Brian Kelly is an American historian and a lecturer in US history, teaching at Queen's University Belfast in Northern Ireland. His work is concerned mainly with labor and race in the American South, although much of his most recent scholarship focuses on the formative struggles around slave emancipation during the American Civil War and the Reconstruction Era that followed.

Kelly came into academia after extended stints in the construction and shipbuilding industries in Boston, where he was involved in labor and anti-racist activism throughout the 1980s and 1990s. After brief periods working construction in Seattle and New York, he was awarded a Crown Fellowship to pursue postgraduate study in US History at Brandeis University. Awarded his doctorate at Brandeis in 1998 for a dissertation supervised by Jacqueline Jones, Kelly has published widely on race and class in the nineteenth and twentieth-century United States, including an award-winning study of working-class interracialism in the Birmingham district (Alabama) coal mines. Kelly's Race, Class, and Power in the Alabama Coalfields, 1908-1921 (University of Illinois Press, 2001, ) won five major book awards, including the HL Mitchell Award, the Frances Butler Simkins Prize from the Southern Historical Association and the Isaac and Tamara Deutscher Memorial Prize for the "best and most innovative work in Marxist historiography".

Kelly's Alabama study made three main historiographical contributions. It argued that the re-subordination of black labor that followed the defeat of Reconstruction was a key component of the New South modernization project: progress and reaction went hand-in-hand. Countering the trend in labor history toward the explanatory power of 'whiteness', the study aimed to show that the region's most powerful employers (and not white workers) were the main beneficiaries of Jim Crow, and that the most substantial challenge to racism in early twentieth-century Birmingham came not from liberal elites, but from an interracial working-class movement that held together in the face of energetic attempts to divide them. Finally, Kelly discovered in the Birmingham district an emerging black middle class, deeply influenced by Booker T. Washington's 'industrial accommodationism', that had hitched its influence to anti-union employers.

In a series of articles published after the Alabama study, Kelly attempted to follow up on this latter theme, charting the emergence of intra-racial tensions across the Jim Crow South, including in his "Sentinels for New South Industry," published in Time Longer than Rope (2003), in a chapter in Eric Arnesen's The Black Worker: Race and Labor Activism since Emancipation (2007) and in "No Easy Way Through: Race Leadership and Black Workers at the Nadir" (2010).

Between 2010 and 2015, Kelly directed an international collaborative research project, After Slavery: Race, Labor, and Politics in the Post-Emancipation Carolinas with project partners Bruce E. Baker (Newcastle) and Susan E. O'Donovan (Memphis).  In March 2010, the After Slavery Project hosted a Conference on Race, Labor, and Citizenship in the Post-Emancipation South at the College of Charleston, the largest-ever academic conference on the Reconstruction era, with more than 250 participants, including leading scholars Steven Hahn (who gave the keynote) and Eric Foner. Out of this came a co-edited volume, After Slavery: Race, Labor and Citizenship in the Reconstruction South, with essays by leading historians in the field, and appraised by Bruce Levine as "an unusually stimulating collection" and "a must-read for scholars working in the field" of Reconstruction.

He has held fellowships at the National Humanities Center (NC), the Institute for Southern Studies of the University of South Carolina and the W. E. B. Du Bois Institute at Harvard University. He is a faculty affiliate of the Lowcountry and Atlantic World Program (CLAW) at the College of Charleston in South Carolina, and has been involved in teaching exchanges in Brazil and South Africa.

In recent years Kelly's work in US history has straddled three main areas: labor and abolition; black working-class political mobilization during and immediately after the Civil War; and marxist historiography and the history of the American Left. He is particularly interested in the intellectual legacy of WEB Du Bois's magisterial Black Reconstruction in America and, in an extended article on "Slave Self-Activity and the Bourgeois Revolution in the United States" [Historical Materialism, 2018] published "the first systematic reappraisal of the scale and dynamics of [Du Bois's notion of the] slaves’ general strike". His current project is an extended monograph on African American labor and political mobilization in black-majority Reconstruction South Carolina, under contract with Verso.

Kelly is active in the local branch of the University and College Union, in local anti-racist and anti-sectarian organizing, and in socialist politics in Belfast, where he is a supporter of People Before Profit, and maintains an interest in contemporary Irish and US politics. He has published on racial tensions between famine-era Irish immigrants and African Americans, wrote the foreword to Seán Mitchell's study of the 1932 Outdoor Relief Riots, Struggle or Starve: Working-Class Unity in Belfast 1932 Outdoor Relief Riots, and is the author of an article on the political economy of post conflict Northern Ireland, "Neoliberal Belfast". He has published a number of articles on the controversy about Irish involvement in the transatlantic slave trade, including a two-part series in Rebel, and a Platform piece on the subject in History Ireland.

Select publications

Books
Race, Class, and Power in the Alabama Coalfields, 1908-1921 (University of Illinois Press, 2001).
Labor, Free and Slave (University of Illinois Press, 2007)
After Slavery: Race, Labor and Citizenship in the Reconstruction South (Florida University Press, 2013)

Articles and Book Chapters
 'Ambiguous Loyalties: the Boston Irish, Slavery, and the American Civil War'. Historical Journal of Massachusetts 24:2 (Summer 1996): 165-204.
 'Policing the ‘Negro Eden’: Racial Paternalism in the Alabama Coalfields, 1908-1921'. Alabama Review 51:3-4 (July, October 1998): 163-183; 243-265. Milo B. Howard Award (best article for 1998-1999)
 'Labour, Race, and the Search for a Central Theme in the History of the Jim Crow South'. Irish Journal of American Studies 10 (Dec. 2002): 55-74.
 'Beyond the "Talented Tenth"': Black Workers, Black Elites, and the Limits of Accommodation in Industrial Birmingham, 1900–1920'. In Adam Green and Charles Payne (eds), Time Longer than Rope: A Century of African-American Activism, 1850–1950 (New York, 2003).
'Materialism and the Persistence of Race in the Jim Crow South' [Deutscher Memorial Prize Lecture] in Historical Materialism 12 (2004).
'Black workers, the Republican Party, and the crisis of Reconstruction in lowcountry South Carolina'. International Review of Social History 51:3 (2006).
'Industrial Sentinels Confront the "Rabid Faction"': Booker T. Washington, Industrial Accommodation, and the Labor Question in the Jim Crow South'. In Eric Arnesen (ed.), The Black Worker: Race and Labor Activism since Emancipation (Illinois, 2006).
"Mapping Alternate Routes to Antislavery" – Contribution to ‘Up for Debate' in Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas 5:4 (Winter 2008): 69-73.
 ‘Emancipations and Reversals: Labor, Race, and the Boundaries of American Freedom in the Age of Capital'. International Labor and Working Class History (Nov. 2008).
 'Labor and Place: The Contours of Freedpeoples' Mobilization in Reconstruction South Carolina'.  Journal of Peasant Studies: Special Issue on ‘Rethinking Agrarian History' (Nov. 2008).
 ‘Martin Luther King, the Memphis Sanitation Strike, and the Unfinished Business of the American Civil Rights Movement'.  International Socialism Journal 118 (Spring 2008).
 'Emancipations and Reversals: Labor, Race and the Boundaries of American Freedom in the Age of Capital'. International Labor and Working Class History 75: 1 (Spring 2009): 1-15.
 'No Easy Way Through: Black Workers and Race Leadership at the Nadir'.  Labor: Studies in the Working-Class History of the Americas 7:3 (Nov. 2010): 79-93. [see also related correspondence in Nov. 2012 issue]
 'The After Slavery Website: A New Online Resource for Teaching US Slave Emancipation'.  Journal of the Civil War Era 1:4 (Nov. 2011): 581-594. [co-authored with John W. White]
 'A Slaveholders’ Republic in the Tumult of War'. Review Essay on The Long Shadow of the Civil War: Southern Dissent and Its Legacies, by Victorian E. Bynum, and Confederate Reckoning: Power and Politics in the Civil War South, by Stephanie McCurry.  Reviews in American History  40:4 (December 2012).
 'Class, Factionalism, and the Radical Retreat: Black Laborers and the Republican Party in South Carolina, 1865-1900'. in Baker and Kelly, eds. After Slavery: Race, Labor and Citizenship in the Reconstruction South (2013): 199-220. * 'Du Bois’s Prolific "Error" and the Challenge to Color-Blind Orthodoxy'. Contribution to ‘Up for Debate’ in Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas (Dec. 2015): 11-15.
 'Jubilee and the Limits of African American Freedom after Emancipation'.  Race and Class  57:3 (January 2016): 59-70.
 'W. E. B. Du Bois, Black Agency and the Slave’s Civil War'. in International Socialist Review 100 (Spring 2016): 48-68.
 'Difficult Labor: Troublesome Company at the New Birth of Freedom,” Contribution to Roundtable on Mark Lause’s Free Labor: The Civil War and the Making of an American Working Class. in Working USA: The Journal of Labor and Society (2017).
 'Gathering Antipathy: Irish Immigrants and Race in America's Age of Emancipation'. in J. Devin Trew and Michael Pierse, ed. Rethinking the Irish Diaspora (2018): 157-185.
 'Slave Self-Activity and the Bourgeois Revolution in the United States: Jubilee and the Boundaries of Black Freedom'. in Historical Materialism 27 (2019).
 “A ‘Carnival of Reaction’: Partition and the defeat of Ireland’s revolutionary wave,” in Northern Ireland at 100 Partition and Its Consequences (Cork University Press, forthcoming 2022) [with Fearghal Mac Bhloscaidh]

References

External links
Academic homepage (archived)
Brian Kelly: Publications

Living people
Academics of Queen's University Belfast
Brandeis University alumni
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Historians of the Reconstruction Era
Labor historians
Harvard Fellows
University of South Carolina faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
American male non-fiction writers
Deutscher Memorial Prize winners
Place of birth missing (living people)


Hywel Coetmor was a Welsh knight who took part in Owain Glyndŵr's rebellion. His brother was Rhys Gethin, who was one of Glyndŵr's leading generals. He had earlier fought under the Black Prince at the Battle of Poitiers (1356).

He married Gwenllian, a daughter of Rhys ap Robert (d. 1377), a prominent nobleman who had supported Owain Lawgoch. An effigy of him can be seen in St Grwst's Church at Llanrwst.

References

R. R. Davies, The Revolt of Owain Glyndŵr (Rhydychen, 1995)
J. Gwynfor Jones (ed.), The History of the Gwydir Family and Memoirs (The Welsh Classics, 1990)

Welsh rebels
14th-century Welsh military personnel
14th-century soldiers
Welsh knights


Operated Equipment Rental is the term used for the rental of large or complex machinery where the rental company supplies an operator or driver to operate the machinery. This is also sometimes referred to as Wet Rental (particularly in Australia), and Operated Plant (in the UK). In India, the Middle East and Asia a large percentage of all heavy equipment and cranes are supplied with operator reflecting the comparative youth of training programs for specialized operators in construction companies in those countries.

