Clement Walker (died 1651) was an English lawyer, official and politician. As a member of the Long Parliament, he became an outspoken critic of the conduct of its affairs, and allied himself to William Prynne. Author of the History of Independency, which as a project with several editions included also his Anarchia Anglicana, he was a strong opponent of religious factionalism, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he died without being brought to trial. He used the pseudonym Theodorus Verax (sometimes misprinted "Varax").

Early life

He was born at Cliffe in Dorset, and is said to have been educated at Christ Church, Oxford, but his name does not appear in the matriculation register. In 1611 he became a student of the Middle Temple, being described as son and heir of Thomas Walker, esq., of Westminster. Before the First English Civil War began, Walker was made usher of the exchequer, an office which he held till February 1650.

In parliament

Walker had an estate at Charterhouse, Somerset, and was reputed to be an enemy to Puritans; but on the outbreak of the war he supported the parliamentary cause, and on 1 April 1643 became a member of the parliamentary committee for Somerset. He was advocate to the court-martial which condemned Robert Yeomans and George Bouchier (Bowyer) for seeking to betray Bristol to Prince Rupert, and was at first a strong supporter of Colonel Nathaniel Fiennes as governor of that city. After the surrender of Bristol by Fiennes to Prince Rupert, Walker became his most bitter enemy, co-operated with William Prynne in publishing pamphlets against him, and finally secured his condemnation by a court-martial. One of these pamphlets was complained of by William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele, father of Colonel Fiennes, to the House of Lords, on the ground that it impugned his reputation. Walker was consequently arrested, brought before the house, fined £100, and ordered to pay £500 damages to Lord Say. He refused to make the submission that was also demanded, alleging that it was against the liberty of the subject, and that, as he was a commoner and a member of a committee appointed by the House of Commons, he ought not to be judged by the lords without being heard also by the lower house. He was sent to the Tower (7 October 1643), but released on bail (3 November) after he had petitioned the commons and caused his articles against Fiennes to be presented to them.

Walker was elected member for Wells about the close of 1645, and made himself notorious by his hostility to the Independents. After the triumph of the army over the Presbyterians he was accused of being one of the instigators of the London riots of 20 July 1647. Walker denied this; he described himself in his writings as opposed to all factions, both presbyterians and independents, and never a member of any 'juntos' or secret meetings. In his Mystery of the Two Juntos, published in 1647, he attacked with acrimony the corruption of parliamentary government which the Long Parliament's assumption of all power had produced.

Expulsion and death

In December 1648 Walker was one of the members who voted the king's concessions sufficient ground for an agreement with him, and was consequently expelled from the house by Pride's Purge. He remained under arrest for about a month, which did not prevent him from publishing a protest against the king's trial. On the publication of the second part of his History of Independency, Parliament ordered Walker's arrest and the seizure of his papers (24 October 1649). A few days later (13 November) he was committed to the Tower to be tried for high treason.Walker was never brought to trial, but remained a prisoner in the Tower until his death in October 1651. He was buried in the church of All Hallows, Barking.

The History of Independency

Walker's major work was a composite, consisting of:

The Mystery of the two Juntos, Presbyterian and Independent, 1647 (reprinted as a preface to the History of Independency);
The History of Independency, with the Rise, Growth, and Practices of that powerful and restless Faction, 1648, (part i.);
A List of the Names of the Members of the House of Commons, observing which are Officers of the Army contrary to the Self-denying Ordinance, 1648 (subsequently incorporated in part i. of the History of Independency.);
A Declaration and Protestation of W. Prynne and C. Walker against the Proceedings of the General and General Council of the Army, 1649, and Six serious Queries concerning the King's Trial (both reprinted in the second part of the History of Independency).;
Anarchia Anglicana, or the History of Independency, the second part, 1649;
The High Court of Justice, or Cromwell's New Slaughter House in England, being the third part of the " History of Independency," written by the same Author, 1651.

The History of Independency and Anarchia Anglicana were published under the pseudonym of Theodorus Verax. One particular aim of the work was to show up the Anglia Rediviva of 1647, by Joshua Sprigge (and perhaps others), as myth-making in its account of the civil war just ended. The Anarchia was answered by George Wither in Respublica Anglicana, where he alleges that the author is Verax (truth-telling) on the title-page but not in the others.

According to John Aubrey, who derived his information from one of Walker's fellow prisoners, Walker wrote a continuation of his 'History' giving an account of the king's coming to Worcester, which was lost. A fourth part of the History was added by a certain T. M., who published it with the preceding three parts in one volume (1661). In this volume is Walker's often quoted criticism of the democrats of the English civil war, in reference to spreading an awareness of meritocracy and the workings of government: "They have made the people thereby so curious and arrogant that they will never find humility enough to submit to a civil rule." An abridgment in Latin of part of the History of Independency, entitled Historia Independentiae, is included in Sylloge Variorum Tractatuum, 1649,  and in Metamorphosis Anglorum, 1653.

Notes

References

External links

British Library page with illustration from an edition of Anarchia Anglicana

Year of birth missing
1651 deaths
English politicians
English lawyers
English writers


Pianola is a small village near L'Aquila, Abruzzo in central Italy. It is situated in the Apennine Mountains at  above sea level.

References

Frazioni of L'Aquila


Bethanie Mattek and Vladimíra Uhlířová were the defending champions, but Uhlířová chose not to participate this year, and only Mattek competed this year. She played alongside Nadia Petrova but lost in the Quarterfinals to Chuang Chia-jung and Sania Mirza.

Chuang and Mirza reached the final where they beat Květa Peschke and Lisa Raymond to win their title.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

External links
 ITF tournament edition details

MPS Group Championships - Doubles
Doubles


Gary Matthews (born 1950) is an American baseball player and coach and broadcaster, father of Gary Matthews, Jr.

Gary Matthews may also refer to:
 Gary Matthews Jr. (born 1974), American baseball player, son of Gary Matthews
 Gary Matthews (politician) (born 1951), American politician from Montana


Morpho anaxibia, the Anaxibia morpho, is a species of Neotropical butterfly endemic to Brazil.

Description
In 1913, Hans Fruhstorfer wrote:
"M. anaxibia Esp. (69 c) may be regarded as one of the characteristic butterflies of southern Brazil. The species stands quite alone in having the abdomen blue above, but forms a transition from the rhetenor to the menelaus group, anaxibia, however, lacks the wonderful gloss of the rhetenor series, the blue is duller, although it has its own particular beauty, and the dazzling iridescence is wanting. The male still suggests rhetenor in the under surface, the female reveals more connection with the menelaus group, but its marginal spots are yellow instead of white. The male bears a narrow black costal border, which is inappreciably widened at the apex and then continued to the hinder angle of the forewing as a proximally more or less dentate distal border. Beyond the cell there is a white patch at the costal margin, but in examples from Blumenau this is frequently absent. The forewing is predominantly black beneath, the hindwing red-brown, respectively with two to three and four to five medium-sized eye-spots, slightly pupilled with white and mostly ringed with light grey-yellow. The under surface of the female is more variegated, marked with slightly glossy broad grey zigzag bands and patches. The female varies above in the white, delicately blue-dusted transcellular patch of the forewing, which may be composed of only one (Parana) or of three divisions."

— Larva on Canella and one of the Myrtaceae "Grumexama", elongate, appreciably thickened in the middle, head with two lateral, not very distinctly projecting tubercles with long bristles. Head shining yellowish horn-colour, covered with small rounded pitting and dots, with fine white hairs and with strong red-brown bristles. Body yellow, sides densely clothed with fine woolly hairs, back gaily coloured, the first two segments finely haired, on the third to the sixth segment long lateral tufts of bristles, then a varied mixture of black, bordeaux-red and white. The 5th and 6th segments naked, the 7th and 8th with a St. Andrew's cross-shaped figure, the four ends of which are adorned with gay tufts of bristles. Anus with two lateral bunches of bristles and the beginning of the last segment, like the anterior ones, armed with brightly coloured hairs. Over the back runs a rather broad band with the inner edge, distinct, the outer broken up into marbling. All the segments further with a double red lateral line. Underside with red-brown patches between the legs. Pupa posteriorly strongly swollen, short, light green with yellowish wing-cases and sharply defined yellow-white ring shortly behind the thickest part of the body. Head with two fine, pointed black horns ; in general smaller, weaker, slighter than those of Morpho hercules Dalm. In the yellowish ring the pupa of anaxibia also differs from that of M. catenari MS Perty. In Sta. Catharina pupation takes place approximately from the 15th of January to the 1st of March."

