The Greenbrier River Watershed Association (GRWA) is one of the oldest watershed associations in the state of West Virginia, founded in 1990. It has supported the creation of other watershed associations throughout the state and maintains a policy of "upstream courtesy" and "downstream courtesy" with its neighbors.

Projects

The GRWA is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that partners with other environmental nonprofits, government organizations, and like-minded groups to promote the values of the watershed in the hopes that the public will understand its unique riparian resources and thus recognize its worth. The Board of the GRWA is composed of cavers, farmers, developers, teachers, and other diverse individuals that unite in their love for the Greenbrier. They work with schools and civic groups to teach classes, organize field trips, and support similar organizations that protect the watershed.

Outreach

Unlike the majority of the watersheds in West Virginia, the GRWA's webpage is centered around the watershed itself, not the organization. It survives on grants and public support (primarily membership donations), to assist the public with issues such as nonpoint source pollution, water quality, water quantity, protection of forests to alleviate pollution, prevention of substandard and/or illegal developments, injection wells, using sinkholes and cave systems for trash disposal, leaking septic tanks, water sampling, straightpipes, and wastewater treatment plant issues. The Clean Water Act of 1972 has enabled the GRWA to help citizens seek legal, effective methods of improving their waters for the benefit of public health.

Riffles is the GRWA newsletter, published on a quarterly basis. Submissions from members are strongly encouraged and nearly a third of its members are out of state. Riffles are the shallow, oxygen-rich rapids of a river, which is as full of diverse life as a coral reef but often taken for granted and overlooked.

Members may join on a family membership ($30), or single ($25) or youth ($10).

Geography

The Greenbrier River Watershed Association currently resides in Lewisburg, West Virginia, at 120 W. Washington Street. The office serves the entirety of the Greenbrier River Watershed. A second watershed, Friends of the Lower Greenbrier River, split off from the GRWA to concentrate on riparian issues in the lower half of the watershed. Both are within the West Virginia Southern Basin, which drains to the New River at Hinton in Summers County. Their primary state assistance and consultation comes from the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection's Southern Basin Coordinator, Jennifer Dupree.

Counties and subwatersheds

Pocahontas County: Birthplace of Rivers

The Greenbrier River begins at Durbin in Pocahontas County, but the watershed is involved with the upper drainage portions above Durbin, which includes places like Blister Swamp. It flows through the center of Pocahontas County, "the Birthplace of Rivers." Pocahontas County is sparsely populated, due to the Monongahela National Forest. This legally designated National Forest supports a great deal of the clean water within the watershed, and water quality degrades once the river flows out of the Forest's territory and into the more populated Greenbrier County. The spring Great Greenbrier River Race in Marlinton and summer's Durbin Days in Durbin draws large crowds every year. Pocahontas County contains much of the Greenbrier River Trail, which is the longest Rail Trail in West Virginia. The first USGS flow gauge station for the watershed is in the town of Buckeye involving Swago Creek.

Greenbrier County: Land of Karst
The eastern half of Greenbrier County where the watershed rests is one of the world's densest karst stratas in the world with, "The Great Savannah" where sinkholes average at 18 km2. Its water is threatened by development and ignorance of karst issues. Despite the fact that its sensitivity is a matter of record, many people claim ignorance of karst and the county government has no existing bond of commitment for its developers that would guarantee a building project will not be affected by the shifting caverns and sinkholes. The western side hosts the new Meadow River Watershed. Greenbrier County is known for its trout waters, farmland, rising development, historic 1812-and Civil War saltpetre caverns and tour caves: Lost World Caverns and Organ Cave, Inc. Many important Ice Age fossil discoveries have been found within the watershed here. Greenbrier County hosts the Riders of the Flood Outdoor Amphitheatre in Ronceverte, the State Fair of West Virginia and the Freshwater Folk Festival at the National Fish Hatchery at White Sulphur Springs, and the GRWA tries to keep its presence at both events for outreach.

Monroe County: Land of Sinks

Monroe County is a rich, agriculturally blessed county with fine apple orchards, wineries, trout water, historic springs, farmland, and saltpeter caves. Since settler times it has been called "the land of sinks" for its many sinkholes. One community is called Sinks Grove because of this terrain. It contains the Second Creek Watershed, which is maintained by Friends of THE Second Creek Watershed. The birthplace of American paleontology began in the late 18th century with the discovery of the Megalonyx Jeffersonii (Thomas Jefferson's Three-toed Sloth) in its Haynes Cave. Haynes Cave is believed to be approximately 2 to 5 million years old. Monroe County has the USGS station on its side of the town of Alderson, West Virginia, where the public gleans much useful data about temperature, pH, flow, and dissolved oxygen. Much work has been launched in efforts to study the karstic hydrology of this county. Recently the entire Second Creek Watershed was designated an historic watershed by the state of West Virginia.

Summers County: Confluence of Rivers

Summers County is the least karstic of all the watershed counties, with only six karstic springs and rockledges outnumbering caves. Summers County is warm, with weather influenced by the New River and many vernal pools and streams feed the lower Greenbrier in the summer. Native American summer settlements grew crops along the long, flat floodplains in areas like Pence Springs. The last USGS station is in the town of Hilldale. The Greenbrier enters the Three Rivers Confluence at Hinton where the waters of the Bluestone River, the New River, and the Greenbrier River mix. Hinton hosts a Water Festival every year. Although the Greenbrier flows into the New River at Hinton, New River biota such as the lamprey cannot travel upstream because of Sandstone Falls, the 30th-largest waterfall in the world. This helps preserve the integrity of the Greenbrier's freshwater species. The National Park Service celebrates the role of the tributaries of the New River at the Sandstone Visitors Center in Sandstone, West Virginia.

Of Note
The Greenbrier provides an estimated 30% of all the water in the New River.

The state's oldest Ginkgo Biloba tree is a 133-year-old specimen planted in Lewisburg's New River Community and Technical College campus.

Railroads
Two of the three Historic Railroads in West Virginia are within the Greenbrier River Watershed: The Cass Scenic Railroad State Park and the Durbin and Greenbrier Valley Railroad. Unused railroad tracks have been restored into a 79-mile Greenbrier River Trail.

Notes

References

 Jennifer Dupree, Southern Basin Coordinator, West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (304)465.1919
 West Virginia Chapter of the Nature Conservancy
 McKinney, Tim. "The Civil War in Greenbrier County, West Virginia"  Quarrier Press, 2004
 Greenbrier River Rail Trail, $14.00 by Melanie Zee Adkins, Rt. 20 Box 70 West Hamlin, WV 25571
 "What is This Thing, Thomas Jefferson?" Unpublished thesis of Marcia Wilson, 2005
 "THE EFFECT OF WELL DRILLING ON KARST AQUIFERS IN MONROE AND GREENBRIER COUNTIES, WEST VIRGINIA" by Natasha Demrovsky Graduate Student, Geology Keywords: Karst, Mineralogy, Hydrogeology, B.A., Geology, University of Akron, 1998 / 320 Crouse Hall / University of Akron / Akron, OH 44325-4101
 Stevens, P.J., 1988, Caves of the Organ Cave Plateau, Greenbrier County, West Virginia: West Virginia Speleological Survey Bulletin 9, 200 p.
 Heller, S., 1980, A hydrogeologic study of the Greenbrier limestone karst of central Greenbrier County, West Virginia; Ph.D. Dissertation, West Virginia University, 167 p.
 Ogden, A.E., 1976, The hydrogeology of the central Monroe County karst, West Virginia; Ph.D. Dissertation, West Virginia University, 263 p.

 The Secret World of Greenbrier Valley: Agricultural Runoff and Water Quality, Robert Bowers, Nov–Dec. 2001, Stormwater Journal: The Journal for Surface Water Quality Professionals
 Topographic Map Stream Features in Pocahontas County
 Topographic Map Stream Features in Greenbrier County
 Topographic Map Stream Features in Monroe County
 Topographic Map Stream Features in Summers County

Non-profit organizations based in West Virginia
Nature conservation organizations based in the United States
Environment of West Virginia
Water organizations in the United States


Robert Chwastek  (born 11 September 1988 in Chorzów) is a Polish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Drama Zbrosławice.

External links

1988 births
Living people
Wisła Płock players
GKS Bełchatów players
Ząbkovia Ząbki players
Ruch Chorzów players
Siarka Tarnobrzeg players
Gryf Wejherowo players
Polonia Bytom players
Ekstraklasa players
III liga players
II liga players
I liga players
Polish men's footballers
Sportspeople from Chorzów
Men's association football midfielders


State Highway 66 (SH 66) is a  long east-west state highway in Boulder and Weld counties in Colorado. The highway extends from the foothills of the Rocky Mountains at a junction with U.S. Route 36 (US 36) and SH 7 southeast of Lyons, proceeding east through the northern edge of Longmont, to Platteville where it ends at US 85. Although a number of western states retain their "state highway 66" as the decommissioned US 66, the "Mother Road" did not run through Colorado, and SH 66 has no connection to the famed Historic Route 66.

Route description
Modern SH 66 begins as a continuation of Ute Highway, southeast of Lyons at a signalized T intersection where US 36 turns south towards Boulder on North Foothills Highway. From here, the route heads eastward along Ute Highway through open grassland, passing several small reservoirs and streams. Near a junction with CR 37, the road passes McCall Reservoir, Independent Reservoir, and Burch Lake before passing by McIntosh Lake. It passes through the northern edge of Longmont, where it meets US 287. Continuing eastward, the land on the side of the road transitions to farmland. After crossing the Boulder/Weld county line, the road heads east in a straight line, crossing Interstate 25 (I-25) at Exit 243 near Mead, continuing on to Plattville which it enters on Justin Avenue, crossing Business US 85 at Main Street before ending at US 85.

History
The route was established in the 1920s, when it began at US 87 (now moved) in Longmont and headed west to Estes Park. The section east of Longmont, which now extends to Platteville, was added in 1939, when the older portion of the route was paved. The rest of the route was paved by 1960. In 1967 when the bonds for the Denver-Boulder Turnpike were paid off, US 36 was extended to Estes Park along SH 66. Gradually the signing of the overlapping segment was reduced to just "US 36", leaving an orphan segment of SH 66 signed within Estes Park. In 2007 this remnant of SH 66 in Estes Park was turned back and it was truncated to its junction with US 36 southeast of Lyons. However, even today mileposts are measured from Estes Park, with the road officially beginning at Milepost 26.89.

