The Deutsche Wertungszahl (abbreviation: DWZ, ger. German Rating Number) is a chess rating system used in Germany. A higher rating number corresponds to a stronger player. A beginner is rated around 500 and a world champion about 2800.

Preface
The DWZ was introduced by the DSB (Deutscher Schachbund, ger. German Chess Association) after the German reunification in  1990. On January 1, 1993, the DWZ was introduced nationwide and replaced the Ingo-System of the DSB in the Federal Republic of Germany and the NWZ-System of the German Chess Association in East Germany. The DWZ is similar to the Elo rating system of the FIDE, but was enhanced further over the years. In development, the experiences of the Ingo-System and the NWZ-System were respected. The scale goes from about 500 (beginners) to over 2800 (world champions), but is, in theory, open at the top and bottom. The evaluation of the tournaments is done by DWZ-abstractors who transfer the tournament results to the headquarters of the DOSB (Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund, ger. German Olympic Sports Confederation), where the ZDB (Zentrale Wertungsdatenbank, ger. Central Rating Database) is administrated. There, a chronological subsequent billing is accomplished according to the finish date of the tournament.

In contrast to the Ingo-System, a higher DWZ represents a better playing ability. The DWZ consists of an evaluation number as a measurement of the playing ability and an index number which is separated from that by a "-" sign. For players who do not have a DWZ, but have a FIDE-Elo, the FIDE-Elo is used, marked with the index 6 and resumed as DWZ. For players who neither have a DWZ nor a FIDE-Elo, but have a national evaluation number, this number is used and translated if necessary. In this case the index is set to zero.

Calculating the DWZ
The basic curve for calculation is the Gauss error distribution curve. For calculation, an integral is necessary to determine the expectation of winnings. Only chess results against competitors with a DWZ are taken into account.

Basic formula
The DWZ is calculated in the following way:

: present DWZ
: new DWZ
: achieved points
: expected points
: number of finished games
: development coefficient

Expected and achieved points
The achieved points  are the sum of the game results in which a win counts 1 point, a draw counts ½ point, and a defeat 0 points. The expected points  are calculated with the following approximation:

: present DWZ
: present DWZ of the competitor

The expected points are calculated for each game of chess and then added. The exact values of the expected points can be looked at in the table of the DSB. The formula provides good approximations.

The development coefficient
Another constituent is the development coefficient . It consists of the fundamental value , the acceleration factor  and the braking value :

with

where the component  depends on the age of the player:

and

The factor  is furthermore defined as . Additionally, it is only calculated if the player is less than 20 years old and has achieved more points than expected. The acceleration factor a is 1 if that is not the case. The acceleration factor helps young players to improve their DWZs more quickly.

The braking value B is only calculated for players with a DWZ of under 1300 points and only if the achieved points are less or equal to the expected ones, else the braking value is 0. The braking value makes the DWZ of poor players decrease not so rapidly.

Besides,  depends on the number of the previously evaluated tournaments. The index  is 1 in the first DWZ and is increased by 1 after every tournament evaluation.

Also consider that:

This formula is only considered when a DWZ already exists, viz.  is not only 0. So  is normally increased to 5, if the coefficient is less than 5, or decreased to 30 if  is higher than 30. If a braking factor is present (),  can also go beyond 30.

The next step is to round  to the nearest integer.

How to determine the first DWZ
To determine the first DWZ the basic formula may not be applied. With the ratio of points in percent and the probability table, the differential DWZ is determined. To this value the average DWZ of the competitors is added and the result is the first DWZ.

DWZ values table

See also
 Chess rating system
 Elo rating system

External links
 An unofficial DWZ-Calculator, working with the table values of the DSB
 Rules for the evaluation of the chess players' skills in Germany
 DWZ search interface of the DSB
 Components of the DWZ formula
 Calculating the estimated result
 Table of the estimated result
 Calculating the new DWZ

Chess rating systems
Chess in Germany
1993 in chess


Minuscule 408 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 231 (in Soden's numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.
It has marginalia.

Description

The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels on 261 parchment leaves (). The text is written in one column per page, in 22 lines per page. Text of Matthew 1:1-13 was added by a later hand.

The text is divided according to the  (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their  (titles) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Mark 234 Sections), whose numbers are given at the margin with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers).

It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, the Eusebian Canon tables at the beginning, tables of the  (tables of contents) before each Gospel, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, numbers of stichoi, and pictures.
Synaxarion and Menologion were added on paper.

Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family K1. Aland placed it in Category V.

According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family Kx in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20.

History

Formerly the manuscript was held in the Chrysostomus monastery, near Jordan, as stated in a note of the original scribe. Wiedmann and J. G. J. Braun collated portions of the manuscript for Scholz (1794–1852). The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz.
C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886.

The manuscript is currently housed at the Biblioteca Marciana (Gr. I. 14) in Venice.

See also

 List of New Testament minuscules
 Biblical manuscript
 Textual criticism

References

Further reading

Greek New Testament minuscules
12th-century biblical manuscripts


Offscreen is a 2006 Danish film directed by Christoffer Boe, who also wrote the screenplay together with Knud Romer Jørgensen. With an odd mixture of fiction and reality, it tells the peculiar story of a man who films himself for a whole year in a quest for invisibility. When he is inevitably caught on camera, however, he takes his own life, causing the movie to take on the fictional aspect of a documentary. When combined with the plight of the homeless, the film can also be a meditation on the difficulties of facing the stranger.

Cast
 Nicolas Bro -- Nicolas Bro
 Lene Maria Christensen -- Lene Maria Christensen
 Christoffer Boe -- Christoffer Boe
 Lene's Mother -- Karen Margrethe Bjerre
 Lene's Father -- Niels Weyde
 Jakob Cedergren -- Jakob Cedergren
 Assistant Editor -- Bjarke de Koning

Awards
 2006 Altre Visioni Award at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival for Offscreen
 2006 win at The Nordic Council Film Prize for Offscreen

References

External links

 Official Web Site

2006 films
Danish drama films
2000s Danish-language films
Films directed by Christoffer Boe
2006 drama films


Essendon (Association) Football Club (often shortened to Essendon 'A') was an Australian rules football club which played in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) from 1900 until 1921. The Dreadnoughts wore black and red, and played their home games at the Essendon Recreation Reserve (known today as Windy Hill). They were also known by the name "Essendon Town" (1900–1904), in order to distinguish them from the Essendon Football Club that played in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

History

The club was formed as Essendon Town in 1900 and joined the VFA that year. Essendon already had a team which competed in the VFL but many locals protested that they were based at East Melbourne instead of Essendon. The "Essendon Town Football Club" came about as a result, a side which would play their home games in the district. A winless season in 1903 meant that they took home their first wooden spoon.

In 1905, the club officially changed its name to the "Essendon Football Club", the same name as the VFL club. To distinguish it from the VFL club, the club was referred to as Essendon (Association), Essendon (V.F.A.) or Essendon (A.) wherever there was confusion.

The club's most successful period came between 1908 and 1914 when they competed in the finals each year and won back-to-back premierships in 1911 and 1912 – coincidentally, Essendon (League) won the VFL premiership in both of those years. In the 1912 premiership season, Essendon Association's full-forward Dave McNamara became the first VFA footballer to kick over 100 goals in a season.

The club was left without a home ground and with diminished local support when the Essendon League club relocated to Essendon Recreation Reserve in October 1921; with no alternatives, the club effectively disbanded in December 1921.

In 1922, most Essendon Association players moved to the reformed North Melbourne Team. North Melbourne had disbanded during the 1921 VFA season, assuming that they would be amalgamating with the Essendon League team. This did not work out, and, at the end of 1921, the North Melbourne club had a ground but no team, and Essendon Association had a team but no ground. North Melbourne was readmitted to the Association in January 1922 with the prospect of amalgamation with Essendon Association. The amalgamation was eventually endorsed by the Association in April 1922.

References

External links

 Full Points Footy: Essendon Town/Essendon Association

Former Victorian Football League clubs
Australian rules football clubs in Melbourne
1900 establishments in Australia
1921 disestablishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs established in 1900
Australian rules football clubs disestablished in 1921
Essendon, Victoria


Kamandar Bafali oglu Madzhidov (; born 7 May 1961, Dmanisi, Georgian SSR) is a Belarusian wrestler with Azerbaijani origin, Olympic Champion, World Champion and European Champion.

He competed for the Soviet Union at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul where he won a gold medal in Greco-Roman wrestling, the featherweight class. At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta he placed fourth in the lightweight class, now competing for Belarus.

References

External links

1961 births
Living people
Georgian Azerbaijanis
Belarusian people of Azerbaijani descent
Belarusian male sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers for the Soviet Union
Olympic wrestlers for Belarus
Wrestlers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Wrestlers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Soviet male sport wrestlers
Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic medalists in wrestling
Soviet Azerbaijani people
People from Dmanisi
Sportspeople from Kvemo Kartli
World Wrestling Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
European Wrestling Championships medalists
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR
Friendship Games medalists


Canelas is the denomination of a coastal place of Sanxenxo, Pontevedra, and the beach which the same name. It owes this name to the great quantity of canes that there exists. As the whole coastal zone of Pontevedra, Canelas has an oceanic climate characterized by abundant rains and soft temperatures. It is protected from the winds of the north, because the place is orientated towards the south. Waves are small enough, but with the arrival of temporary some they increase considerably, managing to be a place for the raw surfers, owed also to the rock absence in the center of the beach. The beach has a length of 400 meters. According to the last IGE, in 2013 it had 54 inhabitants (28 men and 26 women).

References

Beaches of Galicia (Spain)
Geography of Galicia (Spain)


A Dog's Life () is a 1950 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Monicelli and Steno.

Plot
Nino Martoni is the manager of a ramshackle show company. Her dancers include Lucy, the soubrette, capricious and obstinate, Franca, who left her beloved boyfriend Carlo with bitterness and suffering, because he was too poor for her ambitions, who aspires to a comfortable and luxurious life and Vera, in love , reciprocated by Mario, the son of a rich and wealthy bourgeois.

The troupe is joined by Margherita, who has fled from the village and is wanted by the police on behalf of her parents, who is welcomed by the manager moved by the frightened and melancholy girl.

When Lucy, after yet another altercation with Nino, leaves the company, this replaces her with Margherita who reveals unsuspected skills as a dancer and singer. The success of the girl, renamed Rita Buton, in the Alambra in Rome is overwhelming and the highly satisfied impresario of the theater signs a contract with the company for 2 months.

