The 2009–10 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating was a series of senior-level international figure skating competitions in the 2009–10 season. The six invitational events took place in the fall of 2009, building to the Grand Prix Final. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies singles, pair skating, and ice dancing on the senior level. At each event, skaters earned points based on their placement and the top six in each discipline at the end of the series qualified for the 2009–10 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final, held in Tokyo, Japan.

The Grand Prix series set the stage for the 2010 European Figure Skating Championships, the 2010 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, the 2009 World Figure Skating Championships, and the 2010 Winter Olympics, as well as each country's national championships. The Grand Prix series began on October 15, 2009, and ended on December 6, 2009.

The Grand Prix was organized by the International Skating Union. Skaters competed for prize money and for a chance to compete in the Grand Prix Final. The corresponding series for Junior-level skaters was the 2009–10 ISU Junior Grand Prix.

Qualifying
Skaters who reached the age of 14 by July 1, 2009, were eligible to compete on the senior Grand Prix circuit. The top six skaters/teams from the 2009 World Figure Skating Championships were seeded and were guaranteed two events. Skaters/teams who placed 7th through 12th will also given two events, though they were not considered seeded.

Skaters and teams who were ranked in the top 24 in the world at the end of the 2008-2009 season and those who had an ISU personal best in the top-24 on the season's best list for the 2008–09 season were also guaranteed one event.

Skaters/teams who medaled at the 2008–09 JGP Final or the 2009 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were guaranteed one event. Skaters who medaled at both the Junior Grand Prix Final and the World Junior Championships were guaranteed only one event.

The host country was allowed to send three skaters/teams of their choosing from their country in each discipline.

The spots remaining were filled from the top 75 skaters/teams in the 2008–09 season's best list. Skaters could not be given a Grand Prix invitation without having been on the season's best list, with the following exceptions:
 The host country could select any three of their own skaters for an invitation.
 Pairs and dance teams who had in either the 2007-08 or 2008–09 season qualified for Grand Prix spots by World Championships placement or had held a world ranking or season's best ranking in the top 24 with a previous partner could be considered for an alternate spot with their new partner.
 Skaters and teams who had previously been seeded (1st through 6th at the World Championships) and had not competed in prior seasons either through injury or no fault of their own could be considered for one or two Grand Prix assignments if they chose to return to competitive skating.

Assignments and withdrawals
Sasha Cohen withdrew from the Trophée Eric Bompard due to tendinitis in her right calf. She also withdrew from Skate America and was replaced by Emily Hughes. Kimmie Meissner withdrew from the Rostelecom Cup and NHK Trophy due to a right knee injury.

Schedule

Medal summary

Grand Prix Final qualification points
After the final event, the 2009 Skate Canada International, the six skaters/teams with the most points advanced to the Grand Prix Final. The point system was as follows:

There were 7 tie-breakers in cases of a tie in overall points:
Highest placement at an event. If a skater placed 1st and 3rd, the tiebreaker is the 1st place, and that beats a skater who placed 2nd in both events.
Highest combined total scores in both events. If a skater earned 200 points at one event and 250 at a second, that skater would win in the second tie-break over a skater who earned 200 points at one event and 150 at another.
Participated in two events.
Highest combined scores in the free skating/free dancing portion of both events.
Highest individual score in the free skating/free dancing portion from one event.
Highest combined scores in the short program/original dance of both events.
Highest number of total participants at the events.

If there is still a tie, the tie is considered unbreakable and the tied skaters all qualify for the Grand Prix Final.

Final standings
Skaters in bold qualified for the Grand Prix Final.

Prize money
The total prize money was $180,000 per individual event in the series and $272,000 for the Final. All amounts were in U.S. dollars. Pairs and dance teams split the money. The breakdown was as follows:

References

 2009-2010 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating

 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating 2009/2010: Men's Standings
 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating 2009/2010: Ladies Standings
 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating 2009/2010: Pairs Standings
 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating 2009/2010: Ice Dance Standings

External links
 2008-2009 Season's Best Scores: Men's singles
 2008-2009 Season's Best Scores: Ladies singles
 2008-2009 Season's Best Scores: Pair skating
 2008-2009 Season's Best Scores: Ice Dancing

Isu Grand Prix Of Figure Skating, 2009-10
ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating


The Black Mountain rainbow-skink (Liburnascincus scirtetis) is an endemic species that inhabits a total of  on Kalkajaka in Queensland, Australia. The species is 70 mm long with a weight between 4 and 6 grams. This species goes through oviparous reproduction.

References

Liburnascincus
Skinks of Australia
Reptiles described in 1980
Taxa named by Glen Joseph Ingram
Taxa named by Jeanette Covacevich


Iterative refinement is an iterative method proposed by James H. Wilkinson to improve the accuracy of numerical solutions to systems of linear equations.

When solving a linear system  due to the compounded accumulation of rounding errors, the computed solution  may sometimes deviate from the exact solution  Starting with  iterative refinement computes a sequence  which converges to  when certain assumptions are met.

Description
For  the th iteration of iterative refinement consists of three steps:

The crucial reasoning for the refinement algorithm is that although the solution for  in step (ii) may indeed be troubled by similar errors as the first solution, , the calculation of the residual  in step (i), in comparison, is numerically nearly exact: You may not know the right answer very well, but you know quite accurately just how far the solution you have in hand is from producing the correct outcome (). If the residual is small in some sense, then the correction must also be small, and should at the very least steer the current estimate of the answer, , closer to the desired one,

The iterations will stop on their own when the residual  is zero, or close enough to zero that the corresponding correction  is too small to change the solution  which produced it; alternatively, the algorithm stops when  is too small to convince the linear algebraist monitoring the progress that it is worth continuing with any further refinements.

Note that the matrix equation solved in step (ii) uses the same matrix  for each iterations. If the matrix equation is solved using a direct method, such as
Cholesky or LU decomposition, the numerically expensive factorization of  is done once and is reused for the relatively inexpensive forward and back substitution to solve for  at each iteration.

Error analysis
As a rule of thumb, iterative refinement for Gaussian elimination produces a solution correct to working precision if double the working precision is used in the computation of , e.g. by using quad or double extended precision IEEE 754 floating point, and if  is not too ill-conditioned (and the iteration  and the rate of convergence are determined by the condition number of ).

More formally, assuming that each step (ii) can be solved reasonably accurately, i.e., in mathematical terms, for every , we have

where , the relative error in the -th iterate of iterative refinement satisfies

where
  denotes the -norm of a vector,
  is the -condition number of ,
  is the order of ,
  and  are unit round-offs of floating-point arithmetic operations,
 ,  and  are constants that depend on ,  and
if  is "not too badly conditioned", which in this context means

and implies that  and  are of order unity.

The distinction of  and  is intended to allow mixed-precision evaluation of  where intermediate results are computed with unit round-off  before the final result is rounded (or truncated) with unit round-off . All other computations are assumed to be carried out with unit round-off .

References

Numerical linear algebra


The Hotel Charlotte, also known as Hotel Charlotte & Cafe or Hotel Charlotte & Restaurant, is a hotel opened in 1921 in Groveland, California. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Charlotte DeFerrari, the hotel's namesake and builder, was born in Genoa, Italy in 1881. Her family migrated to the California gold fields when DeFerrari was sixteen. During this era, the Groveland area went from boom to bust and back again. The gold rush and then the San Francisco Hetch-Hetchy water project brought prosperity and notoriety to the Groveland and Big Oak Flat settlements.

Shortly after arriving in Groveland, DeFerrari's father was killed in a mining accident at Hardin Flat, and young DeFerrari took it upon herself to support and hold the family together. She began cooking for work crews, ranch hands and several local settlers. She then opened a restaurant in the building that is now the Iron Door Saloon, claimed by its proprietors to be the oldest continuously operating saloon in California.

In 1918, DeFerrari built the hotel on the site of an old livery stable, and in 1921 she purchased the Gem Saloon next door, annexing it to the Hotel Charlotte as a restaurant.

References

External links

Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Buildings and structures in Tuolumne County, California
National Register of Historic Places in Tuolumne County, California


German submarine U-132 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 10 August 1940 by Vegesacker Werft, Bremen-Vegesack as yard number 11, launched on 10 April 1941 and commissioned on 29 May that year under Kapitänleutnant Ernst Vogelsang.

In four patrols, U-132 sank ten ships for a total of  and 2,216 tons. She was a member of three wolfpacks. The submarine was lost after an attack on Convoy SC-107 in November 1942.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-132 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN 6-cylinder 4-stroke M 6 V 40/46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-132 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a  C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

Service history

First patrol
U-132 departed on her first patrol when she left Trondheim in Norway on 7 September 1941. Rounding the North Cape, she criss-crossed that part of the Barents Sea northwest of Murmansk before heading further east. She sank two Soviet ships, Argun and SKR-11 Ural on 18 October.

The boat docked in Kirkenes, also in Norway, on 21 October.

Second patrol
Having moved from Kirkenes back to Trondheim in late October 1941, U-132 commenced her second foray on 15 January 1942. Her route took her due west through the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands to a point  west of Reykjavík. Here she sank  on the 29th.

She then moved to the port of La Pallice in occupied France, arriving on 8 February.

Third patrol
The boat's most successful patrol began when she left La Pallice on 10 June 1942. Having crossed the Atlantic Ocean, she attacked shipping in the Gulf of St Lawrence.

On 6 July the U-132 sank 3 ships in short order, Anastasios Pateras, Hainaut and Dinaric, all southeast of Cap Chat, Quebec from convoy QS-15. The convoy escort  the Canadian minesweeper  retaliated with a depth charge attack. The warship's depth charges damaged the U-boat's ballast pumps and resulted in the loss of 4 m³ of fuel.

Fourteen days later on 20 July, the submarine attacked Frederika Lensen in convoy QS-19 near Anticosti Island. The ship was towed to Grand Valée Bay and beached, but with her back broken, she was declared a total loss.

On 29 July the U-132 sights convoy ON-113 and the next day sinks one ship from it.

The boat returned to La Pallice on 16 August.

Fourth patrol and loss
U-132 left La Pallice for the last time on 6 October 1942. Operating southeast of Cape Farewell (Greenland), she was triumphant after sinking Hobbema and Empire Lynx, but was sunk, probably by falling debris from the ammunition ship Hatimura when that vessel exploded, following an attack by U-132 and  on 4 November.  All 47 crew members died; there were no survivors.

Wolfpacks
U-132 took part in three wolfpacks, namely:
 Endrass (12 – 17 June 1942)
 Panther (13 – 19 October 1942)
 Veilchen (20 October - 3 November 1942)

Previously recorded fate
Had originally been recorded as sunk the next day, 5 November 1942, by British aircraft of No. 120 Squadron RAF. The 120 Squadron attack, in the same area southeast of Cape Farewell where U-132 inadvertently sunk herself, had actually been on  operating nearby, causing severe damage but not sinking her.

