A total lunar eclipse took place on Saturday, September 16, 1978, the second of two total lunar eclipses in 1978. The Moon was plunged into darkness for 1 hour, 18 minutes and 39 seconds, in a deep total eclipse which saw the Moon 32.683% of its diameter inside the Earth's umbral shadow. The visual effect of this depends on the state of the Earth's atmosphere, but the Moon may have been stained a deep red colour. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours, 27 minutes and 11.6 seconds in total.

This is the 40th member of Lunar Saros 127. The previous event is the September 1960 lunar eclipse. The next event is the September 1996 lunar eclipse.

Visibility
It was completely visible in east in South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia, seen rising over east in South America and setting over the Pacific (west of International Date Line), on September 17, 1978 local time.

Related lunar eclipses

Eclipses in 1978
 A total lunar eclipse on Friday, 24 March 1978.
 A partial solar eclipse on Friday, 7 April 1978.
 A total lunar eclipse on Saturday, 16 September 1978.
 A partial solar eclipse on Monday, 2 October 1978.

Lunar year series

Tritos series

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of Solar Saros 134.

Saros series
Lunar saros series 127, repeating every 18 years and 11 days, has a total of 72 lunar eclipse events including 54 umbral lunar eclipses (38 partial lunar eclipses and 16 total lunar eclipses). Solar Saros 134 interleaves with this lunar saros with an event occurring every 9 years 5 days alternating between each saros series.

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

1978-09
1978 in science
September 1978 events


The 113th Engineer Battalion is an Engineer unit of the Indiana Army National Guard with a record of accomplishment in both peace and war. Their missions include providing sustained engineer support across the full spectrum of military operations and engineering. The 113th Engineer Battalion traces its lineage to the 1st Separate Battalion Engineers in 1917.

The Battalion nickname is "Ironmen."

Current units
 Headquarters and Headquarters Company
 Forward Support Company
 713th Company (Sapper)
 1313th Company (Horizontal Construction)
 1413th Company (Vertical Construction)

Transformation
With the Army Structure (ARSTRUC) announcement, 113th Engineer Battalion realigned into the Echelon Above Brigade formation while retaining its heraldry and name, aligned under the 219th Engineer Brigade, 38th Infantry Division.

Unit History

World War I

Prior to 1917, the United States Army was smaller than 13 of the nations already involved in the War. On the day the United States entered the War, the Army consisted of 127,151 Soldiers supplemented by 181,620 National Guardsmen. To build a proper Army, Congress approved a $3 billion budget and passed the Selective Service Act of 1917. 4 million men were drafted into service, and the Army expanded significantly. New units were activated, and existing units were reassigned to meet the Army's needs.
Among these new units was the 38th Infantry Division, previously the 17th Division, activated as a National Guard Division in August 1917. National Guard units from Indiana, Kentucky, and West Virginia were transported to Camp Shelby, Mississippi.
On 16 September 1917, Company M of 3rd Regiment (sans Officers), Kentucky Infantry was designated the 1st Separate Battalion Engineers and assigned to the 38th Infantry Division. Training began in October 1917, and continued for the next ten months. During this training, the unit was redesignated the 113th Engineer Regiment.
Once their training was completed, the 113th arrived in France in October 1918, during the height of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. While most of the 38th ID was stripped down to serve as replacements for units already in combat, the 113th Engineers assisted in constructing bases and infrastructure for the American Expeditionary Forces, of which nearly 10,000 soldiers were still arriving every day. From Brest, France, the 113th and other engineering units built nearly 1,000 miles of standard-gauge tracks and over 100,000 miles of telephone and telegraph lines.
After Armistice Day, 11 November 1918, the 38th Infantry Division was assigned to the city of Konz in Allied-occupied Rhineland. There they remained until they returned to the United States in Spring of 1919.

Interwar Period (1919–41)
After returning home, the 113th entered an inactive status while the United States rapidly demobilized and returned to a peacetime footing. However, the experiences of the War convinced the War Department and Congress to retain a reserve structure to improve America's readiness in future wars. A series of Amendments to the National Defense Act of 1916 included adding the National Guard to the Regular Army's structure when in federal service. The names, numbers, flags, and records of the divisions that served in World War I, including the 113th Engineers, were to be preserved for future use.
The 113th was transitioned back to active status in 1921 as the 113th Engineer Combat Regiment. By November 1921 the Indiana National Guard had approximately 4,000 actively drilling National Guardsmen. By March 1923, the 38th Infantry Division Headquarters was federally recognized and established in Indianapolis. It was at this time that the 76th Infantry Brigade, the 139th and 150th Field Artillery Regiments, and the 113th Engineer Regiment were allotted solely to Indiana.

In the coming decades, the 113th Engineers served during the Ohio River flood of 1937, assisting in evacuation efforts and building more than seventy storage reservoirs to reduce Ohio River flood heights, a project that would continue into the early 1940s. The 113th also served with other National Guard units in Wisconsin during the 1940 Armistice Day Blizzard, assisting in rescue efforts for survivors trapped in 27 inches of snow, as well as rebuilding the telegraph/telephone poles and buildings that had been damaged in the 50–80 mph winds.

As France fell to Nazi Germany, and tensions continued to grow with Imperial Japan, the 38th Infantry Division was once again ordered into federal service.
The 113th Engineers were mobilized on 17 January 1941 as the 113th Engineer Combat Battalion, and began their training at Camp Shelby. Eleven months later, Imperial Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, and the United States entered World War II.

Training for World War II
The 38th Infantry Division continued to train for three more years, before embarking to Hawaii on 3 January 1944, arriving on 17 January. There the 113th Engineers were assigned to the defense of Oahu and received jungle training. In July 1944, the 38th embarked to New Guinea. From July to November 1944, they conducted final combat rehearsals, made realistic by the presence of Japanese soldiers bypassed during the Western New Guinea campaign.
With rehearsals complete, the 38th sailed for Leyte, landing in December 1944. The 113th Engineers brought with them 400 tons of assault and pioneering equipment, 140 tons of 30-day engineer supplies, and a complete "Bailey Bridge" unit weighing over 89 tons. For two months the 113th Engineers assisted in the defense of Leyte, including defending Buri, Bayug, and San Pablo airstrips from Japanese paratroopers until 4 January 1945.

Philippines Campaign

The 38th then embarked for Luzon, the largest island of the Philippines and the site of the Bataan Death March three years earlier. The 113th Engineers landed in the Zambales Province without any opposition on 29 January. For the next two days, they assisted in securing and building defensive structures at the San Marcelino airstrip and the port facilities at Olongapo, as well as the Grande Island in Subic Bay after a separate amphibious landing. While the 151st Infantry Regiment secured Subic Bay, the 152nd Infantry Regiment and 113th Engineers were given the mission to drive eastward along an irregular and unimproved Route 7. A section of Route 7 that the 152nd and 113th were traveling on went through the rugged Zambales mountains at the northern base of the Bataan peninsula – a path Americans called 'Zig-Zag Pass.' It was there that the Japanese 39th Infantry Regiment decided to make their last stand.
The Japanese had dug foxholes, trenches, and tunnels throughout the mountains, and relied on the thick vegetation to cover their positions. On the morning of 1 February, the 152nd and the 113th ran into a Japanese strongpoint at 'Horseshoe Bend,' the first major Zig-Zag Pass obstacle. Two days of heavy fighting followed, resulting in high casualties and stopping all eastward progress. The nearby 34th Infantry Regiment was ordered to assist the 152nd and 113th, but after six days of suffering heavy casualties they were forced to disengage. The 151st linked up with the 152nd and 113th the next day to continue the battle, but fighting remained fierce for three more days. However, the Japanese began to give more and more ground until they were finally overrun on 8 February. Afterwards, the 152nd and 113th continued eastwards, finally linking up with XIV Corps on 14 February. Through 8 days of fighting, it was estimated that the 151st, 152nd, and 113th killed about 2,400 of the 2,800 Japanese defenders in Zig-Zag Pass.
For the next seven days, the 113th pushed along the route of the March of Death to Bagac. The Bataan Peninsula was secured on 21 February – the 38th Infantry Division's rapid drive through Route 7 and across the peninsula was critical to General MacArthur's campaign plan to retake the Philippines.

Over the next few months, the 113th would assist in the final liberation of the Philippines from Imperial Japan, securing Corregidor on 24 February and Caballo Island on 27 March. In April, the 38th Infantry Division advanced directly into the Zambales mountains, pushing out the last of the dug-in Japanese defenders. The 113th Engineers were instrumental in surrounding the retreating Japanese and cutting off their withdrawal routes.
After the Zambales were cleared, the 38th moved east of Manila, where they continued fighting into May. By 30 June, all effective Japanese positions had been broken. The 113th Engineers spent the rest of the war assisting in hunting down bypassed Japanese soldiers, as well as improving defensive capabilities of American and Philippine positions. This concluded with Japan's unconditional surrender on 14 August, bringing an end to the 113th Engineers' unbroken stretch of 198 consecutive days in combat. Combined, elements of the 38th Infantry Division killed 26,469 enemy combatants and took 1,411 prisoners. As news of the war's end spread to the remaining Japanese defenders, that number soon swelled to 13,000 prisoners by October.

Post-War and Cold War
The 113th Engineers were alerted on 15 September 1945 that they were going to return to the United States and demobilize, and were relieved on 5 October. They sailed to Camp Anza, California. Final demobilization and deactivation was completed on 9 November 1945.
Subordinate units of the 38th ID were organized and reconstituted, swelled by the large numbers of World War II veterans. The 113th Engineers were reorganized on 6 October 1946, and were federally recognized on 5 March 1947. 38th Division headquarters were once again in Indianapolis, and Annual Training began being held at Camp Atterbury in 1948.

During the Cold War, the 113th Engineers served in the Strategic Reserve to support the Active Army in the event of a full-scale war with the Soviet Union.
The 113th continued to serve the home front, being called up for State Active Duty during the Perfect Circle Strike of 1955, as well as the 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak.

