Filtered beer refers to any ale, lager, or fermented malt beverage in which the sediment left over from the brewing process has been removed. Ancient techniques included the use of straw mats, cloth, or straws, and frequently left some sediment in the drink. Modern filtration, introduced at the end of the 19th century, uses a mechanical process that can remove all sediment, including yeast, from the beer. Such beer is known as bright beer and requires force carbonation before bottling or serving from a keg. In the United Kingdom, a beer which has been filtered in the brewery is known as "brewery-conditioned", as opposed to unfiltered cask ales.

Filtration

Beer is mechanically filtered by flowing the beer through layers of filter material; the two main techniques are surface filtration and cake filtration. Filters range from rough filters that remove much of the yeast and any solids (e.g. hops, grain particles) left in the beer, to filters fine enough to strain colour and body from the beer. The normal filtration ratings are defined as rough, fine or sterile. Rough filtration leaves some cloudiness in the beer, but it is noticeably clearer than unfiltered beer. Fine filtration yields a beer which is nearly transparent and not cloudy, although observation of the scattering of light through the beer will reveal the presence of some small particles. Finally, as its name implies, sterile filtration is fine enough that almost all microorganisms in the beer have been removed. Beer which has been filtered is usually held in "bright tanks" at the brewery before bottling or additional treatment.

A beer which is filtered is stable, so all conditioning has stopped - as such it is termed "brewery-conditioned". Beers which are in contact with the yeast are known as bottle-conditioned or cask-conditioned.

Sheet filters use pre-made media and are relatively straightforward. The sheets are manufactured to allow only particles smaller than a given size through, and the brewer is free to choose how finely to filter the beer. The sheets are placed into the filtering frame, sterilized (with hot water, for example) and then used to filter the beer. The sheets can be flushed if the filter becomes blocked, and usually the sheets are disposable and are replaced between filtration sessions. Often the sheets contain powdered filtration media to aid in filtration.

Pre-made filters have two sides: one with loose holes, and the other with tight holes. Flow goes from the side with loose holes to the side with the tight holes, with the intent that large particles get stuck in the large holes while leaving enough room around the particles and filter medium for smaller particles to go through and get stuck in tighter holes.

Sheets are sold in nominal ratings, and typically 90% of particles larger than the nominal rating are caught by the sheet. For sterile filtration, a typical size is 1 micrometre or less.

Filters that use a powder medium are considerably more complicated to operate, but can filter much more beer before needing to be regenerated. Common media include diatomaceous earth (kieselguhr) and perlite.

Cold filtering
Though all filtering is done cold, the term cold filtering is used for a filtering process in which the beer is chilled so the protein molecules clump together and are easier to filter out. Breweries tend to differentiate cold filtered beers from those that have been heat pasteurised.

Bright beer

When a beer has been left to allow the yeast to settle at the bottom of the vessel in which it is held (usually a conditioning or lagering tank), it has "dropped bright". Finings can be introduced during the production of beer in order to induce it to drop bright more readily.

Home brewed beer

Beer filtration is also common on a small scale.  It is not uncommon for homebrewers (those who brew their own beer at home, often in small batches around ) to filter their own beer.  While they lack the sophisticated equipment of large-scale breweries, they can achieve satisfactory results using canister filters with successive, replaceable filter cartridges or pads. Most homebrewers will only filter their beer down to 5 μm to remove the majority of yeast and sediment, although some may filter their beer down to 1.0 or 0.5 μm.  Anything smaller introduces risk of removing flavor and beneficial compounds.

References

External links

Brewing
Beer vessels and serving


Andrew Thomas Massey (born 20 October 1961) is an English former footballer who played as a midfielder for Millwall, Port Vale, Aldershot, Fisher Athletic, Bromley, and Erith & Belvedere. He scored 12 goals in 163 league games in a six-year career in the Football League, and won both the FA Youth Cup and Football League Group Cup with Millwall.

Career
Massey started his career with Millwall where he was an FA Youth Cup winner in 1979 after a 2–0 victory over Manchester City. The "Lions" finished 16th in the Third Division in 1980–81  and then ninth in 1981–82 under Peter Anderson's stewardship. Millwall finished 17th in 1982–83 and ninth again in 1983–84, and Massey played in the 3–2 victory over Lincoln City at Sincil Bank in the 1983 League Group Cup final. However, he fell out of favour with new manager George Graham. He was sent out to John Rudge's Port Vale on a one-month loan deal in March 1984. He played four Third Division games and scored a goal in 3–2 defeat to Rotherham United at Vale Park on 2 April. After returning to The Den he was involved in a swap deal which saw him join Aldershot and Les Briley go the other way. Ron Harris's "Shots" finished 13th in the Fourth Division in 1984–85, and then 16th in 1985–86 under Len Walker's stewardship. Massey scored three goals in 71 league games during his two years at the Recreation Ground. He later moved on to a handful of non-League sides, including: Fisher Athletic, Bromley (on loan) and Erith & Belvedere.

Career statistics
Source:

Honours
Millwall
FA Youth Cup: 1979
Football League Group Cup: 1983

References

1961 births
Living people
Footballers from New Cross
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Millwall F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Aldershot F.C. players
Fisher Athletic F.C. players
Bromley F.C. players
Erith & Belvedere F.C. players
English Football League players
Southern Football League players


William, Bill or Billy Gooderham may refer to members of the prominent Canadian Gooderham family, including
William Gooderham Sr. (1790–1881), Canadian distiller, businessman, and banker
William Gooderham Jr. (1824–1889), Canadian businessman and philanthropist, eldest son of William Sr.
Bill Gooderham (1919–1979), Canadian Olympic sailor
Billy Gooderham (born 1988), Canadian sailor in the 2011 ISAF Sailing World Championships, grandson of Bill Gooderham (1919–1979)


Andrew Massey (1 May 1946 – 1 June 2018) was an English conductor and composer who was primarily active in the United States.

From 1991–2002 he was principal conductor of the Toledo Symphony Orchestra. He had previously held the post of principal conductor with the Fresno Philharmonic, the New Orleans Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra and the Rhode Island Philharmonic Orchestra. He later served as conductor for the Middlebury College orchestra and an interim conductor for the Vermont Youth Orchestra.

He died in his home in Vermont on 1 June 2018, age 72, after a long battle with cancer.

References

External links
Official Website of Andrew Massey

1946 births
2018 deaths
English composers
English conductors (music)
British male conductors (music)
English emigrants to the United States
English male composers
20th-century British conductors (music)
20th-century English musicians
21st-century British conductors (music)
21st-century English musicians
20th-century British male musicians
21st-century British male musicians


Holly Matthews (née Wilkinson; born 13 October 1984) is an English actress and vlogger. From 1995 to 2003, she portrayed the role of Emma Miller in the BBC series Byker Grove.

Career
Matthews started her career in the BBC children's drama Byker Grove, portraying the role of Emma Miller from 1995 to 2003. In 2003, she left the series to pursue a singing career after signing to Sony UK, and released a single, "Little Miss Perfect". The song's instrumentation consists of a guitar and synthesiser. An editor from Cambridge News noted that "Little Miss Perfect" is reminiscent of songs released by Canadian recording artist, Avril Lavigne. However, they felt that it was "not the worst single ever made", although "not one you're likely to remember either." Matt Gray of The Digital Fix wrote that the song "doesn't quite scan", and joked that it has "all the ferocity and attitude of a cute ickle Care Bear. He also felt that "Amy Studt and Avril Lavigne do it a lot better" and went on to describe it as a "bland, uninspired pop tune". "Little Miss Perfect" peaked at number 32 on the UK Singles Chart in the week dated 28 February 2004.

Matthews attended the British drama school East 15 in 2005, and left after winning a high-profile role in the BBC drama Waterloo Road, playing the bully Leigh-Ann Galloway. Since that role, Matthews has continued to act in BBC's Doctors, playing Connie Whitfield; in ITV's The Bill playing drug addict Josie Clarke; and she was back in Doctors in 2009, playing Tansy Flack.

Away from her acting career, Matthews works as a self-development coach. In November 2016, she launched her flagship online, self-development course The Bossing it! Academy.

After the death of her husband following a three-year battle with a brain tumour, Matthews launched The Happy Me Project online, her straight-talking brand of self-development.

Matthews is a Huffington Post blogger, and was personally asked by Arianna Huffington to write for Thrive Global. Matthews is also a paid vlogger, creating content for Channel Mum.

Filmography

Personal life
Matthews gave birth five weeks early to a daughter, Brooke, early in 2011. At five months old, Brooke was diagnosed with meningitis, which Matthews herself had at seven years old. In October 2016,  a video showing Brooke telling off the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Theresa May, went viral. Matthews also has a daughter called Texas born in 2013.

On 29 July 2017, Matthews' husband Ross Blair, son of Andy Blair and brother of Matty Blair, died from a brain tumour. Matthews has raised more than £11,000 for the Warwickshire hospice where her husband spent his final days.

References

External links

English television actresses
1984 births
Living people
English bloggers
British women bloggers
Actresses from Newcastle upon Tyne


Three is the third solo album by Canadian indie rock musician Joel Plaskett, released on March 24, 2009. Plaskett produced and recorded the album himself at his own Scotland Yard studio in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.

In addition to being released as a triple album, the number three is reflected in several other aspects of the album. Each disc has nine songs on it, many of which are titled with a single word or phrase repeated three times. The album's release date of 3/24/09 also consists of numbers divisible by three, the cover features an image of Plaskett holding three fingers up, and preorders through MapleMusic were distributed with access to exclusive tickets, priced at $66, which would entitle the purchaser to a seat in the first twelve rows of Plaskett's concert at Toronto's Massey Hall the night before the album's release. According to Plaskett, the discs tell a story of "going away, being alone and coming home", with each disc representing one of those three themes.

Guest musicians on the album include singers Ana Egge and Rose Cousins, who were at the Folk Alliance festival in Memphis in 2007. The three of them tried jamming at Easley McCain Recording in Memphis, and Plaskett decided he wanted to have them on his new album and write parts for them. Plaskett's father Bill was also a significant contributor to the album, offering songwriting and arranging, vocals, and playing bouzouki, acoustic guitar, tenor guitar, and piano.

The album was shortlisted for the 2009 Polaris Music Prize. It won Contemporary Album of the Year at the 2009 Canadian Folk Music Awards.

In June 2009, Plaskett released a follow-up EP, entitled Three More, which contained three songs not featured on the original album.

In 2010, Plaskett released a condensed version of Three called Three to One primarily for the non-Canadian market.

Track listing

Three More

Three to One

References

2009 albums
Joel Plaskett albums
MapleMusic Recordings albums
Juno Award for Adult Alternative Album of the Year albums


Team Braemar is a junior-level synchronized skating team representing Braemar City of Lakes Figure Skating Club, based in Edina, Minnesota. They are the Junior 2009 Midwestern and U.S. champions. The team also earned silver at the Foot of the Lake Junior World Qualifier competition in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Team Braemar were the 2007 winner of the Zagreb Snowflakes Trophy, skated in the opening ceremonies of the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, and earned third place at the U.S. nationals championship in 2007.

