Maxwell Herbert Blumfield (14 August 1922 – 20 September 2011) was an Australian rules footballer and umpire who played for South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1940s.

Playing career

Blumfield was recruited from Amateur premiers Elsternwick and he began playing with the South Melbourne reserves in 1941. A rover, he made his VFL debut in round 9, 1943 against Carlton and played all of South's remaining games that season. Blumfield played intermittently over the next three years spending most of the time in the reserves. His only senior final came in the 1945 Second-semi when he was selected to replace regular rover Reg Richards who was suffering from influenza. Despite playing well and kicking one goal, he was named emergency for the following week's 'Bloodbath' grand final when Richards recovered health. Blumfield made three VFL appearances in early 1946 before leaving for Prahran (VFA) where he played in the Reserve Grade premiership team that season.

He was the uncle of former Essendon player Justin Blumfield.

Umpiring career

Blumfield joined the VFL Reserve Grade umpires in 1947 and the following season was one of 29 promoted to the VFL senior list.  In 1949 he umpired four Victorian Country Football League (VCFL) finals including the Euroa District League Grand Final. His first VFL Reserve Grade match was in July 1951 and in August he made his debut in the VFL in round 15 at Glenferrie Oval.  He finished the season with three VFL matches and the Ovens and Murray Football League Preliminary and Grand Finals.

From 1952 to 1954 Blumfield umpired 31 out of a possible 38 VFL home and away rounds. This included the 1952 Footscray versus St. Kilda match at Yallourn as part of National Day.

On 2 August 1952 Blumfield reported Essendon full-forward John Coleman for abusive language and disputing his decision. In his testimony Blumfield stated, "Coleman said to me 'Go and get a book of rules and read them'. Later Coleman made an insulting remark". Following the guilty verdict and subsequent severe reprimand Blumfield was mobbed and hooted as he left the hearing.

Blumfield's final VFL senior match was in round 10 1954. Later in the season he finished his career with VCFL finals in the Wimmera, Ovens and Murray, Latrobe Valley, Bendigo and Ballarat leagues. In all his career encompassed 37 VFL, 11 VFL Reserve Grade, 90 VCFL and 8 Tasmanian matches in 8 seasons.

Blumfield served the VFL Umpires' Association on the Social Committee from 1951 to 1953 and was a member of the Executive Committee in 1954.

In 1961 he was appointed to the VFL Umpires' Appointment Board, the independent body that appointed and administered umpires for the VFL. Blumfield served as a member of the board from 1961 to 1976. He was chairman in 1965–66 and 1972.

Death

Blumfield died at the Austin Hospital, Melbourne, on 20 September 2011 at 89 years of age.

References

Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

1922 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Sydney Swans players
Prahran Football Club players
Australian Football League umpires
2011 deaths


Father Bombo's Pilgrimage to Mecca (alternatively titled Father Bombo's Pilgrimage to Mecca in Arabia in variant fragments of the text that survive) is an Orientalist prose satire and picaresque mock-epic coauthored by Philip Freneau and Hugh Henry Brackenridge while both men were juniors at the College of New Jersey (later Princeton University).

Penned in the autumn of 1770 but not published in its entirety until 1975, Father Bombo is regarded by some to be the first American novel, competing alongside a number of other possible candidates. Father Bombo is a contender "by virtue of its early date, its undeniably native origin and materials," the future literary contributions of Freneau and Brackenridge, and the significant political careers of their College of New Jersey classmates, who included James Madison and Aaron Burr.  Madison, in fact, co-founded the American Whig Society with Freneau and Brackenridge in 1769 and was a literary collaborator.

The novel survives as one of the literary productions of the 'Paper War,' an exchange of satire that took place between the college's rival literary clubs, The American Whig Society and the Cliosophic Society. (The two organizations would later merge to form the American Whig-Cliosophic Society in the 20th century.) A roman à clef, Father Bombo recounts a number of thinly fictionalized events from the Paper War and caricatures  Cliosophic Society members, who serve as the novel's absurd characters, including Bombo.

Synopsis

As punishment for plagiarizing the classical Syrian satirist Lucian, Father Reynardine Bombo is commanded by an apparition of the "famous prophet Mahomet" to "take a long and tedious Journey to Mecca" on foot.  To atone, Bombo must also convert to "Mahometanism," become a zealous devotee, and don a "Turkish habit and particularly that of a Pilgrim." His forced religious conversion does not prevent Bombo from frequently indulging in alcohol and pork during his pilgrimage.

Headed for the harbor of New York, Bombo sets off from his New Jersey "castle" (the fictional stand-in for the college's Nassau Hall) clothed in a turban and a "Turkish vest". Seeking quarter in inns, houses of ill fame, and at his father's castle on Long Island, Bombo initiates a series of  angry disputes when the characters he encounters fail to show the respect and deference that is his due as a pilgrim. These episodes often devolve into gross-out humor and violent slapstick pratfalls, of which Bombo is the usual victim despite his great size and pugnaciousness.

While sailing across the Atlantic, Bombo is tied to the ship's yard-arm for propositioning the captain's wife and instigating a mutiny, abducted by French then Irish privateers, and finally set adrift in a barrel. Washing ashore on the Irish coast, Bombo tries his hand at teaching and panhandling.

Bombo's trek across the Middle East and arrival in Mecca hastily are featured in the book's final chapter. In Mecca, Bombo visits the mosque that purportedly contains the tomb of Mahomet, wherein he deposits dictionaries "in one of the most sacred closets of the place" in order to complete his penance and "pacify the Ghost of Lucian." Bombo returns safely to his castle in New Jersey, a refined and responsible scholar, and he eventually retires to a country estate in the vicinity.

Rediscovery and sources
Father Bombo was thought lost after the original manuscript was destroyed in an 1802 fire in the college's Nassau Hall.  A number of other archival materials preserved from the Paper War were also destroyed.

Prior to its rediscovery, only portions of the novel's third and final book were known to have been preserved in the notebook manuscript of Whig Society member William Bradford, a literary collaborator of Freneau and Brackenridge who would later become U.S. Attorney General.

The novel was recovered in its in entirety in 1957 in Kentucky, surviving in the manuscript notebook of Whig Society member John Blair Smith.  This transcription was later donated to the Princeton University Library.

Written in a coterie style, Freneau and Brackenridge roughly alternate authorship between chapters.  Chapters written by Freneau are initialed "JΓ," and chapters by Brackenridge are initialed "IL."  These characters appear to form the inverted image of each other.

The satire of the Whig Society regularly ridiculed members of the Cliosophic Society by accusing them of being Tory Loyalists, reflecting what was likely a key political preoccupation of the day. Freneau and Brackenridge would go on to coauthor the openly nationalistic ode "The Rising Glory of America," which Brackenridge read at commencement in 1771.

Echoing Bombo's initial crime of plagiarizing Lucian, a number of moments in the text of Father Bombo's Pilgrimage to Mecca capture the traditional, yet often challenged, centrality of classical studies in American academia at the time. Several chapter epigraphs flub passages borrowed from ancient Greek and Roman authors.  To raise money, Bombo attempts to sell an edition of the works of Xenophon, which he has personally corrected.  This apparent disillusionment and growing disregard for classicism might reflect a transition in curricula that was then taking place at the College of New Jersey.  Instituted by the college's president, John Witherspoon, emphasis was being shifted away from preparing students for religious ministry, which called for classical language training, and being realigned towards the incorporation of a more liberal range of practical subjects that would better prepare students for secular careers and public service.

Father Bombo also reflects an Orientalist preoccupation with Middle Eastern culture and language that was prevalent in that era not only among American academic institutions, but among American society at large.  A unique feature of Father Bombo, however, is that the novel Orientalizes the entire American landscape: Bombo travels from castle to castle, inns are referred to as "Caravansera," a passing traveler is a "Janizary," and Anglophone names are Arabized.  Because of its associations with despotism, accusations of Orientalized tyranny were usually reserved for elites or those thought to be abusing positions of power.

References

1770 novels
18th-century American novels
Picaresque novels


Pelophylax is a genus of true frogs widespread in Eurasia, with a few species ranging into northern Africa. This genus was erected by Leopold Fitzinger in 1843 to accommodate the green frogs of the Old World, which he considered distinct from the brown pond frogs of Carl Linnaeus' genus Rana.

They are also known as water frogs, as they spend much of the summer living in aquatic habitat; the pond frogs can be found more often, by comparison, on dry land, as long as there is sufficient humidity. Yet there are species of Eurasian green frogs – the Central Asian P. terentievi, or the Sahara frog (P. saharicus) – which inhabit waterholes in the desert.

Systematics and taxonomy
Most authors throughout the 19th and 20th century disagreed with Fitzinger's assessment. The green frogs were included again with the brown frogs, in line with the tendency to place any frog similar in habitus to the common frog (R. temporaria) in Rana. That genus, in the loose circumscription, eventually became a sort of "wastebin taxon".

Around 2000, with molecular phylogenetic studies becoming commonplace, it was discovered that Fitzinger's assessment was correct after all – not only is Pelophylax an independent genus, but it does in fact belong to a lineage of Raninae not particularly close to Rana. But it also turned out that these Eurasian green frogs might not form a monophyletic lineage. The sheer number of species involved in the group of Pelophylax and its closest relatives means that it will probably be some time until the definite circumscription of this genus is resolved.

The Pelophylax frogs belong to a group of moderately advanced Raninae – possibly a clade – that also includes such genera as Babina, Glandirana, Hylarana, Pulchrana, Sanguirana, Sylvirana, as well as Hydrophylax which like Pelophylax is suspected of being not monophyletic. These genera were formerly also included in Rana by most authors, and several of them have only been established in the 1990s. And as regards the possible paraphyly of Pelophylax, it seems that some species assigned there are very close to Hylarana, and thus it might simply be a matter of moving them to that genus. But hybridogenic speciation is running rampant in the Old World green frogs, and this obfuscates the data gained from DNA sequence analyses.

