Sandra Nurmsalu (born 6 December 1988) is an Estonian singer, songwriter, and violinist. Recognized within Estonia for her genre-bending style, Nurmsalu has garnered success as both the lead singer of Urban Symphony and as a solo artist.

Nurmsalu rose to prominence in Estonia during her participation in the 2007 edition of the Eesti Televisioon (ETV) talent competition Kaks takti ette. While competing on the show, she formed the band Urban Symphony, of which she became the lead singer from 2007 to 2010. With Urban Symphony, Nurmsalu won Eesti Laul 2009 and represented Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Moscow with the song "Rändajad", placing sixth. After Eurovision, Nurmsalu competed in Eesti Laul twice more as a soloist: in 2014 and 2019, placing as a finalist both times.

Early life and education
Nurmsalu was born on 6 December 1988 in Alavere, a small village in Harju County. She began experimenting with music as a student at a music school in Kose, where she learned how to play the violin. In her youth, Nurmsalu sang with the Kose-based children's folk group Pillipiigad for seven years, and then later the folk group Virre for three years.

As a teenager, she was a member of the Estonian three-piece girl group Pink Tank. Nurmsalu attended Georg Ots Music School in Tallinn, graduating in 2008.

Career

2007–2008: Kaks takti ette and formation of Urban Symphony
Nurmsalu began her professional solo career in 2007, competing in the Eesti Televisioon (ETV) singing competition Kaks takti ette. During a special week of the competition where contestants were told their performances must be as part of an ensemble, Nurmsalu formed the group Urban Symphony with other stringed instrument musicians from her music school. The group's performance of "Hungry" by Kosheen blended classical crossover with electronic music; this sound became associated with Urban Symphony and Nurmsalu for the rest of their careers. Nurmsalu ultimately placed fourth in Kaks takti ette.

Following the competition, Nurmsalu was signed by Estonian songwriter and record producer Sven Lõhmus to his record label Moonwalk Records.

2009–2011: Further success, Eurovision, and hiatus

After signing to Moonwalk shortly after Kaks takti ette, Nurmsalu and Lõhmus decided that she would continue performing with Urban Symphony instead of pursuing a solo career. In December 2008, Urban Symphony was revealed to be taking part in the debut edition of Eesti Laul, the newly created program to select the Estonian representative in the Eurovision Song Contest. Their entry in the competition, "Rändajad", also served as their debut single as a group and was released on 5 January 2009; the song was written and produced by Lõhmus. Urban Symphony competed in the final of Eesti Laul 2009 on 7 March 2009, where they were ranked first by the professional jury and second by the Estonian public. As one of the top two total vote-getters, they advanced to the superfinal with Traffic. In the superfinal, Urban Symphony and "Rändajad" received over 82% of the votes cast, winning the competition and holding the record for the biggest win margin in Eesti Laul history.

As the winners of Eesti Laul, Urban Symphony received the right to represent Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Moscow, with "Rändajad". They competed in the second semi-final on 14 May 2009, placing third and qualifying to the final; this was the first time Estonia had qualified to the finals since the introduction of the semi-finals in 2004, and remains their best placement in the semi-finals of all-time. They later performed in the finals on 16 May, where they placed sixth with 129 points; this was the best result for Estonia since their third place finish at the Eurovision Song Contest 2002, and continues to be their best result since then as of .

After Eurovision, "Rändajad" became a successful single internationally; it reached the top ten in Estonia, Finland, and Greece, the top twenty in Sweden, and also charted in Belgium, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Later that year, Nurmsalu was invited to perform as a special guest during season three of Eesti otsib superstaari, the Estonian version of Idols, performing "Rändajad" with eventual winner Ott Lepland during celebrity duets week; Lepland would later go on to represent Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012, placing sixth in the final as well. Urban Symphony released two other singles in their career, "Päikese poole" and "Skorpion"; both of which peaked in the top ten in Estonia.

In 2010, Urban Symphony announced that they would be disbanding. The announcement was due to Nurmsalu wishing to prioritize motherhood, while the group's other members wished to continue their studies and pursue other interests.

2012–present: Solo career

After a two-year hiatus in order to prioritize raising her child, Nurmsalu returned to music in 2012. She performed guest vocals on the single "Sel teel" by Estonian musician Sinine; the song went on to become a top ten hit in Estonia, and also received airplay in France and Germany. Nurmsalu later began performing traditional Estonian folk songs at various musical events and festivals throughout Estonia. In October 2012, Nurmsalu went on tour alongside several other Estonian musicians to celebrate 100 years of Estonian film and music, performing concerts at venues in Tallinn, Pärnu, and Tartu. Later that year, Nurmsalu announced the Rändajad concert tour. The tour played at several small venues in Harju County, where Nurmsalu was raised, including her hometown of Alavere.

In December 2012, to coincide with her return to the music industry, Nurmsalu formed her own record label Muusikalind to promote her music. In 2013, Nurmsalu performed at the Estonian musical concert Öölaulupidu Järjepidevus where she debuted her first original single since returning to music, "Väike Eestimaa". On 26 September 2013, "Väike Eestimaa" was officially released by Moonwalk Studios and included an announcement that Nurmsalu was working on a new album with her former producer Lõhmus.

In December 2013, Nurmsalu was announced as one of the semi-finalists in Eesti Laul 2014 with the song "Kui tuuled pöörduvad", written by Lõhmus. This marked her first return to the competition since winning its inaugural edition in 2009 with Urban Symphony. Nurmsalu advanced from the second semi-final on 21 February 2014, to the final, held in Tallinn on 1 March. In the final, Nurmsalu placed third with the Estonian public, but second-to-last with the professional juries, placing fifth overall and not advancing to the superfinal. Nurmsalu's placement was considered a shock, as many expected her to win the competition. Despite not winning, "Kui tuuled pöörduvad" became a top five single in Estonia and Nurmsalu's highest-charting hit since "Rändajad".

After Eesti Laul, she planned to release the single "Mängurõõm" in early-2015, but the song was never released after Nurmsalu left Moonwalk Records and cut ties with her former producer Lõhmus. After leaving Moonwalk, Nurmsalu went on another hiatus from the music industry. She returned to music in 2017, releasing the singles "Jäälilled" and "Kevad on alati alles". She also developed a new working relationship with Estonian producer Priit Pajusaar. "Jäälilled" was written by Nurmsalu's partner Tarmo Kask, while "Kevad on alati alles" was written by Estonian poet Aapo Ilves; the music for both songs was composed by Nurmsalu, Pajusaar, and Pille Piir.

Nurmsalu returned to Eesti Laul once more, being announced as one of the semi-finalists for its 2019 edition in November 2018 with the song "Soovide puu"; the song became the first entry Nurmsalu had written, cowriting it with Pajusaar and Ilves. Nurmsalu qualified from the first semi-final on 31 January 2019 as a second-round qualifier; she did not receive high enough scores from the professional jury or Estonian public in the initial round, but was one of two entries saved by the public as a first semi-final wildcard. She then advanced to the final on 16 February, where she placed eighth in the competition.

Personal life
Nurmsalu has been in a relationship with professional poker player Tarmo Kask since 2004. Kask is additionally a former physical education teacher, has composed songs for Nurmsalu and other musicians, and ran for leader of the Estonian Free Party. Nurmsalu and Kask have three daughters and one son.

Outside of music, Nurmsalu is an animal rights activist who advocates for the prevention of animal abuse and abandonment. She also took position against same-sex marriage, COVID restrictions and vaccination.

Discography

Urban Symphony

Solo

References

External links

1988 births
21st-century Estonian women singers
21st-century violinists
Eesti Laul winners
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Estonia
Estonian pop singers
Estonian violinists
Estonian women violinists
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2009
Living people
People from Anija Parish


The National Pediatric Hospital of Cambodia (NPH) is a government-run pediatric hospital located in Phnom Penh.  The hospital is managed by the Ministry of Health.  As of March 2009 there were 100 doctors and 225 nurses on the hospital staff.

See also
 Government of Cambodia
 Health in Cambodia

References

Children's hospitals in Cambodia
Buildings and structures in Phnom Penh
Child-related organisations in Cambodia


Dr. Joseph Moreau is the American author of Schoolbook Nation, a book detailing the conflict over the teaching of American history from the Civil War onward. He is currently a history teacher at Abraham Joshua Heschel High School in New York City.

Moreau was born and raised in Dover, New Hampshire. He attended the University of New Hampshire for his undergraduate degree, and later received his Ph.D. in American Culture from the University of Michigan. Moreau formerly taught history at Trinity High School in New York.

References

21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Historians of the United States
Schoolteachers from New York (state)
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Michigan alumni
American male non-fiction writers


Janice Erlbaum is an American author. She is the author of two memoirs, GirlBomb: A Halfway Homeless Memoir  and Have You Found Her: A Memoir., and one novel for adults, "I, Liar." She is also the author of two books for tweens, Lucky Little Things and Let Me Fix That for You. Her poetry and prose have been featured in anthologies including Aloud: Voices from the Nuyorican Poets Café, The Bust Guide to the New Girl Order, The Best American Erotic Poems From 1800 to the Present, and Verses that Hurt.

She lives in her native New York City with her domestic partner, Bill Scurry, and produces an instructional web series called Advice for Young Writers.

Early life
As chronicled in her memoir Girlbomb: A Halfway Homeless Memoir, after running away from home at age 15 Erlbaum spent years going from youth shelter to shelter, a self-described "halfway homeless" high school student afflicted with a taste for hard drugs and risky choices, while attending Bayard Rustin High School for the Humanities.

Poetry
Published for the first time at the age of 20 in New York Press, where she was a frequent contributor of personal essays and short features from 1991 through 1995, Janice Erlbaum was a prominent fixture on the early ‘90s New York slam poetry scene, performing as a member of the feminist collective Pussy Poets, and earning a spot on MTV’s “Sex in the ‘90s: Love Sucks” special, as well as the cover of the Nuyorican anthology. She was a featured poet on the Lollapalooza ’94 tour, and performed and hosted at Woodstock 94. Pussy Poets and Erlbaum’s solo act were seen at venues including Dixon Place, the Kitchen, St. Mark's Poetry Project, and Fez.

Books
In 2006, Villard/Random House published her first book, Girlbomb: A Halfway Homeless Memoir. An explicit look back at her teenage years spent in shelters and group homes. It was awarded a spot on the New York Public Library’s “25 to Remember” list for 2006. Her second memoir, Have You Found Her, was published by Villard/Random House in 2008; it details her return to the shelter as an adult volunteer, and the deep relationship she forged with a brilliant, damaged girl she called “Samantha.”

