Lummis Day is a signature community arts and music event in the neighborhoods of Northeast Los Angeles, showcasing the community's considerable pool of musicians, poets, artists, dancers and restaurants representing a kaleidoscope of ethnicities and cultural traditions.  Since 2014, Occidental College's Institute for the Study of Los Angeles has partnered with the Lummis Day Community Foundation to support cultural programming.

For the community, Lummis Day was a party with a purpose, a cultural showcase for the various ethnicities and cultures that share the Northeast Los Angeles neighborhoods. In 2008, attendance reached 9,000 people – making it into one of the area's biggest annual events.

Charles Fletcher Lummis
Lummis Day is named for Charles Fletcher Lummis—author, adventurer, early advocate of multiculturalism, and founder of the Southwest Museum.

Lummis played a role in the cultural history of Los Angeles of the 1880s-1920s.  He settled into Northeast Los Angeles in 1895 and built a home out Arroyo Seco river rock on the borders of the Highland Park and Montecito Heights communities. Celebrated as a city of Los Angeles and state of California Historical Monument, the Lummis Home which he named El Alisal, is included on the National Register of Historic Places, the List of California Historical Landmarks and is owned and maintained by the Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks. Lummis used his home to host gatherings of artists, journalists, and prominent people of his time.  In 1907 Lummis opened the Southwest Museum of the American Indian in nearby Mount Washington.  It was the first public museum in the city of Los Angeles and operated today by the Autry Museum of the American West.

2015 10th Anniversary Festival June 5,6 and 7

Lummis Day-The Festival of Northeast Los Angeles, marked its 10th anniversary with an expansion to a three-day event at five Northeast L.A. sites on June 5, 6 and 7, featuring music, poetry, dance, art, theater and opera representing a rainbow of cultural traditions. Admission to all events was free.
The 2015 program continued the Festival's multi-cultural tradition, with performances ranging from Italian opera to Mexican mariachi, Celtic to cumbia, country to jazz, middle eastern Ghawazi dancers,” hip-hoppers and folkloric dancers, poets and puppets.
      The three-day festival took place on a variety of sites:
§  Friday, June 5, Mariachi Plaza in Boyle Heights, 4:00pm–8:00pm (in cooperation with the Boyle Heights Farmers Market). Music, dance, poetry and theater.
§  Saturday, June 6, Historic Southwest Museum in Mount Washington, 10:00am–4:00pm  (in partnership with the Arroyo Arts Collective). Art exhibits, a tribute to the late artist, mentor and printmaker Richard Duardo, poetry and music.
§  Saturday, June 6, York Park in Highland Park, 2:00pm–6:00pm.  Opera, dance, jazz and rock music.
§  Sunday, June 7: Lummis Home in Montecito Heights, 10:30 am–5:00pm: Poetry, music, crafts exhibits.
§  Sunday, June 7: Historic Southwest Museum in Mt Washington, 12:noon-5:00pm: Art exhibits, music.
§  Sunday, June 7 Sycamore Grove Park in Sycamore Grove/Highland Park., 12 noon-7:00 pm. Music, dance, puppets, storytelling and other family activities.

Other past events

The festival was organized by activists and neighborhood council representatives in 2006 as a celebration the history and diversity of the Northeast Los Angeles communities (the neighborhoods of Highland Park, Eagle Rock, Cypress Park, Mount Washington, Montecito Heights, Sycamore Grove, Lincoln Heights, and Glassell Park) and was designed to strengthen the ties among community's cultural, commercial and community resources.

Since 2006, the Lummis Day program has grown in size and stature and now includes an educational program for Los Angeles teachers, a series of poetry readings and workshops that are held in public library branches throughout the area, and annual same-day events at three separate locations: a poetry reading and music recital at Lummis Home; a festival of music and dance performances at Sycamore Grove Park; and an annual art exhibition held at the Autry National Center's Casa de Adobe.

Since 2006, the principal Lummis Day event has been held on the first Sunday in June. The first event, on Sunday, June 4, 2006,  featured East L.A. rock band Quinto Sol, musician Severin Browne, Ann Likes Red, Cuban-born musician Juan Carlos Formell, Danza Azteca Cuahtlehuanitl, the Tongva-Gabrielino Native American Dancers, Pilipino folk ensemble Panama Rondalla and poets B. H. Fairchild, William Archila and Suzanne Lummis.

In 2007, Lummis Day performers included Quetzal, Ollin, the Evangenitals, the Greger Walnum Blues Band, the Susie Hansen Latin Band, Likas Pilipinas Folk Arts, Ballet Coco Folklorico, Rene and His Marionettes, poets Lynne Thompson, Charles Harper Webb, Steve Abee and cellist Kevin Buck.

The 2008 Lummis Day event took place on June 1 and was headlined by Highland Park native son Jackson Browne. Other performers included the celebrated comedy ensemble Culture Clash, Latina fusion rocker Cava, the Chapin Sisters, the Mariachi Divas de Cindy Shea, Artichoke, Ann Likes Red with guest star L.A. City Council President Eric Garcetti, poets Steve Kowit, liz gonzalez, Cathie Sandstrom and guitarist Carlos Guitarlos, the “I Tell Stories” troupe of actors and storytellers, the Cypress Park Folkloric dancers, Ballet Coco and the Puppets and Players Little Theatre.

The same year, the Lummis Day organizing committee formed a California corporation, the Lummis Day Community Foundation, Inc. and was granted federal non-profit status as a 501(c)(3) organization.

Media sponsors for Lummis Day include TV stations KMEX and KTTV, public radio station KPFK and the Arroyo Seco Journal. The Annenberg Foundation, the Autry National Center and the Northeast L.A. neighborhood councils (the Arroyo Seco Neighborhood Council, the Historic Highland Park Neighborhood Council, the Eagle Rock neighborhood Council and the Greater Cypress Park Neighborhood Council) and community organizations The Highland Park Historic Trust and the Mount Washington Association help underwrite the event.

2013
The eighth annual Lummis Day Festival was held on June 2, 2013. Los Angeles rock heroes Ollin, folk legend Jim Kweskin with the Crockett Sisters and gospel belters Little Faith led a lineup of music, dance and poetry representing a rainbow of cultural traditions.

The main stages for Lummis Day's performances were located at Heritage Square Museum, where the best of home-grown Northeast L.A. music, dance, food and community resources was presented on four stages amid the historic buildings preserved on the unique museum's grounds. The diverse styles and traditions of the festival's music ( featuring 17 bands) included rock music from Boyle Heights and Japan, Cuban jazz, folk, mariachi, Americana, Gospel, indie rock, reggae and jazz. Dance groups presented modern dance, folkloric, American historic and flamenco traditions.  Some of the historic buildings at Heritage Square Museum were available to festival-goers via docent-led tours.

The Festival's opening morning event took place at Lummis Home beginning at 10:30 AM with readings by critically acclaimed poets, led by Suzanne Lummis and including Luis J. Rodriguez, Erika Ayón and Sung Yi, preceded by a musical interlude performed by jazz guitarist Joe Calderon.  A collaboration between guitarist Calderon and the dramatic readings of Luis J. Rodriguez were particularly well-received, as was the annual guest reading by former State Assemblymember (and current State Senate Candidate) Anthony Portantino.

The Lummis Home site also featured art exhibits, book sales and crafts. The Festival's art exhibit continued at Lummis Home until 5pm while performances—music, dance, puppet theatre—as well as community and family activities shifted to nearby Heritage Square Museum, beginning at noon. Visitors to Lummis Home also toured enjoy the interior of the century-old home, influenced by mission architecture and Pueblo Indian dwellings, and many guests strolled through the beautiful native plant gardens that surround the building.

In addition to Ollin, Kweskin and Little Faith, musical performers at Heritage Square Museum included Tall Men Group (featuring Lummis Day veteran Severin Browne) KoTolan, Many Distant Cities, The Fly By Night Jazz Band featuring Greg Walnum, The Old Round, The Plaza de la Raza Youth Mariachi Ensemble, El Profe, Sueño Eterno, Brian & Nick, The Volcano Police, Pio Pico Middle School Stage Band and Genesee Hall.  Dance ensembles included Louise Reichlin  / Los Angeles Choreographers & Dancers, Ballet Coco, the Lineage Dance Company's Michelle Kolb and Teya Wolvington, Jessica Pacheco of Flamenco Express and the Yesteryears Dancers. MC's included KPFK radio personality Patrick Perez, actress/comedian Lizzy Redner and radio host Bill Murray.

The Puppets & Players Theatre, a Lummis Day family favorite, returned with their unique brand of children's entertainment. Other family activities included making Tongva/Chumash Clapper Sticks and planting at the Home Depot/Color Spot booth. State and city officials (Los Angeles City Councilmember-elect Gil Cedillo, State Senator Kevin DeLeon and State Assemblymember Jimmy Gomez) attended the event.

Lummis Day sponsors included The Arroyo Seco Neighborhood Council, Historic Highland Park Neighborhood Council, The Eagle Rock Neighborhood Council, L.A. 32 Neighborhood Council, The Lincoln Heights Neighborhood Council, The Greater Cypress Park Neighborhood Council, The Glassell Park Neighborhood Council, The Highland Park Heritage Trust, Council District 1, Council District 14, METRO, The Los Angeles Department of Cultural Affairs, Los Angeles County Arts Commission,  PEN Center USA, Poets & Writers Inc. through a grant it has received from the James Irvine Foundation and public radio station KPFK 90.7  KPFK

2009
The fourth annual event, held June 7, 2009,  featured a diverse collection of performers, including Wil-Dog Abers (a member of the famed Los Angeles band Ozomatli) with his group "La Banda Juvenil"; perennial Best Los Angeles Country Band-winners I See Hawks in L.A.; virtuoso blues guitarist legend Carlos Guitarlos and his band; poet and journalist Rubén Martínez; poets Gail Wronsky and Suzanne Lummis; members of Chicano comedy and theater troupe Culture Clash; Native American singer Glen Ahhaitty; and Filipino, Native American, Mexican and Pacific Islander folk artists and visual artists of various stripes and traditions.
The 2009 event was the last to be held at Sycamore Grove Park. In 2010, Lummis Day's main stages moved to nearby Heritage Square Museum (3800 Homer Street). The Festival's morning poetry event remains anchored at Lummis Home, aka El Alisal, 200 East Avenue 43, Los Angeles.

External links
 Lummis Day Community Foundation & Festival - Official Website
 Lummis House & Gardens - Official Website

References

Music festivals in Los Angeles
Arts festivals in the United States


Viggers is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Freddie Viggers (born 1951), former senior British Army officer and current Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod
Peter Viggers (1938–2020), British politician and lawyer

See also
Vickers (surname)


VGP Universal Kingdom is an amusement park located in East Coast Road in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The park offering small rides during the early days of its history became a full-fledged amusement park in 1997. VGP Universal kingdom, spread over 44 acres provides several fun and adventure rides for children, youth and adults, including attractions such as Tamil Nadu's first Snow park, Petting Zoo, Beach Live Shows, Paneer fort, a massive water complex and more. VGP 2000 millennium tower, Water cascades, Paneer fort and statueman are some of the main attractions. The park is owned by VGP Group of Companies founded by V. G. Panneerdas and V.G.Ravidas is its managing director.