Species
Including named klepta (hybridogenic species), Pelophylax sensu lato contains 25 species:

 Pelophylax bedriagae – Levant water frog
 Pelophylax bergeri – Italian pool frog
 Pelophylax caralitanus (Arikan, 1988) (formerly in P. bedriagae)
 Pelophylax cerigensis – Karpathos frog
 Pelophylax chosenicus – Seoul frog
 Pelophylax cretensis – Cretan frog
 Pelophylax cypriensis – Cyprus water frog
 Pelophylax demarchii (validity and taxonomic status unclear; klepton?)
 Pelophylax epeiroticus – Epirus water frog
 Pelophylax fukienensis (formerly in P. plancyi)
 Pelophylax hubeiensis (may belong in P. plancyi)
 Pelophylax kurtmuelleri – Balkan frog
 Pelophylax lessonae – pool frog
 Pelophylax nigromaculatus – dark-spotted frog (may include P. tenggerensis)
 Pelophylax perezi – Perez's frog
 Pelophylax plancyi – eastern golden frog (may include P. hubeiensis)
 Pelophylax porosus – Daruma pond frog
 Pelophylax ridibundus – marsh frog
 Pelophylax saharicus – Sahara frog
 Pelophylax shqipericus – Albanian water frog
 Pelophylax tenggerensis (may belong in P. nigromaculatus)
 Pelophylax terentievi (taxonomic status unclear; klepton?)

Named klepta (hybridogenic species) of Pelophylax are:
 Pelophylax kl. esculentus – edible frog (P. lessonae × P. ridibundus)
 Pelophylax kl. grafi – Graf's hybrid frog (P. perezi × P. ridibundus)
 Pelophylax kl. hispanicus – Italian edible frog (P. bergeri × P. ridibundus / P. kl. esculentus)

In addition, one species has been described that is sometimes assigned to Pelophylax, but must be considered a nomen oblitum:
 "Hyla" ranaeformis Laurenti, 1768 (= "Hyla gibbosa" Lacépède, 1788 (unavailable: published in non-binomial work) )

See also

 Hybridogenesis in water frogs

References

External links

Amphibian genera
Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger


USS Munrio (ID-2054) was a cargo ship that served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919.

SS Munrio was built as a commercial cargo ship by the Maryland Steel Company at Sparrows Point, Maryland, in 1916, for the Munson Steamship Line. The U.S. Navy acquired Munrio from Munson on 14 November 1918, assigned her the naval registry Identification Number (Id. No.) 2054, and commissioned her as USS Munrio at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the same day.

Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service (NOTS), Munrio departed Philadelphia with a cargo of 4,207 tons of United States Army supplies for France on 21 November 1918, arriving at Le Havre, France, on 10 December 1918 to unload her cargo. On 25 December 1918 she crossed the English Channel to Plymouth, England. On 27 December 1918 she got underway with a mixed U.S. Army cargo of 2,500 tons for Philadelphia, where she arrived on 12 January 1919.

Munrio was decommissioned on 3 February 1919 and transferred to the United States Shipping Board the same day for simultaneous return to Munson Steamship Line.

She returned to mercantile service as SS Munrio, operating under that name until 1937, when she was renamed SS Szent Gellert. She became SS Carola in 1940, SS Mary Louise in 1946 and SS Maria L. in 1950. She underwent two more name changes in 1950, to SS Tropic and then SS Nerina, before her long career came to an end when she was wrecked near Santa Cruz del Norte, Cuba, on 25 November 1950.

References

Department of the Navy, Naval Historical Center: Online Library of Selected Images: Civilian Ships: S.S. Munrio (American Freighter, 1916) Served as USS Munrio (ID # 2054) in 1918-1919. Later S.S. Szent Gellert, Carola, Mary Louise, Maria L., Tropic, and Nerina.
NavSource Online NavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive Munrio (ID 2054)

Ships built in Sparrows Point, Maryland
1916 ships
Cargo ships of the United States Navy


Robert Nathaniel Heppler (born December 3, 1979 in Natick, Massachusetts) is a footwear designer and writer. He has worked as a professional journalist and blogger.

Nike credits him with the design, concept, and packaging of such shoes as the Lobster Dunk and the Coraline Dunk.

Heppler's podcast The Weekly Drop has been featured on Sirius Satellite Radio and syndicated to college radio stations across the country. Heppler also appears as an industry expert on ESPN2.

Heppler graduated from the Wieden+Kennedy 12 program, which focuses on strategy, communication and the crossover between urban culture and mainstream brands.

Heppler is the co-founder of the American luxury brand Buscemi, where he focuses on product design and creative marketing.

He currently lives in Los Angeles, California.

References

1979 births
People from Natick, Massachusetts
Living people


Michael Wolff may refer to:

 Michael Wolff (graphic designer) (born 1933), British graphic designer, co-founder of Wolff Olins
 Michael Wolff (journalist) (born 1953), American author, essayist, and journalist
 Michael Wolff (musician) (born 1952), American jazz musician
 Michael A. Wolff (born 1945), Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Missouri, Dean Emeritus of Saint Louis University School of Law

See also
 Michael Wolf (disambiguation)
 Michael Wolfe (disambiguation)


Alexander McCurdy Jr. (August 18, 1905 in Eureka, California – June 1, 1983 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was an organist and educator who taught a generation of America's most-prominent performers.

Education and family
After overcoming early struggles with infantile paralysis, McCurdy moved east to study organ with T. Tertius Noble. Dr. Noble was unable to take any more students and so suggested that McCurdy study instead with the great Lynnwood Farnam, first in New York (1924–1927) and then in Philadelphia's newly established Curtis Institute of Music. In 1931, McCurdy became one of the Institute's earliest graduates, and received his diploma at the first official commencement ceremony in 1934. He had already made his professional concert debut at New York's Town Hall in 1926, and thereafter toured as a recitalist, often in duo performances with his wife since 1932, harpist Flora Greenwood. They had two children, Alexander "Sandy" McCurdy III (a prominent minister and psychoanalyst) and Xandra McCurdy Schultz (whose son produced a televised mini-documentary about his organist grandfather).

Career and musical legacy
McCurdy was organist and choirmaster at St. Luke's Episcopal Church in San Francisco from 1921 until 1924. He became organist and choirmaster at Philadelphia's Second Presbyterian Church in 1927, where he greatly enlarged the pipe organ. After a 1949 merger, this was the First Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia, from which he retired in 1971.

McCurdy headed the organ department at Philadelphia's Curtis Institute from 1935 to 1972 and also at Princeton's Westminster Choir College (later part of Rider University) from 1940 to 1965, where he received an honorary doctorate at the conclusion of his tenure. He taught hundreds of organ students over the years, with many becoming prominent concert performers, composers and educators. These included Walter Baker, Richard Purvis, David N. Johnson, Gordon Young, David Craighead, Thomas Schippers, James Litton, Barbara Owen, Temple Painter, Robert Carwithen, Hedley Yost, John Weaver, Joan Hult Lippincott, William S. Wrenn, William Whitehead, George W. Decker, Cherry Rhodes, John Binsfeld, Keith Chapman, David Spicer, John Tuttle, Michael Stairs, Gordon Turk, Karl Watson, and Charles Callahan.

McCurdy's students generally manifested a sublime lyricism in playing, and more than a few shared his affinity for the Symphonic school of pipe-organ design. This affinity has helped preserve several important symphonic organs in Philadelphia, particularly the Wanamaker Organ, the E.M. Skinner organ at Girard College Chapel, and the Curtis Organ at Irvine Auditorium (University of Pennsylvania).

On May 13, 2005, Westminster Choir College celebrated McCurdy’s centennial year with a daylong series of concerts and remembrances at the Princeton University Chapel and Westminster’s Bristol Chapel, including featured performances by Weaver, Lippincott, Tuttle, and Stairs. For many years, Westminster held the annual "Alexander McCurdy Competition in Organ Performance" among its students.

McCurdy bequeathed his music collection to the Bagaduce Music Lending Library.

Selected works
 "Notable Organs of America," Alexander McCurdy, The Etude, June 1947.
 "Keeping Up Mendelssohn," Alexander McCurdy, The Etude, February 1948.
 "Music for Harp and Organ," Alexander McCurdy, The Etude, September 1954 (including cover photo with his wife).

References

American organists
American male organists
Curtis Institute of Music faculty
Westminster Choir College faculty
Curtis Institute of Music alumni
Musicians from Philadelphia
People from Eureka, California
1905 births
1983 deaths
20th-century American musicians
20th-century organists
20th-century American male musicians


Nestegis sandwicensis, commonly known as Hawai'i olive or olopua, is a species of flowering tree in the olive family, Oleaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It is found on all major islands at elevations of  in coastal mesic and mixed mesic forests, and, especially, dry forests. It usually reaches a height of  with a trunk diameter of , but may reach  in height with a trunk diameter of .

Uses
Native Hawaiians used the hard wood of olopua to make au koi (adze handles), apuapu (rasps for making fish hooks), ōō (digging sticks), lāau melomelo (fishing lures), pou (house posts), pāhoa (daggers), pīkoi (tripping weapons similar to a rope dart), and spears.  Because the wood burned well even if green, it was used as wahie (firewood).

References

Further reading

External links

sandwicensis
Endemic flora of Hawaii
Trees of Hawaii
Biota of Hawaii (island)
Biota of Kauai
Biota of Lanai
Biota of Maui
Biota of Molokai
Biota of Oahu
Plants described in 1862
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


"Margaritaville" is the third episode of the thirteenth season of the American animated television series South Park. The 184th overall episode of the series, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on March 25, 2009, as an Easter special. The episode is a satire and commentary on the global recession affecting much of the industrialized world at the time of the episode's broadcast. Kyle Broflovski is portrayed as a Jesus-like savior working to save the economy, and Stan Marsh spends much of the episode trying to return a personal Jimmy Buffett Margaritaville machine.

The episode was written and directed by series co-founder Trey Parker, and was rated TV-MA L in the United States. Parker and Stone long planned to create an episode about the economy and considered making it the season premiere, but decided they needed more time to craft the script, and instead opened the season with "The Ring", a spoof of the Jonas Brothers boy band. In their original idea for an economy episode, Parker and Stone considered having Cartman dress as a superhero who fights the economy. That idea was ultimately scrapped, and elements were transferred to the season's second episode, "The Coon".

"Margaritaville" reflected Parker and Stone's belief that most Americans view the economy in the same way as religion, in that it is seldom understood but seen as an important, elusive entity. The Margaritaville blender featured in the episode serves as a metaphor for American consumerism, as well as the housing bubble. The script proved challenging for Parker and Stone, and they did not finish writing it until the night before the episode first aired. Parker and Stone themselves were not entirely pleased with the final episode, although it received generally positive reviews from television critics.

