Gibraltar is a rural community of the Halifax Regional Municipality in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia on Nova Scotia Route 357, approximately 15 km north of Musquodoboit Harbour.

Recreation and facilities
There are no permanent residents here, but it is the northern terminus of the Musquodoboit Trailway, a 14.5 km multi-use rail-to-trail. In addition, two of the Musquodoboit Trailways' wilderness trails, namely the North Granite Ridge Trail and the Gibraltar Rock Trail, begin here.

References

 Explore HRM

Communities in Halifax, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Pace count beads or ranger beads are a manual counting tool used to keep track of distance traveled through a pace count. It is used in military land navigation or orienteering. A typical example for military use is keeping track of distance traveled during a foot patrol.

Description
The tool is usually constructed using a set of 13 beads on a length of cord. The beads are divided into two sections, separated by a knot. Nine beads are used in the lower section, and four or more beads are used in the upper section. There is often a loop in the upper end, making it possible to attach the tool to the user's gear with a simple Larks head hitch.

Usage
The beads can be used to count paces or a distance calculated from the number of paces. Both methods require the user to know the relationship between the paces walked, and the distance traveled. There are two main ways to use the beads. One is to represent the distance a person has walked, and the other is to represent the distance they need to walk. In the latter, beads may be used to count down the distance to a destination.

Counting paces
As users walk, they typically slide one bead on the cord for every ten paces taken. On the tenth pace, the user slides a bead in the lower section towards the knot. After the 90th pace, all nine beads are against the knot. On the 100th pace, all nine beads in the lower section are returned away from the knot, and a bead from the upper section is slid upwards, away from the knot.

In this manner, the user calculates the distance traveled by keeping track of the paces taken. To use this method, the user must know the length of their pace to calculate the distance accurately traveled. Also, the number of paces to be walked must be precalculated (example: 2,112 paces= one mile, based on a 30-inch pace), and then the distance traveled has to be calculated from the walked paces.

Distance walked
For every 100 meters the user walks, one of the lower beads is pulled down. When the ninth of the lower beads is pulled, the user has walked 900 meters. When the user has walked 1000 meters, one of the upper beads is pulled down, and all the lower beads are pulled back up.

Using this method, the user must know the number of paces walked in 100 meters. An experienced user can also adapt the pace count for each hundred meter depending on the terrain. When using this method, the user does not have to calculate distance from the number of paces.

This method can, of course, be used for non-metric distances as well, though with the beads arranged in a different manner.

References

Beadwork
Length, distance, or range measuring devices
Mechanical calculators
Military personal equipment
Navigational equipment
Numeral systems


María Elena Villapol Blanca (born November 16, 1967) is a retired female judoka from Venezuela. She competed for her native South American country at the 1992 Summer Olympics, where she was eliminated in the quarterfinals of the Women's Extra-Lightweight (– 48 kg) division. Villapol claimed a total number of three bronze medals during her career at the Pan American Games.

References
sports-reference

1967 births
Living people
Venezuelan female judoka
Judoka at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Judoka at the 1991 Pan American Games
Judoka at the 1995 Pan American Games
Olympic judoka for Venezuela
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Venezuela
Pan American Games medalists in judo
Medalists at the 1983 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1991 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1995 Pan American Games
20th-century Venezuelan women
21st-century Venezuelan women


Raymond Foley (born 21 September 1980) is an Irish television host and radio presenter.
Having worked at Dublin's 98FM and SPIN 1038 early in his career, Foley moved to Today FM in 2004. In 2006, he moved to midday and presented The Ray Foley Show, with sidekick JP Gilbourne and Adelle McDonnell. He hosted the breakfast slot on 98FM from October 2012 until December 2015. He also hosts TV dating show Take Me Out on TV3. On Friday 12 October 2012, Foley and JP announced on the show that both of them would be transferring to Today FM's sister station 98FM to present the breakfast show. They both have expressed how difficult the decision was for them, due to their fondness of their workmates and friends in Today FM.
In 2022, Foley returned to Today FM with an afternoon show from 2pm - 4:30pm.

Early career
Following an entry in the DJ For a Day competition on 2FM (on Tony Fenton's Hotline show) in 1997, Foley got a taste for broadcasting. This led to him beginning his studies as a journalist in Dublin Institute of Technology, from which he graduated in October 2004 While there he started working at East Coast FM, and thence moved to 98FM and as a newsreader on Lite FM, before moving to SPIN 1038, "to get re-acquainted with presenting again". While there, he presented The Zoo Crew with Clionadh O'Leary on week nights.

Today FM career
In 2004, at the age of 23, Foley moved to Today FM and began presenting late night show, The Blast, from 22:00 to 00:00, Monday to Thursday, with his college friend, JP Gilbourne, from Dundalk. Foley and JP regularly filled-in for Ray D'Arcy, Tony Fenton and Tom Dunne during this time. When the radio schedule was changed in 2006, Foley moved to a midday slot, which was vacated by Tony Fenton. Foley was disciplined by Irish authorities when he broadcast the Lily Allen song "Fuck You Very Much" on lunchtime radio in 2008.

Today FM afternoon show (2006–2012, 2022-present)

For 6 years Foley broadcast during the 12:00 to 14:30 time slot on Today FM, directly after The Ray D'Arcy Show. The tagline for the show was "Just a bit of fun for your lunchtime, nothing too serious". The show consisted of taking calls from listeners on random topics, chart music and some regular spots, along with the National Lunchtime News from 12:45 to 13:00. Sometimes contributors included Ann Gleeson, Alan Metcalfe (Funky Phone Boy Al) and reviewer Eoghan Doherty (Nordy Eoghan).

Essential Rock Anthems
In 2009, Foley and JP presented The Essential Rock Anthems in "The Essential..." slot on Sunday Nights 19:00 – 20:00. This was so popular, that they presented two further shows, which then became a regular almost monthly feature of the slot. In November 2009, Ray Foley and JP's Essential Rock Anthems CD was launched, a two-CD collection, including tracks from artists such as Meat Loaf, Therapy?, Pixies, Thin Lizzy, Whitesnake, Motörhead, Placebo, Blondie, Radiohead, The Knack, Status Quo, The Jam and Journey.

