Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC, or Van der Knaap disease) is a form of hereditary CNS demyelinating disease.  It belongs to a group of disorders called leukodystrophies. It is characterized by early-onset enlargement of the head (macrocephaly) as well as delayed-onset neurological deterioration to include spasticity, epilepsy, and lack of muscular coordination. MLC does not appear to be a disease that is fatal at birth or early in life despite its symptoms, although the number of patients throughout history known to have the disease is fairly limited.

It belongs to a group of disorders called leukodystrophies. A series of cases with megalencephalic leukodystrophy were described by the Indian neurologist Bhim Sen Singhal (1933-) in 1991. However, it is sometimes referred to as Van der Knaap disease after the Dutch neurologist Marjo van der Knaap who described another series of cases with clinical and radiological features in 1995.

There are three types of Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy distinguished by the affected gene: Type 1 caused by autosomal recessive mutations on the MLC1 gene, Type 2A an autosomal recessive mutation on the HEPACAM gene, and Type 2B an autosomal dominant mutation on the HEPACAM gene.

Signs and Symptoms
 Head
 Macrocephaly
 The disease is characterized by megalencephaly, the enlargement of the brain, which is followed by an increase in the size of the actual head.
 Central Nervous System
 Megalencephaly
 The M in MLC stands for “megalencephaly”, the enlargement of the brain
 Ataxia
 Slow, progressive and early-onset cerebellar ataxia has been noted in many patients
 Spasticity
 Patients with MLC often have muscle spasms
 Seizures
 Delay in motor development
  Mild mental retardation
 Diffuse swelling of cerebral white matter
  Large subcortical cysts in frontal and temporal lobes
 Patients develop cysts on the tips of the temporal and subcortical area
 Diffuse spongiform leukoencephalopathy
 Vacuolizing myelinopathy
 The protective myelin sheath on neurons pulls away from their cells forming small holes in nerve fibers – in turn affecting coordination and walking ability.

Genetics
It is associated with MLC1. The MLC1 gene is located in chromosome 22q13.33 and is in the genomic coordinates 22:50,059,390 – 50,085874. The gene contains 12 exons and that contain a start codon in exon 2 and an untranslated region in the 3’ end. The MLC1 gene product is a 377 amino acid protein highly expressed in the brain. The disease is caused by a homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the gene, MLC1. Previous research indicates that deficiency of cell surface protein expression of the MLC1 gene is the basis for the disorder. The mutant protein is expressed in intracellular compartments reducing the membrane surface expression when compared to the wild type.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts is made with a combination of physical and clinical evaluations. The presence of frontal and temporal subcortical cysts is the main factor when diagnosing a patient with this disease. In the late stages of the disease, patients have been noted to develop impaired coordination, overresponsive reflexes, and even seizures. MRI testing is used to study and diagnose patients with this disease. A study conducted on four patients with this disease yielded similar MRI results despite their slightly differing symptoms. Genetic testing can show whether or not the individual has a mutation in the MLC1 gene, which accounts for 75% of all cases.

Management
There currently is not a known cure for this disease. However, there are treatment options to mitigate the effects of symptoms that come with this disease. The drug Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant drug commonly used to treat seizures and nerve pain. A case with a five-year-old girl indicated the ability of this drug to reduce the effects of seizures linked to this disease.

Epidemiology
Most of the cases were studied in Turkish families who were part of consanguineous marriages (marrying relatives or the "same blood"). Nonetheless, Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts does not show genetic heterogeneity which means that there are no mutations in other loci expressing similar phenotypes.

History
A series of cases with megalencephalic leukodystrophy were described by the Indian neurologist Bhim Sen Singhal (1933-)in 1991. However, it is sometimes referred to as Van der Knaap disease after the Dutch neurologist Marjo van der Knaap who described another series of cases with clinical and radiological features in 1995.

References

External links

 GeneReview/NIH/UW entry on Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy with Subcortical Cysts

Demyelinating diseases of CNS
Genetic disorders with known gene but no known gene function


Vitaliy Parakhnevych (born 4 May 1969) is a Tajikistani retired footballer who played as a forward. He also held Ukrainian citizenship before 1996.

Career
In August 1997, the Tajikistan national team was to take 16 players to South Korea to face the South Korea national team, but due to missing passports, only 12 players traveled. As a result, the Tajikistan Football Federation called upon Parakhnevych and Valeri Sarychev who were currently playing in the Korean K League.

Career statistics

References

External links

1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Donetsk
Tajikistani people of Ukrainian descent
Men's association football forwards
Ukrainian men's footballers
Ukrainian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in South Korea
Tajikistani men's footballers
Tajikistan men's international footballers
Tajikistani expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Expatriate men's footballers in Ukraine
FC Chornomorets Odesa players
FC Lokomotiv Moscow players
FC Naftovyk Okhtyrka players
FC Nyva Ternopil players
Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors players
Suwon Samsung Bluewings players
Shonan Bellmare players
FC Seoul players
Jeju United FC players
Ukrainian Premier League players
Russian Premier League players
K League 1 players
J2 League players
Soviet men's footballers
FC Tighina players
FC Chornomorets-2 Odesa players
FC Odesa players


Edith Cowan College (ECC), previously known as Perth Institute of Business and Technology, is an Australian tertiary education provider in Perth, Western Australia and is accredited by Government under the Higher Education Act 2004 to provide a range of higher education courses. Edith Cowan College has been in partnership with Edith Cowan University (ECU) since 1994. Since then over 9,000 students have successfully transitioned into Edith Cowan University.

History
ECC is the founding college of the Navitas Group, and the largest group of Higher Education colleges in Australia. Navitas has colleges in most state capitals plus sister colleges in London, Africa and Canada.  Since 1994 ECC and Edith Cowan University have worked together to provide pathway programs to university in Australia.

ECC is located on ECU’s Mount Lawley and Joondalup campuses. The Joondalup campus is 25 km from Perth.

Academic programs
ECC provides diploma pathway programs in the areas of commerce, hotel management, communications and creative industries, computer/IT science, engineering studies, and health studies including nursing, which lead into the 2nd year of the respective degree courses at Edith Cowan University. A three-semester system allows students to complete most courses in eight months.

ECC also offers English language courses for people from non-English speaking countries and direct entry pathways for international students wishing to undertake university study.  ECC offers the academic English program at all levels from beginner to advanced.

References

External links

Education in Perth, Western Australia
Business education
Business schools in Australia


Samson Joseph Martin (born August 21, 1965) is a former professional American football player who last played with the Indianapolis Colts in the National Football League (NFL) in 1991. He played wide receiver professionally. His one career touchdown as a wide receiver came on a 19-yard pass from Steve Grogan on October 28, 1990.
His best season came in 1989 when he caught 13 passes for 229 yards. He also contributed on punt and kickoff returns.

The ,  running back from Louisiana State University was selected by the New England Patriots with the 97th pick in the 1988 NFL Draft.

References

External links
Profile, patriots.com; accessed June 14, 2017.

1965 births
Living people
People from Gretna, Louisiana
Players of American football from Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
De La Salle High School (New Orleans, Louisiana) alumni
LSU Tigers football players
New England Patriots players
Indianapolis Colts players


Locust Grove is a historic house located between Dillwyn and Cumberland, Virginia, constructed before 1794.  It is remembered for its connection to the Revolutionary soldier Peter Francisco, and as the Peter Francisco House it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1972.

Description
Locust Grove is a -story single-pile house; it is covered by a gable roof, with two shed dormers on each slope.  A box cornice forms a base for the roof.  There are two chimneys on the building's exterior, one on either end.  The eastern of the two is of Flemish bond, and is original; the western, of American bond, appears to be a replacement dating to the time when a one-story wing was added onto the house.  This wing is now gone, but the foundation of its chimney remains; a small garden has been platted on the site.  The foundation of the structure is of English bond, and there is a full basement.  At the time of the house's National Register nomination, most of the original window frames, complete with their original sills, remained, as did a good deal of beaded siding.  The house's woodwork is of heart pine, and it is joined with wooden pegs and nails.

Inside, the house was divided into two principal rooms per floor, with a central hallway for the stairs.  Few original fittings survive; the mantels and wainscoting were removed, as were some floorboards from the second floor.  Part of the first-level floor had fallen in.  Portions of the stairway survived, as did the north-exterior door.  The walls were once plastered, but much of the covering has disintegrated over time.

Locust Grove had deteriorated severely by the time it was surveyed for the National Register of Historic Places, to the point that it was marked as "Deteriorated" on the nomination form.  Most of the framing survived, revealing the underlying structure of the house; however, many interior and exterior trappings had disappeared.  In recent years, a great deal of restoration work has been performed on the structure, and it is once again in habitable condition.

Location
Locust Grove is located almost a mile off of Virginia Route 626 near Buckingham County's border with Cumberland County.  It sits on farm and scrub land at the end of a long dirt road, and is approached from the north.  The building itself stands on the edge of a hill facing Payne Creek.  It is highly isolated from the surrounding community.  When it was built, the house was aligned with the Old Coach Road which once ran between Richmond and Appomattox; archaeological evidence of the roadbed has been uncovered not far from the property.

History

Little is known about the early history of Locust Grove.  It was evidently constructed sometime before 1794, as Francisco took up residence in the house in that year, living there until the mid-1820s (one source states that he took possession in 1785, while another  suggests, on the basis of style, a date between 1790 and 1810).  Francisco himself had local ties, having grown up at Hunting Towers, the nearby estate of Patrick Henry's uncle Judge Anthony Winston.  It is unknown how he came to own the land upon which Locust Grove sits; family tradition holds that he received it from local planter James Anderson, who had been the father of his first wife, Susannah.  In any event, he lived there with his second wife, Catherine Brooke, with whom he raised four children.  She died in 1821; two years later he married again, this time to a widowed niece of Governor Edmund Randolph.  She persuaded him to leave the countryside for a more comfortable life in Richmond, where he worked as the Serjeant-at-Arms of the Senate of Virginia, and in which city he remained until his death.

Few records have survived from Francisco's time at Locust Grove.  The little information that remains suggests that the farm was typical of those found around Virginia at the turn of the nineteenth century.  A personal property tax inventory taken in 1815 indicates the presence in the household of seven slaves over twelve years old and one between nine and twelve, as well as six horses and twelve head of cattle.  No carriage, watch, clock, or mahogany furniture was found, but the house's occupants were taxed for a mirror with gilded frame, two goblets made of cut glass, three pictures, and an unknown number of small gilt frames.  This record indicates that, while Francisco was not among the Virginia gentry, he was most probably among the better-off residents of the county at the time.

