 Nordhagen was employed, and his sketch of the west front prepared in 1913, which contained the front screen, rose window and side tower, was approved by the Norwegian Parliament. However, in 1915 he made radical changes in the drawings, while the historian Macody Lund proposed a completely different configuration for the west face and west gable, based on the golden ratio. This conflict of views led to significant delays in the restoration, culminating in convening an international expert commission, which rejected Macody Lunds proposed approach in 1923. In 1930, five years after Nordhagen's death, only the first three floors and the rose window completed.

Architect Helge Thiis
In 1929, a new architectural competition was held, and the proposal that won,  Kongespeilet was prepared by Helge Thiis. This started the last phase in the restoration of the west front. Thiis was appointed as the cathedral architect, a position he held from 1930 until his death in 1972. He believed that the work on the west front was essentially an artistic exercise in the spirit and form of Gothic architecture and of the Church as a whole, than a reconstruction. His work has much in common with Nordhagen's approved sketch, and represents the west front as it appears today.

Construction
This concluded that the front should be built following a rhythmic proportional system: "The seated statues have the same height as the first pictorial series, the deep niches as second pictorial series, and in height from cornice band under the royal floor up to the tip of the arch is equal to twice the lower height." The rectangular screen fronts baseline dimensions are based on the principle of the golden ratio. The two columns on each side of the rose window are placed according to this principle, the same is the position of the horizontal delineations between the second and third and between the third and fourth alcove openings. These lines are most clearly visible on the side towers.

The rectangular baseline also provides the baseline of an equilateral triangle with a vertex in the west gable front, which was completed in 1963. The rose window forms a circle in the triangle. A circle in an equilateral triangle is often regarded as the symbol for "God's eye."

The rose window

None of the Nidaros Cathedral's original stained glass windows were intact when the restoration work started in 1869. The concept followed was to reconstruct the church in the Gothic style, and as a result the new stained glass windows should also have standard medieval themes. In 1907 the architect Gabriel Kielland (1871–1960) won a competition for new paintings for Nidaros Cathedral's southern gable. In addition Kielland delivered proposals to all of the church windows, and received the commission to create the stained glass windows. The paintings are iconographic imagery which were produced in collaboration with Oluf Kolsrud (1885–1945), professor of church history. The themes are from the Bible stories and Saint's legends, the windows on the north side of the church have a blue background and shows predominantly scenes from the Old Testament, the windows on the south side of the church have a red background and shows a corresponding predominance of scenes of the New Testament, while the rose window motif that faces the sunset (west), symbolizes doomsday. The rose window's structural layout followed the design by cathedral architect Olaf Nordhagen, and the diameter is built up around an eightfold symmetry with the innermost parts proportioned such that the diameter is formed of 16 sheets.

The window expresses how things move outward from Christ and converge back to him by doomsday. In the middle is a red gem, which symbolizes Christ. The rays outward represent yellow flames in a blue background. Angels are located at the end of each flame; those on the upper half are singing and playing while those on the lower half are six winged. In the outermost ring are the angels of the judgment. Between the angels of judgment are the symbols for the four Evangelists. In the upper left is the Matthew the Evangelist as an angel with a written scroll. In the upper right is John the Evangelist represented as an eagle. In the bottom right is Luke the Evangelist as an ox. In the bottom left is Mark the Evangelist as a lion. The painted glass in the window consists of over 10,000 pieces. The rose window was presented as a gift from the women of Norway for St. Olav's anniversary in 1930, it was completed the same year and is regarded as Kielland's masterpiece.

Sculptures
The sculptures on the west front are partially based on Maschius' drawings, on guesswork and on pure fantasy. Originally, the wall was framed with two side towers, and had a series of sculptures. The few of them that survived clearly show a French influence, particularly traceable to the cathedral in Reims. It is unknown how many rows of sculptures there originally were – only the bottom row survived the fires and decay of the late Middle Ages; the five remaining sculptures are in poor condition. These sculptures are now in the museum in the Archbishop's Palace. Work on the sculptures started in 1929. The sculptures depict both biblical and historical characters.

The two lower rows of sculpture, proposed by Professor Oluf Kolsrud in 1928, are based on the engraving by Jacob Maschius. Kolsrud was an historical adviser on the church's restoration, and prepared an iconography for the sculptures. His proposal to place statues on the "royal floor" – although without evidence of historical precedent – was approved in 1935. It was assumed that the medieval sculptures were based on living models, and to a large extent, this concept is applied to the new sculptures. Thus the sculpture of Bishop Sigurd borrowed features from the poet Aasmund Olavsson Vinje, and Kristofer Leirdal's statue of the Archangel Michael on the top of the northwest tower was based, according to the sculptor, on the face of Bob Dylan – inspired by Dylan's opposition to the Vietnam War.

Above the row of kings, on top of each column that separates the niches containing sculptures of kings and prophets of the Old Testament, there are smaller sculptures that symbolize the twelve months in a year. These small sculptures, Gothic in style, were modeled by Odd Hilt in 1937–1938 and represent different tasks appropriate to the corresponding month of the year. Only one of them, the September sculpture representing the apple harvest, is female. Similar figures appropriate to the months can be found in several major European cathedrals dating from the Middle Ages, especially those in France.

The central axis of the west front is dominated by Jesus Christ, to whom the Nidaros Cathedral is dedicated. Christ comprises the stem of a tree, and the rows of sculptures represent branches of the tree. At the bottom of the middle axis lies a sculpted group of motifs from the crucifixion - the crucified Christ is based on a model by Wilhelm Rasmussen. Above the rose window is a relief with the same theme as the window's subject – doomsday – with Christ sitting in judgment; the relief was designed by Stinius Fredriksen. At the top of the west gable is a relief with Christ triumphant - the transfigured Christ, designed by Kristofer Leirdalen. Danbolt discusses these sculptures in his works about Nidarosdomen, noting that:
The crucifixion represents the possibility of salvation. In the doomsday sequence it is clear how this possibility is developed. And Christ triumphant draws our attention upward to the sky, which again represents realizing the possibility of salvation. This illustrates the second article of the Christian declaration of faith, "Christ has risen."