98FM (2012–2015)
On 12 October 2012, it was announced that Ray and JP were leaving Today FM to host the breakfast show on 98FM. Following their departure from the station, former evening presenter KC started as their replacement.

On 22 December 2015 the Irish Independent reported that his 98FM show would finish up on 24 December. He has since been replaced by Steven Cooper and Luke O'Faolain.

TV3 career
Foley eventually broke into television. He became the Irish Paddy McGuinness by presenting Take Me Out. Seán Munsanje from Xposé took him shopping to style him for the job. He was also mentioned in relation to The Apprentice.

Awards
Foley won a Meteor Music Award for Best National DJ in 2008, 2009 and again in 2010. Foley celebrated winning the 2008 award by singing a version of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'", and in 2009 with the theme tune to TV's Home and Away as part of his acceptance speech. In 2008 he launched a successful daily campaign to dethrone namesake Ray D'Arcy.

Foley achieved the PPI Radio Award's Music Broadcaster of the Year Award in 2009 and 2010. Also in 2009 Foley and JP won the award for Best Specialist Music Programme for their Sunday evening show, The Essential Rock Anthems with Ray & JP.

|-
| 2008 || Ray Foley || Best Irish DJ at the Meteor Awards ||
|-
| 2009 || Ray Foley || Best Irish DJ at the Meteor Awards ||
|-
| 2009 || Ray Foley || Music Broadcaster of the Year Award at the PPI Irish Radio Awards ||
|-
| 2009 || Ray Foley and JP || Best Specialist Music Programme at the PPI Irish Radio Awards ||
|-
| 2010 || Ray Foley || Best Irish DJ at the Meteor Awards ||
|-
| 2011 || Ray Foley || Music Broadcaster of the Year at the PPI Irish Radio Awards ||
|-
| 2012 || Ray Foley || Music Broadcaster of the Year at the PPI Irish Radio Awards ||
|-
| 2012 || Ray Foley || General Music Programme at the PPI Irish Radio Awards ||
|-
| 2013 || Ray Foley || Music Broadcaster of the Year at the PPI Irish Radio Awards ||
|-

Personal life

Foley married RTÉ 2fm newsreader Kate Carolan in 2007. They met while working at SPIN 1038. He proposed to Carolan on O'Connell Street in Dublin City Centre and they spent their honeymoon attending the Oxegen Music Festival. On Monday 2 April 2012, Foley announced on-air that Kate had given birth to their first child on 1 April 2012. Foley announced the birth of their second child in June 2014.

References

External links
 Ray Foley's blog

1980 births
Living people
Dublin's 98FM presenters
Alumni of Dublin Institute of Technology
East Coast FM presenters
Irish DJs
Irish game show hosts
SPIN 1038 presenters
Today FM presenters
Virgin Media Television (Ireland) presenters
People from Ballina, County Mayo
Electronic dance music DJs
Broadcasters from County Mayo


Donald Robinson (4 June 1932 – 27 May 2017) was an English World Cup winning professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, and coached in the 1960s and 1970s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England, Yorkshire and Rugby League XIII, and at club level for St Joseph's School, Airedale Youth Club, Fryston Colliery, Kippax Juniors, Newmarket Colliery, Wakefield Trinity (Heritage No. 584) (captain), Leeds and Doncaster (Heritage No. 227), as a  or , i.e. number 3 or 4, 8 or 10, 11 or 12, or 13, during the era of contested scrums, and coached at Doncaster and Bramley (late-1970s).

Background
Robinson was born in Castleford, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, he died aged 84, and his funeral took place at 12:30 pm on Thursday 15 June 2017 at St. Mary Magdalene's Church, Altofts, Normanton.

Playing career

International honours
Don Robinson represented the Rugby League XIII while at Wakefield Trinity in 1951 against France, and in 1954 against Australasia, won caps for England while at Wakefield Trinity in 1951 against France, in 1955 against Other Nationalities, and while at Leeds in 1956 against France, and won caps for Great Britain while at Wakefield Trinity in the 1954 Rugby League World Cup against France, New Zealand, and Australia, and France, in 1955 against New Zealand, and while at Leeds in 1956 against Australia (2 matches), in 1959 against Australia (2 matches); including scoring the fastest try ever scored in a Test match in the 11–10 victory over Australia, in the second, and levelling Test match at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds, and in 1960 against France.

Don Robinson played ats a  in all four of Great Britain's 1954 Rugby League World Cup matches, including Great Britain's 16–12 victory over France in the 1954 Rugby League World Cup Final at Parc des Princes, Paris on 13 November 1954 and was named man of the match. For his participation in these four matches, Don Robinson was paid a total of £25 (based on increases in average earnings, this would be approximately £1,493 in 2013).

Don Robinson also represented Great Britain while at Leeds between 1952 and 1956 against France (1 non-Test match).

County honours
Don Robinson was selected for Yorkshire County XIII whilst at Wakefield Trinity during the 1951/52; including against New Zealand, 1954/55 and 1955/56 seasons.

Championship final appearances
Don Robinson played left-, i.e. number 8, in Leeds' 25–10 victory over Warrington in the Championship Final during the 1960–61 season at Odsal Stadium, Bradford on Saturday 20 May 1961, in front of a crowd of 52,177.

Challenge Cup Final appearances
Don Robinson played right-, i.e. number 12, and scored a try in Leeds' 9–7 victory over Barrow in the 1956–57 Challenge Cup Final during the 1956–57 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 11 May 1957, in front of a crowd of 76,318, he played the match with the fractured wrist he had sustained in the previous week's 12–22 defeat by Oldham in the Championship semi-final, the initial diagnosis was that he would be unable to play for up to four months, the doctors at the Leeds General Infirmary developed a special cast, and his injury was kept secret.

