James "Jim" Beach (born October 28, 1946) is an American Democratic Party politician who has served in the New Jersey Senate since 2009, where he represents the 6th legislative district. He has been the Assistant Majority Leader in the Senate since 2016.

Early life
Beach has earned a B.S. degree in psychology from Midwestern College and a M.A. degree in personnel services from Rowan University. A resident of Voorhees Township, Beach first entered Camden County politics after responding to a 1990 recruitment ad that county Democrats had posted seeking prospective candidates to burnish the party's image and help retain the Democrats' control of county government. Beach showed up at his interview with his tax bill complaining about his taxes, and was described by Freeholder Jeffrey L. Nash as just what the party was seeking in a candidate, "regular people complaining about their taxes". He was elected to the Camden County Board of Chosen Freeholders in 1991, and was named as freeholder director in 1993. Beach was elected as Camden County Clerk in 1995.

New Jersey Senate
He served as county clerk until 2009 until he was appointed to the Senate seat formerly held by John Adler, who had won a seat in the United States House of Representatives. With the endorsement of George Norcross, Beach ran unopposed in the convention. Beach won a November 2009 special election in order to remain in the Senate through the end of Adler's four-year term. Beach saw his salary drop from $153,437 annually as county clerk to $49,000 as state senator, and indicated after his selection to fill the Senate seat that he would seek additional employment to supplement his salary, ensuring that there was no conflict with his position as senator. Beach was soon hired by Camden County College for a part-time job as an advisor, allowing him to collect an annual salary of $10,400 and remain in New Jersey's Public Employee Retirement System, for which county clerks but not state senators are eligible. After critical editorials in The Star-Ledger and the Courier-Post accused Beach of abusing the public pension system, Beach left the Camden County College job. He has served as Assistant Majority Leader since 2014.

Committees
Committee assignments for the current session are:
State Government, Wagering, Tourism & Historic Preservation, Chair
Higher Education, Vice-Chair
Joint Committee on the Public Schools

District 6
Each of the 40 districts in the New Jersey Legislature has one representative in the New Jersey Senate and two members in the New Jersey General Assembly. Each of the 40 districts in the New Jersey Legislature has one representative in the New Jersey Senate and two members in the New Jersey General Assembly. Representatives from the 6th District for the 2022—2023 Legislative Session are:
Senator James Beach (D)
Assemblyman Louis Greenwald (D)
Assemblywoman Pamela Rosen Lampitt (D)

Personal life
Beach had worked as an educator and football coach at schools including both St. Joseph's High School and Woodrow Wilson High School in Camden and Highland Regional High School in Blackwood, and had been  director of vocational education at the Black Horse Pike Regional School District.

Election history

Senate

References

External links
Senator Beach's legislative web page, New Jersey Legislature
New Jersey Legislature financial disclosure forms
2010 2009 2008
Project Vote Smart - James Beach profile

1946 births
Living people
Midwestern College alumni
County commissioners in New Jersey
Democratic Party members of the New Jersey General Assembly
Democratic Party New Jersey state senators
County clerks in New Jersey
People from Voorhees Township, New Jersey
Politicians from Camden County, New Jersey
Rowan University alumni
21st-century American politicians


Babakina caprinsulensis is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch in the family Babakinidae, according to Gosliner T. M., Gonzáles-Duarte M. M. & Cervera J. L. (2007).

It is found in shallow water along part of the coast of North Island, New Zealand.

References

Babakinidae
Gastropods described in 1974


Jacob Kitchline "Guesses" Virtue (March 2, 1865 – February 3, 1943) was a first baseman in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1890 to 1894. He played for the Cleveland Spiders of the National League (NL). During the split-season format played in 1892, he was Cleveland's first baseman when they won the second half of the season but ultimately lost the NL pennant to Boston.

Biography
Born in Philadelphia on March 2, 1865, Virtue debuted in the major leagues with Cleveland in 1890. In The Great Encyclopedia of Nineteenth Century Major League Baseball, Virtue is described as a 5'9" player with excellent defensive skills. However, he also "had a huge failing. He was so short of self-confidence (some in Cleveland were unkind enough to say courage) that an error in the first inning or a strikeout in his first at bat would ruin him for the rest of the game."

In two seasons, 1891 and 1892, Virtue played in more than 100 games. In 1891, Virtue hit 14 triples, fifth best in the NL. Defensively, Virtue led the NL in putouts (1465), but he also led NL first basemen in errors (44). In the split-season format that was trialed in 1892, the Spiders finished fifth in the first half of the season, but they earned first place in the second half. They lost a best-of-nine playoff for the NL pennant, falling to Boston in six games. Virtue hit 20 triples that year, second best in the NL, and he registered 1500 putouts and 26 errors.

In early 1893, The New York Times reported that Virtue might play in Philadelphia that year to replace first baseman Roger Connor; Connor was to be traded to the New York Giants. Connor was sent to New York, but Virtue remained in Cleveland. Though the pitching distance was increased from 55 feet and 6 inches to 60 feet and 6 inches for 1893, Virtue struggled offensively and defensively. A late-season on-field collision in 1892 seemed to have rendered Virtue "gunshy".

He played only 97 games in the 1893 season; player-manager Patsy Tebeau split time with Chippy McGarr at third base and Virtue at first base. The left-hander did appear in games at several positions: first base, outfield, third base, shortstop and even pitcher for five innings of a single game. He played in 29 games in 1894, again split between multiple positions. McGarr played well at third base that year, freeing Tebeau to take over first base full-time from Virtue.

Virtue attempted a comeback with the Louisville Colonels in 1895, but a stroke before spring training forced him to retire. He died in Camden, New Jersey on February 3, 1943. He is buried in Mount Vernon Cemetery in Philadelphia.

References

External links

1865 births
1943 deaths
Major League Baseball first basemen
Cleveland Spiders players
Altoona Mountain Cities players
Burials at Mount Vernon Cemetery (Philadelphia)
Lancaster Ironsides players
Oswego Starchboxes players
Canton Nadjys players
Detroit Wolverines (minor league) players
19th-century baseball players
Baseball players from Philadelphia
Sportspeople from Philadelphia


The Troutman Flag was designed by Joanna Troutman.  Joanna designed the flag when she was 18 years old and living in Georgia.  The flag was white silk, with a five pointed blue star on it, with the words "Liberty or Death" beneath the star.  Some sources say the words read "Texas and Liberty", although the majority seem to favor "Liberty or Death".

Joanna sent the flag with a Georgian Battalion who was headed to help the Texans in their fight for independence from Mexico.  The flag was unfurled over the American Hotel on January 8, 1836, in Velasco.  The original flag was lost/destroyed at battle.

Sources
The Handbook of Texas, The Texas State Historical Association
http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ftr13
Remembering Milledgeville by Hugh T. Harrington (p. 93-94)

Flags of Texas


Thomas Knak is a Danish electronic musician who has also produced work under the name Opiate. He worked with Björk on her Vespertine album and has produced remixes for Bomb the Bass and Coldcut. He also produced original music for the 2003 Danish film Reconstruction.

Discography
Objects for an Ideal Home (1999, April Records/Hobby Industries)
Dub Tractor/Thomas Knak Split EP (2001, City Centre Offices)
Dub Tractor/Thomas Knak Split EP (2001, Goodiepal)
Opto Files (2001, Raster-Noton)
While You Were Sleeping (2002, April Records)
Sometimes (2003, Morr Music)

Composer
Reconstruction (2003) - drama movie by Christoffer Boe
Allegro (2005) - drama movie by Christoffer Boe
Enemies of Happiness (2006) - documentary by Eva Mulvad
A Woman Among Warlords (2008) - documentary by Eva Mulvad

References

External links

 Opiate at Discogs

1973 births
Living people
Danish electronic musicians
Danish film score composers
Morr Music artists
20th-century Danish composers
20th-century Danish male musicians
21st-century Danish composers
21st-century male musicians
Male film score composers
Musicians from Copenhagen


Christopher Alan Clapinski (born August 20, 1971) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) infielder who played for the Florida Marlins in 1999 and 2000.

Biography
A native of Buffalo, New York, Clapinski attended Palm Desert High School and the University of California, Berkeley. In 1990 and 1991, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Wareham Gatemen of the Cape Cod Baseball League.

In 1992, Clapinski signed with the Florida Marlins as an amateur free agent. He made his major league debut for the Marlins in 1999, playing in 36 games for the club that season, and in 34 games for Florida the following season. While playing with the minor league Buffalo Bisons in 2004, Clapinski appeared at every position except for pitcher and catcher.

References

External links
, or Pelota Binaria

1971 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball players from Buffalo, New York
Brevard County Manatees players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
California Golden Bears baseball players
Calgary Cannons players
Caribes de Anzoátegui players
Charlotte Knights players
Florida Marlins players
Gulf Coast Marlins players
Kane County Cougars players
Las Vegas 51s players
Louisville Bats players
Major League Baseball second basemen
Major League Baseball shortstops
Major League Baseball third basemen
Omaha Royals players
Pastora de los Llanos players
Portland Sea Dogs players
Wareham Gatemen players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Palm Desert High School alumni
Baseball players from Riverside County, California


Dan Connolly may refer to:
Dan Connolly (American football) (born 1982), American football player
Dan Connolly (computer scientist)

See also
Daniel W. Connolly (1847–1894), politician


The Royal Spanish Handball Federation (, RFEBM) is the national handball association in Spain.

The Royal Spanish Handball Federation is a member of the European Handball Federation (EHF) and the International Handball Federation (IHF).

The organisation is responsible for the Spain men's national handball team, the Spain women's national handball team, and the Spain national beach handball team. As of 2022, the federation has 860 registered clubs and 98,861 federated players.

Honours

National team

National youth teams

Presidents

References

External links
Official Site

Handball in Spain
Handball
Spain
Organisations based in Spain with royal patronage


Mount Chamberlin may refer to:

 Mount Chamberlin (Alaska) in the Brooks Range, Alaska, USA
 Mount Chamberlin (British Columbia) in Canada
 Mount Chamberlin (California) in California, USA


A graveyard is a cemetery that is attached to a church.