Team Braemar is the name for all teams fielded by Braemar City of Lakes Figure Skating Club fields teams: junior, novice, intermediate, juvenile and beginners'.

References

External links

Team Braemar Home Page

Junior synchronized skating teams
Sports clubs and teams in Minnesota
Figure skating in the United States


The Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (), formerly Finnish Geodetic Institute (FGI, , ) is a research institute in Finland specializing in geodesy and geospatial information science and technology. It merged into the National Land Survey of Finland in 2015, when its name was changed. It is located in Masala, Kirkkonummi.

History
The FGI was founded in 1918. The institute creates and maintains national coordinate, height, and gravity systems. It also participates in projects that try to advance spatial data infrastructure and conducts research on geodynamics, advanced spatial data and remote sensing and photogrammetry. The institute also has a statutory responsibility to maintain the national standards of acceleration of free fall and geodetic length.

Organization
The FGI is currently divided into four departments:
Geodesy and Geodynamics
Geoinformatics and Cartography
Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry
Navigation and Positioning

External links
Finnish Geospatial Research Institute web page

Research institutes in Finland
Geodesy organizations


(English The Phoenix) is the 11th studio album by Mexican pop singer Daniela Romo. It was released in the year of 2001. This was seen as an edgy and daring move by the public, making a significant departure from the usual material of career, with sounds very similar to artists like Kylie Minogue and Madonna, but it was a commercial failure due to the poor promotion by Daniela's team and her compromises with the telenovela El Manantial.

History
A production by Romo and Miguel Bosé's producer Loris Ceroni, all the tracks were written primarily by herself. It has new versions of her greatest hits: "Quiero amanecer con alguien" (I want to wake up with someone), "De mí enamórate" (Fall in love with me) and "Yo no te pido la luna" (I don't ask you for the moon). This project was mainly inspired by Cher's comeback effort Believe, adopting her smooth vocals with dance beats. It was largely ignored because Romo would go on to do telenovelas instead of promoting it.

Track listing
 "Te quiero mi amor"
 "Sombras amantes"
 "Atarte a mi corazón"
 "El ayer"
 "Run run (Corre riesgos)"
 "Ave fénix"
 "Piensa en mí"
 "Llévame"
 "Soledad sin fin"
 "Somos solo dos"
 "Las heridas"
 "Quiero amanecer con alguien" (New version)
 "De Mí Enamórate" (New version)
 "Yo no te pido la luna" (New version)

Credits
Loris Ceroni: Piano, Arranger, Keyboards, bajo sexto, Mastering, Mixing, Realization, Recording
Alberto Mantovani: Piano, Arranger, Keyboards
Cesar Ramirez: Assistant
Daniela Romo: Producer, Liner Notes, Adaptation

References

2001 albums
Daniela Romo albums


Al Murray's Multiple Personality Disorder is a British sketch show starring comedian Al Murray. The multi character aspect of the show was a departure from Murray's previous television comedy work, as the sole character The Pub Landlord. The show ran from 27 February to 12 April 2009, airing in the Friday night prime time slot on ITV (ITV1 & UTV). STV in Scotland did not broadcast the programme. It was commissioned on 4 June 2008.

Characters
Ueber bomb führer Horst Schwul (Murray) – A camp, gay, Nazi officer (Schwul being German for gay)
Barrington Blowtorch – Victorian gentleman thief Barrington Blowtorch (Murray) who talks his way out of trouble when caught by the inspector (Wall) by using unbelievable stories.
Gary Parsley (Murray) – A demanding, extravagant, flamboyant pop star whose career peaked in the 1970s. He is from Billericay and based on Elton John.
Peter Taylor (Murray and Eclair) – A husband and wife obsessed with sex who constantly embarrass their daughter and her boyfriend. He has a prominent West Country accent.
Gay Best Friend (Murray) – Gaz, the Geordie pretending to be gay to get closer to a girl friend.
Mobile phone shop assistants (Brodkin and Murray) – Two chavs (the cashier and his boss) who epitomise Britain's poor quality of customer service.
Jason Bent (Brodkin and Murray) – A stereotypical Premier League footballer with a Scouse accent (Brodkin), speaking to the post match interviewer after the game (Murray).
Duncan's Den' – (Bannatyne as himself, Solon, Murray) A businessman, Duncan Bannatyne, plays himself, looking to invest £1 million in business venture. A parody of Dragons' Den, where the only ever contestant is hapless young divorcée Carole Price, interviewed by host (Murray).
The Celeb News Tramps – Two homeless people who are up to date on all the celebrity stories as they sleep under tabloid newspapers.
The PC P.C.s – (several) This spoof of The Bill satirises the excessive political correctness in the British police force.
Lee Nelson (Brodkin) – A chav walking his dog who philosophises on life.
The Radio Ad Couple (Murray and Eclair) a couple who only ever converse in the style of radio advertisements.
Intolerant Vicar (Murray) A vicar who is constantly outraged at the inappropriate untraditional song selection for services.
Roger Dennis (Murray) A pilot whose pre-takeoff announcements are always inappropriate.
Big Baby  (Murray) A life-size baby as an executive businessman.
Wayne Upman (Murray) A man who has always had it harder than anybody relating a bad experience to him.

Writers
Al Murray
Simon Brodkin
Mark Augustyn
John Camm
Chris England
Paul Hawksbee
Tony MacMurray
Will Maclean
Daniel Maier
Matt Simpson
Laura Solon
Paul Powell

Supporting cast
Simon Brodkin
Jenny Eclair
Sadie Hasler
Colin Hoult
Laura Solon
Kim Wall
Katy Wix

Guest appearances
 Rebecca Front – Police boss (ep 1)
 Peter Davison – Doctor (ep 4)
 Michael Winner – self (ep 6)
 Sylvester McCoy – various (ep 6)
 Sally Lindsay – various (ep 6)
 John Barrowman – Camp American Airman (ep 7)

Critical reception
Al Murray's Multiple Personality Disorder provoked considerable controversy, receiving very sharp criticism from some quarters of the press, whilst attracting positive reviews from others. In particular, a scathing review of the show by Tim Teeman was published in The Times, berating the show for its perceived homophobia due to the characterisation of Horst Schwul:

This view was backed up by The Scotsman, which described the characters as "crass" and "one-dimensional", and describing Schwul as "undoubtedly the worst comedy character in the history of civilisation".

By contrast,  the Daily Mirror gave the show a broadly positive review,  praising Murray and Eclair's performance as the Radio Ad Couple, and suggesting the show demonstrates that "the spirit of Benny Hill lives on". The Daily Telegraph noted that, whilst "parts of it may be too crude for some tastes... there are some winning ideas", whilst The Independent also enjoyed several sketches.<ref>Tom Sutcliffe. The Weekend's Television... The Independent. 2 March 2009.</ref>

However, The Stage'' was disappointed with the show, describing it as "very lazy comedy...dependent upon ridiculous costumes and cod accents to get laughs".

References

Further reading
 Al Murray reveals new characters

External links

2009 British television series debuts
2009 British television series endings
2000s British LGBT-related comedy television series
2000s British television sketch shows
English-language television shows
ITV sketch shows
Television series by ITV Studios


The Pelican Bay Light (or Port of Brookings Light) is a small, privately owned lighthouse in Brookings, Oregon, United States. It overlooks the Port of Brookings Harbor and the mouth of the Chetco River. Built as an addition to an existing house, Pelican Bay Light is maintained by the Cady family of Brookings.

See also
List of lighthouses on the Oregon Coast

References

Lighthouses completed in 1997
Lighthouses in Oregon
Oregon Coast
Transportation buildings and structures in Curry County, Oregon
Brookings, Oregon
Curry County, Oregon


Cynodontosuchus is an extinct genus of baurusuchid mesoeucrocodylian. Fossils have been found from Argentina of Late Cretaceous age from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation (dating back to the Santonian), the Pichi Picun Leufu Formation (dating back to the Coniacian and Santonian). the Tiupampan Santa Lucía Formation of Bolivia.

Description
Cynodontosuchus was the first non-Cenozoic sebecosuchian to be described, being assigned to the suborder in 1896 by Arthur Smith Woodward. It was described on the basis of an incomplete snout and articulated lower jaw. The presence of a large saber-like second maxillary tooth and a diastema between the maxilla and premaxilla that made room for a large mandibular tooth suggests that Cynodontosuchus is a member of the family Baurusuchidae. It has been proposed several times that the genus is a senior synonym of Baurusuchus. However, it differs from Baurusuchus in that its rostrum is less deep and has five maxillary teeth.

References

Baurusuchids
Coniacian life
Santonian life
Campanian life
Maastrichtian life
Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
Late Cretaceous crocodylomorphs of South America
Paleocene reptiles of South America
Tiupampan
Cretaceous Argentina
Fossils of Argentina
Bajo de la Carpa Formation
Paleogene Bolivia
Fossils of Bolivia
Santa Lucía Formation
Fossil taxa described in 1896
Danian genera
Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera


Fringe is an American drama series that aired on Fox from September 9, 2008, to January 18, 2013. It has been nominated for a variety of different awards including two Primetime Emmy Awards, fifteen Saturn Awards (winning seven), eight Golden Reel Awards, two Satellite Awards, and two Writers Guild of America Awards.

The Fringe series follows an FBI Fringe Division team based in Boston, Massachusetts.  The team uses unorthodox "fringe" science and FBI investigative techniques to investigate "the Pattern", a series of unexplained and often ghastly occurrences taking place all over the world. Joshua Jackson and Jasika Nicole both garnered nominations for their starring and co-starring roles. Leonard Nimoy received a Saturn Award, for his guest stint on the show. "Pilot" is the most nominated single episode of the series, receiving nominations at five different awards ceremonies and six nominations total. The episode garnered a VES award, and was nominated for the series' first Emmy.

Emmy Awards
The Primetime Emmy Awards are presented annually by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences.

Technical awards are presented annually the day before the Primetime Emmy Award event is held. They are called the Creative Arts Emmy Awards. In 2009, Fringe has been nominated for two awards, honoring its special effects.

Creative Arts Emmy Awards

Golden Reel Awards
The Golden Reel Awards are presented annually by the Motion Picture Sound Editors. Fringe has been nominated six times at this ceremony, and has yet to claim a single prize.

Satellite Awards

The Satellite Awards, formerly known as the Golden Satellite Awards, are presented both for cinema and television. Fringe has been nominated twice for John Noble's portrayal of Doctor Walter Bishop

Saturn Awards
The Saturn Awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films and honor science fiction and fantasy films and television shows. For work on the first season, Fringe was nominated for two Saturn Awards, one for Best Network Television Series and another for Anna Torv's performance as Agent Olivia Dunham. The following year, Fringe was again nominated in the same categories, as well as Leonard Nimoy for his guest work as Dr. William Bell. However, this time Fringe received accolades for Best Actress and Best Guest Star on Television.

Writers Guild of America Awards

The Writers Guild of America Awards are presented annually by the Writers Guild of America. Fringe has been nominated for two awards.

