This is a list of electoral results for the Division of Riverina in Australian federal elections from the division's creation in 1901 until its abolition in 1984, and from its creation in 1993 until the present.

Members

Election results

Elections in the 2020s

2022

Elections in the 2010s

2019

2016

2013

2010

Elections in the 2000s

2007

2004

2001

Elections in the 1990s

1998

1996

1993

1984 - 1993
District abolished

Elections in the 1980s

1983

1980

Elections in the 1970s

1977

1975

1974

1972

Elections in the 1960s

1969

1966

1965 by-election

1963

1961

Elections in the 1950s

1958

1955

1954

1951

Elections in the 1940s

1949

1946

1943

1940

Elections in the 1930s

1937

1934

1931

Elections in the 1920s

1929

1928

1925

1922

Elections in the 1910s

1919

1917

1914

1913

1910

Elections in the 1900s

1906

1904 by-election

1903

1901

References

 Australian Electoral Commission. Federal election results
 Carr, Adam. Psephos

Australian federal electoral results by division
Riverina


"All Over Me" is a song written by Earl Thomas Conley, Michael Pyle, and Blake Shelton. It was released in October 2001 as the second single from Shelton's debut album, Blake Shelton.

Shelton was introduced to Conley by good friend Pyle, who was playing in Conley's band at the time. Shelton has long considered Earl Thomas Conley his all time musical hero. The three wrote the song at Conley's house in 1999.

Shelton sings in a falsetto on the chorus.

Chart positions
"All Over Me" debuted at number 54 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of October 20, 2001.

References

2001 singles
Blake Shelton songs
Songs written by Earl Thomas Conley
Songs written by Blake Shelton
Warner Records Nashville singles
2001 songs


The Kite Fighters is a 2000 historical children's novel that was written by Linda Sue Park and illustrated by her father Eung Won Park. It was first published on March 20, 2000, through Clarion Books and follows two brothers in Korea during the 15th century.

Plot
Set in Seoul, Korea, in 1473, the novel depicts the relationship of two brothers in a tradition-bound family. Lee Young-sup is acutely aware of the difference in his status being a younger brother, but he finds a true talent the first time he flies a kite. First-born son Kee-sup is under pressure from his father, a rice merchant, to advance the family honor by becoming a court official; he spends much of his time studying for the position, though it is not his true life goal. Young-sup's growing expertise in flying kites and Kee-sup's craft in making them draw the attention of the boy-king of Korea, modeled after King Songjong, and they become friends with the king outside of the ancient protocol and secretly represent him for them kite-fighting competition during the New Year's festival. It is the tension between traditional duties and individual needs.

Reception
Critical reception has been positive. January Magazine praised The Kite Fighters for "[painting] a realistic picture of coming of age in Korea in 1473" and "[relaying] a timeless, compelling story that easily translates to our own age". Kirkus Reviews also gave the book a positive rating, as they appreciated the book's resolution came out of the hard work of several people as opposed to it being a "foregone conclusion".

References

2000 American novels
American children's novels
Children's historical novels
Novels by Linda Sue Park
Novels set in Seoul
Fiction set in the 1470s
Clarion Books books
2000 children's books
Novels set in the Joseon dynasty
Children's books about kite flying
Children's books set in Korea
Children's books set in the 15th century
American historical novels
Novels set in the 1470s


Archaeology Under the Canopy is a conservation strategy developed by Dr. Anabel Ford for the preservation of pre-Columbian Maya monuments at the archeological site El Pilar, an ancient Maya center on the border of Belize and Guatemala. This style of conservation encourages the conservation of Maya forest foliage for the protection of monuments and the strategic exposure of ancient structures.

Objective
The objective of Archaeology Under the Canopy is to preserve Maya cultural heritage by protecting the forest canopy guarding ancient Maya artifacts and monuments from damaging elements. The El Pilar Archaeological Reserve for Flora and Fauna practices this conservation strategy and treats the forest as if it was another piece of ancient Maya civilization. This conservation strategy aims to become an example for other future projects by showing the benefits of cooperating with nature rather than destroying it. With the increasing support of Archaeology Under the Canopy, the knowledge of environmental conservation for cultural conservation can spread and potentially improve other ancient sites around the world.

Standard approaches to excavation
Exposing ancient architecture provokes the natural process of degradation and decomposition. The standard approach to excavation is to remove soil and foliage to reveal and record archaeological remains. After the excavation is complete, dramatic monuments are typically consolidated and left exposed for public viewing and tourism. Fully exposed monuments are then at risk of looting or other forms of potential damage. Over the past century of excavation in the Maya world, wind, rain, and acid-producing microbes have caused extensive damage on ancient limestone monuments  Pieces of Maya history have started to disappear due to the loss of the natural environment surrounding ancient Maya sites.

Archaeology Under the Canopy’s alternative approach
Archaeology Under the Canopy has four main components: the forest canopy, the practice of forest gardening, the leaf litter on the forest floor, and the ancient monuments. Each of these components plays an important part of the innovative conservation strategy. The natural environment is recognized as protection for ancient monuments.

After an excavation is complete, monuments or sections of monuments – such as a wall, room, stair, or doorjamb – are selected for consolidation and viewing. The majority of the monument is left covered with plant foliage for stabilization. Fully exposing the ancient monuments by clearing its natural environment accelerates the natural degradation process. Archaeology Under the Canopy protects the monument from the elements and the integrity of the environment for the future.

This presentation style of monuments encourages visitors to kindle their imagination and consider other aspects of Maya life beyond elite architecture. Visitors are inspired to ask about the forest context of this advanced civilization, its relationship to the environment, plant use, land management, forest regeneration, and what happens when monuments are neglected over time.

Archaeology Under the Canopy introduces long-term manipulation schemes around local forest regions that will allow for immediate benefits to local people and valuable experimental data. Therefore, local communities are encouraged to participate in the conservation and evolution of the Maya forest  so that the knowledge of conservation continues to spread.

Influential charters
Though Archaeology Under the Canopy was conceptualized for the Maya world, it is based on the Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments, the International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites, and the Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance. The practice of Archaeology Under the Canopy has implications for archaeological conservation all over the world, integrating environmental and cultural contexts of a site.

See also
 conservation sciences
 historical preservation

External links

References

Mesoamerican archaeology
Mesoamerican studies
Historic preservation


Baithéne mac Brénaind (also known as Saint Baoithin and Saint Buadán) was an Irish monk, one of Saint Columba's followers who accompanied him to Scotland around 563, and was the first successor of the abbacy of Iona. The Annals of Tigernach record his birth in 534, and his death was likely between 596 and 598 according also to the Annals of Ulster. Irish genealogical records indicate him to be the "son of Brendan, son of Fergus, son of Conall Gulban, son of Niall Noígiallach", thus being a member of the Cenél Conaill branch of the Northern Uí Néill, as the abbots of Iona following the death of Columba often were.

Baithéne is still venerated in Ireland, but is most heavily associated with county Donegal where his cult was most active in Taughboyne and Culdaff. Celebrations of the saint in Donegal are ongoing, and a major celebration of the saint's 1400th death anniversary was celebrated in the parish of Taughboyne in 2000. Folklore about the saint from Donegal further refers to him using various variants of his name.

There is also evidence of Baithéne being venerated as Saint Bathan and Baodáin in Scotland as Abbey St Bathans in Berwickshire (south east Scotland) is named after him, as well as several other place names.

The earliest source for Baithéne is Adomnán of Iona's Life of Columba (Vita Columbae), in which he is featured as Columba's close companion and successor. Two 12th-13th century lives of Baithéne also survive in the Codex Salmanticensis and Codex Insulensis but are heavily influenced by Adomnán's life.

Baithéne is recorded in the four major Irish martyrologies as sharing his feast day with Columba on 9 June.

Companion to Columba

Baithéne is heavily featured in Adomnán's Vita Columbae, where he is featured as Columba's trusted companion and chosen successor. He is called Columba's alumnus, which has variously been translated as 'foster-son' and 'disciple'.

In one story, there was a very sinful man who came to Iona to request being a monk there, but Columba had foreseen how wicked this man was and said he should not be allowed to come. But when the man came, he said he wanted to see Columba, and Baithéne said that the man should be allowed to do penance and quoted the scriptures. To this, Columba responded that the man had murdered his brother and debauched his mother. When the man finally met Columba, Columba told him that he could do penance by living among the British for twelve years without returning to Ireland, but Columba foretold that he would not fulfill this and instead would return to his sinful ways and head to perdition. And the man did exactly as Columba foretold, going not to Britain but back to Ireland, where he was murdered.

In another story, Baithéne asked Columba to give him a monk to help him go through the psalter and look for mistakes. Columba told him that there was no mistake in the psalter except that the letter I was missing in one place. And they went through the psalter and found that it was just as Columba had said.

Another time, Adomnán mentions that Baithéne once visited the island of Eigg.

Baithéne also features on a list of twelve companions who followed Columba to Iona. The list gives Baithéne an alternative name 'Conin' and it mentions that he had a brother called Cobthach. It has been suggested that these have been fabricated to create a biblical parallel.

Iona, Tiree, and Hinba

Baithéne's reign as abbot was fairly short as Columba died c. 597, and Baithéne's death is recorded as occurring c. 598, aged 66 according to the Annals of Clonmacnoise. No evident sources contemporaneous with Baithéne's abbacy survive.

Baithéne served as prior over a monastery connected to Iona on the island of Tiree. The name of the place where his monastery was located on Tiree was Mag Luinge or Campus Luinge. The monastery was a house for penitents from Iona. Some historians have thought that it may have supplied food to Iona.

Adomnán recorded a story about a voyage he took to the island, when Columba first told a monk who was heading to Tiree that he should not sail directly from Iona to Tiree, because a great whale would frighten him, but his did not listen to his advice and took the direct route, and a huge whale came out of the water and almost destroyed the boat, which terrified those in the boat. When Baithéne departed the following day to Tiree, Columba told him about the whale, and Baithéne responded that both he and the whale were in God's power, to which Columba responded 'Go in peace, your faith in Christ will shield you from danger'. And so Baithéne then took the direct route and the whale came out of the water which terrified all in the boat, except Baithéne, who used his hands to bless the sea and the whale, and the whale then went down into the water.

Another story that Adomnán recorded held that Baithéne and Colmán Elo both approached Columba one time to ask him to pray for a favourable wind on their respective journeys to Tiree and Ireland. Columba said that in the morning the wind would be favourable to travel to Tiree and in the afternoon the Lord would change it to make it favourable to travel to Ireland. And it happened just as Columba said.

Another story that Admonan recorded held that one time Columba encountered an army of demons on Iona, and he fought them with the help of angels, such that the demons fled from Iona. But after they fled, they then went to Tiree and attacked the monks there, including the monastery at Mag Luinge headed by Baithéne. While many in the other monasteries died from diseases, which were caused by the demons, only one monk in Baithéne's monastery died and the rest were protected because of their prayer and fasting.

Baithéne spent time as prior of Hinba.