Graveyard may also refer to:

Sports
Eugene E. Stone III Stadium (Columbia, South Carolina), home football pitch of the South Carolina Gamecocks
Olympic Park Stadium (Melbourne) used by the Melbourne Storm rugby league club

Music
Graveyard (band), a Swedish rock/metal band
Graveyard (album), a 2007 album by Graveyard
The Graveyard (album), a 1996 album by King Diamond
"Graveyard (song)", a 2019 song by Halsey from the album Manic

Others
The Graveyard (film), 2006 low-budget horror film
The Graveyard (video game), a 2008 Belgian videogame
Graveyard (game), a game most commonly played by children on the playground, or at parties
Graveyard poets, or Graveyard School, 18th-century English poets
Graveyard Peak, a mountain in California

See also

 (includes many titles of form "The xxx Graveyard" or "xxx graveyard")


Martin C. Sullivan (October 2, 1862 in Lowell, Massachusetts – January 6, 1894 in Lowell, Massachusetts), was a Major League Baseball outfielder. He played all or part of five seasons in the majors, from -, for the Cleveland Spiders, Chicago White Stockings, Boston Beaneaters, and Indianapolis Hoosiers.

External links

1862 births
1894 deaths
Major League Baseball infielders
Cleveland Spiders players
Chicago White Stockings players
Boston Beaneaters players
Indianapolis Hoosiers (NL) players
Baseball players from Lowell, Massachusetts
19th-century baseball players
Boston Blues players


Joseph Callaerts (11 August 1830 – 3 March 1901) was a Belgian organist, carillonneur, composer and music teacher. He was an important member of the Belgian school of organ playing.

Biography
Joseph Callaerts (sometimes referred to as Jozef) was born in 1830 in Antwerp, and spent nearly all of his life in that city. He started learning music when he was a boy, singing in Antwerp's choir of the Cathedral of Our Lady. As a young man, he studied the organ with Jacques-Nicolas Lemmens at the Brussels Royal Conservatoire, and he won the first prize in organ at that institution in 1856.

Starting in 1850, Callaerts served as the organist at the Jesuit College in Antwerp. In 1855 he became the organist at Antwerp Cathedral and in 1863 he became carillonneur of the city of Antwerp. From 1867 on, he taught organ and harmony at the Royal Conservatoire of Antwerp, which had its name changed to the Royal Flemish Conservatoire in 1898. He also gave expert advice in the building of several organs.

Callaerts's compositions include an opera called Le Retour imprévu, a symphony, a piano concerto, an organ concerto, a violin and orchestra concertpiece, chamber music, choral music, songs and many works for solo organ and solo piano.

Selected works
 Stage work
 Opera Le Retour imprévu (Antwerp 1889)
 Orchestral works
 Grande Fantaisie de Concert for organ and orchestra Op. 4
 Symphonic poem Le Retour d'Ulysse
 Symphony (1879)
 Vocal work
 Lentevreugd for two tenor and two bass voices
 Messe, graduel & offertoire for four-part chorus (or soloists) and organ Op. 4
 Mass for soprano, alto, bass and organ Op. 24
 At least 2 other masses
 Cantata Le temps des études (Het studieleven) for solo, chorus (three equal voices), and orchestra, Op. 19
 Chamber music
 Trio in A minor for piano, violin and cello Op. 15 (1882)
 Andante sostenuto for cello or violin and piano Op. 16
 Piano works
 Piano sonata Op. 3
 Impromptu Op. 6
 Caprice Op. 8
 Fantaisie-Barcarolle Op. 11
 Air de Ballade op. 15
 Roosje uit de dalen
 Symphony for piano 4 hands
 Organ works
 Fifteen Improvisations Op. 1
 Grande Fantaisie de Concert Op. 5
 24 pieces for organ in 2 series each with 4 books:
 book I: Pastorale, Méditation, Marche Solennelle Op. 20
 book II: Adoration, Canzone, Sortie Solennelle Op. 21
 book III: Prière, Petite Fantaisie, Marche Nuptiale Op. 22
 book IV: Cantilène, Communion, Toccata et Final Op. 23
 book V: Mélodie, Invocation, Marche de Fête Op. 28
 book VI: Toccata, Offertoire et Duo, Marche Funèbre Op. 29
 book VII: Prière (No. 2), Allegro Giocoso, Marche Triomphale Op. 30
 book VIII: Elégie, Bénediction Nuptiale, Scherzo Op. 31
 Adoration
 Intermezzo in B minor (1898)
 Invocation
 Prayer No. 1 and No. 2
 Solennelle marche
 Tantum ergo
 two sonatas: No. 1 in C minor, No. 2 in A major (posthumously published in 1908)

References

Sources
Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1900), p 98

External links

 Biography at Orgelkunst.be

Belgian classical composers
Belgian male classical composers
Belgian classical organists
Male classical organists
Cathedral organists
Composers for pipe organ
Carillonneurs
Romantic composers
1830 births
1901 deaths
20th-century Belgian male musicians
19th-century Belgian male musicians
19th-century organists


The 1979 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Hordern Pavilion in Sydney, Australia and was part of the 1979 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 15 October through 21 October 1979. First-seeded Vitas Gerulaitis won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Vitas Gerulaitis defeated  Guillermo Vilas 4–6, 6–3, 6–1, 7–6
 It was Gerulaitis' 3rd title of the year and the 22nd of his career.

Doubles

 Rod Frawley /  Francisco González defeated  Vijay Amritraj /  Pat Du Pré by default
 It was Frawley's only title of the year and the 1st of his career. It was González's 2nd title of the year and the 2nd of his career.

References

External links
 ITF tournament edition details

Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships
Australian Indoor Tennis Championships
Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships
Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships, 1979
Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships
Sports competitions in Sydney
Tennis in New South Wales


Doc Cook (1891–1958) was an American jazz bandleader.

Doc Cook may also refer to:
Doc Cook (baseball) (1886–1973), baseball player

See also
Doc Cooke, head men's basketball coach


The John Winthrop Jr. Iron Furnace Site is a historic archaeological site at 61 Crescent Street, Quincy, Massachusetts. The site is called Braintree Furnace in some texts; the West Quincy location at the time of operation was in a part of Braintree, Massachusetts, that later became Quincy. Its importance lies in the fact that it was the first iron blast furnace established in what would become the United States. Furnace Brook, a stream which begins on the eastern slopes of the Blue Hills and meanders for about four miles from southwest to northeast through the middle of Quincy toward Quincy Bay, was named for the  works site.

The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

History
During the 17th century, iron was an used to manufacture a number of indispensable goods, including nails, horseshoes, cookware, tools, and weapons. The production of iron required a complex manufacturing process, which was not available during the early years of the North American colonization. Thus, all of the colonists iron goods had to be imported. As it took at least two months to sail to the nearest foundry, iron goods were very expensive.

John Winthrop the Younger wanted to establish an iron works in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He believed that because the colonies had a cheap and abundant supply of raw materials, an iron works in Massachusetts could produce goods that could be sold profitably in the New England and Chesapeake Colonies as well as in England. In 1639, Winthrop sailed to England to get the capital he needed to fund the project. The Company of Undertakers for the Iron Workes [sic] in New England was founded to finance the venture. Winthrop selected Braintree as the location of the first iron furnace. Construction began in 1644 and was completed in 1645. On October 15, 1645, Winthrop secured the Undertakers an exemption from taxes and a 21-year monopoly on iron production from the Massachusetts General Court.

The Braintree iron furnace, however, was unsuccessful due to a lack of iron ore in the area and an inadequate supply of water to power the machinery. The furnace shut down in 1647, not long after the Saugus Iron Works was completed.

Several workers from the Braintree Furnace would go on to establish iron works in other locations. In the 1650s, James Leonard would help establish the Taunton Iron Works on the Two Mile River in Taunton, Massachusetts. His brother Henry Leonard would return to Saugus for a while before establishing a new works at Rowley in 1668. He would later move to New Jersey with his sons where several other works were built. Ralph Russell, another ironmaster from Braintree moved to Dartmouth where he set up a forge at what became known as Russells Mills, on the Paskamanset River.

Images

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Quincy, Massachusetts

References

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Quincy, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Quincy, Massachusetts
1644 establishments in the Massachusetts Bay Colony


Anne Cofell Saunders is an American television writer and producer.

Career
Anne Cofell Saunders graduated from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and earned an MFA in playwriting from Ohio University.

After teaching English in Japan and backpacking around the world, she started her TV career working on the Fox series 24 as an assistant and head researcher.   On 24, Cofell Saunders wrote her first freelance TV episode. Shortly afterwards, she was hired as a staff writer on SyFy’s series Battlestar Galactica, where she was nominated for a Hugo Award for her episode “Pegasus" and won a Peabody Award. Since then, Cofell Saunders worked as a writer/producer on Chuck and the final two seasons of Smallville.

In 2013, Cofell Saunders won a Saturn Award for her work as Co-Executive Producer on NBC's Revolution, which was named Best Network Television Series. She was Co-Executive Producer on NBC's Timeless, then a Co-Executive Producer on Amazon's new hit show The Boys, and recently, is developing "From Blood and Ash", an adaption of a romantic, fantasy book series for Amazon.  She is attached to Executive Produce and Showrun.

Cofell Saunders resides in Los Angeles with her family.

References

External links

American television producers
American television writers
Living people
American women television writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
American women television producers
21st-century American women


James Patrick Scanlon (born September 23, 1952 in Minneapolis, Minnesota), also known as Pat Scanlon, is a former Major League Baseball third baseman. He played all or part of four seasons in the majors, from  until , for the Montreal Expos and San Diego Padres.

Career
Scanlon was originally drafted by the Expos in 1970 after excelling as a three sport athlete at Benilde High School in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. He was dealt along with Tony Scott and Steve Dunning from the Expos to the St. Louis Cardinals for Bill Greif, Sam Mejías and Ángel Torres on November 8, 1976. All three players coming to St. Louis had spent the 1976 season with the Denver Bears which were led by recently-hired Cardinals manager Vern Rapp. Scanlon batted .308 with 18 home runs and 75 runs batted in (RBI) during that campaign.

After starting the 1977 season in the minor leagues, Scanlon was traded for a second time within a seven-month span, along with John D'Acquisto from the Cardinals to the San Diego Padres for Butch Metzger on May 17, 1977. He returned to the Expos organization in 1978-79, then finished his playing career in the Chicago White Sox farm system in the 1980s.

In 2013, Scanlon was inducted into the first ever class of the Benilde-St. Margaret's Athletic Hall of Fame.

Personal life
Scanlon is currently an Agent for Farmer's Insurance in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. He currently resides in Richfield, Minnesota with his wife Carole. Scanlon and his wife have five children, Jessica, James, Patrick, Sallie, and Joe. He and his youngest son, Joe, are currently business partners operating sports & recreation company, Gear Up Sports. Gear Up Sports specializes in physical education equipment and school athletic gear.