Unfortunately, success and fame will not be for everyone:

Franca reluctantly accepts the attentions of a very rich, but slippery and repulsive entrepreneur, attracted by the comfortable life that he can offer her and which she yearns for. She will then end up committing suicide shortly after the wedding by throwing herself out of a window, when her repellent husband introduces her to his newly hired technical director, who is none other than Carlo, who in the meantime has managed to make his talent appreciated and to patent one of his invention.

Mario's father joins his son who has run away from home to run after his beloved, still a minor. In the police station, where the girl is summoned together with Nino, accused of circumvention of minors, however the unexpected happens when Vera recognizes in the man, the guy who had given her a lift with the car and who had tried, in vain, to abuse her. At that point Mario's father, bitterly opposed to his son's relationship with a dancer, realizes that Vera is a good and serious girl and accepts her by apologizing and withdrawing her complaint. Vera, radiant and happy, prefers marriage to her career.

Meanwhile Nino, in love with the beautiful Rita, is ready to make his declaration of love with a precious ring as a gift, but unseen attends an important offer of engagement of the girl by a well-known and prestigious theatrical impresario of Milan , who witnessed the show was favorably impressed by the young woman's talent.

Nino, reluctantly, sacrificing her feeling for Rita and not wanting to compromise the young woman's career, takes her in a bad way, even driving her out of her company. The girl, bewildered, unable to understand the man's behavior, runs away from the theater crying and goes to sign the contract with the Milan impresario.

By now Margherita, alias Rita Buton, has become a famous and acclaimed soubrette; Nino secretly goes to the theater where she is performing a show and leaves an anonymous bouquet of flowers at the entrance to be given to the girl.

Nino is left with the rest of the company, in which he resumes Lucy, meanwhile without a job, continuing to direct the shows despite the difficulties.

Cast
 Aldo Fabrizi as Nino Martoni
 Gina Lollobrigida as Margherita 'Rita Buton'
 Delia Scala as Vera
 Tamara Lees as Franka
 Gianni Barrella as L'impresario
 Bruno Corelli as Dedè Moreno, il primo ballerino
 Enzo Furlai as Boselli (as Enzo Furlai-Furlanetto)
 Enzo Maggio as Gigetto
 Michele Malaspina as Il commendatore Cantelli
 Pasquale Misiano
 Eduardo Passarelli
 Nyta Dover as Lucy d'Astrid
 Marcello Mastroianni as Carlo Danesi, fidanzato di Franca (as Marcello Mastrojanni)

References

External links

1950 films
1950 comedy-drama films
Italian comedy-drama films
Films scored by Nino Rota
1950s Italian-language films
Italian black-and-white films
Films set in Rome
Films set in Milan
Films directed by Mario Monicelli
Films directed by Stefano Vanzina
Films produced by Carlo Ponti
Films about theatre
Films with screenplays by Ruggero Maccari
1950s Italian films


Holmcultram Abbey (alternatively Holm Cultram Abbey or Holme Cultram Abbey) was a Cistercian monastery in what is now the village of Abbeytown in Cumbria, United Kingdom.

Founded in 1150, the abbey was suppressed in 1538 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The former monastic church remains in use as a parish church and a place of worship.

Foundation and Scots connections
The abbey was founded in 1150 by Cistercian monks from Melrose Abbey on land given by Alan of Allerdale.  In territory formerly held by Scotland, the land was granted by Prince Henry and the building was made of stone from north of the Solway Firth.
The area was later regained by Henry II of England who confirmed the grant of land in 1157. The abbey rented land in Galloway and held it for 200 years, disposing of it when it became no longer possible for Englishmen to hold land in Scotland.

History
The abbey steadily became prosperous, acquiring lands in north Cumberland and undertaking reclamation work along the Solway. In 1301 it was granted a market at Skinburness, together with permission to build a church. Following violent storms which devastated Skinburness, both permissions were transferred to Newton Arlosh, where the abbey built a heavily fortified chapel of ease. Experience had shown that the abbey's Scots origins did not protect it from attacks by Scots raiders, from whom it suffered repeatedly from 1216 onwards, with a particularly severe attack in 1319, by Robert the Bruce, despite his father being buried there.

The community established a daughter house at Grey Abbey in County Down in Northern Ireland in 1193.

Dissolution
This former Cumberland monastic community was dissolved in 1538, when the parish petitioned for, and obtained, the use of the church; the abbot became the first rector.

Buildings
The buildings are constructed of red sandstone from the other side of the Solway.  Archaeological excavations from 2006 onwards have shown that the monastic buildings extended to the south of the church, and followed the usual Cistercian pattern.  The church was along the north side of the cloister, with other buildings on the other three sides, the refectory being opposite the church and the chapter house to the west. The former abbey church underwent a series of structural accidents (such as the collapse of the tower in 1600) and alterations as a result of which it gradually shrank to comprise the first six bays of the nave, without aisles. In addition the roof was lowered to the height of a single storey and there were two energetic restorations in 1883 and 1913. This nevertheless left a large enough building to continue to serve to the present day as the parish church of Abbeytown.

Fire and restoration
The church was severely damaged by arson on 9 June 2006, when original records of the monastery, including the cartulary, were destroyed. It took over nine years to complete repair work to the abbey, but it was eventually fully restored and reopened to the public in September 2015. From the time of the arson attack until the reopening, parishioners worshipped in one of the side rooms which had been left undamaged. Also in September 2015, a further archaeological dig was being conducted in the grounds.

Burials

 Christian of Whithorn
 Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale

See also

 List of Cistercian monasteries
 Listed buildings in Holme Abbey
 List of English abbeys, priories and friaries serving as parish churches

Sources
 New, Anthony, 1985: A Guide to the Abbeys of England and Wales. London: Constable
 Robinson, David (ed.), 2002: The Cistercian Abbeys of Britain. London: B.T. Batsford

References

External links
 Pictures of the church before and after the fire
 British History Online: the Register and Records of Holme Cultram
 Solway Plain past and present – The Abbey

Monasteries in Cumbria
Cistercian monasteries in England
1538 disestablishments in England
1150 establishments in England
Christian monasteries established in the 12th century
Religious buildings and structures in the United Kingdom destroyed by arson
Burial sites of the House of Bruce


The Cascade Recreation Area was a Provincial Recreation Area in the Hozameen Range of the Cascade Mountains of British Columbia, Canada, located north of and was added to E.C. Manning Provincial Park in 2010.   It is roughly 11,858 ha. and was created on March 14, 1987.  The recreation area has limited road access and is used by hikers, horse riders, mountain bikers and, in winter, snowmobilers.  The nearest towns are Hope and Princeton.

References

Canadian Cascades
Protected areas of British Columbia
1987 establishments in British Columbia


The Seelisberg Conference, officially the International Emergency Conference on Anti-Semitism took place at Seelisberg in Central Switzerland from 30 July to 5 August 1947. The Conference was the Second Conference of  the International Council of Christians and Jews (ICCJ).  Its agenda included finding reasons for the anti-Semitism which existed even after World War II and developing measures to combat it.

Participants
The Conference was composed of 63 participants and 2 observers from twelve nations, comprising Jews and Christians (both Protestant and Roman Catholic, both clergy and laity). Participants were invited because they would be able to contribute to the theme of Anti-Semitism in a “substantive manner.”

The 63 participants included “presidents of national Jewish-Christian organizations,” representatives of the World Council of Churches and the Roman Catholic German Bishops' Conference, professors from Sofia University and the University of Fribourg. Jules Isaac, the French historian of Jewish descent, was a significant protagonist at the Conference. Willard E. Goslin, from the Reformed Church tradition and active in the American educational system, presided over the Conference. He was assisted by the British Jew, Neville Laski.

The two professors from the University of Fribourg were Professor for Missiology and Comparative Religions Jean de Menasce and Professor of Systematic Theology Charles Journet.

Agenda
The agenda of the Conference was as follows:
“First: an inventory of current anti-Semitism in various European countries and the disclosure of the reasons for its continuation and increase even after the war.”
“Second: the development of practical measures to combat anti-Semitism at all levels of society, through short-term strategies or by long-term measures which would obstruct its re-emergence.”
“Third: a contribution to the healing of the Jewish-Christian relationship was to be begun.”

Commissions
The Conference was divided into five commissions. At the end of the Conference each commission presented its final report to the entire conference for approval.

Commission III dealt with The Role of the Churches and produced the 10 Points of Seelisberg that are found in the next section. The Conference recognized that the work of Commission III was “a particularly difficult task as well as one of great historic importance” because “over the centuries, Christian anti-Judaism had established a culture of contempt against the Jews.”  Commission III said that its membership of  “Catholics, Protestants and Jews aimed to work with candor and cordiality.” It was the “first involvement in an ecumenical and interreligious working group” for some members of the Commission.

At the end of the Conference, when Commission III presented its document, it was affirmed “without any discussion,” The document included the Ten Points of Seelisberg. However, they were not published until later after they had “been submitted to the respective ecclesial authorities.”

The Seelisberg conference stands out because of the Ten Points of Seelisberg it produced. These Ten Points are a “lasting foundation stone for theological dialogue between Jews and Christians.”

The 10 Points of Seelisberg
In the Ten Points of Seelisberg as part of An Address to the Churches, Christians in dialogue with Jews began to come to terms with the implications of the Shoah. The Ten Points of Seelisberg follow:

AN ADDRESS TO THE CHURCHES
SEELISBERG (Switzerland), 1947

We have recently witnessed an outburst of antisemitism which has led to the persecution and extermination of millions of Jews. In spite of the catastrophe which has overtaken both the persecuted and the persecutors, and which has revealed the extent of the Jewish problem in all its alarming gravity and urgency, antisemitism has lost none of its force, but threatens to extend to other regions, to poison the minds of Christians and to involve humanity more and more in a grave guilt with disastrous consequences.

The Christian Churches have indeed always affirmed the un-Christian character of antisemitism, as of all forms of racial hatred, but this has not sufficed to prevent the manifestation among Christians, in various forms, of an undiscriminating racial hatred of the Jews as a people.

This would have been impossible if all Christians had been true to the teaching of Jesus Christ on the mercy of God and love of one’s neighbour. But this faithfulness should also involve clear-sighted willingness to avoid any presentation and conception of the Christian message which would support antisemitism under whatever form. We must recognise, unfortunately, that this vigilant willingness has often been lacking.