Peter Francisco died in 1831; after him, the next recorded tenant of Locust Grove was one Robert Rives, who owned it for a brief time in 1845.  From him it passed on to John S. Coleman, who lived there until 1906.  Abner Spencer then took ownership, living there until sometime after 1932.  The Society of the Descendants of Peter Francisco took charge of the land beginning in the early 1970s, leasing it from its owners at the rate of one dollar a year.  The intent was to restore the house and turn it into a museum and shrine dedicated to Francisco's memory; while the restoration was completed, due in part to matching funds granted by the United States government upon conferral of the National Register listing, the museum was never created, and the house reverted to private ownership.  Today Locust Grove is owned by a couple from Richmond who use it as a second home.

A collection of papers related to the history of Locust Grove is part of the archive of the Society of the Descendants of Peter Francisco held at the Library of Virginia.

1987 archaeological dig
As part of the restoration work done on Locust Grove in the late 1980s, students from Longwood College visited the home and grounds and conducted an archaeological dig which covered various portions of the property.  Excavations were conducted at five points around the site, and a number of discoveries were made.  Chief among these was the grave of an infant discovered in the corner of the former kitchen garden near the house.  Oral tradition states that Francisco had a daughter who died in infancy sometime in the 1820s, and who was buried in the garden.  There are no formal records either of such a burial or of the birth of the child; however, the discovery of the grave lends greater credence to the story.  Also found on the grounds of the house were the remains of the foundation of a tobacco barn, known to have burned in 1826, as well as some bits of ash and a large collection of nails and nail fragments.  Excavations on and around the property also turned up the foundation and cellar of an old ice house, later used as a midden; the foundation of another small building, whose purpose remains uncertain; and a small spring associated through oral tradition with Peter Francisco.  Numerous beams and door and window frames original to the house were found and replaced during the restoration and excavation; the originals were set aside in the basement for further study.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Buckingham County, Virginia

Notes

References

Houses completed in the 18th century
Houses in Buckingham County, Virginia
Central-passage houses
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Buckingham County, Virginia


Nattiqtuut formerly the Entry Islands are an island group located in Coronation Gulf, south of Victoria Island, west of Kiillinnguyaq, in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. Other island groups in the vicinity include the Porden Islands, Triple Islands, and Ungiiviit.

References

Islands of Coronation Gulf
Uninhabited islands of Kitikmeot Region


Gatewood House is a historic plantation house in Eatonton, Georgia that is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. It was built sometime during 1805-1812 while the property was owned by a John Keating. As of 1975, the house remained unaltered from its original construction. It is significant for its "refined yet simple" architecture, unusual and hence more important given its era.

Owners include:
pre-1812 John Keating built it, sold it for $1200 to James O'Neal
James O'Neal made the property into a successful cotton plantation, sold it for $1900 in 1820
Z. Weddington, sold it for $1400
William Walker owned it
James Jackson sold the house and its  for $1200 to Mrs. Francis M. Gatewood
Mrs. Francis M. Gatewood, whose family kept it into the 1920s
U.S. government purchased it
H. Grady West purchased it with  in 1930s
Mr. and Mrs. John Copeland, owners in 1975, purchased it not long before then

Reportedly the hand of Ann E. Gatewood was sought by William H. Seward (later U.S. Secretary of State).

Turnwold Plantation where Joel Chandler Harris lived and wrote, is nearby.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
Houses completed in 1805
Houses in Putnam County, Georgia
1805 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
National Register of Historic Places in Putnam County, Georgia
Plantations in Georgia (U.S. state)


Matsapha is a town in central Eswatini. The Matsapha urban boundary is defined in the Urban Government Act of 1969, as amended in 2012, and covers an area of approximately . Matsapha was established as an industrial park in 1965 and was officially gazetted as an urban area in 1969. Matsapha is located in the Upper Middleveld of Eswatini in the Manzini region, which is in the centre of the country. Matsapha is  from the city of Manzini, the country's commercial capital, and  from Mbabane, the administrative capital of the country. It is well located as it is on Eswatini's main east–west axis between South Africa and Mozambique,  from the junction of the Lavumisa road that leads to Durban and KwaZulu Natal. It lies at an altitude of  above sea level.

Transport
Matsapha is served by a railway station on the Goba railway, which connects to the city of Siphofaneni to the east.

Matsapha is also home to the Matsapha International Airport.

Bethany
Bethany is a neighbourhood a few kilometres to the west of Matsapha. A memorial to Swazi soldiers who served in World War II was constructed near the mission there. The memorial records the names of 53 Swazi soldiers who died after returning to their home country, as well as those of 24 Swazi soldiers who died in Egypt. All Swazi soldiers not mentioned by name elsewhere are commemorated on the memorial's plaque, written in Siswati.

References

External links
 Swaziland Civil Aviation Authority
 Matsapha Municipal Council

Populated places in Eswatini


Balcan is a surname. Notable persons with that name include:

 George Balcan (19322004), Canadian radio broadcaster and artist
 Maria-Florina Balcan, Romanian-American computer scientist
 Vural Balcan (), Turkish fencer who competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics

See also
 Balkan (disambiguation)

Turkish-language surnames


The William Faulkner – William Wisdom Creative Writing Competition is one of America's leading literary competitions and has been presenting awards in fiction, nonfiction and poetry since 1993. The competition is named after the Faulkner Society’s namesake, novelist William Faulkner, and William Wisdom of New Orleans, a literary scholar known for his collection of William Faulkner memorabilia. The event is sponsored by the Pirate's Alley Faulkner Society of New Orleans.  The contest draws celebrity literary judges, and regular participants have included John Biguenet, Stuart Dybek and Bret Lott.

The award has been instrumental in launching the careers of many emerging writers, including Moira Crone, Julia Glass, Jacob M. Appel, Lynn Stegner, and Rob Magnuson Smith.

Recent winners

Recent prize winners include:

2014 Winners
 Novel: Kitchens of the Great Midwest, J. Ryan Stradal, Los Angeles
 Narrative Non-Fiction Book: Shakespeare’s Royal Bastard, Lawrence Wells, Oxford, Mississippi
 Novella: Give Me You, Kay Sloan, Cincinnati
 Novel in Progress: All of the Lights, Maurice Carlos Ruffin, New Orleans

2013 Winners
 Novel: The Ambassador’s Wife Jennifer Steil, La Paz, Bolivia
 Narrative Non-Fiction Book: Paradise Misplaced (Published under Beginner’s Guide to Paradise) Alex Sheshunoff, Ojai, California
 Novella: The Amazing Mr. Morality Jacob Appel, New York City
 Novel in Progress: Trespass Sharon Thatcher, Boise, Idaho

See also
 List of American literary awards
 List of literary awards

Notes

External links
Faulkner-Wisdom Competition
The Times-Picayune, New Orleans
 Faulkner-Wisdom 2014 Finalists

American fiction awards
Awards established in 1993


Rudolf Ehlers (March 30, 1834 – August 7, 1908) was a German theologian and clergyman born in Hamburg.

He received his education at the Universities of Heidelberg, Berlin and Göttingen. At Heidelberg, he was a student of Richard Rothe (1799-1867). After completion of studies he served as a pastor in Stolberg, and in 1864 relocated to the Protestant Reformed Church at Frankfurt am Main. In 1868 he was appointed Konsistorialrat.

In 1879 he became co-editor of the journal "Zeitschrift fur praktische Theologie", and in 1884 was co-founder and vice-president of the Allgemeinen evangelisch-protestantischen Missionsvereins, today known as Deutschen Ostasienmission (German East Asia Mission). In 1889 he was awarded with an honorary doctorate from the University of Jena.

Selected publications
 Evangelische Predigten (Evangelical sermons), 1873.
 Das alte Gesetz und die neue Zeit (The old law and the new life), 1877.
 Bilder aus dem Leben des Apostels Paulus (Pictures from the life of the Apostle Paul), 1886.
 Richard Rothe, 1906.

References
  English translation
 The Encyclopedia Americana (biography)

19th-century German Protestant theologians
19th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
German Calvinist and Reformed ministers
Clergy from Hamburg
1908 deaths
1834 births
German male non-fiction writers
19th-century male writers


Bacterial initiation factor 1 is a bacterial initiation factor.

IF1 associates with the 30S ribosomal subunit in the A site and prevents an aminoacyl-tRNA from entering. It modulates IF2 binding to the ribosome by increasing its affinity. It may also prevent the 50S subunit from binding, stopping the formation of the 70S subunit. It also contains a β-domain fold common for nucleic acid binding proteins.

IF1–IF3 may also perform ribosome recycling.

References

Molecular biology
Protein biosynthesis
Gene expression


Bacterial initiation factor-2 is a bacterial initiation factor.

IF2 binds to an initiator tRNA and controls the entry of tRNA onto the ribosome.  IF2, bound to GTP, binds to the 30S P site. After associating with the 30S subunit, fMet-tRNAf binds to the IF2 then IF2 transfers the tRNA into the partial P site. When the 50S subunit joins, it hydrolyzes GTP to GDP and Pi, causing a conformational change in the IF2 that causes IF2 to release and allow the 70S ribosome to form.

Human mitochondria use a nuclear-encoded homolog, MTIF2, for translation initiation.

References

Molecular biology
Protein biosynthesis
Gene expression


Nallukatarvik formerly the Piercey Islands are an island group located in Coronation Gulf, south of Victoria Island, west of Kiillinnguyaq, in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. Other island groups in the vicinity include the Nakahungaqtuaryuit, Chapman Islands, Cheere Islands, Cockburn Islands, Porden Islands, Stockport Islands, Triple Islands, and Ungiiviit.

References

Islands of Coronation Gulf
Uninhabited islands of Kitikmeot Region


Straight, No Chaser is an album by jazz saxophonist Joe Henderson released on the Verve label.  It was recorded on April 21, 1968 and featuring a live performance by Henderson with pianist Wynton Kelly, bassist Paul Chambers and drummer Jimmy Cobb. The recording was not released until 1996. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow states: "Although Henderson had not played with the other musicians before, they blend together quite well and obviously inspired each other". Further selections from this concert were released as Four.