References

External links

1952 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball players from Minnesota
Denver Bears players
Gulf Coast Expos players
Hawaii Islanders players
Iowa Oaks players
Major League Baseball third basemen
Memphis Blues players
Montreal Expos players
New Orleans Pelicans (baseball) players
Québec Carnavals players
San Diego Padres players
Watertown Expos players
West Palm Beach Expos players


St. James' Church (also known as Skinner's Church) was once the official church of the British Viceroy of India in Delhi, India. The building, which was built in 1836 for Colonel James Skinner, is one of the oldest churches in the city. It remains part of the Church of North India  Diocese of Delhi.

During the period of British India, the Viceroy of India attended services at the church until the Cathedral Church of the Redemption was built near the Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib in 1931. St. James' Church is situated near Kashmiri Gate,  at the intersection of Church Road and Lothian Road. The only other church from this era is St. Stephen's Church, near Fatehpuri Market in Old Delhi, which was built in 1867. A bungalow belonging to the influential British India civil servant, William Fraser is behind the church; his remains are also buried in the church's graveyard.

History

Subsequently, he built the edifice at his own expense of 95,000 Rupees, under the design of  Major Robert Smith. The construction started in 1826, and was completed in 1836. The basic design of  Renaissance Revival style  church is on a cruciform plan (Greek Cross), with three porticoed porches, elaborate stained glass windows and a central octagonal dome, similar to that of the Florence Cathedral in  Italy. It was consecrated on 21 November 1836 by the bishop of Calcutta  Daniel Wilson.

John Mitchley Jennings took over the edifice after Skinner.

The  copper ball and cross on the top, which are said to be replica of a church in Venice, were damaged during the 1857 revolt, and were later replaced. A special service was held in 2003, to commemorate 200 years of Skinner's Horse, the cavalry regiment raised by Skinner in 1803. Amongst those present were Margaret Skinner, great great granddaughter-in-law of Skinner, Admiral Sushil Kumar, retired Chief of Naval Staff, Col. Douglas Gray who commanded Skinner's Horse from 1935 to 1947, and several former British officers.

Architecture
The church features "original European stained-glass windows depicting the crucifixion, ascension of Christ and his resurrection, a painting titled 'The Prodigal Son', original work of Italian painter Pompeo Batoni, a processional cross gifted by Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, a rare pipe organ gifted by Ralph T. Coe in 1899, and the church bell". All are in the process of restoration, including the church itself, scheduled for 2017, as the church due to its historical significance, falls under Grade II heritage buildings category.

Graves
The church houses several tombs. One houses the remains of the British Commissioners of Delhi, William Fraser, near the large Memorial Cross erected in memory of the victims of 1857 revolt.  At the rear is the tomb of Thomas Metcalfe, who lived in Delhi  from 1813 to 1853, serving as Agent to Governor General of India and a Commissioner.

Skinner died at Hansi on 4 December 1841 at the age of 64, and was first buried there. Later he was disinterred, and buried in Skinner's Church on 19 January 1842 in a vault of white marble immediately below the Communion Table. North of the church lies the family plot, Skinner family, where many of his fourteen wives and many children, are buried, the burial in this place was that of a lady who died in England, but wished that her ashes be interred here.

The parish of St. James's also owns and manages the nearby Nicholson Cemetery.

Services
 Winter (October - March): Worship starts 9 a.m.

 Summer (April - September): Worship starts 8:30 a.m.

References
Citations

Bibliography

External links
 Graves in the Cemetery
 St. James' Church, Delhi  and surrounding locales

James
1836 establishments in India
Church of North India church buildings
Church buildings with domes
Renaissance Revival architecture


Ciro Immobile  (born 20 February 1990) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a forward and captains both Serie A club Lazio and the Italy national team.

Immobile began his career at Sorrento. In 2009, he was purchased by Juventus, and was later loaned out to three Serie B clubs, including Pescara, with whom he won the league title as the top scorer, before moving to Genoa in 2012. After a season with the club, he moved to Juventus' rivals Torino, where he won the Capocannoniere award for the top scorer in Serie A. After his breakout season at Torino, he was sold to German club Borussia Dortmund for around €18 million in 2014, where they won the DFL-Supercup, before moving to Spanish club Sevilla in 2015. In 2016, he returned to Torino on loan, and was later sold to Lazio in July of that year.

At Lazio, Immobile has won a Coppa Italia and two Supercoppa Italiana titles, and is currently the club's all-time highest goalscorer. In his second season at Lazio, he won the Capocannoniere for a second time, with 29 goals in 33 games. The 2019–20 season was the most prolific of Immobile's career; he equalled the record for most Serie A goals in a season with 36, and won a third Capocannoniere title and first European Golden Shoe, given to the top scorer in Europe. In 2022, he won the Capocannoniere for a fourth time, with 27 goals in 31 games. He currently sits eighth in the all-time list of Serie A top scorers.

Immobile made his debut for the Italy senior team in 2014, and was included in the squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup and two UEFA European Championships (2016 and 2020), winning the latter tournament.

Club career

Sorrento and Juventus
Born in Torre Annunziata, in the province of Naples, Immobile began his youth career in the football school "Torre Annunziata '88", before transferring to "Maria Rosa" and finally the youth team of Salernitana, where however, he failed to emerge. He later joined Sorrento, with whom he scored 30 goals in the under-17 during the 2007–08 season, including a brace against Torino, impressing the observers of Juventus.

In 2008, he was signed at the age of 18 for €80,000 by Juventus under the recommendation of Ciro Ferrara. He went on to play with the Primavera formation.

Immobile joined the Primavera squad in 2009, where he formed a striking partnership with Ayub Daud, that led the squad to win the 2009 Torneo di Viareggio, where he scored a total five goals; two of which came in the final.

On 14 March 2009, Immobile made his Serie A debut in a 4–1 home win against Bologna, replacing Juventus' captain Alessandro Del Piero in the 89th minute.
On 25 November 2009, Immobile also made his debut in a European competition, once again as a second-half substitute for Del Piero in a Champions League game against Bordeaux. In February 2010, he scored a hat-trick against Empoli in the 2010 Torneo di Viareggio final to seal the title for a second consecutive season.

Loans to Siena and Grosseto
On 1 July 2010, Immobile, along with teammate Luca Marrone, were sent on loan to recently relegated Serie B side A.C. Siena. In exchange for the two loans, Juventus acquired Niccolò Giannetti, Leonardo Spinazzola, and Austrian midfielder Marcel Büchel on loan from the Tuscan club. Immobile never broke into the first team, however, and in January 2011, he left Siena, after just 4 appearances and 1 goal. Following his departure from Siena, he was immediately loaned by Juventus to Grosseto, another Serie B club for the remainder of the 2010–11 Serie B season.

Loan to Pescara
On 17 August 2011, it was announced that Immobile would join Serie B club Pescara on a season-long loan from Juventus. He scored his first goal for the club on 26 August during his debut for Pescara in the first league match against Hellas Verona. By the end of the 2011–12 Serie B andata (first half of the season), Immobile had already scored 14 league goals. On 30 January 2012, Genoa confirmed that they had paid €4 million for half of the player's rights from Juventus, following his mercurial form in Serie B. He completed his season with Pescara in the Italian second division, as the club won the league title and sealed promotion to Serie A. He also went on to become the Serie B season's top scorer with a total of 28 goals, seven more than the second-highest scorer, Juve Stabia's Marco Sau. Immobile was also named Serie B's Player of the Year at the 2012 AIC Gran Gala del Calcio, alongside teammates Lorenzo Insigne and Marco Verratti.

Genoa
Immobile formally became a Genoa player on 1 July 2012 after the loan with Pescara expired. On 19 June 2013, Genoa and Juventus again renewed the co-ownership agreements of Immobile and Boakye.

Torino
On 12 July 2013 Juventus bought Genoa's half of Immobile for €2.75 million. On the same day he was sold to city-rivals Torino under a new co-ownership deal for €2.75 million.

He made his debut for Torino during the first round of the Coppa Italia against former club Pescara, scoring his first goal of the season. He provided an assist in his Serie A debut for the club, but did not score until 7 October in a 2–2 draw against Sampdoria. Previously, Immobile had failed to score in Serie A since December 2012. The goal signalled a run of form for Immobile, with the player scoring a further 12 goals in his next 15 matches, including his first brace in Serie A during a game against Chievo Verona in December.

On 22 March 2014, Immobile scored his first Serie A hat-trick, in a 3–1 win against Livorno. Three days later, he scored a spectacular volley with his left foot against Roma, temporarily bringing the Granata level at the Stadio Olimpico. On 6 April, he scored the winning goal against Catania in a 2–1 victory.

On 13 April, Genoa were leading 1–0, when Immobile and Alessio Cerci both scored in stoppage time to give Torino a 2–1 win. He scored again in the following round in a 3–3 draw away to Lazio. On 27 April, Immobile scored for the sixth consecutive match in a 2–0 defeat of Udinese. This took him to 21 goals in the season, equaling the seasonal goal records of Paolo Pulici and Francesco Graziani at Torino.

On 11 May, Immobile scored in the penultimate fixture of the season against Parma, but was sent off in the second half and suspended for the final match against Fiorentina. He concluded his season with 22 goals in 33 appearances, plus one goal in the Coppa Italia. He became the first Torino player to win the Capocannoniere since Francesco Graziani in the 1976–77 season.

Borussia Dortmund

On 2 June 2014 Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund announced the signing of Immobile, despite the co-ownership agreement between Torino and Juventus not being resolved. Urbano Cairo, the president of Torino, accused Juventus and Dortmund of violating FIFA regulation regarding transfer on 10 May 2014, which FIGC also states that such transfers must have mutual consent of the co-owners. Cairo also wanted to keep Immobile for at least a season for sports and for profit. On 18 June 2014, Juventus sold the remaining 50% registration rights of Immobile to Torino for €8.035 million. Torino later revealed in its financial filing, that the transfer fee to the German side was €17.955 million. On 13 August 2014, Immobile made his official debut for Dortmund as a striker in the starting line up for the 2014 DFL-Supercup against Bayern Munich. The match ended in Borussia lifting the cup by the score of 2–0.

Immobile made his Bundesliga debut on 23 August in the opening match of Dortmund's 2014–15 Bundesliga campaign which saw them lose 2–0 to Bayer Leverkusen at home. On 16 September 2014, Immobile scored his first goal for the club, opening a 2–0 home win over Arsenal in the group stages of the Champions League.
He scored four goals in six Champions League matches, in a 3–0 away win over Anderlecht, in a 4–1 home win over Galatasaray and in a 1–1 home draw vs Anderlecht, with Borussia qualifying as first from the group. On 17 December 2014, Immobile assisted the first goal and scored the second on a 2–2 home draw with Wolfsburg.

