The Decree Against Communism was a 1949 Catholic Church document issued by the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office, and approved by Pope Pius XII, which declared Catholics who professed communist doctrine to be excommunicated as apostates from the Christian faith.

Background
Opposition to socialism and communism in Catholic social teaching had already been expressed in the teachings of popes since the encyclicals Nostis et nobiscum (1849), Quanta cura (1864), and Rerum novarum (1891).

In the earlier social encyclicals, the criticism of communism described it as a system violating human rights: e.g., the right to own property.  After revolutions in Russia, China, and Mexico had been followed by religious persecution, a new theme of criticism was added, beginning with Quadragesimo anno (1931) by Pope Pius XI.  This encyclical objected to what it considered to be communism's professed opposition to religion, and its threat to the freedom and the very existence of the Church. In 1937, Pius XI rejected atheistic communism in an encyclical entitled Divini Redemptoris as "a system full of errors and sophisms", with a "pseudo-ideal of justice, equality, and fraternity" and "a certain false mysticism", and contrasted it with a humane society (civitas humana).

After the Italian parliamentary election of April 1948, in which the communist-socialist coalition won 31% of the vote, the Holy Office began to study the issue of communism in order to give guidance to Catholic lay people and clergy with questions about support for communist parties.

An additional impulse for Vatican action against communism arose in Czechoslovakia, where the communist government, installed by a coup d'état in February 1948, undertook a campaign to take control of the Catholic Church by several means. Among other measures, it created an organization of priests favorable to the regime, took control of church finances, and demanded that pastoral letters to the faithful or the clergy be approved by government ministries.

On July 15, 1948, L'Osservatore Romano published a decree which excommunicated those who propagate "the materialistic and anti-Christian teachings of Communism". The document, however, did not mention the Italian Communist Party, which had changed its statutes in 1946, removing an explicit profession of Marxism-Leninism, and opening to participation by citizens, "independent of race, religious faith or philosophical convictions".

In the spring of 1949, pressure on the Church in Czechoslovakia was increasing, and, according to Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini, then papal Secretary of State, Pope Pius XII, had come to feel that there would be no effective diplomatic opposition from the West. Thus, the Church had to use what means it had to confront communism, not only in the immediate situation, but for a long-term opposition.

Form of the document
The document, as published in the Acta Apostolicae Sedis, bears the date July 1, 1949 and the heading Decretum (Decree), and is presented in the form of a dubium: that is, in question-and-answer format. It presents four questions, together with the Holy Office's replies: (1) Is it licit to join or show favor to Communist parties? (2) Is it licit to publish, distribute, or read publications that support Communist doctrine or activity, or to write for them? (3) May Christians who knowingly and freely commit the acts in parts 1 and 2 be given the sacraments? (4) Do Christians who profess, defend, or promote materialistic Communist doctrine incur the penalty of excommunication as apostates from the Christian faith, with the penalty reserved so that it may only be lifted by the Holy See?

The answers in the decree were negative to the first three questions and affirmative to the fourth.

Publication and reception
After the document was approved by Pius XII on June 30, the text of the document was delivered to printers to prepare its release. Shortly thereafter, it was leaked to the press, and so appeared in public early, with no advance notice to the clergy and no commentary to explain the document.

The decree was published in the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano on July 16, 1949. A commentary followed on July 27, 1949, explaining reasons for its condemnation of communist activity and doctrine. It also made clear the scope of the excommunication stated in the decree: it did not apply to all people who voted for communists or supported the party, but only to people who held the materialistic and atheistic doctrines of communism.

The Decree met with some surprising public support despite the disorder around its publication: from Protestant countries, there was favorable commentary which recognized the decree as a response to communist pressure on the Church in Eastern Europe. The United States urged the Patriarch of Constantinople Athenagoras, who supported the decree, to issue a similar document for the Eastern Orthodox world.

Response from pro-communist newspapers in Italy was sharply critical, but the Soviet press was silent.  Italian Communist Party General Secretary Palmiro Togliatti was restrained in his criticism, inasmuch as many party supporters were practicing Catholics.

Repercussions
In the wake of the Decree, Pope Pius XII encouraged efforts to develop Catholic social teaching and thus counteract the appeal of communist social doctrine. The Decree marked the beginning of a long institutional conflict between Catholicism and communism. The Holy Office issued later documents condemning communism:
 Excommunication of Bishop Dechet, February 18, 1950,
 Membership in communist youth organizations, September 28, 1950,
 Usurpation of Church functions by the State, June 29, 1950,
 Illegitimate state ordered ordinations of bishops, April 9, 1951,
 Publications favouring totalitarian Communism, June 28 and July 22, 1955,

A further dubium dated April 4, 1959 from the Holy Office and ratified by Pope John XXIII made the provisions of the 1949 Decree more specific, stating that it implied a prohibition on voting for parties that were helping communists, even if such parties themselves had inoffensive doctrines or even called themselves Christian.

Validity
The decree was amended in 1966 when Pope Paul VI abrogated Canon 1399 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law. While some have argued that such Decree has been tacitly abrogated by the implementation of the Second Council of the Vatican, this has never been confirmed by the Holy See and the pastoral constitution Gaudium et spes has explicitly condemned materialistic and atheistic ideologies.

References

External links
 Text of the Decree on the Montfort website
 Official publication in Acta Apostolicae Sedis, n. 41 (page 334)

Anti-communism
Disengagement from religion
Pope Pius XII foreign relations
Holy See–Soviet Union relations
Documents of Pope Pius XII
1949 documents
1949 in Christianity
Against Communism


Stephanie Ann Davies (born 21 October 1987) is a former international cricketer who represented England in four One Day Internationals (ODIs) as well as Somerset in county cricket. She was a right-arm medium-fast bowler and right-handed batter.

After making her county debut for Somerset at the age of 13, Davies quickly progressed into the England development and youth sides. She toured Australia with England Under-19s aged 15 and after two successful European tournaments, she captained the England Under-21s to victory in the 2006 Under-21 European Championships. After more matches for the development squad, and a number of tour matches for England, she made her ODI debut during the 2007–08 tour of Australia and New Zealand, playing the fifth and final one-day match against Australia, and three of the five matches against New Zealand. Following this, she continued to be involved in the England Academy, but did not make any further ODI appearances. In 2009, she took on the captaincy of Somerset.

Career

Early years
After watching cricket with her father, Davies began playing Kwik cricket, and then played age-group cricket for local boys' teams, including Mountain Ash and Mid Glamorgan. At the age of 13, she took part in a women's trial match, and was selected to play with the older women cricketers in the South West of England.  At this time, she began to play women's cricket for Somerset Wanderers as well as her boys' matches.  She soon progressed into the Somerset county side, making her debut that same year, aged 13 against Lancashire.  She played four of Somerset's five Women's County Championship matches in 2001, and claimed her first wicket for the side in the third of these, trapping Derbyshire's Jane Morris leg before wicket during an economical spell in which she conceded only five runs off four overs.

Davies progressed quickly into the England development squad, representing them in a 2002 match against British Universities Sports Association.  She also played a match for Wales, helping her native country defeat Scotland by seven wickets.  Although she did not appear for Somerset in the County Championship during the season, she did help Somerset Wanderers reach the semi-final of the ECB Women's National Knockout. In 2002, she made her first appearance in the Super Fours—a competition in which the England selectors place the 48 leading players into four teams—playing one match for the Knight Riders.

England Under-19 debut
She was chosen as part of the England Under-19s squad to tour Australia during the English winter of 2002–03, in which the England side took part in the Women's Australian Under-19 Championships.  Davies had little impact in the competition, claiming two wickets from her nine overs, and scoring eleven runs during her two innings.  She also played in one of the two matches against the Australia Under-19s side, bowling six overs in which she claimed one wicket.

In 2003, Davies was again selected for the Super Fours competition, appearing in three matches for the Braves without standing out.  She played five County Championship matches for Somerset, moving up the batting order; after batting at number four in her first match of the season, she was promoted to open the innings for the remainder of the season.  The move proved profitable, she passed her previous highest total during her first match in the new position, scoring 35 against Middlesex, and after a couple of lower totals, she made her highest score in women's List A cricket when she scored 70 against Hampshire.  Despite this move she remained in the lower order on her next international appearance, a 50-over contest for the England development squad which served as a warm-up for the touring South Africa national women's cricket team.  She claimed three wickets during her seven overs as the English side won by seven wickets.

 Twenty20 cricket was introduced into the English women's domestic game for the first time in 2004 as part of the Super Fours competition.  Playing her first match of this format, Davies took four wickets for Braves, helping them to a 12 run victory in the semi-final of the competition. Davies had some success in the 50-over tournament; although she only claimed two wickets in her four matches, she boasted the third lowest economy rate.  She continued to open the batting for Somerset, but did not pass 50 runs in a match during her four matches for the county.  Upon the conclusion of the English domestic season, Davies travelled to Ireland as part of the England squad to compete in the 2004 Women's European Under-21 Championships.  Davies played two different roles for England during the tournament; in the first match she was used purely as an opening batsman, scoring 25 runs off 27 balls to help chase down a small Scotland total of 57 in under 10 overs.  In the subsequent two matches, she batted as part of the middle order, and bowled at least five overs in each match.  Against the Netherlands, she bowled very economically, finishing with figures of 1/5 off her 5.3 overs.  England won all three of their matches to win the competition.

During 2005, Davies passed 50 twice, making 65 against Nottinghamshire and 51 against Berkshire in the second half of the season. Due to her improved performances with the bat in the previous season, Davies was promoted to bat slightly higher in the order for the Braves, playing two matches at number five and two at number three.  At the close of the season, she played for England A women in a match against the senior England side, scoring 8 runs after opening the batting.  She was then selected as part of the England Development Squad to compete in the 2005 Women's European Championship in Wales.  As with her appearances in the Under-21 European Championship, her role altered from match to match.  On the two occasions on which she was asked to bat, she scored 23 at number three against Ireland, and 31 opening the innings against Netherlands.  She finished the tournament as the leading bowler in terms of wickets, bowling average and economy.  In total she claimed nine wickets in her four matches, coming at an average of 5.88.  The highlight of her bowling came in the match against Scotland, when Davies collected four wickets in 6.2 overs, conceding just five runs during this time.