Differences from other forms of rental
 In this specialized market the rental charges to the customer are not purely based on the rental of the machine, but on the combined value of the machine and timesheets entered by the operator whilst working for the renter.
 Additional charges are generally included within the contract for elements such as travel time, lunch breaks, overtime and additional installation or ground services such as Slingers, Riggers and other specialized jobs.
 Many larger rental companies also provide training services for customer's own employees to be trained to comparable standards with the rental operators so that equipment can be supplied without operators (also known as Dry Rental).
 In the UK Crane Rental industry in the UK, which is one of the most highly developed crane rental industries in the world, special regulations for health and safety and rental procedures are in place. These are maintained as the CPA regulations.
In Europe, European Rental Association is the trade body representing the equipment rental industry.

References

Construction equipment rental companies


Estadio La Arboleda is a multi-use stadium in the Santísima Trinidad neighborhood of Asunción, Paraguay.  It is the home ground of the Club Rubio Ñú of the División Intermedia, the second tier professional football league in Paraguay. The stadium holds 8,000 spectators and opened in 1970.

External links
information

Multi-purpose stadiums in Paraguay
Football venues in Asunción
Sports venues in Asunción
Estadio La Arboleda


The 1993 NCAA Division I women's volleyball tournament began with 48 teams and ended on December 18, 1993, when Long Beach State defeated Penn State 3 games to 1 in the NCAA championship match.

Long Beach State won the program's second NCAA title. Led by Nichelle Burton's 28 kills and AVCA National Player of the Year Danielle Scott's 21 kills, the 49ers defeated Penn State 15–13, 12–15, 15–11, 16–14.

The NCAA's expansion of 32 tournament teams to 48 tournament teams began in 1993.

Records

Brackets

West regional

Mideast regional

Northwest regional

South regional

Final Four - UW Field House, Madison, Wisconsin

See also
NCAA Women's Volleyball Championship

References

NCAA women's volleyball tournament
NCAA
Volleyball in Wisconsin
December 1993 sports events in the United States
1993 in sports in Wisconsin
Sports competitions in Wisconsin
Women's sports in Wisconsin


Ezgi Asaroğlu (born 18 June 1987) is a Turkish film and television actress.

Life and career
She first appeared on cable TV in the TV series Bir Dilim Aşk, which marked her screen debut at age 17. During the years, she had roles in the top-rated TV series and the popularity of the series made Ezgi Asaroglu well known to audiences in Turkey. In 2005, she appeared in the short movie What's Love Doing in the Mountains? which won awards at film festivals around the world.

Ezgi's film career started with her role in the 2008 award-winning independent film, For a Moment, Freedom (aka Ein Augenblick Freiheit), a biting, tragicomic refugee drama which has won 30 international awards. Since then, she has taken on starring roles. In 2009, she starred in Kampüste Çıplak Ayaklar (aka Barefoot on Campus). Her performance received critical acclaim, and other successful films followed, including Acı Aşk, En Mutlu Olduğum Yer, Aşk Kırmızı, Cennetten Kovulmak (which earned her "Best Actress Award" from Dublin Silk Road Film Festival), Sağ Salim 2: Sil Baştan.

After comedy series Leyla ile Mecnun and Yağmurdan Kaçarken, she began starring in a drama series O Hayat Benim. The series continued for four seasons, one hundred thirty-one episodes and also broadcast in several countries with a huge success which gained international recognition to Asaroglu. The fact that she chooses different roles each time makes her resume interesting. Just as in her bipolar character in Mucize Doktor which was more challenging role than the others for sure. And once again she put on a memorable performance.

Filmography

TV series

Films

In other media

References

External links
 Ezgi Asaroğlu Official Website

Living people
Actresses from Istanbul
Actresses from İzmir
Turkish film actresses
Turkish television actresses
1987 births
Turkish child actresses


Urotrygonidae is a family of rays in the order Myliobatiformes, commonly referred to as the American round stingrays or round rays.  They are native to the tropical and warm temperate marine waters of the Americas.  The two genera in this family were formerly placed within the family Urolophidae, whose species are now restricted to the Indo-Pacific.  They have a round pectoral fin disk, a slender tail with a caudal fin, no dorsal fins, and a venomous tail spine.

References

Myliobatiformes
Ray families


Silver Spirit is a luxury cruise ship operated by Silversea Cruises. The sixth ship of the Silversea fleet, she entered service in 2009.

Description
Silver Spirit is fitted with 270 ocean-view suites, the  suites of the fleet. She also features six different restaurants, an  spa, and a supper club with live music, dancing and night-club style entertainment.

On 23 December 2009, Silver Spirit departed on her maiden voyage from Barcelona, Spain to Lisbon, Portugal. Following this sailing, she undertook her maiden transatlantic voyage from Lisbon to Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.
On 21 January 2010, Silver Spirit embarked on her inaugural transoceanic voyage, a 91-day voyage around America. Red Sea Cruises is chartering the ship for summer 2020.

Dry dock
In spring 2018, Silver Spirit underwent significant renovation. In a two-month refurbishment the ship was cut in half and an additional section was added. She grew from 195.8 to 210.7 meters long. Her tonnage increased from 36,009 to 39,519 GT, and capacity - from 540 to 608 passengers.

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Silversea Cruises – official site
Silversea: Silver Cloud – Silversea official site page about the ship

2009 ships
Ships built by Fincantieri
Ships built in Ancona


Benjamin Matthew "Ben" Wright (born 20 August 1988) is an English footballer who plays as a striker for Tadley Calleva.

Career
Wright was born in Basingstoke, Hampshire. After scoring prolifically for Hampton & Richmond Borough in 2008, Wright attracted attention from bigger clubs, including Fulham, where he passed a medical and looked set to sign. However, Roy Hodgson backed out of the £50,000 transfer at the last minute, and he instead joined League One team Peterborough United on 29 January 2009 on a three-and-a-half-year contract for an undisclosed fee. He made his League debut in a 2–1 defeat to Southend United after coming on as a substitute in the 86th minute on 28 February. He joined Conference Premier team Kettering Town on loan until the end of April in March and he made his debut after starting in a 2–0 victory over Weymouth. He scored his first two goals for Kettering in a 2–1 victory over Ebbsfleet United.

On 29 September 2009, Wright signed on a one-month loan for Conference side Luton Town. On 27 November Wright signed a two-month loan deal with Grimsby Town, but after only featuring in two games inside his first month, and spending the rest as an unused substitute, manager Neil Woods allowed him to return to Peterborough a month early. On 11 March 2010, Wright agreed to join Barnet on an emergency loan deal until 20 April after injuries depleted their forward line.

Wright was transfer listed at the end of the 2010–11 season, before joining Hayes & Yeading United on loan in August 2010, scoring two goals on his debut against Bath City. Later that same month he joined Crawley Town on a two-year contract for an undisclosed fee. On 3 November 2010, Wright was sent out on loan to fellow Conference side Newport County. In January 2011 he rejoined Hayes & Yeading United on loan until the end of the season.

Wright left Crawley Town by mutual consent in June 2011 and subsequently joined Braintree Town. He spent a season with Braintree, finishing as top goal scorer notching 18 goals in all competitions but left the club at the end of the season.

Wright then joined fellow Conference Premier side Forest Green Rovers on 11 May 2012. He made his debut for Forest Green on the opening day of the 2012–13 season against Cambridge United as a substitute. He scored his first goal for Forest Green on 1 September 2012 in a 3–1 win against Hyde at The New Lawn. After a lengthy injury lay off, Wright returned on loan to former club Braintree Town on 28 March 2013. On the same day Wright made his second debut for the club, earning an assist for Braintree's first goal in a 2–1 win against Alfreton Town.

On 23 July 2013, Wright and Forest Green came to a mutual agreement to terminate his contract a year early so he could go in search for more first team football. He signed for Salisbury City the next day, on a 2-year contract. The pre-season period ahead of the 2013–14 season saw him feature regularly for Salisbury in their fixtures. He impressed by scoring 4 goals against a developmental Bournemouth squad, and one against Eastleigh. He was also recognised for his impressive delivery of the ball from set pieces. He re-joined Basingstoke Town on a month's loan in December 2013, making his second début in the abandoned match at Gosport Borough on 28 December 2013. On 4 December 2014 he joined Havant & Waterlooville from Eastleigh for an undisclosed fee, after being contracted to Eastleigh since the summer.

On 30 June 2015 he left the Hawks for Maidenhead United by mutual consent, to become their ninth summer signing, linking up with manager Alan Devonshire for the third time in his career.

In June 2016 he completed a move to National League South rivals Gosport Borough on a two-year deal. He returned to his hometown club Basingstoke Town ahead of the 2017–18 season.

In March 2018, Wright returned to Gosport Borough on loan from Basingstoke Town, registering his first goal in a 2–5 defeat to Redditch United on 17 March.

In August 2020, Wright joined Hartley Wintney.

In July 2022, Wright remained with Combined Counties Football League side Tadley Calleva having finished as their top scorer the previous season.

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Basingstoke
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Basingstoke Town F.C. players
Winchester City F.C. players
Andover F.C. players
Carshalton Athletic F.C. players
Fleet Town F.C. players
Hampton & Richmond Borough F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C. players
Kettering Town F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Barnet F.C. players
Hayes & Yeading United F.C. players
Crawley Town F.C. players
Newport County A.F.C. players
Forest Green Rovers F.C. players
Braintree Town F.C. players
Salisbury City F.C. players
Eastleigh F.C. players
Havant & Waterlooville F.C. players
Maidenhead United F.C. players
Gosport Borough F.C. players
Hartley Wintney F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Southern Football League players
Footballers from Hampshire
Combined Counties Football League players
Wessex Football League players


City of Refuge is an album by American fingerstyle guitarist and composer John Fahey, released in 1997. It was his first original release in over five years and helped start his career resurgence.

History
Most of Fahey's catalog had been out-of-print before renewed interest in him began with the release of the Return of the Repressed compilation project for Rhino Records and an article by Byron Coley called "The Persecutions and Resurrections of Blind Joe Death". At the time, Fahey was divorced from his second wife and was living in homeless shelters or cheap hotels.

City of Refuge was Fahey's first release in over five years and helped start his career resurgence although it bears minimal resemblance to his earlier work. It incorporates sound collages overlaying guitar work with various sound effects, including portions of "Pause", from Stereolab's 1993 album Transient Random-Noise Bursts with Announcements. He followed its release that same year with a collaboration album with Cul de Sac, an EP, and another full-length CD.

Fahey states in the liner notes: "For many years I was listed in the Schwann Catalog under popular. That is a much more accurate category than folk or new age. But, the most accurate category is Alternative."

Reception

City of Refuge received mixed reviews upon its release, most commenting on Fahey's unpredictability and innovation. Music critic Robert Christgau stated, "He doesn't want to be folk or New Age, and who can blame him?... Once in a while tunes poke through the refuse..." and referred to it as "...Fahey's ticket to wankdom."

Critic David Browne commented on Fahey's unpredictability and eccentricity and that "...Fahey's idiosyncratic style can lead to dark, glistening pieces like the title track—but also, alas, to indulgences like a 20-minute sound collage of static. Call it bizarro Windham Hill."

Rolling Stone said "...like a sleeper awakening, Fahey has ambled back into the room, still a bit unsteady from slumber." and Allmusic stated "Although guaranteed to irritate Fahey fans who only think of him as a "pretty" folk guitarist, City of Refuge is a mature and deep (if misanthropic) work, and one that deserves to be heard." CMJ New Music critic Douglas Wolk referred to the album as "...a bold, brash return to the acoustic guitar work of which he's been a master for almost 40 years, and a confident expansion of his talents."

