In April and May 1991, two consecutive rockslides occurred from a cliff above the town of Randa in the Matter valley of Switzerland.  The rockslides released a cumulative volume of approximately 30 million cubic meters of debris, with each of the rockslide stages occurring over several hours.  Slide debris buried key regional transportation lines including the road and railway leading to Zermatt, and dammed the Mattervispa river which eventually flooded a portion of the town of Randa upstream.  There were no fatalities resulting from either of the rockslide events, though livestock, farmhouses and holiday homes were destroyed.

Geological situation
The Matter valley in the region of Randa exhibits classical morphology of glacial erosion, with steep rock walls and a wide valley bottom creating the common U-shaped form.  Cliffs adjacent to the valley are exceptionally high, rising vertically some 800 m, while the nearby peaks of the Weisshorn and Dom sit 3000 m above the town of Randa.

Crystalline rocks of the slide source region belong to the Siviez–Mischabel nappe and primarily include a competent orthogneiss in the lower half of the slope overlain by highly jointed paragneisses and schists (Willenberg et al., 2008a).  Foliation dips gently to the west / southwest (into the slope at the rockslide), cutting across the north-south trending Matter valley.

The site of the 1991 rockslides sits on a nose of rock on the western wall of the Matter valley, which has been significantly incised to the south by the Bis glacier.  To the south and west of the eventual rockslides, an older progressive slope instability had developed leaving a noticeable scarp and debris cone.  This scarp would eventually be cut by the 1991 rockslides.

Rockslides of 1991
The 1991 rockslides at Randa consisted of two separate collapse events on April 18 and May 9, which released in total a cumulative volume of approximately 30 million cubic meters of rock.  The elevation of the top of the scarp is 2320 m (7610 ft), while the elevation of deposit toe is 1320 m (4330 ft).

Accelerating occurrences of small rockfalls from the cliff in the decades preceding the slides gave indication of deeper movements, and fallen debris had eventually destroyed much of the forest beneath the cliff (Sartori et al., 2003).  Precursory events noted immediately prior to the April, 1991 rockslide included explosive ruptures of rock slabs and new forceful water discharges from the face (Schindler et al., 1993).

April 18, 1991:  This primary rockslide event occurred over the span of a few hours time, producing a large steep debris cone and a thick layer of dust over the valley.  The rockslide consisted of a progressive succession of smaller collapses and block failures involving first the lower and more competent orthogneiss, followed by retrogressive collapse of the highly jointed paragneiss above (Schindler et al., 1993).  The total volume released during this rockslide phase was estimated to be 22 million cubic meters.  Had this volume been released instantaneously, a devastating rock avalanche and far reaching deposit would have resulted.  A lesser failure followed on April 22.

May 9, 1991:  Monitoring of deformation and microseismic activity led to accurate anticipation of this follow up rockslide event.  The rockslide again occurred in a progressive manner over the course of a few hours, involving many small volume collapse events mostly within the upper paragneiss material (Schindler et al., 1993).  These failures resulted in retreat and reduced the inclination of the upper part of the rockslide scarp.  The total volume released in this second phase was estimated to be 7 million cubic meters.

No one trigger can be conclusively assigned as responsible for the Randa rockslides of 1991.  The area has experienced a long history of moderate seismicity, but no significant earthquakes immediately preceded the failures.  A warm period producing ample snow melt occurred in the days prior to the April rockslide, and water could be seen emanating from springs on the rock face.  Further, a period of rapid cooling occurred just one day before the April slide.  However, it is unknown if this series of events combined to act as an exceptional trigger, or if they were rather part of the normal seasonal climatic and hydraulic cycles (Sartori et al., 2003).

Damage and remediation
The road and rail line through the Matter valley are important tourist routes for visitors to the Matterhorn region.  These transportation avenues were both interrupted by the April 18 rockslide.  The May 9 event further cemented the problem.  The rail line was buried for 800 m, while 200 m of the road was covered (Quanterra.org).  The road and rail line have both since been re-routed to circumnavigate the rockslide deposit.

The rockslide debris also dammed the Mattervispa river, a problem that was again compounded by the second event.  Work digging through the blockage was begun immediately, but heavy rain and snow melt eventually resulted in flooding of a portion of the town of Randa upstream.  A channel was eventually cut and the water receded.  The Swiss army had deployed a floating bridge in anticipation of the flooding, which successfully allowed the road upstream of the deposit to remain open.  A nearly 4 km long bypass tunnel was then bored into the wall beneath the cliff to prevent any future floods.

Continued movement
Several million cubic meters of rock above and behind the scarp of the 1991 rockslides remains unstable today, moving towards the valley at rates up to 2 cm per year.  This situation is not considered to be a critical hazard at the moment, but movements are carefully monitored and studied.

Monitoring and geoscience
The Randa rockslide has long been the site of intensive geological, geotechnical, and geophysical research.  Following the April, 1991 failure, monitoring instrumentation was installed that helped successfully predict the impending May rockslide.  The site has since been monitored by Valais Kantonal authorities.

Since 2001, researchers from the Department of Earth Science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH, Zurich) have conducted studies into the cause and nature of the ongoing deformations.  New monitoring and exploration techniques, combined with traditional geological investigations have revealed important insights into the process of progressive failure driving the current instability (Eberhardt et al., 2004; Heincke et al., 2006; Spillmann et al., 2007a,b; Willenberg et al., 2008a,b; Gischig et al., 2009; Moore et al., 2010; Burjanek et al., 2010; Gischig et al., 2011a,b,c; Moore et al., 2011a,b).

See also
Randa VS

References

 Quanterra.org, "Randa," http://www.quanterra.org/guide/guide1_18.htm ; Accessed 5 April 2009.

External links
 http://www.rockslide.ethz.ch/
 http://www.quanterra.org/guide/guide1_18.htm
 The 1991 catastrophic failure events
 http://www.planat.ch/en/images-details/datum/2011/06/21/bergsturz-randa-1991/

Landslides in Switzerland
1991 in Switzerland
Landslides in 1991
1991 disasters in Switzerland


Franco Martín Parodi (born 29 November 1989) is a former Argentine professional footballer who played as a striker.

Club career
In August 2009, Parodi left for Russian side Spartak Nalchik for Portuguese first division side Rio Ave F.C. His time with Rio Ave was short-lived, as 16 days after signing he left the club.

References

External links
 BDFA profile
 Profile on the official RFPL site

1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Buenos Aires
Argentine people of Italian descent
Argentine men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Defensores de Belgrano footballers
Russian Premier League players
PFC Spartak Nalchik players
Primeira Liga players
Rio Ave F.C. players
SSD 1937 Milazzo players
Defensores Unidos footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Russia


David Peter Ryan (born 5 January 1957) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played in the English Football League for Port Vale in 1976, on loan from Manchester United. He later played non-League football for Southport, Northwich Victoria, Hyde United and Chorley.

Playing career
Ryan started his career with Manchester United. Whilst with the "Red Devils" he was sent on loan to Port Vale in January 1976, as cover for John Connaughton. He made his debut in a 2–1 defeat by Swindon Town at the County Ground on 17 January, but returned to Old Trafford later that month. Ryan was never handed his competitive debut by Tommy Docherty and later left United to play for Southport and Northwich Victoria. He made one Northern Premier League Premier Division appearance for Hyde United on 28 March 1990, in a 4–2 victory over Shepshed Charterhouse at Ewen Fields. He later played for Chorley.

Coaching career
Ryan worked as the head goalkeeping coach at the Manchester United Academy and served as Head of Football & Community Development from 1992 to 2013. He also did charity work on behalf of Manchester United.

Career statistics
Source:

References

1957 births
Living people
People from Failsworth
Footballers from Greater Manchester
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham
English men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Manchester United F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Southport F.C. players
Northwich Victoria F.C. players
Chorley F.C. players
Hyde United F.C. players
English Football League players
Northern Premier League players
Association football coaches
Association football goalkeeping coaches
Manchester United F.C. non-playing staff


The United Panhellenic Organization of Youth, abbreviated EPON (), was a Greek resistance organization
that was active during the Axis Occupation of Greece in World War II. EPON was the youth wing of the National Liberation Front (EAM) organization, and was established on 23 February 1943 after the merger of ten earlier political and resistance youth organizations. Along with EAM and its other affiliates, EPON was dissolved judicially at the beginning of the Greek Civil War but continued to operate illegally until 1958.

See also
 Young Communist League of Greece

References

Greek Resistance
National Liberation Front (Greece)
Youth wings of political parties in Greece
Youth wings of communist parties
1943 establishments in Greece
Organizations disestablished in 1958


The 2008–09 Azerbaijan First Division  is the second-level of football in Azerbaijan. The season started on 6 September 2009 with eight teams participating in the league. NBC Salyan were the defending champions.

ABN Bärdä won the league, with Shahdag finishing as runners up. Both teams were due to be promoted to the Azerbaijan Premier League, but due to the AFFA's license policy, neither teams were.

Schedule
Each team played each other four times, twice at home and twice away, with the season started on 6 September 2008 and finished on 16 May 2009. There were no games between 7 December 2008 and 15 February 2009, due to the annual winter break.

Teams

Stadia and locations
Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.

League table

Top goalscorers
Last updated: 17 May 2009; Source: www.football-plus.az
15 goals
 Vasif Aliyev (ANSAD-Petrol) Zahid Talibov (FK Shahdag)14 goals
 Bahruz Ismayilov (Qafqaz University FK)''

See also
 2008–09 Azerbaijan Premier League
 2008–09 Azerbaijan Cup

References

External links
 pfl.az
  AFFA

Azerbaijan First Division seasons
2008–09 in Azerbaijani football
Azer


Chile–Haiti relations are the bilateral relations between Chile and Haiti. Both countries are members of Organization of American States.