According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by 2.77 million households in its original airing, making it the most-watched Comedy Central production of the week. "Margaritaville" won the 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program for Programming Less Than One Hour. "Margaritaville" was released on DVD and Blu-ray along with the rest of the thirteenth season on March 16, 2010.

Plot
Randy Marsh is trying to teach his son Stan to save money, so he has him deposit $100 into the bank, only for it to "disappear" moments later when the bank manager invests the money in a money market mutual fund. After Stan is kicked out of line because it is only for bank members who have money, the same thing happens to an elderly woman. When Randy complains to the manager, his money is transferred from his account into a portfolio with Stan and the manager repeats "Aaaand it's gone!". A recession then hits the nation and South Park.

At dinner, Randy explains to Stan that the economy is failing due to people spending their money on luxuries. He continues his hypocritical tirade while making himself a margarita in a Margaritaville-brand mixer, the noise of which drowns out his voice for part of the tirade.

People in South Park are struggling with the recent economic downturn, and many people on the street are castigating those whom they would blame. Eric Cartman blames the Jews, claiming they hid the money in a "Jew Cave", but Randy convinces everyone to reduce their spending to only the "bare essentials" in order to propitiate the Economy, justifying his own frivolous purchase by adding that the essentials include margaritas. His recommended changes make the town resemble first-century Galilee.

Kyle Broflovski becomes annoyed, responding that the Economy is not actually angry with them, and that they should be out spending money, and continues to preach that the economy only exists as a mental construct, and that people have lost their faith in it because of the recession. He then convinces his friends that if they want the economy to be strong, they must have faith in it. Upon hearing of this heresy, Randy and his makeshift economic council decide that they must kill Kyle. Cartman, in his desire to obtain a copy of Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars, says that he will deliver Kyle to Randy and his friends in exchange for the game.

In a scene resembling that of the Last Supper, Kyle and his friends go out for pizza, where he laments that he feels they will not be able to get together like this anymore because he thinks one of his friends will betray him. The next day, Kyle sets up a table with a credit card machine in the town and begins "paying everybody's debts" with his American Express Platinum Card. Kyle's mother begs him to stop because he will be in debt for life, but Kyle feels he must help everybody in the town. After paying for the debts, he passes out and the people carry him to his bed.

Soon enough, the economy takes a turn for the better. Malls and shops start opening again for business, and the now debt free people start purchasing again. Randy is shown buying the new Margaritaville with a salsa dispenser ("You pour salsa into the top, and then it dispenses out the bottom!"). The news incorrectly acknowledges President Barack Obama for the sacrifices he made and credits him for bringing these improvements in the economy, leaving Kyle flabbergasted.

As a subplot, Stan spends most of the episode trying to return the aforementioned Margaritaville mixer. The trendy retailer Sur La Table will not accept the return because it was bought on a payment plan, and as Stan tries to find out to whom he can return it, for each person to tell him the debt has been packaged and sold to someone else (much like real-life mortgage-backed securities). Eventually, he goes all the way to the United States Treasury, where a group of associates "consult the charts" and tell him the mixer is worth $90 trillion. As Stan questions this, one of the treasury workers announces that another insurance company is failing and asks what they should do. They decide they have to "consult the charts" again, and Stan follows them inside to a round lit-up game show style board, where the men cut off a chicken's head and let the decapitated chicken run on the board while one of them plays a tune (similar to "Yakety Sax") on a kazoo. The chicken falls on the "bailout!" spot, so that is what the men do. Angered by the farcical nature of the system, Stan smashes the mixer on the platform by the chicken's body and walks off.

Production

"Margaritaville" was written and directed by series co-founder Trey Parker. It first aired on March 25, 2009, in the United States on Comedy Central. Parker and fellow co-creator Matt Stone said they had long planned to do an episode about the global recession, and they argued over whether to start the season with an episode about the economy, or "The Ring," an episode mocking the Jonas Brothers, a boy band which had recently grown in popularity. Stone argued the season premiere should focus on the economy because it was the biggest news item at the time, but Parker felt they needed more time to craft the script, and that the Jonas Brothers would be a funny season opener. Stone ultimately agreed, and later admitted it was the right decision. During an interview a few weeks before the episode aired, Stone said, "That's one of those big things we want to get right. We'll be talking about what kind of social commentary we want to make and do it right."

Parker and Stone originally planned for their economy-related episode to involve Cartman dressing as a superhero named "The Coon" and fighting the recession. Eventually, Cartman would discover the recession stemmed from the sale of Jimmy Buffett's Margaritaville blenders, and he would have to battle singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett and investor Warren Buffett, who would be portrayed as Jimmy's brother. Eventually, the idea was scrapped, and the superhero elements were incorporated into the episode "The Coon", which aired just before "Margaritaville". The opening scene of "The Coon", in which Cartman discussed the poor economic state of the nation and the election of U.S. President Barack Obama, were left remnants of the original economy-related idea. Certain elements of the original idea, such as the Margaritaville blenders, were eventually incorporated into "Margaritaville".

As with most South Park episodes, Parker, Stone, and their team created the episode within a week of its broadcast date. The script was not finished until late March 24, the night before the episode aired. "Margaritaville" featured a 70-second shot which panned over several characters speaking about the recession on pedestals before finally settling on Randy wearing robes and preaching about the economy. It was the longest shot in South Park history to that point, although it would be surpassed later in the season by "Dances with Smurfs", which featured an 86-second single shot in which a South Park elementary student is murdered while reading the morning announcements.

Within a week of "Margaritaville's" original broadcast date, the online retailer Zazzle and South Park Studios, the official South Park website, released T-shirts and hooded sweatshirts based on "Margaritaville", including shirts with Randy dressed in rags saying "Finger pointing gets us nowhere!" and "We must mock The Economy no longer!" Other shirts included the finance company executive saying "Ooh, yeah, no, you know what, yeah, no..." and an image of The Last Supper-inspired pizza dinner between Kyle and his friends.

Theme

"Margaritaville" is a satire and commentary on the global recession affecting much of the industrialized world at the time of the episode's broadcast on March 25, 2009. Parker and Stone believed many viewed the economy as an important, elusive entity without truly understanding how it works, and felt it mirrored faith in religion. The duo had difficulty writing the script due to their limited familiarity with religion and Christian history, and they relied heavily on executive producer Anne Garefino for help. In describing the economic elements of the episode, they sought assistance from Stone's father, who works as an economist. The scenes in which Stan explains how his Margaritaville blender was purchased on a payment plan that was eventually combined into securities sold to the banks required particular assistance from Stone's father. Parker said the dialogue proved so difficult, they were working on the script right up until the night before the episode was first broadcast.

The Margaritaville blender itself served as a metaphor for consumerism and the tendency of Americans to buy luxuries that they do not need. Stone said, "We didn't want to make an episode where it was like, 'Oh, those Wall Street guys took our money.' It was one of those things where we all screwed up and nobody really knows what's going on, but it has something to do with buying shit like Margaritavilles." The Margaritaville also serves as a metaphor for the housing bubble. Parker himself actually owns a Margaritaville, of which he said, "It's pretty stupid because it really is just a blender".

Cultural references

The episode's title comes from the Jimmy Buffett's Margaritaville blender featured in the episode, which serves as a metaphor for the housing bubble. "Margaritaville" is also the name of a popular 1977 song by Jimmy Buffett, who has been the butt of South Park humor in the past. In "Margaritaville", Kyle is portrayed as a Jesus-like savior who makes a tremendous sacrifice to save the economy. A dinner he has with his friends is portrayed as the Last Supper, the final meal Jesus had with his Twelve Apostles before his death. Cartman takes on the role of Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Jesus (in the Last Supper scene he even sits in the same position as Judas in da Vinci's painting), while some of the South Park residents form a council. Kyle uses a platinum American Express card to pay off the debts of all South Park residents.

Cartman says he wants the soon-to-be-released Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars game for the handheld game console Nintendo DS. The game was released within a week of the original "Margaritaville" broadcast date. Representatives from game developer Rockstar Games told video game blog Kotaku they liked the reference, and did not know in advance it would be in the episode.

Reception
Parker and Stone themselves were not entirely pleased with the final result of "Margaritaville". Although they liked the idea, they felt the main storyline involving the economy and the subplot involving Stan and the Margaritaville blender did not come together in the end as the duo originally hoped they would when they started writing the script. Parker said of the episode, "I give the concept on this an A, and the execution like a C−." In its original American broadcast, "Margaritaville" was watched by 2.77 million overall households, according to the Nielsen Media Research, making it the most-watched Comedy Central production of the week. The episode received generally positive reviews from television critics. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly said of the episode, "The episode was the most back-handed endorsement imaginable of President Obama's economic bailout plan. Or the most withering dismantling of it. As usual, South Park had it both ways." Tucker also said of Cartman's blaming the Jews for the recession, "Among its many achievements, South Park has exposed anti-Semitism to such relentless ridicule over the years, it deserves some sort of humanitarian award."

Financial writer Roger Nusbaum said the episode was not only "humorous" but provided a decent analysis of the recession. He particularly praised Randy's inclusion of margaritas with the barest of necessities; Nusbaum said most people tend to take on absurd expenses that they fail to realize are unnecessary, even as they discuss the plight of the economy. Brad Trechak of HuffPostTV called "Margaritaville" a highlight of the season. Mike Fahey of Kotaku said the episode had "a clever little plot". Zac Bissonnette of BloggingStocks said of the episode, "It isn't quite as trenchant as some of the other Wall Street satire that's been making the rounds, but it's definitely worth watching." Carlos Delgado of If magazine said the episode included many excellent moments, including the headless chicken method of making economic decisions, but otherwise felt "Margaritaville" was not as strong as previous episodes like "The Ring". Delgado said, "Maybe I'm too depressed about the current economic situation, who knows, but although 'Margaritaville' was well written and poignant, I wasn't bursting out in laughter every two minutes."

In 2016, the episode was highlighted in the academic journal Religions.

The segment in which the bankteller says "And... it's gone" has become a popular internet meme.

Catholic Answers apologist and speaker Trent Horn has referenced the episode as an accurate depiction of the satisfaction theory of atonement, with Kyle representing Jesus taking all of the town's debt upon himself

Emmy Award
Parker and Stone decided to submit "Margaritaville" for an Emmy Award because they had received a large amount of positive feedback about the episode from adults and older viewers. Since most Emmy voters are older, they decided "Margaritaville" stood the best chance of winning. Stone joked, "If an Emmy voter were to watch this, they might think the show was smarter than it was, so they might be fooled into voting for us." "Margaritaville" ultimately won the 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program for Programming Less Than One Hour. It competed against Robot Chicken, The Simpsons and American Dad! at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards, which was held September 12, 2009.