In one story, Adomnán claimed that Columba went to Hinba and relaxed the penitential rules on one occasion. However, one monk named Neman refused to abide by the relaxation. Columba rebuked him and said 'Neman, Baithéne and I have allowed a relaxation in the diet and you refuse it. But the time will come when in the company of thieves in the forest you will eat the flesh of a stolen mare'. This monk eventually left the monastery and went back into the world, and one day found himself among thieves eating such meat.

References

Attribution

6th-century Christian saints
6th-century Irish abbots
536 births
600 deaths
Abbots of Iona
Irish Christian monks
Irish expatriates in Scotland
Medieval Irish saints
Scottish Roman Catholic saints
Burials at Iona Abbey


Jim Engles (born August 18, 1968) is an American college basketball coach and current coach of the Columbia Lions men's basketball team. He is the former head men's basketball coach at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT). He replaced Jim Casciano. In Engles' first season (2008), the NJIT Highlanders snapped their Division I-record 51-game losing streak with a win over Bryant. Under Engles, NJIT reached the CIT semifinals in both 2015 and 2016. Engles had been an assistant coach at Columbia before taking over as head coach at NJIT.

Head coaching record

References

1968 births
Living people
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
Sportspeople from Staten Island
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Columbia Lions men's basketball coaches
Dickinson Red Devils men's basketball players
NJIT Highlanders men's basketball coaches
Rider Broncs men's basketball coaches
Wagner Seahawks men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players


is an action game developed and published by Sega for the SG-1000 console in 1985. The game follows a girl as she gathers flowers to win the love of a boy. It was the debut work of Sega programmers Yuji Naka and Hiroshi Kawaguchi. Naka went on to co-create the Sonic the Hedgehog series and Kawaguchi would later compose music for popular Sega arcade games.

Gameplay

Girl's Garden is an arcade-style action game. The player controls a young girl named Papri as she collects flowers to win the affection of a boy. During each round, the player must collect a certain number of flowers and return them to the boy before time expires and the boy meets another girl. The stages are maze-like and populated with hostile enemies including bears. Papri has a limited set of power-ups to help avoid enemies.

Development
Girl's Garden was the first game developed for Sega by programmers Yuji Naka and Hiroshi Kawaguchi.  After Naka joined Sega in April 1984, he was asked by his supervisor to try developing games for girls as part of his initial month of training. Naka collaborated with Kawaguchi, another new programmer to Sega, and showed their progress on Girl's Garden to their supervisor after about two months. Their boss decided it was good enough to be worked into a full game and sold for the SG-1000.

Development on Girl's Garden lasted five months. Hardware limitations made scrolling the screen and displaying many sprites difficult. As the system could only render four sprites per scanline, Naka and Kawaguchi instead drew the enemy bears to the background. It was difficult to scroll the background layer while also moving the bears around the screen and animating the blooming flowers. The music and sounds were programmed by Tohru Nakabayashi and Katsuhiro Hayashi.

It took three months to manufacture the ROM chips. Sega produced around 80,000 copies of Girl's Garden, half of which were sold. According to contemporary game publication Game Machine, the game was released in January 1985. In 1998, Sega Saturn Magazine (Japan) wrote that it was released in December 1984. In a 2002 interview, Naka argued that the game's development and manufacturing time meant it could not have possibly been released in 1984. He believed the game was released in February 1985, and recalled his supervisors warning him that games do not sell well in February.

Legacy
Writing for USgamer, Jeremy Parish called Girl's Garden a simple "inoffensive, inessential" game, and Bob Mackey wrote that it was "one of the more technically impressive games" for the SG-1000. Girl's Garden was re-released briefly on GameTap in 2006. It could also be unlocked in the Sega 3D Fukkoku Archives 3: Final Stage compilation for the Nintendo 3DS if the player had save data for Sega 3D Fukkoku Archives. The game has been considered for release on Sega Forever.

Naka continued with Sega and went on to become one of the most renowned programmers in the gaming industry. He is most well known for programming Sonic the Hedgehog (1991) and heading Sega's Sonic Team division. Kawaguchi went on to become a music composer at Sega, writing music for arcade games like Hang-On (1985) and Out Run (1986).

Notes

References

1985 video games
Action games
Japan-exclusive video games
Sega video games
SG-1000 games
Video games about plants
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video games produced by Yuji Naka
Works about flowers
Video games developed in Japan
Single-player video games


Rombout Hogerbeets (Hoorn, 24 June 1561 — Wassenaar, 7 September 1625) was a Dutch jurist and statesman. He was tried for treason, together with Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Hugo Grotius, and Gilles van Ledenberg during the political crisis of 1617–18 in the Dutch Republic, and sentenced to life-imprisonment. He shared Loevestein prison with Grotius.

Early life and career
Hogerbeets was the son of Dirk Hendriksz. Hogerbeets, a medical doctor and burgomaster of  Hoorn. When he was seven years old, he went into exile to Wesel with his parents, because they were persecuted by Alba's Council of Troubles. He attended Latin school in that city. He studied law under Donellus and received his doctorate in law from Leiden University in 1584. Already in 1590 he was appointed pensionary of the city of Leiden and secretary of the Board of Regents of Leiden University. He resigned these posts when he was made a Justice in the Hoge Raad van Holland en Zeeland (the supreme court of the provinces of Holland and Zeeland) in 1596. As hoofdingeland (member of the governing board) of the Holland North Quarter Drainage District he was closely involved in the draining of the Beemster lake around 1605. In 1611 he was a member of the diplomatic mission of the States-General of the Netherlands to mediate between Denmark and Sweden in the Kalmar War (which had harmed Dutch commerce). On 8 December 1617 he was again appointed pensionary of Leiden and he therefore resigned his seat in the Hoge Raad.

Hogerbeets married Hillegonda Wentzen in March, 1591. They had one son and five daughters.

Arrest and trial

As pensionary of Leiden, Hogerbeets was deeply involved in the political crisis that engulfed the Oldenbarnevelt regime in 1618 and brought about its fall. Leiden was one of the Holland cities whose regents were partisans of the Remonstrants and had agitated for the Sharp Resolution of 1617 which authorized city governments to raise private armies, called waardgelders. The Counter-Remonstrants, the enemies of the Remonstrants opposed this, and the stadtholder, Maurice of Nassau viewed this policy as a challenge to his authority as commander-in-chief of the States Army. In the ensuing rounds of intrigue and counter-intrigue to procure the disbanding of the waardgelder companies, or to prevent the disbandment, Hogerbeets, together with Grotius and a few other Remonstrant regents from Holland, privately met with a like-minded group of Utrecht regents, led by Gilles van Ledenberg to discuss strategy in the political struggle with Maurice and the Counter-Remonstrants on 5 July 1618. This was later construed as a conspiracy.

Maurice went ahead with his plans to disarm the waardgelders in Utrecht at the end of July, 1618. His show of force thoroughly intimidated the group of regents around Oldenbarnevelt and they were prepared to make concessions. Nevertheless, on 28 August 1618 the States-General, on a secret majority-vote, authorized Maurice to arrest the Remonstrant "ringleaders" and the next day Oldenbarnevelt, Grotius, Ledenberg and Hogerbeets were duly taken prisoner and incarcerated at the Binnenhof.

As a citizen of Leiden and of Holland, Hogerbeets would normally have been tried by a court of law of that city or that province. This was a civil right, known as the Jus de non evocando. However, the States-General decided to try the defendants themselves and as the confederation did not have its own judicial branch the matter was eventually delegated to a judicial commission of the States-General (a policy that was not unusual in itself). The pre-trial investigation in the case was handled by three fiscals (prosecutors): Laurens Sylla, Pieter van Leeuwen and Anthonie Duyck.

As an accomplished lawyer, Hogerbeets tried to avail himself of his legal rights under Dutch law. However, due process was systematically denied him, though he apparently was not threatened with torture like his colleague Ledenberg. After many interrogations and a long wait (during which his wife was denied access to him, though he was allowed to correspond with her) he finally expected to have his day in court on 18 May 1619. A few days earlier, members of the court had pressed him privately to ask for mercy, but he had refused, protesting his innocence. When the trial opened he was not allowed to state his defense, but made to listen to the reading of the verdict, that had already been decided upon. Together with Grotius he was convicted of treason against the federal government and sentenced to life imprisonment and forfeiture of his and his wife's assets.

Like Grotius, Hogerbeets was incarcerated in the fortress of Loevestein. Their wives were allowed to join them in jail. His wife fell ill, however, and after four months she died on 19 October 1620, her birthday. It apparently took three days to remove the body, and it caused him much distress to have to share the cell with his wife's corpse.

During his incarceration he authored a law manual, entitled: Korte inleidinge tot de praktyk voor de Hoven van Justitie in Holland (Short introduction to the practice of law before the courts of justice in Holland).

When Maurice's brother Frederick Henry succeeded the former in 1625, Hogerbeets was allowed to transfer to more pleasant surroundings in Wassenaar, where he was put under house arrest. He died there on 7 September 1625. He was buried in the Groote Kerk in The Hague on 12 September 1625.

Notes and references

Sources
 "Levensbeschrijving van Rombout Hogerbeets," in  (1777) Levensbeschryving van eenige voornaame meest Nederlandsche mannen en vrouwen. Deel 4, pp. 272–304
 "Hogerbeets, Rombout," in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, herausgegeben von der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayrischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band 12 (1880), p. 652ff

1561 births
1625 deaths
Arminian writers
Dutch jurists
Dutch people of the Eighty Years' War
People from Hoorn
Remonstrants
Dutch prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the Netherlands
People convicted of treason


2008 Gomelsky Cup was a basketball competition in Europe that occurred in Moscow between September 22, 2008 and September 24, 2008. Four top teams from Euroleague participated in this tournament - CSKA Moscow, Maccabi Tel Aviv, Panathinaikos Athens and Žalgiris Kaunas. Žalgiris Kaunas took the gold, in the end.

Tournament

Semifinal 1

Semifinal 2

Gold-medal match

Bronze-medal match

2008
2008–09 in Russian basketball
2008–09 in Lithuanian basketball
2008–09 in Greek basketball
2008–09 in Israeli basketball


The Samsung SGH-i780 or Samsung Mirage is a Windows Mobile-based smartphone manufactured by Samsung.
The SGH-i780 has a candy bar-style design and a 320×320 resolution screen. A qwerty keyboard with the
numeric keys overlaid on keys in the third to fifth column of the keyboard and the touch sensitive screen is used for input. In addition it has a small touchpad, which moves a cursor on the screen.