County Cup Final appearances
Don Robinson played right-, i.e. number 12, and scored a try in Wakefield Trinity's 17–3 victory over Keighley in the 1951–52 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1951–52 season at Fartown Ground, Huddersfield on Saturday 27 October 1951, played left-, i.e. number 11, in Leeds' 24–20 victory over by Wakefield Trinity in the 1958–59 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1958–59 season at Odsal Stadium, Bradford on Saturday 18 October 1958, and played left-, i.e. number 8, in the 9–19 defeat by Wakefield Trinity in the 1961–62 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1961–62 season at Odsal Stadium, Bradford on Saturday 11 November 1961

Notable tour matches
Don Robinson played, and scored a try in Leeds' victory over Australia in the 1956–57 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and France match at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds.

Club career
Don Robinson is the second youngest player (behind Jordan Crowther) to make his début as a forward for Wakefield Trinity, aged 17-years and 9-months, he made his début against Dewsbury in the 1949–50 Challenge Cup replay during the 1949–50 season at Crown Flatt, Dewsbury on Wednesday 1 March 1950, he was transferred from Wakefield Trinity to Leeds in January 1956, with Fred Smith going the other way. In addition, Wakefield Trinity also received £3,000 (based on increases in average earnings, this would be approximately £155,300 in 2013), he made his début for Leeds, and scored a try, against York on Saturday 4 February 1956, during the 1957–58 season he played in each of Leeds' 43 league, and cup matches, becoming the first Leeds player to complete an ever-present campaign in the post-World War II period.

Genealogical information
Don Robinson was the oldest brother of Irene Robinson (birth registered during first ¼ 1934 in Pontefract district), and Brian Robinson (birth registered during second ¼ 1938 in Pontefract district), he was also the brother-in-law of the rugby league footballer Ron Evans through Evan's marriage to Irene Robinson.

References

External links
(archived by web.archive.org) Floodlit feast at Odsal
Leeds Rhinos and Wakefield Trinity in mourning after death of Don Robinson
Obituary – Don Robinson
Don Robinson RIP

1932 births
2017 deaths
Bramley R.L.F.C. coaches
Doncaster R.L.F.C. coaches
Doncaster R.L.F.C. players
England national rugby league team players
English rugby league coaches
English rugby league players
Great Britain national rugby league team players
Leeds Rhinos players
Rugby league centres
Rugby league locks
Rugby league players from Castleford
Rugby league props
Rugby league second-rows
Rugby League XIII players
Wakefield Trinity captains
Wakefield Trinity players
Yorkshire rugby league team players


Martin Welz is a South African journalist and the editor of Noseweek magazine. He is best known for his investigative work on controversial issues including government and corporate corruption.

Early life
Martin Sylvester Welz was born on 19 October 1945 in Worcester, Western Cape, South Africa. He was the fourth son of artist Jean Welz, born in Salzburg, Austria 1900. His mother is Inger Marie Welz (née Christensen), born in Odense, Denmark, in 1908.

Career

Sunday Times
A report by Welz while he was working for the Sunday Times from 1977–1981 saw an R180-million defamation claim instituted against himself and the paper by Lebanese businessman Salim el Hajj. El Hajj had been accused by Welz of a series of frauds in the then-black "homelands". El Hajj fled the country before the case got to court. Welz also worked on South Africa's "Muldergate" Information scandal and helped expose wrongdoing by apartheid-era cabinet ministers, inter alia revealing that both Minister of Manpower and Energy Fanie Botha and State President Nico Diederichs was secretly bankrupt while in office. In 1981–82, Welz was appointed Parliamentary correspondent for Sunday Express, Johannesburg. While at the Express, he won the Stellenbosch farmers' Winery Award (1983) for a series exposing the corrupt pharmaceutical empire established by businessmen Isaac Kay and David Tabatznik.

Noseweek
Noseweek was founded in Cape Town, South Africa, in June 1993.  It contains a minimal amount of advertising and has survived and grown mainly on its sales.

Lawsuits

Dr. Robert Milton Hall
The first lawsuit against the magazine was brought in 1994 by Dr. Robert Milton Hall, an American tax refugee and millionaire dentist living in Stellenbosch, Western Cape. The trial was in 1996 in the Cape High Court before Judge Johann Conradie.  Noseweek had, inter alia, pointed out Dr. Hall's fraudulent claims to be the "inventor of modern-day dentistry", and his ongoing foreign exchange and tax contraventions.

The magazine was represented by an attorney and advocates and Welz represented himself.  Noseweek and Welz won the case.  Judge Johann Conradie presided and in his judgment found that Dr. Hall, "... sued not to salvage his reputation but to sustain a colossal fraud."  This litigation put the magazine on ice for approximately two years and nearly bankrupted it. It was relaunched thanks to the voluntary contributions of scores of its loyal readers.

FirstRand Bank
In 2007 Welz represented himself in a court action brought by the FirstRand group to prevent Noseweek from publishing a list of FirstRand clients allegedly involved in a dubious offshore investment scheme. The action was dismissed with costs.

Inge Peacock
Cape Town businesswoman, Inge Peacock, sued Noseweek and Martin Welz in March 2012. Judge Andre Le Grange of the Cape High Court dismissed Peacock's case with costs, but stated that the plaintiff may pursue damages for defamation against Noseweek.  The resulting publicity created a "Streisand effect" after the mainstream press picked up the story.

Weapons whistleblower
In 2008 Welz reported that a ship due to dock in Durban harbour carried a shipment of Chinese weapons bound for Zimbabwe.
News of the $1.245 million, 77-ton shipment came via what Welz described as "a whistleblower of conscience," who supplied Noseweek with a commercial invoice, bill of lading and packing list for the shipment.

Awards
 South African Union of Journalists Thomas Pringle Award for Press Freedom.
 Special mention, 2002 Nat Nakasa Award for Media Integrity & Courageous Journalism.
 Joint business category winner, 2004 Mondi Paper Magazine Awards.
 Honorary award for promoting corporate governance through investigative journalism, 2007 Sanlam Financial Journalist of the Year competition.