We therefore address ourselves to the Churches to draw their attention to this alarming situation. We have the firm hope that they will be concerned to show their members how to prevent any animosity towards the Jews which might arise from false, inadequate or mistaken presentations or conceptions of the teaching and preaching of the Christian doctrine, and how on the other hand to promote brotherly love towards the sorely-tried people of the old covenant.
Nothing would seem more calculated to contribute to this happy result than the following:

TEN POINTS
Remember that One God speaks to us all through the Old and the New Testaments. (See divine simplicity and monotheism.)
Remember that Jesus was born of a Jewish mother of the seed of David and the people of Israel, and that His everlasting love and forgiveness embraces His own people and the whole world. (See Dual-covenant theology and Judaism's view of Jesus.)
Remember that the first disciples, the apostles and the first martyrs were Jews. (See Apostle (Christian).)
Remember that the fundamental commandment of Christianity, to love God and one's neighbour, proclaimed already in the Old Testament and confirmed by Jesus, is binding upon both Christians and Jews in all human relationships, without any exception. (See Ethic of reciprocity.)
Avoid distorting or misrepresenting biblical or post-biblical Judaism with the object of extolling Christianity. (See legalism and pharisees.)
Avoid using the word Jews in the exclusive sense of the enemies of Jesus, and the words "the enemies of Jesus" to designate the whole Jewish people. (See Jew (disambiguation).)
Avoid presenting the Passion in such a way as to bring the odium of the killing of Jesus upon all Jews or upon Jews alone. It was only a section of the Jews in Jerusalem who demanded the death of Jesus, and the Christian message has always been that it was the sins of mankind which were exemplified by those Jews and the sins in which all men share that brought Christ to the Cross. (See Passion play and deicide.)
Avoid referring to the scriptural curses, or the cry of a raging mob: "His blood be upon us and our children," without remembering that this cry should not count against the infinitely more weighty words of our Lord: "Father forgive them for they know not what they do." (See blood curse.)
Avoid promoting the superstitious notion that the Jewish people are reprobate, accursed, reserved for a destiny of suffering. (See Wandering Jew.)
Avoid speaking of the Jews as if the first members of the Church had not been Jews. (See Council of Jerusalem.)

Evaluation and impact
An Address to the Churches was “unique in that it was formulated by a mixed group of Jewish and Christian theologians.” Also, “it directly addressed the issue of antisemitism by specifying a number of Christian doctrines that lent support to anti-Jewish hostility.” Yet, “despite its sophistication,” An Address to the Churches “remained little known and produced no immediate impact.”

External links
The 10 Points of Seelisburg, 1947.
Christian Rutishauser, “The 1947 Seelisberg Conference: The Foundation of the Jewish-Christian Dialogue” in Studies in Christian-Jewish Relations Vol. 2, Issue 2 (2007).

References

Late modern Christian antisemitism
Christian and Jewish interfaith dialogue
1947 conferences
1947 in Switzerland
International conferences in Switzerland


Bathybatini is a tribe of cichlids endemic to Lake Tanganyika in Africa. They are mostly found in relatively deep waters and mainly feed on fish (Bathybates and Hemibates) or plankton (Trematocara). They are mouthbrooders.

This tribe is sometimes restricted to Bathybates, in which case Hemibates is in Hemibatini and Trematocara in Trematocarini.

References

External links

Pseudocrenilabrinae


Andrew Finlay (born 10 February 1901; date of death unknown) was a Scottish footballer who played as a forward for Port Vale, Airdrieonians, Manchester City, Crewe Alexandra, Third Lanark, Dundee United and Hibernian in the 1920s.

Career
Finlay played for Glasgow-based junior club Shawfield before joining English Second Division side Port Vale in September 1921. His only appearance at The Old Recreation Ground was at outside-left in a 1–1 draw against South Shields on 22 October, and he was released at the end of the 1921–22 season. He later played for Airdrieonians, Manchester City, Crewe Alexandra, Third Lanark, and Dundee United, before joining Hibernian midway through the 1926–27 season. He scored three goals in 19 First Division games in the 1927–28 season, and then bagged four goals in 33 appearances in the 1928–29 campaign before leaving Easter Road.

Career statistics
Source:

References

Footballers from Glasgow
Scottish men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Shawfield F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Airdrieonians F.C. (1878) players
Manchester City F.C. players
Crewe Alexandra F.C. players
Third Lanark A.C. players
Dundee United F.C. players
Hibernian F.C. players
Scottish Junior Football Association players
English Football League players
Scottish Football League players
1901 births
Year of death missing


Avtandil Georgievich Koridze (; 15 April 1935 – 11 April 1966) was a lightweight Greco-Roman wrestler from Georgia who won an Olympic gold medal in 1960 and a world title in 1961. He never won a Soviet title, placing second in 1957 and 1960 and third in 1958.

Koridze took up wrestling in 1949 and in 1957 was included to the Soviet national team. He retired in 1961 and died five years later in a car crash, together with a fellow Olympic wrestler Roman Dzeneladze.

References

External links

1935 births
1966 deaths
Sport wrestlers from Tbilisi
Soviet male sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers for the Soviet Union
Wrestlers at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Male sport wrestlers from Georgia (country)
Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic medalists in wrestling
World Wrestling Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Burevestnik (sports society) sportspeople


Tamara Lees (14 December 1924 – 22 December 1999), born as, Diana Helena Tamara Mapplebeck was an Austrian-born English film actress. She appeared in 48 films between 1947 and 1961.

Filmography

References

External links

1924 births
1999 deaths
English film actresses
Actresses from Vienna
20th-century English actresses
Austrian emigrants to the United Kingdom


Fight Like Apes and the Mystery of the Golden Medallion is the debut studio album of Fight Like Apes. It was released in Ireland on 26 September 2008, the UK on 26 January 2009 and Japan in April 2009.

The album charted in the top ten of the Irish Albums Chart upon its release, at #9. It was nominated in the Best Irish Album category at the 2009 Meteor Awards, as well as for the Choice Music Prize in the same year. Fight Like Apes and the Mystery of the Golden Medallion was named 31st best album of the decade by Phantom FM at the end of 2009.

Recording
The band spent a month in Seattle, Washington, in early 2008, recording tracks for the album, produced by John Goodmanson. The album title was inspired by a 1980s Mr. T cartoon. The episode was called “The Mystery of the Golden Medallion” and followed Mr T as he coached an Olympic gymnastics youth team.

The album was released on 26 September 2008 on Model Citizen Records, selling continually well in Ireland and the UK. It was preceded by the release of the single "Something Global" on 11 July 2008. Fight Like Apes played a sold-out launch show at Whelan's in Dublin, which was broadcast live on Phantom FM on the day of release.

Reception

The Irish Times described the album as an "astonishing debut that encompasses melancholy and whimsy (both lyrically and musically). The Irish Independent, on the other hand, "strongly urge[d] all not to waste their money" on "the woeful debut" of a band with "lots of blogger and media friends, all aurally challenged". These blogger friends responded to the criticism of the band but the band's frontwoman, MayKay, remains unbothered by criticism as long as the album is simply being reviewed. RTÉ also gave the album a lukewarm response. Neil Dunphy, writing in the Sunday Tribune, said producer John Goodmanson had "managed to capture Fight Like Apes' red hot live energy on record".

In the UK press NME awarded the album 7/10 and described it as "Relentlessly pilfering the brightest parts of post-hardcore synthery, cartoon punk and sugar-rush twee, these totally hinge-free magpies have built a nest from shards of Enter Shikari, Test Icicles and Le Tigre and then thrashed the shiny fuck out of it." The album also received 8/10 in Rocksound and "4 flies" in The Fly.

In October 2008, Sony Music Entertainment Japan signed the band for the Asian release of Fight Like Apes and the Mystery of the Golden Medallion. It was released in Japan in April 2009.

It was released in the UK on 26 January 2009.

Track listing

Personnel
MayKay - Synth, vocals
Pockets - Synth, vocals
Tom - Bass
Adrian - Drums
John Goodmanson - Production
Zoran Orlic - Photography

Chart performance
Fight Like Apes and the Mystery of the Golden Medallion reached the top five of the Irish Albums Chart, meaning the band became the first alternative act from Ireland to achieve this for several years.

Awards

Choice Music Prize
Fight Like Apes and the Mystery of the Golden Medallion was nominated for the Choice Music Prize in January 2009. The award was won by Jape for the album Ritual on 4 March 2009.

|-
| 2009 || Fight Like Apes and the Mystery of the Golden Medallion || Irish Album of the Year 2008 ||

Meteor Music Awards
Fight Like Apes and the Mystery of the Golden Medallion was nominated at the Meteor Music Awards in 2009, in the category of Best Irish Album.

|-
| 2009 || Fight Like Apes and the Mystery of the Golden Medallion || Best Irish Album ||
|-

References

External links
  for "Lend Me Your Face"
 Video for "Something Global"
  of a recording session in Seattle
 Review of "Lightsabre Cocksucker Blues" single

2008 debut albums
Fight Like Apes albums
Rubyworks Records albums
Albums produced by John Goodmanson


The San Francisco Police Officers Association (SFPOA) is the largest police union representing the San Francisco Police Department, with around 2,200 members as of 2016. It was founded in 1946 and by the late 1980s had around 1,750 members, amounting to the majority of San Francisco police officers. As of 2022, its acting president is Tracy McCray.

Advocacy history
On February 12, 2006, the head of the San Francisco Police Officers Association said that Mayor Gavin Newsom showed "a complete and total lack of respect for the rank and file" in his response to a San Francisco Chronicle series examining San Francisco officers' use of force. In October 2006, the vice president of the San Francisco Police Officers Association, Kevin Martin, was issued a restraining order from Susan Leff, an attorney for San Francisco's police watchdog agency. Both assemblywoman Fiona Ma and Mayor Gavin Newsom have been endorsed by the San Francisco Police Officers Association in part due to their opposition to legislation that would increase Californians' access to police disciplinary records by rolling back a 2006 California Supreme Court ruling.

In 2016, the SFPOA hired political communications expert Nathan Ballard for what was described as a "counterattack" against police reform attempts following the controversial killing of Mario Woods by officers and concerns about racism in the city's police department. The union's campaign against reform proponent George Gascón was criticized for using exaggerated crime figures, and Ballard acknowledged having misread the rates.

In the 2015/2016 debate about the introduction of body cameras for officers, the union achieved what acting SFPD chief Toney Chaplin described as a "huge concession", allowing an officer involved in a shooting to view the footage before giving a full report. While civil rights activists opposed this policy as detrimental to the cameras' purpose of increasing accountability, SFPOA president Martin Halloran justified it on the grounds that officers' memory could be affected by stress in such situations and that not allowing them to check their recollection with the video recording would expose them to "gotcha" moments.

See also

 List of events in the history of the San Francisco Police Department

References

External links
 San Francisco Police Officers Association Official Website

San Francisco Police Department
Law enforcement in California
Police unions in the United States


A symbol in computer programming is a primitive data type whose instances have a unique human-readable form. Symbols can be used as identifiers. In some programming languages, they are called atoms. Uniqueness is enforced by holding them in a symbol table. The most common use of symbols by programmers is to perform language reflection (particularly for callbacks), and most common indirectly is their use to create object linkages.