Global War on Terrorism

The 113th Engineer Battalion was deployed to Mosul, Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2004.  They conducted Soldier Readiness Processing at Camp Atterbury in late 2004, and arrived in-country between mid-December 2004 to early-January 2005.  They operated in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq for the entirety of their 12-month deployment, engaging with enemy forces in combat several times. The 113th was home by the end of 2005 with no combat deaths.

In 2009, the 1613th Engineer Company deployed to Jalalabad, Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. The same year, the 1313th Engineer Company deployed to Mosul, Iraq.

In March 2012, the Battalion was awarded the Valorous Unit Award for their performance in Operation Founding Fathers during Iraq's 2005 elections.

In 2011, the 713th Engineer Company was alerted they were deploying to Kandahar, Afghanistan. They mobilized for training in October, and arrived in-country in November 2011. Their mission for the 10-1/2-month deployment was to patrol roads and clear roadside IEDs around Forward Operating Base (FOB) Frontenac in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.

In two separate incidents, the 713th Engineer Company suffered six casualties during this deployment. The first was on 6 January 2012, when the third vehicle in an eight-vehicle convoy hit a roadside IED. SSG Jonathan Metzger, SPC Robert Tauteris Jr., SPC Brian Leonhardt (posthumously promoted to SGT), and SPC Christopher Patterson were killed in the explosion, with a fifth soldier, PFC Douglas Rachowicz suffering multiple injuries as a result of the blast. Six months later on 17 July 2012, two more 713th soldiers, SPC Sergio Perez and SPC Nicholas Taylor, were killed in action during a mounted route clearance attack.
Within the Indiana National Guard, the six 713th Engineer Company soldiers who were killed during the 2012 deployment are remembered as 'The Sapper Six.'

In September 2019, the 113th Engineer Battalion mobilized for a deployment to Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Afghanistan. They returned home September 2020.

Distinctive unit insignia
 Description
A silver metal and enamel device 1 5/32 inches (2.94 cm) in height, consisting of a shield, crest and motto.
 Symbolism
The silver triple-towered castle, taken from the arms of Saint-Dizier in France, denotes the battalion's World War I service. The shield is red and the charge is white, the colors of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The crest is that of the Indiana Army National Guard.
 Background
The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved on 26 May 1928 for the 113th Engineer Regiment, consisting of the shield and motto. The design was changed to add the crest on 5 June 1936. It was re-designated for the 113th Engineer Combat Battalion on 19 November 1943. The insignia was once again re-designated for the 113th Engineer Battalion on 23 September 1963.

Notes

Engineer battalions of the United States Army


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Tuesday, March 13, 1979, the first of two lunar eclipses in 1979. The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 3 hours, 17 minutes and 40.6 seconds, with 85.377% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.

This event followed the total solar eclipse of February 26, 1979.

Visibility
It was completely visible in east in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and west in Australia, seen rising over the Americas and setting over Asia and Australia.

Related lunar eclipses

Eclipses in 1979
 A total solar eclipse on Monday, 26 February 1979.
 A partial lunar eclipse on Tuesday, 13 March 1979.
 An annular solar eclipse on Wednesday, 22 August 1979.
 A total lunar eclipse on Thursday, 6 September 1979.

Lunar year series

Saros series

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of Solar Saros 139.

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

1979-03
1979 in science
March 1979 events


Electoral district of Fitzroy may refer to:
Electoral district of Fitzroy (Queensland), a former electorate of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
Electoral district of Fitzroy (Victoria), a former electorate of the Victorian Legislative Assembly


A total lunar eclipse took place on Thursday, September 6, 1979, the second of two lunar eclipses in 1979. A shallow total eclipse saw the Moon in relative darkness for 44 minutes and 24.7 seconds. The Moon was 9.358% of its diameter into the Earth's umbral shadow, and should have been significantly darkened. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours, 11 minutes and 54.1 seconds in total.

This event followed the annular solar eclipse of August 22, 1979.

Visibility

Related lunar eclipses

Eclipses in 1979
 A total solar eclipse on Monday, 26 February 1979.
 A partial lunar eclipse on Tuesday, 13 March 1979.
 An annular solar eclipse on Wednesday, 22 August 1979.
 A total lunar eclipse on Thursday, 6 September 1979.

Lunar year series

Saros series
It is part of Saros series 137.

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of Solar Saros 144.

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses
Solar eclipse of February 26, 1979

Notes

External links

 September 6, 1979, a Lunar Eclipse

1979-09
1979 in science
September 1979 events


A penumbral lunar eclipse took place on Saturday, March 1, 1980, the first of three penumbral lunar eclipses in 1980. This subtle penumbral eclipse may have been visible to a skilled observer at maximum eclipse. 65.455% of the Moon's disc was partially shaded by the Earth (none of it was in total shadow), which caused a gentle shadow gradient across its disc at maximum; the eclipse as a whole lasted 3 hours, 58 minutes and 33.3 seconds.

Visibility
The penumbral eclipse was visible in northeast in North America, east in South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia, seen rising over the Americas and setting over Asia and Australia.

Related lunar eclipses

Eclipses in 1980
 A total solar eclipse on Saturday, 16 February 1980.
 A penumbral lunar eclipse on Saturday, 1 March 1980.
 A penumbral lunar eclipse on Sunday, 27 July 1980.
 An annular solar eclipse on Sunday, 10 August 1980.
 A penumbral lunar eclipse on Tuesday, 26 August 1980.

Lunar year series

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two partial solar eclipses of Solar Saros 149.

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

1980-03
1980 in science
March 1980 events


A penumbral lunar eclipse took place at the Moon's descending node of the orbit on Tuesday, August 26, 1980, the last of three penumbral lunar eclipses in 1980 with a penumbral magnitude of 0.70891. This subtle penumbral eclipse may have been visible to a skilled observer at maximum eclipse. 70.891% of the Moon's disc was partially shaded by the Earth (none of it was in total shadow), which caused a gentle shadow gradient across its disc at maximum; the eclipse as a whole lasted 3 hours,  34 minutes and 26 seconds.

Visibility

Related lunar eclipses

Eclipses in 1980
 A total solar eclipse on Saturday, 16 February 1980.
 A penumbral lunar eclipse on Saturday, 1 March 1980.
 A penumbral lunar eclipse on Sunday, 27 July 1980.
 An annular solar eclipse on Sunday, 10 August 1980.
 A penumbral lunar eclipse on Tuesday, 26 August 1980.

Lunar year series

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two partial solar eclipses of Solar Saros 154.

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

1980-08
1980 in science
August 1980 events


Mozart is a  in three acts with music by Reynaldo Hahn and words by Sacha Guitry, a pastiche of the composer's early works to fit beside arias written for Yvonne Printemps (playing the title role as a breeches role). The story concerns the fictional adventures of Mozart on a visit to the French capital.

After the success of L'amour masqué, Sacha Guitry wanted to collaborate again with Messager, but the older composer declined. Guitry wrote to Hahn, on holiday in Cannes, who seized the opportunity with great joy, and the collaboration was excellent.

It was first performed at the Théâtre Édouard VII in Paris on 2 December 1925.

Roles

Synopsis

Act 1
It is 1778, and in the salon of Madame d'Épinay, the mistress of the house tries to persuade her godchild Marie-Anne de Saint-Pons of the advantages of a marriage to the Marquis de Chambreuil. The Marquis enters and invites Marie-Anne to play the harpsichord; she dared not, as the instrument was played by the young Mozart on his first time in Paris. The Baron Grimm and La Guimard, the famous dancer and, it appears, intimate with Grimm, join the party and conversation turns to the visit to Paris of the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart when he was a child prodigy. Mme d'Épinay owns the picture of the boy Mozart by Carmontelle.

The servants Louise and Grimaud are also present. Although he has sent no news since his last visit, the subject of conversation now makes a surprise entrance. The child prodigy, now 22 and a famous musician, remains sensitive and shy, but tells the company of his journey and having read  Molière's Dom Juan on the coach from Strasbourg to Paris. He is warmly welcomed and, to thank his hosts, he plays the harpsichord, singing "Il faut que tu m'aimes Paris!".

Act 2
A few days later – Mozart is working at the keyboard at Madame d'Épinay's house when her young servant Louise brings him a letter. Mozart has seduced many attractive women during his visit but is unsure who he should choose; the hostess suggests the dancer La Guimard. Mozart is to compose several pieces in Paris, including Les petits riens, which La Guimard and Vestris rehearse, while the composer successfully flirts with Guimard. Mozart then opens the letter he received: it is from his love interest in Mannheim, Aloysia Weber.

Act 3
Louise's fiancé reproaches her for having made eyes at Mozart. The Marquis de Chambreuil is furious too as the composer has also been flirting with Marie-Anne (who he called Nannerl, after his sister), and sent her a letter.

Baron Grimm tries to calm everyone, pointing out that Mozart will have to leave Paris soon. It then emerges that Grimm had written to Mozart's father to bring forward his departure. Grimm explains that the young man has been frittering away his time in France, his fancy alighting on one woman after another, and it would be better for everyone if he left for Germany. Mozart submits reluctantly and sadly to this decision and bids a tender farewell to the four women, and to Paris.

Recordings
Orchestre des Concerts Français, conductor: André Jouve
Principal singers: Annie Rozanne, Annie Ducaux, Maurice Escande
Recording date: 15 and 16 June 1955
Label: EMI, CZS 5 68286 2 (CD) (released with extracts from Ciboulette)

Orchestre Radio-Lyrique, conductor: Pierre-Michel Le Conte
Principal singers: Géori Boué, Huguette Hennetier, Roger Bourdin
Recording date: 17 June 1959
Label: Musidisc / INA edition / Gaite Lyrique 201372 (CD)

Yvonne Printemps recorded excerpts from the piece in July 1929, including "C'est la saison d'amour" and "Je t'aime" (available on La Saison d'Amour, Pearl CD) and "Depuis ton départ, mon amour" and "Alors, adieu, donc, mon amour" (available on Yvonne Printemps: Arias and Songs EMI CD).