She has also contributed, in recent years, to McSweeneys.org, Nerve.com, and Nextbook.

Nonfiction
 Girlbomb: A Halfway Homeless Memoir (2006) [UK edition: The Runaway]
 Have You Found Her (2008)

Novels
 I, Liar (2015, Thought Catalog Books)
 Lucky Little Things (2018, Farrar, Straus and Giroux)
 Let Me Fix That For You (2019, Farrar, Straus and Giroux)

Other work and activism
In 1996, she was hired at dot com art factory Pseudo.com (subject of the documentary We Live in Public), and rose to the position of Executive Producer before departing in 1999. Janice was the Editor-at-Large at POPsmear magazine and a contributor to BUST magazine from 1994 through 2007.

She served on the board of Girls Write Now, an organization that pairs at-risk high school girls with writing mentors, and volunteered at GEMS, which serves girls who have been commercially sexually exploited. From 2010 to 2012, she was on the board of Bowery Arts & Sciences/Bowery Poetry Club. As of June 2015, Erlbaum is teaching memoir writing, and continues to address audiences at colleges, bookstores, coffee houses, and theaters across the US.

References

Living people
Slam poets
Writers from New York City
American women poets
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women


The Suzuki VL 1500 Intruder LC and Boulevard C90 are cruiser motorcycles with a feet-forward riding posture, shaft drive and engine balance shafts made by Suzuki from 1998 to 2004 as the Intruder, and since 2005 as the Boulevard.

After VL production ended with model year 2004, Suzuki replaced the motorcycle in its model range with the 2005 fuel-injected Boulevard C90, which is being produced as of 2013.

VL 1500 Intruder LC
The original Suzuki VL 1500 Intruder LC had a  seat height and an underseat  fuel tank. Its new engine is designed to produce a claimed  @ 4,800 rpm, and  @ 2,300 rpm torque. In 2004, Suzuki added a four-way emergency flasher/high beam passing switch, multi-reflector turn signals, hydraulic valve lash adjusters, hydraulic clutch and a back-torque limiter.

The VL name refers to the V-twin engine and "long" frame, 1500 is the approximate metric displacement of the engine, and the LC means Legendary Classic.

Production resumed for the C90 in the 2013 model year.

Boulevard C90

In 2005, Suzuki re-branded its lineup of cruisers as its Boulevard series, renaming the VL1500 the Boulevard C90.  Aside from a name change and cosmetic differences, Suzuki replaced the carburetor with a new multi-port fuel-injection system that was borrowed from Suzuki's Suzuki GSX-R line of racing bikes. They also added a 32-bit ECU processing chip and a marginally revised 3.7 gallon fuel tank.

The engine's torque and acceleration were increased by the introduction of the new fuel-injected system, with dual throttle valve and auto fast-idle systems. The engine uses SCEM cylinder plating. Suzuki said the engine developed  @ 4,800 rpm and  @ 2,300 rpm.

References

External links
 Suzuki VL1500 Intruder (1998-2002) review
 Suzuki C1500T Intruder (2013-on) review

VL 1500 Intruder LC Boulevard C90
Shaft drive motorcycles


Balcony Press is a publisher established in 1994. The press has released art, architecture and design books emphasizing the cultural and historical aspects of design particularly in the western United States.

Publisher Ann Gray, herself an architect, has practiced architecture professionally for over 25 years. She is a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects and serves on the governing Council of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. The American Institute of Architects has awarded Ann Gray and Balcony Press the 1999 Institute Honor for Collaborative Achievement.

Balcony Press was the founding publisher of FORM: Pioneering Design Magazine, a design and building industry publication. FORM magazine was sold in 2018.

Title sampling
 Scott Johnson, Tall Building: Imagining the Skyscraper. Balcony Press, 2009. .
 Photographs-Meg McComb, Introduction-Mark Peel, Preface-Robert Harris, The Gamble House Cookbook: Good Design Good Food. Balcony Press, 2008. .
 Photographs by Gil Garcetti, Essays by Kofi Annan, Jimmi Carter, Steven M. Hilton, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf and Mary Robinson, Water Is Key: A Better Future for Africa, Balcony Press 2007.  ; .

References

External links
 http://gray-advisors.com
 http://www.balconypress.com/html/about.html
 http://www.formmag.net

Publishing companies of the United States
Publishing companies established in 1994
1994 establishments in California


Edward Frederick Crippin (17 May 1848 – 3 February 1892) was an English businessman.

Crippin was born at 13 Tonman Street, Manchester, Lancashire. His father William Crippin (1815–1879) was a coal agent and his mother Sarah Crippin (née Brettargh) (1815–1874) was a housewife.  He eventually took over his father's business, Bryn Hall Colliery, Bryn, Ashton-in-Makerfield, near Wigan. Crippen was a successful businessman who never married.

On 22 August 1890 in Wigan, Crippen was involved in what The Wigan Observer And District Advertiser described as an "Exciting Scene in Wallgate":

"About noon yesterday (Friday), an exciting scene was witnessed in Wallgate, near the end of Queen-street. A girl named Ellen Moore, 13 years of age, of 54, Clayton-street, Wigan, was crossing the road, carrying a child two years of age, when she was knocked down by a hansom cab owned by Mr. Crippin, Bryn. The girl's attention was evidently attracted by something coming up Wallgate, for she did not appear to hear the cries of the driver of the cab, and before he could stop his horse the girl was knocked down and the wheels of the vehicle had passed over her legs. The baby was in great danger, and the spectators shrieked as they saw it down and the vehicle advancing. Fortunately Police-constable Wilkinson was at hand, and by his presence of mind and prompt action the child's life was saved. Springing forward he seized the horse and stopped it, just as the wheel of the cab was about to pass over the child's neck. Mr. Crippin was in the cab going to the London and North-Western Station, and he alighted and told the officer to get a doctor and he would pay the expense. When he had gone to the station, Mr. Crippin sent his cab back to take the girl and child home. The girl was taken to the surgeries of Dr. Berry and Dr. Bradbury, but they were not in, and they were removed home and attended by Dr. Timothy. No bones were broken, but the girl's left knee was badly injured, and the child's forehead was hurt. The cab was driven by Bernard Doodge, but he was in no way to blame for the accident."

Bryn Hall at Ashton in Makerfield was the Crippin family home while they ran the colliery. Edward Crippen lived at Bryn Hall until the 1890 incident after which he was frowned on by local residents. As a result he moved to Bank Hall, Bretherton and travelled to Ashton in Makerfield to run his business.

Crippin's memorial at Manchester Crematorium gives his address at the time of death as Bryn Hall where he lived at the time of the 1881 census. The 1891 census shows he moved to Bank Hall, Bretherton where he died of pneumonia on 3 February 1892 aged 44. His cremation took place at Woking Crematorium, Surrey.

References

1848 births
1892 deaths
Bank Hall
19th-century English businesspeople
Businesspeople from Manchester
Deaths from pneumonia in England


Lower Nine Mile River is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipal District of East Hants .

References
Lower Nine Mile River on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Hants County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


A Gemlik olive, or Tirilye olive is a variety from the Gemlik, Zeytinbağı area of northern Turkey. Gemlik olives are called the following names as Tirilye, Curly, wrapping paper and black. They are small to medium-sized black olives  with a high oil content. This type of olive is very common in Turkey and is sold as a breakfast olive in the cured formats of either Yagli Sele, Salamura or Duble; though there are other less common curings. The sign of a traditionally cured Gemlik olive is that the flesh comes away from the pip easily.

Synonyms
Gemlek, Kaplek, Kivirak, Kaplik, Kara, Kivircik, Samsun Tuzlamalik, Tirilya, Tirilye, Trilia, Trilye, and Trylia.

Production
The oil production is considered high, with a 29.9% yield. There are many olive factories located in Gemlik that export to Western Europe.

A true Gemlik olive should be grown and cured in the Gemlik area. The Marmara sea area climate is considered ideal for olives, with high summer temperatures and cold winters. All Gemlik olives are hand picked between November and February, depending on the crop. A Gemlik olive tree can produce up to forty kilograms of olives in a good year.

Small family growers in the area have been growing, picking and curing Gemlik olives for centuries. Particularly villages, namely Karacaali, Umurbey, Kumla etc. have a history of producing high quality traditionally cured Gemlik olives.

Marmara Region
Gemlik or Tirilye variety is the most widespread one. Of the regional olive groves, 75-80% consists of this variety (Gemlik, Erdek, Mudanya, Edincik, Tirilye), Edincik Su (Bursa, Yalova, Kocaeli), Beyaz Yağlık, Eşek Zeytini, Şam ve Siyah Salamuralık.

Curing methods
With the olive being high in oil, it makes it very versatile in the ways it can be cured. The various curings are as follows:

Yagli Sele – oil-cured (rotated in drums with a little salt, which agitates the olive and causes it to exude oil). These are then dry stored. Very hard to maintain as the containers need to be rotated on a regular basis. This is a rich, low-salt-tasting olive.

Duble – purely brine-cured olive. The traditional method of curing is to put the olives into  vats with weights on the top and brine circulating. The weights tenderize the olives. They are then stored in brine. The more commercial method is to use pressure vats, but this does not produce such a nice texture of olive. This is a firm, salty olive.

Salamura – this is a partially oil-cured olive and then stored in brine.

Kuru Sele – this is dried in a basket of rock salt, which draws all the water from the olive. The longer the olive is left in the salt the firmer the olive becomes. The olive can lose up to half its original weight during curing, giving a crinkly effect. This is a dry store olive and is the least salty tasting. A dry-cured Gemlik olive is a premium olive that carries a high price tag. It is primarily ordered before picking and really is reserved for high-class establishments in Istanbul.

Cross Kuru Sele/Yagli Sele – this is partially dry-cured, then put through the Yagli Sele process, which leaves a crinkly, slightly bitter olive. This is also dry stored. These are only cured for personal use by the growers.

References

External links
 Changes in phenolic compounds during ripening in Gemlik variety olive fruits obtained from different locations

Olive cultivars
Food and drink in Turkey


Saint-Philibert is a municipality in the Municipalité régionale de comté de Beauce-Sartigan in Quebec, Canada. It is part of the Chaudière-Appalaches region. The population is 379 as of 2021. It is named after reverend François-Philibert Lamontagne, who promoted the parish at the time of the church construction in 1919.