In the most trivial implementation, they are essentially named integers; e.g., the enumerated type in C language.

Support
The following programming languages provide runtime support for symbols:

Julia
Symbols in Julia are interned strings used to represent identifiers in parsed Julia code(ASTs) and as names or labels to identify entities (for example as keys in a dictionary).

Lisp
A symbol in Lisp is unique in a namespace (or package in Common Lisp). Symbols can be tested for equality with the function EQ. Lisp programs can generate new symbols at runtime. When Lisp reads data that contains textual represented symbols, existing symbols are referenced. If a symbol is unknown, the Lisp reader creates a new symbol.

In Common Lisp symbols have the following attributes: a name, a value, a function, a list of properties and a package.

In Common Lisp it is also possible that a symbol is not interned in a package. Such symbols can be printed, but when read back, a new symbol needs to be created. Since it is not interned, the original symbol can not be retrieved from a package.

In Common Lisp symbols may use any characters, including whitespace, such as spaces and newlines. If a symbol contains a whitespace character it needs to be written as |this is a symbol|. Symbols can be used as identifiers for any kind of named programming constructs: variables, functions, macros, classes, types, goto tags and more.
Symbols can be interned in a package. Keyword symbols are self-evaluating and interned in the package named KEYWORD.

Examples
The following is a simple external representation of a Common Lisp symbol:
this-is-a-symbol

Symbols can contain whitespace (and all other characters):
|This is a symbol with whitespace|

In Common Lisp symbols with a leading colon in their printed representations are keyword symbols. These are interned in the keyword package.
:keyword-symbol

A printed representation of a symbol may include a package name. Two colons are written between the name of the package and the name of the symbol.
package-name::symbol-name

Packages can export symbols. Then only one colon is written between the name of the package and the name of the symbol.
package:exported-symbol

Symbols, which are not interned in a package, can also be created and have a notation:
#:uninterned-symbol

PostScript
In PostScript, references to name objects can be either literal or executable, influencing the behaviour of the interpreter when encountering them. The cvx and cvl operators can be used to convert between the two forms. When names are constructed from strings by means of the cvn operator, the set of allowed characters is unrestricted.

Prolog
In Prolog, symbols (or atoms) are the main primitive data types, similar to numbers. The exact notation may differ in different Prolog dialects. However, it is always quite simple (no quotations or special beginning characters are necessary).

Contrary to many other languages, it is possible to give symbols a meaning by creating some Prolog facts and/or rules.

Examples
The following example demonstrates two facts (describing what father is) and one rule (describing the meaning of sibling). These three sentences use symbols (father, zeus, hermes, perseus and sibling) and some abstract variables (X, Y and Z). The mother relationship is omitted for clarity.
father(zeus, hermes).
father(zeus, perseus).

sibling(X, Y) :- father(Z, X), father(Z, Y).

Ruby
In Ruby, symbols can be created with a literal form, or by converting a string.
They can be used as an identifier or an interned string. Two symbols with the same contents will always refer to the same object.
It is considered a best practice to use symbols as keys to an associative array in Ruby.

Examples
The following is a simple example of a symbol literal in Ruby:
my_symbol = :a
my_symbol = :"an identifier"
Strings can be coerced into symbols, vice versa:
irb(main):001:0> my_symbol = "Hello, world!".intern
=> :"Hello, world!"
irb(main):002:0> my_symbol = "Hello, world!".to_sym
=> :"Hello, world!"
irb(main):003:0> my_string = :hello.to_s
=> "hello"
Symbols are objects of the Symbol class in Ruby:
irb(main):004:0> my_symbol = :hello_world
=> :hello_world
irb(main):005:0> my_symbol.length
=> 11
irb(main):006:0> my_symbol.class
=> Symbol
Symbols are commonly used to dynamically send messages to (call methods on) objects:
irb(main):007:0> "aoboc".split("o")
=> ["a", "b", "c"]
irb(main):008:0> "aoboc".send(:split, "o") # same result
=> ["a", "b", "c"]
Symbols as keys of an associative array:
irb(main):009:0> my_hash = { a: "apple", b: "banana" }
=> {:a=>"apple", :b=>"banana"}
irb(main):010:0> my_hash[:a]
=> "apple"
irb(main):011:0> my_hash[:b]
=> "banana"

Smalltalk
In Smalltalk, symbols can be created with a literal form, or by converting a string. They can be used as an identifier or an interned string. Two symbols with the same contents will always refer to the same object. In most Smalltalk implementations, selectors (method names) are implemented as symbols.

Examples
The following is a simple example of a symbol literal in Smalltalk:
my_symbol := #'an identifier' " Symbol literal "
my_symbol := #a               " Technically, this is a selector literal. In most implementations, "
                              " selectors are symbols, so this is also a symbol literal "
Strings can be coerced into symbols, vice versa:
my_symbol := 'Hello, world!' asSymbol " => #'Hello, world!' "
my_string := #hello: asString         " => 'hello:' "
Symbols conform to the symbol protocol, and their class is called Symbol in most implementations:
my_symbol := #hello_world
my_symbol class            " => Symbol "
Symbols are commonly used to dynamically send messages to (call methods on) objects:
" same as 'foo' at: 2 "
'foo' perform: #at: with: 2 " => $o "

References

Articles with example Ruby code
Programming constructs


Eduardo Passarelli (20 July 1903 – 9 December 1968) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in 43 films between 1937 and 1962.

Life and career
Born Eduardo De Filippo in Naples, the son of Eduardo Scarpetta, he was the brother-in-law of Eduardo, Peppino and Titina De Filippo. He started his career on stage, in which he worked very often as a sidekick of Totò, as well as with Aldo Fabrizi, Nino Taranto and Anna Proclemer. In films he was mainly active in character roles.

Filmography

References

External links

1903 births
1968 deaths
Italian male film actors
20th-century Italian male actors


Stéphane Brosse  (20 October 197117 June 2012) was a French ski mountaineer.

Biography
Brosse was born in Le Pont-de-Beauvoisin, Savoie. He started ski mountaineering in 1990 and competed the first time at the Miage Contamines Somfy race in 1995. In 1996 he became a member of the national team. Together with Pierre Gignoux he set the record and continued to hold it for the Mont Blanc course from 30 May  2003. The duo needed a total time of  5h 15' 47" for the total course, thereof about 4 hours and seven minutes for climbing up, and about one hour and seven minutes for the downhill race. Since 2003 he and Lionel Bonnel had also held the Chamonix-Zermatt Haute Route record with 21h 11'.

Stéphane Brosse died on 17 June 2012 while crossing the Aiguille d'Argentière in the Mont Blanc massif when a snow cornice collapsed under him, resulting in him falling between 600 and 700 metres. He was accompanied by Kílian Jornet Burgada, Sébastien Montaz-Rosset and Bastien Fleury. Brosse lived in Annecy. He was 40.

Selected results
 1997:
 5th, French Championship
 5th, French Cup
 1998:
 3rd, French Cup
 4th, European Cup
 1999:
 1st, French Championship team (together with Patrice Bret)
 3rd, French national ranking
 6th, European Championship team race (together with Patrice Bret)
 2000:
 3rd, French national ranking
 2001:
 1st, European Championship team race (together with Pierre Gignoux)
 1st, Trophée des Gastlosen (European Cup, together with Pierre Gignoux)
 2nd, French national ranking
 2002:
 1st, World Championship single race
 1st, Tour du Rutor (together with Pierre Gignoux)
 2nd, World Championship combination ranking
 5th, World Championship team race together with Pierre Gignoux
 2003:
 1st, Dolomiti Cup team (together with Pierre Gignoux)
 2nd, European Championship single race
 2nd, European Championship combination ranking
 4th, European Championship team race together with Gignoux
 2004:
 1st, World Championship relay race together with Cédric Tomio, Florent Perrier and Patrick Blanc
 1st, Transcavallo race together with Gignoux
 2005:
 2nd, World Cup single race, Salt Lake City
 3rd, World Cup team race together with Patrick Blanc
 2006:
 1st, World Championship team race together with Patrick Blanc
 2nd, World Championship relay race together with Gachet, Florent Perrier and Patrick Blanc

Pierra Menta

 1997: 10th, together with Patrice Bret
 1998: 7th, together with Patrice Bret
 1999: 3rd, together with Patrice Bret
 2000: 3rd, together with Patrice Bret
 2001: 1st, together with Pierre Gignoux
 2002: 2nd, together with Pierre Gignoux
 2003: 2nd, together with Pierre Gignoux
 2005: 1st, together with Patrick Blanc
 2006: 1st, together with Patrick Blanc

Trofeo Mezzalama

 2001: 2nd, together with Jean Pellissier and Fabio Meraldi
 2003: 2nd, together with Jean Pellissier and Pierre Gignoux
 2005: 1st, together with Patrick Blanc and Guido Giacomelli

Patrouille des Glaciers

 2000: 5th (and 3rd in "seniors I" class ranking), together with Francis Bibollet and Pierre Gignoux
 2004: 1st in record time, together with Jean Pellissier and Patrick Blanc
 2006: 1st in record time, together with Patrick Blanc and Guido Giacomelli

References

French male ski mountaineers
World ski mountaineering champions
1971 births
2012 deaths
Sportspeople from Savoie
Sport deaths in France
Mountaineering deaths


Lionel Bonnel (born September 26, 1966) is a French ski mountaineer and skiing instructor.

Bonnel, member of the Club Alpin Français, holds the Chamonix-Zermatt Haute Route record with Stéphane Brosse, in 21h11'  He is married with three children, and lives in Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne.

Selected results
 2006:
 9th (and 4th in "Seniors I" class ranking), Patrouille des Glaciers (together with Alain Premat and Sébastien Baud)
 2007:
 7th, Trofeo Mezzalama (together with Fabien Anselmet and Sébastien Baud)

Pierra Menta

 1993: 10th, together with Patrick Lambert
 1994: 6th, together with Patrick Lambert
 1997: 8th, together with Patrick Lambert
 1998: 10th, together with Michel Sibuet Becquet
 2005: 10th, together with Daniel Degabai

References

French male ski mountaineers
1966 births
Living people


Eretmodini is a tribe of African cichlids.
It contains five species of freshwater fish endemic to Lake Tanganyika. They are small fish with reduced swim bladders that are found near the bottom in the turbulent, coastal surf zone. They are mouthbrooders.

Genera
There are three genera, consisting of five species in the tribe:

Eretmodus Boulenger, 1898
Spathodus Boulenger, 1900
Tanganicodus Poll, 1950

References

External links

 http://ctdbase.org/detail.go?type=taxon&acc=319068

Pseudocrenilabrinae

Cichlid fish of Africa


The Last Encore is the fourth album by the Dutch progressive rock band Kayak. It was originally released by Mercury Records in 1976 and issued on CD in 1995, with a re-release by Universal in 2002.