VGP Universal Kingdom now has two other entertainment zones nearby it, which have been recently developed.

See also
Tourism in Chennai
East Coast Road

References

Amusement parks in Chennai
Water parks in India
1997 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Amusement parks opened in 1997


The San Francisco and Oakland Railroad (SF&O) was built in 1862 to provide ferry-train service from a San Francisco ferry terminal connecting with railroad service through Oakland to San Antonio. In 1868 Central Pacific Railroad decided that Oakland would be the west coast terminus of the First transcontinental railroad and bought SF&O. Beginning November 8, 1869, part of the SF&O line served as the westernmost portion of the transcontinental railroad. It subsequently was absorbed into the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP). The track in Oakland was electrified in 1911 and extended across the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge in 1939. Service was abandoned in 1941.

History

The San Francisco and Oakland Railroad (and Ferry Co.) was formed in October 1861 under the leadership of Rodman Gibbons and other Oakland residents in order to provide transportation to Oakland by means of a ferry from San Francisco to a small wharf at Oakland Point where passengers could take a train into Oakland. Service began in September 1862 along 7th St. to a station in downtown Oakland at Broadway.

Traffic increased steadily so an extension of the line was planned. In 1864 the track was extended across a bridge over Indian Creek Slough, the outlet to Lake Merritt, then along private right-of-way adjacent to San Antonio Creek (Oakland Estuary) to the Commerce St. Wharf (foot of 14th Ave) in San Antonio.

The cost of the extension and of building a new larger ferry boat caused Gibbons and his associates to lose control of the company SF&O in 1865 to A. A. Cohen, president of the San Francisco and Alameda Railroad (SF&A). After Central Pacific Railroad (CP) decided in April 1868 to make Oakland the western terminus of the transcontinental railroad, its subsidiary purchased the majority of the stock of the struggling SF&O from A. A. Cohen in August 1868 and began to expand the small wharf at Oakland Point. In August 1869 the CP subsidiary also purchased the majority of the stock of SF&A, bankrupt by the 1868 Hayward earthquake.  In 1870 they merged the two local railroads together and then brought them back into the Central Pacific.

Meanwhile, the Western Pacific Railroad (1862-1870) had surveyed a line from San Jose via Niles Canyon and Altamont Pass to Sacramento, but ran out of money in a 1866 dispute, after laying 20 miles of track from San Jose into the middle of Niles Canyon. By 1868, a CP subsidiary had purchased the WP line and then restarted the construction of it, through a contract with Turton, Knox & Ryan, beginning February 1868 from Sacramento working south to connect with the line beginning, later in June 1869, eastward from the point Western Pacific had stopped in Niles Canyon.  Also in June 1869, they added a new line, through a contract with J. H. Strobridge, from Niles northwest towards Oakland. In September 1869 this new line towards Oakland was first connected temporarily to the SF&A at San Leandro.  The first through Western Pacific train from Sacramento arrived on September 6, 1869 at the SF&A Alameda Terminal, and then by SF&A ferry to San Francisco, just in time for the opening of the 1869 State Fair in Sacramento, completing the first transcontinental railroad to the Pacific.

Two months later, the connection to the SF&O was made and the small Oakland Point wharf was expanded. On the morning of November 8, 1869, the first transcontinental train to use the expanded ferry terminal at Oakland Point traversed the SF&O line and the Western Pacific Railroad to get to Sacramento and continue east on the Central Pacific Railroad. The city of Oakland held a large celebration later in the day to greet the first westbound transcontinental train.

Having large amounts of long-distance passenger and freight railroad traffic traverse Oakland on 7th St., one of its main streets, was not a good idea for either the city or the railroad. During 1869 and 1870, a bypass track was constructed starting in San Antonio and using a new bridge across Indian Creek Slough that led to 1st St. and along this street to Oakland Point. Initially the bypass was used for freight trains only, but in later years, long-distance passenger trains used it also and a new station for them was built at 1st St. and Broadway (Jack London Square).

After 1879, the transcontinental trains no longer used the Altamont Pass Niles Canyon route, taking a shorter route from Sacramento via Benicia to reach Oakland Pier instead, but trains to Los Angeles continued to use the former SF&O and Western Pacific routes to reach San Jose.

On 7th St. there was still a large amount of traffic of local steam passenger trains as the service was extended farther into East Oakland. The Central Pacific Railroad was leased to the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1885. In 1911 the SP started electrifying its local train service in the East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area). The Oakland 7th St. line was extended to Dutton Ave. in San Leandro and carried the most passengers of any line in the system. In 1939, under the subsidiary company, Interurban Electric Railway (IER) the line was rerouted over the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge into the San Francisco Transbay Terminal. IER service on the 7th St. line was abandoned in March, 1941, but the track on 7th St. from Broadway to Pine St. was put back in service (1943–1946) during World War II to enable streetcars of the Key System to reach several military installations.

Ferryboats

The first ferryboat used by the SF&O, the leased Contra Costa, had previously been in service from San Francisco to the foot of Broadway.  The lease ended in 1864 and the SF&O purchased the ferryboat Louise to replace it. With the extended railroad line, traffic increased considerably and the Louise was soon inadequate for regular service.  The larger river packet Washoe, having been damaged in an explosion, was purchased, extensively rebuilt as a ferryboat, and placed in service. In 1868, the Central Pacific Railroad controlled the SF&O and anticipated much increased traffic when the transcontinental railroad was completed to Oakland. They ordered a new even larger ferryboat, the El Capitan, from a new shipyard at Oakland Point, and placed it in service.

Locomotives

The SF&O originally purchased a small, unnamed, 2-2-0 type locomotive and a larger 4-4-4 type tank locomotive named the Liberty. In 1863, needing another locomotive, the SF&O purchased a 2-2-4 type combination locomotive and express car from a line in San Francisco. It was unnamed, but was unofficially called Old Betsy. By 1869, a more powerful locomotive was needed to pull longer trains, so a new 4-4-0 type locomotive was ordered and named the Oakland. With the SF&O merged into the Central Pacific Railroad in 1870, the former SF&O locomotives were sent to various other locations on the CP system and CP locomotives were brought in to pull the local trains on 7th St.

References

See also
 Oakland Long Wharf
 Oakland Point
 San Francisco and Alameda Railroad
 San Francisco and San Jose Railroad

Notes

Defunct California railroads
Passenger rail transportation in California
Predecessors of the Southern Pacific Transportation Company
Public transportation in Alameda County, California
Rail transportation in Oakland, California
History of Oakland, California
First transcontinental railroad


"Pegaito a la Pared" is the first single by Puerto Rican reggaeton performer Tego Calderón from his upcoming fifth album El Que Sabe, Sabe. It was released on iTunes on November 1, 2008 through Jiggiri Records. The single is produced by Nely "El Arma Secreta". An official remix with Plan B was released on February 3, 2009. The remix is also available on iTunes. "No Se Ve" was the first version to reach the charts, debuting at # 20, and peaking at # 18. During Summer 2009, the original version of Pegaito a la Pared reached the Latin Rhythm Airplay charts debuting at # 23. An instrumental version of the song was released on iTunes.

Background
"Pegaito a la Pared" and its remix are the first singles for Tego's upcoming album El Que Sabe, Sabe. The lyrical theme of the song is like old school reggaeton music, although the song has new music quality. Having old school lyrics, Tego featured Plan B for the songs remix, a Puerto Rican duo that makes old school reggaeton up to this day. Tego Calderón said that he doesn't like how the genre of reggaeton is changing too much to pop, so he decided to go away from reggaeton a little, and bring more of a dancehall, reggae and different kind of urban sounds than reggaeton, and still make his album a bomb. That's one of the reasons that Tego Calderón sings more and raps less in this song.

Remix and other official versions
 The original version includes Tego Calderón only.
 The official remix has Plan B added with the original beat.
 A reggaeton beat (Dembow) was added to a Reggaeton Mix to the original version which appears on the remixes single on iTunes.
 There is another version of the remix which also features Plan B only with a different beat which was produced by Nely "El Arma Secreta" titled "No Se Ve".
 "No Se Ve" has a remix featuring Poeta Callejero.
 DJ Giann released an instrumental single of "Pegaito a la Pared" on iTunes.

Track listings and formats
Digital download single
 "Pegaito a la Pared" - 3:53

Pegaito a la Pared "The Remixes" Digital download ep
 "Pegaito a la Pared (Reggaeton Mix)" - 3:56
 "Pegaito a la Pared (remix) (feat. Plan B)" - 4:42
 "Pegaito a la Pared (remix) (feat. Plan B, Franco "El Gorila", Adrian Banton, Jowell & Ñejo)- 5:37

Tego Pegaito a la Pared Instrumental Digital download single
 "Tego Pegaito a la Pared Instrumental" - 3:59

Charts
"No Se Ve" was the first version of "Pegaito a la Pared" to appear on the charts, and appeared on the Latin Rhythm Airplay chart. Since then, it has jumped around going higher and lower. It debuted at number 23 and peaked at number 18.

The second version to reach the chart was the original version of "Pegaito a la Pared". It recently reached the charts, and debuted at # 23. It's currently peaking at #22.

Chart performance

No Se Ve

Pegaito a la Pared

External links
 Tego Calderon's official website

2008 singles
Tego Calderón songs
2008 songs
Songs written by Tego Calderón


Lady Grooms (born September 12, 1970) is an American former professional basketball player, who was one of the 16 original WNBA players allocated to the teams in the new league's Initial Player Allocation draft (as Lady Hardmon).  After a college career at the University of Georgia, she played 8 WNBA seasons and had career averages of 4.6 points and 2.1 rebounds per game, scoring over 1,000 career points and 500 career rebounds.

Georgia statistics
Source

WNBA career
Grooms was selected in the initial player allocation of the 1997 WNBA draft by the Utah Starzz on January 22, 1997. Her debut game was played on June 21, 1997, in a 61–73 loss to the Sacramento Monarchs where she recorded 6 points, 6 assists and 4 rebounds. Grooms would only play for the Starzz for one season, playing in 28 games and averaging 5.5 points, 3.0 rebounds and 2.4 assists.

On May 5, 1998, was Grooms was traded to the Monarchs for Chantel Tremitiere and she would play for the Monarchs for the remainder of her career. For the Monarchs, Grooms played 217 games and averaged 4.6 points, 2.1 rebounds and 1.2 assists.

Her final WNBA game ever was Game 1 of the 2004 Western Conference First Round on September 24, 2004, in a 72–52 win over the Los Angeles Sparks. Grooms played for 3 minutes and recorded no stats in that game. She would also not play for the remainder of the playoffs, and the Monarchs would get eliminated in the Western Conference Finals 2 - 1 by the Seattle Storm.