 J.J. Abrams, Jason Cahill, Julia Cho, David H. Goodman, Felicia Henderson, Brad Caleb Kane, Alex Kurtzman, Darin Morgan, J. R. Orci, Roberto Orci, Jeff Pinkner, and Zack Whedon.

Other awards
Fringe has claimed massive success achievement in award categories praising the series as a whole, and has also laid claim to numerous acting accolades. Fringe has had success in being nominated for various visual effects and cinematography awards. Fringe's official website's content as well as the website itself, have garnered numerous honors. "Pilot" is the most nominated episode of the series for visual effects and cinematography.

References

External links

Fringe (TV series)
Fringe


Amel Mujčinović (born 20 November 1973) is a retired Bosnian-Herzegovinian football goalkeeper.

International career
He was capped once for Bosnia and Herzegovina, appearing as a second-half substitute for Adnan Gušo in a friendly match against Hungary in 2001.

References

External links
Player profile at NZS

1973 births
Living people
Footballers from Tuzla
Men's association football goalkeepers
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's international footballers
NK Celje players
FC Anzhi Makhachkala players
NK Mura players
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Russian Premier League players
Russian First League players
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Slovenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Slovenia
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Russia


Lorne Munroe (November 24, 1924 – May 4, 2020) was an American cellist. He was principal cellist of the Philadelphia Orchestra from 1951 to 1964 and principal cellist of the New York Philharmonic from 1964 to 1996. He was a featured soloist more than 150 times during the 32 seasons he played for the New York Philharmonic. His last performance with the orchestra as a member of the ensemble was on February 27, 1996; although he later returned as a guest artist.

Early life
Munroe was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada in November 1924. When he was three years old he learned to play the cello by using a viola with a leg attached. He won the Winnipeg Music Competition festival at 10. At age 14, he was sponsored by composer Arthur Benjamin to attend the Royal College of Music in London in 1937–39. In his final year, he played with Benjamin a piece the composer wrote for Munroe. He continued his studies in Philadelphia at the Curtis Institute of Music, where he was a student of cellist Gregor Piatigorsky and Orlando Cole.

Career

After serving in the US Army during World War II, he graduated from Curtis. In 1949, he was the sole winner of the Naumburg award and made his recital debut in New York in November of that year. In 1949-50, he performed with the Cleveland Orchestra, before taking two positions as principal cello, first with the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra in 1950–51, and the Philadelphia Orchestra in 1951.

In 1964, he was invited by Leonard Bernstein to become the principal cellist of the New York Philharmonic. This period also saw him performing as a soloist. One such occasion was during a Young People's Concert broadcast aired Christmas Day, 1968, in a performance of Richard Strauss' Don Quixote.

He also taught at the Juilliard School and at the Philadelphia Musical Academy (now University of the Arts).

Personal life
In 1945, he married violist Janée Munroe, with whom he had 10 sons and one daughter. Janée died September 10, 2006.

Lorne Munroe died in May 2020 at the age of 95.

References
Citations

External links

1924 births
2020 deaths
20th-century American musicians
20th-century Canadian male musicians
20th-century classical musicians
Canadian classical cellists
Canadian classical musicians
Canadian expatriate musicians in the United States
Curtis Institute of Music alumni
Military personnel from Philadelphia
Musicians from Winnipeg
Musicians of the Philadelphia Orchestra
University of the Arts (Philadelphia) faculty
United States Army personnel of World War II
20th-century cellists


The Kerala State Film Award for Best Editor winners:

References

External links
Official website
PRD, Govt. of Kerala: Awardees List

Kerala State Film Awards
Film editing awards


Barrachois  is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island.

References
Barrachois on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


The 1908–09 Ottawa Hockey Club season was the club's 24th season, third in the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association. Ottawa won the league championship and took over the Stanley Cup from the Montreal Wanderers.

Team business
This was the first season that the Club played as professionals as the amateur clubs dropped out of the league. There was turnover in Ottawa as Harvey Pulford and Alf Smith retired and Tom Phillips left. Ottawa would replace these players with Edgar Dey, Billy Gilmour and Albert 'Dubby' Kerr from Toronto Professionals. Alf Smith would organize the Ottawa Senators of the Federal Hockey League.

Ottawa played an exhibition game prior to the season with the Toronto Professionals on January 2 in Toronto. Ottawa lost to Toronto 5–4. Dubby Kerr played for Toronto, and signed with Ottawa a week later. Kerr had been the subject of a dispute between the Toronto and Berlin teams. The OPHL awarded Kerr to Guelph, but he instead left to join Ottawa.

Regular season
Marty Walsh would win the scoring championship with 38 goals. Ottawa would average nearly ten goals per game. After losing the first game, Ottawa then won the next ten in a row before losing in the final game of the season, when the league championship was already won.

Final standing

Schedule and results

Goaltending averages

Leading scorers

Ottawa Hockey Club 1909 Stanley Cup Champions

See also
 1909 ECHA season
 1908 in sports
 1909 in sports
 List of Stanley Cup champions

References
 Podnieks, Andrew; Hockey Hall of Fame (2004). Lord Stanley's Cup. Triumph Books, 12, 50. .

Ottawa Senators (original) seasons
Stanley Cup championship seasons
Ott


Fred or Frederic Shields may refer to:

Fred Shields (soccer) (1912–1985), American soccer player born Fred Zbikowski
Fred J. Shields, American minister, academic, and educator
Frederic Shields (1833–1911), English artist and designer
Fred Shields (1904–1974), actor best known for voicing the Great Prince of the Forest in Disney's Bambi


The UCOII (Unione delle Comunità e Organizzazioni Islamiche in Italia) is one of the main Italian Islamic association.

History

The UCOII, founded in Ancona in 1990, is the product of the fusion of various previously existing organizations: such as the Syrian and Palestinian components of the Unione degli Studenti Musulmani in Italia (USMI) organization, some female Islamic organizations such as Islam Donne and the contribution of some individuals such as Hamza Roberto Piccardo. Hamza Roberto Piccardo is a former militant of Autonomia Operaia who converted to Islam and is currently the director of the publishing house Libreria islamica (formerly known as “Al Hikma”).

The presidency initially had been assumed by Nour Dachan, a leader of the Syrian component of the Muslim Brotherhood. The secretary position initially had been assumed by Ali Abu Shwaima, a leader of the Palestinian component of the same organization; successively the position has gone to Roberto Piccardo.

Criticisms
The mosques affiliated to UCOII are overwhelmingly directly or indirectly linked to the Muslim Brotherhood and for such ties the association has been sourly contested.

The UCOII claims that such ties are limited to the personal militancy of their leadership and the management of UCOII relates more closely to other groups such as: the European Council for Fatwa and Research, European Islam, scholars like the Mufti of Egypt Ali Gomaa, Tariq Ramadan. And the UCOII focusses on the scholarship of Islamic feminists and to the writings of Italian converts and Muslim youths and students in Italy.

However, the European Council for Fatwa and Research is led by Yusuf al-Qaradawi, the leading ideologue of the Muslim Brotherhood. Ali Gomaa is also a member of the organization, while Tariq Ramadan is its leader in Europe and the grandson of its founder Hasan al-Banna. In 2014 the Muslim Brotherhood was declared a terrorist organization by UAE

References

Sources
Andrea Pacini: "I musulmani in Italia. Dinamiche organizzative e processi di interazione con la società e le istituzioni italiane", in S. Ferrari [a cura di], Musulmani in Italia. La condizione giuridica delle comunità islamiche, il Mulino, Bologna (2000).
"Enciclopedia delle religioni in Italia" / CESNUR. [A cura di] Massimo Introvigne ... [et al.]. - Leumann (Torino) : Elledici, 2001. - 1047 S.; (ital.)

External links
Sito ufficiale
Scheda Le religioni in Italia / CESNUR
Tenere a bada gli ultrà dell'Ucoii, di Massimo Introvigne

Islamist groups
Muslim Brotherhood
Organizations with year of establishment missing


Religious Technology Center v. Netcom On-Line Communication Services, Inc., 907 F. Supp. 1361 (N.D. Cal. 1995), is a U.S. district court case about whether the operator of a computer bulletin board service ("BBS") and Internet access provider that allows that BBS to reach the Internet should be liable for copyright infringement committed by a subscriber of the BBS. The plaintiff Religious Technology Center ("RTC") argued that defendant Netcom was directly, contributorily, and vicariously liable for copyright infringement. Netcom moved for summary judgment (i.e., Netcom urged the court to make a judgment without a full trial), disputing RTC's claims and raising a First Amendment argument and a fair use defense. The district court of the Northern District of California concluded that RTC's claims of direct and vicarious infringement failed, but genuine issues of fact precluded summary judgment on contributory liability and fair use. (I.e., facts about contributory liability and fair use that required adjudication by trial precluded the court from making a decision without a trial.)

Facts
Plaintiff RTC held copyrights in the unpublished and published works of L. Ron Hubbard, the late founder of the Church of Scientology. Defendant Dennis Erlich was a vocal critic of the Church via the Usenet newsgroup alt.religion.scientology ("a.r.s."). Erlich posted portions of copyrighted works of RTC on a.r.s.

Erlich gained his access to the Internet through defendant Tom Klemesrud's bulletin board service ("BBS"), which had approximately 500 paying users. Klemesrud's BBS was linked to the Internet through the facilities of defendant Netcom. When Erlich posted messages to Usenet, he transmitted his messages to Klemesrud's computer using a telephone and a modem, and the messages were briefly stored on Klemesrud's computer. Then the messages were automatically copied from Klemesrud's computer to Netcom's computers and other computers on the Usenet according to a prearranged pattern. Once the messages were on Netcom's computers, they were available to Netcom's customers to download. The messages were stored on Netcom's system for eleven days and Klemesrud's system for three days.

RTC failed to persuade Erlich to stop his postings, and contacted Klemesrud and Netcom. Klemesrud asked RTC to prove that it owned the copyright to the works posted by Erlich, but RTC refused. Netcom similarly refused RTC's request that Erlich not be allowed to access the Internet through its system.

Direct infringement
RTC alleged that Netcom was directly liable for making copies of its works. RTC also alleged that Netcom violated its exclusive rights to publicly display copies of its works. In the oral argument, RTC argued that Netcom violated its exclusive right to publicly distribute its works.

Creation of fixed copies
MAI Systems Corp. v. Peak Computer, Inc. established that the loading of data from a storage device into RAM constituted copying, because that data stayed in RAM long enough for it to be perceived. Erlich's act of sending a message to a.r.s. caused reproductions of portions of plaintiffs' work on both Klemesrud's and Netcom's storage devices, and these reproductions were sufficiently "fixed" to constitute recognizable copies under the Copyright Act.

Liability for making copies
The court refused to impose direct liability on Netcom for making copies. The court first reasoned that in contrast with the MAI case, Netcom did not take any affirmative action that could result in copying of RTC's work. The mere fact that Netcom's system incidentally made temporary copies of plaintiff's work did not mean Netcom had caused the copying. The court further stated that although copyright was a strict liability statute, some element of volition or causation was still required to constitute copyright infringement. Since such element was lacking, Netcom was not liable for direct infringement.

