The Greater Anglia Route Utilisation Strategy is a Route Utilisation Strategy published by Network Rail in December 2007. It was the sixth RUS to be produced. The area covered includes the whole of Route 5 West Anglia (WA) and Route 7 Great Eastern (GE), which both focus for passenger purposes on London Liverpool Street, and the London Fenchurch Street services from Route 6. As with other RUSs, the Greater Anglia RUS took into account a number of responses, including the Office of Rail Regulation (ORR).

The routes and services covered by the RUS are varied in type. The key issues are peak crowding on inner suburban, outer suburban and some long-distance services, and the capacity of the routes to handle growing container freight traffic; however off-peak service gaps on main passenger routes are dealt with, and the routes also include a number of relatively lightly used services, though with some peak 'spikes'.

Like other strategies in this series, recommendations are divided into short-term (Control Period 3, CP3, the remaining 18 months to March 2009), medium-term (CP4, five years to March 2014), and long-term (CP5, thereafter). A summary of recommendations for each of the strategic routes (as described above) is also provided.

As with several other RUSs the chief solution recommended for peak crowding is to add cars to the trains, which in many cases will require platform extensions, or less commonly to provide additional services, which may require other infrastructural enhancements. The RUS also picks up from the Freight RUS the enhancements desired on the Ipswich-Peterborough freight route.

Recommendations

Short term
The short-term improvements are mainly minor enhancements to improve performance, but include the extension of the bay platform at Grays to accommodate 8-car trains.

Medium term (2009–14)
Thameside route: Minor infrastructure works and additional rolling stock to allow all main line peak-service trains to be extended progressively to 12-car formation; the extension of platforms on the Tilbury loop and Ockendon branch to handle 12 cars, to allow all main line peak-service trains to be extended progressively to 8 or 12-car formation.

Great Eastern route: All services to include a stop at Stratford, requiring a platform extension, to provide improved connectivity with TfL's system, to even out the peak flows, and release additional paths on the route; three additional trains per hour (tph) in each peak 3-hour period (12-car in the high peaks, 8 in the shoulder peaks), one from Colchester, one from Chelmsford, one from Southend; extending peak hour Southminster branch trains to 12-car; minor infrastructure works and replacement rolling stock in 5-car formation to provide more seats in the peak on the main line to Norwich; construction of a turnback facility at Chadwell Heath, to extend existing and additional morning peak services, and provide a regulating facility during times of disruption; power supply to be enhanced for some of these options.

West Anglia route: The extension of remaining non-compliant platforms on the Liverpool Street-Cambridge route and at Stansted Airport to handle 12 cars; the reinstatement of 9-car trains in the peaks on the Hertford East, Enfield Town, Cheshunt via Southbury and Chingford branch services, requiring a small amount of infrastructure; a shuttle service between Cheshunt and Seven Sisters, where a power-operated turnback would be provided, and where interchange with London Underground is available, should be introduced during the peaks; stabling and maintenance facilities for the larger, enhanced fleet; removal of the three level crossings between Tottenham Hale and Waltham Cross; power supply to be enhanced for some of these options and likely future requirements.

Freight Accommodating growth in freight traffic, predominantly containers from the Haven ports, mainly via the cross-country route to the ECML at Peterborough and the WCML at Nuneaton (for which W10 clearance works are in hand), but also via the paths remaining on the Great Eastern Main Line (GEML).

Cross-country passenger services There is an aspiration to provide hourly services on various cross country routes; the case for Ipswich-Peterborough is good, providing compatible timetabling with the freight service is possible; Ipswich-Lowestoft and Cambridge-Norwich would require infrastructure works and needs to be evaluated later, especially as passenger growth trends emerge.

Greater Anglia perspective Doubling of Haughley Junction (on the Cambridge-Stowmarket route), full commissioning of Ely West Curve, and accommodating Class 6 freight trains, all to improve performance.

Longer term (to 2019, and beyond)
Thameside route Continued lengthening of (mainly shoulder) peak trains to 12-car formation.

Great Eastern route Continued lengthening of (mainly shoulder) peak trains to 12-car formation; additional stabling facilities.

West Anglia Four-tracking of the route between Coppermill Junction (south of Tottenham Hale station) and Broxbourne junction, where the Cambridge/Stansted and Hertford East lines diverge; an additional tunnel and platform edge on the Stansted Airport branch; 1 additional tph serving Stansted; up to six peak time extra tph, including four into Stratford as a terminus; after Crossrail implementation (which releases GE paths between Liverpool Street and Stratford) extending these Stratford services to Liverpool Street, and diverting some Chingford services via a reinstated Hall Farm Curve and Stratford, in turn releasing paths between Hackney Downs and Bethnal Green.

Freight Accommodating further growth in freight traffic, including higher capacity in the Leicester area in line with scheduled resignalling.

Crossrail Within this timeframe the east-west London Crossrail project is scheduled to be opened; this will subsume GE inner suburban services at 10-car formation.

Combined effect through time by route
The benefit cost ratios of the recommendations over time is estimated as:
 Thameside route: 3.3
 Great Eastern route: 5.7
 West Anglia (with substantially higher investment costs): 2.7 (including wider economic benefits)

Subsequent developments
Grays bay platform extension authorised to completion.

Report by Passenger Watch on car parking restrictions.

NR CP4 Delivery Plan 2009
In March 2009 Network Rail published its CP4 Delivery Plan 2009, including Enhancements programme: statement of scope, outputs
and milestones, confirming several of the recommended interventions. Specific projects, with their reference and page numbers in the document, are given below:
 03.01 Felixstowe – Nuneaton freight capacity, p17
 15.02 Platform extensions to 12-car capability, Tilbury Loop and Ockendon Branch, p57
 15.03 Platform extensions to 12-car capability, West Anglia outer suburban, pp58–59 (including new Cambridge island platform)
 16.05 Route 5 power supply enhancements, pp83–84
 16.06 Route 6 power supply enhancements, p85
 16.07 Route 7 power supply enhancements, pp86–87
 17.03 Seven Sisters improved access, p92

References

Network Rail
Proposed transport infrastructure in the East of England


The 2009 FIA GT3 European Championship season was the fourth season of the FIA GT3 European Championship. The season began on 2 May at Silverstone and ended on 14 November 2009 at Zolder. The season featured six double-header rounds, with each race lasting for a duration of 60 minutes. Most of the events were support races to the 2009 FIA GT Championship season, the 2009 GT4 European Cup and the 2009 Lamborghini Super Trofeo.

Phoenix Racing pairing Christopher Haase and Christopher Mies claimed the overall title, with a fourth place in the final race of the season at Zolder. In the Teams Championship, Hexis Racing were champions ahead of Matech Racing and Team Rosberg.

Entries and drivers
Two new manufacturers join the FIA GT3 category in 2009. Audi, with their V10-powered R8 LMS, and Alpina's B6, based on the 6-Series. The Ford Mustang FR500GT3 does not return in 2009. Ferrari replaces its previous F430 GT3 with the new 430 Scuderia GT3, while Morgan's Aero 8 is replaced by the Aero Super Sport.

Also new for 2009 is an alteration in the structure of teams and manufacturers. Although manufacturers will still be allowed a maximum of six cars, teams are only limited to two cars. There is therefore a maximum of three teams which can campaign a single manufacturer. The manufacturers of Ascari, Dodge, Jaguar, Lamborghini, and Morgan will not be eligible for the Manufacturers Cup due to not supplying the minimum of four cars required to enter the Cup.

† – JMB Racing were allowed by the FIA to use a 2008 Ferrari F430 GT3 for their #14 entry at Silverstone due to not having a second 430 Scuderia GT3 prepared in time.

Schedule and results

Championships
Points are awarded to the top eight finishers in the order 10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1. Cars which failed to complete 75% of the winner's distance are awarded half the points awarded for completing the 75% race distance.

Drivers Championship

Teams Championship

Manufacturer Cups
The Manufacturer Cups are open to any manufacturer who supplies at two or more teams in the full season.  Points are awarded based on the driver's position within that manufacturer's class.

Aston Martin

Audi

BMW Alpina

Corvette

Ferrari

Ford

Porsche

References

External links
The official website of the FIA GT3 European Championship

GT3
FIA GT3
FIA GT3 European Championship


is a 2009 Japanese animated film by Production I.G. It is directed by Kanta Kamei and written by Reiko Yoshida, featuring the voice talents of Kōsuke Toriumi, Mamoru Miyano, Mai Nakahara, Rika Morinaga, and Eiji Takemoto. The film is the prequel to the Namco Tales Studio's role-playing game Tales of Vesperia and the first animated feature film in the Tales series. Tales of Vesperia: The First Strike revolves around the two knights, Yuri Lowell and Flynn Scifo, from the Niren Corps as they protect a town from monsters with their allies.

The project was led by Kenta Kamei who previously worked on the animated cutscenes from the Tales games. He expressed pressure due to First Strike being his debut as a director and also elaborated on how difficult was creating the storyboard. Yoshida was given the role of screenwriter in order to appeal to the female fanbase the series has always had. It was released in Japan on October 3, 2009, as a result of delays in production. Kadokawa Pictures distributed the film. It was released in North America on June 26, 2012, by Funimation Entertainment and in the United Kingdom on December 3, 2012, on DVD and Blu-ray by Manga Entertainment.

The film grossed a total of US$941,610 in Japan. Its home media release had positive sales in Japan, with the Blu-ray being one of the bestselling from the year it was released. Critical reception of the film has been generally positive for its accessibility to the non-gamers of Tales of Vesperia as well as the appeal of the main cast and the production value. Nevertheless, it has also attracted criticism for its slow pace.

Plot
Using a powerful substance known as aer, the people of Terca Lumireis live in an age of discovery and prosperity. The crystallized form of aer, Apatheia, is considered a potent energy source as it is essential to human life. Large amounts of Apatheia are being produced to protect towns from attacks by monsters and create barriers around towns. One day, in a forest near the town of Shizontania, Yuri Lowell and Flynn Scifo, two knights who have just joined the Niren Corps, together with two of their senior knights and fellow Corps members, Hisca and Chastel, are sent on a mission to investigate an abnormal gushing of aer in the area.