Track listing
 "Straight, No Chaser" (Monk) – 14:40
 "Days of Wine and Roses" (Mancini, Mercer) – 8:19
 "What Is This Thing Called Love?" (Porter) – 9:28
 "If You Could See Me Now" (Dameron, Sigman) – 8:39
 "On a Clear Day (You Can See Forever)" (Lerner, Lane) – 11:51
 "Limehouse Blues" (Braham, Furber) – 6:37
 "Pfrancing" (Davis) – 9:02
 "The Theme" (Davis) – 2:13

Personnel
Joe Henderson –  tenor saxophone
Wynton Kelly –  piano
Paul Chambers –  bass
Jimmy Cobb –  drums

References

Joe Henderson live albums
1968 live albums
Verve Records live albums


These are the Canadian number-one albums of 2009. The chart is compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and published by Jam! Canoe, issued every Sunday. The chart also appears in Billboard magazine as Top Canadian Albums.

Notes
A ^ Number Ones by Michael Jackson is considered a catalog album by Billboard. Therefore, the number one album of that week was The E.N.D by Black Eyed Peas on the Billboard Canadian Albums chart.

See also
List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 2009 (Canada)

References

External links
Top 100 albums in Canada on Jam
Billboard Top Canadian Albums

2009
Canada Albums
2009 in Canadian music


Originally used in the context of upper class English society, ton meant a fashionable manner or style, or something for the moment in vogue. It could also (generally with the definite article: the ton) mean people of fashion, or fashionable society generally. A variant of the French bon-ton, a now-archaic expression designating good style or breeding, polite or fashionable society, or the fashionable world, ton's first recorded use in English was according to the Oxford English Dictionary in 1769. In British English, the word is pronounced as in French /tɒ̃/, with American English favouring the Anglicised pronunciation /tɔn/ or /tɑn/.

Social ladder

Ton society was intensely class-conscious and the social hierarchy was rigid.

Members of the ton came from the aristocracy (nobility), gentry and royalty. Though some wealthier members of the middle classes could marry into the lower ranks of the gentry, such unions were not completely accepted by the elite ton. Social positions could be altered or determined by income, houses, speech, manner of dress, or even etiquette. Climbing the social ladder could take generations, particularly into the aristocracy, which did not readily accept those perceived to be of inferior birth.

Circles considered "best"

Fashion, etiquette, manners, social customs, and many other aspects of social life were all dictated by the ton. The ton's generally acknowledged leaders were the Lady Patronesses of Almack's. As London's most exclusive mixed-sex social club, Almack's represented the best and wealthiest among the ton. The conventions of ton life were highly structured and complex. Social acceptance was crucial and mostly based on birth and family. Acceptable social behaviours differed for men and women; they were based on a system validated primarily by the patronesses of Almack's, who determined who could be admitted to its functions. Some of these behaviours were flexible – they adapted slightly with the fashions of each season – but they always reflected the current modes of manners, fashion, and propriety.

The privileged members of the ton could pursue an extravagant life of indulgence, but there were often double standards for its members. The flexibility of social rules was unofficially determined by an individual's status, wealth, or family connections. Royalty were forgiven almost any transgression. Scandalous activity such as having illegitimate children or conducting extramarital affairs might incite gossip, but were often overlooked for members of the aristocracy, while such conduct among the gentry could destroy an entire family's social aspirations.

The season

The Season was the name given to the months between late January and early July.  It officially began when Parliament reopened in London and was the season for social entertainments – balls, theatre parties, dances, masquerades, military reviews, and other social pleasures enjoyed by the ton. Families with marriageable children used the Season to present their children to the ton in hopes of arranging profitable marriages. For this reason, the Season has also been called the "Marriage Mart" by notables such as Lord Byron. For marriageable girls, the Season was an intense period of social networking in which a faux pas could affect their marriage and social prospects within the ton.

Depictions

The ton in Regency England is depicted in many of the Regency romances of Georgette Heyer, and in Julia Quinn's 2000–2006 Bridgerton novel series. The latter has been adapted as a streaming television series Bridgerton, the first season of which aired on Netflix in 2020.

See also
 Brooks's
 Beau Brummell
 Regency fashions
 White's

References

Further reading

External links
 Almack's Assembly Rooms

Regency era
Regency London
High society (social class)
Upper class culture


The Scott Act was a United States law that prohibited U.S. resident Chinese laborers from returning to the United States. Its main author was William Lawrence Scott of Pennsylvania, and it was signed into law by U.S. President Grover Cleveland on October 1, 1888. It was introduced to expand upon the Chinese Exclusion Act passed in 1882 and left an estimated 20,000-30,000 Chinese outside the United States at the time of its passage stranded, with no option to return to their U.S. residence.

History

Chinese Exclusion
In the 1850s, Chinese workers migrated to the United States to work in gold mines, take jobs in agriculture and factories, and built railroads in the American West. More than 10,000 workers built the railroad tracks in the American West by hand, 80% of whom were Chinese migrant workers. This influx of Chinese immigrants led to a strong anti-Chinese sentiment among white American workers. In 1880, the Angell Treaty suspended the immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years and required every Chinese person traveling in or out of the United States to carry a certificate identifying their status as a worker, scholar, diplomat, or merchant. In 1882, Congress passed these terms as the Chinese Exclusion Act. After this, Chinese exclusion was extended for 10 more years with the 1892 Geary Act, then another 10 in 1902. It was made indefinite in 1904.

Bayard-Zhang Treaty

Prior to the Scott Act, the governments of the United States and the Great Qing Empire of China had negotiated the Bayard-Zhang Treaty, whereby the Chinese government would restrict emigration to the United States, and in exchange, the U.S. government would crack down on discrimination and poor treatment against Chinese in the United States. In May 1888, the Senate approved the Bayard-Zhang Treaty, but with amendments that canceled all return certificates of Chinese who were outside of the United States and a 20-year indefinite ban that would continue unless the treaty was renegotiated or renounced. Congress on the whole then passed legislation that enforced the treaty, assuming China would ratify in 1888.

However, the treaty met with considerable opposition, both in China (particularly Kwangtung province) and among the Chinese in the United States, and a delay in ratification on China's part stoked fears that the treaty would be rejected.

Scott Act
On September 3, 1888, Representative William L. Scott, a Democrat of Pennsylvania, introduced the Scott Act to force the stipulations of the treaty into American law without any agreement from the Chinese government. All Chinese laborers who were residents of the United States were barred from traveling abroad, and those who were abroad –– even those who had certificates allowing their return when the act was passed –– were not allowed to return.

The act read, "Be it enacted by the senate and house of representatives of the United States of America, in congress assembled, that from and after the passage of this act it shall be unlawful for and Chinese laborer who shall at any time heretofore have been . . . a resident within the United States, and who shall have departed, or shall depart, therefrom, and shall not have returned before the passage of this act, to return to or remain the United States."

Scott claimed there were copious amounts of fake Chinese return documents and that the system was being abused, although few actual cases of fraud had been caught. "As the truth is a merchantable commodity from a Chinese point of view, those certificates were in many instances sold to Chinamen who had never been in this country, who took them and came to the United States in violation of the law," Scott said when introducing the act.

In congressional debate regarding the Scott Act, representatives' only other concern was keeping those certificate holders who weren't in the United States from returning. They were concerned Scott's proposed act wouldn't be strict enough to accomplish this, but he assured them it would be. After half an hour of debate, the bill was passed by voice vote. The Senate took up the bill hours after it passed in the House. Senator Henry Teller, Republican of Colorado, said of the act, "There are now about one hundred thousand Chinese who have come into this country, and I myself will welcome any legislation that shall deport every single one of them from the United States and send them back to China, where they belong." The bill passed in the Senate as well.

Due to public pressure, the Chinese government chose not to ratify the treaty, and President Grover Cleveland signed the Scott Act into law on October 1, 1888. In an accompanying message he sent to Congress along with the law, he justified the act by saying China had promised in the renounced Bayard-Zhang treaty to prevent workers from coming to the United States. In absence of this act, Cleveland said, the United States had to act, "An emergency has arisen, in which the Government of the United States is called upon to act in self-defense by the exercise of its legislative power. I cannot but regard the expressed demand on the part of China for a reexamination and renewed discussion of the topics so completely covered by mutual treaty stipulations, as an indefinite postponement and practical abandonment on the objects we have in view..." He recommended that separate legislation should be introduced to allow reentry of the Chinese who were already in transit back to the United States, but this never happened. He also recommended that the United States pay $276,619.75 for injuries to the Chinese in America from violence, which had been a provision of the renounced Bayard-Zhang Treaty, which also never happened.

Supreme Court challenge and upholding

On October 8, 1888, Chae Chan Ping, a Chinese citizen and unskilled laborer working in San Francisco, returned to the US after a trip home to China. He was stopped at the port and denied entry. He challenged the denial and the case reached the Supreme Court. This case, Chae Chan Ping v. United States, was decided on May 13, 1889, in favor of the United States. The Supreme Court said its hands were tied because Congress’ power to exclude aliens was absolute because it was a sovereign power granted by the constitution that could be exercised at any time, “when, in the judgment of the government, the interests of the country require it, cannot be granted away or restrained on behalf of any one.”

While exclusion power did not exist as a federal power at the time of the United States' founding, it became grounded in inherent sovereignty and was unrestrained by the constitution. The Supreme Court decision was an important precedent both for establishing the federal government's discretionary power over immigration and upholding the government's authority to pass and enforce legislation contradictory to the terms of past international treaties (the treaty in question being the Burlingame Treaty of 1868).

See also
 Chinatown, Denver
 Chinese Exclusion
 Chinese American history
 List of United States Immigration Acts
 Chae Chan Ping v. United States
 United States v. Wong Kim Ark, which held that the Chinese Exclusion Act could not overrule the citizenship of those born in the U.S. to Chinese parents

References

Sources

External links

Anti-Chinese legislation
Chinese-American history
United States federal immigration and nationality legislation
Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States


Steven Waldman is president and co-founder of Report for America, a national service program that places emerging journalists into local newsrooms.

Previously he was Senior Advisor to the Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, serving out of the Office of Strategic Planning. He authored the report "Information Needs of Communities". Waldman had earlier served as editor-in-chief, president, and co-founder of Beliefnet, a multi-faith spirituality website.