Behaviour
"According to Mabille it flies for 15–30 days at the end of January and beginning of February and the time of flight only occasionally extends to the end of March. I myself observed anaxibia in large numbers in Santa Catharina, in February, particiuarly in a side valley of the Capivary River. Here a crystal waterfall sprinkled the roots of the forest giants and thus provided a centre of attraction for butterflies" of all sorts. As a wild beast seeks out certain set tracks in order to reach the water, so anaxibia also haunts this spot daily, following up accidental clearings in order to gain the cascade, as if they also sought there for cooling refreshment among the softly rustling arches of the tall bamboos shaken and bedewed by the foaming water. They did not arrive in companies but singly, sailing quietly along, but nevertheless after heavy rain the sand-banks before the rocks of the river were strewed with the glittering blue wings of dead anaxibia and aegea which the water washed up. The female is extraordinarily rare and on hot days rests in the morning hours with the wings closed in wet places in the forest-paths where it can imbibe the moisture. It is then so well concealed by the red under surface, which differs but little from the surrounding ground, that it is usually only noticed by the collector when it is too late. According to von Bonninghausen anaxibia is common in March on the Coreovado."

Subspecies
Two subspecies have been described:
 Morpho anaxibia pelias Fruhstorfer, 1913
 Morpho anaxibia calliphon Fruhstorfer, 1916

Larval food plants
Larvae have been recorded feeding on a wide range of plants: Canellaceae, Guttiferae, Erythroxylaceae, Myrtaceae, Moraceae and Lauraceae.

Etymology
Anaxibia was the daughter of Bias and Iphianassa in Greek mythology. She married Pelias, the name given to one of the two subspecies.

References

 Le Moult (E.) & Réal (P.), 1962–1963. Les Morpho d'Amérique du Sud et Centrale, Editions du cabinet entomologique E. Le Moult, Paris.
Paul Smart, 1976 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World in Color. London, Salamander: Encyclopedie des papillons. Lausanne, Elsevier Sequoia (French language edition)   page 233 fig.11, female (Brazil).

External links
Butterflies of America Images of type and other specimens.

Morpho
Nymphalidae of South America
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Fauna of Brazil


Milaki may refer to:
 Miłaki, Poland
 Milaki, Iran (disambiguation), places in Iran


Lourdes Hernández González (born 1985), known professionally as Russian Red and by the mononym Lourdes, is a Spanish indie and folk singer-songwriter and actress.

Life and career
Hernández is from Madrid, but writes and sings in English; she has said that she instinctively sings in English because she has always listened to music in English. She has been compared to the Canadian singer-songwriter Feist. She took her professional name from her usual lipstick color.

She began playing guitar in the Madrid Metro at the age of 21, while a law student. Her career took off after she met Brian Hunt, a musician with an English father and Spanish mother, with whom she recorded a demo that by 2008 had reached more than 70,000 visits on her MySpace page. In 2007 she performed more than 60 shows and took part in the prestigious Primavera Sound, among other festivals; by mid-2008 she had become well known in the Spanish indie scene.

She recorded her first album, I Love Your Glasses (2008) on Spanish label Eureka at the request of its owner, Fernando Vacas. The album was successful; a columnist in El País dubbed Russian Red the "revelation of the year".

After signing in late 2010 with Octubre, the music label of Sony Music Spain, Russian Red released her second album, Fuerteventura, in May 2011. Fuerteventura was recorded in Glasgow, with members of Belle and Sebastian and their producer Tony Doogan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.lainformacion.com/arte-cultura-y-espectaculos/russian-red-fuerteventura-es-un-disco-menos-acustico-que-el-primero-con-canciones-mas-directas_uvh4gfctnqlxd6b2vfc257/ |title=Russian Red: Fuerteventura' es un disco menos acústico que el primero, con canciones más directas' |newspaper=La Información |date=May 9, 2011 |language=es }}</ref> Following the release of the album, she promoted it throughout Spain with presentations and concerts in major cities and appearances at the major summer festivals. She then toured in Asia, including Taiwan, where she achieved great success. After a break in December 2011, she resumed touring in Europe and Asia with a new concert format, accompanied by Hunt and Pablo Serrano; Serrano was later replaced by Juan Diego "Juandi" Gosálvez, and in late 2012 the three also performed five concerts as a tribute to the Beatles, with Alex Ferreira as bassist and vocalist in one of the songs.

During this period, Russian Red also recorded a duet with Elvis Presley of his song "Love Me Tender" in the special Spanish edition of the album Viva Elvis, released in late 2010. In October 2011 she covered the Leonard Cohen song "So Long, Marianne" as a tribute to him, and she was the voice of Mérida on the Castilian Spanish version of the soundtrack of the 2012 Disney / Pixar film Brave.

Her move to a major label disappointed some of her indie fans, and there were rumors that she was in a relationship with soccer player Xabi Alonso, who was married. In 2013, she moved to Los Angeles, where in 2016 she married architect and musician Zack Leigh. The couple subsequently converted the church in which they had married into a residence and wedding venue. With Leigh and his brother Aaron, she formed the group Babes.

She recorded her third studio album, Agent Cooper, at Sunset Studios. It was produced by Joe Chiccarelli, mixed by Mark Needham, and engineered by Emily Lazar. It was released in 2014; during the promotional tour, she walked off-stage in Seattle and canceled the rest of the tour.

Her fourth album, Karaoke, was released in 2017. It includes covers of songs from the 1980s and 1990s; the Leighs and Hunt participated, with sound engineer David Greenbaum. At this time she began going by "Lourdes".

In 2015, she made her acting debut with Carlos Troya in El beso, a crowd-funded short film directed by David Priego. In late 2022, she starred in Ramona, a Spanish comedy feature film.

In 2019, she composed and performed the music for a production by the Los Angeles dance group Ate9 titled a blind LAdy. After a long recording hiatus, she released the single "This is un volcán" in August 2023.

 Discography

 Albums
 I Love Your Glasses (2008)
 Fuerteventura (2011)
 Agent Cooper (2014)
 Karaoke (2017)

 Singles
 "They Don't Believe" (2008)
 "Cigarettes" (2008)
 "Perfect Time" (2008)
 "I Hate You But I Love You" (2011)
 "The Sun, The Trees" (2011)
 "Everyday Everynight" (2012)
 "My Love Is Gone" (2012)
 "Casper" (2014)
 "John Michael" (2014)
 "Michael P" (2014)
 "This is un volcán" (2023)

Awards
 Best debut album, Premios Pop-Eye 2008 (I Love Your Glasses'')
 MTV Europe Music Award for Best Spanish Act, 2011
  in silver, May 2, 2012, in recognition of her work

References

External links

Living people
Spanish women singer-songwriters
Spanish singer-songwriters
Women rock singers
Spanish folk musicians
Red, Russian
1985 births
21st-century Spanish women singers
21st-century Spanish singers
MTV Europe Music Award winners
English-language singers from Spain


Chaiturgarh or Lafagarh is a fort about  from Katghora tehsil, Korba district, Chhattisgarh, India, on the Korba–Bilaspur road. It is an Archaeological Survey of India protected monument. Chaiturgarh is one of the 36 forts of Chhattisgarh. Chaithurgarh is situated around  from Korba and  from Pali town.

Location
Chaiturgarh (also known as Lafagarh) is situated at a height of  on a hilltop. It is protected by strong natural walls and is considered as one of the strongest natural forts. Since it is protected by strong natural walls, only at some places walls have been built. The fort has three main entrances which are named as Menaka, Humkara, and Simhadwar.

On the hilltop there is a plain area of about  where there are five ponds. Three of these ponds have water all around the year. Many types of wild animals and birds are found here.

Architecture
The Mahishasur Mardini temple is situated here. The idol of Mahishasur Mardini having 12 hands is installed in the sanctum sanctorum. Shankar cave is situated  away from the temple. The cave which is like a tunnel, is  long. One can go inside the cave only by creeping since it is very small in diameter.

History

 Archeologists consider it as one of the strongest natural forts. A Descriptive List of Inscriptions in the Central Province and Berar – dated in Kalchuri Era 933 (1181-82 CE) gives a long genealogical list of the Kalchuri kings. It mentions that there was a king in the family of the Haihaya who has eighteen sons. One of them was Kalinga whose son Kamala ruled over Tummana. Kamala was succeeded by Ratnaraja I and later by Prithvideva I. Mughal emperor Akbar captured the fort in 1571 and Mughals ruled until 1628 CE. Chaiturgarh was constructed by Raja Prithvideva I.

References

Forts in Chhattisgarh
Korba district
10th-century establishments in India
Korba, Chhattisgarh
10th-century fortifications


Gerhard Hoffmann (6 November 1919 – 11 April 1945) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II, a fighter ace credited with 130 aerial victories—that is, 130 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—claimed in an unknown number of combat missions.

Born in Nieden, Hoffmann was trained as a fighter pilot and was posted to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) in 1942. Fighting on the Eastern Front, he claimed his first aerial victory on 26 October 1942 and his 100th aerial victory on March/April 1944. On 14 May 1944, Hoffmann was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. He then served as an instructor with Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe West, a supplementary fighter pilot training unit. On 10 April 1945, he was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 11. Staffel (11th squadron) of JG 52. The following day, Hoffmann was killed in a flight accident near Breslau.