Visits

In March 2006, Haitian president-elect, René Préval, visited Chile to attend the inauguration ceremony for Chile's president Michelle Bachelet. In June 2006, President Bachelet visited Haitian President Preval. Bachelet pledged to "continue offering support so that every Haitian has a better chance to have health care, education and housing."  Bachelet was the first head of state to visit Haiti since Preval took power in May. Bachelet said that she "would discuss with Preval the possibility of keeping Chilean forces in the country longer if needed, saying a stable Haiti was vital to regional security." In 2017, President Michelle Bachelet paid a visit to Haiti and met with President Jovenel Moïse.

Political relations
In February 1973, Chile granted temporary residency to 15 Haitian political exiles involved in the kidnapping of the United States ambassador and consul in Port-au-Prince in January that year.
In 1994, Chile together with Uruguay and Venezuela agreed to assist to make a peace deal. Haiti's military rulers endorsed the initiative.

In 1999, three Haitian parliamentarians requested political asylum in Chile. These parliamentarians took refuge at the Chilean embassy.

Chilean assistance
As part of the response to the 2004 floods, Chilean troops were involved in a multinational force of 3,600 together with U.S. Marines, French, and Canadian troops.

Chilean search and rescue experts were involved in recovery efforts for the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Chilean Army Major Rodrigo Vázquez directed rescue efforts for the earthquake.

Chilean troops in Haiti
Chilean Brigadier General Eduardo Aldunate Herman was the vice commander of the United Nations peacekeeping mission in Haiti.
Chile sent 650 peacekeeping troops to the island as part of the United Nations peace keeping mission.  Praising the work of the Chilean policemen in Haiti, National Police official Javiera Blanco said, "Even though today there is a need for the key presence of this mission, which is in mid term, the exit should be prepared for, considering that the country (Haiti) must take those responsibilities and build their capacities to do what is done by our mission." The police are planned to withdraw from Haiti in 2011.

Resident diplomatic missions
 Chile has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.
 Haiti has an embassy in Santiago.

See also

 Foreign relations of Chile
 Foreign relations of Haiti

References

Haiti
Bilateral relations of Haiti


Đồi Ngô  is a township (Thị trấn) and capital of Lục Nam District, Bắc Giang Province, in north-eastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province
District capitals in Vietnam
Townships in Vietnam


Sailor Beware! is a 1956 British comedy film directed by Gordon Parry and starring Peggy Mount, Shirley Eaton and Ronald Lewis. It was shot at Shepperton Studios with sets designed by the art director Norman G. Arnold. It was released in the United States by Distributors Corporation of America the following year as Panic in the Parlor .

The film is an adaptation of the successful stage play of the same name. It follows the story of a sailor betrothed to be married, but wary that home-life may echo that of her parents: a hen-pecked husband and battle-axe mother. It is one of Michael Caine's first films; he has a small, uncredited role as a sailor.

Plot
Royal Navy sailor, Albert Tufnell, is to marry Shirley Hornett the next day. He and his best man, fellow sailor Carnoustie Bligh, travel to the Hornett household.

However, Albert begins to have second thoughts when he spends the day with her family. He has no problem with her father, Henry, or with meek spinster, aunt Edie, but her domineering mother, Emma, is another matter entirely. (Meanwhile, Carnoustie and Shirley's beautiful cousin, Daphne Pink, are attracted to each other.) When Albert announces that he and Carnoustie are going to see their pals that night, Emma objects strenuously, as does Shirley, but they go anyway. Later, Emma sends Henry to fetch them, but it is they who have to bring back a thoroughly drunk Henry.

Edie lets slip plans for the couple to live in a house three doors away; plans made without consulting the bridegroom. Albert gives Shirley a chance to inform him, but she does not do so, which concerns him.

The day of the wedding, Albert does not appear at the church, so the Hornetts go home. Then, Albert shows up, as does the Reverend Purefoy, who was to preside over the ceremony. Albert states that he loves Shirley and wants to marry her. However, he has his doubts. Mr. Purefoy asks to speak to the couple privately. Everyone else leaves the room (but eavesdrops). Albert then explains that the unhappy example of her family life and the unilateral decision about where they were to live have made him hesitate. Henry comes in and surprisingly states that his wife has actually taken good care of him, and that he is fond of her. Upon hearing that, Emma breaks down and weeps; she tells Purefoy she wants to change her ways. Albert marries Shirley, but after they leave, Emma finds it hard to break old habits.

Cast
 Peggy Mount as Emma Hornett
 Shirley Eaton as Shirley Hornett
 Ronald Lewis as Albert Tufnell
 Cyril Smith as Henry Hornett
 Esma Cannon as Edie Hornett
 Gordon Jackson as Carnoustie Bligh
 Geoffrey Keen as the Rev. Purefoy
 Joy Webster as Daphne Pink
 Thora Hird as Mrs. Lack
 Eliot Makeham as Uncle Brummell
 Fred Griffiths as Taxi Driver
 Edie Martin as Little Woman in Church
 Margaret Moore as Little Girl
 Barbara Hicks as Little Girl's Mother
 George Rose as Waiter at Banfield's
 Frank Atkinson as Chauffeur (uncredited)
 Alfie Bass as Organist (uncredited)
 Richard Beynon as Bearded Sailor (uncredited)
 Douglas Blackwell as Co-op Man (uncredited)
 Anne Blake (uncredited)
 Michael Caine as Sailor (uncredited)
 Peter Collingwood as Verger (uncredited)
 George A. Cooper as Petty Officer (uncredited)
 Paul Eddington as Bearded Sailor (uncredited)
 Charles Houston (uncredited)
 Jack MacGowran as Toddy (uncredited)
 Henry McGee as Milkman (uncredited)
 John Pike as Bit Part (uncredited)
 Anthony Sagar as Naval Rating (uncredited)

Production
John Woolf bought the screen rights for $56,000. In late 1958 Woolf bought the rights to the sequel Hornet's Nest for $70,000 but it was not made.

Reception
The film was one of the ten most popular films at the British box office in 1956.

References

External links

1956 films
1956 romantic comedy films
British black-and-white films
British romantic comedy films
British films based on plays
Films directed by Gordon Parry
Films shot at Shepperton Studios
1950s English-language films
1950s British films


Sir Walter Dixon Borrowes, 4th Baronet (1691 – 9 June 1741) was an Irish politician.

He was the eldest son of Sir Kildare Borrowes, 3rd Baronet and his wife Elizabeth Dixon, daughter of Sir Richard Dixon and his wife Mary Eustace of Calverstown. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. In 1709, he succeeded his father as baronet. Borrowes represented Harristown in the Irish House of Commons between 1721 and 1727. Subsequently, he sat for Athy until his death in 1741.

On 18 March 1720, Borrowes married Mary Pottinger, daughter of Captain Edward Pottinger. They had three sons. Borrowes died at Calverstown, County Kildare, which had come to his mother as  the heiress of her nephew, Robert Dixon, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his only surviving son Sir Kildare Borrowes, 5th Bt.

The family's surname is sometimes spelt Burrowes.

References

1691 births
1741 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of Ireland
Irish MPs 1715–1727
Irish MPs 1727–1760
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Kildare constituencies
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin


The 1878 Middlesbrough by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 5 July 1878 to elect a new Member of Parliament (MP) for the British House of Commons constituency of Middlesbrough in the North Riding of Yorkshire.

Vacancy
The vacancy was caused by the death on 18 June 1878 of the town's Liberal MP, Henry Bolckow.

The town of Middlesbrough had been enfranchised by the Representation of the People Act 1867, and at the United Kingdom general election the industrialist Henry Bolckow had been elected unopposed as its first Member of Parliament (MP). In 1853, he had become the town's first mayor.

Candidates
Two candidates were nominated.

The Conservative Party candidate was Samuel Sadler, the owner of a major chemicals business in the town, and Mayor of Middlesbrough in 1877.  The Liberal Party selected Isaac Wilson, whose railway locomotive business had been merged in 1865 to Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. Wilson had been Mayor in 1854.

Results
The result was a victory was for Wilson, who held the seat for the Liberals with a comfortable majority of 37.4% of the votes.

Aftermath
Wilson held the seat until he stood down at the 1892 general election.

Sadler did not stand again until the 1895 general election, when he was also unsuccessful. But he finally won the seat at the 1900 general election, 22 years after the by-election.  He was defeated at the 1906 general election.

References

1878 elections in the United Kingdom
1878 in England
19th century in Yorkshire
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Middlesbrough constituencies


Tây Yên Tử  is a township (Thị trấn) of Sơn Động District, Bắc Giang Province in north-eastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province
Townships in Vietnam


Nếnh  is a township (Thị trấn) and town in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in north-eastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province
Townships in Vietnam


The Capture of Cádiz in 1596 was an event during the Anglo-Spanish War, when English and Dutch troops under Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and a large Anglo-Dutch fleet under Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham, with support from the Dutch United Provinces, raided the Spanish city of Cádiz.

Due to the Spanish commander's lack of foresight and organisation, the Anglo-Dutch forces met little resistance. In order to deny the raiders their prize the Spanish set fire to their fleet anchored in the Bay of Cádiz; the attacking forces disembarked, captured, sacked, and burned the city and took hostage several of the city's prominent citizens, who were taken back to England to await payment of their ransom.

The economic losses caused during the sacking were numerous: the city was burned, as was the fleet, in what was one of the principal English victories in the course of the war. Despite its failure in its primary objective of seizing the Spanish treasure fleet's silver, the raid contributed to Spain's declaration of bankruptcy the following year.

Background
On 13 June 1596 the fleet set sail from Plymouth. The fleet comprised 150 English and Dutch ships, 17 of which belonged to the Royal Navy, divided into four squadrons with 6,360 private soldiers, 1,000 English volunteers, and 6,772 sailors.

Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham, was the admiral commanding the fleet, while the landing forces were under the command of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, Lord Thomas Howard, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Sir Francis Vere each commanding their respective units. Anthony Ashley was the Clerk of the Privy Council and was a representative of Queen Elizabeth I of England. Cristóvão and Manuel of Portugal, sons of António of Portugal, and supposedly Antonio Pérez, were also on board, although without command. These forces were joined by another 20 ships from the United Provinces, with 2,000 men on board, who under the command of Admiral John de Duyvenvoorde, Lord of Warmond, were put under English orders.

