Warra is a rural town and locality in the Western Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , the locality of Warra had a population of 205 people.

Geography

Warra is on the Darling Downs, a farming area in Queensland. It is on the Warrego Highway,  north west of the state capital, Brisbane.

The locality is bounded to the north by Haystack Road and Seigmeiers Road and to the south-west by the Condamine River. The town is located to the west of centre of the locality.

The Warrego Highway and Western railway line enter the locality from the south-east (Macalister), pass through the town, and exit to the west (Brigalow). Warra railway station serves the town (). The highway is known as Thorne Street within the town.

Haystack is a neighbourhood in the north-west of the locality on the boundary with Tuckerang ().

The land use is a mixture of dry and irrigated cropping with some grazing on native vegetation.

History
The town takes its name from the Warra Warra pastoral run, which was previously called Cobble Cobble. The run was  operated by Henry Dennis in the late 1840s, then by Colin McKenzie from 1848, then by Mr Thorne circa 1864. The name Warra Warra is believed to be from the Mandandanji language meaning a woman carrying a load  or plenty of water.

Warra Provisional School opened on 12 April 1881. On 21 January 1889, it became Warra State School. In 1977 a pre-school was added.

On Friday 9 November 1906, Archdeacon Edward Bush Trotter, assisted by the Reverend William Powning Glover of Dalby, laid the foundation stone for All Saints' Anglican Church. On Tuesday 26 March 1907, Archbishop St Clair Donaldson officially opened and dedicated the church.

In April 1907, Samuel Alexander Taylor of Logie Plains pastoral station decided to build a Presbyterian church in Warra at his own expense.  It is unclear when the Presbyterian Church opened, but it was in operation by May 1908. In the 1970s, when the Uniting Church in Australia was created through amalgamation of Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregational churches, it became Warra Uniting Church. In 2005, the church at 14 Lytton Street () was sold into private ownership and then converted into a residence.

Daiwan State School opened in 18 October 1910. It may also have been known as Haystack Plains State School. In 1924, it was renamed Haystack State School. It closed in 1968. In 1921, it was on the south-west corner of Haystack Noola Road and Haystack North Road in neighbouring Tuckerang (). In 1938, it was at 1054 Haystack Road in Warra ().

On Sunday 30 March 1913, Archbishop James Duhig blessed and officially opened St Francis Xavier Catholic Church. The church was destroyed in a storm on 15 December 1980.

Braeside State School opened on 24 May 1915 and closed on 31 October 1923. On 31 January 1928, it reopened and closed permanently on 4 August 1950.Between December 1915 and July 1919, the Queensland Labor Government operated a coal mine at Warra, one of several such State Enterprises. The mine supplied coal for the southern railways, and, by 1915, was producing 120 tons weekly which could be loaded directly into engines at the pithead. However, the mine was plagued from the start with water seepage problems, causing the original shaft to be abandoned after November 1916. The mine yielded a total 13,528 tons of coal, and the net financial result was a loss of £38,058.

The Warra Honour Board was unveiled on 14 May 1917 by Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly in Dalby,  William Vowles.

Llanberris Provisional School opened on 17 November 1919 and closed on 27 April 1923.

At the , Warra had a population of 84.

In the , the locality of Warra had a population of 205 people.

Economy
There are a number of homesteads in the locality:

 Barooga ()
 Caramar ()
 Clover-Lea ()
 Coolden ()
 David Downs ()
 Devonia ()
 Ferndale ()
 Glengrove ()
 Glennesk ()
 Gracevale ()
 Grasslands ()
 Jinghi Jinghi ()
 Kareelah ()
 Logie ()
 Maudlands ()
 Maylingup ()
 Mylin Park ()
 Parkina ()
 Rakaia ()
 Renbar ()
 The Mead ()
 Trumpeters Corner ()
 Vickeries ()
 Warruga ()
 Waverley ()
 Windale ()
 Winya Park (abandoned) ()
 Wruwallin ()
 Wywurrie ()

Education
Warra State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at Robinson Street (). In 2016, the school had an enrolment of 10 students with 3 teachers (1 full-time equivalent) and 4 non-teaching staff (1 full-time equivalent). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 11 students with 3 teachers (1 full-time equivalent) and 3 non-teaching staff (1 full-time equivalent).

There is no secondary school in Warra. The nearest government secondary schools are Jandowae State School (to Year 10) in Jandowae to the north-east, Chinchilla State High School (to Year 12) in Chinchilla to the north-west and Dalby State High School in Dalby to the south-east.

Amenities
The Warra Memorial Hall is at 8-10 Thorne Street ().

All Saints Anglican Church is in Lytton Street (). Being the only church now in Warra, the church is used for Catholic and Uniting church services in addition to the Anglican services.

Attractions
A bell tower with the original bell and cross from St Francis Xavier Catholic Church stands on the site of the church just west of the town on the Warrego Highway (). A plaque commemorates the church.

Notable residents
Aboriginal boxing legend Jerry Jerome commenced his boxing career in Warra.

Miscellaneous

The name Warra has been used as a name for a crater on the planet Mars, without specifically commemorating the town.

References

Further reading

  — includes Blackwood State School, Belah State School, Ehlma State School, Haystack State School, Mulga State School, Noola State School, and Wychie State School

External links

Towns in Queensland
Towns in the Darling Downs
Western Downs Region
Localities in Queensland


Insull may refer to:

 Insull Utilities Investment Inc.
 Insull, Kentucky
 Leonard Insull (1883–1974), figurinist
 Samuel Insull (1859–1938), investor


Chroscice may refer to the following places in Poland:
Chrościce, Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship
Chrościce, Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship
Chróścice, Opole Voivodeship


Chroscin may refer to:
Chrościn, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
Chróścin, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland


Brigalow is a rural town and locality in the Western Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. In the  the locality of Brigalow had a population of 170 people.

Geography
Brigalow is on the Darling Downs. The town is in the north-west of the locality.

The Condamine River enters the locality from the south-east (Kogan / Warra) and exits to the north-west (Hopeland / Boonarga).

The Warrego Highway enters the locality from the east (Warra), then proceeds north-west passing through the town, and then exits to the north-west (Boonarga). The Western railway line runs immediately north and parallel to the highway with two railway stations within the locality:

 Ehlma railway station, now abandoned ()
 Brigalow railway station, serving the town ()
Apart from the power station and mines in the south-west of the locality, the predominant surface land use is a mixture of crop growing in the north of the locality and grazing on native vegetation in the south of the locality. Crops grown in the area include wheat, barley, sorghum, chick peas, and cotton.

History
In 1859, a township called Campbell's Camp () was established on the banks of the Condamine River at a place where bullock teams could cross the river. In September 1862, the Queensland Government held a land sale of town, suburban, and country lots.

Mulga Provisional School opened in 1896. On 1 January 1909, it became Mulga State School. In 1914, it ceased to be a full-time school and became a half-time school in conjunction with Hill Top Provisional School (later Boonarga State School) with the two schools sharing one teacher. Mulga State School closed in 1915, but reopened in 1917 as a full-time school. It permanently closed in 1943. It was located on a L-shaped land parcel on the kink in Jones Road ().

Brigalow Post Office opened by November 1912 (a receiving office, originally named Mulga, had been open from 1895) and closed around 1993.

Brigalow Provisional School opened on 24 February 1908. In 1910, it became Brigalow State School.

Ehlma State School opened on 14 April 1913. It closed in 1965. It was on Ehlma Boundary Road () to the immediate north of the Ehlma railway station.

The first wedding in the Brigalow Methodist Church was celebrated on 28 February 1923.

Blackwood Provisional School opened on 19 July 1915 and closed on 27 October 1932. On 12 November 1932, the school was reopened and renamed Belah State School. It closed in 1962. In 1921, the school was on Inverai Road (). In 1938, the school was at 1249 Ehlma Boundary Road(). Both of these locations are now in Wychie.

Noola State School opened on 5 April 1923. Circa 1957, it renamed Noola Plains State School. It closed circa 1961. It was at 600 Brigalow Canaga Creek Road (), now in Wychie.

The Kogan Creek Power Station opened in 2006.

At the , Brigalow and the surrounding area had a population of 457.

In the , the locality of Brigalow had a population of 170 people.

Economy
The Kogan Creek Power Station is a coal-fired power station in the south-west of the locality (). At 750 MW, it is the largest single unit in Australia. Construction by a consortium led by Siemens commenced in 2004 and was completed in 2007. It was opened by the Queensland Premier Anna Bligh and Minister for Mines and Energy Geoff Wilson on 27 November 2007.

The Kogan Creek coal mine is located to the south-east of the power station. It is an open-cut mine which supplies the power station with approximately 2.5Mt of coal each year.

From the town to the south of locality is within petroleum leases held by Arrow CSG (Australia) and Australian CBM to extract coal seam gas. The extraction of coal seam gas within farming districts is controversial in Australia due to concerns that groundwater under prime grazing and cropping land could be contaminated. In April 2018 one operator in Hopeland (to the immediate west of Brigalow), Linc Energy, was fined $4.5 million in May 2019 for causing environmental harm through its underground coal gasification plant.

In the agricultural economy, there are a number of homesteads in the locality, including:

 Allendale ()
 Avonmore ()
 Beltana ()
 Bluebell Park ()
 Eureka ()
 Glencara ()
 Greenacres ()
 Heather Vale ()
 Kalora ()
 Laguna ()
 Merina Park ()
 Minie Vale ()
 Oakbank ()
 Quail Plain ()
 Renbah ()
 Riverlea ()
 Shamrock Flat ()
 The Shiralee ()
 Wandella ()
 Warra Warra ()

Education

Brigalow State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at Warrego Highway (). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 52 students with 5 teachers (4 full-time equivalent) and 7 non-teaching staff (3 full-time equivalent).

There is no secondary school in Brigalow. The nearest government secondary schools are Chinchilla State High School (to Year 12) in Chinchilla to the north-west and Jandowae State School (to Year 10) in Jandowae to the north-east.

Amenities

Brigalow Public Hall is at 47-49 Warrego Highway ().

Brigalow had three churches but all have now closed. The Brigalow Uniting Church (the last to close) was at 68 Mulga Street () and is now privately owned.