Sevilla

On 12 July 2015, Immobile joined Sevilla on a season-long loan after scoring just three goals in the league in his first season at Borussia Dortmund, with a total 10 goals in 34 matches across all competitions. Sevilla also had an option to sign him outright. He made his debut for the club on 11 August 2015, coming off the bench to replace Kevin Gameiro in the 80th minute of the 2015 UEFA Super Cup final, against Barcelona, and assisting Yevhen Konoplyanka's temporary equaliser to send the match into extra-time; Barcelona went on to win the match 5–4.

On 31 July 2015, Immobile was stretchered off the pitch wearing an oxygen mask and a neck brace after playing just five minutes in a friendly against Watford at Vicarage Road after clashing heads with an opponent. He was taken to the hospital for tests and was in recovering condition. It was later determined his nasal septum ruptured, which looked like a major injury, but turned out to be only minor. On 8 November 2015, Immobile scored his first goal for Sevilla in the 36th minute as they emerged victorious in a 3–2 La Liga home win over Real Madrid. In November, the obligation to buy clause was exercised when Immobile made his fifth appearance, buying him outright for €11 million plus the €3 million for the loan spell.

Loan to Torino
On 14 January 2016, Immobile returned to Torino on loan until the end of 2015–16 season. Two days later on his return debut, he scored the opening goal of a 4–2 home victory over Frosinone. On 14 February, he scored a brace, in a 3–1 win away against Palermo. On 22 March, it was determined he sustained a muscular injury at the half time mark in a derby with Juventus two days prior, and would be sidelined for a month.

Lazio

On 27 July 2016, Immobile signed with Lazio for a fee of €8.75 million (plus €700,000 commission to agents). On 21 August, Immobile scored on his debut in Lazio's opening match of a 4–3 away win over Atalanta. Immobile finished the season with 23 league goals in 36 appearances plus 3 goals in the Coppa Italia, surpassing his total when he won the Capocannoniere with Torino in the 2013–14 season, though this time he did not win the Capocannoniere, losing it to Bosnian striker Edin Džeko of cross-town rivals Roma, who scored 29 league goals.

On 13 August 2017, Immobile scored the opening two goals of the Supercoppa Italiana; Lazio won with a final score of 3–2 over Juventus. On 10 September, in Lazio's third match of the season, he scored a hat-trick and got an assist in a 4–1 home win over Milan. On 21 October, Immobile extended with Lazio until 2022. On 6 January 2018, Immobile scored four goals in the first half away to SPAL, the first Lazio player to score multiple hat-tricks in a season in 16 years; Lazio eventually won the match 5–2. On 22 February 2018, Immobile scored a hat-trick in the Europa League round of 32 second leg home to Steaua București in a 5–1 win, which allowed Lazio to qualify, 5–2 on aggregate, to the round of 16. On 31 March 2018, Immobile scored twice in Lazio's 6–2 home win over Benevento, his 36th goal of the season, breaking Giorgio Chinaglia's previous record for most goals scored by a Lazio player in a single season, by two goals. Immobile ended the season with 29 goals in 33 appearances, winning the Capocannoniere jointly with Inter's Mauro Icardi. Immobile also ended the 2017-2018 season as UEFA Europa League's top scorer with 8 goals, jointly with Aritz Aduriz.

On 3 November 2019, he scored his 100th goal for Lazio in a 2–1 away win over Milan. On 26 July 2020, Immobile scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against Hellas Verona. Immobile finished the season with 36 goals, winning the Capocannoniere and equaling Gino Rossetti and Gonzalo Higuaín's all-time record for most goals in a Serie A season. He also won the European Golden Shoe for the first time in his career, becoming the first Italian player or player from Serie A to win the award since Francesco Totti in 2007. Moreover, he set a new record for most penalties scored in a single Serie A season, with 14.

On 31 August 2020, Immobile signed a five-year contract extension with Lazio. On 20 October 2020, he scored a goal in a 3–1 win over his former club Borussia Dortmund in the 2020–21 UEFA Champions League. On 12 May 2021, Immobile scored the only goal of a 1–0 home win over Parma in Serie A; this was his 150th goal for Lazio across all competitions.On 30 October 2021, the Italian striker netted his 159th career goal for the Biancocelesti in a 2–1 win victory over Atalanta, drawing level with Silvio Piola's all-time club goal record. On 4 November, Immobile scored against Marseille in the UEFA Europa League to become Lazio's all-time leading goalscorer, surpassing Silvio Piola, with 160. With this goal, the Italian striker also became the club's all-time top scorer in the Europa League (11); he surpassed former striker Pierluigi Casiraghi, who had scored 10 times in the competition for Lazio. On 7 November, with a goal against Salernitana in a 3–0 victory, Immobile became the first Lazio player to score 10+ goals in six consecutive Serie A seasons.
On 6 January 2022, by scoring a goal in a 3–3 draw against Empoli, Immobile became just the fourth player in Serie A history to score 15 goals in the league in seven separate seasons. On 5 March, he made his 200th appearance for Lazio in Serie A, in which he scored a penalty against Cagliari in a 3–0 away victory. In addition, with his goal against the Rossoblu, he matched Silvio Piola's goal record with Lazio in Serie A (143) and became the third player to ever score 20 or more Serie A goals in six different seasons.

On 16 April, he scored in the stoppage time in a 1–1 draw against Torino, which was his 180th Serie A goal, matching Sampdoria veteran Fabio Quagliarella at 13th in the league's all-time top scorers list. In addition, he became the first Italian player in Serie A history to score at least 25 goals in three separate league campaigns and reached 30+ goals in all competitions for a third time in his career. On 24 April, by scoring in a 2–1 defeat against Milan, Immobile became just the fourth player in Europe's top five leagues to score more than 25 goals in a league season at least three times since the 2016–17 season, joining Robert Lewandowski, Lionel Messi, and Cristiano Ronaldo.

On 19 February 2023, Immobile scored two goals against Salernitana in a 2–0 away win, reaching at 8th in the league's all-time goalscorers, surpassing Kurt Hamrin. On 14 April, he netted a penalty in a 3–0 away win over Spezia, to become the third player to score 10 goals in seven consecutive seasons with the same club, after Francesco Totti and Antonio Di Natale.

International career

On 2 March 2014, he received his first call-up to the senior national team by Cesare Prandelli, for a friendly match against Spain three days later. He made his debut as a substitute for Alessio Cerci after 69 minutes as Spain eventually won 1–0.

On 13 May 2014, Immobile was named in Italy's provisional 30-man squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and on 1 June he was named in the final 23-man squad. On 8 June, he scored a hat-trick in Italy's final World Cup warm-up match, a 5–3 unofficial win over Brazilian club side Fluminense. Immobile made his competitive debut in Italy's opening 2–1 win over England in Manaus on 14 June, playing the last 17 minutes in place of Mario Balotelli who scored the Italian winner. He scored his first official international goal in the third minute of a 2–0 friendly victory against the Netherlands on 4 September 2014.

On 31 May 2016, Immobile was named to Antonio Conte's 23-man Italy squad for UEFA Euro 2016.

In June 2021, he was included in Italy's squad for UEFA Euro 2020 by manager Roberto Mancini. In the opening match of the tournament on 11 June, he scored Italy's second goal and assisted Insigne for his team's final goal in a 3–0 win over Turkey. In the following group match on 16 June, he scored Italy's third goal in a 3–0 win over Switzerland. In the semi-final against Spain on 6 July, he assisted the opening goal scored in the second half by Federico Chiesa, of a 1–1 draw, before being substituted by Domenico Berardi; after extra-time, Italy advanced to the final of the tournament following a 4–2 penalty shoot-out victory. On 11 July, Immobile won the European Championship with Italy following a 3–2 penalty shoot-out victory over England at Wembley Stadium in the final, after a 1–1 draw in extra-time; Immobile started the match, but was once again replaced by Berardi during the second half of regulation time.

Style of play
Although primarily a main striker, Immobile is capable of playing anywhere along the front-line. A quick forward, Immobile is primarily known for his offensive movement off the ball, as well as his ability to make attacking runs and exploit spaces. He will often drift wide, from a central position, when making forward runs, allowing him to ghost in behind the defensive line where he can cut in to shoot, usually into the far post. His main characteristics are his eye for goal and finishing ability with either foot, as well as his physical attributes; he also possesses solid technique, and is effective in the air. In addition to his offensive capabilities and goalscoring ability, he is also a hard-working player, known for his willingness to chase down the ball and press opponents when not in possession; he also possesses good link-up play, which enables him to provide assists for teammates, in addition to scoring goals himself. He is also an accurate penalty taker. His goalscoring record and efficiency has earned him the nickname "King Ciro" with the Lazio supporters.

Personal life
In May 2014, Immobile and his long-time girlfriend Jessica Melena married. They have four children.

On 16 April 2023, Immobile, accompanied by his two daughters, suffered a spinal cord sprain and a fractured rib following a collision of his car with a tram near Stadio Olimpico in Rome.

Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Italy's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Immobile goal.

Honours
Juventus Youth
 Torneo di Viareggio: 2009, 2010

Pescara
 Serie B: 2011–12

Borussia Dortmund
 DFL-Supercup: 2014

Lazio
 Coppa Italia: 2018–19
 Supercoppa Italiana: 2017, 2019

Italy
UEFA European Championship: 2020

Individual
 Torneo di Viareggio top scorer: 2010 (10 goals)
 Torneo di Viareggio best player: 2010
 Serie B Footballer of the Year: 2012
 Serie B top scorer: 2011–12 (28 goals)
 Capocannoniere: 2013–14 (22 goals), 2017–18 (joint – 29 goals), 2019–20 (36 goals), 2021–22 (27 goals)
 Serie A Team of the Year: 2013–14, 2017–18, 2019–20, 2021–22
UEFA Europa League top scorer: 2017–18 (joint – 8 goals)
UEFA Europa League Squad of the Season: 2017–18
 Serie A Player of the Month: October 2019
 European Golden Shoe: 2019–20
 Serie A Best Forward: 2019–20, 2021–22
 Lazio Player of the Season: 2019–20
 Italian Sportsman of the Year: 2020

Orders
 5th Class / Knight: Cavaliere Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 2021

References

External links

 Ciro Immobile at the S.S. Lazio website

 Ciro Immobile at TBPlayers
 Ciro Immobile at FICG.it

1990 births
Living people
People from Torre Annunziata
Italian men's footballers
Footballers from Campania
Italy men's youth international footballers
Italy men's under-21 international footballers
Italy men's international footballers
Men's association football forwards
Juventus FC players
ACR Siena 1904 players
US Grosseto 1912 players
Delfino Pescara 1936 players
Genoa CFC players
Torino FC players
Borussia Dortmund players
Sevilla FC players
SS Lazio players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Bundesliga players
La Liga players
Competitors at the 2009 Mediterranean Games
2014 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
UEFA Euro 2020 players
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games medalists in football
Italian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
UEFA European Championship-winning players
European champions for Italy
Knights of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic


USS Alaska (ID-3035) was a minesweeper that served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919.

