Citizens for Tax Reform v. Deters, 518 F.3d 375 (6th Cir. 2008), was a decision that overturned an Ohio statute that made it a felony to pay petitioners by the signature.

Background
The law at issue, Ohio Revised Code § 3599.111, went into effect on March 31, 2005.

The case arose out of an attempt of Citizens for Tax Reform (CTR), an Ohio political advocacy group, to quality a citizen initiative for the 2005 general election ballot in that state.  They contracted with a professional petition drive management company to pay $1.70 per signature for 450,000 signatures.  This contract was entered into prior to the contested law taking effect.  Once the law took effect, the petition drive management company notified CTR that they could no longer collect signatures at the specified rate and that, indeed, they would require an additional $300,000 to complete the drive.

On April 1, 2005, CTR filed a federal lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio seeking to overturn Ohio statute ORC 3599.111, which forbids paying petitioners by the signature. The law went into effect on March 31, 2005.

On March 19, 2005, Judge Sandra Beckwith issued a Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) against the state of Ohio, enjoining the enforcement of the state's ban on payment-per-signature.  The TRO was extended multiple times, until the hearing before Judge Dlott, at which time Dlott invalidated Ohio's law as unconstitutional.

State of Ohio arguments
In unsuccessfully making its case, the government of Ohio relied on evidence of fraud from the 2004 petition drive that took place in Ohio to qualify Ralph Nader for the ballot.  Judge Dlott criticized this evidence as not proving that the fraud was caused by the method of paying circulators by the signature.

Judge Dlott also rejected the value of evidence presented in the case by John Lindback, the Director of the Election Division for the Oregon Secretary of State.  Judge Dlott found that the materials presented by Lindback are "almost devoid of factual findings" and overall found that the Lindback exhibits "are not probative even to the extent that they are admissible".

Procedural posture and actions
United States District Court Judge Susan Dlott found that Ohio's law was an unconstitutional abridgment of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and enjoined the state from enforcing it.

The defendants in the case, Joseph Deters and Matthias Heck, were named in their official capacities as enforcers of the law. Deters was the prosecuting attorney for Hamilton County, Ohio and Heck was the prosecuting attorney for Montgomery County, Ohio.

In the district court's decision, Judge Dlott relied on evidence presented by professional signature-gathering companies that indicated a prohibition on "per-signature" compensation would increase the costs and the time associated with obtaining the number of signatures required to qualify for the ballot. The Court also found that the State's evidence of fraud in certain petition efforts did not establish the fraud was caused by the method of payment to circulators. Thus, the Court held that the statute did not justify the burden placed on the initiative proponents' core political speech rights.

Appeal
Dlott's decision was appealed by the Ohio Secretary of State to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.
On March 5, 2008, a three judge panel of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals unanimously upheld the district court ruling to strike Ohio's law banning per-signature payments. Judge David McKeague wrote:

As with the law in general,1 the First Amendment is a jealous mistress. It enables the people to exchange ideas (popular and unpopular alike), to assemble with the hope of changing minds, and to alter or preserve how we govern ourselves. But in return, it demands that sometimes seemingly reasonable measures enacted by our governments give way.

On August 1, 2008, the Solicitor General of Ohio asked the U.S. Supreme Court to hear an appeal of the decision. On November 17, 2008, the United States Supreme Court announced that it was declining to hear Ohio's appeal.

See also
 McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission
 Bogaert v. Land
 Yes on Term Limits v. Savage
 Nader v. Brewer

References

External links

Ohio legal news

Politics of Ohio
Initiatives in the United States
2008 in United States case law
2008 in Ohio
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit cases
United States Free Speech Clause case law
Ohio elections


Jibber Jabber (also known as Jibber and Jabber) is a Canadian children's television series about the brothers Jibber and Jabber, who like to imagine things.

Characters
 Jibber and Jabber are the titular protagonists of the series, Jibber and Jabber are seven-year-old fraternal (non-identical) twins. They have very active imaginations, and both share the same vision of their adventures. Jibber is distinguished by always wearing a red shirt and having dark brown hair and Jabber is characterised as wearing a green shirt and having strawberry blonde hair.
 Jessica is Jibber and Jabber's older sister, who usually figures as an antagonist in the boys' imaginary adventures. In real life, she is exasperated and embarrassed by their actions, particularly when her best friend Marcy is around.
 Jelly Roll: Jibber, Jabber and Jessica's dog. He is usually an oblivious participant in Jibber and Jabber's adventures.
 Marcy is Jessica's best friend.
 Mom and Dad are Jibber, Jabber and Jessica's parents, they are never seen in the show but can be heard occasionally their hands can be seen.
 Squirrel is seen in some episodes but is rarely seen by Jibber and Jabber. He is an enemy of Jelly Roll by constantly stealing Jelly's food and he is seen once with another squirrel.

Imaginary adventures types
 Pirates
 Astronauts
 Kung Fu
 Terror Laboratory
 Goth Victorians
 Superheroes
 Invisibles

Episodes

 Mission to Mars
 Pride of Frankenstein
 Pirates of Privacy
 Mutiny of Privacy
 Cartoon Satellite
 Flu Day
 The Wrong Stuff
 Do You See What I See
 Jelly's Belly
 Pirates of Nowhere
 Kung Food
 The Greatest Wall
 Enter the Jelly
 Book of Endings
 The Chamber of Perils
 Brain vs Brawn
 Night of the Werewolf
 Lady Jess and Ms Hyde
 Night of the Vampire
 No Such Things As Ghosts
 Space for Sale
 One Bad Asteroid
 Pirates Plunder Blunder
 Attack of the Giant Worm-a-Noids
 April Fools Rules
 Double or Nothing

Cast
 Ashleigh Ball - Jabber
 Kathleen Barr - Jibber/Mom
 Dorla Bell - Marcy
 Bill Mondy - Jelly Roll/Dad
 Chantal Strand - Jessica

Production
Jibber Jabber is computer-animated by Northwest Imaging and FX (NWFX), a visual effects and animation company based in Vancouver), in association with Jibber Jabber Toons Ltd. for YTV in Monday, September 3, 2007. The series was the inaugural project for NWFX's animation division, and the company hired 25 full-time animators and added 17 Autodesk Maya 3D workstations specifically for the series. Although the entire series is computer-animated, it is rendered to resemble traditional stop-motion animation.

Broadcast details
The series was produced as 26 segments of about 11 minutes each, which are generally broadcast as 13 half-hour episodes.

The series debuted on YTV in Monday, September 3, 2007. The series has also been sold to KI.KA (Germany), Jetix (Latin America), TRT (Turkey), E-Junior and Al Jazeera Children's Channel (Middle East), RTP (Portugal), Arutz HaYeladim (Israel), BBC Alba (Scotland) and ABC (Australia).

Awards
In 2008, Jibber Jabber won four out of the five Leo Awards it was nominated for: Best Animation Program or Series; Best Overall Sound; Best Musical Score and Best Screenwriting. In 2009, the Production won a Pulcinella Award at Cartoons on the Bay, Italy for: Best Animated Character

References

External links

2000s Canadian animated television series
2007 Canadian television series debuts
2007 Canadian television series endings
Canadian computer-animated television series
YTV (Canadian TV channel) original programming
Canadian children's animated comic science fiction television series
Television shows set in Vancouver
Television shows filmed in Vancouver
Animated television series about brothers
Animated television series about children
Animated television series about twins
English-language television shows


Sergey Georgiyevich Lapin () ( – 4 October 1990) was a Soviet apparatchik, newspaper editor and diplomat.

Lapin was born in Saint Petersburg. From 1930 to 1932 he studied at the Leningrad Historical Language Institute, and after graduating he went on to work in various positions, including deputy editor, of various Leningrad newspapers until 1940. From 1940 to 1942 he was a student at the Higher Party School of the All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks).

From 1945 to 1953 he was Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Broadcasting, when in 1953 he began a career in diplomacy as Counsellor at the Embassy of the Soviet Union in East Germany. In 1955 he returned to Moscow to work in the European Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, whilst also holding the position of Secretary of the CPSU at the MFA.

From 19 October 1956 until 16 June 1960 he was located in Vienna, as Ambassador of the Soviet Union to Austria, and then relocated back to Moscow as 1st Deputy Chairman of the USSR State Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, whilst also holding the position of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

In 1962 he was promoted as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR, and held this position until 6 April 1965. From 13 April 1965 until 12 April 1967 he was Ambassador of the Soviet Union to the People's Republic of China.

After the completion of his mission to Beijing, he returned once again to Moscow as Director-General of TASS, and held that position until 24 April 1970. For a short period of time, until 12 July 1970 he was Chairman of the Committee for Broadcasting, when he was appointed as Chairman of the State Committee for Television and Radiobroadcasting, and held this position until his retirement on 16 December 1985. Lapin's time is known as a period of strikingly manifested antisemitism at the Central Television and Radio of the USSR. Many popular Soviet artists of Jewish descent, such as Nina Brodskaya, Emil Gorovets, Maya Kristalinskaya, Larisa Mondrus, Vadim Mulerman, and Aida Vedishcheva, met numerous obstacles in their careers. They were gradually banned from TV, their names were not making into movies' credits, they faced cancellation of concerts and prohibition of concert tours abroad, and tapes with their recordings on the radio were erased.

Lapin died in 1990 in Moscow.