A fire destroyed this same church on February 14, 2009.

References

Commission de toponymie du Québec
Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire

Municipalities in Quebec
Incorporated places in Chaudière-Appalaches


Mario Scalzo (born November 11, 1984) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Scalzo is currently playing for Eispiraten Crimmitschau in the DEL2.

Career
Born in Saint-Hubert, Quebec, Scalzo played junior hockey in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League for the Victoriaville Tigres and the Rimouski Océanic. He is perhaps the most well known for his junior hockey days in Rimouski where he played on the 2005 Memorial Cup runner-up team captained by Sidney Crosby. Other major pieces of that team included Marc Antoine Poulliot and Dany Roussin, both linemates of Crosby. That year, the three along with Scalzo lead the Oceanic in scoring. After signing as a free agent with the Dallas Stars of the NHL in 2005, Scalzo spent three seasons in the American Hockey League playing for the Iowa Stars and the Norfolk Admirals. He was traded to the Tampa Bay Lightning organization in 2007 for Bryce Lampman. Scalzo joined Red Bull Salzburg in 2008 and signed than on 7 April 2009 with Adler Mannheim. On April 29, 2011, Scalzo was added to the Canadian roster for the 2011 IIHF World Championship held in Slovakia
.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

1984 births
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
EC Red Bull Salzburg players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Iowa Stars players
Living people
Norfolk Admirals players
Rimouski Océanic players
Victoriaville Tigres players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Germany


Union City is a ghost town in Madison County, Montana, United States. Its elevation is 7,582 feet (2,311 m), and it is located at  (45.2082579, -111.9424776).

Founded in 1867 as a mining camp, the community was abandoned after the claims ran out. The entire site, now owned by the Bureau of Land Management, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

References

Populated places established in 1867
Ghost towns in Montana
Geography of Madison County, Montana
1867 establishments in Montana Territory
National Register of Historic Places in Madison County, Montana
Bureau of Land Management areas in Montana


Linus Eklöf (born 3 March 1989) is a Swedish motorcycle speedway rider who won the Team U-19 European Champion title in 2008.

In 2009 he rode in the Premier League in the UK, averaging over six points per match for treble-winning King's Lynn Stars, staying with them in 2010 (averaging over 7 that season) and also riding in the Elite League for Peterborough Panthers. He left British speedway in June 2010 for personal reasons, returning in 2011 with Berwick Bandits in the Premier League and Belle Vue Aces in the Elite League.

He reached the Swedish individual final in 2010. In July 2012 he was signed by Premier League Leicester Lions.

In 2022, he came out of retirement to help with the rider shortage (due to injuries) at Lejonen.

Career details

World Championships
 Individual U-21 World Championship
 2007 - 18th place in Qualifying round 2 as track reserve
 2008 - 11th place in Semi-Final 1
 Team U-21 World Championship (Under-21 World Cup)
 2009 -  Gorzów Wlkp. - 3rd place (5 pts)

European Championships
 Individual U-19 European Championship
 2008 -  Stralsund - 8th place (8 pts)
 Team U-19 European Championship
 2008 -  Rawicz - European Champion (11 pts)

See also
 Sweden national speedway team

References

Swedish speedway riders
Team Speedway Junior European Champions
1989 births
Living people
Leicester Lions riders
Sportspeople from Eskilstuna


Givi Alkhazishvili (; born 26 May 1944 in Georgia), is an author, poet, essayist, and translator.

Biography

Early life
Alkhazishvili, completed secondary school in 1961 and then attended Tbilisi State University.  Between 1963 and 1966, he was conscripted into the Red Army.  He eventually graduated from Tbilisi State University in 1969.

Later life
Since 1989, Alkhazishvili has been chief editor of Merani. His stated objective has been to publish works by young, clever writers. Between 2003 and 2006, he was a director of editorial house Merani.

Between the late 1990s and early 2000s Alkhazishvili lectured at the Cultural University, presenting the literary mastery course.

In 2010, Givi Alkhazishvili's 3 books were published: The Fiction – Documentary  "Future Past" was published by "Siesta" publishing house, "Intellect," printed "100 poems," The Publisher "Saunje" has published a new poetry collection "Put back Gaze" for which the author was awarded  "Saba" for the Best collection of poems of the year in 2011.

Poetry
Alkhazishvili's poetry had been published from the 1960s in university newspapers and almanacs First Ray, Akhkomi and Tsiakari.

In 1972, publishing house "Merani" (Pegasus) published Alkhazishvili's first book, Poetries.  This was achieved through fortuitous circumstances when the chief editor, Grigol Chikovani, was arrested in his office.  Nika Agiashvili temporarily became the chief editor and liked Alkhazishvili's work, unlike his predecessor who had insisted that Merani would not publish any social-realistic poetry.

The following collections of poetry have been published:
Poetries (1972)
City of Remind (1975)
Foreign Bird (1975)
Poetries Poem (1977)
Window of the Past (1980)
Dialog in Thoughts (1981)
Eye as a Candle of Soul (1982)
Wind Chase (1983)
The Sky, You Always See (1985)
Expectation of Words (1987)
Arise (1987)
Hurt is Shining (1989)
Nights Ash (1990)
Only about love (1990)
Light in Drop (1995)
Going out from Horda (1998) Winner of 1998 Akaki Tsereteli Prize and 1999 State Prize
One Volume (1998)
Will of Break Away (2005)
Koronikoni (2006)
Koronikoni – 2007 (2008)

Novels
Three novels have also been published:
Is the Sun Rising or Set? (1999)
From Row to Row (1999)
From One Side to Another of the Iron Door (2002)

In 2008, the magazine Our Writing printed a short version of a new novel Future past.  The complete novel was soon published as a separate book.

Essays
In 2004, Merani published collection of Alkhazishvili's essays – Thought Migrated in Words.

Translations
Alkhazishvili has been a keen translator of foreign poetry into Georgian.

In 1979, with the help of Otar Nodia, he translated Atanas Feti's collection of poems Night Rotches. The artistic board also prepared the collection Day for Ever (1984) which also included translations of work by Atanas Feti, Vladimir Soloviovi, Andrei Beli and Alexander Boloki.

In 1999, Merani and the world poetry library series published Vislava Shiborska's poetry collection. The translation was done by Alkhazishvili and Mikhail Kvlividze. With Geno Kalandia he also translated Tudor Argezi's poetry collection Moldavian Poetry Papers.

Georgian translations of the first two volumes (of a five volume set) by Rainer Maria Rilke were published by Caucasian house. Naira Gelashvili prepared them for publication in 2007 along with many volumes of Austrian poetry published by Dato Barbakadze. Alkhazishvili's translation of Shaukali was included in the first volume.  Rikle appeared in the third volume.

Alkhazishvili's own works have been translated into many languages, including English, Russian, Italian, Ukrainian, etc. Three books have been translated into Russian: Gorod Vospaminania (City of Remind), Molodaya Gvardiya (Young Guard) (1979), Dialog v Razdumiakh (Dialog in thoughts), Molodaya Gvardiya (Young Guard) (1984). In 1988 Sosoyanie (Condition) was translated by the poet and translator Iuli Danieli.

In 1991, All-seeing sky was published in Moscow, with a translation by Alexander Eriomenko and Tatiana Bek.  Alexander Eriomenko had worked in the 1970s at Tsiskari magazine as a reviewer, literature worker, and chief of the critic redaction, during which time he collaborated with young writers, many of whom were first published with his help.

External links
Official website (Georgian)

References

20th-century poets from Georgia (country)
1944 births
Living people
Tbilisi State University alumni
21st-century poets from Georgia (country)
Male poets from Georgia (country)
20th-century male writers
21st-century male writers
Laureates of the State Prize of Georgia (country)


Daniel Jacob Haugaard
(born 12 May 1952) is a Danish-Faroese comedian, actor, musician, composer, writer, TV host and former representative in the Danish Parliament.

Activities
Jacob Haugaard has been a well-known performer in Denmark for many years, mixing comedy, singing and instrumental music in his own unique style. He is usually dressed in an ever-changing range of gaudy suits, and often plays a home-made guitar for which he is well known. He has recorded many music records and CDs since 1977. Haugaard has also produced radio, films and TV, mostly comedy and sketches and has a long history of close cooperation with comedian and entertainer Finn Nørbygaard, since 1984. They performed as the Finn & Jacob duo for many years. Haugaard lived in Malling near Aarhus for many years, where he ran his own TV station from a disused watertower in his backyard, until he was elected as an MP.

In his younger days, Haugaard was a leader in the "Union of Deliberate Work-avoiding Elements" (Danish abbreviation SABAE), SABAE was a frivolous political party whose membership included numerous academics and journalists. The organisation was meant partially as a joke, but with a critical edge towards the modern capitalist society, and especially the labour market. They found inspiration in both Marxist and anarchist theories. SABAE's best known slogan was "if work is healthy, give it to the sick!".

Haugaard ran for every parliamentary election as a joke from 1979 onwards, until he unexpectedly won a seat in the 1994 general election representing the area around Aarhus. Running as an independent (though representing SABAE), he attracted 23,253 votes, enough to become one of the local members for the Aarhus area in the Parliament of Denmark from 1994–98. After his term expired, he decided not to seek re-election. Among his pointedly absurd campaign promises were: 8 hours of free time, 8 hours of rest and 8 hours of sleep; more tailwind on bicycle paths; promises of better weather; right to impotency; Nutella in field rations (which was actually implemented); and shorter queues in supermarkets. Asylum rated his win in the parliamentary election the 11th greatest prank of all time. When his portrait was hung in the parliament, Haugaard commented that it should serve as a warning that any idiotic populist might get elected.

References

External links
 Jacob Haugaard: Jacob Haugaards Hjemmeside. Official Homepage

Asylum

1952 births
Danish actor-politicians
Living people
Danish male comedians
Danish male film actors
Danish stand-up comedians
Danish people of Faroese descent
Members of the Folketing
Faroese male actors
People from Tvøroyri
Leaders of political parties in Denmark


Michael V. Leggiere is a professor of history who works at the University of North Texas as deputy-director for the Barsanti Center for Military History. Leggiere's emphasis is on the Napoleonic era, and he deals most specifically with Prussian operations in Germany and France during 1813-14. According to his university profile, Leggiere is "one of the leading historians in the world of the Napoleonic Wars." This is supported by the fact that Leggiere has received the International Napoleonic Society Literary Award two times, once in 2002 and again in 2007. Leggiere also serves on the program committee of the Society for Military History and is on the board of directors for the Consortium on Revolutionary Europe.