Career
Hoffmann was born on 6 November 1919 in Nieden, present-day part of Ruciane-Nida in Poland, at the time in the Free State of Prussia of the Weimar Republic. Nicknamed "Fakken", he joined the military service of the Luftwaffe and following flight training in June 1942, was transferred to the 4. Staffel (4th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) on the Eastern Front. At the time, 4. Staffel was commanded by Oberleutnant Gerhard Barkhorn. The Staffel was subordinated to II. Gruppe (2nd group) headed by Hauptmann Johannes Steinhoff.

War against the Soviet Union
World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. Germany had launched Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. A year later, German forces launched Operation Fridericus II, the attack on Kupiansk, a preliminary operation to Case Blue, the strategic 1942 summer offensive in southern Russia. On 28 June, the 2nd and 4th Panzer Army began their advance towards the strategically important city of Voronezh on the Don river. The Battle of Voronezh marked the beginning of the German advance towards Stalingrad. By 21 September, II. Gruppe had made several relocations was then based at Maykop located in the North Caucasus. On 24 October, the Gruppe reached an airfield named Soldatskaja located approximately halfway between Mozdok and Pyatigorsk. Flying from this airfield, Hoffmann claimed his first aerial victory on 26 October when he shot down a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighter.

On 19 November, Soviet forces launched Operation Uranus which led to the encirclement of Axis forces in the vicinity of Stalingrad. To support the German forces fighting in Stalingrad, II. Gruppe was moved to an airfield at Morozovsk on 26 November. Here on 8 December, Hoffmann claimed two Curtiss P-40 Warhawk fighters shot down southwest of Bassargino, located approximately  east of Karpovka. On 30 December, the Gruppe was ordered to an airfield at Gigant, retreating from the advancing Soviet forces. There, the unit flew ground missions against the Soviet infantry as well as fighter escort missions for Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers. On 22 January 1943, II. Gruppe had to retreat further and moved to an airfield at Rostov-on-Don. Operating from Rostov, Hoffmann claimed an aerial victory of Lavochkin La-5 fighter on 25 January.

Kuban bridgehead

The Gruppe was moved to the combat area of the Kuban bridgehead on 10 February 1943 where it was initially based at an airfield at Slavyansk-na-Kubani. Due to whether conditions, II. Gruppe then moved to Kerch on 16 February. There, Hoffmann claimed a Polikarpov R-5 shot down on 28 February. On 3 March, he was credited with destruction of a Yakovlev Yak-1 fighter followed by a LaGG-3 fighter on two days later. On 13 March, the Gruppe moved to Anapa located on the northern coast of the Black Sea near the Sea of Azov and was fighting in the Battle of the Caucasus. According to Barbas, Hoffmann had increased his total number of aerial victories claimed to sixteen by the end of April 1943. While authors Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, as well as authors Mathews and Foreman, list him with a total of 15 aerial victories in that timeframe. The discrepancies stem from aerial combat on 20 April. According to Barbas, Hoffmann shot down two Yak-1 fighters and a LaGG-3 fighter. The other authors list him with just two victories claimed that day, one Yak-1 fighter and one LaGG-3 fighter. By end of June, depending on source, his number of aerial victories increased to 26 or 25 respectively.

On 5 July, elements of II. Gruppe left the Anapa airfield and moved to an airfield at Gostagaevskaya located approximately  northeast Anapa, and to Yevpatoriya on 12 July while the bulk of the Gruppe remained in Anapa. On 1 August 1943, Oberleutnant Heinrich Sturm succeeded Barkhorn as commander of 4. Staffel while Barkhorn was given command of II. Gruppe of JG 52. Again depending on source, Hoffmann increased his aerial victories to either 31 or to 30 by the end of August. On 27 August, II. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Bolschaya Rudka located approximately  north-northwest of Poltava. Here, the Gruppe fought at Izium and Kharkov, providing fighter escort for Ju 87 dive bombers, Junkers Ju 88 and Heinkel He 111 bombers, and Henschel Hs 129 ground-attack aircraft. On 1 September, the Gruppe was ordered to Karlivka, approximately  east-southeast of Poltava, where they stayed until 10 September, moving to an airfield north of Poltava. On 18 September, II. Gruppe moved again, then operating from an airfield south of Kiev. In September, Hoffmann's number of aerial victories stood at 43 claimed. On 25 September 1943, Hoffmann was shot down in aerial combat in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 20127—factory number)  west of Pereiaslav. He was wounded, grounding him for some time.

Crimea

During his convalescence period, Hoffmann was awarded the German Cross in Gold () on 12 December. He then returned to 4. Staffel of JG 52 and claimed his 43rd/44th—depening on source—aerial victory on 7 February 1944 over a Bell P-39 Airacobra fighter aircraft near Kerch. According to Obermaier, he claimed his 100th aerial victory on 16 March 1944 over the Crimea, which would make him the 65th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark. According to Barbas, as well as Mathews and Foreman, Hoffmann claimed his 100th aerial victory on 22 April 1944. On 8 April, Soviet forces had launched the Crimean offensive, forcing the Germans to evacuate the Crimea. On the first day of the operation, Hoffmann became an "ace-in-a-day" for the first time, claiming four Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft and a Yak-1 fighter. The following day, he again claimed five aerial victories, making him and "ace-in-day" for the second time. On 17 and 18 April, Hoffmann claimed five and six aerial victories near Sevastopol, making him a four-time "ace-in-day". On 4 May 1944, 15 Bf 109s from II. Gruppe intercepted 24 Il-2 ground-attack aircraft from 8 GShAP (8th Guards Ground-attack Aviation Regiment) and 47 GShAP (47th Ground-attack Aviation Regiment), escorted by 23 fighter aircraft, over the Black Sea. In this encounter, pilots from II. Gruppe claimed six aerial victories, including two Il-2s by Hoffmann, without sustaining any losses. However, Soviet records only document the loss of three Il-2s and one Yakovlev Yak-9 fighter.

He once more became an "ace-in-day" on 7 May, taking his total to 121 aerial victories claimed, making him a five-time "ace-in-day". For these achievements, Hoffmann was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross () on 14 May 1944 for 125 aerial victories claimed. While 4. Staffel was withdrawn from the Eastern Front and subordinated to Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing) fighting on the Western Front, Hoffmann was transferred to the Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe West, a supplementary fighter pilot training unit, in May 1944. There, he served as a fighter pilot instructor and was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant).

Squadron leader and death
Hoffmann was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of the 4. Staffel of Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader 1 (EJG 1—1st Supplementary Fighter Wing), a Luftwaffe replacement training unit, on 1 November 1944. According to Obermaier, he claimed four aerial victories in March 1945 at the Oder while serving with EJG 1. Mathews and Foreman only list two aerial victories over Yakovlev Yak-3 fighters claimed on 8 March. In March/April 1945, EJG 1 was disbanded and its pilots were assigned to other Jagdgeschwader.

On 10 April, Hoffmann was made Staffelkapitän of the 11. Staffel of JG 52. He succeeded Oberleutnant Ludwig Neuböck who was transferred. The Staffel was subordinated to III. Gruppe of JG 52 and was headed by Major Adolf Borchers. The Gruppe had been based at Schweidnitz, present-day Świdnica in south-western Poland, since 16 March 1945. Hoffmann claimed his only aerial victory with 11. Staffel on 10 April when he shot down a P-39 fighter. The following day, he shuttled Bf 109 G-14 (Werknummer 785937) to Breslau, present-day Wrocław in southwestern Poland. On that flight, he collided with his wingman, Unteroffizier Richard Geiger, both pilots died in the accident.

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims
According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Hoffmann was credited with 130 aerial victories. Obermaier also lists Hoffmann with 130 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number of combat missions. He was also credited with the destruction of 128 vehicles of all types flying ground support missions. According to Spick, his total of aerial victories was 125 all of which claimed on the Eastern Front. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 130 aerial victory claims recorded on the Eastern Front.

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 43661". The Luftwaffe grid map () covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about . These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area  in size.

Awards
 German Cross in Gold on 12 December 1943 as Feldwebel in the 4./Jagdgeschwader 52
 Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 28 February 1944 as Feldwebel and pilot
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 14 May 1944 as pilot and Fahnenjunker-Feldwebel in the 4./Jagdgeschwader 52

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

1919 births
1945 deaths
Accidental deaths in Nazi Germany
People from Ruciane-Nida
Military personnel from East Prussia
Luftwaffe pilots
German World War II flying aces
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Luftwaffe personnel killed in World War II


Behind the Green Door: the Sequel is a 1986 American pornographic film and the sequel to Behind the Green Door. It was produced by the Mitchell brothers and starred Missy Manners. It had a "safe sex" theme as a response to the AIDS crisis. Hence, all sexual contact between performers featured the use of condoms, dental dams and medical exam gloves.

