Paul William George Hurry (born 9 April 1975 in Canterbury, Kent) is a former motorcycle speedway rider from England.

Career
Hurry began his racing career aged 16 with the Arena Essex Hammers in 1991. He was a member of the team that won the league and cup double the 1991 British League Division Two season. Despite the success he experienced during his maiden year he switched to Peterborough Panthers and remarkably completed the treble of league, knockout cup and fours during the 1992 British League Division Two season.

In 1994, he became British under 21 champion and in 2000 he finished in second place at the British Speedway Championship. Hurry was selected to represent the Great Britain national speedway team at the 2001 Speedway World Cup Race-off, but the team failed to reach the final. After spells with various British clubs, Hurry returned to Arena Essex in 2004, where he stayed until 2007.

He appeared to have retired from racing in 2007 due to ongoing problems with an arm injury, but returned to Elite League racing in 2009 to replace the injured Kyle Legault for Poole Pirates. In 2010, Hurry returned to ride for his first club, now renamed the Lakeside Hammers. Paul suffered horrific leg injuries in the final of the 2010 European Grasstrack Final at La Reole and didn't return to racing until 2015. In that time away from the sport he has become a member of the ACU Track Racing Committee and has also become a 'Clerk of the Course'. He has also become a prominent member

British Speedway Championship
Finalist

 1994  @ Coventry 2pts (16th)
 1995  @ Coventry 4pts (9th)
 1998  @ Coventry 12pts (13th)
 1999  @ Coventry 10pts (9th)
 2000  @ Coventry 13pts (10th)
 2001  @ Coventry 8pts (8th)
 2002  @ Coventry Coventry 7pts (9th)
 2003  @ Eastbourne 5pts (13th)
 2006  @ Belle Vue 7pts (9th)

World Longtrack Championship

Finalist

1996 - Herxheim 3pts (18th)

Grand-Prix Years

 1997 - Five G.P. 51pts (11th)
 1998 - One G.P. 20pts (16th)
 1999 - Five G.P. 72pts (5th)
 2000 - Five G.P. 77pts (4th)
 2001 - Four G.P. 46pts (4th)
 2002 - Four G.P. 40pts (8th)
 2003 - Four G.P. 58pts (8th)
 2005 - Four G.P. 58pts (3rd)
 2007 - Two G.P. 22pts (12th)

Best Individual G.P. Results

   Marmande First 1997, 1999; Second 2003, 2005
   Abingdon Second 1998; Third 2000.
   Eenrum Third 2000.
   Morizes Third 2005.
   St Macaire Third 2007

European Grasstrack Championship

Finals

 1994 -   Cloppenburg 7pts (10th)
 1995 -   Joure 16pts (4th)
 1996 -   Saint-Colomb-de-Lauzun 13pts (6th)
 2002 -   Berghaupten 15pts (4th)
 2004 -   Eenrum 7pts (12th)
 2005 -   Schwarme 18pts (Champion)
 2009 -   Berghaupten 4pts (14th)
 2010 -   La Reole 15pts (6th)
 2017 -   Hertingan 9pts (12th)
 2018 -   Tayac 5pts (12th)
 2019 -   Bad Hersfeld 15thpts (Second)

Best Other Results

   Abingdon Preliminary Round First 1994.
   Aduard Semi-final First 1994.
   Hertingan Semi-final Third 2009.
   La Reole Semi-final First 2002.
   Noordwolde Semi-final First 2003, 2005.
   Saint-Colomb-de-Lauzun Semi-final First 2001.
   St MacaireSemi-final Third 2017.
   Stadskanaal Preliminary Round First 1996.
   Truro Semi-final First 2010.

British Grasstrack Championship
 Top Three Finishes

 2000 Runner-up
 2001 Podium
 2002 Champion
 2004 Champion
 2005 Champion
 2007 Runner-up

References

British speedway riders
1975 births
Living people
Eastbourne Eagles riders
Ipswich Witches riders
Lakeside Hammers riders
Kent Kings riders
King's Lynn Stars riders
Oxford Cheetahs riders
Peterborough Panthers riders
Poole Pirates riders
Wolverhampton Wolves riders
Individual Speedway Long Track World Championship riders


Cupar Muir or Cuparmuir is a hamlet or small village situated just outside the town of Cupar, Fife. Lying around  north of Edinburgh, it had a population of around 229 in 2011.

The settlement was primarily developed around quarrying of stone, but is better known for a 1559 confrontation between the French troops of Mary of Guise and the Protestant forces of the Lords of the Congregation.

History
On some early maps, Cupar Muir can be found labelled as Brighton after the Brighton Brick and Tile works which were once a prominent feature found to the south of the hamlet. These were opened in 1837 by Archibald Mitchell, so named after John Bright with whom Mitchell shared his politics, and he was joined soon after by his business partner Henry Duncan. The works were at one point considered extensive, and employed around 30 people in the mid-1850s.  By 1909, the works had been closed for "some time," and in 1936 the associated Fife Brick and Tile Company was dissolved. On the site of the Brighton Brick and Tile works, occasionally referred to as the Trafford Bank Brickworks, now stands a small industrial estate.

Scottish Reformation
John Knox and Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie described a confrontation during the Scottish Reformation at Cupar Muir in June 1559. The Protestant Lords of the Congregation opposed the French troops of Mary of Guise commanded by Henri Cleutin and a Scottish force led by James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault. Following the Reformation riots at Perth, the French troops were marching towards St. Andrews from Falkland. On 13 June a Protestant force of 3,000 assembled at Cupar Muir to prevent the French reaching Cupar.

The Protestants were led by the half-brother of Mary, Queen of Scots, Lord James, Lord Ruthven, the Earl of Rothes, the Lothian lairds of Ormiston, Calder, Haltoun, Restalrig, and Colstoun, with men from Dundee, St. Andrews and Cupar. Knox wrote it seemed as if "men had rained from the clouds." Master James Halyburton, Provost of Dundee, chose their position on the Muir to give the best advantage with their guns.

The French advanced within a mile, keeping the River Eden between them and the Protestant force. Cleutin and the Duke rode to Hill of Tarvit. John, Lord Lindsay, (or Patrick, Master of Lindsay), and Patrick Hepburn of Wauchton came from the Duke or the Regent to treat with the Protestants. A truce of eight days was made and signed by Lord James and Cleutin at "Garlabank", now Garlie Bank, on the flank of the hill by the river. Robert Lindsay supplies dialogue for the negotiation, giving Lord Lindsay a lengthy and persuasive speech to the French commanders Cleutin, De la Chapel, and Sarlabous that brokered the peace;"Ye are strangers, lose not the hearts of Scottish-men, neither procure the nobility of Scotland to turn enemies to the King of France, who are now his friends, ... Likewise it is an old Scottish proverb; I will suffer my friend to need, but I cannot see him bleed."

References

External links

 Cupar Community Council official website
 Cupar Muir at Canmore

Hamlets in Scotland
Scottish Reformation
Populated places in Fife


Monodilepas diemenensis is species of small sea snail, a keyhole limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets.

This species is found at North Island, New Zealand.

Original description
Monodilepas diemenensis was originally discovered and described by Harold John Finlay in 1930. Finlay's original text (the type description) reads as follows:

References
This article incorporates public domain text coming from New Zealand from the reference.

Further reading
 Powell A. W. B., William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979

Fissurellidae
Gastropods described in 1930
Taxa named by Harold John Finlay


Thomas Stangl (21 December 1854 in Aufhausen – 4 August 1921 in Würzburg) was a German classical scholar and text critic. He is found referenced most often for his edition of scholia to Cicero's speeches (Ciceronis orationum scholiastae), especially for his work on Asconius and the Bobbio Scholiast.

In 1883 he obtained his habilitation for classical philology, and served as an associate professor (from 1900) and full professor (from 1919) at the University of Würzburg.

Works
 Boethiana: vel Boethii commentariorum in Ciceronis topica emendationes ex octo codicibus haustas et auctas observationibus grammaticis (1882), on the commentaries by Boethius on Cicero's Topica; Stangl's dissertation at the University of Munich.
 Der sogenannte Gronovscholiast zu elf ciceronischen Reden (1884), the Scholia Gronoviana on Cicero's speeches.
 Orator ad Brutum (1885) and Brutus de claris oratoribus (1886), text with notes in Latin on the works by Cicero.
 Cassiodorus Senator (1887).
 Tulliana et Mario-Victoriniana (1887/88), notes (in German) on Cicero's speeches and the commentaries of Gaius Marius Victorinus, full text downloadable.
 Virgiliana: Die grammatischen Schriften des Galliers Virgilius Maro, auf Grund einer erstmaligen Vergleichung der Handschrift von Amiens und einer erneuten der Handschriften von Paris und Neapel (1891), on Virgilius Maro Grammaticus, full text at Internet Archive.
 M. Tulli Ciceronis De Oratore (1893), an edition of Cicero's De oratore, full text downloadable.
 Bobiensia: neue Beiträge zur Textkritik und Sprache der Bobienser Ciceroscholien (1894), on the Bobbio Scholiast, full text downloadable.
 Tulliana: Der Text des Thesaurus Linguae Latinae zu Cicero de oratore in ausgewählten Stellen besprochen (1898).
 Q. Curti Rufi Historiarum Alexandri Magni (1902), an edition of the extant portions of Curtius Rufus's biography of Alexander the Great, full text downloadable from Google Books, also available through the Internet Archive.
 Pseudoasconiana. Textgestaltung und Sprache der anonymen Scholien zu Ciceros vier ersten Verrinen (1909), anonymous scholia on Cicero's first speech against Verres, formerly attributed to Asconius.
 Ciceronis orationum scholiastae Asconius, scholia bobiensia, scholia pseudasconii sangallensia, scholia cluniacensia et recentiora ambrosiana ac vaticana, scholia lugdunensia sive gronoviana et eorum excerpta lugdunensia (1912, reprinted 1964), edition of Asconius, the Bobbio Scholiast, and other scholia on Cicero's speeches; the value of this edition, which draws on Stangl's earlier work, is indicated by its reprinting 50 years after its initial publication.
 Lactantiana (1915), notes on Lactantius.

References

Further reading
 Extensive if scattered information about Stangl's work is available (in German) in Jahresbericht über die Fortschritte der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft (1919), vols. 178–181 Internet Archive.
 Thomas Stangl de.Wikisource

German classical scholars
German classical philologists
Academic staff of the University of Würzburg
People from Regensburg (district)
1854 births
1921 deaths


The Fort William Canadians were a junior ice hockey team based in Fort William, Ontario, Canada. The Canadians were members of the Thunder Bay Junior A Hockey League and were Abbott Cup finalists three times.  For a while, the Fort William Canadiens were a development club for the National Hockey League's Montreal Canadiens.

