Raja Sir Savalai Ramaswami Mudaliar  (1840–1911) was an Indian merchant, dubash, politician and philanthropist who was known for his wealth. He was also one of the early leaders of the Indian National Congress.

Early life

Ramaswami Mudaliar was born in 1840 to a building contractor in a Sengunthar family from Pondicherry. His father had been declared insolvent and moved to Madras in order to escape creditors.

Ramaswami Mudaliar joined Dymes and Co. and soon rose to become its dubash, amassing a huge fortune.

Philanthropy

Mudaliar was known for his philanthropic activities in the Madras Presidency. He established various choultries  in memory of his first wife, Ranee Thyal Nayagi Ammal, as well as hospitals in Madras, Royapuram, Thirukazhgukundram, Cuddalore, and Kanchipuram. He built a child-care hospital in Cuddalore which is presently being maintained by the municipality.

In 1884, Mudaliar started a choultry near Chennai Central railway station. This Choultry survived till the 1960s, later taken over by AG &OT of Madras High Court. The charities remain active. The Women and Children hospital at Kozhikode was established in 1903 by Raja Sir Ramaswamy Mudaliar, in memory of Queen Victoria, and was handed over to the Government on 22 September 1903.

In 1902, Mudaliar was chosen to represent the city of Madras at the coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra scheduled for June that year.

The coronation was postponed when the king fell ill, and Mudaliar returned to India in July, missing the rescheduled coronation the following month.

Indian Independence Movement
Mudaliar was associated with the Indian National Union and was a part of its 1885 three-member delegation to England. He was also associated with the Indian National Congress in its early stages.

Mudaliar participated in the third session of the Indian National Congress held at Madras in 1887. He was a part of the welcoming committee. A resolution was moved demanding more representation for Indians in the administration. Mudaliar endorsed the resolution and spoke:

On the third day of the Madras session, Mudaliar moved an amendment suggesting that the question of establishing a Public Service Commission be postponed to the next session.
Mudaliar also participated in the fifth session of the Indian National Congress held in 1889. He participated in subsequent sessions of the Indian National Congress. In the 1894 Congress, he proposed Alfred Webb for the presidency of the Congress and he was duly elected.

Death

Mudaliar died in 1911 at the age of 71 and was buried at his private burial ground at Kilpauk Garden Road Kilpauk, Chennai. His statue was erected by his friends and is kept in the Choultry.

Legacy and honours

Ramaswami Mudaliar was made a Companion of the Order (C.I.E) of the Indian Empire on 6 June 1885. He was also awarded the title of "Rao Bahadur". In 1886, he became the 158th Sheriff of Madras, the first Indian to hold the post. He was knighted on 14 February 1887 in the Queen's Golden Jubilee Honours List. The title of Raja was conferred upon him as a personal distinction, i.e. it was not hereditary since he was a non-royal, by Her Most Gracious Majesty. It was conferred on 1 January 1891 at Fort William by the Marquess of Lansdowne, Viceroy and Governor General of India

Mudaliar's birthday is celebrated each year through a public function at his choultry opposite Central Railway station . The function is organised by Ramaswamy Mudaliar charities which are managed by AGOT of Madras High Court and Co-Trustee S.V.R.Ramprasad, great-grandson of Mudaliar.

Notes

References

1840 births
1911 deaths
Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire
Knights Bachelor
Indian Knights Bachelor
Indian merchants
Indian National Congress politicians from Puducherry
Businesspeople from Puducherry
Sheriffs of Madras
19th-century Indian politicians
19th-century Indian businesspeople
20th-century Indian businesspeople
20th-century Indian politicians
Puducherry politicians


John Williams (1626 or 1927 – 28 March 1673) was a Welsh nonconformist preacher and doctor.  He was said to be the first to introduce non-conformism to his home county of Caernarfonshire, and it was also said that he could be heard when he was preaching for a distance of a quarter of a mile.

Life
Williams was born on the Llŷn peninsula, in the parish of Llanbedrog, Caernarfonshire, north-west Wales.  His father (a member of the minor gentry) was William Jones, with Williams obtaining a patronymic surname according to Welsh practice at that time.  At the age of 20, in 1647, he matriculated at Jesus College, Oxford, and studied medicine.  Thereafter, his movements until 1662 are uncertain: whilst it is known that he was a Puritan and took up preaching, the possibility that he was the "John Williams" who was the vicar of Llanbeblig from 1651 cannot be verified on the surviving information. Historians, however, differ on whether Williams was a chaplain in the army during some of this period.

Williams figured in a history of the Methodist revival in Wales, published in 1820 and based upon oral testimony.  He was said to be the first preacher to introduce non-conformity to Caernarfonshire, and it was also said that he could be heard preaching for a distance of a quarter of a mile.  In 1662, he was arrested for his preaching in Caernarfonshire, leaving for London after his release, where he became the chaplain of a Puritan noble in Kent.  In the following year, he was accused of writing a treasonable letter (which spoke of the sufferings of the non-conformists and hoped that God would arm those fearing him, which was perhaps intended metaphorically rather than literally) and a warrant was issued in Caernarfonshire for his arrest.  He gave himself up to the authorities in London, and was acquitted after spending 10 weeks in prison.  He then returned to Caernarfonshire and worked as a physician, with his house being registered as a non-conformist meeting-house in 1672.  Henry Maurice rebuked him twice in 1672 for not preaching enough and "neglecting the work of the Lord", but Williams defended himself.  He died on 28 March 1673, and was buried in Llangian, with his tombstone referring in its Latin epigraph to his dual role as minister and doctor.

References

1620s births
1673 deaths
Welsh Protestant ministers and clergy
17th-century Welsh medical doctors
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
17th-century Christian clergy
People from Llanbedrog


Gryzow may refer to:
Gryzów, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
Gryżów, Opole Voivodeship, Poland


Archery competitions at the 1979 Pan American Games in San Juan were held from July 2 to 6 at the Archery Range in the University of Puerto Rico. Archery was included for the first time at the Pan American Games.

Venue
The competitions took place at the Archery Range located on the campus of the University of Puerto Rico.

Medal table

Medalists

Participating nations
A total of 11 countries qualified athletes.

See also
Archery at the 1980 Summer Olympics

References

 Sports 123

1979 Pan American Games
P
1979


Bahera is a town in the state of Bihar, India. It is covered under the district Darbhanga.

See also
 Railway stations in India
 Antour
 Ashapur

References

Villages in Darbhanga district


Scott Horton (born 1976) is an American radio host and author.

Career
Horton hosts Antiwar Radio for Pacifica Radio's KPFK 90.7 FM in Los Angeles, as well as the podcast The Scott Horton Show. Horton has conducted over 5,000 interviews since 2003. He is also the director of the Libertarian Institute.

Horton is the editorial director of the non-interventionist news portal Antiwar.com. He was previously the host of Say It Ain't So on Free Radio Austin 97.1 FM, the Weekend Interview Show and the KAOS Report on Radio KAOS 95.9 FM, for which he won The Austin Chronicles Best of Austin award in 2007 for "Best Iraq War Coverage".

Horton's book Fool's Errand: Time to End the War in Afghanistan (2017) is an account of the War in Afghanistan since 2001, which argues that the United States should end its presence in the country.  The American Conservative described the work as a "masterful account of America's prolonged Afghan engagement."

In 2019, Horton edited and published the collection of interviews The Great Ron Paul: The Scott Horton Show Interviews 2004–2019. In late 2019, Horton joined the Libertarian Party to support Jacob Hornberger’s presidential campaign.

In 2021, the Libertarian Institute published his book Enough Already: Time to End the War on Terrorism.

Personal life
Horton is married to investigative reporter Larisa Alexandrovna.

Works
 Fool's Errand: Time to End the War in Afghanistan (2017)
 The Great Ron Paul: The Scott Horton Show Interviews 2004–2019 (2019)
Enough Already: Time to End the War on Terrorism (2021)
 Hotter Than the Sun: Time to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (2022)

See also

 Libertarianism in the United States
 List of peace activists

References

External links
 Appearances on C-SPAN
 Official website
 Full interview archive
 Scott Horton articles for Antiwar.com
 Scott Horton archives at The Libertarian Institute

Living people
21st-century American journalists
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American anti-war activists
American foreign policy writers
American libertarians
American male journalists
American male non-fiction writers
American podcasters
American political journalists
American political writers
American radio journalists
California Libertarians
Journalists from California
Journalists from Texas
Non-interventionism
American opinion journalists
Texas Libertarians
1976 births


Grzeska may refer to:
Grześka, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
Grzęska, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland


Yassine is a unisex given name, an alternative of Yasin, Yassin, Yaseen and Yacine. The name is most common in North Africa. ) The name is derived from a chapter (surah) of the Quran called Ya-Sin. It is an epithet of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Notable persons

Given name
Yassine Abdellaoui (born 1975), Dutch–Moroccan footballer
Yassine Bensghir (born 1983), Moroccan middle-distance runner
Yassine Boukhari (born 1986), Algerian footballer
Yassine Chikhaoui (born 1986), Tunisian footballer
Yassine Diboun (born 1978), American ultra-runner
Yassine El Ghanassy (born 1990), Moroccan footballer

Surname
Abdesslam Yassine (born 1928), leader of a Moroccan Islamist organisation
Ismail Yassine (1912−1972), Egyptian actor and comedian
Nadia Yassine (born 1958), daughter of Abdesslam, head of the feminine branch of the same organisation

See also
Ahmed Yassin (born 1937), Palestinian imam and politician, founder of Hamas
Salle Ibn Yassine, indoor sporting arena in Rabat, Morocco
Yasin (name), disambiguation
Yassin (name), disambiguation
Yacine (name), disambiguation

References

Arabic-language surnames
Arabic-language masculine given names
Masculine given names


In integrated circuits, optical interconnects refers to any system of transmitting signals from one part of an integrated circuit to another using light. Optical interconnects have been the topic of study due to the high latency and power consumption incurred by conventional metal interconnects in transmitting electrical signals over long distances, such as in interconnects classed as global interconnects. The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) has highlighted interconnect scaling as a problem for the semiconductor industry.

In electrical interconnects, nonlinear signals (e.g. digital signals) are transmitted by copper wires conventionally, and these electrical wires all have resistance and capacitance which severely limits the rise time of signals when the dimension of the wires are scaled down. Optical solution are used to transmit signals through long distances to substitute interconnection between dies within the integrated circuit (IC) package.

In order to control the optical signals inside the small IC package properly, microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology can be used to integrate the optical components (i.e. optical waveguides, optical fibers, lens, mirrors, optical actuators, optical sensors etc.) and the electronic parts together effectively.