Major intersections

References

External links

066
Transportation in Boulder County, Colorado
Transportation in Weld County, Colorado
Longmont, Colorado


Rhombodera boschmai is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Indomalaya.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

Further reading

B
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1957


The National Film and Television Institute (NAFTI) is an educational institution in Accra, Ghana.

History and operations
It was established in 1978 by the Government of Ghana as a public institution of higher education in film and television production. Since its inception, the institute has offered professional and academic education in film and television education, in affiliation with the University of Ghana. It is a full member of the International Association of Film and Television Schools (CILECT).

It was announced in April 2016 that in the next few years, the institute will be converted into a media and creative arts university college.

See also

 Cinema of Africa
 Culture of Ghana
 Education in Ghana
 Film school
 List of schools in Ghana

References

External links

1978 establishments in Ghana
Educational institutions established in 1978
Film schools in Ghana
Education in Accra
Television in Ghana
Television organizations


Nafti may refer to:

Given name
 Abdelkarim Nafti, Tunisian footballer
 Bassem Nafti, Tunisian footballer
 Mehdi Nafti, Tunisian footballer

See also
 National Film and Television Institute

Arabic-language surnames


Rhombodera brachynota is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Indomalaya.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

Further reading

B
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1993


Rhombodera crassa is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Indomalaya.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

Further reading

c
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1912


Major Dell Conway of the Flying Tigers was an early American television program broadcast on the now defunct DuMont Television Network. The series ran from April 7, 1951, to March 2, 1952.

Broadcast history
The show was an action-adventure series originally starring B-movie actor Eric Fleming as Major Dell Conway. Fleming was replaced in July 1951 by Ed Peck. Other actors included Fran Lee (as Ma Wong), Luis Van Rooten, David Anderson, Joe Graham, Harry Kingston, and Bern Hoffman as Caribou Jones. According to Brooks and Marsh (2007), the roles some of these actors portrayed has been lost to time.

Episode titles included "Murder in Paris", "Hostage in Havana", "Port Said", "The Sacred Jewel of Calcutta" and "Mission to Korea".

Major Dell Conway was loosely based on a true story about a pilot who flew with the Flying Tigers in World War II China. The series has been called "an extremely low-budget production". The program was produced by J. Gen Genovese, who had served as a pilot during the war. The program aired on Saturday at 6:30 pm EST on most DuMont affiliates. In May 1951, the series went on hiatus, returning to the air on Sunday afternoons from July 1951 to March 1952. The final episode aired on March 2, 1952.

Episode status

UCLA Film & Television Archive holds 20 episodes of this series.

See also
List of programs broadcast by the DuMont Television Network
List of surviving DuMont Television Network broadcasts

References

Bibliography
David Weinstein, The Forgotten Network: DuMont and the Birth of American Television (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2004)
Alex McNeil, Total Television, Fourth edition (New York: Penguin Books, 1980)
Tim Brooks and Earle Marsh, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network TV Shows, Third edition (New York: Ballantine Books, 1964)

External links

DuMont historical website

DuMont Television Network original programming
1951 American television series debuts
1952 American television series endings
Aviation television series
Black-and-white American television shows
Flying Tigers in fiction


Rhombodera doriana is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Indomalaya.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

Further reading

d
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1931


Rhombodera extensicollis is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Indomalaya.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

Further reading

extensicollis
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1839


Rhombodera extraordinaria is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Indomalaya.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

Further reading

e
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1942


Rhombomantis butleri is a species of mantid in the family Mantidae. It is native to Asia.

References

Further reading

Hierodulinae
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1878


Rhombodera fratricida is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Indomalaya.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

Further reading

F
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1878


Rhombomantis fusca is a species of mantid in the family Mantidae. It is found in Asia.

References

Further reading

Hierodulinae
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1992


Rhombodera handschini is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Timor.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

H
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1933


Rhombodera javana is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in China and the island of Java in Indonesia.

See also
List of mantis genera and species
Mantodea of Asia

References

J
Mantodea of Asia
Insects of Indonesia
Fauna of Java
Insects described in 1912


Rhombodera keiana is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in the Kei Islands of Indonesia.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

K
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1912


Rhombodera kirbyi is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Timor, giving it its common name of the Timor Shield Mantis.

The kirbyi is a large species of mantis with the female reaching up to 10 cm with the male slightly smaller at 8-8.5 cm. It is found in different morphs ranging from a very pale green to a dark brown colour.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

K
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1952


Rhombodera laticollis is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Malaysia and Indonesia.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

L
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1838


Rhombodera latipronotum is a species of praying mantis in the family Mantidae, found in China.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

L
Mantodea of Asia


Rhombodera lingulata is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Asia.

References

Further reading

L
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1877


Rhombodera megaera is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in China and Thailand.

Description
R. megaera is one of the largest species in the genus Rhombodera. The underside of the thorax is red.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

M
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1904


Rhombodera mjobergi is a species of praying mantis of the family Mantidae. It is native to Asia.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

Further reading

M
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1930


Rhombodera morokana is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found on the island of New Guinea.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

M
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1912


Rhombodera ornatipes is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in the Philippines.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

o
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1922


Rhombodera palawanensis is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in the Philippines.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

p
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1966


Rhombodera papuana is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae. It is found on the island of New Guinea.

See also
List of mantis genera and species
Mantodea of Asia
Mantodea of Oceania

References

P
Insects of Papua New Guinea
Endemic fauna of Papua New Guinea
Mantodea of Asia
Mantodea of Oceania
Insects described in 1929


Fresnéu () is one of six parishes (administrative divisions)  in Cabranes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is  in size with a population of 277 (INE 2011).

Villages
 Camás
 Candones
 La Curciada
 Fresnéu
 Fresnu
 Iría
 Naveda
 Piñera
 Viella

References

Parishes in Cabranes


Rhombodera rennellana is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in the Solomon Islands.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

Rhombodera
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1968


Rhombodera rollei is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in the Maluku Islands of Indonesia.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

Rhombodera
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1935


Rhombodera sjostedti is a species of praying mantis in the family Mantidae, found on the Tenimbar Islands of Indonesia.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

S
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1930


Rhombodera stalii is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found on the island of Java in Indonesia.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

S
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1912


Rhombodera taprobanae is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Sri Lanka.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

T
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1878


Rhombomantis tectiformis is a species of mantid in the family Mantidae. It is found in Asia.

References

Further reading

Hierodulinae
Insects described in 1870
Mantodea of Asia


Rhombodera titania is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Indomalaya.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

T
Mantodea of Asia
Insects described in 1877


Rhombodera valida is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Indomalaya.

Etymology
In Latin "valida" means strong, powerful or valid. Rhomboid shape. In Greek dera means neck.

Description
Rhombodera valida has a broader, sub-circular, rhomboidal pronotum than Rhombodera basalis.

See also
 List of mantis genera and species
 Mantodea of Asia
 Leaf mantis
 Shield mantis

References

v
Mantodea of Asia
Insects of China
Insects of Timor
Insects of India
Insects of Indonesia
Insects of Japan
Insects of Korea
Insects of Malaysia
Fauna of Java
Insects described in 1838


Rhombomantis woodmasoni is a species of mantid in the family Mantidae. It is found in Asia

References

Further reading

Hierodulinae
Insects described in 1931
Mantodea of Asia


Rhombodera zhangi is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in China.

See also
List of mantis genera and species

References

Z
Mantodea of Asia
Insects of China
Insects described in 1993


Lobular neoplasia can refer to:
 Lobular carcinoma in situ
 Invasive lobular carcinoma


Viy () is a Ukrainian ethnic-rock band originating from the capital Kyiv in 1991.

Discography

 Chorna Rillia (Чорна Рілля, 2001)
 Khata Skraiu Sela (Хата скраю села, 2003)
 Chorna Rillia Collector's Edition (Чорна Рілля, 2004)
 Rock Legends of Ukraine - Viy (Рок-легенди України — Вій, 2004)
 Viy Multimedia Encyclopedia (2005)
 Khata Skraiu Sela (Хата скраю села, 2006)

External links
 Viy official website
 music by Viy on libre.fm

Ukrainian rock music groups


Graméu () is one of six parishes (administrative divisions)  in Cabranes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is  in size with a population of 40 (INE 2011).

Villages
 Xiranes (population 24)
 Graméu  (population 16)

References

Parishes in Cabranes


Luther Emmett Holt (L. Emmett Holt, March 4, 1855 – January 14, 1924) was an American pediatrician and author, noted for writing The Care and Feeding of Children: A Catechism for the Use of Mothers and Children's Nurses in 1894.

Born near Rochester, New York, Holt graduated from the University of Rochester in 1875. He went to medical school in the University at Buffalo and then the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, earning his M.D. in 1880. He pioneered the science of pediatrics, and became the head physician at New York's Babies Hospital in 1888. Under his leadership it became the leading pediatric hospital of its time.

One of Holt's most notable accomplishments is the introduction of milk certification in New York City.  Using a grant he acquired through his connection with the Rockefeller Institute Holt surveyed the quality of milk in the tenement districts and subsequently proved that a large proportion of infant fatalities were due to excessively high bacterial counts.  He was instrumental in the creation of milk commissions and advisory boards for the city's Department of Health.

In 1887, a hospital designated solely for children became a reality when five determined women purchased a brownstone house at the corner of Lexington Avenue and 55th Street, near the site of Bloomingdale's today. Holt became its first medical director of the Babies Hospital in 1889 - now Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital. At his first rounds examining the patients, he noted with interest, the practice of the nurses there in maintaining a clipboard at the bedside (cribside) upon which important clinical information was being kept. He began adding physician observations to it, and thus was born the "medical record" or "chart". The head of nursing at that time had a set of lecture notes, which she used in the education of parents. He adapted it into a book that became the standard child rearing text The Care and Feeding of Children: A Catechism for the Use of Mothers and Children's Nurses (1894). This remained the pre-eminent guide until Psychological Care of Infant and Child (Watson 1928) and then Baby and Child Care (Spock 1946). Holt promoted the idea of regimented and disciplined parenting. His book included a schedule of activities (such as toilet training) to be learned at specific ages, and meals to at regular hours to "prevent disease". He advised that: "Babies under six months should never be played with: and the less of it at anytime the better for the infant.  They are made nervous and irritable, sleep badly and suffer from indigestion."