References

External links

French-language operas
Operas by Reynaldo Hahn
Comédies musicales
1925 operas
Operas
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in fiction
Operas set in Paris
Operas set in the 18th century
Operas based on real people
Works by Sacha Guitry


Smart.fm (formerly iKnow!) was a social learning- and community website created by Cerego Japan, Inc. The website used spaced repetition algorithms (SRS) to assist users in committing facts to long term memory and increasing learning speed. Users could create, manage and share lists of facts to memorize; as well as learn a number of languages. The data was used to automatically plan a curriculum and learning strategy for the users.
In addition to the website base, Smart.fm also had a Facebook application.

History
Smart.fm was created by Japan-based company Cerego Japan, Inc., initially featuring language-learning and branded under the name iKnow! (iKnow.co.jp). The original platform focused on English learners in Japan. On November 24, 2008 the platform turned to world-wide audience when it added another 188 languages. The upgrade also included tools for users to create learning content; sample sentences and timed tests. Cerego had raised US$20 million in funding at the time and was staffed by 22 employees.

The site's name was changed to Smart.fm on March 5, 2009 when the platform introduced an upgrade which enabled users to add learning content of any kind. The re-branding was sudden, and users complained about the new interface and new name. About the new name, Cerego's Russell Moench explained in an official announcement: "we see ourselves more like your personal learning station than an online classroom or teacher or textbook."

Technology
Cerego's Smart.fm used spaced repetition techniques to assist users in organizing learning content, increase learning speed and improve recollection. The system was based on established methods of learning derived from cognitive- and neuroscience research; continuously analyzing performance, on a long- and short-term basis, making dynamic adjustments to learning exercises. The data was used to automatically plan a curriculum and learning strategy for the users.

Closure
On January 27, 2011, Cerego Japan, Inc. announced the planned closure of the Smart.fm free service for March 31, 2011. The Smart.fm service has since been replaced with Cerego's paid subscription-based language learning site, iKnow!

References

Spaced repetition software


Thomas John "Spill" Spilsbury (1874–1947) was a footballer who played 57 games at left-back for Burslem Port Vale (25 in the Midland Football League, 16 in the Football League).

Career
Spilsbury played for Dresden United, before joining Burslem Port Vale in February 1897. His debut match could hardly have gone better; an 8–0 romp over Grantham Rovers at the Athletic Ground. He was a regular until January 1899, and was a member of the 1898 Staffordshire Senior Cup winning side during his run. He played 15 Second Division and two FA Cup games in the 1898–99 season, but featured just once in the 1899–1900 season and retired at the end of the 1900–01 campaign.

Career statistics
Source:

Honours
Port Vale
Staffordshire Senior Cup: 1898

References

1874 births
1947 deaths
People from Dresden, Staffordshire
English men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Dresden United F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Midland Football League players
English Football League players


Miracle at Moreaux is a 1985 Canadian made-for-television drama film based on the novel Twenty and Ten by Claire Huchet Bishop. The film stars Loretta Swit as the main character of Sister Gabrielle, and was co-written and directed by Paul Shapiro.

Set in France, the movie was filmed in Quebec and first aired 2 December 1985 on PBS as part of the series WonderWorks. It has been noted for its portrayal of a Jewish children during World War II.

Plot
In December 1943, three Jewish children in France are fleeing the Nazis toward a contact who will guide them into neutral Spain. A friend who has been guiding them tries to steal food for them from a Catholic convent/boarding school. However, his raid proves untimely, as Nazi officers arrive to tell the convent that roads in the area are being closed off to prevent possible escapes across the nearby border. Having been spotted, the man tries to run but is killed by the Germans. Seeing this, the youngest child runs toward the downed man, oblivious to the Germans' presence. In a quick act of thinking, Sister Gabrielle grabs the girl and pretends she is one of the convent's students, carrying her inside. After the Germans depart, the two other refugees also take cover inside the convent. They have arrived while the school is preparing to stage a Nativity pageant. After examining the body of the man who was guiding the children, the Germans found three forged Spanish passports that were made for the children. The Jewish children remain in the school while the Nazis that are patrolling the area, led by an SS Major (Robert Joy), hunt for them in the woods surrounding the convent. Sister Gabrielle takes great lengths to keep the children's identities a secret, but the major is suspicious and continues to believe that Jewish refugees are hiding in the school after seeing the luggage belonging to the children when he came to apologize to Sister Gabrielle for the shooting incident earlier.

Meanwhile, the three children have to cope with negative attitudes towards Jews from the Catholic students at the boarding school. The Jewish students are able to gradually win over their classmates by teaching them about Judaism. Eventually, the entire school helps in the escape by dressing the Jewish and Catholic children in each other's clothing during a school outing. This stunt confuses and distracts the Nazi pursuers, who focus on the wrong children while the real Jewish children flee towards the border and escape into Spain. An older Nazi officer sees them, but lets them escape and reports that he didn't see them.

Cast
 Loretta Swit as Sister Gabrielle
 Robert Joy as Major Braun
 Ken Pogue as Sgt. Schlimmer
 Geneviève Appleton as Jeannette
 Milan Cheylov as The Guide
 Simon Craig as André
 Thomas Hellman as Louis
 Robert Kosoy as Daniel
 Bonfield Marcoux as The Passer
 Marsha Moreau as Anna
 Carla Napier as Dominique
 Talya Rubin as Sabine

Reception
The Los Angeles Times gave a negative review for the film, saying that the film didn't contain much drama and failed to make the story's setting understandable for the movie's target audience of children. In contrast, the Orlando Sentinel gave a more favorable review, calling the movie a "gem".

As of 2021, the film has a rating of 6.7/10 based on 120 reviews on IMDb.

References

External links

1985 television films
1985 films
1985 drama films
English-language Canadian films
Canadian drama television films
American drama television films
1980s English-language films
Films based on children's books
Films set in 1943
Films about Catholic nuns
Films about Nazis
Canadian World War II films
Films set in France
Films shot in Quebec
1980s American films
1980s Canadian films


Megalobulimus popelairianus, synonym Strophocheilus popelairianus, is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Strophocheilidae.

Distribution
Megalobulimus popelairianus occurs in Ecuador, in Bolivia (doubtful) and in Brazil.

Shell description
The shell is very large, solid, rimate, ovate-conic. The spire is subregularly tapering and the penultimate whorl is somewhat bulging. The last whorl is depressed on the back. The color of the shell is dark reddish-brown or rich chestnut with narrow darker streaks and a lighter margin below the suture. The earlier whorls are dull reddish. The apex is white. The surface is covered with a strong cuticle, shining. Nepionic shell is distinctly marked, with 4 whorls, sculptured with strong narrow radial riblets, which on fourth whorl become obsolete toward suture below. Succeeding whorls 2, having growth-wrinkles and a dense but rather irregular spiral granulation which fades out upon last whorl, which is more coarsely sculptured by lengthwise wrinkles and has generally more or less- coarse spiral malleation. Sutures are deep, the last decidedly more oblique.

The aperture is about half the shell's length, trapezoidal, white with a livid tint within. Outer lip is well reflexed, white (or light-brown edged), convexly curved. Columella is white, reflexed, and in the immediate vicinity of its insertion spreading upon the whorl and continued in a strong white callus across the parietal wall. Near the upper termination of parietal callus there are usually one or two low callous nodules.

The width of the adult shell varies from 85 to 98 mm, the height from 136–155 mm.

Eggs
Megalobulimus popelairianus has the largest eggs of all land gastropods. The size of the egg is 51 × 35 mm (see also Stanlen 1917).

References
This article incorporates public domain text from reference.

Further reading
Stanlen R. 1917. On the calcareous eggs of terrestrial Mollusca. Journal of Conchology 15: 154-164.

popelairianus
Gastropods described in 1845


In the Microsoft .NET Framework, XML Literal allows a computer program to include XML directly in the code. It is currently only supported in VB.NET 9.0 and VB.NET 10.0. When a Visual Basic expression is embedded in an XML literal, the application creates a LINQ-to-XML object for each literal at run time.

See also
 String literal
 Character literal
 ECMAScript for XML
 JSX (JavaScript)
 XHP

References

External links
 Creating Complex XML Documents with XML Literals
 XML Literals Overview (Visual Basic)

.NET terminology
XML


Lewis S. Ranieri (; born 1947) is a former bond trader, and founding partner and current chairman of Ranieri Partners, a real estate firm.

He is considered the "father" of mortgage-backed securities and co-founder of mortgage-backed securities with Anthony J. Nocella former CEO of Franklin Bank, for his pioneering role in their emergence in the 1970s, during his tenure in Salomon Brothers, where he reached the position of Vice Chairman. Although he was named by BusinessWeek in 2004 as "one of the greatest innovators of the past 75 years", he was later strongly criticized for his role in the subprime mortgage crisis of 200709.

Early life
Lewis S. Ranieri was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1947. Ranieri had sought to be an Italian chef before finding that his asthma prevented him from working in smoky kitchens. He began college at St. John's University but left before completing his degree. Ranieri later returned to school and completed his Bachelor of Arts in English in 1986. In 1987, St. John's University awarded him an honorary Doctor of Laws degree.

Career
In 1968, 21-year-old Ranieri took a part-time job in the mail room of Salomon Brothers. He worked his way to the position of vice chairman of Salomon Brothers, as discussed in Michael Lewis' bestseller Liar's Poker. In the late 1970s, Ranieri joined the new mortgage-trading desk of Salomon Brothers where he contributed to creating the innovative practice of securitization, a word he is said to have coined. BusinessWeek said that in 1977, with the creation of mortgage-backed securities (MBS), "Ranieri's job was to sell those bonds—at a time when only 15 states recognized MBS as legal investments. With a trader's nerve and a salesman's persuasiveness, he did much more, creating the market to trade MBS and winning Washington lobbying battles to remove legal and tax barriers." Ranieri also declared that "mortgages are math", hiring PhDs who developed the collateralized mortgage obligation, repackaging mortgages into more attractive bonds.