Davies had a reasonably quiet 2006 domestic season with both bat and ball. In four 50-over matches for Somerset she scored 34 runs at an average of 8.50, and took four wickets at an average of 33.75, taking a wicket in each match. Davies was again selected for the Super Fours, this time playing for the Emeralds. She made 74 runs at 14.80 in five matches with a highest score of 29, but was ineffective with the ball, taking 2 wickets at 74.00. Davies performed well for England A during a match against the touring Indian side, restricting the visitors to just fifteen runs off her ten overs, taking two wickets as she did so.  Opening both the batting and bowling for England in this match, she then added an unbeaten 27, albeit off 77 balls, to help England A secure victory via the Duckworth–Lewis method.  She was named as captain of the England Under-21 side for the 2006 Women's European Under-21 Championships, and led her side to three large victories to retain the competition title.  She finished the tournament near the top of both the batting and bowling averages charts, boosted by her performance against Ireland, in which she took three wickets for just six runs conceded in her bowling duties, and followed it up with a score of 31 as her side chased a low Irish total of 69 to win.

Full international debut
In June 2007, Davies made her first appearance for the senior England side, albeit in a non-international match against an England Cricket Board Invitational XI.  She was not required to bat or bowl in the match, which England won by five wickets.  As the English summer continued, she played three matches for the England development squad, making scores of 34 and 18 in matches against South Africa, and 15 against England.  In November 2007, she was named as part of the England squad which travelled to Australia and New Zealand, her first tour as a member of the senior England side.  She was selected to play in two of the three warm-up matches on the tour, but did not make her ODI debut until the fifth and final match of the series.  Coming on to bowl as the first change, Davies claimed four wickets in her first international innings, trapping Lisa Sthalekar, Kate Blackwell and Leonie Coleman leg before wicket, and having Kirsten Pike stumped off the last ball of the innings.  Despite her performance, Australia won the match by 41 runs.  After playing the only warm-up match in New Zealand, in which she scored 25 from the lower order, Davies missed the first ODI, returning for the second.  She bowled six wicket-less overs in this match, and was not required to bat as England chased down the hosts total for the loss of only one wicket.  Her bowling was used slightly more in the next match, claiming the wicket of Amy Satterthwaite during her nine overs.  As with the previous match, her batting was not required as England reached the required target with six wickets remaining.  She added one more wicket the fourth ODI, but there was no result as the match was washed out, leaving Davies without a batting innings during the series.

In September 2007, Davies started studying Sport and Physical Education at the University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, meaning that she had to juggle her cricket career with her academic studies in 2008.  She represented England sides twice, both in early August, playing for the academy against Ireland and for the development squad the following day against the senior England side.  As an MCC Young Cricketer, she was also selected to play in an MCC side against India later in the same month.  She played five Somerset's six County Championship matches, her best performance of the season coming against Warwickshire, when she claimed a wicket and scored 25 runs to help her county to victory.  She also made one appearance in the Super Fours for Rubies.

Somerset captain
Davies was named Somerset captain for the 2009 season, taking over from Hannah Lloyd, who continued to play for the side.  In her first match as captain—against Surrey on 10 May 2009—she scored a half-century, and shared a 128-run partnership with fellow opener Sophie Le Marchand, helping her side to a 21 run victory.  That score remained her best of the season, and in a rebuilding season for the county, she finished as the leading run-scorer, with 217.  She also finished the season as Somerset's most economical bowler, and her seven wickets meant that she trailed only Izzy Westbury among wicket-takers.  She continued to play for both England Academy and MCC Young Cricketers, and represented the academy in two Twenty20 matches against Pakistan prior to the 2009 ICC Women's World Twenty20.  She continued as captain in 2010, and in Somerset's opening fixture of the season, against Berkshire, she claimed her fourth List A four-wicket haul. She played her last match for Somerset in 2011 against Cheshire.

References

External links

1987 births
English women cricketers
England women One Day International cricketers
Living people
Somerset women cricket captains
Somerset women cricketers
Sportspeople from Aberdare
Welsh women cricketers


Leanne Clare Davis is an English former international cricketer notable for being the youngest player, male or female, to represent the national side. In total she played two One Day Internationals for the England women's cricket team. She is currently based in Australia.

Early life

Davis was born in Rochdale, Greater Manchester on 26 April 1985. She spent her early years in the nearby suburban town of Milnrow.

Domestic career

Davis played county cricket for Lancashire between 1999 and 2006, helping them to promotions in 1999 and 2003. She took her maiden five-wicket haul against Somerset in 2000. She also played for V Team and Braves in the Super Fours competition.

After moving to Australia, she played for South Australia for two seasons before spending a season with Australian Capital Territory.

In 2009 Davis was a member of the winning West Torrens Eagles, a women's A grade team who won the premiership by beating arch rivals Sturt in the final.

International career

Davis made her international debut in an ODI against South Africa at New Road, Worcester on 1 July 2000 at the age of just 15 years, 66 days. This made her the youngest cricketer, male or female, to play for England, a record which stands to this day. She made one further international appearance in an ODI against Scotland on 10 August 2001. Across her two matches, she took one wicket at an average of 20.

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Cricketers from Rochdale
English women cricketers
English emigrants to Australia
Australian expatriate sportspeople in England
England women One Day International cricketers
ACT Meteors cricketers
Lancashire women cricketers
South Australian Scorpions cricketers


Blackleach Burritt (1744 – August 27, 1794) was a preacher during the American Revolutionary War. During the war, he was incarcerated in a sugar house prison.

Early life and ancestors
Blackleach Burritt was born at Ripton Parish, now Huntington, Fairfield County, Connecticut, circa 1744, although no birth records have been found for his birth.  He was the son and second child of Peleg Burritt, Jr.  and the grandson of Peleg Burritt, Sr. and Sarah Bennett and member of the fifth generation of the Burritt family in America. The Burritts were descended from an old Connecticut family and his original immigrant ancestor was William Burritt and his wife Elizabeth who had emigrated to Connecticut around 1640 possibly from Glamorganshire, Wales. They were among the first settlers of Stratford, Connecticut. He was an expert blacksmith, an important trade for the new town.

His mother was Elizabeth Blackleach, the daughter of Richard Blackleach, Jr.  and Mehitabel (Leete) Laborie and a great-granddaughter of William Leete who was the Governor of the Colony of New Haven from 1661 to 1665 and Governor of Connecticut from 1676 to 1683. His mother died circa 1745 and his father remarried at Ripton Parish on November 25, 1746, Deborah Beardslee, the daughter of Caleb Beardslee and Elizabeth Booth, who was born on February 1, 1726, at Stratford, Connecticut and died at Hanover Green, Pennsylvania, on August 7, 1802. They were the parents of five children.

In 1751, he was made the heir of his grandfather Blackleach's large estate, since his mother had already died. He had aspired to further his education and his college tuition was paid for by the inheritance from his grandfather Blackleach's estate.

His great-uncle was the Rev. Dr. Israel Chauncy, the youngest son of President Charles Chauncy. He graduated in 1661 from Harvard College and was called as the pastor at the Congregational Church at Stratford, Connecticut, in 1663. On November 11, 1701, he was chosen Rector, or President of the new founded Yale College in New Haven, Connecticut.  Professor James Luce Kingsley, in his History of Yale College, remarks of him, that "he had a high reputation for scholarship." He, however, declined the appointment. Dr. Charles Chauncy of Boston says of him, "He spent his days among that people (the people of Stratford) in great reputation as a physician, as well as a divine. It was said of him that he was one of the most hospitable and benevolent old gentlemen."

Family
Soon after graduating from Yale College in 1765, he married, as his first wife, Martha Welles (1744 - April 1786) with whom he had twelve children. She was a daughter of Gideon Welles and Eunice Walker and a great-great granddaughter of Governor Thomas Welles who along with his wife Alice and six children settled in the late summer 1636 probably in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was the only man in Connecticut's history to hold all four top offices: governor, deputy governor, treasurer, and secretary. Following the death of his first wife, he married Deborah Wells of Long Island in 1788. There were two children born from this second marriage.

Education and career
He graduated from Yale College in 1765.  After graduating, he studied theology with his pastor, the Rev. Jedidiah Mills, Yale College, 1722, and was licensed to preach in the Congregational Church on February 24, 1768, by the Fairfield East Association of Ministers. Shortly after this he was preaching in Ridgebury Parish, in Ridgefield, Connecticut. Sometime prior to 1774, he and his family had relocated to Dutchess County, New York.  He was ordained and licensed to preach that year in the Presbyterian Church and was installed as the pastor of the Pound Ridge Presbyterian Church where he was a very active partisan on the side of the Patriots while serving at this parish.

Burritt was influenced by and championed the causes of the evangelical style of the Great Awakening.  He was also greatly influenced by the works of Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield.  He heard Whitefield preach, on several occasions, at the Yale College Chapel. He was also known for his use of extemporaneous preaching.

Imprisonment
At the beginning of 1779, he was installed as the pastor of the  Congregational Church in Greenwich, Connecticut, and while thus employed, having been prominent in his advocacy of the American cause, he was captured, on the early morning of June 18, 1779, and taken to the Sugar House Prison in New York City, where he was detained for about fourteen months, during which time his family took refuge in Pound Ridge, New York. The British press referred to Blackleach Burritt as that "most pestiferous rebel priest and preacher of sedition".

It is worthy of record here in this connection, that while Rev. Burritt was so incarcerated, being sick almost unto death, he was kindly ministered unto by William Irving, father of Washington Irving, and to whom he afterwards gave a quaint certificate vouching for his loyalty and setting forth the facts of the case, he (Irving) evidently being under the impression that his residence in the city during the war might expose him to proscription on the part of the now victorious Patriots. The document is published in Vol. I., of Washington Irving's Biography, and reference is made to the fact in the Burritt Family Record.

Release
The exact date of his release from the Sugar House Prison is not known. However, by October 1780, he was living near Crompond, New York, where he was serving as pastor of the Presbyterian Church at that location. He served as the pastor of several Presbyterian churches in Westchester County, New York from 1780 to around 1788. In 1788 or 9 he was preaching in the North Parish of New Fairfield, Connecticut, now the town of Sherman, Connecticut; and in 1790 he was similarly engaged in Greenfield, then part of Saratoga, New York. Sometime in 1790, he had relocated to Duanesburg, New York, where many members of his family had settled and he founded the Presbyterian Church in Duanesburg around this same time.

