Lekowo  (formerly German Leckow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Lekowo


Lipce  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Lipce


Miłobrzegi  (formerly German Friedensburg) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Villages in Świdwin County


Niemierzyno  (formerly German Nemmin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

In 2008, the village had a population of 154. In late 2021, a 5.4 magnitude earthquake hit the village destroying buildings and killing 135 people in one of Poland's worst natural disasters. The incident was immediately subject to white-washing by government officials, who downplayed the entire disaster as "several injured in a minor earthquake."

References

Villages in Świdwin County


Nowy Przybysław  (formerly German Neu Pribslaff) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Villages in Świdwin County


Oparzno  (formerly German Wopersnow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Oparzno


The Arboretum de Neuville-de-Poitou is a municipal arboretum located in Neuville-de-Poitou, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France. The arboretum was created along a former railway track, and now displays 380 types of trees and shrubs planted along a 3-kilometer walking path. It is open daily without charge.

See also
 List of botanical gardens in France

References
 Jardinez description (French)
 Tourisme Vienne description (French)
 Bois Forest description (French)

Neuville-de-Poitou, Arboretum de
Neuville-de-Poitou, Arboretum de


Yttrium boride refers to a crystalline material composed of different proportions of yttrium and boron, such as YB2, YB4, YB6, YB12, YB25, YB50 and YB66. They are all gray-colored, hard solids having high melting temperatures. The most common form is the yttrium hexaboride YB6. It exhibits superconductivity at relatively high temperature of 8.4 K and, similar to LaB6, is an electron cathode. Another remarkable yttrium boride is YB66. It has a large lattice constant (2.344 nm), high thermal and mechanical stability, and therefore is used as a diffraction grating for low-energy synchrotron radiation (1–2 keV).

YB2 (yttrium diboride)

Yttrium diboride has the same hexagonal crystal structure as aluminium diboride and magnesium diboride – an important superconducting material. Its Pearson symbol is hP3, space group P6/mmm (No 191), a = 0.33041 nm, c = 0.38465 nm and the calculated density is 5.05 g/cm3. In this structure, the boron atoms form graphite like sheets with yttrium atoms between them. YB2 crystals are unstable to moderate heating in air – they start oxidizing at 400 °C and completely oxidize at 800 °C. YB2 melts at ~2100 °C.

YB4 (yttrium tetraboride)

YB4 has tetragonal crystal structure with space group P4/mbm (No. 127), Pearson symbol tP20, a = 0.711 nm, c = 0.4019 nm, calculated density 4.32 g/cm3. High-quality YB4 crystals of few centimeters in size can be grown by the multiple-pass floating zone technique.

YB6 (yttrium hexaboride)
YB6 is a black odorless powder having density of 3.67 g/cm3; it has the same cubic crystalline structure as other hexaborides (CaB6, LaB6, etc., see infobox). High-quality YB6 crystals of few centimeters in size can be grown by the multiple-pass floating zone technique. YB6 is a superconductor with the relatively high transition temperature (onset) of 8.4 K.

YB12 (yttrium dodecaboride)
YB12 crystals have a cubic structure with density of 3.44 g/cm3, Pearson symbol cF52, space group Fmm (No. 225), a = 0.7468 nm. Its structural unit is 12 cuboctahedron. The Debye temperature of YB12 is ~1040 K, and it is not superconducting at temperatures above 2.5 K.

YB25

The structure of yttrium borides with B/Y ratio of 25 and above consists of a network of B12 icosahedra. The boron framework of YB25 is one of the simplest among icosahedron-based borides – it consists of only one kind of icosahedra and one bridging boron site. The bridging boron site is tetrahedrally coordinated by four boron atoms. Those atoms are another boron atom in the counter bridge site and three equatorial boron atoms of one of three B12 icosahedra. The yttrium sites have partial occupancies of ca. 60–70%, and the YB25 formula merely reflects the average atomic ratio [B]/[Y] = 25. Both the Y atoms and B12 icosahedra form zigzags along the x-axis. The bridging boron atoms connect three equatorial boron atoms of three icosahedra and those icosahedra make up a network parallel to the (101) crystal plane (x-z plane in the figure). The bonding distance between the bridging boron and the equatorial boron atoms is 0.1755 nm, which is typical for the strong covalent B-B bond (bond length 0.17–0.18 nm); thus, the bridging boron atoms strengthen the individual network planes. On the other hand, the large distance between the boron atoms within the bridge (0.2041 nm) reveals a weaker interaction, and thus the bridging sites contribute little to the bonding between the network planes.

