Aleeta curvicosta (commonly known as the floury baker or floury miller, known until 2003 as Abricta curvicosta) is a species of cicada, one of Australia's most familiar insects. Native to the continent's eastern coastline, it was described in 1834 by Ernst Friedrich Germar. The floury baker is the only described species in the genus Aleeta.

The floury baker's distinctive appearance and loud call make it popular with children. Both the common and genus name are derived from the white, flour-like filaments covering the adult body. Its body and eyes are generally brown with pale patterns including a light-coloured line along the midline of the pronotum. Its forewings have distinctive dark brown patches at the base of two of their apical cells. The female is larger than the male, although species size overall varies geographically, with larger animals associated with regions of higher rainfall. The male has distinctive genitalia and a loud and complex call generated by the frequent buckling of ribbed tymbals and amplified by abdominal air sacs.

The floury baker is solitary and occurs in low densities. Individuals typically emerge from the soil through a three-month period from late November to late February, and can be encountered until May. The floury baker is found on a wide variety of trees, with some preference for species of paperbark (Melaleuca). It is a relatively poor flier, preyed upon by cicada killer wasps and a wide variety of birds, and can succumb to a cicada-specific fungal disease.

Taxonomy
German naturalist Ernst Friedrich Germar described the floury baker in 1834 as Cicada curvicosta. Germar based the description on two specimens now in the Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford, but did not designate a type specimen and their exact locations were not recorded. In 2003, one of the original specimens was designated the lectotype and the other the paralectotype.

Prominent Swedish entomologist Carl Stål named the genus Abricta in 1866, and it was either treated as a subgenus of the genus Tibicen or a genus in its own right. Thus it became known as Tibicen curvicostus, and Abricta curvicosta from 1906. French entomologist Jean Baptiste Boisduval described two specimens collected from Port Jackson as Cicada tephrogaster (later Tibicen tephrogaster) in 1835; this has long been considered a junior synonym. However, a review of the genus in 2003 showed Abricta to be a disparate group of species, and the Australian members were moved to other genera. Max Moulds conducted a morphological analysis of the genus and found the cicadas split naturally into clades according to biogeographical region. Of the 15 Australian species, the floury baker was the earliest offshoot. Unpublished data confirmed it was quite genetically distant from the other 14 species, and so it was classified in a new monotypic genus Aleeta, while most of the others were placed in the genus Tryella. The morphological distinction between Aleeta and Tryella is based on two factors: A. curvicosta has a larger forewing size – rarely less than  and usually over , whereas Tryella is never above ; the uncal lobes of Aleeta distinctive male genitalia are downturned at their distal ends, whereas those of Tryella are upturned. The name Aleeta is derived from the Greek aleton meaning flour or meal.

The floury baker gains its common name from the appearance of having been dusted with flour, and both the vernacular terms baker and miller were in use by 1860. The name is sometimes corrupted as "flowery baker". As of 1905 the same name "floury baker" was also in use for another species of Australian cicada (Altria perulata, now Arunta perulata), which has white "sacks" as sounding boxes. That species is now commonly referred to as the "white drummer".

Phylogenetic evidence supports Aleeta and Tryella being the closest relatives to the famous periodical cicadas (genus Magicicada) of North America despite being widely geographically separated.

Description
With a body length of , forewings between  long, a wingspan of  and weighing around ,  the floury baker is a medium-sized cicada. Individuals markedly vary in size by region depending on local rainfall. Areas with an average annual rainfall of over  – mostly coastal – have much larger individuals, with average forewing lengths about  longer than those in low-rainfall areas.

The adult is brown with a white dusted appearance; white downy filaments cover much of the body, legs and some wing veins, but this silver body fur is easily rubbed off, and so is often substantially diminished in older adults and museum specimens. Individuals have a variety of body markings, but all have a pale midline on their pronotum. Their legs are brown, sometimes yellowish, but with no distinct markings. Their dry mass is on average 36.2% of their total bodymass, higher than most Australian cicadas, which suggests strong exoskeletal armour. Their eyes are dark brown. They have yellowish opercula that extend laterally well beyond the body. The female is slightly larger than the male,  She has generally similar colour and markings, though can be slightly paler in some areas. Her ninth abdominal segment is long and dark reddish-brown, sometimes partly tending toward black. Her ovipositor is long, with a downward tilt, and the ovipositor sheath is black or dark reddish brown.

The wings are transparent with black or brown veins and a brown-black patch at the base of apical cells 2 and 3. These patches are sometimes fused into a continuous zigzag of dark brown to black discolouration. The basal cell is often opaque and amber-coloured. As on many insects, the wing membranes are coated on either side by a repeating pattern of cuticular nanostructures, about 200 nm in height, separated by about 180 nm. These are thought to aid in anti-reflective camouflage, anti-wetting and self-cleaning.

The male call can be heard at any time of day and consists of an unusual hissing-type sound, starting as a series of one-second sibilant bursts about a second apart repeated more rapidly until they become a constant hiss lasting 7–10 s. Described as "rp, rp, rp, rp, rrrrrp", the sound is produced when single muscular contractions click the tymbal inward, buckling 7–9 of the tymbal ribs, each of which produces a pulse. This occurs alternately on the two tymbals and is rapidly repeated at a frequency of about 143 Hz (in groups of four except when the cicada is in distress – when they are ungrouped and at a lower frequency), giving a pulse repetition frequency of around 1050 per second, with a relatively broad sound frequency range of 7.5–10.5 kHz, that has a dominant frequency (at which the peak energy is observed) of 9.5–9.6 kHz.

The abdominal tracheal air sacs surround the sound muscles and extend into the abdomen, acting as resonant chambers to amplify sound. The floury baker rapidly extends or raises its abdomen, thus modulating the influence of the air sacs on the sound to change its volume, pitch or tune during the introduction to the free song. This can be heard when a cicada is undisturbed in its natural environment, while male cicadas use these calls to attract females. The species is one of Australia's loudest cicadas and has been termed "the best musician of them all".

The floury baker is distinguished from a similar undescribed species A.  curvicosta (the little floury baker) by the structure of the male genitalia and an audibly distinct call. Members of Aleeta and Tryella are easily distinguished from other Australian cicadas as they lack tymbal covers, while the costal margin of their forewings gets larger toward the point where the wing is attached to the body. In these genera it is clearly wider than the costal vein.

Life cycle
Eggs are laid in a series of slits usually cut by the mother's ovipositor in live branches or twigs of their food plants. On average about sixteen eggs, among a total batch of a few hundred, are laid in each slit. The batch all hatch around 70 days later – usually within a day or two of one another – but take longer in cold or dry conditions. Oviposition has been observed on a wide range of native and introduced plant species and can weaken the branches of young orchard trees such that they cannot sustain the load of their fruit.

After hatching, the nymphs fall from the branches to seek a crack in the soil where they can burrow, often to a depth of , by digging with their large forelegs. Larger species of cicada like A. curvicosta are thought to spend 2–8 years underground, during which time they grow and feed through their rostrum on the sap from tree roots. They moult five times before emerging from the ground to shed their final shell. Although consistently taking place at night, the emergence of the population is diffusely spread over the season in comparison to the more high-density Australian species. The sex ratio is about 1.15 males to every female, consistent throughout the emergence. The metabolic rate over a period of about 6.5 hours during emergence of A. curvicosta is about 1.8 times the resting metabolic rate of the adult. A South East Queensland study reported nymphs would emerge on most tree species but avoid Norfolk pine (Araucaria heterophylla) and broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia). The adults are usually found between November and May but are sometimes observed as early as September and until as late as June. They were recorded as appearing every year, mainly in December and January in western Sydney, with a similar 92-day emergence period from late November until late February recorded in South East Queensland. This makes it one of the last Australian cicadas to emerge each season. The nymph grips onto the tree bark with all of its legs, swallows air and redistributes haemolymph to split the cast down the center of its back. It then extracts its head and clypeus by hunching its body, and when these have emerged, arches back to draw the legs out of their casing. It then slowly unfolds its wings, finally bending forward and gripping onto the front of the shell to free its abdomen. Once free it hangs for hours more as the wings harden.

Once they reach adulthood most adult cicada species live for around another two to four weeks. During this time they feed on flowing sap from tree branches, and mating and egg laying occurs.

Distribution and habitat

The floury baker is found from the Daintree River in North Queensland to Bendalong in southern New South Wales. It is a highland species in the northern part of its range, restricted to the Atherton Tableland and Eungella National Park to the west of Mackay, but more a lowland species in the remainder of its range. It may be found in varied habitats, from rainforest margins to suburbs, even in the centre of Sydney.

Behaviour
Individuals are usually solitary, with a South-East Queensland study estimating densities of only 50 per hectare (compared to some other Australian species nearly two orders of magnitude more dense). The adult floury baker normally perches facing downwards and on branches of trees rather than trunks. It is found on a wide variety of plants, most commonly on species in the family Myrtaceae, more specifically various species of Melaleuca and Callistemon plants, as well as brown hazelwood (Lysicarpus angustifolius) and pegunny (Bauhinia hookeri). These are expected to also be nymphal food plants. The species was associated with white feather honeymyrtle (Melaleuca decora) in a study at three sites in western Sydney. The broad-leaved paperbark has been confirmed as a nymphal food plant.

Floury bakers are not proficient fliers compared with other Australian cicadas. They are slow, with a typical speed of , which rises to around  when they are pursued or provoked. They are only able to generate low aerodynamic power and their flights are relatively short, lasting around 3.4 s, with an average of 3.3 changes in direction. Nor are they adept at landing. The distance at which they react to an approaching observer is moderate, both when stationary and when in flight.