Problems of the current interconnect in the package

Conventional physical metal wires possess both resistance and capacitance, limiting the rise time of signals. Bits of information will overlap with each other when the frequency of signal is increased to a certain level.

Benefits of using optical interconnection
Optical interconnections can provide benefits over conventional metal wires which include:
	More predictable timing
	Reduction of power and area for clock distribution
	Distance independence of performance of optical interconnects
	No frequency-dependent Cross-talk
	Architectural advantages
	Reducing power dissipation in interconnects
	Voltage isolation
	Density of interconnects
	Reducing the wiring layers
	Chips could be tested in a non-contact optical test set
	Benefits of short optical pulses

Challenges for optical interconnect
However, there are still many technical challenges in implementing dense optical interconnects to silicon CMOS chips. These challenges are listed as below:
	Receiver circuits and low-capacitance integration of photodetectors
	Evolutionary improvement in optoelectronic devices
	Absence of appropriate practical optomechanical technology
	Integration technologies
       Polarization control
       Temperature dependencies and process variation
       Losses and errors
       Testability
       Packaging

See also
 Organic light-emitting transistor
 Silicon photonics

References

Integrated circuits


Konaté or Konate is a West-African patronymic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abdoulaye Konaté (born 1953), Malian artist
Ben Konaté (born 1986), Ivorian-born Equatoguinean football player
Cheick Oumar Konaté
Djibril Konaté (born 1980), Malian football player
Famoudou Konaté, Malinké drummer from Guinea
Hamadou Konaté, Malian politician
Ibrahima Konaté, French football player
Kadiatou Konaté, Malian director and screenwriter
Karim Konaté
Losseni Konaté (born 1972), Ivorian football player
Madiou Konate (born 1982), Senegalese football player
Mamadou Konaté (1897–1956), Malian politician
Mamadou Konate (footballer) (born 1985), Ivorian football player
Moussa Konaté (born 1951–2013), Malian writer
Moussa Konaté (kickboxer), French Muay Thai kickboxer
Naré Maghann Konaté (died 1218), 12th-century king of the Mandinka people, in what is today Mali
Pape Moussa Konaté (born 1993), Senegalese football player
 Pa Konate, Swedish Football player of Senegalese descent
Sagaba Konate (born 1997), Malian basketball player
Sékouba Konaté (born 1964), officer of the Guinean army, formerly Vice President of its military junta
Souleimane Konate (born 1984), French heavyweight kickboxer and martial artist
Tiémoko Konaté (born 1990), Ivorian football player
Yacouba Konaté (born 1953), Ivorian curator, writer, art critic, and professor

See also
Konaty
Kownatka
Kownaty (disambiguation)

Surnames of African origin
Soninke-language surnames
Patronymic surnames


Jamie Murphy may refer to:

 Jamie Murphy (footballer, born 1971), English football striker
 Jamie Murphy (footballer, born 1973), English footballer
 Jamie Murphy (footballer, born 1989), Scottish footballer
 Jamie Murphy (rugby) (born 1989), Welsh rugby league player
 Jamie Murphy (Space guitarist) (born 1975), English musician
 Jamie Murphy (curler) (born 1981), Canadian curler

See also
 James Murphy (disambiguation)


Rahma most commonly refers to an Arabic name, which may refer to:

Al-Rahma mosque, on Hatherley Street, Liverpool, England
Malak al-Rahma, a classic 1946 Egyptian film directed and written by Youssef Wahbi

People
Anas Abu Rahma, Palestinian children's author
Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur, Sudanese 19th century slave trader and politician
Kareem Rahma, American media figure
Rahma Ali, Pakistani singer
Rahma bint Hassan, Jordanian princess
Rahma el-Dennaoui, Australian girl who was abducted
Rahma El Siddig Mustafa, Sudanese disability rights activist
Rahmah el Yunusiyah, Indonesian educational activist and nationalist leader
Rahma Ghars, Tunisian footballer
Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami, early modern Arab pirate and commander
Rahma Hassan, Egyptian actress
Rahma Haruna, Nigerian photo subject
Rahma Riad, Iraqi singer
Rahma Tusa, Ethiopian long-distance runner

Religion
God's mercy in Islam
Rahma (Mandaeism), a Mandaic word referring to Mandaean devotional prayers

See also

Rahman (name)


Quentin Dick Kedzlie (22 March 1861 – 3 May 1920) was a Scottish-born international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Cardiff and international rugby for Wales. In his later life he became the chairman of the South Wales Baseball Association.

Rugby career
Kedzlie played for Canton RFC and Roath Windsor (Cardiff) before joining Cardiff. He represented Cardiff for seven seasons during 1881 to 1892. He played in three notable games during his career with Cardiff, two at international level and one for his club.

On 4 February 1888, Kedzlie was selected to represent Wales in the opening game of the Home Nations Championship, played at Rodney Parade against Scotland. Kedzlie was one of five new caps brought into the Welsh pack for the game, which was captained by Newport's Tom Clapp. Wales won the game through a single try, from London Welsh back Tom Pryce-Jenkins. Kedzlie was reselected for the second and last game of the 1888 Championship, travelling to Lansdowne Road, Dublin to face Ireland. The selectors kept faith in the forwards, fielding an unchanged pack for the first time in Welsh rugby history. Wales lost the game and Kedzlie did not represent the country again.

Although his international career was now over, Kedzlie played his part in another landmark game, when he was chosen to play for Cardiff against the touring New Zealand Natives. Although having lost to Llanelli and Wales, the Māori team had been able to defeat both Swansea and Newport over the past five days. After an early try from Norman Biggs, Cardiff won the forward battle on a slow and wet pitch, winning the game by a goal.

Kedzlie's brothers Alexander and James also played for Canton RFC.
His great nephew Bill Kedzlie kept up the family tradition by playing rugby for the RAF.

International matches played
Wales
  1888
  1888

References

Sources

1861 births
1920 deaths
Wales international rugby union players
Welsh rugby union players
Scottish rugby union players
Rugby union forwards
Rugby union players from Glasgow
Cardiff RFC players
Canton RFC players


Lealman innovation academy is a school in Lealman, Florida, in the United States.  It is part of the Pinellas County Schools district and is located just west of the St. Petersburg city limits.  Lealman Intermediate School was founded in 2005 and replaced the 28th Street Drive-In Theater in Lealman.

Specialized learning
The school is located in one of the poorest areas of Pinellas County, and as of 2006, had over 100 registered sex offenders living within a mile of the school, the most in the district.

It was created to help students that have low FCAT scores or grades to achieve more in education. It has specialized help that is different from normal schools, in that the classes contain only 18 students. This is designed to help students concentrate more on learning than on other people in the class.

Grades
Lealman Intermediate currently provides education for grades 5, 6, 7, 8 and 8.5. 8.5th grade was added in the school year 2007–2008.  It is a mixture of 8th and 9th grade which helps students who failed 8th grade, or any other grade, get back on track. In the first half of the school year students repeat 8th grade. Then, they are required to take an exam. Those who pass the exam move to 9th grade for the rest of the year. Students who fail continue to take 8th grade.

Periods
Lealman Intermediate School has eight periods a day. Class lengths are extended compared to a normal school to provide more time to specialise in core subjects such as Mathematics and Reading.  6th, 7th, and 8th grade follow an A day and B day plan. Students are rather assigned a science class or a Social Science/Geography class during one of these days. The plan alternates every day.
At the start of the 2019 school year, at the direction of the Pinellas County school board, this method was changed and became a more intensive four period day, for a longer class time, related daily. This enables students to earn the credit in that subject in just half a school year. This methodology is still in the testing stage.

Enrichment
Lealman Intermediate has electives renamed as PE, art, Microsoft, culinary education, basic construction, and building and health. During the 2008–2009 school year, Personal Development and Dance enrichments were removed and replaced by another stage of PE. Normally depending on what grade they are in, students tend to take all of these enrichments in one year or take half of them one grade and half of them the next grade. The enrichments are divided into six- and twelve-week periods.

References

External links
 Lealman Intermediate School
 School Bus Racial Beating

Public middle schools in Florida
Education in St. Petersburg, Florida
Schools in Pinellas County, Florida


Darya Alekseyevna Melnikova () is a Russian actress in theater, film and television.

Biography
Darya Melnikova was born in Omsk, Russia.
She learned to play the piano at a music school and was involved in ballet.

In 2009 from Melnikova was admitted to the M.S. Schepkin Higher Theatre School (Institute).

Since 2013, the actress has been with the Moscow Yermolova Theatre.

Career
In 2006 Melnikova debuted. She played the main role in the film Cinderella 4×4. Everything starts with desire. It was released in 2008. Her performance in this film earned her two nominations. The aspiring actress played 14-year-old Cinderella — an ordinary teen who is a little bit strange, dreamy and always gets into strange and unusual situations. For this role Melnikova was awarded the prize for the Best Female child role at the XVII Open Film Festival of CIS countries "Kinoshock - 2008" and Best Actress in a children’s movie at XII All-Russian Festival of Visual Arts.

But the real fame came to the actress in 2007. She played the role of Eugenia "Zhenya" Vasnetsova, the most athletic of the daughters, in the TV series Daddy's Daughters.

In 2009, Darya starred in the film Ash Waltz and in two series: The rules of theft and That's Life. In the same year she entered Shchukin Theater School in Moscow.

Melnikova has become the face of L’Oréal. The actress starred in a L’Oréal Paris Pure Zone commercial.

Darya enjoys photography and she is going to release the book of her stories and photos titled Pictures to attract attention.

Personal life
Melnikova had a son on October 26, 2015 with her husband, Artur Smolyaninov. On June 6, 2021, the actress announced her divorce from Artur Smolyaninov.

Filmography

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
Actors from Omsk
Russian child actresses
Russian television actresses
Russian film actresses
Russian stage actresses
21st-century Russian actresses
Russian voice actresses


This list includes properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Rowan County, North Carolina. Click the "Map of all coordinates" link to the right to view an online map of all properties and districts with latitude and longitude coordinates in the table below.

Current listings

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Former listing

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See also

National Register of Historic Places listings in North Carolina
List of National Historic Landmarks in North Carolina

References

Rowan County


James M. Wells III is an American banker.

Early life
James M. Wells III was born circa 1948. He graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Career
Wells joined United Virginia Bank. in 1976. United Virginia eventually became Crestar, then SunTrust, where he worked his way up to CEO. He was replaced by William H. Rogers Jr., on June 1, 2011.

Wells served as a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, the Financial Services Roundtable, Visa U.S.A. Inc., the Crestar Financial Corporation, and the Crestar Bank, acquired by SunTrust Banks in 1998.