Season-by-season standings

Playoffs
1971 Lost semi-final
Westfort Hurricanes defeated Fort William Canadians 3-games-to-2
1972 DNQ
1973 Won League Jr. A Crown, lost TBAHA Canadian Final
Fort William Canadians defeated Thunder Bay Eagles 3-games-to-none TBJHL JR. A CHAMPIONS
Thunder Bay Centennials (CAJHL) defeated Fort William Canadians 2-games-to-none
1974 Won League, lost TBAHA Jack Adams Trophy final
Fort William Canadians defeated Thunder Bay Beavers 3-games-to-2 TBJHL CHAMPIONS
Thunder Bay Hurricanes (MWJHL) defeated Fort William Canadians 4-games-to-none
1975 Lost semi-final
Thunder Bay Eagles defeated Fort William Canadians 4-games-to-2
1976 Lost semi-final
Thunder Bay Eagles defeated Fort William Canadians 4-games-to-none
1977 Lost semi-final
Thunder Bay Eagles defeated Fort William Canadians 3-games-to-none
1978 DNQ

Championships
TBJHL Champions:
1939, 1947, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1966
Abbott Cup Finalists:
1952, 1954, 1957

Notable players
Columbus Club Canadians

Dave Creighton
Danny Lewicki

Canadiens

John Adams
Stan Baluik
Rick Bragnalo
Mike Busniuk
Ron Busniuk
Jean Gauthier
Pete Goegan
Danny Gruen
Don Johns
Eddie Kachur
Lou Marcon
Stu McNeill
Dennis Olson
Mel Pearson
John Schella
Dave Siciliano
Ralph Stewart
Joe Szura
Ted Tucker
Gary Veneruzzo
Murray Wing

References

Hockey Northwestern Ontario
1935 establishments in Ontario
1978 disestablishments in Ontario


The First Mitchell Ministry was the 15th Ministry of the Government of Western Australia and was led by Nationalist Premier James Mitchell. It succeeded the Colebatch Ministry on 17 May 1919 after the collapse of Hal Colebatch's brief service as Premier. It assumed a stability which had been absent from Western Australian politics since the 1914 election. The ministry was followed by the Collier Ministry on 15 April 1924 after the Nationalist coalition lost government at the state election held on 22 March.

First Ministry
The following ministers served until the reconstitution of the Ministry on 12 April 1921, following the 1921 state election:

Second Ministry
The following ministers served from their appointment on 12 April 1921 until the end of the Ministry on 15 April 1924, following the 1924 state election:

References

  (no ISBN)

Mitchell 1
Mitchell 1
Ministries of George V


Honington, Warwickshire is a hamlet and civil parish in the Stratford-on-Avon District of Warwickshire, England. It is in the Brailes division of the hundred of Kington, and approximately two miles north of Shipston-on-Stour. The population taken at the 2011 census was 250. The River Stour flows past the village on the western side and has a 5-arched 17th-century bridge crossing it. Honington contains approximately 60 houses within the parish boundary, including the half-timbered Magpie Cottage, and Shoemaker's Cottage situated on the Green opposite the gates and lodge entrance to Honington Hall which was built in 1682 by Sir Henry Parker. The Church of All Saints has been re-built, but retains a 13th-century tower.

References

External links

Photos of Honington and surrounding areas on geograph.org.uk

Villages in Warwickshire


Monodilepas monilifera carnleyensis is a subspecies of small sea snail, a keyhole limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets. This species is found at the Auckland Islands, New Zealand.

References

 Powell A. W. B., William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979

Fissurellidae
Gastropods of New Zealand


The Axis order of battle at Stalingrad is a list of the significant land units that fought in the Battle of Stalingrad on the side of the Axis Powers between September 1942 and February 1943.

Apart from the twenty divisions of the German Wehrmacht, eighteen Romanian divisions took part in the battle on the Axis side as well.

Order of battle

Generaloberst Friedrich Paulus, commanding the 6th ArmyChief of Staff: Generalmajor Arthur Schmidt

German
 6th Army
  IV Army Corps – General der Pioniere Erwin Jaenecke, from 17 January General der Artillerie Max Pfeffer
  29th Motorized Infantry Division – Generalmajor Hans-Georg Leyser
  297th Infantry Division – General der Artillerie Max Pfeffer, from 16 January Generalmajor Moritz von Drebber
  371st Infantry Division – Generalleutnant Richard Stempel
  VIII Army Corps – General der Artillerie Walter Heitz (promoted January 1943 to Generaloberst)
  76th Infantry Division – Generalleutnant Carl Rodenburg
  113th Infantry Division – Generalleutnant Hans-Heinrich Sixt von Armin
  XI Army Corps – General der Infanterie Karl Strecker
  44th Infantry Division – Generalleutnant Heinrich-Anton Deboi
  376th Infantry Division – Generalleutnant Alexander Edler von Daniels
  384th Infantry Division – Generalleutnant Eccard Freiherr von Gablenz, from 16 January Generalmajor Hans Dörr
 XIV Panzer Corps – General der Panzertruppe Hans-Valentin Hube, from 17 January Generalleutnant Helmuth Schlömer
  3rd Motorized Infantry Division – Generalmajor Helmuth Schlömer, from 18 January Oberst Jobst Freiherr von Hanstein
  60th Motorized Infantry Division – Generalmajor Hans-Adolf von Arenstorff
  16th Panzer Division – Generalleutnant Günther Angern
 LI Army Corps – General der Artillerie Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach
  71st Infantry Division – Generalleutnant Alexander von Hartmann, from 25 January Generalmajor Fritz Roske
  79th Infantry Division – Generalleutnant Richard Graf von Schwerin
  94th Infantry Division – Generalleutnant Georg Pfeiffer
  100th Jäger Division – Generalleutnant Werner Sanne
  295th Infantry Division – Generalmajor Otto Korfes
  305th Infantry Division – Generalleutnant Bernhard Steinmetz
  389th Infantry Division – Generalmajor Erich Magnus, from 19 January Generalmajor Martin Lattmann
  14th Panzer Division – Generalmajor Martin Lattmann
  24th Panzer Division – Generalleutnant Arno von Lenski
  Luftwaffe
 9th Flak Division – Generalmajor Wolfgang Pickert
  Jagdgeschwader 3 – Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke
4th Panzer Army
 XXXXVIII Panzer Corps – General der Panzertruppe Rudolf Veiel until November 1942, followed by many other commanders
  14th Panzer Division, transferred to the 6th Army
  29th Motorized Infantry Division, transferred to the 6th Army
  24th Panzer Division, transferred to the 6th Army
  IV Army Corps - General der Infanterie Viktor von Schwedler
  94th Infantry Division, transferred to the 6th Army
  371st Infantry Division, transferred to the 6th Army
  297th Infantry Division, transferred to the 6th Army
 Romanian 6th Corps - Lieutenant General Corneliu Dragalina, transferred to the Romanian 4th Army

Romanian
Army Group Antonescu
 Third Army – General Petre Dumitrescu
 1st Corps – Lieutenant General
 7th Infantry Division – Brigadier General
 11th Infantry Division – Brigadier General  (POW)
 2nd Corps – Lieutenant General Nicolae Dăscălescu
 9th Infantry Division – Major General
 14th Infantry Division – Major General
 7th Cavalry Division – Colonel Gheorghe Munteanu
 4th Corps – Lieutenant General Constantin Sănătescu
 1st Cavalry Division – Colonel Constantin Brătescu
 13th Infantry Division – Major General Gheorghe Ionescu
 15th Infantry Division – Brigadier General Ioan Sion (KIA)
 5th Corps – Lieutenant General
 5th Infantry Division – Major General  (POW)
 6th Infantry Division – Major General Mihail Lascăr (POW)
 In reserve
 1st Armoured Division – Major General Gheorghe Radu
 Various artillery regiments
Fourth Army – Lieutenant General Constantin Constantinescu-Claps
 6th Corps – Lieutenant General Corneliu Dragalina
 1st Infantry Division – Brigadier General
 2nd Infantry Division – Brigadier General  Dumitru Tudose
 18th Infantry Division – Brigadier General Radu Băldescu
 20th Infantry Division – Major General Nicolae Tătăranu until 19 January 1943, then Brigadier General  (POW)
 7th Corps – Lieutenant General
 4th Infantry Division – Brigadier General Barbu Alinescu
 5th Cavalry Division – Colonel Dumitru Popescu
 8th Cavalry Division – Colonel Radu Korne

See also
 Romanian armies in the Battle of Stalingrad

References

External links
 Lexikon der Wehrmacht
 Commanders at the Battle of Stalingrad

 Map of Stalingrad – 12 December 1942

World War II orders of battle
Battle of Stalingrad
German units at the Battle of Stalingrad


Chabrian Jattan is a village in the Mirpur Tehsil of Mirpur District of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.

Demography

According to 1998 census of Pakistan, its population was  1941.

History

Like in many villages in the Mirpur region, many villagers have emigrated to the United Kingdom. The population is made up of the Jarral Rajput and Jat communities..

References

Populated places in Mirpur District


Monodilepas monilifera cookiana is a subspecies of small sea snail, a keyhole limpet, a subspecies of marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets. This species is known to occur in Cook Strait, New Zealand.

References

 Powell A. W. B., William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979

Fissurellidae
Gastropods of New Zealand


Dreams and Teams is an international programme funded by British Council and UK’s Youth Sports Trust aiming to develop leadership skills among international young leaders around the globe, through sports.

Description
Active in 40 countries, Dreams and Teams has become a platform for young leaders to plan, organise and deliver sports festivals for young people. In 2005, Malaysian young leaders in collaboration with UK young leaders organised an environmental project called “Mangrove replanting – One student One Tree” which was officiated by Suzanna Galvan the then Director of Education and Training British Council Malaysia.

The event received coverage by nation’s TV1 and was mentioned in national and local newspapers. Dreams + Teams encourages young leaders to work with their international counterparts via e-mail, video conferencing and face-to-face contact.

Ukraine
Ukraine is taking part in Dreams and Teams program.
Leader is a young student - Margerita Zhukova.

Cameroon
Located in Central Africa, the Leader was Njoukoumbe Christian Didier between 2009 and 2010. He represented his school G.B.H.S Bafoussam in the U.K in 2010 to represent Cameroon at Oakbank School Keigley and created many activities for the club and with his creative and inspiring leadership attitude made great things for the club in collaboration with his school teammates before he went to start College and obviously other projects. Some of the activities led by Njoukoumbe in his group were usually covered by TV channels as: Samba TV, Equinoxe TV, many more in the school premises, at the Bafoussam Urban Council and in the Streets of Bafoussam. The Collaboration Between G.B.H.S Bafoussam and OakBank School was very positive for both students and pupils in secondary and primary schools, respectively. Other schools who used to take part in the Dreams + Teams in Cameroon were in Ebolowa and Bamenda.

References

Youth organisations based in the United Kingdom
Educational organisations based in the United Kingdom


Monodilepas monilifera is a species of small sea snail or limpets, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets.

This species is known only from New Zealand. Shell size 13-35 mm.