Home media
"Margaritaville", along with the thirteen other episodes from South Park'''s thirteenth season, were released on a three-disc DVD set and two-disc Blu-ray set in the United States on March 16, 2010. The sets included brief audio commentaries by Parker and Stone for each episode, a collection of deleted scenes, and a special mini-feature Inside Xbox: A Behind-the-Scenes Tour of South Park Studios, which discussed the process behind animating the show with Inside Xbox'' host Major Nelson.

References

External links

 "Margaritaville" Episode at South Park Studios

Emmy Award-winning programs
Jimmy Buffett
South Park (season 13) episodes
Television episodes about suicide
United States housing bubble
Works about the Great Recession
Easter television episodes
Film and television memes
Emmy Award-winning episodes


Frederick William Abercrombie Sigmont (14 May 1873 – 30 July 1950) was an Australian rules footballer who played for South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Originally from Carlton Juniors, Sigmont played six games with Williamstown Football Club in the 1894 VFA season. The next season he transferred to Carlton but did not make a senior appearance in his time with the club. Sigmont played six times with South Melbourne in 1897, the inaugural VFL season, and took part in their first ever match in the league.

As a goal umpire, Sigmont officiated in the 1909 VFL Grand Final, which his former club won. In all he made umpired in 108 games, before retiring in 1915.

References

External links

1873 births
1950 deaths
Williamstown Football Club players
Sydney Swans players
Australian Football League umpires
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
People from Collingwood, Victoria


Pedro is a 2008 American film about Pedro Zamora, an openly gay, Cuban-American AIDS educator and television personality, who became famous as a castmember on The Real World: San Francisco, MTV's reality television series. It was produced by Bunim-Murray Productions, the same company that produces The Real World, and is their first scripted project. It was produced by Richard Glatzer and Wash Westmoreland, written by Dustin Lance Black and Paris Barclay (story) and directed by Nick Oceano.  The film stars Alex Loynaz, Justina Machado and Hale Appleman.

The film was an Official Selection at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival.

The film aired on MTV on April 1, 2009 before the season finale of The Real World: Brooklyn.

Plot

The film opens with 22-year-old AIDS activist Pedro Zamora in his New York City hotel room in 1994, getting ready for an appearance on CBS. His contact calls him to ask why he has not arrived at the studio, but Zamora, disoriented, does not know who he is. Hotel security subsequently finds him lying unconscious on the floor.

In a flashback, 21-year-old Zamora is in Miami, Florida, where his family emigrated from Cuba. After making an audition tape for MTV's reality television series, The Real World: San Francisco, he is interviewed by producers. He tells him that if he is cast, he will not change his name to "Peter", nor hide his HIV status. He says that it does not matter if he dies of AIDS, as it is more important that he speak out about the disease. He is eventually cast, and meets his housemates when he moves into the house. As the housemates get to know one another, Judd Winick, who was informed by the producers that he would be living with someone with AIDS, is nervous about which of his housemates has it.

Zamora tells the others about his HIV/AIDS status by showing them his scrap book as an AIDS educator. Housemate Rachel Campos, who is uncomfortable, feels it is Pedro's responsibility to ease her concerns, and that she is being made the villain. Housemate David "Puck" Rainey, meanwhile, makes derogatory jokes about Zamora and his homosexuality. Zamora spends time with Sean Sasser, and becomes friends with Pam and Judd, his roommates. Rainey alienates the rest of the cast with his behavior, and when Zamora threatens to move out if Rainey stays, the others evict Rainey.

Zamora continues his work, speaking publicly despite protesters, though he continues to get sicker. Despite Winick's attempts to be reassuring, Zamora laments that he is only going to get worse. When one of the producers asks him if he wants to stop taping or be sent home, Zamora insists that he promise him that they continue filming until the end.

In 1994, the unconscious Zamora is brought to St. Vincent's Hospital in New York. He is told that his sister, Mily, will be arriving to see him. When a staffperson asks him if he wishes her to remove the anklet he has on his left ankle, he refuses.

In an interview, Mily Zamora calls her brother a "miracle", as her mother, who had already had several children, had had an operation to prevent further pregnancies prior to his conception. In a flashback, the young Zamora is taken to a priest of Santería, who adorns him with flowers, and ties a chain to his ankle to keep him symbolically tied to Earth. Later the family is torn in half during the Mariel Boat Lift, because the four eldest children are of military age, and are not permitted to leave. They insist to their parents that they leave with Zamora, Mily, and younger brother Jesus.

The family settles in Miami. Zamora's mother, Zoraida, grows close to her children, but the separation from her older children makes life difficult for her. When he is 13, his mother dies of cancer. Zamora does not openly grieve, but decides to become a doctor. By the time he is a young man, Mily is troubled by the secretive nature of the time he spends with his "friends". After rummaging through his belongings, and finding letters, she discovers that he is gay, leading to a confrontation.

In 1994, Mily is at Saint Vincent's, and is told that her brother may have toxoplasmosis, a parasitic infection common to AIDS patients, but that it may be the more serious PML. Further tests must be conducted to make a determination.

In flashback, Zamora is an outgoing teenager who easily finds suitors. He does not practice safe sex, because the only education he receives on AIDS presents it as something that afflicts only prostitutes and drug addicts. When he is 17, he volunteers to give blood at a high school blood drive, and discovers he has HIV. Mily is devastated when she finds out. He goes into denial, but months before he graduates high school, he comes down with shingles, and comes to the conclusion that he has no future. After educating himself, however, he decides to dedicate his life to becoming an AIDS educator, speaking at schools, and doing radio shows.

In an interview, Zamora's boyfriend, Sean Sasser, talks about how he tested positive while at culinary college, and later met Zamora at a gay and lesbian march in Washington, D.C. As they get to know one another, they feel a mutual attraction. Sasser tells Zamora that he should look him up if he ever visits San Francisco. When Zamora eventually does move to San Francisco six months later as part of The Real World, they begin to date, though Zamora is reluctant to be open about his sexuality in public, having been subject to homophobia in Miami. Nonetheless, the two fall in love, and Sasser asks Zamora if he will stay in the city after filming ends. The two exchange wedding vows in a ceremony in the Real World house.

In 1994, Winick visits Zamora at Saint Vincent's, and tells him that Zamora's agent asked him if he would substitute at his lecture. Winick suggests postponing the lecture, but Zamora insists that he stand in. After Zamora undergoes a brain biopsy, Mily expresses enthusiasm that he will appear on TV, but he tells her that he will not be making any more appearances. He is transferred to a Miami hospital, where his loved ones are told that he has PML, and that he does not have much time left. Sasser insists that they try all available treatments, including an experimental one that would likely be painful. Zamora's family oppose the treatment, and wish to take him home. Zamora also decides against the treatment, and asks to be taken home, where his family try to bar Sasser from seeing him. As his condition deteriorates, and his story makes the news, he confronts his sister over his family's exclusion of Sasser. After they view a videotape of the wedding ceremony, they have a change of heart, and welcome Sasser back into the fold. Zamora gets a phone call from President Bill Clinton, who thanks him for his work, and who facilitates the reunion of his older brothers and sisters, who have been allowed to leave Cuba to join the family in Miami. As the family is now reunited, the bedridden Zamora sees a vision of his mother at his bedside.

Pedro dies on November 11, 1994. Footage of Pedro Zamora and Sean Sasser's real-life commitment ceremony from The Real World is shown, over which title cards describe what happened to the others in the story.

Cast
 Alex Loynaz as Pedro Zamora
 Justina Machado as Mily Zamora
 Hale Appleman as Judd Winick
 DaJuan Johnson as Sean Sasser
 Matt Barr as David "Puck" Rainey
 Jenn Liu as Pam Ling
 Karolin Luna as Rachel Campos
 Anibal O. Lleras as Hector Zamora
 Theresa Hernandez as Zoraida Zamora
 Jorge Blanco Muñoz as Jesús Zamora
 Judd Winick (cameo)
 Pam Ling (cameo)

Production and release
Writer Dustin Lance Black was approached by director Paris Barclay with the idea for the project in 2003. Black, who is gay, was a fan of The Real World: San Francisco, on which Pedro Zamora was a cast member, though Black himself was still in the closet at the time that it originally aired. Black was inspired by Zamora's decision to become a public educator, despite the bigoted attacks that he suffered. Black was further motivated by the state of the AIDS epidemic at the time of the film's production, commenting that "Pedro's message is getting lost", and hoping that the film might motivate young people to continue Zamora's work. Barclay inquired with Bunim-Murray, the company that produces The Real World for MTV, and which ultimately produced Pedro, and learned that there had been attempts in the past, but which had failed to reach fruition. Barclay also approached former cast members Judd Winick and Pam Ling, explaining to them his vision to movie in order to seek their blessing and their assistance with its production. Lance Black also interviewed other people who had been close to Zamora, including his widower, Sean Sasser.

In late 2008, the film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival, with Zamora's older sister Mily in attendance. Mily reacted emotionally to the experience, and lauded the film for having accurately captured her brother and his message.

Awards
In 2010, Pedro writers Dustin Lance Black and Paris Barclay were nominated for a WGA Award. Pedro also received a Humanitas Prize nomination and a GLAAD Media Award nomination for Outstanding TV Movie or Mini-Series during the 21st GLAAD Media Awards.

Criticism
Zamora's husband, Sean Sasser, took issue with the film's portrayal of his relationship with Zamora's family. In the film, after Zamora is hospitalized in Miami, his father and brothers initially refuse to accept Sasser as Zamora's spouse, telling Sasser that their time in San Francisco is over, and attempt to keep them apart. After Zamora objects to this, Zamora's family is made to watch the video of their commitment ceremony, and accept Sasser as Zamora's husband. Sasser, who regretted not having had an opportunity to spend more time with Zamora, stated that this change of heart did not occur in reality, saying, "I have a lot of resentment toward dealing with his family's homophobia, as well as dealing with him dying... It's troublesome. If there had been some sort of support behind our commitment ceremony... I had a hard time dealing with his family. With Pedro's death and being allowed in the hospital... I don't know. Maybe it could have helped the family deal with my presence, you know?"