References

Further reading

  — includes Blackwood State School, Belah State School, Ehlma State School, Haystack State School, Mulga State School, Noola State School, and Wychie State School

External links

Towns in Queensland
Western Downs Region
Localities in Queensland


Zaïre (; The Tragedy of Zara) is a five-act tragedy in verse by Voltaire. Written in three weeks, it was given its first public performance on 13 August 1732 by the Comédie française in Paris. It was a great success with the Paris audiences and marked a turning away from tragedies caused by a fatal flaw in the protagonist's character to ones based on pathos. The tragic fate of its heroine is caused not through any fault of her own, but by the jealousy of her Muslim lover and the intolerance of her fellow Christians. Zaïre was notably revived in 1874 with Sarah Bernhardt in the title role, and it was the only one of Voltaire's plays to be performed by the Comédie française during the 20th century. The play was widely performed in Britain well into the 19th century in an English adaptation by Aaron Hill and was the inspiration for at least thirteen operas.

Plot, characters, and themes

Zaïre was the first successful French tragedy to include French characters. Voltaire ostensibly set the play in the "Epoch of Saint Louis". However, the plot and characters are largely fiction. The historical characters alluded to, members of the Lusignan and Châtillon families, were related to events of the Crusades but not alive at the time of Louis IX. Although some Anglophone writers, most notably Aaron Hill and Thomas Lounsbury, have tended to emphasise the plot similarities between Zaïre and Shakespeare's Othello, the resemblance is only superficial.
Voltaire's play tells the story of Zaïre (Zara), a Christian slave who had been captured as a baby when Cesarea was sacked by the Muslim armies. She and another captured Christian child, Nérestan, were raised in the palace of Orosmane (Osman), the Sultan of Jerusalem. The play opens two years after Nérestan had been granted permission by Osman to return to France to raise a ransom for the other Christian slaves. In his absence, Zaïre and the Sultan have fallen in love. Nérestan returns with the ransom on their wedding day. Although Zaïre does not wish to be released herself, she escorts the elderly Christian prisoner, Lusignan, to the camp of Nérestan and his knights. Lusignan, a descendant of the Christian princes of Jerusalem, recognizes the cross that had been given to Zaïre as a baby and realizes that she and Nérestan are his lost children. Zaïre's brother and father are now horrified at the idea that she will marry a Muslim and adopt his religion. They make her promise to be baptized that night and keep it secret from her future husband until the knights and the freed slaves have departed. Orosmane, already suspicious that Zaïre has asked him to delay their wedding, intercepts a letter from Nérestan with instructions for meeting him and the priest for her baptism. The Sultan believes that she is planning an assignation with her lover and goes to the appointed place himself. He has Nérestan seized and stabs Zaïre to death with his dagger. When he learns the truth, he is overcome with remorse and commits suicide with the same dagger.

In addition to the chief protagonists, the other characters in the play are: Fatime, (Fatima) a slave girl and friend to Zaïre; Châtillon, a French knight; Corasmin and Mélédor, officers of the Sultan; and an unnamed slave. Several writers have noted Voltaire's personal affinity with the character of Zaïre's father Lusignan, who like Voltaire had suffered imprisonment and exile. Voltaire played the role himself when Zaïre was revived in Madame de Fontaine-Martel's private theatre shortly after its premiere run in Paris, and continued to play it in many private performances over the years. One contemporary account of his portrayal of the character described it as having an "intensity bordering on frenzy". Voltaire's secretary, Jean-Louis Wagnière, recalled:

One day Zaïre was acted in his house, and he was Lusignan. At the moment of recognition [of his daughter], he burst into such a flood of tears that he forgot his part, and the prompter, who was weeping also, could not give him the reply. On this, he composed, on the spot, half a dozen verses, quite new, and very fine.

Background and performance history

Disappointed with the relative failure of his tragedy, Eriphyle, in March 1732, Voltaire began writing Zaïre in response to critics who had reproached him for not having love stories as the centrepieces of his plays. He completed Zaïre in three weeks, and it premiered on 13 August 1732 performed by the Comédie française at the Théâtre de la rue des Fossés Saint-Germain. The original actors in the play were Quinault-Dufresne as Orosmane, Charles-François Grandval as Nérestan, Pierre-Claude Sarrazin as Lusignan, and Jeanne-Catherine Gaussin as Zaïre. Its reception on the opening night was mixed, but once Voltaire made slight revisions to the play and the cast settled into their roles, it became a great success and was performed 31 times that year alone. Voltaire was also invited to the French court for six weeks where the play was performed before King Louis XV and the Queen consort. Zaïre went on to become one of the most popular of Voltaire's stage works in France. It was notably revived in 1874 with Sarah Bernhardt in the title role, and it was the only one of Voltaire's plays to be performed by the Comédie française during the 20th century. For Voltaire himself, the play was a turning point. Now convinced of the possibilities of dramas with a central love story, he began his Adélaïde du Guesclin with a plot even more dominated by love than Zaïre had been. His later plays, Alzire (1736) and Tancrède (1760) likewise feature passionate lovers. Zaïre also marked a turning away from tragedies caused by a fatal flaw in the protagonist's character to ones based on pathos. The tragic fate of its heroine is caused not through any fault of her own, but by the jealousy of her Muslim lover and the intolerance of her fellow Christians. The published version of Zaïre contains two lengthy dedications by Voltaire. The first is to Everard Fawkener who had befriended Voltaire during his exile in England and the second to Jeanne-Catherine Gaussin, to whom Voltaire attributed much of the play's success.

Zaïre was soon translated into English by Aaron Hill as Zara: A Tragedy. Following its successful run at London's Drury Lane Theatre in 1736, Zara became the most frequently staged English adaptation of a Voltaire play. Famous English actresses who have played the title role include Susannah Maria Cibber, who made her stage debut in the 1736 Drury Lane production, Sarah Siddons, and Elizabeth Younge. The first known professional performance of the play in the American Colonies was in Philadelphia on 26 December 1768, performed by the Hallam Company using the Aaron Hill version. The company took the play to New York City in 1769 and after the end of the Revolutionary War sporadically revived it there and in Philadelphia. The first professional performances after the hostilities ended were given in Baltimore in April 1782 by the Thomas Wall Company. Although the professional theatres were closed during the War, the play proved popular with the British Army. General Burgoyne, himself a playwright, produced Zara with military actors in British-occupied Boston in 1775 and four times in occupied New York between 1780 and 1781.

Zaïre has been the inspiration for at least thirteen operas. One of the earliest operatic adaptations was Peter Winter's Zaire which premiered in 1805 at The King's Theatre in London with the famous Italian contralto, Giuseppina Grassini, in the title role. Bellini's 1829 Zaira, also based on the play, was expressly written for the inauguration of the Teatro Regio di Parma. A failure at its premiere, it has rarely been performed since. Johann Andreas Schachtner's libretto for Mozart's unfinished opera Zaïde, was directly based on a 1778 singspiel, The Seraglio, or The Unexpected Reunion of Father, Daughter and Son in Slavery. However, both appear to have been significantly influenced by the plot and themes of Zaïre which had been performed in Salzburg as late as 1777.

Notes and references

Sources
 Bungener, Laurence Louis Félix, Voltaire and his Times, T. Constable and Co., 1854
 Carlson, Marvin A., Voltaire and the Theatre of the Eighteenth Century, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998.

 Desnoiresterres, Gustave, Voltaire et la société au XVIIIe siècle, Didier et Compagnie, 1867 (in French)
 Gerrard, Christine, Aaron Hill: The Muses' Projector, 1685-1750, Oxford University Press, 2003.
 Gutman, Robert W., Mozart: A Cultural Biography, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001.
 Lounsbury, Thomas R., Shakespeare and Voltaire, D. Nutt, 1902
 North American Review, "Influence Of English Literature Upon The French", Vol. 86, No. 179, April 1858
 Pike, Robert E., "Fact and Fiction in Zaïre", Proceedings of the Modern Language Association of America, Vol. 51, No. 2 (June 1936), pp. 436–439
 "Philo", "The Anecdote Gallery: Voltaire", The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol 12, No. 324, 26 July 1828, pp. 62–64
 Porterfield, Jason, Voltaire: Champion of the French Enlightenment, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2005.
 Richards, Jeffrey H., Drama, Theatre, and Identity in the American New Republic, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
 Stafford, William C., A History of Music, Constable & Co., 1830
 Voltaire, Oeuvres complètes de M. de Voltaire, Volume 2, Sanson et Compagnie, 1791 (in French)
 Weber, Caroline, "Voltaire's Zaïre: Fantasies of Infidelity, Ideologies of Faith", South Central Review, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Summer, 2004), pp. 42–62

External links

 Voltaire's Zaïre, full text in French, with introduction, notes and scene summaries in English
 Zara: A Tragedy, full text of the English translation by Aaron Hill
 performances of Zaïre on CESAR

1732 plays
Plays by Voltaire
Works about the Crusades
Plays about slavery
French-language plays
Tragedy plays


Michael Beecher (8 April 1674 – 1726) was an Irish politician.

Born at Aughadown in County Cork, he was the son of Colonel Thomas Beecher and his wife Elizabeth Turner, daughter of Henry Turner. Beecher was educated at the Trinity College, Dublin and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1695. Between 1713 and 1727, he sat in the Irish House of Commons for Baltimore, the same constituency his father had represented before. Beecher was married to Peniel Gates. in 1698. His will was proved 8 September 1726.

Although the surname was spelt Becher by the family, the version today used is Beecher.

References

1673 births
1726 deaths
Irish MPs 1713–1714
Irish MPs 1715–1727
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Cork constituencies


Michael Beecher may refer to:

Michael Beecher (politician) (1673–1726), Irish MP for Baltimore
Michael Beecher (actor) (1939–1993), Australian actor and model


Lucien Troupel (11 January 1919-19 May 1993) was a French football player and manager. He played as a striker for Marseille, Brive, EF Marseille-Provence and Besançon. He coached Toulon, Cannes, Lyon, Marseille, Sedan, Bataillon Joinville, France (military team) and Châteauroux.

References

External links
Player profile
Manager profile

1919 births
1993 deaths
French men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Olympique de Marseille players
Racing Besançon players
French football managers
SC Toulon managers
AS Cannes managers
Olympique Lyonnais managers
Olympique de Marseille managers
LB Châteauroux managers
ESA Brive players
Footballers from Paris


Martin Mortensen (May 29, 1872 – March 12, 1953) was a Danish-born American professor who headed of the Department of Dairy Industry at Iowa State College in Ames, Iowa.

Early life and education
Martin Mortensen was born on North Jutlandic Island in Sindal, Denmark. He was the son of Peder Christian Mortensen (1821–1902) and Juliane Marie (née Larsen) Mortensen (1827–1904). He completed a three-year course at the Royal Teachers Seminary and then emigrated to the United States in 1893. After working in and managing dairies in the Midwest and on the Pacific Coast, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in agriculture at Iowa State College (1908) and a LLD (1934) from Kansas State College.