Death
In 1792 he began to preach to the Congregational Society in the village of Winhall, Vermont, where he was installed pastor on January 1, 1793. Burritt is reported to have had wonderful physical strength and agility. As a preacher he was noted for fluency and a love of argument. He was regarded as somewhat visionary and unpractical, and perhaps eccentric.

He died in Winhall of a prevailing fever on August 27, 1794, aged about 50 years.

References

Sources
Bailey, Sarah Loring.Historical sketches of Andover: (comprising the present towns of North Andover and Andover)Pages 97–1857 of Historical Sketches of Andover: Comprising the Present Towns of North Andover and Andover New York: Publisher Houghton, 1880.
Bolton, Robert. A history of the county of Westchester, from its first settlement to the present time, Volume 2  Publisher Printed by Alexander S. Gould, 1848.
Brace, Gerald Warner. Days that Were. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 1976. .
Burritt, Dr, Alice.The family of Blackleach Burritt, Jr: pioneer, and one of the first settlers of Uniondale, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania  Publisher: Press of Gibson Bros., 1911.
Clark, Edward Stephens.The Stephens family, with collateral branches  Publisher: J. Winterburn Company, 1892.
Cleave, Egbert. Sketch of Dr. John Franklin Gray, Cleave's Biographical Cyclopædia of Homœopathic Physicians and Surgeons. published by Galaxy Publishing Company, 1873.
Day, Sherman.Historical collections of the State of Pennsylvania: containing a copious selection of the most interesting facts, traditions, biographical sketches, anecdotes, etc., relating to its history and antiquities, both general and local, with topographical descriptions of every county  Publisher: G. W. Gorton, 1843.
Dexter, Franklin Bowditch.Biographical sketches of the graduates of Yale college with annals of the college history ... Volume 3 of Biographical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale College with Annals of the College History  Publisher: Holt & Company, 1903.
Durfee, Calvin.Williams biographical annals Publisher Lee and Shepard, 1871.
Foster, Emma J.The New York genealogical and biographical record, Volume 34" History of Carmel, New York  Publisher: New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, 1903.
Fowler, Charles Chauncy.Memorials of the Chaunceys: including President Chauncy, his ancestors and descendants  Publisher: H.W. Dutton and son, printers, 1858.
Fuess, Claude Moore. An old New England school: a history of Phillips Academy Andover  New York: Publisher Houghton Mifflin company, 1917.
Gillett, Rev. Ezra Hall History of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, Volume 1  Publisher Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1864.
Hillstrom, Kevin.The industrial revolution in America, Volume 2  Publisher: ABC-CLIO, 2005 .
Irving, Pierre Munroe. The Life and Letters of Washington Irving New York: Publisher, BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008. .
Kingsley, James Luce.A sketch of the history of Yale College in Connecticut   Publisher: printed by Perkins, Marvin, & Co., 1835.
Lindgren, Charlotte Holt. Gerald Warner Brace: Writer, Sailor, Teacher. New Hampshire: Hollis Publishing Company. 1998. .
Mather, Frederic Gregory. The refugees of 1776 from Long Island to Connecticut, Volume 94 of Willey whaling collection New York: J. B. Lyon Company, printers, 1913
Mead, Spencer. Abstract of Probate Records at Fairfield, County of Fairfield, and State of Connecticut, 1704-1757 The Knickerbocker Press, 1911.
O'Dea, Suzanne. From suffrage to the Senate an encyclopedia of American women in politics Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio
Raymond, Marcius Denison. Gray genealogy : being a genealogical record and history of the descendants of John Gray, of Beverly, Mass., and also including sketches of other Gray families. New York: Higginson Book Company, 1887.
MD Raymond. Souvenir of the Sherburne Centennial Celebration and Dedication of Monument to the Proprietors and Early Settlers, held on Wednesday, June 21, 1893. New York: M.D. Raymond, 1892.
Raymond, Marcius D. Sketch of Rev. Blackleach Burritt and related Stratford families : a paper read before the Fairfield County Historical Society, at Bridgeport, Conn., Friday evening, Feb. 19, 1892. Bridgeport : Fairfield County Historical Society 1892.
Raymond, Samuel. Genealogies of the Raymond families of New England, 1630-1 to 1886. With a historical sketch of some of the Raymonds of early times, their origin, etc. New York: Press of J.J. Little & Co., 1886.
Siemiatkoski, Donna Holt.The Descendants of Governor Thomas Welles of Connecticut, 1590–1658, and His Wife, Alice Tomes Baltimore: Publisher Gateway Press, 1990.
Talcott, Edward Lorenzo.The family of William Leete: one of the first settlers of Guilford, Conn., and governor of New Haven and Connecticut colonies  Publisher: Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, printers, 1884.

External links

 Biographical sketches of the graduates of Yale college with annals of the college history ... Volume 3 of Biographical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale College with Annals of the College History. Publisher: Holt & Company, (1903).
Gray genealogy : being a genealogical record and history of the descendants of John Gray, of Beverly, Mass., and also including sketches of other Gray families. New York: Higginson Book Company, (1887).
Sketch of Rev. Blackleach Burritt and related Stratford families : a paper read before the Fairfield County Historical Society, at Bridgeport, Conn., Friday evening, Feb. 19, 1892 (1892)
Souvenir of the Sherburne Centennial Celebration and Dedication of Monument to the Proprietors and Early Settlers, held on Wednesday, June 21, 1893 (1893).
 The Children's Aid Society
 Biographical sketch of Thomas Welles Connecticut State Library
 Biographical sketch of William Leete Connecticut State Library

1744 births
1794 deaths
People from Shelton, Connecticut
Yale College alumni
American Congregationalist ministers
American Presbyterians
People of colonial Connecticut
Congregationalism
People of Connecticut in the American Revolution
People of New York (state) in the American Revolution
Clergy in the American Revolution
American Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by Great Britain


Alison Elder is an English former cricketer who played as a batter and occasional wicket-keeper. She appeared in four One Day Internationals for England in 1990, making her debut against The Netherlands. In total she scored 43 runs, with a best of 37 not out, and took six catches. She played domestic cricket for East Anglia and Yorkshire.

References

External links

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
English women cricketers
England women One Day International cricketers
Yorkshire women cricketers


Pamela Ravenscroft, also known as Pamela Swynford De Beaufort, is a fictional character from the television series True Blood. The series was created by Alan Ball, and based on The Southern Vampire Mysteries by author Charlaine Harris. Portrayed by actress Kristin Bauer van Straten, Pam is a vampire sired by Eric Northman. She is the co-owner of Fangtasia, a vampire bar. Her age is never referenced in True Blood. In the short story "Two Blondes," it is revealed that she is approximately 160 years old.

Backstory
Pam's human life is rarely referenced in the novels until the seventh book in the series, All Together Dead, in which Pam tells Sookie Stackhouse that she lived in London with her parents during the Victorian era. As a human, Pam is characterised as being romantic and bold. At the age of 19, while traveling at night to see a friend's cousin with whom she had a romantic relationship, she encounters vampire Eric Northman, who changes her into a vampire.

In the fifth season of the television series, Pam is described as a madam during her human life in a Barbary Coast (San Francisco) brothel in 1905.  However, the season five finale makes a reference to her human history in England.

Physical description

Harris describes Pam as looking like a young, middle-class, suburban housewife; she also describes Pam as "Alice in Wonderland with fangs". Pam is described as being round-faced with a chalky pale complexion, and has dark blue eyes and straight blond hair "white as a magnolia petal". She is also described as being shorter than Sookie, who is 5 feet 6 inches tall. In an internal monologue, Sookie describes her as "ethereally lovely, with a kind of deadly edge."

Personality and traits
Pam is characterised as possessing a morbid sense of humour. Pam believes that vampires are superior to humans, and states that she was quite happy to be turned into a vampire, feeling that she would have quickly grown into a frustrated, bitter, and ultimately cruel person due to the limited opportunities accorded to a human woman of her time. She is portrayed as a callous, amoral, and self-centered individual. She takes joy in teasing and provoking others, such as Fellowship of the Sun members Sookie, Felicia, and especially Eric. When Sookie first enters Fangtasia, Pam reveals that she "never forgets a face"; when Jessica calls Pam later in the series, Pam responds by saying, "Yes, I remember you perfectly." Pam uses Sookie's entrance into Fangtasia as ammunition to tease Eric. Like Eric, Pam is violent and vengeful, although she often expresses her wit through dry humour. Pam normally speaks with an American accent but is shown to slip into a slightly old English accent when excited. She is skilled in combat and confident in her ability to overcome most foes and survive most attacks, even from other supernaturals.

Relationships
In the book series, Pam is portrayed as bisexual and is more fond of women. In From Dead to Worse, she dates Amelia Broadway, Sookie's roommate and a witch.

Pam can often be seen beside Eric, whom she is bound to obey. She has been in love with Eric since she first met him, and often displays concern for Eric's happiness and well-being. She is friends with Sookie, whom she sometimes calls her "telepathic friend" and her "favorite breather". Sookie rescues Pam twice in the series: in Dead to the World during the battle with the witches and in All Together Dead from a collapsing hotel. Pam advises Sookie to be more selective in picking her friends in reference to Arlene. It was revealed in Dead to the World that she shared a nest with Clancy and Chow.

Work and position within the vampire hierarchy
Harris introduces Pam as the co-owner of Fangtasia and Eric's second-in-command. Later in the books, it is revealed that Eric asked Pam to leave Minnesota and move to Louisiana to help him run the bar. Pam is based at the bar as a bouncer and co-owner but has other duties in Eric's various business dealings. Pam takes a more prominent role in the plot of the fourth book, Dead to the World, when Eric has memory loss.

After Eric marries Freyda, the Queen of Oklahoma, in Dead Ever After, Pam becomes the new vampire sheriff of area 5 in Louisiana.