After their first assignment to help destroy a monster infestation near the town, Yuri, Flynn, Hisca, and Chastel meet the local guild leader, Merzhom Keida. Niren, the captain of the knights stationed in Shizontania, was once dedicated to following the letter of the rules and regulation of the knights. However, he attributes the death of his wife and daughter to this trait, saying that if he had defied orders, he might have been able to protect them. The knights' efforts to repel the monsters around the area prove to be in vain. Despite being called by Commandant Alexei to attend a formal gathering at the imperial capital of Zaphias, Niren sends Flynn in his stead to attend the gathering and to request aid in defending the town. Niren and Chastel leave in search of a "strange blastia expert" named Rita Mordio. Yuri and Hisca are left to care for Lambert, Niren's hound, and Repede, Lambert's son. Niren succeeds in finding Rita Mordio and obtaining a device with which to return the aer to normal. Commandant Alexei admonishes Flynn, and his request for reinforcements to hold Shizontonia is denied until the end of the gathering. Yuri and Hisca assist in defending the town against a strange monster made out of aer. While they successfully repel the invasion, the monster takes control of Lambert along with two other wardogs. As Lambert rages out of control, Yuri is forced to kill him to protect Hisca.

When Flynn returns from Zaphias, he and Yuri come to blows, as each believes the other had an effortless assignment. Meanwhile, a platoon of high-ranking knights from central is seen in the forest being slaughtered by monsters. One survives and flees to Shizontonia's front gate, where he delivers a report to an unseen individual in the city. Niren, upon receiving the news that reinforcements would not be arriving anytime soon, decides to take the knights to investigate the source of the aer, which he believes to be a fortress at the center of a nearby lake. Flynn disagrees with Niren's decision, viewing it as disobedience of a direct order.

Garista, the strategist for the Niren Corps, attempts to dissuade Niren but to no avail. The investigation in the fortress turns out to be more dangerous as the aer begins to turn the fortress into a living weapon to attack the knights. The knights make their way into the fortress' center, where a giant blastia is found to be using the aer. Niren uses the device given by Rita to stifle the gushing of aer, but the sudden ceasing of aer flow causes a backlash, and the blastia explodes, destroying the barrier blastia that keeps Shizontonia safe, knocking out Chastel and causing the fortress to begin to crumble. As Niren attempts to carry Chastel to safety, the floor beneath him crumbles. Niren is able to throw Chastel to Yuri and is stranded in a sinkhole of gushing aer. Despite Yuri's attempts to save him, due to a wound he received during the investigation, Niren is unable to pull himself to safety. Leaving his blastia with Yuri, Niren has the knights leave without him.

The knights and the entire town mourn over Niren's death. Flynn realizes that the blastia used in the fortress where the aer abnormality originated, along with the piece he spotted on the floor, were a specialized type used only by Garista. Yuri and Flynn confront Garista with this information. Garista reveals that he attempted to create a new kind of blastia illegally but failed. He decided to leave the blastia to destroy itself, destroying Shizontonia and killing all witnesses. Yuri and Flynn attempt to arrest Garista, but a fight ensues, and Yuri kills him. In the aftermath, Shizontonia is evacuated due to the failure of the barrier blastia. Yuri leaves the knights, taking Niren's blastia as a keepsake and bringing Repede along with him, saying his goodbyes to everyone in the town. Flynn sees him off at the gates, and the two share a fond farewell, swearing to meet again.

Voice Cast

Development
Tales of Vesperia: The First Strike was officially announced in early 2009 with the staff confirming the return of Kousuke Toriumi and Mamoru Miyano as the protagonists. Production of the movie started when Tales of Vesperia was still in plot stage. The team discarded the idea of making an adaptation of the game due to its large length. The team was also against making a sequel or a sidestory due to the required time-consuming character introductions that would make it required to play the game to enjoy. Director Kenta Kamei wanted a movie that anybody would enjoy. As a result, it was decided to make it a prequel as they could explore Yuri and Flynn's background. Kamei was originally involved in the movie parts of the Tales series. When he was assigned as the movie's director, he recalls feeling "honoured, surprised and a bit nervous at the same time".

The First Strike was Kamei's first movie, and he wanted to rely on an experienced screenwriter. He eventually requested Reiko Yoshida's help as the Tales series had a strong female fanbase and thus needed "feminine sensitiveness" in designing the script. The film uses 2D and computer-generated animation. The director was  demanding with the 3DCG director, and he relied on a very skilled team. He started from the director of photography, Kazuhiro Yamada, who he personally insisted to join the production. Kamei elaborated on how blending hand-drawn animation and CGI was one of the most difficult and time-consuming tasks. As a result, especially in the opening scene, the film had hand-drawn characters running on a 3D background. It took a while before he could get the result he was aiming for. The plot took two years and a half to produce. Originally, there were plans to release the movie before the game, but a delay in the schedule resulted in Vesperia being released first. Kamei believes that this was due to how demanding he was.

Much of the plot was affected by Yuri and Flynn's youth. Niren Fedrok was created to serve as a mentor figure as well as the possible future of the two's careers. Since Yuri was surer of his interest, the coming-of-age story was more focused on Flynn. This is meant to act as a counterpart to the video game, where not much of Flynn's past and his weaknesses are exposed. The friendship between Yuri and Flynn was seen as "priceless" by Kamei due to the mutual respect they share as well as the occasion each gets angry.

The storyboard took six months to complete. Kamei struggled with several difficulties as he was under pressure due to how it would influence the entire film. The climax of the film also proved difficult to make. He also noted how the first scene had the challenge of attracting the audience's attention. Kamei's favorite scene is when Yuri looks up at the sky of Shizontania the night before the knights' expedition to the old ruins. It meant to emphasize the importance of Yuri's decision in regards to his future.

Music

The music of the film was composed by Akira Senju. According to Elliot from Japanator Senju "brings an orchestral sound that really elevates the film in a way that veteran Tales series composer Motoi Sakuraba seems to struggle with these day". The source game's theme song,  by Bonnie Pink, was reused as the movie's theme song. A 27-track original soundtrack, , was released by Lantis on October 21, 2009.

Release
On October 3, 2009, Tales of Vesperia: The First Strike debuted in Japan's box office in seventh place with US$230,917. It grossed a total of US$941,610 in Japan and US$4,351 in Taiwan for a total of US$945,961. It was released on home media on May 28, 2010, in Japan. It was released on three different formats: DVD, Blu-ray Disc, and Universal Media Disc. In its first week of release, the DVD sold 14,314 units, while the Blu-ray ranked second in the charts. In 2010, the Blu-ray sold a total of 36,059 units.

Funimation Entertainment announced in April 2011 that they would release the movie in 2012 on Blu-ray and DVD in North America. The movie was released on June 26, 2012. In June 2011, Madman Entertainment announced they also licensed the film for an Australian release. In the United Kingdom, the film was released in December 2012 by U.K. Anime Industry. The film debuted in the sixth International Animation Film Festival of Cordoba feature film competition section.

Critical reaction
Critical reception to the film has generally been positive. Rebecca Silverman of Anime News Network gave the film a positive review. Despite criticizing the film's pace, she said that "It may still appeal primarily to fans of the game, but for those who enjoy a heroic fantasy tale, this is one worth checking out." Elliot Gay from Japanator praised the development of its cast and agreed with Frith in regards to the film's accessibility. He gave the film a "Great" 8 out of 10 calling it "A well executed film that defines its genre without resorting to cliches". John Rose from the Fandom Post praised both Yuri and Flynn's characters as "neither character is simply some cardboard cutout incapable of growth or prevented from having another aspect to their personality and it is in these moments where the characters are able to show off their differences and complexities that the two really shine." He also called the film "a fantastically animated feature that may also be one of the best adaptations of an RPG world that has been created in a different medium". Carly Frith from EGMNow gave it a 9 out of 10 praising its accessibility and the work from the English voice cast. He said "The story is good and absorbing with only a few times when it feels like it’s tripping up" criticizing some aspects that felt poorly translated from the video game.

The film also attracted criticism. UK Anime Network's Andy Hanley stated "It has potential in its characters and concept, but does very little with them over the course of this film to make for a disappointly mediocre movie." Similar to Silverman, Jeffrey Kauffman from Blu-ray.com noted that the film had a slow pace in developing Yuri and Flynn's relationship. He gave high praise to the animation used in the story. He criticized its supporting cast as he believes "Tales of Vesperia: The First Strike is a standalone offering, or at least one that might have done better had it focused solely on Yuri and Flynn and left the rest of the 'cast of thousands' far in the background." Gay was saddened by the lack of appearances from the side characters such as Siren, Hisca, and Chastel.

The production value has been met with positive critical response. Silverman praised the film's animation, stating that "the movie is gorgeous, and not just for theatrical animation." Silverman also praised the cast, most notably Yuri's voice actors. EGMnow also gave high praise to the animation calling it "beautiful and rich" and said "It is top-of-the-line in artwork, artistic style and coloring. The action sequences, though reminiscent of the game, are not repetitive nor silly. This is a very serious movie and it was treated as such." The Fandom Post agreed saying "the feature has some absolutely stunning visuals which create lush and vibrant environments for the characters to live in which adds a wonderful polish to the work." Similar praise was given by Jeffrey Kauffman from Blu-ray.com. Andy Hanley praised the distinctive character designs despite criticizing some aspects from the fight scenes.

References

External links
Official website

2009 films
2009 anime films
Anime films based on video games
Films based on role-playing video games
Funimation
2000s Japanese-language films
Japanese animated films
Production I.G
Tales (video game series)
Works based on Bandai Namco video games


The United States Department of Energy's State Energy Program (SEP) provides grants to states and directs funding to state energy offices from technology programs in Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. States use grants to address their energy priorities and program funding to adopt emerging renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. Started in 2010, the program "is the only program administered by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that provides cost-shared resources directly to the states for allocation by the governor-designated State Energy Office for use in energy efficiency and clean energy innovation, development, and demonstration activities.”

 The State Energy Program $3 billion funding will be used to provide rebates to consumers for home energy audits or other energy-saving improvements; to develop renewable energy; to promote Energy Star products; to upgrade the energy efficiency of state and local government buildings; and other innovative state efforts to help families save money on their energy bills. The energy efficiency upgrades are to be available for families making up to 200% of the federal poverty level.

Program History
Originally the State Energy Conservation Program, the State Energy programs implementation was a result of the early 1970s energy crisis. The crisis brought attention to the United States’ dependence on foreign oil. As a result, new legislation was created to establish conservation programs and promote energy efficiency.