The songs "Still My Heart Cries For You" and "Do You Care" were released as singles in The Netherlands but neither charted in the Top 40. After this album, drummer and founder member Pim Koopman left the band to become a record producer. He returned to Kayak in 1999.

Track listing
 "Back To The Front" (Scherpenzeel/Slager) - 4:30
 "Nothingness" (Scherpenzeel) - 3:56
 "Love Of A Victim" (Koopman) - 2:49
 "Land On The Water" (Koopman) - 2:27
 "The Last Encore" (Scherpenzeel) - 3:59
 "Do You Care" (Koopman) - 2:48
 "Still My Heart Cries For You" (Koopman) - 4:32
 "Relics From A Distant Age" (Scherpenzeel) - 4:54
 "Love Me Tonight / Get On Board" (Scherpenzeel) - 2:40
 "Evocation" (Koopman) - 3:49
 "Raid Your Own House" (Scherpenzeel) - 3:35
 "Well Done" (Koopman) - 0:53

The original LP was not released in the USA. Instead, Janus Records released an LP with songs from 2 European Kayak releases. The USA LP Starlight Dancer contains songs from the European "The Last Encore" and "Starlight Dancer" albums. It has the sleeve design of "The Last Encore".

Lineup
 Max Werner - lead (all but 12) vocals, percussion, Mellotron
 Johan Slager - guitars, backing vocals
 Ton Scherpenzeel - keyboards, backing vocals, accordion, double bass
 Bert Veldkamp - bass, backing vocals, double bass, saxophone, zither
 Pim Koopman - drums, backing and lead (12) vocals percussion, marimba, piano

References

External links
Official homepage

Kayak (band) albums
1976 albums


Tömür Dawamat (; ; June 16, 1927 – December 19, 2018) was the chairman of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China from 1985 to 1993.

Tömür was an ethnic Uyghur. He started his working career in May 1950 and later became the local leader from 1954 to 1964. He held a high position in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Revolution Committee from 1968 to 1979 and then became Chief of the People's Congress of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region before he took office as the chairman of Xinjiang in 1985. After his chairmanship, he was a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

Tömür Dawamat died on December 19, 2018, at the age of 91.

References

1927 births
2018 deaths
People from Turpan
People's Republic of China politicians from Xinjiang
Uyghurs
Political office-holders in Xinjiang
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Xinjiang
Members of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Vice Chairpersons of the National People's Congress
Uyghur politicians
Burials at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery


The 2009 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix was the fifth round of the 2009 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 29–31 May 2009 at the Mugello Circuit. The Moto GP race was won by Casey Stoner with Jorge Lorenzo second and Valentino Rossi in third place. This broke Rossi's sequence of seven consecutive victories at this event. During the weekend, Dani Pedrosa recorded the fastest speed ever for a motorcycle grand prix bike, with  breaking Makoto Tamada's record of  set in 2006. Mika Kallio and Rossi also recorded speeds above the previous benchmark.

MotoGP classification

250 cc classification

125 cc classification

Championship standings after the race (MotoGP)

Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round five has concluded.

Riders' Championship standings

Constructors' Championship standings

 Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

References

Italian motorcycle Grand Prix
Italian
Motorcycle Grand Prix


Minuscule 409 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 424 (in Soden's numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century.
It has marginalia.

Description

The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels on 210 parchment leaves (). The text is written in one column per page, in 29 lines per page. The writing is very rough, the stops being mostly red crosses.

The text is divided according to the  (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their  (titles) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 234 Sections, the last section in 16:9), but references to the Eusebian Canons are absent.

It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, the Eusebian Canon tables, and Prolegomena at the beginning, the tables of the  (tables of contents) are placed before each Gospel, the Synaxarion, Menologion, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, with numbers of stichoi.

Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Kx. Aland placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family Kx in Luke 1 and Luke 20. In Luke 10 no profile was made.

The text contains many errors and rare readings.

History

Wiedmann and J. G. J. Braun collated portions of the manuscript for Scholz (1794-1852). The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz.
C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886.

The manuscript is currently housed at the Biblioteca Marciana (Gr. I. 15) in Venice.

See also

 List of New Testament minuscules
 Biblical manuscript
 Textual criticism

References

Further reading

Greek New Testament minuscules
14th-century biblical manuscripts


The Accusation () is a 1950 Italian melodrama film directed by Giacomo Gentilomo.

Cast
 Lea Padovani as Irene
 Marcello Mastroianni as Renato La Torre
 Andrea Checchi as Inspector Constantini
  as Miss Inghirami
 Emma Baron
 Alda Mangini
 Karl Ludwig Diehl as Massimo Ruska
  as Donate

 Mary Genni
 Silvana Muzi
 Alessio Ruggeri
 Maria Pia Spini

References

External links

1950 films
1950 drama films
1950s Italian-language films
Italian black-and-white films
Films directed by Giacomo Gentilomo
Italian drama films
Melodrama films
1950s Italian films


Perissodini is a tribe of African cichlids, containing three genera of freshwater fish found only in Lake Tanganyika.

One of its genera, Haplotaxodon, feeds on small fish and zooplankton. The other two genera are specialised in eating scales from other fish. They are all mouthbrooders.

References

External links
 https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/319066
 https://web.archive.org/web/20071206122807/http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/pfk/pages/item.php?news=1344

Pseudocrenilabrinae


The 2009 Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix was the sixth round of the 2009 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 12–14 June 2009 at the Circuit de Catalunya. This race is known as one of the most thrilling in MotoGP history, because Valentino Rossi held off the challenge of teammate Jorge Lorenzo by overtaking him in the last corner, on the last lap, to win the race.

MotoGP classification

250 cc classification

125 cc classification

Incident
Julian Simon, a Spanish racer in the 125cc race, celebrated victory one lap early, as he was confused with the sign that his team had shown him. He thought the sign said he was first position with no laps left, when the sign actually says 'L1' which means that he had one lap remaining. Andrea Iannone stormed to the lead and won, whilst Simon could only finish fourth.

Championship standings after the race (MotoGP)

Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round six has concluded.

Riders' Championship standings

Constructors' Championship standings

 Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

References

Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix
Catalan
Catalan Motorcycle Grand Prix
motorcycle


Babiche is a type of cord or lacing of rawhide or sinew traditionally made by Native Americans.

Babiche were used for all purposes for which Europeans would use string or rope, e.g. as webbing, in the manufacture of snowshoes, braided straps and tumplines, fishing and harpoon lines.

Babiche bags were flexible carrying bags made from netted rawhide thongs, used by the Indigenous peoples of the Subarctic into the 20th century, especially for carrying meat.

Etymology
Babiche is the Canadian French adaptation of an Algonquian word derived from the Míkmaq ápapíj, itself derived from ápapi, meaning "cord" or "thread".

References

Notes

Ropework
Native American tools


Newark, the largest city in New Jersey and second largest in New York metropolitan area, is one of the United States' major air, shipping, and rail hubs. It has a distinctive skyline, though shorter than that of much larger New York City and slightly smaller Jersey City. Since the mid-2000s numerous buildings have been re-lit and made more prominent. Newark was founded in 1666, and its downtown grew around the site of the early settlement at Four Corners. Early highrises were developed there and at Military Park during the economic boom of the Roaring Twenties. In the New Newark  era (1950s-1970s) modernist buildings went up, particularly around Washington Park. In the post-industrial-high tech era, development has been concentrated in the Gateway District near Penn Station. Clusters of residential highrises (not included in this list) are found throughout the city, particularly near Weequahic Park and Branch Brook Park. Three ZMPC Super-Post-Panamax container cranes each measuring  at Port Newark are the tallest structures in the city.

Tallest buildings

.

Timeline of tallest buildings since 1868

This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in Newark.

Proposed and under construction
Grant USA Tower would have been the tallest building in the United States had it been built.
This lists buildings that are proposed for construction.

See also
List of tallest buildings in New Jersey
List of tallest buildings in Jersey City
List of tallest buildings in Atlantic City
List of tallest buildings in Fort Lee
List of tallest buildings in New Brunswick
List of tallest buildings in Camden
Newark Public Service Terminal
Robert Treat Center
Pavilion and Colonnade Apartments

External links
Graph of New Jersey's twelve tallest buildings
Old Newark.com office building images
Newark skycraper photos
BCDC Newark buildings and sites
Emporis Top Twenty

Panorama
.

References
General
Emporis.com - Newark
Skyscraperpage.com - Newark
Specific

Newark

Towers in New Jersey
History of Newark, New Jersey
Tourist attractions in Essex County, New Jersey
Architecture in New Jersey
Newark


Haggerston is a hamlet located in the county of Northumberland, England about  south of Berwick-upon-Tweed and adjacent to the A1 road. Historically, it was a baronetcy in the civil parish of Ancroft, then located in County Durham. Today, it is best known for Haggerston Castle caravan park.

History

Haggerston was first mentioned in sources in 1311, when Edward II visited Haggerston Castle, and again in 1345, when the castle was described as a 'strong tower' and was granted a licence to crenellate by Edward III in the same year. This licence is recorded in the Calendar of patent rolls (1343–45), p. 479.

The inhabitants of the castle, the de Hagardestons, are believed to have been part of the invading force of William the Conqueror, who invaded as far north as Berwick-upon-Tweed. The land at Haggerston was, at that time, boggy and wet, the remaining lake serving as a reminder of this. There are few records of the early part of the history of Haggerston Castle, as later fires destroyed much of the castle, along with its documents. It is known that John de Hagardeston inhabited the castle in the late 12th and early 13th century, his death having been documented circa 1210. He married into the Manners family, of Cheswick. The name of de Hagardeston appears to have changed to the anglicised spelling of Haggerston with Thomas Haggerston, born circa 1458.

In 1642, Sir Thomas Haggerston was created the first baronet of Haggerston, in the Baronetage of England. The Haggerstons married into many great families, such as the Cheswick family, gaining large amounts of land, but Haggerston eventually became a minor estate, connected to the Maxwell and Constable families, and passed to the Maxwell Lord Herries of Terregles, through Winifred Maxwell, who married William Haggerston-Constable, second son of the third Baronet. Their grandson, William Constable-Maxwell, became the 10th Lord Herries of Terregles when the title was restored in 1858.

C.J. Naylor
By the 1880s, the castle and estates were part of the Leyland Entailed Estates, built up by Liverpool banker Thomas Naylor. On his death in 1891, it was inherited by his nephew Christopher John Naylor (1849–1926), who gave up his family home Leighton Hall, Powys to his brother, and moved to Haggerston, changing his name to C.J. Leyland.