Career
Mortensen became head of the Dairy Industry Department at Iowa State College in 1909 until 1938, and remained as a professor until 1953. He authored text books and also bulletins on dairy research. He was the past president, vice-president and secretary-treasurer of the American Dairy Science Association.

Personal life
He married Amelia Christensen (1878–1945) of Royal, Iowa, and had two children. In 1927, he was made a knight of the Order of the Dannebrog and in 1950 received the Commander's Cross of the Order of Dannebrog.

Selected works
Management of Dairy Plants (Macmillan; 1921)

References

External links
Portrait of Martin Mortensen (1933)
Mortensen House at South Helser Hall
Mortensen Road, Parkway in Ames, Iowa

Iowa State University faculty
Danish emigrants to the United States
1872 births
1953 deaths
Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog
People from Hjørring Municipality


SmithStreet (SmithStreetSolutions (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.) () is a strategy consulting firm headquartered in Shanghai, China.  The firm specializes in China market entry and growth strategy and syndicated market research.

Company History
The firm was founded in 2007 as a graphics and translation vendor and in 2009 was named in the top 20 global Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO) vendors. Since the end of 2008, the firm has focused on corporate strategy consulting. In 2018, the company re-branded, launching a new website and new logo.

Corporate sponsorships
In 2007, SmithStreet partnered with the Joint US-China Collaboration on Clean Energy (JUCCCE), providing knowledge support services.

SmithStreet is also a supporter of Shanghai Roots & Shoots, an organization which educates youth about environmental issues and humanitarian values.

In April 2009, SmithStreet sponsored the 5th China Institute Executive Summit held in Beijing.

Awards and recognition
In October 2014, SmithStreet report "Building Against Reality: Navigating China's Real Estate Inefficiencies" was the subject of an article in Women's Wear Daily.

In 2013, one of SmithStreet's projects was selected as Finalist case in The Economist Healthcare in Asia Conference 2013.

In 2010, the company received the Outstanding Business Application Prize for Digital Media Merit Award Asia, during DEVNET at World Expo 2010 Shanghai, China.

References

Management consulting firms of China
Strategy consulting firms


Graham Charles 'Moose' Hunnibell (born 2 January 1955) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He also had a noted career in Tasmania, where he played at North Launceston, New Norfolk and Clarence.

Hunnibell, who was a ruckman, first appeared with Melbourne in the 1978 VFL season. He had been a NTFA representative back in Tasmania and kicked one of his two career goals on debut, in a win over Geelong at Waverley Park, where Neville Bruns was also debuting. After two further seasons at Melbourne, spent mostly in the reserves, Hunnibell returned to Tasmania.

Back at his original club, North Launceston, in 1981, Hunnibell won his second club 'Best and Fairest' award that year as well as appearing their premiership team, as he had in 1975. The following season he crossed to New Norfolk and played in another premiership side and he also won the first of three 'Best and Fairest' awards, with the others coming as captain-coach in 1984 and 1985. He had his best season in 1985 when he won the William Leitch Medal, to go with the Lefroy Medal which he won three years earlier. The ruckman finished his career at Clarence and took home their 'Best and Fairest' award in 1989, meaning that he had been a club champion at three separate clubs.

A 17 time Tasmanian interstate representative, Hunnibell was inducted into the Tasmanian Football Hall of Fame in 2006.

References

Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

1955 births
Living people
Melbourne Football Club players
Clarence Football Club players
Clarence Football Club coaches
New Norfolk Football Club players
New Norfolk Football Club coaches
North Launceston Football Club players
Tasmanian State of Origin players
William Leitch Medal winners
Australian rules footballers from Tasmania
Tasmanian Football Hall of Fame inductees


The Berliner Lebensqualitätsprofil (BELP) is an assessment of subjective quality of life. It is the German version of
the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile.

In this test the subjective quality of life is rated as satisfaction in general and in different areas; social-relations, leisure, work, finances, living situation, family and security.

There is also a short version of this test, the BELP-KF.

References
The paper written on the test:

Papers on the original Lancashire Quality of Life profile:

Psychological tests and scales


Surkhrud is a village in eastern Afghanistan in Nangarhar Province. Located at the west side of Jalalabad, near the Kabul River and the highway between Jalalabad and Kabul.

Opium poppy was grown in Surkrud in the past, but stopped when it was outlawed by the Taliban.  Currently main crops there are wheat, corn and rice.

See also
Nangarhar Province

References

Populated places in Nangarhar Province


VERMEG is an international software group operating across several lines of B2B services: pensions & insurance, wealth & asset management, financial & security markets and Digital Financial Services. The company develops software used across the private banking sector, consumer finance, asset management companies, Central banks, insurance and other financial services providers covering insurance policy administration, asset portfolio management, regulatory reporting, collateral management, post-trade processing, low code application development, business process management and risk management.

The company was formed in 1993 by Badreddine Ouali and has headquarters in Amsterdam.

History
VERMEG was founded in 1993 in Tunisia, initially under the name of BFI and was spun off from BFI in 2002. Its headquarters are now in Amsterdam and it has offices globally, including North America, Latin America, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, UK, Singapore and Tunisia.

In 2017, Crédit Mutuel Arkéa acquired 19.5% stake in VERMEG.

Acquisition
VERMEG has expanded both organically and via strategic acquisitions over the years:
 In 2011, the firm acquired the regulatory reporting business of Sofgen. The main part of the business acquired, which in the past was known in the US regulatory market as IDOM USA, is the United States and Canada regulatory reporting product REG-Reporter
 In 2014, VERMEG acquired the Belgium-based firm BSB, which specialized in financial software for insurance and private banking.
 In 2018, the firm acquired Lombard Risk, an international provider of software for risk management, regulatory reporting and collateral management

Products
VERMEG provides across several financial sectors including asset management, Central banking, retail banking, consumer finance, investment banking, regulatory reporting, pensions and insurance with over 400 clients worldwide including some of the world's largest financial institutions.

Among VERMEGs Solutions are:
 MEGARA: Asset Management Solution covering Settlement, Fund Administration, Corporate Actions and Collateral Management for Central Banks.
 COLLINE: Collateral management Solution for Investment Banking.
 AGILE Reporter: Regulatory Reporting Solution.
 SOLIFE: Life insurance Policy Contract Management Administration System
 SOLIAM: Wealth Management and Private Banking Portfolio Administration System.
 MASSAI: "Non-Life" Insurance Solution containing the following modules: product, policy, claim and accounting.

VERMEG also offers a low code application development platforms:
 Veggo : Open Architecture Low Code Application Development platform and Components Marketplace
 Magikforms  : No code, drag and drop form builder for insurance and banking.

Awards and certifications

Awards
 AGILE Reporter: Best Regulation Reporting Solution for 2018.
 Central Banking Awards: Risk Management Technology Provider of the Year 2019.
 Grant Thornton: Best Regulatory Reporting Management Solution 2019.
 Custody Risk Global Awards: Collateral Platform Provider of the year 2017.
 Operational Risk & Regulation Awards: Best Regulatory Reporting Platform/Service 2015.

Certifications
 ISO certification for Management and Security of Information.
 United Nations Global Compact.
 Best Place to Work for LGBTQ Equality in 2019.
 Certified Application for Collateral Management, Corporate Actions and Securities Settlement in 2019
 Singapore Fintech Association.

References

External links
Vermeg Acquires Lombard Risk To Create Global Financial Software Leader

1994 establishments in Tunisia
Companies established in 1994
Companies of Tunisia
Organisations based in Tunis
Economy of Tunis


Cheshire East Council is the local authority of the Borough of Cheshire East, Cheshire, England. It is a unitary authority, having the powers of a non-metropolitan county and district council combined. It provides a full range of local government services including Council Tax billing, libraries, social services, processing planning applications, waste collection and disposal, and it is a local education authority. The council was first elected on 1 May 2008, a year before coming into its powers on 1 April 2009. After an election in May 2019, no party holds overall control. The civil parish of Sandbach hosts the administrative headquarters for the council.

Powers and functions
The local authority derives its powers and functions from the Local Government Act 1972 and subsequent legislation. For the purposes of local government, Cheshire East is within a non-metropolitan area of England. As a unitary authority, Cheshire East Council has the powers and functions of both a non-metropolitan county and district council combined. In its capacity as a district council it is a billing authority collecting Council Tax and business rates, it processes local planning applications, it is responsible for housing, waste collection and environmental health. In its capacity as a county council it is a local education authority, responsible for social services, libraries and waste disposal.

Political control

Until May 2019 the council was controlled by the Conservatives. At the 2019 elections the council was left under no overall control. On 22 May 2019, the newly elected councillors met for the first time and elected Labour's Sam Corcoran as leader, after the party came to an agreement with independent councillors.

Premises
The council's main administrative offices are at Westfields on Middlewich Road in Sandbach. The building was opened in 2008 as the headquarters of the former Congleton Borough Council, one of Cheshire East's predecessors. Council and committee meetings are held at various venues across the borough, including Crewe Municipal Buildings, Macclesfield Town Hall, and Sandbach Town Hall.

Police investigations
Cheshire East Council has been the subject of a number of police investigations.  At one point there were seven investigations, four of which are outlined below:

 Investigation into (former) Leader of the Council (Michael Jones) illegally awarding a contract to a friend (Amanda Moris of Core Fit) – launched 2015, dropped 2020 because of lack of evidence
 Investigation into a grant to Berkeley Academy in Wistaston for £70,000 awarded outside of contract rules – dropped because of insufficient evidence
 An investigation into allegations of manipulation of air pollution data – dropped
 Land transfer for the ANSA Waste Management Facility in Middlewich – dropped.

References

Leader and cabinet executives
Unitary authority councils of England
Local education authorities in England
Local authorities in Cheshire
Billing authorities in England
2009 establishments in England
Borough of Cheshire East


Dulacca is a rural town and locality in the Western Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , the locality of Dulacca had a population of 191 people.

Geography
Dulacca is on the Darling Downs,  north west of the state capital, Brisbane. The Warrego Highway traverses from east to west through the locality, passing through the town. The Western railway line also traverses from east to west immediately south and parallel to the highway with the town being served by Dulacca railway station.

Dulacca Creek flows through the locality from the town to the south, eventually being a tributary to the Balonne River.

History

The name Dulacca is believed to be derived from the Aboriginal word doolucah meaning emu nest.

Dulacca Post Office opened on 3 March 1879.

Dulacca State School opened on 1 March 1909.

The Dulacca Presbyterian Church opened in 1910, constructed from local cypress pine. After its closure the property passed into private hands. In 1977 the church building was donated and relocated to the Miles Historical Village on the condition was not used for church services.