References

External links

 Pedro at mtv.com

American LGBT-related films
HIV/AIDS in American films
Films with screenplays by Dustin Lance Black
American biographical drama films
2008 biographical drama films
Films set in California
Films set in the 1990s
2008 films
The Real World (TV series)
2008 drama films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films


L'Ymagier, subtitled "A Magazine of Engravings", was a French symbolist art magazine edited by Alfred Jarry and Remy de Gourmont between 1894 and 1895. It ran for five issues and disbanded one year after its first printing, but in that time it published many prints and engravings by influential artists of the time, including Henri Rousseau.

Beginnings
Jarry, a French playwright and artist, and Gourmont, a novelist and poet of the same nationality, had worked in woodcuttings for many years before they joined together to form the magazine, although both men were so poor at times that they were forced to experiment with other mediums, such as linoleum and soap for their cuttings. Jarry had also been fascinated with the editorial aspects of publication since he, Francois Coulon and Louis Lormel had collaborated on L’Art Litteraire in 1893–94, which Jarry contributed to and Lormel edited. Jarry and Gourmont founded their own magazine in 1894 with a modest fortune, thus giving them a venue through which they would have complete artistic control over the expression and presentation of both their art and their interests.

Symbolism

Jarry wrote in L’Ymagier of the power of the direct and archetypal symbol, and set about comparing those symbols, such as the Passion and the Virgin Mary to the deliberately primitive pieces of Paul Gauguin and Émile Bernard, as well as many of his own works. The theme of the universal, primitive, and often childish forces at work in art and society was one that both Jarry and Gourmont would revisit often in their own writing and artwork, particularly in Jarry's most famous play "Ubu Roi." The two also attempted to impress in their magazine the rejection of an optical reality, and instead tried to return art to a place of cult and ritual, hence the heavy religious imagery which peppered several of the issues.

Publication
The first issue was published in October 1894, and was entitled "The Passion" as it contained many woodcuttings depicting the Passion of Christ. It was filled with elaborate and striking religious imagery, yet it was followed shortly by the shockingly graphic and unusual issue "Monsters" in January 1895. Following that was an issue in April 1895 entitled "The Virgin and Christ Child" and then a revisiting of "The Passion" in July of the same year. The final issue, published in October 1895 was the most sparse of all. It was entitled "Gingerbread Figures" and contained only five pictures, four published under the name Alain Jans, Jarry's nom-de-plume, and one which was unsigned. Shortly after this issue Jarry and Gourmont separated and the magazine quietly died out.

Contributors
Aside from Jarry and Gourmont, L'Ymagier published engravings from Gauguin, Bernard, Francois Georgin, a renowned woodcutter of the day, and Henri Rousseau who developed the status of cult artist due to his work in the magazine and was consistently one of its most popular contributors.

Afterwards
Following his father's death in 1895 Jarry used his inheritance to found Perhinderion, a journal whose title is a Breton word for pilgrimage. The journal was dedicated to juxtaposing conflicting elements often seen separately in art, such as intellectuality and naiveté, as well as presenting the complete works of Albrecht Dürer, a 15th-century painter and printmaker from Germany. Special attention was paid to Dürer's Saint Catherine which is highly symbolist in the way it moves between the formal and the hallucinatory. Jarry declared in the first issue of Perhinderion that the reproductions of the woodcuts would be photoengraved ... without reducing their size, and struck ... on laid paper, which is the most similar to the original paper." This, along with the lavish format, led production costs to be so high that publication was discontinued after only two issues.
Though short lived, Jarry and Gourmont's work in L’Ymagier and the magazine's highly symbolist style influenced many artists and writers of the early 20th century, notably Pablo Picasso and Max Jacob, who would build on Jarry and Gourmont's work in symbolism through Surrealism and Dadaism in the 1900s.

Further reading
Stabenow, Cornelia. “Henri Rousseau, 1844-1910.” Taschen, 2001.
L’Ymagier from the Remy de Gourmont web page.
L’Ymagier exhibit at the University of Kansas’s Spencer Museum of Art.
Arrivé, Michel. Les Langages de Jarry. Klincksieck, 1972.
LaBelle, Maurice Marc. Alfred Jarry - Nihilism and the Theater of the Absurd. New York University Press, 1980.

1894 establishments in France
1895 disestablishments in France
French art publications
Defunct magazines published in France
Magazines published in France
French-language magazines
Magazines established in 1894
Magazines disestablished in 1895


The Manatee of Helena is a creature believed to have once inhabited the coast of Saint Helena, an island supposed to be largely populated by manatees during the days of colonization. Unlike known manatee species, Helena manatees were semi-aquatic, often coming onto land like seals. There is no evidence to prove its existence, and only two eyewitness accounts have been reported. Southern elephant seals historically bred on the island, and this cryptid could be a misidentification of elephant seals.

References

Fauna of Saint Helena
Legendary mammals
Purported mammals
Sirenians


Mother and Son is an Australian television sitcom.

Mother and Son may also refer to:
 Mother and Son (1931 film), a film directed by John P. McCarthy
 Mother and Son (1997 film), a Russian film
 Mother and Son (2022 film), a French film
 Mother and Son (2023 TV series), a 2023 reboot television series of the Australian sitcom
 "Mother and Son" (Dynasty), a 1982 episode of the American TV series Dynasty
 Mother and Son, a 1923 play by Louis Esson
 Mother and Son, a 1955 novel by Ivy Compton-Burnett
 "Ka Makuahine A Me Ke Keikikane" (or "Mother and Son"), the seventh episode of the seventh season of Hawaii Five-0

See also
Mothers and Sons (disambiguation)


Nenjiang City (), formerly Nenjiang County, is a county-level city under the administration of Heihe prefecture-level city in northwestern Heilongjiang province, China. It is located on the river of the same name (Nen River), which also forms part of the provincial border with Inner Mongolia, more than  southwest of the urban area of Heihe. The city seat is Nenjiang Town. Land area , population 500,000.

History
Under the name Mergen or Merghen (, Mò'ěrgēn), Nenjiang was the provincial capital and seat of the military governor of Heilongjiang Province in 1690–1699.

Geography and climate

Nenjiang has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb), with long, harsh, but dry winters, and short, very warm summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from  in January to  in July; the year averages out at only . Around 80% of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 53% in July to 74% in February, sunshine is generous year-round, totalling 2,726 hours annually.

Administrative divisions
Nenjiang City is divided into 9 towns and 5 townships.
9 towns
 Nenjiang (), Yilaha (), Shuangshan (), Duobaoshan (), Haijiang (), Qianjin (), Zhangfu (), Keluo (), Huolongmen ()
5 townships
 Linjiang (), Lianxing (), Baiyun (), Taxi (), Changjiang ()

References

County level divisions of Heilongjiang
Cities in Heilongjiang
Heihe


Beyle (Berta) Friedberg (; 3 May 1864 – 15 October 1944), best known by the pen names Isabella () and Isabella Arkadevna Grinevskaya (), was a Russian-Jewish novelist, poet, and dramatist. As a translator, she translated into Russian works from Polish, German, French, Italian, Armenian, and Georgian.

Biography

Early life and career
Beyle Friedberg was born in Grodno to Russian Hebrew writer Abraham Shalom Friedberg, later moving to Saint Petersburg. There she frequented Yiddish literary circles and, in 1886, married fellow writer Mordecai Spector. They moved to Warsaw the following year, where they would eventually divorce.

Her first published story, a novella entitled Der yosem ( 'The Orphan'), appeared under the pseudonym "Isabella" in the first volume of Der hoyz-fraynd in 1888. She continued to write short stories for Der hoyz-fraynd and the Yidishe bibliotek through the 1890s, depicting the social conditions of the Eastern European Jewish middle class, particularly the experiences of young educated women from the Jewish community. In these stories, she dwells on comparisons between the older and the newer generation, and points out the dangers of a superficial modern education. Her novella Fun glik tsum keyver: a khosn oyf oystsoln ( 'From Joy to the Grave: A Husband on the Installment Plan') was published in Warsaw in 1894.

Grinevskaya's career as a dramatist began with Ogon'ki ( 'The First Storm'), a Russian one-act play which debuted on 2 April 1895 at the Alexandrinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, starring Maria Savina. This was followed by a series of one-act lyrical comedies (Work Day, A Dance Lesson, Play for Departing, The Letter, They've Agreed, The Conflagration, Bear Hunting, and Letter from the Village), which were performed on the stages of the Imperial Theatres. She also produced, among others, translations of Lucjan Rydel's Zaczarowane koło, Gerolamo Rovetta's La Realtà, and Gabriele D'Annunzio's , the latter of which was staged at the Alexandrinsky.

As a translator, she translated into Russian works from Polish, German, French, Italian, Armenian, and Georgian.

1900s–1910s
In May 1903 she published Bab, a five-act poetic drama based on the life of the founder of Bábism. It was performed on stage the following January at the St. Petersburg Literary-Artistic Society Theatre (now home to the Bolshoi Drama Theatre), directed by Evtikhii Karpov and produced by Aleksey Suvorin. The play was praised for its literary quality, most notably by Leo Tolstoy. A ban on its production in the city was nonetheless imposed by government censors after five performances. Still, the drama had successful runs in Astrakhan and Poltoratsk, and would return to the Petrograd stage post-February Revolution in April 1917. It would later be translated into German, French, and Tatar.

Grinevskaya emigrated to Constantinople in around 1910. In early 1911, she spent two weeks in Egypt as the guest of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, an account of which she published as "A Journey to the Countries of the Sun" in 1914. Her drama Bekha-Ulla, a sequel to Bab on the life of the Baháʼu'lláh, was published in 1912 but never performed. She returned to the Russian Empire at the outbreak of World War I, settling in Kharkov.

Other writings of this era include the play Surovye dni (1909;  'Harsh Days'), set during the Cossack Rebellion of 1773–75, the collections Salute to Heroes (1915) and From the Book of Life (1915), and the pamphlet The Right of Books, in which she protested against censorship.

Later life
Grinevskaya's only publication post-Revolution was the poetry collection Pavlovsk (1922;  'Poems'). Her later years were spent largely in isolation. She died in 1944.

Notes

References

1864 births
1944 deaths
Dramatists and playwrights from the Russian Empire
Soviet dramatists and playwrights

Belarusian Jews
French–Russian translators

Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the Ottoman Empire
Italian–Russian translators
Jewish dramatists and playwrights
Jewish writers from the Russian Empire
People from Grodno

Writers from Saint Petersburg
Yiddish-language writers
Jewish women writers


"With Me" is a song written by Brett James and Troy Verges, and recorded by American country music group Lonestar.  It was released in August 2001 as the second single from their album I'm Already There.  It peaked at number 10 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Music video
The music video features video clips from the bands touring, and was directed by Keech Rainwater, who is also one of the members of the band.