Biography
Waldman is a 1984 graduate of Columbia University, where he served as editor-in-chief of the Columbia Daily Spectator.

After college, Waldman was a political journalist. In 1986–87, he served as editor of The Washington Monthly. He was the national editor of U.S. News & World Report, and worked for eight years in Newsweeks Washington bureau as a national correspondent writing cover stories on social issues.

Waldman co-founded Beliefnet in 1999. He was its CEO from 2002 to 2007, leading it out of bankruptcy to a sale to News Corp.; he continued as editor-in-chief until November 2009.

In late 2009, he became a senior advisor to the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, serving out of the Office of Strategic Planning. He was assigned to "lead an open, fact-finding process to craft recommendations to meet the traditional goals of serving the public interest and making sure that all Americans receive the information, educational content, and news they seek." The position arose in response to the report of the Knight Commission on the Information Needs of Communities in a Democracy and other studies that called on the FCC for "new thinking" to "ensure the information opportunities of America’s people and the information vitality of our democracy."

In 2015, he wrote a report called "Report for America", proposing a national program to improve local journalism. In 2017, he teamed with The GroundTruth Project, an existing nonprofit news organization, and its CEO, Charles Sennott, to launch the program. The first class of Report for America corps members entered newsrooms in 2018. Initial funding came from the Google News Initiative, the Knight Foundation, Craig Newmark and others.

In 2016, he founded LifePosts, a platform for online memorials and other life milestones. The platform is used by local media and funeral homes.

Waldman is also a speaker on topics relating to the spiritual marketplace, the changing roles of religion in America, and the convergence of spirituality and marketing. In 2000, he was named by Time Magazine as an "innovator" in its "100: The Next Wave" feature. He has been a speaker at The World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, "The Resurgence of Religion in Politics" series at The Carnegie Council, The Renaissance Weekend, and numerous religious, policy and media conferences.

Books

Waldman is the author of the New York Times bestselling book Founding Faith: How Our Founding Fathers Forged a Radical New Approach to Religious Liberty and is a columnist covering spirituality and politics for The Wall Street Journal Online.

Founding Faith: Providence, Politics, and the Birth of Religious Freedom in America was published in hardback in March 2008 and in paperback in March 2009 with the revised title Founding Faith: How Our Founding Fathers Forged a Radical New Approach to Religious Liberty.  He is the author of an earlier book The Bill: How the Adventures of Clinton's National Service Bill Reveal What is Corrupt, Comic, Cynical -- and Noble -- About Washington, about the passage of the AmeriCorps law, which is often used as a textbook for college courses. Mr. Waldman served as senior advisor to the CEO of the Corporation for National Service, a $750 million government agency that runs AmeriCorps and other volunteer programs.

Appearances
Waldman has been a guest on CNN, MSNBC, Fox News, ABC News, and NPR, and has written for Slate, National Review, The Washington Post, The New York Times, the Atlantic and other publications.

Personal life
Waldman's brother, Michael Waldman, served as the White House Director of Speechwriting from 1995 to 1999 under President Bill Clinton and is currently the president of the Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law as well as a member of the Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States.

References

External links
Beliefnet profile

Living people
American technology chief executives
Year of birth missing (living people)
Columbia College (New York) alumni


Nakahungaqtuaryuit formerly the Breakwater Islands are an island group located in Coronation Gulf, south of Victoria Island, west of Kiillinnguyaq, in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. Other island groups in the vicinity include the Chapman Islands, Cheere Islands, Cockburn Islands, Piercey Islands, Porden Islands, Stockport Islands, Triple Islands, and Ungiiviit.

References

 Breakwater Islands at the Atlas of Canada

Islands of Coronation Gulf
Uninhabited islands of Kitikmeot Region


Neville Huggins (11 September 1906 – 29 December 1987) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Fitzroy and North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Huggins started his football career in the Ovens and Murray League where he took the field for Rutherglen. He then spent some time at Williamstown before being signed by Fitzroy for the 1929 VFL season. His stint at Fitzroy wasn't successful, ending after just four matches owing to a dispute with the committee. Huggins, a ruck-rover, was also a policeman by profession.

The North Melbourne team of the early 1930s was particularly weak and in his initial season with the club he didn't experience a win. It wasn't until 1932 that he played in a winning side, ending a streak of 22 consecutive losses, which stretched back to his time at Fitzroy.

Having left the VFL for good, Huggins returned to Williamstown, where he was appointed captain-coach and said to be the highest paid one in the country. A dual Club best and fairest winner in 1936 and 1937, he won the VFA Medal in 1936 and tied for it in 1937 and also took out the Recorder Cup in 1937. He also captained a VFA representative side against the VFL at St Kilda in May 1937. He was overlooked as captain-coach in 1938 in favour of former North Melbourne teammate, George Jerram, but was made vice-captain. He transferred to Prahran after round 8 of the 1938 season after suffering a knee injury and then crossed to Essendon in 1939 but failed to make a senior appearance. He played a total of 36 games for Williamstown and kicked 6 goals.

Huggins coached Shepparton Football Club in their 1940 Goulburn Valley Football Association grand final loss to Lemnos.

Huggins was known to be playing cricket for Shepparton Cricket Club in the 1939/40 season.

Huggins was vice-captain of the Border United FC that played in the Murray Valley Patriotic Football League in 1944.

Huggins was captain / coach of the South Corowa Football Club in the Coreen & District Football League in 1947.

References

Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

External links

1932 - North Melbourne FC team photo

1906 births
1987 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Fitzroy Football Club players
North Melbourne Football Club players
Williamstown Football Club players
Williamstown Football Club coaches
Rutherglen Football Club players


Chauparan  is a census town in the Chauparan CD block in the Barhi subdivision of the Hazaribagh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

Geography

Location
Chauparan is located at . It has an average elevation of .

Area overview
Hazaribagh district is a plateau area and forests occupy around about 45% of the total area. It is a predominantly rural area with 92.34% of the population living in rural areas against 7.66% in the urban areas. There are many census towns in the district, as can be seen in the map alongside. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people but with the extension of coal mines, particularly in the southern part of the district, employment in coal mines is increasing. However, it has to be borne in mind that modern mining operations are highly mechanised. Four operational areas of Central Coalfields are marked on the map. All these areas are spread across partly this district and partly the neighbouring districts.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. Urbanisation data calculated on the basis of census data for CD blocks and may vary a little against unpublished official data.

Civic administration

Police station
Chauparan police station serves the Chauparan block.

CD block HQ
The headquarters of Chauparan block are located at Chauparan.

Demographics
According to the 2011 Census of India, Chauparan had a total population of 5,361, of which 2,691 (50%) were males and 2,670 (50%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 918. The total number of literate persons in Chauparan was 3,428 (77.16% of the population over 6 years).

Infrastructure
According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Hazaribagh, Chauparan covered an area of 4.94 km2. Among the civic amenities, it had 47 km roads with open drains, the protected water supply involved hand pumps, uncovered wells. It had 645 domestic electric connections, 26 road light points.  Among the educational facilities it had 3 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools, 2 senior secondary schools. It had the branch offices of 1 nationalised bank, 1 cooperative bank, 1 agricultural credit society.

Transport
Chauparan is on National Highway 19 (old number: NH 2/ Grand Trunk Road). Tilaiya Dam of Damodar Valley Corporation is about  from Chauparan. A road links it to Itkhori and Chatra.

Education
Shahid Bhagat Singh +2 School Jhapa Bisanpur, Shishu Vidya Mandir Dadpur
Munam Public School & Surekha Prakashbhai Public School which are affiliated to CBSE.
K.B.S.S +2 school affiliated to Jharkhand Academic Council. Sundarlal Jain High School Singhrawan, Chauparan  affiliated  to  Jharkhand Academic Council  Ranchi. Chauparan Inter College affiliated to Jharkhand Academic council.

References

Cities and towns in Hazaribagh district


Kitaagunnaat formerly the Cheere Islands are an island group located in Coronation Gulf, south of Victoria Island, west of Kiillinnguyaq (Kent Peninsula), in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. Other island groups in the vicinity include the Barry Islands, Nakahungaqtuaryuit, Chapman Islands, Cockburn Islands, Nallukatarvik, and Stockport Islands.

References

External links
 Kitikmeot Heritage Society Atlas Map Series 76N

Islands of Coronation Gulf
Uninhabited islands of Kitikmeot Region


Nancy Drew and the Clue Crew is a book series featuring a grade-school-aged Nancy Drew. Like the Nancy Drew Notebooks, the series is aimed at a younger audience.

Main series
Nancy Drew and the Clue Crew is illustrated by Macky Pamintuan.
 Sleepover Sleuths (2006)
 Scream for Ice Cream (2006)
 Pony Problems (2006)
 The Cinderella Ballet Mystery (2006)
 Case of the Sneaky Snowman (2006)
 The Fashion Disaster (2007)
 The Circus Scare (2007)
 Lights, Camera . . . Cats! (2007)
 The Halloween Hoax (2007)
 Ticket Trouble (2007)
 Ski School Sneak (2007)
 Valentine's Day Secret (2007)
 Chick-Napped! (2008)
 The Zoo Crew (2008)
 Mall Madness (2008)
 Thanksgiving Thief (2008)
 Wedding Day Disaster (2008)
 Earth Day Escapade (2009)
 April Fool's Day (2009)
 Treasure Trouble (2009)
 Double Take (2009)
 Unicorn Uproar (2009)
 Babysitting Bandit (2009)
 Princess Mix-Up Mystery (2009)
 Buggy Breakout (2010)
 Camp Creepy (2010)
 Cat Burglar Caper (2010)
 Time Thief (2011)
 Designed for Disaster (2011)
 Dance Off (2011)
 The Make-a-Pet Mystery (2012)
 Cape Mermaid Mystery (2012)
 The Pumpkin Patch Puzzle (2012)
 Cupcake Chaos (2013)
 Cooking Camp Disaster (2013)
 Secret of the Scarecrow (2013)
 The Flower Show Fiasco (2014)
 A Musical Mess (2014)
 Museum Mayhem (2014), illustrated by Peter Francis
 Butterfly Blues (2014), illustrated by Peter Francis

Graphic novel series
Nancy Drew and the Clue Crew children's graphic novel series written by Sarah Kinney, with art by Stan Goldberg.
 Small Volcanoes (2012)
 Secret Sand Sleuths (2013)
 Enter the Dragon Mystery (2013)

Reception
In 2008, Nancy Drew and the Clue Crew #10: Ticket Trouble (2007) by Stacia Deutsch and Rhody Cohon was nominated for a Scribe Award in the category of Best Young Adult Original.