In 1900, the Rockefeller family funded the construction of a new Babies' Hospital at the same site, a 10-story state-of-the-art building that still stands to this day. However, by the 1920s even this building was too small, so Babies' Hospital joined Presbyterian Hospital, the Neurological Institute and the College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University, to build Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, located between West 165th and 168th Streets and Broadway.  It continues today as the largest Hospital in the NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital system.

Many important early figures in pediatrics did their internship under his supervision, such as Dorothy Reed (Mendenhall), MD, John Howland, MD (1st Chairman of pediatrics at Johns Hopkins and Director of the Harriet Lane Home for Invalid Children) and Edward Parks, MD (3d chair at Johns Hopkins).  At the turn of the century, Dr. Holt was a major figure in pediatrics.  He was a charter member of the American Pediatric Society and would be elected its president twice, an honor bestowed upon only one other doctor.  In 1901 he was appointed to the board of the Rockefeller Institute, under whose auspices he would eventually travel to China.  Following his development of a child welfare program adopted at the Red Cross Cannes Conference (1919), he was elected president of the Child Health Organization.

As president of the American Association for the Study and Prevention of Infant Mortality (AASPIM), Holt promoted reproduction control by society as a means of eugenics. In his 1913 presidential address he said:

We must eliminate the unfit by birth not by death. The race is to be most effectively improved by preventing marriage and reproduction by the unfit, among whom we would class the diseased, the degenerate, the defective, and the criminal.

He wrote The Care and Feeding of Children to great acclaim, and the text quickly became a bestseller. He also wrote Diseases of Infancy and Childhood in 1896; the book would go through 11 editions and remain the definitive text on pediatrics until 1940. Editions published after Holt's death were revised and edited by his son, Luther Emmett Holt, Jr., and Rustin McIntosh. In 1967, Holt, Jr., renewed the copyright. In 1980, Appleton/Classics of Medicine Library published a facsimile of the 1897 first edition.

Holt was a professor at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons from 1901 to 1922.  In 1923, despite his old age, the Rockefeller Institute called on him to lecture at Peking Union Medical College for their winter term.  Holt accepted, viewing the offer as both an opportunity to observe Chinese children for his own studies, and introduce pediatrics to the Chinese doctors.  Days before his return home, Holt suffered a heart attack and died in Peking on January 14, 1924.

References

External links

1855 births
1924 deaths
American instructional writers
American medical writers
American male non-fiction writers
American pediatricians
American eugenicists
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni
Columbia University faculty
Academic staff of Peking Union Medical College
University at Buffalo alumni
University of Rochester alumni
People from Webster, New York


Pandenes is one of six parishes (administrative divisions)  in Cabranes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is  in size with a population of 77 (INE 2011).

Villages
 Pandenes
 Los Villares

References

Parishes in Cabranes


Dmitri Sergeyevich Akimov (; born 14 September 1980) is a former Russian former football player.

Career
He last played for FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg. He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 2000 for FC Zenit St. Petersburg. He was the top scorer in the Russian First Division in 2007, scoring 34 goals. He was also the top scorer in the Russian Second Division, East Zone in 2002 (22 goals) and 2004 (24 goals).

Honours
 Russian Premier League bronze: 2001.
 Russian First Division top scorer: 2007.
 Russian Second Division Zone East best player: 2004.

External links

  Profile on the FC Rostov site

1980 births
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
FC Tyumen players
FC Zenit Saint Petersburg players
FC Rostov players
Russian Premier League players
FC Sibir Novosibirsk players
FC Metallurg Lipetsk players
FC Fakel Voronezh players
Footballers from Saint Petersburg
FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg players
Russian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Belarus
FC Dinamo Minsk players
FC Zenit-2 Saint Petersburg players


Louisiana Department of Education (LADOE) is a state agency of Louisiana, United States. It manages the state's school districts. It is headquartered in the Claiborne Building at 1201 North 3rd Street in Baton Rouge. On a previous occasion the department was headquartered at 626 North 4th Street in Baton Rouge.

See also

 Louisiana Board of Elementary and Secondary Education

References

External links
 Louisiana Department of Education

 EducateNow! website

Public education in Louisiana
Education, Department of
State departments of education of the United States


Stanley Rimsky Salgado (born 12 September 1980), known by his stage name Imposs, is a Haitian-Canadian rapper based in Quebec. Before becoming a solo artist, he was part of Muzion, one of the well-known hip hop bands of Quebec. He has collaborated on many occasions with Wyclef Jean during Muzion days and also as a solo artist. He is well known for dubbing the phrase "Real City" for Montreal. He is signed to Sony.

As part of Muzion
As part of band Muzion that was formed in 1999, Imposs had great success with the band signing a contract with BMG. The debut album Mentalité Moune Morne in 1999 was a hit and Imposs became well known in the urban scene throughout Canada and Quebec in particular. After winning the "Album of the Year – Hip Hop" Félix Award, the band released their second album J'Rêvolutionne that got critical acclaim and again won the "Best Album of the Year -Hip Hop" in 2002. Imposs and Muzion toured France with IV My People, follow-up to the cult band NTM. In 2004, Wyclef Jean invited Muzion to collaborate with him on Wyclef Jean's hit 24 Heures à vivre. The francophone hit of Wyclef Jean witnessed huge success in France and internationally about the life of immigrants. The song won the "Prix Mirroir de la chanson d'expression française" (the Mirror Prize for song in French expression).

Solo career
Imposs launched his solo career with an album entitled Mon Poing D'Vue through K'Maro's music label K-Pone Inc with coverage in the Quebec media including interview at TQS.

He took part in "Festival d'Eté du Quebec" that called him "widely respected and most influential performer on the Quebec hip hop scene"

His first single / video release was "Faut qu'j'men aille" released in 2007. He followed that with another single release called Rien d'interdit also in 2007. Rapper K-Maro appears in the video as a cameo.

When on 11 August 2008, Freddy Villanueva, an 18-year-old, lost his life by Montreal police bullets, and as a result riots ensued in Montreal-Nord district with a large concentration of minorities. Imposs was one of the first to intervene and was interviewed by the Quebec media as one of the opinion leaders presenting the Haitian and other minority communities. He also explained the grievances in Montreal's La Presse daily newspaper on 13 August 2008. Television stations held interviews with him about the incidents on Radio-Canada and RDI 24-hours news channel.

Imposs's new album Peace-Tolet debuted at number 76 on the Canadian Albums Chart.

Nominations and awards

During the period with Muzion:
Nominated "Best singer-songwriter" at ADISQ Awards (2000)
Winner of "Album of the Year – Hip Hop" for Mentalité Moune Morne at ADISQ Awards in 2000
Winner of "Album of the Year – Hip Hop" for J'Rêvolutionne at ADISQ Awards in 2003

As a solo act:
Nominated for "Album of the Year" for his album Mon Poing d'vue at the ADISQ Awards in 2008
Nominated for "Song of the Year" for his single Rien d'interdit at the Sounds of Blackness S.O.B.A Gala in 2008
Winner of "Francophone Album of the Year" for debut solo album Mon Poing d'vue at the Sounds of Blackness S.O.B.A Gala in 2008
Winner of "French language Revelation of the Year" at the S.O.B.A gala in 2009
Nominated for "Best Artist or Group – Francophone" at the S.O.B.A gala in 2009
Nominated for "Best Francophone Video Clip of the Year" with Taktika for his song Au nom de qui? at S.O.B.A in 2009 in addition to nomination for "Best Francophone Collaboration of the Year" for the same song for Imposs and Taktika
Winner of "S.O.B.A Public Choice Award" at the Sounds of Blackness S.O.B.A Gala in two consecutive years 2008 and 2009 voted via the Canadian music station MusiquePlus
Winner of "Best Artist or Group – Frnacophone of the Year" during S.O.B.A gala in 2009

For 2 consecutive years (2008 and 2009), rapper Imposs won the prize for "Best francophone artist of the year", during the Quebec Sounds of Blackness Awards (S.O.B.A) specializing in urban and hip hop culture. The award is the most prestigious distributed annually.

Festivals and Shows
Imposs has given more than 300 shows throughout Canada and in France. He notably is featured in a number of well-attended festivals including:

Coup de Coeur Francophone – 1999
Les FrancoFolies de Montréal – 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2008
Festival d'été de Québec – 2000, 2004, 2008, 2009
Festival de Musique Émergente −2008

Collaborations
Imposs has collaborated with a number of artists. However the most notable remains with another international artist of Haitian origin Wyclef Jean. It started when Imposs was in Muzion. In 2004 Wyclef Jean invited the band to collaborate with him on Wyclef Hean's hit 24 Heures à vivre. The francophone hit of Wyclef Jean witnessed huge success in France and internationally and went to win the "Prix Mirroir de la chanson d'expression française" (the Mirror Prize for song in French expression).