Chart positions

References

2001 singles
Lonestar songs
Songs written by Brett James
Song recordings produced by Dann Huff
Songs written by Troy Verges
BNA Records singles
2001 songs


Stephen James Allender (born 24 July 1960) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Sydney Swans and Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1980s.

Allender attracted the attention of VFL recruiters with his strong performance for Port Melbourne in 1980, when he won the J. J. Liston Trophy and played in a premiership team. He was signed by  at the start of 1981, but there was a dispute: although he lived in South Melbourne's zone, he was residentially tied to  and would remain as such until November 1983, because he had lived in Lalor until February 1979. Carlton ended up granting him a clearance to South Melbourne, but South Melbourne was fined $20,000 by the VFL for poaching.

A ruckman or key forward, Allender spent a season at South Melbourne before making the move with the club to Sydney. He joined Hawthorn in 1984 but couldn't establish a place in their strong side, suffering a fractured vertebra. He returned to Port Melbourne, and played there until the end of 1988.

Allender is the nephew of Port Melbourne and South Melbourne legend Peter Bedford.

References

Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

External links

1960 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
Sydney Swans players
Hawthorn Football Club players
Port Melbourne Football Club players
J. J. Liston Trophy winners
Lalor Football Club players


The little woolly mouse opossum (Marmosa phaea) is a nocturnal, arboreal and mainly solitary South American marsupial of the family Didelphidae. It is native to the western slopes of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, where it lives at altitudes from sea level to 1500 m. It primarily inhabits lowland rainforest and montane cloud forest, although it has been reported from dry forest in the southern end of its range. It was formerly assigned to the genus Micoureus, which was made a subgenus of Marmosa in 2009. Its conservation status is Vulnerable, due to habitat fragmentation and continuing loss of habitat via urbanization and conversion to agriculture.

References

Opossums
Mammals of Colombia
Mammals of Ecuador
Mammals of Peru
Mammals described in 1899
Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas

es:Micoureus#Micoureus phaeus


The 2008 Premier Basketball League season was the first in the league's history, and ended with the Rochester Razorsharks winning the inaugural PBL championship. Ten teams played a 20-game regular season schedule, and all ten teams would qualify for the league playoffs.

Final standings

Playoff Bracket

External links
 2008 PBL Playoffs - Official Website
 PBL Weekly Press Release – March 24, 2008
 2008 PBL Official Site

2008
2007–08 in American basketball by league
2008–09 in American basketball by league


Lime Mountain is a promontory on the eastern slopes of Castle Dome, a  mountain, east of Scottsdale in the Superstition Wilderness and the Tonto National Forest.

References

Landforms of Maricopa County, Arizona
Mountains of Arizona
Mountains of Maricopa County, Arizona


is a Japanese manga artist.

Biography
During elementary school, Furuya enrolled in the Osamu Tezuka Manga Correspondence Course and by the time he reached high school he had discovered a darker, more underground style.

He graduated from Tama Art University, where he majored in oil painting and developed an interest in sculpting and Butoh dance. During college his work evolved from figurative to eventually dealing more with abstract shapes.

In 1994, Furuya published his debut series Palepoli in the renowned alternative manga magazine Garo. After graduating from college, he initially planned to work as a full-time artist while doing illustrations on the side, but his success in manga shifted his focus. Soon after, he published the gag manga Short Cuts in the mainstream seinen manga magazine Weekly Young Sunday.

He was a regular contributor to the alternative manga magazine Manga Erotics F from its beginnings in 2001 on. For this magazine he created the manga Lychee Light Club, based on a stage play, about a group of middle school boys aiming to build an AI with cruel tactics has been adapted into a TV anime series.

Otherwise, since the 2000s, he has published in mainstream seinen and shōnen manga magazines of different publishers like Kodansha, Shogakukan, Shueisha and Shinchosha, but also drew a yonkoma series for the daily newspaper Yomiuri Shimbun and made a manga biography about Emperor Akihito's life for the weekly magazine Shūkan Post.

Reception
Furuya's manga have been translated, among others, into English, French, German, Italian and Spanish.

While Furuya has not won any major manga awards so far, he was nominated or selected several times:

Works

Manga

Illustrations

 Flowers

Films/plays

 ZOO (Screenplay, storyboards, character design)
  (Man in coffee shop)
  (Original work)
  (Original work)
  (Miyanishi)

References

External links
  Usagi Hitori Club (Usamaru Furuya's Blog)
  Usamaru Furuya Unofficial Web Site, Tokyo

1968 births
Living people
Manga artists from Tokyo
Tama Art University alumni


Déjame vivir (English title: Let me live) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Valentín Pimstein for Televisa in 1982. This is a remake of the 1970 Venezuelan telenovela Cristina. The reception for this telenovela was not good, in fact it was selected as the worst one of 1982.

Daniela Romo and Gregorio Casal starred as protagonists, while the first actress Beatriz Aguirre and Elizabeth Dupeyrón starred as antagonists.

Plot
Estrella struggles to move forward with her family (a younger brother very attached to her, a teenage and ambitious sister and an almost absent father). She is the dressmaker of Graciela who hires the girl to make her clothes, so Estrella have to go every now and then her house to take measures, in one of these visits she meets her son Enrique who is immediately attracted. Enrique begins a relationship with Estrella and Graciela meddles since her son can not fall in love with a seamstress.

Cast
Daniela Romo as Estrella
Gregorio Casal as Enrique
Elizabeth Dupeyrón as Gilda
Beatriz Aguirre as Graciela
Servando Manzetti as Gustavo
José Reymundi as German "El Duque"
Macaria as Yolanda
Rosalba Brambila as Nina
Ruben Rojo as Nicolas
Rodolfo Gomez Lora as Tomasito
Lilia Aragón as Dalia
Magda Karina as Mercedes
Maricruz Nájera as Josefina
José Elías Moreno as Rafael

References

External links

1982 telenovelas
1982 Mexican television series debuts
1982 Mexican television series endings
Television shows set in Mexico
Televisa telenovelas
Mexican television series based on Venezuelan television series
Spanish-language telenovelas


Salvia 'Jean's Purple Passion' is a Salvia cultivar discovered at Cabrillo College in Aptos, California. It was found growing between Salvia gesneriflora 'Tequila' and Salvia mexicana, who are presumed to be its parents. It is named for Jean Coria, a gardening enthusiast who propagated many species in the genus Salvia for many years at Strybing Arboretum.

It has large, vibrant violet flowers and grows  or more in height. Its preference for humid cool conditions indicates parents that are from cloud forest conditions.

References

jean's purple passion
Ornamental plant cultivars


Jonathan Greenleaf Eveleth (May 8, 1821 – December 10, 1861) founded the first oil company in America with George Bissell in 1854.  Partners in the Wall Street law firm of Eveleth & Bissell, the two formed the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company with 5 other investors from New York, New Haven, and Titusville, Pennsylvania, to "raise, procure, manufacture, and sell Rock Oil."

Eveleth was born in New Gloucester, Maine, on May 8, 1821, to James and Hannah Austin Eveleth.  His father was a leather tanner and boot and shoe maker and a descendant of early colonial families of Massachusetts. He was a direct descendant of Joseph Eveleth, juror in the Salem Witch trial of John Proctor, and a second cousin of Theophilus Parsons, Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. Eveleth married Mary Weeks of Bath, Maine, in 1852.

He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1847 and Harvard Law School in 1854.  He was Principal of the Liberal Institute (1848–1849) a college preparatory school in Norway, Maine, and then, following law school, joined Fessenden & Deblois, the Portland, Maine law firm of U.S. Representative Thomas Fessenden's family.  He later formed his own firm with Bissell in New York at 14 Wall Street. His New York practice was eventually closed in 1859 to allow the partners to fully pursue their oil business venture.

Bissell and Eveleth initially invested $5,000 to purchase and lease over  of what they believed were the principal oil fields in Titusville, PA.  The company collected oil in trenches and sold small quantities at high prices ($1.50 per gallon) primarily for medicinal purposes.

Believing in the mineral's greater economic potential and in order to gain the interest of additional investors, the two partners engaged at their own expense renowned Yale chemist, Benjamin Silliman, Jr., to investigate crude oil samples from the Pennsylvania site for its properties and commercial usefulness.  Silliman submitted in 1855 his historic report to "Messrs. Eveleth, Bissell, and Reed" concluding, "gentlemen ... there is much ground for encouragement in the belief that your Company have in their possession a raw material from which they may manufacture... very valuable products", thus marking a major scientific milestone for the university as well the birth of the American petroleum industry.  The company was then reorganized to include additional New Haven investors, and Silliman was appointed president, with Eveleth and Bissell maintaining controlling interest.

Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company later leased its property to Seneca Oil, which under the management of Edwin Drake, drilled the first oil well in the United States and became the first to strike oil in 1859.  Bissell continued to considerably expand his and the New York investors' land in the Titusville region, in Franklin and Petroleum Center, PA. However, Eveleth's life was cut short only 2 years later due to illness.   Bissell went on to become known as "the father of the American oil industry".

Eveleth was described as "sage, cautious, and tenacious" and the "principal promoter" of the company who made many of the major decisions. He died in New York City on December 10, 1861, after suffering from nephritis. His son and only child, Charles W. Eveleth, died in Germany while a student at Ober Gymnasium.

Notes

References
Henry, J. T. (1873). The Early and Later History of Petroleum with Authentic Facts with Regard to Its Development in Western Pennsylvania. Jas. B. Rogers Co., Philadelphia.
Cleaveland, Nehemiah (1882). History of Bowdoin College. James Ripley Osgood & Co., Boston.
Yale Engineering Through the Centuries Timeline
Butcher, Jonathan B. (1975). A History of the Eveleth Family.
McLaurin, John J. (1896) Sketches in Crude-Oil
Evans, Harold; with Buckland, Gail; Lefer, David. (2004). They Made America. Little, Brown, and Company.
The Encyclopedia Americana (1919).

External links
Oil History
Oil 150
Oil Heritage

1821 births
1861 deaths
Harvard Law School alumni
Bowdoin College alumni
Founders of the petroleum industry
19th-century American businesspeople
People from New Gloucester, Maine
Businesspeople from Maine


Bedok North Bus Depot is an SBS Transit East District bus depot located in Bedok, Singapore.