The city of Cádiz, with approximately 6,000 inhabitants, was one of the principal Spanish ports and point of departure for the Spanish treasure fleet for New Spain.

Capture

On Saturday, 29 June, there arrived in Cádiz news coming from Lagos, Portugal in the Algarve, advising of the presence of an English fleet. At that moment there were in the Bay of Cádiz some 40 Spanish ships, ranging from galleys to galleons, as well as 16 other vessels from the Spanish convoy, which were disarmed and ready to depart for the West Indies. These unarmed vessels immediately fled to Puerto Real for refuge.

Juan Portocarrero and Alonso de Bazán weighed anchor in front of the Spanish galleys, intending to prevent the Anglo-Dutch fleet from passing into the interior of the bay.

On Sunday, 30 June at 2 o'clock in the morning, the Anglo-Dutch fleet could be seen from Cádiz, but it could not enter the bay due to bad weather. At 5 o'clock in the morning, both sides commenced an intense artillery barrage. After two hours, the Spanish fleet, outnumbering the English, had to retreat to the interior of the bay. In the fray, the Spanish galleons San Andrés and San Mateo were captured, while the San Felipe and Santo Tomás sank, set fire by their captains in the face of possible capture by the Anglo-Dutch forces. They entered the bay at 8 o'clock in the morning.

By midday, reinforcements sent by the Duke of Medina-Sidonia, Alonso Pérez de Guzmán arrived in Cádiz from Vejer de la Frontera, Jerez, Arcos de la Frontera, Medina-Sidonia, Puerto Real, and Chiclana de la Frontera. For the most part, the soldiers were new and poorly armed. These reinforcements were joined by 5,000 men deployed from Santa Catalina and San Felipe.

At 2 o'clock in the afternoon, no more than 200 Englishmen disembarked on El Puntal, bringing under fire the Spanish forces charged with its defense. The forces had been sent into battle with nobody in command. Before 5 o'clock in the afternoon, the English advance force took control of the city with scarcely any resistance, while another part of the army advanced toward Point Zuazo in San Fernando, which was defended by Spanish forces. In the skirmishes in front of the city, each side lost approximately 25 men. The fort of San Felipe surrendered the next day.

The poor state of the artillery, shortage of ammunition, and poor preparation of the Spanish forces and the lack of organization by Spanish authorities all motivated the scant resistance against attacking forces. The defensive tactics had to be improvised by Captain Pedro de Guía, the Mayor of Cádiz Antonio Girón, and the Duke of Medina-Sidonia in Jerez; for as was stated afterwards: "...the disorder had been, after the will of the Lord, the cause of the loss of this city, because all were heads of command and none were feet that would follow, and that is how they lost, for not having either feet or head."

Sack of Cádiz
Already in possession, the English and Dutch troops dedicated themselves to sacking the city. Churches and people's houses were the object of pillaging, although the troops did respect the integrity of the people themselves: "They treated very well the people and in particular the women, not offending them in any way." (Lope de Valenzuela)

Before it was possible for the English forces to capture the Spanish fleet taking refuge in Puerto Real, Medina-Sidonia ordered its destruction. 32 ships, including the armada's galleys and the vessels from the treasure fleet, were burned.

The next day, 3 July, the city's civil and ecclesiastical authorities made a pact with the English troops allowing the citizens of Cádiz to leave in exchange for a ransom of 120,000 ducats and the freedom of 51 English prisoners captured in past campaigns. The gaditanos (citizens of Cádiz) left the city for Point Zuazo with nothing more than they could carry. In guarantee of payment of the agreed-on ransom, various prominent citizens of the city were kept as hostages, including the president of the Casa de Contratación, the mayor, council members, and religious figures.

The Earl of Essex, Francis, Vere, and the Dutch commanders demonstrated support for keeping the city in Anglo-Dutch hands, provisioning and garrisoning it for use as a base of operations. This seems to have been contrary to the wishes of Admiral Howard and the rest of the English officials, who considered it to be a hazardous enterprise due to an eventual Spanish counterattack and was against the orders of the English Queen, frustrating plans for occupying the city.

On 14 July, the English burned Cádiz and the next day they left the bay, taking the hostages with them since the Spanish authorities had not been able to pay the ransom.

Portugal
On its return trip to England, the fleet disembarked at and burned Faro, Portugal. The raiders also took away with them the contents of the library of the Bishop of Lisbon, and the books were donated to the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford by the Earl of Essex on their return to England. On the heights of Lisbon, they received news of the imminent arrival of the treasure fleet in the Azores. The Earl of Essex proposed to capture the fleet, but Admiral Howard opposed him, saying that it would be contrary to orders. With that, the fleet resumed its journey to Plymouth, where they arrived a few days later.

Gallery

Aftermath

The sacking of Cádiz in 1596 was one of the worst Spanish defeats in the course of the war, together with an earlier attack on the city in 1587, as well as the loss of the Armada in 1588. The economic losses produced by the Earl of Essex's expedition against the city and the anchored fleet in the port, estimated at 5 million ducats, contributed to the bankruptcy of the royal treasury that same year. Nevertheless, the recuperative capacity of the Spanish Armada was proven with the organization of a fleet that in October 1596, known as the 2nd Spanish Armada under the command of Martín de Padilla, set sail against the English coast. A storm in the Bay of Biscay however caused heavy losses and the fleet staggered back to port. Philip though still bent on revenge for the sack of Cádiz was determined for the operation to go ahead, so the following year in September a rushed and poorly organised 3rd Spanish Armada set sail. Again a storm put paid to the operation just off the English coast dispersing the fleet, driving some ashore with others captured.

The city of Cádiz remained devastated; in addition to the churches and hospitals, 290 out of a total of 1,303 houses burned. After the departure of the English and Dutch, the Spanish authorities considered the possibility of fortifying the city or dismantling it and relocating it to Puerto de Santa María. The military engineers Luis Bravo de Laguna, Tuburzio Spannocchi, Peleazzo Fratín, and Cristóbal de Rojas all presented plans for these options. Finally, it was decided to follow the plans laid out by Cristóbal de Rojas, who began construction of the fortifications in 1598. Philip II gave the city a ten-year extension on the payment of taxes. Every attempt to repeat the raid, over the course of the next two centuries, failed.

The hostages would not be freed until July 1603, after the death of Elizabeth I and her succession by James I of England. The next year, Spain and England ended the war with the signing of the Treaty of London (1604). However, the English would later try to repeat this raid in the ill-fated Cádiz Expedition of 1625.

Miscellany
 The story of the 1596 expedition to Cádiz, recounted by the English historian Richard Hakluyt in his book The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation, was suppressed in the first editions by order of Elizabeth I, supposedly because of tensions between the queen and the Earl of Essex.
 The attack on Cádiz, in the course of which the English troops seized a large quantity of sherry (vino de Jerez), contributed to the popularization in England of the consumption of this drink, giving rise to the legend that the attacking troops sacked the city in order to capture the wine.
 Miguel de Cervantes dedicated a satirical sonnet to the troops that the Duke of Medina-Sidonia and Captain Becerra led to Cádiz after the English troops' departure.
 It was during this battle that according to eyewitnesses the Earl of Essex famously scaled the walls of Cádiz single-handedly
 It is a major element in the plot of the historical novel The Grove of Eagles by Winston Graham.
 English troops desecrated a statue of the Virgin Mother and Child when it was taken from a Cádiz church to the market square. Afterwards the mutilated statue named Our Lady Vulnerata was brought to the Chapel at the English College in Valladolid in 1600 by the priests and seminarians to make reparation for the behaviour of their fellow countrymen.
 Thomas Gates, the future governor of Jamestown in 1610, was knighted by the Earl of Essex for bravery during the battle.
 Robert Radcliffe 5th Earl of Sussex, was knighted by the Earl of Essex for the taking of Cádiz.

References
Notes

External links

Conflicts in 1596
Naval battles of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
Capture
1596 in Spain
1596 in Europe
Battles involving the Dutch Republic
Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
1596 in the British Empire


Klaus-Peter Ebeling (born 4 August 1944) is an East German sprint canoeist who competed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Competing He won two medals at the 1970 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver in the K-4 1000 m and a bronze in the K-2 1000 m events.

Ebeling also finished sixth in the K-4 1000 m event at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

References

Sports-reference.com profile

1944 births
Canoeists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
German male canoeists
Living people
Olympic canoeists for East Germany
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak


The Center for Global Studies (CGS) was founded in 2000 by Prof. Edward Kolodziej at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (UIUC). CGS serves as a resource for faculty, students, staff, and the public on global studies. CGS is also responsible for globalizing the research, teaching, and outreach missions of UIUC. In 2019, the Center became part of the Illinois Global Institute, which was established in 2019.

Steven Witt has served as the Director of the Center for Global Studies since 2015.

CGS has been a National Resource Center, as designated by the U.S. Department of Education, since 2003. CGS is also a member of the Global Studies Consortium.

Globalizing missions of the Center for Global Studies
 Promote and support innovative research to better understand global issues confronting the world’s populations and identify ways to resolve these challenges.
 Partner with colleges and faculty to develop new courses and degree programs in global studies.
 Foster interdisciplinary and interprofessional cooperation in global studies.
 Facilitate deep understanding of the values, thinking, practices, and aspirations of the world’s diverse cultures, and the acquisition of advanced language skills in Less Commonly Taught Languages.
 Develop teaching resources, professional training opportunities, and public programs in global studies for researchers, educators, students, business leaders, media, governmental agencies, civic organizations, and members of the public.

References

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign centers and institutes
International relations education
Global studies research
2000 establishments in Illinois


KMFM Canterbury is an Independent Local Radio serving the City of Canterbury and the surrounding areas in Kent, South East England. It is the Canterbury region of the KMFM radio network (owned by the KM Group), containing local advertisements and sponsorships for the area amongst a countywide schedule of programming.