In the remix of Wyclef Jean's hit Let Me Touch Your Button Imposs is featured alongside will.i.am (of The Black Eyed Peas) and Jimmy O. (of Rap Kreyol)

Imposs is also featured in K'Maro's song Love It Or Leave It appearing in the latter's 2008 album Perfect Stranger

Discography

Albums

With Muzion
The albums were released under the "VIK Recordings" music label:
Mentalité Moune Morne (1999)
J'Rêvolutionne (2002)

Solo
The album was released under K.Pone Inc music label:
Mon Poing D'Vue (2007)

Tracks:
 Intro (Les rideaux s'ouvrent)
 Rien d'interdit
 Mornier 4 Life
 Faut qu'j'm'en aille (Bonnie and Clyde '07)
 Dope Boys
 Monte mes gardes
 La preuve morte
 Mwen te mouri
 Vive la différence
 Tu piges
 Strip tip
 Chlamedia
 Ça fait longtemps
 Du fond du coeur

PeaceTolet (2012)

Tracks:
Qu'1 modeste journée (avec Cim-City)
Ouvrez le feu (avec J.Kyll)
Le même tralala
Donnez-moi une chance
À toi de briller (avec Alfa Rococo)
L'erreur est humaine // L'amour est égoiste (avec Audrey Joelle)
2e souffle (avec France D'Amour & Sans Pression)
À 7 instant (avec Barnev)
Le coeur comme métronome (avec Bambi Cruz & Mc Solaar)
Tu veux qu'on 100 barres ?
On s'évade
Enfermé dans ma liberté (avec Corneille)
Richesse Québécoise (avec Eddy King & Izra L)
Tu l'auras, tue l'Aura
SeXorcisme (avec Mackadamion)
C'est ça ma vie

Singles / Videos
2007: "Rien d'interdit"
2008: "Faut qu'j'men aille"
2008: "Vive la différence"
2009: "Monte mes gardes"

References

External links
Imposs MySpace page
Imposs Rap Kreyol MySpace page
Preste.ca Imposs page

1980 births
Living people
Haitian emigrants to Canada
Haitian Quebecers
Canadian male rappers
Musicians from Montreal
20th-century Canadian male musicians
21st-century Canadian male musicians
20th-century Canadian rappers
21st-century Canadian rappers


Santolaya () is one of six parishes (administrative divisions)  in Cabranes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is  in size with a population of 336 (INE 2011).

Villages
 Arboleya
 Arriondu
 Bospolín
 Carabañu
 Güerdies
 Madiéu
 Mases
 Santolaya
 Villanueva

Other minor entities include: Argamia, Artín, El Cantu, La Casa'l Monte, La Casa'l Ríu, El Colláu, Felguerúa, El Fondón, Fonfría, Llamuñu, La Llana, La Llantada, La Llavona, La Obra, Oles, L'Ordinayu, El Préstamu, La Quintana, La Rozada, Sendín, La Soma, Les Vegues and La Viña.

References

Parishes in Cabranes


Archibald Douglas, 1st Duke of Douglas (15 October 1694 – 21 July 1761) was a Scottish nobleman.

Early life
He was the second son of James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas, by his second marriage to Lady Mary Kerr, daughter of Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian and Lady Jean Campbell. His elder brother, William, died in infancy in 1694, and Archibald was thereafter styled Earl of Angus.

Douglas succeeded his father in 1700, and on 10 April 1703, was created Duke of Douglas, Marquess of Angus and Abernethy, Viscount of Jedburgh Forest, and Lord Douglas of Bonkill, Prestoun, and Robertoun. The bearer of the Crown of Scotland on state occasions, he conveyed it to Edinburgh Castle after the closing of the last Parliament of Scotland.

Career
During the Jacobite rising of 1715, Douglas took the Hanoverian side, and led the volunteer horse at the Battle of Sheriffmuir. In maturity, Douglas grew eccentric, and perhaps insane, slew Captain John Kerr (the natural son of his uncle, Lord Mark Kerr) at Douglas Castle, while the latter was guesting with him there, and was forced to flee for some time to Holland. His residence of Douglas Castle was plundered by Highlanders during the Rising of 1745.

Personal life
He fell out with his sister, Lady Jane Douglas, when he discovered her secret marriage to Sir John Stewart, 3rd Baronet of Grantully, and treated her with great cruelty. In 1755, Douglas Castle burned, and he hired Robert Adam to rebuild it, although the work was never finished, being halted by the Duke's death.

In 1758, Lord Douglas married Margaret Douglas, daughter of James Douglas of Mains, who succeeded in reconciling him with Archibald, his nephew by Lady Jane (who had died in 1754). Ultimately, the Duke was persuaded to entail his estates upon Archibald, a decision which led to the celebrated Douglas Cause upon his death, when the Duke of Hamilton (who inherited the Marquessate of Douglas) and his kin unsuccessfully contested Archibald's legitimacy.

Ancestry

References

1694 births
1761 deaths
Dukes in the Peerage of Scotland
Archibald Douglas, 01st Duke of Douglas
People of the Jacobite rising of 1715
03


Spellow Lane Church is an Evangelical church in Walton, Liverpool, Merseyside, England ().

References

Churches in Liverpool


Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is the term used for a benign lesion of the breast that indicates an increased risk of breast cancer.

The name of the entity is descriptive of the lesion; ADH is characterized by cellular proliferation (hyperplasia) within one or two breast ducts and (histomorphologic) architectural abnormalities, i.e. the cells are arranged in an abnormal or atypical way.

In the context of a core (needle) biopsy, ADH is considered an indication for a breast lumpectomy, also known as a surgical (excisional) biopsy, to exclude the presence of breast cancer.

Signs and symptoms
ADH, generally, is asymptomatic.  It usually comes to medical attention on a screening mammogram, as a non-specific suspicious abnormality that requires a biopsy.

Pathology

ADH, cytologically, architecturally and on a molecular basis, is identical to a low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS); however, it has a limited extent, i.e. is present in a very small amount (< 2 mm).

Relation to low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ

While the histopathologic features and molecular features of ADH are that of (low-grade) DCIS, its clinical behaviour, unlike low-grade DCIS, is substantially better; thus, the more aggressive treatment for DCIS is not justified.

Diagnosis

It is diagnosed based on tissue, e.g. a biopsy, showing ductal hyperplasia.

There is no single definite cutoff that separates atypical ductal hyperplasia from ductal carcinoma in situ, but the following are important distinctive features of atypical ductal hyperplasia, with suggested cutoffs:
Size less than 2 mm.
Not involving more than one duct.
The atypical epithelial proliferation is admixed with a second population of proliferative cells without atypia.
The proliferation completely involves the terminal ductal lobular unit(s), to a limited extent.

Treatment
ADH, if found on a surgical (excisional) biopsy of a mammographic abnormality, does not require any further treatment, only mammographic follow-up.

If ADH is found on a core (needle) biopsy (a procedure which generally does not excise a suspicious mammographic abnormality), a surgical biopsy, i.e. a breast lumpectomy, to completely excise the abnormality and exclude breast cancer is the typical recommendation.

Prognosis

Cancer risk for ADH on a core biopsy
The rate at which breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive mammary carcinoma (all breast cancer except DCIS and LCIS)) is found at the time of a surgical (excisional) biopsy, following the diagnosis of ADH on a core (needle) biopsy varies considerably from hospital-to-hospital (range 4-54%).  In two large studies, the conversion of an ADH on core biopsy to breast cancer on surgical excision, known as "up-grading", is approximately 30%.

Cancer risk based on follow-up
The relative risk of breast cancer based on a median follow-up of 8 years, in a case control study of US registered nurses, is 3.7.

See also
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Breast cancer
Collagenous spherulosis

References

External links

What is atypical ductal hyperplasia? (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Benign neoplasms
Breast neoplasia


Sergey Gennadyevich Kuznetsov (; born 7 May 1986) is a former Russian football player.

Club career
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 2005 for FC Dynamo Moscow.

External links

  Profile on the FC Rostov site

1986 births
Sportspeople from Oryol
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Russia men's under-21 international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
FC Dynamo Moscow players
FC Rostov players
FC Luch Vladivostok players
PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara players
FC Kuban Krasnodar players
Russian Premier League players
FC Khimki players
FC Mordovia Saransk players
FC Arsenal Tula players
FC Tom Tomsk players
FC Lokomotiv Moscow players
FC Rotor Volgograd players


Torazu () is one of six parishes (administrative divisions)  in Cabranes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is  in size with a population of 260 (INE 2005).

Villages
 Castiellu
 Cervera
 La Cotariella
 Miangues
 La Parte
 Peñella
 La Rebollada
 Torazu

References

Parishes in Cabranes


Christmas with John Fahey, Vol. II is a Christmas album by American fingerstyle guitarist and composer John Fahey, released in 1975.

History
This is John Fahey's second volume of Christmas music. His first, 1968's The New Possibility, has been one of Fahey's best selling recordings, selling over 100,000 copies.

Takoma artist Richard Ruskin duets with Fahey on a few of the numbers. "Christmas Fantasy" parts 1 and 2 take up the complete side two.

John Fahey's Guitar Christmas Book, a folio of guitar transcriptions of songs from The New Possibility and Christmas with John Fahey Vol. II, was published in 1981. It is no longer in print.

A 2000 CD reissue of The New Possibility includes the entire contents of both that album and Christmas with John Fahey Vol. II.

Reception

In his Allmusic review, Jon Pruett wrote that the side-long "Christmas Fantasy" was "gives plenty of reason to search out this record. Here, he dips into his characteristic, methodical plucking that flows from uneven to dizzying before lapsing into more melodic segments. Crashing and discordant at one moment, gentle and flowing the next. It's not your typical Christmas fantasy and probably provided some nightmarish, surreal qualities to anyone hoping to inject some typical musical yuletide cheer into their holiday."

Track listing
 "O Holy Night" (Adolphe Adam, John Sullivan Dwight) – 3:26
 "Christmas Medley: O Tannenbaum/Angels We Have Heard on High/Jingle Bells" (Ernst Anschütz, James Pierpont) – 3:28
 "Russian Christmas Overture" (Traditional) – 6:45
 "White Christmas" (Irving Berlin) – 4:55
 "Carol of the Bells" (Traditional) – 2:34
 "Christmas Fantasy, Pt. 1
 "Christmas Fantasy, Pt. 2" (Traditional) – 12:20

Personnel
 John Fahey – guitar
Richard Ruskin – guitar (on "O Holy Night", "Medley", "Russian Christmas Overture", and "Carol of the Bells")
Production notes
John Fahey – producer
Doug Decker – producer, engineer
Stephanie Pyren – cover art

References

1975 Christmas albums
Christmas albums by American artists
John Fahey (musician) albums
Takoma Records albums
Albums produced by John Fahey (musician)
Folk Christmas albums


The Mississippi Community College Board (MCCB), formerly the Mississippi State Board for Community and Junior Colleges (SBCJC), is a statutory coordinating board tasked with oversight of the public community and junior colleges of the state of Mississippi.

Institutions
Board members are appointed for staggered terms by the Governor of Mississippi to oversee 15 schools.