Legislation that formed SEP framework:

 The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (P.L. 94-163)
 The Energy Conservation and Production Act of 1976 (P.L. 94–385)
 The Warner Amendment of 1983 (P.L. 95-105)
 The State Energy Efficiency Programs Improvement Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-440)
 The Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 1992 (P.L. 102-486)
 The State Energy Efficiency Programs Improvement Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-440)
 The Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 1992 (P.L. 102-486)

Mission
The State Energy Program’s main purpose is to provide funding and technical assistance to states, territories, and the District of Columbia. Each department’s main goals are to increase energy efficiency while reducing energy costs and waste; as well as to achieve energy security, resiliency, and emergency preparedness plans. Promoting economic growth along with improved environmental quality rounds out the department's goals.

That State Energy program has provided states with $300 million in financial assistance since 2010. This financial support has led to
The Installation of more tax 60,000 renewable energy systems.
Energy efficiency upgrades in 20,000 buildings that have led to reduced energy waste.
Education of more than 2 million people in performing energy audits and upgrades.
The State Energy Program has created a space to help state and local governments create partnerships with energy efficiency and renewable energy resources. The resources are meant to develop financing mechanisms for institutional programs.
Such As:
 Loan Program and Management
 Energy Saving Performance Contracting
 Transportation programs
 Residential programs for Homeowners

Prominent Staff

* Dan Brouillette

Secretary of Energy

* Mark Menezes

Deputy Secretary of Energy:  Department’s principal advisor on energy policy of existing and emerging energy technologies.

* Paul Dabbar

Under Secretary for Science: Department’s principal advisor on fundamental energy research, energy technologies, and science.

* Lisa E. Gordon- Hagarty

Under Secretary for Nuclear Security and Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration: Responsible for the management and operations of NNSA (National Nuclear Security Administration) in support of the President’s nuclear security agenda.

Officials from the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

 Daniel R Simmons
Assistant Secretary: Leader of EERE’s work to advance the organization’s mission.

 Zachery Michael
Chief of Staff: Leader of strategic planning as well as policy and communications for the organization.

 David Solan
Deputy Assistant for Renewable Power: Director of the organization’s research and development for the geothermal, solar energy, wind, and water technology offices.

 Alex Fitzsimmons
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency: Leader of advancing manufacturing building technologies, federal energy management, low-income weatherization, and intergovernmental partnerships.

 Bindu Jacob
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Operations and Strategic Innovation: Director of the organization’s business operations including budget, IT, project management, strategic programs, the laboratory policy group, and workforce management.

Programs
All 56 states, territories, and the District of Columbia receive funding and technical assistance from the State Energy Program. (The following programs are a selection of programs and not a completed list.)

Alabama
The Energy Division of the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs utilizes SEP funds to increase energy efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and promote market acceptance and deployment of energy-efficiency and renewable energy technologies throughout the state.

As of 2012 five loans have been executed: one to a yarn plant to install energy efficiency equipment in its manufacturing facilities expected to cut utility costs by 15%; another to fund improvements in a paper company’s headquarters and sawmill operations and cut utility costs by 25% and 12%, respectively; another loan is being used to purchase and install energy efficient equipment in 118 K-12 schools with expected savings to surpass $1 million a year; Retrofits in Alabama Department of Corrections facilities are also being funded; Automotive Industrial Efficiency Program is working to help automotive supply chain companies to reduce energy consumption.

Alabama has received $7 million from the SEP since 2010. The funds have been used to create and retain 500 jobs. Over 6 million square feet of building space has been retrofitted in over 100 buildings. More than 20,000 people were newly trained in energy efficiency installations.

Alaska
Alaska has received $4 million from the SEP, helping them create 300 jobs and train 5,300 people in energy efficiency installations.

The Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) administers SEP-funded projects. In 2010 a $250 million revolving loan fund to support energy upgrades in public facilities was developed with a goal of increasing per capita energy efficiency by 15% by 2020. The AEA is also working to replace a total of eleven school buses with electric vehicles.

California
The California Energy Commission was created in 1974 and uses SEP funds to support its Appliance Efficiency Program. In the past ten years, California has received $26.2 million from the SEP. Approximately 1,800 jobs have been created or retained and 6,250 people have been trained in energy efficiency installations.

Appliance efficiency regulations have been adopted to replace computers and computer monitors, portable electric spas, light emitting diode (LED) and small diameter directional lamps, portable air conditioners, commercial and industrial air compressors, and spray sprinkler bodies with efficient versions. The replacement of theses products is set to save more than 6,800 GWh of electricity and over 150 billion gallons of water annually as well as cutting utility bill costs by approximately $2 billion per year.

District of Columbia
$2.8 million from the SEP have been designated to the District of Columbia. SEP funds are used by the Energy Office to benchmark energy use in libraries, schools, police stations, administrative offices, and other public buildings. As a result of these audits, retrofits in buildings were funded by the SEP.  A 875,000 square foot government building at One Judiciary Square that houses 20 government agencies was one building that was retrofitted.

As part of the Better Buildings Challenge, Challenge partners in the District of Columbia saved over 72 trillion Btus of energy, $686 million, and 1.49 billion gallons of water in seven years.

Florida
SEP funds are designated by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Since the program's start, Florida has received $13.6 million from the SEP helping to fund the creation of almost 1,000 jobs, the retrofitting of over 115,000 square feet of building space, and the training in energy efficiency installations of more than 500 people.

The Energy Efficient Retrofits for Public Facilities had $950,000 in SEP funds invested in it in 2014. This funding was awarded to 18 eligible local governments and nonprofit organizations to make energy efficient retrofits. Florida is also working to map the energy landscape at water and wastewater treatment facilities to gather data for the state in order to develop energy-saving programs in that sector.

Guam
Since 2010, the Guam Energy Office has used $2.1 million in SEP funds to create and retain 140 jobs and train over 11,000 people in energy efficiency installations. Guam uses funds to promote energy conservation and efficiency in support of outreach and education strategies. Guam also has a poster and essay college for students K-12 as part of education and outreach activities. In 2018 the theme was "Energy efficiency for a sustainable future."

Idaho
The Idaho Governor's Office of Energy and Mineral Resources has used SEP funds in the past ten years to create and retain 260 jobs and retrofit 7,700 feet of building space. Through the state's Government Leading by Example Program Idaho supports rural communities with energy-related resources and opportunities. Idaho has provided financial assistance to find beneficial energy upgrades to 39 local government buildings since 2014.

Iowa
Since 2010 Iowa has received $6.4 million from the SEP to help create and retain 460 jobs and train more than 2,300 people in energy efficiency installations. The Iowa Energy Office designates SEP funding. In 2016 the state of Iowa finished a state energy plan "to encourage growth in all of Iowa's energy sectors while emphasizing sustainable practices, economic development throughout the state, and support for research and development required to reach Iowa's goal of being on the leading edge of energy innovation." The plan includes initiatives such as the Iowa Biomass Conversion Action Plan and the Iowa Energy Storage Action Plan.

The Iowa Public Building Benchmarking Program allows users of the online benchmarking tool to identify buildings that are consuming more or less energy than expected and compare it to both different years and similar buildings. Once organizations identify buildings most in need of energy improvements, investments can be made to towards energy efficiency.

Iowa is ranked second nationally in wind produced energy with 2,5000 turbines across the state. The SEP provided funds that supported wind development which includes training and curriculum development. The SEP also supported a 2.5 megawatt turbine project for Kirkwood Community College.

New York
New York has received $23.4 million from the SEP which has helped to create and retain over 1,600 jobs, retrofit more than 5 million square feet of building space, and train approximately 10,000 people in energy efficiency installations since 2010. In 2018 the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority was awarded an $18.5 million grant to lead the National Offshore Wind Research and Development Consortium. The goals of the consortium include supporting innovations in wind plant design, developing methods for wind power resource and site characterization, and exploring technological solutions for operations, maintenance, and supply chain development.

In 2019, a plan was announced to promote energy storage in the state. The plan is estimated to help cut back on 1.5 gigawatts by 2025 and 2.0 gigawatts by 2030. The energy storage roadmap identifies near-term policies, regulations, and initiatives to help achieve the storage goals.

New York, along with Minnesota, Maryland, and the District of Columbia, worked to develop the Utility Energy Registry with Climate Action Associates. The platform allows access to energy demographics for the public to encourage state and local government's clean energy planning. The goal is to create a model that is replicable and nationally applicable to allow communities to make policies and progress in energy efficiency.

Puerto Rico
In ten years, Puerto Rico has received $4.7 million from the SEP. This money has gone towards creating and retaining more than 300 jobs, retrofitting over 64,000 square feet of building space, and training over 4,500 people in energy efficiency installations. Puerto Rico places a focus on promoting public awareness of conservation and energy efficiency efforts. Education efforts are made through social media, seminars, workshops, and trainings. Partnerships with schools are also utilized for education.

As of 2012, under the Building Energy Efficiency Retrofit program, nearly 70 businesses have been retrofitted saving a total of $7.2 million and the Traffic Signal Retrofit Program has replaced inefficient traffic lights with 7.875 watt LED lamps that save approximately 4,549,282 kWh and over $1 million annually.

Tennessee
Tennessee has received $9.1 million from the SEP since 2010. These funds have helped create and retain almost 700 jobs and train over 280,000 people in energy efficiency installations.

The Climate Registry and National Association of State Energy Officials along with Tennessee and five other states, created the framework for a National Energy Efficiency Registry. The platform is to collect data on savings associated with energy efficiency projects.

Tennessee adopted energy efficiency improvements in wastewater and water treatment facilities. Outdoor lighting projects were also included within chosen facilities. Along with Alabama, the changes made in Tennessee contribute to approximately 18 million saved kilowatt hours of energy annually and $1.6 million saved in annual energy costs.

Impact
The State Energy Program partners with state and territory energy offices to collect annual benefits that come from the financial and technical assistance the program gives to states. States use SEP funding as a base then grow through the addition of their own funds or private sector investments.

A 2015 study by Oak Ridge National Laboratory found that for every dollar yielded to the State Energy Program by the federal government, it saved $4.50 in reduced energy bills. Other outcomes included "energy savings and renewable energy generation, bill savings, cost effectiveness, job creation, and carbon emissions reductions and avoided social costs associated with climate change." The study estimates total SEP-Attributable Energy Savings and SEP-Attributable Renewable generation from 2009-2050 to be approximately . 135,493 jobs are estimated to be created from 2009-2050 based on $1.9 billion in funding. Avoided carbon emissions from energy savings and renewable generation are 42.36 and 121.78 Million metric tons of carbon equivalent (MMTCE), respectively. The avoided social costs from energy savings and renewable generation are $3,057,196 and $8,854,015, respectively. From 2009-2050, in 2009 dollars, bill savings are estimated to be $7.8 billion in total.