References

Living people
1945 births
South African journalists
South African editors
South African magazine editors
People from Worcester, South Africa


Brigadier-General Charles Mark Clement Rudkin DSO (12 November 1872 – 30 December 1957)
was a British soldier, barrister, agriculturist, determined traveller and Liberal Party politician.

Family
Rudkin was born in County Louth in 1872, the son of Major H W Rudkin.  His family is said to have come from Corries in County Carlow. He remained single until late in life when, on 29 September 1939, aged 66, at Ninfield Church in Sussex, he married Marie  the daughter of Thomas Russell from Ascog in Argyll and Bute a Deputy Lieutenant of Bute.

Career

Soldier
Rudkin served in the South African War. He was aide-de-camp to Paul Methuen, 3rd Baron Methuen and went on to command an Artillery brigade between 1899 and 1902. He was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with four clasps and the King's South Africa Medal with two clasps. He commanded the Royal Artillery Reserve at the Coronation of King George V in 1911. He received the 1902 and 1911 Coronation Medals for his role in the coronation parades.

Rudkin served in the European theatre of the First World War from 1914 to 1918, in France, Belgium, and Italy. He commanded an Artillery Division at Ypres, the Somme, and on Asiago Plateau in Italy. During these campaigns Rudkin was wounded twice. He was twice mentioned in despatches and received the Distinguished Service Order in 1918, the 1914 Star and two Italian awards, the Medaglia al Valore and the Croce di Guerra. He ended his military career with the rank of Brigadier-General.

The Law
Rudkin studied law and was called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1912.

Politics
Rudkin first stood for Parliament as Liberal candidate in Chichester at the 1923 general election defeating the sitting Conservative Member of Parliament, Sir William Bird. However, he was unable to hold the seat at the 1924 general election losing to the new Tory candidate John Sewell Courtauld. Rudkin did not fight Chichester again in 1929 switching to the nearby seat of Portsmouth South. In a four-cornered contest however, Rudkin could only come bottom of the poll, despite 1929 seeing a modest Liberal revival nationally. He did not contest a Parliamentary seat again.

Travel
Rudkin was an enthusiastic traveller. He visited and shot in Africa, Australia, India, and Canada.  Rudkin travelled in America, New Zealand, Tasmania, China, Burma, Fiji, Samoa, Japan, Hawaii, Ceylon and extensively in Europe, including Russia. He travelled twice round the world.  In 1921, still very much the early days of aviation, he undertook a flight over the Alps in the company of the French pilot Marcel Nappez, rising to a height of more than 10,000 feet.

Agriculture
Rudkin took a keen interest in the development of agriculture and took it upon himself to learn about progress in the industry by visiting a number of foreign and Commonwealth countries including Holland, Sweden, Norway, Belgium, France, Canada, America, Australia, and New Zealand where he educated himself by observation and inspection of farming techniques.

Other honours
Rudkin was made a Freeman of the City of London and was a member of the Royal Academy.

Death
Rudkin died at his home in Umtali in what was then known as Southern Rhodesia on 30 December 1957 aged 85 years.

References

1872 births
1957 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1923–1924
Members of Lincoln's Inn
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
Politics of West Sussex
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order


Siegfried Roßberg (born 4 November 1936 in Dresden) is an East German sprint canoeist who competed in the early 1960s. He won three medals at the 1963 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Jajce with a gold (K-4 1000 m) and two bronzes (K-1 1000 m, K-1 4 x 500 m). He has received the awards Master of Sport and Honoured Master of Sport. He studied at TU Dresden and graduated Bachelor of Engineering (civil).

References

1937 births
German male canoeists
Living people
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak
German civil engineers
Recipients of the Master of Sport
Engineers from Dresden
Sportspeople from Dresden


Escape From Genopolis is the first of a trilogy of young-adult futuristic-fiction novels by T. E. Berry-Hart.  It uses many of the same themes of genetic engineering, social engineering, totalitarianism, environmental issues, eugenics and ethics as Brave New World, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? and The Day of the Triffids.

Background

Genopolis is a futuristic city, established in 2064, after the known world has been wiped out through environmental upheaval caused by global warming.  The Citizens of Genopolis are humans who have been genetically engineered to withstand the great extremes of flood and fire, but with the result that they cannot feel pain or emotion. Therefore, they can no longer feel love, mercy, compassion or friendship, and these words have become obsolete and forgotten.  Although Genopolis is advanced in many ways, it is also primitive, because the Citizens are served by slaves and rely on barter instead of money; while the buildings and people are decaying because pain no longer acts as an early warning system against disease and injury, so it is very easy to die of a simple scratch.
Outside the walls of Genopolis live the Naturals, the remnants of the former human race, hiding in the caves and ruined buildings of the Regions.  Naturals can still feel pain and emotion, but are being hunted down and destroyed to provide blood and spare parts for the Citizens.

Plot summary
Arlo, a ten-year-old orphan boy, lives in Genopolis, in a university called the Inn of Court, where he is looked after by his mentor, Doctor Ignatius.  One day Arlo makes a horrifying discovery.  Instead of being a Citizen, he is actually one of the hated Naturals, who had been abandoned by his Natural parents when he was born and taken into the care of Doctor Ignatius, ostensibly to research emotions and pain for scientific purposes.  However, Ignatius is also leader of a secret resistance circle against the Rulers of Genopolis, and plans to destroy Genopolis by bringing back pain to its Citizens.  However, Ignatius’s plans – and Arlo – are now in danger because a new Ruler of Genopolis has been appointed who is opposed to any research that could bring back the past.  From the moment that Arlo first sets eyes on the new Regis, he feels a powerful connection, and knows that if he falls into the hands of the Regis then his life will be forfeit.