Summary of raiding history

*Credit for sinking this vessel belongs to U-442

References

Bibliography

External links

German Type VIIC submarines
World War II submarines of Germany
U-boat accidents
U-boats commissioned in 1941
U-boats sunk in 1942
1941 ships
Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
Ships built in Bremen (state)
Submarines lost with all hands
Maritime incidents in November 1942


Midnight is a children's novel by English author Jacqueline Wilson.

Plot
The book is about a thirteen-year-old girl called Violet and her big brother, Will. Violet is a dreamy girl who is described as having long, thick hair and being small and skinny for her age. She is always away in her own world, filled with fairies designed by her favorite author, Casper Dream. Last Christmas, they found out that Will was adopted when Will was rude to their grandmother, and she said something about bad blood. Violet is extremely depressed to see how weak her mother is, and how she does everything her father tells her to do and does not care that her husband has no respect for her whatsoever; because it reminds her of herself, and how she always does what Will tells her to do. After Will forces her to play a game of 'Blind Man's Buff', a game she hates, she gets attacked by bats and Violet resolves to never let Will order her about again.

Moving on in the story, a new girl, Jasmine Day, comes to Violet's school and she chooses her as a friend. Violet is thrilled and spends a lot of time with Jasmine. Even though she adores Will, Violet refuses to spend a day with him, to go to Brompton Woods, and instead chooses to go to Jasmine's house.

Later on, Violet's father says that they are to go to their Gran's house to wish her a happy birthday, but Will refuses because how she had charmlessly told him that he was adopted. Violet's dad gets mad and when Violet says no as well, he is ready to hit them. But doesn't. Violet's mother - as usual - gives in and makes a fuss when she finds out that they both are not going. In the end, they leave without them. Will and Violet start playing 'Truth or Dare and Will asks Violet if she could have a love affair with anyone, who would it be? Violet hesitates and eventually answers Casper Dream. Violet repeats the question to Will but before he can answer, Jasmine calls and asks for help with her homework. Much to Violet's surprise, as he hates for her to have friends over, Will invites Jasmine himself.

They work for a while and then start up 'Truth or Dare' again, where Will asks Violet who she likes better, him or Jasmine. When Violet fails to respond, Will dares her to spend ten minutes in the attic. Violet reluctantly agrees. In the attic, Violet finds out that she used to have another brother named Will, but he died shortly after he was born, so her parents tried to replace him with her Will. Violet is ecstatic and can't wait to tell her brother. When Violet comes down after her ten minutes, she finds Will and Jasmine kissing. They make fun of her and the fairies she has hanging from the ceiling in her room. Violet feels betrayed because she thinks Will is trying to hurt her and Jasmine was only friends with her so she could be with Will. After smashing up her fairies (scratching Will with her Crow Fairy in the process), Violet runs away to see Casper Dream's old house, to find some magic in her sad world. There she finds Casper Dream himself and they become good friends.

She returns home and learns that Jasmine was a true friend to her after all. She forgives both Jasmine and Will. In the end, she confronts her parents' about the first Will. They have a little talk and soon things begin to be better after all for Violet. Violet starts creating a little figure; a changeling baby, signifying Will. Will gives Violet a note to tell her to look out her window at midnight and she sees her fairies hanging from the garden tree, repaired by Will.

References

Novels by Jacqueline Wilson
British children's novels
2004 British novels
Doubleday (publisher) books
British fantasy novels
2004 children's books


The Boston Reds were a Major League Baseball franchise that played in the Players' League (PL) in 1890, and one season in the American Association (AA) in 1891. In both seasons, the Reds were their league's champion, making them the second team to win back-to-back championships in two different leagues. The first franchise to accomplish this feat was the Brooklyn Bridegrooms, who won the AA championship in 1889 and the National League (NL) championship in 1890. The Reds played their home games at the Congress Street Grounds.

The Reds were an instant success on the field and in the public's opinion.  The team signed several top-level players, and they played in a larger, more comfortable and modern ballpark than the Boston Beaneaters, the popular and well established cross-town rival. Player signings that first year included future Hall of Famers King Kelly, Dan Brouthers, and Charles Radbourn, along with other veterans such as Hardy Richardson, Matt Kilroy, Harry Stovey, and Tom Brown. The PL ended after one season, leaving most of its teams without a league.

After the dissolution of the PL, the AA voted to allow the Reds into the new combined league. This was based on the condition that all players be returned to their former clubs via the reserve clause.  Although the team's on-field captain, Kelly, became the player-manager for a new AA club, the Cincinnati Kelly's Killers, the Reds stayed intact by keeping several of their top players. Of the club's key players from the previous year's team, Brouthers, Richardson, and Brown were retained. To fill the void of the departing players, the team brought in future Hall of Famers Hugh Duffy and Clark Griffith, along with solid veterans Paul Radford, Charlie Buffinton, and George Haddock. When the 1891 season ended, the AA folded as well, leaving the NL as the sole major league, and the Reds were bought out by the surviving NL clubs.

Players

References
General
Foulds, Allen E. 2005. Boston's Ballparks & Arenas. UPNE. .
Nemec, David. Rucker, Mark. 2004. The Beer and Whisky League: The Illustrated History of the American Association—Baseball's Renegade Major League. Globe Pequot. .
Specific

External links
Franchise index at Baseball-Reference and Retrosheet

Major League Baseball all-time rosters


Granville Richard Ryder (22 September 1833 – 3 August 1901) was a British Conservative Party politician.

Ryder was the second son of the Hon. Granville Ryder, second son of Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby. His mother was Lady Georgiana Augusta, daughter of Henry Somerset, 6th Duke of Beaufort. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1851. He was elected at the 1874 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Salisbury, having unsuccessfully contested the seat at a by-election in 1869. He retired from the House of Commons at the 1880 general election.

Ryder married Sibylla Sophia, daughter of Sir Robert Grant, in 1864. They had no children. In 1895, he bought Fisherton Delamere House from Laurence Birch. He died in August 1901, aged 67. His wife survived him by only two months and died in October 1901.

References

External links

1833 births
1901 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1874–1880
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Granville Richard


Organizational safety is a contemporary discipline of study and research developed from the works of James Reason, creator of the Swiss Cheese Model, and Charles Perrow author of Normal Accidents.  These scholars demonstrated the complexity and system coupling inherent in organizations, created by multiple process and various people working simultaneously to achieve organizational objectives, is responsible for errors ranging from small to catastrophic system failures.  The discipline crosses professions, spans industries, and involves multiple academic domains.  As such, the literature is disjointed and the associated research outcomes vary by study setting.  This page provides a comprehensive yet concise summary of safety and accidents organizational knowledge using internal links (to existing Wikipedia pages), external links (to sources outside of Wikipedia), and seminal literature citations.

Organizational Culture and Climate
Organizational culture emerged from organizational studies and management to describe the attitudes, perceptions, beliefs and values of an organization. Organizational culture is the established underlying suppositions (Ashkanasy, Broadfoot, & Falkus, 2000; Schein, 1991; Strauss, 1987) communicated through shared, collectively supported, perceptions (Schneider, Brief, & Guzzo, 1996) that ultimately manifest in organizational outputs (Ashkanasy et al., 2000; Schein, 1991; Strauss, 1987).  More basic, organizational culture has been described as "the specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organization."

To take a slightly broader view, it is necessary to consider the topic of organisational safety in the context of change management. An eminent example of a book in this category, discussing the topic of organisational culture, is The Change Masters". Rosabeth Moss Kanter notes in the chapter 2 of the book that change should be seen as opportunity rather than see it as a threat. Seen in this way, organisations can be analysed as systems tending towards open or closed systems as they are conceived in the field of social science. The classification of systems using these two categories allows analogies to be  made using the framework of general systems theory. The Open and closed system in social science provides further details on the topic  of communications between people which can be treated as a closed communication system. Rosabeth Moss Kanter noted that culture of segmentalism inhibits innovation as segmentalism treats change as a threat and integrated companies encourage innovation as they treat change as an opportunity.

Analyzing organisations or its culture must take into account the concept of system consisting of elements.  As a system, an organisation is a purposeful system that contains at least two purposeful elements  which have a common purpose. But, unlike, technical systems, organisations can consist of elements that can display will and learn to adapt. Organisations, unlike organisms forming part of the organisation, cannot learn but adapt to changing situations. Organisms, unlike organisations, are made up of elements that are not purposeful in any way. The elements of an organisms are functional in nature, but the purpose is only revealed by the whole. At least one of the elements of organisation must have a system control function to guide the organisation towards variety increasing rather than variety decreasing ( e.g. ineffective committee) as unlike the organisms, the will can be displayed only by parts or its elements. The dynamics of decision making within an organisation decide the course of action taken by an organisation. Research results highlight the risks
of ignoring the role of disequilibrium dynamics and bounded rationality in shaping competitive outcomes, and
demonstrate how both can be incorporated into strategic analysis to form a dynamic behavioural theory amenable to rigorous analysis.

The idea that too much reliance should not be placed on tool supported decision making was discussed by Robert Freeman in a 1980s article, "Taking the Bugs Out of Computer Spreadsheets". In it, Freeman discusses a case of a Dallas-based oil gas company losing millions of dollars in the acquisition deal. The question of reliability of the computer spreadsheets studied by Robert Freeman suggests that logic of models and the makeup underlying the spreadsheets must be thoroughly checked.

The UK HSE Research Report 367 presents a  review of safety culture and safety climate literature for the development of the safety culture inspection toolkit.

The key issue in the organisational context is the way the process of management of safety risk handles changes to the existing infrastructure, processes, technology or other elements and how communications regarding potential accident scenarios are handled and are seen in an integrated way. These changes might have unseen or adverse safety critical impacts. There are several concepts available to guide understanding in the area of safety. System safety is one of the concepts available. The other prominent method is the concept of Inherent safety. Espousing Change management can be seen as another concept in this direction.

Safety Culture, Climate, and Attitude

Safety Culture
Safety culture can be defined as the product of individual and group attitudes, perceptions, and values about workplace behaviors and processes that collectively result safety work units and reliable organizational products (Cox & Flin, 1998; Flin et al., 2000; Hale, 2000; Williamson, Feyer, Cairns, & Biancotti, 1997; Zohar, 1980, 2003).  In essence, safety culture describes the organizational attributes that reflect safe work environments (Guldenmund, 2000).  This concept is deeply rooted in social systems where comprehensive analysis of errors exposed organizational (Reason, 1998), system (Perrow, 1984), process (Rasmussen, 1999) and human failures (Cook, Render, & Woods, 2000) responsible for most preventable adverse outcomes (Reason, 1990).