Television portrayal
In True Blood, the HBO television series based on the books, Pam (renamed Pamela Swynford De Beaufort) is portrayed by Kristin Bauer van Straten, who first appeared in a BloodCopy.com video called “The Vampire in Baton Rouge”. In the True Blood series, Bill mentions that she was turned 100 years ago during the old west period. Pam is shown to occasionally speak Swedish. She is portrayed as a strong and hard-natured character who is sarcastic and callous and feels little for anyone but Eric. However, she is shown to put aside her personal feelings towards Sookie in Season 4, when Eric loses his memory, and asks Sookie to look after him. In "Authority Always Wins", an episode from Season 5, Pam experiences flashbacks to 1905 when she worked as the madam of a brothel. It is revealed that Eric saved her from a man who wished to kill her. In this storyline, Eric only turned Pam, who feared the life of an old ex-prostitute, after she threatened suicide. At the end of True Blood, she and Eric are getting rich from New Blood, the cure for "Hep V", and are happily living with each other again.

References

Fictional vampires
Fictional bisexual women
Fictional characters with superhuman durability or invulnerability
Fictional characters with superhuman strength
Fictional characters who can move at superhuman speeds
Fictional characters with accelerated healing
Fictional people from London
Fictional prostitutes
Literary characters introduced in 2001
The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters


The Mistletoe Mystery is the 169th volume of the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series.

Plot summary
Nancy's friend Bess has been hired by Special Effects, a River Heights company, to decorate Albemarle's department store for the holidays. When Bess discovers that her friend Ali Marie is now working at that store, she is thrilled — the two of them can have lunch and try on clothes for fun! However, when some dresses are swiped, Ali is accused of stealing and the party is over. Sure of her friend's innocence, Bess calls Nancy to help find the real thief. With all the suspects and misleading clues, Nancy and her friends are running in circles — and the holiday shopping rush isn't helping! But with all the difficulties they figure out that Bess's boss Wayne is the real thief.

References

Nancy Drew books
2002 American novels
2002 children's books
Christmas novels


Michael Bryan (9 April 1757 – 21 March 1821) was an English art historian, art dealer and connoisseur. He was involved in the purchase and resale of the great French Orleans Collection of art, selling it on to a British syndicate, and owned a fashionable art gallery in Savile Row, London. His book, Biographical and Critical Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, first published in 1813–1816, was a standard reference work (revised, and often under variant titles) throughout the 19th century, and was last republished in 1920; however it is now badly outdated.

Life and work

Bryan was born in Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland (now Tyne and Wear), and educated at the Royal Grammar School under Dr. Moyce. He travelled to London in 1781, then to Flanders with his eldest brother, where he lived from 1782 to 1790, possibly having some connection with the cloth trade, but also building up his art historical knowledge. In June 1784, he married Juliana Talbot (1759–1801), the sister of Charles Talbot, the 15th Earl of Shrewsbury, which gained him valuable aristocratic social connections.

Bryan moved back to London in 1790 establishing himself as an authority and dealer in Fine Art. In 1793 or 1794, he again went to the continent in search of fine pictures. Among other places he visited Holland, and remained there until an order arrived from the French government to stop all English citizens then resident there. He was, amongst many others, detained at Rotterdam. It was here that he met Jean-Joseph de Laborde who, in 1798, sought his advice and assistance in disposing of the Italian part of the famous private "Orleans Collection" of art which he had acquired. Bryan, in effect, became a middleman for the purchase, and contacted the Duke of Bridgewater, who authorised him to open negotiations. After three weeks, a syndicate consisting of the Duke of Bridgewater, Marquis of Stafford, then Lord Gower, and the Earl of Carlisle, became the purchasers of the collection from Bryan, at a price of £43,500. The collection was displayed in Bryan's private art gallery in Pall Mall, London, as well as at The Lyceum in the Strand.

In 1801 Bryan obtained, through the Duke of Bridgewater, the king's permission to visit Paris in order to purchase art from the cabinet of Monsieur Robit to bring back to England. Among other fine pictures, he returned with two by the baroque Spanish artist Murillo - "The infant Christ as the Good Shepherd", and "The infant St. John with the lamb".

In 1804 Bryan retired from the art world, and settled at his brother's home in Yorkshire, where he remained until 1811. In 1812 Bryan again visited London, and commenced writing his "magnum opus" - the Biographical and Critical Dictionary of Painters and Engravers in 2 volumes. The first part appeared in May 1813, and concluded in 1816. He owned a gallery in London's Savile Row, which became a fashionable gathering place for artists and their patrons. In 1818 he became involved with some speculative art purchases which proved a failure.

On 14 February 1821, Bryan suffered a severe paralytic stroke, dying at Portman Square, London on 21 March of the same year.

Bibliography
Bryan's dictionary of painters and engravers ( London (George Bell & Sons), Cambridge (Deighton, Bell & Co), New York (The Macmillan Co) and Bombay (A. H. Wheeler & Co) Edition of 1903 - 1905:
Volume 1 (A to C) 1903
Volume 2 (D to G)
Volume 3 (H to M)
Volume 4 (N to R)
Volume 5 (S to Z) 1905

References

External links

Bryan's dictionary of painters and engravers revised and enlarged by George C. Williamson, hathitrust.org

1757 births
1821 deaths
People from Newcastle upon Tyne
English art historians
English art dealers


Monohon was a town located on the east side of Lake Sammamish (then known as Lake Squak), near the present-day intersection of East Lake Sammamish Parkway and  SE 33rd Street in the city of Sammamish.  The community was originally part of a town named Donnelly, founded by Simon Donelly who built a sawmill there, but then grew big enough and was far enough away from Donelly that residents created a separate town, Monohon, in 1888. The new town was named after Martin Monohon who had homesteaded  there in 1877. The railroad along the east side of the lake was completed in 1889, and the Donnelly mill was moved to the site of Monohon.

By 1900, there were twenty homes in Monohon, and the lumber mill was updated with the latest machinery. The mill also completed a new water system for the community. This brought both new wealth and new settlers to the community, and by 1911, the town's population had reached over 300.  A 20-room hotel was built overlooking the lake, along with a church and a community meeting hall. The dock was used to ship lumber and dairy products on the lake.

During the height of the prohibition era, the town was raided by King County Sheriff officers  looking for bootleggers. 50 gallons of moonshine  whiskey were reportedly confiscated.

In 1925, the town was largely destroyed by a fire, with only about 10 homes surviving. The mill was rebuilt, but the town never recovered, and all but disappeared when the Great Depression hit in 1929.  The sawmill continued to operate for many years after, but was repeatedly burned and rebuilt.  The mill finally closed permanently in 1980.

References

History of King County, Washington
Ghost towns in King County, Washington
Ghost towns in Washington (state)


Clare Elizabeth Gough (born 7 September 1982) is an English former cricketer who played as a right-arm bowler and right-handed batter. She appeared in three One Day Internationals for England in August 2001, making her debut against Scotland. She played domestic cricket for West Midlands and Staffordshire.

References

External links

Living people
1982 births
Cricketers from Wolverhampton
English women cricketers
England women One Day International cricketers
Staffordshire women cricketers
West Midlands women cricketers


Nicole Gale Anderson (born August 29, 1990) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Heather Chandler on The CW series Beauty & the Beast. She is also known for her roles as Macy Misa in the Disney Channel series Jonas and as Kelly Parker and Miranda Collins respectively on the ABC Family shows Make It or Break It and Ravenswood.

Early life
Anderson was born in Rochester, Indiana. Her father is an American who served as a Commander in the United States Navy, and her mother is of Filipino ethnicity. As a child, she won national gymnastics competitions, but retired due to injuries. Anderson was awarded a scholarship to Georgia's Barbizon Modeling and Acting School at age 13. She then began to study acting and attending auditions. She landed several print ads and television commercials, including Mary-Kate & Ashley Online Clothing, Every Girl, Stand Up, and Bratz Pretty 'n' Punk & Treasures.

Career
She auditioned for the role of Stella in the television series Jonas, but actress Chelsea Kane ended up winning the role. After the series plot changed, producers decided to create a best friend for Stella and offered Anderson the role of Macy.

Anderson was added to the cast of the television series Beauty & the Beast in March 2012, playing the recurring role of Heather Chandler, Catherine's (Kristin Kreuk) younger sister. In May 2013, it was announced that Anderson had joined Ravenswood, a Pretty Little Liars spin-off, as Miranda Collins, a foster kid, who relies on her wits to cover her emotional scars. Prior to appearing in Ravenswood, Anderson appeared in the Pretty Little Liars episode "Grave New World", introducing her character, Miranda Collins. After the cancellation of Ravenswood, Anderson returned for the third season of Beauty & the Beast as a regular cast member.

Philanthropy
Anderson served as the first international spokesperson for Underwriters Laboratories Youth Safety Smart program and has participated in Disney's Friends for Change.

Personal life
In January 2018, Anderson married Roberto Paniagua. They have a daughter born July 2020.

Filmography

Film

Television

Music videos

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Indiana
Female models from Indiana
American child actresses
American film actresses
American television actresses
American actresses of Filipino descent
People from Rochester, Indiana
Gymnasts from Indiana


Lee Sang-Duk  (Hangul: 이상덕; born 5 November 1986) is a South Korean football centre back.

Club career
Lee was selected by the Daegu FC in the fifth round of the 2009 K-League Draft on 20 November 2009. Lee made his K-League debut on 8 March 2009 in a match against Seongnam Ilhwa. He scored his first career K-league goal against Pohang Steelers in a 2–2 draw on 22 March 2009. He went on to score three goals in just seven games during the season.

It was announced in August 2011 that Lee would not be able to play in the all football league system in South Korea until August 2014, on a charge of being implicated in the 2011 South Korean football betting scandal.

International career
Lee received his first call up to the South Korea squad for the friendly against Turkey on 10 February 2011, but he did not play in the game.

Club career statistics
as of 25 July 2011

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Men's association football defenders
South Korean men's footballers
Daegu FC players
K League 1 players
Dong-a University alumni


The Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist is an award presented annually at the Kerala State Film Awards of India to the best dubbing in Malayalam film industry. Ideally, there is a male and female winner for the award. Until 1997, the awards were managed directly by the Department of Cultural Affairs of the Government of Kerala. Since 1998, the awards have been controlled by the Kerala State Chalachitra Academy, an autonomous, non-profit institution functioning under the Department of Cultural Affairs. The winners (male and female) receives a certificate, statuette and a cash prize of ₹50,000 each.