References

1912 births
1990 deaths
20th-century Russian journalists
Diplomats from Saint Petersburg
Journalists from Saint Petersburg
Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to Austria
Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to China
Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to East Germany
Members of the Central Committee of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Members of the Central Committee of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Members of the Central Committee of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Members of the Central Committee of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Members of the Central Committee of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Eighth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
Ninth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
Tenth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
Eleventh convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Russian male journalists
Soviet journalists
Soviet politicians
Burials at Kuntsevo Cemetery


The Alpine Lakes Wilderness contains a number of mountain peaks and ranges:

Snoqualmie peaks

 Kaleetan Peak —
 Chair Peak —
 Denny Mountain —
 Guye Peak —
 Hibox Mountain —
 Snoqualmie Mountain —
 Lundin Peak — ft
 Red Mountain — ft
 Kendall Peak —
 Mount Thomson —
 Bryant Peak —
 The Tooth—
 Mount Defiance —
 Rampart Ridge —
 Mount Roosevelt—
 Three Queens—
 Dungeon Peak —
 Alaska Mountain —
 Wright Mountain —

Dutch Miller Gap peaks

 Chikamin Peak —
 Dip Top Peak —
 Four Brothers —
 Lemah Mountain —
 Chimney Rock —
 Huckleberry Mountain —
 Overcoat Peak —
 Summit Chief Mountain —
 Mount Hinman —
 Mount Daniel —
 Little Big Chief Mountain —
 Bears Breast Mountain —
 Big Snow Mountain —
 Cathedral Rock —
 La Bohn Peak —
 Burnt Boot Peak —
 Terrace Mountain —
 Iron Cap Mountain —
 Malachite Peak—

Wenatchee Mountains

 Cashmere Mountain —
 Eightmile Mountain —
 Granite Mountain —
 Ingalls Peak —
 The Cradle —
 Fortune Peak  —
 Navaho Peak —
 Harding Mountain  —
 Bills Peak —
 Mac Peak —
 Teanaway Peak —
 Surprise Mountain  —
 Spark Plug Mountain —
 Three Brothers  —
 Thunder Mountain —
 Trico Mountain —

Chiwaukum Mountains

 Big Chiwaukum —
 Snowgrass Mountain —
 Big Lou —
 Big Jim Mountain —
 Ladies Peak —
 Grindstone Mountain —
 Cape Horn —
 Bulls Tooth —
 Jim Hill Mountain —
 Arrowhead Mountain —

Stuart Range

 Mount Stuart —
 Argonaut Peak —
 Colchuck Peak —
 Dragontail Peak —
 Edward Peak —
 Enchantment Peak —
 Jabberwocky Tower —
 Little Annapurna —
 McClellan Peak —
 Prusik Peak —
 Cannon Mountain —
 The Temple —
 Witches Tower —
 Wedge Mountain —
 The Enchantments

References

See also

List of lakes in the Alpine Lakes Wilderness
Ecology of the North Cascades
Geography of the North Cascades
List of highest mountain peaks in Washington

.
North Cascades of Washington (state)
Lists of landforms of Washington (state)
Lists of mountains of the United States
Wenatchee National Forest
Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest


A broad classification for genetic disorders that result from an inability of the body to produce or utilize an enzyme or transport protein that is required to oxidize fatty acids.  They are an inborn error of lipid metabolism, and when it affects the muscles also a metabolic myopathy.

The enzyme or transport protein can be missing or improperly constructed, resulting in it not working. This leaves the body unable to produce energy within the liver and muscles from fatty acid sources.

The body's primary source of energy is glucose; however, when all the glucose in the body has been expended, a normal body digests fats.  Individuals with a fatty-acid metabolism disorder are unable to metabolize this fat source for energy, halting bodily processes.  Most individuals with a fatty-acid metabolism disorder are able to live a normal active life with simple adjustments to diet and medications.

If left undiagnosed many complications can arise.  When in need of glucose the body of a person with a fatty-acid metabolism disorder will still send fats to the liver.  The fats are broken down to fatty acids.  The fatty acids are then transported to the target cells but are unable to be broken down, resulting in a build-up of fatty acids in the liver and other internal organs.

Fatty-acid metabolism disorders are sometimes classified with the lipid metabolism disorders, but in other contexts they are considered a distinct category.

Types
Incomplete list of various fatty-acid metabolism disorders.
 Carnitine Transport Defect
 Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency (CACT)
 Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase I & II ( CPT I deficiency & CPT II deficiency)
 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA Reductase Deficiency
 Electron Transfer Flavoprotein (ETF) Dehydrogenase Deficiency (GAII & MADD)
 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency (HMG deficiency)
 Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD deficiency)
 Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHAD deficiency)
 Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD deficiency)
 Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (SCAD deficiency)
 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (M/SCHAD deficiency)

Oxidation
The term fatty acid oxidation disorder (FAOD) is sometimes used, especially when there is an emphasis on the oxidation of the fatty acid.

In addition to the fetal complications, they can also cause complications for the mother during pregnancy.

Examples include:
 Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (MTPD)
 MCADD, LCHADD, and VLCADD

Carnitine/transport
The fatty acids are transported by carnitine, and defects in this process are associated with several disorders. They involve the step immediately before oxidation, and are often grouped with the oxidation disorders.

Symptoms and signs
 Extreme sleepiness
 Behavior changes
 Irritable mood
 Poor appetite
 Fever
 Nausea
 Diarrhea
 Vomiting
 Hypoglycemia
 Enlarged heart
 Muscle weakness
 Heart failure
 While at rest, some exhibit cardiac arrhythmia (commonly various forms of tachycardia, but more rarely, conduction disorders or acute bradycardia); while others have a normal heart rhythm

Causes
Fatty-acid metabolism disorders result when both parents of the diagnosed subject are carriers of a defective gene.  This is known as an autosomal recessive disorder.  Two parts of a recessive gene are required to activate the disease.  If only one part of the gene is present then the individual is only a carrier and shows no symptoms of the disease.  If both mutated genes are present, the individual will be symptomatic.  Like most autosomal recessive disorders, when both parents are carriers, there is a 25% chance for each child to inherit the disease.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Fatty-acid metabolism disorder requires extensive lab testing.

Normally, in cases of hypoglycaemia, triglycerides and fatty acids are metabolised to provide glucose/energy. However, in this process, ketones are also produced and ketotic hypoglycaemia is expected. However, in cases where fatty acid metabolism is impaired, a non-ketotic hypoglycaemia may be the result, due to a break in the metabolic pathways for fatty-acid metabolism.

Treatment
The primary treatment method for fatty-acid metabolism disorders is dietary modification. It is essential that the blood-glucose levels remain at adequate levels to prevent the body from moving fat to the liver for energy.  This involves snacking on low-fat, high-carbohydrate nutrients every 2–6 hours.  However, some adults and children can sleep for 8–10 hours through the night without snacking.

Drugs
Carnitor - an L-carnitine supplement that has shown to improve the body's metabolism in individuals with low L-carnitine levels.  It is only useful for Specific fatty-acid metabolism disease.

See also
 Mitochondrion
 Fatty acid metabolism
 Beta oxidation
 Metabolic myopathies

References

External links

Fatty-acid metabolism disorders
Autosomal recessive disorders


Edward Preston & Sons is a tool manufacturer based in Birmingham, England.

History
It seems that Edward Preston Sr. (c. 1798–1883) was first listed as a plane-maker at 77 Lichfield Street in the  Birmingham Directory of 1833, but later listings and advertisements assert that the business was started in 1825. Preston is likewise recorded as a plane-maker living with his family in Lichfield Street in the 1841 census, at which time his younger son Edward was 6 years old. Around 1850, his son Edward left school to join his father's business and is recorded in the 1851 census as a plane-maker at his father's address. He appears to have been quite a talented and resourceful young man, as he had later been able to start up his own "wood and brass spirit level manufactory" at 97½ Lichfield Street by 1864.

By 1866, Edward Jr. had added planes, routers, joiners, coach, gun, cabinet and carpenters tools to his line, and the following year he moved his shop from his father's address and relocated to 26 Newton Street, before moving again to much larger premises at 22–24 Whittall Street.  This location became known as the Whittall Works and later was the office and factory of Edward Preston & Sons, Ltd.

In 1889 Edward Preston Jr.'s three sons were brought into the firm and the name was changed to Edward Preston & Sons, becoming Edward Preston & Sons Ltd on incorporation in 1898. Part of the firm's output was a healthy line of malleable and gun-metal planes and patent adjustable iron smoothers, shoulder planes, bullnose and block planes - a range that was expanded in later years. The 1901 catalogue shows several styles of planes which were unique to the Preston brand, along with the usual styles which had already been set by other makers such as Spiers and Norris.

The death of Edward Preston Jr. was reported in the Lichfield Mercury of 26 September 1913: "Mr. Preston was decidedly of an innovative turn of mind," the newspaper wrote, "as many of the machines in use at his works, as well as of the tools produced were the invention of himself and his three sons, who now manage the business." The report noted that at the time of his death, the business was carried on at Whittall Works, Cheston Street, Aston, Birmingham.

Later years
Falling on hard times, the firm of Edward Preston & Sons was sold to the Birmingham firm of John Rabone & Sons in 1932 and shortly thereafter manufacturing rights to some of the Preston range of planes were sold to the Sheffield firm of C. & J. Hampton, who would later merge with the Record Tool Company. Some of the Preston planes were directly added to the Record line by the Hampton firm, while others were modified or discontinued altogether.

Maker's marks

Generally all Preston wooden planes are clearly stamped on the front of the plane, the shape, size and character type of the stamp indicating the age of the plane. On some metal planes all the component parts were stamped with a number or symbol during manufacture. This number was used to re-assemble the parts following a batch process.

Not all Preston tools are trade-marked clearly. Early shoulder, rebate, chariot planes and chamfer rebates commonly appear without trademarks, but may have assembly numbers.

The "E P" trade-mark was already in use by 1882.

The trade-mark "Preston" also appears on some later tools that were manufactured in Sheffield, England.  These are generally smoothing planes and appear modern and very similar in construction to other modern manufacturers' planes.

Awards at world's fairs
 International Exhibition, Sydney, 1879. First award
 International Exhibition, Melbourne, 1880. First award
 Adelaide Jubilee International Exhibition, 1887. First order of merit

Notes

Bibliography

 Adamson, John, "Edward Preston", Furniture & Cabinetmaking, issue 258, June 2017, pp. 58–61
 Edward Preston & Sons Ltd (1901); reprinted with introduction by Kenneth D. Roberts (1979). Illustrated Price List of Rules, Spirit-Levels, Planes and Tools &c., Manufactured by Edward Preston & Sons Fitzwilliam, NH: Ken Roberts Publishing Company

 Russell, David R.; with photography by James Austin and foreword by David Linley (2010). Antique Woodworking Tools: Their Craftsmanship from the Earliest Times to the Twentieth Century,  Cambridge: John Adamson
 Salaman, R.A. (1997 ed. revised by Philip Walker) Dictionary of Woodworking Tools c. 1700–1970 and Tools of Allied Trades.  Mendham, NJ: Astragal Press

External links
 Handplane.com
 Preston Tool Reviews

Tool manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
Manufacturing companies based in Birmingham, West Midlands
1825 establishments in England
Manufacturing companies established in 1825


Woodville School may refer to:
Woodville School (Wakefield, Massachusetts), listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts
Woodville School (Ordinary, Virginia), listed on the NRHP in Virginia


Bogaert v. Land was a federal lawsuit filed on July 18, 2008, in the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan by Rose Bogaert against Terri Lynn Land in Land's official capacity as Michigan Secretary of State. Bogaert claimed that her rights under the U.S. Constitution were violated by MCL 168.957, the Michigan statute that forbids recall signatures to be collected by people who live in a district other than the district of the legislator whose recall is sought. The action filed by Bogaert was a 42 U.S.C. 1983 civil rights action.