Coahoma Community College
Copiah-Lincoln Community College
East Central Community College
East Mississippi Community College
Hinds Community College
Holmes Community College
Itawamba Community College
Jones County Junior College
Meridian Community College
Mississippi Delta Community College
Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College
Northeast Mississippi Community College
Northwest Mississippi Community College
Pearl River Community College
Southwest Mississippi Community College

Each of the institutions offers dual enrollment and dual credit courses in conjunction with local high schools, adult education programs that lead to a High School Equivalency credential, career and technical programs of study that are designed to prepare students for immediate entry to the local workforce, university transfer programs that prepare students for transfer success at four-year institutions of higher learning, and non-credit programs focused on specific workforce-related needs identified in each community where a community college is located. Many institutions also offer opportunities for interested individuals to take advantage of continuing and community education courses created to teach specific and interesting topics in a non-credit environment. Additionally, students have access to the Mississippi Virtual Community College, which enables students to take courses, via distance learning, at any of the 15 community colleges and receive support from a nearby college.

History
The Legislature created the board in 1986 to receive and distribute funds from the state, federal government, and other sources to the community and junior colleges.
The initiation of the SBCJC can be traced back to the 1920s. Senate Bill 131, Laws of 1928, approved April 26, 1928, authorized the establishment of junior colleges, and also created a State Commission for oversight of these institutions. The first action of the Commission consisted of identifying its authority, establishing standards by which existing junior colleges must meet to qualify for state aid and develop criteria required of agricultural high schools seeking junior college status. This action of the Commission constituted the birth of Mississippi State System of Public Junior Colleges, giving Mississippi the distinction of having the first state system of comprehensive two-year colleges in the nation. The Commission had no staff but was served by personnel within the State Department of Education. In 1968, a separate operational division for junior colleges was created in the State Department of Education, which provided state services and oversight until 1986.

Virtual Community College
The Mississippi Virtual Community College (MSVCC) is a consortium of the 15 physical community colleges in the Mississippi system that allows students to take classes over the Internet from any community college located in the state. After almost three years of research and planning, MSVCC was inaugurated in January 2000 under the MCCB Distance Learning program, and currently serves over 20,000 students each semester.

As an example of how the consortium works, a student from Northwest College (acting as host college) can take a class on the Internet offered from Pearl River Community College (acting as provider college). The host college supports the student with any other needed resources-—including academic advising, financial aid, and campus network access—and the course credit from the provided class is subsequently awarded through the host college. Through this mechanism, the virtual community college provides an opportunity for students take classes that are not offered at their "home" college. Additional learning support is provided by the Mississippi Electronic Libraries Online (MELO), a shared resource hosted by the MCCB that is made available to students and instructors through their respective campus networks and administered under the Distance Learning program.
The mission of the Mississippi Virtual Community College is to provide educational opportunities to constituencies who live within the various community and junior college districts in Mississippi and to others beyond those boundaries. The mission includes providing access to instructional offerings through advanced technologies for those individuals who currently cannot take advantage of the offerings of the community college through traditional means and to those individuals who are seeking alternative educational delivery systems.
The MSVCC maintains an articulation agreement amongst all of its constituent community colleges that is explicitly designed to avoid drawing any distinction between online and traditional lecture courses in order to facilitate a unified curriculum system-wide. Accreditation of the MSVCC is maintained under the oversight of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Divisions of the Board

The State Board was formerly made up of 11 members.

Services
In 1995, the SBCJC adopted the accreditation standards as set forth by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The board uses these standards for quality, accountability, and financial adequacy.

Adult Education and HSE
The Mississippi Community College Board participates in the administering of the Adult Education Program. This program is beneficial to adults because it allows them the opportunity to take a second chance at earning an education. To be competitive in today's society, one must possess basic competencies in areas such as math, reading, writing, communication, teamwork, and computer technology. The Adult Education Program offers assistance to adults in need of gaining these skills. In addition, the program provides students with sufficient basic education to enable them to benefit from job training and to retain productive employment so they might more fully enjoy the benefits and responsibilities of citizenship. Further, the Adult Education program affords many the satisfaction of achieving, at the least, a credential associated with completing secondary education.

Athletics and Activities
All fifteen of the Mississippi Community Colleges have athletics and are affiliated with the Mississippi Association of Community Colleges Conference (MACCC). The MACCC is part of the National Junior College Athletic Association. Region XXIII comprises the MACCC as well as the MISS-LOU Junior College Conference, which are only schools in Louisiana. Aside from sports, many schools have bands, choirs, cheerleading, dance teams, and a wide variety of clubs and groups, which are designed to build community, teach leadership, and prepare graduates for success after college.

Career and Technical Education
The Career and Technical Education division is responsible for working with community college administrators to assist with evaluation of programs, the reimbursement process for upgrading equipment, and salaries for Career-Technical personnel. In addition, the CTE Division reviews institutional requests for instructional programs to be added, modified, or deleted. The division also serves as liaison between community college administrators, the Mississippi Department of Education, and the Research and Curriculum Unit of Mississippi State University.

The Career and Technical Education division works with each community college to ensure that curricula and courses are adequate for the various career and technical programs offered. There are currently 97 programs of study available to the students enrolled in Mississippi Community Colleges. This board ensures that college personnel are informed of the various governing policies and program requirements. Additionally, the Career and Technical Education division assists community college personnel in developing and reviewing personnel qualifications and credentials associated with career and technical instruction.

Distance Education
Distance learning responsibilities of the SBCJC include coordination of the Mississippi Virtual Community College and online course offerings for workforce training. The Mississippi Virtual Community College (MSVCC) is a consortium of 15 of Mississippi's community colleges. Through the MSVCC, students may take courses from community colleges anywhere in Mississippi while getting support services from a local college. Also, an active partnership with Mindleaders opens the door to skills training courses in information technology, management, and other valuable areas at an affordable cost in support of workforce training initiatives.

The fifteen members of the Mississippi Virtual Community College include: Coahoma Community College, Copiah-Lincoln Community College, East Central Community College, East Mississippi Community College, Hinds Community College, Holmes Community College, Itawamba Community College, Jones College, Meridian Community College, Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College, Mississippi Delta Community College, Northeast Community College, Northwest Community College, Pearl River Community College, and Southwest Mississippi Community College. Each of the 15 member schools employs a staff member who handles local MSVCC operations. Personnel on each campus serve as local support for students who are enrolled in MSVCC classes.

Information Services
The information service division is responsible for identifying implementing technology initiatives within the agency as it responds "to the changing needs of the community and the citizens of Mississippi". Their services provide information to all of the community colleges in the state of Mississippi. This team constitutes the agency's leadership for suggesting, requesting, and implementing technological needs as it strives to fulfill its mission. The information service consists of training and support services, network management, and application development. Ray A. Smith is the director of information services.

Workforce Education
The Workforce Education Division is responsible for facilitating the Boards' goals of using state resources to provide workforce education to the citizens of Mississippi giving them the skills needed to be more productive and have an improved quality of life, and to provide the employers of our state a better trained and educated workforce.

Statistics
In state fiscal 2008, there were 71,490 full-time equivalent students and 93,978 non-duplicate total credit: 63.9% female, 55.2% white, and 97.1% in-state.

References

External links
Official website

Public education in Mississippi


"You Can Depend on Me" is a song written by Charles Carpenter, Louis Dunlap and Earl "Fatha" Hines. and first recorded by Louis Armstrong (1931 and 1951).
It should not be confused with the song of the same name, "(You Can) Depend on Me," recorded by Smokey Robinson and The Miracles in 1959.

Other recorded versions
The song has been recorded and performed by several people, including:
Count Basie (1939),
Earl Hines himself (1940)
Lester Young (1956)
Nat King Cole (1957)
Brenda Lee (1961). Lee's "You Can Depend on Me" reached No.6 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart in May 1961. The single crossed over to the Hot R&B Sides chart, where it reached No. 25. This recording was featured on Lee's 1962 album Brenda, That's All.

Influences
Recorded in 1949, the notable Lennie Tristano contrafact "Wow" is based on the chord changes to You Can Depend on Me.

References

External links
BMI Work #1712327, "You Can Depend on Me"

1961 singles
Brenda Lee songs
1961 songs
Decca Records singles


ATA Bus is a private, not-for-profit bus system in Riley County, Kansas, United States that provides fixed-route, paratransit, and safe ride services. It is funded by county, state, and federal tax dollars. ATA Bus began fixed-route bus service in April 2012 for the rapidly expanding Manhattan, KS urban area. ATA originally stood for Aging Transportation Agency but now stands for Area Transportation Agency.

Fares
Fixed route service fare is $1.00 for Adults, $0.50 for Youths (6 to 18), Children (under 6) are free but must be accompanied. There is a free-fare zone for Kansas State University staff/faculty/students with ID between the stops at the University (Beach Museum, Edwards Hall, Student Union and Foundation building). Seniors and Disabled can apply for half-fare cards, and personal care attendants can ride free. Transfers can take place at the Student Union stop. A $30 monthly pass is available.

Demand response fares are $2.00 one way inside Manhattan, Junction City, and Fort Riley city limits. Fares are $4.00 for locations more than three miles beyond city limits but still within the service area.

Eligible residents may qualify for complimentary paratransit service.

Safe Ride is free for individuals with a Kansas State University ID. One ID will cover up to four individuals. Fares are $2.00 otherwise.

Services
ATA's service area is the Manhattan-Riley County area, western Pottawatomie County including the Green Valley area and the St George Area, Fort Riley, and the Junction City-Geary County area including the towns of Grandview Plaza and Milford.

The Manhattan fixed route service operates Monday through Saturday.  Buses run from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. on Monday through Friday, and 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. on Saturday. The Junction City fixed route service operates Monday through Friday, 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.

The demand response service operates Monday through Friday. The hours are from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. with the last pick ups of the day made at 5:00 p.m. Rides must be scheduled the day before. Also you can schedule multiple rides at one time .

ATA provides a zone-based pickup schedule for most of rural Riley County. On Mondays and Tuesdays the service makes pick-ups between 7:30 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. in northern Riley County. They usually make their return trips between 1:00 p.m. and 1:30 p.m.

Service to and from Ogden, Kansas is available Monday through Friday. Riders wishing to ride the bus need to call in to the Dispatcher and schedule a ride as usual. The service has a fixed schedule and stops at designated places in Ogden three times a day. Door to door demand responsive service in Ogden is available for persons with mobility impairments.