The court also considered the negative consequences of holding Netcom directly liable. If Netcom was liable for making autonomous and incidental copies, this would result in liability for every single Usenet server in the worldwide link of computers transmitting Erlich's message to every other computer. The court concluded that there was no need to construe the Copyright Act to make all of these parties infringers.

Public distribution and display
The court held that because the BBS merely stored and passed along all messages sent by its subscribers automatically and indiscriminately, the BBS should not be seen as causing these works to be publicly distributed or displayed. Similar to the creation of fixed copies, since there was no causation, Netcom should not be held liable for copyright infringement.

The court also found that there was no logical reason to hold Netcom uniquely responsible for distributing Erlich's messages. Since every Usenet server had a role in distributing RTC's works, holding Netcom liable would mean liability for all these Usenet servers.

Conclusion
The court held that it could not see any meaningful distinction between what Netcom did and what every other Usenet server did. Adopting a rule that held Netcom liable could lead to the liability of countless parties whose role in the infringement was nothing more than setting up and operating a system that was necessary for the functioning of the Internet.

Contributory infringement
Contributory infringement can be established if the defendant has knowledge of the infringing activity and induces, causes or materially contributes to the infringing conduct of another.

Knowledge of infringing activity
The court held that if RTC could prove that Netcom had knowledge of the infringing activities, Netcom could be liable for contributory infringement since its failure to simply cancel Erlich's infringing message and thereby stop an infringing copy from being distributed could constitute substantial participation. However, there was a question of fact as to whether Netcom knew or should have known that such activities were infringing after receipt of RTC's letter. This genuine issue of fact precluded summary judgment on contributory liability. (I.e., the court could not make a decision on contributory liability without trial because of factual disputes.)

Substantial participation
The court held that Netcom did not completely relinquish control over how its system could be used. If Netcom could take simple measures to prevent further damage to RTC's copyrighted work, yet continued to aid in the accomplishment of Erlich's purpose of publicly distributing the postings, the participation of Netcom would be substantial.

Vicarious liability
A defendant is liable for vicarious liability for the actions of a primary infringer if the defendant (1) has the right and ability to control the infringer's acts and (2) receives a direct financial benefit from the infringement.

Right and ability to control
RTC claimed that Netcom's terms of service specified that Netcom reserved the right to take remedial actions against subscribers. Netcom argued that it could not possibly screen messages before they were posted, and it had never exercised control over the content of users' postings. RTC disputed Netcom's claims. The court concluded that RTC raised a genuine issue of fact as to whether Netcom had the right and ability to exercise control over the activities of its subscribers. (I.e., the court could not make a decision on this issue without trial because of factual disputes.)

Direct financial benefit
The court held that Netcom did not receive direct financial benefit, because Netcom received only a fixed fee, and there was no evidence that infringement by Erlich in any way enhanced the value of Netcom's services to subscribers or attracted new subscribers. Since RTC failed to prove that Netcom received direct financial benefit from the infringing activity, RTC's claim of vicarious liability failed.

First Amendment argument
Netcom argued that RTC's theory of liability contravened the First Amendment. The court held that imposing liability for copyright infringement where it was otherwise appropriate did not necessarily raise a First Amendment issue, since the copyright concepts of the idea/expression dichotomy and the fair use defense balanced the First Amendment and "promoting the progress of science and useful arts" clause of United States Constitution.

Fair use defense
The court considered whether the actions of Netcom qualified as fair use. The Copyright Act has set out four nonexclusive factors.

Purpose and character of the use
The court held that although Netcom's use was to carry out its commercial function as an Internet access provider, the use benefited the public in allowing for the functioning of the Internet. The court also held that since financial incentive was unrelated to the infringing activity, the commercial nature of the use should not be dispositive. Furthermore, Netcom's use of copyrighted material served a completely different function than that of the plaintiffs. Therefore, this factor weighed in favor of fair use.

Nature of the copyrighted work
The works used were unpublished and creative. However, since Netcom's use of the works was merely to facilitate their posting to the Usenet, which was an entirely different purpose than plaintiff's use, the nature of the works was not important to the fair use determination.

Amount and substantiality of portion used
Citing Sony v. Universal, the court stated that the mere fact that all of a work was copied was not determinative of the fair use question. The court held that since Netcom copied no more than necessary to function as a Usenet server, this factor should not defeat an otherwise valid defense.

Effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work
Netcom urged the court to focus on the "normal market" for the copyrighted work, which was through a Scientology-based organization. RTC responded that online distribution had the effect of market substitution. The court held that evidence raised a genuine issue of fact as to the possibility of market harm, which precluded summary judgment. (I.e., the court could not make a decision on this factor without trial because of factual disputes.)

Conclusion
The court concluded that genuine issues of fact precluded summary judgment on contributory copyright infringement liability and Netcom's fair use defense (i.e., the court could not make a decision on contributory infringement and Netcom's fair use defense without trial because of factual disputes), and that RTC's claims of direct and vicarious infringement failed.

Codification
According to H. Rept. 105-551, the case was codified in Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act as a portion of Digital Millennium Copyright Act ("DMCA"). The same report also refers to this case as "the leading and most thoughtful judicial decision to date" on this subject.
CoStar Group, Inc. v. LoopNet, Inc., 373 F.3d 544 (4th Cir. 2004) held that the DMCA did not supplant or preempt the holdings of this case.

See also

 Scientology versus the Internet
 Scientology and the legal system
 List of copyright case law
 CoStar Group, Inc. v. LoopNet, Inc., 373 F.3d 544 (4th Cir. 2004).

References

Further reading

External links

 A law review article about DMCA Safe Harbor
  An introduction of secondary liability for copyright infringement by Professor Jane Ginsburg
 Mark Schultz, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate Feb. 11, 2020
 BBC documentary on the case.

United States copyright case law
United States Internet case law
United States District Court for the Northern District of California cases
Scientology and the Internet
1995 in United States case law
Fair use case law
Scientology litigation


Arlington is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Kings County.

References
  Arlington on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Kings County, Nova Scotia


Patney is a small village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, in the Vale of Pewsey about  south-east of Devizes.

The infant Salisbury Avon forms part of the southern boundary of the parish.

Religious sites
The nearest Anglican church is St John the Baptist at Chirton. Patney had a church since the 12th century, St Swithin's, which was rebuilt in 1878, closed in 1992, and became a private residence in 1996.

The ecclesiastical parish was united with the benefice of Chirton with Marden in 1963, and today is within the area of the Cannings and Redhorn Team Ministry which covers a group of eight churches in the Vale of Pewsey.

Local government
All significant local government services are provided by Wiltshire Council, with its headquarters in Trowbridge, and the parish is represented there by Paul Oatway, who succeeded Brigadier Robert Hall as the councillor for Pewsey Vale West in 2013. In the House of Commons the parish is part of the Devizes constituency.

Railway

The Stert and Westbury Railway was built close to the north of the village in 1900 by the Great Western Railway Company. There was a station where the road to All Cannings crossed the line; it was closed when local services were withdrawn in 1966.

References

External links

 Patney Parish Council

Villages in Wiltshire
Civil parishes in Wiltshire


Sarclet is a remote clifftop crofting township, situated on the east coast of Caithness, lying slightly north of Loch Sarclet in the Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

Sarclet Head extends into the sea and is 0.5 miles to the southeast of the township. Sarclet has a natural harbour called The Haven which was formerly used by fishing boats, but is now largely unused.

The village of Thrumster lies 0.5 miles north west, with Wick located 5 north of the township.

Decoy Site
Sarclet was a location for a Q/QF large-scale night-time decoy airfield during World War II, that were used to simulate burning cities. The site was used to provide some protection for Wick.

References

Populated places in Caithness


Ragale (Kannada: ರಗಳೆ ) is a type of meter in  Kannada prosody  that is used in Kannada poetry.
This meter can usually have as many padas of syllables divided into two groups of various fixed number of matra in each line. It is the most prevalent meter of the Old Kannada poets Harihara and Raghavanka.

Lalita Ragale, Mandānila Ragale, Utsāha Ragale are variations we see in the use of Ragale meter.

Lalita Ragale

In this variation of Ragale meter, each pada has four, syllable groups (Gana). Each syllable group has five matra (time units).

Mandanila Ragale

In this variation of Ragale meter, each pada has four, syllable groups (Gana). Each syllable group has four matra (time units).

Utsaaha Ragale

In this variation of Ragale meter, each pada has four, syllable groups (Gana). Each syllable group has three matra (time units).

Sarala Ragale

Sarala Ragale is the modern version where the rules are flexible and it does not strictly adhere to any of the ragale forms enlisted above but largely retains the Ragale form. Mahachandssu used by Kuvempu is a variation of Sarala Ragale.

See also
Anapaest
Dactyl
Systems of scansion
Trochee

Notes

References

Poetic forms
Literature of Karnataka

es:Pentámetro yámbico
fr:Pentamètre iambique
it:Pentametro giambico
pl:Pentametr jambiczny
pt:Pentâmetro iâmbico


Darijo Biščan (born 26 August 1985) is a Slovenian football striker who plays for SU Semriach in the Austrian lower leagues.

References

External links
Player profile at PrvaLiga
regionalliga.at profile(german)

1985 births
Living people
Men's association football forwards
Slovenian men's footballers
NK Ivančna Gorica players
NK Celje players
FC Koper players
NK Bela Krajina players
KF Bylis players
SAK Klagenfurt players
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Slovenian Second League players
Kategoria Superiore players
Austrian Regionalliga players
Austrian Landesliga players
Austrian 2. Landesliga players
Slovenian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Albania
Slovenian expatriate sportspeople in Albania
Expatriate men's footballers in Austria
Slovenian expatriate sportspeople in Austria


Clementsport is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Annapolis County. It is on the southern shore of the Annapolis Basin and is on Nova Scotia Trunk 1.

The village was established originally as Clements Township by United Empire Loyalists from Long Island, NY, who came to the region at the end of the American Revolution, c. 1785. Its original boundaries extended southwest to the Bear River, south to what was originally called the Hessian Line and is now the Clementsvale Road, and northeast as far as Allain's Creek at the edge of Annapolis Royal. This area included what is now the village of Deep Brook, the village of Cornwallis Park on the site of the former CFB Cornwallis, and Upper Clements Parks. Several homes and churches in the village date to the late 18th and early 19th century.

Formerly an industrial town, Clementsport was the site of extensive wooden shipbuilding, and had an iron smelting factory and dock-works at the mouth of the Moose River. Stores and residences were built out over the river on wooden pilings and stilts, similar to the still-existing structures in the nearby village of Bear River.

The decline of wooden shipbuilding led to the decline of the town, and none of the structures that were built over the river remain. More recent economic decline in the region has led to the closure of several local businesses, including a gas station, convenience stores, a pizzeria, art galleries, and a bed and breakfast.

Clementsport is situated on the Annapolis Basin, along the Moose River. It is at roughly the half-way point between Annapolis Royal and Digby, along Highway 1.