Background
Andy Dillon was the speaker of the Michigan House and faced opposition due to his support of increased taxes. No state legislator had faced a recall vote since 1983.

Terri Lynn Land's office had determined that Bogaert's petition drive to place a question on the August 5, 2008, ballot to remove Dillon from office had fallen short by 776 signatures. 2,053 signatures that Land determined to be invalid were said to be because of the circulator's out-of-district status.

The lawsuit said that MCL 168.957 was unconstitutional and therefore should be disregarded as a proper basis for invalidating these signatures. If a federal judge agreed, the signatures could be reinstated and a recall election could be called.

Since it was too late for the recall question to go on the August ballot, the petition filed by Bogaert requested that the recall action be placed on the November 4, 2008, ballot. Dillon's name was expected to be on the ballot, as he sought his final term in office in the Michigan state legislature. If the lawsuit succeeded, Dillon's name would appear on the November ballot twice—once as a regular candidate and once as the subject of a recall election. If Dillon won the reelection, he could also simultaneously be recalled from the final two months of the term he was currently serving, which ended in January 2009.

Procedural posture and actions
In the lawsuit, Bogaert asked for emergency consideration of a request for a preliminary injunction relative to the signatures filed in the Andy Dillon recall.

Judge rules Michigan restrictions unconstitutional

On August 27, 2008, United States District Judge Robert Holmes Bell issued a preliminary injunction ordering Land to re-examine the signatures without reference to statutory requirements prohibiting non-residents of Dillon's district from circulating petitions, and ordered that if sufficient signatures were found, then Land must place the recall against Representative Dillon on the November 4, 2008, general election ballot. In the ruling, Bell agreed with recall supporters that part of Michigan's law governing recall signature gathering was unconstitutional because it infringed on political speech rights protected in the First Amendment.  He ruled that signatures from voters inside Dillon's district should be counted even if they were collected by petition circulators who lived outside the district or were not registered to vote. Under Michigan law, those signatures are not considered valid.

"The circulation of recall petitions is core political speech," Bell wrote, saying that recall organizers' First Amendment rights were "severely burdened" by state law.

Bell said the state and Dillon did not show how requiring recall petition circulators to be registered voters and district residents improves the integrity of recall petitions.

Dillon appeal for re-hearing rejected
Dillon appealed the court order on the grounds that the order did not leave him enough time before the September 8 deadline for printing ballots to challenge the signatures as fraudulent. Judge Bell denied Dillon's request for a re-hearing in his court, saying: "Representative Dillon was well aware of the tight schedule for challenging the recall petitions. Michigan law does not guarantee that state representatives will be given a second opportunity to challenge recall petitions in the event some portion of the state law is deemed to be unconstitutional. There was no impediment to his raising all of his challenges to the recall petitions by the June 2, 2008, deadline for submitting challenges. Representative Dillon effectively waived his right to challenge the authenticity of the signatures on the petitions circulated by non-residents and/or non-registered voters by failing to timely raise those challenges."

Michigan is in the Sixth Circuit, which is where Dillon would approach to file any additional appeals.

Political result
The recall appeared on the ballot, but was defeated with 62.72% voting against it. Dillon also won 66.06% of the vote for reelection and remained speaker of the House.

See also
Citizens for Tax Reform v. Deters
Yes on Term Limits v. Savage
Nader v. Brewer

References

2008 in United States case law
2008 in Michigan
Legal history of Michigan
United States district court cases
United States District Court case articles without infoboxes


Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management (abbreviation: Tsinghua SEM; Chinese: 清华大学经济管理学院, qīng huá dà xué jīng jì guǎn lǐ xué yuàn ), is the business school of Tsinghua University in Beijing, China. The school offers undergraduate, master, doctoral, and many executive education programs, with a total enrollment of more than 3,000 students.

History

Early history
The history of Tsinghua SEM dates back to 1926, when Tsinghua University established its Faculty of Economics. In 1956, when the Chinese government decided to regroup higher education institutions in an attempt to build a Soviet-style education system, the Faculty of Economics was separated from Tsinghua and merged into other universities.

Revival
In 1979, with the Chinese economic reform taking place, Tsinghua University began setting up a new School of Economics and Management Engineering. The School of Economics and Management was officially established in 1984, with Zhu Rongji serving as the first dean.

Rankings and reputation
The Tsinghua School of Economics and Management (SEM) is consistently ranked among the best business schools in China. It was the first mainland Chinese institution to have achieved AACSB and EQUIS accreditations for its business and accounting programs. Founded in 1984, SEM was the first school of economics and management in China. Its founding Dean, Professor Zhu Rongji, later became the fifth Premier of the People's Republic of China. Tsinghua SEM is the successor to Tsinghua University's Department of Economics, which was originally established in 1926. Its main competitor is Guanghua School of Management, Peking University.

Today, SEM's professional and academic programs are considered to be among the premier training grounds for China's business leaders.

In 2021, SEM was ranked 11th globally in the Times Higher Education Rankings by Subjects for "Economics and Business" subjects. It was ranked 23rd in "Accounting and Finance" subjects, 25th in "Economics and Econometrics" subjects and 31st in "Business and Management Studies" subjects by the QS World University Rankings by Subjects, which are historical strengths for the Tsinghua School of Economics and Management.

Academics

Areas of study
There are 8 majors within SEM, namely: management science and engineering, finance, economics, accounting, corporation strategy and policy, marketing, human resources management, and technology economics and management.

Research centers
The school also operates a number of prominent research centers, including: the Research Center for Contemporary Management, the Research Center for Technological Innovation, the National Entrepreneurship Research Center, the China Center for Financial Research, the National Center for Economic Research, the China Retail Research Center, the China Business Research Center, the Center for China in the World Economy, the Research Center for Contemporary Management and Technological Innovation, and the China Insurance and Risk Management Research Center.

Faculty
Since 2006, Tsinghua SEM has been recruiting faculty from reputable Ph.D. programs around the world. A majority of new faculty members have international educational backgrounds, representing such alma maters and prior faculty assignments as Harvard, Yale, Wharton (University of Pennsylvania), MIT Sloan, and Stanford.

Student body
Tsinghua SEM's undergraduate program is known in mainland China as one of the two most competitive undergraduate business programs (the other being the undergraduate program in Guanghua School of Management of Peking University). More than half of the students admitted to Tsinghua SEM rank in the top 10 in their respective provinces on the National Higher Education Entrance Examination (also known as the Gaokao).

Advisory board
Initiated by SEM's Founding Dean Zhu Rongji, the advisory board of Tsinghua SEM was established in October 2000. Since its establishment, the advisory board has met annually to offer advice on the development of Tsinghua SEM. The advisory board has provided tremendous help in the following initiatives:
 Contributing ideas and formulating strategies to make Tsinghua SEM a world-class school
 Promoting faculty development at Tsinghua SEM
 Supporting the establishment of research centers
 Funding research projects

Tsinghua SEM's advisory board is unique from those of many academic institutions in that it consists largely of non-Tsinghua alumni. Among the most prominent international advisory board members are Mark Zuckerberg, Elon Musk, Tim Cook, Stephen Schwarzman, Henry Paulson, Muhtar Kent, and Carlos Ghosn; Chinese Advisory Board members include Jack Ma, Pony Ma, and Robin Li, among others.

MBA and EMBA programs
Tsinghua SEM's Global and part-time MBA programs are among the most competitive MBA programs in the People's Republic of China. The entirely English Global MBA program is offered in collaboration with the MIT Sloan School of Management. After two years of business and leadership education, students obtain a Masters of Business Administration (MBA) degree from Tsinghua University as well as a certificate from the MIT Sloan School of Management and MIT Sloan affiliate alumni status.

SEM also offers an executive MBA ("EMBA") program in partnership with INSEAD. The Tsinghua-INSEAD Dual Degree Executive MBA program was initiated in 2006 and is the first program of its kind in China, combining international executive business education with a focus on Asia. The program's first class enrolled in the summer of 2007. The program is taught jointly by the two schools’ faculties. Upon successful completion of the program, participants are awarded two degrees: an EMBA degree by Tsinghua University and an MBA for Executives degree by INSEAD. Graduates become alumni of the two schools.

With the Kering Academy and HEC Business School in Paris, Tsinghua offers an 18-month executive program focused on educating "managers identified as high-potential talents at Kering and its brands operating in China."

Tsinghua-MIT Global MBA

The Tsinghua-MIT Global MBA is a two-year, full-time MBA program born out of a collaboration between Tsinghua University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Tsinghua has partnered with MIT since 1996 and first established the International MBA (IMBA) program in 1997.

In 2007, the MIT-Tsinghua China Lab was jointly launched by the Sloan School of Management, Tsinghua SEM, and five other business schools to provide China-focused enterprise management and consulting services.

In 2013, the IMBA program and Tsinghua's Chinese-instructed full-time MBA (FMBA) program were integrated into the Tsinghua-MIT Global MBA (GMBA) program, based primarily on Tsinghua's campus with elective module and dual-degree options on MIT's campus as well as a GMBA-specific seminar series and elective courses from visiting MIT Sloan faculty on Tsinghua's campus. Of the restructure, MIT Sloan Professor S.P. Kothari asserted, "It is not just a renaming, but it actually reflects the world change ... MIT has been collaborating with Tsinghua for 17 years. We have the foresight in predicting that the sun will shine directly on China and we wanted to bask in that sunshine."

The GMBA program now offers global courses and elective modules in cooperation with several other highly ranked universities as well as international teaching resources in both English and Chinese. It is particularly visible as an academic collaboration between the United States and China by virtue of frequent lectures and course offerings from prominent executives and business thought leaders.