SafeRide operates on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday nights when Kansas State University is in session. ATA Bus also partners with Kansas State University to provide shuttle service on the Manhattan campus.

Fleet
ATA Bus operates 28 vehicles. All buses are equipped with ramps and lifts to accommodate the needs of riders with disabilities. Some buses are equipped with racks to carry bikes.

A 2009 federal grant of $500,000 authorized ATA Bus to purchase five new twenty-passenger buses to implement fixed-route service.

References

External links
Official site
SafeRide

Bus transportation in Kansas


Viñón is one of six parishes (administrative divisions)  in Cabranes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is  in size with a population of 199 (INE 2005).

Villages
 d'Arboleya
 Ñao
 La Puerte
 Valbuena
 Viñón

Parishes in Cabranes


Edmund Bourke(Burke) STM, OP, (died 1738) was an Irish Dominican.

Born in Galway during the second half of the 17th century, joining the Order of Preachers where in 1683 he professed in Athenry, in that county where he began his studies before leaving for Spain where he completed his studies in Pamplona and at Our Lady of Atocha, Madrid. He is noted as the author of numerous scholarly works, though none of them have been traced. In 1706 he was principal regent of the Irish Dominican school in Louvain. He was called to rome in 1729. He died in Rome on May 23, 1739.

Edmund was the uncle of Thomas Burke OP, the dominican writer, who served as Bishop of Ossory.

See also

 Dominicans in Ireland

References
 Galway Authors, Helen Maher, 1976.

1738 deaths
Christian clergy from County Galway
Irish Dominicans
18th-century Irish writers
17th-century births


is a semi-retired professional wrestler, best known for his work in Dramatic Dream Team (DDT) under the ring name .

Professional wrestling career

DDT Pro Wrestling (1999–2012; 2022–present)
Initially trained by New Japan Pro-Wrestling, Sawada found prominence after making his debut for DDT in 1999. He worked for the promotion for over thirteen years, becoming a two-time KO-D Openweight Champion and a seven-time Ironman Heavymetalweight Champion, before retiring in November 2012.

Sawada made his return to professional wrestling on March 20, 2022, at Judgement 2022: DDT 25th Anniversary where he teamed up with Akarangers (Gentaro and Takashi Sasaki) and Suicide Boyz (Mikami and Thanomsak Toba), being accompanied to the ring by Naomi Susan to defeat Toru Owashi, Antonio Honda, Kazuki Hirata and Yoshihiko for the KO-D 10-Man Tag Team Championship.

Championships and accomplishments
DDT Pro-Wrestling
Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship (7 times)
Jiyūgaoka 6-Person Tag Team Championship (2 times)
KO-D Openweight Championship (2 times)
KO-D 10-Man Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Gentaro, Takashi Sasaki, Mikami and Thanomsak Toba
King of DDT Tournament (2004)
Pro Wrestling Crusaders
PWC Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
IWA Kakutō Shijuku/Kokusai Promotion
IWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) with Super Uchu Power
Other titles
CMA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

References

1964 births
Japanese male professional wrestlers
Living people
Professional wrestlers from Tokyo
20th-century professional wrestlers
21st-century professional wrestlers
Ironman Heavymetalweight Champions
Jiyūgaoka 6-Person Tag Team Champions
KO-D 8-Man/10-Man Tag Team Champions
KO-D Openweight Champions


Also called Zuska's disease (only nonpuerperal case), subareolar abscess is a subcutaneous abscess of the breast tissue beneath the areola of the nipple. It is a frequently aseptic inflammation and has been associated with squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts.

The term is usually understood to include breast abscesses located in the retroareolar region or the periareolar region but not those located in the periphery of the breast.

Subareolar abscess can develop both during lactation or extrapuerperal, the abscess is often flaring up and down with repeated fistulation.

Pathophysiology
90% of cases are smokers, however only a very small fraction of smokers appear to develop this lesion. It has been speculated that either the direct toxic effect or hormonal changes related to smoking could cause squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts. It is not well established whether the lesion regresses after smoking cessation.

Extrapuerperal cases are often associated with hyperprolactinemia or with thyroid problems. Also diabetes mellitus may be a contributing factor in nonpuerperal breast abscess.

Treatment
Treatment is problematic unless an underlying endocrine disorder can be successfully diagnosed and treated.

A study by Goepel and Panhke provided indications that the inflammation should be controlled by bromocriptine even in absence of hyperprolactinemia.

Antibiotic treatment is given in case of acute inflammation. However, this alone is rarely effective, and the treatment of a subareaolar abscess is primarily surgical. In case of an acute abscess, incision and drainage are performed, followed by antibiotics treatment. However, in contrast to peripheral breast abscess which often resolves after antibiotics and incision and drainage, subareaolar breast abscess has a tendency to recur, often accompanied by the formation of fistulas leading from inflammation area to the skin surface. In many cases, in particular in patients with recurrent subareolar abscess, the excision of the affected lactiferous ducts is indicated, together with the excision of any chronic abscess or fistula. This can be performed using radial or circumareolar incision.

There is no universal agreement on what should be the standard way of treating the condition. In a recent review article, antibiotics treatment, ultrasound evaluation and, if fluid is present, ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of the abscess with an 18 gauge needle, under saline lavage until clear, has been suggested as initial line of treatment for breast abscess in puerperal and non-puerperal cases including central (subareolar) abscess (see breast abscess for details). Elsewhere, it has been stated that treatment of subareolar abscess is unlikely to work if it does not address the ducts as such.

Duct resection has been traditionally used to treat the condition; the original Hadfield procedure has been improved many times but long-term success rate remains poor even for radical surgery. Petersen even suggests that damage caused by previous surgery is a frequent cause of subareolar abscesses. Goepel and Pahnke and other authors recommend performing surgeries only with concomitant bromocriptine treatment.

Squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts

Squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts - abbreviated SMOLD is a change where the normal double layer cuboid epithelium of the lactiferous ducts is replaced by squamous keratinizing cell layers. The resulting epithelium is very similar to normal skin, hence some authors speak of epidermalization. SMOLD is rare in premenopausal women (possibly 0.1-3%) but more frequent (possibly up to 25%) in postmenopausal women where it does not cause any problems at all.

SMOLD appears to be a completely benign lesion and may exist without causing any symptoms. In principle it ought to be completely reversible as the classification as metaplasia would suggest. Because of difficulties in observing the actual changes and rare incidence of the lesion this does not appear to be documented.

The last section of the lactiferous ducts is always lined with squamous keratinizing epithelium which appears to have important physiological functions. For example, the keratin forms plugs sealing the duct entry and has bacteriostatic properties. In SMOLD the keratinizing lining which is supposed to form only the ends of the lactiferous ducts extends deep into the ducts.

SMOLD is distinct from squamous metaplasia that may occur in papilomatous hyperplasia. It is believed to be unrelated to squamous cell carcinoma of the breast which probably arises from different cell types.

The keratin plugs (debris) produced by SMOLD have been proposed as the cause for recurrent subareolar abscesses by causing secretory stasis. The epidermalized lining has also different permeability than the normal lining, hindering resorption of glandular secretions. The resorption is necessary to dispose of stalled secretions inside the duct - and at least equally important it affects osmotic balance which in turn is an important mechanism in the control of lactogenesis (this is relevant both in puerperal and nonpuerperal mastitis).

While in lactating women this would appear to be a very plausible pathogenesis, there is some uncertainty about the pathogenesis in non-lactating women where breast secretions should be apriori minimal. It appears pathologic stimulation of lactogenesis must be present as well to cause subareolar abscess and treatment success with bromocriptin appears to confirm this as compared to poor success rate of the usual antibiotic and surgical treatments documented by Hanavadi et al.

Further uncertainty in the relation of SMOLD and the subareolar abscess is that squamous metaplasia is very often caused by inflammatory processes. SMOLD could be the cause of the inflammation – or the result of a previous or longstanding inflammation.

SMOLD usually affects multiple ducts and frequently (relative to extremely low absolute prevalence) both breasts hence it is very likely that systemic changes such as hormonal interactions are involved.

At least the following factors have been considered in the aetiology of SMOLD: reactive change to chronic inflammation, systemic hormonal changes, smoking, dysregulation in beta-catenin expression, changes in retinoic acid and vitamin D metabolism or expression.

Vitamin A deficiency may cause epidermilization of the ducts and squamous metaplasia and likely also contributes to infection. Vitamin A deficiency has been observed to cause squamous metaplasia in many types of epithelia. However supplementation with Vitamin A would be beneficial only in exceptional cases because normally the local catabolism of vitamin A will be the regulating factor.

Squamous metaplasia of breast epithelia is known to be more prevalent in postmenopausal women (where it does not cause any problems at all). Staurosporine, a nonspecific protein kinase C inhibitor can induce squamous metaplasia in breast tissue while other known PKC inhibitors did not show this effect.  cAMP stimulation can also induce squamous metaplasia.

Research
Multiple imaging modalities may be necessary to evaluate abnormalities of the nipple-areolar complex.

In two studies performed in Japan, high-resolution MRI with a microscopy coil yielding 0.137-mm in-plane resolution has been used to confirm the presence of abscesses, isolated fistulas and inflammation and to reveal their position in order to guide surgery.

References

Further reading

Breast diseases


"You Can't Change That" is a song by Raydio from their second studio album Rock On. Released as a single in 1979, it reached #9 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and #3 on the soul chart.

Critical reception
Robert Hilburn of the Los Angeles Times called "You Can't Change That" a "good natured" tune that's one of "the album's high points". Craig Lytle of AllMusic also called the song "a laid-back yet very danceable track; it features the vocals of the mild-tempered Ray Parker Jr. and the distinctive tenor of Arnell Carmichael." Record World said it has a "a bit of a Spinners feel."