Meanwhile, Usha, an eleven-year-old slave-girl, lives in drudgery, serving her ninety-nine-year-old Citizen mistress who she calls Auntie.  Usha is a Gemini, a member of a clone-class who have been bred in the pharms, and whose orders are only to obey her superiors.  However, Usha soon becomes aware that Auntie’s intention is to use her to clone her own dying body.  Waking up in panic on the operating table, Usha escapes, but with the whole of Genopolis on her tail, there is nowhere that she can run to.

Arlo escapes from the Inn of Court and the murderous Regis, and with his dog Rem is sent first to the Inn of the Maia, a female Inn of Court, and after that to a rich man and his family, sympathisers of Ignatius's cause. However, in the escape, his beloved dog Rem is lost.

Wandering through the sewers, the underworld of Genopolis, Usha falls in with a gang of abandoned children, who have been thrown out of society because of becoming disabled through accidents or illness. Their ringleader, Ozzie, inducts Usha into his gang, and for a time they live by pilfering from the warehouses by the port where the food is delivered from the pharms.  After a botched robbery, Usha is kidnapped by smugglers and sold to the Circus, a semi-illegal underworld gladiatorial arena, where criminal Citizens, escaped Gemini and the occasional captured Natural fight against themselves, and against genetically-engineered monsters.

The laboratories of the pharms (which provide food, replacing the historical farms) have created hybrid animals along the lines of classical monsters using genetic fusion technology; the Minotaur, the Gorgon, the Cockatrice and the Sphinx. Usha is dispatched to fight in the Circus, where she befriends Talia, a female gladiator, and the other slaves. In the pits of the Circus, Usha meets Arlo's dog Rem.  When Arlo comes to the Circus as a guest of the rich man, he sees Rem and runs into the pit to be reunited with him.  Together they escape from the Minotaur who is hunting them, and disappear into the sewers once more.

Usha, Rem and Arlo, together with the friends they have met in the Circus and Ozzie's gang from the underworld, escape the island of Genopolis by boat, and find their way to the Natural outerlands.  Here they are reunited with Arlo's sister, Kira, and join the Natural tribe.

Meanwhile, back in Genopolis, the Regis broods over the missing Arlo and plans his revenge.

Continued in: Fearless (c) 2009, Scholastic Books)

Major themes
Genopolis draws on themes of both classical and modern literature.  It is set in a future state that is founded on many of the ideals of Rome and Greece, from its social structure (the division of its inhabitants into Senators, Citizens, soldiers, and slave-Gemini) to many of its pastimes, such as the Circus, a semi-illegal gladiatorial arena where escaped criminals, dishonoured Citizens fight against each other or against recreated monsters, and its mythical creatures such as the Minotaur and the Gorgons, genetically created using new technology.

Reception
Escape from Genpolis received mostly positive reviews from the literary press. The Book Bag described it as 'a thoroughly entertaining, thought-provoking and well-written book',  and Write Away described it as 'an intriguing and pacey story with engaging characters'

Footnotes

References

2007 British novels
British young adult novels
British science fiction novels
Novels about orphans
Scholastic Corporation books


Bandleader, arranger, conductor, record producer and trumpeter Joseph J. Leahy (July 25, 1916 - September 12, 1974) (aged 58) was a native of Boston, Massachusetts. He joined Les Brown and his Band of Renown at twenty, then the Charlie Barnet band and later the Artie Shaw band, eventually forming his own orchestra for cross-country tours of ballrooms, hotel circuits, college proms and one-nighters.

Joining the United States Army in 1941, he headed the forty-man Army Air Forces Orchestra of the Air Transport Command, for which he wrote all the arrangements. The orchestra gave weekly broadcasts over CBS.

His other Air Force duties included arranging and conducting for variety shows, half-hour transcriptions, cue music and orchestral works, and a two-year world tour arranging and conducting for troop shows.

Upon leaving the service in 1945 he came to New York and signed with CBS as a staff conductor-arranger, doing script-show music, background music for radio dramas, and conducting the Skitch Henderson orchestra. Just over a year later he began doing freelance arranging and conducting, and for six years thereafter he orchestrated over one hundred radio programs including the longstanding Don McNeil's The Breakfast Club in Chicago, Illinois.

Other radio and television shows for which he did uncredited background music included those for Orson Welles, Rita Hayworth Eddie Cantor, Tony Martin, Ethel Waters, Constance Bennett and many others.

By 1954, Joe Leahy moved into the record industry by forming his own label, Majar Records, which had an immediate hit: "If I Give My Heart to You" (Majar 27), arranged and conducted by Leahy and sung by Denise Lor. The tune inspired eighteen other cover versions.

Leahy followed up with "Unsuspecting Heart", sung by Terri Stevens; "Green Fire", the song from Desiree, and then he introduced "How Important Can It Be?" with Jack Smith.

In 1955 he joined the RKO Unique record label based at 1440 Broadway in New York, which soon had a top-ten hit with "The Man in the Raincoat" sung by Priscilla Wright in her first recording.
Joe Leahy's first album was Lovely Lady (LP-106) for RKO Unique.

Leahy charted under his own name on a few occasions. Among these performances are "Moonlight Bay" (Music Vendor Pop #53, 1958) and "Life" (Billboard Easy Listening #33, 1965).

Though Joe Leahy's music has been nearly forgotten in the 21st century, many of Joe Leahy's albums have recently been re-released on compact discs.