Superlatives

Consecutive wins

Winners

References

External links
Official website
PRD, Govt. of Kerala: Awardees List

Kerala State Film Awards
Voice acting awards


Lee Hyun-Chang (; born 2 November 1985) is a South Korean football midfielder who currently plays for Chungju Hummel in the K League Challenge.

Club career
Lee joined Daegu FC from Yeungnam University in time to feature in the 2009 K-League season.  One of the more successful players of the 2009 intake, Lee played in the majority of the 2009 season matches, scoring one goal in the league, plus another in the FA Cup (against Suwon City FC).

Career statistics

External links

1985 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
South Korean men's footballers
Daegu FC players
Gangneung Citizen FC players
Goyang Zaicro FC players
Chungju Hummel FC players
K League 1 players
Korea National League players
K League 2 players
Yeungnam University alumni


A total lunar eclipse took place on Tuesday, July 6, 1982, the second of three total lunar eclipses in 1982, and the only one that was in the descending node. A dramatic total eclipse lasting 1 hour and 46 minutes plunged the full Moon into deep darkness, as it passed right through the centre of the Earth's umbral shadow. While the visual effect of a total eclipse is variable, the Moon may have been stained a deep orange or red colour at maximum eclipse. This was a great spectacle for everyone who saw it. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 56 minutes in total.

The moon passed through the center of the Earth's shadow.

Visibility
It was seen completely over North and South America, seen rising over Australia, and setting over Western Africa.

Related eclipses

Eclipses in 1982
 A total lunar eclipse on January 9.
 A partial solar eclipse on January 25.
 A partial solar eclipse on June 21.
 A total lunar eclipse on July 6.
 A partial solar eclipse on July 20.
 A partial solar eclipse on December 15.
 A total lunar eclipse on December 30.
There are seven eclipses in 1982, the maximum possible, including 4 partial solar eclipses: January 25, July 20, June 21, and December 15.

Lunar year series

Saros series

It last occurred on June 25, 1964 and will next occur on July 16, 2000.

This is the 36th member of Lunar Saros 129. The previous event was the June 1964 lunar eclipse. The next event is the July 2000 lunar eclipse. Lunar Saros 129 contains 11 total lunar eclipses between 1910 and 2090. Solar Saros 136 interleaves with this lunar saros with an event occurring every 9 years 5 days alternating between each saros series.

Inex series

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of Solar Saros 136.

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links
 NASA: Lunar Eclipses: Past and Future

 Index to Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses, -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE)
 Eclipses: 1901 to 2000
 Total Lunar Eclipse of 1982 July 06 Photo Gallery
 Photo mideclipse
 Vulcan Eclipse End of Totality July 6, 1982, by Jerry Lodriguss

References
 Bao-Lin Liu, Canon of Lunar Eclipses 1500 B.C.-A.D. 3000, 1992

1982-07
1982-07
1982 in science
July 1982 events


Petitcodiac Regional School is a combined primary and secondary public school located in Three Rivers, New Brunswick, Canada.

It was originally built in 1951 and presently houses approximately 700 students from Kindergarten through grade 12 with a staff of approximately 48 teachers. The school contains three unique and separate areas housing the elementary school, the middle school and the high school with a common gymnasium, art room, music room, technology lab, wood shop, mechanics garage, and cafeteria.

Grades Kindergarten-5 is elementary, 6-8 is middle school, and 9-12 is high school.

See also
 Anglophone East School District

Reference List

External links
 Official School Website
 Anglophone East School District Website

Elementary schools in New Brunswick
Middle schools in New Brunswick
English-language high schools in New Brunswick
Schools in Westmorland County, New Brunswick


Jane Mary Gough (born 4 September 1943) is an English former cricketer who played as a right-handed batter. She appeared in one One Day International for England, against Young England in the 1973 Women's Cricket World Cup. She scored 33 before being run out. She played domestic cricket for West of England.

References

External links

1943 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Twickenham
English women cricketers
England women One Day International cricketers
West women cricketers


Metro is a Polish musical with music by Janusz Stokłosa and lyrics by Agata and Maryna Miklaszewska. Choreographed and directed by Janusz Józefowicz, the musical was funded and initially produced by Wiktor Kubiak. The play, initially staged on January 31, 1991 in Warsaw's Dramatic Theatre, turned out to be a major success in Poland and is notable for a large number of young artists who started their career in its crew. Among those who rose to fame were: Edyta Górniak, Katarzyna Groniec, Robert Janowski, Michał Milowicz, Grzegorz Kowalczyk and Natasza Urbańska.

In 1992 the musical opened on Broadway at the Minskoff Theatre, but soon closed due to unfavorable reviews. In 1997, the musical moved to Studio Buffo theatre in Warsaw, where it is still running in simplified arrangement after more than 2,100 performances in total. According to estimates, it was watched by approx. 2 million viewers.

Plot

The storyline focuses on a group of youngsters who decided to live in the subway tunnels for various reasons. Everyone of them brings his own history and dreams. Teenagers take part in a casting to a theatre, but they do not succeed and because of that decide to organize their own musical on the subway station. After success of underground show, they get a job offer from the theater which previously rejected them. A dilemma whether to go for money or for dreams appears.

Scenes
Synopsis of scenes and musical compositions from Broadway edition.

 Act 1
 Scene 1. A theatre somewhere in Europe: Philip, Jan and The Company.
 “Overture” – orchestra.
 Scene 2. A Metro somewhere in Europe.
 “Metro” () – Jan and The Company.
 Scene 3. The Theatre: Klaus, Denisa, Alicja, Duda, Wojtek, Jaga, Basia, Monika, Magda, Max, Philip, Anka and The Company.
 “My Fairy Tale” () – singers: Basia, Alicja, Denisa; dancers: Iwona, Lidia, Violetta.
 Scene 4. The Metro: Jan, Anka.
 “But Not Me” () – Jan and The Company.
 Scene 5. The Theatre: Max, Philip, Anka and The Company.
 “Windows” () – Anka; dancer: Iwona.
 Scene 6. The Metro: Jan, Anka.
 Scene 7. Audition results: Edyta, Piotr, Alicja, Denisa, Monika, Duda, Jaga, Magda, Anka.
 “That's Life” () – Edyta, Anka, Polina.
 “Bluezwis” () – Jan, Wojtek and The Company.
 “Love Duet” () – Anka and Jan.
 Scene 8.
 “Tower of Babel” () – company.
 Act 2
 Scene 1.
 “Labels” () – The Company.
 Scene 2. Philip's Office: Philip, Max.
 Scene 3. Abandoned subway station: Anka, Jan, Edyta, Duda, Jaga, Klaus, Alicja, Basia, Wojtek, Duda.
 “Uciekali” – Jan and The Company.
 Scene 4. The Metro: Jan, Anka, Philip.
 Scene 5. The Metro.
 “Waiting” () – Edyta, Anka and Dancers.
 Scene 6. The Metro: Anka, Jan, Max, Philip.
 Scene 7.
 “Pieniedze” () – The Company.
 Scene 8. The Metro: Edyta, Denisa, Jan, Wojtek, Duda, Basia, Magda, Piotr, Alicja, Grzegorz, Monika, Jaga
 “Love Duet II” () – Anka and Jan.
 Scene 9. The Metro.
 “Dreams Don't Die” () – Anka.

Production history

Metro was first staged on January 31, 1991 in . Choreographed and directed by Janusz Józefowicz, the musical was funded and initially produced by Wiktor Kubiak.

In 1997, the musical moved to Studio Buffo theatre in Warsaw, where it is still running in simplified arrangement after more than 2,100 performances in total. According to estimates, it was watched by approx. 2 million viewers.

Broadway
The musical opened on Broadway at the Minskoff Theatre on April 16, 1992, and closed on April 26, 1992, after 13 performances and 24 previews.  The lyrics were translated by Mary Bracken Phillips and the director and choreographer was Janusz Józefowicz. Although it was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Original Score, it received mixed reviews and soon closed. The 1998 production in Moscow, Russia, proved to be a success and the musical is still occasionally staged both in Poland and in Russia.

References

External links
Internet Broadway Database listing

1991 musicals
Broadway musicals
Polish musicals
Musicals set in Europe


Glan Conwy Football Club are a Welsh football club playing in the North Wales Coast East Football League Division One. They are a member of the North Wales Coast Football Association.

History
Glan Conwy joined the newly formed Vale of Conwy League in 1922 as one of the seven founder members, the others being Dolgarrog, Llandudno Junction Reserves, Llanrwst Reserves, Old Colwyn FC, Penmaen Celts, and Penmaenmawr Reserves.

The club nickname was the "Jolly Boys" and they played at the former Gala Field.  They remained playing in this league until the end of the 1938–39 season and the outbreak of the Second World War.  After the end of the war in 1945 there is no record of the club reforming.

Brian Thomas and Dewi Williams of Glan Conwy reformed the club in 1979 and the following year the team re-joined the Vale of Conwy League. Without a home pitch, they played their home games at different venues such as the Llandudno Oval, Hotpoint, Quinton Hazell and Junction Flyover.   They remained in the Vale of Conwy League for a further eighteen years.  They won the league championship as well as the North Wales Coast FA Junior Cup in 1998 and were promoted to the Gwynedd League.  They stayed in this league for just the one season at the end of which they were crowned league champions and were promoted to the Welsh Alliance League.   The club reached the final of the FAW Trophy in 2007 but lost heavily to Brymbo. The club had a successful 2009–10 season reaching the final of the FAW Welsh Trophy and pipping local arch rivals Llandudno Junction FC to a second-place finish in the league. They beat South Wales outfit Clydach Wasps 5–1 in the FAW Trophy final to take the cup home to Cae Ffwt.

The home ground is Cae Ffwt, a ground in the village of Glan Conwy which is situated on the banks of the River Conwy.  The club's colours changed almost annually depending on shirt sponsorship but in 1997 the club adopted green and white stripes, which has now become green and white hoops.