Grooms currently is the director of basketball operations and the head girls basketball coach at Landmark Christian School in Fairburn, Georgia. Grooms was formerly the head coach of the girls basketball team at Greater Atlanta Christian in Norcross, Ga. Grooms previously coached the varsity girls basketball team at Arlington Christian School in Fairburn, Georgia.  In her first two seasons coaching the team, it won the state title each year in the GISA.  Grooms has won awards as state and regional coach of the year.

References

1970 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Hungary
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American women's basketball players
Georgia Lady Bulldogs basketball players
High school basketball coaches in the United States
Utah Starzz players
Sacramento Monarchs players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Fulton County, Georgia
Place of birth missing (living people)
People from Fairburn, Georgia
American women's basketball coaches


Times Square is a street and former town square in downtown Detroit, Michigan. The street itself formed the western boundary of the square, which was also bounded by East Park Place to the east and State Street to the south.  The square and the street both took their names from the Detroit Times newspaper, whose building stood directly west of the square.  Since that building's demolition, the remaining prominent buildings that face the former square are those that make up the AT&T Michigan Headquarters, along with the Times Square Detroit People Mover station, which houses the Detroit People Mover Operations and Maintenance Facilities.

The square was removed to make way for the Rosa Parks Transit Center, which opened in the summer of 2009, and replaced Capitol Park as the Detroit Department of Transportation's main downtown hub.

References

Streets in Michigan


Kimba Maureen Wood (born January 21, 1944) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

Wood received her undergraduate education at Connecticut College before gaining an MSc at the London School of Economics; in 1969, she earned a J.D. from Harvard Law School. She was appointed by President Ronald Reagan to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, where she achieved senior status in 2009. In 1993, President Bill Clinton unsuccessfully nominated Wood to be United States Attorney General.

Wood has presided over many high-profile cases involving such figures as "Junk Bond King" Michael Milken, Republican majority leader of the New York State Senate Dean Skelos, and Donald Trump's personal attorney, Michael Cohen.

Early life and education
Wood was born in Port Townsend, Washington. Wood was named for the small town of Kimba, South Australia, which her mother saw in an atlas. Her father was a career officer and speechwriter in the United States Army. Wood lived in Europe during her youth, where her father was stationed in several places, and she received early education at the Sorbonne.

In 1965, Wood graduated from Connecticut College with a bachelor's degree in government, cum laude. In 1966, she received a Master of Science in political theory from the London School of Economics. While in London, she spent five days training as a Playboy bunny, but quit before beginning to work at a club. She then earned a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1969, where there were fewer than twenty women in her class.

Career
From 1969 to 1970, Wood was in private practice in Washington, D.C., working at Steptoe & Johnson where she was the only female attorney. From 1970 to 1971, she worked at the Office of Economic Opportunity. After relocating to New York City in 1971, Wood returned to private practice from 1971 to 1988, working as an antitrust law expert at the firm of LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby & MacRae. She became one of the first women to break into the male-dominated world of antitrust law, and became partner at LeBoeuf in 1978.

Federal judicial service
On December 18, 1987, based upon a recommendation from Senator Al D'Amato, Wood was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York vacated by Judge Constance Baker Motley. Wood was confirmed by a unanimous United States Senate on April 19, 1988, and received her commission on April 20, 1988. She entered on duty on July 28, 1988. Wood was a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 2006 to 2007. She served as Chief Judge from 2006 to 2009 and assumed senior status on June 1, 2009.

Proposed nomination as Attorney General
In the Nannygate matter of 1993, Wood was Bill Clinton's second unsuccessful choice for United States Attorney General. Like Clinton's previous nominee, Zoë Baird, Wood had hired an illegal alien as a nanny, but unlike Baird, she had paid the required taxes on the employee. Wood employed the illegal immigrant at a time when it was legal to do so, before the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 made the hiring of illegal immigrants unlawful. The threat of a repetition of the same controversy nevertheless led to the hasty withdrawal of Wood from consideration. Janet Reno was later nominated and confirmed for the post. White House officials said they were angry at Wood because she had not told Clinton and other officials about the nanny, even when she had been directly asked. In her statement, however, Wood said she had not misled the White House.

Notable cases
One of Wood's notable decisions was sentencing Michael Milken, known as "The Junk Bond King", in 1990 to ten years in prison. In 1991, Milken's sentence was reduced to two years' imprisonment and three years' probation at the request of prosecutors, to reward his cooperation in other investigations.

In 1998, Wood presided over the case of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem v. Christie's, Inc., in which the ownership of the Archimedes Palimpsest was disputed. Wood also later presided over Leonard v. Pepsico, Inc., 88 F. Supp 2d 116 (S.D.N.Y. 1996), more widely known as the Pepsi Points Case.

On July 8, 2010, Wood was the presiding judge over the US case against ten alleged Russian 'illegals' involved in the Illegals Program. She accepted the defendants' guilty pleas and sentenced all ten to time served. The ten were then deported and exchanged for four prisoners previously held in Russia.

On October 26, 2010, Wood issued an injunction in Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC, forcing LimeWire to disable "the searching, downloading, uploading, file trading and/or file distribution functionality, and/or all functionality" of its software. A trial investigating the damages necessary to compensate the affected record labels was held in 2011 and ended in a negotiated settlement.

On November 19, 2010, Wood received attention in connection with a letter to the court from Bennet M. Epstein, an attorney, who asked for time off from a trial to attend his then-unborn grandson's bris, if the baby proved to be a boy. In response, Wood wrote that Epstein would be permitted to attend the bris, but that "if a daughter is born, there will be a public celebration in court, with readings from poetry celebrating girls and women."

In 2016, Wood presided over the case against Dean Skelos,  Republican majority leader of the New York State Senate, who was accused of federal corruption charges.

In April 2018, Wood was assigned to preside over motions arising out of the search pursuant to warrant of the home and office of Michael Cohen, a personal attorney for Donald Trump.

Personal life
In 1970, Wood married Robert Lovejoy, a partner at Davis Polk & Wardwell. She went by the name Kimba Wood Lovejoy from 1970 to 1982, until the time of their divorce. In 1982, Wood married Time magazine political columnist Michael Kramer. They had a son, Ben, in 1986. The marriage ended in divorce. After separating from Kramer, Wood and former Harvard Law School classmate Frank E. Richardson II began dating, and they married in 1999. Wood was also known for an alleged affair resulting in the breakdown of Frank Richardson's marriage, earning her the nickname of "The Love Judge".

Leadership roles
 2000–2001: Amherst College Board of Trustees
 Harvard Law School Association of New York City, President (one-year term)

Works and publications

References

External links

 Hon. Kimba M. Wood, United States District Judge at United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
 Kimba M. Wood at C-SPAN
 [https://www.netflix.com/es/title/81446626?s=a&trkid=13747225&trg=wha&vlang=es&clip=81631445 Netflix serie about 'the Pepsi case'. The judge was Kimba Wood

1944 births
20th-century American judges
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Connecticut College alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Judges of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
Living people
People from Port Townsend, Washington
Rejected or withdrawn nominees to the United States Executive Cabinet
United States district court judges appointed by Ronald Reagan
21st-century American judges
20th-century American women judges
21st-century American women judges


Li Fengji (; 758 – February 27, 835), courtesy name Xuzhou (虛舟), formally Duke Cheng of Zheng (鄭成公) or Duke Cheng of Liang (涼成公), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Xianzong, Emperor Xianzong's son Emperor Muzong, and grandson Emperor Jingzong. He was portrayed by traditional accounts as full of machinations against his political opponents.

Background
Li Fengji was born in 758, during the reign of Emperor Suzong. His family was part of the Li clan of Longxi — which was descended from Li Gao the founder of the Western Liang state during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, as the Tang Dynasty imperial clan was but considered distant enough from the imperial lineage that he was not considered part of the imperial clan.  After Li Gao, Li Fengji's family traced its ancestry to a line of officials of Jin Dynasty (266–420), Northern Wei, Northern Qi, Sui Dynasty, and Tang, although Li Fengji's grandfather Li Yan (李顏) and father Li Guiqi (李歸期) were both listed without offices.

As Li Yan was chronically ill and Li Fengji tended to him, Li Fengji studied the medical books of the time and became knowledgeable in medicine. After Li Fengji passed the imperial examinations, the general Fan Xichao (范希朝) invited him to serve as a scribe on his staff when Fan served as the military governor (Jiedushi) of Zhenwu Circuit (振武, headquartered in modern Hohhot, Inner Mongolia). Fan subsequently recommended Li Fengji to then-reigning Emperor Dezong (Emperor Suzong's grandson), and Li Fengji was made a Zuo Shiyi (左拾遺), a low-level consultant at the examination bureau of government (門下省, Menxia Sheng).  He was later promoted to Zuo Bujue (左補闕), also consultant at the examination bureau, and then made an imperial censor with the title Shiyushi (侍御史).  He later served as the deputy emissary on a mission to Tufan.

During Emperor Xianzong's reign
In 808, by which time Emperor Dezong's grandson Emperor Xianzong was emperor, Li Fengji served as the deputy to Duan Pingzhong (段平仲) on a diplomatic mission to Nanzhao.  After Li Fengji returned from the mission in 809, he was made Cibu Langzhong (祠部郎中), a supervisorial official at the ministry of rites (禮部, Libu), and later Yousi Langzhong (右司郎中), a supervisorial official under the secretaries general of the executive bureau (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng).  In 811, he was made an imperial attendant (給事中, Jishizhong).  In 812, he was made an attendant scholar to the studies of the crown prince Li Heng and other imperial princes, along with Li Ju (李巨).  In 814, he was made Zhongshu Sheren (中書舍人), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau (中書省, Zhongshu Sheng).  In 816, he was put in charge of the imperial examinations for that year.  Later that year, he was made Menxia Shilang (門下侍郎), the deputy head of the examination bureau, and de facto chancellor with the title Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事); he was also given the honorary title of Chaoyi Daifu (朝議大夫).  According to the Old Book of Tang, Li Fengji was treacherous and used his machination to harm others.

In 817, by which time Emperor Xianzong was waging two simultaneous campaigns against warlords — Wang Chengzong, who controlled Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei), and Wu Yuanji, who controlled Zhangyi Circuit (彰義, headquartered in modern Zhumadian, Henan) — Li Fengji advocated ending the campaign against Chengde and concentrating on the campaign against Zhangyi. Emperor Xianzong agreed, and ordered the troops then attacking Chengde to withdraw back to their own circuits. Later in the year, Li Fengji further advocated ending the campaign against Zhangyi as well, but Emperor Xianzong accepted the advice of Li Fengji's fellow chancellor Pei Du and further, as Pei volunteered, sent Pei to the front to oversee the campaign. Pei was concerned that Li Fengji and the imperial scholar Linghu Chu would work together to interfere the campaign, and therefore accused Linghu of using inappropriate language on the edict for Pei's commission and had Linghu demoted.  Later in the year, both because of Li Fengji's disagreements with Pei, whom Emperor Xianzong trusted, and because Emperor Xianzong wanted to commission an associate of his while he was still an imperial prince, Zhang Su (張宿), as a high-level consultant and Li Fengji strenuously objected, Emperor Xianzong sent Li Fengji out of the capital Chang'an, making him the military governor of Dongchuan Circuit (東川, headquartered in modern Mianyang, Sichuan.