The sculptures spread from the center span toward each side. The top row contains the images of Christ's spiritual and physical ancestors. The middle row shows the Expulsion from Paradise and the Annunciation, on opposite sides of the rosette, as well as the Norwegian saints and their virtues. The bottom row of sculptures shows the Apostles, along with Saints and Kings who spread Christianity throughout Europe.

Additionally, the western façade is replete with lesser sculptures, masks, angels, gargoyles, and a large collection of fauna: bears, donkeys, elephants, cocks and bees. This wealth of sculpture is intended to represent the divine work of God's creation. In addition, there are reliefs, ornaments, arches and columns topped by ornate, richly carved capitals. Helge Thiis said that "no human eye can apprehend from the ground all the rich details contained in this Church".

Many of Norway's leading sculptors joined in creating the western façade, working for several decades. These include Gustav Vigeland (1869–1943), Wilhelm Rasmussen (1879–1965), Dyre Vaa (1903–1980), Stinius Fredriksen (1902–1977), Nic Schiøll (1901–1984), Arne Kvibergskaar, Odd Hilt (1915–1986), Knut Skinnarland (1909–1993), Tone Thiis Schjetne (1928-), Sivert Donali (1931-), Kristofer Leirdal (1915–2010), Arnold Haukeland (1920–1983), Anne Raknes (1914–2001), Helge Thiis and August Albertsen.

Details of sculptures

References

Literature

 Nidaros Domkirkes Restaureringsarbeider, Hvem er hvem på vestfronten, folder, Trondheim 2005

Churches in Trondheim


Michael George Wilson (born October 30, 1952, in Portland, Jamaica) is songwriter and musician living in Norristown, Pennsylvania. He was formerly most known for being an important part of Burning Spear's comeback during the late 1970s through the early 1980s.

Discography
Farover (1982)
Fittest of the Fittest (1983)

References
Burningspear.com

Jamaican reggae musicians
Living people
1952 births
People from Portland Parish


The Zhangzhou dialects (), also rendered Changchew, Chiangchew or Changchow, are a collection of Hokkien dialects spoken in southern Fujian province (in southeast China), centered on the city of Zhangzhou. The Zhangzhou dialect proper is the source of some place names in English, including Amoy (from , now called Xiamen), and Quemoy (from , now called Kinmen).

Classification
The Zhangzhou dialects are classified as Hokkien, a group of Southern Min varieties. In Fujian, the Zhangzhou dialects form the southern subgroup () of Southern Min. The dialect of urban Zhangzhou is one of the oldest dialects of Southern Min, and along with the urban Quanzhou dialect, it forms the basis for all modern varieties. When compared with other varieties of Hokkien, it has an intelligibility of 89.0% with the Amoy dialect and 79.7% with the urban Quanzhou dialect.

Phonology
This section is mostly based on the variety spoken in the urban area of Zhangzhou.

Initials
There are 15 phonemic initials:

When the rime is nasalized, the three voiced phonemes ,  and  are realized as the nasals ,  and , respectively.

Rimes
There are 85 rimes:

The vowel  is the open central unrounded vowel  in most rimes, including , , , , , , , , . In the rimes  and ,  is realized as  (i.e. as  and ) or  (i.e. as  and ).

The rimes  and  are usually realized with a short  between the vowel  and the velar consonant. In many areas outside of the urban area of Zhangzhou, including Pinghe, Changtai, Yunxiao, Zhao'an and Dongshan,  and  are pronounced as  and  instead.

The codas ,  and  are unreleased, i.e. ,  and , respectively.

Tones
There are seven tones:

Most people in the urban area do not pronounce the dark level tone as high-level, but slightly mid-rising. While most sources still records this tone as 44, its tone value has also been recorded as 24, 45, 34 or 35 to reflect its rising nature.

Tone sandhi
The Zhangzhou dialect has nine tone sandhi rules: only the last syllable of nouns and clause endings remain unchanged by tone sandhi. The two-syllable tone sandhi rules are shown in the table below:

Notes

References

Sources

Fujian
Hokkien-language dialects
Zhangzhou
City colloquials


The Pepsi Chart (later known as Pepsi Live) was a music show on Network Ten that consisted of live performances both from Sydney, Australia and London, United Kingdom. Each show would end up with a look at the top 10 singles in Australia.

Originally it was hosted by Tory Mussett and afterwards Dylan Lewis took over presenting duties.

See also

 List of Australian music television shows

Network 10 original programming
Australian music television series
2000 Australian television series debuts
2003 Australian television series endings


The  was a large underground bunker complex built during the Second World War in the town of Matsushiro, which is now a suburb of Nagano, Japan. The facility was constructed so that the central organs of the government of the Empire of Japan could be transferred there in the event of an Allied invasion. In its construction, three mountains that were symbolic of the Matsushiro municipality were damaged.

Parts of the caves are open to the public today, and are operated as a tourist attraction by Nagano.

Construction

Construction began on November 11, 1944, and continued until Japan's surrender on August 15, 1945. Construction was 75% completed at the end of the war, with  of floor-space (60,000 cubic meters (2,000,000 cu ft) of volume) excavated. Between 7,000 and 10,000 Korean forced laborers were used to build the complex, and it is estimated that 1,500 of them died. Forty-six Koreans disappeared on August 15, 1945, when Japan surrendered. The project cost ¥200,000,000.

Composition

The complex was an interlinked series of tunnels underneath several mountains. Facilities for the Imperial General Headquarters and palace functions were constructed under Mount Maizuru; military communications under Mount Saijo; government agencies, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) and central telephone facilities under Mount Zōzan; the residences of the imperial family under Mount Minakami, and the Imperial Sanctuary under Mount Kōbō.