Wells is a trustee of the Georgia Research Alliance. Since November 2010, he has been director of Operation HOPE Inc.

References

Living people
1940s births
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
Businesspeople from Atlanta
American bankers
Georgia (U.S. state) Republicans
American chief executives of financial services companies
SunTrust Banks people


Spencer Frederick James (born 15 April 1953) is an English singer and musician. He has been the lead singer of veteran pop band The Searchers since 1986. James was also a member of the one-hit wonder band The First Class that scored a No. 4 hit with the song "Beach Baby".

Early life
James grew up in Hayes, Middlesex. Working for Marshall's Music Group, he developed an interest in guitars and began playing and singing in local bands. James improved his stage craft while deputising in the band White Plains. He then moved on to form a band named Duke.

Career

The First Class

The First Class was initially a studio creation featuring the voice of Tony Burrows. The success of the song "Beach Baby" (#4 in the US) led to demand for live appearances. A group, including Spencer James, was assembled to perform a number of dates as The First Class.

In 1983, The First Class recorded the single "Gimme Little Sign" with Spencer James on vocals. The single had some success in the Netherlands.

Nightfly

Formed in 1985 (originally under the name Heyday), Nightfly was a supergroup consisting of Spencer James on lead vocals, Zak Starkey on drums, Boz Burrell (ex-Bad Company) on bass, Micky Moody (ex-Whitesnake) on guitar and Mickey Simmonds on keyboards. Nightfly toured in early 1985 but broke up soon after.

James went on to form the Spencer James Band which enjoyed considerable success around the pub circuit of West London. At one gig at Brentford's Red Lion they shared the bill with The Searchers.

The Searchers

In December 1985 long-time lead singer of The Searchers, Mike Pender, announced that he was leaving the group. Founding member John McNally recalled Spencer James from the Brentford gig and he was recruited as the new lead singer. His mastery of the synthesizer guitar also added authentic strings and keyboard sounds to The Searchers stage performances, emulating their original studio recordings.

For more than twenty years, James has completed extensive national and international tours with The Searchers. He has also contributed to the album Hungry Hearts and a number of live recordings of the band (see Discography).

Discography

With The First Class

Studio albums

Singles

Solo
Despite his hectic schedule with The Searchers, James has found time to record a number of solo albums in his home studio (SJO Music), many of the songs written himself. He also records and produces other acts.
 Days Gone By (1987)
Tides of Time
Love Remains
Breathe In, Breathe Out (2004)
The Age of Reason (2011)
Hope For Me Yet (2012)
Chapter & Verse (2016)
Time For Letting Go (2018)

With The Searchers

Albums

Videography

References

External links

The Searchers website
The Searchers discography including James's releases

English pop guitarists
English male guitarists
English pop singers
English male songwriters
Living people
People from Hayes, Hillingdon
1953 births
The Searchers (band) members


is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Yukari Ichijo. It is serialized in Shueisha's Bessatsu Margaret. Yūkan Club received the 1986 Kodansha Manga Award for the shōjo category. The manga was adapted into an original video animation by Madhouse Studios. It was also adapted into a Japanese television drama.

Media

Manga
Yūkan Club was written and illustrated by Yukari Ichijo. Shueisha released the 19 bound volumes of the manga between December 13, 1982 and November 15, 2002. Shueisha re-released the manga into 10 kanzenban volumes between May 18, 2000 and April 18, 2002. Shueisha re-released the manga a second time into 9 kanzenban volumes. The third revision of the manga was called . The first three kanzenban volumes were released simultaneously on October 15, 2007. The next three kanzenban volumes were released on November 15, 2007. The final three kanzenban volumes were released on December 14, 2007. The manga is licensed in Indonesia by Elex Media Komputindo.

OVAs
The manga was adapted into an original video animation. The first OVA's ending theme was "Shake Dance" by Toy Boys, while "Rainy Dance", also by Toy Boys, was the second OVA's ending theme. The first OVA was released on a VHS on July 25, 1991. The second OVA premiered on December 14, 1991 as a film, in Toho cinemas. The second OVA was released on April 25, 1992. Both of the VHSs were released by Madhouse Studios.

TV Drama
Directed by Oya Taro, the drama's 10 episodes were broadcast on Nippon Television between October 16, 2007 and December 18, 2007. On April 23, 2008, VAP released a DVD Box set containing five DVDs, spanning the 10 episodes of the drama. The theme song of the series is "Keep The Faith" by KAT-TUN. It was voted the fifth best selling single listed on the Oricon charts in 2007.

Main Casts:
Akanishi Jin as Shochikubai Miroku
Yokoyama Yu as Kikumasamune Seishiro
Taguchi Junnosuke as Bido Granmarie
Minami as Kenbishi Yuri
Kashii Yu as Hakushika Noriko
Emi Suzuki as Kizakura Karen
Kaga Takeshi as Shochikubai Jishu
Kataoka Tsurutaro as Kenbishi Mansaku
Kato Kazuko as Kenbishi Yuriko

On November 21, 2007, Sony Music Entertainment released a single for the theme song of the drama. The lyrics were written by Kyosuke Himuro. On November 28, 2007, wint released a soundtrack CD for Yūkan Club. The songs are sung by Jin Akanishi and are composed by Kyosuke Himuro.

Yūkan Club won four of the five awards at the 2007 Nikkan Sports Drama Grand Prix. Jin Akanishi was awarded best actor; Junnosuke Taguchi was awarded best supporting actor; Yu Kashii was awarded best supporting actress and Yūkan Club was awarded best drama of 2007.

References

External links
 Official Shueisha Yūkan Club website
 OfficialYukan Club Japanese drama website

1982 manga
1991 anime OVAs
2007 Japanese television series debuts
Comedy anime and manga
Japanese television dramas based on manga
Magic Bus (studio)
Nippon TV dramas
Shōjo manga
Shueisha franchises
Shueisha manga
Winner of Kodansha Manga Award (Shōjo)
Television shows written by Eriko Shinozaki


Paul David Nassau (January 30, 1930 in New York City – March 9, 2013 in Palm Beach Gardens) was an American composer and lyricist for the stage. He contributed songs to the musical revue New Faces of 1956, and wrote both the music and lyric to the Broadway shows Happy Town (1959), A Joyful Noise (1966), and The Education of H*Y*M*A*N K*A*P*L*A*N (1968). He married Chloe Anderson on December 23, 1953. The couple had two children, Robert and Julie.

References

External links

The Berkshire Eagle: Paul Nassau obituary

1930 births
2013 deaths
American musical theatre composers
American musical theatre lyricists


Television broadcasting started around the 1950s and has continued to grow and become more sophisticated. When the National Basketball Association broadcasts first aired, they were broken down into four categories including; pre game, halftime, post game, and game coverage. Pregame casting usually covered a summary of predictions, key factors, and injuries. Halftime covered what happened in the first half, and the post game covered the game as a whole and the outcome. The game broadcast was a live game announcing that gave a play by play.

Local

See also
List of current National Basketball Association broadcasters
Owned-and-operated television stations in the United States

1ABC owned television station.

2CBS owned television station.

3Fox owned television station.

4NBC owned television station.

5Superstation (bold indicates former superstation).

Former teams

National

International

See also
Historical Major League Baseball over-the-air television broadcasters
Historical NHL over-the-air television broadcasters
List of American Basketball Association broadcasters

References

External links
NBA TEAMS OVER THE AIR STATIONS

Over-the-air television broadcasters
NBA over-the-air television broadcasters
Local sports television programming in the United States


Sheikh Saqr bin Muhammed bin Saqr Al-Qasimi (died 2007), was a member of the royal  Al-Qasimi family, was deputy ruler of Sharjah till 1994, who lived in the town of Khor Fakkan, in the United Arab Emirates. He was an elder brother of Sheikh Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi, the Ruler of the Emirate of Sharjah, UAE.

Career

 Head of Al-Khaleej Sports Club, the Khor Fakkan local sports club.
 Head of Khor Fakkan Municipality.

Death

On 10 December 2007 Saqr died at age 73 in a car accident while driving his car on the Fujairah - Khor Fakkan road. His car collided with a Fujairah Municipality truck.

Middle Eastern royalty
Year of birth missing
2007 deaths
Road incident deaths in the United Arab Emirates
House of Al Qasimi


KROW (101.1 FM, "The Krow") is an American radio station licensed to serve Cody, Wyoming, United States. The station, established in 2010, is owned and operated by White Park Broadcasting, Inc. KROW broadcasts an active rock music format.

History
In March 2006, White Park Broadcasting, Inc., applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for a construction permit for a new broadcast radio station. The FCC granted this permit on June 28, 2006, with a scheduled expiration date of June 28, 2009. The new station was assigned call sign "KWHO" on September 20, 2006.

The station's call sign was changed to "KROW" on January 28, 2010. These call letters were swapped with the sister station now known as "KWHO" (107.1 FM) in Lovell, Wyoming.

After overcoming filed objections and construction and testing were completed, the station was granted its broadcast license by the FCC on August 17, 2011.

Call letters
The call letters KROW were previously assigned to AM stations in San Francisco, California, Reno Nevada, Modesto, California and Dallas, Oregon.

References

External links
KROW official website

ROW
Active rock radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 2010
Cody, Wyoming


is a late 10th century Japanese story. It is Japan's oldest full-length narrative.

Composition

The author is unknown. Minamoto no Shitagō is cited as a likely candidate; however, it may have had multiple authors spanning a number of years. The text is referenced in a number of later works such as  (),  (1002), and  (), suggesting compilation between .

The text is illustrated in an  by Asukabe no Tsunenori, with calligraphy by Ono no Michikaze.

Title
The title of the story, The Tale of the Hollow Tree, is taken from an incident early in the text. The protagonist Nakatada and his mother flee to the mountains and live in hollow cedar tree. The ateji  are also used.

Contents

The story is twenty volumes in length and revolves around a mystical harp that passes through four generations. It belongs to the monogatari genre and is subclassified as a denki monogatari.

It contains the following chapters:

The story is generally divided into three major sections:
 Chapters 1-12: Toshikage is sent to China but shipwrecks in Persia. He obtains the mystical harps and returns to Japan. He has a daughter and teaches her music. The daughter has a son, Nakatada, and raises him in hollow tree. Nakatada seeks marriage to Atemiya.
 Chapters 13-18: Various political rivalries revolving around the Nakatada household and the crown prince.
 Chapters 19-20: Nakatada passes on the family musical traditions to Inumiya

Translations
An English translation by Ziro Uraki was published in 1984 by Shinozaki Shorin under the title The Tale of the Cavern  (Utsuho Monogatari) ().