Predation
Bird predation of the adult cicada is common, with wrens and grey fantails, noisy miners, blue-faced honeyeaters, little wattlebirds, grey and pied butcherbirds, magpie-larks, Torresian crows, white-faced herons and even the nocturnal tawny frogmouth, all reported as significant predators. The frogmouths and bearded dragons have been observed feeding on emerging nymphs, however total nymphal mortality is estimated at under 10%.

The adults of some Australian cicada are subject to a cicada-specific fungus from the genus Massospora, which grows on their genitalia and abdominal cavity, eventually causing the tail end to drop off. Australian cicadas are further preyed on by the cicada killer wasp (Exeirus lateritius), which stings and paralyses cicadas high in the trees. Their victims drop to the ground where the cicada-hunter mounts and carries them, pushing with its hind legs, sometimes over a distance of . They are then shoved into the hunter's burrow, where the helpless cicada is placed on a shelf in an often extensive 'catacomb', to form food-stock for the wasp grub growing from the eggs deposited within.

In popular culture
The shells shed by the nymph, as with those of other cicada species, are often collected by children and sometimes attached to their clothing. Schoolchildren have been known to bring live adults into classrooms to startle the class with their "strident shrieking", typically to the observable displeasure of teachers. Children often climb trees to collect them, and keep them temporarily as pets in shoeboxes. They cannot easily be kept for longer than a day or two, given that they need flowing sap for food. A poem dedicated to the floury baker appeared in the Catholic Press in 1930, describing its life cycle to children.

See also
 List of cicadas of Australia

References

Cited text

External links

 A recording of A. curvicosta's call (MP3)

Insects described in 1834
Hemiptera of Australia


Suffix beginning with M

Empire MacAlpine
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Empire Magpie was a 6,211 GRT cargo ship which was built by Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Kearny, New Jersey. Completed as Bellemina for the United States Shipping Board (USSB). To MoWT in 1941 and renamed Empire Madge. Sold in 1946 to Williamson & Co, Hong Kong. Sold in 1948 to Yui Kong, China and renamed Jui Hsin. Sold in 1950 to Pacific Union Marine, Panama and renamed Atlantic Unity. Scrapped in April 1959 at Hirao, Japan.

Empire Mahseer
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Empire Maiden
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Empire Maisie
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Empire Malacca
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Empire Mallory
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Empire Malta
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Empire Marshland

Empire Marshland was a 683 GRT dredger which was built by William Simons & Co Ltd, Renfrew. Launched on 21 February 1946 and completed later that year. To the Admiralty and renamed W 30. Transferred in 1963 to the Ministry of Public Buildings & Works. Offered for sale in 1973 at Rosyth by the Board of Trade.

Empire Marston
Empire Marston was an 8,175 GRT tanker which was built by Furness Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Haverton Hill-on-Tees. Launched on 27 June 1946 as Empire Marston and completed in December 1946 as RFA Wave Pioneer. Arrived on 11 June 1960 at Inverkeithing, Fife for scrapping.

Empire Martaban
Empire Martaban was a 7,542 GRT cargo ship which was built by Burntisland Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Burntisland. Launched on 15 September 1944 and completed in November 1944. Sold in 1951 to Aviation & Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Avistone. Operated under the management of Purvis Shipping Co Ltd. Sold in 1960 to Faik Zeren, Turkey and renamed Turkiye. Scrapped in February 1972 at Istanbul.

Empire Martha
Empire Martha was a 292 GRT tug which was built by Cochrane & Sons Ltd, Selby. Launched on 28 April 1945 and completed in October 1945. Sold in 1947 to James Contracting & Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Foremost 106. Sold in 1949 to Union de Rem. et Sauv., Antwerp and renamed Georges Letzer. Fitted with a new diesel engine in 1964.

Empire Marvell
Empire Marvell was a 9,821 GRT tanker which was built by Sir J Laing & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 17 January 1942 and completed in April 1942. Sold in 1946 to Northern Petroleum Tank Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Bloomfield. Operated under the management of Hunting & Son Ltd. Sold in 1955 to D B & E A Montanari, Italy and converted to a bulk carrier. Sold in 1959 to Pacific Ruler Corporation, Liberia and renamed Panaghia T. Operated under the management of Tsakalatos Navigation Corporation, New York. On 8 August 1960 she ran aground  south of Tamandaré, Brazil after a fire broke out in her engine room. She was refloated on 5 September and towed to Recife. She left Recife under tow on 31 August 1961 and arrived at Ymuiden, Netherlands on 7 October. Arrived on 19 December 1961 at Vigo, Spain for scrapping.

Empire Mary
Empire Mary was a 487 GRT tug which was built by Clelands (Successors) Ltd, Willington Quay-on-Tyne. Launched on 17 October 1944 as Empire Jean and completed in January 1945 as Empire Mary. Sold in 1946 to Overseas Towage & Salvage Co Ltd and renamed Marinia. Sold in 1950 to Union des Remorquage de Dakar and renamed W Ponty. Renamed Ponty in 1954. Sold in 1961 to Société Belge Remorquage Oceanique, Ostend, Belgium and renamed Ocean Bull. Sold in 1965 to SA Italiene Lavore e Maritimi, Italy and renamed Nettuno. Renamed Nettuno Sailem in 1984 and scrapped in May 1985 in Palermo, Italy.

Empire Mascot
Empire Mascot was a 244 GRT tug which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle. Launched on 8 March 1943 and completed in May 1943. Sold in 1947 to Metal Industries Ltd and renamed Metinda IV. Sold in 1948 to Alexandra Towing Co Ltd and renamed Flying Kestrel. Scrapped in March 1969 at Passage West, Co Cork.

Empire Masefield
Empire Masefield was a 7,023 GRT cargo ship which was built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne. Launched on 26 August 1941 and completed in October 1941. Allocated to the Belgian Government in 1942 and renamed Belgian Seaman. Damaged on 13 January 1942 by enemy bombing off Yorkshire (), later repaired. Sold in 1946 to Armement Deppe SA, Belgium and renamed Anvers. Sold in 1952 to Compagnie Belge d'Expansion Maritimes and renamed Clervaux. Sold in 1960 to M Angelos Ltd, London and renamed Mihalis Angelos. Sold in 1963 to Maradelanto Compagnia Navigazione, operated under the management of M Angelos Ltd. sold in 1965 to Celestial Shipping Corporation SA, Panama and renamed Gloria. Operated under the management of Gloria Shipping Ltd, Hong Kong. Arrived on 6 December 1967 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan for scrapping.

Empire Mauritius
Empire Mauritius was a 7,320 GRT cargo ship which was built by Bartram & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 30 October 1944 and completed in February 1945. Sold in 1947 to Bury Hill Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Markab. Sold in 1956 to Motor Shipping Corporation of Seven Seas, Panama and renamed Matador. Sold in 1958 to J Manners Ltd, Hong Kong and renamed Yangtse Breeze. Sold in 1959 to the Chinese Government and renamed Hoping Wu Shi San. Renamed Ho Ping 53 c1979 and renamed Zhan Dou 53 c1985.

Empire Mavis
Empire Mavis was a 5,704 GRT (8,800 DWT) cargo ship which was built by Northwest Steel Co, Portland, Oregon. Completed in December 1918 as West Raritans for the USSB. To MoWT in 1941 and renamed Empire Mavis. Allocated to the Dutch Government in 1942 and renamed Jan van Goyen. Sold in 1946 to Halcyon Lijn NV, Netherlands and renamed Stad Maastricht. Sold in 1955 to Compagnia La Plana, Panama and renamed Amaver. Scrapped in January 1959 at Avilés, Spain.

Empire Maya
Empire Maya was a 394 coaster which was built by S P Austin & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 27 March 1945 and completed in July 1945. Sold in 1947 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Merliman. Sold in 1957 to A Gill & Co (Private) Ltd, India and renamed Margaret Rose was On 9 June 1959 she was hit by a tsunami off Okha Port and later capsized and sank off Dwarka.

Empire Maybury
Empire Maybury was a 394 GRT coaster which was built by Cook, Welton & Gemmell Ltd, Beverley. Launched on 10 July 1945 and completed in October 1945. Sold in 1948 to Ho Hong Steamship Co (1932) Ltd, Singapore and renamed Hong Ann. Sold in 1954 to Pacific Shipowners Ltd and renamed Ai Sokula. Operated under the management of W R Carpenter & Co Ltd, Australia. Sold in 1963 to Milne Bros, Marshall Islands and renamed Nei Raete II.

Empire Maydream
Empire Maydream was a 413 GRT coaster which was built by A Hall & Co Ltd, Aberdeen. Launched on 4 April 1946 as Empire Maydream and completed later that year as Maydream for Ta Hing (H K) Ltd, Hong Kong. Operated under the management of Mollers Ltd, Hong Kong. Renamed Wing Hing in 1947, now 563 GRT. sold in 1948 to Wallem & Co, Hong Kong. on 12 February 1950, she caught fire and was beached at Chilang Point, as a total loss. The wreck was reported as having been sold to a Chinese company on 9 June 1950.

Empire Mayflower
Empire Mayflower was a 394 GRT coaster which was built by Bartram & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 16 May 1945 and completed in September 1945. Sold in 1946 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd, Hong Kong. Renamed Malim in 1947. sold in 1956 to Eastern Starlines Ltd, Ceylon. Renamed Starline Merchant in 1957. Scrapped in January 1962 in Bombay, India.

Empire Mayland
Empire Mayland was a 394 GRT coaster which was built by Charles Hill & Sons Ltd, Bristol. Launched in August 1945 and completed in February 1946. Sold in 1948 to Ho Hong Steamship Co (1932) Ltd, Singapore and renamed Hong Soon. Sold in 1952 to the Government of Portuguese Timor and renamed D Aleixo. Sold in 1965 to Tat Pin Shipping & Trading Co, Singapore. Removed from shipping registers in 1966.