During Emperor Muzong's reign
After Emperor Xianzong died in 820 and was succeeded by Li Heng (as Emperor Muzong), Li Fengji was moved to be the military governor of Shannan East Circuit (山南東道, headquartered in modern Xiangfan, Hubei) as well as the prefect of its capital Xiang Prefecture (襄州).  As he had previously attended to Emperor Muzong's studies, he sent messengers to plead with Emperor Muzong's close associates, requesting to be recalled.  In 822, he was recalled serving as minister of defense (兵部尚書, Bingbu Shangshu). At that time, Pei and Yuan Zhen were serving as chancellors, despite Pei's having previously severely criticized Yuan. It was said that Li Fengji believed that Pei and Yuan would turn against each other, and therefore had it reported that Yuan had conspired with the official Yu Fang (于方) to assassinate Pei. After Yu was arrested and interrogated, no positive evidence of such a conspiracy was found, but both Pei and Yuan were removed from their chancellor positions, and Li Fengji was again made Menxia Shilang and chancellor.

Later in the year, when mutineer soldiers at Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan) expelled the military governor Li Yuan (李愿) and supported the officer Li Jie (李㝏), Li Fengji advocated sending a replacement for Li Yuan and, if Li Jie did not accept the replacement, then attacking Xuanwu, pointing out that while the imperial government had been forced to allow certain circuits north of the Yellow River to decide on their own military governors, allowing Xuanwu to do so would cause the gradual erosion of the imperial control over the Yangtze River-Huai River region, while Du Yuanying and Zhang Pingshu (張平叔) advocated commissioning Li Jie to avoid a war.  Emperor Muzong initially could not decide, but soon thereafter, when the prefects of three of Xuanwu's prefectures, Song (宋州, in modern Shangqiu, Henan), Bo (亳州, in modern Bozhou, Anhui), and Ying (潁州, in modern Fuyang, Anhui), requested that a new military governor be sent, Emperor Muzong came to believe that Li Fengji was correct. Li Fengji thus suggested summoning Li Jie to serve as an imperial guard general, while transferring Han Chong (韓充) the military governor of Yicheng Circuit (義成, headquartered in modern Anyang, Henan), whose brother Han Hong had served as Xuanwu's military governor for a long period, to Xuanwu. Li Jie resisted the orders but was soon killed by his own subordinate Li Zhi (李質), who surrendered the circuit to Han Chong.

Late in the year, after Emperor Muzong suffered a stroke after being shocked by the fall of an eunuch at a polo game, it was at Li Fengji's and Pei's request that Emperor Muzong created his oldest son Li Zhan the Prince of Jing as crown prince.

In 823, after Emperor Muzong made Niu Sengru a chancellor, over Li Deyu, who also wanted to be chancellor, Li Deyu believed that it was at Li Fengji's recommendation that Niu was made chancellor over him, and therefore resented both Niu and Li Fengji. (The Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang, the author of the Zizhi Tongjian, believed that it was because of this resentment that Li Deyu later had his associate Li Yirang (李夷讓), write defamatory remarks about Li Fengji and Li Fengji's associates in the imperial chronicles, which were then adopted into the Old Book of Tang.)

It was said because Li Fengji disliked Pei, Li Fengji's associates, including Zhang Youxin (張又新), frequently attacked Pei, such that also in 823, Pei was sent out of the capital to serve as the military governor of Shannan West Circuit (山南西道). Customarily, when former chancellors were sent out to a circuit to serve as a military governor, he would be given an honorary chancellor title to carry, but because of Li Fengji's dislike of Pei, Pei was not given such a title.

Meanwhile, it was said that Li Fengji closely associated with the powerful chancellor Wang Shoucheng (王守澄). The imperial scholar Li Shen (李紳), whom Emperor Muzong trusted as an advisor, often opposed Li Fengji's and Wang's proposals. Li Fengji thus decided to try to remove Li Shen.  At that time, it happened that there was no deputy chief imperial censor, so Li Fengji recommended Li Shen for the post. Per regulations at the time, when the mayor of Jingzhao Municipality (京兆, i.e., the Chang'an region) were commissioned, he were to report to the office of the imperial censors to pay homage.  At that time, however, Han Yu was both mayor and chief imperial censor.  Li Fengji issued an order exempting Han from the homage visit as he was also chief imperial censor, believing that soon Li Shen and Han would engage in a dispute over this matter, and indeed, the two of them did.  Li Fengji thus reported to Emperor Muzong that the two were unable to work together.  As a result, Emperor Muzong was initially set to send Li Shen out of the capital to serve as governor of Jiangxi Circuit (江西, headquartered in modern Nanchang, Jiangxi), until he had the chance to personally hear from Li Shen and Han to realize the reasons for their dispute, and therefore kept Li Shen at the capital to serve as deputy minister of census.

During Emperor Jingzong's reign
In spring 824, Emperor Muzong died and was succeeded by Li Zhan (as Emperor Jingzong). Before Emperor Jingzong formally took the throne, Li Fengji served as regent for three days. After Emperor Jingzong took the throne, he had his associates accuse Li Shen and Du Yuanying of having supported Emperor Muzong's brother Li Cong (李悰) the Prince of Shen as Emperor Muzong's successor.  Emperor Jingzong, believing Li Fengji's associates, exiled Li Shen to be the military advisor to the prefect of Duan Prefecture (端州, in modern Zhaoqing, Guangdong), and further agreed to eventually put Li Shen to death.  Only after the imperial scholar Wei Chuhou submitted a petition defending Li Shen and Emperor Jingzong himself discovered a prior petition by Li Shen supporting him as crown prince did Emperor Jingzong stop further actions against Li Shen.  It was said that by this point, Li Fengji's close associates included Zhang Youxin, Li Zhongyan, Li Xuzhi (李續之), Li Yu (李虞), Liu Qichu (劉栖楚), Jiang Qia (姜洽), Zhang Quanyu (張權輿), and Cheng Xifan (程昔範).  Many people who wanted greater offices flattered these associates of Li Fengji's, and the people who resented Li Fengji at the time referred to these eight associates as the "eight passes" (八關, Ba Guan) (i.e., without going through them, one could not meet Li Fengji).  It was at this time that Li Fengji was created the Duke of Liang.  In summer 824, per Li Fengji's recommendations, Li Cheng was also made chancellor, along with Dou Yizhi.

In 825, during an incident where the county magistrate Cui Fa (崔發), after eunuchs had attacked commoners, arrested the eunuchs involved, Emperor Jingzong had Cui arrested and battered.  Despite a subsequent general pardon that pardoned all prisoners, Cui remained held after the pardon.  Only after Li Fengji interceded on Cui's behalf, pointing out that Cui's mother was nearly 80 years old and had gotten ill over Cui's imprisonment, was Cui released.

Li Fengji continued to resent Li Shen, and after Emperor Jingzong issued another general pardon in summer 825, initially, the edict that Li Fengji drafted allows exiled officials who had previously moved toward the capital be allowed to be moved again — but intentionally failed to mention officials who had not previously been moved, to prevent Li Shen from being moved.  When Wei pointed this out, Emperor Jingzong revised the edict to allow such movements, and Li Shen thus was moved closer to the capital to serve as the secretary general of Jiang Prefecture (江州, in modern Jiujiang, Jiangxi).

By fall 825, Li Fengji and Li Cheng had grown to dislike each other.  Meanwhile, Li Cheng's relative Li Rengshu (李仍叔) had informed the official Wu Zhao (武昭), who had been stuck in an undesirable position — serving as the secretary general of Emperor Jingzong's granduncle Li Shen (李紳 — not the same person as the official that Li Fengji resented) the Prince of Yuan — that Li Cheng had wanted to give him a better position, but Li Fengji blocked the move.  Wu thus resented Li Fengji, and one day, after he got drunk, he told his friend Mao Hui (茅彙) that he wished to kill Li Fengji.  This remark was overheard and reported.  Li Fengji's associate Li Zhongyan tried to induce Mao into implicating Li Cheng.  Mao refused.  In the subsequent investigation, Li Zhongyan's attempt to induce Mao to bear false testimony was revealed.  As a result of the investigations, Wu was executed by caning, Li Rengshu was demoted, and Mao and Li Zhongyan were both exiled.

Meanwhile, around the same time, Liu Wu the military governor of Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern Changzhi, Shanxi), had died, and his will recommended his son Liu Congjian to succeed him. Despite the senior official Li Jiang's advice that Liu Wu's request be rejected, Li Fengji and Wang Shoucheng decided that Liu Wu's request should be granted. As a result, Emperor Jingzong commissioned Liu Congjian as the acting military governor and eventually the military governor of Zhaoyi.

Meanwhile, in spring 826, Emperor Jingzong recalled Pei Du to the capital to be chancellor again, despite Li Fengji's associates' various attempts to attack Pei, including intimations that Pei had been prophesied to be emperor and had treasonous ambitions. In winter 826, Li Fengji was sent out of the capital to again serve as the military governor of Shannan East Circuit, carrying an honorary chancellor title. He invited Li Xu to be his deputy and Zhang Youxin to be his military commander. However, it was soon discovered that Li Fengji had previously hidden a fugitive, Tian Pi (田伾). As a result, Li Fengji was punished by being stripped of three months' salary, while both Li Xu and Zhang were demoted.

During Emperor Wenzong's reign
In 828, by which time Emperor Jingzong's brother Emperor Wenzong was emperor, Li Fengji was made the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit and prefect of its capital Bian Prefecture (汴州). In 831, he was made the defender of the eastern capital Luoyang and given honorary titles as senior advisor to the Crown Prince and Kaifu Yitong Sansi (開府儀同三司). In 834, by which time Li Zhongyan (whose name had been changed to Li Xun by that point) was in power, Li Fengji was recalled to Chang'an to serve as Zuo Pushe (左僕射), one of the heads of the executive bureau, as well as acting Situ (司徒, one of the Three Excellencies). However, as he was old and ill at the time, he was never able to meet the emperor, and he retired as Situ. He died in 835 and was given posthumous honors.

Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 167.
 New Book of Tang, vol. 174.
 Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 239, 240, 242, 243, 245

758 births
835 deaths
9th-century regents
Chancellors under Emperor Xianzong of Tang
Chancellors under Emperor Muzong of Tang
Chancellors under Emperor Jingzong of Tang
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Dongchuan Circuit
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Shannan East Circuit
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Xuanwu Circuit
Tang dynasty poets
Tang dynasty diplomats
Regents of China
8th-century Chinese poets
9th-century Chinese poets


USCGC Kangaroo, later USCGC AB-6, was United States Coast Guard patrol boat in commission from 1919 to 1932.

Construction and United States Navy service

Kangaroo was built as the private motorboat Herreshoff Hull # 316 in May 1917 by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company at Bristol, Rhode Island, one of nine identical motor boats built in anticipation of eventual acquisition by the United States Navy from their private owners. The U.S. Navy purchased her for World War I service later that year, and she was in commission as USS Kangaroo (SP-1284) from 1917 to 1919.