Honours

Leagues
Welsh Alliance League – Runners-up: 2007–08
Welsh Alliance League Division Two – Champions: 2018–19
Gwynedd League – Champions: 1998–99
Vale of Conwy Football League – Winners: 1997–98
Vale of Conwy Football League – Runners-up: 1932–33
Vale of Conwy Football League Division Two (Section B) – Champions: 1981–82
Clwyd Football League Division Two – Champions: 2006–07 (reserves)

Cups
FAW Welsh Trophy – Winners: 2009–10
FAW Welsh Trophy – Runners-up: 2006–07
North Wales Coast FA Junior Challenge Cup – Winners: 1997–98
NWCFA Youth Cup – Winners: 2007–08
Barritt Cup – Runners-up: 1998–99
Cookson Cup – Runners-up: 2008–09
Eryri Shield – Winners: 1998–99
Frank Tyldesley Cup – Winners: 1996–97
Jack Owen Cup – Runners-up: 1923–24
John Hughes Challenge Cup – Winners: 1991–92, 1997–98
Quinton Hazel Trophy – Winners: 1996–97
Ron Jones Cup – Winners: 1989–90, 2007–08

References

Llansanffraid Glan Conwy
Sport in Conwy County Borough
1979 establishments in Wales
Football clubs in Wales
Welsh Alliance League clubs
Gwynedd League clubs
North Wales Coast Football League clubs
Vale of Conwy Football League clubs


Rosalind M Heggs (born 1952) is an English former cricketer who played as an all-rounder. She was a right-handed batter and right-arm off break bowler. She played for Young England in the 1973 Women's Cricket World Cup and the full England side in the 1978 Women's Cricket World Cup. She took 16 wickets at an average of 15.43 and scored 56 runs with a high score of 18 in her nine One Day Internationals. She played domestic cricket for Middlesex.

References

External links

1952 births
Date of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Skegness
English women cricketers
England women One Day International cricketers
Young England women cricketers
Middlesex women cricketers
Cricketers from Lincolnshire


Yours Truly, the Commuter is the debut solo studio album by American indie rock musician Jason Lytle. It was released on May 19, 2009, by ANTI-.

Reception

Yours Truly, the Commuter was generally well received by critics. AllMusic called it "a gorgeously atmospheric record, a panorama of lush California landscapes filtered through the lonely lens of winter air and rural, mountainous terrain. There's a familiar mix of electronics and acoustic instruments here, but they're linked together more discreetly than before", calling it "more cohesive than many of those past [Grandaddy] albums". Pitchfork wrote: "Yours Truly, the Commuter sounds an awful lot like a Grandaddy album – not just another Grandaddy album, though, but a really good one, the best since Sumday."

Less favourable was The A.V. Club, writing: "Lytle settles for repetitive mood-setters that merely re-shuffle the elements he's been working with for more than a decade now, with no discernible progress or mastery."

Track listing

Credits

 Jason Lytle – all instruments, production, mixing, recording, engineering, sleeve artwork

 Additional personnel

 Ariana Murray – additional vocals on "I Am Lost"

 Technical

 Thom Monahan – mixing
 Mark Chalecki – mastering
 Jen Murse – sleeve design

Charts

References

External links
 Yours Truly, the Commuter on ANTI- Records' official website

2009 debut albums
Jason Lytle albums
Anti- (record label) albums


Adam Buck (1759–1833) was an Irish neo-classical portraitist and miniature painter and engraver (as was his brother Frederick) principally active in London.

Life
Buck was born in Castle Street, Cork. Becoming an accomplished miniaturist in the 1780s while still in Ireland, he made a permanent move to London in 1795 – his residences there included 174 Piccadilly (1795–8), Frith Street, Soho (1799–1802) and Bentinck Street (1813–20). His patrons included Angelica Catalani (an opera singer), JP Kemble, Sir Francis Burdett, Thomas Hope, George IV, the duke of York and his mistress Mary Anne Clarke. A major influence on Regency culture (producing plates of contemporary costume as well as genre pictures of family and classical scenes and illustrations for Laurence Sterne's Sentimental Journey), he was himself much influenced by the Greek Revival (the furniture, vases - which he collected -, sculptures, costumes and even hairstyles in his works are all ancient Greek). He also acted as a painting teacher, as well as exhibiting more than 170 miniatures and small full-length portraits at the Royal Academy between 1795 and 1833. He died at 15 Upper Seymour Street, London.

Works
Proposals for publishing by subscription 100 engravings from paintings on Greek vases which have never been published, drawn and etched by Adam Buck from private collections now in England, dedicated to the earl of Carlisle (1811) – intended as a continuation of Sir William Hamilton's Collection of Engravings from Ancient Vases … (1791–7)

References

External links
Portrait of a woman and child by Buck
 Portraits of the Miss Sneyds, 1790

1759 births
1833 deaths
18th-century Irish painters
19th-century Irish painters
Irish male painters
Irish portrait painters
Irish engravers
Artists from Cork (city)
Neoclassical painters
Portrait miniaturists
Irish emigrants to Kingdom of Great Britain
19th-century Irish male artists


Susan Hilliam (born 1941) is an English former cricketer who played as a bowler. She appeared in four One Day Internationals for England in the 1973 Women's Cricket World Cup. She took six wickets at 12.66 with a best performance of three wickets for six runs as England won the tournament. She played domestic cricket for Yorkshire.

References

External links

1941 births
Date of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Yorkshire
English women cricketers
England women One Day International cricketers
Yorkshire women cricketers


A total lunar eclipse will take place on November 18, 2040. The southern limb of the Moon will pass through the center of the Earth's shadow.

This eclipse is a part of Saros cycle 136, and the second of the series that passes through the center of the Earth's shadow. The first central eclipse of this series took place on November 8, 2022.

Visibility
It will be completely visible over Central Asia, Africa, and Europe, seen as rising over Western Africa, and South America, and setting over Australia.

Related lunar eclipses

Lunar year series (354 days)

Saros series
This eclipse is a part of Saros cycle 136, and the second of the series that passes through the center of the Earth's shadow. The first central eclipse of this series will take place on 8 November 2022. The next occurrence will happen on 30 November 2058.

Metonic series
 First eclipse: November 20, 2002.
 Second eclipse: November 19, 2021.
 Third eclipse: November 18, 2040.
 Fourth eclipse: November 19, 2059.
 Fifth eclipse: November 19, 2078.

Tzolkinex
 Preceded: Lunar eclipse of October 8, 2033
 Followed: Lunar eclipse of January 1, 2048

See also
List of lunar eclipses and List of 21st-century lunar eclipses

External links
Saros series 136

2040-11
2040-11
2040-11
2040 in science


A total lunar eclipse will take place on July 7, 2047. It will last 1 hour 40 minutes and 49 seconds and will plunge the full Moon into deep darkness, as it passes right through the centre of the Earth's umbral shadow. While the visual effect of a total eclipse is variable, the Moon may be stained a deep orange or red colour at maximum eclipse. This will be a great spectacle for everyone who sees it. The partial eclipse will last for 3 hours and 39 minutes in total.

The moon will pass through the center of the Earth's shadow. Totality will last 100 minutes 49 seconds, the second longest for this Saros series.

Visibility
It will be completely visible over most of the Pacific Ocean, seen rising over Australia and Eastern Asia, and setting over North and South America.

Related lunar eclipses

Lunar year series

Saros series

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of Solar Saros 137.

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 21st-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

2047-07
2047-07
2047-07
2047 in science


Nicola Holt is an English former cricketer who played as a bowler. She appeared in two One Day Internationals for England against New Zealand in June 1996. She played domestic cricket for Yorkshire.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
English women cricketers
England women One Day International cricketers
Yorkshire women cricketers


Tai Lam Tunnel Bus Interchange () is a major bus interchange near Kam Tin, Hong Kong. It is at the northern exit of Tai Lam Tunnel, near Kam Sheung Road station.

Bus stations in Hong Kong
Kam Tin
Transport interchange in Hong Kong


The 1949 Chicago Hornets season was their fourth and final season in the All-America Football Conference. The team improved on their previous output of 1-13, winning four games. Despite the improvement, they failed to qualify for the playoffs and the team folded with the league.

Exhibition games

Schedule

Division standings

References

Chicago Rockets seasons
Chicago Hornets


Laura Michelle Joyce (born 4 October 1983) is an English former cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper and right-handed batter. She appeared in three One Day Internationals for England in August 2001, making her debut against Scotland. She batted twice, making 27 runs, and took one catch. She played county cricket for Middlesex from 1998 to 2000 and Surrey from 2002 to 2008. She had a brief stint with Western Australia in the 2006–07 Women's National Cricket League.

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Sportspeople from the London Borough of Islington
English women cricketers
England women One Day International cricketers
Middlesex women cricketers
Surrey women cricketers
Western Australia women cricketers
Wicket-keepers
Cricketers from Greater London


is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Miyuki Kitagawa. It was serialized in Shōjo Comic.

Manga
Shogakukan published the manga's 13 bound volumes between 25 March 1996 and 22 July 1999. Shogakukan re-released the manga in 6 bunkobons between 26 June 2002 and 26 November 2002.

The series is licensed in Spain by Editorial Ivrea.

Live-action drama

The manga was adapted into a 17 episode Taiwanese drama titled () starring Ariel Lin, Wu Chun of Fahrenheit and Simon Yam. It was produced by Comic Productions (可米製作股份有限公司) and directed by Mingtai Wang (王明台). It was broadcast on cable TV Gala Television (GTV) Variety Show/CH 28 (八大綜合台) on 6 June 2006 to 23 September 2006.

References

External links

1999 comics endings
Manga adapted into television series
Shōjo manga
Romance anime and manga
Shogakukan manga


The Riding Club Crime is the 172nd volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series of books.  It was released in 2003.

Plot summary
Nancy, George and Elsa are enjoying a horse ride, when Nancy's horse falls into a hole while attempting a four-foot jump over a post-and-rail.

Elsa is a counselor at Green Spring Pony Club summer camp, which has been vandalised by unknown persons. The owner, Mrs Rogers, is getting worried.  Nancy, disguised as a counselor, tries to figure out who the culprit is. As more incidents happen, the more Nancy realizes she has to work quickly. Will Nancy and her friends be able to keep the Green Spring Farm going?