Empire Maymead
Empire Maymead was a 394 GRT coaster which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle. Launched in May 1945 and completed in November 1945. Sold in 1948 to Ho Hong Steamship Co (1932) Ltd, Singapore and renamed Hong Tat. Placed under the Chinese flag in 1955. Sold in 1957 to Hua Siang Steamship Co and renamed Hua Mui. Operated under the management of Chan Cheng Kum, Singapore. Sold in 1962 to Malayan Navigation Co Ltd, Singapore and renamed Hong Tat. Sold in 1965 to Madam Poonsri Sutharom, Thailand.

Empire Maymorn
Empire Maymorn was a 394 GRT coaster which was built by Charles Hill & Sons Ltd, Bristol. Launched on 31 December 1945 and completed in February 1946. Sold in 1947 to the Government of British Guiana and renamed Mazaruni. Transferred to the Government of Guyana when Guyana gained independence in 1966.

Empire Maymount
Empire Maymount was a 394 GRT coaster which was built by S P Austin & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 12 April 1945 and completed in August 1945. Sold in 1947 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Meluan. Sold in 1955 to A Gill & Sons (Private) Ltd, India and renamed Vir Pandian. On 28 July 1955, she ran aground at Gopinath, India. Declared a constructive total loss, sold and scrapped in situ.

Empire Mayport
Empire Mayport was a 394 GRT coaster which was built by Cook, Welton & Gemmell Ltd, Beverley. Launched in May 1945 and completed in September 1945. Sold in 1946 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd. Renamed Mentakab in 1947. Sold in 1953 to Cheong Steam Navigation Co and renamed Debora. Operated under the management of K S Pang, King Kong. Sold in 1954 to G Grimble & Co Ltd, Hong Kong and sold again later that year to Société Franco-Chinoise de Transports Maritime et Fluviaux, France. Now 554 GRT. Sold in 1960 to Malayan Navigation Co Ltd, Malaya. Sold in 1965 to Progress Shipping Co, Panama and renamed Bright Star. On 20 January 1966 she ran aground on a reef in the South China Sea  south-east of Da Nang, South Vietnam, () and wrecked.

Empire Mayring
Empire Mayring was a 394 GRT coaster which was built by Cochrane & Sons Ltd, Selby. Launched in August 1945 and completed in January 1946. Sold in 1947 to Ta Hing (H K) Ltd, Hong Kong and renamed Sing Hing. Now 565 GRT. Operated under the management of Mollers Ltd, Hong Kong. Sold in 1949 to Wallem & Co, Hong Kong. Sold in 1951 to Pakistan Steam Navigation Co Ltd, Pakistan and renamed Islamabad. Operated under the management of A K Khan & Co, Chittagong. To Bangladesh Steam Navigation Co Ltd, Bangladesh in 1972, remaining under Khan's management.

Empire Mayrose
Empire Mayrose was a 394 GRT coaster which was built by Bartram & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 16 May 1945 and completed in August 1945. Sold in 1947 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd, Hong Kong and renamed Mawai. Sold in 1954 to Pacific Shipowners Ltd and renamed Meklong. Operated under the management of W R Carpenter & Co Ltd, Australia. Sold in 1957 to Lanena Shipping Co Ltd, Hong Kong. Operated under the management of T Engan, Philippines. Sold in 1960 to Tonglik Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Karang Djawa. Operated under the management of P T Garina Line, Indonesia.

Empire Mayrover
Empire Mayrover was a 394 GRT coaster which was built by Cochrane & Sons Ltd, Selby. Launched on 8 September 1945 and completed in May 1946. Sold in 1947 to Ta Hing (H K) Ltd, Hong Kong and renamed Wa Hing, now 558 GRT. Operated under the management of Mollers Ltd, Hong Kong. Sold in 1949 to Indian General Navigation & Railway Co Ltd, Calcutta and renamed Mumtaz. Sold in 1961 to Pakistan River Steamers Ltd, Pakistan. transferred in 1972 to Bangladesh River Steamers Ltd, Bangladesh. To the Bangladeshi Government in 1972 and renamed C5-203.

Empire Maysong
Empire Maysong was a 394 GRT coaster which was built by Scott & Sons Ltd, Bowling, West Dunbartonshire. Launched on 20 December 1945 as Empire Maysong and completed in December 1948 as Lochbroom for David MacBrayne Ltd, Glasgow. Now fitted with a diesel engine and 325 GRT. Sold in 1972 to Focomar Shipping Co Ltd, Cyprus and renamed Focomar. Operated under the management of S C Vazeos, Greece. On 19 September 1974, she ran aground at Andros Island, Greece and sank in deep water.

Empire Maytime
Empire Maytime was a 394 GRT coaster which was built by Ailsa Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Troon. Launched on 25 April 1945 and completed in July 1945. Sold in 1947 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd, Hong Kong and renamed Membau. Sold in 1953 to Shun Cheong Steam Navigation Co and renamed Adelina. Operated under the management of K S Pang, Hong Kong. Sold in 1955 to Hong Phat Hang, South Vietnam, and renamed Nam Sanh. On 30 October 1971 she was stranded and wrecked in a typhoon at Chu Lai, South Vietnam.

Empire Maytown
Empire Maytown was a 394 GRT coaster which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle. Launched in August 1945 and completed in February 1946. Sold in 1947 to the Government of British Guiana and renamed Lady Berbice. Transferred to the Government of Guyana in 1966.

Empire Maytree
Empire Maytree was a 394 GRT coaster which was built by Ailsa Shipbuilding Ltd, Troon. Launched on 31 May 1945 and completed in August 1945. Sold in 1957 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd, Hong Kong and renamed Mantin. Sold in 1953 to Shun Cheong Steam Navigation Co and renamed Lorinda, now 554 GRT. Operated under the management of K S Pang, Hong Kong. Sold in 1954 to G Grimble & Co Ltd, Hong Kong, then sold in 1955 to Société Franco-Chinoise de Transport Maritime et Fluviaux, France. Sold in 1957 to the Indonesian Government and renamed Luen Hwa.

Empire Mead
Empire Mead was a 254 GRT tug which was built by Ferguson Bros, Port Glasgow. Launched on 6 April 1942 and completed in June 1942. Sold in 1948 to Nederland-Indonesia Steenkolen Handel Maatschappij and renamed Bodeker. Sold in 1959 to the Indonesian Government. Sold in 1961 to Tanjung Priok Port Authority and renamed Laut Belawan.

Empire Meadow
Empire Meadow was a 242 GRT tug which was built by J S Watson Ltd, Gainsborough.  Launched on 4 June 1942 and completed in August 1942. Sold in 1946 to J Cooper, Belfast and renamed Meadow. Fitted with a new diesel engine in 1963. Sold in 1969 to R & J H Rea Ltd, then sold in 1970 to Cory Ship Towage Ltd. Sold in 1973 to Maritime Commercial Enterprises, Greece and renamed Hector. Sold in 1978 to H N Spiliopoulos, Greece. Scrapped in December 1978 at Perama, Greece.

Empire Medway (I)
Empire Medway was a 10,926 GRT cargo liner which was built by Napier and Miller Ltd, Glasgow. Launched in 1929 as Eastern Prince for Furness, Withy & Co Ltd. Requisitioned in November 1940 and converted to a troopship. Used as a floating hotel for British and American delegates to the Yalta Conference. To MoWT in 1946, but not renamed until 1950 when Furness, Withy wished to use her name for a new ship. In collision with HMT Empire Ken in Valletta Harbour, Malta in 1951. Scrapped in 1953 at Faslane.

Empire Medway (II)
Empire Medway was a 2,391 GRT cargo ship which was built by Moss Værft & Dokk, Moss, Norway. in 1938 as Wandsbeck for Knohr & Burchard, Hamburg. Bombed and sunk on 21 July 1941 at Narvik. Salvaged on 21 March 1943 and repaired. Seized as a prize in May 1945. To MoWT and renamed Empire Medway. Allocated to USSR in 1946, renamed Aleksandr Pushkin. No trace after 1955.

Empire Melody
Empire Melody was a 2,887 GRT cargo ship which was built by Grangemouth Dockyard Co Ltd, Grangemouth. Launched on 27 August 1942 and completed in November 1942. Sold in 1946 to Fairplay Towage & Shipping Co Ltd, Avonmouth and renamed Lucy Borchard. Sold in 1950 to Constants (South Wales) Ltd, Cardiff and renamed Nordeflinge. Sold in 1955 to Socoa Shipping co Ltd and renamed Ines. Operated under the management of R de la Sota, France. Sold in 1962 to Zanlouk Compagnia Maritime SA, Panama and renamed Popi K. Sold in 1968 to Astrovlanis Compagnia Navigatione, Panama and renamed Gold Sky. Operated under the management of G Vlanis Shipping Ltd, Greece.

Sprang a leak on 19 December 1968 and sank  off Gibraltar (). Survivors rescued by MV Otto Leonhardt. Three crew remained on board and refused assistance from salvage tug Hercules, only leaving the ship when it was just about to sink. The ship was highly insured, but the insurers refused to pay out claiming she had been deliberately scuttled. In 1972, the ship's owners sued the insurers in the British Courts, and after a case that lasted 60 days, the Court found in the favour of the insurers.

Empire Merchant
Empire Merchant was a 3,457 GRT cargo ship which was built by Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Completed in 1938 as Pomona for F Laeisz & Co, Hamburg. Seized as a war prize on 3 September 1939 at South West India Dock, London. To Ministry of War Transport and renamed Empire Merchant. Torpedoed on 16 August 1940 and sunk by  at .