Specifications
 Processor: Marvell PXA310 624 MHz
 Dimensions: 115 × 61 × 12.9 mm
 Weight: 120 g
 Operating system: Windows Mobile Professional 6.1
 RAM: 128 MB
 ROM: 256 MB
 Camera: 2.0 MP
 Front-facing camera: 0.3 MP

External links
 Samsung i780 (SGH-i780)

Samsung mobile phones
Mobile phones introduced in 2008


Farrokhzād (, meaning descendant of Farrokh or born with luck and happiness) may refer to the following:

People
Rostam Farrokhzād, the 7th-century commander of Sasanian forces who lost the battle of Qadisiyya to Arab Muslims
Farrukhzad, a 7th-century powerful Iranian aristocrat from the House of Ispahbudhan, who established the Bavand dynasty in Tabaristan, ruling from 651 to 665.
Forough Farrokhzad, a 20th-century Iranian poet
Fereydoun Farrokhzad, brother of Forough Farrokhzad and an Iranian TV host and political opposition figure who was murdered in 1992
Pooran Farrokhzad, sister of Forough and an Iranian novelist
Athena Farrokhzad, a Swedish-Iranian poet, playwright, translator and literary critic

Places
 Farrokhzad, Khuzestan, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran
 Farrokhzad, West Azerbaijan, a village in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran

See also
Farrokh (disambiguation)


Farrukhzad (; New Persian: ) was an Iranian aristocrat from the House of Ispahbudhan and the founder of the Bavand dynasty, ruling from 651 to 665. Originally a powerful servant of the Sasanian king Khosrow II (r. 590–628), he, along with several other powerful aristocrats made a conspiracy against the latter and ended his tyrannical rule. They thereafter put Khosrow's son Kavadh II (r. 628) on the throne, whose rule lasted only a few months, before he was killed by a plague, being succeeded by his son Ardashir III (r. 628–629), who was only after one year murdered by the rebellious former Sasanian army chief (spahbed) Shahrbaraz, who usurped the throne.

These events greatly weakened the Sasanian Empire, but by 632, when Khosrow's grandson Yazdegerd III (r. 632–651) ascended the throne, order was somewhat restored. However, just as peace was about to come, the Sasanian Empire was invaded by Muslim Arabs, which resulted in the death of many Sasanian veterans, including Farrukhzad's brother Rostam Farrokhzad himself. Farrukhzad thereafter succeeded the latter as the spahbed and the leader of the Pahlav (Parthian) faction, which had been formed by their father Farrukh Hormizd, who was murdered in 631.

However, Farrukhzad was unable to defeat the Arabs,  from one place to another until in 650, when Farrukhzad mutinied against his king, who was shortly killed by one of his servants. Farrukhzad later became the ruler of Tabaristan in 651, and would rule the region until his murder in 665 by Valash, a Karenid aristocrat, who thereafter conquered his domains.

Name
Although his real name was "Farrukhzad" (meaning "the son of Farrukh" or "born with luck and happiness"), he is also known in other sources by various other names, such as Khurrazad, Zad Farrukh, Zinabi Abu'l-Farrukhan and Bav.

Family
Farrukhzad was the son of Farrukh Hormizd, a prominent aristocrat from the Ispahbudhan family, who served as the army chief (spahbed) of the kusts of Adurbadagan and Khorasan—he was one of the generals who led the Sasanian army during the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, but in 626 along with his comrade Shahrbaraz rebelled against the Sasanian king Khosrow II (r. 590–628). Farrukhzad had one brother named Rostam Farrokhzad, who at that time resided in the Adurbadagan province.

The war with the Byzantines and the overthrow of Khosrow II

Farrukhzad is first mentioned during the reign of Khosrow II, where he occupied high offices and according to the Iranian poet Ferdowsi was "so close to Khusrow II that none dared to approach him without his permission". In 626, Shahrbaraz and Farrukhzad's father and brother rebelled. In 627, Khosrow then sent Farrukhzad to negotiate with Shahbaraz, who was camping near the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon. However, Farrukhzad secretly mutinied against Khosrow and joined Shahrbaraz. He then encouraged to remain undivided and not fear the fury of Khosrow. Furthermore, he also said that there were not any grandees (wuzurgan) who supported him.

Khosrow, however, began suspecting Farrukhzad of treachery but kept it to himself, because he did not want to make the situation worse than it already was. At the same time, Farrukhzad was assembling more people who opposed Khosrow in order to stage a coup d'état. In 628, Farrukhzad freed Khosrow's eldest son Sheroe from prison and along with several feudal families of the Sasanian Empire, captured Ctesiphon and imprisoned Khosrow. Sheroe was then crowned as the new king and became known by his dynastic name of "Kavadh II".

The feudal families which overthrew Khosrow included: Shahrbaraz, who represented the Mihran family; the House of Ispahbudhan represented by Farrukh Hormizd and his two sons Rostam Farrokhzad and Farrukhzad; the Armenian faction represented by Varaztirots II Bagratuni; and finally the Kanarangiyan faction represented by Kanadbak. Kavadh II thereafter ordered his vizier (wuzurg framadar) Piruz Khosrow to execute all his brothers and half-brothers, including Khosrow II's favorite son and heir Mardanshah. Three days later, Kavadh ordered Mihr Hormozd to execute his father. With the agreement of the nobles of the Sasanian Empire, Kavadh then made peace with the Byzantine emperor Heraclius. Furthermore, he also took all the properties of Farrukhzad and put him under arrest in Istakhr.

The Sasanian civil war of 628-632
Following the loss of territory required for the peace treaty, the embittered aristocracy started forming independent states within the Sasanian Empire, thus starting the Sasanian civil war of 628-632. This divided the resources of the country. Furthermore, dams and canals became derelict, and a devastating plague erupted in the western provinces of Iran, killing half of the population along with Kavadh II, who was succeeded by his 8-year-old son Ardashir III. Meanwhile, Farrukh Hormizd formed a faction in northern Iran known as the Pahlav (Parthian) faction, a faction of Parthians from several families who had rallied under him. During the time same time, however, Piruz Khosrow also formed an faction in southern Iran, known as the Parsig (Persian) faction.

On 27 April 629, Ardashir was overthrown and killed by Shahrbaraz, who then usurped the throne. Forty days later, however, Farrukh Hormizd killed him and made Khosrow's daughter Boran the new monarch of the Sasanian Empire. Boran then appointed Farrukh Hormizd as the minister of the empire. She, was, however, quickly deposed by Shahrbaraz's son Shapur-i Shahrvaraz, who after a brief reign was replaced by Azarmidokht, the sister of Boran. Azarmidokht, under the advice of the Sasanian nobles, recalled Farrukhzad from his arrest and invited him to serve the Sasanians once again. Farrukhzad, however, declined the invitation and refused to serve under a woman. He then retired in a fire-temple at Istakhr.

In 631, Farrukh Hormizd, in order to seize power, asked Azarmidokht to marry him. Not daring to refuse, Azarmidokht had him killed with the aid of the Mihranid aristocrat Siyavakhsh, who was the grandson of Bahram Chobin, the famous spahbed and briefly shahanshah. She was however, shortly killed by Rostam Farrokhzad, who then restored Boran to the throne. Later in 632, Farrukhzad was once again invited to serve the Sasanians, this time by the newly crowned king Yazdegerd III, who was a puppet king of Farrukhzad's brother, Rostam Farrokhzad. Farrukhzad accepted and all his properties were restored to him.

The Arab invasion of Iran

The invasion of western Iran

However, during the same year, the majority of the Arabs, united under the banner of Islam, invaded the Sasanian Empire. By 636, the Arabs were at al-Qadisiya, a town close to Ctesiphon, which made Rostam Farrokhzad take action himself. However, Farrukhzad was unable to take part, because he was serving as the marzban (general of a frontier province, "margrave") of Balasagan, a province far away from Ctesiphon.

While preparing to face the Arabs, he wrote a letter to Farrukhzad, which said that he should raise an army and go to Adurbadagan, while reminding him that Yazdegerd III was the only heritage left from the Sasanians. Rostam then set out from Ctesiphon in command of a large Sasanian force to confront the Arabs. The battle lasted three days, Rostam being defeated and killed during the last day.

After the death of his brother, Farrukhzad succeeded him as  the spahbed of Khorasan and Adurbadagan, and as the new leader of the Ispahbudhan family and the Pahlav faction. He then raised an army at Adurbadagan, and went to Ctesiphon, where he was appointed as its commander by Yazdegerd III, who fled to Hulwan with his property, family and 1,000 servants. Farrukhzad, however, also fled to Hulwan after a small and disheartening clash with the Arabs. In 637, Ctesiphon was captured by the Arabs. Meanwhile, Farrukhzad, along with Yazdegerd III, the Mihranid officer Mihran Razi, Piruz Khosrow, and Hormuzan, left Hulwan for Adurbadagan, but while they were moving to the place, they were ambushed by an Arab army at Jalula, where they were defeated. Mihran Razi was killed during the battle, while Hormuzan had fled to Khuzestan and Piruz Khosrow to Nahavand. In 642, the Arabs captured Nahavand and Spahan, killing Piruz Khosrow including other Sasanian officers such as Shahrvaraz Jadhuyih and Mardanshah. During the same year (or in 643), Farrukhzad raised another army with his son Isfandyadh and the Dailamite general Muta. They were, however, defeated at Waj Rudh, a village in Hamadan. Meanwhile, Yazdegerd III fled to southern Iran and stayed there until 648. It is not known if Farrukhzad was with Yazdegerd III during his stay in southern Iran.

Flight to Khorasan, rule and death
Around 650, Yazdegerd III, along with Farrukhzad, arrived to Khorasan. Yazdegerd III then appointed Farrukhzad as the governor of Merv and ordered Baraz, the son of Mahoe Suri, to give absolute control of the city over to him. Mahoe, however, disobeyed him. Farrukhzad then advised Yazdegerd III to take refugee in Tabaristan. Yazdegerd III, however, did not accept his advice. Farrukhzad later made a mutiny against Yazdegerd III and left for Ray, to avenge his father against Siyavakhsh, who was the ruler of the city. On his way to Ray, he met his ally Kanadbak, who was part of the conspiracy against Khosrow II and had taken part in Rostam's clash with the Arabs, but after the defeat had fled to Tus, a city which was part of his domains. Farrukhzad then continued his journey to Ray, but before reaching the city met the Arab general Nu'aym near Qazvin in 651, whom he made peace with.

He then agreed to aid the Arabs against Siyavakhsh. The combined Ispahbudhan-Arab then engaged in a night battle against Siyavakhsh's army at the foot of the mountain just outside Ray. Farrukhzad led some of Nu'aym's cavalry by a little-known way into the city, from where they attacked the Mihranid army's rear, causing great bloodshed. Siyavakhsh's army was in the end defeated and he was himself killed. To set an example, Nu'aym then ordered the destruction of the aristocratic quarter of Ray. However, the town was later rebuilt by Farrukhzad, who became the ruler of Ray.

Farrukhzad then went to Tabaristan, but at his arrival, he heard about the death of Yazdegerd under the orders of Mahoe Suri, which made him shave his hair and live as a monk in a fire temple at Kusan. When the Arabs invaded Tabaristan, Farrukhzad was requested by the locals to become their king, which he gladly accepted and which marked the foundation of the Bavand dynasty. He then gathered an army, defeated the Arabs, and made a peace treaty with them. Farrukhzad would rule Tabaristan including some parts of Abarshahr peacefully in 14 years, until he was murdered around 665 by a Karenid nobleman named Valash, whose family was at war with Farrukhzad's family.

After Farrukhzad's death, his son Surkhab I fled to an Ispahbudhan/Bavand stronghold named Kula. Later in 673, Surkhab avenged his father by killing Valash, and then reconquered his fathers realm. He thereafter crowned himself as ispahbadh (ruler) of the Bavand dynasty at his capital in Perim.