References

Nancy Drew books
2003 American novels
2003 children's books
Pony books
Children's books set in summer camps


The Korniakt Palace (, ) on Market Square in Lviv is a prime example of the royal kamienica, or townhouse. The fabric of the palace is of various dates. It was originally built by Polish architect Piotr Barbon for merchant Konstanty Korniakt, a champion of Greek Orthodoxy and co-founder of the Lviv Dormition Brotherhood. Construction of this severely elegant Renaissance palazzo was completed in 1580.

After Korniakt's death in 1603, King Władysław IV Vasa stayed at his palace. He got smallpox and recovered here. In 1640, the edifice was purchased by Jakub Sobieski and was later inherited by his son, King John III Sobieski. The Polish-Lithuanian ruler remodelled it into a palatial residence, with spacious rooms and an audience hall where he signed the Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686.

In 1908, the Sobieski Palace became home to the Jan III museum. It is now part of the Lviv History Museum. The royal chambers are used for exhibiting Rococo furniture and clocks, a collection of medallions, and precious silverware.

See also
Constantine Corniaktos

References

 Вуйцик В. С., Липка Р. М. Зустріч зі Львовом. Львів: Каменяр, 1987. С. 50.
 Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР. Киев: Будивельник, 1983–1986. Том 3, с. 42.

Historic house museums in Ukraine
Houses completed in 1580
Museums in Lviv
Palaces in Ukraine
Residences of Polish monarchs
Royal residences in Ukraine
16th century in Ukraine

1580s establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Renaissance architecture in Ukraine


Active Space Technologies is a Portuguese company, with main offices in Portugal, headquartered in Coimbra, which offers products and services in the fields of thermo-mechanical engineering (thermal and structural analysis, design, manufacturing and testing) and electronics engineering (embedded systems and digital control), as well as providing management support services for technology transfer and development projects (project management, systems engineering and project coordination). The company operates in the global markets of aerospace, defence, automotive and nuclear fusion, and also in scientific sectors. In addition to its offices in Coimbra and Lisbon, it has others in Southampton (United Kingdom) and Noordwijk (The Netherlands).

Milestones
 In August 2015, Active Space Technologies made equipment for NASA.
 In October 2008, Bruno Carvalho, CEO of Active Space Technologies, was awarded the 2nd edition of Young Professionals Entrepreneurship Prize while he attended the International Astronautical Congress (IAC) in Glasgow.
 In July 2008, Active Space Technologies become a member of AFIA, the Portuguese Association of Automotive Suppliers.
 In November 2007, Active Space Technologies opened, through a joint venture with local entrepreneurs, its German associate company (Active Space Technologies GmbH).
 In June 2007, Active Space Technologies was given the “Young Entrepreneur of the Year” award by the Portuguese National Association of Young Entrepreneurs (ANJE).
 In March 2007, Active Space Technologies agreed to provide 6 engineer-months of structural engineering support to the Mars Gravity Biosatellite, a project jointly run by MIT and Georgia Tech.
 In November 2006, Active Space Technologies was granted a contract to provide expertise to nuclear fusion project ITER.
 In May 2006, following its expansion strategy, Active Space Technologies moved into a new office in the Instituto Pedro Nunes (IPN), University of Coimbra's business incubator and technology transfer centre.

References

External links
 Official website

Portuguese brands
Portuguese companies established in 2004
Engineering companies of Portugal
Technology companies established in 2004
Organisations based in Coimbra


Much More or Muchmore may refer to:

 Much More (album), a 1990 album by Carola Häggkvist
 "Much More", a number from the 1960 musical The Fantasticks
 "Much More", a song by Whigfield from the 2000 album Whigfield III
 "Much More", a song by De La Soul first released on the 2003 "Shoomp/Much More" single
 MuchMore, a Canadian TV channel later known as M3
 Marie Muchmore (1909–1990), U.S. witness to the assassination of JFK
 Muchmore Valley, a valley in Antarctica
 Robert Muchmore, Australian former professional rugby league footballer

See also
 Much (disambiguation)
 More (disambiguation)


Ardoise  is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipal District of West Hants .  Ardoise  had a small gold mining industry from 1887 to 1904, and was named after its slate bedrock [ Ardoise  means "slate" in french ].

References

 Ardoise on Destination Nova Scotia
Ardoise on "Not Your Grandfather's Mining Industry"

Communities in Hants County, Nova Scotia


The principle of command and obedience in the Bundeswehr (), along with the concept of "citizens in uniform" (), was central to the 1953 idea of "leadership development and civic education" (official translation of  ). The revised definition of military orders and obedience, as well as superior–subordinate relations by the former "Amt Blank" (Blank Agency, predecessor of the Federal Ministry of Defence), was a 1950s result of Nazi German excesses. Central aims were the reduction of power to command by superiors and a shared responsibility for obedience by subordinates.

Military orders
A military order is defined in § 2 (2) of the German military penal law (, WStG) as an:
 instruction for a defined behavior (Anweisung zu einem bestimmten Verhalten)
 given by a military superior to his subordinate
 in written, oral or other form (for example, signals or signs)
 generally, or in a single case
 with claim of obedience (Anspruch auf Gehorsam).

An instruction might be a military order, if a soldier was a defined military superior by the Ministerial Directive Governing Superior-Subordinate Relations (). If an order was given by someone not a military superior, it would be juridically called a "military non-order" (without claim of obedience). Fundamentally, a superior is responsible for his orders and obligated to implement his instructions. He may only give orders concerning official aims and respecting international and national laws and the general directives issued by the Ministry. He is fundamentally responsible for the consequences of his orders. Whenever possible, military orders should include a description of the task and its aim. This is known as Auftragstaktik, and would enable subordinates to act to achieve the order's aim in changed circumstances.

Superior–subordinate relations
The command relationships in the Bundeswehr are defined in the Ministerial Directive Governing Superior–Subordinate Relations (official translation of , abbreviated Vorgesetztenverordnung (VorgV)). These service regulations were decreed March 19, 1956, shortly before the first soldiers joined the newly founded Bundeswehr, and went into effect June 7, 1956. They were modified by decree October 7, 1981. The Vorgesetztenverordnung applies only to Bundeswehr soldiers and does not apply to civilian personnel of the Bundeswehr. Superior–subordinate relations of civilian Bundeswehr members (as well as military–civilian or civilian–military superior–subordinate relations) are defined by other regulations and ordinances. The content of the Vorgesetztenverordnung is one of the first things that recruits are required to learn.

Superior positions
§§ 1-3 VorgV concern the assignment of a superior. It is possible for a soldier to be superior to another in several ways. The following types of superiors are defined:

Not mentioned in the Vorgesetztenverordnung, but recognized in practice (if rare), is "superiorship by consent of the subordinates": If no other superior is on site and either the situation is not an emergency, or none of those involved is at least an NCO (hence cannot use § 6), then the soldier with the highest rank on site or one of them if several can command if the others don't object. (An example for this would be a group of privates off duty who, for the fun of it and perhaps for training, get the idea to march in formation to the canteen rather than simply go to it; as a march in formation needs a leader, to do so one of them must take step in as leader to march them there.)

Contradictory orders
If a subordinate receives an order contrary to an already-received order (or one which defers substantially the achievement of its aim), he must inform the superior who gave the second order of this. On the basis of this knowledge, the second superior would have (due to his order) responsibility to verify the given order and decide whether or not the subordinate had to obey his order (instead of the first received order). The subordinate must obey the last given order, if the second one is not canceled; this is necessary because the second superior may have new information about a changed situation. If a subordinate has not been able to execute the first order (or to attain the expected aim) because of the second order, he must inform the first superior as soon as possible. The subordinate is immune from punishment by him, because the second superior is responsible for his order.

Prioritization (in opposing superior relationships)
It may be possible for two soldiers to be superior to each other due to differing paragraphs of the Vorgesetztenverordnung. For such situations the following prioritization of relationship importance is defined:
 Superior by § 5 VorgV > § 3 VorgV > § 1 VorgV > § 2 VorgV > § 4 VorgV

§ 6 VorgV is excluded because a commissioned officer (or NCO) could only declare himself superior if there was no superior to him at the scene.

Obedience and disobedience

Duty of obedience
Above all, subordinates must obey their superiors and must inform superiors of non-executed orders or unreached aims. Subordinates must execute military orders:
 with their best effort
 completely and
 immediately.

Although a superior must verify his orders, the recipient must also do so. First he would have to verify whether an instruction was given by a defined military superior according to the Vorgesetztenverordnung. If not, it would not be a military order with claim to obedience. If he executed this "military non-order", he would be responsible for possible consequences. If the instruction is given by a military superior, he must verify whether he must obey, may obey, or must refuse to obey. Generally he has to obey. He may but need not obey if the order has obviously no legitimate aim (e. g. "clean my boots" in usual situations), violates the soldier's own human dignity (e. g. "run into the city and shout that you are a fool"), or is unconscionable (e. g. obliges the soldier to spend amounts of his own money above limits mentioned in directives). He must not obey if the order violates others' human dignity, international law or consists of a crime (including a misdemeanor). Otherwise, subordinates are guilty of their deeds if their criminal character was obvious to them. Obviously unavoidable errors may remain unpunished.

Apart from that, it is not the soldier's job to investigate the entire legitimacy of the order; e. g. whether the not obviously lacking official aim actually existed, or whether non-penal laws or directives of the Ministry were complied with. In particular, a soldier must obey to commit a contravention. In these cases, the commanding superior has the entire responsibility for the act. It might, though, be comradely to bring an error to the superior's attention, and the soldier is not to be punished for doing so.

Penalties for disobedience and insubordination
Punishment for disobedience is regulated in the Wehrstrafgesetz (military penal law). Germany does not have any military courts; civilian courts have jurisdiction over military law. Subordinates who do not execute military orders with claim to obedience may be punished with imprisonment up to three years (in cases with "severe consequences" up to five years). "Severe consequences" means that the result of the disobedience either would have grave consequences for the security of Germany or for the combat worthiness of the forces, or that it caused death or severe bodily harm to another person. Insubordination is the oral or physical revolt against military orders or the denial (in spite of repetition) of an order, and may be punished with imprisonment up to three years. In case of an initial revolt against a military order, a court could withhold sentencing if the subordinate executed the order voluntarily and in time afterwards. If subordinates avoided executing orders frivolously, they could also be sentenced to imprisonment up to two years in cases of severe consequences.