Recognition

The United States’ State Energy Program has received its recognition by providing vital technical assistance to states and territories in order to spread awareness and maximize the benefits of energy efficiency throughout the nation. The State Energy Program has been around for decades, developing its knowledge and expertise on how local and state governments can create new partnerships with supporting companies, while discovering new renewable resources to do so. As far as financing goes, this concept has allowed the State Energy Program to construct a financing plan for institutional retrofit programs; loan program and management; energy savings performance contracting; comprehensive residential programs for homeowners; transportation programs that accelerate use of alternative fuels; and renewable programs that remove barriers and support supply side and distributed renewable energy. Although this program was established in the late 70s, it is still not acknowledged by many states throughout the country due to poor environmental education.

See also
 Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
United States Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy
Climate Change
Renewable Energy
Solar Energy

References

United States Department of Energy
Renewable energy in the United States


Rotterdam Panda's was a professional ice hockey team in Rotterdam, Netherlands. They played in the Dutch Eredivisie, the highest-level hockey division in the Netherlands. Home games were played at the Weena-ijshal, a (now-closed) arena near Rotterdam Central train station.

History

Ice hockey had been played in Rotterdam since the 1950s. The Rotterdam Panda's team played six seasons in the Eredivisie, winning its first national championship during its first season. It attracted several players from other teams in the Eredivisie, especially Nijmegen.

The team sported a green and white jersey with the logo of the World Wildlife Fund panda as a crest.

Securing a home arena was a major problem for the Panda's. The Weena-ijshal shut its doors in 1993. Since then, there has been no commitment to build a new ice hockey arena in Rotterdam, despite discussions as lately as 2007.

Season results

Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, T = Ties, L = Losses, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, Pts = Points

Notable players
Ron Berteling
Henk Hille
Mari Saris
Alexander Schaafsma
Sean Simpson
Ben Tijnagel
Harrie van Heumen
Bill Wensink

Championships

Dutch National Championship

3 times: 1986–87; 1988–89; 1989–90

References

External links
 1986 Team photo with player and staff names (Dutch)
 Netherlands Ice Hockey Federation history (Dutch)

Ice hockey teams in the Netherlands
Ice hockey clubs established in 1986
Sports clubs and teams in Rotterdam


Morpho hercules, the Hercules morpho, is a Neotropical butterfly found in Brazil and Paraguay.

Description
Upper surface grey green. Forewing with two rows of submarginal yellow dots, of which the proximal are considerably broader than the antemarginal. Patch before the apex of the cell narrow, dark green, subobsolete. Cell black green. Discal area glossy dark green. Distal border broad, deep black. Base of the forewing dark, of the hindwing somewhat lighter sea green.

Under surface: forewing bearing two very large rounded ocelli between the medians and two much smaller ones between the upper radial and the upper median. The proximal median spots narrow, irregular. Discal spot black. Cell with two very broad white longitudinal bands, posteriorly confluent. Hindwing predominantly red brown with a silver-white median band about 3 mm in breadth. There are three anal ocelli with black irises.

Biology
The larva feeds on Musaceae and Menispermaceae (Abuta selloana).

Etymology
It is named for the mythological hero Hercules.

References
Le Moult (E.) & Réal (P.), 1962-1963. Les Morpho d'Amérique du Sud et Centrale, Editions du cabinet entomologique E. Le Moult, Paris.
Paul Smart, 1976 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World in Color. London, Salamander: Encyclopedie des papillons. Lausanne, Elsevier Sequoia (French language edition)  page 231 fig.3 underside (Brazil)

External links
"Morpho Fabricius, 1807" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms with taxonomy and subspecies
Butterflies of America Images of type and other specimens.

hercules
Nymphalidae of South America
Butterflies described in 1823
Fauna of Brazil


Churchill Julius (15 October 1847 – 1 September 1938) was an Anglican cleric in England, then in Australia and New Zealand, becoming the first Archbishop of New Zealand.

Biography

Julius was born at Richmond, London in 1847. He was educated at King's College London and Worcester College, Oxford, where he graduated BA in 1869 and MA in 1871. He was ordained a deacon in 1871 and priest in 1872.  He was Curate, firstly at St Giles' Church, Norwich (1871) and subsequently at St. Michael's, South Brent, Somerset (subsequently renamed "Brent Knoll" to avoid confusion with the village of the same name in Devonshire). Julius then became Vicar at St. Mary's, Shapwick, Somerset, a post retained until 1878 and following which he was appointed to the cure of Holy Trinity, Islington. In 1884 he left England for Australia to become Archdeacon for the diocese of Ballarat, Victoria, a post he held until 1890.

In 1889 he was nominated to the Diocese of Christchurch, New Zealand, and became the second Bishop of Christchurch in 1890. He was active in completing the Christchurch Cathedral, and in support for education, which is remembered in the Bishop Julius Hostel for women students. In 1922, he was made the first Primate and Archbishop of New Zealand. He retired in 1925.

Personal

Churchill Julius was born in Richmond Palace, Surrey, England in 1847, one of two sons born to Dr Frederic Gilder Julius (the President of the Church Association and whose father had been doctor to King William IV) and Ellen Hannah Smith. He died in Christchurch, New Zealand in 1938. He married Alice Rowlandson in 1873; they had five daughters (two of whom, Ella and Bertha, married two brothers, Arthur and Percy of the Elworthy family) and two sons; Awdry who went into the Church in New Zealand (he became Archdeacon of Timaru) and George. George (later Dr Sir George Julius) became a distinguished engineer and prolific inventor of, inter alia, the Totalisator (for racecourse betting) who spent the bulk of his life in Australia.

Julius died on 1 September 1938 and was buried at Linwood Cemetery two days later.

References

External links

 Churchill Julius in 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
 George Julius family history

1847 births
1938 deaths
Alumni of King's College London
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
19th-century English Anglican priests
Australian Anglican priests
English emigrants to Australia
Anglican bishops of Christchurch
Primates of New Zealand
English emigrants to New Zealand
19th-century Anglican bishops in New Zealand
20th-century Anglican bishops in New Zealand
20th-century Anglican archbishops
Burials at Linwood Cemetery, Christchurch
New Zealand Christian socialists
Anglican socialists
Churchill
Elworthy family


K.V. Thiruvengadam FRCPE is an Indian physician and medical teacher, and the son of Krishna  Varadachari.

He graduated from the Stanley Medical College in Chennai (Madras) in 1950. He was the recipient of the Padma Shri award (1981) for his contributions in the medical field. During his academic career, Thiruvengadam was declared the best outgoing medical student of the Stanley Medical College and the University of Madras in 1950. He was awarded a number of prizes and medals including the Government Gold Medal of the Stanley Medical College, and the Raja of Panagal Medal for the best outgoing medical student of the University of Madras.

Thiruvengadam served for 31 years in the Madras Medical Service as a medical teacher. He has undergone training in chest diseases under The Colombo Plan in Brompton Hospital, London and the MRC Unit at Cardiff, from 1958 to 1959. He has been recognized as a medical teacher by the Medical Council of India, with the Dr. B. C. Roy Award for eminent medical teacher, and he has been regent for the International College of Chest Physicians for India. His services as a medical teacher have been recognized with distinguished service awards by the Ramachandra Medical College, and by the Diabetic Association of India. The National Board of Examination honoured him for his services as a medical teacher in 2000. The Indian Chest Society awarded Thiruvengadam the "Distinguished Chest Physician" award. He is also a recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award of Madras Neuro Trust.

He has been on the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Indian Council of Medical Research, the Indian Pharmacopoeia Committee, the Board of Studies of the Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, and other institutions. As the chief of the Medicinal Chemistry Research unit of the Madras Medical College, he and his colleagues have conducted studies on indigenous medicines, especially Ayurvedic preparations. He has given a number of endowment orations, and has a large number of publications to his credit, particularly in chest diseases. He has been Chairman of a session on Antibiotics at Geneva in 1970 under the auspices of the International College of Chest Physicians.

DThiruvengadam has been a physician, in consultation practice in internal medicine, chest diseases, asthma and allergies for nearly 45 years. He is the recipient of the "For the sake of Honour" award of the Rotary Club of Madras, the "Vocational Excellence Award" of the Rotary Club of Madras Marina  and "The cathedral Excellence" award of the Lions Club, for his academic work. He was elected Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1982, and Fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences in 1972. He received the Star of Stanley Award as a distinguished alumnus and teacher of Stanley Medical College in 2001. The MGR Medical University awarded him the Honorary Doctorate of Sciences in 1996. Dr. K.V. Thiruvengadam was also a student of K.S. Sanjivi, founder of the Voluntary Health Services (VHS).

References

20th-century Indian medical doctors
Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine
Living people
Educators from Tamil Nadu
Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences
Year of birth missing (living people)


The Battle of Cabala was fought in Sicily between Carthage and Syracuse.  Syracuse was victorious.

It is uncertain in what year it was fought and could have occurred in any year from 378 BCE to 375 BCE.  The exact location of Cabala is also unknown.

Dionysius I commanded the Syracusian forces while Mago commanded the Carthaginians.  Diodorus states that Mago was killed and the Carthaginians lost 10,000 dead and a further 5000 were taken prisoners.

Notes

Cabala Battle of
370s BC
370s BC conflicts


Skulduggery Pleasant: The Faceless Ones is young adult and fantasy novel written by Irish playwright Derek Landy, published in April 2009. It is the third of the Skulduggery Pleasant series and sequel to Skulduggery Pleasant: Playing with Fire.

The story follows the sorcerers and detectives Valkyrie Cain and Skulduggery Pleasant and numerous magic-wielding allies as they try to prevent Batu and the Diablerie from using the remains of the Grotesquery and the last teleporter to return the Faceless Ones to the world. The book would not see release in the US and Canada until 2018. HarperCollins Audio also publishes the unabridged CD sets of the books read by Rupert Degas.

Plot summary

Characters

Valkyrie Cain

Skulduggery Pleasant

Batu
Batu, also known as Patrick "Paddy" Hanratty, is the mysterious force behind releasing the Faceless Ones.