Notes

References

Sources

Late Old Japanese texts
Monogatari
10th-century Japanese books


KAPN (107.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Caldwell, Texas, United States. The station is currently owned by Brazos Valley Communications, Ltd.  The station's studios are located in Bryan and its transmitter is east of Caldwell.

From 1995 to 1996, the call letters for KAPN belonged to what is now KKAT, in Salt Lake City, Utah.

History
The station went on the air as KLTR on 20 December 1960. On 12 October 1989, the station changed its call sign to KHEN, and on 13 March 2007 to KHTZ. On 10 September 2008, the station changed its call letters to KULF and on 2 February 2009 to the current KAPN.

On December 2, 2010, the station changed from modern adult contemporary to oldies, branded as "Oldies 107.3".

In October 2015, KAPN shifted their format to classic hits, branded as "Classic Hits 107.3".

On February 8, 2019, KAPN added a simulcast on translator on K272FK 102.3 FM College Station, and rebranded as "Classic Hits 102.3 & 107.3".

References

External links

APN (FM)
Classic hits radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1960
1960 establishments in Texas


Devonport Naval Heritage Centre, formerly known as the Plymouth Naval Base Museum is a maritime museum in Plymouth, Devon. It is housed in a number of historic buildings within the South Yard of HM Naval Base, Devonport (one of the three main bases of the Royal Navy). Its mission statement is "To present the story of support to the Royal Navy at Plymouth since the days of Edward I."

History
The museum was established in the Grade II listed former Dockyard Fire Station building in 1969, following an appeal from the office of the Admiral-superintendent for items of memorabilia. It has since expanded into the Grade II* listed Pay Office, while the Scrieve Board (a Grade II* listed 18th-century slip cover) currently serves as a museum store.

Collections

Galleries
The Dockyard Fire Station contains the Age of Sail Gallery.

The Pay Office contains galleries covering the transition from sail to steam, and through two World Wars, to the era of nuclear propulsion:
The Warspite Gallery
The Devonport Gallery
The Courageous Gallery

It also contains exhibitions and displays about:
Victualling Through the Ages
Uniform Through the Ages
Post War Model Ships

Figureheads

In 2020 the museum's collection of thirteen historic Royal Naval figureheads was transferred to the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery and (after extensive restoration work had been carried out) they were put on display in a new gallery there called 'The Box'.

HMS Courageous
The nuclear-powered submarine , used in the Falklands War, is  managed by the Heritage Centre as a museum ship (though it is currently 'closed to the general public until further notice').

Opening times
As of 2023 the museum is open March-October every Wednesday from 10am-4pm (and also on occasional Saturdays). There is no entry charge (though donations are requested); and, since the museum no longer lies within a restricted part of the yard, there is no requirement for visitors to book in advance.

Future
Discussions were underway in 2014 around removing the museum from the Dockyard and displaying some of its collections within an expanded Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery.

More recently, in 2018, the National Museum of the Royal Navy announced a 12-year project to try to establish a 'full-time visitor attraction' in Devonport, to be based within the South Yard and focused around the decommissioned submarine HMS Courageous.

See also
 National Museum of the Royal Navy
 Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery

References

External links
 Devonport Naval Heritage Centre - official site
 HMNB Devonport web page

Museums in Plymouth, Devon
Naval museums in England


Remember Chek Jawa is a 47-minute documentary made on digital video by freelance cinematographer Eric Lin Youwei.  It documents a biodiversity survey conducted in 2001, by a small group of volunteer conservationists, headed by botanist Joseph Lai, months before the Singapore government's reclamation project at Chek Jawa, Pulai Ubin. Chek Jawa is an inter-tidal area of about 1 square kilometre which supports a vast amount of plant and animal lives encompassing six ecosystems.

The volunteers' efforts were rewarded when the government agreed, in December 2001, to defer use of the Chek Jawa land for the next ten years.

The documentary is available as a DVD under Objectifs Films, available in the libraries under the National Library Board, Singapore.

External links

Documentary films about water and the environment
Nature conservation in Singapore
2007 films
2007 documentary films
Films shot in Singapore


L2D may refer to:
 Showa/Nakajima L2D, a type of Japanese transportation aircraft derived from Douglas DC-3
 Live2D, a software, eponymous technology and company for 2D animation


Martin Christopher Sayer (, June 20, 1987-July 25, 2023) is a Hong Kong tennis player. He is 1.85m and weighs 89 kg. Sayer is and has been a member of the Hong Kong Davis Cup team, compiling a 15-3 record in Davis Cup action since 2005.

Sayer studied and received his BSc and MBA from Radford University, Virginia and competed in NCAA competitions during the 2005-09 period. In the 2008-09 Season, Sayer reached 100 wins in singles on February 8, 2009 and he won the NCAA Men's Division I Big South Conference Player of the Year Award for three consecutive years, from 2006 to 2008.

From the Davis Cup official website, Sayer and Brian Hung are the most successful doubles team in the Davis Cup of Hong Kong. They competed in a  4-1 win-loss result. On March 8, 2009, Sayer played against Cecil Mamiit of the Philippines in the Davis Cup Asia/Oceania Group II first round. Mamiit won the match 6-4 4-6 3-6 7-6 9-7, the 58 games making it the longest match in the history of the Hong Kong Davis Cup team.

Martin Sayer was member of the "dream team" at Radford University

External links

1987 births
Living people
Hong Kong expatriates in the United States
Hong Kong male tennis players
Radford University alumni
Tennis people from Virginia
Tennis players at the 2010 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Hong Kong
College men's tennis players in the United States


Dead Letter Circus is the first EP by Australian alternative rock band Dead Letter Circus. It was released in 2007 and was distributed by MGM Distribution. It is available for purchase in the iTunes Store.

A music video was made for "Disconnect and Apply", featuring footage of the band playing live across different venues.

History
The band was formed when the Brisbane, Australian band Ochre disbanded, and three of its members formed Dead Letter Circus. The new band already had one song, "Tremors", which was recorded while Ochre was still going, and was completely different from Ochre's musical style ("Tremors" was later featured as a B-side to the "Next in Line" single). Dead Letter Circus released this EP on 5 May 2007.

Track listing

Notes
 "Disconnect and Apply" was remixed in 2008 as an iTunes exclusive bonus track on Dead Letter Circus's third single, "Next in Line". The remix was called "Inferiority Complex" and featured vocals by vocalist Ezekiel Ox, because the song was remixed by Mammal.

References

2007 debut EPs
Dead Letter Circus albums


Einar Jansen (27 March 1893 – 13 December 1960) was a Norwegian historian, genealogist and archivist.

He was born in Røyken as the son of priest Jens Jonas Jansen (1844–1912) and Jenny Therese Schroeter (1863–1942). He was a nephew of Jens Fredrik Schroeter. The family soon moved to Sandvika, and after finishing his secondary education in 1911, he enrolled in philology at the University of Kristiania, graduating with the cand.philol. degree in 1919. His final paper, Det suspensive lovvetos anvendelse i norsk konstitusjonel praksis, mixed history and constitutional law.

He worked in the National Archives of Norway from 1921 to 1934, and then as the leader of the National Archival Services of Norway in Bergen from 1934 to 1960. He then resigned to write a major genealogical work, but died before New Year.

He was also a member of the editorial staff of the biographical dictionary Norsk biografisk leksikon. He began working there in 1924, and soon became editor-in-chief, as the three editors-in-chief Anders Krogvig, Gerhard Gran and Edvard Bull, Sr. died in 1924, 1925 and 1932 respectively. His period as editor-in-chief spanned the volumes three through fourteen. From 1934 Jansen had a number of co-editors, including A. W. Brøgger, Paulus Svendsen, Øyvind Anker and his brother Jonas Jansen. Also, in September 1934 he married genealogist Ebba Martha Lassen, née Ertsgaard.

Jansen was also a member of the board of the Norwegian Genealogical Society from 1926 to 1935 and Landslaget for Bygde- og Byhistorie from 1941 to 1958, and a council member of the Selskapet til Vitenskapenes Fremme from 1935 to 1941. He was the vice leader of the trade union Arkivarforeningen from 1936 to 1941 and 1945 to 1947.

References

1893 births
1960 deaths
20th-century Norwegian historians
Norwegian genealogists
Norwegian archivists
Norwegian biographers
Male biographers
Norwegian encyclopedists
Norwegian trade unionists
University of Oslo alumni
People from Bærum
People from Røyken
20th-century Norwegian male writers


Tehkikaat is a Hindi language crime drama series starring Vijay Anand as Sam D'Silva and Saurabh Shukla as Gopichand.

Main cast
Vijay Anand as Sam D'Silva
Saurabh Shukla as Gopichand
Suresh Chatwal as Bhinde
Ashok Banthia as Chaudhary

List of episodes

References

External links

1994 Indian television series debuts
Indian crime television series
Detective television series
DD National original programming
1995 Indian television series endings


Current sense amplifiers (also called current shunt amplifiers) are special-purpose amplifiers that output a voltage proportional to the current flowing in a power rail. They utilize a "current-sense resistor" to convert the load current in the power rail to a small voltage, which is then amplified by the current-sense amplifiers. The currents in the power rail can be in the range of 1 A to 20 A, requiring the current-sense resistor to be a resistor typically in the range of 1 to 100 mΩ. These amplifiers are designed to amplify a very small "sense voltage" of 10 to 100 mV, in the presence of very large common-mode voltages of 5 to 30 V. DC precision (low input offset voltage) and high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) are distinguishing characteristics of these amplifiers. Some current sense amplifiers measure current flowing in a single direction; bidirectional amplifiers measure current flow in both directions through the sense resistor.

Normal differential amplifiers and operational amplifiers powered between two power supply rails (say VCC and VEE) can only handle signals that lie between these two power rails. If a voltage outside the power supply rails is applied to the input, internal ESD protection diodes turn on, causing large currents to flow and damage these parts.

Specialised current-sense amplifiers, by contrast are designed so that, when powered from a low-voltage power rail such as VCC = 5 V and VEE = 0 V, they can withstand pin voltages much higher than VCC and much lower than VEE. These amplifiers use specialized ESD structures that enable them to have this functionality. Their input stages are designed such that when the input common-mode voltage is much higher than VCC or much lower than VEE, the input amplifier stage powers itself from the input common-mode voltage instead of VCC orVEE.

Examples of integrated current-sense amplifiers include INA240, INA293, LTC6101,MAX4080, AD8210,TS1100 and INA193. In special cases, no VCC pin is required to accomplish current-sensing; the MAX9938 is such a device.