Rainville State School opened on 29 April 1912 but closed in 1917 due to low student numbers. It reopened in 1918 but closed again on 25 February 1921. On 6 April 1925 it reopened as Dulucca South State School but closed in 1930 before reopening again in 1933. It closed permanently on 30 December 1946.

Dulacca North State School opened on 28 January 1919, closing in 1936 due to low student numbers. It reopened in 1941 and closed permanently in 1953.

The Dulacca War Memorial was dedicated on 3 December 1921.

On 11 November 1951 the Roman Catholic Bishop of Toowoomba Joseph Basil Roper blessed and opened the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

St James The Less Anglican church was dedicated on 24 May 1958 by the Right Revd. David Hand, Assistant Bishop of the Diocese of New Guinea. It was at 5 Temple Street (). Its closure on 29 August 2015 was approved by Bishop Cameron Venables. It was sold into private ownership for $27,500  in April 2018.

At the  Dulacca had a population of 249.

In the , the locality of Dulacca had a population of 191 people.

Education
Dulacca State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls on the north-east corner of North Road and Glynn Avenue (). In 2016, the school had an enrolment of 24 students with 3 teachers (2 full-time equivalent) and 5 non-teaching staff (2 full-time equivalent). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 23 students with 4 teachers (2 full-time equivalent) and 4 non-teaching staff (2 full-time equivalent).

There is no secondary school in Dulacca. The nearest secondary school is Miles State High School in Miles to the east.

Facilities
Dulacca Police Station is at 15 Glynn Avenue at the corner with Killarney Street ().

Dulacca Fire Station is at 28 Glynn Avenue () immediately adjacent to the Dulacca SES Facility ().

Amenities

Dulacca Country Golf Club is a 9-hole golf course at 89 Dulacca Golf Club Road ().

Dulacca Pioneers Memorial Hall is at 36 Glynn Avenue (). It is operated by the Dulacca Pioneers Memorial Hall And Progress Association. The Dulacca Post Office operates within the hall. The Dulacca War Memorial (a digger statue) is in its grounds ().

The Catholic Church of the Assumption is at 39 Bell Street (on the north-west corner with Jubilee Avenue, ).

The Dulacca Presbyterian Church is at 4 Temple Street ().

References

External links

Towns in Queensland
Western Downs Region
Localities in Queensland


The Declaratio Ferdinandei () was a clause in the Peace of Augsburg, signed in 1555 to end conflicts between Catholics and Protestants within the Holy Roman Empire. The Peace created the principle of Cuius regio, eius religio (Latin for "whose realm, his religion"), which meant that the religion of the ruler decided the religion of the inhabitants. The Declaratio Ferdinandei exempted knights and some of the cities under the jurisdiction of an ecclesiastical prince if they had practiced Lutheranism for some time (Lutheranism was the only branch of Protestantism recognized under the Peace). The provision was not publicized as part of the treaty, and was kept secret for almost two decades.

After Catholic victories early in the Thirty Years' War, the Declaratio Ferdinandei was overturned in the Edict of Restitution of 1629, which was part of Ferdinand II's master plan to reconvert the Holy Roman Empire to Catholicism. The overturning of the Declaratio Ferdinandei and other religious persecution helped rekindle the Thirty Years' War, changing it from an internal conflict within the Holy Roman Empire into an international religious war.

References

See also
 Peace of Augsburg
 Reservatum ecclesiasticum

Augsburg
Latin words and phrases
Augsburg
Christianity in the Holy Roman Empire
1555 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1629 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1555 in Christianity
1555 treaties


Handkea utriformis, synonymous with Lycoperdon utriforme, Lycoperdon caelatum or Calvatia utriformis, is a species of the puffball family Lycoperdaceae. A rather large mushroom, it may reach dimensions of up to  broad by  tall. It is commonly known as the mosaic puffball, a reference to the polygonal-shaped segments the outer surface of the fruiting body develops as it matures. Widespread in northern temperate zones, it is found frequently on pastures and sandy heaths, and is edible when young. H. utriformis has antibiotic activity against a number of bacteria, and can bioaccumulate the trace metals copper and zinc to relatively high concentrations.

Taxonomy
This puffball was originally described in 1790 by French botanist Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard as Lycoperdon utriforme, and since then, has been variously placed in the genera Bovista, Lycoperdon, Calvatia, and Utraria. In 1989, German mycologist Hanns Kreisel described the genus Handkea to include species of Calvatia that had distinct microscopic features: Handkea species have a unique type of capillitium (coarse thick-walled hyphae in the gleba), with curvy slits instead of the usual pores. Although accepted by some authors, the genus concept has been rejected by others.

In the past, the species (when it was known as Calvatia utriformis) has been separated into three varieties (C. utriformis var. utriformis, C. utriformis var. hungarica and C. utriformis var. gruberi) based on differences in the ornamentation of the exoperidium (outer tissue layer of the wall, or peridium) and spores. However, a 1997 study of these characters revealed that the three varieties are not clearly demarcated. This study and others suggest that variations in the environmental conditions in which the specimens are grown can affect the development of these characteristics.

Phylogenetic analyses published in 2008 shows that Handkea may be grouped in a clade along with species from several other genera, including Lycoperdon, Vascellum, Morganella, Bovistella, and Calvatia. Published in the same year, another DNA analysis of the structure of ITS2 rDNA transcript confirmed that H. utriformis is closely related to Lycoperdon echinatum.

Description
Like all puffballs, Handkea utriformis has a gasteroid basidiocarp, meaning the spores are produced internally, and are only released as the mature fruiting body ages and dries, or is broken. Young puffballs are typically  across, white, or pale grey-brown; in maturity it may attain dimensions of  broad by  tall. The exoperidum is tomentose—densely covered with a layer of fine matted hairs. The species derives its common name "mosaic puffball" from the mosaic pattern across the top and sides that develops as the fruiting body matures and the outer wall (exoperidium) breaks up into polygonal patches. The underside of the puffball is attached to the ground by a root-like assemblage of hyphae called  a rhizomorph. It is squat in appearance and roughly pear-shaped, not usually taller than it is wide. The flesh (gleba, or spore bearing mass) is white when young, but becomes brown and powdery upon maturity. The upper skin eventually disintegrates weeks or even months after the puffball's appearance, and the brown spores are released into the air; this process is often hastened by rain, or by being trodden on by cattle. Eventually, all that remains is the sterile cup-shaped base, which can sometimes hold water. This feature may have been the source of the specific epithet, as utrarius is Latin for ‘water carrier’.

Microscopic features
The spores of H. utriformis are roughly spherical, smooth, and thick-walled, with a single oil droplet. They have dimensions of 4.5–5.5 µm.

Similar species
A number of puffball species resemble H. utriformis, including Calvatia cyathiformiss, C. booniana, and C. pachyderma. Calvatia cyathiformis has a purple-colored gleba with a smooth exoperidium; C. booniana has an exoperidium that resembles felt or has tufts of soft "hairs" like H. utriformis but does not have any stem and has a capillitium with rounded rather than sinuous pits; C. pachyderma has an exoperidium that is thicker and smoother than H. utriformis.

Distribution and habitat
Handkea utriformis is widespread, and frequent in northern temperate zones. It is found in Europe, continental Asia, Japan, eastern atlantic North America, Mexico, and South Africa. It has also been collected in Chile, and New Zealand. Growing alone or in small groups, it favors sandy open pastures, or heaths, and is often found in coastal regions. It typically fruits in summer through late autumn (July - November in the UK).

Edibility

This fairly large puffball is edible only when the spore bearing flesh is young, and white. It is said to lack texture, and the taste and odor of the young fruiting bodies are described as "not distinctive". A 2007 study of the fatty acid composition of various edible Lycoperdaceae species determined the lipid content of H. utriformis to be quite low, approximately 1.8% (wet weight). The fatty acid content was largely linoleic acid (42.4%), oleic acid (23%), palmitic acid (12.2%), and stearic acid (3.6%); 17 other fatty acids of various chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation contributed to the total fatty acid composition.

Antibiotic activity
A 2005 study of the antimicrobial activity of several Lycoperdaceae revealed that Handkea utriformis has "significantly active" against a number of bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Mycobacterium smegmatis. On the other hand, H. utriformis has low antifungal activity against the species Candida albicans, Rhodotorula rubra, and Kluyveromyces fragilis.

Bioaccumulation
A study of the copper and zinc concentrations in 28 different species of edible mushroom showed that H. utriformis selectively bioaccumulated both copper (251.9 mg of copper per kilogram of mushroom) and zinc (282.1 mg Zn/kg mushroom) to higher levels than all other mushrooms tested. The authors note that although these trace elements are important nutritional requirements for humans, and that H. utriformis may be considered a good source of these elements, it is known that absorption of the elements (bioavailability) from mushrooms is "low due to limited absorption from the small intestine".

References

Lycoperdaceae
Puffballs
Fungi of North America
Fungi of Europe
Fungi of Asia
Fungi of New Zealand
Edible fungi
Fungi described in 1790


Metriocnemus is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Species

M. acutus Sæther, 1995
M. aequalis Johannsen, 1934
M. albolineatus (Meigen, 1818)
M. atratulus (Zetterstedt, 1850)
M. atriclava Kieffer, 1921
M. beringiensis (Cranston & Oliver, 1988)
M. brusti Sæther, 1989
M. calvescens Sæther, 1995
M. carmencitabertarum Langton & Cobo, 1997
M. caudigus Sæther, 1995
M. cavicola Kieffer, 1921
M. corticalis Strenzke, 1950
M. dentipalpus Sæther, 1995
M. edwardsi Jones, 1916
M. eryngiotelmatus, Donato & Paggi, 2005
M. eurynotus (Holmgren, 1883)
M. exilacies Sæther, 1995
M. fuscipes (Meigen, 1818)
M. herbicolus Hardy, 1960
M. hirticollis (Stæger, 1839)
M. hornsbyensis Freeman, 1961
M. hygropetricus (Kieffer, 1911)
M. inopinatus Strenzke, 1950
M. intergerivus Sæther, 1995
M. knabi Coquillett, 1904
M. lacteolus Goetghebuer, 1921
M. longipennis (Holmgren, 1883)
M. obscuripes (Holmgren, 1869)
M. pankratovae Golubeva, 1980
M. perfuscus Malloch, 1934
M. picipes (Meigen, 1818)
M. polaris Kieffer, 1926
M. similis Kieffer, 1922
M. terrester Pagast, 1941
M. tristellus Edwards, 1929
M. ursinus (Holmgren, 1869)
M. wangi Sæther, 1995

References

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe
Taxa named by Frederik Maurits van der Wulp
Nematocera genera


Orthocladius is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Ciolkowo may refer to the following places in Poland:
Ciołkowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Ciółkowo, Masovian Voivodeship


Nanocladius is a genus of non-biting midges of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. Larvae either live commensally on or as parasites of aquatic insects in nymphal stages; hosts include mayflies, stoneflies, dobsonflies, or damselflies. The larvae attach to their hosts by forming silken tubes which they later pupate in. They feed on the hemolymph of their host.