Safety Climate
Safety climate.

Safety Attitude

Other Resources

Significant Scholars

Citations and References

Citations

References
Articles

Safety
Safety


The Platinum Collection Volume 3: Shout to the Lord 3 is a compilation praise and worship album of Christian Contemporary music by the Hillsong Church.

Track listing

 "Better Than Life" (Marty Sampson; from Hope)
 "Need You Here" (Reuben Morgan; from Hope)
 "Everyday" (Joel Houston; from Everyday)
 "Praise In The Highest" (Darlene Zschech; from God He Reigns)
 "Your Love Is Beautiful" (Morgan; from You Are My World)
 "Your Name High" (Houston; from This Is Our God)
 "Song Of Freedom" (Sampson; from Hope)
 "Exceeding Joy" (Miriam Webster; from Hope)
 "Break Free" (Joel Houston; from Saviour King)
 "Run" (Houston; from This Is Our God)
 "Church On Fire" (Russell Fragar; from Touching Heaven Changing Earth)
 "Jesus, What A Beautiful Name" (Tanya Riches; from God Is in the House)
 "Before The Throne" (Fragar; from All Things Are Possible)
 "I Give You My Heart" (Morgan; from God Is in the House)

2009 compilation albums
Hillsong Music compilation albums


Granville Ryder may refer to:

Granville Ryder (1799–1879), British politician
Granville Ryder (1833–1901), British politician, son of the above


Oakdale is a small rural community in Liberty County, Texas. A community by the same name was settled in Polk county in 1854. Old maps show Oakdale south of Cleveland, Texas. West of the Trinity river, Oakdale and Tarkington prairie supplied beef and rice to the railway during early Texas Republic. Oakdale is cattle country. Historical landmarks include Old Wells store Lucy F. Anderson residence, Hogan farm, office of Sam Houston, Indian Trace, Lynchburg 553, Sam Houston National Forest.

References

Towns in Texas
Populated places established in 1854
1854 establishments in Texas
Populated places in Polk County, Texas


The Republican Party of India (Gawai) is a political party in India. It is a splinter group of the  Republican Party of India. The leaders are former Governor of Kerala R. S. Gavai and his son Rajendra Gawai.The current President of the Republican party of India (Gawai) is S . Rajendran, former Member of Legislative assembly Karnataka. It is a constituent of the previous ruling United Progressive Alliance. Its presence is limited to Maharashtra.

In 2009 all factions of RPI except Prakash Ambedkar's Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha reunited to form a united Republican Party of India. RPI (Gawai) was a part of that but later split again.

Republican Party of India
Political parties in Maharashtra
Dalit politics
Ambedkarite political parties
Political parties with year of establishment missing


Rajendra Gavai is the President of Republican Party of India (Gavai).

Early life and education
He is the son of a former Governor of Bihar and  Kerala, R.S. Gavai, and is a medical doctor.

References

Living people
Indian politicians
Indian medical doctors
Republican Party of India politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)


Lo Wing-lok, JP (; 13 September 1954 – 9 May 2015) was a Hong Kong doctor and politician. He was the Legislative Councillor for the Medical functional constituency from 2000 to 2004. He was the vice-chairman of the pro-democracy League of Social Democrats but quit the party in late 2007. He ran for the Legislative Council again in 2004, 2008 and 2012 but was not elected. He died from lung cancer in 2015.

Biography
Lo was born in Hong Kong in 1954 and lived in the Healthy Village, a public housing estate in North Point. He graduated from St Paul's College in 1974 and from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong in 1979. He was an infectious disease specialist.

He entered into politics when he was elected to the Election Committee in the 1998 Subsector elections through the Medical sub-sector. He was elected to the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (Legco), representing the Medical functional constituency in 2000 Legco election. Lo was chairman of the Panel on Health Services of the Legislative Council from 2002 to 2003. He belonged to the pro-government parliamentary group Breakfast Group. During the controversies over Article 23 legislation, he publicly supported the national security law. He failed to retain the seat in the 2004 election won by urologist Kwok Ka-ki. During serving on the Legislative Council, he was also president of the Hong Kong Medical Association for two terms from 2002 to 2004.

Lo made a surprise move when he joined the newly founded pro-democracy League of Social Democrats in 2006 as vice-chairman, but resigned from the position and quit the party in late December 2007 over differences with the chairman Wong Yuk-man on the lease of the party's headquarters.

In 2007, he bid to represent the pan-democracy camp in the important Legco by-election for Hong Kong Island but was defeated in the primary by the eventual winner of the seat, Anson Chan.

Lo stood for the Hong Kong Island constituency in the 2008 and 2012 Legco elections as an independent candidate but was not returned.

Personal life
He married his schoolmate, gynaecologist Anna Yung Hiu-yan, who died in 2013. They had a son, Alasdair Kai-yan Lo.

Death
He battled lung cancer during his last years of his life. He was admitted to Queen Mary Hospital in May 2015 and then discharged, but died at Canossa Hospital the morning of 9 May.

References

1954 births
2015 deaths
Hong Kong medical doctors
Alumni of the University of Hong Kong
Alumni of St. Paul's College, Hong Kong
Hong Kong pro-Beijing politicians
Hong Kong Anglicans
League of Social Democrats politicians
HK LegCo Members 2000–2004
Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 1998–2000
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from cancer in Hong Kong
Hong Kong justices of the peace


Ashoka Vatika () is a grove in Lanka that is located in the kingdom of the rakshasa king Ravana. It is mentioned in the Vishnu Purana and the Hindu epic Ramayana of Valmiki, and all subsequent versions, including the Ramacharitamanas written by Tulsidas, where it finds mention in the Sundara Kanda. The Vatika has garden houses around it, built by Vishvakarma himself.

Literature
It was the location where Sita, the wife of Rama, was held captive by Ravana after her abduction, also because she refused to stay in Ravana's palace and preferred to stay under shimshapa tree in Ashoka Vatika. It was here that Ravana's wife Mandodari came to meet her and also where Hanuman met her for the first time, and identified himself with the finger ring of Rama.

Sita stayed at Ashoka Vatika until the end of the epic battle between Rama and Ravana, which resulted in the destruction of Ravana himself and most of this clan. Much of the Ashoka Vatika was destroyed by Hanuman when he first visited Lanka searching for Sita. Also destroyed was the Pramda Vana at the centre of the Ashoka Vatika.

Identification

Its present location is believed to be the Hakgala Botanical Garden, in the area known as Seetha Eliya, close to the resort city of Nuwara Eliya. The garden is situated at the base of the Hakgala Rock forms, has Sita Pokuna, a barren area atop the Hakgala Rock Jungle, where Sita was supposedly held captive; the Sita Amman Temple is located here. Another connected site is a spot where Sita bathed in a stream at Sita Eliya, called Sita Jharna. The site has attracted media interest in recent years owing to its connection with Hindu mythology.

References

External links

 - Ashoka Vatika in Sri Lanka

Places in the Ramayana
Nuwara Eliya
Locations in Hindu mythology


This is a list of awards and nominations of Juhi Chawla, an Indian actress.

Filmfare Awards

IIFA Awards

Zee Cine Awards

Bollywood Movie Awards

Star Screen Awards

Sansui Awards

Apsara Awards

Honors

References

External links
 IIFA Awards and Nominations-2006
 2004 awards -rediff
 Juhi Chawla's Awards and Nominations from Bollywood Hungama
 BFJA Awards Official Listings

Lists of awards received by Indian actor


The Republican Party of India (Kamble) is a political party in India, a splinter group of the old Ambedkarite Republican Party of India. The leader of the party is B. C. Kamble. Its presence is limited to Maharashtra among Dalits.

Recently, all factions of RPI except Prakash Ambedkar's Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha attempted to reunite and form a united "Republican Party of India".

Republican Party of India
Political parties in Maharashtra
Ambedkarite political parties
Political parties with year of establishment missing


The Republican Party of India (Khobragade)  is a political party in India, a splinter group of the Republican Party of India and named for its leader, B. D. Khobragade. The National President is now Sunil Harishchandra Ramteke.

RPI(K) has now united with all other factions of the RPI, except Prakash Ambedkar's Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha, to form a united Republican Party of India.

National activity
The party's last national representation was after the 1977 Indian general election, where it contested twelve seats, and won two, with a total of 956,072 votes. The two successful candidates were Daulat Gunaji Gawai, in Buldhana, Maharashtra, and Lal Hemraj Jain in Balaghat Kacharu, Madhya Pradesh. After this, it contested twenty-five seats in the 1984 Indian general election, receiving a total of 383,022 votes; two seats in the 1984 Indian general election, receiving a total of 165,320 votes; nineteen seats in the 1989 Indian general election, receiving a total of 486,615 votes; six seats in the 1991 Indian general election, receiving a total of 91,557 votes; and three in the 1996 Indian general election, receiving a total of 8,491 votes. It did not contest the 1999 Indian general election, but in the 1998 Indian general election, it contested one seat in Madhya Pradesh, receiving 2,167 votes.

RPI(K) contested one seat in Chhattisgarh in the 2004 Indian general election, receiving 4,790 votes.

References

Republican Party of India
Political parties in Maharashtra
Dalit politics
Ambedkarite political parties
Political parties with year of establishment missing


Ill Na Na 2: The Fever was intended to be the fourth studio album by American rapper Foxy Brown. The album was scheduled to be released on May 6, 2003 by Def Jam Recordings. However, the album was cancelled due to disagreements between Foxy Brown and executive producer Sean Combs.

History
Brown began recording the follow-up album to her previous release Broken Silence in the summer of 2001. Early in April 2002, she decided to title it Ill Na Na 2: The Fever. Amid rumors that Brown wanted to leave Def Jam, the album was initially to be released on July 2, 2002. In the middle of that month, Sean Combs offered to be co-executive producer. With a tentative release date of November 19, the first single would be the remix of "Stylin'", featuring Loon, Birdman, N.O.R.E., and Brown's brother Gavin. With a delayed release to May 2003 and plans to produce the album more like her latest (Broken Silence) rather than her original Ill Na Na, Brown started working with R&B singers Anita Baker and Lauryn Hill on the album in early 2003, and "I Need A Man" became the lead single. On April 16, 2003, Brown announced in an interview on The Wendy Williams Show on New York City radio station WBLS that she decided to terminate work on the album; the album would have been released on May 6. It was confirmed by MTV that the album would contain collaborations with: Lauryn Hill, Anita Baker, Luther Vandross, Spragga Benz, Shabba Ranks, P. Diddy, Capone-N-Noreaga, Fox 5 & Kori and Ludacris.

On February 26, 2020 the album was leaked on iTunes and Apple Music. Foxy responded on Instagram by threatening to sue whoever leaked the shelved album. She deleted the post shortly after.