Career
Leggiere is a 1997 graduate of Florida State University and has previously taught at Hawaii Pacific University, Louisiana State University, Shreveport and the Naval War College. While at Louisiana State University - Shreveport, Leggiere served as the chair of the Department of History and Social Sciences from 2005-2008. Leggiere is the author of Napoleon and Berlin: The Franco-Prussian War in North Germany, 1813 and The Fall of Napoleon. He is currently writing a book on the 1815 Waterloo campaign. He has written a biography of Blucher.

Awards
In 2002, he received the Société Napoléonienne Internationale's 2002 Literary Award. In 2004, he won the Society for Military History's Moncado Award, and in 2005 received the Société Napoléonienne Internationale Legion of Merit Award for Outstanding Contributions to Napoleonic Studies. For 2007, the Société Napoléonienne awarded him the First Place Literary Award, for the year's best work on Napoleon.

Selected works
Napoleon and Berlin: The Franco-Prussian War in North Germany, 1813. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002.
The Fall of Napoleon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Blücher: Scourge of Napoleon. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2014.

External links
Leggiere's Vitae
International Napoleonic Society

References

Living people
University of North Texas faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)


Help Wanted (Hataraku Hito: Hard Working People in Japan, Job Island: Hard Working People in Europe) is a game that features a collection of various, Wii Remote-based minigames. The game offers a story mode (Employment Office), quick play mode (Career Fair), and multiplayer mode (Job Battle). However, only 15 of the 50 jobs can be played in multiplayer mode. The game is developed and published by Hudson Soft and was released in Japan for Nintendo's Wii on November 27, 2008, in Europe on March 13, 2009, in Australia on March 27, 2009, and in North America on May 12, 2009.

The game's artwork and presentation as a multi-game compilation is reminiscent of the Deca Sports video game series also developed by Hudson Soft, and its European title implies that the game is ostensibly a spin-off of such series, which is titled Sports Island there.

Story
The planet, Earth, is now at risk after a horrible incident. In the NAZA Space Research Center, a group of men encounters a huge meteor that is striking Earth. Meanwhile, in the Executive Mansion, the president gets a call from NAZA, telling them that the meteor is coming. Inspecting the meteor, they both see an alien behind the meteor and survive when the NAZA S.R.C gets destroyed by the piece of the meteor; however, all four of the men survived without injury under a cost of hope.

Meanwhile, there lived a happy family. The big siblings/protagonists (Tom and Maya), the grandparents, the parents, the three little kids - Ann, Fran, and Stan -, and their dog are watching the TV Shopping Network. As they turn on the TV with a remote, Barry appears and advertises the Transformowatch - an expensive gadget that turns anyone into a gigantic superhero. Ann, Fran, and Stan tell mom that they want the toy. As they talk about the gadget, Gramps tells them that he's checking out the Geezer's comet. Tom and Maya join him on the balcony with Gramps' telescope. Seeing the meteor, Gramps warns about the end of the world is coming; everyone but the big siblings doubt. Gramps tells Maya and Tom to get temporary jobs and shop for the sake of humanity. After a meteor is destroyed, the family celebrates until a meteor with a realistic face appears. Meanwhile, members of NAZA saw the meteor exploding, giving the members a ray of hope. According to their observations, more planet-sized objects are heading towards the planet.

Gramps theorizes and commands his grandchildren to work for the sake of mankind. Tom and Maya work hard for a paycheck worth for the items of Points Channel. As days pass by, they experience dangers, benefits, and challenges at the beginning of the day while the gigantic object goes closer to Earth. If the number of days hits zero, Gramps tries to defeat the object, but accidentally destroys the Memorial Hall after defeat, making the family pay the destruction until it is rebuilt. After the eighth object was defeated, they discover the cause of all planet-sized objects, the Space Codger. After defeating Space Codger, Gramps and the big kids celebrate; however, it's too early.

The Space Codger gets out the ultimate weapon from his underwear, the Monumental Thingy. Gramps warns Tom and Maya if that hits Earth, it'll eat Earth by changing its appearance, which everyone and all creatures will live in eternal suspicion with nobody to trust anyone else. Meanwhile, at the wrecked NAZA - small shack and the members - site, they get back online and finds out the fragment that destroyed the center was from the Space Codger's weapon. Barry, who reveals his face with the others, strikes with anger to the point of being shaped like the Point Channel's Scary Mask product. Finding a way to stop the big one, they change to their TV channel outfits and resume their duty, revealing the TV Shopping Channel hosts are undercover NAZA members.

After defeating the thing, it shatters and it gets worse as fragments began to fall to Earth, but a helicopter comes to their house with Barry. He informs the heroic family that they receive a fire extinguisher with a bonus pack lasting for 10 years. The family works together as they launch the fragments away from Earth with a huge blast. The planet is saved while Gramps gets blasted off. Gramps is later rescued, then informs them that they're heading to space and blasts the family to the moon. During a second launch, their house was destroyed when they landed back in their house's position. After they rebuilt their home, they spend their lives as regular citizens and have a happy life from now on.

If the player buys the Transformowatch in the final battle, the big sibling will transform via the watch, but Gramps interrupts the transformation sequence. In a second attempt with a successful transformation, the big sibling becomes a superhero and destroys the Monumental Thingy, saving humanity. After the destruction of Space Codger's Monumental Thingy, Gramps uses the Transformowatch, then the siblings retaliate via using Transformowatch; Gramps' defeat leads to the destruction of their home. After the siblings complain at Gramps for using the watch from the TV Shopping Channel, the family lives in peace.

Gameplay
Help Wanted is essentially a mini-game collection that utilizes the Wii's motion control capabilities.  Some games require the Nunchuk attachment while others do not. There are 50 mini-games in total, some of which the user begins with by default and others that they must unlock in the Employment Office mode. For these to be unlocked, the user must purchase outfits about the minigame via the TV Shopping Channel's Uniform Channel.

Each minigame represents different: real-world and fictional jobs. Therefore, these minigames are also referred to as jobs. Each job has three difficulties: Normal, Hard, and Expert. Initially, the user only has access to the Normal difficulty of a job, while the other difficulties must be unlocked via the Employment Office mode. To unlock other difficulties, the user must achieve different ranks from playing the jobs a sufficient amount. The ranks include Newbie, Pro, Expert, and Master. By default, the user has the rank Newbie. But as they unlock further ranks, they will gain access to the difficulties Hard and Expert.

In the Career Fair mode, the user can choose to play any of the 50 jobs, and any difficulty of that job, as long as they have it unlocked (by default or via Employment Office). They can also select to play as characters exclusive to the Career Fair and Job Battle mode. In the Job Battle mode, two users/players can fight against each other in jobs. Though unlike the 50 jobs in Career Fair, there are only 15 available. The 50 jobs in the Career Fair/Employment Office include:

1. Cleaning Crew
2. Newscaster
3. Astronaut
4. Babysitter
5. Tropical Waiting Staff
6. Resort Captain
7. Bodybuilder
8. Master Higgins
9. Supermarket Clerk
10. Chef
11. Dairy Farmer
12. Dentist
13. CEO
14. Dry Cleaner
15. Hospital EMT
16. Personal Trainer
17. Farmer
18. Firefighter
19. Fisher
20. Arctic Delivery
21. Game Creator
22. Goalie
23. Grill Cook
24. Haunted House Crew
25. Interpreter
26. Line Judge
27. Interviewer
28. Kabuki Actor
29. Clown
30. Lighting Crew
31. Makeup Artist
32. Manicurist
33. Courier
34. Pinch Hitter
35. Pit Crew
36. Pizza Chef
37. Police Officer
38. Crane Operator
39. Art Restorer
40. Security Guard
41. Aerial Photographer
42. Stuntperson
43. Deep-sea Diver
44. Sumo Referee
45. Action Hero
46. Sushi Master
47. Tailor
48. Teacher
49. Cameraperson
50. TV Shopping Crew

References

2008 video games
Apocalyptic video games
Baseball video games
Cooking video games
Fishing video games
Video games about firefighting
Video games about impact events
Video games about police officers
Wii-only games
Medical video games
Minigame compilations
Puzzle video games
Wii games
Hudson Soft games
Video games developed in Japan


Ghukas Chubaryan (; 1923 – March 23, 2009) was a prominent Armenian sculptor, People's Artist of Armenia. He authored numerous works that later became symbols of the Armenian capital.

Chubaryan became famous in 1968, after his basalt statue of Mesrop Mashtots was located in front of the Matenadaran.

One of the most important Armenian artists in the post-Stalin Soviet period, Chubaryan also made the prominent decorative ornaments on the government building in the 1950s and the facade of Yerevan Opera House in 1980s. He is also known as the sculptor of Hovhannes Tumanyan (monuments in Tumanyan's birthplace Dsegh, Armenia and in the front of Tumanyan's museum, Yerevan) and Alexander Spendiaryan monuments (Opera House square and in the front of Musical school named after Alexander Spendiaryan, Yerevan).

References

1923 births
2009 deaths
Artists from Yerevan
20th-century Armenian sculptors
Soviet sculptors


Voyage to the Beginning of the World (, ) is a 1997 Portuguese-French drama film directed by Manoel de Oliveira and starring Marcello Mastroianni. The film was selected as the Portuguese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 70th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. It was Mastroianni's final film.

Plot
French actor Afonso visits the Portuguese village where his father once left. He is accompanied by the film director Manoel who hereby returns to the places of his childhood. Together with two other actors who serve as translators they make it to the remote village and meet Afonso's estranged kin.

Cast
 Marcello Mastroianni as Manoel
 Jean-Yves Gautier as Afonso
 Leonor Silveira as Judite
 Diogo Dória as Duarte
 Isabel de Castro as Maria Afonso
 Cécile Sanz de Alba as Christina
 José Pinto as José Afonso
 Adelaide Teixeira as Woman
 Isabel Ruth as Olga
 Manoel de Oliveira as Driver
 José Maria Vaz da Silva as Assistant
 Fernando Bento as Man 1
 Mário Moutinho as Man 2
 Jorge Mota as Man 3
 Sara Alves as Girl
 Helder Esteves as Boy

Accolades
The film was screened out of competition at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival where it won the FIPRESCI Prize.