By 1981, American Savings and Loan (S&Ls) were battered by high inflation as well as the high interest rates charged by the Federal Reserve under chairman Paul Volcker, but Congress allowed S&Ls to hide some of their losses by moving assets off their books. Ranieri bought mortgages from one S&L and sold them to another, allowing Wall Street to become involved in the home mortgage market (and profit from the spread). He convinced Freddie Mac to assist with a deal which packaged older loans from Perpetual Savings, a troubled S&L in the Washington D.C. area. However, institutional investors only became attracted to the market when he and Larry Fink of First Boston created the CMO in 1983. In 1984, Congress passed the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act (SMMEA), overturning the previous prohibition against private banks selling mortgage-backed securities without a government guarantee. It also pre-empted state blue sky laws which had previously required investment banks to register with multiple states before selling them. Furthermore, institutional investors could purchase mortgage-backed securities, provided a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) gave them a high rating; in effect allowing those investors to outsource their due diligence to such agencies. Ranieri attended the ceremony in which President Ronald Reagan signed SMMEA.

Ranieri also secured a tax exemption applicable to pools of mortgages held by a REMIC. Legalized by the Tax Reform Act of 1986, the mortgage-backed securities market reached $150 billion in 1986. However, Salomon Brothers fired Ranieri in 1987, which some characterized as him becoming a victim of his own success, since his old traders staffed many Wall Street investment banks.

Ranieri formed Hyperion Partners, an investment firm, in 1988. In 2001, Ranieri and his partners at Hyperion sold Bank United of Texas, a firm they acquired in the late 1980s. Under Ranieri's leadership as chairman of the board, Bank United went from having been a failed savings and loan to being a successful $18 Billion asset regional bank at the time of sale.

As mortgage-backed securities came under scrutiny for their role in the subprime mortgage crisis, the United States housing bubble and the financial crisis of 2007–2010, critics took aim at Ranieri. In March 2007, at a time when it was unknown whether or not the over-extension of leverage inherent in subprime mortgages could lead to a financial crisis, Ranieri commented "I think [the risk] is containable. I don't think this is going to be a cataclysm." That same year, he launched Selene Finance LP, a mortgage servicer that sought to prevent residents from being foreclosed on.

Ranieri commented on the situation in a 2009 interview. "It wasn't the concept of securitization that created the problem", argued Ranieri. Rather, he blamed Wall Street for misusing securitization to create mortgage products that homeowners were unable to afford over the long term, such as those with low 'teaser' rates that became unaffordable when they reset. In the same interview, Ranieri also explained his firm's ongoing efforts to rehabilitate the US housing market by purchasing delinquent mortgages, working with the original homeowners to establish consistent payments, and then selling the newly stabilized loans.

Philanthropy
In 2005, Ranieri was appointed by Roman Catholic Bishop William Murphy of the Diocese of Rockville Centre to form Tomorrow's Hope Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose mission is to provide assistance to the Catholic elementary and secondary schools of the diocese. The foundation has provided scholarships to thousands of families seeking Catholic education for their children. Ranieri continues to serve as chairman of the foundation.

Recognition
Ranieri received the Distinguished Industry Service Award from the American Securitization Forum in 2005 and has participated in the National Association of Home Builders Mortgage Roundtable since 1989. Ranieri has also been inducted into the National Housing Hall of Fame and received the Lifetime Achievement Award given by the Fixed Income Analysts Society, Inc. In 2012, St. John's University awarded Ranieri the Spirit of Service award for his work with Tomorrow's Hope Foundation and his dedication to serving others.

Ranieri is portrayed by actor Rudy Eisenzopf at the beginning of the film The Big Short (adapted from Michael Lewis' book of the same name), which dramatized the events leading up to the 2007–08 housing crisis.

References

External links

1947 births
American financiers
Living people
Mortgage-backed security
St. John's University (New York City) alumni


The Ramarama languages of Rondônia, Brazil form a branch of the Tupian language family. They are Karo, or Ramarama, with 150 speakers, and the extinct Urumi.

Varieties
Below is a list of Itogapúc (Ramarama) language varieties listed by Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties.

Itogapúc / Ntogapyd - once spoken on the Machadinho River, Mato Grosso, now perhaps extinct.
Ramarama / Ytangá - spoken at the sources of the Machadinho River, Branco River, and Preto River, Mato Grosso.
Urumí - spoken on the Taruma River in Mato Grosso.
Urukú - spoken on the Lourdes River.
Arara - spoken at the mouth of the Preto River and Ji-Paraná River, and to the Madeira River.

References

Tupian languages


Praedecessores nostros was a papal encyclical written by Pope Pius IX on March 25, 1847, to address the crisis of the Great Irish Famine that occurred approximately between 1845 and 1850. This event is known by many as the 19th century’s greatest natural disaster. Pope Pius IX was born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti on May 13, 1792, in Senigallia, Italy. He studied at the College of Volterra in Tuscany and was ordained as a priest in 1819. Throughout the span of his life, Pius IX served as the director of the Roman hospice of San Michele, Bishop of Imola, and Archbishop of Spoleto. He was made a Cardinal in 1840 and elected Pope in 1846.  Several important events that occurred during the papacy of Pius IX are the unification of Italy, the First Vatican Council, the defining of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, and 38 papal encyclicals. Praedecessores nostros is one of the more significant papal decrees of the time because it addresses one of the most well known events in history.  The Great Irish Famine was caused by the mysterious fungus, Phytophthora infestans. The fact that the potato was the staple food of over half the population of Ireland caused approximately one million people to die as a consequence.

Encyclical Summary

Praedecessores nostros discussed several major points that involve the various factors that address the Great Irish Famine. The first point made by Pope Pius IX in the encyclical is the importance of recognizing the legacies of papal predecessors and their assistance of Christian nations in the past. He then reflected on an earlier appeal to the Roman people and clergy for prayerful consideration of the plight of the Irish.  He also reflected on the request he made for money to be collected in Rome to be sent to the archbishops of Ireland so that it may be distributed amongst the poor and needy. Pius IX continued by saying that the crisis was not yet over and that the Vatican was still receiving letters daily telling that the famine has worsened and more aid is necessary. This led to the main reason for the encyclical, a request from the clergy for greater assistance. Pope Pius IX asked every diocese and district to proclaim three days of public prayer in churches and other holy sites. The specific purpose of this prayer was to request that God end the Great Irish Famine and prevent it from happening elsewhere in Europe. To encourage these prayers, an indulgence of seven years was to be granted to anyone present during the proceedings. Also, a plenary indulgence was to be bestowed on anyone who attended the entire three days of prayer and received the sacraments (Catholic Church) of penance and Holy Communion within a week of doing so. Pope Pius IX encouraged the people of the church to give alms because it was more important to look after Christ’s goods than those of man. In addition to the recommended public prayers for Ireland, he requested that the clergy ask their congregations to beseech God for the whole church against the evils that plague its existence. Pope Pius IX delivered his address of Praedecessores nostros in Rome at St. Mary Major Basilica on March 25, 1847.

Implications of Praedecessores nostros
The implications of Praedecessores nostros are minimal relative to the massive amount of attention that was given to the Great Irish Famine during the time.  It is notable that relief was given in the form of money, but this did little to solve the various problems in Ireland and the United Kingdom in general. The most important implications of this papal encyclical are the knowledge it provided the world, and the greater connection it created between the Irish and the Catholic Church.

See also
List of encyclicals of Pope Pius IX

Notes

Further reading
Anne Fremantle, The Papal Encyclicals: In Their Historical Context (New York: Mentor-Omega Books, 1963)
Michael J. Schuck, That They Be One: The Social Teaching of the Papal Encyclicals 1740-1989 (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1991)
James S. Donnelly, Jr., The Great Irish Potato Famine (United Kingdom: Sutton Publishing, 2001)
Eileen Moore Quinn, "Entextualizing Famine, Reconstituting Self: Testimonial Narratives From Ireland," Anthropological Quarterly 74, no. 2 (2001):72-88.

External links
Papal Encyclicals Online
Pope Pius IX

Papal encyclicals
Great Famine (Ireland)
Documents of Pope Pius IX
1847 documents
1847 in Christianity
March 1847 events
History of Catholicism in Ireland


Cirsium brevistylum is a species of thistle known by the common names Indian thistle and clustered thistle. It is native to western North America having been found in southwestern British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and California.

Cirsium brevistylum grows in moist areas in many types of habitat, from mountain forests to chaparral and coastal marshes. This native thistle is annual or biennial, reaching  in height and known to exceed  at times. There is usually a single stem which may branch toward the top and is coated in hairs and webby fibers. The leaves are deeply cut into many lobes lined with twisted teeth, the longest leaves near the base of the plant reaching about 25 centimeters long. The leaves are borne on winged petioles with many spines. The inflorescence bears one to many flower heads, both at the ends of the stem branches and in the leaf axils. The flower head reaches about 3 centimeters long by 4 wide and is lined with cobwebby, bristly, spine-tipped phyllaries. The flower head is packed with white or pink flowers about 2 centimeters long. The fruit is a brown achene a few millimeters long topped with a pappus one to two centimeters in length.

Gallery

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California

brevistylum
Plants described in 1953
Flora of the Western United States
Flora of British Columbia
Flora without expected TNC conservation status
Taxa named by Arthur Cronquist


Hugh Walley was a footballer who played as a left winger for Burslem Port Vale and Burton Swifts in the 1900s.