PopMatters called the album "barely listenable", but probably the harshest review came from Gary Kamiya at Salon.com. "[It] may not be the most unpleasant album ever recorded, but it comes close. At several points during this interminable, self-indulgent aural experiment, I became convinced that Fahey's purpose was to recreate the exact sensation of a bad LSD trip or an evil hangover on a metaphysical scale. If that is true, he succeeded admirably: This album should come with a free packet of Thorazine. There are one or two tracks on City of Refuge where something like guitar playing can be heard... At its best, [it] achieves a nightmarish soundtrack quality... If you like nightmares, this album is for you."

In his article on Fahey's career resurgence in No Depression, Matt Hanks called City of Refuge "an album so good that in one fell swoop it erases many of the transgressions of former colleagues Kottke, Winston, and a host of other players who claim Fahey as a formative influence."

Track listing
All songs by John Fahey.
 "Fanfare" – 5:17
 "The Mill Pond" – 3:50
 "Chelsey Silver, Please Come Home" – 4:30
 "City of Refuge I" – 20:28
 "City of Refuge III" – 6:25
 "Hope Slumbers Eternal" – 5:03
 "On the Death and Disembowelment of the New Age" – 19:26

Personnel
John Fahey – guitar, sampling, tapes
Production notes
John Pearse – string arrangements
Mike Lastra – engineer
Jeff Allman – engineer
Scott Colburn – editing, mastering
Marc Trunz – photography

References

External links
New York Times. Ben Ratliff. 1997. A 60's Original With a New Life on the Fringe
Of Rivers and Revision: John Fahey and Cul de Sac

1997 albums
John Fahey (musician) albums


Deacon Jones (1938–2013) was an American football player.

Deacon Jones may also refer to:
Deacon Jones (infielder) (1934–2023), American baseball infielder
Deacon Jones (pitcher) (1892–1952), American baseball pitcher
Deacon Jones (athlete) (1934–2007), American Olympic steeplechase runner
Melvyn "Deacon" Jones also known as Deacon Jones (1943–2017), American blues organist


Parvati Puthannar (Malayalam: പാർവതി പുത്തനാർ) is a manufactured canal that runs through the west coast of the Thiruvananthapuram district. It was named after Rani  Parvathi Bai, who was the reigning queen of Travancore during the time it was created. "Puthannar" in Malayalam means "the new river". It was created primarily for connecting the Travancore capital to Kadinamkulam, the Vamanapuram River and finally to Kochi. This canal also has access to the king's boat landing place, Vallakadavu, where the king's boathouse is located.

It starts from the Kadinamkulam Lake in the north and flows south-east, parallel to the Trivandrum coast. It finally ends in a small delta near Poonthura and empties into the Arabian Sea. The delta formed by Parvathi Puthannar is known as Poonthura Pozhi. At first, its water was very clear and fresher than any river or other man-made canal in India. At that time Travancore was the only hygienic, clean city in India. However, Parvathi Puthannar is now polluted and most portions are not navigable, due to pollution and weeds.

Parvathi Puthannar is part of the West Coast Canal which forms Waterway 3 (NW-III).

References

Canals in India
Buildings and structures in Thiruvananthapuram district


Alexander Barkley (May 4, 1817 Argyle, Washington County, New York - January 2, 1893 Argyle, Washington County, NY) was an American politician from New York.

Life
He was the son of James Barkley (1789–1843) and Margaret (MacDougall) Barkley (1795–1857).

In 1861, he was appointed Superintendent of Canal Repairs for Sections 1 and 2 of the Champlain Canal. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Washington Co., 1st D.) in 1865 and 1866.

At the New York state election, 1868, he ran for Canal Commissioner on the Republican ticket but was defeated by Democrat Oliver Bascom. At the New York state election, 1870, he ran again but was again defeated, this time by the incumbent Democrat George W. Chapman. At the New York state election, 1871, he ran again and was elected, being in office from 1872 to 1874. At the New York state election, 1874, he was defeated for re-election by Democrat Adin Thayer. During the investigation of the Canal Ring, Barkley was indicted by a grand jury in Buffalo, New York for conspiracy.

He was buried at the Prospect Hill Cemetery in Argyle, NY.

Sources
 Barkley genealogy at RootsWeb
Annual Report of the Canal Commissioners (1862) [gives name as "Barckley"]
THE STATE TICKET in NYT on July 11, 1868
THE NOVEMBER ELECTION in NYT on October 30, 1870
THE CANAL FRAUDS in NYT on October 3, 1875
[https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/135376694/alexander-barkley

1817 births
1893 deaths
People from Argyle, New York
Erie Canal Commissioners
New York (state) Republicans


David Alan Viniar was the CFO and executive vice president at Goldman Sachs from 1999 until January 31, 2013.  He is currently on the board of directors of Goldman Sachs.

Biography
A 1972 alumnus of The Bronx High School of Science, Viniar spent summers at Kozan's Bungalow Colony in Ellenville, New York, and graduated from Union College, New York, in 1976, where he majored in economics. He then attended Harvard Business School, earning an MBA in 1980.

After receiving the MBA, Viniar joined Goldman Sachs where he has remained since. He became a partner in 1992, a managing director in 1996 and executive vice president and chief financial officer in 1999. He has been the head of Operations, Technology, Finance and Services Division since December 2002.

Viniar headed the Finance Division and co-head of credit risk management and advisory and firmwide risk from December 2001 to December 2002. He co-headed operations, finance and resources from March 1999 to December 2001. He was CFO of the Goldman Sachs Group, L.P. from March 1999 to May 1999. From July 1998 until March 1999, he was deputy chief financial officer, and from 1994 until July 1998 he was head of finance, with responsibility for controllers and treasury. From 1992 to 1994, he was head of treasury and prior to that was in the Structured Finance Department of investment banking.

In September 2012 Viniar announced that he would be retiring from Goldman Sachs in January 2013. On January 31, 2013, he retired from his positions as CFO and executive vice president and took on the role of director at Goldman Sachs.

On October 30, 2013, Viniar became a director on the board of Square, Inc., the mobile payments firm run by Jack Dorsey.

"25 standard deviations" quote
On 13 August 2007, The Financial Times reported Viniar's explanation of why two large hedge funds managed by Goldman Sachs had both lost over a quarter of their value in a week, requiring the injection of $3 billion to support them. Viniar ascribed the events to a series of exceptional events: "We were seeing things that were 25 standard deviation moves, several days in a row". This has since been used to illustrate the problems of inappropriate mathematical models in finance, especially those based on the assumption of Normality. Kay & King (2020, p. 68) refer to the 'Viniar problem': 'He confused a probability as calculated within a model with a probability in the world of which the model claimed to be a representation. To make a statement about probability in a real world it is necessary to compound the probability derived from the model itself with the probability that the model itself is true. And there is no means of knowing whether the model is true."

Senate testimony
Viniar testified in front of the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations on Tuesday, April 27, 2010 regarding the role of investment banks in the financial crisis that began in 2007 and, specifically, the role of Goldman Sachs in that crisis.

Affiliations
Viniar served on the board of trustees of Union College and is a member of the board of trustees of both Children's Aid and Family Services and the Financial Accounting Foundation.

Family
Viniar is married and has four children.

References

1955 births
The Bronx High School of Science alumni
Jewish American bankers
Directors of Goldman Sachs
Living people
Harvard Business School alumni
Union College (New York) alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
Date of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American Jews


Marcelo Zaturansky Nogueira Itagiba (born 20 March 1956) is a Brazilian politician.

Itagiba was the Brazilian Federal Police superintendent, secretary of public security of the Rio de Janeiro State during Rosinha Matheus' government in that State. In 2006, he was elected as a Federal Deputy, representing the State of Rio de Janeiro at the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil.

References

1956 births
Living people
Jewish Brazilian politicians
Brazilian Social Democracy Party politicians
Brazilian Democratic Movement politicians
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) from Rio de Janeiro (state)


Dwight Johnson may refer to:
Dwight Johnson (politician) (1898–1972), politician in Manitoba, Canada
Dwight H. Johnson (1947–1971), United States Army soldier and Medal of Honor recipient
Dwight Johnson (American football) (born 1970), American football player


Richard E. "Ricky" Atkinson Jr. (born August 28, 1965) is a former professional American football player who played defensive back in 1987 for the New England Patriots in the National Football League.

Atkinson played college football at Southern Connecticut State from 1983 to 1986 as a cornerback, where he was a four-year starter and a member of the Division II All-New England and All-ECAC Division II teams. He was named a co-captain in 1985. During his senior year, he set a school record for career interceptions and was named the New England Division II defensive player of the year and to the Kodak Coaches College Division All-American football team. Atkinson also was named a 1986-87 New England Athlete of the Year.

He signed with the New England Patriots in May 1987, before he was waived in late August. Atkinson was a member of the Cincinnati Bengals and Phoenix Cardinals rosters during the 1987 National Football League Players Association strike, but was released before appearing in a game. He then re-signed with the Patriots in October 1987. Atkinson appeared in one game before being placed on waivers in late October.

In May 1988, he signed with the Indianapolis Colts, but was released in July before the upcoming season began.

References

External links
Pro-Football-Reference

1965 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Middletown, Connecticut
Players of American football from Connecticut
American football defensive backs
Southern Connecticut State Owls football players
New England Patriots players


Grover William "Deacon" Jones (April 18, 1934 – May 7, 2023) was an American professional baseball player, coach, manager and scout. He appeared in 40 Major League games as a first baseman and pinch hitter for the Chicago White Sox (1962–63; 1966).

Life and career
Jones attended Ithaca College.

In his 11-year minor-league career (1955–56; 1959–67; 1969), Jones  with 154 home runs and a slugging percentage . His big-league experience consisted of 60 plate appearances and he  (14 hits in 49 at bats) with one home run (hit off Jim Hannan of the Washington Senators on September 28, 1963) and 10 runs batted in. A great natural hitter, Jones still holds the Midwest League record for the highest single-season batting average when he  for the Dubuque Packers in 1956. He also had 135 hits, smashed 26 homers and had  slugging percentage in only 330 at bats.

After retiring as a player, Jones served as a scout and minor-league coach and manager in the White Sox organization through 1973. Jones was a coach for the Houston Astros from 1976–82, and with the San Diego Padres from 1984–87. Jones joined the Baltimore Orioles as a minor-league hitting coach and liaison with minority communities.

In later years, Jones served as the special assistant to the president for the Sugar Land Skeeters, a member of the independent Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He remained as a special advisor when the Skeeters became the Sugar Land Space Cowboys, the Triple-A affiliate of the Houston Astros.

Jones died on May 7, 2023, at the age of 89.

References

External links
, or SABR Biography Project

1934 births
2023 deaths
African-American baseball coaches
African-American baseball players
Appleton Foxes players
Baltimore Orioles scouts
Chicago White Sox players
Chicago White Sox scouts
Dubuque Packers players
Fox Cities Foxes players
Houston Astros coaches
Indianapolis Indians players
Lincoln Chiefs players
Lynchburg White Sox players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball hitting coaches
Minor league baseball coaches
Sportspeople from White Plains, New York
Baseball players from Westchester County, New York
Rapiños de Occidente players
San Diego Padres coaches
San Diego Padres (minor league) players
Sarasota Sun Sox players
Waterloo White Hawks players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
Florida Instructional League White Sox players
Charleston White Sox players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Minor league baseball managers
White Plains High School alumni


Carroll Elmer "Deacon" Jones (December 20, 1892, in Arcadia, Kansas – December 28, 1952, in Pittsburg, Kansas), was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from  to . He played for the Detroit Tigers.