Alaska was built as a steam-powered commercial fishing trawler in 1881 at Boothbay, Maine.  The U.S. Navy chartered her for World War I service from the Fisheries Products Company of Wilmington, North Carolina, on 18 September 1918. She was assigned the naval registry Identification Number (Id. No.) 3035 and commissioned the same day as USS Alaska at Charleston Navy Yard at Charleston, South Carolina.

Converted for service as a minesweeper, Alaska served in the Charleston area for the remainder of World War I and briefly thereafter as a minesweeper and patrol vessel.

The U.S. Navy returned Alaska to the Fisheries Products Company on 10 January 1919, and her name was stricken from the Navy Directory that same day.

References

 Department of the Navy: Naval Historical Center Online Library of Selected Images: Civilian Ships: Alaska (American Fishing Trawler, 1881). Served as USS Alaska (ID # 3035) in 1918–1919
 NavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive: Alaska (ID 3035)

Minesweepers of the United States Navy
World War I minesweepers of the United States
Ships built in Boothbay, Maine
1881 ships


Marc Erik Elias (born February 1, 1969) is an American Democratic Party elections lawyer. In 2020, he founded Democracy Docket, a website focused on voting rights and election litigation in the United States, and he left his position as a partner at Perkins Coie to start the Elias Law Group in 2021.

Elias served as general counsel for the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign and John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign. In 2020 and 2021, on behalf of the Biden campaign and the Democratic National Committee, Elias oversaw the state-by-state response to lawsuits filed by the Trump campaign contesting the 2020 presidential election results. Of the 64 cases, he won all but one minor case, which was later overturned in his favor.

Early life and education
Born to a Jewish family in New York City, Elias was raised in Suffern, New York. He earned a Bachelor of Arts in government in 1990 from Hamilton College, at which he attended a class taught by Bernie Sanders. He then earned a master's degree in political science from Duke University and a Juris Doctor from Duke University School of Law.

Career
In 2004, Elias served as general counsel to John Kerry's presidential campaign.

Prior to creating the Elias Law Group in 2021, Elias was the head of the political law practice at Perkins Coie. He represented the Democratic National Committee, Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, Democratic Governors Association, and a number of Democratic members of Congress. He has represented the leadership of the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate.

He served as lead counsel for Senator Al Franken in the 2008 United States Senate election in Minnesota recount and contest, the longest recount and contest in American history. Elias has testified on campaign finance before committees in both houses of Congress and before the Federal Election Commission. Elias has worked on voting rights and redistricting lawsuits across the U.S.

In April 2015, Hillary Clinton engaged Elias as attorney of record and general counsel for her 2016 presidential campaign. According to The Washington Post, in April 2016, Elias hired Fusion GPS on behalf of the Democratic National Committee and the Clinton campaign to create the research that resulted in the Steele dossier. On October 24, 2017, Perkins Coie released Fusion GPS from its client confidentiality obligation.

Elias serves on the board of advisors of Let America Vote, an organization founded by former Missouri Secretary of State Jason Kander that aims to end voter suppression.

Elias served as the attorney for Dan McCready during the investigation of fraud allegations in the 2018 election in North Carolina's 9th congressional district. In January 2019, Elias became general counsel of the Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign.

Following the 2020 presidential election, Elias supervised the response to dozens of lawsuits filed by the Donald Trump campaign seeking to overturn Biden's win. Out of 65 such court cases, Elias prevailed in 64. In 2021, as several Republican-dominated state legislatures passed laws to tighten election procedures and voting requirements, Elias filed suits challenging the new laws, often within hours of the bills being signed. Writing in The Hill, Reid Wilson described Elias as "the most prominent Democratic attorney in America" and "the Democrats' last best hope of preserving a House majority".

According to The American Lawyer, Elias has gained a reputation for "strident election and voting rights litigation on behalf of the Democratic Party". In 2020, Elias's employer, Perkins Coie, received $9.6 million from the Hopewell Fund and $11.6 million from Priorities USA Action. Elias led a Hopewell Fund project called the Democracy Docket Legal Fund that filed lawsuits to block Republican voting legislation.

Elias's tactics have been criticized by legal scholar Richard L. Hasen who has written a blog post outlining the differences in approaches to defending election law Hasen and Elias had previously disagreed on legal tactics.

On March 12, 2021, a three-judge panel of the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals issued sanctions on Elias and other Perkins Coie attorneys for "redundant and misleading" motions related to a case in which Elias and his legal team argued that the elimination of straight-ticket voting in Texas disproportionately affected minorities. In the ruling, the court stated that Elias and his team "did not notify the court that their latest motion to supplement the record filed on February 10, 2021, was nearly identical to the motion to supplement the record filed several months ago by the same attorneys, on September 29, 2020". After the ruling, Perkins Coie defended Elias's actions. In December 2021, Elias asked the full court to reconsider the panel's decision. His attorney Paul Clement claimed that the panel's action was unprecedented and Elias had made good-faith mistakes rather than engaged in egregious misconduct for which appellate courts typically impose sanctions. The court has broad authority to oversee the attorneys who appear before it. The motion was denied by the appeals court.

On May 18, 2022, Elias was called to testify by prosecutors for special counsel John Durham  at the trial of his former law partner Michael Sussmann, who had been charged with making a false statement to FBI general counsel James Baker during a meeting they had in September 2016. Elias acknowledged hiring Fusion GPS to conduct opposition research against Clinton's opponent Donald Trump, asserting it was part of a larger effort to protect the Clinton campaign from possible libel suits from Trump or others. He said that in representing high-profile political figures, he hired firms that could ensure confidentiality to avoid leaks than might damage his clients. The Durham prosecution called Elias to testify at the outset of the trial, apparently to reinforce what it contended was an effort by Sussmann and the Clinton campaign to draw FBI and press attention to potential communications between computer servers at the Russian Alfa-Bank and the Trump Organization.

Elias represented the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2023.

Bibliography
 With Jonathan S. Berkon for the Harvard Law Review: "After McCutcheon" about the Supreme Court of the United States ruling on McCutcheon v. FEC
 "Political Regulation: Justified Reform or a Burden on Free Speech" an article about the increase in political spending since 2000 due to changes in campaign finance law.
 "Even Judges Can't Follow Campaign Finance Laws" an assessment on the trial for David Rosen where Elias asserted that "The Rosen trial confirmed one of the dirty little secrets of the campaign finance laws — they are so complicated that virtually no one in politics fully understands them."

References

External links
 Elias Law Group

Associates of Hillary Clinton
Duke University School of Law alumni
Hamilton College (New York) alumni
Living people
Political campaign staff
Jewish American attorneys
1969 births
People associated with Perkins Coie
20th-century American lawyers
21st-century American lawyers


Joseph L. Schiavoni (born September 21, 1979) is an American politician and judge who served as a member of the Ohio Senate and Ohio Senate Minority Leader. A member of the Democratic Party, Schiavoni was elected in 2020 to serve as a Judge in the Mahoning County, Ohio Court System.

Early life
Schiavoni was born in Columbus, Ohio, and grew up on the south side of Youngstown, Ohio, before moving to Boardman, Ohio, where he attended Boardman High School. He has three younger brothers.

While in high school, Schiavoni was a Golden Gloves boxer, as were his three brothers and his father before them. As a young man, he held jobs at Catullo Prime Meats, Fab-Art Steel, and Keffler Construction in the Mahoning Valley.

Following high school, Schiavoni attended Ohio University, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Communications. He then attended law school at Capital University, and received his Juris Doctor in 2004.

After graduating from law school, Schiavoni returned to Youngstown where he became a member of the family law firm. Since then, he has practiced worker's compensation law. Schiavoni is licensed to practice law in both Ohio and West Virginia.

 Schiavoni at one time helped legally represent Kelly Pavlik, the Middleweight Boxing Champion of the World, with whom he boxed as a child on the south side of Youngstown.

Schiavoni has long been an active member of Big Brothers, Big Sisters of Mahoning Valley. He earned the "Big Brother of the Year" award in 2007. Through this organization, Schiavoni later joined the Youngstown State University Senior Youth Mentorship steering committee.

Career

Ohio Senate
As a political novice, Schiavoni was selected in 2008 to replace Senator John Boccieri, who had been elected to the United States House of Representatives.  His selection surprised many, as Schiavoni was only 28 years old at the time and had never held elected office. Nonetheless, Schiavoni easily won the party nomination in 2010 and was elected in the general election by a 17.2% margin.

In November 2011, Schiavoni was named Assistant Minority Whip in the Senate, but quickly rose to Assistant Minority Leader under Eric Kearney in January 2012. Schiavoni would serve in that capacity for two years until 2014, when he was unanimously elected by his colleagues to be Minority Leader.

He was unopposed for re-election in 2014 to hold his seat in the Senate. Due to term limits, Schiavoni cannot run for reelection in 2018.

Issues and legislation

Education
While in the Senate, Schiavoni has been an outspoken advocate for public education and charter school reform. He has penned legislation to create stronger charter school oversight.

In October 2014, Schiavoni proposed a grant program to help Ohio schools create bullying prevention programs. In February 2015, he reintroduced the bullying prevention grant program, along with legislation that would provide additional funding for school safety initiatives.

Schiavoni has been a vocal opponent of the controversial Ohio law that gives an unelected CEO "complete operational, managerial and instructional control" of failing Ohio school districts. Schiavoni and Representative Michele Lepore-Hagan held town hall meetings in Youngstown to seek resident input on the new law. The two legislators then introduced companion legislation in the House and Senate to adjust the law according to recommendations made by local educators and families.

He and other top Democratic lawmakers also called for the removal of State Superintendent Richard Ross. "citing the recent scandal involving the cover up of failing charter school grades in state evaluations, the plan to takeover the Youngstown public schools crafted behind closed doors, and general lack of accountability to the State Board of Education and the public." Ross eventually resigned.

Schiavoni requested a special audit of the Ohio Department of Education after it was discovered that failing online charter school data had been omitted to make Ohio charter schools appear more successful overall.

In early 2016, state audits found that at least three online charter schools (e-schools), which are paid per full time student, had been significantly overpaid due to inaccurate recording and reporting of student attendance. In response, Senator Schiavoni and the Senate Democratic Caucus called for increased scrutiny for e-schools. Schiavoni introduced a bill - Senate Bill 298 - to reform attendance data collection and reporting rules for e-schools. Among other provisions, Senate Bill 298 would require e-schools to keep complete and accurate records of the times when each student participated in online coursework. That data would be reported to the state each month. If a student failed to log into their classes for 10 consecutive days, the bill would require the child's e-school to alert the state and the student's parents/guardians.