History
The station began broadcasting in 1997 as 106 CTFM to Canterbury, Whitstable and Herne Bay. It originally broadcast from studios on Lower Bridge Street in Canterbury.

The KM Group increased their involvement in the station's day-to-day running in October 2000 with a re-launch and programming re-direction. The station became the fastest growing in the UK in terms of listenership with a 48% increase in listening in Q4 RAJAR 2000 (in part due to highly successful sponsorship deal with the University of Kent Cricket Club) and a 500% increase in peak listening, during the Ian St James breakfast show. The KM Group took full control of the station in 2001, following a "public interest test" due to laws preventing a newspaper group owning a radio station in the same area unless it was found not to be against the public interest. The station was rebranded to KMFM Canterbury the following year, moving the studios to the Kentish Gazette offices.

In 2001 programme sharing initially began on Saturday nights with Brian Jones presenting his show across TLR and CTFM. The KM Group later took control of Neptune Radio, after which programme sharing began across all three neighbouring East Kent stations.

In 2008, following Ofcom approval, the studios and presenters were allowed to move to the KMFM Ashford building, although the sales teams continue to be based in Canterbury. Following the arrival of the county-wide breakfast, all KMFM programming is now broadcast from Medway.

Like the rest of the KMFM network, the station was relaunched in September 2010 with new jingles, schedule changes and more emphasis on music.

The KMFM network switched to a contemporary hit radio format in 2012 following the merging of KMFM Extra with KMFM. The music now focuses mainly on Top 40 hits, and contains a lot more dance and R&B than before.

Programming
All programming across the KMFM network is now shared across all seven stations following OFCOM approval in February 2012. The local breakfast show, by then the only local show on the station, was replaced by a county-wide show on 12 March 2012.

Until 2007 KMFM Canterbury produced its own programmes during daytimes, before it joined up with KMFM Thanet to network all programmes other than breakfast. The stations joined with KMFM Ashford and KMFM Shepway and White Cliffs Country to create an East Kent network in April 2009, before all programmes apart from weekday/Saturday breakfast and Sunday afternoons were networked across all KMFM stations in September 2009. In July 2010, Saturday breakfast and Sunday afternoons became networked.

News bulletins come from the KMFM News Centre in the Medway studios on the hour from 6am – 6pm on weekdays, and 8am – 1pm on weekends. National news bulletins come from Sky News Radio outside these times. Traffic and travel updates are broadcast just before the hour, and every 20 minutes between 7am – 9am and 4pm – 7pm.

Presenters

Former presenters
A few former presenters
 Tony Blackburn
 Nigel Harris
 Jon Holmes
 Johnny Lewis
 Dave Pearce
 Myma Seldon
 Benedict Smith
 Melanie Sykes

References

External links
 KMFM Canterbury

Canterbury
Radio stations established in 1997
Radio stations in Kent
City of Canterbury
Contemporary hit radio stations in the United Kingdom


Cancer Prevention Research is a peer-reviewed medical journal that publishes original studies, reviews, and commentaries in the fields of cancer prevention and interception. It was launched in 2008 by its publisher, the American Association for Cancer Research. The journal's current editors-in-chief are Raymond N. DuBois and Michael N. Pollak, who were appointed in 2018.

References

External links

American Association for Cancer Research academic journals
Oncology journals
Academic journals established in 2008
Semi-monthly journals
English-language journals


Sailor Beware may refer to:

 Sailors, Beware!, a 1927 silent film starring Laurel and Hardy
 Sailor, Beware!, a 1933 Broadway play by Kenyon Nicholson and Charles Robinson
 Sailor Beware (1952 film), featuring Jerry Lewis and Dean Martin
 Sailor Beware! (play), a 1954 play by Philip King and Falkland Cary
 Sailor Beware! (1956 film), a British comedy starring Peggy Mount and Shirley Eaton, an adaptation of the 1954 play


Donald G. Batchelor (June 15, 1895 – September 25, 1970) was a professional football player who spent two years of the National Football League with the Canton Bulldogs and the Toledo Maroons. Batchelor won an NFL championship with the Bulldogs in 1922. In 1923, he played for the Maroons.

After his professional football career, Don settled in Grand Blanc, Michigan. He later worked as a school teacher, a coach, and was a Republican representative to the Michigan state constitutional convention for Genesee County (2nd District) in 1961. The convention convened in Lansing on October 3, 1961, and adjourned on August 1, 1962. He was also a member of the Disciples of Christ and the Freemasons.

Family
Don was the son of George Batchelor and Cora (Babb) Batchelor. He was married to Grace F. Dibble.

Notes

1895 births
1970 deaths
People from Hicksville, Ohio
Players of American football from Ohio
Canton Bulldogs players
Toledo Maroons players
Michigan Republicans
Grove City College alumni
Ohio Northern Polar Bears football players
People from Grand Blanc, Michigan


The Valenzuela City School of Mathematics and Science (VCSMS; ), also referred to as ValMaSci, is a specialized public high school in Valenzuela City, Philippines.

Established in 2003 as the Valenzuela City Science High School (), it offers a special advanced curriculum with emphasis in the fields of mathematics and science to residents of the city. The school also has a specialized range of subjects in technology, engineering, and language.

History

Foundation
The Valenzuela City School of Mathematics and Science traces its roots to the Science Oriented Experimental Class (SOEC), an education program organized by former Valenzuela City mayor Jose Emmanuel Carlos. SOEC was initiated in school year 1996–97 "to shape and produce globally competitive and morally upright individuals who will serve as foundation of [the] nation's great success." The class, which was composed of 40 academically outstanding students, was housed at the city's national high school, the Valenzuela National High School (VNHS), in Barangay Marulas.

On May 14, 2003, seven years after SOEC was created, an ordinance establishing a science high school from the original SOEC was approved. The school, under the name Valenzuela City Science High School, was to be funded by the local School Board of Valenzuela.

Valenzuela City Science High School
On February 8, 2003, a memorandum was sent to all principals of public and private elementary schools of the city, requesting them to inform their graduating students to apply for the qualifying examination for the upcoming admission of first year high school students in VCSHS. With 200 applicants administered, 108 students passed the admission tests (consisting of an intelligence quotient test, proficiency test, and interview). They enrolled at the new school with Brian E. Ilan as the first principal. On June 9, 2003, the first VCSHS Parents, Teachers, and Community Association (PTCA) was formed.

From the original six teachers, the institution added eight teachers. Additional students made the VCSHS community larger as the years passed. At the beginning of the school year 2005–06, VCSHS moved to its newly constructed building at A. Marcelo Street in Barangay Dalandanan. City mayor Sherwin Gatchalian inaugurated the new house and 4th year students entered VCSHS. During the year, Ilan was replaced by Lagrimas B. Bayle as the new school principal. Through her time, a recorded shortest graduation (as observed by teachers) happened for the 15 students of SOEC passing the 4th year curriculum of ValSci.

By the school year 2006–07, Genindina M. Sumbillo entered ValSci from Valenzuela National High School–Mapulang Lupa Annex to replace Lagrimas B. Bayle. Before the end of school year 2007–08, Arneil D. Aro replaced Sumbillo who had been promoted as principal of Caruhatan National High School. And at the midst of 2011–12, Edelina I. Golloso took the principal seat replacing Aro. Ilan resumed his duties as principal, relieving Golloso of her overseeing duties starting the last quarter of the SY 2011–12. The following year, in September, Ilan was again relieved from the position, with Jameson H. Tan replacing him.

New school campus
In early 2014, Valenzuela City Mayor Rexlon Gatchalian announced the construction of a new state-of-the-art campus under the name Valenzuela City School of Mathematics and Science. This is a part of the Education 360° Investment Program of the local government that included feeder programs, the provision of school supplies, and training for students, parents, and teachers. Gatchalian explained, "This is a large-scale investment to shore up the local education system." Out of the ₱300 million budget allotted to the plan, ₱199 million was spent on the construction and outfit of the new school campus. He said that the soon-to-rise school is the "best education investment [the] city has ever made."

The groundbreaking of the new school site in Barangay Malinta was held on January 27, 2014. Gatchalian, local government officials, the Valenzuela City Science High School faculty and students, and the Department of Education (DepEd) secretary Armin Luistro attended the ceremony. The mayor said in his speech, "If you look at their NAT scores, their scores are one of the highest in Metro Manila. If you look at their UPCAT results, they have a very high passing rate every year. That's why we have to show the brightest and the most intelligent students of Valenzuela City that they will be entering the most modernized high school here in Valenzuela and we'll make sure that this will be the most pleasant science high school building in the Philippines." He said in another interview that "these classrooms will be available for use when classes open in June this year."

The changing of the school name to Valenzuela City School of Mathematics and Science gained much dispute around the school community. Gatchalian responded saying "The reason is because we do better in math compared to science." DepEd secretary Luistro said, "I'm okay with the name change but I'm more concerned with the substantial changes in the curriculum, the quantity of its graduates and how many of them will take math or science related courses in college." The new name was proposed by city councilor Lorena Natividad-Borja. It was signed by the mayor as City Ordinance No. 120, which includes the enhancement of mathematics program in the new curriculum.

The campus was completed in August 2014, six months after the groundbreaking ceremony, and was inaugurated on September 1, 2014. Luistro praised the city's education program saying, "I am very much impressed by this city's investment in education. Aside from this new city school, Valenzuela City has found solutions for the decongestion of schools within their area through the 'busing system,' by transferring students from one school to another." Gatchalian, during the tour of the newly constructed building, said, "With something as grand as this, we want to stir an interest in mathematics and science among the youth in Valenzuela City."

The four-storey school building is a full Wi-Fi zone and contains 20 classrooms, which can hold 35 to 40 students each, and physics and robotics, speech, computer, chemistry, biology, and mathematics laboratories. Each of the six laboratories is equipped with an interactive Smart Board, while the science (physics and robotics, chemistry, and biology) laboratories have two areas: one for lecture and another for experiments.