References

Chironomidae
Chironomoidea genera
Nematoceran flies of Europe
Taxa named by Jean-Jacques Kieffer


Fredrik Georg Gade (21 March 1855 – 1 March 1933) was a Norwegian physician.

Personal life
He was born in Bergen as the son of merchant Fredrik Georg Gade (1830–1905) and his wife Ingeborg Wallem (1830–1902). The family originated in Lüneburg; an ancestor had migrated to Norway in the eighteenth century. The name Fredrik Georg was a family tradition. He was the brother of Herman Gerhard Gade, and a first cousin of Fredrik Barbe Wallem, Fredrik Herman Gade and John Allyne Gade.

Gade married twice. His first marriage, to Augusta Smith-Petersen (1858–1936), a daughter of Morten Smith-Petersen, lasted from September 1881 to 1898—she later married Christian Sinding. Secondly, Gade married Louise Kiær (1866–1959) in June 1908. She was a Danish citizen. The couple settled at Heggeli in Vestre Aker.

Gade was a skilled amateur violinist, and played together with composer and conductor Iver Holter while studying. He also befriended cultural and political personalities such as Edvard Grieg, Georg Brandes, Jonas Lie, Alexander Kielland and Christian Michelsen.

Career
Despite the tendency in his family to work in the business life, Gade had an academic career. After finishing his secondary education in 1872, he graduated from the Royal Frederick University with the cand.med. degree in 1880. He was employed at Rikshospitalet, and from 1888 he also worked at the Royal Frederick University. He had the title prosector from 1891. He also held lectures in anatomy at the Bergen Academy of the Arts. In 1900 he had been considered as the replacement of professor Hjalmar Heiberg, but since Gade did not hold a doctorate, the position went to Francis Harbitz. Both candidates delivered a paper as a part of the assessment process; Gade's paper Om patologisk-anatomiske forandringer i vævene af neurotrofisk oprindelse was later considered as a doctor's thesis. Gade received the dr.med. degree later in 1900. He left the university in 1906.

Gade was among the pioneers in microbiology. He stayed in Berlin in 1885 and 1890, where Robert Koch did ground-breaking work in the field. He also visited Carl Friedländer, Carl Weigert, Victor André Cornil, Louis-Antoine Ranvier and Louis-Charles Malassez. In Norway, together with Klaus Hanssen and Hans Juell, he did pioneer work in fighting tuberculosis, leading to the Tuberculosis Act of 1900. In addition, he was one of Norway's first cancer researchers. This endeavor became even more pressing as he lost his son to tuberculosis in 1905. In addition to his academic work, he also wrote popular-scientific books, including 1929's Kreftsykdommene, deres vesen, utbredelse og bekjempelse. En almenfattelig fremstilling. He edited the journal Norsk magasin for lægevidenskaben from 1893 to 1897 and 1912 to 1927, and engaged himself in the public debate, siding with the political liberals of the day.

Gade was decorated as a Commander, Second Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav. The Gade Institute at Haukeland Hospital, a forerunner of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Bergen, is named after him. In 1924 he became an honorary member of the Norse Federation, an organization of which he had been a co-founder and vice chairman from 1907. He was a central board member of the Liberal Left Party from 1921 to 1922. He died in 1933 from bronchial cancer, his wife outliving him by twenty-six years.

References

1855 births
1933 deaths
Physicians from Bergen
University of Oslo alumni
Academic staff of the University of Oslo
Norwegian microbiologists
Free-minded Liberal Party politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians
Deaths from cancer in Norway
Deaths from lung cancer


Psectrocladius is a genus of non-biting midges of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe
Taxa named by Jean-Jacques Kieffer
Nematocera genera


Thienemanniella is a genus of non-biting midges of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe
Taxa named by Jean-Jacques Kieffer
Nematocera genera


Tvetenia is a genus of non-biting midges of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe
Taxa named by Jean-Jacques Kieffer
Nematocera genera


Thienemannia is a genus of non-biting midges of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe
Taxa named by Jean-Jacques Kieffer
Nematocera genera


Trissocladius is a genus of non-biting midges of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe
Taxa named by Jean-Jacques Kieffer
Nematocera genera


Zalutschia is a genus of non-biting midges of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Parakiefferiella is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Paraphaenocladius is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Parorthocladius is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

References

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Synorthocladius is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

References

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Czolna may refer to the following places in Poland:
Czołna, Lublin Voivodeship
Czółna, Lublin Voivodeship
Czółna, Łódź Voivodeship


Maryvale is a rural town and locality in the Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , the locality of Maryvale had a population of 303 people.

Geography

Maryvale is on the Darling Downs on the Cunningham Highway,  south west of the state capital, Brisbane.

Glengallan Creek which rises on the western slopes of the Main Range is a tributary of the Condamine River.  It passes through the locality from east to west.  The creek is a source of irrigated water for terraced crops in the area.  At the southern and northern boundaries of Maryvale, elevations rise to greater than 900  m above sea level.

History
The town's name is derived from a pastoral property name first used about 1847 probably by Patrick Leslie or James Hay.

A pastoral station was selected in the area in about 1840 by John Cameron. However, Cameron found it difficult to transport the wool from their sheep down through Cunninghams Gap to be sold. Therefore, he relocated into the Fassifern Valley in 1842. The pastoral run at Maryvale was sold to Arnold Weinholt in 1848.

In 1911 the Methodist Church and Presbyterian Church jointly established a church in Maryvale, but later it was operated solely by the Methodists.

On 30 September 1911, the Maryvale railway line opened from the Southern railway line to Maryvale railway station (the terminus, ). Originally intended as a segment of a more direct (via recta) railway route from Brisbane to Sydney, the segment from Mount Edwards to Maryvale was never completed and the line remained a local branch line until it closed on 1 November 1960.

Maryvale State School opened on 21 April 1913.

Maryvale Post Office opened by March 1914 (a receiving office had been open from 1913) and closed in 1981.

On Monday 8 September 1924 the Reverend William Powning Glover placed the first stump into position for the construction of an Anglican Church on the site of the original Maryvale homestead built by Arnold Weinholt. It was considered an appropriate location as Canon Glennie, the first Anglican priest on the Darling Downs, had conducted services at the homestead. Glover announced the church would be dedicated to St Alban. On Sunday 22 February Archbishop Gerald Sharp opened and dedicated St Alban's Anglican Church. The church was built on  of ground and the architect was John Shedden Adam of Sydney, the brother-in-law of Reverend Glover.

At the 2011 census, Maryvale and the surrounding area had a population of 350.

In the , the locality of Maryvale had a population of 303 people.

Education
Maryvale State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 81 Taylor Street (). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 14 students with 2 teachers (1 full-time equivalent) and 3 non-teaching staff (1 full-time equivalent).

There is no secondary school in Maryvale. The nearest secondary schools are Allora State School (to Year 10) in Allora to the west and Warwick State High School in Warwick to the south-west.

Amenities

There are a number of parks in the locality, including:

 Maryvale Park ()
 Millarvale Creek Park ()
 Weinholt Street Park ()

The Southern Downs Regional Council operates a mobile library service which visits Maryvale Park in Taylor Street.

St Alban's Anglican Church is at 36 Maryvale Road.

References

External links

Towns in Queensland
Southern Downs Region
Towns in the Darling Downs
Localities in Queensland


Manx Financial Group (MFG) has subsidiaries engaged in financial services based in the Isle of Man and the UK. These companies offer financial services to both retail and commercial customers.

Principal wholly owned subsidiaries: Conister Bank Limited, Edgewater Associates Limited, Conister Card Services Limited, Manx Incahoot Limited and Manx FX Limited

Manx Financial Group PLC is a publicly traded company on the London Stock Exchange with a symbol of (LSE:MFX).

Conister Bank

Conister Bank is an independent bank, named after Conister Rock in Douglas Bay. It was established in the Isle of Man in 1935 as Conister Trust and in 2009 changed its name to Conister Bank. Conister Bank offers both Personal and Commercial Banking, providing a wide variety of financial products and services, including taking deposits and the provision of credit facilities and asset finance.

Conister Bank is wholly owned by Manx Financial Group who has subsidiaries engaged in a suite of financial services based in the Isle of Man and the UK.

Conister Finance & Leasing
Conister Finance & Leasing Ltd (Conister) is the wholesale lending and broker division of Conister Bank Limited (CBL). CBL is an independent bank based in the Isle of Man established in 1935. It is in itself a wholly owned subsidiary of Manx Financial Group PLC who are listed on the London Stock Exchange, AIM (RNS Number: 3730X) and owns a suite of financial services.

Conister lends to small and medium sized businesses (SMEs).

Edgewater Associates
Edgewater Associates Limited is the largest independent Financial Advice firm in the Isle of Man and is regulated by the Financial Services Authority. It offers advice for personal and corporate clients in its specialist areas of wealth management, retirement planning, protection, lending services and general insurance.

Manx FX Limited

References

Financial services companies of the Isle of Man
Financial services companies established in 1935
1935 establishments in the Isle of Man
Companies of the Isle of Man


Olympic Park or Olympic Village is a rectangular football ground located in Heidelberg West on the western fringe of the  City of Banyule, was built for the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne,  Australia.  The park is an established sport and community recreation reserve with a significant history and was once used as a prominent training base for the 1956 Olympic Games. Olympic Park is home to Heidelberg United FC in the National Premier Leagues is now a high-profile soccer and cricket venue which also provides a range of other sport, recreation and open space opportunities.

The adjacent residential area was the athletes village is now known as Olympic Village.

The Olympic Park is also home to Barrbunin Beek, a gathering place for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living in and around Banyule. The increased demand to provide functional and appropriate levels of sport and recreation infrastructure, and the shift towards more informal and casual recreation pursuits,  prompted Council to develop a Master Plan for Olympic Park.

In 2020 the park was renovated to include a football(soccer) field. The original athletics track is still was decomishend as it was in poor condition. The total capacity of the ground is 12,000.

A crowd of 11,372 people turned up to watch the 2015 FFA Cup quarter final match between Heidelberg United and Melbourne City. This was the second highest crowd in FFA Cup history.