Family tree

References

Sources
Ahmad Hasan Dani, B. A. Litvinsky, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich Masson, History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The Crossroads of Civilizations, p. 228.

Generals of Khosrow II
665 deaths
Year of birth unknown
House of Ispahbudhan
Spahbeds
Rulers of Tabaristan
Murdered Persian monarchs
Bavand dynasty
Zoroastrian monarchs
Governors of the Sasanian Empire
Generals of Yazdegerd III
7th-century murdered monarchs
7th-century Iranian people
History of Dagestan


LeVelle DeShea Moton (born June 16, 1974) is an American college basketball coach and the current head coach of the men's basketball team at North Carolina Central University.  He was a former player at North Carolina Central, having graduated in 1996.

Early life
Moton was born in Boston, Massachusetts on June 16, 1974.  He and his older brother Earl were raised in the Orchard Park housing projects, the same projects as R&B group New Edition. His mother and grandmother raised LeVelle and his brother in the rough era of the crack epidemic. One time, as a youth, Moton attempted to sell drugs to provide for his family, a local druglord told other dealers he would punish them if they hired Moton. Hattie, his mother, decided to move her sons out of Boston to try and give them a better life and moved to Raleigh, North Carolina. Moton attended Daniels Middle School, where his jersey is retired, and went on to play at Enloe High School. He and his family lived in Lane Street projects which was right down the street from the Boys Club of Raleigh. Moton started attending the Boys Club and credits it with being one of the things that saved his life and kept him off the streets. There, he encountered Ron Williams, who became a father figure to him.  For over 30 years Coach Williams has been an intimate part of Moton's life.  Serving as a mentor, advisor and friend, Coach Williams and  the Boys Club were a refuge for Moton and many other youth in the neighborhood, including future NBA star PJ Tucker.

High school
He was a three-year letter-winner (1989–92) under head coach Frank Williams. Named All-Conference ('90-'92), All-State ('92), Cap5 Player of the Year ('92), Triangle Player for the Year ('92), and McDonalds's All-American Honorable Mention ('92). Two-time Conference Champions.   (89–90) As a sophomore, averaged 11.2 points and 5.0 rebounds per game. Tallied game high 23 points versus Apex High. (90–91) As a junior, averaged 23.1 points and 6.0 rebounds per contest. Scored game-high 38 points against Millbrook. (91–92)As a senior, averaged 29.4 points and 7.0 rebounds per game. Racked-up game high 51 points versus Cary High School.

College
From 1992–1996 Moton was a standout player at North Carolina Central University in Durham, North Carolina.  In 1996, he graduated from NCCU with a bachelor's degree in recreation administration.  Moton became the school's third all-time leading scorer with 1,714 points during his historic hardwood career as an Eagle from 1992–96, earning the nickname "Poetry 'n Moton."

During his junior and senior seasons, Moton was voted All-CIAA First Team, NCAA Division II South Atlantic All-Region First Team and NCAA Division II All-America Honorable Mention. He was named the 1996 CIAA (Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association) Men's Basketball Player of the Year and was inducted into the NCCU Athletics Hall of Fame in 2004.

Among NCCU's all-time career leaders, Moton ranks first in 3-point field goals made (213 of 529), third in scoring (1,714 points), fourth in free throws made (363 of 467), fifth in assists (278), eighth in field goals made (569 of 1,159), 10th in scoring average (16.6 points per game), and 11th in steals (110).

As a junior (1994–95), he topped the CIAA and was No. 16 in NCAA Division II in scoring with an average of 23.5 points per game. His 87 made three-point field goals that year broke the school's single-season record. As a senior (1995–96), he placed second in the CIAA with 21.3 points per game and ranked among the conference's top 10 statistical leaders in assists, free throw percentage and 3-point field goal percentage.

Moton played on three CIAA Southern Division Championship teams and made two trips to the NCAA playoffs, including an NCAA Division II South Atlantic Regional Championship title in 1993. During his NCCU playing career, his teams racked up an 80-28 record, which included three 20-win seasons.

Professional career
After NCCU, Moton played four years of professional basketball in Indonesia (1996–97) and Israel (1998–99). Throughout his professional playing career, Moton averaged 25.0 points per contest, and dished out a little more than five assists per game as a pro.

Coaching career
On March 25, 2009, arguably one of the greatest players in school history was elevated from assistant coach to the position of head coach, becoming the 17th to be named in that spot in the program's history.

During the 2016–17 season Moton led the Eagles to a 25–9 overall record and a 13-3 MEAC mark, and he joined rare company with John B. McLendon as the only coaches with four 20-win seasons at NCCU.  NCCU captured its third MEAC regular-season championship and second MEAC Tournament championship within a four-year span to make its second Division-I NCAA Tournament appearance.  The Eagles also made history with their first win over an SEC opponent with a wire-to-wire 62–52 win at Missouri.  NCCU went on a 13-game win streak during conference play, the second-longest win streak in the Division-I era.  The Eagles continued to pride itself on defense by being second in the nation in three-point defense, allowing just 29.0 percent made attempts. NCCU was also top-10 in field goal percentage defense (39.1), top-25 in scoring defense (63.4 points per game) and top-15 in scoring margin (11.7 points per game).

Close to 25 years after the magical run of the 1989 NCAA Division II National Championship team, and just 10 days shy of the fifth anniversary of the day of his official hiring, NCCU soared to its first MEAC tournament championship on March 15, 2014 following its 71–62 victory over Morgan State in front of a near-capacity crowd inside the Norfolk Scope Arena.  The 2013–14 Eagles tied a school record in wins (28), won the most games in a season for any squad in MEAC history, and was the lowest seed for any league champion in the NCAA Tournament as the maroon and gray earned a 14-seed in the East Region.  Moton's squad finished 15–1 in conference play earning the school's first Division I regular season title and won 20 straight contests, which set a new NCAA Division I level record for the program.

With the rings of a champion came the accolades as Moton earned MEAC Coach of the Year honors, MEAC Tournament's Most Outstanding Coach award, and was named the BoxtoRow.com HBCU National Coach of the Year, while earning finalist spots in the Hugh Durham National Coach of the Year Award (Top-Mid-Major Coach), and the Top Minority Coach honor, the Ben Jobe National Coach of the Year Award.

The following year, his sixth season as head coach at NCCU, Moton guided the 2014–15 Eagles to a 25–8 overall record, including a 19–3 mark during the final three-and-a-half months, as well as the school's first appearance in the National Invitation Tournament. The 2014–15 squad made history by becoming the first men's basketball team in school history to post an unbeaten regular-season conference record at 16–0 to repeat as MEAC regular-season champions. The Eagles were among the top five defenses in Division I, ranking second in field goal percentage defense (behind Kentucky), fourth in three-point field goal percentage defense and fifth in scoring defense. NCCU completed the campaign by extending the second-longest home win streak in Division I at 35 victories in-a-row (behind Arizona).  Moton joined hall of fame coach John McLendon and national championship coach Michael Bernard as the only coaches in NCCU men's basketball history to lead the Eagles to three straight 20-win seasons. As a credit to the program's recent success, NCCU boasts the best regular-season conference record during the last three seasons at 46–2, a winning percentage of .958.

The maroon and gray's second season in the MEAC, Moton's fourth, was the coming out party for the program. For the first time at the NCAA Division I level, the Eagles won 20 games finishing the year 22-9, and went 15–1 in conference play to earn the No. 2 seed in the conference tournament. In fact, the program experienced only two losses in the calendar year of 2013. The 22 victories were the most since his freshman year of 1992–93 when NCCU finished 26–4. The 11-game winning streak was the longest since the 1995–96 campaign when NCCU won 16-in-a-row. Moton earned national praise by being named a finalist for the Ben Jobe National Coach of the Year Award, and the Hugh Durham National Coach of the Year of Award, along with Co-Coach of the Year in the MEAC by CollegeInsider.com.

In his third season in charge of the North Carolina Central University basketball program, Moton took his team to a place not since seen since the 2004-05 season when the Eagles finished with a winning record (17–15) and were seeded fifth in their first MEAC Tournament at the Division I level. Of the 215 schools that have reclassified to the NCAA Division I level, NCCU was one of 38 schools across the nation who finished their first official season with 17 wins or more. That puts the Eagles in the same company as (Air Force–1958, VCU–1974, Weber State–1964, George Mason–1979, UNLV–1970, James Madison–1977, and Northwestern State (La.)–1997) who also recorded 17 wins in its inaugural campaign.

His second year at the helm his squad showed the Eagle Nation how bright the future was as his squad racked up 15 wins and recorded the first non-losing season in nearly six years. His record against MEAC opponents during the regular season was 10–5 which would have placed the maroon and gray as the number two seed in the league tournament. He earned NCAA Division I Independent Coach of the Year honors.

Year No. 1 was certainly a challenging one for Moton, but the program took numerous steps in the right direction. During the 2009-10 campaign, Moton led NCCU to its first winning record at home (7–4), its first Division I winning streak (three games), and gave numerous big-time opponents trouble throughout the season, but the second year head coach is nowhere near satisfied.

The Eagles finished 7–22, which included wins against soon-to-be conference foes Maryland Eastern Shore and Savannah State. The seven victories represented the most since making the move to Division I.

He initially returned to his alma mater as assistant men's basketball coach in July 2007.

The NCCU Athletics Hall-of-Famer joined the NCCU staff after serving as head boys basketball coach at Sanderson High School in his hometown of Raleigh, N.C. During his three-year tenure (2004–07) at Sanderson, Moton led the Spartans to an overall record of 59-25, while winning back-to-back Cap-7 tournament championships in 2006 and 2007.

Head coaching record

Personal
Moton and his wife, Bridget, married on June 28, 2008. They have two children Brooke and LeVelle Jr.

Philanthropy
Single Mother's Salute
The VelleCares foundation provides an annual event "Single Mother Salute". Each year, The Velle Cares Foundation honorsand celebrates over 100 Single Mothers each year across the Triangle Community. The event was created to show appreciation for the Struggles, Challenges, and Difficulties associated with being a Single Mother. Being the product of a Single Mother himself, LeVelle presents awards of Courage, Strength, Perseverance, and also a Single Mother of the Year award (named after his mother Hattie McDougald). The night is filled with photos, red carpet, food, games, spa treatments, gift bags, vacations, and many other exciting giveaways.

LeVelle Moton Back To School Community Day
Each year, LeVelle Moton, hosts his annual "Back to School Community Day Event" along with NBA Star PJ Tucker at The Raleigh Boys & Girls Club. The event serves over 700 kids and families each year by providing them with Book Bags, School Supplies, Give aways, and Entertainment. The number one step towards academic excellence is making sure students have the proper resources and This Community Day covers just that. This event provides a holistic approach for families and local community leaders attend and be actively involved. As a product of The Boys & Girls Club, LeVelle has donated his time and efforts into creating a platform of success for the next generation.