External links

1892 births
1952 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Detroit Tigers players
Baseball players from Kansas
Topeka Jayhawks players
Clinton Pilots players
Portland Beavers players
Sacramento Senators players
People from Crawford County, Kansas


Midway is an unincorporated community in Washington County, Virginia. It lies at an elevation of 2034 feet (620 m).

References

Unincorporated communities in Washington County, Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Virginia


Southern Progress Corporation, based in Birmingham, Alabama, is a publisher of lifestyle magazines and books owned by IAC's Dotdash Meredith.

The company publishes such magazines as Southern Living, Cooking Light, Health and Coastal Living.

History

The origins of Southern Progress trace to 1886, with the Progressive Farmer, a weekly newsletter, founded by Civil War veteran Leonidas LaFayette Polk in North Carolina in 1886. The newsletter was intended to bring the latest information on crop and livestock production to the newly united nation's agrarian economy in the Southeast. After Polk died suddenly in 1892, Clarence H. Poe from Raleigh, NC took over as editor (in 1899), and in 1903, he and 3 partners purchased the publication, taking it from a newspaper to a magazine with 36,000 subscribers. Together they
organized the Agricultural Publishing Company, the name of which was later changed to the Progressive Farmer Company. One of the most notable achievements of the Progressive Farmer magazine was its continual crusade and endorsement during the early twentieth century of the land grant college subsidies provided to Agricultural and Mechanical colleges across the United States.

The magazine broadened its reach beyond the Southeast by merging its Raleigh, North Carolina operation with the Southern Farm Gazette newspaper published in Starkville, Mississippi. This was a major innovation in publishing at the time. Merging these two farm publications established the first publication in history to publish regional editorial specific to its circulation areas. This merger of the Progressive Farmer and the Southern Farm Gazette resulted in the need to have a production and printing facility that would be a one-day train trip to both of the editorial offices in Starkville, Mississippi and Raleigh, North Carolina for receiving the typewritten feature stories for publication. It was decided in 1911 to establish a central office in Birmingham, Alabama, while Clarence Poe and his partners remained in Raleigh, NC and directed company operations from there.

The Progressive Farmer Company continued to publish across the Southeastern and Mid-south regions soon expanding successfully into Texas and the Southwest. Serving farm information needs, publishing through two world wars, crusading for important rural farm issues such as rural electrification, soil conservation, rural education and modern agricultural technology, the magazine soared to a circulation high of 1.3 million by the 1960s.

In 1966, the management, led by Emory Cunningham and the editors of Progressive Farmer launched Southern Living magazine fashioned after the lifestyle and home life section in the Progressive Farmer. The Progressive Farmer had extended its appeal among suburban housewives, and that segment of its circulation received the new magazine, Southern Living to establish its distribution and advertising rate base. From the pages of Progressive Farmer rose the largest and most successful regional publication in history. Consequently, Progressive Farmer was able to editorially focus more completely on production agriculture and concentrate circulation efforts to the rural farm household. The launch of Southern Living was an outstanding strategic move for the Progressive Farmer Company.

In 1980, the Progressive Farmer Company changed its name to Southern Progress Corporation in an effort to reflect its wider focus. By this time, Southern Living had a subscription rate of two million and was among the top 15 U.S. magazines in monthly advertising revenue

In the late 1980s until the early 1990s, Southern Progress began looking for a new corporate headquarters in the Birmingham area. They decided on a property located down the road from their then current headquarters. The new facility is next to Samford University and in front of the HealthSouth Lakeshore Rehabilitation Hospital. Southern Progress had an over 400,000 sf corporate campus at Lakeshore. The campus has been named one of the most beautiful corporate campuses in the world. The campus also served as an office for Time parent company, Time Inc. In 2014, the campus was sold to Samford University and incorporated into its adjoining campus. One of the three buildings continues to be leased to Southern Progress for its operations.

In 1985, Southern Progress Corporation was purchased by Time Inc. for $498 million, the most ever paid for a publishing company at the time.  Its publications now operate as a unit of Time Inc.'s Lifestyle Group.

In 2006, the company sold its Progressive Farmer magazine to DTN, now (Telvent DTN).

During the financial crisis in 2008, the magazines Cottage Living and Southern Accents were shut.

At the end of 2012, its magazines had a combined readership of about 8 million. The company employed more than 700 people at headquarters in Birmingham, Alabama at the time.

Publications

Current Magazines
 Southern Living
 Cooking Light
 Coastal Living
 Health

Former Magazines
 Progressive Farmer
 Leisure Arts
 Southern Accents
 Cottage Living
 Sunset (sold to Regent, L.P.)
Southern Living atHome

Other publications
 Oxmoor House
Sunset Books

See also
List of United States magazines
List of magazines by circulation

References

Mass media companies of the United States
Meredith Corporation
Companies based in Birmingham, Alabama
Mass media in Birmingham, Alabama
Book publishing companies of the United States
Magazine publishing companies of the United States
Publishing companies established in 1886
Former WarnerMedia subsidiaries
1985 mergers and acquisitions
IAC (company)


The province of East Nusa Tenggara (Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur) in Indonesia is divided into twenty-one regencies () plus the independent city () of Kupang. These in turn are divided administratively into districts, known as Kecamantan.

The districts of East Nusa Tenggara, with the regency each falls into, are as follows:

Villages
Administrative villages (desa) listed for each district:

References

East Nusa Tenggara


Midway is an unincorporated community in Giles County, Virginia. It lies at an elevation of 1,719 feet (524 m).

References

Unincorporated communities in Giles County, Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Virginia


Midway is an unincorporated community in Albemarle County, Virginia. It lies at an elevation of 705 feet (215 m).

References

Unincorporated communities in Albemarle County, Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Virginia


Michael Richard Long (born 27 August 1968) is a New Zealand professional golfer who has played on a number of tours, including two seasons on the PGA Tour and three seasons on the European Tour. He won four times on the PGA Tour of Australasia between 1996 and 2018 and twice on the Nationwide Tour. He won the 2020 European Senior Tour Q-School.

Early life and amateur career
Long was born in Cromwell, New Zealand. He took up golf when he lived at Waitangi where his father worked, later attending Waikato University. He had considerable success as an amateur, winning the New Zealand under-18 title in 1985, the under-21 title in 1988, the under-23 title in 1989 and the New Zealand Amateur in 1990. He was in the four-man New Zealand team in the 1990 Eisenhower Trophy, played in Christchurch. The team finished joint runners-up behind Sweden. Individually Long had the joint third best score, behind two Swedes.

Professional career
Long turned professional after the Eisenhower Trophy and joined the PGA Tour of Australasia. Despite having limited success on his home tour he travelled to the United States to play in the PGA Tour Q-school at the end of 1995, earning a place on the second-tier 1996 Nike Tour. He played in 9 tournaments between March and August. His best finish was to be tied for fourth place in his last event, the Nike Permian Basin Open, despite a first round 74. Following his period in America Long had much more success in the 1996/1997 Australasian Tour season, results that lifted him from outside the top 800 into the top 100 of the Official World Golf Rankings. During this season he won the 1996 New Zealand Open, his major success as a professional. In January 1997 he was a runner-up in the Johnnie Walker Classic, an event co-sponsored by the European Tour, winning A$121,000. Ernie Els won the event, a stroke ahead of Long and Peter Lonard. Long incurred a one-stroke penalty, penalising himself, when his ball moved after he addressed the ball on the 15th green of the final round. He was also third in the Greg Norman Holden International, the Schweppes Coolum Classic and the Ford South Australian Open, and had three other top-10 finishes.

Long's runner-up finish in the Johnnie Walker Classic gave him playing opportunities on the European Tour and he played on the tour from 1997 to 1999. He was 43rd in the Order of Merit in 1997, 84th in 1998 and 131rd in 1999. Long played with Grant Waite in the 1997 World Cup of Golf, the pair finishing in a tie for 9th place. In February 1999 Long won the Greg Norman Holden International at The Lakes Golf Club. Bernhard Langer came to final hole needing par-3 for victory. However he took a triple-bogey 6, Long taking the A$180,000 first prize.

In late 1999 Long's career was interrupted after suffering a broken C5 bone in his neck in a boogie boarding accident. After making a recovery he turned his attentions to America and played on the second-tier Buy.com Tour, which became the Nationwide Tour in 2003. He had some success at this level, winning twice, at the 2001 Buy.com Boise Open and the 2003 VB Open, and losing in a playoff for the 2004 Lake Erie Charity Classic. He twice finished high enough in the money list to graduate to the PGA Tour. Playing two full seasons on the main tour, in 2002 and 2005, he was unable to keep his card on either occasion. Long played on the Buy.com/Nationwide Tour from 2000 to 2007 with the exception of his two seasons on the main PGA Tour.

By 2008 Long had lost his playing rights on the Nationwide Tour and returned to Australasia. He topped the 2008 Von Nida Tour money list and was tied for third in the 2009 Australian Open. From 2009 Long also played on the OneAsia tour. In 2011 he lost in a four-man playoff for the Nanshan China Masters and he had third-place finishes in the 2009 Midea China Classic and the 2012 Enjoy Jakarta Indonesia Open.

In early 2016, at the age of 47, Long won the Oates Victorian Open after a playoff against Matthew Millar. Millar had birdied the last three holes to force a playoff. At the first playoff hole Long hooked his second shot into long grass but managed to hit the ball to five feet and holed the putt to win the title with a birdie 4. In May 2018, Long won the TX Civil & Logistics WA PGA Championship at Kalgoorlie Golf Course, one stroke ahead of Brody Martin after a final round 64.

Since turning 50 Long has played on the Ladbrokes Legends Tour. In 2018 he won Lincoln Place NSW Senior Open and the Australian PGA Seniors Championship and won the Sheraton South Pacific Golf Classic in 2019. In January 2020 he won the European Senior Tour Q-School. The 2020 season was cancelled but his playing rights were rolled over to the 2021 season and he finally made his debut on the tour in June 2021. The following month he led his qualifying section for the 2021 Senior Open Championship with a 5-under-par 65, to get a place in the event, his first senior major.

Long was on the board of the PGA of Australia from 2014 to 2018.

Amateur wins
1985 New Zealand under 18s
1988 New Zealand under 21s
1989 New Zealand under 23s
1990 New Zealand Amateur

Professional wins (13)

PGA Tour of Australasia wins (4)

PGA Tour of Australasia playoff record (1–0)

Nationwide Tour wins (2)

Nationwide Tour playoff record (0–1)

Von Nida Tour wins (1)

Other wins (3)
1992 South West Open (Australia), New Caledonia Open
2007 Nedlands Masters

PGA of Australia Legends Tour wins (3)

Playoff record
OneAsia Tour playoff record (0–1)

Results in major championships

Note: Long only played in The Open Championship.
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied

Team appearances
Amateur
Nomura Cup (representing New Zealand): 1989
Eisenhower Trophy (representing New Zealand): 1990
Sloan Morpeth Trophy (representing New Zealand): 1990

Professional
Dunhill Cup (representing New Zealand): 1997, 1998, 1999
World Cup (representing New Zealand): 1997

See also
2001 Buy.com Tour graduates
2004 Nationwide Tour graduates

References

External links

New Zealand male golfers
PGA Tour of Australasia golfers
European Tour golfers
PGA Tour golfers
Korn Ferry Tour graduates
People from Cromwell, New Zealand
1968 births
Living people


Womblife is an album by American fingerstyle guitarist and composer John Fahey, released in 1997. It was one of three releases by Fahey that year.