Subspecies are:

 Monodilepas monilifera carnleyensis Powell, 1955
 Monodilepas monilifera cookiana Dell, 1953
 Monodilepas monilifera monilifera (Hutton, 1873)

References

 Powell A. W. B., William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979

Fissurellidae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1873


Promotus Advertising, located in Indianapolis, Indiana, was started by Bruce Bryant in 1983.

The company provides strategic planning, creative services, production services, and account management.

Background
Promotus Advertising was founded during a time when there were very few African Americans working in the advertising business and no African American owned agencies. Promotus used this fact to position itself as an urban and ethnic marketing firm. It is a strategy that has sustained the agency. Revenue increased to just over $8 million for 2008 and the agency has been given local and national awards.

References

External links
Promotus Advertising
Social Media Marketing

Advertising agencies of the United States
Marketing companies established in 1983
Companies based in Indianapolis


Mechanical alloying (MA) is a solid-state and powder processing technique involving repeated cold welding, fracturing, and re-welding of blended powder particles in a high-energy ball mill to produce a homogeneous material. Originally developed to produce oxide-dispersion strengthened (ODS) nickel- and iron-base superalloys for applications in the aerospace industry, MA has now been shown to be capable of synthesizing a variety of equilibrium and non-equilibrium alloy phases starting from blended elemental or pre-alloyed powders. The non-equilibrium phases synthesized include supersaturated solid solutions, metastable crystalline and quasicrystalline phases, nanostructures, and amorphous alloys.

Metal mixes
Mechanical alloying is akin to metal powder processing, where metals may be mixed to produce superalloys. Mechanical alloying occurs in three steps. First, the alloy materials are combined in a ball mill and ground to a fine powder. A hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process is then applied to simultaneously compress and sinter the powder.  A final heat treatment stage helps remove existing internal stresses produced during any cold compaction which may have been used.  This produces an alloy suitable for high heat turbine blades and aerospace components.

Design
Design parameters include type of mill, milling container, milling speed, milling time, type, size, and size distribution of the grinding medium, ball-to-powder weight ratio, extent of filling the vial, milling atmosphere, process control agent, temperature of milling, and the reactivity of the species.

Process
The process of mechanical alloying involves the production of a composite powder particles by:
 Using a high energy mill to favor plastic deformation required for cold welding and reduce the process times
 Using a mixture of elemental and master alloy powders (the latter to reduce the activity of the element, since it is known that the activity in an alloy or a compound could be orders of magnitude less than in a pure metal)
 Eliminating the use of surface-active agents which would produce fine pyrophoric powder as well as contaminate the powder
 Relying on a constant interplay between welding and fracturing to yield a powder with a refined internal structure, typical of very fine powders normally produced, but having an overall particle size which was relatively coarse, and therefore stable.

Milling
During high-energy milling the powder particles are repeatedly flattened, cold welded, fractured and rewelded. Whenever two steel balls collide, some powder is trapped between them. Typically, around 1000 particles with an aggregate weight of about 0.2 mg are trapped during each collision. The force of the impact plastically deforms the powder particles, leading to work hardening and fracture. The new surfaces thus created enable the particles to weld together; this leads to an increase in particle size. Since in the early stages of milling, the particles are soft (if using either ductile-ductile or ductile-brittle material combination), their tendency to weld together and form large particles is high. A broad range of particle sizes develops, with some as large as three times larger than the starting particles. The composite particles at this stage have a characteristic layered structure consisting of various combinations of the starting constituents. With continued deformation particles become work hardened, and fracture by a fatigue failure mechanism and/or by the fragmentation of fragile flakes.

References

 Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. Recrystallisation of practical mechanically alloyed iron-based and nickel-base superalloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A223, 64-77 (1997)
 P. R. Soni, Mechanical Alloying: Fundamentals and Applications, Cambridge Int Science Publishing, 2000 - Science - 151 pages.

External links
 Mechanical alloying, comprehensive information from University of Cambridge.

Alloys
Metallurgy
Metallurgical processes
Welding


Monodilepas otagoensis is a species of small sea snail, a keyhole limpet, a subspecies of marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets.

This species has only been found in New Zealand.

Description
Monodilepas otagoensis was originally discovered and described by Harold John Finlay in 1930.

References

Fissurellidae
Gastropods described in 1930
Taxa named by Harold John Finlay


Lee Bul (, born in Yeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea in 1964) is a contemporary sculpture and installation artist who appeared on the art scene in the late 1980s. Her work questions patriarchal authority and the marginalization of women by revealing ideologies that permeate our cultural and political spheres.

These themes take form in cold, mechanical sculptures and installations that reflect the ideals of a futuristic society. She has focused on shaping oppression of women, commercialization of sex, etc. that are intensified in a male-dominated society through various performances and objects. Since her introduction to the world of art, she has caught the eyes of the world of art all around the world with various ambitious artworks. She has been described as the most famous artist in South Korea.

Lee Bul presented an innovative performance using her own body and a three-dimensional textile artwork. Also, in an invitational exhibition of MoMA (The Museum of Modern Art) in the United States, she brought even the sense of rotten smell in process of time to the exhibition by using raw fish.

In 1999, Lee was awarded an honorable mention at the 48th Venice Biennale for her contribution to both the Korean Pavilion and the international exhibition curated by Harald Szeemann.

Biography
On January 25, 1964, Lee was born to political dissident parents in Yeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, under the rule of President Park Chung-Hee. During her studies at Hongik University in Seoul, Lee was exposed to conventional mediums: stone and steel forms. As an independent artist, she worked with softer, more malleable materials, such as fabric, foam, rubber and sequins, then experimented with organic forms, originating from personal perceptions, memories and experiences. Furthermore, she played with themes of othering, directed from her experiences as a child of dissidents; outward appearances were deemed vital to survival, so Lee was curious about reactions to a grotesque outer shell.

Lee Bul was involved in the global arts scene and the "New Generation", or "3-8-6" generation, a group of young abstractionist artists experimenting with painting, sculpture, media art. The 3 digit marker refers to a generation, born in the 1960s, who went to university in the 1980s, while in their thirties. They had escaped from the Korean War and witnessed massive student engagement in Minjung-led demonstrations when of age. She and Choi Jeong Hwa are among the group’s representatives. The group identified with anarchic, transgressive experimentalism, as a form of rebellion against Minjung art, traditional aesthetics and political messages. She and Choi Jeong-hwa founded the art group Museum (Myujiom) in 1987, in response to the politically charged Minjung art groups. The Museum advocated “the meaning of being meaningless,” rather than possessing specific ideologies. Lee Bul's participation in the Museum was a distrustful reaction to authoritarian ideas on aesthetics under years of military dictatorship. Like other 3-8-6 artists, her art focused on daily experiences and an interest in the body. Driven by the desire to shock the audience, her performances and sculptural installations of the 1980s were unconventional for their provocativeness and merging performance with unusual sculptural forms. Lee's Majestic Splendor series (1991), which were installations of decomposing fish decorated with sequins within clear Mylar bags explored themes of beauty, vulnerability, decay and dread. The ornamental pattern, representing class, gender and power, would serve as remnants of beauty through past memory. For Lee, sequins have a sentimental association, as her mother crafted bags and other accessories, while sequins are a symbol of Korean female labour, female vanity and fantasy. Many women made sequined bags and purses (in the 1970s) in the textile industry, under unpleasant conditions. Furthermore, she was the first female artist to represent Korea at the Venice Biennale. The Korean Pavilion at Venice was guaranteed success with Lee Bul's award of Honourable Mention.

Lee currently lives and primarily works in Seoul, South Korea.

Work
Most of Lee's artworks are installation pieces that involve the audience or herself being placed into the work. Her work appears to refer to some of the brutality of the Korean government up through 1987, with reference to torture. Lee pulls inspiration for her work from a variety of sources including film, literature, architecture, and the political and cultural history of Europe and South Korea. In an interview with Lee Bul by Soraya Murray, Lee mentions that despite her upbringing in a very political family, Lee has never personally identified with South Korea's late-coming feminist movement. “I don’t believe in any ‘isms’ ” she says. But she is an artist who constantly questions political ideals. A lot appears to comment on the ideals surrounding women’s bodies and the desire for bodily improvement. For Lee's Live Forever (2001), there is conflict between human and nature, encapsulated in the struggle for immortality through technology is elaborated upon with. In this multi- media installation, three white pods that resemble futuristic auto designs are arranged in the exhibition space. The appearance of the work is like a streamlined concept car, very futuristic. Unlike any of Lee's previous works, this work is fluid and is a rare piece of art accessible to the audience. Viewers can see the occupants through the glass. In the Live Forever capsule, sound can't be heard because Lee Bul uses acoustic foam to silence the noise. Futuristic and clean, these objects are beyond the abjection of Lee's monsters or her amputee female cyborgs. Nevertheless they remain ambivalent objects, compositing controlled, phallic external profiles with richly upholstered interiors that suggest prenatal chambers.

Soraya Murray in the article “Cybernated Aesthetics: Lee Bul and the Body Transfigured” mentions " Live Forever resonates with the same intensity as the artist's former explorations of technology and the body. In their visual control and denial of uncontrollability, the karaoke pods powerfully address embodiment through their almost hysterical, technological containment of the Aesh. Simultaneously, this project continues Lee's engagement with women's bodies, particularly female sexuality as a modernist trope for the seductive and annihilative power of modern technology. In 1989, her performance "Abortion," was Lee Bul's first performance art in which she is naked in front of an audience, tied by a rope and hanging upside down from the ceiling, head to the ground, looking in agony. This position is like an infant emerging from the womb, which is materializing the difficulty of obtaining an abortion. She was considered at the forefront of avant-garde art in the metropolises of Tokyo and Seoul. Lee's work consistently breaches psychological, social, and political taboos while providing provocative homages to fear, pathos, beauty, and humor. As one of the only contemporary. Lee raised issues of “art vs craft” and of the laboring class through her embroidery works with sequins and beads and sublimated female crafts as art. Such crafts were an unrecognized means of livelihood for restless working-class women with children and housework to attend to. Sorry for suffering – You think I’m a puppy on a picnic 1990 is inspired from where Lee walked the streets of Tokyo dressed in one of her soft sculptures, interacting with a few passersby. Installed throughout the exhibition hall are two timelines explaining the political landscape that shaped much of Lee's practice, the timelines appropriately address the marginalization of women in South Korea from 1960 – 2000 and historical guidance of the North and South Korean division. This is believed to be a feminist critique on the controlling of women's bodies in patriarchal East Asian society, given Lee had transformed her female body into something monstrous; something socially unacceptable. Lee wanted to wear the outfit on a flight, but airport staff said she was too fat and bulky, so she was not allowed to fly. After some debate it was finally agreed that Lee could board the plane, provided she bought two seats. How better to show the restrictions placed on our bodies, than by donning a monster suit, and defying the (airline) rules?