Purpose
The original purpose of the complex was to serve as an alternative headquarters for the Imperial General headquarters. However, in March 1945, secret orders were issued to add a palace to the complex. Yoshijirō Umezu informed Emperor Hirohito about construction of the complex in May, but did not tell him that it contained a palace. The plan was to relocate the Emperor to the complex in an armored train. When informed about the existence of the palace in July, Hirohito twice refused to relocate. It has been suggested that he refused because going to Matsushiro would have isolated the Emperor and allowed the army to rule in his name, effectively guaranteeing they would pursue the war to "suicidal extremes".

Before the war, the Imperial Army's prevalent thinking was that Tokyo, close to the shore and on the rim of the Kantō Plain, was indefensible. Therefore, in the scenario of a fight on Japanese soil, they planned to have the vital organs of government shifted inland. When Saipan fell in July 1944, the bombing of Japan and the final battle in Japan became a real problem. In the same month, by a decision made at Prime Minister and War leader Hideki Tojo's last cabinet meeting, approval was given to transfer the palace, the army headquarters and other important governmental organs to Matsushiro.  The complex was designed specifically to withstand B-29 bombings.

Construction

In the initial plan, the government, the NHK and the telephone bureau was planned for the Mount Zōzan tunnel.
The Mount Minakami tunnel was intended to house the Imperial Palace and the general staff. However, the soil beneath the mountain could not support such a scheme and the plan was changed to move the palace and the general staff to the Mount Maizuru tunnel. On Mount Maizuru, a concrete building was constructed externally and the Mount Minakami tunnel was converted into a storage facility. The combined length of the three shelters exceeded 10 km.

The army bought the land through government agencies. Since silkworm keeping was very profitable at that time, the acquisition of mulberry fields was made at three different prices according to the productivity of the land. The land was deemed useless after the war and saw its value drop to half of the price at which it was acquired. 130 of roughly 500 families were evacuated for the construction, which was directed by the Eastern Command of the Imperial Army. Agriculture itself was allowed, so farmers and their dependents stayed at relatives' houses nearby. To conceal the extent of the evacuation, the houses of evacuated families were left as they were and the families were allowed to leave with only three tatami mats. After the war, on 9 November, some returned to their houses and started repairs.

The first explosion was made on 11 November 1944 and work commenced thereafter. Dynamite was used and the debris was removed primarily through human labour. In total, 7000 Koreans and 3000 Japanese worked three eight-hour shifts and later two twelve-hour shifts on the site. Aside from the above, a further estimated 120,000 workers from Nishimatsu Company, 79,600 labour volunteers, 157,000 subcontractors from the companies Nishimatsu and Kajima, and 254,000 Korean labourers were involved in the project.  However, with three-quarters of the facilities completed, work was halted on 15 August due to the surrender of Japan.

Imperial shrine

There was in place a plan to move the Imperial Regalia of Japan of the Imperial Sanctuary from Tokyo to Matsushiro. Initially, the replacement shrine was planned in the Mount Maizuru tunnels.

However, the unit in charge of the shrine had no idea how to build one. Tokyo University engineering professor Private First Class Katsukazu Sekino was put in charge. The headquarters asked the advice of several other professors. At the instruction of one of them, the tunnels were split into lightning forms to reduce the impact from bombs. The "Japanese of pure blood" came from youths at the Atami branch of the Railroad Ministry training institutes. Work started in July 1944, but was halted shortly thereafter.

Naval tunnel

The Imperial Japanese Navy opposed the idea of fighting a battle on Japanese soil. Nonetheless it was allotted a tunnel plan in June 1945. The 300th Division in Yokosuka engaged in building aircraft hangars sent half of its strength to build the naval tunnel. It was intended to be 3.5 km long and was 16 km away from the rest of the complex in Matsushiro. The capacity of the tunnel was approximately 1,000 people. The group managed to dig 100 meters into the ground before the surrender.

Comfort women
Around the shelters, there were three comfort houses with four to five Korean comfort women servicing them. These were, however, not intended for soldiers, but primarily for supervisors of higher standing within the ranks of the Korean laborers. However, it is rumored that children were chided for staring at soldiers in trucks and women in what appeared to be Chinese clothes.

Among these facilities, there was an entertainment room for female staff of a local company. Following its liquidation in 1938, it became in September 1944 an accommodation facility for laborers. In November, a Korean family of five and three comfort women who could not speak Japanese, who were allegedly brought in by Korean authorities to comfort Korean laborers, started a gambling facility in the premises. After the war, the family and others left for home.

Location

Major Masataka Ida of the Ministry of War of Japan and later of Kyūjō incident fame, proposed the location. After the general staff approved it, the Railway Ministry conducted a survey of the area, finalizing the plans to build the complex. Six advantages of the location were pointed out in Ida's proposition:

 The widest flat area in Honshu, with an airstrip nearby;
 Solid substrate suitable for excavation and ability to withstand 10-ton bombs;
 Completely surrounded by mountains, yet having a sufficient flat surface area for underground construction;
 Abundance of labor (later proven untrue);
 Nagano Prefecture's residents were naive people and would not reveal secrets.
 The old name for Nagano, Shinshū (信州, "Shin[ano] Province"), is a homophone of Shinshū (神州, "land of the gods"), and was therefore considered auspicious.

This proposal primarily involved setting up bunkers for the army throughout the Japanese homeland. It was afterwards that Prime Minister Tojo Hideki expanded the project to accommodate the transfer of the government.

While the project was an operational secret in the guise of a warehouse, according to a statement of a local Japanese labourer, rumors were rife in the surrounding villages and towns that the emperor was coming to town. The cause of the rumors was the massive amounts of cargo arriving in trains.

After the war

After the surrender of Japan, most of the documents relating to the Matsushiro complex were destroyed. As a result, very little is known about the day-to-day construction of the facility.