See also
 List of submissions to the 70th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
 List of Portuguese submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

References

External links

1997 films
1997 drama films
1990s Portuguese-language films
1990s French-language films
European Film Awards winners (films)
Films directed by Manoel de Oliveira
Films produced by Paulo Branco
Portuguese multilingual films
French multilingual films
1990s French films


Kamb Ice Stream (), a glaciological feature of the Ross Ice Shelf of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, formerly known as Ice Stream C, the ice stream was renamed in 2001 in honor of Caltech Glaciologist Dr. Barclay Kamb.  Its margins were the focus of a sequence of scientific borehole expeditions in 2019 and 2021 where a New Zealand team melted their way through the ice to sample the oceanographic conditions below.

Sources

Antarctic Glaciologists Honored by ACAN

Ice streams of Marie Byrd Land


Oscar Fernandez-Taranco (born 1957) is an Argentinian economist who has been serving as the United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Development Coordination under the leadership of Secretary General António Guterres since 2022.

Early life and education
A citizen of Argentina, Fernandez-Taranco studied economics at Cornell University and urban-regional economic planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Career
From 2014 to 2022, Fernandez-Taranco served as Assistant Secretary General for Peacebuilding Support; his first term was extended in 2018. Prior to this appointment on 2 September 2014, he served as Assistant Secretary-General for Political Affairs in the UN Department of Political Affairs.

Prior to his appointment as Assistant Secretary-General for Political Affairs, he was Resident Coordinator in the United Republic of Tanzania. Between 1998 and 2001, he served as Resident Representative, UN Resident Coordinator and Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Haiti.

From 1994 to 1998, he was Deputy Special Representative of the Administrator of the West Bank and Gaza Programme of Assistance to the Palestinian people. For five years, he also served as Deputy Assistant Administrator and Deputy Regional Director in the Regional Bureau of Arab States in the United Nations Development Programme.

He joined the UN as a volunteer in Benin.

Other activities
Fernandez-Taranco is a member of the Interpeace Governing Council.

References

See also
UN Biography of Oscar Fernandez-Taranco

Argentine officials of the United Nations
Argentine diplomats
MIT School of Architecture and Planning alumni
Cornell University alumni
1957 births
Living people


Bindschadler Ice Stream () is an ice stream between Siple Dome and MacAyeal Ice Stream. It is one of several major ice streams draining from Marie Byrd Land into the Ross Ice Shelf. The ice streams were investigated and mapped by U.S. Antarctic Research Program personnel in a number of field seasons from 1983 to 1984 and named Ice Stream A, B, C, etc., according to their position from south to north.

The name of this ice stream was changed from Ice Stream D by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (ACAN) in 2001 or 2002 to honor Robert A. Bindschadler of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, a U.S. Antarctic Project investigator of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet including the dynamics of the Marie Byrd Land ice streams and their interaction with the Ross Ice Shelf, from about 1983 to 1998. In January 2003 the United States Board on Geographic Names accepted this recommendation, revising its 2000 decision; the geographic coordinates were also updated.

Shabtaie Ice Ridge sits between the MacAyeal and Bundschadler ice streams.

See also
List of glaciers in the Antarctic
List of Antarctic ice streams
 Glaciology

Sources
 Antarctic Glaciologists Honored by ACAN

References

Ice streams of Marie Byrd Land


The B-611 is a Chinese solid-fuelled short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) developed by China Precision Machinery Import-Export Corporation (CPMIEC). The missile has a maximum range of .

The B-611 development began development in 1995, and first shown in 2004. A newer variant was shown in late 2006.

The B-611 was sold to Turkey via technology transfer. Further developed into the J-600T Yıldırım and Bora missiles.

Variants

B611
Basic variant, with a range of  and a  warhead.

B611M
Upgraded variant of the B-611, with a  warhead and a range of .

B611MR
The B611MR is a semi-ballistic surface-launched anti-radiation missile first advertised in 2014. It uses GPS-inertial guidance and wideband passive radar. The missile is capable of flying flattened trajectory and performing pre-programmed maneuvers to reduce the chance of interception.

P-12
The P-12 is a variant of the B-611. The P-12 has a longer strake, and is believed to be lighter than the B-611 and carry a  HE fragmentation or blast warhead.

A pair of the missiles may be carried inside a 6×6 wheeled vehicle.

The P-12 was first shown at the 2006 China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition.

BP-12
The BP-12 is a variant that has satellite guidance, and is considered the first member of the family to branch out from the B-611.

BP-12A
The BP-12A is similar to the Type 631, with an estimated range of  and a  warhead. The missile can be integrated into the SY-400 missile launcher.

CM-401
CM-401 is a hypersonic anti-ship ballistic missile developed by the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC), with a range of up to  and terminal active radar homing guidance.

BP-12B
Latest variant, exhibited at the 2016 China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition. It uses radar or infrared homing and can hit slow moving targets like ships.

SY-300

SY-300 is a development of WS-2/3, with SY standing for Shen Ying (神鹰 meaning 'Divine Eagle'), designed after the 4th Academy and the 9th Academy of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) were merged to form a new 4th Academy. The main difference between the SY-300 and its WS-2/3 predecessor is that for WS-2/3, the control section of the forward control surfaces and the warhead are integrated into a single unit, but they are separated in SY-300. This design difference enables the guidance system of SY-300 to be rapidly changed in the field by soldiers, by simply replacing the guidance system with a dummy weight, when SY-300 needs to be used as an unguided rocket. Each vehicle can carry either six or twelve SY-300 rockets.

SY-400
SY-400 is a further development of SY-300 that can carry either two BP-12A short-range ballistic missiles with a range of  or eight 400 mm rockets. It was briefly displayed for the first time at the 2008 China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition. As a low cost alternative to more expensive ballistic missiles, the accuracy of SY-400 is increased by adding GPS to correct the cascade inertial navigational guidance, and according to the developer, the accuracy can be further improved if military grade GPS signals are used to replacing the existing civilian GPS signal. Another feature of SY-400 is that it shares the same launching vehicle and fire control system of BP-12A ballistic missile, thus simplifying logistics.

Bora

J-600T Yıldırım

Operators

Current operators

: BP-12A (SY-400)
: 8+ BP-12A (CH-SS-14 mod 2) as of 2022. First publicly displayed at the 2017 Qatari National Day Parade.
: Bora and J-600T Yıldırım ballistic missiles developed through technology transfer from China.

See also
 DF-12

References

Ballistic missiles of the People's Republic of China
Guided missiles of Turkey
Military equipment introduced in the 2000s
Theatre ballistic missiles
Weapons of the People's Republic of China


Marty Adams is a Canadian television and film actor/writer and comedian.

He attended H.B. Beal Secondary School in London Ontario and Graduated as Valedictorian of his class. He began a football program at McMaster University but injured his knee. His sister encouraged him to get involved in a comedy program at Humber College which got him his first major comedy gig in the Facebook of Revelations at The Second City. His last Second City main stage show was "0% Down, 100% Screwed", leaving the main stage on 21 June 2009.

TV appearances include seventeen episodes (as of 25 August 2010) of Video on Trial

Film roles include a mockumentary called Now Magazine The Movie and Saw IV.

References

External links

Comedians from Ontario
Canadian male television actors
Canadian television personalities
21st-century Canadian male actors
People from Parry Sound, Ontario
Living people
Canadian male comedians
Canadian comedy writers
Year of birth missing (living people)


The Kali River goonch attacks were a series of fatal attacks on humans believed to be perpetrated by a goonch weighing  in three villages on the banks of the Kali River in India and Nepal, between 1998 and 2007. This is the subject of a TV documentary aired on 22 October 2008, as well as an episode about the Kali River goonch attacks on the Animal Planet series River Monsters.

Attacks
The first attack occurred in April 1998, when at 13:00, 17-year-old Dil Bahadur, while swimming in the river, was dragged underwater in front of his girlfriend and several eyewitnesses. No remains were found, even after a three-day search spanning 5 kilometers (3.11 miles).
Three months later, at Dharma Ghat, a young boy was pulled underwater in front of his father, who watched helplessly. No corpse was ever found.
The final attack occurred in 2007 when an 18-year-old Nepalese man disappeared in the river, dragged down by something described as a mud-colored "water pig".

Investigation

British biologist Jeremy Wade volunteered to capture the perpetrator. Though originally skeptical of the truth behind the attacks, he later became intrigued because the attacks only occurred in a specific area spanning . He was told by the villagers that the creature likely developed a taste for human flesh and had grown large after eating half-burnt human remains discarded from funeral pyres on the river banks. After examining the water where Bahadur had disappeared with a depth sounder, Wade discounted the possibility of the boy having been dragged by a whirlpool, as the attacks all occurred in areas without turbulence. Later,  away, a domestic water buffalo was reportedly dragged underwater by a strange animal while drinking in water only  deep. Wade theorised that the creature would have had to weigh  in order to do so. A buffalo weighs , according to the film.

All three species of crocodile possible in the area were dismissed: saltwater crocodiles are not known to travel so far inland; the jaw structure of gharials prevents them from killing humans or buffalo; and mugger crocodiles, the most common Indian species, do not inhabit the cold torrents of the Kali River. Also, crocodiles had never been seen on land to bask or breed. Although bull sharks were initially considered, an underwater investigation by marine biologist Rick Rosenthal in the area where the buffalo disappeared yielded no sightings of bull sharks. Further, Wade believed that bull sharks would not have lived so far upriver, and there had been no sightings of dorsal fins breaking the water's surface. However, during the underwater investigation, a  goonch catfish was sighted, which Wade unsuccessfully tried to capture. Later underwater investigations yielded numerous group sightings of goonch, six of which were man-sized.
After an unsuccessful attempt was made at capturing one with a fishing rod, a funeral pyre was set up in order to lure one in. A record-breaking , goonch was captured the day after, and was weighed at , three times the weight of an average goonch. Although Wade estimated that the fish was strong and large enough to eat a small child, he stated in an interview that he believed that larger specimens were likely to exist, and that the specimen he captured was not large enough to be the alleged maneater, on the basis of the sizes of the victims.

These events were shown on his program River Monsters.

References

Deaths due to fish attacks
Man-eaters of India
Fish attacks
Fish of India
1998 in India
1998 in Nepal
Fish of Nepal


Pseudocolus fusiformis is a stinkhorn mushroom in the Phallaceae, a family well known for a remarkable range of fruit body types. It is the most widely distributed member of the genus Pseudocolus and has been found in the United States, Australia, Japan, Java, and the Philippines. It is commonly known as the stinky squid, because of its fetid odor, and its three or four upright "arms" which are connected at the top. The malodorous smell comes from the dark greenish slimy gleba covering the inside faces of the arms, and attracts insects that help to disperse the spores.