United States Coast Guard service

USS Kangaroo had been out of commission for six months when the U.S. Navy transferred her to the United States Department of the Treasury at Key West, Florida, on 22 November 1919, for use by the U.S. Coast Guard. The Coast Guard commissioned her as USCGC Kangaroo.

The Coast Guard used Kangaroo for customs and coastal surveillance patrols. She served at Key West until assigned to Charleston, South Carolina, on 1 January 1923. She was renamed USCGC AB-6 on 6 November 1923, and later served at Norfolk, Virginia.

AB-6 was sold at Norfolk on 1 October 1932 to John H. Curtis for $200 (USD).

Notes

References
United States Coast Guard Historian's Office: Kangaroo, 1919 (AB-6)

Department of the Navy: Naval Historical Center: Online Library of Selected Images: U.S. Navy Ships: USS Kangaroo (SP-1284), 1917-1919. Originally civilian motor boat Herreshoff Hull # 316 and Kangaroo (1917)
NavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive Kangaroo (SP 1284)

Ships of the United States Coast Guard
Ships built in Bristol, Rhode Island
1917 ships


Michael Tauiliili (; born October 29, 1986) is an American football linebacker. He played college football for the Duke Blue Devils at Duke University, where he led the Atlantic Coast Conference in total tackles during his senior year. He was not selected in the 2009 NFL Draft, but was subsequently signed as a free agent by the Indianapolis Colts.

Early life
Tauiliili was born Michael Brown in Houston, Texas and raised by parents Daryl McMullen and Iva Brown. His father played basketball at Tennessee State University. While at Duke University, Michael Brown changed his name to Tauiliili, with the explanation that it was the name of his maternal great-great-great-grandfather, a Samoan high chief.

He attended Alief Taylor High School, where he was a letter winner and team captain for three years. As a sophomore, he recorded 102 tackles and was named a second-team all-district player. As a junior, he recorded 111 total tackles, 14 for loss, and three sacks, and was named first-team all-district. As a senior, he recorded 121 total tackles, 15 for loss, four sacks, and one interception, and was again named a first-team all-district player. In his final two seasons, the team made state playoff appearances.

College career
He attended Duke University where he majored in political science. As a true freshman in 2005, Tauiliili saw action in all 11 games, including 10 starts. He was the leading rookie linebacker in the nation with 92 tackles, including 10 tackles for loss, and three forced fumbles. He was the seventh overall tackler in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). He was named the ACC Defensive Freshman of the Year, a first-team Freshman All-American, Sporting News first-team Freshman All-ACC, and Scout.com first-team Freshman All-American.

In 2006, he started all 12 games, and again led Duke in tackles, with 94 total, 10.0 for loss, and also recorded four quarterback hurries. That season, he became the second Blue Devil in school history to lead the team in tackles in both his freshman and sophomore years.

During the 2007 season, he started 11 of 12 games, sitting out the season-opener against Connecticut due to a suspension. Tauiliili recorded 108 total tackles, including 13.0 for loss, three interceptions, four sacks, two broken up passes, two quarterback hurries, one forced fumble, and one fumble recovery. He finished third in the conference in tackles per game.

In 2008, Tauliili started all 12 games, during which he recorded 140 total tackles, including 63 solo and 13.0 for loss, four interceptions, five broken up passes, five quarterback hurries, three forced fumbles, and one recovered fumble. He led the conference in total tackles and was named a first-team All-ACC player. In the win, 31–3, against Virginia, he recovered a fumble, forced a fumble, and intercepted a pass. For his performance in that game, the Walter Camp Foundation named him the National Defensive Player of the Week. Sports Illustrated named him a second-team Midseason All-American. After the season, the Walter Camp Foundation named him a second-team All-American. Tauiliili participated in the East-West Shrine Game as captain of the East squad. He recorded a game-high of 18 tackles and was named the Defensive Most Valuable Player.

Professional career

Indianapolis Colts
The NFL Draft Scout ranked Tauiliili as the 17th out of 149 inside linebacker prospects for the 2009 NFL Draft. During the 2008 season, Sports Illustrated compared him to former first-round draft pick Jonathan Vilma in terms of stature and playing style. Tauiliili was not selected in the draft, but was signed as a free agent to a two-year contract by the Indianapolis Colts.

References

External links
Tauiliili up to challenge, News & Observer, October 25, 2008.
Boyette, Tauiliili lead Blue Devils, News & Record, p. C11, March 30, 2008.
Duke's Tauiliili reinstated after arrest, USA Today, August 16, 2007.
Just Sports Stats

Living people
1986 births
American football linebackers
Duke Blue Devils football players
Players of American football from Texas
Players of American football from Houston
Sacramento Mountain Lions players


Mass function may refer to:

Binary mass function, a function that gives the minimum mass of a star or planet in a spectroscopic binary system
Halo mass function, a function that describes the mass distribution of dark matter halos
Initial mass function, a function that describes the distribution of star masses when they initially form, before evolution
Probability mass function, a function that gives the probability that a discrete random variable is exactly equal to some value


Harry Lewiston (April 2, 1900 – June 1, 1965; legal name Israel Harry Jaffe) was an American showman, freak show director, and barker. He wrote his memoirs under his stage name, published posthumously in 1968 as Freak Show Man: the Autobiography of Harry Lewiston, as told to Jerry Holtman.

Early life and name change
Harry Lewiston was born Israel Harry Jaffe in Lithuania on April 2, 1900, and emigrated to the United States with his family in 1906. The eldest of four siblings, he was raised in Worcester, Massachusetts in a strict Orthodox Jewish household. In 1914, he ran away from home and joined the combined Sells Floto Circus / Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. He claimed that he was seventeen years old in order to be allowed to stay with the circus, and was renamed "Lewiston," reportedly assigned based on the first major city he worked in, Lewiston, Maine. While the circus toured the United States, Lewiston worked as a pony groomer and led the animals in the parade, wearing what he called an "Arab costume" as part of that year's "East Meets West" theme.

World War I
After World War I broke out, Lewiston left the circus to enlist. After briefly being attached for training with the Canadian Army (serial number S-4147), he proceeded to the United Kingdom and was posted to the 40th Battalion of Britain's Royal Fusiliers in the Jewish Legion in 1918, serving as a camp cook (regimental number J5873). In his autobiography, he mentions serving with David Ben-Gurion, who was in the 38th; those units were stationed together in Palestine and other sites. Throughout the war, he was stationed in Taranto, Italy; Port Said, Egypt; Kantara, Egypt; Lod, Palestine; and Damascus, Syria. He noted that while in Damascus he was promoted to lance corporal; his actual service records show him being discharged at the rank of private. After the war ended, he traveled to South Africa to see relatives, as well as Rhodesia, India, and Burma, and eventually shipped back to England. In December 1919, he was officially discharged from military service, sailed from Liverpool to New York City aboard the S.S. Cedric, and from there returned to Massachusetts.

Return to the United States
Lewiston stayed with his family in Worcester for a short period of time, working as a shophand in a machine shop. Subsequently, he worked various jobs in New York City, then rode the rails to a few towns. In his autobiography, he mentions being arrested for vagrancy in eastern Georgia and working on a chain gang for six days. He then went to Cleveland and briefly worked in a restaurant.

Return to circus life
In 1920, Lewiston went to Peru, Indiana, the winter quarters of five railroad circuses. He was hired by the John Robinson Shows, where he first worked as an usher, then as a "candy butcher," selling concessions during the show as well as during the concert after the show. After the circus season ended for the winter, he worked as a candy butcher for the Union News Company on their train the West Point Railroad, which traveled back and forth from Atlanta to Jacksonville.

In 1921 and 1922, Lewiston worked as a candy butcher and concessions buyer for Howes Great London Circus. In his autobiography, he mentions that this is when he learned conning, grafting, and short-changing techniques. He then wintered with Christy Brothers Circus in Houston and worked in their ticket booth the following season, where he began to practice his short-changing technique. Over the next few years, he worked as assistant manager of concessions and as the purchasing agent with Gollmar Bros. Circus, then as a ticket seller for Gentry Brothers circus, where he dated a hoochie coochie dancer. Subsequently, he switched to Golden Brothers Circus, where he ran the hamburger stand, sold balloons and novelties, and also served as the substitute announcer. This was his first experience as a barker, referred to as a "talker" in the circus community (though "barker" will be used throughout this entry for ease of understanding).

In early 1925, he worked with the newly formed Carolina Minstrels, an all-black troupe based in Shelbyville, Kentucky. He "strutted downtown at the head of the band to make announcements," and also sold reserved tickets, supervised equipment unloading and setup, and sold prize candy. Later that year, he switched to Miller Brothers 101 Ranch show, where he worked as a ticket seller and sideshow announcer. He worked for Miller Brothers again the following year, but was fired by Joe Miller for short-changing patrons. Lewiston was hired by the Boyd and Linderman Shows to organize and hire performers and musicians for a hoochie coochie show. After the touring season ended, he ran a (fixed) betting wheel for Pollack's 20 Big Shows. In early 1927, he worked as a candy butcher and a fill-in performer for Pat Whale's Traveling Burlesque Show, and then briefly ran a brothel/speakeasy in Kansas City, Missouri before the police shut it down.

Marriage and continued circus career
In fall 1927, Lewiston was hired as the assistant to Arthur Hoffman of the Morris and Castle carnival. He prepared the opening of Singer's Midgets show at the Mississippi Valley Fair in Davenport, Iowa, where he also talked up the show on the midway and sold tickets. It was at this time that he met his future wife Rose Adelstein, who was working with Morris and Castle as a mentalist/fortuneteller under the name "Lady Zindra." Lewiston stayed on with Morris and Castle the following year, and was named the manager of the "Broadway review" show. He began dating Rose, who was also raised as an Orthodox Jew, and they married on November 26, 1928, in Cook County, Illinois. She took his legal last name and became Rose Jaffe, but continued to perform as a fortune teller under her stage name and was known socially as Rose Lewiston.

In 1929, they both worked for the Al G. Barnes Circus sideshow. Lewiston worked again as an assistant to Arthur Hoffman, and Rose was a fortune teller. In 1930, they initially worked for the Hagenbeck-Wallace Circus. Lewiston managed the sideshow, and Rose was a fortune teller, but the show closed in late August from poor sales due to the Great Depression. Subsequently, they returned to Morris and Castle, and Lewiston brought several circus freaks with him. They stayed with Morris and Castel in 1931, and Lewiston and Rose also added a duo mindreading act to their performance at several state fairs. In 1932, he switched to the John T. Wortham Carnival, where he ran the privilege car and managed a fortune telling booth, while Rose returned to fortunetelling for the Al. G. Barnes Circus that season.