I Need You (Monument)
From 1996 and 1999, Lee completed three mixed media installations that incorporate photographs of the artist with large scale inflatable forms. One of these installations, entitled I Need You (Monument) (1996), features a swelling, phallic object with a photograph of an orientalize and lingerie-clad Lee on the front. Beneath the mass lies an array of pedals for viewers to further aerate the object. Notable is Lee's juxtaposition of title and medium, which contrasts the vulnerability of inflatables with hegemonic ideas of what a monument is made of. Furthermore, her use of pedals draws attention to society's contribution to traditional ideals.

Majestic Splendor
Having been installed in a number of galleries around the world, Lee created her first rendition of Majestic Splendor in 1991 and has displayed it in exhibits several times since then. Majestic Splendor features several real dead fish that are decorated with sequins, beads, and other small flashy items. They are placed in plastic bags and pinned to the wall of the gallery in a grid pattern. Since they are real fish then over the course of the exhibition they begin to smell. In 1997, during the Projects showing at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the exhibit had to be removed because the smell got so powerful that guards at the museum were becoming physically ill. After this Lee began using potassium permanganate, which is combustible, to help neutralize the smell.

In 2018 Majestic Splendor was intended to be on display at the Hayword Gallery in London as part of Lee Bul: Crashing, however, after being made aware of the potential dangers of potassium permanganate it was decided that the work would not be suitable to have on public display. While it was being removed from the premises the potassium permanganate activated and started a small fire, delaying the opening of the exhibition.

Cyborg sculptures
Lee Bul's Cyborg series (1997-2000) was first exhibited at the Artsonje Center in Seoul, Korea in 1998. The bodies did not have a distinct biological gender, but seemed to possess female, hourglass shapes. A monster, titled Monster: Black (1998), a pile of excrement with multiple tentacles stands between them, which serves as a seven-foot tidal wave that towers over the sleek figures. Human and machine forms merge to give birth to a third. Female accentuated and idealized forms in ancient Greek culture, sexual charge of Japanese manga. Her cyborgs are simultaneously well-proportioned and sensuous and fragmented- a symbol of human imperfection, despite its biological and cyber nature to transcend physical and mental limitations. The sensual aspect alludes to the repressed life of ancient Greek women and women's objectified nature in manga. As a monster and cyborg, the body can explore the extremes beyond what is human.  The cyborgs, W1-W4, for instance, are four white figures hang from the ceiling, casting ghostly shadows. The headless, one-armed and one-legged figures are abnormally pornographic, with waists, breasts and buttocks accentuated by the armorlike corsets that don them. Lee states, "There's a very strange, ambivalent mixture of nostalgia for an impossible purity (usually embodies in the form of virginal young girls” and a dread of uncontrollable and potentially destructive sexual energy and power sublimated into the forms of machines.”   Cyborgs, monsters and hybrids transcends models of identity involving nation, gender, race or class. The cyborg merges human and machine boundaries, providing an inherent acceptance of possible aberrations to the body. Lee's work is associated with cybernated aesthetics, or the human experience induced by technological object and artist.

Lee's fascination with early 20th century Modernism is reflected in her Cyborg series. Hans Bellmer, a male artist writes about a man who identifies with his artificial female offspring with her position as a passive victim, while remaining on the outside, as a voyeur. Similarly, other avant-garde artists created not only puppeteered victims to bond with, but machine women who threatened to destroy or castrate men. Lee Bul incorporates these ideas of a frightening, castrating woman, a nice, innocent Asian woman, a puppet, flower, butterfly, insect, fish (symbols of beautiful fragility) and the woman as a damaged victim and growing, fertile, knotted techno monster. The intricate knots and tangles portray femininity as something that can not be identified easily, resulting in a paradoxical nature of being beautifully ornate, but disgusting and terrifying.

Lee Bul's cyborgs represent tropes for fear and fascination with the uncategorizable, the uncanny,” in her words.  Her body assumed monstrous appendages, in early performances, such as “Sorry for Suffering- You think I’m a puppy on a picnic? (1990),” where she attempted to wear a red body suit, while boarding a plane. Although her cyborgs stick to a coherent form in Amaryllis (1999), Supernova and Crysallis (2000), they have a disconnect from the viewer for their paradoxical characteristics: “male and female,” “glorious and sinister,” “familiar and alien,” “grotesque and strangely seductive.”  As Lee presents her own body as monstrous and alien, her cybernated bodies assumes the same nature. As a result, there is no comfort zone between object and viewer, and an attained conflict between human and nature and quest to attain immortality through technology- Live Forever (2001). Furthermore, a limbo between time and location has been established. Yvonne Volkart states that Lee Bul causes the viewer to examine their doubts and the process of their journey, including the people that they may meet. Her Cyborg series has given her the label of “feminist artist” by critics, but she passionately criticizes any irrational societal tradition or practice. For her, the body exists as an object and the self. The cyborg, despite its defective state, looks enduring and something to not be replaced or to be ashamed of; it can remain valiant.

Other activities
In 1998, Lee was selected as one of six shortlisted artists, including Huang Yong Ping, William Kentridge, Pipilotti Rist, Lorna Simpson and the eventual winner, Douglas Gordon, for the Hugo Boss Prize.

Exhibitions
Lee has had solo exhibitions worldwide including Live Forever which toured the New Museum of Contemporary Art in New York and The Power Plant in Toronto. She was selected as a finalist for the 1998 Hugo Boss Prize by the Guggenheim Museum, New York.

Other museums that have presented exhibitions of her work include Fondation Cartier, Paris; Domus Artium, Salamanca; Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney; Japan Foundation, Tokyo; MAC, Musée d'Art Contemporain, Marseille; Le Consortium; Fabric Workshop and Museum, Philadelphia; Kunsthalle Bern, Switzerland; and the Museum of Modern Art, New York.

Her two-person exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, was titled Projects 57, Bul Lee, Matsui Chie was held in 1996. Bul Lee and Matsui Chie were presented as avant-garde female artists who were using installation art to challenge male-dominated social norms in far east Asia.

In March 2010, the Hara Museum ARC unveiled a permanent installation by Lee Bul entitled A Fragmentary Anatomy of Every Setting Sun. In February 2012, Tokyo's Mori Art Museum mounted a mid-career survey exhibition, the artist's largest exhibition to date.

In this video "Artist Lee Bul reveals her thinking and inspiration behind her site-specific installation at the Turbine Hall of the Industrial Precinct on Cockatoo Island, titled ‘Willing To Be Vulnerable’ (2015–16) for the Embassy of the Real."  Biennale of Sydney, "Artist interview with Lee Bul about Willing To Be Vulnerable," in Smarthistory, September 10, 2021, accessed December 1, 2021, https://smarthistory.org/artist-interview-with-lee-bul-about-willing-to-be-vulnerable/.

The Southbank Centres newly reopened Hayward Gallery hosted a survey of Lee's artists work beginning at the end of May 2018, her first in London; which explores the artist's extensive investigation into the body and its relationship to architectural space. Occupying the entire gallery, this exhibition includes documentation of early performances, sculptural works from the iconic Monster, Cyborg and Anagram series and recent immersive installations, as well as a selection of the artist's studio drawings.

In November 2020, an exhibition of the artist's work opened at St. Petersburg's Manege Central Exhibition Hall, 'marking a first-time encounter between Lee Bul's works and those by artists of the Russian avant-garde that influenced them.'

Solo exhibitions

*denotes a two-person show

Recognition and awards

References

External links
Lee Bul studio

20th-century sculptors
21st-century sculptors
Installation artists
1964 births
Living people
People from Yeongju
Hongik University alumni
South Korean contemporary artists
South Korean women artists
20th-century women artists
21st-century women artists
20th-century South Korean artists
21st-century South Korean artists
Recipients of the Ho-Am Prize in the Arts


Taking the Stage is a musical reality show set at the School for Creative and Performing Arts in Cincinnati, Ohio.  It is produced by Nick Lachey, a SCPA alumnus, for MTV. The first season chronicled the lives of five high school students and their friends as they train for careers in the arts. The 2nd season aired from January to April 2010 on Thursday nights on MTV at 11 pm.

MTV canceled the show in May 2010.

Starring

This is the Main Cast for all seasons according to MTV. For a full list of current and former cast members of Taking The Stage, see Seasons
  Main Cast Member

Seasons
For full cast descriptions, synopsis', episode guides, and more see below.
Taking The Stage (season 1)
Taking The Stage (season 2)

References

External links
Official Website

American LGBT-related reality television series
MTV original programming
Cincinnati Public Schools
Television shows set in Cincinnati
2000s American high school television series
2010s American high school television series
2000s American reality television series
2010s American reality television series
2009 American television series debuts
2010 American television series endings
Music of Cincinnati
Television series about teenagers
Works about performing arts education


The Festning Tunnel () is a motorway tunnel on European Route E18 in the city center of Oslo, Norway. The tunnel has two tubes, with three lanes in each. It runs from Bjørvika, under Akershus Fortress, The City Hall Square and Vika to Filipstad. The tunnel is  and  elevation at the deepest.

The tunnel was previously also known as the Mountain Line () and the Oslo Tunnel (). The name Fjellinjen was since taken over by the company responsible for charging toll fees on the urban toll ring in Oslo. The tunnel changed its official name from the Oslo Tunnel to the Festning Tunnel in 1998 to avoid confusion with the railway tunnel with the same name. In 2008 and 2009, the electrical installation in the tunnel is being upgraded, financed through toll fees, costing .

In the west, the tunnel connects to Dronning Mauds gate with a cloverleaf intersection, and also has the intersection prepared for a future Slottspark Tunnel. In the east, it connects to Nylandsveien and Ring 1 at Bjørvika. In 2012, the Bjørvika Tunnel will be constructed below Bjørvika, and the new tunnel will connect directly with the Festning Tunnel.

The tunnel was built to remove traffic from The City Hall Square, the square in front of the Oslo City Hall, and allow better access to the waterfront from the city. After the tunnel opened in January 1990, cars remained on The City Hall Square until 1994. In 1995, the Vika Line of the Oslo Tramway was built across the square.

References

Tunnels completed in 1990
European route E18 in Norway
Road tunnels in Oslo
1990 establishments in Norway
Toll tunnels in Norway


Bass Player is a magazine for bassists. Each issue offers a variety of artist interviews, lessons, and equipment reviews. The magazine was founded in 1988 as a spinoff of Guitar Player magazine, with Jim Roberts as its first editor. The original headquarters was in San Francisco, CA. It began as a regular edition magazine in 1990.

Currently published by Future US, Bass Player held an annual event for bassists, Bass Player LIVE!. From 2004 until 2007 Bass Player LIVE! was held in New York City; from 2008 until 2017 it was held in Hollywood, California.