Cast
 Missy Manners ... Gloria
 James Martin ... Barry
 Lulu Reed ... Flight Attendant / Maenad
 Marie ... Flight Attendant / Maenad
 Fallon ... Flight Attendant / Maenad
 Candi ... Flight Attendant / Maenad
 Friday Jones ... Co-pilot / Maenad
 Aubec Kane ... Pilot / Herm 1
 Andrew Young ... Captain / Pan
 Ja Kinncaide ... Trapeze 2
 Lane Ross ... Trapeze 3
 Tony Cargo ... Herm 2
 Brock Roland ... Club / Apartment Doorman
 Squirt ... Club Host
 Claudine Wims ... Waitress
 D.W. Wachnight ... Bartender
 Sharon McNight ... Wanda / Club Singer
 Pepper ... Woman with Dog
 Bobby Mack ... Limo Driver
 Wallace Barry ... Notetaker
 Yank Levine ... Barry's Friend
 Ron James ... Naked Man with Water
 Jeff Larson ... Lorry Driver
 Erica Idol ... Bride / Airport
 Tau Stephenson ... Groom / Airport
 Rita Ricardo ... Lady in Red Gown
 Noel Juar ... Tattooed Lady
 Wednesday Will ... Slow Dancer 1
 Sixten Bjorline ... Slow Dancer 2
 Jackie ... Lady in Leopard Costume
 Susie Bright ... Club Patron
 Lola Carter ... Airline Passenger
 Jane Castellon ... Airline Passenger
 Danny Daniels
 Rocky Gieger ... Airline Passenger
 Debi Sundahl ... Club Patron
 Jack Wrangler
 Marilyn Chambers ... Gloria Saunders (archive footage, uncredited)

Production
Missy Manners, née Elisa Florez was formerly a United States Senate Page, receptionist for Utah Republican Senator Orrin Hatch, and daughter of the Undersecretary of Education during the administration of George H. W. Bush.

Though Manners was in a relationship with producer Artie Mitchell, she maintains that she auditioned for the lead role in the film, a claim which many who were significantly involved in the project disputed. Her links to Republican party officials were emphasized in publicity for the film in much the same fashion as her predecessor, Marilyn Chambers, having modeled for Ivory Snow.

Reception
Behind the Green Door: The Sequel was a critical and commercial disaster; Jim and Artie Mitchell ended up losing hundreds of thousands of dollars in that venture.

References

External links

1986 films
1980s pornographic films
Interracial pornographic films
American pornographic films
1980s English-language films
1980s American films


Milonice may refer to places:

Czech Republic
Milonice (Blansko District), a municipality and village in the South Moravian Region
Milonice (Vyškov District), a municipality and village in the South Moravian Region

Poland
Miłonice, a village in Łódź Voivodeship


Washington Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Evansville, Indiana.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The district, bounded roughly by Madison and Grand Avenues and East Gum and Parrett Streets, sprang up in the late 19th century, during an economic boom when the city's population went from 29,200 in 1880 to more than 59,000 by 1900.

When the neighborhood was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, local preservationists cited the district's “important collection of late-Victorian frame houses” – grand styles, from Gothic Revival to French Second Empire, designed by the city's leading architects for some of its leading citizens. Among those who built stately homes on Washington Avenue were Max deJong, an importer and fine clothing retailer; Antonio Sierra, superintendent of the Fendrich Cigar Company; and William Akin Jr., a well-to-do meatpacker who later became mayor of Evansville.

The Washington Avenue district – where 23 percent of the houses have been demolished in the last quarter-century – never attracted the investment that other districts in the city have. Local and state preservation experts fear the demolition of structures in the Washington Avenue district along with the accelerating decline of what remains could jeopardize the area's status on the National Register of Historic Places.

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Queen Anne architecture in Indiana
Italianate architecture in Indiana
Geography of Evansville, Indiana
Historic districts in Evansville, Indiana
National Register of Historic Places in Evansville, Indiana


Beijiao Railway Station (), is an elevated station of Guangzhou-Zhuhai Intercity Railway.

The station is located at Taocun Village (), Beijiao Town in Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, China, the west of Bigui Lu () and the east of Sanle Lu (). It is away from Beijiao Town Centre with few road infrastructure facilities nearby. Roads will be constructed to connect to the station to cope with the needs of the neighbouring Panyu District. It started operations on 7 January 2011.

References

Shunde District
Railway stations in China opened in 2011


The Bristol Type 148 was a two-seat, single-engine low-wing monoplane built in 1937 to an Air Ministry specification for an army cooperation aircraft. It lost in the competition to the Westland Lysander and did not progress past the two prototypes that were built.

Development
The Bristol 148 was built by Bristol to an Air Ministry order for two prototypes of an army cooperation aircraft meeting Air Ministry specification A.39/34. The successful aircraft was to replace the Hawker Audax and Hector in a wide range of tasks. By 1935 Bristol had gained experience in the design of cantilever low-wing monoplanes powered by radial engines with the Types 133 and 146, and the Type 148 followed this layout, but had seating for two.

The stressed-skin wings were of constant chord with rounded tips, and the fuselage was entirely of monocoque construction. The horizontal tail was set at the top of the fuselage and carried horn-balanced elevators; the rudder was large and pointed. All flying surfaces were fabric-covered. The wing also carried split flaps and connected wingtip slots to improve handling at the low speeds required by the specification. The wide-track main undercarriage retracted inwards into the centre-section but the tailwheel was fixed and spatted. The pilot and observer/gunner/bomb aimer sat in tandem cockpits under a continuous canopy, the rear part of which was modified when the .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis Gun mounting was changed from Scarff ring to a pillar type. The observer could also access a prone aiming position on the floor to drop bombs from the external racks. Two .303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns were mounted in the port wing.

The intended engine for the Type 148 was the Bristol Perseus, but the aircraft made its first flight on 15 October 1937 with a Mercury IX. It was re-engined with a Perseus XII after a landing accident during comparative trials with the Westland Lysander. Both aircraft met the specification, including the demanding low-speed requirements but the visibility offered by the Lysander's high wing and the security of its fixed undercarriage made it the competition winner. The second prototype, labelled the Type 148B flew in May 1938, powered by a Bristol Taurus II engine and the two machines were used to compare and evaluate the two engine types.

Specifications (Type 148B)

References

Notes

Bibliography

1930s British military utility aircraft
Type 148


Wilfred Waters (4 January 1923 –1 April 2006), or sometimes referred to as Wilfrid Waters, was a British racing cyclist, one of the top British riders in the 1940s. A member of the South London RC, he competed at many national track events including the Grand Prix of the City of Manchester, where he rode against Reg Harris amongst others. There he also paired up with R Waters to finish third in the madison. Based on his successes, Waters was selected to compete at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

Waters won the bronze medal as a member of the British team pursuit squad at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Other team pursuit squad members were Robert Geldard, Tommy Godwin and David Ricketts.

In 1950, Waters became the 880 yards Scottish Grass Track Champion.

Waters died in early 2006 at the age of 83 in Surrey, England.

Palmarès

1948
3rd Team pursuit, 1948 Summer Olympics

1950
1st 880 yards, Scottish National Grass Track Championships

References

External links

1923 births
2006 deaths
Cyclists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
English male cyclists
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medallists for Great Britain
Olympic cyclists for Great Britain
Olympic medalists in cycling
Sportspeople from Wandsworth
Cyclists from Greater London


James Theirs Harrison Lovie (born 19 September 1932) is a Scottish former footballer, who played as a left winger. Lovie began his career in the early 1950s with Dundee United before moving back to hometown club Peterhead, where he had begun his youth career. In 1957, Lovie headed south to join Bury, moving on to Bournemouth and Chesterfield before finishing his career in the lower leagues.

References

External links

1932 births
Sportspeople from Peterhead
Living people
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Dundee United F.C. players
Peterhead F.C. players
Bury F.C. players
AFC Bournemouth players
Chesterfield F.C. players
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Aberdeenshire


Buchonomyia is the only extant genus of the subfamily Buchonomyiinae of the non-biting midge family Chironomidae. There are three known extant species and one fossil species in the genus: Members of the genus are parasitic of psychomyiid caddisflies.
Buchonomyia thienemanni Fittkau, 1955
Buchonomyia burmanica Brundin and Sæther, 1978
Buchonomyia brundini Andersen and Sæther, 1995
†Buchonomyia succinea Seredszus and Wichard 2003 (Eocene, Baltic amber)

In addition, two extinct genera belonging to Buchonomyiinae are known:

 †Dungeyella Jarzembowski et al. 2008 (Barremian, Wessex Formation)
 †Furcobuchonomyia  Baranov et al. 2017 (Cenomanian, Burmese amber)

References

Chironomidae


An exon junction complex (EJC) is a protein complex which forms on a pre-messenger RNA strand at the junction of two exons which have been joined together during RNA splicing.  The EJC has major influences on translation, surveillance, localization of the spliced mRNA, and  m6A methylation.   It is first deposited onto mRNA during splicing and is then transported into the cytoplasm. There it plays a major role in post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA. It is believed that exon junction complexes provide a position-specific memory of the splicing event. The EJC consists of a stable heterotetramer core, which serves as a binding platform for other factors necessary for the mRNA pathway. The core of the EJC contains the protein eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-III (eIF4A-III; a DEAD-box RNA helicase) bound to an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analog, as well as the additional proteins Magoh and Y14. The binding of these proteins to nuclear speckled domains has been measured recently and it may be regulated by PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. In order for the binding of the complex to the mRNA to occur, the eIF4AIII factor is inhibited, stopping the hydrolysis of ATP. This recognizes EJC as an ATP dependent complex. EJC also interacts with a large number of additional proteins; most notably SR proteins. These interactions are suggested to be important for mRNA compaction. The role of EJC in mRNA export is controversial.