In 1946, a local Buddhist association received permission to convert what was going to be the imperial palace into an orphanage.  In 1947, plans to convert the whole complex into an orphanage complex for war orphans were debated but not implemented. The Meteorological Agency then set up a seismographic office in the concrete building at Mount Maizuru. An assortment of seismographs and equipment were installed, making it the largest office of its kind in Japan.

In 1967, the Matsushiro Earthquake Center was built on part of the Mount Maizuru ruins following a local earthquake.  In 1990, parts of the Mount Zōzan bunker were opened by Nagano Municipality and Shinshu University set up an astronomical observatory inside. Subsequently, more of the complex was opened by the sightseeing department of the same office.

The city of Nagano spent many years trying to attract the Olympic Games, culminating in their successful bid to host the 1998 Winter Olympics. During the bidding period and again during the games, peace activists accused the city of Nagano and the Nagano Organizing Committee (NAOC) of burying the past. Masako Yamane, a local activist who worked to bring increased attention to the Matsuhiro complex, decried actions by Nagano officials which she felt obfuscated the site’s history: "Just the other day, the authorities blocked the entrances to the underground shelters with fences, despite requests that the last Imperial General Headquarters should be preserved and left be open to the public. They're afraid it will hurt their chances to get the Olympic Games to come to Nagano! They're trying to draw down the curtain on the Shōwa era. It's inexcusable.”

During the games, the complex was omitted from all maps and tourist information passed out to visitors. Peace activists asked the NAOC to include the caves on their list of interesting places to visit in Nagano, but their requests went unanswered.

The complex today is administered by Nagano city's sightseeing bureau. The caves are mostly closed to the public – only the first 500 meters of the Mount Zōzan facilities are open.

In 2014, in response to protests from Japanese nationalists the city of Nagano placed tape over the mention of the forced conscription of Korean laborers in the onsite plaque.

See also
 Volunteer Fighting Corps
 Japanese Government Railways
 Japan Meteorological Agency

Other bunkers:
Project Greek Island (at The Greenbrier Hotel)
Wolfsschanze
Führerbunker
Churchill War Rooms
Underground Project 131

Notes

References

Bunkers
Fortifications in Japan
Empire of Japan
Military history of Japan during World War II
Japan campaign
World War II sites in Japan
Buildings and structures in Nagano Prefecture
Tourist attractions in Nagano Prefecture
Nagano (city)
Hirohito
20th-century fortifications


Order is the fifth and final studio album by the German metalcore band Maroon. It was released on April 20, 2009 though Century Media Records. The album debuted at number 63 on the German Media Control Charts.

Track listing
 "Morin Heights" – 1:22
 "Erode" – 4:00
 "Stay Brutal" – 3:47
 "A New Order" – 3:26
 "Bleak" – 6:23
 "This Ship Is Sinking" – 4:23
 "Call of Telah" – 0:54
 "Leave You Scared & Broken" – 4:40
 "Children of the Next Level" – 3:18
 "Bombs Over Ignorance" – 3:22
 "Wolves at the End of the Street" – 4:01
 "Schatten" – 7:35
 "Under the Surface" (Bonus Track) – 4:29
 "Wider Allem" (Bonus Track) – 2:53
 "Teenage Kicks" (Bonus Track) – 2:23
 "Maschinerie" (Bonus Track) – 3:51

The song "Schatten" is the longest track on the album and is completely written in German.

Personnel
Andre Moraweck – vocals
Sebastian Grund – guitar
Sebastian Rieche – guitar
Tom Eric Moraweck – bass guitar
Nick Wachsmuth – drums

References

2009 albums
Maroon (band) albums


Phatthalung Football Club (Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลจังหวัดพัทลุง ) is a Thai professional football club based in Phatthalung Province. The club is currently playing in the Thai League 3 Southern region.

Timeline

History of events of Phatthalung Football Club:

In 2022, Phatthalung competed in the Thai League 3 for the 2022–23 season. It is their 7th season in the professional league. The club started the season with a 1–4 away defeat to MH Nakhon Si City and they ended the season with a 1–2 home defeat to MH Nakhon Si City. The club has finished 9th place in the league of the Southern region. In addition, in the 2022–23 Thai League Cup Phatthalung was penalty shoot-out defeated 1–4 by Young Singh Hatyai United in the second qualification round, causing them to be eliminated.

Stadium and locations

Seasons

Club officials

Players

Current squad

Honours

Domestic leagues
Regional League Division 2 Southern
 Runners-up (1) : 2011

References

External links

Association football clubs established in 1998
Football clubs in Thailand
Phatthalung province
1998 establishments in Thailand


"Mountains" is a song written by Richie McDonald, Larry Boone and Paul Nelson, and recorded by American country music band Lonestar. It was released in June 2006 as the lead single from their seventh studio album of the same name. The song is the band's final Top Ten hit, reaching a peak of number 10 on the U.S. country singles charts in late 2006.

Content
"Mountains" is a mid-tempo in which the narrator cites two examples of people who overcome difficult situations in their lives. The first is a single mother who has to work two jobs to put her kids through school, and the second is an armed service veteran who sustained an injury in combat that required him to have a leg amputated, but runs a marathon wearing a prosthesis despite the pain he feels. In both situations, the narrator uses mountains as a metaphor for the struggles each person faces.

Music video
The music video was filmed partially west of Denver, Colorado (where the band played), and was directed by Kristin Barlowe.

Chart performance

Year-end charts

References

2006 singles
2006 songs
Lonestar songs
Songs written by Larry Boone
Songs written by Richie McDonald
Songs written by Paul Nelson (songwriter)
BNA Records singles
Song recordings produced by Mark Bright (record producer)
Country ballads
Songs about mountains


Eaglestone may refer to:
Eaglestones or Aetites (Latin) are hollow geode stones, once with a reputation for protection in child birth and other properties
a nickname for the large seeds of the tropical nickernut climbing vine
Clach an Tiompain, Pictish standing stone called the Eagle Stone
Places
Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, England
People
Phil Eaglestone, born 1982, Irish international cricketer
Robin Eaglestone, born 1976, British musician


"Bobbie Sue" is a song written by Wood Newton, Dan Tyler and Adele Tyler, and recorded by American country music group The Oak Ridge Boys.  It was released in January 1982 as the first single and title track to the group's album of the same name.  That April, the song became the Oaks' sixth No. 1 single on the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart.