History
Womblife continues John Fahey's career resurgence, again bearing minimal resemblance to his earliest work. It incorporates sound collages and experimental music.

Working with Jim O’Rourke, Fahey taped Womblife in the younger musician’s bedroom. O'Rourke has been long associated with the experimental and improv scene, frequently citing Fahey as an influence on his work. Echo, loops and samples along with guitar are used in musique concrète, a style Fahey used as far back as 1968's Requia. O'Rourke plays guitar on "Juana".

Reception

Womblife was one of three releases by John Fahey in 1997. All three (including the album City of Refuge and the EP The Mill Pond) were experimental and avant-garde and were unexpected by his long-time fan base.
Music critic Brian Olewnick of Allmusic highly recommended the release, started his review with "This is not your father's John Fahey.", calling it "...one of the more overtly experimental albums in the Fahey catalog and also one of the most fascinatingly beautiful." Steve Taylor of Hollow Ear said of it, "This is one of the most dangerous sounding acoustic guitar recordings you are likely to encounter" and "the sound of it is cold, dark and hellish.", "raw and unpleasantly intoxicating". Both critics cite "Juana" as a more conventional track.

Richard Gehr referred to it as "echoing", an ".. innovative electric album...". Stewart Voegtlin of Stylus Magazine called it "... a complex record that marries musique concrete to bottleneck blues. It doesn’t always work: one often strains to hear the guitar over the invasive din."

Reissues
All of Womblife was reissued on the Table of the Elements 2006 compilation release Sea Changes & Coelacanths: A Young Person's Guide to John Fahey.

Track listing
All songs by John Fahey.
 "Sharks" – 9:20
 "Planaria" – 9:54
 "Eels" – 6:13
 "Coelacanths" – 7:28
 "Juana" – 12:34

Personnel
John Fahey – guitar, tapes
Jim O'Rourke – guitar on "Juana"
Production notes:
Jim O'Rourke – producer
Jeff Hunt – artwork, design
Susan Archie – artwork
Bettina Herzner – photography

References

External links
Of Rivers and Revision: John Fahey and Cul de Sac

1997 albums
John Fahey (musician) albums
Albums produced by John Fahey (musician)


Banded dwarf cichlid (Apistogramma bitaeniata) is a species of benthopelagic freshwater fish from South America.
It is a popular dwarf cichlid among fishkeepers.

It is found in blackwater rivers of the Amazon Basin in Brazil and Peru.

References

 Apistogramma bitaeniata – FishBase
 Banded dwarf cichlid, Apistogramma bitaeniata – Practical Fishkeeping

Apistogramma
Taxa named by Jacques Pellegrin
Fish described in 1936


Michael Long may refer to:

Government
 Michael Long (judge) (1928–1985), British judge
 Michael R. Long (1940–2022), American politician, former chairperson of the Conservative Party of New York State
 Mike Long (lobbyist), American lobbyist and political operative in Pennsylvania

Sports
 Mike Long (American football) (born 1938), American football player
 Michael E. Long (born 1946), American basketball coach and former basketball player
 Michael Long (footballer) (born 1969), Australian rules footballer
 Michael Long (golfer) (born 1968), New Zealand golfer

Others
 Michael Long (actor) (1947– 1991), Australian actor
 Michael Long (linguist) (1945–2021), professor at the University of Maryland
 Mike Long (born 1974), Magic: The Gathering card game player
 Mike Long (American businessman), former CEO of Continuum, WebMD, and Homestore.com
 Mike Long (author), writes for film, government, business, and the non-profit world
 Michael G. Long, religious studies professor
 Michael Knight (Knight Rider), a fictional character whose original name was Michael Long


Maternal obesity refers to obesity (often including being overweight) of a woman during pregnancy.  Parental obesity refers to obesity of either parent during pregnancy.

Maternal obesity has a significant impact on maternal metabolism and offspring development. Insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis, fat oxidation and amino acid synthesis are all disrupted by maternal obesity and contribute to adverse outcomes.  Modification of lifestyle is an effective intervention strategy for improvement of maternal metabolism and the prevention of adverse outcomes.

Obesity is defined as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater.  A 5-foot-5-inch tall woman would be considered obese if she weighs 180 pounds or more and a 5-foot-8-inch tall woman would be considered obese if she weighs 200 pounds or more.

Effects on the fetus

Defects/ impairments

Between 18 and 38% of pregnant women of American women are classified as obese. However, little is known about the link between maternal obesity and diabetic effects in offspring. Maternal obesity is associated with increased odds of pregnancies affected by congenital anomalies, including neural tube defects and spina bifida. The chances of having neural tube defects in the newborn of an obese woman has been shown to be twice that of a non-obese pregnant female. Some other anomalies that were increased among mothers with obesity included septal anomalies, cleft palate, cleft lip and palate, anorectal atresia, hydrocephaly, and limb reduction anomalies. Babies are also more likely to be admitted to neonatal intensive care units because of effects from the obese mother. Each year, nearly 2,500 babies are born with these defects, and many other affected pregnancies end in miscarriage and stillbirth.

Mental or physical effects on the fetus
Maternal obesity is linked with elective preterm delivery, neonatal death, and delivery of an extremely low birth weight infant. In follow-up studies of babies whose birth weights were below 1000g, it was shown that 40% to 45% of the survivors had severe neurodevelopmental impairments.

It has been demonstrated through a study on rats that when a pregnant mother ate a diet rich in fat, sugar, and salt, that mother's offspring was more likely to overeat and have a preference for junk food. Even when the offspring were not given the option of junk food, their bodies metabolized food differently from offspring whose mother ate healthier. Offspring of mothers who ate badly had higher levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in their bloodstream and higher risk of heart disease. In addition, these offspring had higher levels of glucose and insulin, which indicate development of type 2 diabetes. The rats were studied through adulthood and were found to be fatter than the offspring whose mothers ate healthier. This study showed that the diet of mothers not only affects the offspring's chemical physiology but also their likelihood of becoming even more unhealthy through their natural preference to bad habits.

Paternal obesity effects on the fetus
Researchers from the NIH's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) conducted a study and found that early-onset paternal obesity is connected with an increased risk of liver disease in their kin.  Researchers found that obese fathers had an elevated level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a liver enzyme, compared to fathers who were not obese.  They did a secondary analysis that excluded obese offspring.  Children who were a normal weight but had obese fathers still had elevated ALT levels, which indicated that a child's ALT levels are not dependent upon the child's own BMI.

Obesity effects on the mother

Disease
Obese women have an increased risk of pregnancy-related complications, including hypertension, gestational diabetes, and blood clots. Also, the mother is at risk of going into preterm labor.  Maternal obesity is also known to be associated with increased rates of complications in late pregnancy such as cesarean delivery, and shoulder dystocia.  A meta-analysis estimated that Cesarean delivery rates increased with odds ratios of 1.5 among overweight, 2 among obese, and 3 among severely obese women, compared with normal weight pregnant women. In addition, morbidly obese women who have not had children before are at increased risk of all–cause preterm deliveries.  It is well recognized that obese women are at increased risk of preeclampsia and that women who have never been pregnant are at higher risk of preeclampsia than women who have had children in the past.
Obesity in pregnancy is also known to be associated with hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, impaired endothelial function, and up-regulated markers of inflammation.

Effects of negative diets
Poor glycemic control can lead to neural tube defects.  The usual increase in insulin resistance seen in late pregnancy is enhanced in obese mothers, causing a postprandial increase in glucose, lipids, and amino acids, as well as excessive fetal exposure to fuel sources.  This, in turn, increases fetal size, fat storage, and potential risk for disease. For mothers, impaired glucose tolerance and hyperlipidemia are more common among obese mothers.

Modifying the risks
There are many options available in treating obesity, such as: altering one's diet and exercising regularly.  Moderate forms of exercise, such as walking, can lead to healthy weight loss.  Some people who are obese turn to gastric bypass surgery in order to reduce their appetites.  It is always advised to consult a physician regarding any obesity treatment.

It is recommended that obese women should try to lose weight before becoming pregnant, yet women should not diet during pregnancy because sufficient nutrition is important for pregnant women and women planning pregnancy.  Women with gastric banding can have normal pregnancies and better outcomes than women who do not have the surgery, but in most cases, doctors have agreed that pregnancy should wait until surgery-related weight loss has stabilized. Clinicians have been encouraged to talk to women who are pregnant or may become pregnant about getting enough folic acid, quitting smoking, and avoiding alcohol.  Women are also recommended to have appropriate calorie intake and exercise adequately.

Nutrition recommendations

Pregnant women who ate more sweets, such as candy and processed juices, in early pregnancy were at higher risk of gaining excessive weight.  A healthy, well-balanced diet during pregnancy can also help to minimize some pregnancy symptoms such as nausea and constipation.

Exercise recommendations

During pregnancy, doctors recommend light exercise.  Doctors state that exercise can help the comfort of the mother and the well-being of the unborn child.  Some benefits include, but are not limited to: reduced back pain, decrease in constipation, less likely to gain excess weight, decreased chance of gestational diabetes, easier labor, quicker recovery, and better physical and emotional health of the baby.

If negative signs and symptoms occur after exercising, pregnant females should stop immediately. Some signs include: dizziness, faintness, headache, shortness of breath, uterine contractions, vaginal bleeding, fluid leaking, or heart palpitations.

References

Obesity
Obesity
Obstetrics
Midwifery


Midway is an unincorporated community in Mecklenburg County, Virginia. It lies at an elevation of 371 feet (113 m).

References

Unincorporated communities in Mecklenburg County, Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Virginia


The province of Gorontalo in Indonesia is divided into 5 regencies (kabupaten) and one city (kota), which in turn are divided administratively into 77 districts, known as Kecamantan.