See also
 Differential amplifier
 Shunts (electrical)
 Sense Amplifier

References

External links
 Current Sense Amplifier Products
 Current Sensing Overview
High-Side Current-Sense Measurement: Circuits and Principles
Current-Sense Amplifiers (CSAs)
Current Sense Circuits and Applications
Current Sensor Overview

Electronic amplifiers


David Charles Novak (born October 30, 1952) is an American businessman, author and philanthropist. He is the founder and CEO of David Novak Leadership, and co-founder and former CEO of YUM! Brands Inc.

Early life and education
Novak was born in Beeville, Texas in 1952. His father was a government surveyor, marking latitudes and longitudes for the nation's mapmakers and would move the family to the next location about every three months. By the time Novak was 12, he had lived in 32 trailer parks in 23 states. Novak says the "nomadic" childhood experiences taught him how to be a better leader and helped him succeed.

Novak received a bachelor's degree majoring in journalism with an advertising minor from the University of Missouri and was a member of the Delta Upsilon fraternity.

Career
Novak is Founder and CEO of David Novak Leadership, a leadership development method that teaches leadership skills through an online training platform, digital leadership training platform, podcasts, blogs, and videos.

In 2016, Novak launched David Novak Leadership, the "world's first recognition brand" on a mission to convince people of the usefulness of recognizing what others have done and close what he has dubbed the "global recognition deficit." He believes recognition creates an energized work force and inspires people to do great things. He also wrote O Great One! A Little Story About the Awesome Power of Recognition.

Novak is the co-founder, retired chairman and CEO of Yum! Brands, Inc. (CEO from 1999 to January 1, 2016). During Novak's tenure at Yum! Brands, the company doubled the number of restaurants to 41,000, market capitalization grew to almost $32 billion from just under $4 billion and it was an industry leader in return on invested capital.

Novak was president at KFC and Pizza Hut, and held senior management positions at Pepsi-Cola Company, including chief operating officer and executive vice president of marketing and sales.

His first job was as an advertising copywriter at Ketchum advertising agency. He was executive vice president/director account services Tracy-Lock/BBDO in Dallas, Texas, serving as account supervisor on Frito-Lay products, Pepsi-Cola accounts and others, before becoming the executive vice president of all Frito-Lay products at the agency.

Novak is credited with the invention of Crystal Pepsi, a clear cola introduced in 1992. While it did not succeed in the marketplace, Novak stated that he learned a valuable lesson from that failure; even though every project had naysayers that would tell him something could not be done, "sometimes the naysayers have a point."

Novak's passion is to make the world a better place by developing leaders at all ages through David Novak Leadership, his family's Lift-a-Life Foundation, Lead4Change, Global Game Changers and The Novak Leadership Institute at the University of Missouri. Lead4Change is the largest privately funded leadership service program in middle and high schools. Novak and his wife, Wendy, also donated $21.6 million to the University of Missouri, School of Journalism to create the Novak Leadership Institute.

He was named 2012 Chief Executive of the Year by Chief Executive magazine.

Novak is the author of three leadership books, including the New York Times bestseller Taking People With You, The Only Way to Achieve Big Things, O Great One!, A little Story About the Awesome Power of Recognition and The Education of an Accidental CEO, Lessons Learned from the Trailer Park to the Corner Office.

In June 2022, Novak was announced as a member of a group that purchased Louisville's Valhalla Golf Club from the PGA of America.

Awards and honors
Novak has been very active in impacting the business world. As a senior management member, he has received several prestigious awards. He was recognized by Chief Executive Magazine as "2012 CEO of the Year," one of the world's "30 Best CEOs" by Barron's, one of the "Top People in Business" by Fortune and one of the "100 Best-Performing CEOs in the World" by Harvard Business Review. He received the 2015 Horatio Alger Award for his commitment to philanthropy and higher education and became a lifetime member of the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans.

Publications

 Novak, David C. (2016), O Great One! A Little Story About the Power of Recognition, Portfolio Hardcover,

References

1953 births
Living people
American chief executives of food industry companies
Businesspeople from Louisville, Kentucky

American chief operating officers
Directors of JPMorgan Chase
KFC people
University of Missouri alumni
Yum! Brands people


A metachronal rhythm or metachronal wave refers to wavy movements produced by the sequential action (as opposed to synchronized) of structures such as cilia, segments of worms, or legs. These movements produce the appearance of a travelling wave.

A Mexican wave is a large scale example of a metachronal wave. This pattern is found widely in nature such as on the cilia of many aquatic organisms such as ctenophores, molluscs, ciliates as well as on the epithelial surfaces of many body organs. Individual cilia, when part of a metachronal wave being used for protist locomotion, individually beat in a pattern similar to the planar stroke of a flagellum. The difference is that the recovery stroke is at 90 degrees to the power stroke, so that the cilia avoid hitting each other.

Metachronal rhythms may be seen in the coordinated movements of the legs of millipedes and other multi-legged land invertebrates, as well as in the coordinated movements of social insects.

Such metachronal motion has been shown to enhance fluid transport properties in natural cilia. Metachronal motion has also been replicated in synthetic microfluidic systems using magnetic filaments.

See also
Beta movement
Phi phenomenon

References

External links
Metachronal swimming
Cilia
 Mathematical model of millipede gaits

Animal locomotion
Waves
Articles containing video clips


The Parque Festival México () is a future theme park in Zapotlanejo, Mexico. Construction started on April 3, 2009. It will encompass approximately . It will be built in four phases, and when finished it will have a theme park, an aquatic park, a shopping mall, and a hotel.  The theme park is projected to open in 2012, with the entire project being completed in 2024. The Wyatt Design Group is involved in planning and designing this project.

References

Tourist attractions in Jalisco
Amusement parks in Mexico
2010 establishments in Mexico


Paul Bernard Wurtsmith (9 August 1906 – 13 September 1946) was a United States Army Air Forces general during World War II.

Enlisting in the United States Army Air Corps as a flying cadet in 1927, Wurtsmith was commissioned in 1928. Over the next 13 years, he served in instructional and command positions. He took over command of the 49th Pursuit Group in December 1941 and between March 1942 and January 1943, his fighters downed 78 enemy aircraft in the defense of Darwin in northern Australia, against Japanese air attacks. In 1943 he assumed command of the V Fighter Command, part of Major General George Kenney's Fifth Air Force. In 1945, he commanded the Thirteenth Air Force in the Southern Philippines and Borneo campaigns. After the war Wurtsmith served with the Strategic Air Command.

Wurtsmith was killed when his North American B-25 Mitchell medium bomber crashed near the summit of Cold Mountain near Asheville, North Carolina, on 13 September 1946. In February 1953, the United States Air Force named Wurtsmith Air Force Base in Oscoda Township, Michigan, in his honor.

Early life
Paul Bernard Wurtsmith was born in Detroit, Michigan, on 9 August 1906, the eldest of three sons of Fred Bernard Wurtsmith, a railroad engineer on the Pere Marquette Railroad, and his wife Ella. Paul was educated at Holy Redeemer Grammar School and Cass Technical High School in Detroit. In his teenage years he earned some money working as a copy boy at The Detroit News and in his spare time he worked on a Ford Model-T hot rod. He attended the University of Detroit, where he earned a degree in aeronautical engineering.

He enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps as a flying cadet on 4 August 1927. On earning his wings through the successful completion of flight training at Kelly Field, San Antonio, Texas, he was directly commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Air Reserve on 23 June 1928. On 2 February 1929, he received a regular commission in the Army Air Corps. He married Irene Gillespie. The couple had no children. Wurtsmith joined the 94th Pursuit Squadron, the famed World War I "Hat in the Ring" Squadron, at Selfridge Field, Michigan. Over the next 13 years, he served in instructional and command positions. He won the Mitchell Trophy Air Race in 1930. On 1 October 1934, he was promoted to first lieutenant and was temporary captain from 7 August 1935 to 16 June 1936 before being promoted substantively on 2 February 1939. He graduated from the Air Corps Tactical School in 1939.

World War II

Defense of Australia
Wurtsmith commanded the 17th Pursuit Squadron at Selfridge Field from September 1939 to July 1940, then the 41st Pursuit Squadron until January 1941. Still at Selfridge Field, he served with the 50th Pursuit Group until December 1941, when he assumed command of the 49th Pursuit Group at Key Field, Mississippi, shortly after the United States entered the war following the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor.

The 49th Pursuit Group was soon on its way to fight the Japanese in the South West Pacific. Arriving in Australia in February 1942, the 49th Pursuit Group moved to the Darwin area in March and April 1942. By this time, Darwin had been bombed several times. The 49th Pursuit Group became its principal defense. Conditions in the area were still primitive, and spare parts and equipment were scarce. Lacking adequate logistical support, the Americans were heavily dependent on their Australian allies. Morale in Darwin was low, but the sight of Wurtsmith's aircraft patrolling the skies provided an important boost.

Between December 1941 and March 1942, over 300 P-40 Kittyhawks, 100 P-400 and 90 P-39 Airacobras had been sent to Australia; of these, around 125 had been lost to enemy action in the Dutch East Indies campaign, 75 had been transferred to the RAAF, 74 were under or awaiting repair and perhaps another 100 had yet to be completely assembled. On 18 March, 33 P-39s, 92 P-40s and 52 P-400s were on hand. There were three USAAF pursuit groups in Australia, the 8th, 35th and 49th, but Wurtsmith's was the only one considered combat ready. Of the 102 pilots in his group, only Wurtsmith, with 4,800 hours of pursuit time, and his executive officer, Major Donald R. Hutchinson, with 2,600 hours, were veteran pilots. Five others had more than 600 hours and nine had about 15 hours. The remaining 89 pilots had no pursuit time at all.

The P-40s were better armored and faster in level flight than the Japanese fighters they were up against, mostly Mitsubishi A6M Zeroes, and could outdive them. On the other hand, the Japanese fighters had greater range, could outclimb the P-40, and were far more maneuverable. For an American P-40 pilot, risking a dogfight with a Japanese fighter was practically suicidal. Wurtsmith attempted to develop tactics that would exploit the strengths of the P-40 and minimize its weaknesses. The two-plane element was fixed as the chief unit of combat, and individual dogfighting was strictly prohibited. The P-40s would attempt to dive into a Japanese formation, attack, and then continue diving at a speed the Japanese fighters could not match. Above all, Wurtsmith attempted to make sure that he had enough P-40s in commission to outnumber the Japanese. The efforts of the ground crews and service troops made this possible. By May 1942, he had lost seven P-40s and three pilots while claiming the destruction of 38 Japanese aircraft. The heaviest Japanese attack had been by nine fighters and 24 bombers, which Wurtsmith had met with 50 P-40s; the P-40 pilots claimed 11 Japanese aircraft shot down. May was the first month that passed without a raid since January but the Japanese returned on four consecutive days in June, three of these raids consisting of 18 to 20 fighters and 27 bombers. That month nine P-40s and 13 Japanese aircraft were lost. Wurtsmith was promoted to colonel on 6 July 1942. Between March 1942 and January 1943, his fighters claimed to have downed 78 enemy aircraft.