Academics and program structure
Unlike most Western MBA programs, the Tsinghua-MIT Global MBA (GMBA) program adheres to a thesis (or "graduation case report") requirement for graduating students. In contrast to a fairly rigid first-year curriculum similar to those of many Western MBA programs, the second-year GMBA experience balances a more flexible variety of on-campus elective coursework at Tsinghua, academic exchange stints abroad, work opportunities for domestic and international students, and thesis completion and defense. Upon completion of required courses, students may select from varying curricular tracks such as banking, enterprise innovation, accounting analysis, and international business administration. After two academic years (21 months) of business and leadership education, students obtain a Masters of Business Administration (MBA) degree from Tsinghua University as well as a certificate from the MIT Sloan School of Management and receive MIT Sloan affiliate alumni status. Besides the international orientation, the program aims to immerse students into Chinese language and culture. The GMBA program is distinct from Tsinghua's three-year part-time MBA (PMBA) program, which is open to domestic and international students with Chinese-language skills and is offered on evenings and weekends.

Leading economic and business thought leaders give regular guest lectures, including McKinsey Chairman Dominic Barton, Rio Tinto CEO Tom Albanese, and Walmart President Doug McMillon. During the 2015–16 academic year, elective courses available to first- and second-year GMBA students included one- to two-week module courses delivered by Peter Thiel and Harvard Professor Niall Ferguson. In recent years, Mark Zuckerberg, Elon Musk, Tim Cook, and other CEOs have given guest lectures and participated in dialogues with GMBA students during the annual advisory board meeting at Tsinghua SEM. In 2015, Zuckerberg posted one such lecture, describing it as "my first ever speech in Chinese" and describing Tsinghua SEM as "a great center of innovation."

Partnerships
The Tsinghua-MIT Global MBA program (GMBA) incorporates collaborations across several other globally oriented universities. The GMBA program offers dual-degree opportunities with MIT, HEC Paris, and Columbia University in New York City. By 2013, the GMBA program maintained partnerships with 58 universities in 26 different countries. The program also offers short-term overseas modules at MIT Sloan, Stanford University's Graduate School of Business, and other partner institutions. Visiting faculty and guest professors from both MIT and a variety of other universities come to Tsinghua each year and offer lectures and module courses for GMBA students.

Notable people
Li Zinai, Professor of Economics

References

Tsinghua University
Business schools in China


Akrep ("Scorpion") is a Turkish infantry mobility vehicle developed by Otokar Otobus Karoseri Sanayi AS. The first prototypes were completed in May 1993 and the first vehicles came off the production line in June 1994. In addition to light reconnaissance, the vehicles were used for escort, perimeter control, counterinsurgency, and light attack. The Akrep represented the latest offering in Otokar's portfolio of light vehicles for both civilian and military markets.

Description
The Akrep has an all-welded steel hull with some 70% of its automotive components used from the Land Rover Defender 90/110 (4x4) vehicle. A monocoque steel armor hull protects from small arms fire up to 7.62 mm ball ammunition fired at 90° incidence and point-blank range, and shell splinters. All windows and vision blocks are made of laminated construction armored glass with a polycarbonate liner. The layout is conventional, with the engine at the front, driver and commander in the center, and the machine gun installation mounted on the roof toward the rear with the gunner seated below. The windshield is bulletproof. There are two doors with bulletproof windows at the top and firing ports below. There are also firing ports and viewers on both sides of the hull and a large rear hull door with a firing port that swings out leftward. There is a hatch in the rear section of the roof that opens rearward. The roof gun mount is typically armed with a 7.62 mm machine gun that may be aimed and fired from inside the vehicle. Also there is AGS-17 mounted variants being used in Northern Cyprus.

The mount can traverse 180° left and right and the 7.62 mm machine gun can elevate from -20° to +70°. There are 230 rounds of ready-use ammunition, and an additional 3,000 rounds carried inside the vehicle. The firing is electronically controlled with safety locking and braking together with a mechanical backup. There is also a last round indicator. The day sight has a wide field of view (22°) with 1x magnification and a collimated aiming circle, and a narrow field of view (8°) with 8x magnification and a ballistic graticule. The night sight has a wide field of view (22°) with 1x magnification and collimated aiming circle, and a narrow field of view (7°) with 7x magnification, a 25 mm image intensifier tube, and a ballistic graticule.  Standard equipment includes an air conditioning system, a heater and defogger, an infrared driving headlamp, a blackout lighting system, a smoke extraction fan mounted on the roof, thick polyurethane roof and body interior lining for thermal and noise insulation, an explosion-suppressed fuel tank, and Hutchinson run-flat tires. Optional equipment includes a front-mounted electrical winch with 25 meters of cable at a capacity of 3,600 kg, 66 mm smoke grenade launchers, a pioneer kit (axe, shovel, pickaxe), a communications system, and a land navigation system.

The Akrep is relatively light, fast, and maneuverable.  Its high power/weight ratio and long travel suspension support mobility in urban conditions, rough terrain, and challenging weather.

Design and manufacture
The Akrep's low profile, ballistic hull design and special armor protection and agility are all designed to maximize its ability to survive in high-threat environments. Each armor plate is laboratory tested and certified. Each panel is stamped prior to production and fully traceable.

All mechanical parts of Akrep are made using commercial off-the-shelf components.

Operators

Current operators

Border Guards Bangladesh

 used by RENEA

See also
Otokar Cobra
Otokar Akrep II

References

Armoured fighting vehicles of Turkey
Akrep
Military vehicles introduced in the 1990s


Cristian "Pity" Álvarez (born 28 June 1972) is an Argentine rock musician, a member of the rock bands Viejas Locas and Intoxicados.

Career
Álvarez grew up in the Piedrabuena Complex, in the western part of Buenos Aires. In 1993, he joined the rolinga rock band Viejas Locas. He left in 2000 to establish his current band Intoxicados.

Intoxicados
In 2001, Intoxicados released its first album, Buen día (Good day), which had a similar style to Viejas Locas, but also incorporated other genres such as punk and reggae. In Intoxicados' first concert, in Cemento in 2001, the band played mostly Viejas Locas songs with some of their own.

In 2003, the group released their second album, No es sólo rock and roll (It's not just rock and roll). The album included a song dedicated to Muddy Waters, called "De a ratitos". In 2005 they released Otro día en el planeta tierra (Another day on Planet Earth).

In September 2007, Intoxicados played at the Argentinian rock festival Pepsi Music.

Their fourth album was entitled Exilio de las especies, and Alvarez stated that it was the third part of a trilogy started by No es solo rock n' roll. This album includes the songs "Pila pila" and "Casi sin pensar". A special edition was released with space for the band's whole discography.

In summer 2010, Alvarez swallowed five tablets of viagra and was hospitalized for 24 hours. As result, he was diagnosed with necrosis among several other liver issues.

At dawn on July 12, 2018, police found the body of someone identified as an acquaintance of Álvarez, as well as a weapon belonging to the singer. According to a witness, Álvarez shot the victim four times before fleeing. Álvarez remained at large for approximately 24 hours before surrendering to the authorities, taking responsibility for the shooting but claiming it was in self-defense. The victim was subsequently named as Cristian Díaz.

References

Rock en Español musicians
Argentine male songwriters
Musicians from Buenos Aires
1972 births
Living people
Argentine criminals
Argentine people convicted of murder


Woodward House may refer to:

in the United States
(by state)
Woodward-Baird House, Boulder, Colorado, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Boulder, Colorado
Woodward House (Denver, Colorado), in Civic Center Historic District (Denver, Colorado) (or Denver Civic Center)
Ashbel Woodward House, Franklin, Connecticut, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in New London County, Connecticut
Woodward Houses, Wilmington, Delaware, listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Wilmington, Delaware
Chester B. Woodward House, Topeka, Kansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Shawnee County, Kansas
 Woodward House (Greensburg, Kentucky), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Green County, Kentucky
John Woodward House, Newton, Massachusetts, listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts
Rev. Samuel Woodward House, Weston, Massachusetts, listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts
William Woodward House, Taunton, Massachusetts, listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts
Elias Woodward House, Corvallis, Oregon, listed on the NRHP in Oregon
 Woodward House (Houston, Texas), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Harris County, Texas
Dr. M. M. Woodward House, San Angelo, Texas, listed on the NRHP in Tom Green County, Texas
David J. and May Bock Woodward House, San Antonio, Texas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Bexar County, Texas
 Woodward House (Richmond, Virginia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Richmond, Virginia
Robert Simpson Woodward House, Washington, D.C., listed on the NRHP in Washington, D.C.

See also
Woodward Building (disambiguation)


Anna Synodinou (Greek: Άννα Συνοδινού; 21 November 1927 – 7 January 2016) was a Greek actress and politician.

Born in Loutraki, she studied at the National Theatre of Greece Drama School. She mainly excelled in ancient drama and won the Kotopouli theatre award twice. She also performed in Shakespearean stage productions. She had a brief but notable career in cinema, and a sparse presence in Greek television where she was awarded for her role in the series Matomena Homata.

She was elected to the Hellenic Parliament for New Democracy MP in 1974 and remained an MP until 1990. She served as deputy minister for social services from 1977 to 1980.

Filmography

References

External links

 Cine.gr page on Anna Synodinou

1927 births
2016 deaths
20th-century Greek actresses
New Democracy (Greece) politicians
Greek actor-politicians
Greek MPs 1974–1977
Greek MPs 1977–1981
Greek MPs 1981–1985
Greek MPs 1985–1989
Greek MPs 1989 (June–November)
Greek MPs 1989–1990
20th-century Greek women politicians
Greek people of Italian descent
People from Corinthia


Vadavucode is a village in the Ernakulam district in the state of Kerala, India near the town of Puthencruz. It is one of the local and Developing Village Near Puthencruz Town. Vadavucode plays a pivotal role in connecting the two villages of Kaninad and Pancode.

Vadavucode is famous for its "Kalavayal" or "Kala chantha"(cattle market) held on First Day of every Malayalam Month, Now known as "Vayalumpad"

Institutions

Schools
 Rajarshi Memorial Higher Secondary School
 Govt.LP School Vadavucode
 RMTTI Vadavucode..

Government Offices

Village Office
Community Health Centre
Agriculture Office.
 Post Office

Worship Places

St.Mary's Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
 Charambarambu Bhagavathi Temple
St.Mary's  Syrian Orthodox(Jacobite) Church

References

Villages in Ernakulam district


"Juan Pablo Esperanza, Amigo del Alma" (English "John Paul Hope, Friend of the Soul") is a single-EP by Mexican pop singer Daniela Romo. The single with just one song was recorded because of the visit of the Pope John Paul II to Mexico. The song was the official theme of Televisa written by Fernando Riba and Kiko Campos, produced by Bebu Silvetti and Tina Galindo. This was the "musical pray" of Mexico to the Pope.