Popular-song and instrumental compositions
Across My Eyes
Act of Contrition
Alone in Barcelona
April
Baby Blues
Beyond the Stars
Birth of Christ
Blue Trumpet
Burnt the Envelope
By Love Possessed:
Chantilly
Cloud Nine
Coronet
Detroit Polka
The Dixie Roll
First Time Love
From Your Heart: (Composed by Rolande Maxwell Young Schrade(ASCAP), arrangement by collaborator Joe Leahy)
Gilligan
Go Ahead and Be a Woman
Goodnight, Dream Boy
El Gringo
Hand Full of Dreams
The Happy Surfer
Happy Wedding Polka
High Midnight; Hold On
Holiday in Venice
I Don't Mind
I'm in Love with the Man in a Raincoat
Just a Sandy Haired Boy
Lacerations
Let's Take it from the Top
Life
The Little Spinet
Look Up a Friend Called Jesus;
LOVE STORY; MARGIN OF ERROR;
MARY LOU WILSON AND JOHNNY;
MEXICO HOLIDAY;
MIRACLE OF LOVE (from A WORLD OF MIRACLES);
MISUNDERSTOOD;
MORE THAN ANYTHING;
MY CATEGORY IS LOVE (Composed by Rolande Maxwell Young Schrade(ASCAP) with arrangement by collaborator Joe Leahy)
MY HIDDEN LOVE;
MY KINGDOM FOR A KISS (Composed by Rolande Maxwell Young Schrade(ASCAP) with  arrangement by collaborator Joe Leahy)
NEW OPENING;
NOAH'S ARK;
ON THE BOULEVARD;
OPEN, CLOSE, I DON'T KNOW;
OVERWORKED AND UNDERPAID BLUES;
A PAIR OF QUEENS;
THE PROMISED LAND;
RADIO;
RUNAWAY;
SABOTAGE;
SAY GOODNIGHT;
SILVERPLATE SHUFFLE;
SO ALIVE; A STAR IN THE EAST (from A WORLD OF MIRACLES);
STOP AND THINK;
THE STORY OF JAMES DEAN;
THEME FROM STUDIO X;
SUN VALLEY MOON (Composed by Rolande Maxwell Young Schrade (ASCAP) with the arrangement by collaborator Joe Leahy)
SUNSHINE RAIN (Composed by Rolande Maxwell Young Schrade(ASCAP) with the arrangement by collaborator Joe Leahy)
SWISS HOLIDAY;
TABASCO ROAD;
TELL ME YOU'RE IN LOVE;
TEN COMMANDMENTS;
THERE'S A DREAM IN MY HEART (Composed by Rolande Maxwell Young Schrade (ASCAP) with the arrangement by collaborator Joe Leahy)
THINGS I SHOULDN'T KNOW (Composed by Rolande Maxwell Young Schrade (ASCAP) with the arrangement by collaborator Joe Leahy)
THINK LOVE
THIRTY THREE YEARS (from A WORLD OF MIRACLES)
TWICE AROUND THE ISLAND
TWO HEARTS; WARM RAIN
WIDE IS THE GATE
THE WONDERFUL TEENS
WORLD OF MIRACLES (title song)
WOULD YOU BELIEVE IT
YOU AND YOUR LOVE
YOU GO I GO;
YOUR HERO

American bandleaders
1916 births
1974 deaths
20th-century American musicians


Sedgeberrow is a village and civil parish in the Wychavon district of Worcestershire, England, about  south of Evesham. It stands beside the River Isbourne, a tributary of the River Avon.

History

The Toponymy has evolved through forms including Secgesbearawe in the 10th century, Seggesbereg or Shegeberwe in the 13th century and Seggeberugh in the 14th century. Other forms of the name from different periods are cited in the course of the history of the manor.

Sedgeberrow is an ancient manor. In AD 777 King Offa of Mercia granted Segcgesbearuue or Secgesbearuue to King Ealdred, of Hwicce, which was part of the Kingdom of Mercia. Ealdred in turn granted Sedgeberrow to the Bishop of Worcester. In 1086 the Domesday Book recorded that Seggesbarwe was held by the monks of Worcester Priory. In 1539-40 the Crown dissolved the Priory and in 1542 it granted Segebarowe to the Dean and Chapter of Worcester Cathedral. After the English Civil War the Commonwealth of England sold off Sedgborowe manor house in 1651 and its lands in 1654. In 1660 the Stuart monarchy was restored and Sedgeberrow was restored to the Dean and Chapter. In 1859 the manor was transferred to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, who continued to hold it until the 20th century.

The Church of England parish church of Saint Mary the Virgin was consecrated in 1331. It has a small western bell tower with a spire and three bells. The oldest was cast in 1623 by Godwin Baker of Worcester, the next by Henry Bagley of Chacombe in 1665 and the last by Abraham Rudhall of Gloucester in 1718. The church was restored in 1868 and a vestry was added in 1900, but its original 14th-century form is largely unchanged. The parish is now part of the Benefice of Hampton with Sedgeberrow and Hinton-on-the-Green.

A 17th century half-timbered cottage in the southern part of the village includes the remains of an earlier stone building. The remains include two gothic windows, from which the authors of the Victoria County History concluded that the building was probably a chapel.

After the dissolution of the monasteries, Worcester Priory's manor house in Sedgeberrow was demolished and a half-timbered court house was built on the site. A chimney stack on one side of the house bears the date 1572. Several half-timbered cottages in the village from the 17th century also survive.

Sedgeberrow is on the main road between Evesham and Cheltenham. In the 18th century this road was improved as the Cleeve and Evesham Turnpike. In 1923 the road was classified as part of the A435. More recently the part of the A435 between Teddington, Gloucestershire and Alcester has been reclassified as part of the A46 road. The main road now passes Sedgeberrow on a bypass slightly north of the village, crossing the Isbourne on a new bridge.

On 20 July 2007 the Isbourne burst its banks and flooded the village. The Environment Agency has flood defences for the village but they were overwhelmed. There was an estimated £10 worth of damage.

Amenities
Sedgeberrow has a Church of England First School.

The village has a public house, the Queen's Head. In 2007 It was acquired by the Hook Norton Brewery.

Sedgeberrow has a Women's Institute that meets at the village hall. Although the village has always been in Worcestershire, the WI belongs to the Gloucestershire Federation of Women's Institutes.

Sources

References

Villages in Worcestershire


John Hull (December 18, 1624October 1, 1683) was an English-born merchant, silversmith, slave trader and politician who spent the majority of his life in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. After arriving in North America, he worked as a silversmith in Boston before becoming the moneyer responsible for issuing the colony's pine tree shillings in the mid-17th century. Hull was also a successful merchant and engaged in slave-trading on multiple occasions. He was also an early benefactor of Harvard College and a co-founder of the Old South Church.