New Guinea
In August 1942, Major General George Kenney assumed command of the Allied Air Forces in the South West Pacific Area, becoming the senior Allied air officer under the theater commander, General Douglas MacArthur. Kenney split the Allied Air Forces into Australian and American components, the American part becoming the re-formed Fifth Air Force in September 1942. Kenney concurrently commanded the Fifth Air Force, with Brigadier General Ennis Whitehead as his deputy. The major commands of the Fifth Air Force were the V Service Command under Major General Rush B. Lincoln, V Bomber Command under Brigadier General Kenneth Walker, and the V Fighter Command. Activated at Fort George Wright in April 1942 as V Interceptor Command, it was redesignated V Fighter Command in August. Wurtsmith assumed command on 11 November, with his headquarters at Port Moresby. Kenney told him that if he "made good", he would be promoted to brigadier general. If not, he would be sent home on a slow boat.

By early 1943, Kenney was convinced that Wurtsmith had "made good" in the Papuan Campaign, and he took the papers recommending Wurtsmith's promotion to MacArthur, who promised to approve it and sent it in to Washington, DC. One of MacArthur's staff quipped that he hoped Wurtsmith was over 21. Wurtsmith was actually 36; but MacArthur, who had been promoted to the rank of brigadier general at age 37, icily replied, "We promote them out here for efficiency, not age." Wurtsmith was duly promoted on 8 February 1943. He also became one of a handful of American officers to be decorated by the Australian government, being awarded the Commander of the Order of the British Empire for "excellence of training and direction of fighter operations in New Guinea". The award was eventually presented by General Sir Thomas Blamey on Leyte in March 1945.

The first long-range American fighter was the twin-engined P-38 Lightning but none reached the South West Pacific Area until October 1942 and, beset with a host of mechanical difficulties, it was not until December 1942 that they flew their first major combat mission over New Guinea. Deliveries were suspended in January 1943 owing to the requirements of the North African Campaign, forcing Kenney to accept the P-47 Thunderbolt, the first of which arrived in Australia in July 1943. Early model P-47s had less range than P-40 Kittyhawks until  fuel tanks could be manufactured for them in Australia. These enabled the 348th Fighter Group to become operational in August 1943. Though the tanks were very successful on the P-38s and P-40s, overloading the P-47s caused several crashes, and the pilots were reluctant to fly with more than  of fuel. In 1945, the P-47s were replaced by P-51 Mustangs. By September 1943, Wurtsmith's five fighter groups had 598 aircraft but this included 70 P-39s, 30 P-400s and 118 P-40s, half of which were in the depots. The technical representative of Bell Aircraft reported that the P-39s and P-40s averaged 300 combat hours. That of Curtiss-Wright similarly reported that the P-40s had from 300 to 500 combat hours, which was equivalent to about 2,000 normal hours. General Kenney wrote to General Henry H. Arnold that "With the possible exception of Chennault, I do not believe that anyone else is flying stuff as old and worn out as these youngsters out here."

In New Guinea, the main role of the fighters was escort—something not foreseen before the war. Early losses of bombers made fighter protection the rule rather than the exception, and if fighter cover was not available, the bombers flew by night. During the last half of 1943, V Fighter Command flew 6,607 sorties in support of bombers and 10,215 to protect transports, out of 24,397 sorties for the period in total. These missions often depended upon securing forward fighter fields, particularly for long missions. Wurtsmith made what he claimed was the "shortest landing ever made in a P-40" at Marilinan to see if it could serve as a forward fighter strip. He proved that it could, although a better site was subsequently located at nearby Tsili Tsili. This base allowed Wurtsmith's fighters to support the bombing of Wewak and the landing at Nadzab. The range of the fighters was increased by the addition of external 200-gallon fuel tanks. Then, in July 1944, Charles Lindbergh, who was visiting the South West Pacific area as civilian observer, taught Wurtsmith's pilots how to obtain greater range by economical operation of their engines. The new technique increased the combat radius of the P-38s to , a gain of some 30 percent. Combining three external droppable tanks with new techniques increased the range of the P-40s to .

On 30 January 1945, Wurtsmith replaced Major General St. Clair Streett as commander of the Thirteenth Air Force. He was promoted to the rank of major general on 19 March 1945. The Thirteenth Air Force was tasked with the support of Lieutenant General Robert L. Eichelberger's Eighth United States Army in the Victor series of operations to clear the Southern Philippines that included the Invasion of Palawan, Battle of the Visayas, and the Battle of Mindanao. Operating under Air Vice Marshal William Bostock's RAAF Command, the Thirteenth Air Force also supported Lieutenant General Sir Leslie Morshead's Australian I Corps in the Oboe series of operations against Japanese forces in Borneo.

Post-war years
Wurtsmith relinquished command of the Thirteenth Air Force in July 1946 and returned to the United States, where he was assigned to the headquarters of the Strategic Air Command (SAC) at Washington, DC's Bolling Field. Though perhaps an unusual posting for a fighter expert, SAC was then commanded by Kenney. Wurtsmith attended the 1946 Operation Crossroads nuclear weapons tests on Bikini Atoll as an observer, and in September 1946, he was appointed commander of the Eighth Air Force, one of SAC's three numbered air forces. On 12 September 1946, he took off from MacDill Field, Florida, in a B-25 Mitchell. He first flew to Bolling Field, where he had some business, then on to Selfridge Field. He paid a visit to his family, whom he had not seen for three years, including his mother Ella, whose 77th birthday was on 14 September. On 13 September, with Wurtsmith at the controls, the Mitchell, 44-30227, set out for MacDill Field in bad weather, flying at —below the safe altitude for the area. At around 11:20 all on board were killed when the aircraft crashed into Cold Mountain, about  southwest of Asheville, North Carolina. The official report listed the cause of the crash as "miscalculation of altitude".

Wurtsmith's remains were recovered from Cold Mountain and were interred in Arlington National Cemetery on 18 September 1946. In February 1953, the United States Air Force named Wurtsmith Air Force Base in Oscoda, Michigan, in his honor. Special guests at the dedication ceremony included his mother Ella, his widow Irene, his nephews Paul D. Wurtsmith and Fred Wurtsmith, and George Kenney. General Thomas D. White told the crowd that the base was being named after a man who was "probably the best fighter pilot and fighter tactician in all of World War II". In 1954, Ella Wurtsmith was named Michigan Mother of the Year. Among the letters recommending her for the honor was one from General MacArthur.

Notes

References

1906 births
1946 deaths
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Honorary Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Military personnel from Detroit
University of Detroit Mercy alumni
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
United States Army Air Forces generals
Recipients of the Air Medal
United States Army Air Forces generals of World War II


I am Dunedin is an advertising slogan created for the city of Dunedin in New Zealand by the marketing and communications agency of the Dunedin City Council (DCC). It was first used in the television commercial "Are You Ready for Dunedin life?" After that, several print advertisements and television advertisements were created using the slogan to promote Dunedin's culture and heritage.
The Iogo’s background is blue and the slogan is gold. The official website of the City of Dunedin is at the lower right hand side of the logo.

Background

Origin
For two decades, 1980-1999, the City of Dunedin experienced slow population growth, with around 10,000 people “lost” to cities further north in New Zealand or overseas. This included the loss of governmental and corporate head offices and of significant middle management, trade and professional career opportunities.

Therefore, the perception of Dunedin was quite negative. The city council organised a public meeting in which councillors, tertiary and social services, as well as representatives from different communities chose the statement along with all the other statements that were submitted. They unanimously chose “I am Dunedin” as the slogan. The original purpose of the slogan was to change people's perception from negative to positive (mainly people outside of Dunedin). One year later, a public survey conducted by Marketing and Communication Agency showed that most businesses were unable to find skilled workers, which had become a potential threat to Dunedin's economy.

The challenge for the City of Dunedin's marketing campaign was not only to attract skilled and professional workers to the city, but also to do so in an environment where other New Zealand cities had experienced long-term economic growth and where there was a perception of better job and lifestyle opportunities elsewhere. In response to the declining population and concerns about business growth, the DCC's Economic Development Committee developed a strategic plan to achieve economic growth and job creation.

For the next six years, the Marketing and Communication Agency's highest priority is to create a public campaign via a suitable brand statement to meet public's needs and to achieve DCC's overall goal.

History of promoting Dunedin

In the late 1980s, Dunedin earned a reputation for innovative, leading-edge place marketing within New Zealand. The city was the first in the country to develop a comprehensive branding strategy. The It's All Right Here campaign launched in 1988 remained successful until the early 1990s, when it declined due to lack of financial support.

In an effort to revitalise Dunedin's brand image in 1998, the That's the Spirit of Dunedin campaign was conceived and launched. This was an attempt to build on and refresh the original It's All Right Here campaign. An annual budget was committed to the city's promotional strategy and received some positive recognition.

However, lack of consultation in both campaigns meant that rather than basing the campaign on an integrated community approach, an outside agency imposed a solution for Dunedin. There was also concern that Dunedin's brand image had become confused and cluttered by the use of the two positioning statements, neither of which captured the unique essence of Dunedin. There was a need for a new sharp, clear image of Dunedin.

On 26 July 2001, DCC officially launched its new City Branding campaign in Dunedin to 1,000 business and community leaders. The 'I am Dunedin' breaks with the traditional style of presenting the City and elicits passion, emotion, and pride.

Purpose
By launching the "I am Dunedin" campaign, the DCC's purpose is “to encourage changes of perception and to continue the city’s aim to increase business, tourism and population growth.”

Moreover, DCC has been to profile Dunedin positively and to present the City as an attractive place to live, work, do business and be educated. The 'I Am Dunedin campaigns linked directly with the Economic Development strategy with the aim to sustain and increase business growth. The DCC’s marketing department’s assigned focus has been to change negative perceptions of Dunedin and, more recently, to encourage skilled workers and families to move to Dunedin by increasing awareness of employment vacancies in the City.

Advertisements and campaigns
“Are You Ready for Dunedin Life?”
The most successful campaign was a correspondent slogan “Are You Ready for Dunedin Life?”, a television commercial directed by Murray Page of ZOOM Productions. Murray Page worked with Marketing and Communication Agency in the Council and their photographer as the brainstorming group that developed the campaign together.