Due to the religious success that surprised Daniela and producers, they wanted to include it in the album Me Vuelves Loca, but PolyGram was absorbed by Universal Music Group and the inclusion was canceled.

Track listing
Track:
 "Juan Pablo Esperanza (Amigo del alma)" – 3:17

References

Daniela Romo albums
1999 EPs
1999 singles
1999 songs
Daniela Romo songs


Cryptocarya microneura is a rainforest tree growing at the eastern coastal parts of Australia.

Habitat

Common in most warm temperate rainforest areas on the poorer sedimentary soils, but also in the littoral rainforests. It grows from near Batemans Bay in the southern Illawarra area (35° S) in New South Wales to near Nambour, Queensland (26° S).

Description

Cryptocarya microneura, known as the murrogun is a small or medium-sized tree to around 25 metres tall and 30 cm in diameter.

The bark is grey and somewhat corky on small trees, or greyish brown and scaly on larger trees. The trunk is often irregular or fluted in shape.

Leaves are alternate and simple, with a long blunt point at the tip. Upper surface glossy dark green, under surface paler green.

Flowers appear from September to November, being cream, unscented and in panicles. Flowers are finely downy.

The fruit is a drupe. Shiny, black and pointed. 12 mm in diameter with faint vertical ribs. Eaten by rainforest birds including the topknot pigeon. Like most Australian Cryptocarya fruit, removal of the fleshy aril is advised to assist seed germination.

Cryptocarya microneura is a larval host plant for the butterflies Chaetocneme beata, Netrocoryne repanda and Graphium sarpedon.

References

External links

Trees of Australia
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Queensland
Laurales of Australia
microneura


Alabuga () is a special economic zone of an industrial and production type located in a 20 km² area in the Yelabuzhsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan in the Kama Innovative Territorial Production Cluster 10 km from Yelabuga, 25 km from Naberezhnye Chelny, 40 km from Nizhnekamsk and 210 km from the regional center — Kazan. The shareholders of the management company of the SEZ "Alabuga" are the Russian Federation through the JSC "Special Economic Zones" with 100% state participation (66%) and the Ministry of Land and Property of the Republic of Tatarstan (34%).

As of 2016-2017, "Alabuga" is the largest and most successful special economic zone of industrial and production type in Russia, accounting for 68% of total revenue (2017) and 42% of tax collections from all SEZs of the country (2016), providing 54% of private investment in Russian SEZ (2016).

History

Yelabuga Automobile Plant

In the 1980s, the right bank of the Kama river was a promising industrial centre. In the vicinity of Naberezhnye Chelny, the auto road and railways communications were established; KamAZ was showing new industrial capacities; the Plant of Transport Electrical Equipment and the Cardboard and Paper combine enterprise and the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric station were launched. In 1984, the Council of Ministers of the USSR decided to build a  (KamTZ) in the Yelabuga area, including a universal tractors plant, along with an engine plant, a fueling equipment, a turbocharger, a foundry and forging and a machine tool producing plants.

Nikolay Bekh, the director of the “KamAZ” foundry plant, headed the Directorate of the future plant. The general plan of “KamTZ” was prepared under his supervision. The project, commissioned by the Ministry of Tractor and Agricultural Machinery of the USSR, was designed by “Giprotractorselkhozmash” from Kharkiv; its main contractor was the production association "Kamgesenergostroy". The first cubic meter of concrete was laid in the foundation of the future plant on 12 October 1984, and the next year the construction of apartment houses, factory buildings, boiler station, treatment facilities and the road from the highway Kazan - Naberezhnye Chelny highway to the plant site were launched. By 1988, six buildings of the plant were installed, a combined heat power plant was built, 90 kilometres of high-pressure gas pipeline from Udmurtia were laid, and four samples of an experimental tractor were put up, but Mikhail Gorbachev doubted the expediency of a huge tractor production. In July 1988, the Council of Ministers decided to reorganize KamTZ into the Yelabuga Automobile Plant (YelAZ), which was subordinated to the Ministry of the Automobile Industry by order of August 9, 1988.

It was planned to launch a mass production of city cars, “Oka” in particular, on the YelAZ site in 1989-1995. The plant also negotiated the creation of a joint venture with Fiat for the production of Fiat Panda and the jointly developed "A93" model, but the Italian company delayed the signing of the contract, waiting for the political crisis resolution on which the project financing depended. Because of a lack of funds, the launch of YelAZ was postponed from 1991 to 1992. In November 1991, Gorbachev put the plant to the jurisdiction of the Republic of Tatarstan and, thanks to the support of the President of Tatarstan, Mintimer Shaimiev, the enterprise managed to avoid closure after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The main subdivision of YelAZ in the 1990s was the machine tool producing factory, which was launched in 1992 and supplied large car manufacturing factories and oil refineries. When in 1997 it reached the breakeven point, about one thousand people worked on a territory of 100 thousand sq meters. The republican authorities also revived the idea of car production and in late 1995 reached crucial agreements with the concern of General Motors. In early 1996, a joint venture “YelAZ-General Motors” was established with $250 million of authorised capital, 25% of which belonged to US investors, the rest — in equal shares to Tatarstan and Russia. The Chevrolet Blazer SUVs, produced in Brazil, were assembled at the YelAZ-General Motors sites, and ElAZ directly dealt with third-party orders for tools, machine tools and spare parts, and together with the French company produced beet harvesters.

The first 120 Chevrolets left the assembly line in March 1997, and by the end of 1998, it was planned to open a production complex of a joint venture in the 601st building of the industrial site and to increase car production to 50 thousand per year. The Yelabuga — Kazan — Moscow — St. Petersburg dealer network began to work, and to reduce the car selling price, the government of the Republic of Tatarstan reduced the property tax rate for “YelAZ-General Motors”. However, the financing of the tripartite project was slipping: for example, in mid-1997, journalists pointed out that only 20 million roubles (3.456 mln US Dollars) instead of 120 (20.74 mln US Dollars) were delivered from the Republican budget, while the Russian Federation provided only 1.7 million (0.294 mln US Dollars). After that, the existing mechanism of the project funding was abolished by order of the Russian president on 8 July 1997.

Free economic zone

In order to attract funding and to overcome unemployment in Yelabuga, the republican government turned to the widespread practice in Russia of the 1990s of creating free economic zones designed to stimulate the regional economy through tax breaks and the attraction of foreign capital. The Law of the Republic of Tatarstan "On Free Economic Zone «Alabuga»" was adopted on April 22, 1998, by 33 votes of deputies of the State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan; one deputy voted against it. The FEZ regulations were developed together with the Customs Committee of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, and the State Committee for Property Management of the Republic of Tatarstan. The FEZ residents were exempt from all tax payments, except for  and personal income tax. Despite the fact that in 2001 the American company left the joint venture "ElAZ — General Motors", the FEZ continued its work. By 2003, 13 companies were located in the FEZ, including the “Skantat” joint venture with Volvo, which produces buses on the KamAZ chassis; the Minski Traktarny Zavod tractor production; the meat-processing plant “Modul”, the car chemicals production “D Plast-Eftek; the manufacturer of special machinery on the cargo chassis "AutoMaster"; a factory of office furniture and trade equipment "ElTons"; the manufacturer of building components "DSK KMK" and the joint venture for the heaters production "Delonghi — ZASS «Alabuga»”.

The law "On Free Economic Zone «Alabuga»" contained some fundamental differences from federal legislation related to the industrial and production specificity of the site and the desire of the Tatarstan authorities to avoid the use of FEZ for tax evasion. The republican prosecutor's office considered that these differences contained violations of the Civil Code that restrict citizens' rights to engage in entrepreneurial activities, and protested the law during the discussion of the amendments in September 2001. Deputies of the State Council of Tatarstan appealed to the economic expediency of "Alabuga", but the prosecutor's office was not satisfied with these arguments and demanded that Supreme Court of Tatarstan regards the law as contradicting the federal legislation. The Supreme Court of Tatarstan refused to do it, and the Tatarstan prosecutor's office appealed against the decision in the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. Despite the absence of a direct ban on the creation of free economic zones with special economic regimes in the federal legislation, the Supreme Court of Russia took the side of the prosecutor's office, and qualified the creation of FEZ to be beyond the powers of the Tatarstan State Council and on March 21, 2003 abolished the law "On free economic zone «Alabuga»”. On April 23, 2003, the State Council officially terminated the law on the territory of the republic.

Directorate of investment programs

To fulfil the obligations to provide tax benefits and implement investment projects for the residents of the free economic zone, the Government of Tatarstan established the "Directorate of investment programs on the territory of the industrial site «Alabuga»", which fully complied with federal legislation. The Directorate became the legal successor of the free economic zone, and the former territory of the FEZ was transferred to its management. In 2004, four production projects with 3 million dollars of investment were launched on the site.

Special economic zone

The Tatarstan project attracted the attention of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation during the work on the new law regulating free economic zones. Representatives of the Directorate of investment programs were invited to the working group for drafting the bill, and after the adoption of the law "On special economic zones" in July–August 2005, Herman Gref visited Yelabuga. The project of the special economic zone in Yelabuga became one of the winners of the competition for the creation of the first two SEZs. On December 21, 2005, the Government of the Russian Federation issued Resolution No. 784 "On the establishment of a special economic zone of industrial type on the territory of the Yelabuga district of the Republic of Tatarstan". The tripartite agreement, signed on 18 January 2006 between the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan and the administration of Yelabuga municipal district, obliged the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan to jointly finance the engineering, transport and social infrastructure of the SEZ. The open joint-stock company "Special economic zone of industrial and production type «Alabuga»” (JSC “SEZ IPT «Alabuga»") was established on 24th July 2006. JSC "Special Economic Zones", completely owned by the Russian Federation and the Ministry land and property relations of the Republic of Tatarstan, became its shareholder. The Grand opening of SEZ Alabuga was held on 20 November 2007. It was attended by the President of Tatarstan Mintimer Shaimiev, the head of the  Mikhail Mishustin, the Minister of Economic Development and Trade Elvira Nabiullina, the Deputy Minister of Industry and Energy Denis Manturov and the Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov.