Editors
Jim Roberts, March 1990 to December 1996
Karl Coryat, January 1997 to January 1998
Richard Johnston, February 1998 to July 2001
Bill Leigh, August 2001 to March 2009
Jonathan Herrera, April 2009 to December 2010
Brian Fox, January 2011 to June 2014
Chris Jisi, July 2014 to October 2018
Joel McIver, November 2018 to date

Lifetime Achievement Awards
In most years since 1998, Bass Player has awarded Lifetime Achievement Awards to notable bassists, as follows:

 1998 Milt Hinton, Bobby Rodriguez
 1999 Chuck Rainey
 2000 Joe Osborn, Percy Heath
 2001 Jerry Jemmott, Leo Fender
 2002 [no award]
 2003 [no award]
 2004 Anthony Jackson, Will Lee (bassist)
 2005 Ron Carter, Jack Bruce
 2006 Stanley Clarke
 2007 Lee Sklar, Tony Levin
 2008 Carol Kaye, Verdine White, Mike Watt
 2009 Rocco Prestia, Charlie Haden
 2010 Bootsy Collins, Alphonso Johnson
 2011 Jack Casady, James Jamerson, Larry Graham
 2012 Chris Squire, Aston Barrett, Jaco Pastorius
 2013 Geezer Butler, Lee Rocker
 2014 Abe Laboriel, Sr
 2015 Lemmy, Nathan East, Louis Johnson
 2016 Billy Sheehan, George Porter Jr, Tim Bogert
 2017 Flea, Jimmy Johnson, Donald "Duck" Dunn
 2018 [no award]
 2019 John Patitucci
 2020 [no award]
 2021 Marcus Miller, Gail Ann Dorsey, John Taylor, Charles Berthoud

References

1988 establishments in California
Guitar magazines
Magazines established in 1988
Magazines published in San Francisco
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Music magazines published in the United States


The Bertrand was a steamboat which sank on April 1, 1865, while carrying cargo up the Missouri River to Virginia City, Montana Territory, after hitting a snag in the river north of Omaha, Nebraska. Half of its cargo was recovered during an excavation in 1968, more than 100 years later. Today, the artifacts are displayed in a museum at the DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge near Missouri Valley, Iowa. The display makes up the largest intact collection of Civil War-era artifacts in the United States, and are an invaluable time capsule of everyday life during that period.

History

Launch and voyages
The Bertrand was launched in Wheeling, West Virginia in 1864. It measured  long, with a beam of ; its total burden was reported as 251 tons. A shallow-draft vessel, it drew only  when light, and perhaps no more than twice that when loaded. Sources differ regarding the ownership of the Bertrand, but it probably belonged to the Montana and Idaho Transportation Line, which was based in St. Louis, Missouri. The firm was owned in part by John J. Roe of St. Louis.

The Bertrand was part of an extensive water-based regional trading system that developed during the mid to late 19th century. Only since 1859 had steamboats been traveling up the Missouri River to Fort Benton, Montana Territory. When gold was found at the Alder Gulch claim in Montana in 1863, streams of hopeful prospectors migrated to the area from other states, creating one of the most prosperous frontier cities, Virginia City. Within a year of the find, more than 35,000 people were living within a 10-mile radius of the discovery site.

J.J. Roe and his partners entered the shipping business in 1864, creating a line to ship goods up the Missouri River to the frontier of the Montana Territory. J.J. Roe & Co. also invested in the Diamond R Transportation Co., which established a system of ox trains to bring goods to more remote locations some hundreds of miles from the river. Prospectors and settlers created the demand for the goods that the steamboats were able to bring up the Missouri. By 1867, there were 113 different businesses registered in Virginia City to provide goods and services. Soon, the Alder Gulch Gold Camp grew into one of the largest frontier gold mining towns. It would prove one of the largest gold payoffs from the Rocky Mountains. The Missouri River was a major transportation route that sustained these Montana gold mines and the budding cities.

River routes were also integral to the fur trade between St. Louis and the Indian country that provided the furs, which had been going on since the early 19th century. J.J. Roe & Co. consistently took goods upriver and brought furs and other extractive materials back down the river. On one trip in 1865, the ship unloaded in St. Louis with 260 packs of furs.

The trip from St. Louis to the new Montana Territory took about two months and was often dangerous, due to the remoteness of the region and the possibility of encounters with hostile Indian tribes, but the profits were well worth the hardships. J.J. Roe entered the market with other merchants, businessmen, and salesmen in this period, all earning their profits from supplying the demands of the settlers for consumable goods. This was an incredibly profitable economic niche on the frontier.

Sinking
On April 1, 1865, under the command of Captain James Yore, the steamboat Bertrand struck a submerged log in the Desoto Bend of the Missouri River, about  upstream of Omaha, Nebraska. In less than ten minutes, it sank in  of water. No people died, but almost the entire cargo was lost; the estimated combined value of the vessel and cargo was $100,000.

Rediscovery
More than 100 years later, in 1968, private salvagers Sam Corbino and Jesse Pursell discovered the wreck in the DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge, managed by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Since the boat was found on government property, the men had to comply with the Antiquities Act of 1906, by which they relinquished all of the recovered artifacts to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for permanent preservation. More than 10,000 cubic feet of cargo and over 500,000 artifacts were recovered from the hold during the excavation. The artifacts represent a time capsule of life in 1865 and are now on display at the museum of the DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge near Missouri Valley, Iowa.

Excavated artifacts

The cargo found on the excavated Bertrand provides a unique glimpse into the material life of Virginia City, Montana Territory. The steamboat was full of clothing, tools, food, and various consumer items on their way upriver. The ship's cargo amounted to roughly 283 cubic meters. The collection includes dried and salted beef, mutton, and pork; oysters; pepper sauce; strawberries, peaches, and peanuts; mustard from France; many bottles of whiskey including bourbon; brandy and brandied cherries; and medicine bottles. There were over 3,000 textiles and clothing items, including gloves, hats, trousers, and 137 men's coats in seven different styles. Household goods included mirrors, clocks, and silverware. There were also various building supplies for the growing town. The largest consignment of the goods was bound for the Vivian and Simpson retailer in Virginia City. They would have also been sold from log cabin stores in the surrounding towns, including that of Frank Worden, the founder of Missoula.

Many of the goods were beyond the expectations of a primitive mining town. The ship also carried everything necessary to mine the Montana claims, including blasting powder, pickaxes, and shovels. All the goods were fully insured, and the insurance company ultimately reimbursed the merchants for their losses. Far from being totally isolated from the rest of the country and its consumption and fashion habits, men and women on the frontier appear to have been relatively integrated and informed. The artifacts from the Bertrand represent the evidence of what kinds of goods flowed from St. Louis to the Montana Territory during this important period of American state formation. More generally, water travel and the development of the steamboat played a major role in the settlement and development of America.

In 1974, samples of canned food from the wreck, including brandied peaches, oysters, plum tomatoes, honey, and mixed vegetables, were tested by the National Food Processors Association. Although their appearance, smell, and vitamin content had deteriorated, there was no trace of microbial growth and the food was determined to be still safe to eat.

References

 Steamboat Bertrand, US Fish and Wildlife Service
 , Nebraska State Historical Society
 Cech, Thomas V. Principles of Water Resources: History, Development, Management and Policy.  Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.
 Gaines, Craig W.  Encyclopedia of Civil War Shipwrecks,  Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2008.
 Meyer, Deborah J. C. and Laurel E. Wilson. "Bringing Civilization to the Frontier: The Role of Men’s Coats in 1865 Virginia City, Montana Territory." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 1998, 16:19.
 Orser, Charles E.  Encyclopedia of Historical Archeology. New York: Routledge, 2002.
 Sunder, John E.  The Fur Trade on the Upper Missouri: 1840-1865, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993
 Switzer, Ronald R. The Bertrand Bottles - A Study of 19th Century Glass and Ceramic Containers. National Park Service, 1974.
 Switzer, Ronald R. The Steamboat Bertrand and Missouri River Commerce. University of Oklahoma Press, 2013.

1864 ships
1865 in Nebraska Territory
1968 archaeological discoveries
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Nebraska
History of Iowa
Pre-statehood history of Nebraska
Shipwrecks of the Missouri River
Shipwrecks on the National Register of Historic Places in Nebraska
Steamboats of the Missouri River
Steamships of the United States
Ships on the National Register of Historic Places in Nebraska
Maritime incidents in April 1865
National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Nebraska


Sarcophaga bullata, or the grey flesh fly, is a species of fly belonging to the family Sarcophagidae. It varies in size from small to large, 8 to 17 millimeters in length and is very similar in appearance and behavior to a closely related species, Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis. S. bullata is a common scavenger species in the Eastern United States, but is found throughout the Nearctic region. Identification down to the species level in the family Sarcophagidae is notably difficult and relies primarily on the male genitalia. Though limited information is available regarding S. bullata, it has gained increasing recognition in the field of forensic entomology as a forensically relevant fly species, as it may be among the first species to colonize human remains.  In these instances, recovered maggots may be analyzed for post-mortem interval (PMI) estimations, which may be used as evidence in courts of law. Current studies regarding S. bullata have revealed a maternal effect operating in these flies that prevents pupal diapause under certain environmental conditions, which is an important factor to be considered during forensic analyses.

Taxonomy
Classification of the species has also proved difficult, as it has for much of the family Sarcophagidae. C.H. Murran, for instance, included Sarcophagidae in a larger family, Metopidae, that added some Muscidae and some Tachinidae.  Most, however, consider S. bullata to be a member of the subfamily Sarcophaginae within Sarcophagidae. Beyond that, the family can be split into tribes before defining genus. S. bullata is widely accepted to be a member of the genus Sarcophaga, but it is also included by some in a subgenus, Neobellieria.

Morphology

Head
Sarcophaga bullata is approximately 8 to 17 millimeters in length. The head is colored ashen grey, and the arista (hair) of the antenna is plumose (feather-like) only at the base, unlike a Calliphorid fly, whose arista is plumose the entire length. The eyes of S. bullata are bright red in color, and are rather widely separated on the top of the head. On the genae, or cheeks, are long bristly hairs. Two orbital bristles are present on the females, while the orbital bristles are absent on the males.

Thorax
Present on the thorax are three contrasting black and grey longitudinal stripes; these stripes do not continue onto the abdomen. Sarcophaga have 4, rather than the normal 2 or 3, notopleural bristles, and 3 sternopleural bristles. A prominent row of black bristles (setae) can be found on each side of the thorax, just above the base of the hind leg and just under the base of the wing. These two sets of bristles are what differentiate Sarcophagidae from Muscidae. S. bullata lacks the postscutellum, the large swelling underneath the scutellum of the thorax, which distinguishes the flesh fly from Tachinid. S. bullata have black legs, translucent wings, and do not have a costal spine.

Abdomen

The abdomen is grey and slender, with a median black stripe. It is checkered with a shifting pattern and black reflecting spots. Sarcophaga most resemble the blow fly, but never have metallic colored abdomens. There are no bristles on the middle tibia of the fly, but the hind tibia has fringed or long hairs irregularly placed. The genitalia is located on the end of the abdomen and in the males is a bright red color. The genitalia is one of the main identification characteristics used to identify the different genera of Sarcophagidae.

Development
The life cycle of Sarcophaga bullata is characterized by holometabolous development, though, like all known sarcophagids, the species is larviparous, meaning that the egg develops internally and females then give birth to first-instar larvae. This must be accounted for when using the species in forensic work to calculate a post-mortem interval.