Protections for children
In 2015, Schiavoni sponsored legislation that would make improper child restraints in vehicles a primary offense, meaning officers would not need another reason to pull the vehicle over. This legislation was at least partially motivated by a head-on crash in the Minerva, Ohio, area that killed three people, including an 11-year-old girl who had been riding in the vehicle's cargo area.

In June 2015, Schiavoni and Senator Lou Gentile (D-Steubenville) introduced legislation to strengthen penalties for people found guilty of purposefully harming children under age 13.

Collective bargaining
Schiavoni has championed collective bargaining rights for workers, and has actively opposed attempts to weaken these rights.

In 2011, Schiavoni helped lead his fellow Democratic senators in opposition to Senate Bill 5, a controversial piece of legislation that would have eliminated collective bargaining powers for many public employees and changed collective bargaining rules for local government employees. The bill also included provisions affecting contracts and rules for teachers, police officers, and firefighters. Schiavoni was ranking minority member on the Insurance, Labor and Commerce Committee - where the bill had its hearings - during this time.

After Senate Bill 5 was signed into law, Ohio citizens collected signatures and placed a referendum on the November ballot (State Issue 2). Schiavoni helped rally voters to repeal Senate Bill 5 at the ballot. Issue 2 - which would repeal SB 5 - was passed by the voters in November 2011. It passed by a margin of 61% - 39%, dealing a victory to unions and a blow to the administration of Ohio Governor John Kasich.

Fast track trade agreements
Schiavoni is opposed to fast track trade agreements and has urged the US Congress "to oppose fast track legislation on trade agreements such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership."

"Communities throughout the Ohio Valley have been devastated by previous fast track trade agreements, and we can't allow that to happen again. We need fair trade deals that grow our economy and stop good paying jobs from leaving our shores."

Water quality
Schiavoni has made water quality issues a priority during his time at the Ohio Statehouse. In 2015, he introduced a bipartisan resolution to address water quality issues statewide. The resolution would allow the use of state bonds to help fund local sewer and water improvement projects. The Dayton City Commission later passed a resolution in support of Schiavoni's legislation.

In January 2016, it was discovered that residents of Sebring, Ohio, had not been properly notified of high lead levels in their drinking water. Senator Schiavoni and Rep. John Boccieri sent multiple letters to the Ohio EPA, asking for additional information. Schiavoni then introduced legislation requiring faster public notification of hazardous drinking water. Several of Schiavoni's proposals were later incorporated into Governor Kasich's plan to address the Sebring water crisis.

Additional legislation
Schiavoni proposed legislation to require Ohio's governor to get approval from a state commission before closing or selling state-operated institutions such as prisons or centers for individuals with developmental disabilities. The proposed state commission would include "lawmakers, officials of the agency in charge of the institution, others who have worked with the agency, a union member, and members of the public."

Campaign for governor and service as judge

Schiavoni announced his run for Governor of Ohio in the 2018 election on February 28, 2017. He lost the primary race for governor on May 3, 2018.

In 2019 Schiavoni announced that he would run to be a Judge of the Mahoning County Court against JP Morgan. Morgan was appointed by Governor DeWine to fill a vacated seat. Schiavoni won 58%–42% in a November 3, 2020, election and will serve out the remainder of the term, presiding over the Sebring Court.

Family and personal life
Schiavoni is a member of Big Brothers and Big Sisters of the Mahoning Valley, Curbstone Coaches, the local Farm Bureau, Boardman Civic Association, Italian-American Education Foundation, and the Legends of Leather Boxing Organization. He is also a member of the Ohio State Bar Association and the Mahoning County Bar Association. He has served as Co-Chair of the Public Relations Committee for the Mahoning County Bar Association.

Schiavoni is married to Margaret Schiavoni, a nurse-anesthetist, and they have two children together. They reside in Boardman, Ohio.

Electoral history

References

External links
Joe Schiavoni for Ohio, official campaign website

Democratic Party Ohio state senators
Living people
1979 births
Politicians from Youngstown, Ohio
Politicians from Columbus, Ohio
Ohio lawyers
Ohio state court judges
21st-century American politicians
Lawyers from Columbus, Ohio
Lawyers from Youngstown, Ohio
People from Boardman, Ohio


The Fromm Institute for Lifelong Learning at the University of San Francisco (USF) offers noncredit courses with no assignments or grades for adults age 50 and over with no other objective than the love of learning.  Organized in 1976 with support from Hanna and Alfred Fromm, the Institute’s program served as a model for the Osher Lifelong Learning Institutes that have been established at over 120 universities and colleges in the United States.

Origins
The Fromm Institute was founded by Hanna Fromm (1914 – 2003) and her husband Alfred Fromm (1905 – 1998), who had arrived in the United States as refugees from Germany in 1936.  Born Hanna Gruenbaum to a prominent Jewish family in Nuremberg, she studied choreography and worked in the Paris fashion industry.
Alfred Fromm, born in Kitzingen, Germany, was a fourth-generation winemaker.  Hanna and Alfred married in 1936 and fled the Nazis, first to New York and then to California, where Alfred formed a partnership to distribute Christian Brothers wine and brandy.  Alfred took over the Paul Masson vineyards in the 1950s, and began a commitment to philanthropy.  Hanna became ardently committed to an active intellectual life for retirees, helping launch the Lifelong Learning program at USF with financial support and by serving as its volunteer executive director until the last months of her life.  In 1979 the Fromms were awarded honorary doctorates of public service by USF.

Program
The Fromm Institute offers some 75 courses annually, spread over fall, winter, and spring terms. The program is strong on courses in the humanities, arts, and sciences.  Courses meet once a week for eight weeks. Faculty are primarily emeriti professors from universities and colleges in the San Francisco Bay Area. The program has grown from 300 students members in 1976  to 1250 student members today. Student membership fees cover half the program costs, with the balance coming from gifts, grants, and endowment earnings.  The Fromms established a sister program at Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1979.
After Hanna Fromm’s death in 2003, former program director Robert Fordham was named executive director.  The Institute publishes a monthly newsletter, From the Rooftop, during the academic year.

The Fromm program caught the attention of another San Francisco philanthropist, Bernard Osher, who was inspired to spread the model to over 120 Osher Lifelong Learning Institutes that his foundation has funded at universities and colleges across the United States since 2001.

Fromm Hall
Fromm Hall, formerly a Jesuit faculty residence known as Xavier Hall, was renamed for Alfred and Hanna Fromm on October 24, 2003.  The building was remodeled following a $10 million capital campaign by Friends of the Fromm Institute, with a lead gift from Hanna Fromm.  In addition to the Fromm Institute’s administrative offices and four large classrooms, Fromm Hall also contains USF’s only all-female residence, housing 175 freshman and sophomore women, facilities for the fine arts program, a women’s institute, and the parish offices of St. Ignatius Church.

Notes

Video documentary
"Old Enough to Know Better" is a documentary film directed by Ron Levaco on the Fromm Institute and its students.  It was released in 2001 by Icarus Films.

External links

University of San Francisco
1976 establishments in California
Lifelong learning


The High National Council () was the collective head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1945 until 1946.

Members of the First High National Council (January 26, 1945–December 7, 1945)
Parties

Members of the Second High National Council (December 7, 1945–February 1, 1946)
Parties

See also
List of heads of state of Hungary

Sources
World Statesmen - Hungary

Politics of Hungary


Ryan Craig Nye (born June 24, 1973) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for two seasons. He pitched for the Philadelphia Phillies for four games during the 1997 Philadelphia Phillies season and one game during the 1998 Philadelphia Phillies season.

Early life and amateur career
Nye attended Cameron High School in Cameron, Oklahoma. He was high school teammates with his first cousin, Kevin Lomon. His younger brothers also played at Cameron and were selected in the 1993 and 1995 Major League Baseball drafts. As a senior in 1991, Nye threw at least two perfect games as a senior and, as of the start of that year's state tournament, had a 43–0 career win–loss record as a pitcher.

That June, Nye was drafted by the Seattle Mariners in the 43rd round of the 1991 Major League Baseball draft but chose not to sign. Nye instead followed Lomon to begin his college baseball career at Westark Community College. After one year at Westark, he was drafted again by the Mariners in the 22nd round of the 1992 draft but again did not sign. He next played at Texas Tech. In one season with the Red Raiders, he led the team in wins, innings pitched and earned run average. He was named First Team All-America by the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association, the American Baseball Coaches Association and USA Today.

Professional career
Nye was selected by the Philadelphia Phillies in the second round of the 1994 Major League Baseball draft and assigned to the Batavia Clippers to begin his professional career. The Phillies added Nye to their 40-man roster in November 1996.

Nye was scheduled to join the Phillies on June 2, 1997, and make his Major League debut. His debut was delayed, however, when that day's game was postponed due to rain. He instead made his debut on June 7 as the starting pitcher against the Pittsburgh Pirates at Three Rivers Stadium. He appeared in three more games before June 23 when he suffered an abdominal strain while warming up in the bullpen and was placed on the disabled list. On or about July 19, he was activated but sent to Triple-A. Nye made one appearance during the 1998 season, allowing three earned runs in one inning pitched. It would be his final game in Major League Baseball. A few days later, he was demoted to the minor leagues when Mark Portugal returned from injury.

Nye was on the disabled list for nearly two months at the start of the 1999 season due to a strained right shoulder. At some point prior to December 1999, he underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Nye's final professional season came in 2000; he appeared in two games for the Gulf Coast League Phillies.

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Baseball players from Mississippi
Batavia Clippers players
Clearwater Phillies players
Florida Complex League Phillies players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Philadelphia Phillies players
Reading Phillies players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons players
Sportspeople from Biloxi, Mississippi
Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball players


The Association of Arentèle-Durbion-Padozel communes (French: Communauté de communes de l'Arentèle-Durbion-Padozel) is a former French administrative association of communes in the Vosges département of eastern France and in the region of Lorraine. It was created in October 2003 and had its administrative offices at Girecourt-sur-Durbion. It was merged into the Communauté de communes Bruyères - Vallons des Vosges in January 2014.

Composition

The Communauté de communes comprised the following communes:

Dompierre
Destord
Fontenay
Girecourt-sur-Durbion
Grandvillers
Gugnécourt
Méménil
Nonzeville
Padoux
Pierrepont-sur-l'Arentèle
Sercoeur
Viménil

References

Arentele-Durbion-Padozel


Maxacteon milleri is a species of small sea snail, a predatory marine gastropod mollusc in the family Acteonidae, the barrel bubble snails.