Early life and family

John Hull was born on December 18, 1624, in Market Harborough, Leicestershire, England, the son of blacksmith Robert Hull and Elizabeth Storer. At age eleven, he immigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony with his father, mother, and half-brother Richard Storer, departing Bristol on September 28, 1635, and arriving in Boston on November 7. The colony gave Robert Hull a 25-acre farming plot, though he primarily made his living as a smith.

In England, Hull received an education at a grammar school. After immigrating, he attended Boston Latin School for two years, followed by a seven-year smithing apprenticeship, which could have lasted from 1639 to 1646, though Hermann F. Clarke speculates that Hull would have finished his apprenticeship around 1643 or 1644. In December 1646, his father deeded to him a house and garden, where he began practicing the silversmith trade.

On May 11, 1647, he married Judith Quincy, daughter of Judith Pares and Edmund Quincy, in a ceremony officiated by John Winthrop. In 1648, they joined John Cotton's First Church in Boston. John and Judith had five children, four of whom died in infancy. They had twin girls on January 23, 1652, both of whom died at age one. On November 3, 1654, they had a son who died after 11 days, and in 1658 they had a second son, Samuel, who lived nineteen days. Their only child to survive to adulthood, Hannah, was born on February 14, 1657, and married Samuel Sewall on February 28, 1676.

Silversmith
Hull employed Robert Sanderson as his assistant in his silversmithing business, and also had apprentices, including Sanderson's three sons, Samuel Paddy, Jeremiah Dummer, Timothy Dwight, and Daniel Quincy. Sanderson's mark is present alongside Hull's on almost all pieces produced by the shop. A set of silver beakers are among the only of Hull's surviving works completed without assistance from Sanderson or an apprentice.

Massachusetts Bay Colony coinage

From the 1620s through the early 1650s, the Massachusetts Bay Colony's economy had been entirely dependent on barter and foreign currency, including English, Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese and counterfeit coins. In 1652, the Massachusetts General Court asked Hull to weigh, assay, and countermark foreign coins to determine their authenticity and value. Hull rejected the idea, which would not have generated profit for him, and on May 26, 1652, the General Court authorized Hull to create Massachusetts coinage in shilling, sixpence and threepence denominations by reminting foreign silver currency. Hull was made Boston "mintmaster" and the colonial government paid for tools and construction of a minting facility on Hull's land, so that he could convert silver bullion and foreign coinage into Massachusetts Bay Colony coins. Sanderson may have been primarily responsible for producing the coins.

From June to October, 1652, produced silver coins with a simple design: the stamped letters "NE" for New England on the obverse, and the denomination in Roman numerals on the reverse. In October 1652, the General Court ordered a more complicated design with a double ring of beads to discourage clipping. Although all the coins use the date 1652, they can be broken into three chronological periods based on the design of the tree on the obverse: the willow tree, 1652-1660; the oak tree, 1660-1667; and the pine tree, 1667-1682. The last design led to the series being known as pine tree shillings. In 1662, Hull and Sanderson also produced a series of oak tree twopence coins with the date 1662. In total, the Boston mint may have produced as many as 300,000 to 500,000 coins.

Hull made a seigniorage of one shilling, seven pence for every 20 shillings produced, and in some years, Hull made of profit over £1000. The Massachusetts General Court tried to renegotiate the arrangement to decrease Hull's profits on at least seven occasions. Massachusetts also charged rent on the minting facility until Hull purchased the operation in 1675.

Hull had begun minting coins during English Commonwealth period, and in 1661 after the restoration of the monarchy, the English government considered the Boston mint to be treasonous. In 1665, Privy Council ordered the mint to cease operations, but the colony ignored the demands. In 1676, Edward Randolph petitioned the English government to close the mint. However, the mint may have continued operations until 1682, when Hull's contract as mintmaster expired, and the colony did not move to renew his contract or appoint a new mintmaster. The coinage was a contributing factor to the revocation of the Massachusetts Bay Colony charter in 1684.

Merchant and landowner

Hull first mentioned exporting goods to England in a November 1653 diary entry. Between 1653 and 1660, he exported goods to Europe on at least five different ships, and his mercantile interests increased after 1660. The first record of Hull holding a partial ownership stake in a ship is from 1664. Between 1665 and 1670, Hull had partial ownership of eight vessels, and from 1670 to 1683, he partially owned 14 vessels and exported goods on more than 50 different ships. He had business agents in England, Jamaica, New Providence, Nevis, Madeira and the Canary Islands.

He primarily exported furs, fish and wood from New England forests. He also shipped New England farm products, including flour, salt beef and pork, biscuits and butter to the Caribbean colonies, as well as other miscellaneous goods. He imported hides for leather, salt, clothing, and alcohol to Massachusetts. He also dealt in mortgages and was a money lender.

Hull required his ship captains to abstain from selling damaged goods, mistreating sailors, swearing, and trading on Sundays. Mark Valeri claims that Hull forbid his associates from the slave trade, but Clarke has identified two occasions when Hull engaged in the slave trade: the first during King Philip's War in 1675, when Hull transported more than one-hundred Native American captives to be sold into slavery in Cádiz and Málaga, and the second on September 16, 1682, when he instructed one of his captains to transport and sell a Black man named Jeofrey and a Black woman named Mary in Madeira. Samuel Eliot Morison notes that Hull instructed his captain to use the proceeds from the sale of Jeofrey and Mary to buy Madeira wine to be imported to Massachusetts.

In 1657, Hull and four other men negotiated the Pettaquamscutt Purchase with the Narragansett people in Rhode Island, buying a tract of land on the western shore of Narragansett Bay for £151. Hull acquired land on Block Island and Point Judith, which is named for Hull's wife. He initially tried to operate a lead mine at Point Judith. When the mine proved unprofitable, Hull began raising herds of cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses on the land to be sold in the West Indies. He was also the co-owner of a tract of forest and a sawmill at Salmon Falls in New Hampshire.