Taxonomy

The first appearance of this species in the literature was in 1890, under the name Colus fusiformis, when Eduard Fischer wrote a description based on a painting he found in the Paris Museum of Natural History. In his 1944 monograph on the Gasteromycetes of Australia and New Zealand, Gordon Herriot Cunningham considered this naming to be a nomen nudum—not published with an adequate description. However, it was valid under the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. In 1899 Penzig described the species Colus javanicus based on a single specimen found on Java, and a year later Fischer amended the name of his original Colus fusiformis to Colus javanicus, as he was not satisfied with the quality of his original description. Despite his doubts on the validity of his description, his original naming is both legitimate and has priority over C. javanicus.

In 1907, Curtis Gates Lloyd described the new genus Pseudocolus, and reduced several species to synonyms of Pseudocolus fusiformis. The first North American description of this species (as Colus schellenbergiae) was in 1916 by David Ross Sumstine; Johnson later (1929) transferred this to Pseudocollus schellenbergiae. Although Cunningham (1931) revised the genus Anthurus to include members of Pseudocolus, Dring in 1973 considered the genera to be distinct. Up until the appearance of an extensive study published in 1980, 13 different binomials had been used in the literature to name the species. Index Fungorum lists the following synonyms of P. fusiformis:

Colus fusiformis E.Fisch. (1891)
Colus elegans Welw. (1842)
Anthurus rothae (Berk. ex E.Fisch.) E.Fisch. (1893)
Colus rothae Berk. ex E.Fisch. (1893)
Pseudocolus rothae (E.Fisch.) Yasuda (1916)
Colus javanicus Penz. (1899)
Pseudocolus javanicus (Penz.) Lloyd (1907)
Anthurus javanicus (Penz.) G.Cunn. (1931)
Pseudocolus rothae Lloyd (1907)
Colus rothae (Lloyd) Sacc. & Traverso (1910)
Colus schellenbergiae Sumst. (1916)
Pseudocolus schellenbergiae (Sumst.) M.M.Johnson (1929)

Description

Immature fruiting bodies resemble egg- or pear-shaped puffballs,  grayish-brown to pale gray in color, with dimensions of  diameter; the top surface is broken into small regions by cracks or crevices (areolate). As the fungus matures, the fruiting body cracks open and forms a stalk with tapering arms, a volva, and a spore mass known as a gleba. The mature fruiting body is typically  in height, with arms that are 2–5 times the length of the stipe. The stipe itself does not extend past the volva, and is hollow, thin-walled, chambered, wrinkled, and flares towards the upper end. The color of the stipe is white or grayish-white; it is  in height, and  thick at the widest diameter. The three or four arms extending from the stipe average  in length (ranging from , and wrinkled on the side bearing the gleba. The arms, which are joined at the top, are shaped like a lance (lanceolate), pointed towards the apex; they are orange-colored. The internal structure of the arms is made of chambers; one large chamber towards the outside, and typically three smaller chambers on the inside of the arm. The gleba is commonly found on the upper two-thirds of the inside surface of the arms, and is dark green and slimy. The fetid odor of the gleba, described by one author as comparable to "fresh pig manure", attracts insects that help to disperse the spores.

The spores are elliptical or ovoid, smooth, translucent (hyaline), with dimensions of 4.5–5.5 by 2–2.5 µm. The basidia, the spore-bearing cells, are attached to 6–8 sessile spores.

Edibility

Although not considered poisonous, P. fusiformis is not recommended for consumption. Some related species such as Phallus impudicus or Mutinus caninus are considered to be edible (or even delicacies) in the immature egg stage; however, the foul smell of stinkhorns at maturity would likely deter most individuals from eating them.

Similar species

The stinkhorn species Clathrus columnatus somewhat resembles P. fusiformis in that it has 3 or 4 arms that extend upwards and join at the top. However, unlike C. columnatus, the arms of P. fusiformis share a common stem, and the immature egg-form is gray or grayish brown, rather than white.

Habitat and distribution

This species grows scattered or in groups on disturbed soil in coniferous or mixed forests. It is also found growing on wood chips used as mulch in gardens or for landscaping; Blanton has also reported it growing in a garden "solitary and very large".

Pseudocolus fusiformis has been collected from a variety of locations worldwide, including Europe, Australia, Japan, Java, the Philippines, Reunion Island, the United States, and Turkey. In the continental United States, it was first collected in Pittsburgh in 1915; since then it has been found in Alabama, Connecticut, Georgia,(South Carolina) Louisiana, Florida, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Virginia; it has also been found in Hawaii.  It is thought to have been introduced to North America from southeast Asia.

References

Fungi described in 1890
Fungi of Asia
Fungi of North America
Fungi of Australia
Inedible fungi
Phallales


Niklas Larsson (born 31 March 1989) is a Swedish motorcycle speedway rider who won the Team U-19 European Champion title in 2008.

Career details

World Championships
 Individual U-21 World Championship
 2008 - 8th place in Qualifying Round 5

European Championships
 Individual U-19 European Championship
 2008 - 10th place in Semi-Final 2
 Team U-19 European Championship
 2008 -  Rawicz - European Champion (0 heats)

See also
 Sweden national speedway team

References

Swedish speedway riders
Team Speedway Junior European Champions
1989 births
Living people


Adelaide of Burgundy (c. 1233 – 23 October 1273) was a daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy by his first wife Yolande of Dreux. Alternatively, she was known as Alice (French) or Aleidis (Dutch). She was Duchess of Brabant as a result of her marriage to Henry III, Duke of Brabant in 1251 and would act as regent of the Duchy following the death of her husband a decade later.

Biography

Marriage and motherhood
Adelaide was one of ten children from her father's two marriages. In 1251, she married Henry III, Duke of Brabant.

Adelaide and Henry had:
Henry (c. 1251 – aft. 1272)
John (1253 – 1294)
Godfrey (died 1302)
Marie (1256 –  1321), married Philip III of France

Regency
Upon the premature death of Henry in 1261, Adelaide assumed the regency on behalf of her underage son Henry. This arrangement was not accepted by all of the nobles at first as she faced opposition from Hendrik van Leuven of Gaasbeek, who was a cousin of her husband. Despite this, she maintained her position until her son John came of age in 1268.

One notable event of the regency was the change of Duke in 1267. Adelaide's eldest son, Henry, had physical and mental disabilities which rendered him incapable of effectively ruling the duchy upon his majority. As a result, it was decided that the adolescent was to be removed from the position and be replaced by Adelaide's second son, John. Henry would go on to become a novice in Saint Bénigne Abbey in Dijon.

It has been argued by historians such as H. Pirenne and B. Blumenkranz that Thomas Aquinas addressed his Epistola ad ducissam Brabantiae to Adelaide after she wrote to him, asking for counsel in regards to her Jewish subjects. In his final will and testament, her husband Henry had ordered for the expulsion of all usurers such as Jews and Cahorsins. In addition, Henry claimed that his Christian subjects should be freed from exactions. Although the then unknown Aquinas makes no explicit mention of Henry or his will and testament, his Epistola addresses how Adelaide should go about the matters raised by Henry. The work was only a minor treatise of Aquinas's; however, it has proven significant with historians of antisemitism and taxation during the Medieval era, the two areas of concern. He suggested that Adelaide should tax Jews to a certain extent and make them wear recognition signs. Historians such as Raymond van Uytven doubt that the similarities between the two documents are a coincidence, implying that Adelaide related her late husband's concerns to the theologian. Despite asking for Aquinas's advice, Adelaide never attempted to pursue her husband's demands.

Adelaide founded the Château of Val-Duchesse priory for women in 1262. The name means Valley of the Duchess. It was the first priory for women in the Low Countries that followed the rule of Saint Dominic.

In 1268, Adelaide handed over the reins of government to John, and died five years later at roughly aged forty.

Gallery

References

Sources

1230s births
1273 deaths

Year of birth uncertain
13th-century French women
Duchesses of Brabant
House of Burgundy
Place of birth unknown
Place of death unknown
13th-century French nobility


Killimor () is a village in east County Galway, Ireland. It is on the N65 road around nine kilometres north-west of Portumna. The village contains a number of facilities including a Heritage Centre, Roman Catholic church, a post office, a national school, a public library (which also provides a variety of activities for children and adults), a health centre, supermarkets, a pharmacy, restaurants, hairdressers & barbers, a dog grooming salon, a take-away and a number of public houses. It also has a small Adult Education school (Arts, Crafts & Languages).

See also
 List of towns and villages in Ireland

References

External links
 Killimor website

Towns and villages in County Galway


The Ultimate Fighter: Heavyweights is the tenth installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series The Ultimate Fighter. In a press conference following UFC 98, Dana White announced that filming for the season would begin on June 1, 2009. The season debuted on Spike TV on September 16, 2009, following UFC Fight Night 19.

The UFC and Spike TV held an open casting call at The Marriott Seattle Airport Hotel in Seattle, Washington, on April 6, 2009. The casting called for mixed-martial artists in the middleweight, light-heavyweight and heavyweight divisions. On the day of tryouts, 250 potential fighters appeared including UFC & International Fight League fighters and former National Football League football players. Notable applicants included NFL veterans Herbert Goodman & Rex Richards, UFC veteran Rob Yundt, and IFL veteran Aaron Stark. As with the previous season, all applicants at the tryouts were required to have a professional MMA record.

This season did not feature an elimination round as the past three seasons had. All competitors invited to Las Vegas for the show's taping participated in the entire season.

Cast

Coaches

 Team Rampage
Quinton "Rampage" Jackson, head coach
Tom Blackledge
Tiki Ghosn
Mike Dolce, nutritionist
 Team Rashad
Rashad Evans, head coach
Greg Jackson
Trevor Wittman
Mike Van Arsdale
Rolles Gracie

Fighters
Team Rashad
James McSweeney, Brendan Schaub, Justin Wren, Jon Madsen, Roy Nelson, Darrill Schoonover, Matt Mitrione, Mike Wessel
Team Rampage
Kevin "Kimbo Slice" Ferguson, Abe Wagner, Demico Rogers, Wes Sims, Scott Junk, Wes Shivers, Marcus Jones, Zak Jensen

Others
Host: Dana White
Narrator: Mike Rowe

Episodes
Episode 1: Size Does Matter
Only 15 fighters are lined up until Dana White introduced internet street fighting sensation, Kimbo Slice.
The fighters divided up and trained separately with Rashad Evans and Quinton Jackson for evaluations.
White flipped a coin (silver for Rampage, gold for Rashad). The winner of the coin toss chose to either pick the first fighter or decide the first two match ups. The winning fighter's team had to win both fights to keep control of the fight match ups.
Evans won the coin toss and decided to pick the first fighter. This meant that Jackson got to pick the first fight.