See also
 German military law

References

German military law
Bundeswehr

de:Militärischer Befehl#Befehl und Gehorsam


Special Forces is the second studio album released by American rapper Big Ed the Assassin. It was released under his new stage name Big Ed the Assassin on May 9, 2000, and it was the very first release through Big Ed's label, Special Forces Records. The album made it to #25 on Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums.

Reception
There was a music video for the single "Battlefield" which was produced by Les-G. Although not a No Limit Records album, it did feature numerous guest  appearances by his former labelmates and production by No Limit's former production team The Medicine Men (Formally Beats By the Pound). Also featured are beats from bay area producer Les-G. On October 31, 2000, a chopped and screwed version by Swishahouse was released.

Track listing

References

Big Ed the Assassin at AllMusic

2000 albums
Big Ed albums


Vaughan is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipal District of West Hants. The South Canoe Wind Energy Project is proposed for this area.

References

Communities in Hants County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Diplosaurus is an extinct genus of goniopholidid mesoeucrocodylian. Fossils have been found from the Western United States and range from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous in age. The genus was first named and described in a paper written in 1877 by Othniel Charles Marsh.

Discovery and etymology
The generic name, derived from Greek διπλόος, diploos, "double", probably refers to the "biconcave vertebrae" Marsh mentions as a distinctive trait compared to modern forms. The type species is Diplosaurus felix. The species was named on a heavily eroded skull roof and several postcranial elements, including a partial humerus, though the fossils have yet to be properly diagnosed. The fossils had been collected the same year by Benjamin Franklin Mudge and others during a Yale expedition to Morrison, Colorado, one of the first dinosaur-bearing battle grounds of Othniel Marsh’s competition with Edward Drinker Cope. In 1890 Karl Alfred von Zittel recombined this with Goniopholis into a Goniopholis felix, but today this is generally rejected.

Along with D. felix (sometimes misspelled D. felise), a second species of Diplosaurus was constructed in 1877 by Marsh after he recombined Hyposaurus vebbii, named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1874, with Diplosaurus into a new combination, Diplosaurus vebbii. Cope had named the species on a vertebra collected by Kansas railway worker and politician William C. Webb in 1871, though the fossil has since been lost. The fossil was even reported on in the newspaper Harpers Monthly and described as an  long crocodilian. D. nanus was named by Marsh in 1895 based on a right humerus but is now considered to be a nomen dubium. The humerus had been collected by Marsh earlier in 1870 in the older Sundance Formation deposits in the Green River Basin of Utah.

References

Late Jurassic crocodylomorphs of North America
Early Cretaceous crocodylomorphs of North America
Late Jurassic reptiles of North America
Morrison fauna
Early Cretaceous reptiles of North America
Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera


Hannah Jayne Knight (; born 25 August 1979) is a Welsh former cricketer who played as an all-rounder.

Biography
She was a right-handed batter and right-arm medium bowler. She appeared in five One Day Internationals for England. She made her debut against the Netherlands in July 1999 and played her last match against South Africa in August 2003. She also represented England at under-17, under-21 and under-23 levels. She played domestic cricket for West of England from 1996 to 1999 and then for Somerset between 2000 and 2009. She also played for Central Districts in the 2003–04 State League. She is the daughter of the late Glamorgan cricketer Barry Lloyd.

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
Cricketers from Neath
English women cricketers
Welsh women cricketers
England women One Day International cricketers
Central Districts Hinds cricketers
Somerset women cricketers
Somerset women cricket captains
West women cricketers


General Hon. John Chapple Norton (2 April 1746 – 19 March 1818) was a British Army officer who served in the American Revolutionary War and who later became a Member of Parliament for Guildford.

Early life
John Chapple Norton was born on 2 April 1746 to Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley and Grace Chapple.

Military career

He joined the British army, becoming  a captain in the 19th Foot in 1763. After serving with the regiment in Gibraltar he transferred to the Royal Regiment of Foot in 1769, before being appointed a lieutenant-colonel in the 2nd Foot Guards. He served with the Foot Guards in North America during the War of Independence and was involved in several of the actions there, including leading the attack on Young's House.

In 1795 he was rewarded with the colonelcy of the 81st Regiment of Foot and in 1797, he was promoted lieutenant-general and transferred to the colonelcy of the 56th Foot. In 1802 he was made general and soon afterwards Governor of Charlemont, the Irish fort.

Political career

He represented Guildford, Surrey as their Member of Parliament from 1784 to 1790, from 1796 to 1806 and from 1807 to 1812.

Later life and death

He died unmarried at the family seat of Wonersh Park in Surrey in 1818.

References

External links

1746 births
1818 deaths
Younger sons of barons
56th Regiment of Foot officers
81st Regiment of Foot officers
British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War
British Army generals
Green Howards officers
Coldstream Guards officers
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
British MPs 1784–1790
British MPs 1790–1796
British MPs 1796–1800
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
UK MPs 1801–1802
UK MPs 1802–1806
UK MPs 1807–1812


When I Hit the Ground is the second studio album by American rock musician Ace Enders, using the name Ace Enders and a Million Different People. The album was released on 17 March 2009 through Vagrant Records. The album peaked at number 15 on the Top Heatseekers chart and number 44 on the Top Independent Albums chart.

Track listing
 "Reintroduction" – 2:24
 "Take the Money and Run" – 3:24
 "New Guitar" – 1:04
 "The Only Thing I Have (The Sign)" – 3:26
 "When I Hit the Ground" – 4:02
 "Reaction" – 4:02
 "Sweeter Light" – 4:19
 "S.O.S." – 2:55
 "Over This" – 3:33
 "Where Do We Go From Here" – 5:34
 "Emergency" – 4:17
 "Leader" – 4:37
 "Bring Back Love" – 4:28
 "Can't Run Away" – 3:37
 "From a Daze" (B-side) – 3:40

 The title track "When I Hit The Ground" has an acoustic rendition on the album "Dustin' Off the Ol' Guitar" by Ender's band I Can Make A Mess Like Nobody's Business.

References

External links
"When I hit the ground - Independent CD review"  Released  3 April 2009

2009 albums
Ace Enders albums


My Phone was an online service with a companion mobile client application from Microsoft. The service, which launched on October 6, 2009, provided a free mobile phone back-up solution by wirelessly synchronizing contacts, calendar appointments, tasks, text messages, browser favorites, photos, music, video and documents with a password-protected online portal where users could access and manage their information. The service also enabled photo sharing and, in some markets, a set of features for dealing with a lost phone that were sold as a Premium Package requiring a one-time fee. My Phone supported Windows Mobile OS versions 6.0, 6.1 and 6.5 and was available globally in 25 languages. The service used Windows Live ID for authentication and the Windows Live server infrastructure for storing user information. On June 8, 2011, Microsoft announced that My Phone would be discontinued with sync from phones ending on August 7, 2011 and website access to data ending on October 6, 2011. Data (contacts, calendar entries, text messages, and photos) was moved to SkyDrive (which has since been rebranded as OneDrive).

My Phone Beta
Microsoft announced and launched the beta version of My Phone at Mobile World Congress on February 16, 2009. Approximately 200,000 users in 200 countries beta tested the service scalability and features.

My Phone Free Features
The service offered the following free features:

My Phone Premium Feature Package
My Phone offers a set of premium features in the event of a lost phone. These features include:

The premium features are available to users of the free service on an as-needed basis. They are sold as a package requiring a one-time fee of $4.99 in the US. The package is meant to be activated from the My Phone portal after the phone has been lost or stolen as long as the device is turned on and has connectivity. The package includes 7-day access to (3) Ring, (3) Map, (1) Lock, and (1) Erase.

The Premium Package was initially free of charge, to trial; since December 2009 the package is supplied with one free activation to be used at any time.

The Premium Package is available in the United States, Canada, Mexico, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Denmark, Netherlands, Greece, Poland, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Brazil, Australia, Japan, Singapore and Taiwan.

See also
Your Phone

References

External links
 My Phone web portal

Microsoft cloud services
Cloud applications
Windows Mobile
Computer-related introductions in 2009
Products and services discontinued in 2011


"Caress Me Down" is a song by Sublime from their album Sublime. It was never released as a single, but still receives substantial airplay on KROQ and other stations. The bass line of "Caress Me Down" features the famous Sleng Teng riddim from Wayne Smith's 1985 song "Under Me Sleng Teng" and lyrics and melody are primarily from the 1980s 12" single "Caress Me Down" by Clement Irie. The lyrics to the song are in Spanglish (a mixture of Spanish and English) and include a reference to porn actor Ron Jeremy, who also appears prominently in the video for Sublime's first single "Date Rape".

A demo version entitled "Caress Me Dub" can be found on the box set Everything Under the Sun and a live version which predates the version on Sublime which contains incomplete lyrics appears on Stand By Your Van.

The song is featured as downloadable content for the music video game Rocksmith 2014.

Although once a staple of Alternative radio, the song has largely been removed from playlists since the early 2020s, due to the number of sexual assault allegations against Ron Jeremy, who is directly referenced in the opening verse.

Sublime with Rome
Sublime with Rome singer Rome Ramirez considers the song off-limits when performing live because of the lyrics "Mucho gusto, me llamo Bradley" (Nice to meet you, my name is Bradley). Ramirez stated in an interview in 2010 that he didn't "feel comfortable saying my name is Bradley cause I’m not Bradley, nor do I feel comfortable changing it cause that’s a song he wrote."

References

1996 songs
1990s ballads
Rock ballads
Sublime (band) songs
Spanish-language songs
Spanglish songs
Songs written by Bradley Nowell


Patricia Ann "Patsy" Lovell (born 3 May 1954) is an English former cricketer who played as an all-rounder. She was a right-arm off break bowler and right-handed batter. She appeared in 10 One Day Internationals (ODIs) for England, making her debut against Australia in July 1987. She played in all nine of England's matches in the 1988 Women's Cricket World Cup, including the final loss to Australia. Overall, she took eight wickets with a best of three for 15 and scored 41 runs in ODI cricket. Her final WODI appearance was in the final of the 1988 Women's Cricket World Cup. She played domestic cricket for Surrey.

References

External links

1954 births
Living people
Cricketers from Croydon
English women cricketers
England women One Day International cricketers
Surrey women cricketers