References

Series of children's books


Abaddon, a name given to an angel, a demon or a place of destruction, has appeared many times in works of literature, films, television and popular culture.

In Hebrew the term Abaddon (Hebrew: אֲבַדּוֹן Avaddon), means "doom"; the Greek equivalent is Apollyon. In the Christian Bible it is both a place of destruction and an angel of the abyss. In the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh), abaddon is a bottomless pit, and often appears alongside the place שְׁאוֹל (Sheol), meaning the realm of the dead.

Literature
 In John Bunyan's allegory The Pilgrim's Progress, Abaddon (as Apollyon) appears as the "foul fiend" who assaulted Christian on his pilgrimage through the Valley of Humiliation. He rules over the city of Destruction, and attacks Christian when he refuses to return.
Louisa May Alcott subsequently references The Pilgrim's Progress in her novel Little Women, wherein Apollyon is used as a metaphor to represent main character Jo March's temper, a trait she seeks to overcome.
 In The Making of the English Working Class, E.P. Thompson entitled the second chapter of Part I, "Christian and Apollyon."
 John Milton uses Abaddon as the name of the bottomless pit in Paradise Regained (IV, 264).
 In Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock's epic poem  (The Messiah, composed 1748–73), Abbadona is an angel drawn into Satan's rebellion half-unwillingly, who reproves Satan for his blasphemous pride.
 Abaddon is mentioned by his Greek name, Apollyon, in Robert Browning's "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came".
 Abaddon appears as Abadonna (), the angel of death in Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita.
 Abaddón el Exterminador is the title of Argentine writer Ernesto Sabato's third and last novel, published in 1974. It was translated as The Angel of Darkness in English.
 The name of Azkaban, the main wizarding prison in the Harry Potter world, is a mixture of the name of Alkatraz, an island prison in the real world, and Abaddon.
 The fallen angel/demon Apollyon is the main antagonist of the Brazilian novel "A Batalha do Apocalipse" by Eduardo Spohr.

Popular culture
In Dan Brown's 2009 novel The Lost Symbol, the main antagonist, Zachary Solomon, believing himself to be the incarnation of the angel Malak, calls himself Dr Christopher Abaddon.
 Abaddon, the Angel of the Abyss, is a nickname for Marc Remillard in Julian May's Saga of Pliocene Exile and Galactic Milieu Series.
 Abaddon appears in Melissa de la Cruz's book series Blue Bloods as a blue blood named Benjamin 'Jack' Force.
 Abaddon is a creature/character in Patrick Carman's The Land of Elyon series.
 The third novel of Elizabeth Donald's Nocturnal Urges vampire series is titled Abaddon. In the horror novel, the vampire cult living underground in Memphis, Tennessee has adopted the name both for their group and the underground fortress in which they live.
 In City of Bones (part of The Mortal Instruments trilogy) by Cassandra Clare, Abaddon is a higher Demon who is summoned by a warlock for Valentine Morgenstern to employ in his war against the Clave.
 Apollyon is the title of the fifth book in the Left Behind series by authors Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins and focuses on the attack of the demon locusts described in the Revelation of St. John.
 In Terry Brooks's Magic Kingdom of Landover, Abaddon is a netherworld that lies beneath Landover.
 In Wayne Barlowe's God's Demon, "Abaddon's Pit" is a deep pit in Hell where the demon Abaddon resides and is considered an eternal punishment of darkness and torment for demons who disobey the ruler of Hell, Beelzebub.
 The antagonists call upon a stealth bomber code-named Abaddon in Andy McDermott's book The Covenant of Genesis.
 In Scott Pinsker's novel The Second Coming: A Love Story, Abaddon is the leader of the rebellion against God, and Lucifer is actually the last to join the uprising. Abbadon later appears as a giant, scarred fish swimming in Hell's waters.
In book five of James Patterson's Daniel X series, Abbadon is portrayed as the second most wanted alien on Earth, who is the same species as the protagonist.
The 2019 film Godzilla: King of the Monsters mentions a Titan dubbed Abaddon, though it is not seen in the film. But the titan was discovered while at hibernation in Outpost 77 Devils Tower, Wyoming. A containment field was built around it for further studies of the creature before it arises and escapes after being awoken by King Ghidorah alongside the other 17 titans.
Abaddon's Gate is the title of the third novel of The Expanse series, a space opera by James S. A. Corey.
Volume 10 of the High School DxD light novels by Ichiei Ishibumi has a character named Kuisha Abaddon who serves as the Queen of Sairaorg Bael. She uses a technique described as 'Hole', which creates a void in space that can suck in anything.
Blameless in Abaddon (1996) is the second book of James Morrow's "Godhead" trilogy.
Apollyon is an esoteric object class in the SCP Foundation universe and mythos that denotes an SCP that will or is causing the end of the world or a "XK-class scenario."
Dawn Powell's 1948 novel The Locusts Have No King is a social satire centered around New York's literary elite and their desperate, debauched hangers-on. The title alludes to the biblical Locust King, Abaddon.
A demonic character named Abaddon appears in Brent Weeks's Lightbringer Series, first appearing in book three, The Broken Eye, then recurring in the fifth and final book, The Burning White.
Abaddon is the name of one of the rooms in the House of Drumer, many of which are named after demons, in Steve Jackson's 1984 Fighting Fantasy gamebook House of Hell.

Comics
 In issue 117 of Whiz Comics, Abaddon is revealed to have written a book of magic which a student uses to summon him. He is defeated by Ibis the Invincible and Taia, and falls to Hades by his own spell with the student and book.
 In David Hopkins' webcomic Jack, some demons of Hell use the unique suicide of a boy, Virgil, as a distraction in order to smuggle Abaddon (as a powerful relic) from Heaven into Hell to raise an army against God.
 In issue 32.5 (Feb 2012) of The Unwritten by Mike Carey and Peter Gross, Abaddon is a snake-like monster that feeds on stories, eventually confronted by Gilgamesh and thus inspiring the writing of the Epic of Gilgamesh. The comic also links Abaddon with Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan.
 The Abaddon is a serialized webcomic by Koren Shadmi, loosely based on Jean-Paul Sartre's No Exit.
In the oneshot Zone, by Hoshino Katsura, a Dagger named Abadon appears, perhaps there is a connection, as the dagger is a powerful Destroyer of demons called akuma, which appear in the oneshot and its successor D.Gray-Man.
Abaddon makes an appearance in the manga Samon-kun wa Summoner, being described as "The king of the pits of hell, the one who watches over the key of the pit that filled the king of demons captive for thousands of years".
The Monad - the distillation of human evil from the end of time - disguises itself as Abaddon, an alien bounty hunter, which hunted the ABC Warriors.

Occult literature
 In occultism and esoterism, Abaddon's Tarot symbol is Judgement.
 In Barrett's The Magus, Abaddon is pictured as one of the evil demons.
 In LaVeyan Satanism, Abaddon is the first of the infernal names, as it comes first alphabetically, meaning "The Destroyer".
 In the Key of Solomon, Abaddon is listed as the name of God used by Moses to flood Egypt.
 In Sepharial's Manual of Occultism, Abaddon is in charge of the Furies, the seventh order of nine orders of demons.

Music
 Abaddon (as Apollyon) appears in Act 2 of the opera The Pilgrim's Progress by Ralph Vaughan Williams.
 Trilogy, the third studio album of the progressive rock band Emerson, Lake & Palmer, ends with an eight-minute instrumental titled "Abaddon's Bolero".
 Former drummer Anthony Bray of the English heavy metal band Venom used Abaddon as his stage name
 There is an Irish death metal/black metal/grindcore band called "Abaddon Incarnate".
 Indie rock band Pinback's 2004 album is titled Summer in Abaddon.
 American deathcore band With Blood Comes Cleansing's album Horror has a track called "Abaddon's Horde".
 American metal band Saviours titled their 2008 album Into Abaddon which features a track of the same name.
 The album Sunrise Over a Sea of Blood by American metal band Mortal Treason features a song titled "Abaddon".
 Polish heavy/thrash metal band KAT mentions Abaddon in their song "The Time of Revenge".
 Spanish Power metal band Phoenix Rising have a track titled "Abaddon" on their album MMXII.
 Abaddon is the name of a Polish hardcore punk band.
 Czech black-metal band Root have a track titled "Abaddon" on their second studio album, Hell Symphony.
 The rapper Boondox released a song on Halloween 2011 entitled "Abadon", the inspiration of which derives from Abaddon.
 "Lords of Abaddon" is the first track on the 2011 album The Taking (album) by American rock band Loaded.
 American heavy metal band Manowar mentions Abaddon in their song "Dark Avenger" in the portion of the track narrated by Orson Welles.
 The rapper Boondox released an album on 13 May 2014 entitled Abaddon.
 The band Blind Guardian references Abaddon in their song "The Ninth Wave" from their album Beyond the Red Mirror.
Welsh dark ambient composer Brian Lustmord has a track titled Abaddon on his album The Word As Power
The Artist Methadone Matt has a song on YouTube called Abaddon

Film
Abadddon appears as the primary antagonist in the horror film The Heretics.
Had Abbadon was the original name for the planet Coruscant in the first draft of Return of the Jedi (1983). The lower levels of the planet served as the lair of the Emperor in which Luke Skywalker would fight Darth Vader.
Abaddon (as Apollyon) also appears as one of the demons who possessed Clarita in the latest 2019 Philippine horror film, Clarita, inspired by the story of Clarita Villanueva.
one of the 17 titans is named after Abaddon appears on a monitor in Godzilla: King of the Monsters in the film it is awoken by King Ghidorah alongside the other titans.
The town of Abaddon and the Abaddon Hotel are named after Abaddon in Hell House LLC and its sequel
 Abaddon appears in the tattooed finger of BJ, the main villain of the movie Contracted: Phase II. It appears also in the mid-credits scene in the finger of the doctor assisting BJ while telling him, "Very soon, my friend, very soon".