The districts of Gorontalo, with the regency or city each falls into, are as follows:

Anggrek, Gorontalo Utara
Asparaga, Gorontalo
Atinggola, Gorontalo Utara
Batudaa, Gorontalo
Batudaa Pantai, Gorontalo
Biau, Gorontalo Utara
Bilato, Gorontalo
Biluhu, Gorontalo
Boliohuto, Gorontalo
Bongomeme, Gorontalo
Bone, Bone Bolango
Bone Raya, Bone Bolango
Bone Pantai, Bone Bolango
Botumoita, Boalemo
Botupingge, Bone Bolango
Bulango Selatan, Bone Bolango
Bulango Timur, Bone Bolango
Bulango Ulu, Bone Bolango
Bulango Utara, Bone Bolango
Bulawa, Bone Bolango
Buntulia, Pohuwato
Dengilo, Pohuwato
Dulupi, Boalemo
Dumbo Raya, Gorontalo City (kota)
Duhiadaa, Pohuwato
Dungaliyo, Gorontalo
Dungingi, Gorontalo City (kota)
Gentuma Raya, Gorontalo Utara
Hulonthalangi, Gorontalo City (kota)
Jomilito, Gorontalo Utara
Kabila, Bone Bolango
Kabila Bone, Bone Bolango
Kota Barat, Gorontalo City (kota)
Kota Selatan, Gorontalo City (kota)
Kota Tengah, Gorontalo City (kota)
Kota Timur, Gorontalo City (kota)
Kota Utara, Gorontalo City (kota)
Kwandang, Gorontalo Utara
Lemito, Pohuwato
Limboto, Gorontalo
Limboto Barat, Gorontalo
Mananggu, Boalemo
Marisa, Pohuwato
Monano, Gorontalo Utara
Mootilango, Gorontalo
Paguat, Pohuwato
Paguyaman, Boalemo
Paguyaman Pantai, Boalemo
Patilanggio, Pohuwato
Pinogu, Bone Bolango
Ponelo Kepulauan, Gorontalo Utara
Popayato, Pohuwato
Popayato Barat, Pohuwato
Popayato Timur, Pohuwato
Pulubala, Gorontalo
Randangan, Pohuwato
Sipatana, Gorontalo City (kota)
Sumalata, Gorontalo Utara
Sumalata Timur, Gorontalo Utara
Suwawa, Bone Bolango
Suwawa Selatan, Bone Bolango
Suwawa Tengah, Bone Bolango
Suwawa Timur, Bone Bolango
Tabongo, Gorontalo
Talaga Jaya, Gorontalo
Taluditi, Pohuwato
Tapa, Bone Bolango
Telaga, Gorontalo
Telaga Biru, Gorontalo
Tibawa, Gorontalo
Tilamuta, Boalemo
Tilango, Gorontalo
Tilongkabila, Bone Bolango
Tolangohula, Gorontalo
Tolinggula, Gorontalo Utara
Wanggarasi, Pohuwato
Wonosari, Boalemo

Gorontalo


Alder Dam is a concrete thick arch dam on the Nisqually River in the U.S. state of Washington. The construction began in 1942 and was completed in 1945. At this time Alder Dam was among the tallest dams in the United States, although this title has since been surpassed. The impounded water behind the dam forms Alder Lake, stretching about  upstream with a capacity of . With  of shoreline, the lake is a popular recreation spot close to Mount Rainier National Park.

Water from Alder Lake is sent into two generators at the base of the dam, each of which produces 25 megawatts for a total nameplate capacity of 50 megawatts. Two miles downstream is LaGrande Dam, site of the first dam in the area, dating from 1912, and rebuilt in 1945 along with Alder's construction.  Most of the energy produced at the dam is sent to the city of Tacoma, about  north.  Both Alder and LaGrande dams are owned and operated by Tacoma Power.

The name of the lake and the dam recalls the former small town of Alder, which was flooded in 1945 by the impounded water of the lake and disappeared. The current community of Alder is located north of the reservoir.

References

Dams in Washington (state)
United States power company dams
Hydroelectric power plants in Washington (state)
Buildings and structures in Pierce County, Washington
Buildings and structures in Thurston County, Washington
Dams completed in 1945
Energy infrastructure completed in 1945
Tacoma Public Utilities


Midway is an unincorporated community in Halifax County, Virginia, United States, near Scottsburg. It lies at an elevation of 430 feet (131 m).

References

Unincorporated communities in Halifax County, Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Virginia


The province of Lampung in Indonesia is divided into regencies which in turn are divided administratively into districts or kecamatan.

Districts
The districts of Lampung, with the regency each falls into, are as follows:

Abung Barat, Lampung Utara
Abung Selatan, Lampung Utara
Abung Semuli, Lampung Utara
Abung Surakarta, Lampung Utara
Abung Tengah, Lampung Utara
Abung Timur, Lampung Utara
Abung Tinggi, Lampung Utara
Adi Luwih, Pringsewu
Anak Tuha, Lampung Tengah
Bahuga, Way Kanan
Balik Bukit, Lampung Barat
Bandar Mataram, Lampung Tengah
Bandar Sribawono, Lampung Timur
Bandar Surabaya, Lampung Tengah
Bangunrejo, Lampung Tengah
Banjar Agung, Tulang Bawang
Banjar Baru, Tulang Bawang
Banjar Margo, Tulang Bawang
Banjit, Way Kanan
Baradatu, Way Kanan
Batanghari Nuban, Lampung Timur
Batanghari, Lampung Timur
Batu Brak, Lampung Barat
Bekri, Lampung Tengah
Belalau, Lampung Barat
Bengkunat, Lampung Barat
Blambangan Umpu, Way Kanan
Braja Slebah, Lampung Timur
Buay Bahuga, Way Kanan
Bukit Kemuning, Lampung Utara
Bumi Agung, Lampung Timur
Bumi Agung, Way Kanan
Bumi Nabung, Lampung Tengah
Bumi Ratu Nuban, Lampung Tengah
Bunga Mayang, Lampung Utara
Candipuro, Lampung Selatan
Cukuh Balak, Tanggamus
Dente Teladas, Tulang Bawang
Gading Rejo, Pringsewu
Gedong Tataan, Pesawaran
Gedung Aji Baru, Tulang Bawang
Gedung Aji, Tulang Bawang
Gedung Meneng, Tulang Bawang
Gisting, Tanggamus
Gunung Agung, Tulang Bawang Barat
Gunung Labuhan, Way Kanan
Gunung Pelindung, Lampung Timur
Gunung Sugih, Lampung Tengah
Gunung Terang, Tulang Bawang Barat
Jabung, Lampung Timur
Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan
Kalianda, Lampung Selatan
Kalirejo, Lampung Tengah
Karya Penggawa, Lampung Barat
Kasui, Way Kanan
Katibung, Lampung Selatan
Kedaton, Bandar Lampung
Kedondong, Pesawaran
Kelumbayan, Tanggamus
Kemiling, Bandar Lampung
Ketapang, Lampung Selatan
Ketimbang
Kota Agung, Tanggamus
Kota Gajah, Lampung Tengah
Kotabumi Selatan, Lampung Utara
Kotabumi Utara, Lampung Utara
Kotabumi, Lampung Utara
Labuhan Maringgai, Lampung Timur
Labuhan Ratu, Lampung Timur
Lambu Kibang, Tulang Bawang Barat
Lemong, Lampung Barat
Margatiga, Lampung Timur
Marga Sekampung, Lampung Timur
Mataram Baru, Lampung Timur
Melinting, Lampung Timur
Menggala, Tulang Bawang
Menggala Timur, Tulang Bawang
Meraksa Aji, Tulang Bawang
Merbau Mataram, Lampung Selatan
Mesuji, Mesuji
Metro Barat, Kota Metro
Metro Barat, Metro
Metro Kibang, Lampung Timur
Metro Pusat, Metro
Metro Selatan, Metro
Metro Timur, Metro
Metro Utara, Metro
Muara Sungkai, Lampung Utara
Natar, Lampung Selatan
Negara Batin, Way Kanan
Negeri Agung, Way Kanan
Negeri Besar, Way Kanan
Negeri Katon, Pesawaran
Padang Cermin, Pesawaran
Padang Ratu, Lampung Tengah
Pagelaran, Pringsewu
Pakuan Ratu, Way Kanan
Palas, Lampung Selatan
Panjang, Bandar Lampung
Pardasuka, Pringsewu
Pasir Sakti, Lampung Timur
Pekalongan, Lampung Timur
Pematang Sawa, Tanggamus
Penawar Aji, Tulang Bawang
Penawar Tama, Tulang Bawang
Penengahan, Lampung Selatan
Pesisir Selatan, Lampung Barat
Pesisir Tengah, Lampung Barat
Pesisir Utara, Lampung Barat
Pubian, Lampung Tengah
Pugung, Tanggamus
Pulau Panggung, Tanggamus
Punduh Pidada, Pesawaran
Punggur, Lampung Tengah
Purbolinggo, Lampung Timur
Rajabasa, Bandar Lampung
Rajabasa, Lampung Selatan
Raman Utara, Lampung Timur
Rawajitu Selatan, Tulang Bawang
Rawajitu Timur, Tulang Bawang
Rawajitu Utara, Mesuji
Rebang Tangkas, Way Kanan
Rumbia, Lampung Tengah
Sekampung Udik, Lampung Timur
Sekampung, Lampung Timur
Sekincau, Lampung Barat
Selagai Lingga, Lampung Tengah
Semaka, Tanggamus
Sendang Agung, Lampung Tengah
Seputih Agung, Lampung Tengah
Seputih Banyak, Lampung Tengah
Seputih Mataram, Lampung Tengah
Seputih Raman, Lampung Tengah
Seputih Surabaya, Lampung Tengah
Sidomulyo, Lampung Selatan
Simpang Pematang, Mesuji
Sragi, Lampung Selatan
Way Halim, Bandar Lampung
Sukadana, Lampung Timur
Sukarame, Bandar Lampung
Sukau, Lampung Barat
Sukoharjo, Pringsewu
Sumber Jaya, Lampung Barat
Sumberejo, Tanggamus
Sungkai Selatan, Lampung Utara
Sungkai Utara, Lampung Utara
Suoh, Lampung Barat
Talang Padang, Tanggamus
Tanjung Bintang, Lampung Selatan
Tanjung Karang Barat, Bandar Lampung
Tanjung Karang Pusat, Bandar Lampung
Tanjung Karang Timur, Bandar Lampung
Tanjung Raja, Lampung Utara
Tanjung Raya, Mesuji
Tanjung Senang, Bandar Lampung
Tanjungsari, Lampung Selatan
Tegineneng, Pesawaran
Teluk Betung Barat, Bandar Lampung
Teluk Betung Selatan, Bandar Lampung
Teluk Betung Utara, Bandar Lampung
Terbanggi Besar, Lampung Tengah
Terusan Nunyai, Lampung Tengah
Trimurjo, Lampung Tengah
Tulang Bawang Tengah, Tulang Bawang Barat
Tulang Bawang Udik, Tulang Bawang Barat
Tumi Jajar, Tulang Bawang Barat
Ulubelu, Tanggamus
Waway Karya, Lampung Timur
Way Bungur, Lampung Timur
Way Jepara, Lampung Timur
Way Kenanga, Tulang Bawang Barat
Way Lima, Pesawaran
Way Panji, Lampung Selatan
Way Pengubuan, Lampung Tengah
Way Ratai, Pesawaran
Way Seputih, Lampung Tengah
Way Serdang, Mesuji
Way Sulan, Lampung Selatan
Way Tenong, Lampung Barat
Way Tuba, Way Kanan
Wonosobo, Tanggamus
Air Itam, Lampung Barat
Gedung Surian, Lampung Barat
Kebun Tebu, Lampung Barat
Bandar Negeri Suoh, Lampung Barat
Pagar Dewa Lampung Barat
Batu Ketulis, Lampung Barat
Gedung Surian' Lampung Barat

References

Lampung
Politics of Indonesia


Wren (formerly, Midway) is an unincorporated community in Charlotte County, Virginia. It lies at an elevation of 604 feet (184 m).