Career
Walley joined Burslem Port Vale as an amateur in August 1905. He made his debut the following month at outside-left in a 2–2 draw with Grimsby Town at the Athletic Ground on 16 September. He played nine Second Division games in the 1905–06 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League on 21 April, in a 2–1 win over Bradford City. He played one game in the 1906–07 campaign and was released, probably in 1907.

Career statistics
Source:

References

English men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Port Vale F.C. players
Burton Swifts F.C. players
English Football League players
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Place of birth missing


Lindsay Davis may refer to:

 Lindsay Davis (model) (born 1985), actress/model from Entourage and the Miss Ohio pageant
 Lindsay Davis (figure skater), American figure skater

See also
 Lindsey Davis (born 1949), English novelist, known for the Falco series
 G. Lindsey Davis (born 1948), American bishop


Nokdong station is a railway station on Gwangju Metro Line 1 in Nokdong, South Korea. The station is located near at the depot.

Station layout

Gallery

External links

Gwangju Metro stations
Dong District, Gwangju
Railway stations in South Korea opened in 2004


Old Fashioned Love is an album by American fingerstyle guitarist and composer John Fahey, released in 1975. It is credited on the cover to John Fahey & His Orchestra.

History
In a similar manner as his previous Reprise releases with accompanists, Old Fashioned Love did not sell well. For his part, Fahey remarked that he had never worked with such sympathetic, understanding musicians as he did on this release.

The front cover is a 1901 photograph of Anna Held, the wife of impresario Florenz Ziegfeld.

Woody Mann plays duets with Fahey on "In a Persian Market", "Jaya Shiva Shankarah", and "Marilyn". Guitarist Stefan Grossman responded to "The Assassination of  Grossman" with his own composition, "The Assassination of John Fahey" on his album Thunder on the Run. "Dry Bones in the Valley" was shortened by one minute on subsequent CD reissues.

The 1930s title song, written by Frank Loesser and Fritz Miller, was the theme song of Fritz Miller and his Orchestra.

Critical reception

In his Allmusic review, Richard Foss states that Old Fashioned Love "is a wonderful release, a celebration of early 20th century musical styles. Every track is played with charm and wit, from the solo guitar pieces to the full orchestral works" and then later notes that it "was acclaimed by many critics but was rejected by the folk crowd that Fahey himself was coming to detest." Critic Andy Beta called it "a consistently surprising collection of Fahey's many loves" and singled out the final track for special praise as "one of his truly magical works".

Reissues
Old Fashioned Love was reissued on CD by both Takoma and Shanachie Records.

Track listing

Side one
 "In a Persian Market" (Albert Ketèlbey) – 7:41
 "Jaya Shiva Shankara" (Traditional) – 4:59
 "Marilyn" (Fahey) – 6:33

Side two
 "The Assassination of Stephan Grossman" (Fahey) – 2:11
 "Old Fashioned Love" (Frank Loesser, Fritz Miller) – 3:30
 "Boodle Am Shake" (Jack Palmer, Spencer Williams) – 3:17
 "Keep Your Lamps Trimmed and Burning" (Fred McDowell) – 3:06
 "Dry Bones in the Valley" (Fahey) – 8:52

Personnel
John Fahey – guitar
Bobby Bruce – violin
Dick Cary – piano
Joe Darensbourg – clarinet
Nick Fatool – drums
Woody Mann – guitar ("In a Persian Market", "Jaya Shiva Shankarah", "Marilyn")
Allen Reuss – guitar, banjo
John Rotella – saxophone
Ian Westley – tuba
Britt Woodman – trombone
Jack Feierman – trumpet, vocals
Production notes:
Doug Decker – producer, mixing
John Fahey – producer, arrangements
Jack Feierman – arrangements
Joe Tarantino – remastering
Sam Charters – reissue liner notes
John Ayres – photography
Josephine Ayres – photography

References

External links

 Old Fashioned Love at Myspace (streamed copy where licensed)

1975 albums
John Fahey (musician) albums
Takoma Records albums


Nenagh Hospital () is a public hospital located in Nenagh, County Tipperary, Ireland. It is managed by UL Hospitals Group.

History

The site has a tradition of caring for sick and infirm that goes back to c. 1200 when Saint John the Baptist's Priory and Hospital was founded by Theobald Butler for the Fratres Cruciferi, an order of Augustinian canons. The priory was secularized in 1541 and finally dissolved in 1551. The remaining ruins are to be found south-east of the hospital, at the graveyard close to the Neagh River, short before the Tyone Bridge.

The Nenagh Union Workhouse and Infirmary, which was designed by George Wilkinson, was opened on the site in 1841. The workhouse was burnt down by Irish republicans in February 1923.

A modern medical facility, designed in the International Style and built on the same site, was officially opened by Seán T. O'Kelly, Vice-President of the Executive Council and Minister for Local Government and Public Health as St Joseph's Hospital on 30 September 1936. It became the Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Nenagh in 2004.

In February 2009, Government plans to move certain services from Nenagh to the Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Limerick were met with protests from healthcare professionals, local residents and several local businesses including the Abbey Court Hotel and a 4,000-person public demonstration.  While there would still be 24-hour access for patients referred by GPs, all surgical emergencies would be dealt with in Limerick. The changes would mean an estimated 10 extra admissions per night at the emergency department at Limerick. The 24-hour accident & emergency service at Nenagh Hospital ceased in April 2009. However a new surgical day unit was subsequently established at the Nenagh Hospital in order to take pressure off the hospital at Limerick.

It was renamed Nenagh Hospital in 2013 when the hospitals in the greater Mid-West Region became part of a single operating and governance structure known as the UL Hospitals Group.

Services
The hospital provides 70 beds, of which 49 are in-patient beds, while 21 are reserved for day cases.

See also
 Ennis Hospital
 University Hospital Limerick

References

External links

Hospital buildings completed in 1936
Hospitals in County Tipperary
Hospitals established in 1936
Nenagh
Health Service Executive hospitals
1936 establishments in Ireland


Portland Island is an island of the Southern Gulf Islands of the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the Salish Sea west of Moresby Island and off the south tip of Saltspring Island, adjacent to the main BC Ferries route just offshore from the terminal at Swartz Bay at the tip of the Saanich Peninsula. It was named after HMS Portland, the flagship of Rear-Admiral Fairfax Moresby, Commander in Chief of the Pacific Station 1850–1853.

Portland Island is separated from North Pender Island to the northeast by Swanson Passage, Moresby Island by Moresby Passage to the east, Piers Island and Coal Island to the southeast by Shute Passage, and Saltspring Island to the west and north by Satellite Channel.

Portland Island was given to Princess Margaret in 1958 to commemorate her visit to the province. Princess Margaret returned the island to British Columbia in 1967, following which it became a provincial park. Today, Portland Island is a part of Gulf Islands National Park Reserve (GINPR).

Accessibility
Portland Island is accessible by private watercraft or marine charter only. There are dinghy docks available at Princess Bay and Royal Cove, and a stern-tie ring at Princess Bay. Paddlers can land at the beach accesses at Princess Bay, Arbutus Point and Shell Beach.

Camping
Gulf Islands National Park Reserve offers 24 marine-accessible backcountry campsites on Portland Island: 6 sites at Shell Beach, 12 sites at Princess Bay, and 6 sites at Arbutus Point. Facilities on Portland are limited to pit toilets and no campfires are permitted.

Hiking
A  loop trail follows the shoreline of Portland Island, and is accessible from any of the three camping areas (Shell Beach, Princess Bay, Arbutus Point). This hike requires approximately three hours to complete, but can be shortened to about one hour by taking one of the cross-island forest trails.

References

External sources
 GINPR's Licensed Operators List

Islands of the Gulf Islands


Wallace Bliss (1871 – 1951) was an English footballer. He was the first player to score a goal in the Football League for Burslem Port Vale.

Career
Bliss joined Burslem Port Vale in August 1892. He made his debut at inside-left on 3 September 1892 as Vale lost 5–1 to Small Heath at Muntz Street; his goal was the club's first in the Football League. He was a regular in the side until December 1892, and was released from the Athletic Ground at the end of the 1892–93 season after having scored three goals in 13 Second Division games.

Career statistics
Source:

References

1871 births
1951 deaths
Footballers from Shrewsbury
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Port Vale F.C. players
English Football League players


Rhombus are a dub/drum and bass/reggae/roots band from Wellington, New Zealand.

They were formed in 2001 by Thomas Voyce and Simon Rycroft, later joined by Ahmen Mahal aka Imon Star (who departed from the group in 2007 to pursue his solo project Olmecha Supreme) and Koa Williams (Roots Foundation Sound System founding member). The band has toured extensively in their native New Zealand along with a few international dates, notably in Japan (2002) and in Australia, playing twice at the Sydney Opera House in November 2004. They also performed at the Big Day Out in 2006.
Over the years, the band has performed with such acts as St Germain, Fat Freddy's Drop, Salmonella Dub, Michael Franti, Dry & Heavy, Trinity Roots, Gomez, Kora, Shapeshifter, and Katchafire.

Rhombus have given their time to a number of causes including Greenpeace, Tsunami Relief, SurfAid International, the Cancer Society, and the Peace Boat. Their travels on the Japanese-based global NGO Peace Boat have taken them through the Caribbean, with the intent of "spreading the values of sustainability, co-operation and peace through music workshops".

In 2003, they won three awards at the bNet NZ Music Awards for "Best Video", "Best Electronic Release", and "Best Album".  Their 2003 album Bass Player was their most successful with regard to chart position, peaking at #18 in the New Zealand Top 40 Albums charts.

Discography

References

New Zealand reggae musical groups


Wattpad is a free online platform that allows users to read and publish original stories. Wattpad has stories available in more than 50 languages, and nearly 300,000 writers from 35 countries take part every year in the largest writing competition, The Watty Awards. Some of these stories have been transformed into TV dramas and movies; examples include After and The Kissing Booth. In January 2019, Wattpad launched a publishing division named Wattpad Books in an effort to take the "guesswork" out of publishing for authors.