Track listing
Fever (featuring Anita Baker)
The Storm
The Letter pt. 2 (featuring Luther Vandross)
Open Book
We Makin It
Ménage-á-Trois (featuring Ludacris)
Superfreak
Nasty (featuring P. Diddy)
How U Want It
Magnetic
Jumpin
Stylin' (featuring Baby, Loon, Capone-N-Noreaga)
Why
The Original
Raps Bible
Streets Love Me
Ice (featuring Nelly Furtado)
Get Off Me
Black Girl Lost
Watcha Gonna Do
Cruel Summer
Everyday People (featuring Lauryn Hill)
Memory Lane
Fan Love
B.K. Made Me
I Need a Man
Cradle 2 The Grave

Release 2021 :

 Open Book
 We Makin’ It
 How You Want It
 Magnetic
 The Original
 Superfreak
 Memory Lane
 Why
 Jumpin’
 Black Girl Lost
 Rap’s Bible
 Fan Love
 Stylin’

References

Bad Boy Records albums
Foxy Brown (rapper) albums
Unreleased albums
Hip hop albums by American artists


Siegfried Tiefensee (20 October 1922 – 24 March 2009) was a German musician and conductor.

Siegfried Tiefensee was born in Rastenburg, East Prussia, he started his artistic education in his early youth and learned piano, violin and composing. In 1947 he passed his exam as a music teacher and in 1951 his state examination as a conductor.

Tiefensee became the Kapellmeister at the theaters of Stendal (1951–1954), Gera (1954–1958) and Leipzig (1958-1990). In Leipzig he became the head of the section "drama music" at the "Theater der Jungen Welt" and composed several musical works for stages, TV and filmmusic. His works, such as the children's opera Cipollino, were published by the Friedrich Hofmeister Musikverlag.

Tiefensee was the father of four children, one of them the German politician Wolfgang Tiefensee. Tiefensee died in Leipzig.

Works

 Cipollino, Ein Spiel für Kinder/Kinderoper, 1959
 Katz und Kätzchen, Oper für Kinder, 1960
 Schneewittchen, DEFA-Film, 1961
 Das Pinguinei, Musical für Kinder, 1962
 Adrian und das rote Auto, Kinderoper, 1966
 Mascha und der Bär, Kinderballett, 1968
 Die Zauberer sind da, Märchenstück mit Musik, 1968
 Rotkäppchen, Märchenstück mit Musik, 1968
 Das Rübchen, Märchenstück mit Musik, 1971
 Der neue Struwwelpeter, Musikalisches Bilderbuch /Kinderoper, 1972
 Vom Äffchen, das eine Brille trug, 1973
 Die Geschichte vom tapferen Schneiderlein, Kinderballett, 1978
 Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten, Märchenstück mit Musik, 1980
 Maus und Kater im Theater, Ein Spiel für zwei Darsteller mit viel Musik, 1984

Literature

 Siegfried Tiefensee in: „Oper heute“, Almanach Nr. 1, Henschelverlag 1978
 Eberhard Rebling: Ballett A – Z, Henschelverlag 1980
 Brigitte Regler-Bellinger: Internationales Musiktheater für Kinder und Jugendliche, Frankfurt a. M. 1990 (pp 427 – 436)
 Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart (MGG), ed. Ludwig Finscher, Sachteil Band 5, 1996, 2. neubearb. Ausgabe, Stichwort „Kinder- und Jugendmusiktheater“ (Brigitte Regler-Bellinger), p. 48, 49

References

External links

1922 births
2009 deaths
People from Kętrzyn
Musicians from East Prussia
German composers
German male conductors (music)
20th-century German conductors (music)
20th-century German male musicians


The UltraSPARC III, code-named "Cheetah", is a microprocessor that implements the SPARC V9 instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Sun Microsystems and fabricated by Texas Instruments. It was introduced in 2001 and operates at 600 to 900 MHz. It was succeeded by the UltraSPARC IV in 2004. Gary Lauterbach was the chief architect.

History

When presented at the '97 Microprocessor Forum, the probable introduction date for the UltraSPARC III was 1999, and it would have competed with Digital Equipment Corporation's Alpha 21264 and Intel's Itanium (Merced). This was not to be the case as it was delayed until 2001. Despite being late, it was awarded the Analysts' Choice Award for Best Server/Workstation Processor of 2001 by Microprocessor Report for its multiprocessing features.

Description

The UltraSPARC III is an in-order superscalar microprocessor. The UltraSPARC III was designed for shared memory multiprocessing performance, and it has several features that aid in achieving that goal: an integrated memory controller and a dedicated multiprocessing bus.

It fetches up to four instructions per cycle from the instruction cache. Decoded instructions are sent to a dispatch unit at up to six at a time. The dispatch unit issues the instructions to the appropriate execution units depending on operand and resource availability. The execution resources consisted of two arithmetic logic units (ALUs), a load and store unit and two floating-point units. One of the ALUs can only execute simple integer instructions and loads. The two floating point units are also not equal. One can only execute simple instructions such as adds while the other executes multiplies, divides and square roots.

Cache

The UltraSPARC III has split primary instruction and data caches. The instruction cache has a capacity of 32 KB. The data cache has a capacity of 64 KB and is four-way set-associative with a 32-byte cache line. The external L2 cache has a maximum capacity of 8 MB. It is accessed via a dedicated 256-bit bus operating at up 200 MHz for a peak bandwidth of 6.4 GB/s. The cache is built synchronous static random access memory clocked at frequencies up to 200 MHz. The L2 cache tags are located on-die to enable it be clocked at the microprocessor's clock frequency. This increases bandwidth for accessing the cache tags, enabling the UltraSPARC to scale to higher clock frequencies easily. Part of the increased bandwidth to the cache tags is used by cache coherency traffic, which is required in the multiprocessor systems the UltraSPARC III is designed to be used in. As the maximum capacity of L2 cache is 8 MB, the L2 cache tags is 90 KB in size.

External interface

The external interface consists of a 128-bit data bus and a 43-bit address bus operating at 150 MHz. The data bus is not used to access memory, but the memory of other microprocessors and the shared I/O devices.

Memory controller

The UltraSPARC has an integrated memory controller and implements a dedicated 128-bit bus operating at 150 MHz to access up to 4 GB of "local" memory. The integrated memory controller is used to reduce latency and thus improve performance, unlike some other UltraSPARC microprocessors that use the feature to reduce cost.

Physical

The UltraSPARC III consisted of 16 million transistors, of which 75% are contained in the caches and tags. It was initially fabricated by Texas Instruments in their C07a process, a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process with a 0.18 μm feature size and six-levels of aluminium interconnect. In 2001, it was fabricated in a 0.13 μm process with aluminium interconnects. This enabled it to operate at 750 to 900 MHz. The die is packaged using the Controlled Collapse Chip Connection method and is the first Sun microprocessor to do so. Unlike most other microprocessors bonded in such a way, the majority of the solder bumps are placed in a peripheral ring instead of being distributed across the die. It was packaged in a 1368-pad land grid array (LGA) package.

UltraSPARC III Cu

The UltraSPARC III Cu, code-named "Cheetah+", is a further development of the original UltraSPARC III that operated at higher clock frequencies of 1002 to 1200 MHz. It has a die size of 232 mm2 and was fabricated in a 0.13 μm, 7-layer copper metallization, CMOS process by Texas Instruments. It was packaged in a 1,368-pad ceramic LGA package.

UltraSPARC IIIi

The UltraSPARC IIIi, code named "Jalapeño", is a derivative of the UltraSPARC III for workstations and low-end (one to four processor) servers introduced in 2003. It operates at 1064 to 1593 MHz, has an on-die L2 cache and an integrated memory controller, and is capable of four-way multiprocessing with a glue-less system bus optimized for the function. It contains 87.5 million transistors and has a 178.5 mm2 die. It was fabricated by Texas Instruments in a 0.13 μm, seven-layer metal (copper) CMOS process with low-k dielectric.

The UltraSPARC IIIi has a unified 1 MB L2 cache that operates at half of the microprocessor's clock frequency. As such, it has a six-cycle latency and a two-cycle throughput. The load to use latency is 15 cycles. The tag store is protected by parity and the data by ECC. For every 64-byte cache line, there are 36 ECC bits, enabling the correction of one-bit errors and the detection of any error within a four bits. The cache is four-way set-associative, has a 64-byte line size and is physically indexed and tagged. It uses a 2.76 μm2 SRAM cell and consists of 63 million transistors.

The on-die memory controller supports 256 MB to 16 GB of 133 MHz DDR-I SDRAM. The memory is accessed via a 137-bit memory bus, of which 128 bits are for data and 9 are for ECC. The memory bus has a peak bandwidth of 4.2 GB/s. The microprocessor was designed to support four-way multiprocessing. Jbus is used to connect up to four microprocessors. It is a 128-bit address and data multiplexed bus that operates at one half or one third of the microprocessor's clock frequency.

UltraSPARC IIIi+

The UltraSPARC IIIi+, code-named "Serrano", was a further development of the UltraSPARC IIIi. It was scheduled for introduction in the second half of 2005, but was cancelled in the same year in favor of the UltraSPARC IV+, UltraSPARC T1 and UltraSPARC T2. Its cancellation was not known until 31 August 2006. Improvements were higher clock frequencies in the range of 2GHz, a larger (4MB) on-die L2 cache, support for DDR-333 SDRAM, and a new 90nm process.

Successors
The UltraSPARC III family or processors was succeeded by the UltraSPARC IV series.

The UltraSPARC IV combined two UltraSPARC III cores onto a single piece of silicon and offered increased clock rates. The CPU's packaging was nearly identical, offering the difference of a single pin, simplifying board manufacturing and system design. Some systems which used UltraSPARC III processors could accept UltraSPARC IV CPU board upgrades.

References

 Konstadinidis, Georgios K. et al. (2002). "Implementation of a Third-Generation 1.1-GHz 64-bit Microprocessor". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Volume 37, Number 11.
 Song, Peter (27 October 1997). "UltraSparc-3 Aims at MP Servers". Microprocessor Report.
 Vance, Ashlee (31 August 2006). "Sun kills off much delayed UltraSPARC IIIi+ chip". The Register.
 "UltraSPARC III Cu Processor"

See also

 Fireplane

Computer-related introductions in 2001
SPARC microprocessors
Sun microprocessors
Superscalar microprocessors
64-bit microprocessors


Bhaurao Dewaji Khobragade (25 September 1925 – 9 April 1984), commonly known as Rajabhau Khobragade, was an Indian barrister, Ambedkarite social activist and politician. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha of the Parliament of India at various times from 1958 to 1984. He was Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha from 1969 to 1972. Khobragade was an Ambedkarite and leader of Republican Party of India (RPI). He hails from Mahar (Scheduled Caste) community and, in 1956 he got converted into Buddhism along with B. R. Ambedkar, the father of the Indian Constitution.