Jackson matches Wagner against Madsen.
Jon Madsen defeated Abe Wagner via unanimous decision after two rounds.
At the end of the episode, it is seen that the gash on Wagner's head is so deep, that the medic treating him can see his skull.

Episode 2: All About Survival
Roy Nelson had a discussion with Rashad Evans and the gold team's coaches about his attitude and whether he really wanted to train with the team.
Jackson matched James McSweeney against Wes Shivers.
Team Rashad went past their allotted training time, into the silver team's training time. Quinton Jackson approached Evans and jokingly asked the team to leave.
James McSweeney defeated Wes Shivers by majority decision after two rounds.
Evans matched Nelson against Kimbo Slice.

Episode 3: The Enemy
Keith Jardine appeared at Team Rashad's training session, in support of his friend's team.
Rashad Evans and Quinton Jackson had an argument over the scheduling of the match against each other. James McSweeney joined the argument and Evans pulled him away.
Marcus Jones again struggled in training, this time complaining of an apparent knee injury. Despite this, Jones expressed his desire to compete in the next fight.
Roy Nelson defeated Kimbo Slice by TKO (strikes) at 2:01 in the second round.

Episode 4: Snitch
Marcus Jones was shown sweating profusely, prompting concerns that he would not be able to fight.
Rashad Evans informed his team of the likely choices for the remaining fights.
Justin Wren disagreed with Evans' choice of fight in him against Scott Junk, owing to their friendship.
Matt Mitrione told Team Rampage the planned matches, which led to him becoming a pariah to the rest of his team, who subsequently labelled him as a snitch.
Evans matched Brendan Schaub against Demico Rogers.
Brendan Schaub defeated Demico Rogers by submission (anaconda choke) at 3:17 in the first round.
After the fight, Quinton Jackson did not meet with Rogers; instead, Evans gave him some words of encouragement.

Episode 5: Rude Awakening
Matt Mitrione injured his shoulder in training, but wished to fight soon, leading Team Rashad to question whether his shoulder was legitimately injured or merely sore.
Rashad Evans, in discussion with his assistant coaches, worried about putting Mitrione in the fight and continuing their undefeated streak.
Zak Jensen also became an outcast in the house after being accused of masturbating in the communal bathroom and passing out during practice.
Evans matched Justin Wren against Wes Sims.
Marcus Jones believed that Evans promised him the next fight and becomes very emotional when he is not picked.
Justin Wren defeated Wes Sims by submission (arm triangle choke) at 1:34 in the first round.
Following the match, Quinton Jackson walked away from the cage without checking on his fighter.
Later, in the locker room area, Evans approached Jackson about this, which led to them having another verbal confrontation.

Episode 6: 16 Sharks
Phil Nurse, stand up coach for Georges St-Pierre and Evans, came to help his student at Team Rashad's training practice.
Rashad Evans matches Darrill Schoonover against Zak Jensen.
Quinton Jackson kept calling Schoonover "Titties" and during the fight announcement, Schoonover started swearing at Jackson, leading to a verbal confrontation between the two.
Team Rampage gave Jensen the nickname "Linderman" and Wes Sims started a poll of when Jensen would have a breakdown.
During a training session, Jensen suffered a large cut over his eye. It gets stitched up but there was some concern whether he can fight or wants to fight.
Tiki Ghosn hired an artist to draw a picture of Team Rashad. They hang it in the training center, but Evans took it down before anyone on his team could see. Team Rampage later presented it to the gold team gift wrapped.
Darrill Schoonover defeated Zak Jensen by submission (triangle choke) at 2:29 in the first round.

Episode 7: Voices In My Head
Rashad Evans announced the final two preliminary fights: Matt Mitrione vs. Scott Junk and Mike Wessel vs. Marcus Jones.
Evans and Quinton Jackson continued their war of words, with Evans claiming that Jackson quit on his fighters, not the other way around.
Wes Sims and James McSweeney created a bet as to when Mitrione will break down or snap, much like the previous weeks' bet about Zak Jensen.
During a training session, Jon Madsen and Mitrione nearly came to blows during sparring.
What happened was that Mitrone was told about Madsen saying that he was going to slap him behind his back. He then decided to go out 100%, more than what the coaches instructed.
Evans then approached Mitrione, questioning if he would have the same aggressive temper during the fight.
Matt Mitrione defeated Scott Junk by majority decision after two rounds.
Following the match, Jackson walked away from the cage, flung a water bottle, and destroyed a door leading to the locker room area.

Episode 8: One Soldier Left
Brendan Schaub drew an insulting caricature of Marcus Jones. Mike Wessel later adds "sucks balls" to the bottom of the picture, which angered Jones.
Darrill Schoonover again squared up to Quinton Jackson over his repeated "titties" jibes.
Marcus Jones defeated Mike Wessel by submission (armbar) at 0:50 in the first round.
Jones ends up being the first and only Team Rampage member to make it into the quarterfinals.
Dana White and the two coaches met with each quarter-finalist to find out who their preferred opponent in the next round was.
The quarterfinal fights were announced as:
 Roy Nelson vs. Justin Wren
 Brendan Schaub vs. Jon Madsen
 James McSweeney vs. Matt Mitrione
 Marcus Jones vs. Darrill Schoonover
Rashad Evans offered Team Rampage members the chance to train with him and later, he and Jackson clash once more.

Episode 9: Rattled
Matt Mitrione complains of severe headaches and nausea as a result of his match with Scott Junk. Some believed that he may have had a concussion and may not be able to continue in the tournament. He was sent to the hospital to get a medical evaluation.
As a practical joke, Quinton Jackson and his assistant coaches put chickens in the cars of the Team Rashad coaches.
Dana White visited the house and talked with Mitrione and has him claim that if the doctor clears him to fight, he will fight in his quarterfinal match.
Roy Nelson defeated Justin Wren by majority decision after two rounds.

Episode 10: Gut Check
Matt Mitrione said that the doctor who examined him said he had swelling of the brain as a result of his fight against Scott Junk. There is discussion among Team Rashad coaches as well as other fighters about whether Mitrione will be able to continue in the tournament.
Kimbo Slice had issues with his knee. He had an MRI done and an examination by a doctor. Slice was missing cartilage in his knee and faced the possibility of needing an operation.
The coaches challenge is 2 vs. 2 beach volleyball. Team Rashad defeated Team Rampage, earning Rashad Evans $10,000 and the gold team's fighters $1,500 each.
Evans talked with Mitrione and asked him if he wanted to fight. Mitrione was unable to give him a straight answer. Evans called White about the situation.
Dana White talked with all of the fighters in the training center. He told them that fighters get hurt and fighters fight hurt, but none of them are being forced to fight. He told Mitrione that they will not know if he is medically cleared to fight until the next day; if he is medically cleared, he needed to decide whether he wanted to fight.
Brendan Schaub defeated Jon Madsen by KO (punch) at 1:39 in the second round.

Episode 11: Road to the Finale
Note: This episode aired in the United States as a two-hour episode.
Dana White wanted to talk with fighters for a possible replacement for Matt Mitrione.
White at first talked to Kimbo Slice who complained of knee problems and did not think he could fight to his fullest. Options were given to Slice, such as cortisone shots and other treatments, to improve the arthritis in his knee. However, he turned down the treatment and the possible fight.
Mitrione talked on the phone with his doctor and said he wanted to fight. The doctor cleared him to fight.
Scott Junk was having problems seeing following his fight. The doctor told him there were two small tears in his retina and that he must have surgery or he may go blind. There were questions about whether or not he will be able to fight again.
Marcus Jones took the news about Junk personally. He told Mitrione to give a reason to hit him and claimed that he killed Junk's career.
Junk got an update that the eye surgery was a success and he could start training again in two months time.
At the weigh-in, Mitrione and McSweeney got in each other's faces, and the Englishman shoved Mitrione away.
James McSweeney defeated Matt Mitrione by submission (guillotine choke) at 3:38 in the first round.
Marcus Jones defeated Darrill Schoonover by TKO (punches) at 2:37 in the first round.
The semifinal matches consisted of three, five-minute rounds. The semifinal matches were announced as:
Roy Nelson vs. James McSweeney
Marcus Jones vs. Brendan Schaub
McSweeney locked a claustrophobic Zak Jensen in the bathroom. After being let out, Jensen attacked McSweeney who put him in a standing guillotine choke until he calmed down.
Roy Nelson defeated James McSweeney by TKO (strikes) at 4:13 in the first round.
Brendan Schaub defeated Marcus Jones by TKO (punches) at 2:11 in the first round.

TV ratings
"TUF 10" episode No. 1: 4.1 million viewers
"TUF 10" episode No. 2: 2.9 million viewers
"TUF 10" episode No. 3: 5.3 million viewers (peak: 7.25 million with DVR viewing)
"TUF 10" episode No. 4: 2.8 million viewers (peak: 4.89 million with DVR viewing)
"TUF 10" episode No. 5: 2.8 million viewers
"TUF 10" episode No. 6: 2.8 million viewers
"TUF 10" episode No. 7: 2.5 million viewers
"TUF 10" episode No. 8: 2.7 million viewers
"TUF 10" episode No. 9: 2.5 million viewers
"TUF 10" episode No. 10: 2.4 million viewers
"TUF 10" episode No. 11/12: 2.6 million viewers

Source:

Tournament bracket

The Ultimate Fighter 10 Finale

The Ultimate Fighter: Heavyweights Finale (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 10 Finale) was a mixed martial arts event that was held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) on December 5, 2009.

Background
This card featured was the finals from The Ultimate Fighter: Heavyweights in the Heavyweight division.  It also featured the official UFC debut of Kimbo Slice.

A previously announced bout between Rousimar Palhares and Lucio Linhares was moved to UFC 107. Linhares was a replacement for Alessio Sakara who had to pull out due to rumored visa issues.

Frankie Edgar was expected to face Kurt Pellegrino on the card, but Pellegrino was forced to withdraw due to an injury. Matt Veach, who was previously scheduled to fight Mark Bocek on the event's undercard was named as Edgar' new opponent.