Local Attractions

The Clementsport branch of the Royal Canadian Legion offers a full supper every Friday night and provides a variety of entertainment including live music, cards, crafts and social groups. It serves as a community centre, hosting meetings of groups like the Clements Historical Society and the garden club.

Some locals may be able to direct visitors to the scenic Clementsport Waterfall.

Clementsport has a rug hooking studio, located in the former Community Center on Clementsport Road, and also has two antique shops.

There is also a post office in Clementsport.

Where Route 1 crosses the Moose River, the site of the long-gone shops of Clementsport, there are two memorials:

The first commemorates the exploits of fourteen Clementsport sea captains from the Rawding family. The plaque on the memorial lists the captains' names and dates (between 1771 and 1964), and adds:

"These sea captains, all resident in this locality and members of the one family, roamed the seven seas for 150 years and had under their command some of the largest vessels then existing."

The second cairn, topped by a huge hammer, commemorates the Annapolis Iron Mining Company. The plaque states:

"The trip hammer on which this plaque is placed is all that remains of the Annapolis Iron Mining Company operations. The iron mine was situated three miles south of this location and ore transported in trucks drawn by horses on a railway with rails of maple wood. The extensive stone and brick buildings for smelting and iron working were situated on the eastern side of the mouth of this river. Operations started in 1825 and terminated in 1862."

Former Residents of Note

Clementsport is the birthplace of Edward P. Morse, the industrialist and proprietor of the Morse Dry Dock and Repair Company of New York.

Famous actress Theda Bara visited her parents regularly in this community.

Country legend Wilf Carter spent his summers, as a youth, in Clementsport, visiting relatives who lived in the community.

Gloria Roth, a square-dance caller and organizer of the Maritime Callers' Association, ran an annual square-dance camp at "The House of Roth" for over 30 years, starting around 1970. People traveled to Clementsport from all over North America for the summer activities. Roth was inducted into the Square Dance Foundation of New England's Hall of Fame in 2002.

References

Communities in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia


Family with sequence similarity 20, member C also known as FAM20C or DMP4 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FAM20C gene. Fam20C, a Golgi localized protein kinase, is a serine kinase that phosphorylates both casein and other highly acidic proteins and members of the small integrin-binding ligand, the N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLING) family at the target motif SerXGlu.

Function

Dmp4 causes differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into functional odontoblast cells and is likely to function as a regulator of dentin mineralization. FAM20C is a secretory kinase, responsible for the phosphorylation of all secreted proteins, from milk to bone proteins. Phosphorylation by Fam20C in the secretory pathway is essential for proper biomineralization of bone. The substrate specificity of FAM20C indicates, however, that it is not likely to account for the tyrosine phosphorylation of the secreted protein. The characterization of FAM20C as an active serine kinase in the Golgi apparatus provides a clear precedent that ATP dependent protein phosphorylation can take place in the secretory apparatus. Fam20C knockout mice develop severe hypophosphatemic rickets due to an increased renal phosphate wasting that is likely attributed to the remarkable elevation of serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), while their dentin and enamel defects are largely independent from the hypophosphatemia and appear to be a local effects of phosphorylation failure in the secretory calcium-binding phosphoproteins (SCPPs)

Clinical significance

Mutations in the FAM20C gene are associated with Raine syndrome.

References

Further reading


Dan-Air Flight 1008 was a fatal accident involving a Boeing 727-46 jet aircraft operated by Dan Air Services Limited on an unscheduled international passenger service from Manchester to Tenerife. The crash occurred on 25 April 1980 in a forest on Tenerife's Mount La Esperanza when the aircraft's flight deck crew wrongly executed an unpublished holding pattern in an area of very high ground; it resulted in the aircraft's destruction and the deaths of all 146 on board (138 passengers and eight crew). Flight 1008 was Dan-Air's second major accident in 10 years and the worst accident involving the deaths of fare-paying passengers in the airline's entire history.

Aircraft history and crew information
The aircraft, operated by Dan Air Services Ltd, was a Boeing 727-46 (construction/manufacturer's serial number: 19279, line number: 288, registration ) that had its first flight in 1966. Dan-Air acquired the aircraft in August 1974.

At the time of the accident, the airframe had accumulated 30,600 hours.

The captain and pilot in command was 50-year-old Arthur John Whelan, who had flown to Tenerife North Airport 58 times previously. He had 15,299 flight hours, including 1,912 hours on the Boeing 727. The first officer was 33-year-old Michael John Firth, who had flown to Tenerife North Airport 9 times previously. He had 3,492 flight hours, including 1,618 hours on the Boeing 727. The flight engineer was 33-year-old Raymond John Carey, who had never flown to Tenerife North Airport before. He had 3,340 hours, though his experience on the Boeing 727 is not stated in the report.

Flight history
Flight 1008 was a charter flight from Manchester Airport, United Kingdom, to Tenerife North Airport, Canary Islands, Spain. The flight was flying closely behind a slower Iberian Turboprop.  The flight was  from VOR/DME beacon 'TFN' when it was cleared onward to radio beacon 'FP' for an approach to runway 12 after it had reached 'TFN'. Initially at flight level (FL) 110 (about ), Dan-Air 1008 was then cleared to descend to FL 60 (about ). The crew reported overhead 'TFN' and was requested to join a nonstandard holding pattern over the 'FP' beacon. This holding pattern was not a published procedure and the crew did not have a chart for it, but the instruction was accepted. In fact, the aircraft did not pass over 'FP', but instead flew to the south of the beacon and called "entering the hold". About a minute later, they were cleared to descend to .

Although the pilot in command had said he was entering the hold according to the Spanish air traffic controller's instructions, he actually turned the aircraft to the left towards the southeast into an area of high ground, where the minimum safe altitude was . When during the aircraft's descent towards  the ground proximity warning system (GPWS) activated, the crew reacted quickly and initiated a climb. With the engines at full power, the aircraft entered a steep turn to the right and struck Mount La Esperanza at 13:21:15 local time. The aircraft was flying in cloud when it struck the mountain. The impact resulted in the aircraft's complete disintegration, killing everyone on board and leaving a debris trail  long.

Accident investigation and cause
The official (Spanish) investigation concluded that the cause of the accident was that the pilot in command, without taking account of the altitude at which he was flying, took the aircraft into an area of high terrain and thereby failed to maintain a safe height above the terrain. A British addendum to the report found that tardy and ambiguous directions from air traffic control regarding the unpublished hold directly contributed to the disorientation of the aircraft commander. The addendum also found that the unpublished track onto which the aircraft was directed required tight turns to be flown. These were practically unflyable, making entry into the region of high ground inevitable for an aircraft flying this track, even without the navigational errors made by Dan-Air 1008. Further, the addendum found that the directed altitude of  was inadequate for this holding pattern, and that the minimum altitude for entry into the holding pattern should have been  (with a minimum altitude of  for the pattern itself), had a minimum safe altitude calculation been performed ahead of time by a competent authority. The addendum concluded that the accident would not have occurred if the aircraft had not been cleared below .

Memorial in Southern Cemetery, Manchester

A memorial in Southern Cemetery, Manchester commemorates the victims of the disaster, whose names are inscribed on a series of slate tablets within a small grassed enclosure. Also, a garden of remembrance exists aside of All Saints Church in Taoro Parque (Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife), as passengers of the descended flight were members of the Anglican Parish there.

In popular culture
The crash of Flight 1008 was the subject of an episode of the BBC's Panorama current affairs programme that was aired in July 1981.

See also

Air China Flight 129
Air Inter Flight 148
Flydubai Flight 981
Garuda Indonesia Flight 152
Thai Airways International Flight 311
Korean Air Flight 801
Tenerife airport disaster

Notes

References
 UK CAA Document CAA 429 World Airline Accident Summary
 Final Report – Spanish Civil Aviation Accident Commission
 English translation hosted by the UK Air Accidents Investigation Branch: Report No.8/1981 Report on the accident to Boeing 727, G-BDAN on Tenerife, Canary Islands, 25 April 1980 (Archive).
Appendices of English version (Archive)
 Original Spanish version available on request from the Civil Aviation Accident and Incident Investigation Commission

Further reading
 The Spirit of Dan-Air, Simons, G.M., GMS Enterprises, Peterborough, 1993
 Kompass – Winter 1974/75 Edition, Dan Air Services Ltd, West Berlin, 1974
 Berlin Airport Company — Report on Dan-Air's Berlin operation, July 1975 Monthly Timetable Booklet for Berlin Tempelhof and Berlin Tegel Airports, Berlin Airport Company, West Berlin, 1975
 In Flight – Silver Jubilee Anniversary Edition, Dan Air Services Ltd, London, 1978
 Airliner Classics (Dan-Air – Popular British Charter operator: The Boeing 727), Key Publishing, Stamford, UK, November 2011

External links

 Aviation Safety Network
 Airline Profile: Number Forty-Three in the Series – Dan-Air, Flight International, 31 May 1973, pp. 836/7
 Airline Profile: Number Forty-Three in the Series – Dan-Air, Flight International, 31 May 1973, p. 839
 Dan-Air: cautious optimism, Air Transport, Flight International, 31 October 1974, p. 589
 Dan-Air Boeing 727-46 G-BDAN at Manchester Airport on 5 April 1980 (photo)

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1980
Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain
Aviation accidents and incidents in Spain
Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 727
Dan-Air accidents and incidents
1980 in Spain
Tenerife
Disasters in the Canary Islands
April 1980 events in Europe


Progres 2 is an art rock band from Brno, Czech Republic. It was established in 1968, known as Progress Organization, by Zdeněk Kluka, Pavel Váně, Jan Sochor and Emanuel Sideridis. Its most important album in a Czech context was the rock opera project Dialog s vesmírem (Dialog with The Universe) in 1978, only a year after the transformation of the band called Bardonaj to the new band Progres 2. The public presentation of this rock opera was the first audiovisual program of rock music in Czechoslovakia, inspired by the British rock group Pink Floyd. Because this rock band played in the totalitarian state, they had a few troubles with officials. The best known problem was the one with lyrics of one song from the album Dialog s vesmírem. The song was called "Planeta Hieronyma Bosche" (The Planet of Hieronymus Bosch) where the band sings about life on heroin. Censors forbade this song and the band solved it by using only the vowels from the original lyrics. At concerts they played the whole original lyrics.