Khobragade had his early education at Jubilee High School, Chandrapur. He then went on to clear the Inter Science exam from Nagpur Science College in 1943 and B.A. exam from Morris College, Nagpur in 1945. On the advice of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, he went to London to study law  in 1950. He was one of the 16 students Dr. Ambedkar sent to London to study but was an exception as he went to London bearing his own expenses and the rest were scholarship students.

The [All Indian Republican Party] (अखिल भारतीय रिपब्लिकन पक्ष)] is a political party in India, a splinter group of the Republican Party of India and named for its leader, B. D. Khobragade. Barrister Rajabhau Khobragade Grandson Rajas Khobragade leading his movement.

Honors
Indian Post issued a stamp dedicated to Khobragade in 2009.

References

1925 births
1984 deaths
Marathi politicians
Republican Party of India politicians
Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra
Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
Republican Party of India (Khobragade) politicians
Indian Buddhists
20th-century Buddhists
Social workers from Maharashtra
British Buddhists
Converts to Buddhism from Hinduism
Buddhist activists
Dalit activists
Activists from Maharashtra
20th-century Indian lawyers
20th-century jurists
21st-century jurists
20th-century Indian politicians
Bombay State politicians


AMTV (formerly known as Music Feed, sometimes known as AMTV's Music Feed) is a television programming block on MTV in the United States, first aired unofficially as a sneak preview on March 26, 2009, and launched officially on March 30, 2009. It was originally the network's primary source of music video programming, but is now a general programming block. AMTV and AMTV2 were removed from MTV's lineup in 2017, but the AMTV logo remains in use during early morning general programming. For ratings purposes, the block is marketed as a separate network from MTV.

History

As Music Feed (2009–2017)

Background
AMTV signaled the newest return of music programming on MTV. The channel had gone without any music video programming during the first few months of 2009, after it ceased broadcasting FNMTV, a similar Friday night themed block that composed of short clips of music videos. The cancellation of MTV's flagship music program, Total Request Live, in November 2008 was also seen as the end of an era for MTV, leading critics to insist MTV's music brand is "irrelevant" and to conclude that the Internet has replaced television as the preferred medium for watching music videos.

Format overview
AMTV initially combined music videos with news updates, interviews, and live music performances. It featured many full-length music videos, including some older videos, in a segment called "Throwback". During the program, the channel promoted related features on its music-based web site, MTVMusic.com.

MTV resurrected its Unplugged series by airing individual acoustic performances during prime time hours, then placing the full episode on MTV.com and also playing many of the performances during AMTV over the next few days. MTV has also referred to the program as a "laboratory for advertising partnerships," meaning that an individual company could be the sole sponsor of the program on specific mornings, inserting its brand into the program in ways other than traditional TV commercials.

As of August 18, 2009, AMTV began airing weather. At some point, AMTV added a top 10 countdown that started to air in the 8 a.m. ET hour. The countdown ceased sometime in December 2009 but returned in its new 7 a.m. ET time slot on January 6, 2010.

AMTV's schedule changed a number of times throughout 2012 and more recently ended at 8 a.m. ET and excluded Monday airings. From April 16, 2012, the Monday block returned and videos went to 9 a.m. ET again.

The 8 a.m. ET hour continued to come and go since April 2012, but notably (since sometime in 2011) were the main stay playlists that made up AMTV. These playlists were the most common on AMTV and each lasted an hour without any specific order in which they aired: Clubland, Fiercest Females, Killer Collaborations, Sucker Free Playlist, Morning Jams, Wake & Shake. Specialty playlists appeared from time to time to support upcoming programming such as new programming and upcoming award shows.

As of January 2013, the order of programming on AMTV was as follows: 3 a.m. ET Clubland, 4 a.m. Rise & Grind, 5 a.m. Killer Collaborations, 6 a.m. MTV Jams, 7 & 8 a.m., Wake & Shake. The 8 a.m. ET hour of the block also aired specialty playlists on occasion.

MTV changed the airtime and length of AMTV frequently as 2013 progressed, announced only through their schedule. Airing of AMTV began to exclude Mondays and Tuesdays at this point, and as of September 16, 2013, all AMTV blocks were now sub-titled as "Buzzworthy".

Starting in late September 2013, all playlists were scheduled as "Music Feed", though the AMTV logo was still present in the block's graphics; Clubland became the only remaining separately-branded playlist.

On December 5, 2016, Music Feed went on a hiatus which lasted until March 7, 2017. Following its return, the program saw a major readjustment as the running time was decreased to only one hour. During this time, Music Feed aired in an early morning timeslot Tuesday through Friday, alternating between 4:00 and 5:00 a.m. ET each day. This format lasted until April 21, 2017, when Music Feed was ultimately removed from MTV's morning lineup.

Since the cancellation of AMTV as a programming block, the AMTV logo remains as an on-screen bug for all MTV programming airing between 3 a.m. and 11 a.m. ET/PT; as of late May 2020, music programming remained on the network through Fresh Out Live, an eight-minute interstitial which aired on Fridays at 5 p.m. ET/PT, and the program Fresh Out Playlist, which began on February 8, 2020, and aired on Saturday mornings at 8 a.m. ET/PT; the AMTV bug could be seen during Fresh Out Playlist due to its timeslot.

Programming blocks

 Clubland
 Fiercest Females
 Killer Collaborations
 Morning Jams
 MTV Jams
 Music Feed
 New Music Monday
 Rise & Grind
 Sucker Free Playlist
 Throwback Thursday
 Wake & Shake
 Woman Crush Wednesday

AMTV2

Sister network MTV2 debuted a similar program known as "AMTV2". AMTV2 first ran from 3 a.m. – 9 a.m. Mondays - Thursdays. In the 8 a.m. hour, AMTV2 previously ran a top 10 countdown much like AMTV does in the 7 a.m. hour. These videos were limited to hip hop and rock genres.

As of March 16, 2010, encore episodes of Sucker Free Daily aired at 8:30 a.m. ET/PT, ending the top 10 countdown for that week. The top 10 has not returned in the final hour (8 a.m. ET/PT) after Sucker Free Daily was moved to 7:30 a.m. ET/PT.

As of the week of January 17, 2011, AMTV2 ended at 7:30 a.m. ET/PT and no longer resumed at 8 a.m. ET/PT after Sucker Free Daily. The 8 a.m. hour was sometimes used to air music specials such as Unplugged, World Stage, or other music related series.

At some point in early 2011, AMTV2s graphics changed to reflect the new name Morning Music Buzz, though the AMTV2 graphic "bug" remains on the screen.

On February 12, 2012, AMTV2 aired Sunday from 8 a.m. – 9 a.m., its only weekend airing. The hour block was dedicated to Whitney Houston videos, which came a day after the news broke of her sudden death. Earlier in the morning on February 12, 2012, from 2 a.m. – 3 a.m. ET, an hour-long music block of Whitney Houston videos aired as well, which cut into the first hour of a re-airing of the film Bride of Chucky.

During its final years of broadcast, AMTV2 aired on weekday mornings from 4 a.m. – 9 a.m. ET/PT. AMTV2 was removed from MTV2's morning lineup on November 6, 2017. The last music video to be aired on AMTV2 was "Feelings" by Hayley Kiyoko.

See also
List of programs broadcast by MTV

References

External links
 MTV.com

2009 American television series debuts
2000s American music television series
2010s American music television series
MTV original programming


The John Watson House, now called The Historic Magnolia Manor, also known as Burwell House is a historic plantation house located at Warrenton, Warren County, North Carolina.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

History
The original Georgian / Federal style farm house was originally built about 1815. John Watson acquired the property in the 1830s. Warson hired Jacob W. Holt in 1859 to do the overbuild on the original house. He added the two-story, Greek Revival style main block. It is overlaid with ornate Italianate style detail at the roofline and on the full-width front porch.  In 1997 the Carver family acquired the property. In 2003 the Carver family turned the house into a bed & breakfast. In 2019, the Youakim family acquired the property and uses it as a wedding venue.

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Georgian architecture in North Carolina
Federal architecture in North Carolina
Italianate architecture in North Carolina
Greek Revival houses in North Carolina
Houses completed in 1855
Houses in Warren County, North Carolina
Plantation houses in North Carolina
Bed and breakfasts in North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Warren County, North Carolina


The Abbot of Evesham was the head of Evesham Abbey, a Benedictine monastery in Worcestershire founded in the Anglo-Saxon era of English history. The succession continued until the dissolution of the monastery in 1540.

List

Notes

References

Evesham
Abbot of Evesham
Evesham Abbey


Trimbak Mukundrao Kamble was an Indian politician and Ambedkarite activist. He was the leader of Republican Party Of India (Democratic), a splinter faction of the Republican Party of India. Kamble was from Maharashtra and a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Council. He was a popular Dalit leader.

Kamble was in politics since the formation of the Indian Dalit Panthers. He was a leader of the Namantar Andolan (Name Change Movement) of Marathwada University and an active leader in the Dalit Panthers. During 1990–96, he served as a legislator in the Maharashtra Legislative Council. Kamble was the former president of the Republican Party of India (A). He was an Ambedkarite activist and a Buddhist. He left the party after differences with senior leader Ramdas Athawale and formed the new party Republican Party of India (Democratic), and became its president.

He died aged 67 in Vivekanand Hospital and Research Center Latur on 28 September 2013.

References

1940s births
2013 deaths
People from Latur
Members of the Maharashtra Legislative Council
Republican Party of India politicians
Place of birth missing
Marathi politicians
Indian Buddhists
Social workers from Maharashtra
Dalit activists
Activists from Maharashtra
20th-century Indian politicians
21st-century Indian politicians
Republican Party of India (Athawale) politicians


Tommy Dunne (22 June 1946, in Glasgow – 2001) was a Scottish footballer who played as an inside forward. Dunne began his career in the mid-1960s with Leyton Orient, spending a short amount of time with the English side before returning to Scotland with Dumbarton. An equally short spell preceded a move to Albion Rovers, before a move to Dundee United towards the end of the decade. He then joined the Scottish junior side Irvine Meadow in June 1971.

References

External links

1946 births
Footballers from Glasgow
2001 deaths
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Dumbarton F.C. players
Albion Rovers F.C. players
Dundee United F.C. players
Men's association football inside forwards
Irvine Meadow XI F.C. players
St Anthony's F.C. players


Bapu Chandrasen Kamble (15 July 1919 – 6 November 2006) was an Indian politician, writer, editor, jurist, and social activist. He is also an Ambedkarite thinker, translator and biographer. Kamble is the leader of Republican Party of India (Kamble). He is from Maharashtra. He has written a Marathi biography of B. R. Ambedkar called "Samagra Ambedkar Charitra" (Vol. 1–24).