Shahed-136 drone assembly

Russia built factories to assemble the Shahed 136, with plans for over 2,400 workers in Alabuga. Initial plans were for 100 units per month to be reassembled (as a knock-down kit) by January 2023. Initial shipments arrived at Begishevo Airport and included some Shahed 131 drones. Indigenous production of the airframes was scheduled to begin in April 2023, and full production of 226 units per month by January 2024. Russia will need an indigenous engine to replace Iran's Mado-cloned Limbach L550E. Conflict Armament Research confirmed that Russian-produced drones were in use by July 2023.

Infrastructure

Engineering networks

Power supply of "Alabuga" comes through high-voltage substations "Toima-2" with a capacity of 100 MW and "Shchelokov-500" with a capacity of 250 MW. A 600 MW distribution substation, designed to minimize the risks of voltage change and provide uninterrupted power supply even if power supply from one of the substations would be cut off, was put into operation. Water supply is organised through a purification station that receives water from the water intake "Turaevo", located 65 km from "Alabuga". Household sewage of resident enterprises undergo treatment at local treatment facilities and, through the system of self-pressure sewerage, are directed to treatment facilities of Yelabuga municipal district. Heating supply of "Alabuga" is provided by the heat sources of resident companies and operating boiler houses of  with a (designed) heat output of 420 Gcal/h. For a long time the enterprise did not produce electricity and specialised in delivering heat to “Alabuga”, and in September 2016 the management company of the FEZ bought the PHP from the “Generating Company” in order to attract large heat consumers. Gas supply is being carried out from the gas distribution station "Central" of the gas pipeline "Mozhga — Yelabuga".

Logistics

Transport accessibility of "Alabuga" is provided by a two-kilometre road that connects the site with the federal highway M7, a river communication with access to the Unified Deep Water System of European Russia through the ports in Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk, the international airport Begishevo and non-public railway to Tikhonovo station at the Kuybyshev Railway. In 2016, the SEZ management company planned the construction of an additional railway line to meet the growing needs of the residents. A cargo express is planned to be launched in 2017, which will connect the Kuibyshev and Gorky Railway, and will run along the route Sukhobozvodnoye-Tikhonovo and supply quartz sand to Alabuga for the glass production.

An equipped container platform for cargo shipment has been operating in Alabuga since January 2008. Yelabuga customs post of the Tatarstan customs office, established a year earlier, started working in April 2008. The area of its activity is limited by the territory of the SEZ "Alabuga". The on-site post with 46 employees has been located in the administrative and business centre and became part of the "one-stop-shop" system for resident companies. The free customs zone was opened in Alabuga along with the customs post. According to the results of 2014, Yelabuga customs post was declared the best customs post in Russia.

Industrial parks

In 2015, two industrial parks were opened on the territory of "Alabuga": “Synergy” and “A Plus Park Alabuga”, whose sites are rented by resident companies for production purposes. "Synergy", which is an area of 24500 m², offers standard modules of two types, including production areas as well as administrative and utility spaces. 200 thousand m² of the industrial area, warehouses and A-class office space are available in “A Plus Park Alabuga”.

Social infrastructure
Plans for the SEZ "Alabuga" development include construction of housing for employees of resident companies. The "Three Bears" suburban settlement with a total area of 40.47 hectares, located 7 km from the SEZ, was completed in 2014. The village includes 40 two-storeyed cottages, an international Alabuga International School with advanced study of English, a kindergarten at the school, a house for teachers and specialists, two boiler houses, water intake and water treatment facilities. There are also recreational areas, a public centre, a sports complex, a restaurant and a shop. In October 2016, "Alabuga" acquired the hotel complex Alabuga City Hotel, which opened in 2009 in the historical part of Yelabuga. The SEZ management planned to reprofile the hotel to accommodate employees of resident companies, sent to Alabuga, and in 2017 chose “Ramada” international network to be its operator. Other plans of the SEZ development include the construction of the "Severny" micro-district in Alabuga with an area of 115.9 hectares, which will include 209 individual houses with a total area of 33.4 thousand m² and an apartment building of 242 thousand m², which will ensure the population of 9453 people. Schools, kindergartens, a public centre and a park area of 19.6 hectares are planned to become a part of the future micro-district.

Corporate University
Alabuga’s corporate university started to work in 2016 - it is a training program for senior executives of the resident companies. Training is based on the case study method, includes master classes on marketing, strategic management and production management, which are conducted by the heads of the SEZ and the resident companies. Within the framework of the educational program, students do training in various divisions of the "Alabuga" Directorate and develop projects to address the real needs of the administration and residents of the SEZ. The second class of students graduated in April 2017.

Management company and financial indicators

Management company

The managing company of the special economic zone is JSC “SEZ IPT «Alabuga»”, whose shareholders are the Russian Federation through the state-owned JSC “Special Economic Zones” (66%) and the Ministry of Land and Property Relations of the Republic of Tatarstan (34%). According to the reports of JSC “SEZ IPT «Alabuga»” of 2014, 590 employees worked for the management company of the special economic zone.

The management company interacts with state authorities and does IR-support of the SEZ. Since 2009, JSC “SEZ IPT «Alabuga»” carries out voluntary certification of quality management. In 2013, Alabuga received a certificate of compliance with the requirements of GOST 9001-2011 (ISO 9001: 2008). In 2014, the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology issued to the management company of the SEZ a certificate of compliance of the environmental management system and a certificate of compliance of the health and safety management. The activity of JSC “SEZ IPT «Alabuga»” is controlled by the Board of Director; the General Director performs operational management.

Financial indicators

"Alabuga" is the largest and most successful special economic zone of industrial and production type in Russia: it accounts for 68% of the total revenue of all SEZs in the country (as of 2017), private capital investments in "Alabuga" make 54% of all funds invested in the SEZ in Russia (as of 2016). By 2017 Alabuga signed contracts for investments totalling 155.8 billion roubles (4.5 billion US Dollars), of which 100.2 billion rubles (3.1 billion US Dollars) were used. The largest foreign investors are from the Netherlands and Turkey. In total, resident companies created more than 5.6 thousand jobs in "Alabuga".

In 2016 "Alabuga" accounted for 42% of the taxes (excluding VAT) of all special economic zones of Russia. From its start to 2016, its residents paid 9.7 billion roubles of taxes (including 2.6 billion roubles, or 42.42 mln US Dollars, in 2015). The President of the Republic of Tatarstan Rustam Minnikhanov estimates the tax revenues to fully cover 25.7 billion roubles of state investments in the infrastructure of "Alabuga" by 2019. According to the plan, by 2023 the number of residents will reach 120, the volume of annual tax deductions — 32 billion roubles a year (476 mln U.S. Dollars at the average annual exchange rate of the ruble to the dollar in 2016).

Residents

The procedure of obtaining the status of the resident is defined by law: a company must register legal entity in Yelabuga municipal area and present a business plan with investments not less than 120 million roubles. The application is considered by the Alabuga supervisory board. The average period of obtaining the status of a resident is three months. By October 2017, 57 companies were registered as residents, 23 plants were put into service, others being under construction or projected in Alabuga.

Tax regime

Taxation of the Alabuga residents is carried out in accordance with the Russian laws of the special economic zones. The resident companies have some tax preferences and benefits, defined by federal legislation and legislation of  Tatarstan.

 Corporate tax is 2% for the first five years, 7% for years 6-10 and 15,5% until 2055. The term counts from the date the company receives its first profit. (According to the law of the Republic of Tatarstan of 10 February 2006 #5-ЗРТ);
 Property tax — 0% for 10 years since the tax base formation. The period can be extended by the law of the Republic of Tatarstan (According to the paragraph 17 of article №381 of the tax code of the Russian Federation);
 The Alabuga residents are exempt from transport tax for 10 years since registering the vehicle (According to the law of the Republic of Tatarstan of 29 November 2002 # 24-ЗРТ) and land value tax for the same period since the property title to the area accrues (By the decision of Yelabuga municipal district council of 25 January 2006 #38);
 According to the Free economic zone regime, the imported equipment and products used in the territory of Alabuga are exempt from the сustoms duties (10%) and the value-added tax (18%).

Operating enterprises

 Drylock Technologies — a plant of a Belgian company Drylock technologies producing hygiene products. The enterprise opened on October 8, 2016.
 Trakya Glass Rus — a joint project of a Turkish holding Şişecam (70%) and the French company Saint-Gobain producing flat glass, mirrors and glasses with spraying. The plant produces 230 thousand tons of flat glass per year. The enterprise opened on October 8, 2016.
 Automotive Glass Alliance Rus — automotive glass production manufacturing 800 thousand sets per year. The company opened on October 8, 2016.
 Dizyan Rus Alabuga — the polymer pipes production of the Turkish company Dizayn group. 23,3 thousand tons of product is manufactured per year. The company operates since November 25, 2015.
 3M Volga — a project of 3M company. 3M Volga produces industrial goods, anti-corrosive coatings, abrasives, glass microspheres, industrial adhesive materials and adhesive tapes. The plant was put into action in October 2015. Завод был введён в эксплуатацию в октябре 2015 года
 Armstrong Building Products — a dropped ceiling systems plant of Armstrong World Industries company. The declared production capacity — 22 million sqm per year. The enterprise open on 9 June 2015.
 Havi Logistics Yelabuga — production and distribution centre of , which provides delivery for McDonald's chain of restaurants. The complex includes 5832 sqm of warehouses and 1080 sqm of the administrative area; it was put into operation in June 2015.
 Huhtamaki Foodservice Alabuga — a manufacturer of disposable tableware is owned by the Finnish Huhtamäki and collaborates with McDonald’s chain of restaurants. The production line, designed to produce 641 million items per year, was launched in June 2015.
 Alabuga-Fiber — a carbon fibres manufacturer. The opening ceremony was on 15 May 2015.
 Hayat Kimya — a sanitary hygienic paper manufacturer (toilet paper towels, napkins and tissues). Projected capacity is 65 thousand tons of products per year. The production was launched in March 2015.
 Interskol-Alabuga — a manufacturer of power tools and small mechanisation tools. The company was launched in October 2014. The projected capacity of the existing manufacturing line - 1,25 million pieces of equipment per year. 2nd and 3rd stages are under construction. That will increase production to up to 5 million pieces of equipment per year.
 Kastamonu Integrated Wood Industry — a subsidiary of a Turkish manufacturer MDF, producing melamine coated and uncoated medium-density fibreboards, flooring and furniture panels. The enterprise’s projected capacity is 457 thousand sqm per year. It was officially opened in September 2014.
 Coşkunöz Alabuga — a plant of a Turkish company . It produces car metal body parts for Ford Sollers holding Ltd. The company opened on August 29, 2014.
 RMA-Rus — a steel ball valves production. The enterprise was launched in May 2014. Projected capacity is 11 thousand units of products per year.
 Saria Bio-Industries Volga — a production of technical and feeding fat, bone meal from animal waste. The company belongs to German SARIA Bio-Industries. The company has operated since September 2013.
 Vertical-Alabuga — concrete and reinforced concrete production. The capacity is up to 94 thousand m3 per year. The company has operated since 2013.
 Belaya Dacha Alabuga — salads and vegetable products processing plant. Capacity is 12 thousand tons of products per year. The launch of production was held on August 29, 2012.
 Rockwool-Volga — a subsidiary of Rockwool International, a Danish manufacturer of mineral wool. The factory was launched in April 2012 and became one of Europe's largest enterprises producing wool heat insulating products.
 Ford Sollers Elabuga — car and engines production, a joint venture of Ford and Sollers companies. The projected capacity — 85 thousand cars and 185 thousand engines per year. The automotive plant began to work in January 2012. Engine plant was put into operation on September 3, 2015.
 Air Liquide Alabuga — a subsidiary of Air Liquide; industrial gas production. The first stage of the enterprise (air-distribution installation for the needs of P-D Tatneft-Alabuga Fiberglass) was put into operation July 2010, the second — in May 2012. In August 2014 a complex producing the hydrogen-nitric mixture for the plant "Trakya Glass Rus" was launched.
 P-D Tatneft-Alabuga Fiberglass — a company which manufactures fiberglass and products on its basis. The first stage the production was launched in November 2009. Projected capacity — 21 thousand tons of ready products per year.
 Polimatiz — an enterprise manufacturing nonwoven fabric on the basis of polypropylene. Production capacity is more than 17 thousand tons of ready product per year. The production was launched in July 2009.