Personnel
 PROGRESS ORGANIZATION (1968–1976)
Zdeněk Kluka (drums, vocals), Pavel Váně (guitar, vocals), Jan Sochor (keyboard, vocals), Emanuel Sideridis (bass guitar, vocals)

 BARNODAJ (1976–1978)
Pavel Váně (guitar, vocals), Pavel Pelc (bass guitar, vocals), Zdeněk Kluka (drums, vocals), Jan Sochor (keyboard, vocals)

 PROGRES 2 – DIALOG S VESMÍREM (1978)
Pavel Váně (guitar, vocals), Pavel Pelc (bass guitar, vocals), Daniel Forró (keyboard), Zdeněk Kluka (drums, vocals), Miloš Morávek (guitar)

 PROGRES 2 – TŘETÍ KNIHA DŽUNGLÍ (1981)
Zdeněk Kluka (drums, vocals), Pavel Pelc (bass guitar, keyboard, vocals), Miloš Morávek (guitar), Roman Dragoun (keyboard, vocals)

 PROGRES 2 – MOZEK (1984)
Peter Peteraj (guitar), Aleš Bajger (guitar, vocals), Zdeněk Kluka (drums, vocals), Pavel Pelc (bass guitar, keyboard, vocals)

 PROGRES 2 – ZMĚNA (1987)
Pavel Pelc (bass guitar, keyboard, vocals), Milan Nytra (keyboard), Aleš Bajger (guitar, vocals), Zdeněk Kluka (drums, vocals)

 PROGRES – POKROK – OTRAVA KRVE (1987)
Pavlína Dvořáčková (vocals), Mirek Sova (guitar), Dalibor Dunovský (bass guitar), Milan Nytra (keyboard), Zdeněk Kluka (drums, vocals)

 PROGRES – 1992
Pavel Váně (guitar, vocals), Pavel Pelc (bass guitar, vocals), Zdeněk Kluka (drums, vocals), Borek Nedorost (keyboard, vocals), Ivan Manolov (guitar)

 PROGRES – 2004
Pavel Váně (guitar, vocals), Pavel Pelc (bass guitar, vocals), Zdeněk Kluka (drums, vocals), Borek Nedorost (keyboard, vocals)

 PROGRES – 2008 – present
Pavel Váně (guitar, vocals), Zdeněk Kluka (drums, vocals), Miloš Morávek (guitar), Roman Dragoun (keyboard, vocals), Borek Nedorost (keyboard, vocals)

Pavel Pelc (bass guitar, vocals) died in 2021 aged 71.

Discography
 Barnodaj (1971, Progress Organization)
 Mauglí (1976, Barnodaj)
 Dialog s vesmírem (1980, Progres 2)
 Třetí kniha džunglí (1983, Progres 2)/The Third Book Of Jungle – English version
 Mozek (1984, Progres 2)
 Změna (1987, Progres 2)
 Otrava krve (1989, Progres – Pokrok)
 Progres story 1968–2008 (2008, Progres)

External links
 Official website
 Progres Story 1968–2008 – 40 year anniversary concert of Progres 2
 Planeta Hieronyma Bosche with original lyrics
 Planeta Hieronyma Bosche with changed vowel lyrics

1968 establishments in Czechoslovakia
Musical groups established in 1968
Czech art rock groups
Czech progressive rock groups


Hemichromini is a tribe of African cichlids.
The group consists of 14 species of freshwater fish from two genera: one species in Anomalochromis and the remaining in Hemichromis.

References

External links
 http://ctdbase.org/detail.go?type=taxon&acc=319076
 https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/319076
 http://myhits.isb-sib.ch/cgi-bin/view_cla_entry?name=taxid:319076

Pseudocrenilabrinae
Fish tribes
Cichlid fish of Africa


1929 world leaders may refer to:

Sovereigns in 1929 - see List of sovereign states in 1929
State leaders in 1929 - see List of state leaders in 1929
Religious leaders in 1929 - see List of religious leaders in 1929


Tropical Cyclone Tam (RSMC Nadi designation: 04F, JTWC designation: 06P) was the first named storm of the 2005–06 South Pacific cyclone season. Forming out of a tropical depression on January 6, the storm gradually intensified, becoming a tropical cyclone on January 12 and receiving the name Tam. Although it was traveling at a quick pace, the storm gained organization and reached its peak intensity with winds of  the following day. However, the increasing forward motion of the storm, combined with strengthening wind shear, caused Tam to rapidly weaken on January 14. Around that time, it entered the  Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre in Wellington, New Zealand's area of responsibility. Shortly thereafter, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and dissipated early the next day. Cyclone Tam produced heavy rainfall and strong winds over American Samoa upon being named. The precipitation caused several mudslides and flooding, which inflicted $26,000 in damage. The storm also had minor effects on Niue, Tonga, and Futuna.

Meteorological history

Tropical Cyclone Tam originated out of tropical depression while located about  to the north-northeast of Fiji on January 6. The system, designated 04F by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) in Nadi, Fiji tracked slowly towards the west. Although the depression was located within an area of low wind shear, little intensification occurred, as a lack of low-level moisture hindered the development of deep convection. By January 9, shower and thunderstorm activity associated with the disturbance increased as it began to interact with the South Pacific Convergence Zone. Another tropical depression, 05F, also became increasingly organized and at one point was forecast to absorb 04F. Following the weakening of Tropical Depression 05F, 04F intensified. Around 2000 UTC on January 11, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert as deep convection persisted around the center of circulation for several hours.

The following day, the RSMC Nadi upgraded Tropical Depression 04F to a tropical cyclone and gave it the name Tam, making it the first named storm of the 2005–06 season. Several hours later, the storm passed close to Niuafo'ou with winds of . By 0000 UTC on January 13, the JTWC classified Tam as Tropical Cyclone 06P. Although the storm was tracking towards an area with stronger winds aloft, it was forecast to intensify. Due to the relatively fast movement of the storm, the increasing winds aloft had little effect on the storm, allowing it to intensify and attain winds of  around 0600 UTC. However, with both wind shear and the forward motion of the storm continuing to increase, convection rapidly became dislocated from the center. Around 0000 UTC on January 14, Tam entered the area of responsibility of the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre in Wellington, New Zealand. With forward movement estimated at  almost due south, the cyclone reached an unusually high latitude as a tropical cyclone. Coinciding with the time when Tam reached 33°S, it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. The remnants of the storm persisted for several hours before dissipating early on January 15.

Preparations and impact
As Tam was developing, residents attempted to evacuate the island by plane, with the primary target of Fiji. Only a few flights took off before officials closed the airport, stranding numerous passengers. Late on January 11, RSMC Nadi placed Tonga and Futuna under a tropical cyclone alert and also placed Tonga and Wallis under a strong wind warning. Early the next day RSMC Nadi placed northern Tonga under a tropical cyclone gale warning. Later that morning they canceled the tropical cyclone alert for Wallis and Futuna as Tam was not expected to directly affect Futuna anymore. During that afternoon RSMC Nadi placed Niue under a Tropical cyclone alert, as they predicted that Niue would be affected by Tam within 24 hours. Early on January 13 RSMC Nadi cancelled the tropical cyclone warnings and alerts for Tonga, whilst at the same time placing Niue under a tropical cyclone gale warning, however this gale warning was canceled later that day as Tam moved into the southern ocean.

On January 11, Tropical Depression 04F produced a record  of rain in a 24‑hour span on Rotuma. However, little damage resulted from the heavy precipitation. Cyclone Tam produced heavy rainfall in American Samoa which triggered damaging floods. Several buildings were flooded, and an estimated 70% of the island's crops were destroyed. Sustained winds of up to , with gusts reaching , tore a few roofs off unsecured homes. Scattered power outages were reported throughout the island. A few landslides were also reported as a result of the storm. Damage from the storm totaled $26,000 on the island. Relatively little damage was recorded in Futuna; there, the storm downed several trees and stranded a yacht on a reef. On Niuafo'ou, a weather station recorded sustained winds of  with gusts of up to , along with a minimum pressure of 991 hPa (mbar). Minor damage, consisting of fallen branches and isolated power outages also occurred on Niue.

See also

2005–06 South Pacific cyclone season
Cyclone Urmil (2006)
Cyclone Cilla

References

External links
 World Meteorological Organization
 Fiji Meteorological Service
 Meteorological Service of New Zealand
 Joint Typhoon Warning Center

Category 1 South Pacific cyclones
Tam
Tropical cyclones in American Samoa
Tropical cyclones in Tonga
Tropical cyclones in Fiji
Tropical cyclones in Samoa
Tam


Ghulam Fatima (c. July 1912 – ?, fl. c. 1990), frequently referred to as 'Miss Fatima', was a British-Indian female chess master.

Ghulam Fatima won the British Women's Chess Championship at Hastings in 1933. Her first formal competition was the 1932 British Women's Chess Championship in London in which she took 6th place (Edith Michell won). She was a member of the household of Sir Umar Hayat Khan. The British Men's Chess Champion in 1929, 1932, and 1933 was Mir Sultan Khan, a servant of Sir Umar Hayat Khan.
According to Edward Winter, "Miss Fatima was interviewed about Sultan Khan in the Bandung Limited television production The Sultan of Chess broadcast by Channel 4 in the United Kingdom on 19 September 1990. She mentioned that she had given some chess instruction to Queen Mary, the wife of George V."

References

External links
 Edward Winter, Chess Note 6201: Miss Fatima
 Edward Winter, Chess Note 6208: Miss Fatima (C.N. 6201)
BritBase - List of all British Chess Champions from 1904 to present
BritBase - 1933 British Chess Championship

Pakistani female chess players
Pakistani chess players
British female chess players
British chess players
1910s births
Year of death missing


Liénard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

François Liénard de la Mivoye (1782–1862), French-Mauritian naturalist
Édouard Liénard (1779–1848), French painter
Alfred-Marie Liénard (1869–1958), French physicist and engineer
Michel Joseph Napoléon Liénard (1810–1870), sculptor from France
Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu, French officer during the Seven Years' War
Liénard–Wiechert potential describes the electromagnetic effect of a moving electric charge
Liénard equation, type of differential equation, after the French physicist Alfred-Marie Liénard


Renato Pozzetto (born 14 July 1940) is an Italian actor, director, comedian, and singer.

Biography
Pozzetto was born into a working-class family from Milan and grew up in the town of Gemonio (in the Province of Varese). After graduation, he made his debut as a comedian at the Derby Club in Milan. In 1964, he and his childhood friend Cochi Ponzoni formed the duo Cochi e Renato. They recorded several successful songs, often written in collaboration with Enzo Jannacci. These songs often had a satirical and/or nonsense take. Their most popular hits include "La canzone intelligente" ("The intelligent song", a satire about songwriting) and  "E la vita, la vita". From the mid-1970s through the first half of the 1990s, Pozzetto enjoyed a prolific career in film, where he became famous for his trademark pronounced Milanese accent and for his shy and stuttering way of speaking. In the mid-2000s, following almost two decades of separation, he reunited with Ponzoni.

Pozzetto has also lent his voice to Rocks, the dog protagonist of the movie Look Who's Talking Now, for the Italian dubbing.