Kamble helped Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar while drafting the Constitution of India. For nearly 50 years after Ambedkar's death, Kamble led the Republican Party of India. After the death of Babasaheb, there was a split in the Republican Party of India. He is the president of a group, Republican Party of India (Kamble).

Journalism and educational career
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar started a Satyagraha demanding the cancellation of the Poona Pact in Pune on 18 July 1946, because the Cabinet Mission to India rejected the independent political existence of untouchables in 1946. This is called 'Pune Satyagraha'. For support this Satyagraha, student Kamble wrote an article Dalit Satyagrahinchi Kaifiyat (the Pleading of the Dalit Satyagrahies) in Kirloskar, a leading journal at that time. This article was published in the November 1946 issue of 'Kirloskar'. After that, Ambedkar himself read the article and appointed him as editor of Janata weekly. From 1948 to 1954, Kamble served as the editor of the Janata weekly. From 1956 to 1958, he served as the editor of the Prabuddha Bharat weekly. From 1959 to 1975, he served as the editor of the Republic weekly. The Janata and the Prabuddha Bharat were started by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar. Kamble followed Ambedkar. Due to the influence of Ambedkar, he converted to Buddhism in 1956. During 1956–57, he served as a Professor of Constitutional Law in Siddharth College of Law, Mumbai.

Political career

In 1952 Bombay Legislative Assembly election, Kamble was the MLA of the Scheduled Caste Federation party in the Bombay Legislative Assembly from 1952 to 1957. During this time, he fought alone on the issue of "Samyukta Maharashtra" (United Maharashtra) in the legislature. He was twice a member of the Republican Party of India in the Lok Sabha from 1957 to 1962 and 1977 to 1979. In the parliament, he opposed the Emergency and 44th Amendment of the constitution. He was a wise and learned leader of the Republican Party of India.

Books
List of following Books written by B. C. Kamble:
 Samagra Ambedkar Charitra (Vol. 1–24)
 Asprushya Mulche Kon Ani Te Asprushya Kase Banale? (Marathi translation of The Untouchables: Who Were They are Why The Become Untouchables)
 Aikyach Ka?
 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkaranche Akherche Sansadiy Vichar (Last thoughts of Dr. Ambedkar on Parliamentary Affairs)
 Raja Milindche Prashna (Questions of kind Milind)
 Legislature Vs. High Court
 Thoughts on 44th Constitution Amendment Bill
 Dr. Ambedkar on Indian Constitution
 Questions of King Milind
 Tripitak (Volume Nos. 1 to 4)
 Dr. Ambedkar as Parliamentarian
 'Last thoughts of Dr. Ambedkar on Parliamentary Affairs Uprooting the famine''

References

1919 births
2006 deaths
Marathi politicians
Republican Party of India politicians
Writers from Mumbai
Marathi-language writers
Scholars from Mumbai
Indian Buddhists
20th-century Buddhists
21st-century Buddhists
Social workers from Maharashtra
Converts to Buddhism from Hinduism
Dalit activists
Activists from Maharashtra
20th-century Indian lawyers
21st-century Indian lawyers
20th-century jurists
21st-century jurists
Indian newspaper editors
21st-century Indian politicians
20th-century Indian biographers
21st-century Indian biographers
Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra
India MPs 1957–1962
India MPs 1977–1979
Members of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
Bombay State MLAs 1952–1957
Bombay State politicians


The Independent Police Investigative Directorate (IPID), formerly the Independent Complaints Directorate (ICD), is a department of the South African government responsible for investigating complaints against the South African Police Service and municipal police services.

The IPID was created in April 1997 as part of the post-apartheid reform of the South African Police. It investigates deaths in custody, crimes allegedly committed by police officers, violations of SAPS policy, and dissatisfaction with the service provided by the police.

References

External links
 Official website

1997 establishments in South Africa
Government agencies established in 1997
Law enforcement agencies of South Africa
Crime in South Africa
Police oversight organizations


Dirty Weekend (1991) is a novel by Helen Zahavi, adapted into a film two years later by Zahavi and director Michael Winner.  In the US it was first published under the title The Weekend; some editions are subtitled "A Novel of Revenge".

Plot introduction
Overturning the traditional notion of a pleasurable sex-filled dirty weekend, Zahavi's novel instead examines a weekend killing spree committed by Bella, a twenty-something former sex-worker. She is targeted by men who sexually abuse women, but kills them instead of letting them victimize her. Over the course of the weekend she murders seven men through a variety of gruesome methods. In the end she escapes to a new life in the large, faceless city of London.

In the novel the old picaresque tradition is revived: there is one central character, Bella, the picara, who is the only link to all the other characters. She meets and confronts one man after the other, kills him, and moves on to the next.

Plot summary

Bella, a solitary young woman with a dubious past, has just arrived in Brighton. Having recently been dumped by her "boyfriend", all she wants is some peace and quiet in her newly rented small flat near Brunswick Square. Tim, a young man living in one of the houses across her backyard, takes a fancy to the new arrival and soon starts watching and eventually molesting her. He accosts her in the park and torments her with obscene phone calls.

The police are not really helpful, but Bella is scared. On a stroll through the Lanes, she sees a sign advertising sessions with a clairvoyant and, on the spur of the moment, she visits him. Her meeting with Nimrod serves as both an eye-opener and a catalyst. When Bella leaves Nimrod that Friday afternoon, her self-confidence has been restored, her mind is set, and she is ready for action: She has "had enough".

A few hours later Tim makes his last obscene phone call to Bella. At night she enters his flat through a window and batters the sleeping man's head with a hammer. On Saturday morning she goes to a gunshop, but all they are prepared to sell her is an airgun. When she leaves the shop she is followed by "Mr Brown", who does sell her an illegal weapon. On Saturday night, dressed to kill, she enters the lobby of one of the large seafront hotels and only has to wait for a few minutes until she is chatted up. Her unsuspecting victim is Norman, a clinical psychologist with a weight problem. Norman, who is attending a congress in Brighton, can easily persuade her to join him upstairs in his hotel room. Once there, he cannot get an erection, and overcompensates by beating Bella over the head with a shoe until one of her teeth breaks. Afterwards, he demands that Bella let him be her "slave". Bella takes the opportunity and, while Norman is bound and gagged, kills him by putting a plastic bag over his head.

On Sunday morning she finds a dentist who is willing to treat her tooth. After he has fixed her tooth, the dentist offers to give her a lift home. Instead, he drives into an empty multi-storey car park and forces Bella to perform oral sex on him. As a result, Bella kills him with his own Mercedes CE car. She steals the vehicle and soon afterwards comes to the rescue of an old tramp called "Liverpool Mary" who is biding her time in a cul-de-sac near Brighton station. She shoots three yuppie-style young men who, drunk and angry, are threatening to set fire to the bag lady.

On the same night, at 4 a.m., while walking along the beach near the deserted West Pier, she realizes that she is being watched. The man watching her, a serial killer, thinks he has found his next victim, but when he attacks Bella she stabs him with a flick-knife in the leg.

See also

 Dirty Weekend (1993 film)

External links
 Helen Zahavi official website
 Interview with Alex Kershaw - Tribune Magazine
 Noir Transformations:  Gender, Place and Identity in The Talented Mr Ripley and Dirty Weekend - Andrew Jeffcoat, Lancaster University/Crimeculture.com

1991 British novels
British crime novels
Feminist novels
British satirical novels
British novels adapted into films
Picaresque novels
Novels set in Brighton
Novels about serial killers
Macmillan Publishers books


Ariana Kabul F.C. () is the second oldest football team in Afghanistan. The club was founded in 1941.

The inaugural Afghanistan national football team was the entire squad of Ariana F.C. selected for the Afghanistan Independence football tournament, hosted in Kabul in August 1941. The team played two matches, a 3–1 loss to India and a 0–0 draw with Iran.

Club used to be the most successful football club in Afghanistan, having won the Kabul Football League in a streak from 1946 to 1955.

Achievements

Kabul Premier League
Winners (10): 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955

References

Football clubs in Afghanistan
Sport in Kabul
Association football clubs established in 1941
1941 establishments in Afghanistan


Quote-to-cash (or QTC or Q2C) is an information technology term for the integration and automated management of end-to-end business processes on the sell side.

It includes the following aspects of the sales process:
 Product (or Service) Configuration
 Pricing
 Quote creation for a prospect or customer or channel partner, and its negotiation
 Customer acceptance of the deal
 Product ordering and fulfillment
 Invoicing
 Payment receipt
 Renewals.

See also
 Enterprise resource planning

References

Supply chain management


In mathematics, the indefinite product operator is the inverse operator of . It is a discrete version of the geometric integral of geometric calculus, one of the non-Newtonian calculi. Some authors use term discrete multiplicative integration.

Thus

More explicitly, if , then

If F(x) is a solution of this functional equation for a given f(x), then so is CF(x) for any constant C. Therefore, each indefinite product actually represents a family of functions, differing by a multiplicative constant.

Period rule

If  is a period of function  then

Connection to indefinite sum

Indefinite product can be expressed in terms of indefinite sum:

Alternative usage

Some authors use the phrase "indefinite product" in a slightly different but related way to describe a product in which the numerical value of the upper limit is not given.  e.g.

.

Rules

List of indefinite products

This is a list of indefinite products . Not all functions have an indefinite product which can be expressed in elementary functions.

(see K-function)

(see Barnes G-function)

(see super-exponential function)

See also

Indefinite sum
Product integral
List of derivatives and integrals in alternative calculi
Fractal derivative

References

Further reading
 http://reference.wolfram.com/mathematica/ref/Product.html -Indefinite products with Mathematica
  - bug in Maple V to Maple 8 handling of indefinite product
 Markus Müller. How to Add a Non-Integer Number of Terms, and How to Produce Unusual Infinite Summations
 Markus Mueller, Dierk Schleicher. Fractional Sums and Euler-like Identities

External links
 Non-Newtonian calculus website

Mathematical analysis
Indefinite sums
Indefinite sums
Non-Newtonian calculus


Wacław Micuta (pseudonym Wacek; 6 December 1915, in Petrograd, Russia – 21 September 2008, in Geneva, Switzerland) was a Polish economist, World War II veteran, and United Nations functionary.

He took part in the September 1939 defense of Poland and, in the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, commanded one of two  tanks that had been captured from the Germans.

Life

Micuta was born to a Polish Kresy family in Petrograd, Russia. He was the son of Leonard Micuta (1885-1916) and Wanda Pawłowicz (1880-1956). In 1922 his family moved to Poznań, in western Poland, where he completed secondary school and studied economics. He was also active in the scouting movement. He finished his military enlistment at Włodzimierz Wołyński, in eastern Poland, in the rank of second lieutenant.