In addition to its country success, "Bobbie Sue" also fared well on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at No. 12 on that chart in the spring of 1982.

Background
The song is styled much in the vein of a late 1950s/early 1960s rock-and-roll song, as evidenced by its saxophone solo during the musical bridges.

Content
"Bobbie Sue," named for the song's main character (and described as "the sweetest grape that ever grew on the vine"), is in a sense about an 18-year-old woman's sexual awakening. The role of boyfriend, the song's protagonist, is filled by the singer.

The first verse establishes that the protagonist had heard about Bobbie Sue from a friend, and he quickly spends as much time with her as possible. After turning 18, Bobbie Sue begins to rebel against her parents — Robert and Ruth — and decides to marry her boyfriend. Bobbie Sue's parents apparently disapprove of the relationship ("Her Daddy told her that she'd have to wait/Her Mama said don't make a big mistake"), but the young couple is determined to elope ("But we'll keep driving till we're out of state/And when they find us it'll be too late").

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

Works cited
Roland, Tom, "The Billboard Book of Number One Country Hits." (Billboard Books, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1991 ()).

1982 singles
The Oak Ridge Boys songs
Songs written by Wood Newton
Song recordings produced by Ron Chancey
MCA Records singles
1982 songs
Songs written by Dan Tyler


Larry Pierce may refer to:

 Larry Pierce (figure skater) (1937–1961), American ice dancer
 Larry S. Pierce (1941–1965), American soldier and Medal of Honor recipient
 Larry Pierce (singer) (1950–2018), American singer
 Larry Pierce (jockey) (born 1945), retired American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey

See also
 Lawrence W. Pierce (born 1924), American federal judge


The Laird of Torloisk was the hereditary owner of an estate on the Isle of Mull:
Lachlan Og Maclean, 1st Laird of Torloisk
Hector Maclean, 2nd Laird of Torloisk
Lachlan Maclean, 3rd Laird of Torloisk
Alexander Maclean, 4th Laird of Torloisk (1690-1715), was captain in the Second battalion of the Scots Guards, and served in the Spanish wars; at age twenty-five, he had his leg broken at the Battle of Brihuega, in Spain, in 1710, by a musket ball, of which he fevered and died; dying without children, he was succeeded by his cousin
Donald Maclean, 5th Laird of Torloisk
Hector Maclean, 6th Laird of Torloisk never married, and on his death in Glasgow on May 29, 1765, he was succeeded by his immediate younger brother
Lachlan Maclean, 7th Laird of Torloisk

See also
Torloisk House
Allan Maclean of Torloisk

Torloisk
Baronies in the Baronage of Scotland


G. R. Point is a play about the Vietnam War by the American playwright and Vietnam war veteran David Berry.

The G.R. in the title stands for "Graves Registration", with the play focusing on soldiers whose task it is to package the dead in black plastic bags for shipment back to the United States.

G. R. Point, Berry's first play, won an Obie Award for Distinguished Playwriting and a Drama Desk Nomination for Best New American Play in 1977.

See also
List of plays with anti-war themes

References

American plays
1977 plays
Vietnam War fiction
Anti-war plays
1970s debut plays
Off-Broadway plays
Obie Award-winning plays


Empusa binotata is a species of praying mantis in family Empusidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

binotata
Insects described in 1839


Empusa fasciata is a species of praying mantis in the genus Empusa in the order Mantodea.

Appearance

The praying mantis Empusa fasciata has a tapering head with a miter-like helmet, oval compound eyes, slender raptorial forelegs and a long thin thorax. E. fasciata often bends sharply upward at the abdomen, making the thorax appear even longer. The ventral abdomen and the femurs of the long thin walking legs have distinct lobules, which serve as camouflage. Due to its bizarre shape and the yellowish-green striped pattern of the legs, E. fasciata is well-camouflaged in vegetation, and is noticeable only when in motion.

Distribution and life cycle
E. fasciata can be found from western Asia to the northeastern coast of Italy, and appears most commonly in the southern Balkans. It prefers xerothermic sites. For instance, on the Adriatic coast, E. fasciata is found mainly on south-facing flysch and karst slopes, where Mantis religiosa can also occur. From Croatia to the bay of Trieste, E. fasciata reaches its adult stage in May. Mating can occur repeatedly, and females lay their eggs on vegetation. The adult males die soon after mating, and the females after oviposition. The larvae hatch in July and overwinter in the pre-adult stage.

Behavior
E. fasciata is a highly successful ambush predator. In the course of evolution, it has specialized in preying on fast flying insects, such as flies and bees. One reason for this preference may be that flying insects serve as nutritious food, which is important in the spring when there is a limited food supply. Adult females often perch on flowers, where they wait to prey on honeybees. Insect prey can be captured upon landing, or even during flight, due to the fast strike of E. fasciata and its ability to rotate its head and the two powerful raptorial forelegs more than 90° laterally, without moving the rest of its body. E. fasciata shows no evidence of being cannibalistic. Distinct rocking and jerking movements are executed, which not only serve as camouflage in moving vegetation, but also facilitate spatial vision with the aid of motion parallax or retinal image displacement.

Among the Mantodea, E. fasciata is a relatively good flyer. The fore and hind wings are moved up and down simultaneously, at a rate of about thirty wingbeats per second. E. fasciata is generally diurnal, however males fly at night to find pheromone plumes emitted by sexually active females. The odor receptors used for this are located on the long feathered antennae. There is evidence that flying males are able to avoid attack by bats due to the ability to detect sounds in the frequency range (50 – 100 kHz) used by bats for echolocation. The auditory system found in various mantis species is a single ear, and is situated in the ventral midline of the thorax near the junction with the abdomen.