Coaching Awards
 2016-17: NABC District 15 Coach of the Year
 2016-17: BoxToRow.com HBCU National Co-Coach of the Year
 2016-17: MEAC Coach of the Year
 2016-17: Finalist Hugh Durham National Coach of the Year Award (Top Mid-Major Coach)
 2016-17: Finalist Ben Jobe National Coach of the Year Award (Top Minority Coach)
 2016-17: MEAC tournament champions
 2016-17: MEAC Tournament (Most Outstanding Coach)
 2016-17: MEAC Regular Season Champions (13-3)
 2016-17: Two All-MEAC Selections (Player of the Year)
 2015-16: One All-MEAC Selection
 2014-15:  NABC District 15 Coach of the Year
 2014-15:  Finalist Hugh Durham National Coach of the Year Award (Top Mid-Major Coach)
 2014-15:  Finalist Ben Jobe National Coach of the Year Award (Top Minority Coach)
 2014-15:  MEAC Regular Season Champions (16-0)
 2014-15:  Five All-MEAC Selections
 2014-15:  Third consecutive 20-win season (25-8)
 2013-14:  Tied School record for single-season wins (28)
 2013-14:  Set MEAC Record for wins in a season (28)
 2013-14:  Finalist Hugh Durham National Coach of the Year Award (Top Mid-Major Coach)
 2013-14:  Finalist Ben Jobe National Coach of the Year Award (Top Minority Coach)
 2013-14:  BoxToRow.com HBCU National Coach of the Year
 2013-14:  CollegeInsider.com (MEAC Coach of the Year)
 2013-14:  MEAC Tournament (Most Outstanding Coach)
 2013-14:  MEAC Coach of the Year
 2013-14:  MEAC Regular Season Champions (15-1)
 2013-14:  Two All-MEAC Selections (Player of the Year)
 2013-14:  Back-to-Back 20-win seasons (25-5)
 2012-13:  First 20-win season since 1996-97 (22-9)
 2012-13:  Three All-MEAC Selections
 2012-13:  CollegeInsider.com MEAC Co-Coach of the Year
 2012-13:  Finalist Ben Jobe National Coach of the Year Award (Top Minority Coach)
 2012-13:  Finalist Hugh Durham National Coach of the Year Award (Top Mid-Major Coach)
 2011-12:  First winning season since 2004-05 (17-15)
 2011-12:  Two All-MEAC Selections
 2010-11:  NCAA Division I Independent Coach of the Year

References
2. nccueaglepride.com

3. nccueagelpride.com

1974 births
Living people
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Massachusetts
Basketball players from Boston
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
High school basketball coaches in the United States
North Carolina Central Eagles men's basketball coaches
North Carolina Central Eagles men's basketball players
Shooting guards
William G. Enloe High School alumni


Colin William Brooks (born 9 January 1970) is an Australian politician. He has been a Labor Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly since 2006, representing the electorate of Bundoora. He is currently the Minister for Housing and Minister for Multicultural Affairs since December 2022, having previously served as the Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from March 2017 until his ministerial appointment.

Early life
Born in Sydney, he was educated at De La Salle College in Ashfield before receiving an electrical trades certificate from Petersham TAFE. He was an electrician from 1990 to 1996.

Political career
In 1996, Brooks became an electorate officer.  From 1997 to 2005, he served on Banyule City Council, being mayor from 1998 to 1999 and 2001 to 2002. In 2006, he was selected as the Labor candidate for the safe seat of Bundoora in the 2006 state election, after the retirement of sitting member Sherryl Garbutt. He has represented the seat since.  In March 2017, he was chosen by the Labor Caucus to replace Telmo Languiller as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. He was re-elected as Speaker in December 2018.

Brooks was appointed as Minister for Child Protection and Family Services and Minister for Disability, Ageing and Carers in the Second Andrews Ministry in June 2022.

Brooks is a member of the Australian Workers Union component of the Victorian Labor Right.

Personal life
Brooks is married with three children. He takes an interest in fishing and gardening. In 2001, he received the Centenary Medal.

References

External links
 Parliamentary voting record of Colin Brooks at Victorian Parliament Tracker

1970 births
Living people
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Victoria
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Speakers of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Mayors of places in Victoria (state)
Australian electricians
21st-century Australian politicians
Politicians from Sydney
Labor Right politicians
Ministers for Multicultural Affairs (Victoria)
Ministers for Creative Industries (Victoria)
Ministers for Disability (Victoria)
Ministers for Ageing (Victoria)


Wolfire Games is an American independent video game development company founded by David Rosen. Wolfire Games develops video games for macOS, Windows, and Linux.

History
David Rosen founded Wolfire Games in 2003 to organize his open source video game contest entries. After graduating from Swarthmore College in 2008, he was joined by his twin brother, Jeff, and two friends. In 2010, Wolfire ran the first Humble Bundle, later spun off as a separate company.

The company was awarded 5th Best Indie Game for their game Overgrowth by ModDB during the 7th Annual Mod of the Year Awards.

The company operates a YouTube channel on which it releases game footage and highlights new features.

The company name was inspired by "Wolfenstein", a stray dog the Rosen brothers adopted in 1996 and named for the video game series.

In 2021, Wolfire Games filed a lawsuit against Valve Corporation alleging that Valve's video game storefront, Steam, uses its large market share to stifle competition and inflate the prices of games.

Games
GLFighters – 2001 – Mac OS 9
Black Shades
Black Shades – 2002 – Linux, Mac OS 9, Mac OS X, Windows
Black Shades iPhone – 2009 – iPhone
Lightning's Shadow – 2003 – Mac OS 9
Lugaru – 2005 – Linux, Mac OS X, Windows
The Broadside Express – 2012 – Linux, Mac OS X, Windows (developed for the Humble Bundle Mojam using the Unity game engine)
Receiver – 2012 – Linux, Mac OS X, Windows (developed for the 2012 7dfps challenge using the Unity game engine)
Desperate Gods – 2012 – Mac OS X, Windows (developed for the 2012 Fuck This Jam challenge using the Unity game engine. Updates will continue after the challenge)
Low-light Combat – 2013 – Linux, Mac OS X, Windows (developed for the Humble Bundle Mojam 2 using the Unity game engine)
Overgrowth – 2017 – Windows, macOS, Linux
Receiver II – 2020 – Windows, macOS, Linux

See also
 Humble Indie Bundle

References

External links

 Blog
 Forums

American companies established in 2003
Video game companies based in California
Indie game developers
Video game development companies
Software companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Video game companies established in 2003
2003 establishments in California
Privately held companies based in California


Gastón Fernando de los Santos (born April 19, 1982, in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan football defender who last played for Club Atlético Progreso in the Uruguayan Segunda División.

In 2001, he began his career playing for modest club Rampla Juniors. After six years with the rojiverdes, he transferred to C.A. Bella Vista, where he played for one season. In 2009 manager Pablo Repetto brought him to join Bolivian team Blooming, Later in the year, he signed for Uruguayan club Juventud de Las Piedras. In 2010, he returned to Rampla Juniors that is the first club in his career after three years since he left the club.

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Uruguayan men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Rampla Juniors players
C.A. Bella Vista players
Club Blooming players
Sportivo Cerrito players
Estudiantes de Mérida players
Expatriate men's footballers in Bolivia
Expatriate men's footballers in Venezuela
Uruguayan expatriates in Bolivia
Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Venezuela
Rampla Juniors managers


Duane Jarvis (August 22, 1957 – April 1, 2009) was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter who recorded, wrote songs and toured with many rock and roll and country music performers, including Frank Black, Peter Case, Rosie Flores, John Prine, Amy Rigby, Lucinda Williams, Dwight Yoakam, Tim Carroll, and Gene Clark & Carla Olson.

His collaborations included co-writing "Still I Long For Your Kiss" with Wiliams, a song on her Grammy-winning album Car Wheels on a Gravel Road. He also released a number of solo albums.

He described his style as "country rock by way of the British Invasion" in a 1994 interview with The Oregonian, citing The Who, The Kinks, and The Rolling Stones as influences who themselves had borrowed much from roots music.

Personal life
Jarvis was born in Astoria, Oregon, and grew up in California, Oregon and Washington. His mother was a nurse and his father was in the United States Coast Guard, and would often play country music records at home. While living in Florida as a pre-teen, Jarvis received a guitar pick from B. B. King at the end of a concert he attended, which Jarvis kept for the rest of his life. He was part of a blues band and a power pop group while in his teens. He later played guitars, sang and wrote songs in the Portland power pop band 2 Minutes 50 (originally called The Odds), who released a 7-inch single, "Call Me Back"/"Forget It", in 1981.

Jarvis was inducted into the Oregon Music Hall of Fame in 2007. He died of colon cancer at age 51 on April 1, 2009, at his home in Marina del Rey, California.

Discography

Studio albums
 D.J.'s Front Porch (Twin/Tone-Medium Cool), February 22, 1994
 Far From Perfect (Watermelon Records), February 24, 1998
 Combo Platter (Glitterhouse), 1999 – Compilation of non-album, live and studio tracks
 Certified Miracle (Slewfoot), July 31, 2001
 Delicious (Slewfoot), December 23, 2003

Compilations
 "Cocktail Napkin" on Nashville: The Other Side Of The Alley... Vol. 3 (Bloodshot Records, 1996)
 "Broken A/C Blues" on Down To The Promised Land: 5 Years Of Bloodshot Records (2000)
 "Squeaky Wheel" on Freight Train Boogie: A Collection of Americana Music (The Orchard, 2001)
 "There Is a Light" on The Rookie original soundtrack album (Hollywood Records, 2002)
 "New Madrid" (with Dave Coleman) on For Anyone That's Listening: A Tribute to Uncle Tupelo (Flat Earth Records. 2003)
 "Cupid Must Be Angry" on Lowe Profile: A Tribute to Nick Lowe (Brewery Records, 2005)

Other credits
 "Still I Long for Your Kiss" (cowr.) on Lucinda Williams, Car Wheels on a Gravel Road (1998)
 "A Girl That's Hip" (cowr.) performed by Tim Carroll, on Drop Dead Gorgeous original soundtrack (1999); and (as "Girl That's Hip") on Tim Carroll, Not for Sale (self-released 2000, re-released 2009)
 Guitar on Lucinda Williams, Sweet Old World (1992)
 Guitar on Greg Trooper, Everywhere (1992) (album)
 Guitar on Greg Trooper, Popular Demons (1998) (album)
 "Sold on You" (cowr., guitarist on album) on Rosie Flores, After the Farm (1992)
 Guitar and mandolin on Gene Clark/Carla Olson, Silhouetted in Light (1992) – reissued as In Concert
 Bass on John Prine, A John Prine Christmas (1994)
 Guitar, coproduction on David Childers, Hard Time County (1999) and A Good Way to Die (2001)
 Producer, guitar and mandolin on Danny Baseheart EP Hell Raisin’ Star Gazin'''/Good Ole' Fashioned Evil (2002)
 Lead guitar on Amy Rigby, Til the Wheels Fall Off, on title track performed by Amy Rigby with Todd Snider (2003)
 Guitar on Ellis Hooks, The Hand of God (2003)
 Guitar on David Andrews, Everything to Lose (2004)
 Guitar on Frank Black, Fast Man Raider Man (2006)
 Guitar on Peter Case, Let Us Now Praise Sleepy John (2007)
 Guitars and background vocals on Matt Keating, Quixotic (2008)
 Dobro on Greg Koons and the Misbegotten, Nowhere Motel (June 23, 2009)
 Guitar on Black Francis, The Golem'' (2010, recorded 2008)

References

1957 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Singer-songwriters from Oregon
People from Astoria, Oregon
20th-century American male singers
20th-century American singer-songwriters
20th-century American guitarists
Guitarists from Oregon
American male guitarists


Farrokh may refer to:

Farrokh (name), including a list of people with the given name and surname, also variant spellings
Qanat-e Farrokh, village in Iran
Farrokh Pey, village in Iran
Farrokh Shahr, city in Iran
 Farrokh Bolagh, East Azerbaijan, village in Iran
 Farrokh Bolagh, Hamadan, village in Iran
Zu ol Farrokh, village in Iran

See also
Farrokhzad (disambiguation)
Farukh (disambiguation)


Joseph Patrick Schaefer (December 21, 1924 – December 27, 2000) was an American ice hockey goaltender. He played two games in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers, one game each in the 1959–60 and 1960–61 seasons. Schaefer was born in Long Island, New York.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

External links

1924 births
2000 deaths
American men's ice hockey goaltenders
Buffalo Bisons (AHL) players
Ice hockey players from New York (state)
Johnstown Jets players
New Haven Blades players
New York Rangers players
Philadelphia Ramblers players


De Cuba was the first privately owned, independent magazine in Cuba since the end of Fulgencio Batista dictatorship. It was published on a bimonthly basis.