Empire Mercia

Empire Mercia was an 11,085 GRT refrigerated cargo ship which was built by Harland & Wolff Ltd, Belfast. Launched on 4 March 1946 as Empire Mercia and completed in December 1946 as Empire Star for Blue Star Line. Sold in 1950 to Lamport & Holt Line Ltd. Arrived on 16 October 1971 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan for scrapping.

Empire Merganser
Empire Merganser was a 6,220 GRT (9,400 DWT) refrigerated cargo ship which was built by Moore Shipbuilding Co, Oakland, California. Completed in January 1919 as Guimba for the USSB. Damaged by a mine in October 1919 off the mouth of the River Elbe. Repaired, but laid up in 1921. To MoWT in 1941 and renamed Empire Merganser. Sold in 1947 to United Whalers Ltd, London and renamed Ketos. Sold in 1949 to Hector Whaling Co Ltd, London. On 2 April 1951, an engine room explosion blew a hole in the hull. She sank on 3 April 1951 at .

Empire Merlin
Empire Merlin was a 5,680 GRT (8,800 DWT) cargo ship which was built by the Ames Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Seattle. Completed in 1919 as West Isleta for the USSB. To American South African Line in 1926. To MoWT in 1940 and renamed Empire Merlin. Torpedoed on 25 August 1940 by  and sunk at  while a member of Convoy HX 65.

Empire Mermaid
Empire Mermaid was a 6,319 GRT cargo ship which was built by Skinner & Eddy, Seattle. Completed as Endicott for the USSB. To MoWT in 1940 and renamed Empire Mermaid. Bombed on 26 March 1941  west of the Hebrides and was abandoned. Sank on 28 March at .

Empire Mersey
Empire Mersey was a 5,791 GRT cargo ship which was built by R Duncan & Co Ltd, Port Glasgow. Completed in 1920 as Ramon de Larrinaga for Larrinaga Steamship Co Ltd, London. On 8 February 1941 she sprang a leak  off the New Jersey coast. Beached on 9 February at Lewes, Delaware but capsized and sank the following day. Refloated on 26 June 1941 and towed to Philadelphia where she was declared a constructive total loss. Sold and repaired, to MoWT in 1942 and renamed Empire Mersey.

She was then fitted out for demonstration of the Cierva C.40 autogyro to the USN. On learning of US development of the helicopter was used with the Sikorsky R-4 helicopter.

Torpedoed on 14 October 1942 by  and sunk at  while a member of Convoy SC 104.

Empire Metal (I)

 was an 8,032 GRT tanker which was built by Furness Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Haverton Hill-on-Tees. Launched on 18 November 1941 as Empire Metal and completed in January 1942 as RFA Eaglesdale. Arrived on 29 November 1959 at Hamburg for scrapping.

Empire Metal (II)
 was an 8,201 GRT tanker which was built by Harland & Wolff Ltd, Govan. Launched on 30 June 1942 and completed in September 1942. Bombed on 2 January 1943 and sunk at Bône Harbour, Algeria. In August 1949 she was raised but broke in two. The stern section was beached at Grenouillère  in May 1950 and scrapped in situ. The bow section was towed to Savona, Italy for scrapping. Machinery was salvaged and shipped to Canada. It was installed in SS Captain C D Secord in 1954.

Empire Meteor
Empire Meteor was a 7,457 GRT cargo ship which was built by J L Thompson & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 3 September 1940 and completed in December 1940. Bombed on 29 June 1941 and damaged in the North Sea (). Towed to the Humber Estuary and then repaired at Hull. Sold in 1946 to United British Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Dorington Court. Operated under the management of Haldin & Co Ltd. Sold in 1956 to Insa Società di Navigazione, Genoa and renamed Giada. Sold in 1960 to P Kyprianou & Partners and renamed Sheikh. Operated under the management of P J Angouras, Greece. Came ashore on 2 October 1961 in a typhoon at Kita Daito Jima, Japan and broke in two. Sold locally for scrapping.

Empire Mica
Empire Mica was an 8,032 GRT tanker which was built by Furness Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Haverton Hill-on-Tees. Launched on 10 April 1941 and completed in July 1941. Torpedoed on 29 June 1942 by  and sunk at  near Apalachicola, FL.

Empire Might (I)
Empire Might was a 9,909 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Denny & Bros Ltd, Dumbarton. Launched on 26 May 1941 as Clan Buchanan. Requisitioned by the Admiralty for proposed conversion to an armed boarding vessel, name Empire Might allocated. A later proposal was to use her as an auxiliary seaplane carrier but she was completed in November 1941 as merchant aircraft ferry ship Engadine. Sold in May 1946 to Clan Line Steamers Ltd and renamed Clan Buchanan. Arrived on 14 November 1962 at Cartagena, Spain for scrapping.

Empire Might (II)
 was a 9,208 GRT cargo liner which was built by Greenock Dockyard Co Ltd, Greenock. Launched on 17 April 1942 and completed in August 1942. Managed by Blue Star Line for the MoWT. Sold in 1946 to Clan Line Steamers Ltd and renamed Clan Macrae. Sold in 1959 to Bullard, King & Co Ltd and renamed Umgeni. Sold in 1960 to Springbok Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Gemsbok. Sold in 1961 to South African Marine Corp Ltd and renamed South African Financier. Sold in 1962 to NV Redwijs, Baarn, Netherlands and renamed Santa Maria de Ordaz. Scrapped in March 1962 at Valencia, Spain.

Empire Milner
Empire Milner was an 8,135 GRT tanker which was built by Furness Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Haverton Hill-on-Tees. Launched on 9 February 1944 and completed in June 1944. Transferred to Royal Fleet Auxiliary in December 1946 and renamed RFA Wave Liberator. Arrived on 4 May 1959 at Hong Kong for scrapping.

Empire Miniver
Empire Miniver was a 6,055 GRT (8,800 DWT) cargo ship which was built by Columbia River Shipbuilding Corp, Portland, Oregon. Completed in December 1918 as West Cobalt for USSB. to Lykes Brothers-Ripley Steamship Co Inc in 1933. To MoWT in 1940 and renamed Empire Miniver. Torpedoed on 18 October 1940 and sunk by  northwest of Ireland, some  off Rathlin Head while a member of Convoy SC 7.

Empire Minnow
Empire Minnow was a 258 GRT tug which was built by Scott & Sons, Bowling, West Dunbartonshire. Launched on 24 September 1942 and completed in April 1943. Sold in 1948 to British India Steam Navigation Co Ltd and renamed Thika. Sold in 1951 to Britannia Steam Towing Co Ltd and renamed Clyneforth. Sold in 1962 to Alexandra Towing Co Ltd. Sold in 1966 to J S Latsis, Greece and renamed Ena. Scrapped in September 1969 at Piraeus, Greece.

Empire Minotaur
Empire Minotaur was a 235 GRT tug which was built by A Hall & Co Ltd, Aberdeen. Launched on 16 April 1942 and completed in July 1942. Sold in 1949 to Townsville Harbour Board, Australia and renamed Lalor. Scuttled in 1969 off Townsville, Queensland.

Empire Miranda
Empire Miranda was a 7,054 GRT cargo ship which was built by Lithgows Ltd, Port Glasgow. Launched on 18 March 1943 and completed in April 1943. Sold in 1947 to T & J Harrison Ltd and renamed Merchant. Sold in 1961 to Compagnia Navigazione Margalante, Panama and renamed Trito. Arrived on 26 May 1961 at Hong Kong for scrapping.

Empire Mist
Empire Mist was a 7,241 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Doxford & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 29 October 1940 and completed in March 1941. Sold in 1945 to King Line Ltd and renamed King David. Sold in 1963 to Wallem & Co Ltd, Hong Kong and renamed Hong Kong Venture. Operated under the management of T Y Chao, Hong Kong. Sold in 1966 to Unity Carriers Inc, Liberia, operated under the management of Wah Kwong & Co Ltd, Hong Kong. Arrived on 19 April 1969 in Hong Kong for scrapping.

Empire Moat
Empire Moat was a 2,922 GRT ore carrier which was built by Lithgows Ltd, Port Glasgow. Launched on 28 April 1941 and completed in July 1941. Torpedoed on 20 September 1941 by   west of Ushant, France () while a member of Convoy OG 74. Ship was abandoned but remained afloat although salvage was impracticable. Presumed to have sunk.

Empire Mole
Empire Mole was a 4,876 GRT cargo ship which was built by Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Completed in 1939 as Panther for Laeisz Line. Towed to Copenhagen for completion by Burmeister & Wain. Completed in 1941, requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine, converted to an auxiliary cruiser and renamed Salzburg. Seized in May 1945 in the Kiel Canal, to MoWT and renamed Empire Mole. Sold in 1947 to Elders & Fyffes Ltd and renamed Reventazon. Sold in 1963 to Jade Co Inc, Panama and renamed Kimolos. Sold in 1972 to G J Krargeorgis Shipping Ltd, Greece and renamed Vassilia K. Scrapped in December 1973 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Empire Mombasa
Empire Mombasa was a 7,319 GRT cargo ship which was built by Shipbuilding Corporation Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 28 May 1945 and completed in February 1946. Sold in 1946 to India Steamship Co Ltd, Calcutta and renamed Indian Enterprise. On 19 June 1950 she suffered an onboard explosion and sank  south of Suez () while carrying a cargo that included explosives.

Empire Moon
Empire Moon was a 7,472 GRT CAM ship which was built by J L Thompson & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 15 December 1940 and completed in May 1941.  Collided on 26 September 1941 with Empire Mallard near Point Armour, Strait of Belle Isle. Empire Mallard sank, Empire Moon only slightly damaged. Torpedoed on 22 July 1943 by  and damaged off Sicily (). Towed to Syracuse and beached. Refloated in June 1945 and towed to Palermo where she was repaired. Sold in 1949 to Mediterranean Steamship Co Ltd, London and renamed Ionian Moon. Sold in 1953 to Sterling Shipping Co Ltd, Bahamas and renamed Sterling Victory. Operated under the management of A Vergottis Ltd, London. Sold in 1957 to Compagnia Navigazione Campos, Panama and renamed Alma, flying the Liberian flag. Sold in 1968 to Compagnia Navigazione Campos, Panama and renamed Campos. Operated under the management of Michalinos Maritime & Commercial Co Ltd, Greece. Scrapped in March 1970 at Shanghai.