Television
 In the Mr. Belvedere episode "Halloween" (season 3, episode 5, 1986), The Happy Guys of Pittsburgh organization offers membership to George, which features an oath and induction ceremony specifically noting Abaddon.
 In the Star Trek: Voyager episode "Alice" (season 6, episode 5, 1999), Abaddon is the proprietor of "Abaddon's Repository of Lost Treasures". He sells Voyager a small spaceship that is "haunted": it takes over the minds of its owners through its unique neural interface.
 In the season three premiere episode ("Aquamom", 2006) of Entourage, James Woods claims to have played the character Abaddon in the fictional movie Aquaman starring Vincent Chase.
 In the BBC series Torchwood, Abaddon appears in the episode "End of Days" (2007) as the son of the Beast, an alien being from "the void".
 Matthew Abaddon is a mysterious character in the television series Lost who works for Charles Widmore, appearing in seasons 4 (2008) and 5 (2009).
 Vesper Abaddon is the former King of Carmel, a nation preceding Gilboa, the setting of the NBC TV show Kings (2009). The prison he is kept in is called Gehenna.
 In The CW series The Secret Circle (2011-2012), the witches get possessed by a demon named Abaddon.
 In the HBO series Enlightened (2011-2013), Abaddon is the name of the "unenlightened" company where the main protagonist, Amy Jellicoe, works.
 In a season 8 episode of the TV show Supernatural, "As Time Goes By", the Winchester brothers' grandfather travels forward in time to receive aid against a demon named Abaddon. In this continuity, Abaddon is a Knight of Hell; one of the first demons to fall with Lucifer and as such is very powerful. She later returns for "Clip Show" and "Sacrifice." She reappears in season 9 (2013-2014) as one of the main antagonists before being killed by Dean Winchester in "King of the Damned."
 Prior to Abaddon appearing in the show, the character featured in the spin-off novel Supernatural: War of the Sons by Rebecca Dessertine and David Reed, where Abaddon was presented as a fallen angel who called himself Don, set during the show's fifth season, attempting to convince the Winchesters to accept their destined role in the Apocalypse by sending them into the past to find the 'War Scroll', a scroll that allegedly contained the key to stopping the Apocalypse but only listed the bloodlines of families who can act as the vessel for angels.
 In "Impossible Planet", Episode 8 of Season 2 of the BBC series Doctor Who (aired June 3, 2006), the beast in the pit tells the Doctor and the crew of the space station that "some have called me Abaddon."

Games
 A character called Abaddon, the Lord of Avernus, appears in both Defense of the Ancients and its sequel, Dota 2.
 A character called Apollyon appears in the game The Binding of Isaac as one of the various personalities of the character Isaac
 In Diablo II: Lord of Destruction, there is a portal in the Frigid Highlands that leads to an area in Hell labeled as Abaddon.
 In Otomedius G and Salamander 2, there are boss opponents named Abbadon.
 In the game Dungeon Runners, Abaddon appears as a boss creature.
 Abaddon is the name of a two-handed sword that drops from Yogg-Saron in Blizzard's popular MMORPG World of Warcraft.
 Abaddon is the name of a class of Amarr Battleship in the space MMORPG EVE Online.
 In The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth, Abaddon is the name of an item that can be obtained by making a deal with the Devil.
 In the Afterbirth+ expansion for the same game, Apollyon, an alternate name for Abaddon is a playable character.
 In the DOOM source port Skulltag, an Abaddon is the strongest variant of the Cacodemon.
 Abaddon appears as a Spider Boss in the online MMORPG Adventurequestworlds.
 Abaddon appears in Games Workshop's Warhammer 40,000 fictional universe as Abaddon the Despoiler. He was the 2nd in command of Horus, who was corrupted by Chaos, and thus rebelled against the Imperium of Man in a bloody civil war, and since the death of Horus, has assumed command of the forces of Chaos that broke from Earth. He serves as the  primary Villain of Warhammer 40,000.
 Abaddon appears in the Battletech Universe as Precentor Apollyon, the commander of the Word of Blakes elite Manei-Domini.
 Abaddon is a boss enemy in Konami's Castlevania: Curse of Darkness, Dawn of Sorrow and Portrait of Ruin.
 The Beast of Abaddon is a boss creature in the Flagship Studios game Hellgate: London.
 Abaddon is a boss enemy in the Square video game Final Fantasy VIII in the salt flats outside the xenophobic city-state Esthar. They also makes a few other appearances in the franchise such as in Final Fantasy IX where they are wandering enemies in Castle Pandemonium and Final Fantasy: Crystal Chronicles where Abbadons appear in Conall Curach.
 Abaddon, the God of Secrets and the preceding God of Water, is the main antagonist of the Guild Wars campaign, "Nightfall".
 In the 2003 SCE Studio Cambridge action video game Primal, the main (albeit unseen) antagonist is the God of Chaos Abaddon.
 Abaddon is a recurring demon of the Megami Tensei franchise. His appearance can be either a giant green slime with a giant mouth, or a bald winged head emerging from the ground.
 In Shin Megami Tensei II, Abaddon is summoned by the Center to devour the district of Valhalla.
 In Shin Megami Tensei: Nocturne, Abaddon is a boss and can later be created in the Cathedral of Shadows.
 Abaddon is a playable high-level persona in Shin Megami Tensei: Persona 3, 4 and 5.
 In Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Survivor, Abaddon is a demon of the Vile race.
 In Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga 2, Abaddon is a mid-boss created when a leader devours his partners to get more strength.
 Abaddon is central to the investigation in Devil Summoner 2: Raidou Kazunoha vs. King Abaddon. His minions are the Appolyons.
 Abaddon appears in the real-time strategy game Warrior Kings as a godlike unit.
 Abaddon appears as a major character in Darksiders, serving as the main antagonist in the first game.
 Abaddon is a playable character in the game Unreal Tournament 2004.
 Abaddon is a choice for player's avatar in Solium Infernum.
 Abaddon is a flagship for the human race in the Xbox Live game Abaddon Retribution.
 Abaddon is the name of a Martian in the game Super Motherload Abaddon is the name of a software studio that produces roleplaying and strategy games founded in Winona, Minnesota.
 Abaddon is a recruitable hero in the idle game Clicker Heroes, with an appearance similar to that of a Grim Reaper.
 Abaddon is the name of an international Ingress anomaly series starting in October 2015.
 Abaddon, listed as Apollyon, is a skill of Chiliarch and Dreadlord in the Korean MMORPG Elsword.
 Abaddon, listed as Apollyon, is a Warlord in the Story Mode of For Honor a fighting game by Ubisoft.
 In the game Fallout: New Vegas, the Cave of the Abaddon is part of the path the Courier must take in The Divide to reach Ulysses.
 Destiny: Rise of Iron's "The Dawning" event introduced a machine gun known as Abbadon, sporting fire sprawling across it and a hellish design.
 Abaddon is the name of several evil characters in the Redemption card game.
 Apolloyon is the name of a major NPC during the July monthly event on the online sim game, Lioden. He is the rival of Apedemak and the paramour of Menhit.
 Abaddon, referred to as Apollyon or simply "Polly", is a prominent character in the game Afterparty''. She is the
former Grand Judge of the Dead.

Abaddon is also the title of an highly anticipated upcoming psychological horror game developed by "Nice To Meet Studios LTD". The game will be released on steam sometime in 2024.

References

External links

Demons in popular culture


Cheere may refer to:

 Cheere baronets, created in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 19 July 1766
 Cheere Islands, Nunavut, Canada

People with the surname
 John Cheere, English sculptor
 Sir Henry Cheere, 1st Baronet (1776–1781)


Hollywood Cemetery may refer to:

in the United States
(by state)
Hollywood Cemetery, Confederate Section, Hot Springs, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
 Hollywood Forever Cemetery, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Hollywood Cemetery (Jackson, Tennessee), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
Hollywood Cemetery (Richmond, Virginia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia


Hollywood Theatre or Hollywood Theater may refer to:
Hollywood Theater (Minneapolis), Minnesota, listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
Hollywood Theater (Chapel Hill, NC)
Hollywood Theatre (Portland, Oregon), NRHP-listed
Hollywood Theater (Leavenworth, Kansas), listed on the NRHP in Leavenworth County
Hollywood Theatre (Las Vegas), at the MGM Grand Las Vegas
Hollywood Theatre (New York City), the original name of the Mark Hellinger Theatre
Hollywood Theatre (Toronto), Toronto's first cinema built to show "talkies"


Prospanica, The Association of Hispanic MBAs & Business Professionals, is a non-profit organization dedicated to empowering the Hispanic community to achieve their full educational, economic, and social potential. The organization was first formed in 1988 as the National Society of Hispanic MBAs (NSHMBA), but outgrew its original mission and adopted its new name, Prospanica, in 2016.
Prospanica’s founders and early supporters acted on their shared vision of creating an organization that would nurture Hispanic students in their efforts to obtain an MBA degree. These pioneers identified the need to develop a pipeline of Hispanic leaders to pursuing an MBA and this became their mission in 1988.
Though Hispanics with MBAs had been the sole focus, 2015 marked the year in which Prospanica extended its reach beyond the MBA community to undergraduate students. Prospanica realized that by building Hispanic talent from the ground up they empower business professionals to achieve their full educational, economic, and social potential.
Current trends depict that Hispanics are the largest growing minority group, have the highest drop-out rate and are severely underrepresented in professional employment.
With Hispanics estimating to account for 60 percent growth of the U.S. population between 2005 and 2050, Prospanica helps empower Hispanics succeed in education and the workforce—an immediate and long-term priority to the nation’s economy

Organization
Prospanica's headquarters are in Dallas, Texas and as of 2023 it has 39 professional chapters and 10 university chapters in the United States and Puerto Rico. The full list of chapters can be found in the external links section.

Prospanica is run nationally by a 7-member board led by a chair. The board member positions are:

National Chair
National Secretary
National Treasurer
National Director/CEO
3 additional National Directors

History
Prospanica, formerly National Society of Hispanic MBAs was founded on March 8, 1988 by a group of Hispanic MBAs led by Henry Hernandez.  Their goals was to remedy the lack of representation in the corporate world for Hispanic business leaders, and to reverse the decline of Hispanics enrolled in graduate management education programs throughout the country  The  founding members spent the next nine months developing the concept for the organization, identifying key partners, and establishing a framework for the organization.  The group was then officially launched in January, 1989.