In 2004, the I Am Dunedin campaign took a risk by concentrating on one key message that was especially designed to take advantage of topical debate on transportation issues in Auckland and Wellington, which were under severe pressure from traffic congestion. Its core creative was a hard-hitting message that was relevant to all target audiences and offered Dunedin as the competitive alternative.

The Are You Ready for Dunedin Life?'' tactical campaign portrayed three of the original testimonials and key target markets (family, trades people, business professionals) stuck in their city's traffic. It showed them stressed and under pressure from the time-consuming toll, it took out of them. The television commercials were technically innovative in that they showed traffic coming to a halt, a billboard coming to life, and real people, who had moved to Dunedin, speaking directly to them of their new quality of life in Dunedin compared with the hassle of living in over-populated North Island cities such as Wellington. This empathises with the reality of life in Northern centres where people are stuck in traffic – unable to get out and have a life.  The solution - “Are you Ready for Dunedin life?”

Additionally, “Are You Ready for Dunedin Life?” has been awarded with Marketing Awards Non-Profit category.

Music video
The official promotion music video titled "I am Dunedin" was produced by the Dunedin City Council in association with ZOOM Evolution, Bill Nichol Photography Limited and composed by Murray Grindlay.
The music video featured a theme song titled "I am Dunedin".
The second promotion video was released in 2008 consisting five different parts including: I am 'Learning' Dunedin and the City's excellence in education] from pre-school through to tertiary; I am 'Passion' Dunedin showing the City's passion for all sporting activities; and I am 'Fashion' Dunedin highlighting the vitality and creativity of Dunedin. I am 'Alive' Dunedin showed the vibrant nightlife and café scene; and I am 'Wild' Dunedin showed how uniquely close the city is to an abundance of wildlife and eco-tourism. These messages were incorporated into a yearlong advertising campaign that complemented key events such as fashion and sports, as well as local initiatives in education and tourism.

Public reaction

Criticism
A significant number of people criticize that the slogan “I am Dunedin” does not represent something unique to Dunedin, it is merely a general commercial statement to attract business and investment from outside of Dunedin. Moreover, DCC has not gone through the public to select a suitable slogan therefore it has not been able to represent the Dunedin citizens as a whole.

Compliment
Despite a significant amount of criticism from Dunedin's citizens, the majority of people around New Zealand speak highly of the benefit and effectiveness this “I am Dunedin” campaign has brought to the local economy and boost of the job opportunities. For example, people outside of Dunedin remain very positive and highly disposed to Dunedin as a place to visit. 91% of those surveyed said that their impressions of Dunedin were positive as a result of the advertising they had seen.

Achievement
Annual market research quantified the “I am Dunedin” success with positive awareness increasing from 21% in December 2001 to 29% in 2003, and later leapt to 60% and 73% positive awareness for April 2005. Dunedin City was the most recalled city in New Zealand, beating Wellington, Auckland and Christchurch for two years in a row.

For seven years the city marketing’s key role was to externally promote Dunedin outside of the city to New Zealand and overseas. The city’s population rose incrementally from 115,000 people in 2001 to 122,000 people in 2006.

Re-evaluation
DCC believes that it is now time for the city marketing mandate to be reviewed in order for future campaigns to have a meaningful contribution to Dunedin’s economic and social prosperity. Moreover, the Council’s marketing team has been conducting a series of focus groups with community leaders to identify issues and develop a long-term marketing strategy.

DCC also believes that “I am Dunedin” will continue to be successful and effective due to its innovative flair and the originality of branding a city and positively changing perceptions.  The brand has no barriers, is therefore sustainable, and can be developed into a multitude of campaigns that are timely and relevant to the City of Dunedin's future promotional and communication needs.

Slogan to be dropped
The slogan I AM DUNEDIN is to be dropped and the council is currently searching for a new one. Several options, many "tongue in cheek" have been put forward by members of the public

References

Sources
 Hooker, Jennifer. ‘Branding Dunedin: passionate, active, vibrant, youthful.’ Working on the edge: A Portrait of Business in Dunedin. Dunedin, New Zealand: Otago University Press, 2007. 78-87
 ‘I am Dunedin.’ Com. Murray Grindlay, ZOOM Evolution, 2007.
 Jennifer Hooker. Personal interview. Face to Face. Audiocassette in possession of author. 27 March 2009.

Further reading
Inkson, K, Browning, V. and Kirkwood, J. eds. Working on the edge: A Portrait of Business in Dunedin. Dunedin, New Zealand: Otago University Press, 2007.

External links
Dunedin City Council

2000s in Dunedin
New Zealand advertising slogans
2001 neologisms
Tourism in New Zealand


David Peregrine, OC (September 19, 1954 – c. June 7, 1989) was a Canadian dancer and actor.

Life
He was born David Alan Evans in Llay, Wales and grew up in Ottawa. Peregrine studied ballet with Nesta Toumine in Ottawa, going on to study at the Royal Winnipeg Ballet school with David Moroni and at the Banff School of Fine Arts. Evans adopted the stage name David Peregrine. He joined the Royal Winnipeg Ballet as a member of the corps in 1975, becoming soloist three years later and principal dancer in 1980, partnering with Evelyn Hart. In 1980 he won a bronze medal at the International Ballet Competition in Varna, Bulgaria, performing the pas de deux from Norbert Vesak's ballet "Belong." Hart won a gold medal. In 1986, Peregrine was made an officer of the Order of Canada. He performed two seasons with the San Francisco Ballet and was a guest artist with the Alberta Ballet, Boston Ballet and Scottish Ballet. Peregrine appeared as Smike in the play Nicholas Nickleby and the monster in Frankenstein in productions by the Manitoba Theatre Centre.

He died in a plane crash on June 7, 1989 after flying his small plane  south from Fairbanks, Alaska. Due to bad weather, a rescue crew was only able to reach the site 8 days later. Two passengers -- a friend and his brother (Meirig Evans of Ottawa, b.1970) -- also died in the crash.

References
 Entry from the Canadian Encyclopedia

1954 births
1989 deaths
Canadian male ballet dancers
Canadian male stage actors
Officers of the Order of Canada
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
People from Wrexham County Borough
Welsh emigrants to Canada
20th-century Canadian male actors
Accidental deaths in Alaska
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1989


Law Lan () MH JP (born Lo Yin-ying (); 13 November 1934), is a veteran Hong Kong actress in both the film and TV industry.

Career
She first started out in the film industry in 1939, cast in antagonistic roles during the black and white film era. It was during this time that she took the stage name of "Law Lan" based on the advice of her boss because he said the name was reminiscent of Shanghai socialites (交際花), and this name better suited the type of roles that she played.

In 1971, Law Lan joined TVB and took part in numerous drama series. Here, she played a variety of different characters instead of only being cast in antagonistic roles as she had previously. She also took part in the popular nightly variety show, Enjoy Yourself Tonight, which included skits, singing, dancing, and variety games, filmed in front of a live audience.

As well, Law Lan has been popularly cast playing roles as a supernatural medium in over 36 Hong Kong horror movies, despite the fact that she is a devout Roman Catholic. It was her performance as 四婆 (which is fourth granny literally) in the movie, Bullets Over Summer, which garnered her the "Best Actress" award at the 19th Hong Kong Film Award in 2000, making her the oldest winner of this coveted award.

Personal life
Law's father died during World War II aged 34 after complications from opium withdrawals. She has been living alone since 1994 when her Indian mother died, thus saving her from immigrating to Canada.

Filmography

Television dramas

Film
The Kid (1950)
Story of the White-Haired Demon Girl (1959)
Les Belles (1961)
Young, Pregnant and Unmarried (1968)
Lucky Seven (1970)
The House of 72 Tenants (1972)
Police Woman (1973)
Games Gamblers Play (1974)
Aces Go Places 3 (1984)
The Greatest Lover (1988)
The Bride with White Hair 2 (1993)
Troublesome Night (1997)
Haunted Mansion (1998)
Troublesome Night 3 (1998)
Bullets Over Summer (1999)
Troublesome Night 5 (1999)
Troublesome Night 6 (1999)
Troublesome Night 7 (2000)
Troublesome Night 8 (2000)
Troublesome Night 9 (2001)
Troublesome Night 10 (2001)
Troublesome Night 11 (2001)
Troublesome Night 12 (2001)
Troublesome Night 13 (2002)
Troublesome Night 14 (2002)
Troublesome Night 15 (2002)
Troublesome Night 16 (2002)
Troublesome Night 17 (2002)
Troublesome Night 18 (2003)
Troublesome Night 19 (2003)
The Unusual Youth (2005)
Don't Open Your Eyes (2006)
Flash Point (2007)
The Haunting Lover (2010)
A Simple Life (2011)
Blue Magic (2013)
The White Storm (2013)
Overheard 3 (2014)
Flirting in the Air (2014)
Tales of Mystery (2015)
An Inspector Calls (2015)
Are You Here (2015)
Big Fortune Hotel (2015)
Heaven in the Dark (2016)
Cook Up a Storm (2017)
Always Be With You (2017)
Agent Mr Chan (2018)
A Beautiful Moment (2018)
Hotel Soul Good (2018)
I Love You, You're Perfect, Now Change! (2019)
Girl Dorm (2019)

Honours and awards
Medal of Honour (2002)

Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards
Best Actress for Bullets Over Summer (2000)

Hong Kong Film Awards
Best Supporting Actress Nomination for Thou Shalt Not Swear (1994)
Best Supporting Actress Nomination for 13 July (1997)
Best Actress for Bullets Over Summer (2000)

Golden Bauhinia Awards
Best Supporting Actress for Bullets Over Summer (2000)

TVB Anniversary Awards
Life Achievement Award (2002)

References

External links

1934 births
Hong Kong Roman Catholics
TVB actors
Hong Kong television actresses
Living people
20th-century Hong Kong actresses
21st-century Hong Kong actresses
Hong Kong film actresses


The Lower East Side Band was an American rock band from Manhattan, New York.

History
Formed to support David Peel in 1967, the Lower East Side Band originally consisted of Harold C. Black and Billy Joe White. They soon became popular enough in New York City's then thriving downtown counterculture that they were signed to Elektra Records in 1968. With the addition of Larry Adam and George Cori to the line-up, the band recorded with David Peel on the Have a Marijuana album conceptualized by Danny Fields as a collection of drinking songs for pot smokers.