Empire Moonbeam
Empire Moonbeam was a 6,849 GRT cargo ship which was built by Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock Co Ltd, Hong Kong. Launched on 31 March 1941 and completed in June 1941. Torpedoed on 12 September 1942 and damaged by  then torpedoed by  and sunk at  while a member of Convoy ON 127.

Empire Moonrise
Empire Moonrise was a 6,854 GRT cargo ship which was built by Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock Co Ltd, Hong Kong. Launched on 14 June 1941 and competed in August 1941. Damaged on 9 April 1942 by enemy bombing at Colombo, Ceylon. Sold in 1945 to Gowan Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Hartland Point. Operated under the management of D J McLaren & Co Ltd, London. Sold in 1947 to James Burness & Sons Ltd, London and renamed Burmount. Sold in 1954 to Maritima Mensabe SA and renamed Marilena. Operated under the management of J P Hadoulis Ltd, London. Sold in 1957 to Compagnia y de Comercio Athamas Ltda, Costa Rica and renamed Athamas. Sold in 1966 to Agenor Shipping Ltd, Cyprus. Arrived on 27 September 1966 at Whampoa, Hong Kong for scrapping.

Empire Moorhen
Empire Moorhen was a 5,628 GRT (8,800 DWT) cargo ship which was built by Columbia River Shipbuilding, Portland, Oregon. Completed in December 1918 as West Totant for the USSB. To MoWT in 1941 and renamed Empire Moorhen. Sunk on 9 June 1944 as part of Gooseberry 4, Juno Beach, Courseulles-sur-Mer, Calvados. Raised in 1947 and scrapped at Troon, Ayrshire.

Empire Moorland
Empire Moorland was a 683 GRT dredger which was built by William Simons & Co Ltd, Renfrew. Launched on 21 December 1945 and completed in 1946. To the Admiralty in 1946 and renamed  W 98. Renamed W 29 in 1948. To Ministry of Public Buildings & Works in 1963. Offered for sale at Portsmouth by the Board of Trade in 1972.

Empire Moose
Empire Moose was a 6,103 GRT cargo ship which was built by Virginia Shipbuilding Corp, Alexandria, Virginia. Completed in 1920 as Colin H Livingstone for the United States Transportation Co. To USSB in 1923 and renamed Oakwood. To Lykes Brothers-Ripley Steamship Co Inc. To MoWT in 1940 and renamed Empire Moose. Torpedoed on 29 August 1940 by  and sunk at  when a straggler from Convoy OA 204.

Empire Mordred
Empire Mordred was a 7,030 GRT cargo ship which was built by C Connell & Co Ltd, Glasgow. Launched on 15 June 1942 and completed in August 1942. Hit a mine on 7 February 1943 at  and broke in two. The bow section sank, and the stern section initially remained afloat but sank before a tug arrived to tow it to port.

Empire Morley
Empire Morley was a 7,068 GRT cargo ship which was built by Shipbuilding Corporation Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne. Launched on 28 November 1944 and completed in February 1945. Sold in 1947 to Tower Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Tower Grange. Operated under the management of Counties Ship Management Co Ltd. Sold in 1950 to London & Overseas Freighters Ltd and renamed London Trader, then sold later that year to Compagnia Maritime Azores, Liberia and renamed Nico. Scrapped in June 1969 at Etajima, Japan.

Empire Morn
Empire Morn was a 7,092 GRT CAM ship which was built by Vickers-Armstrongs Ltd, Barrow in Furness. Launched on 1 July 1941 and completed in September 1941. Damaged on 26 April 1943 by a mine off Rabat, Morocco at  beached and initially expected to be declared a total constructive loss. Refloated and towed to Gibraltar, arriving on 1 September 1943. Used as a storage hulk. Sold in 1947 to F M Pereda, Spain and renamed San Antonio. Towed to Cadiz, arriving on 12 March 1947 and renamed Rio Pas. Repaired, with a new stern section. Sold in 1962 to Maritima Colonial y de Comercio SA, Spain. Scrapped in 1973 in Santander, Spain.

Empire Mortimer
Empire Mortimer was a 7,051 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Gray & Co Ltd, West Hartlepool.  Launched on 23 December 1943 and completed in March 1943.  Sold in 1947 to Norwood Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Lord Gladstone. Operated under the management of Ships Finance & Management Ltd, London. sold in 1958 to Compagnia de Navigazione San Antonio Ltd, Costa Rica and renamed Olga Minacoulis. Sold in 1964 to San Antonio Shipping Ltd, Malta and renamed St Antonio. Sold in 1966 to Danish shipbreakers, resold and arrived under tow on 3 February 1966 at Santander, Spain for scrapping.

Empire Mouflon
Empire Mouflon was a 3,329 GRT (5,530 DWT) cargo ship which was built by Hanlon Dry Dock and Shipbuilding, Oakland, California. Completed in 1921 as Memnon for the USSB. To Columbia River Packers Association in 1925. To MoWT in 1940 and renamed Empire Mouflon. New boilers fitted in 1943 after continuing problems with old boilers. Sold in 1946 to Sir R Ropner & Co Ltd and renamed Preston. Sold in 1951 to Compagnia Maritime Avance SA, Panama and renamed Avance. Sold in 1957 to Avlis Shipping Co SA and renamed Avlis. Operated under the management of G Dracopoulos, Greece. Scrapped in June 1962 at Piraeus, Greece.

Empire Moulmein
Empire Moulmein was a 7,047 GRT cargo ship which was built by John Readhead & Sons Ltd, South Shields. Launched on 8 June 1944 and completed in August 1944. Allocated to the French Government in 1945 and renamed Colonel Vieljeux. Sold in 1948 to Nouvelle Compagnie Havraise Peninsulaire de Navigation, Paris and renamed Ville de Diego Suarez. Sold in 1961 to Société Anonyme Monegasque d'Armement et de Navigation, Monaco and renamed Vimy. Sold in 1962 to Sadikolgu, riza ve Aslan, ve Ortagi Adi Komandit Sirketi, Turkey and renamed Demirhan. Sold in 1966 to Manizade Vapuru Donmata Istiraki and renamed Manizade. Scrapped in March 1976 at Aliaga, Turkey.

Empire Mountain
Empire Mountain was a 2,906 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Gray & Co Ltd, West Hartlepool. Launched on 3 April 1943 and completed in June 1943. Sold in 1951 to Moller Line Ltd and renamed Hannah Moller. Operated under the management of Mollers Ltd, Hong Kong. Sold in 1951 to Mount Line Ltd and renamed Mount Parker, remaining under Mollers' management. Sold in 1952 to the Australian Shipping Board and renamed Carcoola. Sold in 1952 to Cambay Prince Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Tees Breeze. Operated under the management of J Manners & Co Ltd, Hong Kong. Sold in 1964 to Oriental Trader Navigation Co SA, Panama and renamed Victoria Trader. Operated under the management of China Pacific Navigation Co Ltd, Hong Kong. Scrapped in July 1967 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Empire Mowddach
Empire Mowddach was a 3,410 GRT cargo ship which was built by Bremer Vulkan Schiff- und Maschinenbau, Vegesack. Completed in 1935 as Pontos for F Laeisz, Hamburg. Requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in 1940. Seized at Flensburg in May 1945. To MoWT and renamed Empire Mowddach. Sold in 1947 to Elders & Fyffes Ltd and renamed Nicoya. Scrapped in 1959 at Briton Ferry, West Glamorgan.

Empire Mull
Empire Mull was a 797 GRT coastal tanker, built by Grangemouth Dockyard Co Ltd, Grangemouth. Launched on 22 May 1944 and completed in August 1944. Allocated in 1946 to the French Government and renamed Medea. Sold in 1950 to Compagnie Franco-Africaine de Navigation, France. Sold in 1951 to Société Navale d L'Ouest, France, then sold again later that year to G S Stein KG, Germany and renamed Christine. Sold in 1956 to Bulk Oil Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Pass of Kintail. Sold in 1963 to Navalpetroli Società di Navigazione, Italy and renamed Passamare. Sold in 1965 to Seka SA and renamed Kali Limenes. Operated under the management of N Vardinoyannis, Greece. On shipping registers until 1986.

Empire Mustang
Empire Mustang was a 242 GRT tug which was built by J S Watson Ltd, Gainsborough. Launched on 2 June 1943 and completed in August 1943. Sold in 1947 to Tees Towing Co Ltd and renamed Dundas Cross. Sold in 1958 to Newport Screw Towing Co Ltd and renamed Duneagle. Sold in 1965 to Tsavliris Ltd, Greece and renamed Nisos Syros. Sold in 1975 to Maritime Commercial Enterprises, Greece. Scrapped in 1976 in Greece.

See also
The above entries give a precis of each ship's history. For a fuller account see the linked articles.

Sources

References

M


Psaltoda plaga is a species of cicada native to eastern Australia, from Maryborough in central Queensland to Bega in southern New South Wales. Adult cicadas appear over the summer and inhabit forested areas near bodies of water. The predominantly black form from the Sydney and Central Coast regions is commonly known as the black prince, while the term silver knight is used for the species as a whole.