YB25 crystals can be grown by heating a compressed pellet of yttria (Y2O3) and boron powder to ~1700 °C. The YB25 phase is stable up to 1850 °C. Above this temperature it decomposes into YB12 and YB66 without melting. This makes it difficult to grow a single crystal of YB25 by the melt growth method.

YB50
YB50 crystals have orthorhombic structure with space group P21212 (No. 18), a = 1.66251 nm, b = 1.76198 nm, c = 0.94797 nm. They can be grown by heating a compressed pellet of yttria (Y2O3) and boron powder to ~1700 0C. Above this temperature YB50 decomposes into YB12 and YB66 without melting. This makes it difficult to grow a single crystal of YB50 by the melt growth method. Rare earth elements from Tb to Lu can also crystallize in the M50 form.

YB66

YB66 was discovered in 1960 and its structure was solved in 1969. The structure is face-centered cubic, with space group Fmc (No. 226), Pearson symbol cF1936 and lattice constant a = 2.3440(6) nm. There are 13 boron sites B1–B13 and one yttrium site. The B1 sites form one B12 icosahedron and the B2–B9 sites make up another icosahedron. These icosahedra arrange in a thirteen-icosahedron unit (B12)12B12 which is called supericosahedron. The icosahedron formed by the B1 site atoms is located at the center of the supericosahedron. The supericosahedron is one of the basic units of the boron framework of YB66. There are two types of supericosahedra: one occupies the cubic face centers and another, which is rotated by 90°, is located at the center of the cell and at the cell edges. Thus, there are eight supericosahedra (1248 boron atoms) in the unit cell.

Another structure unit of YB66 is B80 cluster of 80 boron sites formed by the B10 to B13 sites. All those 80 sites are partially occupied and in total contain only ca. 42 boron atoms. The B80 cluster is located at the body center of the octant of the unit cell, i.e., at the 8a position (1/4, 1/4, 1/4); thus, there are eight such clusters (336 boron atoms) per unit cell. Two independent structure analyses  came to the same conclusion that the total number of boron atoms in the unit cell is 1584. The boron framework structure of YB66 is shown in the figure to the right. A schematic drawing under it indicates relative orientations of the supericosahedra, and the B80 clusters are depicted by light green and dark green spheres, respectively; at the top surface of the unit cell, the relative orientations of the supericosahedra are indicated by arrows. There are 48 yttrium sites ((0.0563, 1/4, 1/4) for YB62) in the unit cell. Fixing the occupancy of the Y site to 0.5 results in 24 Y atoms in the unit cell and the chemical composition of YB66; this occupancy of 0.5 implies that the yttrium pair has always one Y atom with one empty site.

YB66 has density 2.52 g/cm3, low thermal conductivity of 0.02 W/(cm·K), elastic constants c11 = 3.8×109 and c44 = 1.6×109 Newton/m2 and Debye temperature of 1300 K. As all yttrium borides, YB66 is a hard material and exhibits Knoop hardness of 26 GPa.
High-quality YB66 crystals of few centimeters in size can be grown by the multiple-pass floating zone technique and be used as X-ray monochromators.

The large unit cell of YB66 results in large lattice constant of 2.344 nm. This property, together with high thermal and mechanical stability resulted in application of YB66 as dispersive elements of X-ray monochromators for low energy radiation (1–2 keV).

See also
Crystal structure of boron-rich metal borides

References

Borides
Yttrium compounds


Osowo  (formerly German Wussow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  west of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 50.

References

Villages in Świdwin County


Półchleb  (formerly German Polchlep) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Villages in Świdwin County


Przybyradz  (formerly German Bullenberg) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  west of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Villages in Świdwin County


Przymiarki  (formerly German Ankerholz) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Villages in Świdwin County


Psary  (formerly German Stadthof) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Psary


Rogalinko  (German: Schäferei) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Rogalinko


Rogalino  ()  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

See also
History of Pomerania

References

Rogalino


Rusinowo  (formerly ) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  west of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Villages in Świdwin County


Rycerzewko  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  west of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 73.