Filmography

Actor

 Per amare Ofelia (1974) – Orlando Aliverti Mannetti
 La poliziotta (1974) - Claudio Ravassi
 A mezzanotte va la ronda del piacere (1975) – Fulvio
 Paolo Barca, maestro elementare, praticamente nudista (1975) – Paolo Barca
 Due cuori, una cappella (1975) – Aristide Cacciamani
 Babysitter - Un maledetto pasticcio (1975) – Gianni, Michélle's friend
 Di che segno sei? (1975) – Basilio
 The Career of a Chambermaid (1975) – Tenente Bruno (uncredited)
 Il padrone e l'operaio (1975) – Gianluca Tosi
 Un sorriso, uno schiaffo, un bacio in bocca (1975) – Himself
 Oh, Serafina! (1976) – Augusto Valle
 Sturmtruppen (1976) – Una recluta
 Luna di miele in tre (1976) – Alfredo Riva
 Tre tigri contro tre tigri (1977) – Don Cimbolano
 Ecco noi per esempio... (1977) – Palmambrogio Guanziroli
 Black Journal (1977) – Stella Kraus
 Io tigro, tu tigri, egli tigra (1978) – Elia
 Saxofone (1978) – Sax
 Per vivere meglio divertitevi con noi (1978) – Siro Sante (segment "Non si può spiegare, bisogna vederlo")
 Neapolitan Mystery (1979) – Inspector Voghera
 La patata bollente (1979) – Bernardo Mambelli, detto 'Il Gandhi'
 Agenzia Riccardo Finzi... praticamente detective (1979) – Riccardo Finzi
 Tesoro mio (1979) – Uff. Giudiziario Pierluigi
 I'm Photogenic (1980) – Antonio Barozzi
 Zucchero, miele e peperoncino (1980) – Plinio Carlozzi
 Fico d'India (1980) – Lorenzo Millozzi
 Mia moglie è una strega (1980) – Emilio Altieri
 Uno contro l'altro, praticamente amici (1981) – Franco Colombo
 Nessuno è perfetto (1981) – Guerrino Castiglione
 Culo e camicia (1981) – Renato
 Ricchi, ricchissimi... praticamente in mutande (1982) – Berto Del Prà
 Porca vacca (1982) – Primo Baffo detto Barbasini
 Testa o croce (1982) – Don Emidio / Father Remigio
 La casa stregata (1982) – Giorgio
 Questo e quello (1983) – Giulio (segment "Questo... amore impossibile") / Gregory (segment "Quello... col basco rosso")
 Un povero ricco (1983) – Eugenio Ronconi / Eugenio Ragona
 Mani di fata (1983) – Andrea Ferrini
 Il ragazzo di campagna (1984) – Artemio
 Lui è peggio di me (1985) – Luciano
 È arrivato mio fratello (1985) – Ovidio Ceciotti / Raf Benson
 Grandi magazzini (1986) – Fausto Valsecchi
 7 chili in 7 giorni  (1986) – Silvano Baracchi
 Noi uomini duri (1987) – Silvio
 Roba da ricchi (1987) – Don Vittorino
 Da grande (1987) – Marco
 Il volatore di aquiloni (1987) – Urca
 Casa mia, casa mia... (1988) – Mario Bartoloni
 Burro (1989) – Burro
 Le comiche (1990) – Renato
 Non più di uno (1990) – Piero
 Piedipiatti (1991) – Brigadiere Silvio Camurati
 Le comiche 2 (1991) – Renato
 Infelici e contenti (1992) – Aldo
 Ricky & Barabba (1992) – Ricky Morandi
 Anche i commercialisti hanno un'anima (1994) – Carlo Malinverni
 Le nuove comiche (1994) – Renato
 Miracolo italiano (1994) – Fermo Pulciani
 Mollo tutto (1995) – Franco Giacobetti
 Papà dice messa (1996) – Don Arturo
 Nebbia in Val Padana (2000, TV Series)
 Un amore su misura (2007) – Corrado Olmi
 Oggi sposi (2009) – Renato Di Caio
 What a Beautiful Surprise (2015) – Giovanni (final film role)

Director
 Io tigro, tu tigri, egli tigra (1978)
 Saxofone (1978)
 Il volatore di aquiloni (1987)
 Papà dice messa (1996)
 Un amore su misura (2007)

References

External links

1940 births
People from the Province of Varese
Living people
Italian male film actors
Italian comedy musicians
David di Donatello winners
Ciak d'oro winners
Italian male comedians


Cougar Helicopters Flight 91 was a scheduled flight of a Cougar Sikorsky S-92A (Registration C-GZCH) which ditched on 12 March 2009 en route to the SeaRose FPSO in the White Rose oil field and Hibernia Platform in the Hibernia oilfield off the coast of Newfoundland  east-southeast of St. John's, Newfoundland.  Of the eighteen aboard, only one survived.

Aircraft
The 2006-built Sikorsky S-92A, with manufacturers' serial number 920048, was a 19-passenger helicopter powered by twin General Electric CT7 turboshaft engines. It had been registered C-GZCH to Cougar International Inc. since 12 April 2007. The main gearbox, which was reported as having lost oil pressure, couples both engines to the main and tail rotors, and also drives the hydraulic pumps and two electrical generators.

Flight
Cougar 91 is a regular 90-minute, 315 km shuttle flight from St. John's International Airport, usually servicing the SeaRose FPSO. The flight was carrying workers to SeaRose and the Hibernia platform. The flight was under the command of Matthew Davis (34), with Tim Lanouette (47), as first officer.

A mayday call was issued after the aircraft reported zero oil pressure in the main gearbox at 9:40 a.m. NDT (12:10 UTC). Flight 91 attempted to return to St. John's but went down at 9:48 a.m. The aircraft was spotted, floating upside down, by a Provincial Airlines ice patrol airplane 25 minutes later. It later sank in  of water. Only one of the eighteen people aboard survived the sinking, although another managed to exit the aircraft.

Search and rescue
Weather conditions were reported as "good", with the water at , waves at , and winds at .  The normal practice on these flights is to wear immersion suits for hypothermia protection. Survival times for adult men wearing the immersion suits in these conditions are estimated at 24 hours, but no signals had been received from the suit locator beacons. All passengers on these flights are required to have taken a five-day escape and survival course within the past three years, but escape from a ditched helicopter is difficult even when put down gently.

Eighteen people were on board the helicopter. The sole survivor was flown to hospital at St. John's in critical but stable condition with fractures and with salt water in his lungs. One woman was found dead on the surface. Two life rafts were found empty. The Canadian Coast Guard, Canadian Forces, Provincial Airlines planes and surface vessels continued to search the area for additional survivors.

Investigation
The investigation was led by the Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB), which assigned an initial team of twelve investigators, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.  As the state of manufacture, the United States was represented by eight investigators, from the National Transportation Safety Board, assisted by the FAA and Sikorsky.

Recovery phase
The TSB used two remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), operating from Atlantic Osprey, to locate and examine the sunken aircraft, which was found on the bottom largely intact but with significant structural damage, and with the tail boom broken off and lying separately nearby.
The damage to the airframe was severe enough to prevent immediate recovery of the wreckage as originally planned, and efforts instead focused on recovering the remains of the passengers and crew.  Images from the ROVs indicated the presence of between 10 and 13 bodies in the aircraft fuselage.  Nine bodies were recovered from the wreckage on 14–15 March and were returned to St. John's in the early hours of 16 March aboard Atlantic Osprey.  On 17 March, the TSB announced that all bodies had been recovered, as were the Flight Data Recorder (FDR) and Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR). The S-92 FDR/CVR is one box called a Multi-Purpose Flight Recorder, commonly referred to as a "combi-unit", manufactured by Penny and Giles in the United Kingdom. The FDR/CVR was transferred to Ottawa, Ontario for analysis by TSB personnel. On 18 March Atlantic Osprey docked in St. John's carrying the main chassis of the helicopter in a basket on deck. The TSB's lead investigator indicated on 19 March that about 80% of the wreckage had already been recovered; by 26 March this figure had been increased to 95%.

Inspection, analysis, and recommendations
TSB identified a broken titanium stud as part of the gearbox oil filter assembly. Sikorsky had previously recommended that the titanium stud be replaced with a steel stud within one year or 1,250 flight hours of a 28 January 2009 Alert Service Bulletin, following a total loss of oil and emergency landing in Australia in August 2008. On 21 March Les Dorr, a spokesman for the FAA, indicated that it would release an Airworthiness Directive calling for the replacement of the studs on other S-92A aircraft, most likely on Monday 23 March, but that the directive would apply only to US-registered helicopters. The FAA had issued previous Airworthiness Directives AD 2005-12-03, AD 2006-11-14, and AD 2006-15-19 for problems with the main gearbox of that type. The FAA had also issued Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin (SAIB) number SW-09-19  Sikorsky S92A Main Gearbox Emergency Procedures dated 19 March 2009. The SAIB indicated that a recent procedural change, Sikorsky Safety Advisory (SSA) SSA-S92-08-006, dated 26 September 2008 may not have been appropriate and that it had not been approved.  The European Aviation Safety Agency had already acted to highlight this problem.

Late on 23 March, Sikorsky issued a news release indicating that it had furnished replacement studs and tools to all operators and that 50 of 91 aircraft had been reworked already. The FAA later grounded flights until the parts had been replaced, issuing Emergency Airworthiness Directive 2009-07-53 dated 23 March that required the replacement of the studs before further flight.

TSB disclosed at a news conference on 26 March that the flight data record indicated that oil pressure was lost, but that there was no anomaly other than the broken stud to explain that loss. The aircraft descended at . The aircraft lost electrical power, interrupting the data record. Damage analysis indicated that it struck the water belly-down and tail first with an acceleration of 20 g (20 times that of the Earth's gravity).

In 2003, the S-92A initially failed a FAR/JAR-29 additional oil system loss of lubrication test (sometimes called the "run dry" test) conducted to determine whether it could sustain 30-minute operation without main gearbox lubrication, failing after 10 minutes. Subsequent design changes implemented an oil cooler bypass valve to eliminate what were seen to be the most likely sources of leakage, the cooler and external lines and fittings. Certification was obtained without meeting the 30-minute test as the chances of oil loss were calculated as being "extremely remote", a statistical chance of failure of approximately one in every 10 million flight hours. This was based on the erroneous assumption that all leaks would occur from the oil cooler, and so did not represent the type of leak that occurred to Flight 91 or to a CHC S-92A in Australia the previous year.

All offshore helicopter flights from St Johns were suspended following the accident.  Regular passenger flights to the platforms resumed on Monday, 18 May 2009; Cougar Helicopters is limiting the maximum altitude for passenger flights to  as an additional safety precaution.

On 16 June 2009, the FAA released an additional Airworthiness Directive, AD 2009-13-01, requiring the Rotorcraft Flight Manual for the S-92A helicopter be modified to clarify emergency procedures in the event of a main gearbox failure due to loss of oil pressure, and in particular to identify the urgency of an immediate landing in the event of an oil pressure loss.

The TSB issued an update on the investigation on 18 June 2009, indicating that the pilot may have been trying to perform a controlled landing at the time of the accident.  The main blades were apparently rotating at the time of impact; however, the tail rotor drive gears were severely damaged, which would result in a loss of thrust. An engine shutdown was initiated at an altitude of , consistent with a tail rotor drive failure. The TSB was continuing to investigate the failure of the flotation system, which reportedly had been activated but did not operate correctly.

The Inquiry Commissioner took some interim measures to secure improved emergency response times in the North West Atlantic pending completion of the Commission's Report.

On 23 October 2009, the European Aviation Safety Agency issued an airworthiness directive in response to the discovery of cracks in the mounting bolts of the main gearbox of S-92 helicopters operating in the North Sea.

On 9 February 2011, the Transportation Safety Board released its final report on the accident. It identified 16 separate factors that led to the fatal crash but no single one was to blame.