Only three issues of the magazine were published: December 2002, February 2003 and September 2003.

Journalists
 Ricardo González Alfonso

References

External links
 De Cuba December 2002 issue (Spanish)
 De Cuba February 2003 issue (Spanish)

2002 establishments in Cuba
2003 disestablishments in Cuba
Bi-monthly magazines
Political repression in Cuba
Defunct magazines published in Cuba
Magazines established in 2002
Magazines disestablished in 2003
Spanish-language magazines


Khalil Eideh (born 8 November 1954) is an Australian politician. He was an Australian Labor Party member of the Victorian Legislative Council from 2006 to 2018, representing the Western Metropolitan Region.

Born in Tripoli in Lebanon to Syrian parents, he migrated to Australia, where he became a mail officer with Australia Post (1975–79). From 1987 to 2006 he was the managing director of the Bluestar Logistics Freight company. In 2001, he received the Centenary Medal for services to the community and transport, the Award for Excellence in Multicultural Affairs in 2005, and was also appointed a Harmony Day Ambassador.

He is known to be a former member of the fascist Lebanese political party, the Syrian Social Nationalist Party, and is alleged to have informed on members of the expatriate Syrian Australian community to the Syrian government.

In 2006, he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council as member for the Western Metropolitan Region, representing the Labor Party. He served on a number of committees in the Parliament of Victoria and was acting president of the Legislative Council.

In late July 2017, he was denied entry to the U.S. after flying from Vancouver, Canada, to Denver, Colorado, despite possessing a visa. His visit was as part of a group of Victorian politicians examining the effectiveness of drug laws and regulations in Europe and North America.

He did not seek re-election at the 2018 Victorian election.

Eideh is a supporter of the Essendon Football Club.

References

External links
 Parliamentary voting record of Khalil Eideh at Victorian Parliament Tracker

1954 births
Living people
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Victoria
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
Lebanese people of Syrian descent
Syrian emigrants to Australia
People from Tripoli, Lebanon
21st-century Australian politicians


Boardwalk is a 1979 American drama film written by Stephen Verona and Leigh Chapman and directed by Verona. It stars Ruth Gordon, Lee Strasberg and Janet Leigh.

Plot

The film is about the Rosen family and their struggle with a gang terrorizing their neighborhood in Coney Island.

Cast
Ruth Gordon as Becky Rosen
Lee Strasberg as David Rosen
Janet Leigh as Florence Cohen
Joe Silver as Leo Rosen
Eddie Barth as Eli Rosen
Merwin Goldsmith as Charley
Michael Ayr as Peter
Forbesy Russell as Marilyn
Chevi Colton as Vera Rosen
Teri Keane as Betty Rosen
Eli Mintz as Friedman
Rashel Novikoff as Sadie
Lillian Roth as Ruth
Kim Delgado as Strut
 Altovise Davis as Mrs. Bell

Production
It was filmed on location at numerous spots in Brooklyn, including the famous but now defunct Dubrow's Cafeteria.

It was written by Leigh Chapman and Verona, who were a couple at the time. Chapman later recalled the film as "Amateurish? boring? Strasberg [was] a dreadful actor...I give V[erona] credit for tenacity...[a] British investor who put up the money for the film. He was one of those 'commoner' Brits who created a travel agency and made a lot of money. I don't know how Verona met him or conned him into putting up the money."

Reception
Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote "Boardwalk is otherwise a movie of unrelieved, unexplored gloom".

References

External links
https://www.hollowsquarepress.com/boardwalk-1979.html
https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/69257/boardwalk
https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/boardwalk_2014

1979 films
American drama films
1979 drama films
Atlantic Entertainment Group films
Films about old age
Films set in Coney Island
1970s English-language films
1970s American films


David Frank Koch (born 24 October 1949) is an Australian politician. Born in Coleraine, Victoria, he was a farmer from 1973 to 2001, when he became a real estate agent. He held numerous local positions and was a Wannon Shire Councillor from 1987–1994, serving as President in 1991. In 2002, he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council as a Liberal member for Western Province. In 2006, Koch was elected as a member for Western Victoria Region.

References

1949 births
Living people
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Victoria
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
People from Coleraine, Victoria
21st-century Australian politicians


A discography of the Welsh rock band Man.

For a full discography see  "The Manband Archive". In July 2017 this listed 423 releases, on 75 labels, in 24 countries.

Contemporary albums
This includes studio albums and those live albums that were released contemporaneously. For live albums that were issued much later, see Archive Albums below. The 2007/2008 re-issues were completely re-mastered, and issued with bonus tracks and/or bonus CDs

Revelation LP (January 1969) Pye
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Ray Williams, Jeff Jones, Clive John
2 Ozs of Plastic with a Hole in the Middle LP (September 1969) Dawn
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Ray Williams, Jeff Jones, Clive John
Man LP (March 1971) Liberty: CD (1998) Point PNTVP117CD: CD Remix (2007) Esoteric ECLEC 2012
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, Terry Williams, Clive John
Do You Like It Here Now, Are You Settling In? LP (November 1971) United Artists:  CD Remix (2007) Esoteric ECLEC 2013
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, Terry Williams, Clive John
 Greasy Truckers Party (with other artists) LP (April 1972) UK: United Artists UDX 203/4:  CD (1997) Point PNTVP 104:  CD Re-mix (2007) EMI 0999 503235 2 4
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, Terry Williams
 Live at the Padget Rooms, Penarth  LP (September 1972) United Artists USP1000:  CD (1997) BGO CD 365:  CD Re-mix (2007) Esoteric ECLEC 2014
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, Terry Williams
Be Good to Yourself at Least Once a Day LP (November 1972) United Artists: CD (1991) BGO CD 14:  CD Remix (2007) Esoteric ECLEC 2019
Micky Jones,Will Youatt, Terry Williams, Phil Ryan, Clive John
 Christmas at the Patti (with other artists) LP (July 1973) United Artists: CD (1997) Point PNTVP110CD:  CD Re-mix (2007) Esoteric ECLEC 2018
Micky Jones, Will Youatt, Terry Williams, Phil Ryan, Clint Space (Clive John) with Dave Edmunds, Stan Pfeiffer
Back into the Future [UK chart peak 23] LP (September 1973) United Artists: CD (1993) BGO CD 211: CD Re-mix (2008) Esoteric ECLEC 2060
Micky Jones, Tweke Lewis, Will Youatt, Terry Williams, Phil Ryan
Rhinos, Winos and Lunatics [UK chart peak 24] LP (May 1974) United Artists: CD (1993) BGO CD 208:  CD Re-mix (2007) Esoteric ECLEC 2020
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Ken Whaley, Terry Williams, Malcolm Morley
Slow Motion LP (October 1974) United Artists: CD (1993) BGO CD 209: CD Re-mix (2008) Esoteric ECLEC 2062
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Ken Whaley, Terry Williams
Maximum Darkness [UK chart peak 25] LP (September 1975) United Artists: CD (1991) BGO CD 43: CD Re-mix (2008) Esoteric ECLEC 2061
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, Terry Williams, John Cipollina
The Welsh Connection [UK chart peak 40] LP (March 1976) MCA:  CD (2003) Point PNTVP102CD
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, John McKenzie, Terry Williams, Phil Ryan
All's Well That Ends Well LP (November 1977) MCA MCF2815: CD (1998) Point EAMCD 068
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, John McKenzie, Terry Williams, Phil Ryan
Friday 13th (January 1984) CD (June 2001) Point PNTVP106CD
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, John Weathers
The Twang Dynasty (November 1992) Road Goes On Forever: CD (1997) Point PNTVP113CD
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, John Weathers
Call Down the Moon CD (May 1995) Hypertension HYCD 200 154
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, John Weathers
1998 at the Star Club CD (1998) LC5768/LD5768
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, Bob Richards, Phil Ryan
Endangered Species CD (June 2000) Evangeline GEL 4001
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, Bob Richards, Phil Ryan
Down Town Live (2002) Altrichter Music AM 310559
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, Bob Richards
Undrugged (May 2002) Point PNTVP 121CD
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, Terry Williams/Bob Richards, Gareth Llewellyn Thorrington
Diamonds and Coal (November 2006) Point PNTVP 134 CD
George Jones, Josh Ace, Martin Ace, Bob Richards, Gareth Llewellyn Thorrington
Kingdom of Noise (June 2009) Point PNTVP 135 CD
Josh Ace, James Beck, Martin Ace, Rene Robrahn, Phil Ryan
Reanimated Memories (February 2015) Cherry Red EANTCD1046
Josh Ace, James Beck, Martin Ace, Rene Robrahn, Phil Ryan
Anachronism Tango (October 2019) Point PNTGZ109 CD
Josh Ace, James Beck, Martin Ace, Rene Robrahn

Archive albums
These Man albums were compiled and released retrospectively from previously un-issued archive tapes.
Some were issued as bootlegs, before being "ripped-off" by the band and issued "officially"