Fletcher Renn
Fletcher Renn is a 17-year-old London kid and the last teleporter. He is the last of his kind and suddenly everyone is after him. He is smug, annoying, and big-headed, and if the Diablerie doesn't get to him, Valkyrie might very well strangle him anyway.

Kenspeckle Grouse
Kenspeckle Grouse, described as a cranky old man, is a doctor who fixes Skulduggery's and Valkyrie's injuries and continually lectures them both about Skulduggery's decision to train Valkyrie. Despite his disapproval, he has a soft spot for Valkyrie, strongly expressing his dislike for Skulduggery in his presence.

The Diablerie
The Diablerie was Mevolent's most ruthless group devoted to bringing the Faceless Ones back, the final active three members of which ally themselves with Batu to achieve their goal.

Reviews

Skulduggery Pleasant: The Faceless Ones has opened to largely positive reviews by critics.

 Sarah Webb (The Independent):
 Full of brilliantly named and larger than life characters -- from Solomon Wreath to Ghastly Bespoke and Finbar Wrong -- the reader is caught up in the excitement and drama of every scene[;] Landy's dialogue crackles with authenticity and wit.
 Fergus Gunn (The Guardian):
 If you enjoy battles of magic and humour popping up and making you laugh, this is just the book for you.

References

External links

Skulduggery Pleasant UK, Australia and New Zealand Official Website
Skulduggery Pleasant US and Canada Official Website

2009 Irish novels
Irish fantasy novels
Skulduggery Pleasant books
HarperCollins books
2009 children's books


The Flamingoes was a 19th-century rugby football club that was notable for being one of the twenty-one founding members of the Rugby Football Union.

History
The Flamingoes were founded in 1866 and played in Battersea Park. In the first season (1866–67), along with the other Hospitals, West Kent, and Clapham Rovers they were already deemed a major fixture for the St Mary's Hospital RFC.

The team were still deemed one of the major teams in London in 1879 as listed by Charles Dickens Jr in his Dictionary of London.

Amongst their many notable fixtures were the Wasps and the Harlequins as well as many teams who were prominent at the time including the Royal School of Mines although by 1877 the club was showing signs of having poor attendance.

Foundation of the RFU
On 26 January 1871, 32 members representing twenty-one London and suburban football clubs that followed Rugby School rules (Wasps were invited but failed to attend) assembled at the Pall Mall Restaurant in Regent Street. E.C. Holmes, captain of the Richmond Club assumed the presidency. It was resolved unanimously that the formation of a Rugby Football Society was desirable and thus the Rugby Football Union was formed. A president, a secretary and treasurer, and a committee of thirteen were elected, to whom was entrusted the drawing-up of the laws of the game upon the basis of the code in use at Rugby School. F. Hartley represented The Flamingoes was one of the thirteen original committee members.

Later years
The club disbanded in 1877, with many of its players joining the Harlequin Football Club.

Notable players
Despite their early foundation and close association with the foundation of the RFU, the Flamingoes did not produce an international player.

References

Defunct rugby union teams in England
Rugby clubs established in 1866
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1877
Rugby union clubs in London
1866 establishments in England
1877 disestablishments in England


Hari Naroomal Harilela,  (10 August 1922 – 29 December 2014) was a Hong Kong Indian businessman, hotelier and philanthropist and the founder and chairman of the Harilela Group. The group runs businesses ranging from hotel and real estate investment to import and export trading. He was often dubbed the richest Indian in Hong Kong.

Background
Hari Harilela was born in Hyderabad, British India in 1922. His father Naroomal Lilaram Mirchandani (later renamed Naraindas Harilela) was the first of the family to venture to Hong Kong and Canton in search of his fortune and opened an antique shop there. Later, on receiving the news that his mother was very ill in Sindh, he rushed to India and was devastated to learn that his mother had just died upon his return. His family, without waiting for him, had already cremated her. Deeply hurt, he renounced the family name of Mirchandani and created his own surname by joining the names of his parents, Haribai and Lelaram. Thus was born the name Harilela.

Harilela moved to Canton with his mother and two brothers in 1930 to join his father, at the time his father owned various buildings and homes throughout China until repercussions of the Great Depression greatly damaged his business. The family once again found financial success selling fair-priced and high quality textile products to British soldiers during the Second World War.

Business career
Harilela began a tailoring business in Hong Kong, opening a clothing and tailoring shop and then pioneered the idea of supplying custom-made suits by mail order. During his early life, he would act as mediator to settle disputes between Indian families. In 1959, Harilela realised the mail order boom is a temporary phase. So he diversified into real estate and moved into the hotel business, starting the Harilela Group with his brothers George and Peter in 1959.

By 2014, the group owns 19 major hotels in Hong Kong, including the Holiday Inn Golden Mile and the Intercontinental Grand Stanford, both in Kowloon, as well as various others across Asia, two in Canada and one in London. The Harilela Group of hotels in the Asia-Pacific region includes properties in Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Penang, Bangkok and Sydney.

In 2012, Harilela stepped down as chairman but remained the honorary chairman until his death. Harilela's son Aron replaced him as the group's chairman.

Public services
Harilela was highly regarded in the local Indian community. He had a great voice in the government on numerous ethnic minority issues and colonial governors and chief executives consulted Harilela. Harilela was also close friends with two former Chief Executives, Tung Chee-hwa and Donald Tsang Yam-kuen.

He was appointed member of the Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee in 1985 and later appointed Hong Kong Affairs Advisor to the Government of the People's Republic of China in the 1990s. He was the Honorary Consul of Niger in Hong Kong until 2012.

He was member of the Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce, the most influential business chamber in the territory, Through the chamber he was elected the Hong Kong SAR Election Committee from 1996 to 2006 for the Commercial (First) sector, which was responsible for electing the Chief Executive of Hong Kong. He was also adviser of the Business and Professionals Federation of Hong Kong.

Harilela was also a Life Regent at Pepperdine University in the United States, and was an Honorary Court Member of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.

Philanthropy
The Padma & Hari Harilela Lecture Theatres, with seating capacities of 250 and 150 respectively, were named in honour of the Harilelas in recognition of a HK$5 million donation to the Hong Kong Baptist University.

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology receives HK$5M donation from Dr Hari N Harilela to Enhance Teaching & Research Excellence. The lecture hall C (LT-C) was named "The Padma & Hari Harilela Lecture Theatres" in honour of the donation.

Family and personal life
Harilela was the patriarch of the Harilela family with about 80 members. The family lives in a 40-bedroom mansion in Kowloon Tong, with the next generation living in a connecting house.

He was member of the Hong Kong Jockey Club.

Harilela died early morning on 29 December 2014 at his Kowloon Tong home surrounded by family at the age of 92. He is surrounded by his wife Padma, son Aron, daughters Nina, Anita and Shakun. More than 100 members of his extended family, including his two surviving brothers and one sister live in the Kowloon Tong mansion.

Honours
He was made Justice of the Peace in 1963 and was awarded the Officer of the Order of the British Empire. He received the Gold Bauhinia Star in 2000 and the Grand Bauhinia Medal in 2009.

He was also a recipient of the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman from the Government of India. Harilela won a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 4th Annual Asia Pacific Hotel Industry Investment Conference on 27 March 2001.

See also
 Indians in Hong Kong

References

External links
Harilela Group website

1922 births
2014 deaths
Hong Kong hoteliers
Hong Kong chief executives
Hong Kong philanthropists
Hong Kong people of Indian descent
Businesspeople of Indian descent
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Hong Kong people of Sindhi descent
Recipients of the Grand Bauhinia Medal
Recipients of the Gold Bauhinia Star
Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee members
Hong Kong Affairs Advisors
Members of the Selection Committee of Hong Kong
Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 1998–2000
Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 2000–2005
Sindhi people
20th-century Indian philanthropists
Indian emigrants to China
Recipients of Pravasi Bharatiya Samman
Sindhi Hindus


Line 15 of the Shanghai Metro is a north-south metro line in the city of Shanghai that opened on 23 January 2021. The line begins at  in Baoshan District at its northern end, and terminates at  in Minhang District at its southern end, via  and . It will be  in length and have 30 stations. The line is one of Shanghai Metro's new batch of high capacity fully automated and driverless lines along with Lines 14 and 18. The line is colored ivory on system maps.

History
The line was originally scheduled to open by the end of 2020. However, on 24 December 2020, Shanghai Metro officials announced that the opening would take place in 2021, prior to the start of the Chinese New Year. Line 15 opened on January 23, 2021.  station opened on June 27, 2021.

On January 19, 2021, there is a partial collapse in an under-construction Exit 9 of Zizhu Hi-tech Park station. There were no casualties at the scene, no impact on the surrounding environment, and no impact on the opening of Line 15.

On May 20, 2021, according to the official announcement, due to the accumulation of water between  and , Line 15 will operate at a speed limit, which is expected to be delayed for more than 25 minutes.

 Controversy
On 28 December 2011, the northern terminus of the line was shifted from  station to an independent station called , located near Line 7 between Qihua and  but with no direct interchange to Line 7. This has stirred controversy among residents over Line 15's already lack of convenient connections with other major subway lines such as Lines Line 2 and Line 10. Planners reconsidered and extended Line 15 north of Jinqiu Road to connect with Line 7 at . In December 2019, the line was further revised to provide an interchange with Line 2 at  station. However, there is still no interchange planned with Line 10, as the Line 15  station is located mid-way between  and  stations on Line 10.

 Stations

Service routes

</onlyinclude>

Important stations

Future expansion
A South extension to Fengxian is under planning.

Station name change
 On December 26, 2000 Xinlonghua was renamed as  (before line 15 began serving the station).

Headways
<onlyinclude>

Technology

Signalling
Line 15 is notable for being driverless and the longest line in China operating GoA4 (Grade-of-Automation 4), whereby trains may operate automatically at all times, including the actions of opening/closing doors, detecting obstacles and reacting to emergencies. There are no staff on board concerned with ongoing train operations.

Between December 2020 and January 2021, SATEE supplied its OptONIX and ONIX metro traction systems for 324 metro cars of Shanghai Line 15, with support from Xi'an Alstom Yongji Electric Equipment Co. Ltd (XAYEECO). It was also responsible for the train control monitoring system (TCMS) of Shanghai Line 15, and the line's train electrical design. During the same period, CASCO has successfully put into service its Urbalis 888 signalling solution on six of these metro lines in Chengdu and Shanghai.