Personnel

Raydio
Arnell Carmichael – vocals
Ray Parker Jr. – vocals, keyboards, synthesizers

Additional personnel
Jack Ashford – percussion
Ollie E. Brown – drums, percussion, vocals
Charles Fearing – guitars
Larry Tolbert – drums, percussion
Cheryl Brown, Darren Carmichael, Valorie Jones, Francis Pearlman – background vocals

Chart history

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

External links
 Lyrics of this song

1979 singles
Ray Parker Jr. songs
Songs written by Ray Parker Jr.
Arista Records singles
1979 songs


Eurocom may refer to:
 Eurocom, a UK-based video game developer
 Eurocom Corporation, a Canadian laptop manufacturing company.
 Eurocom S.A., a marketing company that merged into Euro RSCG, later Havas Worldwide

See also

 Eurecom, a French university


Hispaniola Airways was an airline from the Dominican Republic, that operated flights to Europe and the United  States out of its base at Puerto Plata Airport. The company was founded in 1981 and disestablished in 2000.  Hispaniola operated Boeing 707, Boeing 720, Douglas DC-8 and Sud Aviation Caravelle jetliners.

Destinations

Hispaniola Airways offered scheduled passenger flights to the following destinations:

 Puerto Plata - Puerto Plata La Union Airport  base

 Madrid - Barajas International Airport

 London - London Heathrow Airport

 Miami - Miami International Airport
 New York City - John F. Kennedy International Airport

Incidents
On 16 December 1981 at 12:16 local time, a Hispaniola Airways Boeing 707 (registered HI-384HA) was damaged beyond repair when its right main landing gear collapsed upon landing at Miami International Airport. The aircraft had been on a positioning flight from Puerto Plata with only five crew members on board, none of which was severely injured.

References

Defunct airlines of the Dominican Republic
Airlines established in 1981
Airlines disestablished in 2000


Eugénie Mouchon-Niboyet (September 10, 1796 – January 6, 1883) was a French author, journalist and early feminist. She is best known for founding La Voix des Femmes (The Women's Voice), the first feminist daily newspaper in France.

She is a distant direct ancestor of Russian-Franco-American journalist Vladimir Posner.

Biography

Youth and family background
Eugenie Niboyet, named Eugenie Mouchon at birth, was born on September 10, 1796, in Montpellier, France. Eugenie wrote about her own family background in the last part of her literary work, The Real Book of Women (Le vrai livre des femmes): "I come from a literate family with origins from Geneva, Switzerland," she wrote before emphasizing the importance of her grandfather Pierre Mouchon, an erudite pastor in Geneva and contributor to the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d’Alembert.
Only afterward did she mention her father, who came to France to study at the Faculty of Medicine of Montpellier, and her mother by simply stating, "He married the daughter of a pastor from Gar," which indicated a Protestant origin. At the beginning of her book, Eugénie emphasized the importance of her family’s origins in Geneva, the importance of her father relative to new ideas from the French Revolution but also relative to moderation, and his "refusal of excess," which led to him having to take refuge in the Cevennes to avoid execution.

Her father raised her three brothers in "the respect and love" of Napoleon Bonaparte. Louis, aide-de-camp to the French General Teste, died in the battle of the Moskwa, Russia. Emile, a health officer, was taken prisoner in Dresden, Germany. During the Bourbon Restoration, the family lived in Lyon. Eugenie was marked for life by the arrest of some of her family members, and by her visits to the prison. That did not stop her from affirming that, "during that time, my religion was The Empire, my idol was Napoleon I."

Eugénie had two sisters, Aline and Elisa, to whom she later wrote: "We do not write for the narrow minds who want to confine women to the household. Women no longer have to buy their freedom, but to exercise it."

Marriage and motherhood
In her autobiography, Eugénie emphasized the commitment of her family to Napoleon as one reason for the choice of her husband: "As a Child of the Empire, I could not marry anyone but an imperialist." Eugenie was 26 years old at the time of her Protestant marriage to Paul-Louis Niboyet on October 8, 1822. Paul-Louis was a brilliant lawyer aged 30 years, and his father was Jean Niboyet, knighted in 1810 and loyal to Napoleon. The married couple resided in Mâcon, a town in the Burgundy region of France, where Paul-Louis practiced the law profession. On June 22, 1825, their only child, a son named Jean Alexandre Paulin Niboyet, was born.

Debut as a writer
Arriving in Paris on November 4, 1829, she began to make a living as a writer. In 1830, she participated in a writing contest of la Société de la morale chrétienne (the Society of Christian Morality). She focused on the theme of The blind and their education, her writing received favorable notices, and she ultimately shared the contest prize with M. Duffaut.

Society of Christian Morality
She joined the Protestant organization called the "Society of Christian Morality" and got involved in many social issues: prison reform; education reform; and the abolition of slavery in French colonies.

The Saint-Simonians

In 1830, the Society of Christian Morality shared its conference rooms with the Saint-Simonians. Eugénie attended the sermons of the Saint-Simonians and, inspired by their ideas, followed their movement with her husband and son, both of whom she persuaded to join. On July 20, 1830, Barthelemy Prosper Enfantin, one of the founders of Saint-Simonianism, appointed four women members of the college: Aglae Saint-Hilaire, Caroline Simon, Madame Collard and Eugenie Niboyet. They were charged with the responsibility of preaching to the workers but also to bring them aid and education. In 1831, Eugénie and Sebastien Bottiau were in charge of the Saint-Simonian section of the 4th and 5th arrondissements of Paris.

The conflict between the two Fathers, Saint-Amand Bazard and Barthelemy Prosper Enfantin, and the desire of the latter to radically change the rules of sexual morality by establishing the community of women, as well as the schism between Bazard and the radically religious positions held by Enfantin, provoked numerous divergences between the two men. Eugénie ultimately distanced herself from the movement, but without disowning its ideas about the economy.

Debut of women’s journalism
With the Saint-Simonian proletarians, she was part of the group of women who participated in the first periodical written entirely by women: La Femme libre (The free woman), created by Marie-Reine Guindorf and Desiree Veret.

Fourierism
Like the two founders and participants in the first issues of The Free Woman, she drew closer to the movement of the philosopher Charles Fourier, who presented the treatment of women as the truest measure of social progress. In particular, she went to meet with Flora Tristan.

Female publisher and Inventor
Back in Lyon in 1833, Eugenie founded the first feminist periodical outside the Paris region with a publication titled The Women's Advisor (Le Conseiller des femmes), a weekly without illustrations printed by Boitel, followed for a few months by The Lyonese Mosaic (La Mosaïque Lyonnaise). Then she participated in the creation of The Athenaeum of Women (L’Athénée des femmes) in 1834. She was Editor in Chief of Peace of the two worlds, echo of peace, commerce, industry, sciences, literature and arts society" (La Paix des deux mondes, écho des sociétés de la paix, du commerce, de l'industrie, des sciences, de la littérature et des arts) from 15 February to 17 October 1844.

In July 1836, back in Paris, Eugénie founded The Gazette of Women (La Gazette des femmes) with the help of friends such as Charles Fredric Herbinot de Mauchamps.
A sort of club, bringing together editors and subscribers, met to support and manage the newspaper, but also to discuss particular issues including the struggle for political and civil rights of women. Eugénie gathered many women during these weekly meetings on Thursdays at 27 Rue Lafite. There one could meet Flora Tristan, Hortense Allart, Anais Segalas and many other feminists.

In July 1838 she also obtained a 10 year patent for an indelible ink.

Militant feminist politics
The revolution of 1848 gave new hope to feminism, including the lifting of restrictions on meetings, thereby allowing the development of groups that advocated for women's rights.

In March 1848, Eugénie Niboyet founded and ran a newspaper dealing only with women’s issues. The Voice of Women (La Voix des femmes), subtitled "a socialist and political newspaper representing all women’s interests," was the first French feminist daily newspaper. Following the model of the club of The Gazette of Women (La Gazette des femmes), The Voice of Women soon joined a political club which included many feminists already involved with small pre-existing publications. Eugénie managed to assemble many women already involved in the feminist struggle such as Jeanne Deroin, Desiree Gay, Suzanne Voilquin, Elisa Lemonnier, and Anais Segalas, but also popular authors such as Gabrielle Soumet, Amelie Prai, and Adèle Esquiros. This movement was no longer reserved only for women as men also contributed, such as Jean Mace and Paulin Niboyet, Eugénie’s son.

The club promoted a very large catalog of reforms favorable to women, as much in the domestic realm as in the political. Extending the right to vote to all men provoked a resounding initiative when, on April 6, The Voice of Women nominated the candidacy of George Sand to the French Constituent Assembly. Sand disavowed this initiative and harshly judged these women whom she claimed not to know. Satirical cartoonists lampooned Eugénie and the journalists of The Voice of Women. The brouhaha created by this matter was overwhelming, such that people turned against the promoters of this initiative, and the government decided to end women's clubs. On June 20, Eugénie Niboyet, discouraged and hurt, ceased publication of The Voice of Women, and the feminists dispersed to avoid repression.

End of life
Eugenie Niboyet retired from public life and went into exile in Geneva, where she lived with difficulty doing translations of Charles Dickens and children's books published by Lydia Maria Child and Maria Edgeworth. Nevertheless, she took up the pen again after the "Paris Commune" to support requests for pardons of convicts.

In 1860, Eugénie Niboyet returned to France, where she published The True Book of Women (Le Vrai livre des femmes) in 1863. Her letters to Leon Richer, the editor of The Rights of Women (Le Droit des femmes), attest to the fact that she always remained interested in the feminist movement. In 1878, at the age of 82 years, she was honored at the feminist congress in Paris.

Eugénie Niboyet died in Paris on January 6, 1883.

Publications

 De la nécessité d'abolir la peine de mort (The necessity to abolish the death penalty), Paris, Louis Babeuf, 1836. 35 p.
 Des aveugles et de leur éducation (The blind and their education), Paris, P.-H. Krabbe, 1837, 200 p.
 (Article) De la réforme du système pénitentiaire en France (The French penitenciary system reform), Paris, Charpentier, Leclerc, 1838.
 Dieu manifesté par les œuvres de la création (God manifested in the works of creation), Paris, Didier, 1842.
 Lucien, Paris, Langlois et Leclercq , 1845, 1 vol., 144 p.
 (Novel) Catherine II et ses filles d'honneur (Catherine II and her girls of honor), Paris, Dentu, 1847.
 Le Vrai Livre des Femmes (The True Book of Women) by Mrs. Eugenie Niboyet, E. Dentu, Paris, 1863, 245 pages.
 Les Borotin ; La chanoinesse. - Une seconde Borgia'' (The Borotin; The canoness. - A second Borgia), Paris, E. Dentu, 1879, 223 p.