Results

Bonus awards
Fighters were awarded $25,000 bonuses.

Fight of the Night: Frankie Edgar vs. Matt Veach
Knockout of the Night: Roy Nelson
Submission of the Night: Mark Bocek

Reported payout
The following is the reported payout to the fighters as reported to the Nevada State Athletic Commission. It does not include sponsor money or "locker room" bonuses often given by the UFC and also do not include the UFC's traditional "fight night" bonuses.

Roy Nelson: $16,000 ($8,000 win bonus) def. Brendan Schaub: $8,000
Matt Hamill: $46,000 ($23,000 win bonus) def. Jon Jones: $20,000
Kimbo Slice: $25,000 (no win bonus) def. Houston Alexander: $13,000
Frankie Edgar: $46,000 ($23,000 win bonus) def. Matt Veach: $5,000
Matt Mitrione: $16,000 ($8,000 win bonus) def. Marcus Jones: $8,000
James McSweeney: $16,000 ($8,000 win bonus) def. Darrill Schoonover: $8,000
Jon Madsen: $16,000 ($8,000 win bonus) def. Justin Wren: $8,000
Brian Stann: $30,000 ($15,000 win bonus) def. Rodney Wallace: $6,000
John Howard: $14,000 ($7,000 win bonus) def. Dennis Hallman: $15,000
Mark Bocek: $30,000 ($15,000 win bonus) def. Joe Brammer: $5,000

Coaches' fight

UFC 114: Rampage vs. Evans was held on May 29, 2010, in Paradise, Nevada.

Light Heavyweight bout: Quinton Jackson vs.  Rashad Evans
Rashad Evans defeated Quinton Jackson via unanimous decision (30–27, 30–27, 29–28) after three rounds.

References

External links
The Ultimate Fighter website
Official UFC website
The Ultimate Fighter on SpikeTV

2009 American television seasons
The Ultimate Fighter episodes


Claudio Alberto Verino (born January 31, 1984, in Rosario) is an Argentine footballer who plays as a centre-back for Sportivo Belgrano of the Torneo Argentino A in Argentina.

External links
 BDFA profile

1984 births
Living people
Argentine men's footballers
Footballers from Rosario, Santa Fe
Veikkausliiga players
Primera B Metropolitana players
Primera Nacional players
Torneo Federal A players
San Lorenzo de Almagro footballers
Club Atlético San Miguel footballers
Unión de Santa Fe footballers
CSyD Tristán Suárez footballers
Club Atlético Atlanta footballers
FC Inter Turku players
Club Atlético Colegiales (Argentina) players
Club Atlético Douglas Haig players
Sportivo Belgrano footballers
Sarmiento de Resistencia footballers
Chaco For Ever footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Finland
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Finland
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks


Saint-Côme–Linière () is a municipality in the Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada.  The official spelling given by the Commission de toponymie uses an en dash after "Saint-Côme", but the town's own website uses a second hyphen: Saint-Côme—Linière.  The population is 3,278 as of 2021.

Saint-Côme–Linière was constituted by the amalgamation of the parish municipality of Saint-Côme-de-Kennebec and the village of Linière on August 17, 1994.  Saint-Côme was named after Arabian-born Christian martyr Saint Cosmas and Linière received its name from the Lord who was first granted the land and cultivated fields of flax ("Lin" in French).

Demographics

Population
Population trend:

Elected representatives
Gabriel Giguère, mayor

References

Municipalities in Quebec
Incorporated places in Chaudière-Appalaches


The Telecoms Package was the review of the European Union Telecommunications Framework from 2007 – 2009. The objective of the review was to update the EU Telecoms Framework of 2002 and to create a common set of regulations for the telecoms industry across all 27 EU member states. The review consisted of a package of directives addressing the regulation of service provision, access, interconnection, users' contractual rights and users' privacy, as well as a regulation creating a new European regulatory body (BEREC).

The update to the telecoms regulations was needed to address the growth of broadband Internet. It was intended merely to address structural regulation and competitive issues concerning the broadband providers and the provision of spectrum. The Telecoms Package created a new pan-European agency called Body of European Regulators of Electronic Communications (BEREC) overseeing telecoms regulation in the member states. It provided for member states to set minimum quality of service levels for broadband network transmission. It harmonised European contractual rights for telephone and Internet subscribers. These rights included the ability to switch telephone operators within 24 hours of giving notice, and retaining the phone number. Broadband and phone providers are obligated to limit the contract term to 12 months. Subscribers are to be notified of data privacy breaches.

The Telecoms Package became subject to several political controversies, including disputes over the provision of access to infrastructure by dominant broadband providers. However, the most significant controversies concerned copyright and net neutrality.

The controversy over copyright arose because of an attempt to put in amendments mandating Internet service providers to enforce copyright. It was argued that these amendments sought to implement a three-strikes regime. There was a public political argument over this matter. The debate eventually centred on one single counter-amendment, known as Amendment 138. The outcome was that the package was forced to go to three readings in the European Parliament, and a compromise amendment was drafted, with the agreement of the three European institutions – Parliament, Commission and Council. This compromise amendment is sometimes now known as the 'freedom provision'.

The net neutrality controversy arose out of changes made to transparency requirements for broadband providers, where, it was argued, those changes could permit the providers to alter quality-of-service or favour or discriminate against other players.

The Telecoms Package is known in German as Telekom-Paket, in French as Paquet Telecom, in Spanish as Paquete Telecom, and in Swedish as Telekompaketet.

Legislative history
The legislation that comprises the Telecoms Package, as published in the Official Journal of the European Union is:

 Directive 2009/140/EC (Framework, Authorisation and Access directives)
 Directive 2009/136/EC(Universal services and E-privacy directives)
 Regulation No 1211/2009 establishing the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC)

The Telecoms Package was presented by Viviane Reding, the European Commissioner for Information Society, to the European Parliament in Strasbourg 13 November 2007.

The draft legislation that was presented to the European Parliament was:

Proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directives 2002/21/EC on a common regulatory framework for electronic communications networks and services, 2002/19/EC on access to, and interconnection of, electronic communications networks and services, and 2002/20/EC on the authorisation of electronic communications networks and services

Proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2002/22/EC on universal service and users' rights relating to electronic communications networks, Directive 2002/58/EC concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector and Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 on consumer protection cooperation

Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Electronic Communications Market Authority

The Telecoms Package went through three readings in the European Parliament. The First Reading concluded on 24 September 2008. The second reading concluded on 5 May 2009. The third reading, also known as the conciliation process, concluded at midnight on 5 November 2009.

The entire package was finally adopted by a majority vote in the European Parliament on 24 November 2009. This was, however, a legal technicality. The critical policy issues had already been decided during the three readings.

The Telecoms Package entered into European law on 18 December 2009 (the date on which it was published in the Official Journal), after which member states had 18 months to implement its provisions in national law.

Copyright
The Telecoms Package was a complex piece of legislation. It was intended to update many aspects of telecoms regulation. It combined earlier directives from 2002 into two new bundles. The Framework, Access and Authorisation directives from 2002, were put into one new directive. The Universal Services and e-Privacy directives, also from 2002, were bundled together into another new directive.

In the European Commission's draft of 13 November 2007, there were two amendments that attempted to insert support for copyright, notably that EU member states should mandate their broadband providers to co-operate with rights-holders and favouring a 'three strikes' or graduated response regime. These two amendments were Annex 1, point 19 of the Authorisation directive and Amendment 20.6 of the Universal Services directive. They sparked a major political controversy over the enforcement of copyright on the Internet.

The copyright controversy became public during the first reading of European Parliament. It came to dominate the political debate and was the subject of a vocal activist campaign led by La Quadrature du Net. It was only resolved during the third reading, when the European Parliament drafted a new provision that reminded member state governments of their obligations under the European Convention of Human Rights, notably the right to due process.

Amendment 138
The famous (or infamous) Amendment 138 was tabled to highlight the problem of copyright and with the aim of stopping a three strikes regime being legitimated in European Union legislation.

Amendment 138 was an amendment tabled to the Framework directive, that sought to mandate a judicial ruling in cases where Internet access would be cut off. It was deliberately framed to target other proposals for copyright measures – the so-called 'three-strikes'. The text of amendment 138 was:

Amendment 138 was adopted by the European Parliament in the first reading plenary vote on 24 September 2008. This created an inter-institutional stand-off between the Parliament on the one hand, and the Commission and the Council of Ministers, on the other.

In the second reading, on 5 May 2009, the European Parliament again voted for Amendment 138.

In the Third Reading, the only issue under discussion was Amendment 138 and how to handle the copyright issue. A compromise provision was finally agreed by all three EU institutions at midnight on 4 November 2009. This provision is Article 1.3a of the Framework directive. It is sometimes known as the 'Freedom Provision'.

The text of Article 1.3a (the so-called "Freedom Provision") is:

Net neutrality
The Telecoms Package contained provisions that concerned net neutrality. These provisions related to transparency of information supplied by network operators and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to their subscribers. They can be found in Article 20 and 21 of the Universal Services directive.

These two articles were subject to considerable lobbying by the telecoms network operators, who wanted to retain the flexibility to run the networks to suit their business requirements.

Some of their demands were criticised by citizens advocacy groups, who argued that certain proposed amendments would allow the broadband operators to use discriminatory forms of traffic management. The outcome was a strange wording in the text:

"inform subscribers of any change to conditions limiting access to and/or use of services and applications, where such conditions are permitted under national law in accordance with Community law";

The Telecoms Package was a target for lobbying by American telecoms companies, notably AT&T and Verizon, seeking to get the ability to use sophisticated traffic management techniques on broadband networks embedded into European law. Filip Svab, chairman of the "Telecoms Working Group" of the Council of the European Union, which was responsible for drafting the council's changes to the Telecoms Package on the second reading, left Brussels for a new job with AT&T (External Affairs Director).

See also
 Body of European Regulators of Electronic Communications (BEREC)
 Regulation on roaming charges in the European Union

References

External links
 Telecoms Package – Framework directive inter-institutional procedure file
 Telecoms Package – Framework directive European Parliament procedure file
 La Quadrature du Net on the Telecoms Package
 Net Neutrality: Towards a Co-regulatory Solution
 Iptegrity.com tracked the policy developments on the Telecoms Package
 The Copyright Enforcement Enigma – Internet Politics and the Telecoms Package

European Union competition law
European Union telecommunications policy
Net neutrality