Protein components

The EJC is made up of several key protein components: RNPS1, Y14, SRm160, Aly/REF and Magoh, among others. RNPS1 can function as a coactivator of splicing, but along with Y14, it also takes part in the process of nonsense-mediated decay in eukaryotes. SRm160 is another coactivator that has been proposed to enhance mRNA 3’ end processing. The protein component Magoh is thought to facilitate the subcytoplasmic localization of mRNAs while Aly is engaged in nuclear mRNA export. Aly is believed to be recruited to the exon junction complex by the protein UAP56. UAP56 is recognized as an RNA helicase but acts as a splicing factor required for early spliceosome assembly. Another factor involved in the EJC pathway is DEK. This component is known to take part in a variety of functions ranging from splicing to transcriptional regulation and chromatin structure.

Structure

The crystallization of the exon junction complex has revealed the structural organization of its protein components. The core of the complex is elongated with an overall dimension of 99Å by 67Å by 54Å. It is organized around the eIF4AIII factor. The factor itself consists of two different types of conformations around the mRNA: closed and open. In a closed state, the two domains of eIF4AIII form composite binding sites for the 5'-adenylyl-β,γ-imidodiphosphate (ADPNP) and mRNA. In the open conformation, the two domains are rotated by 160 degrees relative to closed state18. The protein components Magoh and Y14 bind together to form a heterodimer located at the 5’ pole of the EJC. Magoh binds to an eIF4AIII domain through interactions between residues from its two C-terminal helices and one end of a large β-sheet. Conserved residues in the linker between the two eIF4AIII domains form salt bridges or hydrogen bonds with specific residues in Magoh. Other bonding occurs between the second loop of the Magoh β–sheet and the two eIF4AIII domains and their linker. There is only a single partial bond formed between Y14 and eIF4AIII. This consists of a salt bridge between the conserved residues Y14 Arg108 and eIF4AIII Asp401. If mutations were to occur to both of these residues, association of Magoh-Y14 with EJC would be non-existent.

Mechanism

During the second step of splicing in eukaryotic cells, the EJC is deposited approximately 20-24 nucleotides from the 5’ end upstream of the splice junction (where two exons are joined), when the lariat has formed and the exons are ligated together. The binding of the EJC to the mRNA occurs in a sequence independent manner, to form the mature messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP). The EJC remains stably bound to this mRNP as it is exported out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. Protein components are either bound to or released by the EJC as it is transported. In order for the translocation of mRNAs through the nuclear pore complex to occur, a heterodimer consisting of NXF1/TAP and NXT1/p15 must bind to the transcripts. NXF1/TAP is a major receptor for the export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. This is because it interacts with both RNA-binding adapter proteins and components of the nuclear pore complex.

Recognition of a premature termination codon occurs during translation in the cytoplasm. The image shown below implies that this event is nuclear, contrary to the general view in this field. Readers should be aware that translation in the nucleus is a highly controversial subject that is not well-supported by data.

In nonsense mediated decay

Exon junction complexes play a major role in mRNA surveillance. More specifically, they are found in the nonsense mediated decay pathway (NMD), wherein mRNA transcripts with premature stop codons are degraded. In normal mRNA translation, the ribosome binds to the transcript and begins amino acid chain elongation. It continues on until it reaches the location of the exon junction complex, which it then displaces. Next, translation is complete when the ribosome reaches a termination codon. In NMD, the mRNA transcript contains a premature termination codon (PTC) due to a nonsense mutation. If this codon occurs prior to the EJC site, the EJC will remain bound, triggering mRNA decay. The EJC and its position serve as a type of regulator, determining whether the transcript is defective or not.

EJCs are also known to take part in NMD in another way; the recruitment of the surveillance factors UPF1, UPF2 and UPF3. These proteins are the most important components of the NMD mechanism. The EJC protein MAGOH, Y14 and eIF4AIII provide a binding for UPF3, which acts as a bridge between UPF2 and UPF1 forming a trimeric complex.
Within this complex, UPF2 and UPF3 act cooperatively to promote ATPase and RNA helicase of UPF1. The EJC core stably anchors the UPF complex to the mRNA, and aids in regulation of essential UPF1 protein. Ribosomes which are stalled on a PTC recruit UPF1 through interactions with the release factor eRF1 and eRF3. Along with the protein SMG1, eRF1, eRF3 and UPF1 form the complex SURF. This complex forms a bridge between the ribosome and the downstream EJC which is associated with UPF3 and UPF2. This interaction triggers the phosphorylation of UPF1 by SMG1, causing the dissociation of eRF1 and eRF3. The complex produced consists of EJC, UPF3, UPF2, phosphorylated UPF1 and SMG1 and in turn triggers degradation of the mRNA.

Notes and references

RNA
Spliceosome


Keith Bannister (13 November 1930 – August 2016) was an English professional footballer who made 64 appearances in the Football League representing Birmingham City, Wrexham, Chesterfield and Norwich City. He played as a wing half.

Life and career
Bannister was born in Sheffield. He was capped at youth level by England, played as a junior with Sheffield United and turned professional in 1948, but never played for the club in the Football League. He joined Birmingham City in August 1950, but National Service obligations delayed his debut until 29 November 1952, when he deputised for club captain Len Boyd in a home game against Nottingham Forest which Birmingham lost 5–0. He had a run of games in the second half of the season replacing the injured Roy Warhurst, and a few more at the start of the 1953–54 season, but was unable to dislodge either player from the starting eleven.

In August 1954 Bannister left for King's Lynn of the Midland League. After one season he returned to the Football League with Wrexham, six months later moved to Chesterfield, and after a further six months signed for Norwich City, but he was unable to establish himself as a first-team player. In the 1957 close season he dropped back into non-League football with Peterborough United, for whom he played one Midland League and one FA Cup match, and went on to play for King's Lynn, Worksop Town, and Matlock Town. In the 1959–60 season, Bannister, by now playing as a centre-half, captained Matlock through four rounds of qualifying to reach the first round proper of the FA Cup for the first time in the club's history, and contributed to their championship of the Central Alliance League, Division One North.

Bannister died in Gloucestershire in August 2016 at the age of 85.

References

1930 births
2016 deaths
Footballers from Sheffield
English men's footballers
Men's association football wing halves
Birmingham City F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
King's Lynn F.C. players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
Norwich City F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C. players
Worksop Town F.C. players
Matlock Town F.C. players
English Football League players


Léon-Charles Clément (February 12, 1814 – August 27, 1882) was a notary, land owner and political figure in Quebec. He represented Charlevoix in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to 1871 as a Conservative.

He was born in Saint-Louis-de-Terrebonne, Lower Canada, the son of Léon Clément and Élisabeth Frambs.  Clément qualified as a notary in 1839 and set up practice in Les Éboulements. In 1843, he married Joséphine-Éléonore d'Estimauville, the widow of Louis-Paschal-Achille Taché. He served as lieutenant-colonel in the militia. Clément served as mayor for Les Éboulements from 1859 to 1873, when he resigned after being named an immigration and colonization agent for the province, and then again from 1878 to 1881. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Charlevoix in the legislative assembly for the Province of Canada in 1857 and 1861. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1871. Clément died at Les Éboulements at the age of 68.

References

Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs
Mayors of places in Quebec
1814 births
1882 deaths
People from Terrebonne, Quebec


Bernie Kelly (21 October 1932 – 8 October 2004) was a Scottish footballer.

In the British Isles he played for Raith Rovers, Leicester City, Nottingham Forest, Aberdeen, Raith Rovers, Cowdenbeath and Vale of Leithen.

In May 1963 he arrived in Sydney, Australia to play for Gladesville-Ryde in the state league of New South Wales. In 1965 he became coach of Cumberland United, a side created  through the amalgamation of Gladeville-Ryde and Auburn.