In 1970 The Lower East Side Band recorded their second album, The American Revolution, which was also released by Elektra Records (now part of Warner Music Group) on the Sire Records imprint. In 1971, after the record was released and the band toured in support of it, Harold C. Black and Billy Joe White left to form the glitter rock band Teenage Lust. Harold went on to run New York City's after-hours nightclub the 210 Club. They were replaced by Tommy Doyle, Frank Lanci and Billy Minelli. In the mid-seventies, the Lower East Side band was produced by its long-time friend and admirer John Lennon for Apple Records. Lennon then produced Peel's album, The Pope Smokes Dope, which was banned in several countries outside the United States and Canada.

In the late 1970s, the Lower East Side Band included Eddie and his brother Moses from the Bronx, as well as Andi Anderson aka Andrew Stergiou. They regularly appeared with David Peel on Michael Luckman's Underground Tonight Show, an early cable TV program broadcast on Sterling Manhattan Cable TV public broadcast channels. Sterling Manhattan Cable was later to become part of HBO in the Time-Warner group.

The Lower East Side band was part of the Plastic Ono Band that appeared on The David Frost Show with John Lennon and Yoko Ono. They also performed at the first Manhattan New York City smoke-in hosted by the Yippies, as well as the first Washington, D.C. smoke-in, which was broadcast on both television and radio.

See also
 John Sinclair
 Abbie Hoffman
 Dana Beal

References

External links

 David Peel and the Lower East Side homepage
  1972 clip of the Lower East Side Band on the David Frost Show performing "New York City Hippie" (with David Peel, John Lennon, Yoko Ono, Tommy and Eddie, Elephant's Memory).

Rock music groups from New York (state)
Protopunk groups


HCCH is the chemical formula for acetylene.

HCCH may also refer to:

HCC Insurance Holdings, an insurance company
Hague Conference on Private International Law


Anders Krogvig (29 April 1880 – 3 April 1924) was a Norwegian librarian, writer, literary consultant and critic.

He was born in Kristiania as the son of Carl Gustav Krogvig and Antonette Pedersen. He was a first cousin of Tryggve Andersen. In April 1903 he married Aagot Kristine Moe (1881–1923). He finished his secondary education in 1899, and enrolled in philology at the University of Kristiania. However, he did not graduate. Instead he took work as a librarian, first at the Museum of Decorative Arts and Design from 1909 to 1918, then in the Norwegian Parliament from 1921 to his death. He applied for a professorship at the University in 1919, but was not appointed.

Krogvig also worked in the publishing house Aschehoug, together with Gerhard Gran and director William Martin Nygaard. He was involved in several of their flagships; being subeditor of the periodical Samtiden from 1916, editor-in-chief of the encyclopedia Achehougs konversasjonsleksikon from 1919, and co-editor of the biographical dictionary Norsk biografisk leksikon from 1921. He edited the first volume (released 1923) together with Gerhard Gran and Edvard Bull, Sr. but died before a second volume was published.

He was also known for re-publishing several old sources, including a collection of letters written by Jørgen Moe, and, together with Moltke Moe, a revision of Peter Christian Asbjørnsen's old fairy tales. He wrote extensively in Norwegian newspapers and periodicals, especially literary critiques. Two collections of his articles were published, titled Nordisk digtning (1912) and Bøker og mennesker (1919). He was also a consultant in the Norwegian Authors' Union. Together with his position in Aschehoug, this meant that Krogvig had a significant impact on many literary careers of the time, including Johan Falkberget, Olav Aukrust, Kristofer Uppdal, and Sigurd Christiansen.

References

1880 births
1924 deaths
Norwegian librarians
Norwegian literary critics
Norwegian biographers
Norwegian male writers
Male biographers
Norwegian encyclopedists
University of Oslo alumni
Writers from Oslo


Spartak Guba FK () was an Azerbaijani football club based in Quba (city).

History
The club was founded in 1961 under the name of Spartak.

References

Spartak Quba
Spartak Quba
1961 establishments in Azerbaijan
Defunct football clubs in Azerbaijan
2011 disestablishments in Azerbaijan
Association football clubs disestablished in 2011


Akpes (Àbèsàbèsì) is an endangered language of Nigeria. It is spoken by approximately 7,000 speakers in the North of Ondo State. The language is surrounded by several other languages of the Akoko area, where Yoruba is the lingua franca. Yoruba replaces Akpes in more and more informal domains and thus forwards a gradual shift from Akpes towards Yoruba. Akpes is generally attributed to the Volta-Congo Branch of the Niger-Congo phylum.

Name

The language is commonly referred to as 'Akpes' in literature. As this term is in fact the name of one of the four dialects, it is not supported by the whole speaker community. A meeting of representatives of all nine settlements has coined the term 'Abesabesi' to denote the language. It is a reduplication of the word àbès meaning 'we'.

Distribution and varieties

Abesabesi is spoken in nine different settlements in the Akoko North East and Akoko North West LGAs of Ondo State. While Àkùnnù, Àsẹ̀, Gèdègédé, Ìbáràmù, Ìkáràmù, and Ìyànì are independent towns, three settlements form a quarter of the multilingual town Àjọwá: Dája, Ẹ̀ṣùkù, Ìlúdọ̀tun (also: Ìlọ̀dùn or Àkùnnù Àjọwá). The quarter Efifa of Ajowa used to speak Akpes in the past but switched to the local Yoruba variety Owe. Agoyi (2009) classifies the varieties of these nine settlements into four dialects: Akpes, Èkiròmì, Èṣùkù, Ìluẹnì. Her analysis is mostly based on differences in lexicon and phonemics (especially vowel harmony). All dialects are mutually intelligible.  Below is a table of all dialects, the settlements they are spoken in, and alternate names.

Genetic affiliation
While most scholars attribute Abesabesi somewhere in the Volta-Niger branch of Niger-Congo, its exact position within this branch is disputed. Some claimed that it forms a separate sub-branch and others claimed a closer relationship to the Edoid languages or Ukaan.

The ASJP 4.0 classifies Abesabesi as most closely related to the Ukaan language.

Phonology
Abesabesi has a rich phoneme inventory comprising labial-velar and labialized consonants and an advanced tongue root (ATR) distinction for the oral mid vowels. The orthography used here follows Lau (2020), which is based on IPA.
Abesabesi is a tonal language with a high, a mid, and a low tone. These tones are symbolized through an acute accent, no accent, or grave accent on the tone-bearing unit. All three tones are lexical tones. However, the high tone only rarely appears on base lexemes but is often used as grammatical tone marking the mood of a clause, possession, location, or relativization. Frequent phonological processes in Abesabesi include vowel deletion, assimilation, and vowel harmony. A syllable can have the structure N (syllabic nasal) or (C)V(V)(C). Closed syllables only appear at the end of a word and are likely to have resulted from word final vowel deletion.

Vowels
Abesabesi exhibits seven oral and five nasal vowels. While an ATR distinction exists for the oral mid vowels (/o/ vs. /ɔ/ and /e/ vs. /ɛ/), nasal vowels do not differentiate +ATR from -ATR (/ɔ̃/ and /ɛ̃/).

Consonants
Abesabesi's consonant inventory consists of 29 consonants. While 20 of these consonants are frequently used in lexemes, nine only appear marginally (indicated in parentheses). Many of these marginal consonants are labialized equivalents of stops, nasals, and fricatives, such as //, //, and //. Agoyi treats these consonants as a result of deleted rounded vowels.
The phoneme /ʃ/ can be realized as [ʃ] or as the affricate [t͜ʃ].

See also
Akpes word lists (Wiktionary)

Further reading
Agoyi, Taiwo Ọpeyemi 1997. The category of number and the genetic classification of Èkiròmì. Seminar paper, University of Ilorin.
Ayoọla O.J. 1986. Aspects of the Phonology of Dája. BA long essay, University of Ilorin.
Blench, Roger. 2011. Comparative Akpes.
Ibrahim-Arirabiyi, Femi 1989. A comparative reconstruction of Akpes lects. MA thesis, Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages, University of Port Harcourt.
Lau, Jonas 2021. A Digital Reference Grammar of Abesabesi. Towards a data format for digital reference grammars. Doctoral Thesis, University of Cologne
Raji, B.T. 1986. Aspects of the phonology of Ikaramu. BA long essay, University of Ilorin.

References

External links
 Abesabesi language blog
 Collection Àbèsàbèsì - ELAR, SOAS, University of London
 Abesabesi language documentation and maintenance
 Akpes basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

Volta–Niger languages


The Ayere–Ahan languages are a pair of languages of southwestern Nigeria, Ayere and Àhàn (or Ahaan), that form an independent branch of the Volta–Niger languages. These languages are spoken in the border region of Kogi State and Ondo State, Nigeria.

The ASJP 4.0 classifies the Ayere–Ahan languages as most closely related to the Yoruboid languages.

Names and locations
Below is a list of Ayere–Ahan language names and locations from Blench (2019).

See also
Ayere-Ahan word lists (Wiktionary)

References

Blench, Roger. 2007. The Ayere and Ahan languages of Central Nigeria and their affinities.

Volta–Niger languages


Bandits in Milan (; also known as The Violent Four) is a 1968 Italian crime film directed by Carlo Lizzani. It was listed to compete at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival, but the festival was cancelled due to the events of May 1968 in France. It is the debut film of Agostina Belli. In 2008, the film was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage’s 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."

Production
Like director Carlo Lizzani's previous film Wake Up and Die is based on a real life event, specifically a bank robbery that went wrong in Milan on 25 September 1967.

Cast
 Gian Maria Volonté as Piero Cavallero
 Tomas Milian as Commissario Basevi
 Don Backy as Sante Notarnicola
 Ray Lovelock as Donato 'Tuccio' Lopez
 Ezio Sancrotti as Adriano Rovoletto 'Bartolini'
 Piero Mazzarella as Piva
 Laura Solari as Tuccio's Mother
 Peter Martell as The Protector
 Margaret Lee as Prostitute
 Carla Gravina as Anna
 Luigi Rossetti as Robber
 María Rosa Sclauzero as Piero's Secretary
 Ida Meda as Moglie di Piero
 Tota Ruta as Club Hitman
 Evi Rossi Scotti
 Gianni Bortolotti
 Agostina Belli as Ragazza in ostaggio
 Pupo De Luca as Uomo della 1100

Release
Bandits in Milan was released on 30 March 1968. It grossed just over ₤1.768 million in Italy.
As of 2013, the film has never been released on home video.

Notes

References

External links

1968 films
1968 crime films
1960s Italian-language films
Films set in 1967
Films directed by Carlo Lizzani
Films set in Milan
Police detective films
Poliziotteschi films
Films scored by Riz Ortolani
Films produced by Dino De Laurentiis
1960s Italian films