Dubbed as the "crown jewel" of the city when it comes to education investments, the Valenzuela City School of Mathematics and Science is said to be envisioned as part of the most high-tech and advanced mathematics and science schools in the Philippines. To keep the building, its facilities, and other tangible concerns proper, the city government assigned personnel to function as building administrators. Classes at the new campus began on September 8, 2014. Luistro said, "My prayer is that Valenzuela City School of Mathematics and Science may produce the best and brightest scientists of the country."

During the school year 2015–2016, the principal Jameson Tan was replaced with Ma. Christina Cedeño Salonga, the former being assigned to Lawang Bato National High School. On July 3, 2018, the principal was replaced by Jaime S. De Vera Jr., and on February 28, 2023, the principal position was transferred to Juliana Tamayo Alvarez, with the former being assigned to Wawang Pulo National High School. A few weeks later, the principal post was switched to the previous setup because apparently, the COVID-19 years in which a person was the principal of the school does not count to the no. of years that a principal serves.

Admission
To be admitted to the Valenzuela City School of Mathematics and Science, the applicant must be a bona fide resident of Valenzuela City; must not have a grade in any subject during his elementary school lower than 85; and must pass the admission exam. Applicants who have obtained at least 85% of the admission test are considered for admission. No students will be allowed to enroll in the next school year unless an average of at least 85% is maintained in all subject areas. According to City Ordinance No. 120, the top two students of each graduating elementary batch of Valenzuela City public schools are exempted from taking the exam and will be automatically admitted to the school, if they choose to accept the offer.

References

External links
 Valenzuela City School of Mathematics and Science

Websites
 (outdated)
 (under construction)

2003 establishments in the Philippines
2014 establishments in the Philippines
Educational institutions established in 2003
Educational institutions established in 2014
Schools in Valenzuela, Metro Manila
Science high schools in Metro Manila
Public schools in Metro Manila


Freeborn Garrettson (August 15, 1752 – September 26, 1827) was an American clergyman, and one of the first American-born Methodist preachers. He entered the Methodist ministry in 1775 and travelled extensively to evangelize in several states. He was called Methodism's "Paul Revere". Garrettson was an outspoken abolitionist.

Early life
Born in 1752 on the west side of the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Susquehanna River in Maryland, what is known today as Bush River Neck, Freeborn Garrettson was the third generation in his family to live there. The Garrettson family owned a large amount of land which included a farm, a general store, and a blacksmith shop. The Garrettson estate was a prosperous property made more valuable by the numerous slave families who ran the various businesses of the estate.

Growing up in a wealthy Anglican family allowed young Garrettson to receive a proper education for the offspring of well-to-do farmers by the standards of the time. The curriculum was rich in religious and social principles. The instruction focused on basic reading, writing, and arithmetic, but also included bookkeeping, surveying and astronomy. He later inherited his parents' plantation and a large number of slaves.

Career

Conversion experience
"'Do you know what a saint is?  A saint is one who is wholly given up to God.' The voice is so real as if someone is talking to me face to face.  The question stirs my heart." This is the beginning of the conversion experience of Freeborn Garrettson.

This audible encounter is not the first divine event for Freeborn Garrettson.  Just prior to the question of knowing what a saint is, he experiences another audible event. The statement which Freeborn Garrettson heard clearly was, "Ask and it shall be given you."  Who was asking? According to the nine-year-old Freeborn Garrettson, these were audible requests from God. Yes, Freeborn Garrettson expressed hearing an audible voice in each of these instances.  Much like the Old Testament character of Joseph, the inspirational events cause him to race home and tell his siblings, even going as far as to predict from an additional encounter that he is going to be a wealthy man someday.  After his "knowing what a saint is" episode, he writes in a journal that he "saw such a person, the most beautiful of any I had ever beheld, I...prayed to the Lord to make me a saint."

Shortly after these supernatural happenings at the age of 10, Freeborn Garrettson faced tragedy. In a series of events, he lost his mother, his sister Sally, and two family servants. This ushered in a sensitivity to depression and melancholy, causing his spiritual yearnings to lie dormant for nearly ten years.

Almost a decade later, the preaching of Methodist itinerants Robert Strawbridge and Joseph Pilmoor serve to awaken the spiritual yearnings in Freeborn Garrettson.  Despite the stellar efforts of these traveling preachers, the completion of the conversion to Christianity of Freeborn Garrettson would not be complete until the active mentoring of the British itinerant, Francis Asbury. By 1776, Freeborn Garrettson became one of Asbury's traveling itinerants.

Anti-slavery stance
Not long after Garrettson inherited several slaves, he freed them. Garrettson wrote that a "voice" moved him to do so. His journals divulge an anti-slavery stance, but do not reveal the extent of his activism. His preaching against slavery resulted in his being thrown in jail in Cambridge, Maryland. A wave of voluntary emancipation mirrored and followed Garrettson's time on the Delmarva peninsula. By 1810, 76% of African Americans in Delaware were free, though slavery remained legal in Delaware.  Garrettson wrote on the issue of slavery, including a published work, "A Dialogue Between Do-Justice and Professing Christian." Garrettson's preaching on the Delmarva led directly to the emancipation of Richard Allen, who upon his return to Philadelphia founded the Bethel Church and then the African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) denomination.

Role in American Methodism
Kenneth E. Rowe's foreword to the book American Methodist Pioneer, which presents Garrettson's journals, begins,"Freeborn Garrettson was unquestionably the most competent native born Methodist preacher in the American colonies in the founding period."

Garrettson first became a Methodist preacher in 1775. Early in his career, he served the faithful of the Delmarva Peninsula. Although he favored the revolutionary cause, he refused to fight in the American Revolution and was placed in jail for a time in Maryland. Most of the Methodist preachers who had come from England before the outbreak of the war returned there once the war began.

He traveled so often and so regularly in the service of Methodism that some came to call him the Methodist Paul Revere.

Missionary in Nova Scotia
In 1784, Garrettson went as a missionary to Nova Scotia, which led to the founding of Methodist congregations in Cape Negro and the free black settlement of Birchtown, Nova Scotia. He followed in the wake of Henry Alline and focused much of his work on the areas where Alline had previously spread Methodism. Garrettson ranged widely throughout Nova Scotia and preached in almost every settlement in the colony. Among other areas that he opened to Methodism was Shelburne, Nova Scotia. Among those he brought into the Methodist fold while in Nova Scotia was James Man.

Movement to New York
In the late 1780s, Garrettson settled in the village of Rhinebeck, New York, to bring Methodism to its inhabitants. He held the first Methodist church services in the Benner House on Mill Street. During Garrettson's time as a minister, Methodism rose from obscurity to a place of importance among American religions.

He married Catherine Livingston in 1793, and they had one daughter.

Methodist leader
Garrettson was ordained a Methodist elder at the 1784 conference in Baltimore where the Methodist Episcopal Church was organized.

Garrettson's preaching ranged from North Carolina to Nova Scotia. He was a firm supporter of centralized control of the Church.

After settling in New York Garrettson continued to be a Methodist circuit rider. He and his wife made their home a regular place for other circuit riders to stop and recuperate.

He died at his estate, Wildercliff, in the village of Rhinebeck, on September 26, 1827.

References

External links
 Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1752 births
1827 deaths
American abolitionists
People from Harford County, Maryland
American slave owners
American Methodist clergy
People from Rhinebeck, New York
Methodist abolitionists


"A Satisfied Mind" is a song written by Joe "Red" Hayes and Jack Rhodes. Hayes explained the origin of the song in an interview: "The song came from my mother. Everything in the song are things I heard her say over the years. I put a lot of thought into the song before I came up with the title. One day my father-in-law asked me who I thought the richest man in the world was, and I mentioned some names. He said, 'You're wrong; it is the man with a satisfied mind.'"

The song has been covered by a variety of well-known artists.

Notable covers
Porter Wagoner charted at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs list in 1955.
Red and Betty Foley charted at No. 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs list in 1955.
Jean Shepard charted at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs list in 1955.
Ella Fitzgerald on 1955 album The First Lady of Song (Decca) The most impressive version in the pop market, the single reached No. 25 on the "Music Vendor" Top 100, with 15 weeks in the chart.
John McCutcheon on 1987 album Gonna Rise Again
Cowboy Copas on his 1962 album Opry Star Spotlight (Starday)
Hamilton Camp on his 1964 album Paths of Victory (Elektra)
Joan Baez on her 1965 album Farewell, Angelina; later appeared on her 1979 compilation Satisfied Mind.
The Byrds on their 1965 album Turn! Turn! Turn!.
Glen Campbell B-side of a 1966 single (A-side: "Can't You See I'm Trying"), added to the 1971 Pickwick re-release of his 1962 album Big Bluegrass Special: A Satisfied Mind
Ian and Sylvia on their 1966 album Play One More (Vanguard)
Bobby Hebb's 1966 revival peaked at No. 39 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 40 on the Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles Chart.
Bob Dylan and The Band, recorded in 1967, released in 2014 on The Bootleg Series Vol. 11: The Basement Tapes Complete.
Dylan also recorded the song for his 1980 album Saved
The International Submarine Band on their 1968 album Safe at Home.
Goose Creek Symphony on their eponymous 1970 album
Tim Hardin on his 1971 album Bird on a Wire
Dallas Holm on his 1971 album "For Teens Only”
Sonny James on his 1973 album If She Helps Me Get Over You
 Roy Drusky on 1973 single. It peaked at No. 25 on US country and 38 on Canada country, making it his last top forty on the charts.
Faron Young recorded it as the title track to his 1973 album, Satisfied Mind. Red Hayes toured with Faron Young and Vassar Clements on their 1973 UK Tour, and died on stage on March 2, 1973, in Manchester UK.
John Martyn on his 1975 album Sunday's Child
Bryan Bowers on his 1977 album The View From Home
David Allan Coe on his 1977 album Texas Moon
 Lucinda Williams on her 1978 album Ramblin'
The Ozark Mountain Daredevils on their 1978 album "It's Alive". They also recorded a studio version in 1972, later released on their compilation of previously unreleased early recordings The Lost Cabin Sessions.
Lindsey Buckingham on his 1981 album Law and Order
 Jonathan Richman on his 1990 album Jonathan Goes Country
The Walkabouts on their 1993 album Satisfied Mind
Danny Gatton on his 1993 album Cruisin' Deuces
Jeff Buckley on his 1998 posthumous album Sketches (for My Sweetheart the Drunk) The recording was made for a 1992 Radio Session, and had been played at Jeff Buckley's funeral in 1997, which Buckley's mother Mary Guibert mentions as the reason it was included on the collection.
 Eric Bibb on his 1999 album Spirit & The Blues
Marty Stuart & His Fabulous Superlatives on their 2003 album Country Music
Blind Boys of Alabama on the 2004 album There Will Be a Light along with Ben Harper
Johnny Cash at first being exclusive on Kill Bill Vol 2 soundtrack (2004) until his posthumously released album American VI: Ain't No Grave (2010)
Daniel O'Donnell on his 2009 album, Peace in the Valley
Justin Vernon from Bon Iver on his collaboration with the Eau Claire Memorial Jazz I ensemble on the 2009 live benefit album A Decade With Duke
Rosanne Cash, featuring Neko Case, a bonus track on the iTunes version of her 2009 album, The List
Willie Nelson on his 2010 album Country Music and his 2011 album Remember Me, Vol. 1
Donna Loren on her 2010 album Love It Away
My Bubba on their 2011 album How it's Done in Italy
Robert Plant and the Band of Joy in the 2012 Live from the Artists Den
Kelly Keeling on his CD Knollwood Drive
 Lee Ann Womack on her 2014 album The Way I'm Livin'
 Eilen Jewell as a single in 2020''