References

1932 births
2004 deaths
Scottish men's footballers
Aberdeen F.C. players
Cowdenbeath F.C. players
Leicester City F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Raith Rovers F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Footballers from North Lanarkshire
Scottish Football League representative players
Men's association football inside forwards
Scotland men's B international footballers
Muirkirk Juniors F.C. players
Scottish Junior Football Association players


Nelly Sindayen (April 7, 1949 – April 4, 2009) was a Filipino journalist. She was best known for her longtime association with Time magazine as a correspondent based in Manila.

Life
Nelly Sindayen was born in Siasi, Sulu to a Christian father and a Muslim mother She earned a journalism degree at the University of Santo Tomas and worked for the Manila Bulletin and various news agencies before joining Time magazine in the mid-1970s. Sindayen would remain at Time until 2007, when illness disabled her from returning to work.

While at Time, Sindayen scored a notable scoop in 1983 concerning the supposed kidnapping of Tommy Manotoc, future son-in-law of President Ferdinand Marcos. Sindayen reported for Time that Manotoc had in fact gone to the Dominican Republic to obtain a quick divorce, then headed to the United States to secretly marry Marcos's eldest daughter, Imee. Sindayen also reported on the controversies that hounded President Joseph Estrada, and narrated an eye-witness account on an aborted coup plot against President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in February 2006.

Death
Nelly Sindayen suffered a severe diabetic stroke in June 2007 and died from lingering complications on April 4, 2009, three days before her 60th birthday.

References

Deaths from diabetes
Filipino journalists
People from Sulu
University of Santo Tomas alumni
Time (magazine) people
1949 births
2009 deaths
Filipino Muslims
20th-century journalists


Morka was an inland town of ancient Pamphylia inhabited during Byzantine times.

Its site is tentatively located near Yeşilkaraman, in Asiatic Turkey.

References

Populated places in ancient Pamphylia
Former populated places in Turkey
Populated places of the Byzantine Empire
History of Antalya Province


Discotic liquid crystals are mesophases formed from disc-shaped molecules known as "discotic mesogens". These phases are often also referred to as columnar phases.  Discotic mesogens are typically composed of an aromatic core surrounded by flexible alkyl chains. The aromatic cores allow charge transfer in the stacking direction through the π conjugate systems. The charge transfer allows the discotic liquid crystals to be electrically semiconductive along the stacking direction.  Applications have been focusing on using these systems in photovoltaic devices, organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and molecular wires. Discotics have also been suggested for use in compensation films, for LCD displays.

Photovoltaic devices
Discotic liquid crystals have similar potential to the conducting polymers for their use in photovoltaic cells, they have the same technical challenges of low conductivity and sensitivity to UV damage as the polymer designs. However one advantage is the self-healing properties of the discotic mesogens. So far the photovoltaic applications have been limited, using a perylene and hexabenzocoronene mesogens in a simple two layer systems has only resulted in ~2% power efficiency.

Organic light emitting diodes
So far the study into discotic liquid crystals for light emitting diodes are still in its infancy, but there have been some examples produced; a triphenylene and perylene-mesogen combination can be used to make a red LED. The self-assembly properties make them more desirable for manufacturing purposes when producing commercial electronics, than the currently used small molecule crystals in Sony’s new OLED displays. Also they have the added benefit of the self-healing properties that both the small molecule and the polymers lack as conductors, potentially being beneficial for longevity OLED products.

References

Solar energy
Liquid crystals


Chris Aberdein (born 23 January 1963) is a South African racing driver who competed in the South African Touring Car Championship for Audi in the late 1990s, finishing runner-up in 1996 to teammate Terry Moss, and picking up 7 wins and 12 podiums on the way. Over the course of his career in the sport, Aberdein won almost 10% of races that he entered.

Aberdein's son Jonathan is also a racing driver, who currently competes in the DTM.

References

Living people
South African racing drivers
1963 births
Place of birth missing (living people)


Mostow may refer to:

People

 George Mostow (1923–2017), American mathematician
 Mostow rigidity theorem
 Jonathan Mostow (born 1961), American movie and television director

Places

 Mostów, a village in Poland


Raymond Moore and Andrew Pattison won in the final 6–4, 5–7, 6–4 against Bob Hewitt and Frew McMillan.

Seeds

 Bob Hewitt /  Frew McMillan (final)
 Iván Molina /  Jairo Velasco, Sr. (first round)
 Vitas Gerulaitis /  Tom Gorman (quarterfinals)
 Raymond Moore /  Andrew Pattison (champions)

Draw

External links
 1974 Stadthalle Open Doubles draw

Doubles


LVL (stylized as lvl) is both the solo music project and personal moniker for New York City musician Dan . Formerly called Level, he changed his stage name to avoid confusion with others with the same name. His musical output ranges from fast-paced industrial metal to mellow electronica.  is the younger brother of musician Klayton.

History

Early years

Dan  first appeared in the late 1980s as a member of Immortal, a New York thrash metal band fronted by Klayton. Immortal broke up and Klayton went on to found Circle of Dust, an industrial metal band that gained a strong cult following throughout the 1990s. In 1995 Albert performed as part of Argyle Park, another of Klayton's bands, for their first and only live show.  appeared on the Circle of Dust album Disengage in 1998 with two remixes credited to his name.

Flaming Fish Music years, 1997–2004

In 1997  signed to Flaming Fish Music and released his first song on a compilation, followed two years later by the debut full length album Devil's Advocate, which was composed of songs  had written from 1992 to 1996. The album has been described as mixing drum'n'bass, trance, and industrial metal. Only 1,000 copies of the album were pressed and it is now out of print. There were plans to send purchasers of Devil's Advocate a limited edition EP consisting of remixes and outtakes, but this fell through and only one remix of the song "She:Backslide", done by Klayton, ever surfaced.

While releasing Devil's Advocate,  also took part in the resurrection of Argyle Park, called AP2. Level was the primary songwriter on the reformed band's only album, Suspension of Disbelief, which was released in 2000. Two years later, Level worked on the fourth Criss Angel album, the soundtrack to Mindfreak, remixing material from the preceding Criss Angel Trilogy that had been written by Klayton while also contributing four of his own compositions.

Level's second solo album, Denial, was released by Flaming Fish in 2003 and almost entirely lacked the driving guitars of the debut album, featuring instead lush, moody synths and electronics; "the new album is mellow, although the tempos are up". Buka of Argyle Park contributed lyrics and vocals to the song "What Free Is". Denial was long delayed in being released, with six of the ten songs eventually being put online as mp3s to sate fans before the full album finally went on sale. Denial is also now out of print.

In 2004,  produced and performed programming on fellow New York artist Breather's Slowly Sinking EP for Flaming Fish Music. He also announced and took pre-orders for a retrospective release called Re:issue that would include both remasters and re-recordings of a selection of songs from Devil's Advocate and Denial, the Klayton remix of "She:Backslide", and some new material.

FiXT Music, 2005–present

Flaming Fish Music settled into dormancy and little was heard of lvl until 2006 when he was signed to Klayton's new label, FiXT Music. This is when  officially changed the name of his band from Level to lvl. He explained his absence since 2003's Denial and announced that he was working on new material in addition to the Re:issue project. However, apart from a handful of new demos, only one minor release has since been issued, that being a remix single of the song "Home" from the Denial album. Various financial and hardware problems, including a hard drive failure that deleted an album's worth of songs, have prevented lvl from moving forward with his new album work and Re:Issue seems to have been indefinitely delayed.

FiXT announced on August 21, 2017 that Devil's Advocate and Denial will be remastered and re-released, with several bonus tracks.

Levler has since left music behind and entered the world of labor unions and serves as president of New York State's largest independent labor union, Suffolk County Association of Municipal Employees.

Discography
 Devil's Advocate (1999, Flaming Fish Music)
 Suspension of Disbelief (2000 Tooth & Nail Records; as part of AP2)
 Denial (2003, Flaming Fish Music)
 Home Re:mix (2007, Fixt)
 Devil's Advocate (Remastered) (2017, FiXT)
 Denial (Remastered) (2017, FiXT)

Compilation appearances
 Christmas in Heaven (1996, Flying Tart) – "Christmas Wishes" (as part of Backwoods)
 Lethal Injection (1997, Flaming Fish Music) – "What If?"
 "She:Backslide (Klay Scott Revision)" – unofficially leaked online in 1999/2000
 Automata 3.0 (2001, Flaming Fish Music) – "Restore (Demo)"
 Automata 5.0 (2003, Flaming Fish Music) – "Home (Blind Master)"
 Automata 7.0 (2007, Flaming Fish Music) – "Reaching Out"
 FiXT Music Comp 2008 (2008, FiXT) – "Home (Celldweller Remix)"

Remixes contributed
 Circle of Dust – "Levler 1 (Easier to Hate)" and "Levler 2 (Alone to Die)" on Disengage, 1998
 Klank – "Dark India Mix" on Numb, 1999
 Celldweller – "Symbiont (End Title Remix by Level)" on Symbiont Remixes, 2000
 Blue Stahli – "Metamorphosis - lvl Remix" on Metamorphosis (lvl Remix), 2017

Other appearances
 Criss Angel – Mindfreak (2002 soundtrack, Apitrag) – remixing, contributed four new songs
 Breather – Slowly Sinking EP (2004, Flaming Fish Music) – production and programming

References

External links
 Official lvl site , no new updates since 2006, defunct since 2014.
 lvl's page at Fixt

American Christian rock groups
Electronic music groups from New York (state)
American industrial metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1996


Tanypodinae is a subfamily of midges in the non-biting midge family (Chironomidae). The larvae are generally carnivorous and their mouthparts are adapted for predation on small invertebrates (including other chironomid larvae) although 1st and 2nd instar larvae also feed on algae.