References

External links

Shaping Banyule; Olympic Park Master Plan
Heidelberg United FC

Soccer venues in Melbourne
Sports venues in Melbourne
Heidelberg United FC
Sport in the City of Banyule
Buildings and structures in the City of Banyule


Rheocricotopus is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Rheosmittia is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Paralimnophyes is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Das Shadow is a band created by Andrew Phillpott, who is known for co-writing with Christian Eigner and Dave Gahan from Depeche Mode. Das Shadow started as a production/remix project, remixing for Dave Gahan, Yazoo and Veto.

The first track and video "Navigate The Menus" appeared at the end of 2008, to some acclaim.

They signed their first recording contract with Zycos/Sony, with the first single "Navigate The Menus" being released on iTunes on 5 May 2009. The track was remixed by Kap10 Kurt, Filthyboy13 and Raymie Burns. The songwriting was crediting to Phillpott/Eigner.

Das Shadow will be issuing their next release on a new record label, We Collect Enemies, created by Phillpott, Daryl Bamonte and Glen Brady, better known as DJ Wool. It is a separate label to Elsbeere Recordings, which was created by Eigner, Bamonte and Florian Kraemmer.

Their second single, "Slew", was released on 22 March 2010, with the streaming of the music video on their Myspace page a few days earlier. The remixes for this single came from DJ Wool, Jaimie Fanatic and Tobias Enhus. The two singles were re-released by a new label: Music-laden

References

External links
 Official MySpace page
 Official YouTube channel
 Official Facebook page

English hip hop groups
British record producers
Remixers


Parametriocnemus is a genus of non-biting midges, distributed world-wide (except Antarctica), in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the  family (Chironomidae).

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Pseudorthocladius is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Pseudosmittia is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Paracladius is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Paracricotopus is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Paratrichocladius is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Smittia is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

Species
S. albipennis (Goetghebuer, 1921)
S. amoena Caspers, 1985
S. aterrima (Meigen, 1818)
S. brevifurcata (Edwards, 1926)
S. contingens (Walker, 1856)
S. edwardsi Goetghebuer, 1932
S. extrema (Holmgren, 1869)
S. foliacea (Kieffer, 1921)
S. hakusansecunda Sasa & Okazawa, 1994
S. leucopogon (Meigen, 1804)
S. nudipennis (Goetghebuer, 1913)
S. pratorum (Goetghebuer, 1927)
S. superata Goetghebuer, 1939

References

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe
Taxa named by August Holmgren


Thalassosmittia is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Tokunagaia is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


André-Boniface Craig (September 20, 1824 – November 13, 1884) was a physician and political figure in Quebec. He represented Verchères in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to 1871 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu, Lower Canada, the son of André Craig and Marie-Louise Leboeuf. He was admitted to the practice of medicine in 1845 and practised at Sainte-Élisabeth, Contrecoeur, Saint-Antoine and Montreal. In 1857, he married Marie-Césarie Lenoblet Duplessis. Craig was a landowner in the Eastern Townships. He was also an agent for the Equitable Life and International Life insurance companies. He held the chair of internal pathology and clinical medicine at the Montreal School of Medicine and Surgery. Craig was president of the Colonization Society for Verchères County and also served as justice of the peace and commissioner for the trial of small causes. He died in Montreal at the age of 60.

References

Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs
1824 births
1884 deaths
People from Montérégie


Sedis may refer to :

Sedis Bàsquet, a women's basketball team of La Seu d'Urgell, Spain
Sedis, French chain manufacturer owned by Tube Investments of India Limited since 2010


The University Network of the European Capitals of Culture(UNeECC), an international non-profit association, was founded upon the initiative of the University of Pécs in Pécs, Hungary in  by 15 founding members.

UNeECC invites memberships in three different categories:
 Full Membership: universities from cities of the European Capitals of Culture
 Associate Membership: universities from applicant cities
 Supportive Membership: all others, including cities and cultural organizations with parallel interests

The Secretariat of UNEECC is at the University of Pécs in Hungary.

General Assemblies and Annual Conferences
 2007: Sibiu – ’Town and Gown’
 2008: Liverpool – ’ Whose Culture(?)’
 2009: Vilnius – ’Innovation, Creativity and Culture’
 2010: Pécs
 2011: Antwerp
 2012: Maribor
 2013: Marseille Seventh Interdisciplinary Conference of the University Network of the European Capitals of Culture
 2014: Umeå
 2015: Plzeň
 2016: Wrocław

In 2007 the UNeECC GA and Conference was hosted by Lucian Blaga University in Sibiu. The Keynote Speaker of the Conference was Mr. Roger O’Keeffe Principal Administrator, from European Commission Directorate for  Education and Culture.
In 2008 the GA and Annual Conference was organized by Liverpool Hope University and the University of Liverpool. The Keynote Speaker of the Conference was Prince Charles-Louis d’Arenberg.
In 2010, when the European Capital of Culture programme celebrated its 25th anniversary.
The University of Pécs hosted the General Assembly and Annual Conference of UNeECC. We were organizing a joint conference of UNeECC and the Compostela Group of Universities providing a unique platform for scientific collaboration and networking.
In 2011, UNeECC celebrated its 5th year of founding. The Annual Conference was held in Antwerp, Belgium, European Capital of Culture 1993.
In 2012 UNeECC organized its Annual Conference jointly with EMUNI and the University of Maribor in Maribor, Slovenia, European Capital of Culture 2012.
In 2013 UNeECC organized its Annual Conference jointly with Aix-Marseille University and EHESS - School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences  in Marseille, France, European Capital of Culture 2012..

Members
UNeECC currently has 47 members:
KU Leuven (through its Antwerp campus), Antwerp, Belgium
University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
University of Athens, Athen, Greece
Avignon University, Avignon, France
College of Europe, Bruges and Warsaw, Belgium and Poland
ICHEC Brussels Management School, Brussels, Belgium
Vesalius College, Brussels, Belgium
Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
FH Joanneum – University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
Cracow University of Economics, Krakow, Poland
The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, Poland
AGH – University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
University of Applied Sciences Kufstein Tirol, Kufstein, Austria
Université Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
University of Lille 1, Science and Technology, Lille, France
Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, England
University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Madrid, Spain
University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
University of Malta, Msida, Malta
University of Patras, Patras, Greece
University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
Universita degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
Ladislav Sutnar Faculty of Design and Art, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
“Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
School of Architecture – Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Umea University, Umea, Sweden
University of Economics, Varna, Bulgary
Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
Turiba University, Riga, Latvia
UCLouvain (through its FUCaM Mons campus), Mons, Belgium
University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia
Neapolis University of Pafos, Pafos, Cyprus
University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy

See also

References

External links
 UNeECC official website
 European Commission-Culture
 UNeECC is 'unique'
 Liverpool Hope University hosts UNeECC Conference 2008
 Annual Conference of UNeECC in Vilnius

Higher education organisations based in Europe
Educational organizations established in 2006


Émilie Gex-Fabry (born 21 May 1986) is a Swiss ski mountaineer.

Gex-Fabry was born in Vevey. She started ski mountaineering in 1991, and competed first in the 2000 Trophée des Gastlosen event. She has been member of the Swiss team since 2003, and lives in Val-d'Illiez. After several good results in younger age classes, she placed 10th in the "seniors" single race of the 2007 European Championship. She won the Patrouille des Glaciers in 2010 with a time of 7h41, the course record for female teams as of 2018. After 5 years study at the university of Fribourg, she works as biologist/botanist.

Selected results
 2003:
 3rd (cadets), Trophée des Gastlosen
 2004:
 1st, World Championship "cadets" single race
 1st, European Cup Trilogiski "cadets" single race
 1st (juniors filles), Trophée des Gastlosen
 2005:
 2nd, European Championship "juniors" single race
 3rd, European Championship "juniors" vertical race
 1st, European Championship relay young
 2006:
 1st (juniors), Trophée des Gastlosen
 3rd, World Championship "juniors" vertical race
 2007:
 3rd, European Championship "espoir" single race
 2008:
 2nd, World Championship "espoirs" vertical race
 2nd, World Championship "espoirs" long-distance race
 2nd, World Cup race Valerette Altiski
 3rd, World Championship "espoirs" single race
 2009:
 3rd, European Championship "espoirs" single race
 3rd, European Championship "espoirs" vertical race
 4th, World Cup race Tour du Rutor with Gabrielle Magnenat
 2010:
 5th, World Cup race Etna
 1st, Patrouille des Glaciers, new record
 2011:
 4th, World Championship team race (together with Mireille Richard)
 4th, World Championship vertical, total ranking
 6th, World Championship single race
 6th, World Championship vertical race
 8th, World Championship sprint
 2012:
 1st, European Championship relay, together with  Séverine Pont-Combe and Mireille Richard
 3rd, European Championship team, together with Maude Mathys
 5th, European Championship single
 6th, World Championship vertical, combined ranking
 3rd, World Cup race in Etna, vertical race
 4th, World Cup race in Etna, single race
 3rd, World Cup race in Tromso, sprint race
 4th, World Cup race in Tromso, single race
 5th, World Cup overall
 2013:
 3rd, World Championship team, together with Maude Mathys
 3rd, World Championship relay, with Maude Mathys and Mireille Richard
 3rd, World Cup race in Les Marécottes, sprint race
 3rd, World Cup race in Clusone, sprint race
 2nd, World Cup race in Tromso, sprint race
 4th, World Cup race in Tromso, single race
 3rd, World Cup sprint race
 6th, World Cup overall

Patrouille des Glaciers

 2006: 1st on the track Arolla-Verbier, together with Coraly Pernet and Daniela Sigrist
 2008: 1st on the track Arolla-Verbier, together with Mireille Richard and Mireia Miro
 2010: 1st, together with Nathalie Etzensperger and Marie Troillet

Trofeo Mezzalama

 2011: 4th, together with Gabrielle Magnenat and Corinne Favre

Pierra Menta

 2013: 3rd, together with Maude Mathys
 2014: 2nd, together with Axelle Mollaret

External links
 Emilie Gex-Fabry at Skimountaineering.org

References

1986 births
Living people
People from Vevey
Swiss female ski mountaineers
Sportspeople from the canton of Vaud


Macropelopia is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae).

Tanypodinae
Diptera of Europe


Geoff Whitton (born 1 February 1942) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Early career
Whitton played his early football at Tasmanian club Sandy Bay and he won a William Leitch Medal while playing for them in 1963. He was then a member of Sandy Bay's 1964 premiership team and represented Tasmania at the 1966 Hobart Carnival. He also polled well in the club Best and Fairest award, winning in 1963 and 1964, and finishing third in 1966.