References

Songs written by Jack Rhodes
The Byrds songs
Bob Dylan songs
Johnny Cash songs
Glen Campbell songs
Porter Wagoner songs
Red Foley songs
Jean Shepard songs
Year of song missing


The isotopic shift (also called isotope shift) is the shift in various forms of spectroscopy that occurs when one nuclear isotope is replaced by another.

NMR spectroscopy
In NMR spectroscopy, Isotopic effects on chemical shifts are typically small, far less than 1 ppm the typical unit for measuring shifts.  The  NMR signals for  and  ("HD") are readily distinguished in terms of their chemical shifts.  The asymmetry of the signal for the "protio" impurity in  arises from the differing chemical shifts of  and .

Vibrational spectra
Isotopic shifts are best known and most widely used in vibration spectroscopy where the shifts are large, being proportional to the ratio of the square root of the isotopic masses.  In the case of hydrogen, the "H-D shift" is (1/2)1/2 or 1/1.41.  Thus, the (totally symmetric) C-H vibration for  and  occur at 2917 cm−1 and 2109 cm−1, respectively.  This shift reflects the differing reduced mass for the affected bonds.

Atomic spectra
Isotope shifts in atomic spectra are minute differences between the electronic energy levels of isotopes of the same element. They are the focus of a multitude of theoretical and experimental efforts due to their importance for atomic and nuclear physics. If atomic spectra also have hyperfine structure the shift refers to the center of gravity of the spectra.

From a nuclear physics perspective, isotope shifts combine different precise atomic physics probes for studying nuclear structure, and their main use is nuclear-model-independent determination of charge-radii differences.

Two effects contribute to this shift:

Mass effects
The mass difference (mass shift), which dominates the isotope shift of light elements. It is traditionally divided to a normal mass shift (NMS) resulting from the change in the reduced electronic mass, and a specific-mass-shift (SMS) which is present in multi-electron atoms and ions.

The NMS is a purely kinematical effect, studied theoretically by Hughes and Eckart. It can be formulated as follows:

In a theoretical model of atom, which have a infinitely massive nucleus, the energy (in wavenumbers) of a transition can be calculated from Rydberg formula

where  and  are principal quantum numbers, and  is Rydberg constant.

However, for a nucleus with finite mass , reduced mass is used in the expression of Rydberg constant instead of mass of electron:

With two isotopes with atomic mass approximately  and , then the difference in the energies of the same transition is

The above equations imply that such mass shift is greatest for hydrogen and deuterium since their mass ratio is the largest .

The effect of the specific mass shift was first observed in the spectrum of neon isotopes by Nagaoka and Mishima.

Considering the kinetic energy operator in Schrödinger equation of multi-electron atoms,

For a stationary atom, the conservation of momentum gives

Therefore, the kinetic energy operator becomes

Ignoring the second term, then the rest two terms in equation can be combined and original mass term need to be replaced by the reduced mass , and this gives the normal mass shift formulated above.

The second term in the kinetic term gives an additional isotope shift in spectral lines known as specific mass shift, giving

Using perturbation theory, the first order energy shift can be calculated as

which requires the knowledge of accurate many-electron wave function. Due to the  term in the expression, the specific mass shift also decrease as  as mass of nucleus increase, same as normal mass shift.

Volume effects
The volume difference (field shift) dominates the isotope shift of heavy elements. This difference induces a change in the electric charge distribution of the nucleus. The phenomenon was described theoretically by Pauli and Peierls. Adopting a simplified picture, the change in an energy level resulting from the volume difference is proportional to the change in total electron probability density at the origin times the mean-square charge radius difference.

For a simple nuclear model of an atom where the nuclear charge is distributed uniformly in a sphere with radius  where A is the atomic mass number and  is a constant.

Similarly, calculating the electrostatic potential of an ideal charge density uniformly distributed in a sphere, the nuclear electrostatic potential is

Then the unperturbed Hamiltonian is subtracted, the perturbation is the difference of the potential in the above equation and Coulomb potential .

Such a purterbation of the atomic system neglects all other potential effect like relativistic corrections. Using the perturbation theory (quantum mechanics), the first-order energy shift due to such perturbation is

Since the wave function  has radial and angular parts, and the perturbation has no angular dependence so the spherical harmonic normalize integral over the unit sphere

Since the radius of nuclues  is small, and within such a small region , the following approximation is valid . And at , only the s sublevel is left, so . Integration gives

The explicit form for hydrogenic wave function gives .

In an real experiment, the difference of this energy shift of different isotopes  is measured. These isotopes have nuclear radius difference . Differentiation of the above equation gives the first order in .

The above equation confirms that the volume effect is more significant for hydrogenic atoms with larger Z, which explains why volume effects dominates the isotope shift of heavy elements.

See also
Kinetic isotope effect
Magnetic isotope effect

References

Emission spectroscopy


The National Transport Trust is a British registered charity founded in 1965 as the Transport Trust, the name was changed to reflect the national remit and coverage of its activities. The Trust acts as a hub for the transport preservation movement, providing advice and assistance, organizing public events and working to secure suitable accommodation and maintenance facilities for historic items.

Objectives

The Trust is a registered charity that supports restoration campaigns and projects; the organisation additionally offers legal and technical advice to the UK Government and various conservation groups and bodies, such as the Heritage Lottery Fund. It presents annual restoration awards and has a particular mission to encourage young people to take part in restoration projects. The Trust's Patron is Her Royal Highness Anne, Princess Royal.

Pressures on heritage preservation

The Heritage Lottery Fund commissioned the Transport Trust to assess pressures on the transport heritage movement, the state of artefacts and their locations, to help them prioritize applications for funding support. The resulting 145-page report, "Transport Heritage: An Assessment of Needs & Potential", provides a unique snapshot of the health of the transport preservation movement in Britain. It is estimated that audiences and participants in heritage transport activities exceed 15 million people a year, making it one of Britain's most important leisure activities. Britain's particularly rich transport history has no doubt played a catalytic role in building up this level of grassroots participation.

Surprisingly, although there are good collections of artefacts in public sector museums, it is the private sector preservationists that have made the most significant contribution to conservation and to the provision of the active enjoyment of transport to the public. A significant example is the restoration of the Avro Vulcan XH558 to flight status, among the most complex restoration projects ever undertaken globally; the project remained funded entirely by public donations, for which the Chief Executive of the Vulcan to the Sky Trust, Dr. Robert Pleming, was presented the Transport Trust Preservationist of The Year award, by Prince Michael of Kent. Dr. Pleming is now a Trustee of the National Transport Trust.

Aviation
The widespread preservation of aircraft in the UK began in the 1960s, when a large number of obsolete military aircraft became available. A push to co-ordinate the movement led to the founding of the British Aviation Preservation Council (BAPC) in 1967; however, very few private collections are represented. Although over 2,500 aircraft survive and are capable of preservation, little progress has been made to develop a clear preservation strategy, with 4% within the highest grade and as many as 26% within the second kept outside. Historically, insufficient attention has also been paid to preserving airfield architecture; however, the designation in 2007 of Duxford Aerodrome as a Conservation Area will help preserve a virtually intact site, first established as a Royal Flying Corps base in 1916 and fully operational as an RAF base until 1961. This Battle of Britain airfield, home to Douglas Bader's Big Wing experiments and the first RAF base to receive the Supermarine Spitfire, now houses the Imperial War Museum Duxford; the facility remains the largest center of European aviation history, home to the largest collection of American aircraft outside of the US.

The key needs for the aviation category are: to prioritize individual aircraft for preservation; to move middle grade airframes into hangarage; to pay greater attention to civil aircraft; and to deal with pressing gaps in conservation skills.

Buses and coaches
There are approximately 4,000 buses and coaches in preservation, of which some 45% are in a recognized collection or museum, private or public; however, among the entirety of the vehicles in preservation, less than 30% are restored. Most in museums are from the 1950s and 1960s, with only 10% from before 1940; however, over 80% of the total are owned by private individuals. With little support they have been responsible for the majority of bus conservation. Little progress has been made in prioritizing this assortment, which is scattered all over the country and concentrated within small quantities in the cities.

The key needs for the bus and coach category are: the completion of a category register of preserved buses as a prelude to introducing a grading system; a strategy for accommodating at least the most important vehicles under cover (presently 50% of all preserved buses are stored in the open); the conservation of the most important vehicles; facilities for improved public access and education; and an archive of papers, ephemera and small artefacts which might otherwise disappear.