Tribes & genera
Tribe Anatopyniini
Anatopynia Johannsen, 1905
Tribe Clinotanypodini
Coelotanypus Kieffer, 1913
Clinotanypus Kieffer, 1913
Tribe Macropelopiini
Apsectrotanypus Fittkau, 1962
Macropelopia Thienemann, 1916
Psectrotanypus Kieffer, 1909
Tribe Natarsiini
Natarsia Fittkau, 1962
Tribe Pentaneurini
Ablabesmyia Johannsen, 1905
Arctopelopia Fittkau, 1962
Coffmania Hazra & Chaudhuri, 2000
Conchapelopia Fittkau, 1957
Guttipelopia Fittkau, 1962
Hayesomyia Murray & Fittkau, 1985
Helopelopia Roback, 1971
Hudsonimyia Roback, 1979
Krenopelopia Fittkau, 1962
Labrundinia Fittkau, 1962
Larsia Fittkau, 1962
Monopelopia Fittkau, 1962
Nilotanypus Kieffer, 1923
Paramerina Fittkau, 1962
Pentaneura Philippi, 1865
Rheopelopia Fittkau, 1962
Schineriella Murray & Fittkau, 1988
Telmatopelopia Fittkau, 1962
Thienemannimyia Fittkau, 1957
Trissopelopia Kieffer, 1923
Xenopelopia Fittkau, 1962
Zavrelimyia Fittkau, 1962
Tribe Procladiini
Procladius Skuse, 1889
Tribe Tanypodini
Tanypus Meigen, 1803

References


Guttipelopia is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Species
G. currani Beck & Beck, 1966
G. guttipennis (Wulp, 1874)
G. rosenbergi Bilyj, 1984

References

Tanypodinae
Diptera of Europe


Krenopelopia is a Holarctic genus of the subfamily Tanypodinae of the non-biting midge family Chironomidae.

Species

Krenopelopia alba Tokunaga, 1937
Krenopelopia amaminova Sasa, 1991
Krenopelopia binotata (Wiedemann, 1817)
Krenopelopia hudsoni Roback, 1983
Krenopelopia narda Roback, 1971
Krenopelopia nigropunctata (Sæther, 1839)
Krenopelopia yunouresia Sasa, 1989

Tanypodinae


Robert John Maitland (31 March 1924 – 26 August 2010) was a British racing cyclist. He won national championships in Britain, tackled long-distance records, was the best-placed British rider in the 1948 Olympic road race, and rode for Britain in the Tour de France. His career coincided with a civil war within British cycling as two organisations, the National Cyclists Union and the British League of Racing Cyclists, fought for the future of road racing.

Early career
Maitland was born in Birmingham and developed an interest in cycle-racing in his teens. He collected autographs from pre-war riders such as Eddie Larkin and Charles Holland and sometimes cycled out to watch them ride time-trials, which were then the only cycle races held on the road. Spectating persuaded him to race. His first race was the Birmingham Time Trial Association 25-mile event. He finished in 1h 13m 22s, 10 minutes slower than the winner.  He won a junior race in Warwickshire, near Birmingham in 1939 and the following year joined the Solihull Cycling Club.He started racing seriously in 1941.

His first road race was over 30 miles near Nottingham in 1943, on a hilly course and in the rain. He gained 40 seconds on the field but another rider caught him with two of the 28 laps to go and he finished second.

Maitland was an engineer, a reserved occupation in Britain during the second world war. That meant he could continue racing, although with a reduced calendar of competitions and restrictions on travel. He rode club events but also set a national tandem record for 50 miles (80 km) with Dick Bowes. He rode his first massed-start event in 1943, finishing sixth after 30 miles (50 km).

Success
In 1944 and 1946 he came third in the NCU's national road championship, then won in 1948. That same year, Maitland won a silver medal as a member of the British road race team  at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Other members were Ian Scott and Gordon Thomas. Maitland finished third in the NCU's national road championship once more in 1949.

By 1952, Maitland had joined the British League of Racing Cyclists. He came second in its independent road championship in 1952 and the champion in 1953. But as a member of the BLRC and an independent or semi-professional, he was no longer eligible to compete at the Olympics.

In 1958, Maitland rode for his own cycling team, Maitland Cycles. Arthur Ilsley was also a member.

Olympic Games
The Olympic Games in 1948 were in London, the cycling road race held at Windsor. Maitland was best-placed of the British team. He said:

Maitland finished sixth and won a medal as member of the second team. He finished four seconds behind the winner, José Beyaert of France. The organisers of the Games reported:

[Gordon] Thomas (Great Britain) tried a breakaway on the penultimate lap, between Ascot and Blacknest Gates, and he was chased by L. Delathouiwer (Belgium). The pair held a 15 second lead as they climbed Breakheart Hill and finished the lap. But with five miles still to go, the group were gaining fast, and as they caught the leaders, all the riders eased in readiness for the sprint which seemed certain to decide the race. J. Beyaert made his first real effort at Ascot gate, but, led by J. Hoobin, the group regained contact. The decisive moment was not, however, to be in the final sprint at all. A short distance before the top of Breakheart Hill, and with over half a mile to go, Beyaert again sprinted into the lead and opened up a gap of at least eight lengths which was too much for any of his rivals, all of whom seemed more tired than the winner at the finish... Great Britain had two riders among the leading group, R. Maitland and G. Thomas, and C.S.I. Scott came in sixteenth to gain the second team award.

Tour de France
Maitland rode for Britain in the 1955 Tour de France - the race was then competed by national teams - in a team selected by cycling journalists because the civil war between the National Cyclists Union and the British League of Racing Cyclists made it impossible to leave the job to either. The team was a mixture of full professionals and riders like Maitland, who were independents. It was divided largely between those who normally rode for the Hercules professional team and others like Maitland who rode for the rival BSA. Sending them was not universally seen as a good idea. The journalist Ken Bowden write in Cycling: "We cannot send a team to the Tour unless we are willing to gamble heavily with men's reputations, our future in the race, and Britain's sporting prestige. Any rider we could send in 1955 could know more about the Tour than what he had read, heard, or imagined. It would fall far short of reality, for the Tour is unique in terrain, weather variation, racing technique and a hundred and one other things."

The writer, Tim Hilton, said: "None of the British cyclists had experienced one of the northern spring classics, so they had no idea that the Tour could be so much harder and faster than the races they had known. The early stages were a shock. And then, between Roubaix and Namur, the British had the jolting first experience of the northern French and Belgian roads. One by one they left the race."

The team were numbers 31 to 40 - Dave Bedwell, Tony Hoar, Stan Jones, Fred Krebs, Maitland, Ken Mitchell, Bernard Pusey, Brian Robinson, Ian Steel and Bev Wood. Pusey went on stage two, Wood on stage three with Bedwell. Jones quit on stage seven, Steel on stage eight, Maitland on stage nine, and Krebs and Mitchell in the mountains on stage 11. Just two got to Paris: Robinson 29th at 1h 57m 10s and Hoar as lanterne rouge at 6h 6m 1s.

The author William Fotheringham wrote:

They were, says Maitland, not a happy team, more 'a lot of individuals put together, just a shambles.' Not all the squad would share his opinion, but it is clear that tensions arose from the fact that he and Cozens, a former star of the winter six-day track races, had been brought in from BSA, Hercules' bitter rivals in domestic racing. There were factions within the team: Maitland and Tony Hoar did not see eye to eye, nor did Brian Robinson and Syd Cozens, while Jones and Krebs just did not get on.

Veteran career
Maitland later became a member of the League of Veteran Racing Cyclists and a masters world champion at the 1989 UCI road world championships in the 65–69 category.

Assessment
The magazine, The Bicycle, said of him: "It is one thing to have a near-perfectly developed body, capable of the highest tests of human endurance, but the brain of that body must be tuned accordingly, able to dictate and control physical behaviour. And who can doubt that, so far as cycling is concerned, Bob Maitland, national mass start champion in 1949, is one of the shrewdest riders in the game?" He died on 26 August 2010 in Metz, France.