By 1893 he had rebuilt the main house, and like his father John Naylor started to develop his own gardens at Haggerston, overseeing the landscaping of the  estate. His brother John sent him six Cupressocyparis leylandii, a hybrid tree which had cross pollinated naturally at Leighton Hall in 1888 when the female flowers or cones of Nootka Cypress were fertilised by pollen from Monterey Cypress Naylor also laid out a  Italian garden.

Unfortunately, the castle is supposedly according to local legend subject to a witch's curse, which has resulted in the castle being damaged by fire on three occasions. The original reason for the curse and the resultant first fire are unknown, but the subsequent fires took place in 1618 and 1911. The fire resulted in only the tower remaining, and due to World War I Leyland never lived in the house again.

Today
After C.J. Naylor's death in 1926, in 1933, the ruins of the house were demolished and the estate auctioned off in 2,000 lots, to try to recoup some of the family fortune.

Only the tower and the rotunda (both Grade II listed buildings) remain of the house C.J. Naylor built on the castle site in 1893. Haven Holidays now owns these buildings and operates a holiday park on surrounding  of land, with the main complex for the caravan park stretches between these buildings to resemble a large tent. The tower is used as a storeroom, and the rotunda is the Owner's Exclusive lounge. The cellars have been converted into a bar and storerooms.

Seven semi-detached cottages, the "Roadside Cottages", still remain, and are privately owned, having been built for the employees of the castle in the late 18th century, along with a terrace of four cottages, the "Flower Cottages". There is also a modern-built house. The ruins of the chapel and the ice house still remain, along with the dovecote on the opposite side the A1.

Governance
Haggerston is in the parliamentary constituency of Berwick-upon-Tweed.

Economy
In 1925, a firm of commercial nurserymen specialising in conifers were looking for a breed that was fast growing, and could be deployed in hard to grow windy and salty areas such as Cornwall. Eventually they found the six original trees developed by Leyland, and began propagating the species, calling them Haggerston Grey in respect to their origins. In 1953, a freak tornado blew down one of the original trees at Haggerston (the other original five trees still survive), on which the research division of the Forestry Commission started developing additional hybrids. Commercial nurseries spotted the now termed Leylandii's potential, and for many years it was the biggest-selling item in every garden centre in Great Britain, making up to 10% of their total sales.

See also
Haggerston Castle

References

 Jackson, Michael. (1992) Castles of Northumbria. Barmkin Books.
 The Haggerston Historical Handbook

 Images of Haggerston castle
 Haggerston Pedigree from Stirnet

External links

Villages in Northumberland


Minuscule 410 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 318 (in Soden's numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on cotton paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The marginal apparatus is full. The manuscript was prepared for the Church reading.

Description

The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels on 213 paper leaves (). The text is written in one column per page, in 28 lines per page.

The text is divided according to the  (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their  (titles) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, whose numbers are given at the margin, but without references to the Eusebian Canons.

It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum (Epistle to Carpian), the Eusebian Canon tables, Prolegomena, tables of the  (tables of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin Synaxarion, Menologion, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, with numbers of stichoi.

The Epistula ad Carpianum, the Eusebian tables (on parchment), Prolegomena to the four Gospels, and Prolegomena to Matthew on parchment, possibly from the 13th century.

Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Kx. Aland placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual cluster M349 in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20.

History

The manuscript was dated to the 13th or 14th century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 13th century.

The manuscript was written by Joasaph, a monk. Wiedmann and J. G. J. Braun collated portions of the manuscript for Scholz (1794-1852). The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz.
C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886.

The manuscript is currently housed at the Biblioteca Marciana (Gr. I. 17) in Venice.

See also

 List of New Testament minuscules
 Biblical manuscript
 Textual criticism

References

Further reading

Greek New Testament minuscules
13th-century biblical manuscripts


"Paris" is the second single by Friendly Fires taken from the band's self-titled debut album Friendly Fires. The song features backing vocals from the members of the American indie pop trio Au Revoir Simone, and samples the song "Sun and Ice" from the album From Here We Go Sublime by The Field.

The Aeroplane remix of the song features the members of Au Revoir Simone on lead vocals.

In October 2011, music magazine NME placed it at number 47 on its list "150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years".

In 2012, "Paris" was listed by NME in 48th place on its list of "50 Most Explosive Choruses."

Track listing
12" vinyl
 "Paris" (Justus Kohncke Remix) – 10:30
 "Paris" (Aeroplane Remix ft. Au Revoir Simone) – 7:45

Download
 "Paris" – 4:02
 "Paris" (Aeroplane Remix) – 7:45
 "Paris" (Justus Kohncke Remix) – 10:30

Charts

References

2008 singles
2008 songs
XL Recordings singles
Friendly Fires songs


Moraea bellendenii is a species of plant in genus Moraea that was named after John Bellenden, the English botanist.

It is common in the Western Cape on sandy slopes and flats, this yellow flowered cormous geophyte is usually 50 – 100 cm high, multi-branched, with a solitary leaf. The outer tepals of the flowers are 22 – 33 mm long and the inner tepals tricuspidate, 8 – 10 mm long. It flowers from October to November.

Its distribution ranges in the Western Cape from Darling in the west to Plettenberg Bay in the East. It is closely related to Moraea tricuspidata.

It was first described as Vieusseuxia bellendenii by Robert Sweet in 1826. In 1929 N. E. Brown revised the assessment of the species and authored it as "Morea Bellendeni" (now Moraea bellendenii).

References
Goldblatt: The Moraeas of Southern Africa. Annals of Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardent Vol.14 CTP Book Printers Cape 1986.

bellendenii
Plants described in 1826
Taxa named by N. E. Brown
Taxa named by Robert Sweet (botanist)


Troy Milam (born June 30, 1980) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman who is currently playing for Anyang Halla of the Asia League Ice Hockey (ALIH).

Playing career
Undrafted, Milam was a graduate of Ferris State University and Lake Orion High School. He played 4 years for Ferris State University, and also the Hershey Bears of the AHL and the Gwinnett Gladiators of the ECHL.  While attending Ferris State Troy volunteered his time and services to help out local charities and children.  Troy Milam remains a legend in the town of Big Rapids today.

On November 25, 2009, Milam belatedly signed for Ässät after an off-season rehab from an injury since last season whilst with Ives of the then Finnish SM-liiga.

Milam left HC Sparta Praha of the Czech Extraliga, signing with Austrian outfit, EC Red Bull Salzburg of the Austrian Hockey League on July 2, 2013.

After two successful seasons with Salzburg, Milam was opted to sign with Austrian rivals, the Vienna Capitals on June 5, 2015. He left the Capitals upon the conclusion of the 2015-16 season and headed to Germany, signing with the Iserlohn Roosters of the top-flight Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) on June 18, 2016.

Career statistics

Awards and honours

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
American expatriate ice hockey players in Austria
American expatriate ice hockey players in the Czech Republic
American expatriate ice hockey players in Finland
American men's ice hockey defensemen
Porin Ässät (men's ice hockey) players
Chicago Wolves players
Compuware Ambassadors players
Ferris State Bulldogs men's ice hockey players
Gwinnett Gladiators players
Hershey Bears players
High1 players
Ice hockey players from Michigan
Ilves players
Iserlohn Roosters players
Manchester Monarchs (AHL) players
HK Nitra players
Norfolk Admirals players
People from Lake Orion, Michigan
Ice hockey people from Oakland County, Michigan
Reading Royals players
EC Red Bull Salzburg players
San Antonio Rampage players
HC Sparta Praha players
Vienna Capitals players
American expatriate ice hockey players in England
American expatriate ice hockey players in Slovakia
American expatriate ice hockey players in South Korea
American expatriate ice hockey players in Germany
HL Anyang players


"Peaches en Regalia" is an instrumental jazz fusion composition by Frank Zappa. It was initially released on Zappa's album Hot Rats in 1969 and has been recorded many times since. Years later, in 1987, the piece was released as a CD single to promote Rykodisc's Zappa CD reissue campaign. Zappa used the piece on many of his tours, often as either the opening or the encore of a show.

"Peaches en Regalia" has been included in the "underground" version of The Real Book, despite being compositionally more complicated than typical jam session tunes. Having a song included in the book has been described as "the ultimate insider credential for a jazz composer".

The tune is used as instrumental background music on the BBC London radio programme presented by Danny Baker, as well as the Elis James and John Robins show on BBC Radio 5 Live. It was also the theme tune for the early 1970s BBC2 show One Man's Week.

A cover of the piece, recorded by Zappa Plays Zappa (including Zappa's son Dweezil and former Zappa alumni Steve Vai and Napoleon Murphy Brock), won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance in February 2009.

Personnel
Frank Zappa – octave bass, guitar, percussion
Ian Underwood – keyboards, flute, saxophone, clarinet
Shuggie Otis – bass
Ron Selico – drums

Renditions

By Zappa

On tribute albums

Other versions

Legacy
Don Miguel Vilanova (aka Botafogo), an Argentine blues musician, had a band in the late 1980s, inspired by the blues and specifically Zappa's song "Peaches en Regalia", the name of which was  translated literally into the Spanish as "Durazno de Gala".

Notes

External links

1969 compositions
Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance
Compositions by Frank Zappa
Frank Zappa songs
Jazz fusion compositions
Song recordings produced by Frank Zappa


The 2009 Dutch TT was the seventh round of the 2009 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 25–27 June 2009 at the TT Circuit Assen.

Valentino Rossi won the MotoGP race, his 100th career victory, ahead of teammate Jorge Lorenzo, with Australia's Casey Stoner, who led early on, finishing third.

MotoGP classification

250 cc classification

125 cc classification

Notes

Championship standings after the race (MotoGP)

Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round seven has concluded.

Riders' Championship standings

Constructors' Championship standings

 Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

References

Dutch TT
Dutch
Tourist Trophy


The East Lincolnshire Railway was a main line railway linking the towns of Boston, Alford, Louth and Grimsby in Lincolnshire, England. It opened in 1848. The ELR Company had leased the line to the Great Northern Railway, and it was the latter which constructed the line and operated it, as its East Lincolnshire Line.

As the Great Northern Railway completed its network, the East Lincolnshire Line formed a main line to Louth and Grimsby. In the latter decades of the nineteenth century seaside leisure pursuits became important, and the line became the trunk route supporting branches to Skegness, Sutton on Sea and Mablethorpe. Agricultural produce was important throughout the life of the line.

As road transport became more convenient, the line lost custom, and in 1970 it closed except for the portion from Boston to Firsby, which supported the Skegness branch, which continued in use. All intermediate stations on the ELR, and all of the route from Firsby to Grimsby were closed to passengers in 1970.