In January 2021, Naver Corporation announced that it would be acquiring Wattpad; the deal was completed in May 2021. As of November 2021, Wattpad has a monthly audience of more than 90 million users, who can directly interact with the writers and share their opinions with fellow readers.

History and founders
Wattpad was developed in 2006, as the result of a collaboration between Allen Lau and Ivan Yuen. The company is based in Toronto, Ontario.

Growth and funding
In February 2007, Wattpad had announced the addition of over 17,000 e-books from Project Gutenberg making them available to mobile users. According to a June 2009 Wattpad press release, the application had been downloaded over 5 million times. In March 2009, an iPhone version was released. This was followed by the launch on BlackBerry App World in April 2009, Google Android in June 2009 and Apple iPad in April 2010. In December 2015, Windows Phone 8.1 and Windows 10 Mobile Version was released. Currently, Wattpad has more than 90 million users who collectively spend 15 billion minutes each month using Wattpad. As of 2018, there are more than 400 million fanfiction uploads on Wattpad.

As of January 2018, Wattpad had received almost USD $117.8M in funding from investors. In 2011, Wattpad announced that it received $3.5M in total funding from its current investors, and from W Media Ventures, Golden Venture Partners, and Union Square Ventures. Then in June 2012, Wattpad raised $17.3M from a group of venture funds led by Khosla Ventures.

In April 2014, Wattpad announced $46M in the Series C funding led by OMERS ventures. In January 2018, Wattpad announced USD $51M in funding from Tencent Holdings Limited, BDC, Globe Telecom's Kickstart Ventures, Peterson Group, Canso, and existing investor Raine.

Awards
In December 2011, Toronto-based Wattpad was selected as the hottest Digital Media company in the country at the Canadian Innovation Exchange. In the same year, co-founder and CEO Ivan Yuen was also recognized as a top Canadian entrepreneur at the Impact Infused Awards, sponsored by Deloitte.

In the Philippines

Wattpad's most followed author worldwide, Jonaxx, hailed as the "Wattpad Queen" and "Pop Fiction Queen", is from the Philippines.

In March 2014, Wattpad signed a contract with Pop Fiction, an imprint of Summit Media, to print Filipino Wattpad stories in the Philippines. Other publishers from the Philippines also publish stories from Wattpad.

Since then, some Wattpad stories have also been adapted into teleseries. Filipino television network TV5, in partnership with Wattpad and Life is Beautiful Publishing Company, launched Wattpad Presents, a series of Wattpad stories turned into TV dramas. Wattpad stories aired on the show are usually those that were published by LIB Publishing.

ABS-CBN also made several adaptations of Wattpad stories such as "My App Boyfie" by Noreen Capili (noringai), starring James Reid and Nadine Lustre, and the coming-of-age series Bagito starring Nash Aguas, Alexa Ilacad and Ella Cruz. Pop Fiction's best-selling book, She's Dating the Gangster, written by Bianca Bernardino (SGWannaB) as a Wattpad original, became the first Wattpad story adapted into a full-length motion picture starring Kathryn Bernardo and Daniel Padilla. The movie adaptation was produced by ABS-CBN's film production arm, Star Cinema. Liza Soberano and Enrique Gil also starred on the film Just The Way You Are, based on the Wattpad story "The Bet" by Ilurvbooks. "Chasing Red" was published by isabelleronin, a Filipino-Canadian writer which got more than 200 million views. In 2021, He's Into Her, a novel written by Maxinejiji (Maxine Lat Calibuso), will premiere on iWant TFC, starring Belle Mariano and Donny Pangilinan.

GMA Network has also started making adaptations of Wattpad stories via Luv Is, a series of stories turned into dramas similar to that of TV5 but the stories are longer.

Sister Apps
In February 2015, Wattpad launched a second standalone app called "After Dark". The app focuses specifically on the romance genre and is intended for adult readers.

On February 21, 2017, Wattpad launched a chat stories app called Tap, which offers stories in the form of text messages as if reading a private conversation on someone else's phone. The app was an early success, with over 240 million taps in the first few weeks after the launch. On July 28, 2017, Tap launched "Tap Originals", a series of original stories produced by writers every week, with some of these series working on an episode-by-episode basis.

Paid stories
On November 13, 2018, WATTPAD introduced "Next Beta" to a few select countries for early testing. The launch of the Next Beta featured more than fifty exclusively selected stories to be paid with Watt Coins, which could be earned by having readers spend coins  to unlock participating Next Beta stories. This offered writers the chance to earn money through their work and to provide support for readers. Wattpad planned a fast-follow launch for Next in Spanish-speaking regions and to expand the program. The program was available in Latin America and Spain beginning May 27, 2019, before expanding worldwide on July 11 the same year. On September 17, 2019, the Wattpad Team announced the ending of the Next Beta program after results from the program showed that "Wattpadders are ready for a program that funds writers". The program was later rebranded to "Paid Stories".

June 2020 data breach
In June 2020, Wattpad suffered a huge data breach that exposed almost 270 million records. The data was initially sold before being published on a public hacking forum where it was widely circulated. The incident exposed extensive personal information including names and usernames, email and IP addresses, genders, birth dates and passwords stored as bcrypt hashes.

Later that same year on July 14, researchers at Risk Based Security discovered that a threat actor from an unknown source was responsible for the breach, along with the sourcing of over 278 million password credentials and email addresses, with breakdown analysis suggested that Gmail, Yahoo, and Outlook accounts were mostly affected. The Wattpad Corporation has since investigated and patched the issue.

Acquisition by Naver
In January 2021, Wattpad announced that it was to be acquired by Naver Corporation in a $600 million cash-and-stock deal. In an interview, Lau states "it’s also been very clear from Naver, and we agree, that we should operate as independently as possible." Wattpad will remain headquartered in Canada and under its current leadership.

Usage

Statistics
As of September 2020:
 More than 85% of its traffic and usage comes from mobile devices,
 The site has 90 million monthly users,
 There are over 665 million story uploads in total,
 80% of users are female, 80% of whom are millennials or Gen Z.

New authors and teens
The most frequently voted stories appear on the "What's Hot List". According to the profiles visible on the site, many of these authors are teenagers.

Wattpad section also has a Featured Story list, which promotes content reviewed and approved by staff and an editorial review board. Many of these featured stories are written by self-published and professional writers from different genres. Famous authors like Margaret Atwood, Paulo Coelho and R. L. Stine have also joined Wattpad. Wattpad also encourages the writers to interact with their audience and promote their stories across social media websites like Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and Instagram.

Fan fiction

Wattpad has increased in popularity among many fandoms, who take to the platform to craft their own fan fiction. One of the most notable stories on the platform is the After series by Anna Todd, which was originally published as a Harry Styles fan fiction. After its large popularity amongst the One Direction fandom and the app's readers, the story became the most read book on Wattpad, having achieved just under 10 million unique readers on the platform and been read more than one billion times. The series went on to be published by Gallery Books and became a New York Times Best Seller.

By crafting a spot for fanfiction alongside its other genres, Wattpad prioritizes its teen readers and gives the platform a twist.  Deputy General Manager, Ashleigh Gardner, added the following about the genre: "What’s unique about Wattpad is that fanfic is treated like any other genre, living alongside other forms of fiction. This makes it more fluid for readers of an original fiction to discover a new fanfic, or inspire a fanfiction writer to start a new story and bring their audience along with them."

Fan fiction is the third-largest category on Wattpad, closely behind Romance and Teen Fiction, many of which are also fan fictions.

Contests
Wattpad hosts a number of writing contests each year, including the annual Watty Awards, the largest writing competition in the world. In 2011, The Watty Awards introduced three entry levels (Popular, On The Rise, and Undiscovered) to allow greater chances of winning for every type of writer. Contests are open to anyone who has a Wattpad account.

During the summer of 2012, Wattpad in collaboration with Margaret Atwood, Canadian poet/novelist/literary critic, held the "Wattys": the first major poetry contest offering a chance to poets on Wattpad to compete against each other in one of two categories, either as an "Enthusiast" or a "Competitor". It has been going ever since, and now the contest is open to books of all genres.

Publishing
Wattpad has formed ties with publishing houses to try to help Wattpad authors to receive compensation for their works. A new branch, Wattpad Studios, was developed to connect popular writers to both the publishing and film industries. Wattpad has, in the past, teamed up with publishing groups such as Sourcebooks to help Wattpad authors receive book deals, and get their work into hard copies. More traditional publishing houses such as Random House and HarperCollins have approached popular Wattpad writers to negotiate publishing deals, allowing the website to serve as a springboard into the more traditional publishing industry.

Author Anna Todd, whose work "After" has received over a billion reads on the site, was given a publishing deal with Simon & Schuster to turn her online work into a multiple-book published saga. A film version starring Josephine Langford, Hero Fiennes Tiffin, Selma Blair, Jennifer Beals, Peter Gallagher, and Shane Paul McGhie was released by Aviron Pictured on April 12, 2019.

Wattpad Books
On January 24, 2019, Wattpad launched publishing division Wattpad Books led by Wattpad Studios' Publishing Deputy Manager Ashleigh Gardner, with operations managed by Wattpad Studios' Publishing Director Deanna McFadden. According to CEO Allen Lau, this project was in an effort to take the "guesswork" out of publishing.

Wattpad Books acquisitions uses a mix of their Story DNA Machine Learning technology (algorithms) learning with human editors. This human-and-digital acquisitions team look to Wattpad's large and existing digital library (over half a billion titles) in order to select notable material for publication. According to Wattpad Books leader Ashleigh Gardner, this is in an effort to combat bias inherent in human editors. Gardner says that this technology analyses the data behind each title, looking at story structure and word use in addition to levels of reader engagement per title. This data is then compared to analyses of other books on Wattpad and in the public domain. Once all the data has been collected and engagement has been looked at, human staffers read the titles and create their list.