After completing his studies in June 1939, he became secretary to the Governor of Silesia Province, Michał Grażyński, but he held this position only briefly due to the outbreak of World War II.

Mobilized, he took part in the September Campaign of 1939, fighting, among others, at the Battle of the Bzura. On 19 September, during an attack on German positions at Laski, he suffered a serious wound to his right hand. Captured and sent to a German prisoner-of-war camp, he escaped in 1940 and made his way to Warsaw.

There he was brought into the Armed Resistance by Jan Nowak-Jeziorański. At first he was adjutant to Major Jan Włodarkiewicz.  However, in September 1940 he became a Szare Szeregi (boy-scout soldiers) instructor.  After 1941 he served as an instructor in Lwów until July 1942, when he was arrested by the Gestapo. Under interrogation and torture he confessed to nothing and gave up none of his underground comrades. Thanks to friends' efforts on his behalf, after several months he was freed. He resumed underground activity and was promoted to first lieutenant.

In summer 1944, Micuta returned to Warsaw, where he became a special-assignments officer for the Home Army's Scouting Batalion Zośka.  During the Warsaw Uprising the battalion captured two German Panther tanks, and Micuta was made commander of a newly formed armored platoon (unique in its kind on the insurgent side) which fought in Warsaw's Wola district.

Micuta was the actual commander of one of the captured tanks, which was nicknamed Magda, and used it in an operation which liberated the Gęsiówka concentration camp.  The operation freed some 350 Polish, Greek, Hungarian and French Jews. One of the freed inmates, Henryk Lederman, organized a battalion from the liberated Jews, which he presented to Micuta. This unit fought under Micuta for the remainder of the uprising, according to Micuta "[fighting] like mad... I think only three of them survived."

On 11 August 1944 the Polish insurgents had to abandon the captured tanks, which had been heavily damaged, and evacuated Wola via the sewer system for Warsaw's Old Town.

In subsequent fighting Micuta was wounded in his left lung, but after a short stay at an insurgent hospital he returned to battle, later taking part in fighting in the Czerniaków and Śródmieście districts.

During the Uprising he was promoted to captain.

Postwar
After the war, Micuta kept his activities with the Home Army secret from the Communist authorities, who were prosecuting and persecuting former Home Army members. He worked in Zakopane and Łódź as a driving instructor. From 1946 he worked in the Ministry of Central Planning.

In 1948 he obtained permission to travel with his family to Switzerland, where he decided to remain. He began working for the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and afterwards in other U.N. commissions. His tasks included compiling economic data and writing economic reports about Poland and other countries of the Eastern Bloc. In 1960 he volunteered to take part in a U.N. peace mission to the war-torn Belgian Congo. He also participated in other missions in Rwanda and Burundi. Between 1965 and 1968 he was vice president of the U.N. Development Program for Europe. He served as U.N. representative in the Republic of Chad. In 1971 he was Deputy Director of Operations for the U.N.'s Division on Narcotic Drugs.

After retiring in 1976, Micuta continued his activities on behalf of developing countries. He was also a pioneer in, and tireless promoter of, renewable energy and founder of the Renewable Energies Development Institute in Geneva. While working for the institute, he developed a low-cost fuel-efficient stove which could be easily constructed and used in poor countries. This stove design was published by the HEDON Household Energy Network in their journal, Boiling Point.

He was the author of numerous professional publications and recipient of a number of awards. He was active in the Organization of Poles in Switzerland and in organizations concerned with Polish-Jewish relations. In February 2000 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the Polish Armed Forces on inactive duty.

He died on 21 September 2008 in Geneva.

Awards
For his part in the Polish September 1939 Campaign, Micuta received the Cross of Valor and the Order of Virtuti Militari. He was awarded a second Virtuti Militari for his part in the Warsaw Uprising.

On 10 April 2007 he was awarded the  Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta.

See also
Polish resistance movement in World War II
Warsaw Uprising
Gęsiówka
List of Poles

Notes

1915 births
2008 deaths
People from Poznań
People from the Russian Empire of Polish descent
People who emigrated to escape Bolshevism
Home Army members
Recipients of the Virtuti Militari
Commanders with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)


John Watson House may refer to:

John Watson House (Hiram, Maine), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Oxford County
John Watson House (Warrenton, North Carolina), NRHP-listed
John N. and Cornelia Watson House, Lakeview, Oregon, NRHP-listed

See also
Watson House (disambiguation)


The Women's Scratch was one of the 8 women's events at the 2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, held in Pruszków, Poland.

20 Cyclists from 20 different countries participated in the race. Because of the number of entries, there were no qualification rounds for this discipline. The competition consisted on 40 laps, making a total of 10 km and was run on 27 March 2009. Ellen van Dijk could not cement her reputation as the 2008 World champion and it was the 2007 World champion and 2008 silver medalist Yumari González from Cuba who won the scratch race with Elizabeth Armitstead and Belinda Goss finishing in second and third position.

Final

References

Women's scratch
UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's scratch
UCI


Agulhas (needles in the Portuguese language —  or ) may refer to:
 Cape Agulhas, the southernmost point of Africa
 L'Agulhas, a town near the Cape
 Cape Agulhas Lighthouse, located at the Cape
 Cape Agulhas Local Municipality, the municipality governing the area around Bredasdorp, including the Cape
 Agulhas National Park, a national park protecting areas around Cape Agulhas
 The Agulhas Bank, an area of ocean south of the Cape
 The Agulhas Current, an ocean current off the east coast of South Africa
 South African research ships: :
S. A. Agulhas
S. A. Agulhas II


Kieran Allen (born November 21, 1975) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played at club level for Wakefield Trinity (Heritage № 1039), Hull Kingston Rovers 1996 title winning team and Hunslet Hawks, as a , or . He also represented England School boys as captain, then Great Britain rugby league.

External links
Statistics at rugbyleagueproject.org
Huddersfield extend NFP lead
Britain show off strength in depth
"Kieran Allen" AND "Rugby League" at BBC → Sport

Hunslet R.L.F.C. players
Living people
1975 births
English rugby league players
Rugby league five-eighths
Rugby league fullbacks
Wakefield Trinity players


German submarine U-197 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 5 July 1941 at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard in Bremen as yard number 1043. She was launched on 21 May 1942, and commissioned on 10 October under the command of Korvettenkapitän Robert Bartels. After training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla at Stettin, U-197 was transferred to the 12th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 April 1943.

Design
German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs. U-197 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-197 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one  SK C/32 naval gun, 150 rounds, and a  SK C/30 with 2575 rounds as well as two  C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had a complement of fifty-five.

Service history
U-197 sailed from Kiel on 3 April 1943 on her first and only combat patrol, sailing around the Cape of Good Hope to the waters south of Madagascar.

On 20 May, while in the South Atlantic, north-east of Ascension Island, she torpedoed the 4,763 GRT Dutch tanker Benakat. After the crew of 44 men abandoned ship in three lifeboats a second torpedo broke the ship in two, and the bow section sank. The U-boat surfaced and sank the stern section with her deck gun.

She torpedoed the unescorted 9,583 GRT Swedish tanker Pegasus south-west of Madagascar on 24 July. The ship, loaded with 12,855 tons of gasoline, sank in flames. All 38 of her crew survived.

On 30 July, the unescorted 7,181 GRT American Liberty ship William Ellery was hit by a single torpedo about  east southeast of Durban. A second torpedo narrowly missed, and despite a  hole in the port side, the ship escaped and arrived at Durban on 1 August under her own power.

The unescorted 6,921 GRT British merchant ship Empire Stanley was torpedoed and sunk south southeast of Cap Sainte Marie, Madagascar on 17 August. From the 54 men aboard, 25 lost their lives, while the 29 survivors were later picked up in two lifeboats.

Sinking
On 20 August 1943 U-197 was attacked south of Madagascar, in position , by a British PBY Catalina aircraft of No. 259 Squadron RAF with six depth charges and slightly damaged. As the aircraft had no more bombs, it attempted to strafe with her machine guns, but the U-boat responded with AA fire. The aircraft then circled the U-boat at a safe distance and radioed for assistance. The U-boat remained on the surface, perhaps assuming that any support was unlikely, and that the aircraft would depart. Another Catalina, FP 313 of 265 Squadron and piloted by captain Ernest Robin, (receiving the D.F.C. [Distinguished Flying Cross] for the sinking of the vessel), arrived. U-197 crash-dived, and the aircraft dropped three depth charges, two of which detonated to port of the U-boat, but the third hit the U-boat, killing all 67 hands.

Eitel-Friedrich Kentrat, commander of , was severely criticised by Befehlshaber der U-Boote (BdU) [U-boat headquarters] for his lack of support for U-197. Korvettenkapitän Robert Bartels of U-197 had radioed a distress signal. The correct response by any boat in the vicinity, according to orders, would have been to assist at top speed. The BdU twice ordered U-196 to aid U-197 before Kentrat responded, and by that time U-197 and the entire crew were lost.

Summary of raiding history

References

Bibliography

External links

World War II submarines of Germany
World War II shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean
German Type IX submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1942
Indian Ocean U-Boats
U-boats sunk in 1943
U-boats sunk by depth charges
U-boats sunk by British aircraft
1942 ships
Ships built in Bremen (state)
Submarines lost with all hands
Maritime incidents in August 1943


The Peoples Republican Party, also known as Republican Party of India (Kawade), is a political party in India. PRP is a splinter group of the old B. R. Ambedkar's Republican Party of India. The leader of the party is Jogendra Kawade. Its presence is limited to Maharashtra among Dalits. His party had supported Bharatiya Janata Party leader Nitin Gadkari in Maharashtra Legislative Council election. In 2022 it supported the Congress Party but discontinued this alliance in the first week of October 2022.

Recently in January 2023 party tied up with BSS-BJP alliance in Maharashtra and become part Eknath Shinde led Mahayuti alliance.

Recently, all factions of RPI except Prakash Ambedkar's Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha reunited to form a united Republican Party of India. Peoples Republican Party is also merged in this united RPI. However senior RPI leader Ramdas Athavle and his faction left the United RPI alliance after the Vidhan Sabha elections and joined hands with Shivsena -BJP.

Jogendra Kawade criticised Ramdas Athawale for joining hands with right wing alliance of Shivsena - BJP. He also announced that his party will continue to be part of Third Front popularly known as RIDALOS.