Eggs
Though not much has been written specifically on the reproductive cycle of S. bullata, Sarcophagids are thought to be consistent within the family when it comes to life cycle. The eggs themselves are about 0.5 to 3.5 millimeters in length and 0.12 to 0.8 millimeters in width, though hatching occurs within the uterus just before the deposition of larvae.

Larva
Sarcophagidae larvae are white or pale yellow, cylindrical, and tapered anteriorly. All segments beyond the first have anterior and posterior bands of hairs. The mandibles are usually strong and curved, resembling a hook. Posterior spiracles are sunken in, which is a characteristic that can be used to distinguish between flesh fly and blow fly larvae. Larvae are most often found in decaying animal matter.

First instar:

First instar Sarcophagidae larvae are 0.5 to 5.0 millimeters long. The Sarcophaginae larvae, specifically, usually lack a labral sclerite, but in some cases it is present as a small, triangular plate located between the mandibles. The first segment is at times sclerotized on the dorsal surface, which can form a partial head capsule. The Sarcophaginae have a hypopharyngeal sclerite that is sometimes fused with the large tentoropharyngeal sclerite. They also lack an anterior spiracle, while the posterior spiracle usually consists of two lobes; rarely it may be bispinose.

Second instar:

Second instar larvae of the family Sarcophagidae are 4.0 to 10.0 millimeters long and closely resemble the third instar with the exception being that the posterior spiracle has only two openings.

Third instar:

Third instar larvae are 9.5 to 20 millimeters long. The mandibles are by now large and strongly curved. The dorsal cornu of the tentorpharyngeal sclerite appears incised due to a narrow apical window. The anterior spiracle is present with a short stalk that branches into several nodes, resembling a fan. The posterior spiracles now consist of three vertical slits within a sunken oval cavity. This cavity is surrounded by 8 to 12 tubercles, of which the dorsal ones are often sclerotized and have toothed processes, while the ventral tubercles are often covered in nipple-like projections. The anal opening is located in a fairly prominent posteroventral lobe that also has lateral tubercles.

Distribution
Sarcophaga bullata do not have wide natural distribution, and can only be found in the Nearctic region, or the part of North America that is north of Mexico. It is most common in the eastern and southern United States, but can be found from the western coast of the United States to Canada.  S. bullata are commonly found in rural and urban environments, and it is commonly found in houses and indoor dwellings, especially during the summer months. The flies prefer the warmer months, and are active from May to September, with the majority of the activity in August and September.

Feeding habits
Adults of the family Sarcophagidae do not feed exclusively on carrion, despite the weighty implications of the name "flesh flies;" in fact, adult flies are frequently discovered feeding on sweet substances, such as sap and flower nectar. The flesh-eating character of the family refers primarily to sarcophagid maggots, which feed predominantly on carrion, exposed meat, and excrement. Sarcophaga bullata, in addition to all species of the family Sarcophagidae, may be considered "specialized flies," a term coined by Baker and Baker to describe flies that feed on carrion and dung. Specialized flies have been proven capable of detecting and selectively favoring plant nectars with high amino acid concentrations. Extensive research has suggested that S. bullata females in particular favor amino acid-containing nectars as opposed to strictly sugary nectars, perhaps to secure healthy levels of protein for successful reproduction.

Adult flesh flies are attracted to animal remains in both early and late decomposition stages, and have been known to fly through even the most extreme weather conditions to reach carrion. Though adult flies of the family Calliphoridae typically arrive on human remains before those of Sarcophagidae, sarcophagid adults are unhindered by nearly all climatic conditions and may reach the carrion first during particularly stormy weather. Rather than laying eggs, S. bullata females retain fertilized eggs internally until they develop into first-instar larvae, which are then deposited directly onto carrion. As sarcophagid larvae are larger than those of most other colonizing flies, they often present significant larval competition for other species. Though sarcophagid larvae have been attributed to causing myiasis, a condition in which maggots feed on the tissue of a living human or animal, they are most commonly discovered feeding on animal remains. In the southeastern United States, species of the genus Sarcophaga are the principal flies found during the warm summer months on bodies located indoors, as females frequently enter dwellings to deposit its larvae.

In terms of relevance to decomposing tissue analysis, forensic entomologists must disregard an egg development time period in post-mortem interval (PMI) calculations, as S. bullata and other sarcophagids deposit live larvae on carrion as opposed to eggs. For the same reason, fly egg masses discovered on human remains can be automatically ruled-out as belonging to sarcophagid flies.

Social behavior
It is difficult to quantify the level and nature of "communication" that takes place among sarcophagid adults, though much is known about the role of pheromones in their reproductive physiologies. An experiment by Girard et al. in the 1970s demonstrated that S. bullata males release the sex pheromone hexanal, which was shown to attract over 65% of the females tested from over long distances. In studies regarding the social behavior of adult female sarcophagids larvipositing on animal remains, it has been suggested that adult females prefer to aggregate with other carrion flies and larviposit on carcasses that already have larvae present.  A possible explanation for this selective preference is that an increased number of larvae results in a greater concentration of larval enzymatic secretions on the carrion, aiding in digestion. Sarcophagid larvae are also known to outcompete the larvae of other species and cause their extinction, and occasionally consume the smaller larvae present on animal remains.

Natural predators
S. bullata  has few, if any, specific natural predators due to their dispersal throughout the North American continent. Predators of S. bullata are carnivores, ranging from mammals and reptiles to carnivorous plants. However, a few primary predators are the Stagmomantis californica or the California Mantis, Catopsis berteroniana, Sceloporus undulatus or Eastern Fence Lizard, and the Perimyotis subflavus (Eastern Pipistrelle).

Forensic related research
As members of Sarcophaga bullata are found from coast to coast in the United States and in parts of Canada, these flesh flies have been the focus of many forensically related studies. Most of these studies deal with the immature stages, as maggots are a helpful tool in the forensic world for determining post-mortem interval estimations. One such study concerning S. bullata determined that when evaluating a post-mortem interval, temperature plays a major role in maturation of the maggots and the decomposition of the surrounding tissue. This is an important consideration for forensic entomologists, as the ambient temperature at the crime scene before and during the colonization of human remains by arthropods must be accounted for to ensure that post-mortem interval estimations are accurate.

Another important consideration with the grey flesh flies concerns maggot mass temperature. "Maggot mass" refers to a large group of maggots clustered together at a particular location on a carcass. Reporting an accurate temperature is critical to properly calculating accumulated degree hours in the estimation of a post-mortem interval.  Accumulated degree hours and similar measures are determined to attempt to trace back the "age" of the maggots and determine the time of exposure of decaying tissue. Some scientists claim that maggot mass temperature is generally significantly above ambient air temperature. Others maintain that while maggot mass temperature may be elevated in a laboratory setting, in the field the maggots self-regulate their temperature by moving in and out of the feeding mass. Obviously, more research is needed to determine the general effects of maggot mass temperature.

Other work has been reported concerning tanning in S. bullata with the age pigment lipofuscin. Lipofuscin accumulation in larvae is a linear function of time. Some of the pigment is disposed of at the pupal stage and then linear accumulation resumes in adults. Many projects have focused on an assay of this pigment as it could hold a rather accurate technique for aging S. bullata and other forensically important insects.

Temperature data

To estimate insect age, forensic entomologists must determine the amount of time a particular insect spends in each stage of development and apply this information to temperature data at a crime scene to determine a post-mortem interval estimation. Timing of various insect stages is determined in a laboratory at standardized temperatures so that ranges may be applied to the different temperature conditions encountered in the field. Post-mortem intervals are estimated by determining the accumulated degree days (ADD) or accumulated degree hours (ADH) acquired by each insect stage on the remains; this information is then used to calculate the overall degree days or degree hours accumulated during the insect's entire life cycle and association with the carcass, representing the minimal amount of time the body has been available for colonization by insects. This estimation does not claim to represent an accurate time of death, but rather a minimal time of colonization. This is an important distinction that must be considered with the use of forensic evidence in courts of law.

Accumulated degree days can be determined by subtracting the minimum threshold from the average ambient temperature over a 24-hour period and multiplying the difference by the corresponding number of days. Accumulated degree hours, which are equally useful, are similarly determined by subtracting the minimum threshold from the ambient temperature over a 1-hour period and multiplying the difference by the corresponding number of hours. The term "minimum threshold" refers to the lowest temperature at which an insect species will develop; any temperatures below this threshold will result in delayed development and probable death of the insect in question.

It is important to note that similar calculations may be carried out to determine "accumulated degree minutes," "accumulated degree seconds," etc., though ADD and ADH are typically used in forensic analyses.

For S. bullata, the following temperature data has been determined in a laboratory setting.  These calculations correspond to a standardized temperature of 27 °C.

Other research
Another study was conducted concerning an effect by the mothers of the flesh fly population.  There is a maternal effect that operates in S. bullata that can prevent pupal diapause when reared under short day conditions. It was determined that certain environmental stressors or chemical treatments on the mother, such as extreme temperature shocks, food deprivation and reducing maternal size, were ineffective in altering the diapause-suppressant. However, there were several chemical agents that proved effective. Gamma-aminobutyric acid, octopamine and pilocarpine all countered the maternal affect and permitted the expression of diapause in the flesh fly progeny.  The ability to express diapause is an important consideration for forensic entomologists as diapause allows the pupae to become metabolically "dormant" until environmental conditions improve; this would significantly affect pupal time estimations and subsequent post-mortem interval estimations.

See also
 List of parasites (human)

References

External links
Pape, T. & Carlberg, U. (2001 onwards), A pictorial guide to the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera).
"Sarcophagidae Central" Overview,Identification Annotated bibliography etc.
The Definitive website Thomas Pape
Flesh Fly: Sarcophaga sp. Diagnostic photographs, descriptions and information; female specimen
Flesh Fly: Bellieria sp. Photographs, descriptions and information; female specimen
Family description and images
Images from Diptera info
Fly morphology
Key to the Calyptrate families

Sarcophagidae
Forensic entomology
Insects described in 1916


The Trace Family Trio was a traditional country gospel music group active from 1945 to 1962. The group consisted of Sylvia Trace and her two daughters Darlene and Teena.

Style
The group's style is often compared to the Carter Family, with only a simple guitar accompaniment and occasional piano.

Discography
Earl Sacred Harmony

References

American gospel musical groups
Musical groups established in 1945


The American dramatic television series Touched by an Angel premiered on CBS on September 21, 1994 and ran for nine seasons until its conclusion on April 27, 2003. Its 211 episodes chronicled the cases of two angels, Monica (Roma Downey) and her supervisor Tess (Della Reese), who bring messages from God to various people to help them as they reach a crossroads in their lives. In the second season, the character Andrew (John Dye), was introduced as the angel of death, and in the last two seasons, a new trainee, Gloria (Valerie Bertinelli) is added to the regular cast.