Railways

With over 400 miles of track, nearly 600 stations and about 150 locations around the country, heritage railways and the items in museums represent a large investment. Amassing a combined annual turnover in excess of £30 million and around 9 million passengers a year, they form a prime element of the British leisure industry. Incredibly, over 1,000 steam engines survive, though less than 20% are operable at any one time, due to the high cost of overhaul. In addition, over 700 diesel locomotives and about 150 passenger units are in preservation, together with a small number of electric units. Over 3,000 passenger carriages and 2,500 freight vehicles are also held in various states of conservation. The Heritage Railway Association provides support and advice to heritage lines, with the busiest heritage line in Britain remaining the North Yorkshire Moors Railway; the Moors Railway operates over 100 days a year, over the bulk of the 24-mile trackbed constructed by George Stephenson and opened in 1836.

The key needs for the railways category are: a grading system for vehicles and lines to focus funding on the most worthy among these; safe access for the public to workshops and sheds to increase visitor appeal; covered accommodation for both restoration work and carriage storage; a concerted effort to conserve electric trains; support for private enthusiast restoration projects to increase capacity; and the storage of archives to minimize losses of priceless records.

Maritime
This diverse and scattered category is highly dependent on private individuals. Only canal and inland waterways craft have a degree of structure, largely because of their links with the waterways. Others such as fishing boats, lifeboats and traditional river craft, are found all round the UK; most boats are privately owned and the majority are sailable. In museums, smaller vessels are typically overshadowed by larger ones, with steam possessing a strong following. There are an estimated number of approximately 500 small boats of major historical importance which remain designated for preservation; their interests are managed by a plethora of umbrella organizations, to which the National Maritime Museum is attempting to bring a degree of co-ordination. The National Small Boat Register, managed by the National Maritime Museum Cornwall, maintains listings of over 1,200 small craft (under 12m/40 ft.) that embrace rarity, historic and cultural value; Advisory Committee for National Historic Ships maintains a register of larger historic vessels [over 10.1m/33 ft.] that have demonstrably strong UK associations.

The key needs for the maritime category are: a common grading system across the category. in order to prioritize conservation efforts; the enhancement of the preservation of the 500 small craft of significant heritage importance, primarily via relatively modest supporting sums; more training in traditional skills; and safe storage, where boats at risk could be placed pending restoration.

General conclusions
Despite the rich diversity of Britain's transport heritage, there are many common threads. Strategic leadership and vision is vital, and umbrella organizations can play a vital role. Undercover storage is also critical for artefacts that have long exceeded their envisaged working lives. And, finally, since transport is appreciated most when used, many irreplaceable historical relics are wearing out and should be replaced by working replicas.

Red Wheel programme

The Trust runs a scheme that creates and places Red Wheel transport heritage plaques; these are generally assigned especially important and unusual sites of transport heritage. Over 115 Red Wheel Heritage Site plaques have been unveiled; the Trust is open to nominations for Red Wheel plaques at sites which would otherwise be ignored or their value underappreciated by members of the public.

References

External links

 National Transport Trust
 National Transport Trust Red Wheel sites
 British Aviation Preservation Council
 North Yorkshire Moors Railway
 National Maritime Museum
 National Maritime Museum Cornwall

Industrial archaeology
Preservation (library and archival science)
Heritage railways in the United Kingdom
Conservation in the United Kingdom
Museums in the United Kingdom


T17 may refer to:

Armored vehicles
 T17 Deerhound, an American six-wheeled armored car
 T17E1 Staghound, an American four-wheeled armored car
 T-17 tank, a Soviet tankette

Aviation
 English Electric Canberra T.17, a British trainer aircraft
 New Gulf Airport, in Wharton County, Texas, United States
 SAAB-MFI T-17, a Danish trainer aircraft
 Thorp T-17, an American aircraft prototype

Rail and transit

Lines
 T17 line, of the Stockholm Metro
 T17/18 Beijing-Mudanjiang Through Train

Stations
 Kasai Station, Tokyo, Japan
 Miyakojima Station, Osaka, Japan
 Ōyachi Station (Hokkaido), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
 Ueda Station (Nagoya), Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
 Uzumasa Tenjingawa Station, Kyoto, Japan
 Zōda Station, Sanuki, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan

Weapons
 Shansi Type 17, a Chinese pistol
 T17E3, an American autocannon

Other uses
 Estonian national road 17

See also
 Type 17 (disambiguation)


Morpho lympharis, the Lympharis morpho, is a Neotropical butterfly found in Peru and Bolivia.

Description
Morpho lympharis is a large butterfly. The crystal-clear wings are suffused blue or iridescent pink. The reverse side is decorated with a row of ocelli.

Morpho lympharis replaces M. portis in the Andean region, but has hitherto only been found in Peru and was described from Paucartambo Province. The male above somewhat darker blue than M. aega and with subapical white punctiform spots on the forewing. Underside of both wings with three ocelli, of which the apical and the two intermediate ones are elongate-oval in shape. Otherwise as M. portis.

Taxonomy
Blandin (1993), considers Morpho lympharis conspecific with Morpho sulkowskyi and that it is one of a north-south succession of subspecies spread from Colombia to Bolivia. Lamas (2004) considers that there are two species, M. sulkowskyi ranging from Colombia to central Peru, and M. lympharis, ranging from central Peru to Bolivia.

Habitat
Morpho sulkowskyi and Morpho lympharis uniquely occupy Tropical Andes cloud forests, at altitudes between 1500 and 3500 m.

References

Le Moult (E.) & Réal (P.), 1962-1963. Les Morpho d'Amérique du Sud et Centrale, Editions du cabinet entomologique E. Le Moult, Paris.

External links
"Morpho Fabricius, 1807" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms showing taxonomy and subspecies
Butterflies of America Images of type and other specimens.

Morpho
Nymphalidae of South America
Butterflies described in 1873
Taxa named by Arthur Gardiner Butler


Robert P. Alexander (November 26, 1904 – August 24, 1985) of Washington, D.C., was a collector and expert on Japanese classic postage stamps.

Collecting interests
Although his collecting interests covered the entire scope of stamps and postal history of Japan, he studied and became expert in certain issues, such as the Dragon issues.

Philatelic activity
Alexander wrote articles on specific aspects and postal issues of Japanese philately. He was a founder of the International Society for Japanese Philately in 1946 and once served as its president during his forty years with the society. He was also editor and contributor to Japanese Philately from 1950 to 1955.

Honors and awards
Robert Alexander was inducted into the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 1986.

See also
 Philately
 Philatelic literature

References
 Robert P. Alexander at APS Hall of Fame

1904 births
1985 deaths
Philatelic literature
American philatelists
People from Washington, D.C.
American Philatelic Society


The Southern Sydney Sharks is a Rugby league team that competed in the 2008 Jim Beam Cup competition, this was their only season in the competition to date, with the team renaming themselves as the Southern Districts Rebels before folding the following season. The Sharks home ground was Sutherland Oval.

In the Sharks first and only season, they managed to win six matches, their best performance being a 41-12 win over Chester Hill Rhinos, their leading try scorer was Sharlon Taki with 18, Mitch Mahon was the leading point scorer with 9, they were coached by former NRL player Luke Goodwin.

See also

Rugby league in New South Wales

References

External links

Rugby league teams in New South Wales
Rugby league teams in Sydney
Rugby clubs established in 1953
1953 establishments in Australia


Reiner Kurth (born 20 July 1951) is an East German sprint canoeist who competed in the early 1970s. He won a gold medal in the K-2 1000 m event at the 1971 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Belgrade.

Kurth also finished fourth in the K-2 1000 m event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

References

Sports-reference.com profile

1951 births
Canoeists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
German male canoeists
Living people
Olympic canoeists for East Germany
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak


Raymond William Reed (30 April 1932 – 8 May 1970) was a Rhodesian racing driver born in Gwelo, Southern Rhodesia. He was entered in the 1965 South African Grand Prix in his self-built RE-Alfa Romeo, but did not take part and had earlier participated in the non-championship 1964 Rand Grand Prix. Reed was killed along with his three children in an aircraft accident on 8 May 1970 near Nottingham Road, Natal in South Africa. He had been deemed to be flying in weather conditions under which he was not qualified or legally permitted to fly.

Racing record

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

Non-championship Formula One results
(key)

References

Profile at ManipeF1.com
Profile at StatsF1.com

White Rhodesian people
1965 deaths
Sportspeople from Gweru
Rhodesian Formula One drivers
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in South Africa
1932 births


Alexander Slatnow (September 29, 1950 – May 21, 2003) was an East German sprint canoeist who competed in the early to mid-1970s. He won two gold medals in the K-2 1000 m event at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, earning them in 1971 and 1975.

Slatnow also finished fourth in the K-2 1000 m event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

References

1950 births
2003 deaths
Canoeists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
German male canoeists
Olympic canoeists for East Germany
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak


The Peyret-Mauboussin PM XI was a French high-wing touring aircraft of the early 1930s.

Development
The PM XI was designed by Peyret-Mauboussin as a Salmson-engined two-seat touring and sporting aircraft of wooden construction, an enlarged and more powerful development of the single-seat Peyret-Mauboussin PM X. Two examples were built.

Operational history
Two PM.XIs were built in parallel. The airframe c/n 02 was finished first and first flew on 9 July 1930. It was registered as F-AJUL. c/n 01 F-AKFD was ordered by the French Service Technique.

In July F-AJUL took part in the Challenge International de Tourisme 1930 touring aircraft contest, piloted by Charles Fauvel, but damaged a landing gear in a compulsory landing. By November one was flying at their Orly base and the other was under test for its CoA at Villacoublay. F-AJUL was later flown by Rene Lefevre from Paris to Tananarive, Madagascar, between 1 and 14 December 1931. The total distance flown was 11,000 km at an average speed of 120 km/hour. He also flew it, after fitting extra tankage in the cabin, from Paris to Saigon in 10 days during December 1932, a distance of . The return trip in February 1933 took 8 days.