Gallery

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

Mantodea of Asia
fasciata
Mantodea of Europe
Insects described in 1832


Empusa guttula is a species of praying mantis in the family Empusidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

guttula
Insects described in 1815


Empusa longicollis is a species of praying mantis in the family Empusidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

longicollis
Insects described in 1950


Empusa pennicornis is a species of praying mantis in the family Empusidae.

Subspecies
 E. p. angulata (Uzbekistan)
 E. p. baysunica (Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan)
 E. p. buharica (Uzbekistan)
 E. p. caputobtusa (Tajikistan)
 E. p. condarinica (Tajikistan)
 E. p. copetdagica (Turkmenistan)
 E. p. hodshamuminica (Tajikistán)
 E. p. iliense (Kazakhstan)
 E. p. longoapicale (Kazakhstan)
 E. p. longidorsa (Tajikistan)
 E. p. luppovae (Tajikistan)
 E. p. mujuncumica (Kazakhstan)
 E. p. orientalis (Kazakhstán)
 E. p. similis (Tajikistan)
 E. p. vidorsa (Kazakhstán and Tajikistán)

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

Mantodea of Asia
pennicornis
Insects described in 1773


Empusa romboidea is a species of praying mantis in the family Empusidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

romboidae
Insects described in 1976


Empusa simonyi is a species of praying mantis in the family Empusidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

simonyi
Insects described in 1902


Empusa uvarovi is a species of praying mantis in the family Empusidae.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

uvarovi
Insects described in 1921


Lachlan Og MacLean, 1st Laird of Torloisk was the second son of Sir Lachlan Mor Maclean and the first Laird of Torloisk.

Biography
He was the second son of Sir Lachlan Mor Maclean, and he received from his father a charter of the lands of Lehire-Torloisk, forfeited by the son of Ailean nan Sop, which was afterward confirmed by royal grant. He was present at the Battle of Gruinnart, and was severely wounded. He was a witness to a charter given by his father to Martin MacGillivray of Pennyghael, and subscribed himself in the Irish characters, Mise Lachin Mhac Gilleoin. He was an important man in his day, and was so influential that he was compelled to make his appearance before the privy council.

He was first married to Marian, daughter of Sir Duncan Campbell of Achnabreck and had:
Hector MacLean, 2nd Laird of Torloisk
He was a second time married to Margaret, daughter of Captain Stewart of Dumbarton, but had no children.
He was a third time married to Marian, daughter of Donald MacDonald of Clanranald, and had:
Hector Maclean
Lachlan Og Maclean, who died unmarried but had a son Donald Maclean
Lachlan Catanach Maclean was killed at Inverkeithing
Ewen Maclean
John Diuriach Maclean married the daughter of John Maclean, Laird of Ardgour and had Allan and several daughters
Other children include:
Allan Maclean who died unmarried at Harris
Neil Maclean who married a daughter of Lochbuie, by whom he had a daughter
Lachlan, who died a lieutenant-colonel in the British service
Jannet Maclean, married Hector, first MacLean of Kinlochaline
Mary Maclean, married John Garbh, eldest son of John Dubh of Morvern
Catherine Maclean, married John, brother to MacNeil of Barra
Julian Maclean, married Allan MacLean, brother of Lochbuie
Isabella Maclean, married Martin MacGillivray of Pennyghael

Lachlan Og lived to an advanced age, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Hector MacLean, 2nd Laird of Torloisk.

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Lachlan Og MacLean, 1st Laird of Torloisk
Lachlan


WURH-CD, virtual channel 13 (UHF digital channel 29), is a low-power, Class A television station licensed to Miami, Florida, United States, simulcasting the third digital subchannel of PBS member station WPBT (channel 2). Owned by South Florida PBS, WURH-CD and WPBT are sisters to Boynton Beach-licensed fellow PBS member WXEL-TV (channel 42). The three stations share transmitter facilities on Northwest 199th Street in Andover, Florida.

History
On October 16, 1990, construction permit 890310UU became W25BF. On July 7, 1997, W25BF became WIMP-LP. WIMP became a class A station on September 18, 2001, and became WIMP-CA as a result. After a flash-cut to digital TV while staying on physical channel 25, it became WIMP-CD in November 2011.

Then-owner Sunshine Broadcasting Company sold WIMP-CD's spectrum as part of the broadcast incentive auction, for $3,138,184. On December 15, 2017, Sunshine Broadcasting closed on the donation of the station to South Florida PBS, Inc. It planned to enter into a channel-sharing arrangement to operate the station on the spectrum allocated to their WPBT. The station changed its call sign to WURH-CD on December 27, 2017.

The station was previously affiliated with HSN, and Elementos TV, a Hispanic TV network from Salt Lake City, Utah.

Digital channel

References

External links

URH-CD
URH
Television channels and stations established in 1997
1997 establishments in Florida


West Madaket was a steam cargo ship built in 1918–1919 by Skinner & Eddy Corporation of Seattle for the United States Shipping Board as part of the wartime shipbuilding program of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) to restore the nation's Merchant Marine.

Construction
West Madaket was built in 1918 as a commercial cargo ship at Seattle, Washington by the Skinner and Eddy Corporation. Launched on 5 October 1918, she was acquired by the U.S. Navy for World War I service upon completion on 31 October 1918, assigned naval registry Identification Number (Id. No.) 3636, and commissioned the same day as USS West Madaket at Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Washington.

Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service, West Madaket completed her sea trials too late to see service before World War I ended on 11 November 1918. She departed for the United States East Coast on 18 November 1918 with a cargo of 7,031 tons of flour consigned to European food relief. Voyaging via the Panama Canal, she arrived at New York City on 16 December 1918 and departed on 22 December 1918, bound for Europe. She made port at Falmouth, England, on 5 January 1919 and pushed on, that same day, for Rotterdam, the Netherlands, where she discharged her cargo until 23 January 1919.