References

Republican Party of India
Political parties in Maharashtra
Ambedkarite political parties
Political parties with year of establishment missing


Kawle may refer to:
 Kawle (surname), a surname common in India
 Kawle, Poland, a village in Poland
 Kawale Tarf Nate, a Village in Mahad taluka, Raigad district of Maharashtra state in India


The 2009 Houphouët-Boigny stampede occurred on 29 March 2009 in the Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny in Abidjan, Ivory Coast before a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification match between Malawi and Ivory Coast. Nineteen people were killed and 135 were injured. In an attempt to control a stampede police fired tear gas into the crowds, who had begun jostling with each other at least 40 minutes before kick off. The match was particularly popular among locals, with world stars such as Didier Drogba, Sol Bamba and Salomon Kalou due to play for Ivory Coast.

Overview
The match was the first match in group 5 of round 3 of the CAF zonal qualifying. It was played despite the deaths occurring before kick off, and was won 5–0 by Ivory Coast. Officials have said that ticketless football fans were to blame for the stampede. Ivorian Prime Minister Guillaume Soro held a crisis meeting with ministers and football officials on 30 March to discuss the tragedy. FIFA President Sepp Blatter said: "I wish to express extreme sorrow and extend our condolences to the Ivorian football community and, most importantly, to family, friends and loved ones following the tragic deaths in Abidjan yesterday. FIFA has also launched an inquiry into how the tragedy happened".

On 9 May 2009 FIFA decided to extend its investigation into the event, they interviewed members of the Ivorian Football Federation, police and other local and national organisations. FIFA had not given a deadline for the conclusion of the investigation.

On 22 July 2009, FIFA fined the Ivorian Football Federation $47,000 following the enquiry into the stadium tragedy. Football's world governing body imposed a series of safety measures after concluding the long investigation. FIFA also announced a donation of $96,000 to a fund set up for the families of the victims.

Earlier casualties at incidents at football matches in Africa included 127 people killed in 2001 in the AccraSports Stadium crowd stampede in Ghana, 11 people killed in rioting in September 2008 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and eight crushed to death in June 2008 in Liberia.

References

External links

Human stampedes in 2009
2009 in Ivorian football
2009 riots
Football in Malawi
Stadium disasters
Man-made disasters in Malawi


Lake Wainamu is a small lake near Te Henga (Bethells Beach) in the Auckland Region of New Zealand. It is located south-west of Lake Kawaupaka.

Geography

Lake Wainamu is fed by three streams to the south: the Wainamu Stream, Plum Pudding Stream and the Houghton Gully stream. Traditionally, these were referred to as Waitohi (baptismal rite stream), Waikūkū (kūkupa/kererū stream), and Toetoeroa (referring to the toetoe grass).  The mouth of the Wainamu Stream is the location of the Wainamu Falls, also traditionally known as Waitohi. Lake Wainamu drains into the Waitī Stream, a catchment of the Waitākere River.

7,000 years ago, when sea-levels rose after the Last Glacial Maximum, the lake formed a part of the Waitākere River tidal estuary. Over time, Tasman Sea sand accumulated at Te Henga, forming a beach and allowing Lake Wainamu to form as a freshwater dune lake. A decline in water quality was noted in 1990s and was thought to be caused by exotic fish accelerating the loss of the submerged plant life. In response the Auckland Regional Council removed over 9,000 exotic fish (particularly perch, goldfish and rudd) between 2004 and 2007. In 2009, grass carp were introduced to the lake in an attempt to rid it of introduced egeria. The lake is also home to native freshwater fish including banded kokopu, inanga, common smelt, common bully, grey mullet, longfin and short-finned eel.

Biodiversity

The lake is a breeding ground for the New Zealand pipit, and is a habitat for Spinifex, pīngao, marram grass, pampas and coastal  toetoe.

History

The lake is within the traditional rohe of Te Kawerau ā Maki, and was known as Roto Wainamu. The name refers to the sandflies or mosquitos that were commonly found near the lake. The lake was part of the greater Te Henga / Bethells Beach and Waitākere River area of settlements, with the locality of Ōhuhu found on the western shores of the lake, and the fortified pā of Poutūterangi and Te Pae Kākā to the south-east of the lake. Te Pae Kākā was a pā site named after the kākā parrot. Te Kawerau ā Maki rangatira Kowhatukiteuru built two stone pā near Lake Wainamu: Pakowhatu and Koropōtiki.

The lake and the lake's catchment were a site for the kauri logging industry between 1921 and 1925. Streams which fed the lake were dammed, and once water levels were high enough, the logs were flushed downstream to the lake, after which they were transported to the Waitākere railway station.

In 1954, Lake Wainamu and the surrounding land was bought by Happy and Elizabeth Wheeler from landowner Harold Houghton. In the 1970s, the Wheeler family sold the lake to the Queen Elizabeth II National Trust, and the area was opened up to visitors.

Gallery

See also
List of lakes in New Zealand

References

Wainamu
Waitākere Ranges
Waitākere Ranges Local Board Area
West Auckland, New Zealand


Mahmoudiyeh F.C. () is the first football team that was established in Afghanistan. The club was founded in 1934. In 1937, the team travelled to British India where it played 18 matches against Indian teams of which won 8, lost 9 and drew 1.

The club produced many notable players of whom, four took part in 1948 Olympic Games as members of the Afghanistan national football team: Wahid Aitimadi, Abdul Ahad Kharot,
Abdul Ghafoor Assar and Abdul Ghani Assar.

References

Football clubs in Afghanistan
Sport in Kabul
Association football clubs established in 1934
1934 establishments in Afghanistan


Kawale,(कवळे/कावळे),Kavle,or Kawle, is a common surname in Maharashtra, India.

The surname is found in Hindu caste like Deshastha Brahmin, Maratha,  Lingayat, Kasar. Further, it has descended into various categories i.e. Teli,Kasar, Sonar, Bhandari, etc.

People with this surname are predominantly found in most of the major cities in Maharashtra like Mumbai, Pune, Konkan Satara Nashik, Nagpur, Solapur, Kolhapur, Aurangabad.

References

Surnames of Hindu origin


Innocenzo Cibo (25 August 1491 – 13 April 1550) was an Italian  cardinal and archbishop.

Family and education
From the Genoese family Cibo, in 1488 the Cybo family purchased Florentine citizenship for a considerable sum of money      Innocenzo was born in Florence on 25 August 1491  to Franceschetto Cybo and Maddalena di Lorenzo de' Medici.  His father, Francesco (Franceschetto) Cibo,  was the illegitimate son of Giovanni Battista Cibo, who became Pope Innocent VIII (1484–1492), and had five additional children:  Lorenzo, Caterina, Ippolita, Giovanni Battista and Pietro.  Francesco's sister, Theodorina, married Gerardo Usumari, a rich Genoese.    Innocenzo's mother was Maddalena de' Medici, the daughter of Lorenzo the Magnificent and sister of Piero de' Medici, Giovanni de' Medici, who became Pope Leo X (1513–1520), Giulio de' Medici, and three other sisters. Her first cousin, Giulio de' Medici, became Pope Clement VII (1523–1534).

He was presumably educated at the Medici court. When his uncle Giovanni de' Medici was elected pope in March 1513, benefits flowed even more abundantly to the Cybo.

Cardinal and archbishop
On 17 March 1513, the day on which Leo X was consecrated a bishop, he made Innocenzo a Protonotary Apostolic  In Pope Leo's first consistory, 23 September 1513, he was made cardinal-deacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano. He exchanged this deaconry for Santa Maria in Domnica on 26 June 1517. On 11 May 1520, he was made archbishop of Genoa by the favour of his uncle Pope Leo X. For a brief three months in 1521 he was Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church but was 'allowed' to sell the office for the sum of 35,000 ducats to another of Leo's favourites, Cardinal Francesco Armellino de' Medici

He accumulated the rights of administration over episcopal sees, e.g. St Andrews (13 October 1513—13 November 1514), Marseille, Aleria in  Corsica (19 June 1518 – 19 December 1520), Ventimiglia (27 July 1519 – 8 August 1519) and numerous others, most for brief periods of time.

He participated in the Conclave of December 15209 January 1521, and, even though (or perhaps because) he was ill and had to cast his vote from his sickbed, he came close to being elected pope.  Once his name was suggested he managed about twenty votes, apparently from the younger cardinals, those desirous of continuing the habits of the court of Leo X.

King Francis I of France appointed him Abbot of Saint-Victor of Lerins in 1522, hoping, no doubt, to strengthen the French interest in the College of Cardinals after the election of the minister of Emperor Charles V to the papal throne as Adrian VI.  He was also granted the Abbey of St Ouen in Rouen.

In 1524 he was made Legate of Bologna and the Romagna.  In 1529 and 1530, he was the host of both Emperor Charles V and Pope Clement VII in Bologna, and he participated in the coronation of the Emperor on 24 February as Archdeacon.  At the conclusion of the ceremonies, he and Cardinal Ippolito de' Medici accompanied the Emperor on his homeward journey as far as Mantua.

Just before the Sack of Rome of 1527, he took refuge in Massa Carrara, host of his sister-in-law and mistress Ricciarda Malaspina, by whom he had four children, who were later naturalized.

A report to the Venetian Senate, written by Antonio Sorano, its ambassador at Rome, on 18 July 1531, provides an analysis of Cardinal Cibo, as his assignment required.  He stated that Cibo was not a person of grand affairs nor of deep thought, but too immediately given over to worldly pleasures and to some lasciviousness.  Pope Clement did not seek his counsel on matters of state.

In 1532 and 1533 Cardinal Cybo was sent by his first cousin Clement VII, to govern Florence during the absence of Duke Alessandro de' Medici. He was one of the four Cardinals appointed executors of Pope Clement's Will At the conclave following Clement's death, he had hopes of the papacy, but was eclipsed by Paul III,  and subsequently he decided to return to Florence. But here his relationships with the Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici deteriorated, and he moved again to Massa Carrara in 1540. Two years later his loyalty to the Imperial cause was rewarded with the title of Cardinal Protector of Germany.

In Rome, the Cardinal had his residence in Palazzo Altemps.  He returned to that city in 1549 to take part in the Conclave following the death of Pope Paul III (Farnese). The favoured candidate was Reginald Pole, but Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, Julius III,  was elected.  As senior Cardinal Deacon Innocenzo Cibo crowned Pope Julius III on 22 February 1550.  On 28 February 1550, he exchanged the Deaconry of Santa Maria in Domnica for that of Santa Maria in Via Lata.  He died on 13 April 1550, according to his tombstone, at the age of 59 and having been a cardinal for 37 years. He was buried in the Basilica of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, in the centre of the Choir, behind the High Altar, between the monuments of his uncle Leo X and his cousin Clement VII.

Notes

Further reading
Dowden, John, The Bishops of Scotland, ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)

16th-century Italian cardinals
1491 births
1550 deaths
Cardinal-nephews
Innocenzo Cybo
Archbishops of St Andrews
Roman Catholic archbishops of Genoa
House of Medici
Clergy from Florence
Scottish abbots
Camerlengos of the Holy Roman Church
16th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops
Bishops of Aléria