Created by John Masius and produced by Martha Williamson, the series eventually became one of CBS highest-rated series during its third through six seasons, peaking at the sixth highest rated show during its fourth season. Ratings dropped significantly in the eighth season after it was moved from Sunday to Saturday. The episodes use one opening theme, "Walk with You", a song performed by Reese.

Series overview

Episodes

Season 1 (1994–95)

Season 2 (1995–96)

Season 3 (1996–97)

Season 4 (1997–98)

Season 5 (1998–99)

Season 6 (1999–2000)

Season 7 (2000–01)

Season 8 (2001–02)

Season 9 (2002–03)

References

See also
List of Promised Land episodes

External links

E
Lists of American drama television series episodes


Lee & Low Books is an independent children's book publisher focusing on diversity.

History
Lee & Low was founded in 1991 by Chinese Americans Tom Low and Philip Lee as a children's book publisher specializing in books featuring people of color and one of the few minority-owned publishing companies in the United States. Low says, "There was a void in children's books. Most of the books were targeted to Caucasians or contained animals or fairy tales. There was nothing dealing with contemporary issues and people of color.". Lee & Low published its first list in 1993 and immediately gained attention when its first book, Baseball Saved Us was given a full-page review in The New York Times Book Review.

In 1997, founder Tom Low's sons, Jason Low and Craig Low, joined Lee & Low, and in 2004, founder Philip Lee retired.

Lee & Low Books publishes primarily picture books, but in recent years has also published a small number of middle grade and young adult titles.

In January 2012, Lee & Low Books acquired the backlist titles of the now-defunct non-profit publisher, Children's Book Press, as well as the latter's existing contracts with authors and illustrators, with the name itself being revived as an imprint of Lee & Low Books.

In 2021, Lee & Low acquired Cinco Puntos Press.

Research
In 2015, Lee & Low Books partnered with St. Catherine University and Assistant Professor Sarah Park Dahlen to conduct the Diversity Baseline Survey (DBS). The objectives were to look at 1) Gender 2) Race/ethnicity 3) Sexual Orientation 4) Disability in the publishing industry.

The Diversity Baseline Survey (DBS) was sent to 1,524 reviewer employees and 11,713 publishing employees for a total of 13,237 surveys deployed. The DBS survey results confirmed that the publishing industry is overwhelmingly white, at 79%, which corresponded with the numbers from Publishers Weekly annual salary survey.

Arcoiris: books in Spanish
In 1994, Lee & Low began to publish Spanish/English bilingual books and Spanish translations of many of their English titles. The name Arcoiris, Spanish for rainbow, was chosen to reflect the diversity of the books and subject matter.

Bebop Books
Founded in 2000, Bebop Books is an educational imprint of Lee & Low. Bebop Books prints leveled books for early readers in English and Spanish.

Tu Books

Tu Books is an imprint of Lee & Low. Tu Books publishes middle grade and young adult science fiction, fantasy, and mystery featuring people of color or set in worlds inspired by non-Western folklore or culture.

Tu Books was founded as Tu Publishing in 2009 by Stacy Whitman, a freelance children's book editor. In March 2010, Whitman joined Lee & Low as editorial director of the new imprint.

New Voices Award
In 2000, Lee & Low Books established the New Voices Award to encourage writers of color. The award is open to any United States resident of color who has not had a children's picture book published previously. A winner receives $1000 and a standard publication contract, while an Honor Award winner receives $500. While Honor Award winners are not guaranteed publication, several honor books have been published.

New Voices Award recipients

Major awards
Books published by Lee & Low have received several major awards, including some given by the American Library Association, the International Reading Association (IRA), and the New York Public Library.

Major awards won by Lee & Low Books

Notable authors and illustrators
Authors and illustrators with work published by Lee & Low Books include:

Lulu Delacre
Ted Lewin
Betsy Lewin
Joseph Bruchac
Ed Young
Rosa Parks
Carole Boston Weatherford
Pat Mora
David Diaz
George Ancona
John Coy
Lynne Barasch
Benny Andrews
Jim Haskins
Chris Soentpiet
Greg Neri
Kaylani Juanita

See also

Media of New York City
List of publishers of children's books

References

External links
 Lee & Low official website
 Publishing Statistics on Children's Books about People of Color and First/Native Nations and by People of Color and First/Native Nations Authors and Illustrators Documented by the Cooperative Children's Book Center School of Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison
 American Indians in Children's Literature (AICL)

Children's book publishers
Book publishing companies based in New York City
Companies based in New York City
Publishing companies established in 1991
1991 establishments in New York City


Little Missouri State Park is a public recreation area of over  located on the western side of the Little Missouri River, near the river's confluence with Lake Sakakawea,  north of Killdeer, North Dakota. Much of the state park consists of badlands terrain that is only accessible by trail. The park has more than  of trails as well as campgrounds for hiking and equestrian use. The majority of the park's area is managed under lease from federal and private owners.

Visitors' experiences of the park have been impacted by major oil drilling operations in the Killdeer area that began in 2011 and that include land within the park. In 2015, the oil company ConocoPhillips agreed to move trails at its own expense to skirt hikers and riders around well sites. In 2016, Governor Jack Dalrymple asked that drillers make a concerted effort "to preserve the view-scape as much as possible."

References

External links
Little Missouri State Park North Dakota Parks and Recreation
Little Missouri State Park Map North Dakota Parks and Recreation

State parks of North Dakota
Protected areas of Dunn County, North Dakota
Protected areas established in 1971
1971 establishments in North Dakota
State Park


Peplow Hall is a privately owned , 18th-century country house at Peplow, near Hodnet, Shropshire. It is the seat of The Waters family and is a Grade II* listed building.

The manor of Peplow was owned in the 17th century by Hugh Pigot (1631–1697). A later Hugh Pigot replaced the old manor house with a new hall in about 1725, which date is carried on the sundials adorning the central block of the present house. His grandson, Sir George Pigot Bt (1719–1783) the first of the Pigot Baronets, purchased Patshull Hall and sold Peplow to the Clegg family.

In 1831 Anne Clegg, then heiress of the estate, married Rowland Hill of Hawkstone Hall who later in 1842 succeeded to the title Viscount Hill. Hill experienced financial difficulties and in 1873 sold the estate to wealthy industrialist, coal owner and ironmaster Francis Stanier.

Stanier created the present house in 1877 by greatly enlarging the 1725 house. In 1877 he also built the adjacent Epiphany Chapel to a design by architect Richard Norman Shaw. The estate then extended to some  but was reduced by sales in the 20th century and in the 1920s the house and remaining land were offered for sale.

The house was substantially reduced in size in 1932. From about 1945  until 1963 the property was owned by Neville Howard Rollason, a director of the steelmaker John Summers and Sons at Shotton, and after his death it was sold to William B Higgin, son of a Liverpool cotton merchant who had been High Sheriff of Cheshire. Higgin sold the estate to Michael Wynn, 7th Baron Newborough and the hall is no longer the seat of the 8th Baron Newborough, having been sold in 2015.

As of 2015, the Hall is being marketed for £2.75M, with the entire estate taking offers in excess of £12.5M.

See also
Grade II* listed buildings in Shropshire Council (H–Z)
Listed buildings in Hodnet, Shropshire

References

Grade II* listed buildings in Shropshire
Country houses in Shropshire


Guillermo Ricardo Simari is an Argentine computer scientist born in the city of Buenos Aires. He has headed the Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Lab (LIDIA) at National University of the South since 1990.

Since December 2018, he is Professor Emeritus of Logic in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence at National University of the South.

He is co-editor of the Journal of Argument & Computation, and co-editor of the Argumentation Corner of the Journal of Logic and Computation with Francesca Toni and Phan Minh Dung.

He earned his Ph.D. in 1989 at Washington University in St. Louis under the supervision of Ronald Loui.

References

External links
DBLP record of Publications http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/s/Simari:Guillermo_Ricardo.html
Google Scholar Guillermo R. Simari
Argumentation in Artificial Intelligence | SpringerLink (with Iyad Rahwan)
Trends in Belief Revision and Argumentation Dynamics (with Eduardo Fermé and Dov Gabbay)
 College Publications - Logic and cognitive systems
Guillermo R. Simari personal web page
IJCAI-15 web page Home (Local Arrangements Chair)
Dagstuhl Seminars Schloss Dagstuhl : Seminar Homepage, Schloss Dagstuhl : Seminar Homepage

Argentine computer scientists
Living people
Academic staff of Universidad Nacional del Sur
Universidad Nacional del Sur alumni
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
1948 births


Kamran Mirza (; July 22, 1856 – April 15, 1929) was a Persian Prince of Qajar dynasty and third surviving son of Nasser al-Din Shah. He was the brother of Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan and Mozzafar al-Din Shah. He was also the progenitor of the Kamrani Family. He might have been Prime minister of Iran for a few days in April–May 1909, but this is not clearly referenced. Kamran Mirza also served as Iran's Commander-in-Chief, appointed in 1868 for the first time, and minister of war from 1880 to 1896 and from 1906 to 1907.

Biography
Kamran Mirza Nayeb es-Saltaneh, born 22 July 1856 in Tehran, was the son of Nasser al-Din Shah and the brother of Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan and Mozzafar al-Din Mirza. His mother, Monir al-Saltaneh, was the daughter of the architect to the crown. Due to Nasser-ed-Din Shah's dislike of Mozaffar-ed-Din Mirza, he was the Shah's favored son for succession, but on account of the non-Qajar origin of his mother, like his other brother Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan, Kamran Mirza was not eligible for succession to the throne.

He was educated by private tutors and at the Imperial Military College in Tehran. In 1862, when he was 6, Nasser al-Din Shah appointed him as the governor of Tehran with the stewardship of Pasha Khan Amin ol-Molk. He was styled Na'eb es-Saltaneh, Vice Regent, in 1867 before the Shah's trip to Khorasan and was given the title Amir Kabir, grand commander, the highest rank in the Qajar military, by his father in 1869. He was governor of Tehran 1862–1863 and 1875–1876, governor of Qazvin and Gilan 1878–1884, Mazandaran 1878–1884, and Minister for War from 1869 to 1873, 1884, 1896.

The star of Kamran Mirza's fortunes plummeted, but it was not entirely eclipsed, after the assassination of Nasser al-Din Shah in 1896. His daughter, Malekeh Jahan, married to Mohammad Ali Mirza who was later crowned as Mohammad Ali Shah. During the Constitutional Revolution he established the pro-court society. He was minister of war in 1908. In the reign of his grandson, Ahmad Shah, he was Governor-General of Khorasan from 1916 to 1917.

Kamran Mirza Nayeb es-Saltaneh died in Tehran on April 15, 1929, and was buried in Qom. The Kamranieh district in the North Tehran belonged to him. He received the Order of the Royal Portrait, Temsaal-e Homayouni, from his father.