References

Unincorporated communities in Charlotte County, Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Virginia


The second season of The Secret Life of the American Teenager, an American television series created by Brenda Hampton, debuted on the ABC Family television network on Monday, June 22, 2009 at 8:00PM. Season two regular cast members include Shailene Woodley, India Eisley, Daren Kagasoff, Francia Raisa, Kenny Baumann, Molly Ringwald, Mark Derwin, Megan Park, and Greg Finley II. Following the first season, Jorge Pallo and Luke Zimmerman were demoted to recurring guest stars. Jorge returned for a select number of episodes to wrap up his character's storyline and eventually departed the series after its January return.

Following the success of its first season, ABC Family announced on January 31, 2009, plans to renew Secret Life, following the cancellation of its hit sci-fi TV show, Kyle XY. The official press release was released on February 9 with ABC Family ordering 24 episodes for season two. Season 2 began with 12 episodes broadcast starting June 22, 2009. Though marketed as the season finale, the mid season finale aired on September 7, 2009, with the second half of the season returning on January 4, 2010. The second 12 episodes finished their run on March 22, 2010.

The season premiere of Secret Life brought in the largest audience for the show so far, with a record-breaking 4.68 million viewers. It brought in the second largest audience in adults 18-34 with 1.40 million viewers, behind season one's mid-season finale. 2.10 million adults 18-49 watched "The Big One" along with 1.60 million females between the ages 18–34. The season premiere remains the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 in Adults 18-34. Furthermore, the mid-season premiere became ABC Family's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12–34 with more than three million viewers watching. The mid-season premiere also brought in the show's second largest audience in total viewers, with more than 4.55 million people watching.

This season, Amy Juergens must deal with juggling motherhood and high school, while her family and friends experience relationship challenges of their own.

Main cast

 Shailene Woodley as Amy Juergens
 Kenny Baumann as Ben Boykewich
 Mark Derwin as George Juergens
 India Eisley as Ashley Juergens
 Greg Finley as Jack Pappas
 Daren Kagasoff as Ricky Underwood
 Megan Park as Grace Bowman
 Francia Raisa as Adrian Lee
 Molly Ringwald as Anne Juergens

Episodes

Development

Writing

Though it came as a surprise, writers of Secret Life were faced with a challenge when writing began for the second season. In January 2009, Molly Ringwald announced that she was expecting twins of her own. She told People Magazine that Brenda Hampton was working on writing her character's pregnancy into the storyline of the show.

Kenny Baumann, the actor who plays Ben Boykewich, confirmed that someone would die in the second season of Secret Life. The character would be a "significant male character" and the death would be a terrible tragedy. It was later revealed that John Schneider, who portrayed the role as Grace's father, Marshall, left the show due to multiple shows and projects he has. Marshall was written out of the series in "The Big One".

New and returning characters

Actor Brando Eaton was cast as Ashley's new gay sidekick, Griffin, who has a recurring role in the season. Actress Rumer Willis, appeared in Secret Life as Heather, a pregnant girl in the episode "Knocked Up Who's There?". She interacted with Ben in a way that got Amy jealous. Actor Austin Stowell was cast as Lauren's new boyfriend, Jesse, who has a recurring role in the season. Their relationship sparks the discussion of interracial dating, as Jesse believes that Lauren is not interested in having sex with him because of his race.

Reception

On Monday, June 22, 2009, Secret Life opened its second season with the largest audience so far, posting a series high in Total Viewers with 4.68 million viewers, and second-best numbers ever in Adults 18-34 with 1.4 million viewers, behind season one's mid-season finale, Adults 18-49 with 2.1 million viewers and Viewers 11-34 with 2.9 million viewers. In June 2009, Secret Life ranked as cable's No. 1 scripted telecast in Females 11-34, and the No. 1 scripted series telecast in Viewers 11-34 and Female Teens. Additionally, Secret Life stood as ad-supported cable's No. 1 telecast this month in Female Teens. Impressively, the season debut became cable's No. 1 scripted series premiere of the 2008/2009 season to date in Women 18-34, Women 18-49'and Viewers 11-34, and the No. 1 scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 so far in Adults 18-34.

Secret Life's second season debut now stands as cable's No. 1 scripted original series/season premiere this summer in Adults ages 18–34 and across core female 18-34, 18-49 and 11-34 demos, ahead of such high-profile series as USA's Royal Pains and Burn Notice and TNT's The Closer.

Some critics praised the new developments of the show, saying they could be "interesting material to build on." Jean Bentley of Entertainment Weekly says that with the whole "teen going through a pregnancy" plot being played out and the "frustrated young mother" thing is going on, we have room to explore some other topics. She remained hopeful that the writers won't just turn these new problems into issues of the week, instead allowing time for the characters to grieve Marshall's death, deal with Anne's accidental pregnancy, and explore the more emotionally complex aspects of teenage sex.

With more than 4.55 million people watching the season two mid-season premiere, the episode became ABC Family's most-watched telecast ever in key 12-34 and teen demos. The episode stands as the series' 2nd-most-watched episode in viewers and is TV's No. 1 telecast of the season in female teens, cable's No. 1 telecast in females 12-34 and cable's No. 1 scripted telecast in viewers 12-34. The season two mid-season premiere remains cable's No. 1 scripted premiere of the 2009/10 season. It improved nearly one million total viewers over its season two mid-season finale, and was No. 1 in all target demos for the hour.

References

External links
 Official website

 MSN

2009 American television seasons
2010 American television seasons
2


Jorge Roberto Saad Silveira (born September 9, 1952, in Niterói) is a Brazilian politician.

He was elected four times Mayor of the city of Niterói, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by the Democratic Labour Party. Elected to succeed , he was succeeded as mayor by Rodrigo Neves.

References

Mayors of places in Brazil
Living people
Democratic Labour Party (Brazil) politicians
1952 births
People from Niterói


Harriet Rebecca Mead (born 2 September 1969) is an English wildlife artist specialising in metal sculptures.

Mead's work is inspired by animals and birds. From an early age she was encouraged to observe and develop a keen interest in British wildlife due to the influence of her late father, Chris Mead, who was a well-known author and broadcaster. She uses personal experiences and direct observation to provide inspiration for her work. The countryside and wildlife around her home in Hilborough in rural Norfolk and her travels in Asia and Africa, provide subject matter for her work. She received formal art education during a foundation year at St Albans College, followed by a degree in Fine Art at the Norwich School of Art.

After showing at its annual show for several years, Mead was elected a full member of the Society of Wildlife Artists, SWLA. In 2004, she was elected to Council of the SWLA and won the Society's Capmark Award in 2007 and was runner-up in 2006. In 2009, she was elected as the Society's President, making her the youngest and first woman to hold the post in the Society's 47-year history. Mead continued to hold the position of president through at least October 2020.

Her work

Although predominately a sculptor, Mead also produces drawings and prints, but focuses on using steel to create her sculptures. Her steel sculptures fall into two categories;- the "true-to-life" form made predominantly from sheet steel that resemble as accurately as possible the species being created, and "found objects" in which Mead uses everyday objects to produce an abstract form of the animal.

Mead tends to work to commission, but does maintain a few examples of her work in key galleries. She seems to be able to tackle any subject from the natural world.

Art and conservation

Mead has used her art to promote and raise funds for conservation and animal charities. Most notably amongst the organisations she has supported are the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, the Countryside Education Foundation and the Suffolk Horse Society.
Together with other leading international wildlife artists Mead has taken part in two Artists for Nature Foundation projects, which bring artists together to promote and raise funds for conservation projects around the world, including the Great Fen Project in Cambridgeshire, and the Hula Valley in Israel.

Public art

Mead has produced two large-scale public art pieces. One is the Suffolk Trinity which includes a life-size Suffolk Punch horse, a Suffolk Ram and a Suffolk Redpoll Bull providing an impressive feature at the entrance of Trinity Park (the Suffolk show ground), near Ipswich. The other is a life-size heavy horse being led by a man at Dromore, West Tyrone, Northern Ireland.

Further reading
The Great Fen (Artists for Nature in England) by Chris Gerrard, Langford Press, Peterborough (2007)
Drawing Inspiration from the Hula Valley (Artists for Nature in Israel) by Zev Labinger & Edna Gorney, SPNI, Tel Aviv (2011)
Art for the Love of Sark, A contemporary portrait of a changing Island by Renate Zoller, Gateway Publishing, Sark (2012)

References

External links
Harriet Mead's Official Website
Sample works on SWLA website

1969 births
Living people
Alumni of Norwich University of the Arts
English sculptors
People from Hilborough
People from Tring


Young Malagasies Determined (, or TGV) is a political movement in Madagascar. It is headed by the current President, Andry Rajoelina, who organized it prior to the Antananarivo mayoral election in 2007.

The term TGV is also a reference to Andry Rajoelina's nickname, a reference to the French high-speed train TGV and to Rajoelina's fast-mover's personality.

Politically, TGV promotes government transparency, the development of infrastructure, and multigenerational politics. It is the main centre-left rival of the centre-right Tiako I Madagasikara, and currently holds a majority in the national assembly.

It was part of the coalition Together with President Andry Rajoelina (Isika Rehetra Miaraka amin’i Andry Rajoelina in Malagasy) - IRD for the 2019 Malagasy parliamentary election.

Electoral history

Presidential elections

National Assembly elections

References

Political parties in Madagascar


One Two Ka One is a Pakistani Urdu comedy film directed by musician-director Ronaq Ali.

Cast
 Moammar Rana
 Reema
Nawaz Anjum
 Naseem Vicky
 Saima
 Babu Baral
 Irfan Khoosat
 Amanullah Khan
 Iftikhar Thakur

Production
Shaan was initially given the title role but later it was given to Moammar Rana."

References

2000s Urdu-language films
Pakistani comedy films
2006 comedy films
2006 films
Urdu-language Pakistani films
Films scored by Wajid Nashad


Barbara Goldsmith (May 18, 1931 – June 26, 2016)  was an American author, journalist, and philanthropist.  She received critical and popular acclaim for her best-selling books, essays, articles, and her philanthropic work.  She was awarded four honoris causa doctorates, and numerous awards; been elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, two Presidential Commissions, and the New York State Council on the Arts; and honored by The New York Public Library Literary Lions as well as the Literacy Volunteers, the American Academy in Rome, The Authors Guild, and the Guild Hall Academy of Arts for Lifetime Achievement. In 2009, she received the Knight’s Cross of the Order of Merit medal from the Republic of Poland.  In November 2008, Goldsmith sus elected a “Living Landmark” by the New York Landmarks Conservancy.  She has three children and six grandchildren. The Financial Times declared that "Goldsmith is leaving a legacy—one of art, literature, friends, family and philanthropy."

Early life

Goldsmith was born Barbara Joan Lubun in New York City in 1931. She received a Bachelor of Arts in 1953 from Wellesley College, where she majored in English, after which she took art courses at Columbia University.  Her first assignments as a journalist were in the art field, where she simultaneously amassed an art collection comprising mostly contemporary American painting and sculpture.  In her early twenties, she wrote a series of prize-winning profiles of such Hollywood luminaries as Clark Gable, Cary Grant, Joan Crawford, and Audrey Hepburn.  In the late 1960s she initiated “The Creative Environment” series, interviewing in-depth Marcel Breuer, I.M. Pei, George Balanchine and Pablo Picasso, among others, about their creative process.