Greasy Truckers Party (Recorded 1972) CD (1997) Point PNTVP104CD
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, Terry Williams (the 2 Man tracks from the various artists "Greasy Truckers Party")
To Live For To Die (Recorded 1970) CD issued as "The Honest One" (1992) CD (1997) Point PNTVP108CD
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, Terry Williams, Clive John
Live At The Rainbow 1972 CD (1998) Point EAMCD060
Micky Jones, Clive John, Will Youatt, Terry Williams, Phil Ryan
The 1999 Party Tour (Recorded 1974) CD (1998) Point EAMCD069
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Malcolm Morley, Ken Whaley, Terry Williams (Morley is credited in the booklet, but not on the back cover)
Live In London 1975 CD (1998) Eagle Records EAMCD061
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Ken Whaley, Terry Williams
Live At Reading '83 (Recorded 1983) CD (1993) Raw Fruit FRSCD 010
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, John Weathers
The Official Bootleg (Recorded 1994) CD (June 2001) Point PNTVP109CD
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, John Weathers
Live at Crosskeys Institute 25th May 1984: Official Bootleg Series, Vol 1 CD - Effigy Music
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, Martin Ace, John Weathers
Live at the Keystone Berkeley, 9th August 1976: Official Bootleg Series, Vol 2 Double CD - Effigy Music
Micky Jones, Deke Leonard, John McKenzie, Terry Williams, Phil Ryan + John Cippolina on 4 tracks
Live at Hebden Bridge Trades Club 11th December 2004: Official Bootleg Series, Vol 3 CD - Effigy Music
Micky Jones, George Jones, Martin Ace, Bob Richards, Gareth Thorrington

Compilation albums
Golden Hour Of Man Golden Hour Records LP (1973)
Album on the Pye Golden Hour series: tracks from Revelation and 2 Ozs of Plastic with a Hole in the Middle
Green Fly Cherry Red Records LP (1986) D Late 1
Double LP with 11 Tracks from Be Good to Yourself..., Back into the Future, Rhinos, Winos and Lunatics, Slow Motion, and Maximum Darkness
Perfect Timing - The U.A. Years EMI LP (1991) 7 96542 1 CD (1991) CDP 7 96542 2 / CDEMS 1403
12 Tracks (11 studio & 1 live) from Man, Do You Like It Here Now..., Be Good to Yourself..., Back into the Future, Rhinos, Winos and Lunatics, Slow Motion, and Maximum Darkness
The Dawn Of Man CD (1997) Recall SMD CD 124
All of Revelation and 2 Ozs of Plastic with a Hole in the Middle plus the bonus singles
The Definitive Collection CD (1998) Castle CCSCD 832
All of Revelation and 2 Ozs of Plastic with a Hole in the Middle plus the Bystanders singles
3 Decades Of Man CD (2000) Point EAMCD099
From:- Do You Like It …? 1999 Party, Live In London, Welsh Connection, All’s Well…, Friday 13th, Twang Dynasty, and Live Official Bootleg
Rare Man CD (June 2001) Point PNTVP120CD
Singles, cassette-only tracks, Out-takes etc.
Man Alive CD (2003) Snapper Music SMDCD 478
From:- Greasy Truckers, Rainbow 1972, 1999 Party, BBC In Concert, All’s Well…, Friday 13th, and Glastonbury 1994
And In The Beginning (The Complete Early Man 1968-69) Double CD (December 2004) Castle Music CCDCD 921
All of Revelation and 2 Ozs of Plastic with a Hole in the Middle, the Pye singles, and 2 unreleased tracks from the 2 Ozs... session
Keep On Crinting (The Liberty/UA Years Anthology 1971-1975) Double CD (2006) EMI 94636066028
Album selections from Man through Slow Motion, plus live version of "The Storm" and the single "I'm Dreaming"
Sixty Minutes With Man CD (April 2007) Voiceprint VP6001CD
From:- Man, Do You Like It...?, Twang Dynasty, Call Down The Moon, "Diamonds & Coal & Bananas" single

Tribute album
Man We're Glad We Know You (2000) Pete Gifford Records PGRSCD

References

Discographies of British artists
Rock music group discographies


Four Courts Press is an independent Irish academic publishing house, with its office at Malpas Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.

Founded in 1970 by Michael Adams, who died in February 2009, its early publications were primarily theological, notably the English translation of the Navarre Bible. From 1992 it expanded into publishing peer-reviewed works in Celtic Studies, Medieval Studies and Ecclesiastical History, and then into Modern History, Art, Literature and Law. As of late 2020, Four Courts Press had around 500 titles in print and publishing around 50 new works each year.

References

Companies based in Dublin (city)
Publishing companies established in 1970
Publishing companies of Ireland


Since the 1970s, China's People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) has had ambitions to develop and operate aircraft carriers, and since 1985 has acquired four retired aircraft carriers for study; namely, the British-built Australian  and the ex-Soviet carriers ,  and . The Varyag later underwent an extensive refit to be converted into the Liaoning, China's first operational aircraft carrier, which also served as a basis for China's subsequent design iterations.

, the PLAN has two combat-ready aircraft carriers, the  and , with the third, , being fitted out. Wang Yunfei, a retired PLA Navy officer and other naval experts projected that China may possess five or six aircraft carriers by the 2030s.

History

Early ambitions
Since the 1970s, the PLAN has expressed interest in operating an aircraft carrier as part of its blue water aspirations.

To prepare the commanders needed for the future aircraft carriers, the Central Military Commission approved the program of training jet fighter pilots to be future captains in May 1987, and the Guangzhou Naval Academy was selected as the site.

Acquisition of HMAS Melbourne
China acquired the Royal Australian Navy's decommissioned aircraft carrier  in February 1985, when it was sold to the China United Shipbuilding Company to be towed to China and broken up for scrap. Prior to the ship's departure for China, the RAN stripped Melbourne of all electronic equipment and weapons, and welded her rudders into a fixed position so that she could not be reactivated. However, her steam catapult, arresting equipment and mirror landing system were not removed. At this time, few western experts expected that the Chinese government would attempt to develop aircraft carriers in the future. Melbourne finally arrived in China on 13 June.

The ship was not scrapped immediately; instead she was studied by Chinese naval architects and engineers. It is unclear whether the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) orchestrated the acquisition of Melbourne or simply took advantage of the situation; Rear Admiral Zhang Zhaozhong, a staff member at the National Defence College, has stated that the Navy was unaware of the purchase until Melbourne first arrived at Guangzhou. Melbourne was the largest warship any of the Chinese experts had seen, and they were surprised by the amount of equipment which was still in place. The PLAN subsequently arranged for the ship's flight deck and all the equipment associated with flying operations to be removed so that they could be studied in depth. Reports have circulated that either a replica of the flight deck, or the deck itself, was used for training of People's Liberation Army Navy pilots in carrier flight operations.

Chinese engineers reverse-engineered a land-based replica of the steam catapult and landing system from that of , and a J-8IIG was used to conduct take-off and landing trials on the land-based flight deck in April 1987, which was not finally confirmed officially until 27 years later in April 2014 by CCTV-13. Both the take-off and landing were conducted on the same day, and the test pilot was PLANAF pilot Li Guoqiang. The experience gained would be later applied to the development of the Shenyang J-15.

It has also been claimed that the Royal Australian Navy received and "politely rejected" a request from the PLAN for blueprints of the ship's steam catapult. The carrier was not dismantled for many years; according to some rumours she was not completely broken up until 2002.

Other acquisition attempts
China also negotiated with Spain in an effort purchase the blueprints for proposed conventional take off/landing ships from Empresa Nacional Bazán, specifically 23,000-ton SAC-200 and 25,000-ton SAC-220 designs. Negotiations started between 1995 and 1996 but did not result in any purchase. However, the Spanish firm was paid several million US dollars in consulting fees, indicating the probable transfer of some design concepts.

China acquired the former Soviet s  in 1995 and  in 2000. Minsk, along with its sister ship , were initially sold to South Korea in 1995 to be scrapped, but due to objections from environmentalists, Minsk was resold to China in 1998 to be broken up there instead. Kiev, likewise, was sold to China in 2000 by Russia with a contractual requirement for it to be scrapped. However, neither ship was dismantled and both were instead converted into tourist attractions, with Minsk turned into a theme park and Kiev a luxury hotel.

In 1997, China attempted to purchase the retired French aircraft carrier , but negotiations between China and France failed.

Liaoning (Type 001)

The 67,500 ton ex-Soviet aircraft carrier Varyag (), which was only 68% completed and floating in Ukraine, was purchased through a private Macau tourist venture in 1998. Following her troublesome tow to Dalian shipyard, the carrier underwent a long refit. Varyag had been stripped of any military equipment as well as her propulsion systems prior to being put up for sale. In 2007 there were news reports that she was being fitted-out to enter service.

In 2011, People's Liberation Army Chief of the General Staff Chen Bingde confirmed that China was constructing at least one aircraft carrier. On 10 August 2011, it was announced that the refurbishment of Varyag was complete, and that it was undergoing sea trials.

On 14 December 2011, DigitalGlobe, an American Satellite imaging company, announced that while scouring through pictures taken 8 December, it had discovered the retrofitted Varyag undergoing trials, DigitalGlobe further stated that their images captured the ship in the Yellow Sea where it operated for 5 days.

In September 2012, it was announced that this carrier would be named Liaoning, after Liaoning Province of China. In September 2012, China's first aircraft carrier, Liaoning, was commissioned. On 23 September 2012, Liaoning was handed over to the People's Liberation Army Navy, but was not yet in active service.

In November 2012, the first landing was successfully conducted on Liaoning with Shenyang J-15.

Four years later, in November 2016, it was reported that Liaoning was combat ready. China has confirmed that it is constructing a second carrier that will be built entirely with indigenous Chinese designs. Similar to Liaoning, China's second carrier will also use a ski jump for takeoff.

Current status
In mid-2007, Chinese domestic sources revealed that China had purchased a total of four sets of aircraft carrier landing systems from Russia and this was confirmed by Russian manufacturers. However, experts disagreed on the usage of these systems: while some have claimed that it is a clear evidence of the construction of an aircraft carrier, others claim these systems are used to train pilots for a future ship. Reports initially claimed that up to two carriers based on the Varyag would be started by 2015.

According to the Nippon News Network (NNN), research and development on the planned carriers is being carried out at a military research facility in Wuhan.  NNN states that the actual carriers will be constructed at Jiangnan Shipyard in Shanghai.  Kanwa Intelligence Review reports that the second carrier to be constructed will likely be assigned to Qingdao.

According to a February 2011 report in The Daily Telegraph, the Chinese military has constructed a concrete aircraft carrier flight deck to use for training carrier pilots and carrier operations personnel.  The deck was constructed on top of a government building near Wuhan (Wuhan Technical College of Communication campus next to Huangjiahu). On 7 June 2011, People's Liberation Army Chief of the General Staff Chen Bingde confirmed that China was constructing its own aircraft carrier. He stated he would provide no further details until it was complete.

On 30 July 2011, a senior researcher of the Academy of Military Sciences said China needed at least three aircraft carriers. "If we consider our neighbours, India will have three aircraft carriers by 2014 and Japan will have three carriers by 2014, so I think the number (for China) should not be less than three so we can defend our rights and our maritime interests effectively." General Luo Yuan. In July 2011, a Chinese official announced that two aircraft carriers were being built at the Jiangnan Shipyard in Shanghai. On 21 May 2012, Taiwan's intelligence chief Tsai Teh-sheng told the Legislative Yuan that the PLA Navy plans to build two carriers, scheduled to start construction in 2013 and 2015 and launch in 2020 and 2022 respectively. The price of the two vessels is estimated to be worth US$9 Billion dollars. On 24 April 2013, Chinese Rear Admiral Song Xue confirmed that China will build more carriers and these will be larger and will carry more fighter-planes than Liaoning.