Returning to New York on 9 February 1919, West Madaket loaded 6,841 tons of general cargo and made a voyage to Le Verdon-sur-Mer, France, returning to New York on 28 April 1919.

West Madaket was decommissioned on 8 May 1919 at Newport News, Virginia, and was transferred to the United States Shipping Board on the same day.

Once again SS West Madaket, she remained in the custody of the Shipping Board until the United States Maritime Commission was established and replaced the Shipping Board in 1936. She then continued in Maritime Commission service into World War II. On 5 May 1943, while steaming with Convoy ONS 5, she was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by .

References

NavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive: West Madaket (ID 3636)

Design 1013 ships
Design 1013 ships of the United States Navy
Ships built by Skinner & Eddy
1918 ships
World War I cargo ships of the United States
World War I auxiliary ships of the United States
World War II merchant ships of the United States
Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
Maritime incidents in May 1943


Kang Dae-ha (April 12, 1942 – 1995) was a South Korean screenwriter, producer, film and art director and poet.

Biography
Kang Dae-ha was born in Seogwipo, Jeju Island, Korea in 1942, and majored in creative writing at Seorabeol Arts University. He initially considered becoming a painter, but after graduating high school he turned to literature, writing poetry for coterie magazine The Cliff (Jeolbyeok). His poem, The Paean (Changa), was recommended in the December 1965 issue of the monthly literary magazine Contemporary Literature (Hyundae Munhak). Before going on to get a third recommendation—the last step to becoming a professional poet—he instead entered the film industry, gaining recognition for his 1970 screenplay, Somebody's' House (Tain-ui jip). Throughout his career he wrote more than fifty screenplays, including A Girl's First Love (Sonyeo-ui cheot-sarang, 1971), and Green Fallen-Leaves (Paran nagyeop, 1976).

In 1976, Kang debuted as a film director with the action film Immoral Man (Baedeokja), based on his own screenplay, which was produced by Gukje Film Promotion (국제영화흥업) and starred Lee Nak-hoon and Yeo Su-jin (여수진). Although the film depicts kidnapping, murder, and illicit drug dealing, the themes of Kang's subsequent works related more to Korean culture and religion. His second film as director, Three Generations of Widows (Gwabu 3dae, 1983), was also based on his own screenplay, and was set in a town of haenyeo (female divers) on Jeju Island in post war Korea.

Kang's later works include The Fire Arrow (불화살 1989), which dealt with Confucian tradition in ancient Korean society regarding women's faithfulness to their husbands, and Mayago (마야고 1989), which was based around Korean shamanism.

Kang died of liver cancer in Seoul in 1995.

Filmography

As director
 Immoral Man (배덕자 - Baedeokja, 1976)
 Three Generations of Widows (과부 3대 - Gwabu 3dae, 1983)
 Discord (불화살 - Bulhwasal, 1989)
 Mayago (마야고, 1990)
 The Firebird's Dance (불새의 춤 - Bulsae-ui chum, 1991)

As screenwriter
 Snowstorm (눈보라 - Nunbora, 1968)
 Endless Love (아무리 사랑해도 - Amuri Saranghaedo, 1969)
 Woman's Theater (여인극장 - Yeo-in geukjang, 1970)
 Someone's House (타인의 집 - Tain-ui jip, 1970)
 A girl's first love (소녀의 첫사랑 - Sonyeo-ui cheotsarang, 1971)
 The Crying Bird in Cheongsan (청산에 우는 새야 - Cheongsan-e uneun sae-ya, 1971)
 Dark Glasses (검은 안경 - Geom-eun angyeong, 1971)
 It Can't be Tears (아마도 빗물이겠지 - Amado bismul-igessji, 1971)
 The Partner (동업자 - Dong-eobja, 1972)
 A Wrecked Fishing Boat (난파선 - Nanpaseon, 1973)
 Bibari (비바리, 1973)
 Order of Assassination (암살지령 - Amsaljilyeong, 1974)
 In a Lonely Mountain Villa (외로운 산장에서 - Oelo-un sanjang-eseo, 1974)
 Where There is Love (사랑이 있는 곳에 - Salang-i issneun gos-e, 1974)
 The 49th Day After Death (49제 - 49je, 1975)
 Green Fallen-Leaves (파란 낙엽 - Palan nag-yeob, 1976)
 I Am Really Sorry. (진짜 진짜 미안해 - Jinjja jinjja mi-anhae, 1976)
 I Like You. (네가 좋아 - Nega joh-a, 1976)
 Immoral Man (배덕자 - Bae Deokja, 1976)
 Tell I ? (말해버릴까 - Malhaebeolilkka, 1976)
 Girl on Fire (불타는 소녀 - Bultaneun sonyeo, 1977)
 The High-level Fighter of High School (고교 유단자 - Gogyo yudanja, 1977)
 Special Investigator Bat (특별수사반 박쥐 - Teugbyeolsusaban bagjwi, 1977)
 Four Iron Men (사대철인 - Sadaecheol-in, 1977)
 The Best Player of High School (고교 고단자 - Gogyo godanja, 1978)
 So Close Yet Far (가깝고도 먼 길 - Gakkabgodo meon gil, 1978)
 Experience (체험 - Cheheom, 1978)
 Other's Room (타인의 방 - Ta-in-ui bang, 1979)
 The Rain at Night (밤이면 내리는 비 - Bam-imyeon naelineun bi, 1979)
 When Love Blossoms (사랑이 깊어질 때 - Salang-i gip-eojil ttae, 1979)
 Woman on Vacation (휴가받은 여자 - Hyugabad-eun yeoja, 1980)
 Painful Maturity (아픈 성숙 - Apeun sengsuk, 1980)
 Helpless Chun-Ja (춘자는 못말려 - Chunjaneun mosmallyeo, 1980)
 Colorful Woman (색깔있는 여자 - Saegkkal-issneun yeoja, 1980)
 The Tree Blooming with Love (사랑이 꽃피는 나무 - Salang-e kkochpineun namu, 1981)
 Is There a Girl Like Her? (이런 여자 없나요 - Ileon yeoja eobsna-yo, 1981)
 A Night's Heaven (밤의 천국 - Bam-ui cheongug, 1982)
 Fiery Wind (불바람 - Bulbaram, 1982)
 The Sunflower That Waits For Night (밤을 기다리는 해바라기 - Bameulgidarineun haebaragi, 1982)
 Theater of Life (인생극장 - Insaenggeukjang, 1983)
 Three Generations of Widows (과부 3대 - Gwabu 3dae, 1983)
 Jealousy (질투 - Jiltu, 1983; won "Best Supporting Actress" at the Asia-Pacific Film Festival
 Like A Flower Petal Or A Leaf (꽃잎이어라 낙엽이어라 - Kkoch-ip-i-eo-ra nakyeob-i-eo-ra, 1983)
 The Miss and the Cadet (아가씨와 사관 - Agassi-wa sagwan, 1984)
 Light of Maehwabang (매화방 천등불 - Maehwabang Cheondeungbul, 1989)
 Discord (불화살 - Bulhwasal, 1989)
 A Turkey (칠색조 - Chilsaekjo, 1989)
 Mayago (마야고, 1990)
 The Firebird's Dance (불새의 춤 - Bulsae-ui chum, 1991)
 A Long Journey into Night (밤으로의 긴 여로 - Bam-eulo-ui gin yeolo, 1991)
 The Swamp Haze Will Not Clear (늪속에 불안개는 잠들지 않는다 - Neupsog-e bul-angaeneun jamdeulji anhneunda, 1992)
 The Wings of Heroes (영웅들의 날개짓 - Yeoung-ungdeul-ui nalgaejis, 1993)
 The Sunflower Waits For The Night (밤을 기다리는 해바라기 - Bam-eul gidalineun haebalagi, 1994)