Authorisation
The East Lincolnshire Railway was authorised by Act of 26 June 1846, with permitted share capital of £600,000. The authorisation was to build a  mile line built from its own terminus at Pasture Street in Great Grimsby to Boston, where it was to join the Loop Line of the Great Northern Railway, which had been authorised the same day. The potentially much larger Great Northern Railway immediately entered negotiations to lease the East Lincolnshire Railway. The GNR's purpose was to secure territory to itself, and it did so by acquiring, by lease or by purchase, authorised lines in areas it sought to  control. The GNR took the East Lincolnshire Railway on a lease at 6% of its paid-up capital, an arrangement described as "somewhat improvident".

This lease was made immediately after the authorisation of the two lines, and was renewed later as a lease for 1,000 years. The East Lincolnshire Railway Company was from that time a financial shell, only concerned with distributing the lease charge of £3,600 annually  to shareholders.

Originally the ELR had intended to provide its own terminus at Pasture Street in Grimsby, but the GNR agreed with the Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway to use its Grimsby station. The following year on 2 July 1847 a further Act authorised the ELR to build a branch half a mile in length to make the connection to the GG&SJR. The Great Grimsby company soon merged with others and became the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway. Further share capital of £10,000 was authorised. A further Act of 9 July 1847 authorised the acquisition of the ELR Company by the Great Northern Railway, although this was not acted on.

It was the Great Northern Railway which built, and later, operated the line. Most of its extent was a perfectly straight line with no heavy cuttings. There were ten bridges, three over the line and seven under the line. The contractors were Waring and Sons of Louth. The architects of the station buildings were John Grey Weightman and Matthew Ellison Hadfield of Sheffield.

Opening

The 14-mile section between Louth and Grimsby opened on 1 March 1848. The Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway opened its line from Grimsby to New Holland on the same day. The MS&LR and the GNR both used the Grimsby station; the MS&LR and GNR arranged to run over each other's lines. The original passenger service was five trains each way on weekdays over the 30 miles between Louth and New Holland, with two trains each way on Sundays. New Holland was the ferry terminal for Hull.

Later that year, the East Lincolnshire Line was further extended southward, from Louth to Firsby (at that time spelt Firstby). This opened on 3 September 1848, and on 2 October 1848 the line was opened from Firsby to a temporary station at Boston; the entire East Lincolnshire Railway authorised system was now complete.

GNR Loop Line
Work had been proceeding on the GNR Loop Line, and the 58 miles from near Peterborough through Boston to Lincoln opened on 17 October 1848. That line was double except for a mile at Boston immediately south of the junction of the East Lincolnshire Line and the Loop Line. This was awkwardly squeezed in between houses at Witham Town and the River Witham, on the north approach to the skew bridge over the Grand Sluice. It was soon realised that this was not proper, and the section was made double track by a deviation (to the other side of the houses) on 11 May 1850; the point of junction of the East Lincolnshire Line was shifted slightly as well.

These line openings enabled through journeys to be made to London from Lincolnshire and from Hull (by ferry to New Holland), using the Eastern Counties Railway or the London and North Western Railway from Peterborough southwards.

Connecting lines
The East Lincolnshire Line formed a spine from which a number of branch lines diverged. Its straight course led it to by-pass several important towns, and the development of seaside holidays and excursions from the 1860s generated a demand for easier transport links.

Geographically from south to north, these were:

Spilsby branch

Spilsby was a significant market town, and a branch line from the East Lincolnshire Line at Firsby was promoted locally. It opened in 1868. Although the branch line was busy enough, servicing loans taken out during the construction period was perpetually problematical, and in 1891 the Great Northern Railway purchased the company. The passenger service was suspended in 1939 as a war economy, and never reinstated; the line closed completely in 1958.

Wainfleet and Skegness

The East Lincolnshire Railway followed a direct path to Grimsby, and in doing so passed by the coastal towns. As seaside holidays became popular in the third quarter of the nineteenth century, these towns realised that they suffered from not having a good railway connection, and in some cases set about rectifying the matter. The Wainfleet and Firsby Railway was authorised in 1869 to build from Firsby on the East Lincolnshire Line to Wainfleet, which was a semi-defunct port halfway to Skegness. It opened in 1871, and road transport completed the journey to Skegness. This wasn't satisfactory either, and in 1873 a line from Wainfleet to Skegness completed the branch line.

The junction at Firsby faced away from the most important traffic, and a west to south curve was installed in 1881. The Skegness branch carried a very heavy holiday traffic.

Mablethorpe and Sutton on Sea

Like Skegness, Mablethorpe developed as a seaside resort for excursionists and holidaymakers. A branch line was opened by the Louth and East Coast Railway in 1877. Sutton le Marsh, a few miles to the south, was also popular, and the Sutton and Willoughby Railway and Dock company opened a branch line in 1886, and used the pleasanter name Sutton on Sea for the resort. This line was more practical, as it was south-facing, enabling an easier approach for the holiday trains. A major part of the Sutton and Willoughby Railway and Dock was the construction of a fishing harbour to rival Grimsby, but the company never generated enough money to attempt the dock. (Later on, other companies promised to open it, but they also failed.) The distance between Sutton and Mablethorpe was not great and the company decided to build a railway to fill the gap; that opened in 1888. This had the effect that the holiday trains nearly all approached Mablethorpe by running through (and calling at) Sutton.

The Sutton and Willoughby company was absorbed by the Great Northern Railway in 1902, followed by the Louth and East Coast Railway in 1908.

Louth to Bardney Line

The Louth to Bardney line was planned to run to Five Mile House, near Lincoln, and provide a through run between Lincoln and Grimsby, also connecting (as yet unproven) ironstone resources. The line was cut back for lack of money, and opened to Bardney in stages between 1874 and 1882. The hoped-for through trunk traffic did not appear, and the ironstone was available in small quantities only. The line remained a penniless local line. It was reluctantly purchased by the Great Northern Railway in 1883.It closed to passengers in 1951, and completely in 1960.

Kirkstead and Little Steeping Railway

As holiday traffic to East Coast resorts became dominant, the roundabout route from the Midlands and Northern population centres to Skegness via Boston (reversing direction there) became increasingly an irritation. In 1911 the GNR decided to build the New Line, between junctions east of Kirkstead and west of Little Steeping. The line was 15 miles long, and it opened in 1913. Much of the holiday traffic was diverted over it; its local traffic was modest, and confined to agricultural business.

Railmotors
The long and thinly populated tract of the East Lincolnshire Line led the directors to consider how passenger operation might be made cheaper. In the early years of the twentieth century, a number of railway companies experimented with railmotors. These were self-contained passenger coaches which had a small integrated steam locomotive. Central retractable steps enabled passengers to board and alight from simple platforms at ground level. In 1905, such a service was started between Louth and Grimsby, and a number of new halts were opened: (, , , ,  and ).

The railmotors had mixed success; their limited passenger capacity led to problems at busy times; and they were incapable of hauling a tail load of any great weight.

Commercial results
The East Lincolnshire Railway company had promoted the construction of the line to connect Grimsby to Boston. It was fortuitous that the Great Northern Railway built an important route through Boston, giving useful connectivity to the East Lincolnshire Line, as it became. Nevertheless, the intervening terrain was largely rural and very thinly populated. Trunk passenger travel from Grimsby to London was not enough to sustain the line. The development of Skegness, Mablethorpe and Sutton on Sea brought a huge and unforeseen volume of traffic to the relevant parts of the line, and indeed at the peaks overwhelmed the capacity of terminals to handle the traffic.

When passenger and goods transport by road became practicable and convenient in the 1920s and after, the use of the line gradually declined accordingly, and there was a possibility in the early 1960s that the whole network, including the Skegness branch, might close. Protests had an effect, but only a delaying effect in general.

Closure
The line was recommended for partial closure in the 1963 Beeching Report as it was not felt to be economically viable. The closure went through two public enquiries before being approved at the end of the decade. The final decision was to retain services between Boston and Skegness, and retain the remainder of the line for freight. The passenger service throughout the East Lincolnshire Line and all branches was closed on 5 October 1970, with the exception of Boston - Skegness. A special train ran that evening, with 1,000 spectators at Louth station.

Skegness was to continue to be served by train from Boston via the 1881 curve at Firsby. All the stations on the original East Lincolnshire Line closed, but the Skegness trains traversed the line from the site of the former junction at Boston to Firsby South, and then over the Skegness branch. In addition the section from Grimsby to Louth remained in use for goods trains to Associated British Maltsters at Louth, but this ceased in December 1980. The line was offered to the Grimsby to Louth Preservation Society to run as a heritage railway, but they could not afford the £400,000 required. A special passenger train ran over the line before it was lifted.

Restoring Your Railway

In March 2021, two bids were submitted to restore the line from Louth to Firsby and the line from Mablethorpe to Firsby as part of the third round of the Restoring Your Railway fund.

Preservation group
The Lincolnshire Wolds Railway now operates a heritage railway system. It owns the five miles of trackbed from its present terminus at Ludborough to the Fairfield Industrial Estate at Louth, where a substantial site for a new station has been set aside.

Station list

 Grimsby; opened 1 March 1848; renamed Grimsby Town 1900; still open;
 Garden Street Crossing;
 Grimsby Goods Junction;
 Hainton Street Halt; opened 11 December 1905; closed 11 September 1961;
 Weelsby Road Halt; opened 11 December 1905; closed 1 January 1940;
 Waltham; opened 1 March 1848; closed 11 September 1961;
 Holton Village Halt; opened 11 December 1905; closed 11 September 1961;
 Holton-le-Clay; opened 1 March 1848; closed 4 July 1955;
 Grainsby Halt; opened 11 December 1905; closed after October 1939;
 North Thoresby; opened 1 March 1848; closed 5 October 1970;
 Ludborough; opened 1 March 1848; closed 11 September 1961;
 Utterby Halt; opened 11 December 1905; closed 11 September 1961;
 Fotherby; opened 11 December 1905; closed 11 September 1961;
 Fotherby Gatehouse; opened September 1863; closed October 1872;
 Louth; opened 1 March 1848; closed 5 October 1970;
 Legbourne; opened 3 September 1848; renamed Legbourne Road 1880; closed 7 December 1953;
 Authorpe; opened 3 September 1848; closed 11 September 1961;
 Claythorpe; opened 3 September 1848; renamed Aby 1885; closed 11 September 1961;
 Alford Town; opened 3 September 1848; renamed Alford Town 1923; closed 5 October 1970;
 Willoughby; opened 3 September 1848; relocated 4 October 1886; closed 5 October 1970;
 Burgh; opened 3 September 1848; renamed Burgh-le-Marsh 1923; closed 5 October 1970;
 Firstby; opened 3 September 1848; soon renamed Firsby; closed 5 October 1970;
 Little Steeping; opened 2 October 1848; closed 11 September 1961;
 East Ville; opened 2 October 1848; closed 11 September 1961;
 Hob Hole, Leake and Wrangle; opened 2 October 1848; renamed Old Leake and Wrangle 1852; closed 17 September 1956;
 Sibsey; opened 2 October 1848; closed 11 September 1961;
 East Lincoln Junction; or Grand Sluice Junction;
 Boston; opened 2 October 1848; still open.