Tributes
She is honoured in the names of:
 Eugenie Niboyet Nursery, 42 rue Joliot Curie, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
 Allée Eugénie Niboyet, Saint-Nazaire, France.
 Allée Eugènie Niboyet, Lyon, France.

Appendices

See Wikisource: Eugenie Niboyet.

See also

The Role of Women in France in 1848 (Place des femmes en France en 1848)

Bibliography

Chronological List

 F. Rude, "Eugenie Niboyet" article in A Fabulous Destiny, Flora Tristan [Un fabuleux destin, Flora Tristan], submitted by Sebastien Michaud, EUD, 1985, p. 143-143.
 Michèle Riot-Sarcey, History and Autobiography: "The True Book of Women" by Eugenie Niboyet in Images of Self: Autobiography and Self-Portrait in the Nineteenth Century, in the central review of revolutionary and romantic research, Volume 17, No. 56, Clermont-Ferrand, 1987, pp. 59–68 ().
 Michel Cordillot, An unpublished manuscript from Charles Fourier to Eugenie Niboyet, Cahiers Charles Fourier, No. 2, December 1991, pp. 3–8 Fourier site link.
 Maurice Agulhon, The Nineteenth Century and the French Revolution, Historical Society of the Revolution of 1848 and of Revolutions of the Nineteenth Century (France), University of Paris X: Nanterre, Creaphis Editions, 1992 pp. 207–216, 1992 Google Books link.
 Michèle Riot-Sarcey, Democracy-Resistant Women: Three Figures Critical of the Government, 1830-1848, A. Michel, 1994, (Google Books link).
 Genevieve Poujol, Feminism Under Guardianship: French Protestant Women, 1810-1960, Editions de Paris, 2003 (), Google Books link.
 Flora Tristan, Stephane Michaud, Mario Vargas Llosa, Flora Tristan, The Pariah and Her Dream, 2nd Edition, Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle, 2003, pp. 53, 55, 65, 153, 312, 318, 319 (Google Books link).

Notes and references

Sources

Fourierists
French feminists
19th-century French journalists
French Protestants
French abolitionists
Saint-Simonists
French socialists
French socialist feminists
1799 births
1883 deaths
19th-century French translators
19th-century French women writers
19th-century French essayists


Maryland State Department of Education (MSDE) is a division of the state government of Maryland in the United States. The agency oversees public school districts, which are 24 local school systems—one for each of Maryland's 23 counties plus one for Baltimore City. Maryland has more than 1,400 public schools in 24 public school systems, with a 2019 enrollment of approximately 900,000. Of the student body, 42% are on FARMS (i.e., qualify for Free And Reduced Meals) and 22% are Title 1 (i.e., schools with high percentages of poor children).

MSDE is led by the State Superintendent of Schools and receives guidance from the Maryland State Board of Education.
The agency is headquartered in downtown Baltimore at 200 West Baltimore Street (off North Liberty Street/Hopkins Place, just west of Charles Center)  in the Nancy Grasmick Building.

School districts
The largest school districts in Maryland are:

History

1800s
The first superintendent of schools for the State of Maryland was authorized in 1865 by the General Assembly of Maryland under the third and revolutionary/radical Maryland Constitution of 1864 ratified briefly under the  Unionist / Radical Republican Party then in power in the state and nationally during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and continuing into the post-war Reconstruction era of the late 1860s and into the 1870s. The new appointive office continued to be supplemented later with the creation of a State Board of Education to supervise the various levels of activity in public education among the various then-22 counties of Maryland (plus Baltimore City - an independent municipality recognized with the status of a county) which all had widely different situations from the Appalachian Mountains and the Blue Ridge in the Western panhandle to the  Chesapeake Bay and adjacent rural counties of the southern portion of the "Free State" to the Potomac River and the Eastern Shore (Delmarva peninsula) to the short North Atlantic Ocean coast. Several different funding levels and growing opportunities for elementary/grammar schools, intermediate/junior high/middle schools, and high schools/secondary education, with Baltimore City (public schools authorized by the state in 1826 and finally opened by the city in 1829 with first four schools (2 boys and 2 girls). In 1839, a high school opened for boys only, known first as "The High School"; it is the third oldest public high school in the United States and the oldest in the state. The high school later became known as the Male High School in 1844 with the opening then of two public high schools for girls, Eastern and Western, then known as the "Central High School of Baltimore" since 1850 for near 20 years and finally renamed B.C.C. in 1868.

Then rural, sparsely-populated Baltimore County instituted small one-room schools in wood-frame buildings beginning in the 1850s, supplementing the original colonial era "free schools" nominally established with only one in each of the counties. Baltimore County was second in the state with the first and only public high school in the newly purchased old Franklin Academy in Reisterstown becoming as Franklin High School in the 1850s. They were followed by secondary schools in the county seat of Towson as Towson High School in 1873.

A "Negro" / "Colored" (now African-American) elementary school was authorized in 1867, after a long controversy and public demand by the free black population of the, supplemented in 1883 by a "Colored High School" - second oldest in the nation next to Dunbar High School in Washington, D.C. Baltimore's new secondary school for its large free blacks population grew to be a crowning academic/cultural and social achievement for the formerly enslaved people over the following decades. The "Colored High" was later renamed Frederick Douglass High School in 1925, recalling its earliest beginnings as the independent private Douglass Institute founded in 1865, immediately after the Civil War on the 400 block of East Lexington Street, by Davis Street alley, on the north side around the corner from the Battle Monument from the War of 1812. It was located between North Calvert and North Streets (later renamed Guilford Avenue) in the former Newton University adjacent townhouse buildings. Founded in the 1840s, Newton's buildings served as a hospital for Union Army wounded in the recent strife. Former Baltimorean and escaped slave Frederick Douglass himself presided over the dedication ceremonies in September 1865 and later frequently lectured at the Institute. The Institute endured 18 years until the establishment by the City Schools system with a small struggling high school after continuous pressure and campaign for African-American schooling opportunities.

Then "polytechnical" / schools for "manual training" were founded in 1883, with the "Baltimore Manual Training School" (later renamed 1893 as the "Baltimore Polytechnic Institute" ("Poly").

1900s
A second high school for Negroes was established in 1910 and, in the next decade, was renamed the Paul Laurence High School for East Baltimore. A new nationally popular lower form of secondary education with junior high schools for lower grades 7, 8, and 9 was instituted in 1920. Supplementing the four academic citywide single sex schools, then were neighborhood comprehensive "co-educational" ("co-ed") high schools opened-1922, beginning with (Forest Park High School in the northwest part of the city and later Southern High School by Federal Hill in old South Baltimore. New types of vocational-technical schools were established in the 1920s, reorganized and reconstructed in 1955 with Carver Vocational-Technical High School on Presstman Street in West Baltimore's Sandtown-Winchester neighborhood and followed by the merger of several previous vocational institutions and renamed as Mergenthaler Vocational-Technical High School on Hillen Road by Lake Montebello in the northeast city.

The state's practice of segregated schools ended in 1954, with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education that segregated schools violated the U.S. Constitution.

The junior high schools were reorganized into middle schools lowered to include grades 6, 7, and 8 in the early 1980s, and surrounding suburban Baltimore County also led the way along with Anne Arundel County to the south of the city.

This slow growth of public education was later joined by Montgomery and Prince George's counties as the Washington, D.C. suburban region began reaching out into surrounding Maryland following World War II. By the 1970s, with the acceptance of various constitutional amendments to the old fourth and last/current 1867 Constitution of Maryland, from the various articles and sections submitted to the voters in various referendums after the failure of the newly revised 1967 Constitution proposed by the recent 1966  constitutional convention which was held to modernize the old 1867 Civil War era state charter, contained provisions to set up an executive cabinet-level Department of Education for the State, along with the revamped structure of state government under the governorship of Marvin Mandel, who reorganized the Maryland executive departments structure using the best of the 1966-1967 Constitutional elements by pushing them through "piece-meal" then passed by the General Assembly of Maryland (state legislature) of whom he was a long-time leader in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Rankings
In 2009, the Maryland state public schools system was ranked #1 in the nation overall as a result of three separate, independent studies conducted by publications  Education Week, Newsweek, and MGT of America. "Education Week" has ranked Maryland public education #1 in the nation for two years in a row, since 2008. "Education Week", the nation's leading education newspaper, looked at data in six critical categories over the past two years and placed Maryland's state education system at the very top of national rankings. Maryland placed at the top of the list in "Education Week"'''s annual "Quality Counts" tally, with the nation's only B+ average. The new report found that no other state has a more consistent record of excellence than Maryland. Results for the State were above average in all six broad grade categories and ranked in the top seven in five of the six categories. According to "Newsweek" magazine, Maryland public schools rank first in the nation in the percentage of high schools offering—and students taking—college-level courses. The College Board ranked Maryland's public school system first in the nation amongst students earning a score of three or higher on national AP exams.
The state budget for education was $5.5 billion in 2009.

School assessment
The Maryland School Assessment'' (MSA) is a test of reading and math meeting NCLB requirements. Grades 3-8 are tested in math and reading, and grades 5 and 8 are tested in science. However, Maryland is field testing the Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers this spring that is made specifically for the Common Core State Standards Initiative. Maryland plans to end the usage of MSA and expand the PARCC Assessment the following year. Maryland substituted PARCC for the MCAP during SY 2018–2019.

Former superintendents

 Nancy Grasmick served as state superintendent of schools from 1991 to 2011.
 Lillian M. Lowery served as superintendent of the department from 2012 until 2015.
 Jack R. Smith served as interim Superintendent of the Department from 2015 until June 2016.
 Karen Salmon served as superintendent of the department from May 2016 until June 2021

References

External links

 Maryland Report Card — MSDE public schools performance and data
 2017 Maryland Report Card
 Public Use Data for Download
 Maryland Selected State Resources at the United States Department of Education
 MDSE Division of Rehabilitation Services (DORS)

Education, State Department of
Education, State Department of
State departments of education of the United States