Distribution
This marine species is endemic to New Zealand

References

 The Sea Slug Forum : Maxacteon milleri
  Spencer H.G., Willan R.C., Marshall B.A. & Murray T.J. (2011). Checklist of the Recent Mollusca Recorded from the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone

Acteonidae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1971


Joseph Brook Gunson (March 23, 1863 – November 15, 1942) was a Major League Baseball catcher between  and .

Biography
Born in Philadelphia, Gunson played for the Cleveland Spiders, Washington Nationals, Kansas City Cowboys, Baltimore Orioles, and St. Louis Browns from 1884 to 1893. He is sometimes credited with creating the first catcher's mitt when he was trying to play through an 1888 finger injury. Though Gunson was young and did not need the money, Jim Manning was going to help him patent it once Manning returned from a summer baseball tour. Gunson said that he told some other players about the glove and that many other players began using such a mitt before Manning came home.

Gunson died at his Philadelphia home in 1942.

References

External links

1863 births
1942 deaths
Major League Baseball catchers
Cleveland Spiders players
Kansas City Cowboys players
Washington Nationals (UA) players
Baltimore Orioles (NL) players
St. Louis Browns (AA) players
19th-century baseball players
Meriden Maroons players
Rochester Maroons players
Atlanta Atlantas players
Hartford Dark Blues (minor league) players
Topeka Golden Giants players
Kansas City Blues (baseball) players
Erie Blackbirds players
Springfield Maroons players
Springfield Ponies players
Scranton Miners players
Scranton Red Sox players
Rochester Patriots players
Ottawa Wanderers players
Newark Colts players
Philadelphia Athletics (minor league) players
Harrisburg Ponies players
Baseball players from Pennsylvania


This page is currently under construction.
A delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) is a type of adverse reaction to a blood transfusion. DHTR is the later-onset manifestation of hemolytic transfusion reaction, which may also present as acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR) in a shorter timeframe from transfusion administration. The prevalence of AHTR has been estimated at 1 in 70,000 blood transfusions, whereas the prevalence of DHTR is thought to be underreported, although various studies estimate the prevalence of DHTR as between 1 in 800, to 1 in 11,000 transfusions.

Hemolytic transfusion reactions are a possible complication from red blood cell transfusions. Hemolysis refers to the lysis (rupture) of red blood cells, and the resulting leakage of their contents. Hemolytic reactions may be immune or non-immune mediated. Immune-mediated hemolytic reactions, such as DHTR, represent a type of alloimmunity. Non-immune hemolysis may result from thermal, osmotic, or mechanical damage to red blood cells in transfusion products.

In immune-mediated DHTR, the transfusion recipient has antibodies that react with antigens on incompatible donor red blood cells, prompting lysis of the red blood cells by the recipient's immune cells, such as macrophages. The severity of immune-mediated hemolytic reactions may vary based on the type and quantity of both the transfused red blood cell antigens and the recipient's antibodies against them, as well as the ability of the antibodies to activate complement or opsonization. Some recipients do not have significant pre-existing antibodies against transfused red blood cells, but then develop higher levels of such antibodies following immune stimulation by the transfused red blood cells.

While AHTR usually presents within the first 24 hours after transfusion, DHTR has the possibility to present up to 30 days later. Even though DHTR may have a lower chance of severe outcomes than AHTR, it can still be fatal or result in serious complications, and must be treated as an urgent medical issue.

Mechanism
If a person without a Kidd blood antigen (for example a Jka-Jkb+ patient) receives a Kidd antigen (Jka-antigen for example) in a red blood cell transfusion and forms an alloantibody (anti-Jka); upon subsequent transfusion with Jka-antigen positive red blood cells, the patient may have a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction as their anti-Jka antibody hemolyzes the transfused Jka-antigen positive red blood cells. Other common blood groups with this reaction are Duffy, Rhesus and Kell.

Immune-mediated hemolytic reactions may be classified as either intravascular or extravascular hemolysis. Intravascular hemolysis takes place while the red blood cells are still when the recipient's antibodies bind to the donor's red blood cells and cause complement activation. Extravascular hemolysis is produced when the recipient's antibodies opsonize the donor's red blood cells, leading to their sequestration and phagocytosis by phagocyte immune cells such as macrophages. Macrophage activation, in response to antibody-mediated targeting of red blood cells, can also increase production of cytokines that induce a systemic response that results in clinical symptoms, such as fever, chills, abdominal pain, and back pain.

Some hemolytic reactions are the product of incompatibility between different blood types of the ABO blood group system. Hemolytic reactions may also be caused by incompatibilities with Rh factors, Duffy antigens, Kell antigens, Kidd antigens, and Lewis antigens.

Many people have antibodies to red blood cell antigens not found on the surface of their own red blood cells. Therefore, to use the ABO types as an example, those with type O blood are likely to have antibodies to type A and type B blood. Those with type A blood are likely to have antibodies to type B blood, and vice versa.

Antibodies against Kidd antigens may be difficult to detect because of significant variability in their molecular features, and weak in vitro expression. They have been reported to cause severe immediate or delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions, with anti-Jk antibodies responsible for 13 of 44 cases of DHTR reported in the UK during 2021.

Diagnosis
 Positive elution test with alloantibodies present on the transfused red blood cells OR newly identified red blood cell alloantibodies in recipient serum.Antibody elution is the process of removing antibodies from the surface of red blood cells. Techniques include using heat, ultrasound, acids or organic solvents. No single method is best in all situations. In an elution test, the eluted antibodies are subsequently tested against a panel of reagent red blood cells of known phenotype.
 Inadequate rise of post-transfusion hemoglobin level OR rapid fall in hemoglobin level back to pre-transfusion levels OR otherwise unexplained appearance of spherocytes.

 Newly identified red blood cell alloantibody demonstrated between 24 hours and 28 days after cessation of transfusion BUT incomplete laboratory evidence to meet definitive case definition criteria.
Symptoms may include a drop in hemoglobin level, fever, jaundice, or hemoglobinuria. It is also "associated with a fall in Hb or failure to increment, rise in bilirubin and LDH and an incompatible crossmatch not detectable pre transfusion."

DHTR may be diagnosed by the presence of antibodies that react to red blood cells. An antiglobulin test, also known as a Coombs test, is a type of blood test used in immunohematology. An antiglobulin test may either be direct (e.g., "direct antiglobulin test" or "direct Coombs test"), or indirect. The direct test is designed to detect antibodies already bound to the surface of red blood cells in a clinical blood sample. By contrast, the indirect test is designed to detect antibodies that are freely floating in the blood, and that display in vitro reactivity against red blood cells. Both direct and indirect Coombs tests may be useful for investigating suspected blood transfusion reactions. The indirect test may also be used to determine a patient's reactivity to foreign red blood cell antigens prior to transfusion.

Hyperhemolysis differs from DHTR in that it involves the lysis of the recipient's own red blood cells in addition to those introduced from the donor.

Epidemiology
Delayed blood transfusion reaction occurs more frequently (1 in 20,569 blood components transfused in the USA in 2011) when compared to acute haemolytic transfusion reaction.

References

Transfusion reactions
Complications of surgical and medical care
Transfusion medicine


This article is the discography of the British space rock band Spiritualized.

Albums

Studio albums

Live albums

Compilation albums

Singles

Music videos

References

Discographies of British artists
Rock music group discographies


The Last Temptations () is an opera in two acts by Joonas Kokkonen to a libretto by Lauri Kokkonen.  Along with Leevi Madetoja's Pohjalaisia and Aarre Merikanto's Juha, it is considered one of the most important Finnish operas.  The opera deals with the life of the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century folk preacher Paavo Ruotsalainen. Kokkonen worked on the opera for 16 years before finishing the work. It was premiered in Helsinki by the Finnish National Opera in 1975.

The opera consists of two acts divided in 14 scenes. The combining element of the work is the hymn number 382 in the current Finnish hymnal of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, My Lord, my God in all distress () (382) which is a reoccurring theme throughout the opera. A chorus containing the whole hymn concludes the opera.

Performances

After the premiere, the opera has already had almost three hundred performances. Finnish National Opera toured with the work in seven cities abroad – including at New York's Metropolitan Opera. At the Finnish National Opera there have been three productions: 1975–1983 (directed by Sakari Puurunen) and 1994 (directed by Paavo Liski) and 2001 (directed by Jussi Tapola).

The Savonlinna Opera Festival performed the opera for several years, 1977–1980. In Helsinki and Savonlinna the most famous singers in the role of Paavo were Martti Talvela and Jaakko Ryhänen.

In 2007 the opera was performed as a half-staged production in the Temppeliaukio church in Helsinki four times. Finnish film director Åke Lindman directed The Last Temptations on the original homestead of Paavo Ruotsalainen in Aholansaari, Nilsiä, Finland during four summers in 2000–2003 from where the production was transferred to new outdoor arena in Nilsiä to be performed in summer 2007.

A renewed full-scale production of the opera saw light in summer 2009 in Nivala, Finland. In the roles were baritone Esa Ruuttunen as Paavo, soprano Johanna Rusanen-Kartano as Riitta, Petri Pussila as smith and Lassi Virtanen, first man.

The popularity of the opera has lasted over the years. In 2015 it was produced by Pohjois-Kymi music school. Esa Ruuttunen sang the role of Paavo Ruotsalainen.

Opera Jyväskylä (Jyväskylän ooppera) prepared performances of the opera for 2022, conducted by Ville Matvejeff.   In 2022 the opera was revived in Aholansaari - the original homestead of Paavo Ruotsalainen - with Esa Ruuttunen and Varvara Merras-Häyrynen. The work was performed with piano and organ accompaniment.

Roles

Paavo Ruotsalainen, Finnish farmer, leader of religious revival – bass
Riitta, Paavo's first wife – soprano
Juhana, Paavo's and Riitta's  son – tenor
Jaakko Högman, smith who converted Paavo – bass
First man – tenor
Second man – baritone
Third man – bass
First woman – soprano
Second woman – mezzo-soprano
Third woman – alto
Anna Loviisa, Paavo's second wife – speaking role
Albertiina Nenonen, servant – speaking role
Shadow – Dancer
people – chorus

Synopsis

Act I
Scene 1: Paavo's Deathbed

On a stormy winter night Paavo tosses on his bed in fever. He calls for Riitta, his deceased first wife. His second wife Anna Loviisa and servant Albertiina enter. They try to comfort Paavo by singing his favorite hymn. Paavo sobers up but shouting orders the women to leave for, as he says, to Heaven's gate he must go alone.