Notes

References
Citations

Sources

External links
 https://lincolnshirewoldsrailway.co.uk/  Lincolnshire Wolds Railway

Rail transport in Lincolnshire
London and North Eastern Railway constituents
Railway companies established in 1846
1846 establishments in England


Lewis & Clark is an American sitcom television series that aired on NBC for one season from October 29, 1981 to July 30, 1982. The series stars Gabe Kaplan (who also created the series) and Guich Koock.

Plot
For a native New Yorker, Stewart Lewis (Gabe Kaplan) has a strange—some would say twisted—ambition: he wants to own a country-music club. His wife and kids hate the idea. Despite their misgivings, Stewart moves his family to Luckenbach, Texas, where he bought the Nassau County Cafe, a joint that has had nine owners in the last six years and sports a sign that says "Always Under New Management". While his sidekick Roscoe Clark (Guich Koock) stands by, Stewart lets fly one-liners and bad puns.

The series featured an episode with guest appearances by Robert Hegyes and Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs, who were two of Kaplan's co-stars on Welcome Back, Kotter. At one point during the episode, Hegyes' character tells Lewis, "You should have been a teacher."

Cast
 Gabe Kaplan as Stewart Lewis
 Guich Koock as Roscoe Clark
 Ilene Graff as Alicia Lewis
 David Hollander as Keith Lewis
 Wendy Holcombe as Wendy
 Clifton James as Silas Jones
 Amy Linker as Kelly Lewis
 Michael McManus as John

Reception
The series was intended to be a comeback vehicle for Kaplan after the cancellation of the popular series Welcome Back, Kotter. Ratings for the series, however, were low and NBC canceled the series in January 1982 after eight episodes. The remaining five episodes were burned off in July 1982.

Broadcast history
The first four episodes aired Thursdays at 8:30-9:00 on NBC. The next four episodes aired Saturdays at 9:30-10:00. The last five episodes aired Fridays at 8:00-8:30.

Episodes

* Unknown

Production notes
The series was created by series star Gabe Kaplan, and produced by Johnny Carson's  Carson Productions.

References

External links

1981 American television series debuts
1982 American television series endings
1980s American sitcoms
English-language television shows
NBC original programming
Television duos
Television series by Universal Television
Television shows set in Texas
Television series by Carson Productions


Lea Padovani (28 July 1920 – 23 June 1991) was an Italian film actress. She appeared in 60 films between 1945 and 1990. She starred in the film Black Dossier which was entered into the 1955 Cannes Film Festival.

Partial filmography

 The Innocent Casimiro (1945) - Marcella
 The Sun Still Rises (1946) - Laura
 The White Devil (1947) - Katiousha
 Call of the Blood (1948) - Maddelena
 Letter at Dawn (1948) - Anna
 I cavalieri dalle maschere nere (1948) - Violante
 Che tempi! (1948) - Anna Pastorino
 Give Us This Day (also known as Christ in Concrete) (1949) - Annuziata
 Night Taxi (1950) - (scenes deleted)
 The Accusation (1950) - Irene
 Three Steps North (1951) - Elena Ravezza
 La grande rinuncia (1951) - Elisabetta / Suor Teresa
 Honeymoon Deferred (1951) - Rosina Maggini
 I due derelitti (1951) - Elena
 Fiamme sulla laguna (1951) - Anna
 Rome 11:00 (1952) - Caterina
 I figli non si vendono (1952) - Anna
 Don Lorenzo (1952) - Mara
 Toto and the Women (1952) - Ginetta
 Papà ti ricordo (1952) - Maria
 One of Those (1953) - Maria
 Cinema d'altri tempi (1953) - Caterina
 Donne Proibite (1954) - Franca
 Mid-Century Loves (1954) - Isabella (segment "Girandola 1910")
 Gran varietà (1954) - Anna la soubrette (episodio 'Il fine dicitore')
 A Slice of Life (1954) - Maria (segment "Pupo, Il")
 The Contessa's Secret (1954) - La princesse Mathilde Bonaparte
 Il seduttore (1954) - Norma
 Guai ai vinti (1954) - Luisa
 Naples Is Always Naples (1954) - Carmela Gargiulo
 La tua donna (1954) - Luisa, sua moglie
 Barrier of the Law (1954) - Anna
 Black Dossier (1955) - Françoise Le Guen
 Chéri-Bibi (1955) - La Comtesse
 La moglie è uguale per tutti (1955) - Cristina Ferretti
 Folgore Division (1955) - Salvi's Girlfriend
 Scandal in Sorrento (1955) - Violante Ruotolo
 The Intruder (1956) - Luisa Marcelli
 Solo Dio mi fermerà (1957) - Gloria
 An Eye for an Eye (1957) - Lola Zardi
 The Lovers of Montparnasse (1958) - Rosalie
 Bread, Love and Andalusia (1958) - Donna Violante Ruotolo
 The Naked Maja (1958) - Queen Maria Luisa
 La Princesse de Clèves (1961) - La Reine Catherine de Médicis
 The Reluctant Saint (1962) - Giuseppe's Mother
 Germinal (1963) - La Maheude
 The Empty Canvas (1963) - Balestrieri's Widow
 Shivers in Summer (1964) - Alba Mannelli
 Our Men in Bagdad (1966) - Fiodorenko's partner
 Almost a Man (1966) - Michele's mother
 Gli altri, gli altri... e noi (1967)
 Candy (1968) - Silvia Fontegliulo
 So Long Gulliver (1970) - Woman
 Equinozio (1971) - Margherita
 Ehrengard (1982) - The Grand Duchess
 The King's Whore (1990) - Countess Cumiana

References

External links

1920 births
1991 deaths
Italian film actresses
Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico alumni
People from Lazio
20th-century Italian actresses


Admiral Deshamanya  D. Basil Gunasekara (born 7 May 1929) was the Commander of the Sri Lanka Navy from 1973 to 1979.

Early life and education
Born to a planter in Katana, Gunasekara was the youngest child of a family of five members. Educated at Mahinda College, Galle where he was a champion athlete and a member of the senior cricket team and then at the Royal College, Colombo where he was a senior cadet of the Royal College Cadet Contingent, a champion athlete and played Cricket for Royal College.

Naval career
Gunasekara first joined the Ceylon Police Force as a Sub-Inspector of Police on the recommendation of DIG Sydney de Zoysa, Director of Police Training. However he resigned three years later to join the Royal Ceylon Navy as a direct entry Sub Lieutenant to the executive branch in 1951 and received his training at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich followed by specialized training at Portsmouth and Plymouth. On his return to Ceylon he was assigned to HMS Newfoundland, flagship of the Royal Navy's East Indies Fleet.

Gunasekara's first duty station was as training officer in the Naval Training Establishment at HMCyS Rangalla in Diyatalawa. In 1955 he was given his first command of a small base at Talai Mannar. During the 1958 communal riots he was sent to command the HMRCyS Tissa in Trincomalee which was the home of the Ceylon's Naval Fleet. Thereafter he underwent ASW at HMS Osprey in Portland. Making Lieutenant Commander in 1962 and attended Defence Services Staff College, Wellington in 1963. He served as an extra ADC to Governor General in 1965.

From 1964 to 1970, he served as a staff officer at the Naval Headquarters in Colombo before taking up command as the command of shore establishments in Colombo and Jaffna. In 1970 Commander Gunasekara was appointed Captain of HMRCy Gajabahu the flagship of the Royal Ceylon Navy. He became Chief of Staff of the Navy in 1971 and played a major role in during 1971 JVP Insurrection, when naval personnel were deployed for shore duty to help the army and police in suppressing it. In 1972, he became the first Sri Lankan officer to attend the National Defence College, New Delhi.

In 1973 he was appointed as Commander of the Sri Lanka Navy, promoted to rear admiral and would hold the post for six years retiring in 1979, with the rank of vice admiral. During this time his flag lieutenant was Lieutenant (later Admiral of the Fleet) Wasantha Karannagoda, who later became the Commander of the Navy.

Honors
During his long career in the navy, he received the Republic of Sri Lanka Armed Services Medal, Sri Lanka Navy 25th Anniversary Medal, Ceylon Armed Services Long Service Medal and clasp, and the Ceylon Armed Services Inauguration Medal. He was awarded the title of Deshamanya by the Sri Lankan government and in 2007 he was promoted to the rank of Admiral along with 9 other former service commanders.

Later life
After retirement, he served as general manager of Ceylon Match Company for 12 years and chairman, State Development and Construction Corporation for seven years. He was awarded the title of Deshamanya by the president of Sri Lanka for his services rendered to the country. He was the president of the Association of Flag Rank Officers (ARFRO).

Family
Admiral Gunasekara married Clara Nagahawatte, a daughter of a former mayor of Galle, E.D. Nagahawatta, in 1953, and they have four children  Sriyanga, Piyal, Kapila and Ranil. Piyal Gunasekara joined the navy and went on to achieve the rank of commander before retiring after 20 years of service.

See also
Sri Lanka Navy

References

External links
Sri Lanka Navy
Admiral D.B. Goonesekara, ndc, psc - Sri Lanka Navy
Basil Gunasekara: First post-war Commander of the Navy

1929 births
Commanders of the Navy (Sri Lanka)
Deshamanya
Sri Lankan admirals
Alumni of Mahinda College
Alumni of Royal College, Colombo
Graduates of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich
National Defence College, India alumni
Living people
Sinhalese military personnel
Sinhalese police officers
Defence Services Staff College alumni


The 2009 United States motorcycle Grand Prix was the eighth round of the 2009 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of July 3–5, 2009 at Laguna Seca. As usual, only the MotoGP class was permitted to race at Laguna Seca due to the Californian air pollution law prohibiting two-stroke engines in the state. Spain's Dani Pedrosa took his first win for a year, holding off a last-lap surge from championship leader Valentino Rossi.

MotoGP classification

Championship standings after the race (MotoGP)

Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round eight has concluded.

Riders' Championship standings

Constructors' Championship standings

 Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

References

United States motorcycle Grand Prix
United States
United States Motorcycle Grand Prix
United States Motorcycle Grand Prix