All published titles are an amalgamation of international hits and notable but known material from their digital library. These titles are distributed by Macmillan in the United States of America, Raincoast Books in Canada, and Penguin Random House in India and the United Kingdom, with their Fall 2019 list available in leading North American retailers. Outside North America, Gardner has sold the rights to Hachette (France) for Deanna Cameron's What Happened Last Night. Additionally, Lauren Palphreyman's rights to Cupid's Match have been sold in French (Hachette) and German (S. Fischer Verlgage).

Wattpad's first list consists of six young adult novels. The QB Bad Boy & Me by Tay Marley (28.8 million reads) will be their lead title and was slated for release on August 13, 2019. The remaining five books will be released between September and October 2019 and include: Trapeze by Leigh Ansell (2.5 million reads), What Happened That Night by Deanna Cameron (over 1 million reads), Saving Everest by Sky Reads (17.2 million reads), Cupid's Match by Lauren Palphreyman (46.4 million reads), and I'm a Gay Wizard by V.S. Santoni (404,000 reads). Wattpad hopes to publish 18 titles in their 2020 list.

Besides Wattpad Books, Wattpad announced partnership with Anvil Publishing, Inc., one of the Philippines' leading publishers, to create Bliss Books, a YA imprint with Filipino Young Adult and romance fanatics as their target market.

Entertainment
Netflix film The Kissing Booth was written in 2011 by author Beth Reekles. It originated as a story on Wattpad where it won a Watty Award for "Most Popular Teen Fiction" in Wattpad's annual writing contest. By 2012 it had amassed over 19 million reads on Wattpad and, in 2013, was published by Penguin Random House. In an interview with Forbes, Reekles explains what drew her to Wattpad: "I loved the feeling of community on the site, and when I began to share, I liked the anonymity of it because I was so self-conscious about my writing and hadn't shared it with anyone before."

Since The Kissing Booth premiered on Netflix on May 11, 2018, Ted Sarandos called it "one of the most-watched movies in the country, and maybe in the world". The Kissing Booth was the fourth most-popular movie in IMDb's popularity rankings in June 2018. Wattpad has also signed deals with Asian distribution partners, such as pan-Asian streaming platform Iflix to co-produce dozens of original movies based on Wattpad stories out of Indonesia, and Singapore's Mediacorp, to bring Wattpad stories to Mediacorp's FTA channels such as Channel 5 (with exception of CNA) and its streaming service Toggle.

On December 8, 2021, it was announced that ViacomCBS would be partnering with Wattpad to produce some of its original stories.

Wattpad, with AwesomenessTV, produces Hulu's popular Light as a Feather.

Effects on writers
According to a study, online writing communities like Wattpad help young writers learn and grow their craft from constructive feedback and criticism. Composed of students and their experiences on online writing platforms, the study aims to show how constructive criticism affects their writing process. Most participants prefer serious feedback over subtle critiquing, based on the results.

Wattpad as well as similar online writing communities help young authors build and construct their self perception as writers, as well as establishes an audience and interact with readers. It acts as a gateway into the publishing realm and offers hands-on experience with digital writing. This type of experience helps writers develop personal authorship.

Wattpad offers unique features that other writing platforms do not, such as the interactive margin commenting. Registered readers can add comments and feedback by individual lines and paragraphs as they are reading rather than after the chapter or story is finished. These comment sections are available to be viewed by all readers (guests and non-guests alike, so far as of 2021). Registered users can also use them for reacting to the chapter, offering feedback, or just for personal input, allowing readers to see what others are thinking and writers to see how readers are responding. If a guest attempts to view replies to a comment, or wishes to give feedback themselves, they will be prompted to create an account or log in to do so.

Copyright issues
Early in its history, some of the large volumes of user-uploaded material hosted on Wattpad was copyrighted material created by authors who did not grant republication rights. In May 2009, an article in The New York Times noted, "Sites like Scribd and Wattpad, which invite users to upload documents like college theses and self-published novels, have been the target of industry grumbling in recent weeks, as illegal reproductions of popular titles have turned up on them".

The Wattpad website notes, "We do not welcome upload of material that violates its copyright terms," but also states "it is simply not possible to screen and verify all posted content." In response to industry criticism, in April 2009 (before the publication of the New York Times article that named Wattpad as a vehicle for user-generated e-book infringement) Wattpad announced an "Authors In Charge" program, designed to allow authors or their representatives to identify and directly remove infringing content from the site, but this program is designed specifically for "authors with published books for sale." Authors may begin their stories on Wattpad and then choose to publish their work. In most cases, the work on Wattpad is only a sample to ensure funds going to them in regard to their writing.

Competitors and similar sites
Bookmate and the long-established and popular sites FanFiction.Net and Fiction Press (a spin-off site for original fiction) also serve as hubs for online prose. An alternative site which is free and open source is Archive of Our Own, or AO3.

Monogatary.com – Named after a stylized romanization of , which is also a novel-centered social networking service about creative writing and illustrations founded in October 2017.

Explanatory notes

References

2006 establishments in Ontario
2021 mergers and acquisitions
Android (operating system) software
BlackBerry software
Canadian companies established in 2006
Canadian publishers (people)
Canadian subsidiaries of foreign companies
Companies based in Toronto
Ebook sources
Ebook suppliers
Electronic paper technology
Fan fiction
Internet properties established in 2006
IOS software
Naver Corporation
Online companies of Canada
Online publishing companies
Self-publishing companies
Universal Windows Platform apps


Cirsium ciliolatum is a species of thistle known by the common name Ashland thistle. It is endemic to the Klamath Mountains, where it is known from only a few occurrences in Jackson and Josephine Counties in Oregon, as well as neighboring Humboldt and Siskiyou Counties in California. It is related to Cirsium undulatum and may be more accurately described as a variety of that species.

Cirsium ciliolatum  is a perennial herb growing from a rootstock branching with runner roots to a maximum height near . It is cobwebby with fibers. The gray-green woolly leaves are smooth along the edges to deeply lobed, sometimes spiny and cobwebby, and up to 25 centimeters at the longest. The inflorescence is a cluster of several flower heads each about 2 centimeters long and up to 5 wide. The head is lined with sticky, spiny phyllaries and packed with white to lavender flowers. The fruit is an achene with a thick body a few millimeters long and a pappus about 1.5 centimeters in length.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment

ciliolatum
Flora of California
Flora of Oregon
Plants described in 1900
Flora of Northern America


Terry Joseph Galiardi (born April 22, 1988) is a Canadian-born American former professional ice hockey forward. He most notably played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Colorado Avalanche, San Jose Sharks, Calgary Flames and Winnipeg Jets.

Early life
Galiardi is the son of Terry and Lori Galiardi. He has two brothers, Rylan and Daniel. His mother is a United States citizen and Galiardi holds dual Canadian and U.S. citizenship. In international competition, Galiardi plays for the United States. He graduated from St. Mary's High School, in 2006.

Playing career
Galiardi was drafted in the second round, 55th overall, in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft by the Colorado Avalanche. Galiardi played junior hockey with the Calgary Royals of the Alberta Junior Hockey League before he was selected by the Portland Winterhawks in the WHL Bantam Draft in 2006.

Galiardi however opted to play collegiate hockey with Dartmouth College for the 2006–07 season. He finished the season with 31 points in 33 games for the Big Green, second to fellow Avalanche prospect David Jones. Galiardi left collegiate hockey to return to the Western Hockey League for the 2007–08 season. Upon his return the Calgary native had a homecoming of sorts when he was traded by the Winterhawks to the Calgary Hitmen for a 3rd round pick on August 30, 2007. Galiardi had a successful season with the Hitmen, placing second in the WHL among rookies, with 70 points, then leading the entire WHL in playoff scoring.

On May 13, 2008, Galiardi was signed by the Avalanche to a three-year entry level contract. He made his professional debut with the Avalanche's affiliate, the Lake Erie Monsters of the AHL at the start of the 2008–09 season. On March 19, 2009, Galiardi received his first NHL recall. He made his NHL debut with the Avalanche the same day in an 8–1 loss against the Edmonton Oilers. Galiardi scored his first NHL goal on March 27, against Roberto Luongo of the Vancouver Canucks despite the team losing 4–1.

In the 2009–10 season, Galiardi made Colorado's opening night roster and established himself within the team as a versatile forward. After suffering an ankle injury in his first appearance in his birthplace of Calgary against the Calgary Flames, he returned to play in 70 games placing 6th in rookie scoring with 15 goals and 39 points. Leading the Avalanche forwards on the penalty kill he posted a team high 4 short-handed points, the most by any Colorado player since Peter Forsberg and Joe Sakic in 2000–01. Due to injury, Galiardi also found a role on the Avalanche top scoring line with Paul Stastny and Chris Stewart and posted a career high four assists in a 5–1 victory over the Columbus Blue Jackets on February 2, 2010. TJ made his playoff debut and in 6 games posted 2 assists as one of the Avalanche's most notable players in the Western Conference Quarterfinals defeat to the San Jose Sharks.

On July 12, 2011, Galiardi re-signed to a one-year contract with the Colorado Avalanche. In the 2011–12 season, Galiardi continued to struggle to recapture his rookie season form and at the trade deadline on February 27, 2012, Galiardi was traded by the Avalanche, along with Daniel Winnik and a seventh-round pick, to the San Jose Sharks in exchange for Jamie McGinn and prospects Mike Connolly, Michael Sgarbossa. Galiardi struggled to immediately make an impact with the Sharks, demoted as a healthy scratch on occasion while scoring 1 goal in 14 games.
As a restricted free agent at season end, Galiardi initially opted to take the Sharks to salary arbitration before agreeing to a one-year extension on July 9, 2012. With the 2012 NHL lockout in effect and in order to keep in shape, Galiardi signed his first European contract with German second division club, SC Bietigheim Steelers on October 3, 2012. Galiardi appeared in 7 games, posting 6 points with Bietigheim before suffering a minor knee injury, which forced a return to North America for rehabilitation. Upon recovery, he returned to practice with his former WHL junior team, the Calgary Hitmen.