Prospects

In December 2016, Alabuga reached a principal agreement on cooperation with the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), one of the first and most successful free economic zones in China. Among prospects were: attracting more than 60 resident companies from China to the Tatarstan special economic zone; making TEDA the Alabuga shareholders through selling them one part of the additional emission of JSC "SEZ IPT Alabuga" shares, planned for 2018-2019; creating a joint venture — the audit-consulting firm PriceWaterhouseCoopers was engaged in the development of this project.

At the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum in 2017, the Republic of Tatarstan and Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation signed an agreement to build a plant in Alabuga to produce polyacrylonitrile fiber, the main raw material for the production of carbon fiber. The construction is planned for 2017-2020. When it reaches the projected capacity the enterprise will provide 700 jobs. It is planned that the plant will become a key investment project of an interregional composite industrial cluster that will unite the branch capacities of the Republic of Tatarstan, Moscow and Saratov regions into a single technological cycle for the production of composite materials.

Awards

Since 2012, "Alabuga" has been included in the ratings of the best free economic zones fDi Intelligence — The Financial Times business unit. In the 2012-2013 rating, "Alabuga" was ranked #40. In 2014, it was awarded an honourable mention in the regional category (Europe). In the global ratings of 2015, 2016 and 2017, "Alabuga" was named the best special economic zone in Europe for large business. In 2016 and 2017, it also received an honourable mention in the global ranking of the SEZ for large companies.

“Alabuga” also received Russian industry awards: in particular, at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum in 2015, the special economic zone was granted the Vnesheconombank's Development Prize as the "Best Project of Complex Territory Development”.

References

Further reading

External links

Tatarstan
Special Economic Zones of Russia


The International Harvester IDI (from Indirect Injection) engine is a four-stroke diesel V8 engine used in International Harvester school buses, trucks, Ford F-Series pickups, and Ford E-Series vans from the 1983 to 1994 model years. The engine was built in two displacements: , which was used in Ford trucks from 1983 until 1987, and , which was used in Ford trucks from 1988 until 1994 (naturally aspirated) and in 1993 and 1994 (turbocharged).

During 1994 production, the IDI engine was replaced by the Navistar T444E engine, sharing only the displacement with the IDI.  The T444E was the first engine marketed under the Ford Power Stroke name.

History
In 1981 Ford signed an agreement with International Harvester to produce diesel engines for their light truck line. This led directly to the production of the 6.9-liter IDI diesel. The engine is developed as a low cost, light weight diesel that fit where a V8 gas engine would, to try to convert their gas engine customers to diesel and to sell to Ford for use in F-Series light duty trucks and E-Series/Econoline vans. Before it could be sold to Ford however, Tenneco Inc. purchased in the "Harvester" division of International Harvester which was moved within their Case heavy equipment line. The remainder of what was International Harvester was renamed Navistar, which concentrated on engine and medium/heavy truck development. Consequently, these are actually International-Navistar IDI engines.

6.9 L
Introduced for the 1983 model year, the 6.9 L diesel was the first to be offered in Ford light-duty pickups, available in the F-250 HD and F-350. Although GM pickups already had offered a diesel engine in the C10 starting in 1978 (5.7 L Oldsmobile), and across the range in 1982 (6.2 L Detroit), those engines were intended for efficiency over power. The 6.9 L loosely replaced the  gas V8 that was offered between 1977 and 1982 and was billed as a fuel efficient alternative to the  V8 Windsor gasoline engine. Falling between the base  Inline-6 and top-of-the line  gas V8, the 6.9 L engine was naturally aspirated and put out  at 3,300 RPM and  at 1,400 RPM.

7.3 L
For 1986, a larger 7.3 L version of the IDI was introduced. This engine features numerous improvements over the 6.9, with most of the changes located in the heads; the block received an increased bore and select-fit pistons, while the heads received an enlarged prechamber, enlarged valve stem shields, harder valves, and other minor upgrades. The front cover was revised to reduce seepage.

The first 7.3 L engines were available as an option for International S-series trucks & school buses. For 1988, it became the sole available IDI engine and was now offered in Ford trucks.

For 1993, Ford made available a turbocharged variant of the 7.3 L featuring an internally wastegated AR.82 Garrett T3 series turbo. The system was tuned to minimize performance loss at high elevation, rather than to improve peak performance. A primary limiting factor to the performance potential of the engine is a highly restrictive stock down-pipe.  It is commonly believed, but not officially verified, that this is deliberate and due to Ford's impending release of the T444E (Powerstroke) engine. Factory turbo vehicles received numerous additional improvements. Pistons had an enlarged primary compression ring, added intermediate ring, an enlarged ring land and wrist pin, as well as an anodized piston face. Other improvements included tweaks to the injection pump, and an upgraded oil-coolant heat exchanger.

Fuel system
These engines use an injection pump that is entirely mechanical, as was the standard for diesels of the day. The fuel system also utilizes indirect injection which made it quieter than mechanically direct injected engines. Both displacements use the Stanadyne DB-2 injection pump fed by a cam-driven lift pump.

References

Brewer, Tom (October 23, 2008). "Know your IDI History, Ford Diesel - 101", http://www.moddedraptor.com/, Retrieved from http://www.moddedraptor.com/community/off-topic/2805-know-your-idi-history-ford-diesel-101-a.html
http://www.thedieselfiles.com
http://www.thedieselfiles.com/Ford/69lupdatepart4.pdf
http://www.dieselpowermag.com/tech/ford/0810dp_ford_diesel_truck/

Navistar engines
V8 engines
Diesel engines by model


Brooks House may refer to:

Brooks-Hughes House, Phenix City, Alabama
Brooks House (Searcy, Arkansas)
Paul Brooks House, Safford, Arizona, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
Jonathan Warner House, Chester, Connecticut, also known as Warner-Brooks House
Brooks House (Middlesboro, Kentucky), listed on the NRHP
Solomon Neill Brooks House, Shepherdsville, Kentucky
Luther Brooks House, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Daniel Brooks House, Lincoln, Massachusetts
Jonathan Brooks House, Medford, Massachusetts
Shepherd Brooks Estate, Medford, Massachusetts
Charles Brooks House, Medford, Massachusetts
Francis Brooks House, Reading, Massachusetts
James H. Brooks House, Somerville, Massachusetts
John Brooks House, Worcester, Massachusetts
Harold C. Brooks House, Marshall, Michigan, listed on the NRHP
Wright-Brooks House, Marshall, Michigan, listed on the NRHP
Brooks Farm, Troy, Michigan
Eastcliff (mansion), St. Paul, Minnesota, also known as the Edward and Markell Brooks House
Samuel Brooks House (Cornwall, New York)
Samuel Brooks House (Massachusetts), Concord, Massachusetts
James Brooks House (Dayton, Ohio)
J. Wesley Brooks House, Greenwood, South Carolina
Brooks Brothers Home, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, listed on the NRHP
Dr. Beauregard Martin Brooks House, Bath Springs, Tennessee
R.M. Brooks General Store and Residence, Rugby, Tennessee, listed on the NRHP
Rueben Brooks Farmstead, Elizabethton, Tennessee, listed on the NRHP
Wilks Brooks House, Memphis, Tennessee
William and Blanche Brooks House, Forney, Texas, listed on the NRHP
Jennie Brooks House, Bastrop, Texas, listed on the NRHP
Brooks-Wilbarger House, Bastrop, Texas, listed on the NRHP
Samuel Wallace Brooks House, Brownsville, Texas, listed on the NRHP
Brooks-Brown House, Dickinson, Virginia
Brooks House (Brattleboro, Vermont)
Kenneth and Edna Brooks House, Spokane, Washington, listed on the NRHP
Brooks Mansion, Washington, D.C.

See also
James Brooks House (disambiguation)
Samuel Brooks House (disambiguation)
Brook House (disambiguation)
Brook Farm (disambiguation)


Robin Bailey (1919–1999) was an English actor.

Robin Bailey may also refer to:
Robin Wayne Bailey (born 1952), American writer

See also
Robin Bailie (born 1937), Northern Irish solicitor and former politician


The Sloat House is located at the corner of NY 17 and Sterling Avenue in Sloatsburg, New York, United States. It is a stone house, dating to the mid-18th century, with a frame front addition built in the 1810s.