Melbourne
A ruckman, he spent two seasons at Melbourne but struggled to break into the seniors and could only manage eight appearances.

Return to Sandy Bay
Later on, Whitton turned to coaching and came out of the wilderness to spend a brief but successful stint in 1990 at Sandy Bay in the TFL Statewide League. He took over a struggling Seagull outfit after the mid-season sacking of Shane Williams, taking them to the finals and eventually bowing out to eventual premier Hobart in the First Semi Final after looking particularly dangerous until then. Whitton stood down as coach immediately following that loss and has had no involvement in football since.

References

Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

1942 births
Australian rules footballers from Tasmania
Melbourne Football Club players
Sandy Bay Football Club players
Sandy Bay Football Club coaches
William Leitch Medal winners
Living people


Sarojini Ballah, Lady Jugnauth (commonly known as Lady Sarojini Jugnauth), a former Spouse of the Prime Minister of Mauritius is the widow of Sir Anerood Jugnauth. She previously held the position  from 1982 to 1995 and from 2000 to 2003, most recently from 2014 to 2017. She was the First Lady of Mauritius from 2003 to 2012 when her husband served as President of the country. She is a primary school teacher by profession and is the mother of Shalini Malhotra and Pravind Jugnauth.

She took an active role in social activities being the patron of various charitable organizations and also participates in various political activities in support of her family and party. Over the years, she generally retained a high approval rate as wife of the prime minister. She became a subject of controversy in 1992 when the bank of Mauritius issued a Rs. 20 note with her effigy on it. The inauguration of the note was done by her husband and other members of the government.

Due to various pressure from other political parties and unpopularity of then government, the note was subsequently removed from circulation while prime minister Jugnauth apologized in parliament stating that it was a mistake for which he was terribly sorry. The government collapsed in 1995 after losing the general elections.

Personal life
Sarojini Ballah married Sir Anerood Jugnauth on 18 December 1956. They have two children, Shalini (Mrs Malhotra) and Pravind who is the current Prime Minister. She is the grandmother of five grandchildren that is Anusha, Divya, Sonika, Sonali and Sara.

References

Living people
Mauritian people of Indian descent
Spouses of prime ministers of Mauritius
First ladies and gentlemen of Mauritius
People from Plaines Wilhems District
1938 births
Wives of knights


The Otago Rescue Helicopter trust is an emergency helicopter service covering the lower South Island area of New Zealand, used for accident and medical air ambulance missions, and search and rescue. , the service operates a MBB/Kawasaki BK 117 B-2 helicopter, with two other BK 117s as backup to the primary rescue helicopter. It is run by a charitable trust formed in 1998, with major sponsor the Otago Regional Council. Based at Taieri Aerodrome near Mosgiel, it covers 25 percent of the country's land area. Retrieval missions typically transport patients to Dunedin Hospital, and the service works in cooperation with New Zealand's main ambulance provider, St John New Zealand. Around 400 missions and 600 flying hours are undertaken each year.

History
The organisation was set up in August 1997 and formed into a trust in the following years. Co-founders were Michael Coburn and Ross Black, with Black being the chairman of the trust until his retirement in March 2019.

Equipment
From 2001 to the present, the service operates a single Eurocopter EC 145 (ZK-IWD), an Airbus MBB-BK117 D2 ZK-IDH which is brand new as of jan 2019 (AIR 6) and five twin-engine BK 117 B-2 helicopter, registrations ZK-IWG (Air 1), ZK-HUP (Air 2), ZK-IME (Air 3), ZK-HJK (Air 4), ZK-IWL (Air 5)  The helicopter can carry two stretcher patients, cruises at , and has a range of  or  with optional fuel tanks. Some of the BK117 aircraft are fitted with a  winch (HUP, sometimes IWG), a 30 million candlepower searchlight, and a neonatal intensive-care incubator. On board the crew has night vision goggles, dual GPS, satellite phone and a range of communications equipment. ZK-IWG, HUP and IWD are all capable of IFR flight.

Notable missions
 11 May 2003 – The boat Time Out capsizes and sinks  off the coast near Oamaru, putting five men into the approximately  water. The boat owner activated an EPIRB beacon, allowing the helicopter to fly directly to the site using direction-finding equipment. It recovered two survivors suffering hypothermia, and the body of a third man. One of the helicopter crew then radioed a mayday call to shipping for the two other men, who were later presumed drowned.
 25 January 2009 – The Otago Regional Rescue Helicopter together with a Southern Lakes helicopter achieve one of New Zealand's longest-range helicopter rescues, retrieving an injured crewman from the passenger liner MS Bremen about  south of Invercargill. The Otago Daily Times reported the helicopter having a range of about , dependent on conditions.

Funding
The Otago Rescue Helicopter Trust was founded in 1998 to meet the cost of running the service, and funded the construction of the helipad on the roof of Dunedin Public Hospital. Operational funding is on a per call basis depending on the nature of the mission – the Accident Compensation Corporation for accidents, hospitals for inter-hospital transfers and the New Zealand Police for search and rescue. The service needs an additional NZ$400,000 – 500,000 annually, since 2008 the Otago Regional Council provides $250,000 per year. From 2002 until April 2008, the Lion Foundation sponsored the service.

See also
 Emergency medical services in New Zealand
 Westpac Rescue Helicopter (New Zealand)

References

External links

 Official website
 Helicopters Otago – Air Ambulance history

Air ambulance services in New Zealand
Charities based in New Zealand
Otago
1997 establishments in New Zealand
Organizations established in 1997


Stadion  is a multilingual academic journal covering the history of sport. The editors-in-chief are Manfred Lämmer, Thierry Terret, and Maureen Smith (German Sport University Cologne).

External links

History journals
Academic journals established in 1975
Multilingual journals
Biannual journals
Sports mass media in Germany


The type 955 triode "acorn tube"  is a small triode  thermionic valve (vacuum tube in USA) designed primarily to operate at high frequency. Although data books specify an upper limit of 400–600 MHz, some circuits may obtain gain up to about 900 MHz. Interelectrode capacitances and Miller capacitances are minimized by the small dimensions of the device and the widely separated pins. The connecting pins are placed around the periphery of the bulb and project radially outward: this maintains short internal leads with low inductance, an important property allowing operation at high frequency. The pins fit a special socket fabricated as a ceramic ring in which the valve itself occupies the central space.  The 955 was developed by RCA and was commercially available in 1935.

The 955 is one of about a dozen types of "acorn valve", so called because their size and shape is similar to the acorn (nut of the oak tree), introduced starting in 1935 and designed to work in the VHF range. The 954 and 956 types are sharp and remote cut-off pentodes, respectively, both also with indirect 6.3 V, 150 mA heaters. Types 957, 958 and 959 are for portable equipment and have 1.25 V NiCd battery heaters. The 957 is a medium-μ signal triode, the 958 is a transmitting triode with dual, paralleled filaments for increased emission, and the 959 is a sharp cut-off pentode like the 954. The 957 and 959 draw 50 mA heater current, the 958 twice as much. In 1942, the 958A with tightened emission specs was introduced after it turned out that 958s with excessively high emission kept working after the filament power was turned off, the filament still sufficiently heating on the anode current alone.

Pin connections

When viewing the device from above (the end without the exhaust tip), the pins are arranged in a group of three and a group of two, starting with the centre pin in the group of three and going in a clockwise direction, the pins are cathode, heater, grid, anode, heater.

Ratings
The 955 is an indirectly heated triode with heater electrically isolated from the cathode. The heater has a 6.3 volt rating, which it shares with many other common thermionic valves/electron tubes, and it draws about 150 mA.

The maximum anode voltage is 250 V, with an anode current of 420 microamperes and anode load 250 kilohm, and the maximum anode current is 4.5 mA at a voltage of 180 V with an anode load of 20 kilohm. The 955 is designed to be used in the frequency range of 60–600 MHz (5-0.5 metres wavelength).
The amplification factor obtained is between 20 and 25 depending on details of the specific stage design and operating voltage.

See also
Micropup

References

Products introduced in 1935
Vacuum tubes
Acorns


Célestin Bergevin (September 7, 1832 – July 17, 1910) was a farmer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Beauharnois in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to 1871 and from 1878 to 1886 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Saint-Timothée, Lower Canada, the son of Pierre Bergevin and Angélique Mercier. Bergevin was mayor of Saint-Clément-de-Beauharnois from 1878 to 1882. He was also a justice of the peace and harbour master for Valleyfield. In 1857, he married Marie Salomae May. Bergevin was defeated by George-Étienne Cartier when he ran for reelection in 1871, also losing by-elections in 1873 and 1875. He was successful in 1878 and 1881 but defeated again in 1886. Bergevin died in Salaberry-de-Valleyfield at the age of 77.

His cousins Achille Bergevin and Arthur Plante, and his uncle Moïse Plante were also elected to represent Beauharnois in the Quebec assembly.

References

1832 births
1910 deaths
Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs
Mayors of places in Quebec
People from Salaberry-de-Valleyfield
Canadian justices of the peace


The Greywing budgerigar mutation is one of approximately 30 mutations affecting the colour of budgerigars.  It is the underlying mutation of the Greywing variety.  When combined with the Clearwing mutation the variety is known as a Full-bodied Greywing.

Appearance
The body colour of the Greywing variety is about half the intensity of the corresponding normal variety, and the wing, head and neck markings are similarly reduced in intensity from black to mid-grey.  The spots are grey and the cheek patches are pale violet.  The tail feathers are grey with a bluish tinge.  The overall effect is a very pleasing combination of pastel shades, particularly so in the blue series.

In comparison to other varieties, the grey markings on a Greywing are of a similar intensity to the brown markings on a Cinnamon, maybe a little deeper, and considerably deeper than those on any Clearwing or Dilute.  The body colour is deeper than most Dilutes, yet much paler than the body colour of Clearwings.

As with Dilutes and Clearwings, there is considerable variation in the depth of body colour and wing markings of Greywings.  Greywings at the paler end of the range correspond with the World Budgerigar Organisation's standard of 50% of the intensity of normal colouring, while those at the darker end approach the depth of colour of normals.  Greywings which are split for Dilute are often slightly paler than pure Greywings.

When pure-breeding (homozygous) Greywings are paired with pure-breeding Clearwings the resulting offspring, known as Full-bodied Greywings, are quite distinct in appearance from both parents.  They have a body colour almost as deep as the corresponding normal variety and with the rich sheen of the Clearwing, but with medium grey markings marginally darker than the parent Greywing.  The tail and flight feathers are like the parent Greywing, but the cheek patches are violet, almost as dark as those of the corresponding normal.