References

External links

1942 births
1995 deaths
Deaths from liver cancer
People from Jeju Province
South Korean film directors
South Korean male poets
South Korean screenwriters
20th-century South Korean poets
20th-century male writers
20th-century screenwriters


WCAY-CD, UHF digital channel 36, is a low-power, Class A television station licensed to Key West, Florida, United States. The station is owned by Beach TV Properties.

History
W34AD was granted a construction permit for operation on analog channel 34 on March 19, 1985, and filed for a license to cover in December 1986. In 1994, it became WCAY-LP. In 2009, it became a Class A station on channel 36, modifying its call letters to WCAY-CA, and it converted to digital broadcasts in 2011, becoming WCAY-CD.

Prior to its current affiliation, it was part of the Almavision network.

Television channels and stations established in 1985
CAY-CD
CAY
1985 establishments in Florida


Syed Sajid Ali Naqvi () is a Pakistani Shia Islamic scholar from Rawalpindi, Pakistan. He is the founder & leader of Islami Tehreek Pakistan also Patron-in-Chief of Shia Ulema Council. His main objective is to create an Islamic rule in the Pakistan.

Political history

Tehreek-e-Jafaria
He was also the head of one of the largest Shia Islam organizations in Pakistan the Tehreek-e-Jafaria. After a ban by 1995 regime, it continues to work under the name of Tehreek-e-Islami. Again the Tehreek-e-Islami was banned and a new party was formed with the name Shia Ulema Council. Naqvi also headed the religious wing of Tehreek-e-Islami i.e. the Shia Ulema Council. After the murder of Arif Hussain Hussaini in 1988, he was elected as the head of the Tehrik-e-Jafaria by the Supreme Council of Shiite clergy of Pakistan.

Islami Tehreek Pakistan
He is currently the founder and leader of Islami Tehreek Pakistan.

Arrest in a Criminal Case 2004

in 2004 Pervez Musharraf regime arrested the Naqvi in charge of Azam Tariq murder case the leader of Sipah-e-Sahaba, an Islamic extremist Anti-Shia Sunni Deobandi Islamist organization leader who was murdered in 2004 by a member of the Sipah-e-Muhammad a shia militant organization in revenge for the Quetta mosque attack and the massacre of more than 50 shia muslims by Sipah-e-Sahaba in 2003. The Thousands of his supporters warned the government that they would besiege the federal capital if the government did not release Naqvi within the next few weeks. The demonstrators staged a rally in Islamabad on Sunday to protest the detention of Naqvi and the killing of Shiite leaders.

Naqvi was released on bail from the Adiala Jail on Saturday. The Golra Police arrested him on November 16, in connection with the Azam Tariq murder case. After rejection of his bail petition in a special anti-terrorist court, Naqvi's lawyers went to the high court, which ordered his release. Naqvi's sons and the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal leaders received him and he was taken to his home under tight security.

See also
 Islami Tehreek Pakistan

References

Pakistani Shia Muslims
Pakistani politicians
Living people
1940 births


Clarkia dudleyana is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common name Dudley's clarkia. It is endemic to California, where it can be found in the mountains of the Transverse Ranges and the southern Sierra Nevada foothills. It grows in woodland, forest, and chaparral habitats under 1500 meters in elevation. This annual herb produces an erect stem sometimes exceeding half a meter in height. The leaves are lance-shaped, up to 7 centimeters long, and borne on short petioles. The top of the stem is occupied by the inflorescence, which has opening flowers below closed, hanging buds. As the flower blooms the pink to reddish-purple sepals remain fused, opening along one side only. The petals are up to 3 centimeters long, fan-shaped, pinkish lavender in color and sometimes flecked with red. There are 8 stamens, some of which have large lavender anthers and some that have smaller, paler anthers. The stigma protrudes farther than the stamens.

External links
Jepson Manual Profile
Photo gallery

dudleyana
Flora of California
Plants described in 1904
Flora without expected TNC conservation status