Bedok North Bus Depot started operations in 1982 after the completion of the stretch of road within Bedok North Industrial Park. It replaces the former Changi Bus Depot and Somapah Bus Park which were close to the residential areas and were subject to noise-related complaints.

Since 11 December 2011, Service 48 terminates at Bedok North Depot with boarding and alighting done outside at the pair of bus stops. Previously, it terminated  at Upper East Coast Bus Terminal.

Service 18 also terminates here since 27 November 2022. Previously, it terminated at Bedok Bus Interchange.

References

External links
 Interchanges and Terminals (SBS Transit)

Bus garages
Bus stations in Singapore
1982 establishments in Singapore


Night Inn () is a Chinese black-and-white film released in 1947, directed by Huang Zuolin and starring the popular Shanghai singer Zhou Xuan.

The film is based on the Chinese theatrical adaptation of Maxim Gorky's 1902 play The Lower Depths by playwright Ke Ling. The play and the film were both banned in China during the Cultural Revolution but were popular in the post-Mao period.

References

External links
 Night Inn at the China Movie Database
 Night Inn at China's Movie Database
 Zhou Xuan at China's Movie Database

1947 films
1940s Mandarin-language films
1947 drama films
Chinese films based on plays
Films based on works by Maxim Gorky
Chinese black-and-white films
Chinese drama films


The economy of Gaza City was dependent on small industries and agriculture. After years of decline, economic growth  in Gaza is now on the rise, boosted by foreign aid. According to the International Monetary Fund, the economy grew 20 percent in 2011, and the per capita gross domestic product increased by 19 percent.

History

19th century
In the 19th century, Gaza was among six soap-producing cities in the Levant, overshadowed only by Nablus. Its factories purchased qilw (alkaline soda) from merchants from Nablus and Salt in Jordan. Gaza's port was eclipsed by the ports of Jaffa and Haifa, but it retained its fishing fleet. Although its port was inactive, land commerce thrived because of its strategic location. Most caravans and travelers coming from Egypt stopped in Gaza for supplies, likewise Bedouins from Ma'an, east of the Wadi Araba, bought various sorts of provisions from the city to sell to Muslim pilgrims coming from Mecca. The bazaars of Gaza were well-supplied and were noted by Edward Robinson as "far better" than those of Jerusalem. Its principal commercial crop was cotton which was sold to the government and local Arab tribes.

Modern era

Many Gazans worked in the Israeli service industry while the border was open, but in the wake of Israel's 2005 disengagement plan, Gazans could no longer do so. According to OXFAM, Gaza suffered from serious shortages in housing, educational facilities, health facilities, infrastructure, and an inadequate sewage system, contributing to serious hygiene and public health problems. Food prices rose during the blockade, with wheat flour going up 34% and rice up 21%. The number of poor Gazans  increased sharply, with 80% relying on humanitarian aid in 2008 compared to 63% in 2006. In 2007, households spent an average of 62% of their total income on food, compared to 37% in 2004. In a decade, the number of families depending on UNRWA food aid increased ten-fold.

Increasing prosperity has led to the widespread replacement of donkey carts with tuk-tuks.

According to the International Monetary Fund, the unemployment rate  is falling. The economy of Gaza grew by 16% in the first half of 2010, almost twice as fast as the economy of the West Bank.

The European Union paid €420 million in aid to the Palestinian territories in 2001.  This was in addition to contributions by individual member states.  This included  €55 million form Germany, €67 million from France, and £63.6 million (about €76 million) from Great Britain in 2007 alone.  Donation levels have since increased, with the United States and the European Union giving $7.7 billion in 2008-2010.

In 2011 Gaza's economy increased by 27% while unemployment fell to 29%, its lowest in a decade. In 2012, Qatar donated 400 million dollars towards construction projects in the Gaza Strip.

Agriculture and industry
The major agricultural products are strawberries, citrus, dates, olives, flowers, and various vegetables. Pollution and massive population pressure on water have reduced the productive capacity of the surrounding farms, however.

Small-scale industries in the city include the production of plastics, construction materials, textiles, furniture, pottery, tiles, copperware, and carpets. Following the Oslo Accords, thousands of residents were employed in the various government ministries and security services, while others were employed by the UNRWA and other international organizations that support development of the city. Gaza City contains some minor industries, including textile production and food processing. A variety of wares are sold in Gaza's street bazaars, including carpets, pottery, wicker furniture and cotton clothing.

In 2012, 250 trucks a day passed through the Kerem Shalom border crossing, transporting goods from Israel to the Gaza Strip. Since 2010, NIS 75 million have been invested in upgrading and expanding the crossing, which is capable of handling 450 trucks a day. The Palestinian side of the crossing is operated by two families who were granted a franchise by the Palestinian Authority and authorized by Hamas. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry in Ramallah coordinates activity with Israel. The two sides are 400 meters apart, separated by a drop-off zone for unloading goods.

Military conflicts between Hamas and Israel
Several military conflicts have seriously damaged the Gazan economy since Hamas took political control.

 Gaza War (2008–2009)
 Operation Pillar of Defense (2012)
 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict
 Gaza–Israel clashes (November 2018)
 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis
 2023 Israel–Hamas war

Economic collapse
In August 2020, Ali al-Hayek, the head of the Palestinian Businessmen's Association in Gaza, told The Media Line that "Gaza's economy has completely collapsed, especially amid the latest escalation, where closing the Kerem Shalom cargo crossing and not allowing the entry of fuel and industrial materials led to an economic catastrophe," he said.

The industrial sector has come to a complete halt, leaving thousands of workers without jobs, added to the already collapsing situation, Hayek said. "The private sector in Gaza is almost dead; we're facing a serious collapse that is reflected in social issues because of the suspension of the economic system.

"Economic activity has completely stopped in Gaza," he said.

Hayek said 2020 was the Strip's worst year yet, with the current difficulties coming atop the problems suffered since 2007, when Gazans faced daily closures. "But today, we are talking about a complete stop [to economic activity] because of the previously existing crisis and the current halt of electric service."

Providing the population of the Gaza Strip with a 24/7 power supply requires about 600 megawatts of electricity. Yet the Gaza Strip receives only 180 megawatts — 120 directly from Israel via 10 power lines, and 60 generated by Gaza's power plant with Qatari-funded fuel provided by Israel. As a result, residents usually receive power in eight-hour rotations: eight hours on and eight hours off. In summer, the power can go off for up to 12 hours. Bombing the power plant 14 years ago and preventing its rehabilitation since has limited its capacity to generate electricity. In addition, Israel hampers vital repairs and upgrades to the power system and forces the authorities to buy fuel from Israel alone.

Recreation industry
In 2010 Gaza experienced a boom in the construction of for-profit recreational facilities aimed not at tourists but at residents, including the many employees of international aid organizations. Some of the new amusement parks and restaurants are Hamas business ventures.  The many new leisure facilities include the Crazy Water Park, the Al-Bustan resort (Gaza), and the Bisan City tourist village.  Among the many new restaurants are the Roots Club, the Faisal Equestrian Club and the new restaurant at the Gaza Museum of Archaeology.

The Crazy Water Park was one of a number of seaside tourist resorts constructed in a $20 million building binge. The resort was built by a Hamas-linked charity. According to Al-Ahram Weekly, the park was one of several Gaza leisure parks, including Zahrat al-Madain, the Al-Bustan resort and the Bisan City tourist village. The report states that "a sense of absolute prosperity prevails, as manifested by the grand resorts along and near Gaza's coast...The sight of the merchandise and luxuries filling the Gaza shops amazed me. Merchandise is sold more cheaply than in Egypt, although most of it is from the Egyptian market, and there are added shipping costs and costs for smuggling it via the tunnels – so that it could be expected to be more expensive..... Many of these facilities are no longer extant. The Crazy Water Park was burned down a few months after it was built, and the Bisan City tourist village was so damaged by Israeli shelling in 2014 that they had to send animals to Jordan for safe-keeping.

Tourism

There are several hotels in Gaza including the hotel at the Gaza Museum of Archaeology and the Palestine, Adam, al-Amal, al-Quds, Cliff, and Marna House hotels. All, except the Palestine Hotel, are located along the coast. The United Nations (UN) has a beach club on the same street. Gaza is not a frequent destination of tourists, and most foreigners who stay in hotels are journalists, aid workers, UN and Red Cross personnel. Al-Quds Hotel is known as the "poshest" hotel in the city.  The upscale Roots Club is among the nicest of several new restaurants in Gaza.

Unemployment
In 2007, unemployment in the Gaza Strip reached 40%. According to Oxfam, the private sector which employs 53% of all working Gazans was devastated and many businesses went bankrupt. Of the 110,000 workers in this sector, approximately 75,000 lost their jobs. 95% of the city's industrial operations were suspended due to the inaccessibility to inputs for production and the inability to export products.

In June 2005, there were 3,900 factories in the city employing 35,000 people, and in December 2007, there were 195 factories remaining, employing 1,700 people. The construction industry was also affected, with tens of thousands of labourers out of work. The blockade damaged the agriculture sector and 40,000 workers dependent on cash crops were left without income. Unemployment was compounded when Israel ended its reliance on cheap labor from the Gaza Strip in 2005. In September 2000, 24,000 Palestinians crossed out of Gaza daily to work in Israel.

See also
Blockade of the Gaza Strip
Economy of the Gaza Strip

References

Bibliography

Gaza City
Economy of the Gaza Strip
Economy of the State of Palestine
Gaza City


San Fernando General Hospital is located in the City of San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago. It is considered as the main trauma unit for the Southern region of the Island of Trinidad.

This Institution falls under the South West Regional Health Authority (SWRHA).

References

Hospitals in Trinidad and Tobago


Konstantin Karlovich Danzas () (1801 – February 3, 1870) was a  Russian Major General, a friend of Alexander Pushkin, and his second in a duel with d'Anthès.

Danzas was born to a noble Courland family in 1801. He started his education in Moscow, but at the request of influential family friend, Countess Sofia Stroganova, he was accepted to Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Students gave him nickname "Bear". While in the school, Danzas befriended Pushkin. Upon graduation in 1817, Danzas started his military career. Throughout the service Danzas was frequently commended for his outstanding bravery. Among his awards were a golden sword for valor (1828) and a brilliant ring - a very rare decoration for an army officer. Danzas took part in many military campaigns, and in 1828 he was wounded in the left shoulder. He didn't fully recover from this wound, and for the long time was using a sling to support his left hand.