See also
History of Pomerania

References

Rycerzewko


Sława  (German: Alt Schlage) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  east of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Villages in Świdwin County


Albert Cook (1880 – 27 September 1949) was an English footballer who played in the English Football League for Port Vale, Stockport County and Stoke. He also played cricket for Staffordshire.

Football career
Cook played for North Staffs Nomads, before joining Burslem Port Vale in August 1900. He made his debut at centre-half in a 3–1 defeat to West Bromwich Albion at The Hawthorns on 21 September 1901, and went on to play nine Second Division and four FA Cup games in the 1901–02 campaign. He played four league games in the 1902–03 season, and scored his first senior goal on 20 September, in a 3–0 win over Doncaster Rovers at the Athletic Ground. He then featured five times in the 1904–05 campaign and ten times in the 1905–06 campaign, and claimed three goals against Clapton Orient, Glossop, and Hull City. He joined rivals Stoke in February 1906, but featured in just one First Division game in the 1906–07 season, before moving on to Stockport County. He played four Second Division games for the "Hatters", and had a spell with North Staffs Nomads, before he made a brief return to Port Vale. He returned to Stoke in 1908, and played 11 Birmingham & District League games in the 1908–09 season, scoring once against Stourbridge at the Victoria Ground. He returned to Port Vale on a more permanent basis in January 1909, though by then the club had lost their Football League status. Cook enjoyed regular football until he fell out of favour in September 1910 and was released in the summer of 1911.

Cricket career
Cook played cricket for Staffordshire in the 1921 Minor Counties Cricket Championship; his brother, Evans Cook, also played cricket for Staffordshire.

Career statistics
Source:

References

1880 births
1949 deaths
Footballers from Stoke-on-Trent
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Port Vale F.C. players
Stoke City F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
English Football League players
English cricketers
Staffordshire cricketers


Śliwno  (German: Fülgen) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  west of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

See also
History of Pomerania

References

Villages in Świdwin County


Smardzko  (formerly German Simmatzig) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  east of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

See also
History of Pomerania

References

Smardzko


Stary Przybysław  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 259.

See also
History of Pomerania

References

Villages in Świdwin County


Świdwinek  (German Neu Schivelbein) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

References

Villages in Świdwin County


Ząbrowo  (German: Semerow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Świdwin and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

See also
History of Pomerania

References

Villages in Świdwin County


The Hagia Triada Sarcophagus is a late Minoan -long limestone sarcophagus, dated to about 1400 BC or some decades later, excavated from a chamber tomb at Hagia Triada, Crete in 1903 and now on display at the Heraklion Archaeological Museum (AMH) in Crete, Greece.

Uniquely for such a piece from this date on Crete, it is coated in plaster and painted in fresco on all faces. Unlike the ancient Egyptians, the Minoans only used frescoes to decorate palaces and houses for the enjoyment of the living, not for funerary use. It is the only limestone sarcophagus of its era discovered to date; there are a number of smaller terracotta "ash-chests" (larnax), painted far more crudely, usually in a single colour.  It is the only object with a series of narrative scenes of Minoan funerary ritual (later sarcophagi found in the Aegean were decorated with abstract designs and patterns). It was probably originally used for the burial of a prince.

It provides probably the most comprehensive iconography of a pre-Homeric thysiastikis ceremony and one of the best pieces of information on noble burial customs when Crete was under Mycenaean rule, combining features of Minoan and Mycenaean style and subject matter, as well as probable influence from Ancient Egyptian religion.

Description

All four faces of the sarcophagus are fully painted in several colours, using the fresco technique otherwise only found in Minoan paintings on walls, and sometimes floors and ceilings.  Each of the long sides has a long section with a narrative figure scene of religious ritual.  One of the short end sides has a roughly square section with a scene of a chariot with two figures, presumably goddesses as they are pulled by a griffin (possibly two), above which hovers a large bird.  The other end has two scenes, the upper almost entirely missing, but probably with a procession of male figures.  The lower scene again has two figures in a chariot pulled by two horses.

These scenes are surrounded by ornamental borders covering the remaining areas. These are comparable to the decorative borders around Minoan wall-paintings, although larger in relation to the figures.  The ornament includes scrolls, stripes, and rows of rosettes. Immediately above and below the narrative scenes on the long sides are thin blank (white) strips, into which some elements of the scenes intrude at the top. On the sides the strips are a mixture of colours.

Unlike larnakes, the sarcophagus has no lid, and none was apparently intended. It also has drainage holes.