Taxonomy
The black prince was originally described by German naturalist Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1834 as Cicada argentata, the species name derived from the Latin argentum "silver". Swedish entomologist Carl Stål defined the new genus Psaltoda in 1861 with three species, including the black prince as Psaltoda argentata. Meanwhile,  English entomologist Francis Walker described Cicada plaga in 1850 as well as querying further specimens as Cicada argentata. He noted in 1858 that the binomial Cicada argentata had been used by a European species, and declared that Germar's cicada needed a new name. The older combination was ruled invalid as the binomial name Cicada argentata had been originally used for a European cicada now known as Cicadetta argentata, and the black prince became Psaltoda plaga.

Psaltoda mossi is similar to P. plaga in colour and brown discoloration on the wing, but has its prominent postclypeus and large abdominal tergite 3 suggest a closer relationship with P. flavescens. Psaltoda harrisii is also similar, but is smaller and lacks the wing infuscation. Relationships of the members of the genus Psaltoda remain unclear pending a full phylogenetic investigation.

The name black prince was in popular use by 1923.  It was reported by McKeown in 1942 as referring to a dark form of the green grocer (Cyclochila australasiae forma spreta), but was later linked to Psaltoda plaga. It is used for the darker form of the species, while the name silver knight is used for the olive and green colour forms.

Description

This species can be recognised by its forewing having a zigzag infuscation (dark marking) near the apex, while the hindwing lacks an infuscation around the border (unlike the related P. moerens). Adult males have forewing length of 38-47 mm, while adult females are slightly smaller with forewing length 37-45 mm.

The colour of adult male black prince varies with age and locality. Around Sydney north to the Hunter River, it is very dark, predominantly black, with some brown markings; the abdomen black above and brown below. The eyes are brown. Further north from Brunswick Heads to Coolum Beach, the black prince exhibits more green markings instead of brown, and is lighter overall in coloration. Individuals with green and black markings resemble the green baron (Psaltoda magnifica) of North Queensland.

There are two components of the call; a rhythmic revving, which is more prevalent when the weather is cooler, and a continuous call, more common in hot weather.

Distribution and habitat
The black prince is found from the vicinity of Maryborough in Queensland through eastern New South Wales to Bega on the state's south coast. Although it can reach as far inland as Stanthorpe, Warwick, Inverell, Coonabarabran, Molong and Cowra, it is generally more abundant in coastal areas. It may occur locally in massive numbers, at times in mountainous areas up to  altitude, with swarms of cicadas in some summers. They were recorded as appearing every year, mainly between December and March in western Sydney.

Some permanent water such as rivers and swamps is a prerequisite for habitat, and trees preferred include broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), mangroves, and river sheoak (Casuarina cunninghamiana), as well as rough-barked apple (Angophora floribunda), English sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and weeping willow (Salix babylonica). The species was associated with white feather honeymyrtle (Melaleuca decora) and swamp sheoak (Casuarina glauca) in a study at three sites in western Sydney. Cicadas perch on branches rather than the trunk.

Life cycle

The cicada spends seven years underground in nymph form drinking sap from the roots of plants before emerging from the Ground as an adult. Species on which it feeds include weeping willow, river sheoak, rough-barked apple and various eucalypts.  The adults, which live for four weeks, fly around, mate, and breed over the summer.

In one field study in southeastern Queensland, black princes emerged en masse over a 10- to 15-day period in late November to early December, with successive nymphs emerging in gradually fewer numbers over the following 75–80 days until early March. At peak emerging periods, up to 300 cicadas would alight on a single tree.

Predators
A 1995 paper found that the black prince and related redeye (Psaltoda moerens) are favoured food items of the noisy friarbird, which swallows them head-first and whole. The width of its gape size is similar to that of the two cicada species. Red wattlebirds have been found to ignore the cicadas, possibly because their gapes are not wide enough to accommodate swallowing them whole. Noisy miners, blue-faced honeyeaters, little wattlebirds, grey and pied butcherbirds, magpie-larks, Torresian crows, white-faced herons and even the nocturnal tawny frogmouth, have all been reported as significant predators.  The frogmouths and bearded dragons have been observed feeding on emerging nymphs, however total nymphal mortality is estimated at under 10%. The black prince is also preyed upon by the cicada killer wasp (Exeirus lateritius), which stings and paralyses the cicada before storing it in its burrow with the wasp egg, and larva which awakes and consumes the hapless insect.

Popular culture
Live cicadas are often collected by climbing trees, a common cause of summertime broken arms. The cicadas can be kept temporarily as pets in shoeboxes, but not easily for longer than a day or two, given that they need flowing sap for food. Highly regarded by schoolchildren, the black prince was valued at "three cherrynoses, four floury bakers, five yellow mondays or a thousand green grocers" by Australian journalist Peter FitzSimons in his childhood. Although they were held by schoolchildren to be rare, black princes were more common along riverbanks rather than suburban areas. Local folklore held that chemists would pay a dollar for the wings. Cicada expert Max Moulds has suggested this may be because Chinese immigrants valued them in Chinese herbal medicine in the 19th century gold rush, perhaps because they resemble the widely used Asian black and scarlet cicada (Huechys sanguinea).

References

External links

Psaltodini
Hemiptera of Australia
Insects described in 1850


Chinese Professional Baseball League recognizes runs batted in champions  each season.

Champions

External links

Chinese Professional Baseball League lists
Chinese Professional Baseball League awards


Aaron Bunsen Lerner (September 21, 1920 – February 3, 2007), also known in scientific articles as Aaron B. Lerner, was an American physician, researcher and professor.

Life and career
Born in 1920 in Minneapolis, Lerner received his medical degree and a PhD in chemistry from the University of Minnesota in 1945. After teaching at the universities of Michigan and Oregon, he joined the Yale University School of Medicine as an associate professor of medicine in 1955. The following year he became director of the dermatology section within the Department of Internal Medicine, and when the Department of Dermatology was established in 1971 he was appointed its first chair. When Professor Lerner retired in 1991, he was named a Professor Emeritus of Dermatology. He was in 1973 elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences (Medical physiology and metabolism).

Dr. Lerner is perhaps best known for leading the team of researchers who isolated and named, in 1958, the hormone melatonin. He was an expert in the metabolic basis of inherited diseases, particularly vitiligo for which he, in the 1980s, developed a skin transplantation therapy. Lerner also isolated the compound melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).

Dr. Lerner was married to Marguerite Rush Lerner, M.D., an author of children's books and a book about admission to medical school (Medical School: The Interview and the Applicant). Their sons Ethan A. Lerner, M.D., Ph.D. and Michael R. Lerner, M.D., Ph.D. are both dermatologists and successful entrepreneurs. Ethan Lerner is associate professor of dermatology at Harvard Medical School and the Massachusetts General Hospital. Michael Lerner is in practice in San Diego, California.

References

External links
 Aaron Lerner Papers (MS 1896). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.

American dermatologists
1920 births
2007 deaths
University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering alumni
Yale School of Medicine faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
American medical researchers
University of Minnesota Medical School alumni
Members of the National Academy of Medicine


Vito Žuraj (born 7 May 1979) is a Slovenian composer whose works are played internationally.

Career
Born in Maribor, he obtained a degree in composition and music theory with Marko Mihevc at the Ljubljana Academy of Music. He then moved to Dresden to further his education at the Hochschule für Musik Carl Maria von Weber with Lothar Voigtländer, and moved to study with Wolfgang Rihm at the Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe, where he completed a master's degree in computer music, supervised by Thomas A. Troge.

Žuraj writes chamber, vocal and symphonic music. He has composed for Boštjan Lipovšek, among others. Several of his symphonic works have been performed by the Maribor Philharmonic, the RTV Slovenia Symphony Orchestra, and the Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra, with Simon Robinson, Lior Shambadal and Marko Letonja conducting. Festivals included the Salzburg Festival, the Ultraschall festival in Berlin, the Darmstädter Ferienkurse and the Wittener Tage für neue Kammermusik, the Gaudeamus Muziekweek and the Takefu International Music Festival in Japan. His works have been commissioned and performed by orchestras including the New York Philharmonic, the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the hr-Sinfonieorchester, and by ensembles such as Ensemble Modern, Klangforum Wien, Ensemble Recherche, and the RIAS Kammerchor, by coductors such as Sylvain Cambreling, Beat Furrer, Johannes Kalitzke, Brad Lubman, Franck Ollu, Matthias Pintscher and .

Awards
 2017 Claudio Abbado Composition Prize of the Orchester-Akademie of the Berlin Philharmonic

Discography
 Maxply (2010)
 Crosscourt (2008)
 Chamber Music (2003)
 Composer's presentation – Vito Žuraj (2001)

References

External links

Slovenian composers
Male composers
1979 births
Living people
University of Ljubljana alumni
Musicians from Ljubljana
Slovenian male musicians


Hypnotized and Hysterical (Hairstylist Wanted) (original title: Filles perdues, cheveux gras English: Lost Girls, Greasy Hair) is a 2002 French musical comedy-drama film about the crossing paths of three lost young women. It was directed by Claude Duty.

The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on 17 May 2002.

Plot

Three lost women cross paths and help each other. Elodie (Olivia Bonamy) wants her daughter back, Natacha (Marina Foïs) wants her cat back, and Marianne (Amira Casar) wants her soul back.