Rolling Stock

References

Shanghai Metro lines
Railway lines opened in 2021

2021 establishments in China
Automated guideway transit


Hannah Mayho (born 10 December 1990) is an English road and track cyclist from Cullingworth, West Yorkshire, and a member of British Cycling's Olympic Academy Squad. A former county netball player and cross-country runner, Mayho began cycling in 2006 having been spotted at her school by British Cycling's Talent Team, she was then coached by their coaches Phil West and Frances Newstead. At first she concentrated on athletics, but, seeing the pathway to success more clearly defined in cycling, she chose to concentrate on that sport.

A car collided with her on a training ride in May 2010, breaking her left leg and her right arm and wrist. A year after her accident Mayho returned to racing at the British National Time Trial Championships where she finished third in the Junior Women's event.

Mayho went on to study for a BSc in Nutrition and Dietetics at the University of Chester.

Palmarès

2006
1st  British National Circuit Race Championships (U16)
1st  Pursuit, British National Track Championships (U16)
3rd Pursuit, British National Track Championships (Junior)

2007
2nd Pursuit, 2007 European Track Championships (Junior)
1st  Pursuit, British National Track Championships (Junior)
1st  British National Road Race Championships (Junior)
2nd Scratch race, British National Track Championships (Junior)
3rd 500m TT, British National Track Championships (Junior)

2008
1st  Pursuit, 2008 European Track Championships (Junior)
1st  Team pursuit, 2008 European Track Championships (Junior)
3rd  British National Road Race Championships (Junior)
1st  Pursuit, British National Track Championships (Junior)
3rd 500m TT, British National Track Championships (Junior)

2009
2nd  Pursuit, 2009 UEC European Cup, Barcelona (Senior)
2nd  Pursuit, British National Track Championships (Senior)
2nd  Scratch Race, British National Track Championships (Senior)
2nd  Points Race, British National Track Championships (Senior)

2011
3rd  10-mile Time Trial, British National Time Trial Championships (Junior)

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
English track cyclists
English female cyclists
Sportspeople from Bradford
Cyclists from Yorkshire


Cleomella brevipes is a species of flowering plant in the cleome family known by the common name shortstalk stinkweed. It is native to the Mojave Desert and adjacent hills, where it grows in wet alkaline environments such as mineral-rich desert hot springs. It is an annual herb producing a rough, waxy, red stem up to about 45 centimeters tall. The stem is lined with many small fleshy leaves, each divided into three leaflets. Flowers appear in the leaf axils all along the stem, often all the way down to the base. Each grows at the end of a short, erect pedicel. The flower has four tiny yellow sepals and four tiny yellow petals. The fruit is a somewhat rounded, hanging capsule developing at the end of the remaining flower receptacle.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
USDA Plants Profile
Photo gallery

brevipes
Flora of California
Flora of Nevada


The Bristol Type 6 T.T.A was a British two-seat, twin-engine biplane, designed in 1915 as a defence fighter. Two prototypes were built, but the T.T.A. did not go into production.

Development
The Bristol T.T.A was designed in 1915 to a War Office requirement for a local defence aircraft. The T.T.A was a two-seat, twin-engine biplane with T.T. standing for twin tractor; the Bristol Type number 6 was added retrospectively in 1923. The guiding principles in the design were compactness and a wide field of fire from both cockpits.

The T.T.A was an unswept biplane with slight stagger, the wings having constant chord and carrying long ailerons on the upper planes. The wings were of three-bay construction, the inner interplane struts supporting the engines in rectangular nacelles midway between the wings. Twin-wheeled undercarriage units were mounted below each engine, with a tailskid and a noseskid to prevent nosing over. The large area tailplane was the same shape as that of the Scout D, with the same unbalanced elevators, but the finless rudder was balanced. The gunner sat in a cockpit in the nose of the aircraft, armed with two free-mounted 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis Guns. The pilot, sitting behind the wing trailing edge, had a rear-pointing Lewis gun.

The original design, (the Bristol T.T.), envisaged the use of two 150 hp (110 kW) R.A.F. 4a engines, but the B.E.12 and R.E.8 aircraft had been given priority for these engines and Bristol were advised to use 120 hp (90 kW) Beardmore engines. With these engines, the aircraft was designated T.T.A, two prototypes were ordered and the first completed on 26 April 1916. The second followed in May, and both aircraft flew to Upavon for service tests. Top speed and climb rate were better than the T.T.'s higher powered but larger competitor, the F.E.4, but the aircraft was not liked and gained no production orders.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

1910s British fighter aircraft
T.T.A
Aircraft first flown in 1916


Zhou Zhiruo () is one of the two female lead characters in the wuxia novel The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber by Jin Yong. Jin Yong describes Zhou Zhiruo's physical appearance as "beautiful, pure and free of worldly traits".

Role in the novel
Zhou Zhiruo is the daughter of a boatman from the Han River. Her name "Zhiruo" is derived from her birthplace, Zhijiang. Her mother died when she was very young. When she was 10, her father was killed by Yuan soldiers but she was saved by Zhang Sanfeng. She meets the young Zhang Wuji, who was travelling with Zhang Sanfeng, and they develop a friendship. Zhang Wuji leaves them later and follows Chang Yuchun to Butterfly Valley to seek treatment from Hu Qingniu. Zhang Sanfeng brings Zhou Zhiruo back to Wudang and recommends her to join the Emei School. She becomes an apprentice of Abbess Miejue, the leader of Emei.

Zhou Zhiruo meets Zhang Wuji several years later and falls in love with him. However, Miejue hates Zhang Wuji because of his affiliation with the "evil" Ming Cult. She forces Zhou Zhiruo to swear that she must not marry Zhang Wuji or have any romantic feelings for him. The oath is as follows:  Miejue names Zhou Zhiruo the new leader of Emei and tells her the secret behind the Heaven Reliant Sword and the Dragon Slaying Saber. She tells Zhou Zhiruo to extract the martial arts manuals and the Book of Wumu concealed in the weapons' blades and master those skills, and use them to glorify Emei. Zhou Zhiruo is unwilling to harm Zhang Wuji, but is bound by her oath to do so. On Divine Serpent Island, she steals the weapons and breaks them by clashing them together, obtaining the secret items hidden inside. She murders Yin Li and frames Zhao Min for the deed.

Zhou Zhiruo reads the Nine Yin Manual and masters a quick-learning and "unorthodox" version of the skills detailed in the manual. As the story progresses, she develops a closer relationship with Zhang Wuji, until she decides to break her oath and marry him. However, Zhao Min shows up and disrupts the wedding. Zhou Zhiruo attacks Zhao Min in anger but Zhang Wuji intervenes and stops her. Zhou Zhiruo feels that Zhang Wuji has betrayed her love, and begins to see him and Zhao Min as her sworn enemies. She pretends to marry Song Qingshu of the Wudang School, who has a crush on her, and passes him the Nine Yin Manual and tells him to learn the skills and use them to defeat Zhang Wuji.

During the Lion Slaying Ceremony held at Shaolin Monastery, Zhou Zhiruo defeats all martial artists who attended and emerges as champion of the wulin (martial artists' community). However, she eventually loses to the Yellow Dress Maiden, who uses an "orthodox" version of the skills in the Nine Yin Manual to overcome her "unorthodox" version. The Xuanming Elders attempt to steal the manual from Zhou Zhiruo after seeing how her martial arts have improved from learning it. They injure her with their Xuanming Divine Palm, but Zhang Wuji saves her and heals her with his Nine Yang Divine Skill, which inadvertently negates her "yin" inner energy and restores her back to her original state. Zhou Zhiruo feels guilty for her sins, especially when she encounters the "ghost" of Yin Li and admits to Zhang Wuji her past deeds and her love towards him. Towards the end of the story, Zhang Wuji tells her that he has decided that Zhao Min is his true love, making her give up on him. Zhou Zhiruo also discovers that Yin Li has survived her attack; Yin Li forgives her for trying to murder her. Zhou Zhiruo visits Zhang Wuji and Zhao Min in another version and makes some cheeky remarks when he is about to help Zhao Min paint her eyebrows.

Martial arts and skills
Zhou Zhiruo mastered a quick-learning and "unorthodox" version of the skills in the Nine Yin Manual (), which include the Nine Yin Inner Energy (), Nine Yin White Bone Claw (), White Boa Whip Skill () and Heart-Shattering Palm (). Previously, she had also learnt the Emei School's skills, including Emei's version of the Nine Yang Divine Skill (), Emei Swordplay (), and Soft Palm of the Golden Peak ().

In film and television
Notable actresses who have portrayed Zhou Zhiruo in films and television series include Candice Yu (1978), Angie Chiu (1978), Sheren Tang (1986), Gigi Lai (1993), Kathy Chow (1994), Charmaine Sheh (2000), Gao Yuanyuan (2003), Liu Jing (2009) and Zhu Xudan (2019).

Notes

References
  Tan, Xianmao (2005). Zhou Zhiruo: From a Compliant and Innocent Beauty to an Enigmatic Goddess of Vengeance. In Rankings of Jin Yong's Characters. Chinese Agricultural Press.

Fictional characters from Hunan
Fictional female soldiers and warriors
Fictional Han people
The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber
Fictional wushu practitioners
Fictional Yuan dynasty people
Jin Yong characters
Literary characters introduced in 1961
Orphan characters in literature


Liam Picken (born 1 August 1986) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Western Bulldogs in the Australian Football League (AFL) from 2009 to 2019. In 2016 he played in the Bulldogs' 2nd premiership team (first was in 1954). Picken is from the western Victorian town of Hamilton.

Early playing career
Before being drafted he completed a pre-season with Collingwood and two with the Bulldogs. He played 63 games and kicked 45 goals with Williamstown from 2005 to 2008 and in 2008 he was the Williamstown Seagulls best and fairest player in the Victorian Football League (VFL), winning the Gerry Callahan Medal and earning a position on the Bulldogs rookie list. He played in a Seconds premiership side at Williamstown in 2005 and finished in third place in the Seconds best and fairest the same year. He was awarded the most consistent player in the seniors in 2007.

AFL career
Picken made his debut against North Melbourne on 5 April 2009, collecting 9 possessions in a traditional tagging role against Kangaroos stalwart Brent Harvey, in which he kept his opponent goalless and largely ineffective.