Palmarès

1944
3rd British National Road Race Championships (NCU)

1945
1st British National Hill Climb Championships

1946
3rd British National Road Race Championships (NCU)

1948
2nd Team road race, 1948 Summer Olympics
6th Individual road race, 1948 Summer Olympics
1st British National Road Race Championships (NCU)

1949
1st British National Hill Climb Championships
3rd British National Road Race Championships (NCU)

1952
2nd British National Road Race Championships (BLRC independent)
3rd overall Tour of Britain
3rd Stage 10, Tour of Britain, Newcastle
3rd Stage 14 Tour of Britain, London

1953
1st British National Road Race Championships (BLRC independent)

1954
3rd British National Road Race Championships (BLRC independent)

Notes

References

External links

Memories of Bob Maitland, Beacon Road Cycling Club

1924 births
2010 deaths
English male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Great Britain
Olympic silver medallists for Great Britain
Cyclists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
British cycling road race champions
Sportspeople from Birmingham, West Midlands
Olympic medalists in cycling
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics


Labrundinia is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Tanypodinae


Paramerina is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Tanypodinae


Monopelopia is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Tanypodinae


Larsia is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Species
L. atrocincta (Goetghebuer, 1942)
L. curticalcar (Kieffer, 1918)

References

Tanypodinae
Nematocera genera


Rheopelopia is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Tanypodinae


Telmatopelopia is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Tanypodinae


Sólrun Jákupsdóttir Løkke Rasmussen (born 22 November 1968) is the wife of the former Prime Minister of Denmark, Lars Løkke Rasmussen.

Early life and family
Rasmussen was born Sólrun Jákupsdóttir on 22 November 1968 in Tórshavn, Faroe Islands. She is the daughter of chief physician Jákup Petersen and lecturer Bergljót av Skarði. Her mother's parents were the Tjóðveldi politician Sigurð Joensen and the writer Sigrið av Skarði, who was the daughter of the Faroese folk educationist and poet Símun av Skarði.

Rasmussen moved from the Faroe Islands to Denmark to study medicine.  After her marriage to Lars Løkke Rasmussen and the birth of their children, Rasmussen ended her pre-medical training. Rasmussen and her husband have 3 children.

Career
From 1998 to 2005, Rasmussen was a city council member for Græsted-Gilleleje, representing the Venstre Party . Beginning in 2001, Rasmussen studied education at Zahles Seminarian, earning a Teaching Certification in 2005. Since 2005, Rasmussen has taught English, mathematics, physics and natural science  at the Royal Danish Theatre's Laeseskolen in Copenhagen.

Her husband assumed the position of Prime Minister on April 5, 2009. When he was elected, there was some controversy in the Danish media over Sólrun Løkke Rasmussen's proper title. Rasmussen was sometimes described as "Førstedame" (First Lady), rather than Statsministerfrue (Wife of the Prime Minister), although Queen Margrethe II as head of state was considered Denmark's official first lady.

In 2009, Rasmussen returned to politics and was elected to a council seat in Gribskov municipality for the Venstre Party. In October 2009, she visited Liberia where she met with Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf as representative for the Danish Refugee Council.

Following her husband's resumption as Prime Minister in June 2015, Rasmussen took over as Chairman of the Løkke Foundation. The foundation, begun in 2012 by Lars Løkke, focuses on providing programs for boys with learning disabilities.

References

Further reading

1968 births
Living people
Spouses of prime ministers of Denmark
Faroese emigrants to Denmark
People from Tórshavn
Danish municipal councillors


Xenopelopia is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Tanypodinae


Zavrelimyia is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae of the family Chironomidae.

References

Tanypodinae


Carlo Lacana (born November 11, 1998) is a Filipino actor.

Career
Lacana is a child actor in Laoag City, Ilocos Norte Province, who started his career with commercial television and print ads. His first movie was "Tall As Trees" in March 2008 with Chin-Chin Gutierrez, Brent David Fraser, and Monsour Del Rosario, produced and directed by Gil Ponce in Seattle, Washington. Lacana appeared in these Filipino television shows: Captain Barbell as young Teng (GMA). Kamandag (GMA) as the Hostaged Kid, Lastikman as young Ken (ABS-CBN).

Filmography

Television

Film

External links

1998 births
Living people
Filipino male child actors
Star Magic
People from Laoag


Polly Perkins (b. 1943) is a British actress, singer and writer.

Polly Perkins may also refer to:

Bill Perkins (Australian rules footballer), nicknamed "Polly"
The main character of the comic strip Polly and Her Pals
A character in the film Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow, played by Gwyneth Paltrow
The mobile steam oven invented by Loftus Perkins

See also
"Pretty Polly Perkins of Paddington Green", an English song


The Rugrats Movie is a traditional 8-bit 2D platform video game based on the movie of the same name from the Nickelodeon animated series, Rugrats. It was released for Game Boy in December 1998 and for Game Boy Color in 1999. The game is also compatible with the Super Game Boy.

Gameplay
Tommy Pickles' little brother, Dil, has vanished, so the Rugrats set out to find him. The game features eight levels including the Pickles' house, the hospital, woods, and ancient ruins. There are two levels in which the player drives the Reptar Wagon in a top-down perspective, but the rest features standard side-scrolling platform gameplay. In each level the player has to collect specific items and get to the exit before time runs out. The game also utilizes a password feature.

Development
In 1997, THQ signed an agreement with Nickelodeon to develop and publish video games using the Rugrats license through December 2002. The deal gave THQ exclusive rights to Rugrats for all current and future game systems from Nintendo, Sony and Sega. Among the first projects announced as resulting from this deal was a Game Boy title set to be developed by n-Space and released in 1998.

Reception

The Game Boy Color version has a 61.75 percent score on GameRankings. The Electric Playground praised the graphics and sound of the Game Boy version, but was critical of the gameplay.

Scott Alan Marriott of AllGame rated the Game Boy Color version a 3 out of 5 and wrote, "The Rugrats Movie isn't a classic platform game by any means, but it does what it does admirably, which is to provide a colorful journey through levels based on the 1998 hit movie. And that should be enough to satisfy nearly everyone who saw the film, as this title definitely leans toward a younger audience. Control involves moving left or right and jumping -- that's it." Marriott praised the "entertaining" vehicle levels for adding variety to the game, and also enjoyed its colorful and "well-defined" graphics, writing that "the levels could pass for something you'd see on the Nickelodeon animated television series." Marriott wrote about the sound: "The music is surprisingly catchy, although it does grow repetitive the longer you play the game. The sound effects are ordinary."

Cameron Davis of GameSpot rated the Game Boy Color version a 7.3 out of 10 and wrote that "to the great astonishment of many, it's actually pretty good. Not groundbreaking or innovative in any way, to be sure, but it does what it sets out to do well." Davis said of the game's vehicle levels: "They're a nice addition and break up the gameplay well - a shame, then, that they're over too quickly." Davis praised the game's "well-detailed and extremely colorful locations," but also wrote, "The stages are impressively large and full of hidden areas to explore, although the way the screen sometimes doesn't scroll until you're almost at the edge leads to a few needless deaths. [...] Grown-ups who are brave enough to admit they like watching the cartoon won't find a particularly challenging game here. The fact that the game only uses one button is a good indication of this."

Peer Schneider of IGN gave the Game Boy Color version a 5 out of 10, and did not feel that the game could "hold the attention of older gamers". Schneider wrote, "Graphically, Rugrats stays true to the series with large, recognizable characters and decent animation. The scrolling still needs some work, but Creations pulled off a slew of vibrant, nicely drawn backgrounds that really shine on the Game Boy Color or Super Game Boy. Sound effects are sparse, but the memorable Rugrats music would quickly overshadow any potential sounds anyway. But remember: Enjoy Rugrats music only in small doses. If you're planning to play the game for a long time, we suggest switching off the music to prevent yourself from going nuts."

References

External links

1998 video games
Game Boy games
Game Boy Color games
Rugrats and All Grown Up! video games
THQ games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games based on animated films
Single-player video games


As a form of transcription, direct or quoted speech is spoken or written text that reports speech or thought in its original form phrased by the original speaker. In narrative, it is usually enclosed in quotation marks, but it can be enclosed in guillemets (« ») in some languages.  The cited speaker either is mentioned in the tag (or attribution) or is implied.

Comparison between direct, indirect, and free indirect speech
 Quoted or direct speech:

He laid down his bundle and thought of his misfortune. "And just what pleasure have I found since I came into this world?" he asked.
 Reported or normal indirect speech:

He laid down his bundle and thought of his misfortune. He asked himself what pleasure he had found since he came into the world.
 Free indirect speech:
He laid down his bundle and thought of his misfortune. And just what pleasure had he found since he came into this world?

A crucial semantic distinction between direct and indirect speech is that direct speech purports to report the exact words that were said or written, whereas indirect speech is a representation of speech in one's own words.

The distinction between indirect speech and free indirect speech is mostly one of style, hence free indirect speech is sometimes described as a free indirect style.

See also
 Quotation marks in English
 Third-person narrative

Notes

References

Semantics
Semantic units
Syntactic entities