Cast

 Amira Casar as Marianne
 Marina Foïs as Natacha
 Olivia Bonamy as Élodie
 Charles Berling as Arnaud
 Sergi López as Philippe
 Léa Drucker as Coraline
 Esse Lawson as Cindy
 Margot Abascal as Corine
 Evelyne Buyle as Madame Pélissier
 Judith El Zein as Marianne's Mother
 Béatrice Costantini as Natasha's boss
 Amadou Diallo as Kirikou
 Jean-François Gallotte as Jean-François
 Amelle Chahbi as Karine
 Lorella Cravotta as Chief Nurse
 Lise Lamétrie as Elodie's colleague

Accolades

References

External links

2002 films
2000s musical comedy-drama films
French musical comedy-drama films
2002 directorial debut films
2002 comedy films
2002 drama films
2000s French films


The 1801 series CPUs were a family of 16-bit Soviet microprocessors based on the indigenous  microarchitecture cores, but binary compatible with DEC's PDP-11 machines. First released in 1980, various models and variants of the series were among the most popular Soviet microprocessors and dominated embedded systems and military applications of the 1980s. They were also used in widely different areas such as graphing calculators () and industrial CNCs (Elektronika NC series), but arguably their most well-known use was in several Soviet general-purpose mini- and microcomputer designs like  the SM EVM, DVK, UKNC, and BK families. Due to being the CPU of the popular Elektronika BK home computer, used in its late years as a demo machine, as well as the DVK micros that often offered a first glimpse into the UNIX world, this processor achieved something of a cult status among Soviet and then Russian programmers, and to a lesser extent, international programmers.

Development
The history of this CPU stems from the early 1970s, when the group of engineers in Zelenograd's Special Computing Center, led by D.I. Yuditsky, developed their first 16-bit minicomputer, called Elektronika NC-1. This machine, intended to directly compete with SM EVM series, was first released in 1973 and used the bit slice 4-bit 587 CPU, sometimes called the first Soviet microprocessor ever. Its descendants proved popular and were widely used in various control systems and telecom equipment. However, the bit-slice nature of their CPUs made these machines somewhat unwieldy, especially in military applications, and the need for a single-chip microprocessor was identified.

In 1980 the first 1801 CPU intended to fill this niche, K1801VE1, entered production. It was essentially a microcontroller with 256 bytes of on-chip RAM, 2K ROM and other peripheral circuitry, still based on Elektronika NC instruction set, but compatible with a Soviet clone of DEC's Q-Bus that was already adopted as an industry standard — a first sign of things to come. Its peripheral circuits were underutilized by the industry, as it was mostly used as a general-purpose CPU, rather than a microcontroller, so it was decided to simplify the chip, removing unnecessary devices from the die. But by that time its parent organization, the SCC, has already lost in the power games that plagued Soviet industry.

By its nature, Soviet industry was an extremely bureaucratic structure, so decision making process was often driven not by technical or economical considerations, but by the results of the games of influence between various organizations and officials. SCC, despite its technical successes and popularity of its designs, was not without its opponents and even enemies. While its staff had an aversion to copying and reverse engineering Western technology, many groups within the Ministry of Electronic Industry argued for it as a quicker and more secure way to meet the needs. These groups eventually prevailed, and in 1976 the SCC was essentially disbanded, its technical base passing to the Angstrem plant while some of its research labs were joined to the Research Institute of Precision Technology (which didn't really need them), and others forming a research arm of the newly formed NPO Scientific Center.

Discontinuation
This sudden reorganization resulted in the abandonment of the Elektronika NC architecture (it continued only in CNCs based on an NC-1 machine, some of which are used up to this day) and the adoption of the PDP-11 compatibility as a MEI standard, a process sometimes called PDP revolt in Russian literature. Thus, the microcode for the new simplified CPU was redesigned and made compatible with LSI-11 instruction set. The new processor was released in 1982, designated K1801VM1. It was supplemented by the 600-gate KR1801VP1 () gate array, which was used to implement various support circuitry, 64 Kib KR1801RE2 ROM chip, and 64 Kib K573RF3 EPROM. Together they constituted the first widely used generation of 1801 family. The KR18101VP1 gate array was later manufactured by a number of second sources: Exiton Pavlovsky Posad, SEMZ Solnechnogorsk, and Intermos in Hungary.

Technical characteristics
All CPUs in the family were single-chip 16-bit microprocessors based on  microarchitecture, however only the first one, the K1801VE1 microcontroller, used the Electronica NC instruction set. Others have an updated microcode implementing the LSI-11 architecture. Various models differed in clock speed, instruction set (the first models lacked the MUL and DIV commands, for example), package and address bus width (the latest models supported 22-bit addressing). In terms of raw processing power, it is roughly comparable to US-made Intel 286.

K1801VE1
 Instruction set: Elektronika NC
 Technology: nMOS
 Bus: Q-bus, multiplexed
 Clock speed: 100 kHz — 2 MHz
 Package: 42-pin ceramic planar, kind of cross between CERDIP and SOIC
 Microcontroller
 RAM: 256 bytes (128 16-bit words)
 ROM: 2 Kib (1024 16-bit words)

K1801VM1

 Instruction set: LSI-11; supported EIS instructions: XOR, SOB, MUL (MUL only in the rare 1801VM1G variant)
 Technology: 5 μm nMOS
 Die size: 5x5 mm, 16646 transistors
 Bus: МПИ (Q-Bus, multiplexed)
 Clock speed: 100 kHz — 5 MHz
 Voltage: +5 V
 Power: 1.2 W
 Package: 42-pin ceramic planar (K1801VM1, image above) or plastic planar (KR1801VM1)
 Variants:
 A (А) — max. clock frequency 5 MHz (often marked with one dot on the package)
 B (Б) — max. clock frequency 4 MHz
 V (В) — max. clock frequency 3 MHz
 G (Г) — max. clock frequency 5 MHz; MUL instruction is supported (often marked with two dots on the package)
 Second source: Exiton Pavlovsky Posad

K1801VM2

 Instruction set: LSI-11 (MUL/DIV included, FIS codes implemented by ROM interrupt routines)
 Technology: 4 μm nMOS (a later CMOS version was designated 1806VM2)
 Die size: 5.3x5.35 mm, 18500 transistors
 Bus: МПИ (Q-Bus, multiplexed)
 Clock speed: 2 — 10 MHz
 Voltage: +5 V
 Power: 1.7 W
 Package: 40-pin CERDIP (KM1801VM2) or PDIP (KR1801VM2, military variant R1802VM2)
 Second source: SEMZ Solnechnogorsk

It has two different address spaces and the ability to quickly switch between them. They were used in implementing the FIS instruction subset, with instructions processed not in microcode, but as interrupt handlers in shadow ROM.

K1801VM3
 Instruction set: LSI-11; EIS and MMU (MTPD, MTPI, MFPD, MFPI) included
 Technology: 4 μm nMOS (later CMOS versions were designated 1806VM3U, 1806VM5U and N1836VM3)
 Die size: 6.65x8 mm, 28900 transistors
 Bus: МПИ (Q-Bus, multiplexed)
 Clock speed: 4 — 6 MHz, and 8 MHz from 1991
 Voltage: +5 V
 Power: 1.7 W
 Package: 64-pin CERDIP (KM1801VM3) or 64-pin CQFP (N1801VM3)
 Address bus: 22-bit
 Supports floating point coprocessor

K1801VM4
 Floating point coprocessor for K1801VM3, 32/64 bit, clocked at 6 MHz (8 MHz after 1991)
 Technology: nMOS (later CMOS versions were designated 1806VM4U and N1836VM4)
 DEC PDP-11 FPU instructions LDUB, LDSC, STA0, STB0 and STQ0 have not been implemented.
 Package: 64-pin plastic planar (KA1801VM4) or 64-pin CQFP (KN1801VM4)

Further development

1806 series
 All devices in the 1806 series are manufactured in CMOS technology and require a +5 V power supply.
 1806VM2: functionally equivalent to the nMOS K1801VM2; clock speed 5 MHz; 42-pin ceramic planar package; 134636 transistors
 N1806VM2: functionally equivalent to the nMOS K1801VM2; clock speed 5 MHz; 64-pin CQFP; 134636 transistors; manufactured by Fizika Moscow as a second source
 1806VM3U: functionally equivalent to the nMOS K1801VM3; clock speed 8 MHz; 64-pin CQFP
 1806VM4U: functionally equivalent to the nMOS K1801VM4; clock speed 8 MHz; 64-pin CQFP
 1806VM5U: functionally equivalent to the nMOS K1801VM3; clock speed 16 MHz; 64-pin CQFP
 Similar to the 1801VP1 for the 1801 series, peripheral functions for the 1806 series are implemented using the gate arrays 1806VP1 (), 1806KhM1 (, later renamed to 1806BTs1, ), and 1582VZh3 ().

KA1013VM1

 Technology: CMOS
 Clock speed:  — 2 MHz
 Voltage: +4.5 ... +6 V
 Microcontroller. It uses an 1806VM2 core with support logic implemented in ULAs placed on the same die. Includes keyboard controller, UART, parallel interface, MMU, watchdog timer and PMU. Memory is external. The development version was called T36VM1-2.

1836 series
 All devices in the 1836 series are manufactured in CMOS technology and require a +5 V power supply. They are manufactured by Fizika Moscow as a second source.
 N1836VM3: functionally equivalent to the nMOS K1801VM3; clock speed 25 MHz; 64-pin CQFP
 N1836VM4: functionally equivalent to the nMOS K1801VM4; clock speed 16 MHz; 64-pin CQFP

Use
These CPUs were used in:
 Soyuz-Neon PC-11/16 PC, roughly similar to AT in performance (N1806VM2)
 DVK series professional micro computers (various)
 UKNC educational computers (KM1801VM2)
 BK home computers (KM1801VM1)
 BASIC-programmable calculator "Elektronika MK-85" (; based on KA1013VM1)
 Elektronika NC-31 lathe-control CNC
 Elektronika IM-05 chess computer (1801VM2)
 "Romashka" electronic typewriter (1801VM2)
 Buran space shuttle (1806 series)
 Various military and industrial applications
 Hungarian computers SZAMALK Mikrosztar 1123, MTA KFKI TPA-11/30 (both K1801VM2)

See also
 Soviet integrated circuit designation

References

External links

Computing in the Soviet Union
Soviet inventions
PDP-11
16-bit microprocessors


Hopewell Hall is a settlement in Saint Thomas Parish, Jamaica.