Goldsmith’s “The Creative Environment” caught the eye of Clay Felker, editor of the Sunday magazine supplement of the New York Herald Tribune.  After the Tribune failed in 1967, Goldsmith provided Felker with the money to purchase the rights to the magazine and reinvent it as a standalone glossy, and in 1968 she became a founding editor and writer of New York, where she wrote not only about art, but also about the colorful characters in the art world. In the third issue of New York, she wrote a landmark article on Viva, a “superstar” in Andy Warhol films, with accompanying photographs by Diane Arbus. At the time, the article was praised and reviled.  Tom Wolfe called it “Too good not to print” and honored her with inclusion in his anthology The New Journalism. When Wolfe called her one of the originators of this movement, Goldsmith said, “I think good journalism is all that counts, not a so-called group.” Other notable New York articles included her profiles of the Centennial of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and curator Henry Geldzhaler’s emerging artists exhibit, Thomas Hoving, Jamie Wyeth and Andy Warhol.

Goldsmith wrote “Bacall and the Boys” in 1968, a television special about Lauren Bacall in Paris with the then young, unproven avant-garde designers Yves St. Laurent and Giorgio Armani as well as Pierre Cardin and Marc Bohan of Dior.  This earned her an Emmy award.

In 1974 Barbara Goldsmith became an adviser to the Hearst Corporation and then Senior Editor of Harper’s Bazaar, attracting top writers to the publication.

Later life and books

“At magazines I got tired of making other writers look good through my re-writing,” Goldsmith wrote.  From the mid-1970s, though continuing to write for the New Yorker and the New York Times among other publications, Goldsmith concentrated on writing books, all of which brought critical success and became bestsellers.

In 1975 Goldsmith completed her first book, The Straw Man, a novel about the New York art world.  The wealthy Royceman family’s private art collection—a hundred million dollars worth of Old Masters, Impressionists, Neo-Impressionists, and objects d’art—has been willed by Bertram Royceman to a New York museum to be housed in a special pavilion.  However, Bertie, the only son of Bertram Royceman, files suit to challenge his father’s will.  The ensuing battle exposes many of the players in the art world.  The book reached #1 on the bestseller lists and was praised in a review by John Kenneth Galbraith in New York Magazine as “brilliant social criticism.”

Goldsmith’s second book was Little Gloria...Happy at Last, published in 1980. The nonfiction narrative tracked the 1930s custody battle for Gloria Vanderbilt (Little Gloria, then).  The book reached the top of The New York Times and Publishers Weekly bestseller lists and was hailed by critics. It was a main selection of the Book of the Month Club and described as a “literary masterpiece...the skill of Proust,” by Alden Whitman.  The book became both a Paramount Pictures film and a major NBC television mini-series, Little Gloria... Happy at Last, starring Bette Davis, Angela Lansbury, Christopher Plummer, and Maureen Stapleton.  It was nominated for six Emmys, including one which Goldsmith won.

Johnson v. Johnson, Goldsmith’s third book, completed in 1987, recounted the longest, most expensive will contest in United States history between Basia Johnson, the widow of pharmaceutical heir J. Seward Johnson, and his children from previous marriages.  It, too, became a bestseller and received critical accolades, such as The Washington Post Book World calling the book, “Brilliant and gripping...I hadn't counted on Barbara Goldsmith who somehow persuaded the combatants on both sides to level with her...The accumulated tawdriness seems part of some mythic destiny.”  The New York Times Book Review found it, “Intriguing...a shadowy Gothic family drama.”.

Goldsmith completed her next book in 1998. Other Powers: The Age of Suffrage, Spiritualism and the Scandalous Victoria Woodhull chronicled the women of the Gilded Age who fought for equality and the right to vote. Centered around the controversial newspaper editor, spiritualist and free love advocate Victoria Woodhull, author Jane Stanton Hitchcock described the work as "a whole vivid and inclusive way of writing history. It’s spellbinding.” The New York Times’ Richard Bernstein hailed it as an “absorbing, sweeping book...the richness of its narrative, the complex and morally nuanced portraits of its character...You finish it nearly out of breath astonished at the tragic heroism of the flawed character who tried to challenge the American Establishment.” Other Powers was the finalist for the Los Angeles Book Prize.  The book is optioned to become a major motion picture.

Her final book, Obsessive Genius: The Inner World of Marie Curie, has been translated into 21 languages world-wide. The work is based on the workbooks, letters, and diaries of Marie Curie, which had been sealed for sixty years because they were still radioactive.  It won the prize for the Best Book of 2006 from the American Institute of Physics and its thirteen affiliated societies, earned Goldsmith the Knight’s Cross of the Order of Merit medal for service to the Republic of Poland in 2009, and will soon be adapted as a major joint HBO/Sony production.

Goldsmith’s most recent awards are the highest honor given by her alma mater Wellesley College, the 2013 Wellesley Alumnae Achievement Award. In 2013, she also received the Erwin Piscator Honorary Award for her writing. Many of her other outstanding awards are listed below. She died on June 26, 2016, at the age of 85.

Philanthropy

The President of the Carnegie Corporation, Vartan Gregorian, named Barbara Goldsmith along with David Rockefeller and Brooke Astor on his list of America’s ten most enlightened philanthropists. Gregorian particularly noted the campaign she spearheaded to convert books and documents to permanent paper lasting 300 years instead of disintegrating in thirty and her securing of $20 million from the federal government for this crucial work.

Her major philanthropic efforts include the donation of two preservation and conservation laboratories at The New York Public Library and at New York University, where she also funds a series of business lectures in honor of her father, Joseph I. Lubin, and a lecture series on preservation and conservation.  In 2010 the New York Public Library Services Center, a  building with 220 workers, now contains the state-of-the-art Barbara Goldsmith Preservation and Conservation Divisions. She also funded a state-of-the-art rare book library at the American Academy in Rome and a preservation and conservation treatment facility at Wellesley College. She served on the Presidential Commission on Preservation and Access during the William Jefferson Clinton Administration and received the American Archival Association’s top award.

Among her early major philanthropic efforts was the 1968 founding of the Center for Learning Disabilities at Albert Einstein College of Medicine.  In 1974, she succeeded with Adele Auchincloss (the late Mrs. Louis Auchincloss) to have the city, state and parks department install safety surf, a cushioning material, under swings and slides in every park and playground in the five boroughs of New York City. Goldsmith initiated many other anonymous grants.

She founded the PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award in order to spotlight writers of conscience in 113 countries who have disappeared, were tortured, or were in prison at the time of the awards.  Since 1987, in 22 years that she provided this award, 34 out of 37 imprisoned writers were released, often within months of the award.  She helped establish the Core Freedoms Program which confines itself to free expression work in the United States. Larry Siems, Director of PEN Freedom to Write, declared of Goldsmith, “Her innovative idea and persistence and skill brought all this to fruition.” The PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award was instrumental in starting the campaign that led to the Chinese writer Liu Xiaobo winning the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize.

Selected awards and honors
2013 Wellesley College Alumnae Achievement Award
Erwin Piscator Honorary Award, 2013
 2012 Woman of Achievement Award from the Women's Project Theater
 Barbara Goldsmith received the honor of becoming a New York “Living Landmark” for all she had written and accomplished.  This honor also has been presented to Brooke Astor, Jessye Norman, Charlie Rose, Beverly Sills, and Barbara Walters among others. November 2008.
 On May 11, 2009, Goldsmith was honored before 1,000 people at a Lincoln Center ceremony by Literacy Partners for her Lifetime Achievements in the Arts.
 The American Academy of Arts and Sciences elected to make her a member of this distinguished body founded in 1780 by John Adams, James Bowdoin, John Hancock. April 15, 2000.
 Authors Guild Award for Distinguished Literary Achievements, 2007
 Obsessive Genius: The Inner World of Marie Curie won the single prize for the “best book on physics written by a non-physicist” from the thirteen affiliated societies of the American Institute of Physics.
 Knight’s Cross of the Order of Merit medal from the Republic of Poland for her contribution to Polish culture, 2009.
 National Archives Award, also presented to Kenneth Burns, for contributions to American History.
 The New York Public Library honored Goldsmith as a Literary Lion with a group including Toni Morrison, Norman Mailer, Tom Wolfe among others.
 The New York State Council on the Arts.
 Elected to the Council on Foreign Relations.
 Presidential Commission on Preservation and Access.
 Emmy for the CBS special “Bacall and the Boys”.
 Two television Emmys as writer and executive producer for Little Gloria…Happy At Last.
 Other Powers: The Age of Suffrage, Spiritualism and the Scandalous Victoria Woodhull finalist for the Los Angeles Book Prize, 1998.
 Presidential Citation from William Jefferson Clinton, July 15, 1998.
 Presidential appointment to the eight person Presidential Commission for the Celebration of Women in American History, 1999.
 New York Times notable books.
 Association of American Publishers best non-fiction award.
 Boston Globe best book of the year.
 New York University Presidential Citation, 1993.
 The Brandeis Library Trust Award for outstanding writing.
 The Guild Hall Lifetime Literary Achievement Award.
 Poets & Writers “Writers for Writers” Award, 1999.

Organizations

 The New York Public Library. Trustee since 1987. Served on Executive Committee, Nominating Committee, Library Policy Committee, Finance & Acquisitions Committee and others.
 American Academy in Rome. Trustee since 1994.  Served on Executive Committee, Committee on Fine Arts.
 The Dorothy & Lewis B. Cullman Center for Scholars & Writers. Advisory Board since its inception in 1999.
 PEN (Poets, Essayist, Novelists) American Center. Trustee, Core Freedoms Committee, Executive Committee, Advisory Board, originator of PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award.

Bibliography

Books

 Goldsmith, Barbara. The Straw Man. 1975. Farrar, Straus & Giroux, New York. ()
 Goldsmith, Barbara. Little Gloria...Happy at Last. 1980. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. ()
 Goldsmith, Barbara. Johnson v. Johnson. 1987. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. ()
 Goldsmith, Barbara. Other Powers: The Age of Suffrage, Spiritualism and the Scandalous Victoria Woodhull. 1998. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York.()
 Goldsmith, Barbara. Obsessive Genius: The Inner World of Marie Curie. 2005. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York. ()

Selected articles and essays

 “La Dolce Viva,” New York Magazine, April 1968.
 “How Henry (Geldzahler) Made 43 Artists Immortal,” New York Magazine, 1974.
 “Comment on Culture,” Harper’s Bazaar (special arts & literature issue with artist James Rosenquist), editor and writer, January 1969.
 “The Meaning of Celebrity,” New York Times, December 4, 1983.
 “Women on the Edge: The Streetwalker’s Life,” The New Yorker, April 26, 1993.

Selected profiles of the author

 “A Testament of Riches Shared,” by Pamela Ryckman. Financial Times, September 28, 2007. Available online .
  “Saving Books From the Paper They're Printed On,” by Eleanor Blau. New York Times, November 27, 1994. Available online.
 New York Social Diary Interview with Barbara Goldsmith, by David Patrick Columbia. Available online.
  Aspen Magazine Profile of Author: “Leading the Way,” by Daniel Shaw.  Aspen Magazine, Summer 2005.

References

External links

1931 births
2016 deaths
American biographers
American women biographers
American magazine editors
Place of death missing
American women journalists
Writers from New Rochelle, New York
Wellesley College alumni
Journalists from New York (state)
Historians from New York (state)
Women magazine editors
21st-century American women