Chicago World's Fair
In late 1932, Lewiston was hired by sideshow impresario Duke Mills to organize a freak show for the upcoming "Century of Progress" World's Fair in Chicago, and to serve as the barker and managing director. The freak show opened in 1933, but competed poorly with Ripley's Believe It Or Not located just down the midway, and closed early after approximately six weeks. Lewiston was soon hired by showmen Lew Dufour and Joe Rogers to design the "Darkest Africa" show on the Midway at the World's Fair, featuring Africans from Nigeria, Uganda, Belgian Congo, and French Congo, and representing the Ubangi, Karamojo, and Ashanti ethnic groups. Sometimes calling himself "Major Lewiston" or "Captain Lewiston," ranks above what he had earned, he worked as a barker for this show as well:
"Another of the lecturers, Capt. Harry Lewiston, formerly of the British army, also spoke of the blacks with genuine respect, adding, apropos of the Nigerians, "You know, those men have eyesight about 300 per cent better than ours. Brave and strong! Look at the play of muscles on those backs! Give me a hundred thousand such men, trained in the use of modern arms, and I'll conquer the moon -- as the German officers used to say." "
That winter, Lewiston and Rose did their duo mindreading act for Morris Miller's Traveling Museum.

Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus
While working at the World's Fair in 1933, Lewiston was approached by Clyde Ingalls and hired to work at Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus the following year. He started in the sideshow ticket booth and the bally stand next to it in 1934, but was promoted as Ingalls' chief assistant on his second day. Lewiston also served as the sideshow pay master, and did special announcements. In his autobiography, he proudly notes that he adapted the circus slogan, coining the phrase "The Greatest Side Show On Earth." While the circus was closed that winter, Lewiston and Rose did their duo mindreading act for the Gus Sun Circuit.

In 1935, Lewiston started at the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus opening at Madison Square Garden, where he directed the "Parade of the Freaks" from the center ring / hippodrome. Billboard noted that he was "assistant manager of Clyde Ingalls' Side Show" and "has been alternating with latter on big show announcements," meaning that Lewiston was the chief announcer for the main circus acts, not just the sideshow. The magazine also noted that Lewiston would "also present a mental act on road tour," which was a first for that circus; Ringling Bros. had previously distanced itself from acts traditionally associated with defrauding the public. Rose was hired to perform as "Madam Zindra," the circus' first-ever mentalist. The couple continued to work with this circus for the next two years.

Harry Lewiston's Traveling Museum

In late 1937, Lewiston and Rose left Ringling Bros. to form their own organization, and brought several circus freaks with them, including Grace McDaniels the "Mule-Faced Woman," tattooed girl Stella Grassman, Clico the African pygmy, "Human Balloon" Art Hubbell, Disco the magician, Lady Johanna the mentalist, sword swallowers John and Vivian Dunning, and Mel Burkhart the "Anatomical Wonder," who subsequently developed his "Human Blockhead" act while working in this show. Harry Lewiston's Traveling Museum (also known as "Lewiston's Big Circus Sideshow," "World's Fair Freaks," and "Palace of Oddities") featured a variety of sideshow and freak performers, a "girlie show," and snakes. Additionally, Rose managed several fortune tellers and served as the entire organization's treasurer. They initially paired up with the Conklin and Garret Shows and performed at venues throughout the United States and Canada, including the Canadian National Exhibition. Their son Eli was born in Illinois in February 1938, and later became part of the act. He was billed as the baby of two dwarfs, with advertisements featuring teasers including "Midget Couple and Normal Baby, 10-mo. old son." Lewiston's python display, which included a wrestling act, was featured in a full-column article with two more columns of photos in The Charlotte Observer, and an excerpt of the story even received national attention:

"Charlotte, N.C., March 25 (AP) - Pete, a thirty-foot python, had a late luncheon today - six months late. Pythons, Harry Lewiston, keeper of the reptile, explained, eat only about once every three months. Pete hurt his throat nine months ago and had to pass up two meals. Today, with an eight-foot rubber hose, he was fed a snack of thirty pounds of chopped meat, fifteen dozen eggs and fifteen pounds of crushed bone. It took eighteen men to hold Pete while they fed him."
While Rose ran her "Palace of Knowledge" at the New York World's Fair in 1939 and 1940, Lewiston continued to bring his museum on tour, traveling with organizations including truck carnival William Glick Shows and Johnny J. Jones Carnival. He ran an enlarged side show, including his snakes, plus a freak animal show. While traveling with Jones in Warren, Pennsylvania, during the summer of 1940, Lewiston's sword swallower Lady Vivian Dunning was profiled in the local paper. Lewiston also claims to have been the first showman to buy and repurpose the "headless girl" display, transforming it from a simple illusion act to fooling audiences by pretending she was real. He rigged the exhibit with flowing liquids and medical equipment, and created the story of "Olga Hess," who had been decapitated on a train but was kept alive by a doctor.

Throughout the early to mid-1940s, the museum continued to perform successfully, typically contracting with amusement parks and state fairs during the summers and touring during the winters. In 1941, Harry Lewiston's Traveling Museum joined the Happy Land Shows for summer events in Michigan. Later that season, they performed at the Cambria County Fair in Ebensburg, Pennsylvania. He notes in his autobiography that due to the lewd nature of part of the show, he was sentenced to nine months jail in Eastern State Penitentiary, as were several hoochie coochie girls, though they were all released after six days. In 1942, while the museum was in Erie, Pennsylvania, Harry Lewiston's performing "stone man" Charles Porter visited a famous local resident also suffering from the disease (likely Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva), and they were profiled in the local paper.

In 1944, while the museum was installed for a month in Pittsburgh, the two legal guardians of Bobo and Kiki, the show's "pinheads," arrived to take the pair back home to Texas. After Rose objected that their contract had not yet expired, a fight broke out, and a local patrolman arrested all five of them. Charges were later dismissed, and the pinheads stayed on with the show. In late 1945, he formed a partnership called Gayer & Lewiston Enterprises with Archie Gayer, operator of Archie's Playland Arcade in Detroit. They co-ran the Monroe Theatre, and a new annex was added to the back of the arcade, where Lewiston managed a variety of attractions for several years, including an exhibit titled "Crime Does Not Pay," bazaars, and sideshow acts.

In 1947, while working for Lewiston over July 4 weekend, sword swallower Tony Marino "gulped a two-foot length of lighted neon tube, glowed at his appreciative audience, bowed, thereupon went out like a light, [and] was hustled to a hospital for removal of the shattered tube." After two weeks of recuperation, including treatment with a stomach pump, milk of magnesia, and oatmeal, Marino continued performing with Lewiston's Museum. In 1950, Lewiston ran sideshows at Edgewater Park, Eastwood Park, and Jefferson Beach in Detroit, the first time that any single show operator had attractions at all three parks at once. In 1951, he leased sideshow and concert operation rights from Mills Bros. for their 32-week season. He noted in his autobiography that he was bitten in the face by a South American boa constrictor during this time.

Post-performance life

In the early 1950s, Harry (now calling himself "Jaffe" again) and Rose retired from performance and management life, and moved to Florida, where they invested in several hotel properties. Rose died from cancer in April 1954, and was buried in Cook County, Illinois. In December 1955, he married a woman named Leona Decker in Monroe County, Florida.

In 1957, the couple moved to the Los Angeles area. Harry's health, especially his eyesight, had deteriorated badly. In his autobiography, he speculates that this might have been due to his heavy drinking. They invested in several properties, and a local daily newspaper ran a profile article of the famous circus man who had bought a hotel. He began writing a weekly column for a paper in Fontana, California. Concurrently, he started an employment agency, and also worked to help recent parolees reintegrate into society. His service was lauded by the state board of corrections at a testimonial dinner.

As his health waned, he began working on his memoirs. Freak Show Man: the Autobiography of Harry Lewiston, as told to Jerry Holtman, was published posthumously in 1968 by Holloway House Publishing Co.

Harry Jaffe died on June 1, 1965, in San Bernardino County.

References

Additional sources
 Primary source for this article was Freak Show Man: the Autobiography of Harry Lewiston, as told to Jerry Holtman, published in 1968 by Holloway House Publishing Co.
 http://circusworld.wisconsinhistory.org  - a great deal of archival research was performed by Erin Foley from that organization
 Many, many issues of Billboard, including: 4/25/1925, 6/25/1926, 4/20/1935, 4/27/1935, 6/1/1935, 4/25/1936, 12/10/1938, 12/17/1938, 12/24/1938, 1/7/1939, 1/21/1939, and 4/28/1951
 Several issues of Boxoffice from the late 1940s
 Bandwagon, September–October 1980

1900 births
1965 deaths
20th-century American memoirists
Circus owners
Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus people
People from Worcester, Massachusetts
20th-century American businesspeople
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
American people of Lithuanian descent


Jessica Rush (born December 23, 1980) is an American actress and singer. She won the Joseph Jefferson Award in 2014 for her performance in Gypsy at the Chicago Shakespeare Theater.

Early life
Born in Beaumont, Texas, the daughter of performers Ken and Sara Rush, Jessica made her stage debut at the age of ten weeks opposite her father as Motel and Tzeitel's child in Fiddler on the Roof.  Her childhood was spent sharing the boards with her parents all across SE Texas. When she was a teenager, the Rush family moved to Orlando, Florida, where she soon went to work for Disney and Nickelodeon on camera, in the parks; where she portrayed Belle in Disney World's production of Beauty and the Beast, and with Disney Cruise Lines.

National/regional tours
Rush played Sophie in the first U.S. national tour of Mamma Mia!, Martha Cratchit in the national tour of A Christmas Carol, and the title role in Cinderella opposite Eartha Kitt. She lived in Los Angeles for a stint, where she originated the role of Anna in the world premiere of Pilgrim. She also created the role of Lucie Manette in the 2007 world premiere of  A Tale of Two Cities, by Jill Santoriello in Sarasota, Florida. She did not join the Broadway cast for Tale'''s short run on Broadway. Rush played Louise in Gypsy at the Chicago Shakespeare Theater, and won the Joseph Jefferson Award in 2014 for her performance.

Broadway and off-Broadway
Rush was seen Off-Broadway at the City Center's Encores! as Renee in the pre-Broadway production of Gypsy opposite Patti LuPone, Boyd Gaines, Laura Benanti and Leigh Ann Larkin. In March 2008, she joined the original Broadway revival cast of that company and was the standby for "Louise" under Benanti, a role which she performed several times. Also on Broadway, Rush appeared in the 2009 revival of Guys and Dolls. Rush portrayed Lorraine in Jersey Boys at the August Wilson Theatre, and was in the final cast when it closed its eleven-year run on Broadway. From 2019 to 2022, Rush starred as Rhonda in the Broadway production of Tina: The Musical.Katie Webber Succeeds Jessica Rush in Broadway's Tina—The Tina Turner Musical April 12 Playbill, April 12, 2022

Television
Rush appeared on White Collar. She will be featured on the upcoming Showtime series Billions''.

Personal life
Jessica Rush is married to Broadway actor Eric Anderson, and has a daughter named Elliot.

References

American stage actresses
Living people
Actresses from Orlando, Florida
People from Beaumont, Texas
1980 births
21st-century American women


James Lawrence "Larry" Fly (February 22, 1898 – January 6, 1966) was an American lawyer, famous as chairman of the Federal Communications Commission and, later, director of the American Civil Liberties Union. He helped inaugurate standards for commercial television broadcasting, and vigorously opposed wiretapping throughout his career.