Since his brilliant debut, he has since played on other key players to great effect including Andrew McLeod, Leigh Montagna and Brett Deledio. He played on Deledio twice in 2009 and restricted the star player to just 16 and 13 disposals respectively, the only two times during the season that Deledio had fewer than 20 touches.

During a match against  in 2013, Picken accidentally collided with goal umpire Courtney Lai in the third quarter, when he was attempting to smother a point-blank shot at goal by Michael Walters; the result was that Lai, a qualified doctor, suffered what was a self-diagnosed an ACL tear. Picken recalled the clash as being "an accident".

Although branded as a tagger, Picken could also win possession of the ball and use it well. When Luke Beveridge took over as coach of the Bulldogs at the end of 2014, he gave Picken a more attacking role. During the Bulldogs' run to the 2016 AFL Premiership, Picken was a crucial figure, starring in all four finals and kicked three goals (including the sealer) in the Grand Final. He was awarded the Best Finals Player by the Western Bulldogs.

In 2017, the Australian food company Australian Almonds approached Picken, along with fellow footballers Scott Selwood, Max Gawn, Brianna Davey and Ellie Blackburn, to serve as an ambassador of their campaign to recognize hard-working but low-profile individuals through the Australian Hard Nut Awards. Also in 2017, the late cricket legend Shane Warne ranked Picken as his favourite player in the league.

While playing in a pre-season game against Hawthorn in Ballarat, Picken received an accidental knock to the head and suffered severe concussion and because of side effects missed the entire 2018 season.

On 1 April 2019, after numerous comeback attempts, Picken announced his retirement due to ongoing concussion symptoms.

Personal life
Picken is the son of former Collingwood and Sydney footballer: Billy Picken, who's a member of the Collingwood Team of the Century and played across both clubs from 1973 to 1986. Picken's older brother, Marcus Picken, also played for the Brisbane Lions, as did their cousin, former captain and Coleman Medal winner Jonathan Brown.

He is married to Annie Nolan, a blogger and social commentator. They have three children: a son named Malachy (born in 2011) and twin daughters, Delphi and Cheska (born in 2013).

Liam Picken has pledged to donate his brain in hopes to aid further research in chronic traumatic encephopathy as a result of repetitive head injuries sustained during his time in the AFL.

Picken possesses undergraduate and masters degrees in international finance and business.

In March 2023, Picken lodged a claim in the Supreme Court of Victoria against the AFL, the Western Bulldogs and two Bulldogs club doctors regarding concussion-related injuries, with Picken alleging that he was left in the dark about “irregular” cognitive tests, that he was never sent for expert help and he was repeatedly sent back onto the field to play despite repeatedly raising concerns about his ongoing concussion symptoms. His initiation of a civil claim against the AFL occurred shortly after a similar claim was filed by former Collingwood player Emma Grant in the County Court of Victoria, and shortly before a similar claim was filed by former Geelong player Max Rooke in the Supreme Court of Victoria.

Statistics
Statistics are correct to the end of the 2017 season

|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2009
|
| 42 || 23 || 8 || 2 || 120 || 190 || 310 || 52 || 98 || 0.3 || 0.1 || 5.2 || 8.3 || 13.5 || 2.3 || 4.3
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2010
|
| 42 || 20 || 8 || 5 || 127 || 158 || 285 || 37 || 104 || 0.4 || 0.3 || 6.4 || 7.9 || 14.3 || 1.9 || 5.2
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2011
|
| 42 || 22 || 4 || 4 || 166 || 164 || 330 || 50 || 117 || 0.2 || 0.2 || 7.5 || 7.5 || 15.0 || 2.3 || 5.3
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2012
|
| 42 || 22 || 9 || 6 || 197 || 207 || 404 || 70 || 119 || 0.4 || 0.3 || 9.0 || 9.4 || 18.4 || 3.2 || 5.4
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2013
|
| 42 || 20 || 1 || 3 || 181 || 146 || 327 || 67 || 66 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 9.1 || 7.3 || 16.4 || 3.4 || 3.3
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2014
|
| 42 || 22 || 3 || 6 || 217 || 185 || 402 || 85 || 88 || 0.1 || 0.3 || 9.9 || 8.4 || 18.3 || 3.9 || 4.0
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2015
|
| 42 || 21 || 13 || 9 || 248 || 249 || 497 || 94 || 135 || 0.6 || 0.4 || 11.8 || 11.9 || 23.7 || 4.5 || 6.4
|-
| scope=row bgcolor=F0E68C | 2016#
|
| 42 || 26 || 17 || 11 || 300 || 294 || 594 || 121 || 107 || 0.7 || 0.4 || 11.5 || 11.3 || 22.8 || 4.7 || 4.1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2017
|
| 42 || 22 || 24 || 14 || 197 || 213 || 410 || 84 || 67 || 1.1 || 0.6 || 9.0 || 9.7 || 18.6 || 3.8 || 3.1
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 198
! 87
! 60
! 1753
! 1806
! 3559
! 660
! 901
! 0.4
! 0.3
! 8.9
! 9.1
! 18.0
! 3.3
! 4.6
|}

Honours and achievements
AFL
Team
AFL Premiership: 2016
Pre-season Premiership player: 2010
Individual
Best Finals Player: 2016
Gerry Callahan Medal: 2008

References

External links

Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
1986 births
Living people
Western Bulldogs players
Western Bulldogs premiership players
Williamstown Football Club players
Australia international rules football team players
VFL/AFL premiership players
People from Hamilton, Victoria


Hervé Yamguen (born 1971 in Douala) is a Cameroonian painter and sculptor.
A self-taught artist, he launched himself in painting, sculpture and he discovered a passion for the writing which enables him to wonder about its daily live. He currently works on plays.

He grew up in Douala, and currently lives and works in one of the most popular districts of the city, New Bell. It is this environment which nourishes the imaginary of Hervé whose plastic work turns around the face, the body and the place of it in the world.

Works

Yamguen was born into a family that valued tradition, and they initially refused to accept his choice to become an artist. From childhood, he was attracted to the way in which artists interpreted their own realities in their works, and has said that "being an artist is a way of existing in the world and is closely associated with spirituality". He started painting at the age of 17 and became a professional artist by the late 1980s after refusing to enter the monastery. Afterwards, his family supported his artistic pursuits.
Self-taught, he refined his techniques by reading about art history, which led him to develop his singular vision of art. Subsequently, he received a year of training (2000-2001) at École des Arts Décoratifs (ESAD) in Strasbourg, France. He has done many study and production residencies in Cameroon and abroad.

Yamguen is also known for his writings about the visual arts (drawing, painting, sculpture), as well as his poetry. He has made a few forays into photography, performance, installation and has regularly done stage designs for the theater. The themes present in his work are eroticism, the questioning of the human-plant-animal and bird. Through these themes, he tells the story of humans and invites one to look at life with wonder; the small details of daily life that represent the beauty of the world and make life more pleasurable. Yamguen is inspired by the work (technical, power of the work, style) of several writers and artists who work on wonder, whimsy and imagination: Matisse, Picasso, Henri Michaux, and the Surrealist poets. The artist wants to invite the public to reflect on his humanity in order to become better.
According to him, the reception of his work is not enthusiastic: either it is too risqué or inaccessible.

Hervé Yamguen is one of the members of the Cercle Kapsiki, a collective consisting of Yamguen and several other Cameroonian artists. As a member of the Cercle, he took part in Scénographies Urbaines, (Urban Scenographies) in January 2003, an event and artist residency organized by the collective. The project was based out of the New Bell neighborhood of Douala where Yanguen resides, and aimed to help artists express themselves and engage in an exchange with the inhabitants of the district. The workshop also involved Cercle Kapsiki (Hervé Youmbi, Hervé Yamguen, Blaise Bang, Salifou Lindou, Jules Wokam) collaborating with the Scur' k collective (J-C Lanquetin, François Duconseille) inviting other artists from Cameroon, France, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Lebanon, to come together and share details of their lives with the district's population.

In 2003, Yamguen exhibited work at the Galerie Mam Art Contemporain within the framework of the project Pièce Unique, initiated by the French Cultural Center of Douala. He also published a long poem  Le temps de la saison verte (The time of the green season), in 1998. A new book is published by the French Cultural Center of Douala.

Recently, he was inducted as a dignitary in the village of his father (Bandja-Balassie in the upper Nkam), where he reconnects with the codes of the rituals and customs while maintaining his posture of contemporary artist.

His work has been shown in various countries around the world. In France and Germany repeatedly and recently in Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal between 2015 and 2016. Beside his work as a creative, Yamguen has served other functions in the art world. In 2005 and 2006, he taught fine arts in Douala at the secondary level. He was the artistic director of the three editions (2011, 2012 and 2013) of the Marché des Arts Plastiques de Bali.

Publications
 Le Temps de la saison verte, poetry, Les Solitaires intempestifs, 1998
 La Nuit cristalline, livre objet, 12 copies, poetry, 2000
 Entre brune et cratère, livre objet, 10 copies with sérigraphies, poetry, 2000
 Le déluge en soi n'est jamais trop loin, poetry, drawings, CCF Blaise Cendrars, Cameroon, March 2005
 Sous les airs du Wouri, Pas de quartier- Brigade d'intervention poétique, édition du CCF Blaise Cendrars, 2006
 Respiration in "Interdit de laver sa mobylette", poetry, collaborative work, illustrations by Hervé Yamguen, éditions Opoto, 2007
 Hervé Yameguen in carnet de la création, éditions de l’œil, 2011
 Les oiseaux, dessins et sculptures, doual’art, 2015

See also
List of public art in Douala

Further reading
 Nijami, S. "L’oiseau-counteur" Hervé Yamguen. Fondation Donwahi Art contemporain.
 Schemell, A. (2015): Visual Arts in Cameroon– A Genealogy of Non-formal Training 1976–2014, Langaa Research &Publishing Common Initiative, p. 137
 Manga, L. (2014). Cameroon une vision contemporaine IV. Le Bureau de la Banque Mondial.
 Africultures, Hervé Yamguen.
 Langaa Research &Publishing Common Initiative, p. 137
 Lessing, E.B. (2015): Urban Safety and Security. FrancoAngeli, p. 73.
 Les Franco phonies en Limousin (2014): Hervé Yamguen.
 IAM – Intense Art Magazine. (2014). Hervé Yamguen, un esprit libre in IAM#01 CAMEROUN | CAMEROON, p. 062.
 Pensa, Iolanda (Ed.) 2017. Public Art in Africa. Art et transformations urbaines à Douala /// Art and Urban Transformations in Douala. Genève: Metis Presses.