References

External links
 Official site
The full list of Professional Chapters:
 Atlanta
 Austin
 Boston
 Chicago
 Cincinnati
 Cleveland
 Connecticut
 Dallas-Ft. Worth
 Denver
 Detroit
 El Paso
 Houston
 Indianapolis
 Kansas City
 Los Angeles
 Louisville
 Minneapolis-St. Paul
 New Jersey
 New York
 New Mexico
 Orange County
 Oregon
 Orlando
 Philadelphia
 Phoenix
 Puerto Rico
 Rio Grande Valley
 Rochester
 San Antonio
 San Diego
 San Francisco
 San Jose
 Seattle
 [* Tampa Bay
 Washington DC

The full list of University Chapters:

Nonpartisan organizations in the United States
Organizations established in 1988
Hispanic and Latino American professional organizations


Automatic Telegraph Switching System Plan 55-A was one in a series of store and forward message switching systems developed by Western Union and used from 1948 to 1976 for processing telegrams. It is an automated successor to Plan 51, which commenced service in 1951 in a nationwide network of the U.S. Air Force, but required semi-automatic operation.

Based on the technology of punched paper tape storage, the systems of the design were called reperforators.  A reperforator performed functions similar to an email message transfer agent (email server), used much later in the Internet, but it used electro-mechanical technology, which preceded the use of semiconductor circuitry and computers.

Operation
A reperforator switching center received messages via serial communication lines from teleprinters, such as the Teletype Model 28 ASR, or from other switching centers on receiving consoles, each consisting of a paper tape punch feeding tape into a paper tape reader via a storage bin. The reader decoded the message header, and sent the header characters to the director.  The director, much like a telephone switch, connected the receiving console to a sending console in the same switching center by a cross-office connection. The message was transmitted from the receiving console to the sending console, character by character, punching a second paper tape at the sending console.  Cross-office connections, and their readers and punches, were slightly faster than external connections, to limit congestion to the edges of the network.

Each sending console also consisted of a paper tape punch and reader.  Output from each sending console was transmitted via outgoing lines to other switching centers or to destination teleprinters. Each message typically contained one telegram.

Each received message had up to nine routing indicators, or destinations.  For two or three destinations, the messages were sent simultaneously on three cross-office connections to outgoing sending consoles.  Additional destinations resulted in a copy of the message being sent to the multiple call spillover unit, which removed the routing indicators for destinations already handled and sent the message through the system again.

Nationwide, Western Union's switching centers were arranged in a hub and spokes architecture involving fifteen locations. The U.S. Air Force used the Plan 55-A system worldwide with ten centers.

Queuing theory
An analysis of the queueing delays in Plan 55-A by Leonard Kleinrock formed part of his doctoral research in the early 1960s.

See also
 Teleprinter

References

External links
  A non-technical industrial film showing telegram handling in the 1950s.  Plan 55-A switching centers are shown in some detail.

History of telecommunications in the United States
Western Union


Ohio is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Antigonish, subd. A in Antigonish County.

References

Further reading

Communities in Antigonish County, Nova Scotia


The Cockburn Islands are an island group located in Coronation Gulf, south of Victoria Island, west of the Kent Peninsula, in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. Other island groups in the vicinity include the Breakwater Islands, Cheere Islands, Piercey Islands, Porden Islands, Stockport Islands, Triple Islands, and Wilmot Islands.

References

 Cockburn Islands at the Atlas of Canada

Islands of Coronation Gulf
Uninhabited islands of Kitikmeot Region


Kenwood Historic District may refer to:

in the United States
(by state)
 Kenwood Historic District (St. Petersburg, Florida), listed on the NRHP in Florida
Hyde Park-Kenwood Historic District, Chicago, Illinois, listed on the NRHP in South Side of Chicago, Illinois
Kenwood District, the southern Kenwood neighborhood designated as a Chicago Landmark District, in Illinois
North Kenwood District, the northern Kenwood neighborhood designated as a Chicago Landmark District, in Illinois
Kenwood Historic District (Enid, Oklahoma), NRHP-listed
Kenwood Park-Prospect Hill Historic District, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, listed on the NRHP in Milwaukee, Wisconsin


State Route 137 (SR 137) is a  southwest-to-northeast state highway in the west-central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects Cusseta with Buena Vista and Butler. It travels through the southeastern portion of Fort Benning. Its routing exists within portions of Chattahoochee, Marion, and Taylor counties.

Route description
SR 137 begins in Cusseta, within Chattahoochee County, at an intersection with Wells Street, which used to also bear the designation of SR 520 Business. It runs along Broad Street, which also used to bear the SR 520 Business designation, for nearly , until SR 137 heads northeast. Just northeast of Cusseta, it has a very brief concurrency with SR 26. It continues to the northeast and cuts across the southeastern corner of Fort Benning and begins a concurrency with SR 355, just before leaving the fort. When the highway leaves the fort, it enters Marion County. It passes SR 137 Spur. Just northwest of Buena Vista is an intersection with SR 41. The two routes head southeast into town and split, with SR 41 heading south and SR 137 heading east and then northeast. SR 137 travels through rural areas of the county and has a very brief concurrency with SR 240 in Tazewell. In the northeast, it enters Taylor County and crosses just northwest of the Taylor–Schley county line. Less than  later is SR 90/SR 127. The three highways have a brief concurrency to the north, until SR 137 splits off to the northeast. Just southwest of Butler is SR 96/SR 540. In town, it meets US 19/SR 3. SR 137 continues to the northeast until it reaches its eastern terminus, an intersection with SR 128, just south of the Flint River.

SR 137 is not part of the National Highway System, a system of roadways important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility.

Major intersections

Marion County spur route

State Route 137 Spur (SR 137 Spur) is a  spur route that exists entirely within the southwestern part of Marion County.

It begins at an intersection with the SR 137 mainline and heads northwest until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with SR 355 mainline, southeast of Fort Benning.

SR 137 Spur is not part of the National Highway System, a system of roadways important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility.

The roadway that would eventually become SR 137 Spur was established in April 1932 as an unnumbered road from Columbus to Buena Vista. Later that year, SR 103 was designated on this road. In 1937, the current path of SR 137 Spur had a "completed hard surface". Between June 1960 and June 1963, SR 103 was truncated west of Fort Benning. Part of its former path through Marion County was redesignated as SR 137 Spur.

See also

References

External links

 Georgia Roads (Routes 121 - 140)

137
Transportation in Chattahoochee County, Georgia
Transportation in Marion County, Georgia
Transportation in Taylor County, Georgia


"Doubts Even Here", originally called "Tiny Tim", is the seventh track of eight on New Order's debut album Movement, released on November 13, 1981. After the death of Joy Division singer Ian Curtis, the remaining members formed New Order with drummer Stephen Morris's girlfriend Gillian Gilbert joining five months later. This led to all three male members attempting vocals. "Doubts Even Here" and "Dreams Never End" on Movement are sung by bassist Peter Hook with spoken contributions by Gillian Gilbert. The song starts off with an array of electronic percussion noises before slow synth and bass riffs enter, which eventually pick up speed later in the song. The lyrics were written by Stephen Morris. The song has not been performed live since a few performances in 1981.

Versions

Official versions
Album version – 4:16

Remixes
"Doubts Even Here" (Razed Club Mix) (unofficial remix by Razed in a New Division of Agony) – 4:32

Covers by other artists
Harry on Essence (New Order Tribute) – 3:46
Phantom West on Community 2: A NewOrderOnline Tribute – 4:18
Philip Eno as an entry for the Community 2 contest – 4:02
Razed in a New Division of Agony on Ceremony: A New Order Tribute – 4:33
Vibrissae on Dreams Never End - A Tribute to New Order – 6:00

References

New Order (band) songs
Song recordings produced by Martin Hannett
1981 songs
Songs written by Peter Hook
Songs written by Bernard Sumner
Songs written by Stephen Morris (musician)
Songs written by Gillian Gilbert


Malignant Cove is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Antigonish County. It was named for the sailing vessel Malignant, which ran aground there during the American Revolution. It was renamed Milburn in 1915 but the new name was not adopted by the community. The founder of The Casket, John Boyd, began as a printer in Malignant Cove.

References

Communities in Antigonish County, Nova Scotia


William Spehr Koop (21 March 1906 – 14 April 1950) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1920s.

Koop did not make much of an impact at Carlton in his first three seasons and left Carlton in 1927 to coach Culcairn Football Club, NSW, before returning to Carlton in 1928. Koop played in two VFL Reserves premierships with Carlton in 1926 and 1928.

Koop then had a successful career in the Victorian Football Association as a key position defender, he was a centre half-back in Northcote's 1929 premiership team. He was appointed as captain / coach of Prahran in January, 1931, but had to resign in March, 1931 at the request of the Police Commissioner. Koop then enjoyed some individual success at Prahran, winning the 1931 Recorder Cup. Koop was also a premiership player with Prahran in 1937.

The 146 game Prahran veteran was named, in 2003, on the interchange bench in their official 'Team of the Century'.

References

Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.
1927 - Culcairn. The Corowa Free Press (NSW). 9 April 1927.

External links

Bill Koop's Profile at Blueseum

1906 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Carlton Football Club players
Northcote Football Club players
Prahran Football Club players
Dimboola Football Club players
1950 deaths


Smail-3 is a mail transfer agent (MTA) used on Unix-like operating systems. It is Free Software and is licensed under the GNU GPL. It aims to be a general and flexible mailer with extensive facilities for checking incoming e-mail and for routing between disparate networks. It is still in use on the Internet, but it has been mostly superseded by Exim (which was originally based on Smail) and other more modern mail transfer agents.

Smail-3 still follows a monolithic design model where a single binary controls the core facilities of the MTA. This type of monolithic design is generally considered to be inherently less secure, largely because the whole program normally runs with full system privileges at all times. Nevertheless, Smail's security record has been fairly clean, and has only been the subject of one BUGTRAQ advisory.  It was designed with security as a primary goal and makes use of several key safe coding practices to avoid some of the most common pitfalls of similar large programs written in C.