Early life
Fly grew up in Texas and graduated from North Dallas High School in 1916. He then graduated from the United States Naval Academy before serving three years in the United States Navy. He resigned to earn a law degree from Harvard Law School. After a short time in private practice, Fly took a position prosecuting antitrust cases for the government. He joined the Tennessee Valley Authority in 1934, rising from solicitor general to general counsel.  Fly married Mildred Marvin Jones in 1923, with whom he had two children, James Lawrence, Jr., and Sara Virginia.

FCC chairmanship
When Fly was appointed to replace Frank McNinch as FCC chairman in 1939, commercial television had not yet begun in the U.S. In April of that year, RCA attempted to broadcast commercial content in New York City using standards set by the Radio Manufacturers Association (now the Electronic Industries Alliance), but these broadcasts were unauthorized and experimental. In December 1939 the FCC announced it would authorize limited commercial broadcasts, but it was not clear what standards should be used. By early 1940 RCA made aggressive moves to dominate the industry, and many of their competitors objected. The FCC halted all commercial broadcasts, and insisting that the television industry as a whole develop standards before broadcasting continue. To break this impasse, Fly urged Walter R. G. Baker to found the National Television System Committee, or NTSC, and negotiations were soon reached. This became the model that the FCC has used repeatedly when developing new standards for nascent technologies.

As chairman of the FCC, Fly became the ex officio chairman of the Defense Communications Board, later the Board of War Communications, when it was created by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in September 1940.

That same month, J. Edgar Hoover of the FBI asked the FCC to wiretap all communications to and from Axis powers and the United States, despite the fact that wiretapping had been outlawed by Section 605 of the Communications Act of 1934, and Fly refused to comply. Fly wrote a letter to President Roosevelt explaining his lack of cooperation.  Roosevelt renominated Fly to a new seven-year term of office beginning July 1, 1942; Fly's appointment was confirmed unanimously by the U.S. Senate on June 29 of that year.

In 1941 Sam Hobbs, U.S. Representative from Alabama, introduced a bill that would legalize wiretapping by the FBI, or any other government agency, if it was suspected that a felony was occurring. The bill was supported by Attorney General Robert H. Jackson, and seemed likely to pass, until Fly testified against the bill to Congress. Due in large part to Fly's testimony, the bill did not pass. This testimony garnered Fly national attention, and earned Roosevelt's and Hoover's disapproval. The FBI conducted wiretaps in contravention of the law, and began to collect a file on Fly. Hoover publicly attacked Fly and questioned his loyalty to the United States. In 1943, a House committee investigating the FCC accused Fly of allowing the attack on Pearl Harbor by preventing wiretap legislation.

Fly left the FCC in November 1944, and opened a private law practice in New York City.  He was replaced as chairman on an interim basis by Commissioner Ewell K. Jett, and his seat was ultimately filled by the Democratic National Committee's publicity director, Paul A. Porter, who took over as chairman upon his confirmation.

Director of the ACLU
Fly became director of the ACLU in 1946. One of the most celebrated cases under Fly's directorship was the case of Judith Coplon, accused of spying for the Soviet Union. The trial uncovered extensive wiretapping being conducted illegally by the FBI, and became a major embarrassment for the agency. These wiretaps included conversations between Coplon and her lawyer. The bureau then destroyed recordings before the court could hear them, violating further statutes. Coplon was convicted, but the case was appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Judge Learned Hand conceded that "the guilt is plain," but overturned the conviction due to the evidence collected through illegal methods, as well as other misconduct, including the fact that Coplon had been arrested without a warrant.

Private practice
In 1949 Fly represented labor leader Harry Bridges, who faced deportation due to accusations that he had lied when saying he had never been a Communist. This case eventually went before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1953, which ruled against the government. As retribution for this case, Fly faced numerous legal and business difficulties; newspaper columnists questioned his patriotism, and he was named a "concealed Communist" by a loyalty board

In 1953 Fly debated House Majority Leader Charles A. Halleck on the use of wiretaps, on Edward R. Murrow's "See It Now" television program. Fly also wrote numerous print editorials speaking against wiretapping, and testified before a Senate subcommittee about the practice.

Fly died of cancer in Daytona Beach, Florida.

Further reading
America's Battle for Media Democracy: The Triumph of Corporate Libertarianism and the Future of Media Reform, by Victor Pickard (professor), Cambridge University Press, 2014

References

1898 births
1966 deaths
20th-century American lawyers
Deaths from cancer in Florida
Chairmen of the Federal Communications Commission
United States Naval Academy alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
United States Navy officers
American Civil Liberties Union people
Franklin D. Roosevelt administration personnel


JSS Academy of Technical Education may refer to:

 J.S.S. Academy of Technical Education, Bangalore
 J.S.S. Academy of Technical Education, Noida


is a South Korean professional footballer who last played for the Singaporean club Singapore Armed Forces.

Club career

South Korea
He began his football career with South Korean club Chunnam Dragons in 1999. He played only 1 league game with Chunnam.

Singapore
In 2001, Park moved to S. League in Singapore, and joined Jurong FC. He finished as Jurong's top goalscorer with 24 goals in his debut season. Throughout a three-year spell at Jurong, he scored a total of 44 goals.

Park joined Balestier Khalsa in 2004, but he moved to Woodlands Wellington a year later.

At Woodlands, he scored 40 goals in four seasons, and in 2008, became only the eighth player to score 100 goals in the S.League.

From 2009, he joined Singapore Armed Forces.

Honours

Club

Woodlands Wellington
League Cup:2007

Individual
100 S.League Goals: 2008

External links
sleague.com
safwarriors.com.sg
data2.7m.cn

safwarriors.com.sg

1977 births
Living people
South Korean men's footballers
South Korean expatriate men's footballers
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Singapore
Expatriate men's footballers in Singapore
Jeonnam Dragons players
Balestier Khalsa FC players
Woodlands Wellington FC players
Warriors FC players
K League 1 players
Singapore Premier League players
Jurong FC players
Men's association football midfielders


Stafford Hall is an early 19th-century Federal-style mansion near Clear Spring in Washington County, Maryland, United States.  Stafford Hall was the residence of John Thomson Mason, Jr. (May 9, 1815 – March 28, 1873), a U.S. Congressman from Maryland, representing the sixth district from 1841 to 1843.

History
Stafford Hall is a large two-story 36 room brick and stone mansion with nine double chimneys built around 1835 by John Thomson Mason, Jr. Mason named his property after Staffordshire, a homeplace of his great-great-great-grandfather Colonel George Mason I (5 June 1629–1686). Stafford Hall was later purchased by Mason's law classmate and Governor of Maryland, William Thomas Hamilton. Hamilton resided at the property for almost 50 years. In 1920, Stafford Hall was bought by the Leo Cohill family.

Stafford Hall had one of the largest apple orchards in the surrounding area. Its orchard produced more than 50,000 bushels of apples a year and employed hundreds of area residents. Nearby canning corporations including Musselman purchased apples from the Stafford Hall orchard. Stafford Hall Apples were shipped all over the United States, and to England and France. In the 1930s, lightning struck the packing house killing two workers.

Legend
Local legend asserts the existence of a secret hidden room at Stafford Hall and that anyone discovers the room dies shortly afterwards. Legend also holds that a prominent magistrate from Hagerstown found the room in 1924 and died within the year. In 1926, Leo Cohill's nine-year-old daughter Margaret became ill after finding the room and admitted what she had done on her deathbed, begging her family members to not seek out the room.

References

Mason family residences
Houses in Washington County, Maryland
Houses completed in 1835
Federal architecture in Maryland


Ballota is one of nine parishes (administrative divisions) in the Cudillero municipality, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 305 ( INE 2008).

Villages
 Reseḷḷinas
 Santa Marina
 Vaḷḷouta

References

Parishes in Cudillero


Alan Averill (a.k.a. A.A. Nemtheanga; born 26 August 1975) is an Irish musician most notable for his vocal duties for the folk/black metal band Primordial. He has also participated in several side projects, including Void of Silence, Blood Revolt, and Twilight of the Gods.

Life and career
Averill was raised in Sutton on Dublin's Northside and attended Mount Temple Comprehensive School. Averill joined Primordial in August 1991 after seeing an advertisement posted by the band in a local music store.

He was the vocalist for the doom metal band Void of Silence and sung on the band's third album, Human Antithesis, before departing in 2009.

Averill traveled to Canada early to record vocals for "Indoctrine", the debut album from Blood Revolt with Vermin and J. Read (Axis of Advance, Conqueror). The album was released by Profound Lore and Invictus in late 2010.

He also fronts Twilight of the Gods, a supergroup, originally intended as a live-only Bathory tribute, that includes drummer Nicholas Barker (ex-Cradle of Filth, ex-Dimmu Borgir, ex-Testament, ex-Exodus), guitarist Rune Eriksen (Aura Noir, ex-Mayhem), guitarist Patrik Lindgren (Thyrfing), and bassist Frode Glesnes (Einherjer). The band released its debut, Fire on the Mountain, on 27 September 2013 on Season of Mist.

Averill also contributes to other aspects of the music industry. In 2008, he received a Journalism degree from Dublin City University and is a staff writer for Zero Tolerance magazine. In 2010, he started working as an A&R representative for Metal Blade Records and formed the Poison Tongue Records imprint.

Discography

With Primordial
Imrama (full-length, 1995)
Primordial / Katatonia (split, 1997)
A Journey's End (full-length, 1998)
The Burning Season (EP, 1999)
Spirit the Earth Aflame (full-length, 2000)
Storm Before Calm (full-length, 2002)
The Gathering Wilderness (full-length, 2005)
Primordial / Mael Mórdha (split, 2005)
To the Nameless Dead (full-length, 2007)
Redemption at the Puritan's Hand (full-length, 2011)
Where Greater Men Have Fallen (full-length, 2014)
Exile Amongst the Ruins (full-length, 2018)
How It Ends (full-length, 2023)

With Blood Revolt
Indoctrine (full-length, 2010)

With Dread Sovereign
All Hell's Martyrs (full-length, 2013)
For Doom the Bell Tolls (full-length, 2017)
Alchemical Warfare (full length, 2021)

With Plagued
Plagued / Trimonium (split, 2007)

With Twilight of the Gods
Fire on the Mountain (full-length, 2013)

With Void of Silence
Human Antithesis (full-length, 2004)

As a guest or session musician
Rom 5:12 – Marduk (full-length, 2007)
Evocation I - The Arcane Dominion – Eluveitie (full-length, 2009)
Rise of the Bastard Deities – Morphosis (full-length, 2009)
Aealo – Rotting Christ (full-length, 2010)
Vuur van Vurzet - Heidevolk (full-length, 2018)
Ächtung, Baby! - Rome
Mother Bury Your Sons - Me and that Man

References

External links

1975 births
People educated at Mount Temple Comprehensive School
Musicians from Dublin (city)
Black metal singers
20th-century Irish male singers
21st-century Irish male singers
Living people


The Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies is a non-profit, academic law journal that publishes work from current law students and recent alumni in Canada and throughout the world. It is produced by students from the Schulich School of Law (formerly Dalhousie Law School).