It was the home for many years of members of the Sloat family, for whom the village is named. George Washington visited it during the Revolutionary War, and John D. Sloat, later the first American Military Governor of California, was born here. It also served as a meeting place for local politicians and officials during the Revolution and some decades afterward. In 1974 it became the first property in the village listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Building

The house has two blocks, built at different times. The older rear section, the kitchen wing, is one-and-a-half stories high and . It is faced in clapboard, except for the north wall which is rough stone. It has two original Dutch doors, with their hinges. There is also an enclosed porch.

The  main wing is two and a half stories, faced in stone with a brick front, both painted white. It has a porch running the full length of all five front bays. The main entrance leads into a ground floor with four large rooms, each with its own original fireplace and wooden mantel. The six chimneys in both wings pierce gabled roofs shingled in asphalt. The house has a full cellar as well.

Three outbuildings remain on the property: a small barn, a large stable and a wellhouse. All three are remnants of the farming operations, and are considered contributing resources to the Register listing.

History

There may have been a house on the site in the late 1730s, when Isaac Van Deursen became the first European settler in the upper Ramapo River valley. The current wing may actually have been this house or part of it, since it is very primitive.

Traditionally, histories of the area have dated the house's original wing to 1755, when Stephen Sloat received the land as a wedding gift from his father-in-law. An early frame front was probably on the front of the house through the Revolution, which affected both the house and the Sloat family.

In 1774, a local meeting at the house, the General Meeting of Committees of Orange County, chose two delegates, Henry Wisner and John Haring, to the Provincial Convention of the First Continental Congress. George Washington had his headquarters at the house on June 6, 1779, and likely made other visits during the Revolutionary War.

Tragedy struck the Sloats in 1781 when their son John, a captain in the local militia, was accidentally shot and killed in the doorway by one of the sentries his father had hired. The marks left in the doorway by the shots remain. The infant son Sloat left behind grew up to be John D. Sloat, a celebrated U.S. Navy commodore and the first governor of California.

Isaac Sloat, John's brother, later built the front of the house around 1813–14. He ran it as a public house, also hosting annual meetings of town supervisors and judges from Orange and Rockland counties through 1821. His son Stephen ran the house as an inn along the Orange Turnpike, renowned for its food but serving no alcoholic beverages. At this point the large barn was also built. Stephen's brother Jacob developed a mill along the creek and later built his own house in the village.

In 1905 the Sloat descendants sold the house to Benjamin Moffatt Jr., an English immigrant who later became president of the nearby Sterling iron works. It remained in the Moffatt family throughout the 20th century and is still a private residence.

See also

 List of Washington's Headquarters during the Revolutionary War
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Rockland County, New York

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Houses completed in 1755
Houses in Rockland County, New York
Ramapos
National Register of Historic Places in Rockland County, New York


Steven Bailey may refer to:

 Steve Bailey (born 1960), American musician
 Steve Bailey (baseball) (born 1942), American baseball player
 Steven Bailey (zoologist), zoologist published under the ICZN
 Steven John Bailey, real name of Steven Severin (born 1955), English musician
 Steven W. Bailey (born 1971), American actor


Gary Scalese was an American rock musician and the lead guitarist on the Iron City Houserockers first album, Love's So Tough.  He is credited on Joe Grushecky's Myspace page as "Gary Scalese (R.I.P.)". He died of natural causes at the age of 38 on Friday, August 24, 1990 in St. Petersburg, Florida.  He is also credited on two compilation albums, Pumping Iron & Sweating Steel: The Best of the Iron City Houserockers and Outtakes And Demos 1975–2003 for work done during the 1975–1979 period.

1990 deaths
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
Year of birth missing


The Bubye River, also known as Bubi River, is a tributary of the Limpopo River in Beitbridge District and Gwanda District, Zimbabwe. It rises about  to the northeast of West Nicholson in Matabeleland South, from where it flows southeast before joining the Limpopo about  west of the border with Mozambique. Its course forms part of the border between Mberengwa and Mwenezi districts.

Tigerfish occur naturally in this river.

Dams
Formerly there were no major dams on the river.
The Bubi-Lupane Dam was built in 2010 in order to supply water to Lupane District.

References

External links
IDBZ - Water

Beitbridge District
Gwanda District
Geography of Matabeleland South Province
Tributaries of the Limpopo River
Rivers of Zimbabwe


Chris Matthews (born 1945) is an American talk-show host.

Chris Matthews or Christopher Matthews may also refer to:

 Chris Matthews (gridiron football) (born 1989), American football wide receiver
 Chris Matthews (cricketer) (born 1962), Australian cricketer
 Chris Matthews (musician), New Zealand rock musician
 Chris Matthews, American businessman, former Chairman of Hay Group
 Chris Matthews (Australian musician), Australian country musician
 Christopher Matthews (businessman) (1950–2004), British businessman

See also
Christopher Matthew (born 1939), British writer and broadcaster


Gray House may refer to:

Arts
The Gray House, a novel by Armenian Russian writer Mariam Petrosyan

Places in the United States
Alabama
Rev. John H. Gray House, Eutaw

Arkansas
Gray House (Crosby, Arkansas)
Gray-Kincaid House, Crosby
Walter Gray House, Melrose
Louis Gray Homestead, Barn, Plainview
Rufus Gray House, Pangburn

Colorado
Garret and Julia Gray Cottage, Salida, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Chaffee County, Colorado

Georgia
Blackford-Gray House, Graysville, listed on the NRHP in Catoosa County, Georgia

Idaho
John P. and Stella Gray House, Coeur d'Alene

Illinois
William W. Gray House, Grayville

Kentucky
 Gray House (Shelbyville, Kentucky), listed on the NRHP in Shelby County, Kentucky

Maryland
Gray Gables (Darlington, Maryland)

Maine
Old Gray House, Boothbay

Massachusetts
David Gray House, Andover
Capt. Thomas Gray House, Barnstable
Asa Gray House Cambridge

Missouri
William Gray House, La Grange

Nevada
Joseph H. Gray House, Reno

New Jersey
De Gray House, Franklin Lakes

New York
Gray-Jewett House, Amsterdam
E. L. Gray House, Saranac Lake, in town of Harrietstown

North Carolina
Gray-Brownlow-Wilcox House, Brinkleyville
Bowman Gray House, known also as Rock House (Roaring Gap, North Carolina)
Gray Gables (Winton, North Carolina)

Ohio
Gray-Coulton House, Mentor, Ohio, listed on the NRHP in Lake County, Ohio
Adams-Gray House, Trinway, Ohio

Oregon
Capt. J. H. D. Gray House, Astoria, listed on the NRHP in Clatsop County, Oregon
Sprague-Marshall-Bowie House, Portland, also known as the G.T. Gray House

Pennsylvania
Gray-Taylor House, Brookville
Whitefield House and Gray Cottage, Nazareth
John Gray House (Port Matilda, Pennsylvania)

Tennessee
Benajah Gray Log House, Antioch
Henry P. Gray House, Franklin
Isaac Gray House, Winchester, listed on the NRHP in Franklin County, Tennessee

Texas
Gray Rental Houses, Belton, listed on the NRHP in Bell County, Texas

Utah
Levins D. Gray House, Park City

Virginia
Harry W. Gray House, Arlington

Washington
Dr. Paschal and Agnes Gray House, Ellensburg, listed on the NRHP in Kittitas County, Washington

See also
Grey House (disambiguation)


Błotko  () is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Villages in Koszalin County


Boboliczki  (German Neu Bublitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north of Bobolice,  south-east of Koszalin, and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 120.

References

Boboliczki


Bożniewice  (German Hufenberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Bobolice,  south-east of Koszalin, and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 190.

References

Villages in Koszalin County


Buszynko Drugie  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Bobolice,  south-east of Koszalin, and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Buszynko Drugie


Buszynko Pierwsze  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Bobolice,  south-east of Koszalin, and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Buszynko Pierwsze


Chlebowo  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 80.

References

Chlebowo


Chmielno  (German Hopfenberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Bobolice,  south-east of Koszalin, and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 160.

References

Chmielno


Chociwle  (German Friedrichsfelde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

The village has a population of 190.

References

Chociwle


Cybulino may refer to the following places in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland:

Cybulino, Koszalin County
Cybulino, Szczecinek County


Cybulino  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north of Bobolice (Bublitz),  south-east of Koszalin  (Köslin), and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin (Stettin).

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 250.

Notable residents
 Ewald Christian von Kleist (1715–1759), German poet

References

Cybulino


Dargiń  (German Dargen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Bobolice,  south-east of Koszalin, and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 210.

References

Villages in Koszalin County


Darginek  () is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Darginek


James House may refer to:

 James House (singer) (born 1955), country music artist
 James House (album)

United States
(by state, then city/town)

 Randolph James House, El Dorado, Arkansas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
 James House (Rogers, Arkansas), NRHP-listed
 James House (D. L. James House), Carmel Highlands, California; Charles Sumner Greene 1918
 Dr. James House, Searcy, Arkansas, NRHP-listed
 James House (Pensacola, Florida), NRHP-listed
 C. N. James Cabin, Augusta, Kansas, NRHP-listed
 T.L. James House, Ruston, Louisiana, listed on the NRHP in Lincoln Parish
 Capt. Benjamin James House, Scituate, Massachusetts, NRHP-listed
 Joseph K. James House, Somerville, Massachusetts, NRHP-listed
 Jesse James House, St. Joseph, Missouri, NRHP-listed
 Benjamin James House, Hampton, New Hampshire, NRHP-listed
 Charles Worth James House, Logan, Ohio, listed on the NRHP in Hocking County
 W. Leland James House, Portland, Oregon, listed on the NRHP in Multnomah County
 Morgan James Homestead, New Britain, Pennsylvania, NRHP-listed
 William Apollos James House, Bishopville, South Carolina, NRHP-listed
 Louie James House, Greer, South Carolina, NRHP-listed
 James House (Belton, Texas), listed on the NRHP in Bell County
 John P. and Sarah James House, Paradise, Utah, listed on the NRHP in Cache County
 Francis Wilcox James House, Port Townsend, Washington, listed on the NRHP in Jefferson County
 Samuel D. James House, Waukesha, Wisconsin, listed on the NRHP in Waukesha County


Darżewo  (German Darsow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Bobolice,  south-east of Koszalin, and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Villages in Koszalin County


Dobrociechy  (German Dubbertech) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 260.

References

Dobrociechy


Drzewiany  (German Drawehn) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Bobolice,  south-east of Koszalin, and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 340.

References

Drzewiany