Honours

 Order of the Royal Portrait (Temsal-e-Homayouni) of Persia
 1st Class of the Order of Neshan-e Aqdas of Persia
 1st Class of the Order of the Lion and the Sun of Persia
 Knight of the Order of St. Andrew of Russia
 Knight of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky of Russia
 Knight of the Order of St. Stanislas of Russia
 Knight of the Order of the White Eagle of Russia
 1st class of the Order of St. Anne of Russia
 Grand cross of the Order of Leopold of Austria -1880

Children

Nayeb es-Saltaneh was married to eleven wives. His first wife, Sorour ed-Dowleh was daughter of Morad Mirza Hessam es-Saltaneh Conqueror of Herat son of Abbas Mirza. They had four children, Princess Malakeh Jahan, wife of Mohammad Ali Shah and mother of Soltan Ahmad Shah; Ma’ssoumeh Khanom died in her youth, Qamar-ol-Moluk died when she was 14 and Fath Ali Mirza died aged five. Kamran Mirza also had 22 children from his other wives, 10 daughters and 12 sons.

sons
 Prince Fat'h Ali Mirza
 Prince Mohammad Mehdi Mirza Zell-os-Saltaneh
 Prince Abbas Mirza E'ezaz-es-Saltaneh
 Prince Abdollah Mirza E'etezad Khaqan
 Prince Hassan Ali Mirza Farrokh-od-Dowleh
 Prince Soltan Salim Mirza Salar-e Aghdas
 Prince Ebrahim Mirza Salar-e A'azam
 Prince Mohmmad Reza Mirza Firouz-od-Dowleh
 Prince Mohammad Baqer Mirza Amir Arf'a
 Prince Hossein Ali Mirza Eghtedar-os-Saltaneh
 Prince Mohammad Taqi Mirza Nosrat-ol-Soltan
 Prince Mahmud Mirza Amir Akram

daughters
 Princess Malakeh Jahan, mother of Soltan Ahmad Shah
 Princess Safieh Monir A'azam
 Princess Mahtaban Mo'azaz A'azam
 Princess Ensieh Houra
 Princess Farrokh A'azam
 Princess Banoo Olia
 Princess Nayyer A'azam
 Princess Fakhr-e Olia
 Princess Negar-ol-Molouk
 Princess Banoo Aghdas

References

 Moayer-ol-Mamalek, Dustali (1982). Rejale Asre Nassery.

Qajar princes
1856 births
1929 deaths
Field marshals of Iran
People of the Persian Constitutional Revolution

Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian)
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)
19th-century Iranian politicians
Defence ministers of Iran
20th-century Iranian politicians
Qajar governors of Gilan


Ion Dolănescu (; 25 January 1944 – 19 March 2009) was a Romanian singer of folk music and a politician.

He was married to singer Maria Ciobanu. He was a member of the Greater Romania Party and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies from 2000 to 2004.

Songs
 M-am născut printre Carpați
 Gorjule, grădină dulce
 De când sunt pe-acest pământ Mândro, când ne iubeam noi Să-mi trăiască nevestica Neuitata mea, Maria Au, lele, vino-ncoa (with Maria Ciobanu) Face-m-aș privighetoare (with Maria Ciobanu) Pe sub dealul cu izvorul (with Maria Ciobanu) Pe sub creanga vișinie Tare-i dulce porcul de Crăciun (with Vali Vijelie) Mare ți-e grădina Doamne, iar eu din ea fac parte! Hora de zambalagii Și-am murit și am trait Cu paharu' nu-ți mai trece doru Iarna nu-i ca vara''

References

External links
Ion Dolănescu's Curriculum Vitae at the Romanian Chamber of Deputies website

1944 births
2009 deaths
People from Dâmbovița County
20th-century Romanian male singers
20th-century Romanian singers
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
Greater Romania Party politicians
Burials at Bellu Cemetery


Ormsund Roklub is a rowing club from Oslo, Norway.

Established on 21 July 1883, it is based on Malmøya in the Oslofjord, outside Bekkelaget. Well-known members include the 1912 Olympic bronze winners Claus Høyer, Reidar Holter, Max Herseth, Frithjof Olstad and Olaf Bjørnstad, and the post-war rowers Alf Hansen, Frank Hansen, Lars Bjønness, Magnus Grepperud, Svein Thøgersen and Peter Wærness.

References

Sports clubs and teams in Norway
Sports clubs and teams established in 1883
1883 establishments in Norway
Rowing in Norway
Sport in Oslo


Carter Brey (born 1954) is an American cello virtuoso. He had a prolific solo career from 1981 until 1996 when he became the principal cellist of the New York Philharmonic, a position he still holds today.

Biography
Carter Brey was born in Montclair, New Jersey and grew up in Westchester County, New York. He began playing the violin at age 9 and the cello at age 12 in school, although he did not seriously consider becoming a professional musician until he was 16. He studied under Laurence Lesser and Stephen Kates at Johns Hopkins University's Peabody Institute and later with Aldo Parisot at Yale University, where he was a Wardell Fellow and a Houpt Scholar. He taught at the University of South Florida in between his time at Peabody and Yale. In 1979 he joined the Cleveland Orchestra where he played for two seasons.

Brey came to international attention in 1981 when he won the 3rd Prize of the Rostropovich International Cello Competition, which led to his playing the Robert Schumann Cello concerto under the baton of Mstislav Rostropovich with the National Symphony Orchestra in 1983. In 1982 he won the Young Concert Artists International Auditions, which led to his New York City recital debut at the 92nd Street Y. These competition wins kick-started his career as a cello soloist and he has since performed with almost every major symphony orchestra in the United States under such conductors as Claudio Abbado, Lorin Maazel, Kurt Masur, Semyon Bychkov, Sergiu Comissiona, and Christoph von Dohnanyi.

As a chamber musician, Brey has performed with the Tokyo String Quartet, the Emerson String Quartet, New York Youth Symphony, and the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center. He has performed at the Spoleto festivals in the United States and Italy, the Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival, the La Jolla Chamber Music Festival and elsewhere.

Brey lives in New York City. He joined the faculty of the Curtis Institute of Music in 2008.

References

External links
Ovation Press,  cello scores edited by Carter Brey
Free scores Mutopia Project
Audio: Carter Brey and Christopher O'Riley, Live at NPR: Cellist and Pianist Perform, Discuss Their Music, National Public Radio, March 26, 2004
Beth Nissen Cellist Carter Brey: 'Renaissance lumber', CNN, February 23, 2001
Anne Midgette, "Cellist Returns to 1948", The New York Times,  May 3, 2003
Edward Rothstein, "Recitals: Oboist, Guitarist, and Cellist; Carter Brey, Cello, Winner of Award", The New York Times, February 8, 1984
Noah Rothbaum, "I'm a Runner: Carter Brey - This Principal Cellist with the New York Philharmonic proves that running is for everyone", Runner's World, August 2004.

1954 births
Living people
American classical cellists
Curtis Institute of Music faculty
Musicians from Montclair, New Jersey
Yale University alumni
Peabody Institute alumni


The 1999 Wolverhampton Metropolitan Borough Council election took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of Wolverhampton Metropolitan Borough Council in the West Midlands, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour party kept overall control of the council. Overall turnout in the election was 30.63%.

After the election, the composition of the council was
Labour 39
Conservative 17
Liberal Democrat 3

Election results
The results saw Labour keep its majority on the council but lose four seats to other parties. The Conservatives gained seats in Bushbury, Merry Hill and Park wards, while the Liberal Democrats gained in Spring Vale.

Ward results

References

1999
1999 English local elections
1990s in the West Midlands (county)


"Evicted" is the final episode of the HBO comedy series Flight of the Conchords.  This episode first aired in the United States on March 22, 2009.

Plot

After playing an impromptu instrumental number using household appliances and outdoor noise, Bret and Jemaine are paid a visit by their landlord, who demands he be paid for the last two years of rent in American dollars (the duo have been paying in New Zealand dollars).  Lacking the funds, Bret and Jemaine visit Murray for solutions, who is unable to offer them anything promising, except a musical he's been writing since becoming the band's manager.  Broke and evicted, and after being rejected by Murray and Dave, they find themselves with no choice but to move in with Mel and Doug.

At Mel's home, Bret falls into a dream and sings a Russian sailing-themed song, in which he is slowly cannibalized by Mel and Doug, under the disguise of Petrov and Yelyena.  Meanwhile, Murray starts rehearsals for the hopeful off-Broadway musical detailing the journeys and misadventures of Bret and Jemaine, who play the lead parts themselves.  However, it turns out Murray has confused Bret's life with that of Luke Skywalker.

Life at home with Doug and Mel is hard, with frequent arguments arising between the two.  Drama comes to a head when, after offering to play the harp for Bret and Jemaine, Mel tells Doug that harp-playing is very feminine. Doug and Mel decide to separate and, like children from a broken home, Bret and Jemaine are forced to live with separate "parents": Jemaine with Doug, and Bret with Mel.

After their musical's opening night, the embassy members Murray invited become suspicious of the musical's frequent theme of illegal immigration.  Bret and Jemaine are questioned and subsequently deported to New Zealand. Mel and Doug passionately reunite after Mel sees Doug gracefully playing the harp on stage.  The final scene of the episode shows Bret and Jemaine returning to their jobs as shepherds at a farm somewhere near Mount Ruapehu, with Murray working the tractor.

Songs

Everyday Sounds Musical Montage
At the start of the episode, Bret wakes up to the sound of his alarm clock ringing. He and Jemaine then use objects around the apartment to create music. Later that episode, they do the same thing with objects in New Zealand. The musical style is similar to Stomp.

The song they create sounds a lot like the break in "Bra" by the band Cymande, starting at 2:50 minutes.

Petrov, Yelyena, & Me
This song features Bret with Mel and Doug playing Yelyena and Petrov respectively. In the song, all three are stranded on a boat and are suffering from starvation, until Petrov and Yelyena secretly plan to eat Bret gradually overnight, starting with his leg, then his arm. Bret sees them eating bones and questions them about where his legs and arms have gone, and Petrov and Yelyena try to cover up their actions by saying that they're eating the fish. Eventually, Bret grows tired of being eaten and decides to ingest arsenic to poison his meat, despite being sick from doing so. In the end, Petrov and Yelyena die and Bret is left alive with just his head.

This version is noticeably faster and has fewer verses than the original recording on their live album Folk the World Tour, and Jemaine only played Petrov.

Flight of the Conchords: The Broadway Musical
When the Conchords are evicted from their apartment, Murray decides it is time to unleash his musical idea that follows the life of the Conchords. They eventually get a stage and perform a musical, singing songs about their life. The musical itself is like a montage, going through random scenes (the duo coming to America, Jemaine selling himself for sex, etc.). The art imitating life imitating art imitating life theme references the video for Björk's "Bachelorette".

References

2009 American television episodes
Flight of the Conchords episodes
American television series finales
Television episodes directed by Taika Waititi
Television episodes written by James Bobin
Television episodes written by Jemaine Clement
Television episodes written by Bret McKenzie


Jiang shan mei ren can refer to:

 The Kingdom and the Beauty, a 1959 Hong Kong film
 An Empress and the Warriors, a 2008 Hong Kong film