On January 27, 1837, Pushkin asked Danzas to be his second in duel with d'Anthès. Duels were against the law, but being a man of honor, Danzas could not refuse Pushkin. Pushkin was mortally wounded in the duel, and died a few days later. Lying on his death bed, Pushkin said to Zhukovsky and Vyazemsky, "Beg for Danzas. He is my soul brother." Danzas was arrested for his role as second in the duel, and confined to the Peter and Paul Fortress. Initially he was sentenced to death by hanging, but later the sentence was reduced to two months of imprisonment (that was the common practice for Russia at the time). After release, Danzas continued his army service. He asked to be transferred to the Caucasus, and took position of a commander of the Tengin regiment, where Mikhail Lermontov served. Danzas achieved a rank of Major General before he left the army in 1856. He continued to live in solitude, without a family. Over time, he came to blame himself more for Pushkin's death, and this affected his mood. Danzas carefully maintained his own small collection of valuable items related to Pushkin, including Pushkin's death mask, rare letters and a turquoise ring that Pushkin himself gave him. Danzas died on February 3, 1870, alone, and was buried at state expense in the Catholic cemetery. In 1936 his remains were moved to the Tikhvin Cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

References

1801 births
1870 deaths
Imperial Russian Army generals
People from Courland Governorate
Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum alumni
Russian military personnel of the Caucasian War
Burials at Tikhvin Cemetery
Nobility from the Russian Empire


Mount Ord is a mountain summit located in the Tonto National Forest on the northeastern edge of Maricopa County, Arizona in the Mazatzal mountain range. Its height is . The county line dividing Maricopa County, Arizona and Gila County, Arizona passes across the summit of the peak.

Mount Ord is not to be confused with the peak of Mount Baldy, Arizona, located in Apache County and also referred to by some sources as "Mount Ord". Mount Ord is named after Major General Edward Ord.

The top of Mount Ord is home to a collection of communications towers. The mountain is popular with birdwatchers because its geography and habitat attract a concentration of all of the species of mountain warbler birds that exist in Arizona, including the Virginia's, Black-throated Gray, Grace's, Olive, and Painted Redstart—the only location in central Arizona where these conditions exist.

See also
 List of mountains and hills of Arizona by height

References

Mountains of Arizona
Landforms of Gila County, Arizona
Mountains of Maricopa County, Arizona


Cracking Under Pressure is a 1983 studio album by the Iron City Houserockers.  Cracking Under Pressure was the Iron City Houserockers' fourth and final album under the moniker (changed slightly) and also their final album released under MCA.  Veterans Ned E. Rankin and Marc Reisman had left the band and in their place was heavy keyboards and synthesizers, as was the style at the time.  Also unlike previous albums, Cracking Under Pressure included several cover songs: "Loving Cup" by Earth Quake and "Hit the Road Jack" by Percy Mayfield.  The songs "Angels", "Cracking Under Pressure", and "There'll Never be Enough Time" have appeared on several later compilations (and an acoustic version of "Never Be Enough Time" appeared on Grushecky's mid-nineties solo album, "American Babylon"), most of the rest of this album is absent from later compilations and live shows.  The band was dropped from MCA Records two days after the album was released, and six months after that - in June 1984 - the band broke up. When the band resurfaced in 1989, it would go by "Joe Grushecky & The Houserockers" - the name by which they still tour today.

The album has never been issued on CD, but is available as a digital download from Joe Grushecky's official website.

Track listing

"Rock and Roll Heart" (Eddie Britt, Joe Grushecky, Art Nardini) - 3:16
"Loving Cup" (Ken Laguna, Earthquake) - 3:29
"Angels" (Britt, Grushecky) - 3:36
"Hit the Road Jack" (Percy Mayfield) - 3:12
"American Son" (Grushecky) - 3:53
"Girl Problems" (Grushecky) - 3:36
"Cracking Under Pressure" (Britt, Grushecky, Nardini) - 4:50
"Breaking Point" (Britt, Grushecky) - 3:37
"Soul Rockin'" (Grushecky) - 3:13
"I Should've Never Let You Go" (Grushecky) - 3:55
"There'll Never Be Enough Time" (Grushecky) - 4:46

Personnel
Joe Grushecky - lead vocal, guitar
Eddie Britt - lead guitar (credited as Eddy Britt)
Art Nardini - bass
Gil Snyder - keyboards
Ron Foster - drums

References

External links
 Joe Grushecky's official web site
 Rock's So Tough - Iron City Houserockers

1983 albums
Iron City Houserockers albums
Albums produced by Mark Dodson
MCA Records albums


Shri Samarth Muppin Kaadsiddheswar Maharaj (23 April 1905 – 16 August 2001) was a guru in the Navnath tradition of Hindu philosophy. He was a disciple of Shri Samarth Siddharameshwar Maharaj, disciple of Shri Samarth Bhausaheb Maharaj, disciple of Shri Gurulingajangam Maharaj (Shri Nimbargi Maharaj), disciple of the 22nd Shri Samarth Muppin Kaadsiddheswar Maharaj.

Biography
Kaadsiddheswar was born on April 23, 1905 (Chaitra Sankashti day) in Linganoor village, Kolhapur district, Maharashtra state, India. His father's name was Shaigauda Patil, and he was named Jaigauda Patil.
His living descendant is Indumati Magdum (daughter of his real sister). Indumati is 85 and lives with her son Sanjeev, daughter in law Jayashree and grand daughter Krupa in Nagala Park, Kolhapur.

He was formally adopted by the 25th Virupaksha Kaadeshwar of the Kaneri Math, Lingayat Parampara, and invested as the 26th Mathadheepati of the (Siddhagiri) Kaneri Math, Lingayat Parampara, in 1922 at the age of 17.

He was a master in yoga and mastered all the difficult asanas, such as the Kumbhak, which he could maintain for nine minutes. He would meditate for over ten hours a day, and from 1922 to 1935 he mastered all aspects of the Hindu spiritual tradition and philosophy.

He met his philosophical and spiritual guru, Siddharameshwar, in 1935. He was given a new outlook on the deep philosophical concepts and attained self-realization, or Gyan Drishti. He taught that concepts of sects and religions are an illusion and that everything is unified. To realize this unity is the simplest form of Vidnyani Avastha.

The Kaadsiddheshwar Parampara
Shri Samarth Revannath (c. 1112 CE), one of the Navnath Parampara (The Nine Teachers) in the Indian Teacher-Disciple tradition, is considered the founder and the first Kaadsiddheshwar. He established the Kaadsiddheshwar temple and math at Kanheri village in Karveer tehsil, Kolhapur district, Maharashtra state, India. The Kaadsiddheshwar Peeth is also the main Kuldaivat (Dynastic Gods/Teachers) of the Lingayat Shaiva community. Shri Muppin Kaadsiddheswar Maharaj the 26th Mathaadheepati of this tradition from 1922 to 2001.

Siddhagiri Math (Kaneri Math)

The Siddhagiri Math was established around the Moola-Kaadsiddheswar Shiva temple in the Shaiva-Lingayat tradition. It is a vast campus with the central Shiva temple, Adhyatmik Center, and a complex of halls for discussions, residential hostels for devotees, and adjacent farms. About 1200 villages in the area are devoted to the Kaadsiddheswar Parampara.

Inchegiri Sampradaya

Kaadsiddheshwar's guru Siddharameshwar belonged to the Inchegiri Sampradaya, a Navnath/Lingayat sampradaya which is strongly influenced by the Sant Mat and the Deshastha Brahmin caste, to which the thirteenth century Varkari saint and philosopher Dnyaneshwar belonged, the 16th century sant Eknath, and the 17th century saint and spiritual poet Samarth Ramdas.

His Contribution to the Hindu Spiritual Philosophy
Kaadsiddheswar worked extensively with poor laborers and farmers. He gave extensive discourses on Hindu philosophy and the right way to live, which would lead him to Gyan Drishti and Vignayni Avastha. His main focus was to live his life fully while understanding that the world is an illusion, or Maya. Realizing this is considered Gyan Drishti, literally knowledge and vision, and living according to this concept is to be in Vignayni Avastha.

He renovated the Kaneri Math and renamed it Siddhagiri Math. He constructed a 42 ft tall idol of a meditating Shiva with an equally massive Nandi, built halls and hostels for devotees, started a school with a hostel for poor, underprivileged students on the Math campus, and started an old-age home there.

He revitalized the pravachans (discourses) organized in the Siddhagiri Math. These were organized on every full moon and on every major Hindu religious occasion, like the Sharavan Month, the Navratri and Ramnavmi. However, the largest pravachans were organized on the three-day festival around Maha Shivarati day (February–March), where over 50,000 lakh devotees have been recorded at the Siddhagiri Math.

He also established maths in Mumbai, Mahabaleshwar, Khopi-Pedambe, Amurteshwar-Satara, Pune and elsewhere. Discourses were organized in these centers of philosophy regularly. They were delivered in the Marathi language and were very simple to understand. They mainly focused on the concept of "Aham Brahmasmi" ("I am Brahma"). Brahma is a complex word with several layers of meaning, including universe, soul, eternity, timelessness and nothingness. His constant teaching was "Ghabru Nakos" ("Do not fear" in Marathi) and "Soham" ("That Itself is Me"). He propagated the Shrimad Dasbodh, a book by Samarth Ramdas, as the basic and simplest book on philosophy. During His discourses, he would often quote the Mahāvākyas.

Books

He wrote mainly in Marathi.
Aachar va Parmartha (Behavior and The Right Way)
Parmartha va Japanustha (The Right way and the Chanting of Mantras)
Parmartha va Satkarma (The Right Way and Correct Actions)
Parmartha va Swadharma (The Right Way and Self Philosophy)
Dharma Parampara, Rudhi va Parmartha (The tradition of Right, Traditions and The Right Way)
Maza Europe cha Daura – (My Travels to Europe)

He also wrote several essays on philosophy, mainly for the quarterly magazine Siddhagiri Sandesh (Message from Siddhagiri), published from 1964.

References

Sources

External links
 Kolhapur
 Siddhara Meshwar
 Kanerimath

20th-century Hindu religious leaders
1905 births
People from Kolhapur district
2001 deaths
Inchegeri Sampradaya
Marathi Hindu saints