References

External links

Hervé Yamguen drawing
Hervé Yamguen on Artfacts
Hervé Yamguen on AtWork

Cameroonian artists
Living people
1971 births


Duane Dyer, better known by his stage name, Iceberg Slimm (born 1978) is a Black British rapper and founder of Frojak Entertainment who is best known for his singles "Nursery Rhymes", "Bad Boy" and "Starship" taken from his debut album, Da World on Ice. He also featured on Raghav's single, "Can't Get Enough" which charted at No. 10 in the UK Singles Chart.

Discography

Albums
2004: Da World on Ice
2012: Higher (promotional use only)

Singles
"Nursery Rhymes" (2000) (UK No. 37)
"Badboy" (2002)
"Shut U Down" (2002)
"Reminisce with Me" (2003)
"Freedom of Speech" (2003)
"Gutter" (2004)
"Falling in Love" (2004)
"U Don't Want Beef" (2004)
"Cant Get Enough" (2004) (UK No. 10) (as featured artist)
"Starship" (2004) (UK No. 73)
"Lonely (Da Break Up Song)" (featuring Raghav and D'Vinci) (2007)
"Shake Dat Thing" (2007)
"Where I'm From" (2007)
"I Have a Dream" (2008)

References

External links
Official website
Frojak.com
Twoms.com
Thesituation.co.uk

1978 births
Living people
Black British male rappers
English male rappers
Rappers from London
Musicians from Hackney Central


5th Fighter Division (5. Jagd-Division) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II. It was formed in June 1943 and subordinated to the 12th Air Corps. The Division was reorganised as 7th Fighter Division on 15 September 1943 and reformed again the same day in Paris and subordinated to the 2nd Fighter Corps. The unit was relocated to Karlsruhe-Durlach in October 1944 and subordinated to Luftwaffenkommando West. The division was redesignated to 16th Air Division on 26 January 1945.

Commanding officers
Generalleutnant Walter Schwabedissen, July 1942 – 15 September 1943
Oberst Harry von Bülow-Bothkamp, September 1943 – November 1943
Generalleutnant Joachim-Friedrich Huth, 11 November 1943 – 5 February 1944
Generalmajor Karl Hentschel, February 1944 – 26 January 1945

See also
 Luftwaffe Organisation

References

Air divisions of the Wehrmacht Luftwaffe
Military units and formations established in 1942
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945


Shyam Kumar (born M. Shyam Kumar) was an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Kerala. He was born in  Tellicherry.

Kumar made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1985-86 Ranji Trophy season, against Andhra. From the lower order, he scored a single run in the first innings in which he batted, and a duck in the second.

Kumar took a single wicket from nine overs of bowling.

External links
Shyam Kumar at CricketArchive

People from Thalassery
Kerala cricketers
Living people
Indian cricketers
Cricketers from Kerala
Year of birth missing (living people)


Chandroth Vijayan (born 4 November 1936) was an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who played for Kerala. He was born in Tellicherry.

Career
Vijayan made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1957-58 season, against Andhra. From the lower order, he scored 10 runs in the first innings, and a single run in the second. Vijayan's brother, Chandroth Bhaskaran, played for Kerala and Madras in a twelve-year first-class career.

External links
Chandroth Vijayan at Cricket Archive

1936 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Kerala cricketers
Cricketers from Kerala
People from Thalassery


TS Venkitachalam was an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Kerala.

Venkitachalam made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959–60 season, against Madras. From the opening order, he scored a duck in the first innings in which he batted, and, when switched to the lower order in the second innings, scored 2 runs.

Venkitachalam's son, Venkitachalam Manohar, also played for Kerala.

External links
TS Venkitachalam at Cricket Archive

Indian cricketers
Kerala cricketers


The Blum–Byrnes agreements (in French accord Blum-Byrnes) were a series of commercial French-American agreements, signed May 28, 1946, by the Secretary of State James F. Byrnes and representatives of the French government Léon Blum and, especially, Jean Monnet.   The agreements aimed to eradicate France's debt to America and obtain new credit in exchange for opening France's markets to American products, especially film productions.

Pre-agreement conditions
French cinema was protected against foreign competition by a numerical quota system limiting the number of foreign films shown per year. Between 1936 and 1940, only 188 foreign (mostly American) films were allowed each year.  Starting from 1940, films from non-Axis countries were banned under the German Occupation. The French cinema industry flourished under these conditions and in 1945 was the second-largest industry (in terms of employment numbers) in France, second only to the railways.
Meanwhile, the overall economy of France faltered in the post-war years. The economy reached an all-time low by the summer of 1947.

Provisions
The agreement erased the 2.8 billion dollars France owed the U.S., chiefly from World War I loans and loans in 1939–40. Monnet set out the French five-year plan for recovery and development. The U.S. loaned France $650 million at low interest through the Export-Import Bank. The loan was followed in 1948 by a free grant of $2.3 billion from the Marshall Plan, with no repayment. In exchange, French cinemas would replace the numerical quota with a "screen quota". This meant that French cinemas were required to show French-made films for four weeks out of every thirteen and leave the other nine weeks of every quarter open to free competition, namely from American films.

Amendments and Related Legislation
On September 23, 1948, the National Assembly revised the agreements so that French cinema had to reserve five weeks out of every thirteen weeks for French-made films.  Numerical quotas were also reintroduced. 121 dubbed American films and 65 other foreign films were permitted each year with exceptions for countries that made significant efforts to import and distribute French films.  The revisions also called for extra state aid to the French film industry. This request for financial aid was realized on September 23, 1948, with the introduction of a new program where taxes were imposed on movie tickets and the tax revenues were distributed to French film producers.  In this way, American film sales helped the French film industry.

French reception
Politicians, the movie industry, and the press cried out at the Blum-Byrnes loan's condition of international free market competition in the French film industry. They argued that the American productions would hurt an already war-injured French film industry. With the backlog of over 2000 American films that were banned during the German Occupation, American films were able to quickly flood the French cinemas.   Committees for the Defense of the French Film were organized to draw attention to the argument that the agreement's motive was to make France a "free market" for dumping US films. On January 4, 1948, a demonstration of thousands of technicians, writers, and actors including Simone Signoret, Jean Marais, Raymond Bussieres, Madeleine Sologne, Jacques Becker, and Louis Daquin was organized and led to the subsequent revision of the agreements (as discussed in the previous section).
The Center national de la cinematographie was created on October 25, 1946, to help organize and finance the French film industry. The CNC made several efforts to help support the French cinemas, including the tax program introduced in September 1948 (as discussed in the previous section). Franco-Italian agreements were signed to increase coproduction between the two countries. These coproduced films began to flourish after 1946. The Blum-Byrnes loan also awarded the French less than they wanted, and less than the British had received, further complicating Franco-American relations. Overall, the French saw the agreement as a threat to their film industry and acted to mitigate the agreement's effects.

American reception
The agreement was seen as a way to "spread the American way of life" though a war-torn France (and Europe at large). It was also an effective way to promote free trade and the Hollywood industry.  The US government also envisioned that these measures would eliminate all protection of the French film industry once the industry has recovered its competitiveness.
The agreements were impactful and allowed for large numbers of American films to be shown in France. In the first half of 1947, 340 American films were shown compared to 40 French ones. Many American films had already amortized their costs during the period when they were banned in France and were thus able to be sold cheaply abroad for more profit. The French film industry responded to the challenge with new vigor.
To further the cultural propagation effect of the Blum–Byrnes agreements, the informational Media Guaranty Program was established in 1948 as part of the Economic Cooperation Administration to "guarantee that the US government would convert certain foreign currencies into dollars at attractive rates, provided the information materials earning the moneys reflected appropriate elements of American life". This allowed American films to be shown to an even broader audience. The US gained a total of 16 million dollars from this program.

Further reading
 Magairaz, Michel. "Autour des Accords Blum-Byrnes: Jean Monnet entre le Consensus National et le Consensus Atlantique," ['The Blum-Byrnes accords: Jean Monnet between national consensus and Atlantic consensus'] Histoire, Économie et Société (1982) Issue 3, pp 439–470, in French
1948: French Films : IN OUR PAGES:100, 75 AND 50 YEARS AGO." New York Times 6 Feb. 1998: n. pag. New York Times Opinion. Web. 19 Mar. 2013.
Balio, Tino. The American film industry. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976. Print.
Bellos, David. "Tati and America: Jour de fete and the blum-byrnes agreement of 1946." French Cultural Studies 10.29 (1999): 145-159. Print.
Crisp, C. G.. The classic French cinema, 1930-1960. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. Print.
Kuisel, Richard F.. Seducing the French the dilemma of Americanization. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. Print.
French cinema: from its beginnings to the present. New York: Continuum, 2002. Print.
Wall, Irwin M.. The United States and the making of postwar France, 1945-1954. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Print.

References

France–United States relations
Treaties concluded in 1946
Treaties of the United States
Treaties of the Provisional Government of the French Republic
Commercial treaties


RadioReverb is a Brighton based non-profit community radio station. The station broadcasts on 97.2 FM and DAB radio as well as online, to the Brighton and Hove area.

History
RadioReverb originally started by broadcasting as a Restricted Service Licences during Brighton Festival in 2004. In December 2005, it was awarded a Community Radio licence, and commenced broadcasting on 26 March 2007.

The station describes itself as "Brighton’s radio alternative, a community radio station that is working to create access to the airwaves and make a real difference for the people living here".

The station moved to Brighton's Open Market in September 2016, having previously been located on Old Steine.

Programmes
RadioReverb hosts a diverse offering of music, speech, and community programming. Long-running music shows include Ears Wide Open, Slipstreem, Eclectic Chair, Dusty Groove Jukebox Show, Currently Off Air, and English Disco Lovers. Community and speech programming includes that for the LGBT community: Out In Brighton (its presenter Kathy Caton having been shortlisted for a National Diversity Award), Time 4T, and HIV Hour; those with learning disability: Carousel Radio; the local migrant community: Refugee Radio; and local football supporters: Albion Roar.

Training
The station also runs radio-based training comprising presenting, programme planning, interviewing skills and live studio broadcasting.

References

Community radio stations in the United Kingdom
Radio stations in Sussex
Music in Brighton and Hove