History
Established in 1991, the Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies is a forum that promotes reflection and debate about contemporary legal issues. As one of the only publications of its kind in Canada, the Journal serves as a unique vehicle for law students to publish their work.

The DJLS is published once per academic year and maintains a broad subscription base that includes law firms, law school libraries, corporations, government departments, alumni, and legal professionals from around the globe. The Journal is also indexed in the HeinOnline database.

An entirely student-run publication, the DJLS is managed by an editorial board, and over seventy volunteers comprising students from the Schulich School of Law at Dalhousie assist in production and publication.

It is distinct from the Dalhousie Law Journal which is a peer-reviewed journal produced by faculty, rather than students.

References

External links

Canadian law journals
Dalhousie University
Academic journals established in 1992
Annual journals
English-language journals
Law journals edited by students


Atelecyclidae is a family of crabs belonging to the superfamily Cancroidea, and currently contains eight genera of which two are extinct. However, the genera other than Atelecyclus and Pseudocorystes do not belong in the Cancroidea, and are to be removed from the family.
Atelecyclus
† Levicyclus
† Palaeotrichia
Peltarion
Podocatactes
Pseudocorystes
Protopeltarion
Trichopeltarion

References

Cancroidea
Decapod families


Cudillero is one of nine parishes (administrative divisions) in the Cudillero municipality, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 1,730 (INE 2007).

References

Parishes in Cudillero


The 1993 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and publications that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1993. It is an honor given annually to the best American college football players at their respective positions.

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) recognizes seven selectors as "official" for the 1993 season. They are: (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA); (2) the Associated Press (AP) selected based on the votes of sports writers at AP newspapers; (3) Football News; (4) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA); (4) The Sporting News; (6) the United Press International (UPI); and (7) the Walter Camp Football Foundation (WCFF).  Other notable selectors included Gannett News Service (GNS), Scripps Howard (SH), and the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA).

Ten players were unanimously selected as first-team All-Americans by all seven of the NCAA-recognized selectors.  They are: quarterback Charlie Ward of Florida State; running backs Marshall Faulk of San Diego State and LeShon Johnson of Northern Illinois; wide receiver J. J. Stokes of UCLA; center Jim Pyne of Virginia Tech; offensive tackle Aaron Taylor of Notre Dame; defensive tackle Rob Waldrop of Arizona; linebackers Trev Alberts of Nebraska and Derrick Brooks of Florida State; and defensive back Antonio Langham of Alabama. Charlie Ward also won the 1993 Heisman Trophy.

Offense

Quarterback
 Charlie Ward, Florida State (CFHOF) (AFCA, AP-1, FN, FWAA, TSN, UPI, WCFF, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 Heath Shuler, Tennessee (AP-2, GNS, NEA-2)
 Trent Dilfer, Fresno State (AP-3, GNS)

Running backs

 Marshall Faulk, San Diego State (CFHOF) (AFCA, AP-1, FN, FWAA, TSN, UPI, WCFF, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 LeShon Johnson, Northern Illinois (AFCA, AP-1, FN, FWAA, TSN, UPI, WCFF, GNS)
 Errict Rhett, Florida (FN, GNS)
 Tyrone Wheatley, Michigan (NEA-1, SH)
 Bam Morris, Texas Tech (AP-2, GNS)
 Brent Moss, Wisconsin (AP-2, NEA-2)
 Calvin Jones, Nebraska (AP-3, NEA-2)
 Napoleon Kaufman, Washington (AP-3)
 Charlie Garner, Tennessee (GNS)

Wide receivers
 J. J. Stokes, UCLA (AFCA, AP-1, FN, FWAA, TSN, UPI, WCFF, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 Johnnie Morton, USC (AFCA, AP-1, FN, FWAA, TSN, GNS, NEA-2, SH)
 Ryan Yarborough, Wyoming (AP-1, FWAA, GNS, NEA-1)
 Charles Johnson, Colorado (AP-2, GNS, NEA-2 [KR])
 Chris Penn, Tulsa (AP-2)
 Bobby Engram, Penn State (AP-3)
 Joey Galloway, Ohio State (AP-3, GNS, NEA-2)

Tight end
 Pete Mitchell, Boston College (AP-2, TSN, UPI, SH)
 Carlester Crumpler, East Carolina (WCFF, NEA-2)
 Mark Bruener, Washington (AP-3, NEA-1)

Tackles

 Aaron Taylor, Notre Dame  (AFCA, AP-1, FN, FWAA, TSN, UPI, WCFF, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 Wayne Gandy, Auburn (AP-1, FWAA, UPI, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 Korey Stringer, Ohio State (AFCA, AP-2, WCFF, GNS, SH)
 Rich Braham, West Virginia (AFCA, AP-2, UPI, NEA-2)
 Todd Steussie, California (AFCA, AP-2, GNS)
 Marcus Spears, Northwestern State (FWAA, GNS, NEA-2)
 Bernard Williams, Georgia (FN, GNS, NEA-1)
 Joe Panos, Wisconsin (AP-2)
 Zach Wiegert, Nebraska (AP-3)
 Doug Skartvedt, Iowa State (AP-3)
 Vaughn Parker, UCLA (AP-3)
 Jeff Smith, Tennessee (AP-3)
 Reubin Brown, Pittsburgh (GNS)
 Jason Winrow, Ohio State (NEA-2)

Guards
 Mark Dixon, Virginia (AP-1, FN, FWAA, TSN, UPI, WCFF, NEA-1)
 Stacy Seegars, Clemson (AP-1, FN, TSN, WCFF, NEA-2, SH)

Center
 Jim Pyne, Virginia Tech (AFCA, AP-1, FN, FWAA, TSN, UPI, WCFF, NEA-1, SH)
 Tim Ruddy, Notre Dame (AP-2)
 Tom Nalen, Boston College (AP-3)
 K. C. Jones, Miami (NEA-2)

Defense

Linemen
 Rob Waldrop, Arizona (CFHOF) (AFCA, AP-1, FN, FWAA, TSN, UPI, WCFF, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 Dan Wilkinson, Ohio State (AP-1, FN, FWAA, TSN, UPI, WCFF, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 Sam Adams, Texas A&M (AFCA, AP-1, FN, TSN, UPI, WCFF, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 Kevin Patrick, Miami (Fla.) (AFCA, AP-1, UPI, NEA-2)
 Shante Carver, Arizona State (FWAA, TSN, NEA-2)
 Derrick Alexander, Florida State (FWAA)
 Bryant Young, Notre Dame (AFCA, AP-2, GNS)
 Lou Benfatti, Penn State (AP-2, WCFF)
 Darren Krein, Miami (AP-2)
 Tedy Bruschi, Arizona (CFHOF) (AP-2)
 Derrick Alexander, Florida State (AP-3)
 William Gaines, Florida (AP-3)
 Lamark Shackerford, Wisconsin (AP-3, NEA-2)
 Henry Ford, Arkansas (AP-3)
 Kevin Mitchell, Syracuse (GNS)
 Joe Johnson, Louisville (GNS)
 Brentson Buckner, Clemson (NEA-1)
 Willie McGinest, USC (NEA-2)

Linebackers
 Trev Alberts, Nebraska (CFHOF) (AFCA [lineman], AP-1, FN, FWAA, TSN, UPI, WCFF, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 Derrick Brooks, Florida State (CFHOF) (AFCA, AP-1, FN, FWAA, TSN, UPI, WCFF, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 Jamir Miller, UCLA (AP-2, FN, TSN, UPI, WCFF, GNS, NEA-1)
 Dana Howard, Illinois (AFCA, AP-1, FN)
 Barron Wortham, UTEP (AP-2, FWAA, NEA-2, SH)
 Sean Harris, Arizona (AP-3, SH)
 Jerrott Willard, California (AP-2)
 DeWayne Dotson, Ole Miss (AP-3)
 Aubrey Beavers, Oklahoma (AP-3, GNS)
 John Thierry, Alcorn State (GNS, NEA-1)
 Marlo Perry, Jackson State (NEA-2)
 Anthony McClanahan, Washington State (NEA-2)
 Keith Burns, Oklahoma State (NEA-2)

Defensive backs
 Antonio Langham, Alabama (AFCA, AP-1, FN, FWAA, TSN, UPI, WCFF, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 Aaron Glenn, Texas A&M (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, TSN, UPI, WCFF, GNS, SH)
 Jeff Burris, Notre Dame (AP-1, FN, UPI, WCFF, NEA-1)
 Corey Sawyer, Florida State (AP-2, FN, TSN, UPI, WCFF, GNS)
 Jaime Mendez, Kansas St (AFCA, AP-1, FN)
 Bobby Taylor, Notre Dame (AP-3, FWAA, TSN, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 Bracy Walker, North Carolina (AFCA, AP-2, FWAA, SH)
 Anthony Bridges, Louisville (AP-2)
 Thomas Randolph, Kansas State (AP-2)
 Dexter Seigler, Miami (AP-3)
 Chris Hudson, Colorado (AP-3, GNS)
 Orlando Thomas, Southwestern Louisiana (AP-3)
 Dewayne Washington, NC State (GNS)
 Anthony Phillips, Texas A&I (NEA-1)

Specialists

Placekicker
 Bjorn Merten, UCLA (AP-1, TSN, WCFF)
 John Becksvoort, Tennessee (FWAA, SH)
 John Stewart, SMU (AFCA)
 Michael Procter, Alabama (AP-2, FN)
 Judd Davis, Florida (AP-3, UPI, NEA-2)
 Pat O'Neal, Syracuse (GNS)
 Tommy Thompson, Oregon (NEA-1)

Punter
 Terry Daniel, Auburn (AFCA, AP-1, FN, FWAA, TSN, WCFF, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 Chris MacInnis, Air Force (AP-2)
 Brad Faunce, UNLV (AP-3)

All-purpose / kick returners
 David Palmer, Alabama (AFCA [WR], AP-1 (all-purpose), FWAA [KR], UPI [KR], TSN [KR], WCFF [WR], GNS [WR], NEA-1 [KR])
 Leeland McElroy, Texas A&M (AP-2 (all-purpose))
 Andre Coleman, Kansas State (AP-3 (all-purpose))

Key
 Bold – Used for (1) consensus All-American and (2) first-team selections by an official selector
 CFHOF - Inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame
 -1 – First-team selection
 -2 – Second-team selection
 -3 – Third-team selection

Official selectors
 AFCA = American Football Coaches Association for Kodak
 AP = Associated Press
 FN = Football News
 FWAA = Football Writers Association of America
 TSN = The Sporting News
 UPI = United Press International
 WCFF = Walter Camp Football Foundation selected by NCAA Division I-A coaches and sports information directors

Other selectors
 GNS = Gannett News Service
 NEA = Newspaper Enterprise Association
 SH = Scripps Howard News Service

See also
 1993 All-Big Eight Conference football team
 1993 All-Big Ten Conference football team
 1993 All-Pacific-10 Conference football team
 1993 All-SEC football team

References

All-America Team
College Football All-America Teams