Narrative scenes

The long painted scenes show the stages of the sacred ceremony which was performed at the burial of important personages. In the centre of one of the long sides of the sarcophagus (here called the "rear" side, purely for convenience) is a scene with a sacrifice of a bull, who is lying tethered on a table-like altar. Under the altar are at least two smaller animals, variously described as calves, deer or goats, possibly terracotta models like those being carried on the other side, or real ones waiting to be sacrificed. Behind this is a male figure playing the aulos double flute.  He is painted red in the usual Minoan convention, unlike the white females.

At the left of the scene are five female figures in profile, facing the altar. Only the front one is complete, as a chunk of the plaster is missing, and the others are missing their upper bodies.  The front figure has a large crown with long plumes, probably of feathers.  She holds her hands in front of her, with open palms.  This section has a yellow background, which changes to white at the altar.  Blood pouring from the altar table is falling into a bucket or rhyton at the right of this section.

In the final section the background colour changes again to a blue that is now rather muddy. A female figure with a skirt or apron of shaggy animal hide faces away from the bull towards the right.  She holds out both arms over a bowl on a pedestal or altar. Shown as in the air beside her are a decorated vase and a bowl with fruit-like round objects. In front of this is a pole with a labrys double axe at the top and a black bird sitting on this.  This has a chequered base; or perhaps this is a step up to the final element, either an altar or a building (in which case probably the tomb). This is topped by four Horns of Consecration symbols, and also a tree.  Both the structures in this part of the scene have decoration including spiral scrolls and stripes that is comparable to that on the borders on the sarcophagus.

The narrative scene on the second long side (called here the "front") is also divided into three zones with different background colours.  On the left, with a white background, there are three left-facing figures. Firstly a woman wearing a hide skirt apron is emptying a decorated vase or bucket into a large metal cauldron; this might be blood from the sacrifice on the other side, possibly as an invocation to the soul of the deceased.  The cauldron appears to sit on a tripod, and stands between two poles on decorated bases. The poles are topped with labrys symbols and a bird each above that.  Behind the first woman a richly-dressed woman wearing a crown is carrying two vessels on a yoke over her shoulders.  Behind her a man dressed in a long robe is playing a seven-string lyre. This is the earliest picture of the lyre known in Greece. This scene brings to mind a description in Homer, where the dead needed blood.

In the central section, with a blue background, three men wearing hide aprons or kilts face right and carry models of animals (probably bulls) and a boat.  They seem to be approaching the only figure in the right-hand section, with a white background.  He is a static left-facing male figure without arms and feet, who wears a full-length hide cloak-like garment, with gold edging; it is presumed that he represents the dead man receiving gifts (and the boat for his journey to the next world).  The dead man stands outside what is presumably the elaborate entrance to his tomb, beside a tree, and three steps.

Age

Recent 20th century excavations on the same site have allowed the sarcophagus's dating to be tightened up to 1370-1320 BC, which coincides with the end of the 18th Dynasty in Egypt, a period of extensive contact between Crete and Egypt, thus allowing the sarcophagus's technical and artistic elements to be related to similar decorative techniques in Egyptian temples and tombs. Some miniature sculpture found in other places of Crete (Kamilari, Archanes) during this period are connected with the worship of the dead and there are traces of a true funereal Egyptian cult at the same period. Funereal cults were not common in Crete, but they were practised in certain instances:  at the tombs of dead kings, or possibly of higher officials and kings.

Iconography
Nanno Marinatos, whose view of Minoan religion emphasizes a theocracy ruled by a royal couple of a priest-king and queen, combining political and religious roles (the queen perhaps more central to the latter) suggests the hide skirt reflects close involvement with ritual sacrifices and offerings, and that the same royal figures are shown more than once on the sarcophagus, especially the queen, who is shown both in procession wearing a long robe and plumed crown, and then changed into a hide skirt to conduct ceremonies.  In her view, in Minoan art "the plumed crown" is only worn by deities, griffins and the queen, who is, by definition, also the chief priestess.  The king is only shown wearing the hide skirt.  She cites Hittite and Syrian (Ugarit) equivalents for priest-royalty changing clothes to mark a transition in roles.