References

External links

 Weird.com, Smail-3 Internet Mailer

Message transfer agents
Free email server software
Free email software
Cross-platform software


(English You drive me crazy) is the 10th studio album by Mexican pop singer Daniela Romo that finished a decade. This is a mix of romantic ballads, boleros and rancheras produced by Bebu Silvetti. It has her own version of the song "Quisiera decir tu nombre" (I'd like to call your name) of José Luis Perales and the song that gives the name of the title was written by Armando Manzanero and recorded as duet with Joan Manuel Serrat.

Track listing
Tracks:
 "Miénteme"
 "Tu eres mi destino"
 "Alma corazón y vida"
 "Y háblame"
 "Poquito a poquito"
 "Me vuelves loca" (Duet with Joan Manuel Serrat)
 "Otra vez"
 "Caminito"
 "Imágenes"
 "Mio, siempre mio"
 "Una noche contigo"
 "Quisiera decir tu nombre"

References

1999 albums
Daniela Romo albums


The Czech Athletics Federation (, , abbreviated ČAS) is the governing body for the sport of athletics in the Czech Republic. Its president since 2009 is .

History
The history of ČAS dates back to 1897 when Česká amatérská atletická unie (ČAAU, Czech Amateur Athletic Union) was founded. It originally covered wide range of sports including football, skiing or tennis but with the gradual establishment of separate organizations for these sports only athletics remained under ČAAU after 1911. Women's athletics, originally governed by handball federation was incorporated into ČAAU in 1928. After the end of World War II and the re-establishment of Czechoslovakia, hard negotiations took place in order to secure equal position for Slovak athletes who maintained a separate national organization during war years. This was reflected in name change to Československá amatérská atletická unie (ČSAAU, Czechoslovak Amateur Athletic Union) in 1947. Another name change to Československý atletický svaz (ČAS, Czechoslovak Athletic Federation) came one year later when the new communist government put in effect profound changes in the organization of sports. During the late communist period there were also (merely formal) subdivisions of ČAS, one for Czech and one for Slovak part of the federation named Český atletický svaz and Slovenský atletický zväz. After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1992 these branches became full scale national governing bodies for athletics in their respective countries.

Kits
The Czech Republic's kits are currently supplied by Joma.

See also
 Czech records in athletics

References

External links

Czech Republic
Athletics
Athletics in the Czech Republic
National governing bodies for athletics
Sports organizations established in 1897
1897 establishments in Austria-Hungary


The Triple Crown of Hurdling is awarded to a horse that wins all three of the open, two-mile Grade 1 Hurdling races in any given English National Hunt season:

The Fighting Fifth Hurdle, held at the Newcastle Racecourse
The Christmas Hurdle, held at Kempton Park Racecourse
The Champion Hurdle, held at Cheltenham Racecourse

From 2006 to 2010, the World Bet Exchange (WBX) put up a £1,000,000 bonus for any horse that wins the Triple Crown. WBX offered the prize, the richest in hurdling history. The bonus was split among the winning horse's connections as follows:
Owner: £700,000
Trainer: £150,000
Stable Lad: £100,000
Stable Staff: £50,000

Before 2023, the only horse to win all three races in one season was Kribensis, a grey Henbit gelding, trained by Sir Michael Stoute in 1989–90. Since the WBX bonus was introduced, only Punjabi and Go Native came close to claiming the prize, each winning two of the three races. After the bonus was withdrawn, their achievements were matched by My Tent Or Yours and Faugheen. However, in the 2022/2023 season, the breath-taking Bay gelding Constitution Hill, trained by Nicky Henderson and ridden by Nico de Boinville, swept all three races and claimed the Triple Crown for owner Michael Buckley.

Punjabi (2008/09)
Punjabi was the first horse who came closest of winning the WBX bonus. After narrowly beating the former champion hurdler Sublimity by a head in the 2008 Fighting Fifth Hurdle, Punjabi fell heavily in the 2008 Christmas Hurdle at the second-last flight while vying for the lead. Three months later, Punjabi held off the late rally of Celestial Halo to win the 2009 Smurfit Kappa Champion Hurdle as a 22/1 outsider.

His trainer, Nicky Henderson, was left to regret what might have been: "He was the forgotten horse. We'd have won a £1 million bonus if he hadn't fallen in the Christmas Hurdle at Kempton. He would have won I think. He was cantering. Anyway this makes up for it." Punjabi's owner, Raymond Tooth, later described Punjabi's fall at Kempton as, "...probably the most expensive fall in the history of racing."

Go Native (2009/10)
Without his normal jockey Paul Carberry,  Go Native entered the 2009 Fighting Fifth Hurdle as a 25-1 long-shot.   Go Native and jockey Davy Condon went on to win the race by 2.5 lengths over Sublimity. Paul Carberry was quoted as saying: It wasn't a surprise to me. It looked tough on paper, but we know how good he is.

Go Native, owned by the Docado Syndicate, entered the Christmas Hurdle as the 5-2 second favourite (behind Binocular), and went on to secure a narrow victory over Starluck.

A win in the 2010 Cheltenham Festival for Go Native would have made him the first horse to win the WBX bonus. Over £205,000 was wagered on WBX for the 2009-10 Triple Crown to be won, the market was backed in from a high of 49/1 before the first leg to a low of 3.8/1 prior to the Champion Hurdle.  With jockey Paul Carberry set to ride Go Native, Meade said of his horse:  He's in great order and I couldn't be happier with him. It's all systems go. He looks great, he had a little breeze out on the track and he was nice and fresh. His last piece of work was pretty good all right, we were very happy with it.  Unfortunately, Go Native was unable to clear the second hurdle cleanly and could not recover, finishing the race in 10th place.

Triple Crown leg winners since the 1979/80 season

Note

Notes

See also
 Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United Kingdom)
 Horseracing in Great Britain

National Hunt hurdle races
 List of British National Hunt races


The snake mackerel (Gempylus serpens) is the sole species of fish in the  monotypic genus Gempylus, belonging to the family Gempylidae (which is also referred to generally as "snake mackerels"). It is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans between the latitudes of 42°N and 40°S; adults are known to stray into temperate waters. It is found to a depth of . Populations of the snake mackerel from the Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific differ in vertebral count (51–55 versus 48–50) and number of first dorsal fin spines (30–32 versus 26–30), and so may represent separate species.

Description
The snake mackerel has a very long, slender, laterally compressed body. It has a long, pointed head, measuring 17–18% of the standard length, and a large mouth with the lower jaw protruding beyond the upper. Both jaws are densely packed with sharp teeth; the first few teeth in the upper jaw are enlarged into fangs. The pectoral fins contain 12–15 rays; the pelvic fins are tiny and located beneath the pectorals, containing 1 small spine and 3–4 rays. There are two dorsal fins; the first is long and spiny, and is followed immediately by the second, which contains 1 tiny spine and 11–14 soft rays. The anal fin originates opposite the second dorsal fin and consists of 2 free spines followed by 1 spine and 10–12 rays. The dorsal and anal fins are followed by 6–7 finlets. There are two lateral lines, with the upper running to the rear of the first dorsal fin and the lower running to the caudal peduncle. The scales are mostly absent. The coloration is metallic brown, with dark fins. This species grows to  in length.

Behaviour

Adult snake mackerels conduct a diel vertical migration, staying in deeper water during the day and rising to the surface at night to feed. The young and juveniles also migrate vertically but in the opposite direction, staying near the surface during the day and moving deeper at night. This species feeds on squid, pelagic crustaceans, and bony fishes such as lanternfishes, flying fishes, sauries, and mackerel. It is in turn preyed upon by tuna and marlin. There was an 80 cm long specimen found inside a dead black swallower which measured 25 cm. Reproduction is oviparous, with females producing 300,000 to 1,000,000 eggs. Spawning occurs year-round; spawning areas are known to exist in the Caribbean Sea and off the coast of Florida. Males reach sexual maturity at  long and females at  long. As the fish mature and move into deeper water where there is less available light, they lose the cone cells in their eyes in favor of rod cells.

Human interaction
The snake mackerel is caught as bycatch in the tuna longline fishery and is of minor commercial importance. It is marketed frozen or in sausages and fish cakes. In Hawaii, this fish is known as hāuliuli and is considered good eating cooked or dried. King Kamehameha was apparently not fond of it, as he once remarked that it is a "delicious fish for the back country people", meaning fine for those who could not obtain anything better. A night-time encounter with Gempylus species in the open sea is described by Thor Heyerdahl in the accounts of the Kon-Tiki expedition. After a member of the raft expedition was awoken by a mysterious fish landing on his sleeping bag, the crew member caught a long thin fish that was "over three feet long, as slender as a snake, with dull black eyes and long snout with a greedy jaw full of long sharp teeth. The teeth were sharp as knives and could be folded back into the roof of the mouth to make way for what is swallowed." Later Thor Heyerdahl notes: "Only the skeleton of a fish like this one had been found a few times on the coast of South America and the Galapagos Islands; ichthyologists ... thought it lived at the bottom of the sea at a great depth, because no one had ever seen it alive. But if it lived at a great depth, this must at any rate be by day, when the sun blinded the big eyes. For on dark nights Gempylus was abroad high over the surface of the sea; we on the raft had experience of that".

References

Gempylidae
Fish described in 1829
Taxa named by Georges Cuvier


Volodymyr Mykolayovych Savchenko (; ; born 9 September 1973) is a Ukrainian football coach and a former player who played as goalkeeper. He works as a goalkeepers' coach for the Under-19 squad of FC Rostov. He played for FC Seoul of the South Korean K League, then known as Anyang LG Cheetahs.

Honours
 Russian Cup winner: 2004.
 Russian Cup finalist: 2003.
 Russian First Division best goalkeeper: 2004.

European club competitions
 1999 UEFA Intertoto Cup with FC Rostselmash Rostov-on-Don: 1 game.
 2000 UEFA Intertoto Cup with FC Rostselmash Rostov-on-Don: 1 game.
 2004–05 UEFA Cup qualification rounds with FC Terek Grozny: 4 games.

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Footballers from Donetsk
Ukrainian men's footballers
Ukraine men's international footballers
Ukrainian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in South Korea
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Men's association football goalkeepers
Russian Premier League players
FC Metalist Kharkiv players
FC Seoul players
FC Rostov players
FC Akhmat Grozny players
FC Lada-Tolyatti players
K League 1 players
Ukraine men's under-21 international footballers
Soviet men's footballers
FC Mayak Valky players
FC CSKA-Borysfen Kyiv players