Interlude I

Scene 2: Riitta at the Dance

Paavo relives in his hallucinations key events of his life. In his youth he meets Riitta at a dance. Three men and three women mock him and warn Riitta not to go with Paavo, a madman, for it will only bring her misery. Nevertheless, Riitta decides to go with Paavo. Riitta calls for Paavo and encourages him, but he refuses and says that he must go the barrier of Heaven alone.

Interlude II

Scene 3: The Smith

Riitta takes Paavo to visit the smith who had instilled faith in him in his youth, blacksmith Jaakko (Jakob) Högman. Riitta accuses the blacksmith for compelling Paavo to wander around in revivalist meetings, leaving family behind to starve. The blacksmith retorts contemptuously to Riitta, but then adds that the gate of Heaven is open to those who suffer and toil. Paavo mutters that he is too weak to open the gate.

Interlude III

Scene 4: The Frost

Paavo and Riitta are at their first homestead by the lake. Paavo promises to build a new house, but a wicker gate ominously reminds him of the Barrier of Heaven which he dare not approach. The chorus comments how Paavo took Riitta to the backwoods to a life of misery. The white frost suddenly rises, threatening the crop. Riitta and Paavo together try to fight it to no use. In the struggle to move the air on the field they trample their baby underfoot.

Interlude IV

Scene 5: Juhana

Paavo's son Juhana is repairing his father's knapsack. Juhana is longing to get away from the dreary existence to a wider world. He dances at the thought and teases his mother. She snatches the knapsack away to hide it from Paavo, to keep him from leaving the family for his travels.

Interlude V

Scene 6: The Last Loaf

Paavo demands his knapsack back. Riitta shouts back complaining about him always wandering, not caring for work or family. Riitta threatens to kill Paavo to spare him the shame of starving his family. She hurls the axe at him, but misses. Paavo tries to explain and reconcile the needs of the family and the overriding importance of spreading the Gospel. He thinks that what he has done was in vain. He calls out for Riitta, but cannot find her.

Interlude VI

Scene 7: Juhana's Death Revealed

Village women come to the house. They look at the dent left by the axe Riitta threw at Paavo. They tell her in a roundabout way that Juhana has been murdered. They wonder why Riitta does not weep. She replies that she wept for him for three whole years. Paavo has been listening, and cries that all his life God has been scourging and punishing him with an iron whip, and he has deserved it.

Interlude VII

Scene 8: Riitta's Death

Riitta is dying three years later. She feels calm and remembers the happy illusion of the first homestead on the island, where Paavo used to sing thanks to God's blessings. Paavo is surprised: Riitta can give thanks. Yes, she replies, and sees the barrier of Heaven open in front of her. She asks Paavo to recite a thanksgiving hymn. He sings and Juhana joins in. Riitta rises and goes toward her son to Heaven's door.

Act II

Scene 1: The Assizes

Three men want to confound Paavo at the place where he once had to defend himself at the Assizes against charges of undermining the authority of the Church. They feed Paavo's depression and reveal themselves as his enemies. They humiliate his arrogance and taunt him with dancing girls. Paavo collapses in despair, but the chorus sings a hymn of encouragement.

Interlude I

Scene 2: The Fisherman

Riitta appears, calling Paavo to the Island. Paavo insists his calling to speak to the nation. "Into the sea of men I cast a net all flaming with it I search for sinful wretches.." Riitta repeats the call, but he insists he must speak at the graduation ceremony in Helsinki.

Interlude II

Scene 3: The Graduation

At the University graduation Paavo wants to go as an invited guest, but three men and three women stop him. They tell him he is uneducated idiot who has no business at the University ceremony. Paavo retorts that he has read religious tracts since he was a boy. He hears his own hymn sung and tries to address the academics. Paavo tries to follow the Bishop of the North, but is rejected. He calls out a prayer.

Interlude III

Scene 4: The Call to the Island

Riitta calls Paavo to the Island. He resists. He doubts he would be welcome. Finally he yields to Riitta's pleas, but objecting he is but a wretched sinner.

Interlude IV

Scene 5: The Dead

Paavo is praying for forgiveness. The blacksmith appears, encouraging him, then Riitta with a thanksgiving, then Juhana, singing the Lord's Prayer. It is time for Paavo to settle accounts of his life. His time has come.

Interlude V

Scene 6: Paavo's Death

Paavo is lying on his bed in the cottage. He is still tossing around and crying. Gradually he comes round, surrounded by family. The three men and three women who have tormented him turn out to be his daughters and their husbands. Paavo recognizes that his time has come. He makes sure that his will is in order, and tells his family to plant a prickly tree on his grave, for he has been the prickliest of men. He asks the servant to read to him from the favorite tract, and begins to sing his hymn. Everyone gradually joins in; Paavo goes quiet and listens. He hear Riitta in the distance, calling him to the Island. Paavo praises God. He knows that he has overcome.

Recording

1990 (Original release 1978). Martti Talvela, Ritva Auvinen, Seppo Ruohonen, Matti Lehtinen, Kalevi Koskinen, Jorma Falck, Jaakko Ryhänen, Taru Valjakka, Eini Liukko-Vaara, Raija Määttänen-Falck. Chorus and Orchestra of the Savonlinna Opera Festival. Chorus master Kyösti Haatanen. Conductor Ulf Söderblom. Finlandia Records. 1576-51104-2.

References

Compositions by Joonas Kokkonen
Finnish-language operas
Operas
1975 operas
Operas set in Finland
Operas based on real people
Operas set in the 19th century
Cultural depictions of Finnish men
Cultural depictions of religious leaders
Finnish Awakening


The Justin Lee Collins Show is a British television chat show presented by Justin Lee Collins that aired on ITV2 between 19 March 2009 and 21 May 2009. Collins has a small band on the show and a continuing theme is to mention Labi Siffre as part of a joke. The series ended after one series after Collins signed a two-year deal with Channel 5.

Guests

References

External links

2009 British television series debuts
2009 British television series endings
ITV (TV network) original programming
British television talk shows
Television series by All3Media


Naga nationalism is an ideology that supports the self-determination of the Naga people in India (mainly in Nagaland and neighboring regions) and Myanmar, and the furtherance of Naga culture.

Formation of the nationalist identity

Some Naga groups share a common belief of their ethnogenesis as a distinct people: these groups include Angami, Sema, Rengma, Lotha, Zeme, Liangmei and Rongmei. According to this belief, the ancestors of the Nagas lived in harmony together at a place called Mahkel (identified with the present-day Mao village of Makhel in Manipur, and, alternatively, believed to be near the Chindwin river in present-day Myanmar). As their population grew, they decided to split and spread outside Makhel. According to the Heraka faith, the Naga peoples took an oath pledging that they would come together again and live as a kingdom.

However, when the British arrived in India, the various Naga ethnic groups had no common national identity. The term "Naga" was a vaguely-defined exonym, which referred to the different ethnic groups in present-day Nagaland and its surrounding area. The different ethnic groups spoke mutually unintelligible languages and had distinct cultures but they are inextricably interrelated. Each Naga village was a sovereign state ruled by ethnic elders.

Internecine feuds, wars and headhunting campaigns were common among the Naga ethnic groups. The British captured several Naga territories and consolidated them under the Naga Hills District of Assam. During the British rule, missionaries such as Miles Bronson and Edwin W. Clark introduced Christianity to the area, greatly changing the social and political fabric of the local society. The common Christian identity led to peace and unity among the various Naga ethnic groups. Nagamese developed as a link language for inter-ethnic communication.

Naga Club
During the Kuki revolt (1917–19) and the World War I (1914–18), the British Government recruited a number of labourers and porters from the Naga ethnic groups. As part of the labour corps, around 2000 Nagas were sent to France, where, alienated from the other British–Indian troops, they developed a sense of unity. They agreed that after returning to their homeland, they will work towards unity and friendship among the various Naga ethnic groups. These Nagas, together with the British officials, formed the Naga Club in 1918. It was led by Gaonburas, Dobashis, Teachers, government servants, pastors and educated people in addition to the Naga Labour Corps personnel. It had two branches, one at Kohima and the other at Mokokchung.

This club provided the socio-political foundation for the Naga nationalist movement. In 1929, the Club submitted a memorandum to the Simon Commission, requesting that the Nagas should be given a choice of self-determination after the British departure from India.

Heraka movement
Heraka was a religious movement led by Haipou Jadonang and his successor Rani Gaidinliu, who sought to establish the legendary kingdom of the Naga people during 1929-33. The two aimed at creating a feeling of religious nationalism among the Nagas, mainly the Zeliangrongs (Zeme, Liangmei and Rongmei including Inpui-Kabui). They launched an independence struggle against the British, and sought to establish inter-ethnic solidarity and unity. However, the movement was not widespread outside of the three Zeliangrong community due to its antagonistic attitude towards Christian converts and the Kukis. The movement also developed into a political uprising against the British, which prompted the Government to clamp down on it.

Naga National Council
In 1945, C. R. Pawsey, the deputy commissioner of the Naga Hills District, established the Naga Hills District Tribal Council as a forum of the various Naga groups. This body replaced the Naga Club, and a year later, developed into a political organization called the Naga National Council (NNC). The NNC initially demanded autonomy within the Indian Union and a separate electorate. However, later, under the leadership of Angami Zapu Phizo, it adopted a secessionist outlook and campaigned for the creation for a sovereign Naga state. The NNC declined as differences developed between Phizo and other leaders, and Phizo got the NNC secretary T. Sakhrie murdered in January 1956.

Formation of Nagaland
After a series of armed conflicts and peace missions, the Government of India agreed to create the Naga Hills Tuensang Area (NHTA), a Union territory with a large degree of autonomy. After further protests, violence and diplomatic discussions, the Government recognised Nagaland as a full-fledged State within the Union of India. Since then, the Naga nationalism has co-existed with Indian nationalism. Nagaland recorded more than 87% voter turnout in 2014 Indian general election which was highest voters turnout in India which Indian authorities consider as faith of Naga people in democracy of India.

See also
Nagaland
Ethnic conflict in Nagaland
Naga National Council
Natwar Thakkar
Tripuri nationalism
Separatist movements of India

References


Culture is a Canadian-Bahamian hip hop rapper and reggae artist. His biggest chart success has been "Africa" with Karl Wolf. The song was recorded for Karl Wolf's second studio album Bite the Bullet. This version is based on the original 1982 "Africa" song by Toto. The song peaked at number 2 on the March 14, 2009 Canadian Hot 100 chart.  It peaked at number 20 on the Japan Hot 100 during the week of Jul 11 2008 and topped MuchMusic Countdown in July 2009.

Discography

Singles
"Africa" (Karl Wolf feat. Culture)

References

External links

Canadian male rappers
21st-century Canadian rappers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Canadian male musicians