The sacrifice scene may in part be interpreted by the following criteria from classical and archaic Greece used in worshiping two sets of deities, the ouranioi, deities of the heavens, and the chthonioi, earth deities: position of the hands of the worshipers, level of the altar and color of the deity. The position of the hands of the participants is hands down, palms down indicating the deity invoked is a chthonic deity who is the deity in epiphany as a black bird on the betyl behind the low altar, the altar for the chthonioi, who has black color, the color of the chthonioi. The position of the throat of sacrificial animal, the bull, is down indicating the sacrifice is for the chthonioi or chthonic deity.

The high altar is reserved for the ouranioi, deities of the heavens. Above the low altar, chthonic altar, are two objects, a jug of water and a basket of fruits of the earth (standard Egyptian icon). The jug of water is for purification of the sacrifice participants who wash their hands before sacrificing the bull. In Classical Greece the offering of fruits of the earth was made to a chthonic deity just as on the Hagia Triada Sarcophagus. On the high altar, altar for the ouranioi, are the horns of consecration and a tree with seven branches. Most often, but not always, the horns of consecration are found in high places in Minoan religious art indicating they related to the ouranioi. The tree, with seven branches, may be a tree representing regeneration and the seven branches is an Egyptian number signifying completeness.

There are seven participants in the sacrifice scene with hands down palms down possibly indicating a forceful prayer or invocation of the chthonic deity behind the low altar in epiphany. Also, the sacrifice scene has three other elements common in sacrifices in Classical Greece, the presence of a pipe player, incense in the hand of one of the four rear participants and the jug of water for purification. The time of day of the sacrifice is night because chthonic rituals took place during the night, ouranic rituals took place during the day. The action of both the sacrifice scene and the libation scene moves from left to right. In Egyptian religion, the left was the side of death and right was the side of life.

The libation scene has seven participants giving force to the offering. The two birds in gold color on baetyls sit on double axes and are the highest objects in the scene indicating they are deities in epiphany. The blood in the sacrifice scene is transformed into water because it quenches lips of the "thirsty dead" as mentioned in the Pylos Linear B tablets. The dead man (lowest object)receives the "water" as nourishment because the dead did not feed on solid food, but rather on liquids. Therefore, the calves are symbolic food for dead. The stairs in front of the dead man's tomb, an Egyptian concept, allows the spirit of the dead man to ascend into the realm of the living. The tree on a sarcophagus in ancient Egypt represented resurrection or regeneration.

Notes

References
Brouwers, Josho,  "The Agia Triada sarcophagus", Ancient World Magazine, October 2019
Brekke, Stewart E. "The Hagia Triada Sarcophagus: Egyptian Influence on Minoan Religion." The Ancient World, Spring 2010, p.156-167.
 Gallou Chrysanthi 2005, The Mycenaean Cult of the Dead, VAR International Series 1372, Archaeopress, Oxford.
German, Senta, "Hagia Triada sarcophagus", Khan Academy
 Marinatos, Nanno, 1993, Minoan Religion: Ritual, Image, and Symbol, (Studies in Comparative Religion), Univ of South Carolina Pr, Columbia, Chapter 2
 Martino, Paula 2005, The Hagia Triada Sarcophagus: Interconnections Between Crete and Egypt in the Late Bronze Age, Digital Repository at the University of Maryland, University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
 Payne Robert 1960, The Splendor of Greece, Harper and Bros, New York. Payne Robert 1960, The Splendor of Greece, Harper and Bros, New York.
 Παπαγιαννοπούλου Α. 1999, «Εισαγωγή στους πολιτισμούς του Αιγαίου» στο Παπαγιαννοπούλου Α. Πλάντζος Δ. Σουέρεφ Κ. Ελληνικές εικαστικές τέχνες: Προϊστορική και κλασική τέχνη, τομ Α΄, ΕΑΠ, Πάτρα. (Papagiannopoulou A. 1999, Introduction to the cultures of the Aegean, Papagiannopoulou in Plantzos D. A. K. Soueref Greek visual arts: Prehistoric and Classical art, vol D, HOU, Patras.)
 Small Terry 1972, A Goat-Chariot on the Hagia Triada Sarcophagus, American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. Small Terry 1972, A Goat-Chariot on the Hagia Triada Sarcophagus in the American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 76, No. 76, No. 3. 3. (Jul). (Jul).
 Younger John G. Younger John G. 1998, Music in the Aegean Bronze Age. 1998, Music in the Aegean Bronze Age. Jonsered, Paul Äströms Förlag, Sweden. Jonsered, Paul Äströms Förlag, Sweden.