This aircraft is stored without wings at the Musee Castel-Mauboussin at Cuers-Pierrefeu airfield near Toulon in southern France, and can be viewed by prior permission.

Specifications

References
Notes

Bibliography

The Mauboussin M.11 Monoplane in Flight, January 15, 1932, p. 48

External links

Aviafrance

Peyret aircraft
Mauboussin aircraft
1930s French civil utility aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930


The Realpha, also known as RE, was a Rhodesian Formula One racing car. The car was built by Ray Reed at his base in Gwelo, and was structurally based on a Cooper. Like many South African home-built Formula One cars of the time, it was fitted with an Alfa Romeo Giulietta engine.

Under the "Ray's Engineering" banner, Reed entered the car in the non-championship Rand Grand Prix Formula One event in South Africa in late 1964, but retired due to an engine failure during the first heat. He also entered the 1965 South African Grand Prix, but the entry was withdrawn before the race when Reed was killed in an air crash.

The car later appeared at the 1966 Rhodesian Grand Prix, the last round of that year's South African Drivers Championship, entered by local driver Peter Huson, but he retired from the race after an accident.

Results

Complete Formula One World Championship results

Complete Formula One non-championship results

Complete South African Drivers Championship results

References

Formula One constructors
Zimbabwean racecar constructors


T18 may refer to:

Aircraft
 Slingsby T.18 Hengist, a British glider
 Thorp T-18, an American homebuilt aircraft

Armoured vehicles
 T18 Boarhound, an American armoured car
 T18 Howitzer Motor Carriage，an American self-propelled gun
 T-18 tank, a Soviet tank

Rail and transit

Lines
 Annapolis Road Line, of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority
 T18 line, of the Stockholm Metro
 T17/18 Beijing-Mudanjiang Through Train

Rolling stock
 GER Class T18, a British steam locomotive
 Prussian T 18, a tank locomotive
 Tatra T18, a Czehoslovak draisine

Stations
 Hara Station (Nagoya), Aichi, Japan
 Hibarigaoka Station (Hokkaido), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
 Orange Town Station, Sanuki, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan
 Tenjimbashisuji Rokuchōme Station, Osaka, Japan
 Urayasu Station (Chiba), Japan

Other
 Edwards syndrome, or trisomy 18
 Estonian national road 18

 Toyota T-18, a Toyota Corolla model sold in Australia


Jo Maeder is an American writer and voiceover artist.

Biography
Maeder is the author of the memoir When I Married My Mother. She has written for The New York Times, Vanity Fair, and More Magazine. In 1977, after spotting station bumper stickers and giving away prizes as Y100/Miami's "Y-onic Woman", she became their first female disc jockey, and one of the first female Top 40 DJs in the United States. Her air name was "The Madame." She was the first woman in that market to host a morning drive radio program: "Up and At 'Em with the Madame" on WINZ-FM/I-95. In 1984 she joined Jay Thomas as co-host of the WKTU/New York morning show. On July 13, 1985, WKTU became WXRK/K-Rock and she became known as "The Rock and Roll Madame". In addition to playing classic rock, she hosted "Knockin' On Dylan's Door", a weekly show that showcased and discussed the music of Bob Dylan, and "Bluesbreakers" that highlighted several blues songs. Her show often followed Howard Stern's in the six more years she remained with the station. In 1993 she co-hosted a talk show on WABC as herself, and in 1995 she joined Z100 using her real name.  From 1995 to 2000 she taught a course on radio for N.Y.U.'s continuing education department. Her interview subjects included Bob Marley, Michael Jackson, Willie Dixon, Stevie Ray Vaughan, George Michael, the Bee Gees and many more.

On April 13, 2011, she organized and hosted the first Triad "Bookup" at Bin 33 restaurant in Greensboro, NC, to "promote long-form reading in a short-form world." The public was invited to show up with any book of their choosing and read it to themselves. Maya Angelou issued a statement supporting the concept.

Opposites Attack was published April 22, 2013. Her novel Naked DJ, based on her long radio career, was published May 18, 2016. Zerk 'Em and Pull the Push Rods: A Wry Squint at Aviation in the Mid-20th Century was co-authored with her late father 33 years after his passing and published September 25, 2018.

On August 21, 2012, Maeder opened Mama Jo's House of Dolls on collectibles site Ruby Lane to find homes for her mother's vast doll collection. While all dolls were sold, many can be seen on the Facebook page for the shop and Pinterest page. Her essay about the pain and joy of doing this appeared in The New York Times on May 9, 2013. A short film about the dolls, Jacob Rosdail's ''The Doll Dilemma', was shown in several film festivals.

She is a licensed auctioneer and fundraising consultant for charity benefits nationwide.

References

Sources
McColl, Katy. Should I Do What I Love?: Or Do What I Do - So I Can Do What I Love on the Side? p. 140-142, Sasquatch Books, 2005.
Princeton Review. The Internship Bible, p. 272, Princeton Review, 2004.

External links
 http://www.jomaeder.com
 Author Interview at Mother Daughter Book Club.com
http://www.perseusbooksgroup.com/dacapo/book_detail.jsp?isbn=0306817950
 https://www.amazon.com/When-Married-Mother-Daughters-Matters/dp/0306817950/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1295214296&sr=1-1
 http://www.news-record.com/content/2011/04/06/article/booklovers_welcome_to_sit_and_read
 http://www.gsotweetup.com/2011/04/meet-who-you-tweet-jomaeder-and-thebookup/
 http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2016/05/bob-marley-interview-death-anniversary

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American women writers
American radio personalities
21st-century American women


The Poets and Poetry of America was a popular anthology of American poetry collected by American literary critic and editor Rufus Wilmot Griswold. It was first published in 1842 and went into several editions throughout the 19th century.

Background
Rufus Griswold had begun work as a critic working for the New York Tribune and Philadelphia's Daily Standard and earned his reputation as a vindictive and savage literary critic. He was also a proponent of American poetry. He claimed to have read every American poem published before 1850—an estimated 500 volumes. His nationalism was well known. Publisher Evert Augustus Duyckinck noted that "the thought [of a national literature] seems to have entered and taken possession of [Griswold's] mind with the force of monomania". His anthology was part of his ongoing efforts to promote distinctly American poetry.

Publication history

Philadelphia publishers Carey & Hart wrote to Griswold in New York on April 18, 1842, "We have at last published the 'Poets & Poetry of America' & a handsome Book it is". The anthology was 476 pages and collected poems from over 80 authors, including 17 by Lydia Sigourney, three by Edgar Allan Poe, and 45 by Charles Fenno Hoffman. It gave prominent space to some of the most popular poets of the day, including Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and William Cullen Bryant. The collection was dedicated to Washington Allston.

The book proved popular enough that it went through three editions within only six months. A minor poet from Virginia named Daniel Bryan wrote of his disbelief at the rapidity with which the book went into new editions. "Is there not some of the 'trickery of trade' in this?—What was the am[ount] of the 1st edition—and may not the 2nd ed. have been printed at the same time the 1st was?" After Griswold's death, Richard Henry Stoddard revised the book and issued several new editions later in the 19th century.

Critical response

The Poets and Poetry of America was the most comprehensive of its kind up to that period. After its release, it was called "the most valuable publication of the season" in the April 23, 1842, issue of the Saturday Evening Post. Critic Lewis Gaylord Clark considered it important to "become incorporated into the permanent undying literature of our age and nation".

Some critics, however, did not agree with Griswold's selections. The Albany, New York-based Poet's Magazine criticized the "undue prominence" granted to lesser poetasters, including Edgar Poe. Charles Fenno Hoffman, for example, was a friend of Griswold and, despite having little literary reputation, was granted twice as much space as any other poet. Responding to the idea that The Poets and Poetry of America represented the best that the United States had to offer, one British editor concluded, "with two or three exceptions, there is not a poet of mark in the whole Union". Modern scholars have dismissed the anthology as a "graveyard of poets" because many of the writers collected are now virtually unknown. Literary historian Fred Lewis Pattee called the book a "collection of poetic trash" and "voluminous worthlessness".

In his day, The Poets and Poetry of America propelled Griswold to a national spotlight in the 1840s and 1850s. His success led to future anthologies, including Gems from American Female Poets (1842), The Poets and Poetry of England in the Nineteenth Century (1844), The Poets and Poetry of England (1845), Prose Writers of America (1847), and The Female Poets of America (1848).

References

External links

"Griswold's American Poetry" by Edgar A. Poe from The Boston Miscellany, November 1842
Scanned books of original editions via Internet Archive and Google Books:
The Poets and Poetry of America
The Poets and Poetry of England in the Nineteenth Century
Prose Writers of America
The Female Poets of America

Poetry anthologies
1842 books
American poetry collections


Established in 1967 by Dennis Cross, Gul produces watersports apparel. Products include wetsuits, jackets, bodyboards, buoyancy aids, and life jackets.

History

Gul was founded by Dennis Cross after realising there was a need for a solution to the cold Atlantic waters. After making a makeshift wetsuit, Cross decided to produce the suits on a larger and more professional scale.  This resulted in the establishment of the company in 1967.

Gul is credited with pioneering the first one-piece wetsuit in 1974/75. It was first nicknamed "the steamer" because of the steam given off from the suit once taken off allowing heat held inside to escape. Further expansion was given to the company when windsurfing was introduced in the mid-1970s, as wetsuits are ideal for the sport. Gul started to diversify in the 1980s when it introduced its first watch, and later moved into other watersports including sailing, kayaking, wakeboarding, kitesurfing, and more.

In 2015 the Gul brand was acquired by Sports Direct subsidiaries Gul IP Limited and Brand Holdings Limited.

Headquarters
In 1996 Gul moved to a new  factory in Bodmin costing around £2 million. In 2011 Gul moved to a nearby location of a smaller size.

References

External links

Clothing brands of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Cornwall
Clothing companies established in 1967
Sportswear brands
Surfwear brands
1967 establishments in England
Sports Direct