Historical notes

The first breeding of a Greywing in captivity could have been as early as 1875, when the director of Breslau Zoo in Kassel, Germany, bred a budgerigar with a description exactly matching the present-day Greywing Light Green.  This bird died when six months old, and no further birds of this description were reported for more than forty years.

In 1919 Mrs Ransome or Ranson of Wimbledon, London, sent an example of a variety she was breeding to J W Marsden, which she called Jades.  It was later identified as a Greywing green.  She bred this from a 'blue-bred green hen' and a 'badly coloured Yellow cock', so either the Yellow cock was a Greywing and the hen split Greywing, or the bird bred was not a Greywing at all but a deeply suffused Yellow.

G F Hedges established a Greywing strain from birds obtained, it is believed, from the Blanchard aviaries in Toulouse, France.  His first Greywings appeared in 1920.  B Jackson of Bingley in West Yorkshire also obtained Greywings from the same French aviaries in 1923, so it seems likely that Mon A Blanchard was the first to establish the Greywing variety in Europe, although there is an opinion that these might have been Yellows of deep suffusion.

The Greywing variety was gradually established during the 1920s in Germany, France, Great Britain and Australia, although in Australia the appearance of the Clearwing mutation in Greywing stock soon afterwards led to the two mutations intermingling.

In the early 1920s birds of this variety were known variously as Jades, Apple Greens, May Greens or Satinettes in the green series and as Pearls or Silverwings in the blue series.  One of the first tasks of the newly established Colour Committee of the British Budgerigar Society was to sort out this confusion of names, and on their recommendation the standard name 'Greywing' was adopted.

By the late 1920s the Greywing had been recognised by the British Budgerigar Society as a standard variety, and most of the top breeders had stocks.  A Greywing Blue was exhibited at the Crystal Palace show in 1931 by Mrs Mallam of Redhill, Surrey, and won fourth best in show, and at the same show in the following year Ivor I J Symes gained second place with a team of Greywings bred from a pair he had imported from Germany in 1930.

Greywings continued to increase during the 1930s, but the new mutations appearing around that time, such as the Cinnamon, Opaline, Ino, Grey and Clearwing, began to compete for the attention of breeders.  After the war, when stocks were being established again, it was these latter varieties which caught the fanciers' interest, and the Greywing became (and remained) a rare variety bred by only a few specialists.  In 1981 it was reported that no one was known to have a substantial stud of Greywings, although at least three breeders had or wanted Greywings.

Genetics

The Greywing is an autosomal mutation of the dil locus with the symbol dilgw, and so is a member of the multiple allelic series which also includes the Dilute (dild) and Clearwing (dilcw) mutations.  The Greywing allele is recessive to the wild-type, dominant over the Dilute allele and co-dominant with the Clearwing allele.

The effect of the Greywing mutation is fully visible only in a bird which is homozygous for the Greywing allele with the genotype dilgw/dilgw or is heterozygous with the Dilute allele, with genotype dilgw/dild.  The effect is to reduce the number of melanin granules in both the cortical and medullary cells of feather barbs over the whole body by around 50%.

When heterozygous with the wild-type allele with the genotype dil+/dilgw the phenotype is identical to the wild-type Light Green and the bird is known as a Greywing/dilute.

When the Clearwing and Greywing alleles are both present the genotype is dilcw/dilgw and the bird is known as a Full-bodied Greywing.  Both alleles are partially expressed, giving the bird wings like a Greywing and a body coloured like a Clearwing.  A fuller description is given under Appearance above.

Notes

References

External links
 World Budgerigar Organisation (WBO)
 WBO Colour Guide

Budgerigar colour mutations


Ruth Macklin is an American philosopher and retired professor of bioethics.

Education
Ruth Macklin studied philosophy at Cornell University then received Ph.D. in philosophy from Case Western Reserve University.

Career
She is distinguished university professor emerita at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City. She has more than 280 scholarly publications and books on HIV/AIDS, the ethics of human reproduction, the ethics of human subjects in research, health policy, public health ethics, and more. She has been adviser to the World Health Organization, chairperson of a committee at UNAIDS and at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a member of several ethical review committees, an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine, co-chair of the National Advisory Board on Ethics in Reproduction, is a member of  the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, served as president of the International Association of Bioethics, is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of PEPFAR, and was a vice president and member of executive committee, Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), Geneva. Macklin is a fellow of the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution.

Selected bibliography

Books

Journal articles

See also
 American philosophy
 List of American philosophers

References

21st-century American philosophers
Bioethicists
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Cornell University alumni
Hastings Center Fellows
Living people
Albert Einstein College of Medicine faculty
1938 births
Members of the National Academy of Medicine


The Bristol Type 123 was a single-seat, single-engine biplane fighter built to a United Kingdom Air Ministry specification for a four-gun fighter in the early 1930s. Only one was built.

Development
In late 1931 the Air Ministry released Air Ministry specification F.7/30. This was for a four-gun fighter with better high-altitude performance and endurance than current fighters, outstanding climb rate, manoeuvrability and all-round vision combined with a low landing speed. It was made clear that the evaporatively-cooled Rolls-Royce Goshawk was the preferred engine. The best-known outcome of this specification was the crank-winged Supermarine Type 224 monoplane with an open cockpit and fixed undercarriage designed by R.J. Mitchell. Bristol submitted several biplane designs, none of which brought an order for a prototype, but they were invited to offer a private-venture aircraft.

The Bristol Type 123 was the result. Bristol's last biplane, it was of compact, striking appearance and had innovative control features. It was a single-bay biplane with wings of constant chord almost to the tips and heavy stagger. The upper wings were swept and without dihedral, the cantilever lower wings unswept with 6° of dihedral. Both wings carried full-span ailerons. The upper wing also carried full-span slots on the leading edge, arranged in inner and outer groups. The ailerons were linked to interceptors behind the outer slots which rose when the inner slots opened at high angles of attack. As this happened, the ailerons drooped symmetrically. The slot-plus-interceptor combination was intended to prevent a stall turning into a spin and had been tested by Handley Page on a de Havilland Moth and later by Bristol on a Bulldog. Rudder and elevators were horn balanced, the latter carrying trim tabs. The wings, empennage and fuselage behind the cockpit were all fabric covered over a metal structure.

The combination of heavy stagger and a slender nose gave the Type 123 a slightly humpbacked appearance, with the pilot's open cockpit at the top above the centre of the lower wing and well behind the trailing edge of the upper wing. There were pairs of machine guns on either side of the engine. The undercarriage was fixed and almost completely enclosed in forward-thrusting fairings with a cross-axle between the wheels.

The aircraft was powered by a Goshawk III loaned by the Air Ministry, which used condensers in the lower wing leading edge for cooling, coupled to a forward-mounted ventral condenser. Engine cooling problems delayed the first flight, made by Cyril Uwins on 12 June 1934. Testing revealed serious lateral instability that a series of modifications to fin, rudder and the inner slots failed to cure, and which may have been structural. Development was therefore abandoned.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

1930s British fighter aircraft
Type 123
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes


Tanytarsus is a large genus of non-biting midges of the tribe Tanytarsini and subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae). The larvae of these insects occur in a wide range of freshwater habitats with some species being marine.

Species
T. abdominalis Staeger, 1839
T. aberrans Lindeberg, 1970
T. abnormis Lehmann, 1981
T. alatus Paggi, 1992
T. aculeatus Brundin, 1949
T. anderseni Fittkau & Reiss, 1971
T. aquavolans Butler, 2000
T. bathophilus Kieffer, 1911
T. brundini Lindeberg, 1963
T. buchonius Reiss & Fittkau, 1971
T. chinyensis Goetghebuer, 1934
T. cretensis Reiss, 1987
T. curticornis Kieffer, 1911
T. debilis (Meigen, 1830)
T. dibranchius Kieffer, 1926
T. dispar Lindeberg, 1967
T. ejuncidus (Walker, 1856)
T. eminulus (Walker, 1856)
T. excavatus Edwards, 1929
T. fennicus  Lindeberg, 1970
T. fimbriatus Reiss & Fittkau, 1971
T. formosanus Kieffer, 1912
T. gibbosiceps Kieffer, 1922
T. glabrescens Edwards, 1929
T. gracilentus (Holmgren, 1883)
T. gregarius Kieffer, 1909
T. heusdensis Goetghebuer, 1923
T. inaequalis Goetghebuer, 1921
T. innarensis Brundin, 1947
T. lactescens Edwards, 1929
T. lapponicus  Lindeberg, 1970
T. latiforceps Edwards, 1941
T. lestagei Goetghebuer, 1922
T. longitarsis Kieffer, 1911
T. lugens (Kieffer in Thienemann & Kieffer, 1916)
T. mancospinosus Ekrem & Reiss, 1999
T. medius Reiss & Fittkau, 1971
T. mendax Kieffer, 1925
T. micksmithi (Cranston, 2000)
T. miriforceps (Kieffer, 1921)
T. multipunctatus Brundin, 1947
T. nemorosus Edwards, 1929
T. nearcticus Butler, 2000
T. niger Andersen, 1937
T. nigricollis Goetghebuer, 1939
T. norvegicus (Kieffer, 1924)
T. occultus Brundin, 1949
T. oscillans Johannsen, 1932
T. palettaris Vernaux, 1969
T. pallidicornis (Stephens in Walker, 1856)
T. palmeni Lindeberg, 1967
T. pseudolestagei Shilova, 1976
T. quadridentatus Brundin, 1947
T. recurvatus Brundin, 1947
T. reei Na & Bae, 2010
T. seosanensis Ree & Kim, 2003
T. signatus (van der Wulp, 1858)
T. simulans Lindeberg, 1967
T. sinuatus Goetghebuer, 1936
T. smolandicus Brundin, 1947
T. striatulus Lindeberg, 1976
T. sylvaticus (van der Wulp, 1858)
T. telmaticus Lindeberg, 1959
T. tika (Tourenq, 1975)
T. usmaensis Pagast, 1931
T. verralli Goetghebuer, 1928
T. volgensis Miseiko, 1967
T. zimbabwensis Harrison, 2004

References

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe


Darz (; also known as Darz Sāyeh Bān and Darz va Sāyeh Bān) is a village in, and the capital of, Darz and Sayeban Rural District of the Central District of Larestan County, Fars province, Iran.

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 1,357 in 269 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,388 people in 335 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 1,277 people in 373 households.

References

Larestan County

Populated places in Fars Province

Populated places in Larestan County