External links

page at AMH

Sarcophagi
Mycenaean Crete
Mycenaean archaeology
Heraklion Archaeological Museum
15th-century BC works
Minoan art
Minoan religion
Minoan archaeological artifacts


The Argentine legislative elections of 1993 were held on 3 October. Voters chose their legislators and, with a turnout of 80.3%.

Background
Success during the 1991 mid-term elections had encouraged President Carlos Menem to approve accelerated plans for privatizations, business deregulation, and more flexible labor laws proposed by the man widely credited for his political "summer," Economy Minister Domingo Cavallo. 1992 was a banner year for the Argentine economy, which grew 9% amid a 40% jump in fixed investment and doubling of auto sales; indeed, it had been the first year since 1984 in which spending on construction and machinery exceeded depreciation (many Argentines bought their first automobile since at least then, as well).

Storm clouds were never far from Menem's political summer skies, however. An exposé on growing corruption published by muckraking journalist Horacio Verbitsky led to the resignation of Menem's chief strategist, Interior Minister José Luis Manzano, and to that of a key ally, Buenos Aires Mayor Carlos Grosso. Continuing economic uncertainty in the United States, Europe and Japan helped lead to an unexpected crisis of confidence in Argentina, as well and, though the nation's healthy foreign exchange reserves easily thwarted a November 1992 run on the Argentine peso, the event helped trigger a sudden slowdown in Cavallo's "Argentine miracle." This negative economic turn was made all the more inopportune by the coinciding wave of layoffs on the heels of mass privatizations of large employers, such as the state oil concern YPF and the nation's vast railways. Unemployment, which had remained at around 7% during the 1991-92 boom, leapt to nearly 10% by mid-1993.

Concern over layoffs, the future of the newly privatized companies and over reforms to the relatively generous adjustable pensions system inherited from populist leader Juan Perón's heyday dominated voters' issues ahead of the October 3, 1993, mid-term elections. Ultimately, fears of a recession during 1993 did not materialize and Menem quickly translated still-rising federal revenues (as well as US$3.5 billion in income from the sale of YPF stock) to increased spending on pensions and public works, helping calm protest. Sensing an opportunity to reform Argentina's arcane electoral system, the new Interior Minister, Gustavo Béliz, proposed a replacement of the nation's system of electoral lists for one resembling an Australian ballot. The proposed reform, which would lessen party leaders' influence over the process, helped result in his dismissal, however. President Menem's Justicialist Party enjoyed fourth-straight electoral victory, picking up several seats in Congress, though the struggling Radical Civic Union (UCR, which had held power during Raúl Alfonsín's difficult 1983-89 tenure), averted a trouncing and retained its Congressional strength. The UCR even made inroads in traditionally Peronist Santiago del Estero Province, where discontent with a political machinery long dominated by Justicialist Party strongman Carlos Juárez had led to riots.

The results helped persuade both President Menem and UCR leader Alfonsín to negotiate towards a mutually beneficial arrangement, a month after the election. The victory encouraged Menem to pursue his goal of amending the 1853 Argentine Constitution to allow himself re-election. Alfonsín, whose party held the balance of power, accommodated the President, in exchange for increased representation in the Senate for the first runner-up (presumably the UCR) and the relinquishing of the Presidential right - enjoyed since 1880 - to appoint the Mayor of Buenos Aires (whose voters leaned towards the UCR). The consequent Olivos Pact made the 1994 reform of the Argentine Constitution along the agreed-upon lines a reality, making this the salient legacy of the 1993 legislative elections.

Results

References

1993
1993 elections in Argentina
Presidency of Carlos Menem


Brzeźniak  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Bukowo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Czaplice  (formerly ) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 204.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Dłusko  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  west of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Villages in Łobez County


Drzonowo Wałeckie  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and from 1772–1945 part of Prussia and then Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

Notable residents
 Friedrich Foertsch (1900–1976), Inspector General of the Bundeswehr
 Hermann Foertsch (1895–1961), general

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Drzonowo ZR is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Drzonowo ZR


Dzwonowo  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Golin  (formerly ) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Jaglice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  east of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Jaglice


Jagoda  is a former settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Jagoda


Jeleni Róg  (formerly , or Düpe) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The settlement has a population of 6.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Jelenie  (formerly ) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Człopa,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 64.