At the conclusion of the lockout and return to health, Galiardi struggled initially as a healthy scratch for the Sharks before securing a regular role on the team by the playoffs, to finish with 14 points in 36 games. During the 2013 Playoffs, Galiardi played on the team's top line alongside Brent Burns and Joe Thornton. On May 26, 2013, Galiardi scored his first career playoff goal, a game-winner against the Los Angeles Kings, as the Sharks went on to win 2–1.

With Galiardi again a restricted free agent, the Sharks decided to shop his rights around the league. On July 2, 2013, he opted to be traded to his hometown team, the Calgary Flames, for a fourth round draft pick in the 2015 entry draft. The Flames announced immediately that they signed Galiardi to a one-year deal worth $1.25 million. In the 2013–14 season, Galiardi failed to make the impact intended with the Flames. In 62 games he produced 4 goals and 13 assists, and was a healthy scratch a dozen times on the rebuilding Flames. He was not tendered a qualifying offer to remain with the Flames and was released to free agency.

On August 1, 2014, Galiardi signed as a free agent to a one-year, two-way contract worth $750,000 with the Winnipeg Jets. On October 9, 2014, Galiardi made the Winnipeg Jets opening lineup for the 2014–15 season. Scoreless through 17 games with the Jets, Galiardi was placed on waivers on November 25, but remained with the team.

As an impending free-agent, Galiardi left the Jets and the NHL in signing a one-year contract with Swedish club Malmö Redhawks of the SHL on June 9, 2015. In February 2016, Galiardi returned home to North America to concentrate on rehabilitating from an unspecified injury he sustained in early January, 2016.

After attending training camp on a professional tryout contract with the St. Louis Blues of the NHL, he opted to return to Europe, and in November 2016, signed a contract with Croatian team KHL Medveščak Zagreb of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). In the 2016–17 season, Galiardi had an instant impact offensively, adding 4 goals and 7 points in 8 games in Zagreb before he was traded for financial compensation to the Russian KHL team HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk, on December 23, 2016. Galiardi played in just 8 games for Neftekhimik, going scoreless.

As a free agent in the off-season, Galiardi opted to continue his tenure in the KHL, agreeing to a one-year deal with Dinamo Riga, on July 27, 2017. He again experienced a brief stint in the KHL to start the 2017–18 season, appearing in 11 games for 6 assists before opting for a release from his contract with Riga on September 25, 2017.

Galiardi effectively announced his retirement from professional hockey after 10 seasons, in becoming a co-founder and Chief Marketing Officer in a sports nutrition company specifically catering to Vegans.

International play
Galiardi, a dual citizen of the United States and Canada, chose to represent Team USA and initially attended USA Hockey's 2007 evaluation camp in Lake Placid, New York but was unable to gain selection to the 2007 World Junior Championships. His first foray into the international competition came when he was added to Team USA for the 2010 World Championships following completion of his 2009–10 rookie NHL season on April 29, 2010. On May 7, 2010, he made his Team USA debut in a 2–1 upset defeat in the World record attended Championship opening game against hosts Germany. Galiardi finished with 3 assists in 6 games as the United States slumped to a 13th-place finish.

Personal
His older brother, Rylan Galiardi (born 1986), a former professional hockey player, played in the American Hockey League.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honors

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
American men's ice hockey centers
Calgary Flames players
Calgary Hitmen players
Calgary Royals players
Colorado Avalanche draft picks
Colorado Avalanche players
Dartmouth Big Green men's ice hockey players
Dinamo Riga players
KHL Medveščak Zagreb players
Lake Erie Monsters players
Malmö Redhawks players
HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk players
San Jose Sharks players
SC Bietigheim-Bissingen players
Ice hockey people from Calgary
Winnipeg Jets players


Paul Jeremy Hemmings is an English musician and photographer. He composed the theme song for the BBC soap opera Doctors.

Career
In 2000, Hemmings composed the theme song for the BBC daytime soap opera Doctors.

Hemmings played with The La's, Mike Badger and The Onset and Ian Broudie and the Lightning Seeds. He is also a partner in Liverpool's independent Viper Label.

Hemmings' current project is called The Floatation Project. Their debut album Sonic Stories was called "understated splendour" by Mojo magazine in May 2005, whilst Uncut said "Guitarist Paul Hemmings can shine from other angles".

The second album Sounds From The Solar System released in October 2006, was called "fascinating, unsettling and unique" by Rough Trade Records.

Associated acts
 The La's (1987)
 The Onset (1987–1991)
 The Lightning Seeds (1994–1998)
 The Floatation Project (2005–present)

Solo discography
Studio albums (as The Floatation Project)
 Sonic Stories (2005)
 Sounds from the Solar System (2006)
 Made out of Worldly Shapes (2011)
 Late Night Blue (2011)

Session discography
 The La's – "Way Out" (1987)
 The Onset – The Pool of Life (1988)
 The Membranes – Kiss Ass Godhead! (1988)
 Neuro – The Electric Mothers of Invention (1993)
 Sensuround – "When I Get to Heaven" (1993)
 Mike Badger – Volume (1999)
 Mike Badger – Double Zero (2000)
 Steve Roberts – It Just Is (2001)
 The La's – Lost La's 1986–1987: Callin' All (2001)
 Aviator – Huxley Pig Part 1 (2002)
 Otaku No Denki – The Future Played Backwards (2003)
 Chris Elliot – Fierce Truth and Fortune (2007)
 Mike Badger – Rogue State (2011)
 Space - "Blow Up Doll" (2016)
 Space - Give Me Your Future (2017)
 The Thomas Scott Quintet - Marionette (2020)

References

External links
 The Viper Label official website
 Paul Hemmings on Myspace
 The Floatation Project on Myspace

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
English rock guitarists
Photographers from Liverpool
Musicians from Liverpool
The La's members
The Lightning Seeds members
The Viper Label artists


Leonor Maia, pseudonym of Maria da Conceição de Vasconcelos (8 December 1926 – 3 April 2010) was a Portuguese film actress active in the 1940s, best remembered for her role in The Tyrant Father. She retired from film in 1953. She was born in Lourenço Marques, now known as Maputo.

References

External links

1926 births
2010 deaths
Portuguese film actresses
People from Maputo


Karl Diebitsch (3 January 1899 – 6 August 1985) was an artist and the Schutzstaffel (SS) officer responsible for designing much of the SS regalia during the Nazi era, including the chained SS officer's dagger scabbard. Diebitsch worked with graphic designer Walter Heck to draft the well-known all-black SS uniform. Also with his business partner, industrialist Franz Nagy, Diebitsch began the production of art porcelain at the factory Porzellan Manufaktur Allach.

Life
Diebitsch was born on 3 January 1899, in the city of Hanover, Germany. In Hanover he completed his apprenticeship as a decorating painter after the First World War, because of his enlistment in the Imperial German Navy in 1915. He earned the Iron Cross, Second Class, while with an artillery battery during World War I.

After a short time being employed as a merchant, he resumed his education. Diebitsch enrolled in the Design School of the Academy of Plastic and Graphic Arts in Munich on 29 October 1919.

Joining the Nazi Party
On 1 May 1920, Diebitsch joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP). His membership number was 1,436. From 1920 to 1923 he was a member of the Freikorps (Free Corps). Two years after the Beer Hall Putsch Diebitsch went on to complete his formal art training in 1925, followed by several years of living and working in Munich as a painter and graphic artist. When the Nazis came to power in 1933, Diebitsch moved his family to Berlin and there joined the Reichsverband Bildender Künstler Deutschlands (National Association of German Visual Artists). In 1932, the new all-black SS uniform was designed by Diebitsch with graphic designer Walter Heck. In November 1933 he joined the SS (membership number 141,990), and in 1937 he re-joined the NSDAP, with a membership number of 4,690,956.

Artworks for Nazi Germany

Diebitsch served as the director of SS Porzellan Manufaktur Allach in 1936 until the SS enterprise had its porcelain production facility moved to Dachau. In the same year he designed SS dagger and sword parts, along with many other SS items. In 1938 he received one of the top prizes at a House of German Art exhibition in Munich for his painting titled, Mutter (Mother). In 1939 Diebitsch designed the letterhead logo of the Ahnenerbe and crests for SS officers. In May 1939 he designed a window for an exterior wall of the "König-Heinrich" dome at Quedlinburg Abbey. Diebitsch also designed many German postage stamps during the Third Reich. He was given an honorary title of Professor by Adolf Hitler.

He served on the Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS and designed a tapestry that was created by Elsie Seifert.It was removed from Heinrich Himmler's residence in Berchtesgaden in 1945 by a member of the 506th Parachute Regiment of the American 101st Airborne Division. This piece originally hung in the Reichstag, but was removed to Himmler's residence after a fire which destroyed a similar piece. The construction is of heavy gold bullion thread on a blood red velvet backing. Bullion tassels and chord. Size is approximately 7 x 9 feet.

War years and later life
Besides being an artist, Diebitsch was also a reserve officer in the Waffen-SS during the course of the Second World War. He received staff assignments to the SS-Totenkopfstandarte (SS Death’s Head Regiment), SS-Regiment "Germania", SS-Division "Wiking" and the Höchste SS- und Polizeiführer Italien (Highest SS and Police Leader Italy). Diebitsch was finally promoted to the rank of SS-Oberführer (senior colonel) on 20 April 1944. After the war, he was pardoned during the Nuremberg trials. In following years Diebitsch worked as a porcelain painter for the Heinrich & Co factory. He died in 1985.

See also
 Allach (concentration camp)
 Art of the Third Reich
 List of German painters

References

1899 births
1985 deaths
Artists from Hanover
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
SS-Oberführer
People from the Province of Hanover
Waffen-SS personnel
20th-century Freikorps personnel
Imperial German Navy personnel of World War I