Inquiry and lawsuit

In June 2009, the sole survivor and the families of the 15 passengers who died in the accident filed a U.S lawsuit against Sikorsky and its subsidiary Keystone Helicopter Corporation. On 14 July, the complainants announced that they had "voluntarily discontinued" legal action "to engage in alternative dispute resolution before further litigation". On 5 January 2010, lawyers for Sikorsky announced that an out-of-court settlement had been reached with the survivor and the families of the victims of the crash.  The details of the settlement were not disclosed due to confidentiality agreements.

A public Commission of Inquiry into the accident (the Offshore Helicopter Safety Inquiry), headed by retired Newfoundland and Labrador Supreme Court judge Robert Wells, began hearings in Newfoundland on 19 October 2009. Robert Decker, the survivor of the accident, gave testimony at the inquiry in early November. The families of the victims of the accident, as well as lawyers representing the estates of the pilots, were allowed to ask questions at the inquiry. The Inquiry delivered its Phase I report to the Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board on 17 November 2010. Phase II of the report was delivered to the C-NLOPB on 15 August 2011.

In June 2010, Cougar Helicopters and its insurer filed a lawsuit against the aircraft manufacturer (Sikorsky), requesting more than $25 million in damages.  The lawsuit alleged that Sikorsky "fraudulently misrepresented" the ability of the S-92 helicopter to run for 30 minutes after losing oil pressure, and further failed to notify operators of the severity of a similar incident in Australia in 2008. Sikorsky had argued to move the legal proceedings to Connecticut, but this move was denied by the Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal on 4 July 2010, and the case proceeded in court in St. John's. The lawsuit against Sikorsky was settled out of court in November 2011; the details of the settlement were not disclosed by either party.

Casualties
Pilot Matthew William Thomas Davis, 34, of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador and First Officer Timothy (Tim) Ross Lanouette, 47, of Comox, British Columbia both died in the accident. Of the fifteen passengers killed in the accident, thirteen were from Newfoundland and Labrador while one each was from Nova Scotia and British Columbia. The sole surviving passenger sustained serious injuries in the crash, following his escape.

Television episode
The accident is featured in the Mayday episode "Atlantic Ditching".

References

External links

 Flight track for CHI 91 2009-03-12:1147Z Flightaware.com
 Chris Jones "The End of Mystery". Esquire, 11 August 2009.
 "TSB Accident Report" tsb.gc.ca
 "Offshore Helicopter Safety Inquiry Phase I Report" Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board
 ""Offshore Helicopter Safety Inquiry Phase II Report" Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board

Aviation accidents and incidents in 2009
Aviation accidents and incidents in Canada
2009 disasters in Canada
Disasters in Newfoundland and Labrador
Accidents and incidents involving the Sikorsky S-92
2009 in Newfoundland and Labrador
March 2009 events in Canada
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by engine failure


Philip Hugh Bowen (born 1949) is a British poet, playwright, performer, teacher and biographer.  He grew up in Liverpool, where he taught from 1972 to 1979.  During the 1980s, he was a publican before becoming a full-time writer in 1992.  He lives in Cornwall and works all over the country as a performer and writer in schools.

Books

Poetry
What the night says
That Was Peter Glaze – Ure Press – 1993,
The Professor’s Boots – Westwords – 1994,
Jewels & Binoculars (Ed) – Stride 1994,
Things We Said Today (Ed) Stride -1995,
Variety’s Hammer – Stride – 1997,
Starfly – Stride – 2004,
Nowhere’s Far – New & Selected Poems 1990–2009 – Salt Publications,

As contributor

Hepworth –Westwords – 1993,
Return to Sender – Headlock – 1994,
The Bridport Anthology – Sansom - 1995,
The Forward Anthology – Forward – 1998,
Paradise for Sale – Arts Council Collection – 1998,
Welsh Routes – Liverpool Community Spirit – 2006,
Hidden Histories – Exeter University – 2007,
You Have Been Warned – Oxford - 2008,

Prose

A Gallery to Play to – the story of the Mersey Poets – Stride – 1998, Updated and republished – Liverpool University Press - 2008.

Plays

A Handful Of Rain: New York City, Edinburgh, Swansea, New End Theatre – 1999 - 2002,
The Same Boat: Swansea, Cardiff and at the Edinburgh Fringe in 2003/4,
The Other Side of the Words: Swansea Penzance in  2004 – St Ives 2006,
Chimney Kids– (a musical for children with Paul Butler): Camborne, 2004, Swansea 2006,
Anything But Love:  New End London 2007, Swansea 2008, St Ives Festival 2009, Cheltenham Literature Festival 2010
Parlez Vous Jig Jig: Swansea, 2004, 2006, Shakespeare Link, Powys, Rosemary Branch, London 2008.
A Case of the Poet: London 2006, Hull 2007,

Other publications

Crafting Poetry – Original Writing for GCSE Readings by Phil Bowen – DMEC
The Blue Hand DVD (DMEC)
Adventures in Poetry – Radio 4 -  Tonight at Noon – Adrian Henri 2004
Centre of the Creative Universe – Liverpool & the Avant-Garde – Liverpool University Press and Tate Liverpool – 2007 . Revisiting Allen Ginsberg’s Liverpool trip in 1965….

Radio, Television and Film

Poetry Please
Write Out Loud
Something Understood
The Archive Hour
Adventures in Poetry - Radio 4
Happy Birthday Poetry - Radio 2
London Weekend TV
Laughing Gas (Andrew Lanyon Films) - Mister Aquaviva Pilot for Theta Films 2007/08

Awards

The Ralph Lewis Award 1997 (Sussex University)
The Bridport Prize 1998 Runner Up

External links
Poetry Lesson
The Playwrights Database - Phil Bowen
Phil Bowen: Generosity and Power in Poetry – from a talk by the poet and playwright at the fiftieth anniversary celebration at The Dylan Thomas Festival 2003
Phil Bowen on topofthetree

1949 births
British poets
Living people
British publicans
British male poets


The Ancestors is an album by Tim Berne and which was released on the Italian-based Soul Note label in 1983. It features three lengthy tracks which, typical of Berne, are structured in suite-like sections. The music is performed by the Tim Berne Sextet which consisted of Berne, trumpeter Herb Robertson, trombonist Ray Anderson, saxophonist Mack Goldsbury, bassist Ed Schuller and drummer Paul Motian.

Reception

The Penguin Guide to Jazz said "The Ancestors was a first sign that Berne was willing to slow down, look about him and take stock. ...it's a measured authoritative set, rhythmically coherent ".

Track listing
 "Sirius B" (Berne) - 10:46
 "Shirley's Song - Part 1" (Berne) - 12:46
 "Shirley's Song - Part 2 / San Antonio / The Ancestors" (Berne) - 21:05

Personnel
 Tim Berne: alto saxophone
 Herb Robertson: trumpet, cornet & flugelhorn
 Ray Anderson: trombone & tuba
 Mack Goldsbury: tenor & soprano saxophone
 Ed Schuller: acoustic bass
 Paul Motian: drums & percussion

Notes
 Recorded live on February 19, 1983, at the School of Visual Arts, NYC.
 Recording Engineer: Kazunori Sugiyama
 Produced by Empire Productions & Giovanni Bonandrini
 Cover painting by Betsy Berne

Releases
 1983 - Soul Note (Italy), SN 1061 (LP)
 1991 - Soul Note (Italy), 121061-1 (LP)
 1991 - Soul Note (Italy), 121061-2 (CD)
 1991 - Soul Note (Italy), 121061-4 (CT)

References

Other source

External links
 [ All-Music album review]

1983 albums
Tim Berne albums


Samfundet Folkhälsan, or in short Folkhälsan (literally "Public Health"), is a non-governmental organization based in Finland. It is active in advocating social welfare and health care for the Swedish speakers of Finland. The organization carries out scientific research and informs and counsels in order to promote health and good quality of life. Folkhälsan’s activities include assistance, support, education, and care, being present at every stage of life. Founded in 1921, Folkhälsan employs today approximately 1,400 people. Our local associations across Swedish-speaking Finland have almost 19,000 members. Folkhälsan works towards a society where health and quality of life are central concerns.

The organization was founded in 1921 by Ossian Schauman and a number of other doctors who wanted to reduce child mortality and cases of tuberculosis in Finland. The NGO was combining practical work with research already from the very start.

About 100 researchers do research into inheritable diseases and illnesses attributed to lifestyles. A further 1,400 persons work for, and some 19,000 persons pay membership to the organization.

Folkhälsan funds its activities by selling its services to the municipalities. Certain municipalities, like the town of Karis, have allocated its entire health care to Folkhälsan. The NGO has also activities within child care and the care of the elderly. Further sources of income are private donations and funding from the Finnish Slot Machine Association (RAY).

External links
Folkhälsan

Medical and health organisations based in Finland
1921 establishments in Finland


The Kerala State Film Award for Best Art Director winners:

References

PRD, Govt. of Kerala: Awardees List
Leadinglights Kerala Tourism

Kerala State Film Awards


Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 also known as PLEKHM1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLEKHM1 gene.

Function

PLEKHM1 may have critical function in vesicular transport in osteoclasts.

PLEKHM1 contains a C-terminal Rubicon Homology (RH) domain, which mediates interaction with small GTPase Rab7. This domain is shared with family RH domain containing family members Rubicon and Pacer, which are autophagy regulators.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the PLEKHM1 gene are associated with osteopetrosis OPTB6.

References

Further reading


Fulke may refer to:
Fulke d'Aunou, also written Fulco and Foulques (1004-1080?), Baron of Aunou-le-Faucon, Normandy. Second cousin of William of Normandy and one of 30 knights named as present with William at the Battle of Hastings (1066), he was awarded lands around High Littleton, Somerset, England
Fulke Lovell (or Fulk Lovel) was a medieval Bishop of London elect
Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke (1554–1628), Elizabethan poet, dramatist, and statesman
Fulke Greville (1717–1806) (1717–1806),  the youngest son of Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort
Fulke Greville-Nugent, 1st Baron Greville (1821–1883), Irish politician
Fulke Johnson Houghton (b. 1940), British racehorse trainer
Fulke Underhill (1578-1599), alleged murderer and previous owner of William Shakespeare's house New Place
Fulke Walwyn (1910–1991), British jockey and racehorse trainer
Pierre Fulke (b. 1971), Swedish golfer who played on the European Tour
Robert Fulke Greville (1751–1824), British Member of Parliament (MP) and courtier
Robert Fulke Greville (landowner) (1800–1867), politician, soldier and landowner
William Fulke (1538–1589), English Puritan divine


Limnochromini is a tribe of African cichlids from Lake Tanganyika. They are bi-parental and mouthbrooding fish.

Genera
There are six genera within the tribe Limnochromini:

 Baileychromis Poll, 1986
 Gnathochromis Poll, 1981
 Limnochromis Regan, 1920
 Reganochromis Whitley, 1929
 Tangachromis Poll 1981
 Triglachromis Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1974

References

External links
 https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/319059

Pseudocrenilabrinae
Fish tribes
Cichlid fish of Africa