References

Jelenie


Krąpiel  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Mielęcin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772–1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Coláiste an Phiarsaigh is a coeducational voluntary secondary school in Glanmire, Cork. Irish is the language of instruction and all pupils and teachers are expected to converse in  school is free for day pupils and fee-paying for boarders, though some bursaries are available.

Gaedhealachas Teoranta established the school in 1973. it is named after Patrick Pearse, an Irish revolutionary and Gaelic revivalist. Cormac Mac Cárthaigh was one of the founders, and Eibhlín Ní Drisceoil was principal from 1973 to 1991. In 1978, with about 200 students enrolled, the first permanent building was opened. In the eighties when student numbers increased, prefabs were opened. A permanent extension building opened in 1995, with a science lab, computer room, art room, classrooms, staff room and offices. In the 2011–12 school year, the enrolment was 255 boys and 281 girls. Irish-language courses for children 10–14 are held in the school during the summer holidays.

In The Sunday Times 2013 ranking of progression to third-level education, the school ranked 5th in Cork city and county, and 22nd in the state

Notable alumni

References

External links
 colaisteanphiarsaigh.ie School website

1973 establishments in Ireland
Educational institutions established in 1973
Gaelcholáiste
Irish-language schools and college
Secondary schools in County Cork


Miradź  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, an in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Nałęcze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

The village has a population of 41.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Orzeń  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

The settlement has a population of 8.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Pieczyska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Podgórze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  east of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

The village has a population of 28.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Podlesie  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

The settlement has a population of 6.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Przelewice  (formerly ) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

The village has a population of 200.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Pustelnia  (formerly ) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

The settlement has a population of 1.

References

Pustelnia


Rybakówka  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

Demographics
The settlement has a population of 12.

References

Villages in Wałcz County
Kingdom of Poland


Szczuczarz  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772, the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772–1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Szczuczarz


Trzcinno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

The village has a population of 60.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Trzebin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Wołowe Lasy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  east of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Załom  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  west of Człopa,  south-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Zwierz  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

The settlement has a population of 5.

References

Zwierz


Bronikowo  (German: Brunk) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Mirosławiec,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Bronikowo


Drzewoszewo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  east of Mirosławiec,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Drzewoszewo


Gniewosz  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The settlement has a population of 8.

References

Gniewosz


Hanki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Mirosławiec,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Hanki


Hanki-Kolonia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 92.

References

Hanki-Kolonia


Jabłonkowo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  east of Mirosławiec,  north-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 180.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Jabłonowo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  east of Mirosławiec,  north-west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 180.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


The Canton of Senones is a former French administrative and electoral grouping of communes in the Vosges département of eastern France and in the region of Lorraine. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 18 communes, which joined the canton of Raon-l'Étape in 2015. It had 9,702 inhabitants (2012).

It covered an area to the north of Saint-Dié-des-Vosges. One of 9 cantons in the Arrondissement of Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, the Canton of Senones had its administrative centre at Senones.

Composition
The Canton of Senones comprised the following 18 communes:

 Ban-de-Sapt
 Belval
 Châtas
 Denipaire
 Grandrupt
 Hurbache
 Ménil-de-Senones
 Le Mont
 Moussey
 Moyenmoutier
 La Petite-Raon
 Le Puid
 Saint-Jean-d'Ormont
 Saint-Stail
 Le Saulcy
 Senones
 Le Vermont
 Vieux-Moulin

History
The Canton of Senones was created in 1793 as part of the annexation by France of the Principality of Salm-Salm.  In 1801 the canton was expanded when it absorbed the Canton of le Puid and some communes from the Canton of Allarmont.   However, in 1806 the communes acquired from Allarment were lost to the Canton of Raon-l'Étape.

References

Senones
2015 disestablishments in France
States and territories disestablished in 2015


Jadwiżyn  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Mirosławiec,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Kalinówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 42.

References

Villages in Wałcz County


Kierpnik  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The settlement has a population of 3.

References

Kierpnik


Kolonia Chojnice  is a former settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Kolonia Chojnice


Kolonia Polne  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The settlement has a population of 13.

References

Kolonia Polne


Kolonia Zacisze  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The settlement has a population of 19.

References

Kolonia Zacisze


Łowicz Wałecki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  west of Mirosławiec,  west of Wałcz, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Villages in Wałcz County