References

Populated places in Saint Thomas Parish, Jamaica


George Duckett may refer to:

 George Duckett (Calne MP) (1684–1732), British MP for Calne
 Sir George Duckett, 1st Baronet (1725–1822), born George Jackson, British MP for Weymouth & Melcombe Regis, Colchester
 Sir George Duckett, 2nd Baronet (1777–1856), British landowner and politician, son of the above
 Sir George Floyd Duckett (1811–1902), English soldier and antiquarian, son of the above
 George Duckett (police officer), Commissioner of Police of Bermuda, who was murdered

See also
 Duckett (surname)


Andrín is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in Llanes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Population
Andrín has a population of 156 inhabitants (INE 2006) spread across 87 households and 5.45 km².

Monuments
In the village, there is the chapel of Nuestra Señora (15th or 16th century) and the San Juan Bautista church (1895).

There are also several mansions among which are the Beltrán (18th century), home of Count Vega del Sella (17th century).

Villages
Andrín

References

Parishes in Llanes


Hopewell is a settlement and fishing village in Hanover Parish, Jamaica, located 15 kilometres west of Montego Bay. It is the location of Round Hill Hotel and Villas, a historic beachfront resort. A small fleet of fishing boats operates from the beach to the west of the center of town.

Old Steamer Beach
Hopewell is the location of Old Steamer Beach, west of the main center of the parish. The skeleton of the U.S.S. Caribou, a wood hull steamer dating from 1887 that washed off its mooring from Mobay, is still located on the beach. The ship's hull and timber remains sat just under the low tide waterline. The remains of the boiler stands a few feet above the water.

Hopewell is a scenic seaside town located in the Parish of Hanover.  Entrance to the districts of Camp, Mcquary, Lookout, Bamboo. Located nearby is Round Hill Resort and Round Hill Estate.

References

Populated places in Hanover Parish


Hopewell is a settlement in Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica.

References

Populated places in Saint Ann Parish


Lennox Forrester is an American college basketball coach and the former men's head coach at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE). He was an assistant coach at his alma mater, the University of Evansville after being fired by SIUE.  He currently serves as the Executive Director at the Downtown Belleville YMCA in Belleville, Illinois.

Biography
A native of Evanston, Illinois, Forrester transferred to the University of Evansville after graduating from Parkland (IL) College, where he was a National Junior College Athletic Association Division II All-American in 1989. Leg injuries prevented Forrester from joining the Purple Aces as a player. Instead, he remained with the program as a student assistant and earned a bachelor of arts degree in sociology in 1992. Forrester and his wife, domestic and internationally acclaimed Dr. Racquel Forrester, have a daughter, Calaya, and movie and playwright director, son Drew of TFL Media. works at gateway regional ymca downtown Belleville Illinois center go gwrymca.org and click on locations then go to the Downtown Belleville center location truth

Coaching career
After graduating from Evansville, Forrester spent 10 seasons (1992–2002) as an assistant coach and administrative assistant for the school under coach Jim Crews. He then served five seasons as an assistant coach to Jim Les at Bradley University, before being named as the seventh coach of the SIU Edwardsville Cougars.
During Forrester's first year as coach, SIUE was a member of the Division II Great Lakes Valley Conference. In his second season, the school began a five-year transition to Division I. SIUE joined the Ohio Valley Conference in 2008 and played its first full conference schedule in the 2011–12 season but was not eligible for post-season competition until 2012–13.  On May 4, 2012, it was announced that, in light of the program's steady progress, SIUE had extended Forrester's contract for an additional three years.

On March 10, 2015, it was announced that Forrester and his entire staff would not be retained because, according to SIUE Athletic Director Dr. Brad Hewitt, "... our won-loss record and program support are not where we believe it should be." In eight seasons, Forrester's record was 82–146.

Head coaching record

References

1969 births
Living people
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Illinois
Basketball players from Illinois
Bradley Braves men's basketball coaches
Evansville Purple Aces men's basketball coaches
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Junior college men's basketball players in the United States
Parkland College alumni
SIU Edwardsville Cougars men's basketball coaches
Sportspeople from Evanston, Illinois


Chinese Professional Baseball League recognizes stolen base champions each season.

Champions

External links

Chinese Professional Baseball League lists
Chinese Professional Baseball League awards


Hopewell is a settlement in Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica.

References

Populated places in Westmoreland Parish


Ardisana is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in Llanes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Villages
Ardisana
Mestas
Palacio (Palaciu)
Riocaliente (Ricaliente)

References

Parishes in Llanes


Hopewell is a settlement in Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica.

References

Populated places in Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica


Lady Jane Browne, (née Jane Radcliffe; c.1532 – 22 July 1552) was an English noblewoman.

Family
Jane Radcliffe was the daughter of Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex, by his second wife, Margaret Stanley, daughter of Thomas Stanley, 2nd Earl of Derby, and Anne Hastings, the daughter of Edward Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings. Jane had one sister, born of the same parents, Anne Radcliffe, who married Thomas Wharton, 2nd Baron Wharton.

By her father's other marriages Jane had several half-brothers: Henry Radcliffe, 2nd Earl of Sussex, Sir Humphrey Radcliffe (c. 1508/9–13 August 1566), George Radcliffe., a brother who died in infancy, and Sir John Radcliffe.

Marriage and issue
Jane Radcliffe married Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montague (d. 19 October 1592), the oldest son of Sir Anthony Browne and his first wife, Alice Gage.  Jane Radcliffe Browne was not styled Viscountess Montague in life, as Anthony Browne was not created 1st Viscount Montague until September 1554, over two years after her death.
Jane and Anthony Browne had 2 children, twins, a boy and a girl, born 22 July 1552:
Anthony Browne (22 July 1552 – 29 June 1592), who married Mary Dormer, the daughter of Sir William Dormer (d.1575) by his second wife Dorothy Catesby, the daughter of Anthony Catesby, esquire. Anthony Browne predeceased his father by four months, leaving a son, Anthony, who succeeded as 2nd Viscount Montague, as well as another son, John, and three daughters, Dorothy, who married Edmund Lee, esquire, Jane, who married Sir Francis Englefield (c.1561 – 26 October 1631), 1st Baronet Englefield, and Katherine, who married a husband surnamed Throckmorton. Anthony Browne's widow, Mary Dormer, married secondly, Sir Edmund Uvedale (d. 6 April 1606), and thirdly, Sir Thomas Gerard (d. 16 February 1621), son and heir of Sir Thomas Gerard by Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of Sir John Port. In her will dated 20 July 1637, Mary Dormer requested that she be buried at Midhurst, Sussex, near her first husband, Anthony Browne.
Mary Browne (22 July 1552 – 4 November 1607) married (1) Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton (2) Thomas Heneage (3) William Hervey.

Unfortunately, Jane died in childbed while giving birth to the twins.  She was buried at Midhurst, Sussex.

After Jane's death, Anthony Browne remarried to Magdalen Dacre (d. 8 April 1608), daughter of William Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre of Gilsland, by Elizabeth Talbot, daughter of George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury.

Footnotes

References

External links
thepeerage Accessed April 1, 2009

1533 births
1552 deaths
Jane
Jane
English viscountesses
16th-century English nobility
16th-century English women
People from Sussex
Deaths in childbirth
Daughters of British earls


Hopewell is a settlement in Saint Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica.

References

Populated places in Saint Elizabeth Parish


Hopewell is a settlement in Manchester Parish, Jamaica.

References

Populated places in Manchester Parish


Barro is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in Llanes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Villages
Balmori
Barro (Barru)
Niembro (Niembru)

References

Parishes in Llanes


Hopewell is a settlement in Clarendon Parish, Jamaica.

References

Populated places in Clarendon Parish, Jamaica


Hopewell is a settlement in Christ Church Parish, Barbados.

References

Populated places in Barbados


Hopewell is a settlement in Saint Thomas Parish, Barbados.

References

Populated places in Barbados


The Afon Morlais is a small river in south Wales, a tributary of the River Loughor.

It rises in the village of Cross Hands and then flows southwards through Tumble before turning south east through a rural wooded valley before passing through Llangennech and making its confluence with the River Loughor in its tidal reach.

A minor road from Cil Ddewi to Blaenhiraeth crosses the river via a Grade II listed bridge.

References

External links
 History of Troserch Wood
 The Coal Authority - Morlais Mine Water Treatment Scheme - New licence application for a previously exempt abstraction-Additional information

Rivers of Carmarthenshire


PWZ-029 is a benzodiazepine derivative drug with nootropic effects developed by WiSys, It acts as a subtype-selective, mixed agonist-inverse agonist at the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABAA receptor, acting as a partial inverse agonist at the α5 subtype and a weak partial agonist at the α3 subtype. This gives it a mixed pharmacological profile, producing at low doses memory-enhancing effects but with no convulsant or anxiogenic effects or muscle weakness, although at higher doses it produces some sedative effects.

See also
 GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator
 GABAA receptor § Ligands
 GL-II-73

References

Chloroarenes
Ethers
GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators
Imidazobenzodiazepines
Lactams
Nootropics


Pintilie is a Romanian-language surname most encountered in the Maramureș and Moldavian dialects; it is a derivative or variant of Pantelimon, which designates Saint Pantaleon. On its own, the surname may refer to:

Adina Pintilie (b. 1980), Romanian filmmaker and screenwriter
Gheorghe Pintilie (1902–1985), Soviet and Romanian intelligence official and political assassin
Ilie Pintilie (1903–1940), Romanian communist railroad worker and activist
Lucian Pintilie (1933–2018), Romanian film director and screenwriter

References

Romanian-language surnames