Shandong (Type 002)

The Type 002, or Shandong, is China's first domestically produced aircraft carrier. Construction began in November 2013 and the ship was launched on 26 April 2017. After being fitted out, China's first homemade aircraft carrier underwent nine sea trials over the course of 18 months, starting from May 2018. The ship was formally commissioned into service on 19 December 2019 as the Shandong, with pennant number "17".

The 002 is a conventionally powered ski jump carrier with a displacement of around 70,000 tonnes. The ship is derived from the Liaoning. It uses conventional steam turbines with diesel generators as propulsion.  The Shandong is a significant improvement over the Soviet-built Liaoning. For example, the Shandong carrier's ski-jump has an angle of 12.0°, an angle ideal for launching the Shenyang J-15 fighter, instead of the 14.0° on the Liaoning.  Together with the enlarged hangar, the island (which has been made smaller by 10%), and extended on sponsons in the aft-starboard quarter, space has been freed up allowing for up to eight more aircraft and helicopters to be carried.  The island includes a second glazed deck which permits the bridge and flight control areas to be separate, creating greater operational efficiency.  It also features a faceted upper area of four active electronically scanned arrays (AESAs) for the S-band Type 346 radar.

Fujian (Type 003)

The third aircraft carrier, known as Fujian, is an entirely different design than Liaoning and Shandong. It is the largest of China's current fleet. The Type 003 will have a displacement of around 85,000 to 100,000 tonnes and be slightly smaller in size than the US Navy's Ford Class ships.

In 2015, media reports stated that both an electromagnetic catapult and a steam-powered catapult were constructed at the Huangdicun naval base for testing; this is thought to indicate that the Type 003 class as well as future PLAN carriers could possibly be CATOBAR carriers.

The construction of the first Type 003 class aircraft carrier started in February 2017. Satellite observation at the Jiangnan Shipyard in Shanghai only shows one carrier of this type under construction.

It was reported in early 2021 that the first ship would be launched in the same year, with construction already started on a second ship in this class. On 10 November 2021, Bloomberg reported that "China is three to six months away from launching its third aircraft carrier", citing a report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies. On June 17, 2022, the Type 003, now named Fujian was officially completed and launched.

Type 004

The Type 004 is planned to be larger than the Type 003, and also feature nuclear propulsion, which could power weapons like lasers and railguns. It is claimed that construction started in December 2017 at Jiangnan Shipyard.

Development of carrier-based aircraft
China initially intended to acquire Russian Sukhoi Su-33 carrier-based aircraft to be operated from its aircraft carriers.  However, China later developed the Shenyang J-15 as a derivative of the Su-33, featuring Chinese technology and avionics from the J-11B program.  On 25 November 2012, it was announced that at least two Shenyang J-15s had successfully landed on Liaoning.  The pilot credited with having achieved the first landing was Dai Mingmeng. According to Chinese media reports, the J-15 cannot take off from Liaoning with a full fuel and munition load, being unable to get off the carrier's ski jump-ramp if the payload exceeds . In a follow-up review by Rick Joe of the Diplomat in 2021, he argued that the source of this Chinese media was unreliable and proved that the J-15 was able to take off with MTOW when the speed of the carrier was taken into calculation.

The Shenyang FC-31 is an in-development medium-sized fifth-generation stealth fighter that may in future be adopted for carrier use.  The South China Morning Post reported on 6 July 2018 that China is developing an upgraded variant of the FC-31 as an alternate carrier operational jet.

The Xi'an KJ-600 is an in-development high-straight wing AEW&C aircraft suspected to be fitted with an AESA-type radome system, and current non-flying mock-up model has a striking external resemblance to the aftward-folding Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye, a carrier-based AEW&C aircraft serving the United States Navy. The design is likely to be a case of form following function, as the cancelled Soviet Yak-44 shared the same layout. Rick Joe, who writes extensively on Chinese aviation and naval developments for The Diplomat', commented that "fixed-wing carrier-borne AEW&C are a vital and essential part to any navy that seeks to field a robust and capable carrier airwing, and their ability to enhance a carrier group's offensive and defensive capabilities and overall situational awareness and network-centric warfare is unmatched by any other platform type that will exist in the near future." Analysts H. I. Sutton believed the KJ-600 will be a massive boost to the Chinese Navy, and "once it enters service on the carriers, it will greatly enhance the aerial and maritime situational awareness, and the offensive and defensive capabilities of the carrier group", and that "Chinese aerospace and military industry has certainly shown its ability to develop quite modern and capable AEW&C systems for other air, naval and ground applications".

List of carriers

See also

List of aircraft carriers in service
DF-21D – Chinese anti-ship ballistic missile

References

External links
 China / Aircraft Carrier Project, GlobalSecurity.org
 Rick Joe, A Mid-2019 Guide to Chinese Aircraft Carriers: What is the future trajectory of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy carrier program?, "The Diplomat," 18 June 2019. Varying use of "“001A” and “002” designations

Proposed aircraft carriers
Projects established in 2015
2015 in China


A glossectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the tongue. It is performed in order to curtail malignant growth such as oral cancer. Often only a portion of the tongue needs to be removed, in which case the procedure is called a partial removal, or hemiglossectomy.  A midline glossectomy is a surgical reduction of the size of the base of the tongue (posterior tongue), sometimes used to treat sleep apnea.

See also
 List of surgeries by type

References

Surgical removal procedures
Tongue surgery


Second line may refer to:
Second Line (album), a 2021 album by American singer-songwriter Dawn Richard.
Second line (ice hockey), an offensive unit generally composed of second-tier players
Second line (parades), a tradition in brass band parades in New Orleans, Louisiana, as well as an associated traditional dance style
Second Line (shipping line), a shipping line also known as Robert Kermits Red Star Line or New Line
The Second Line, an American jazz magazine

See also
 Line 2 (disambiguation), several transit lines
Second Avenue Line (disambiguation)


The Samsung SGH-i907, marketed as the Samsung Epix in the United States by AT&T Wireless, is a Windows Mobile-based quad-band GSM smartphone manufactured by Samsung.

Features
The device has a candy bar form factor and a 320×320 resistive touchscreen. A QWERTY keyboard with the numeric keys overlaid on keys in the third to fifth column of the keyboard, an optical trackpad, and the touchscreen are used for input. The trackpad has two modes of operation: in one mode, it acts as a mouse (with a mouse cursor displayed on the screen), and in the other, it acts as an 8-directional D-pad.

The phone features 150 MB of internal storage, but its storage capacity can be expanded via microSDHC cards up to 32GB.

Software
The phone comes with Pocket Internet Explorer and Windows Media Player, and includes Microsoft Office Mobile, with mobile versions of Microsoft Word, Excel, Pocket Outlook, OneNote Mobile, and PowerPoint Mobile. Additional programs can be added through Microsoft ActiveSync, or the AT&T Mall.

ActiveSync functionality prescribes that the computer be equipped with ActiveSync 4.5 or newer. The earliest operating systems on which ActiveSync 4.5 can be installed, are Windows NT Workstation 4.0 SP6 (or later) and Windows Me, requiring Internet Explorer 6 to be present in either case. On Windows Vista, connectivity is also possible with Windows Mobile Device Center for Windows Vista.

Text messages can be spell-checked.

Issues
A fair number of users report a "SLOG DUMP" error message appearing on the screen, after which the phone exhibited various issues such as the phone being unable to receive calls or freezing. In many cases, such problems can be corrected by rebooting the device or removing the battery. The phone also stops playing all audio at times, and the touchscreen may also stop responding. If a standard reboot or battery removal does not fix the problem, the phone can be started in "format mode" for a more complete reboot.

Samsung released an ID1 update addressing many of the issues reported by users, but users report that the update actually made things worse, introducing things such as a dialing lag or all incoming calls going straight to voicemail.

Windows Mobile 6.5
Samsung has released an official upgrade to Windows Mobile 6.5 for the Epix, in June 2010. Users have had success installing unofficial Windows Mobile 6.5 on the Epix for the last year, although it currently has various issues such as artifacts appearing around the mouse pointer. The official release fixes most of the problems in the unofficial ROM, including the mouse pointer, GPS issues, speed, and battery life.

Specifications
Specifications from the Samsung website:

 Processor: Marvell PXA310 624 MHz
 Screen size: 2.5 inches
 Dimensions: 4.56 x 2.41 x 0.51 inches
 Weight: 4.4 ounces
 Operating System: Windows Mobile Professional 6.1/6.5
 RAM: 150 MB
 ROM: 256 MB
 Expandable storage: microSD slot, supports up to 32 GB microSDHC cards
 Screen: 320 x 320 pixels, 65K colors, resistive touchscreen
 Input method: touchscreen, QWERTY keypad, and optical trackpad
 Frequency bands: Quad-band GSM (850, 900, 1800, and 1900 MHz), tri-band HSDPA
 Data connection: 3G (UMTS and HSDPA) and 2G (EDGE and GPRS)
aGPS on-board
Wi-Fi capable: IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g
 Bluetooth 2.0
 2.0 megapixel camera that can take still photos and videos
 Multiple resolutions: 1600 x 1200, 640 x 480, 320 x 240, and 176 x 144
 4X digital zoom
 Self timer
 Multi-shot
 Brightness level adjustment
 Mosaic Shooting Mode
 No flash
 Supported video formats: MPEG4, H.263, WMV, 3GP
 Supported audio formats: MP3, WAV, AAC, AAC+, eAAC+
 Battery: Removable 3.7 Volt Lithium-ion, 1800 mAh, up to 7 hours of talk time and up to 14 days of standby

References

External links
 Official Samsung Epix site
 Samsung Epix user manual (AT&T)
 Reviews:  PocketNow, MobileTechReview, WMExperts
 Resources:  MySamsungEpix.com
CareAce -Samsung Epix support

Samsung mobile phones
Mobile phones introduced in 2008
Mobile phones with an integrated hardware keyboard


The Windy Point/Windy Flats project, located in Goldendale, Washington, is the largest wind farm in Washington State. The  wind farm spans  along the Columbia River ridgeline and has a capacity of 500 megawatts (MW).

Construction of 400 of the 500 MW was completed by the end of 2009. Cannon Power Group, the project developer, constructed the 400 MW in two phases within 18 months—Phase I (137 MW) and Phase II (262 MW).

Location

The Windy Point/Windy Flats project is located in Goldendale, Washington, along the Columbia River some  east of Portland, Oregon,  south of Yakima, Washington, and  west of the Tri-Cities.  The terrain is generally rolling with an elevation of  at the airport.

Partners

The Maryhill Museum of Art has entered into an agreement with Cannon Power Group to site 15 wind turbines on the eastern end of the museum's  in SW Washington State.  According to the American Wind Energy Association, this is believed to be the first wind energy project in the United States to generate revenues for a nonprofit museum. The relationship is now positioned to generate more than $100,000 in revenue for the museum each year.

See also

 List of power stations in Washington
 Wind power in Washington (state)
 List of wind farms in the United States

Wind farms in Washington (state)