Valeri characterizes Hull as having belonged to the upper ranks of Boston's merchants, though some traders built larger fortunes and others held larger tracts of land.

Civic life
From 1648, Hull was a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts. He appears in records as an ensign in 1663, a lieutenant in 1664, and a captain in 1671 and 1678. He first held political office as a selectman for Boston, beginning in March 1657. He became Boston's treasurer in 1658, and held near-uninterrupted office for the next decade. He sat in the Massachusetts General Court as representative for Wenham in 1668, Westfield from 1671 to 1674, and Salisbury in 1679. He was treasurer of the Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1676 to 1680.

In 1669, Hull left the First Church and became a founding member of the Third Church in Boston. That year, he was part of a group that traveled to England to hire the church's minister.

During King Philip's War in 1675 and 1676, Hull loaned the colony approximately £2000 to buy muskets, shot, and saltpeter, and to clothe and pay the soldiers. He was also one of the primary merchants responsible for procuring weapons, ammunitions and supplies from Europe. Among his responsibilities as treasurer during the war, Hull arranged the sale of Native American captives into slavery. Hull recorded the sale of 185 people into slavery in public auctions on August 24, 1676, and September 23, 1676. Some buyers, such as Thomas Smith, purchased as many as 70 captives to resell in European slave markets. Hull used his personal resources to extend credit to the colony and may have suffered financial losses from his loans to Massachusetts, which were not settled in his lifetime,  but Mark Peterson speculates that the colony may have used some of the £333, 3s proceeds from the slave trade to partially repay its debt to Hull. Hull's widow and son-in-law, Samuel Sewall, settled the remaining debt with the colony in 1683 after Hull's death.

In 1681, Hull helped organize a settlement with the heirs of Ferdinando Gorges to acquire the Province of Maine for the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He raised £700 from Boston merchants and acquired an additional £550 from London against his personal credit.

Hull was one of Harvard College's earliest benefactors, donating his landholdings at Point Judith, Rhode Island, to finance scholarships for poor boys as well as a sum of £100.

Death and legacy
Hull died on October 1, 1683. Samuel Willard preached his funeral sermon, and he was buried in the Granary Burying Ground. At the time of his death, his estate was worth approximately £6000.

Hull Street in Boston is named for him, because the road was laid through his pasture. In the 1840 story collection Grandfather's Chair, Nathaniel Hawthorne recounts a legend in which John Hull gave his daughter Hannah her weight in pine-tree shillings (approximately 10,000 coins) as a dowery at her wedding to Samuel Sewall. Hawthorne and other authors exaggerated the dowery, which was actually £500 paid in two installments.

References

Citations

Sources

1624 births
1683 deaths
American silversmiths
American slave traders
Coin designers
Colonial American merchants
Currency designers
Directors of coin mints
People from colonial Boston
People from Market Harborough


Sabatino Moscati (24 November 1922 – 8 September 1997) was an Italian archaeologist and linguist known for his work on Phoenician and Punic civilizations. In 1954 he became Professor of Semitic Philology at the University of Rome where he established the Institute of Studies of the Near East.

Sabatino directed a number of excavations, in the process of which he established himself internationally, winning the Lamarmora Prize for his studies of Sardinia, the Selinon Prize for Sicily, the Sybaris Magna Grecia Prize for his research in ancient Italy and the I cavalli d'oro di San Marco for his oriental work.

Bibliography
The Face of the Ancient Orient (1962)

The Phoenicians, 2001, I. B. Tauris,

Notes

External links
 New York Times obituary
 Phoenician exhibition

Archaeologists of the Near East
Italian archaeologists
Linguists from Italy
1922 births
1997 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Rome Tor Vergata
20th-century archaeologists
20th-century linguists
Phoenician-punic archaeologists


Henry Hamilton (c. 1854 – 4 September 1918) was an English playwright, lyricist and actor. He is best remembered for his musical theatre libretti, including The Duchess of Dantzic (1903), The School Girl (1903), Véronique (1905) and The Little Michus (1907), often adapting foreign works for the British stage.

He began as an actor in 1873 but turned to writing plays in 1881 and was especially successful in the first decade of the 20th century. He was also the author of the popular song "Private Tommy Atkins" (1893). Away from his professional life, Hamilton studied theosophy.

Early life and acting
Hamilton was born in late 1854 or early 1855 at Nunhead, Surrey, to James Hamilton and his second wife Janette (née Ferguson) and baptised 14 March 1855 at St Mary Magdalen, Peckham, Surrey. His father is described as a gentleman, a merchant and, in his death announcement, formerly of the Hon. East Indian Civil Service. Within a year of Henry's baptism, James had died, aged 46. Hamilton's mother married Daniel Ilett in October 1865, and Hamilton was sent to Christ's Hospital for his education.

As an actor, he debuted in 1873 at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh under J. B. Howard's management. Later that year he joined the touring comedy company of Wilson Barrett, and he was engaged by Craven Robertson's Caste touring company in 1874. In 1876, Hamilton formed the Pitt-Hamilton comedy drama company with Henry Mader Pitt, which toured the North of England for two years. His first appearance in London was at the Lyceum Theatre in 1878 playing Snodgrass in the Pickwickian farcical comedy Jingle, with Henry Irving, and he appeared later that year at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane for a season.

By 1880, Hamilton had joined Barry Sullivan's Shakespearan company, with which he played Horatio in Hamlet and Gratiano in The Merchant of Venice at Leicester's Theatre Royal. Later that year, he played minor roles in a comedy, False Shame, at the Royalty Theatre, and after Christmas he appeared in a short season "of favourite pieces" starring Helen Barry at the Warrior Square Concert Rooms in St Leonards-on-Sea. In 1881 Hamilton joined the touring company of Miss Wallis, playing Shakespeare and other works, before taking a variety of roles in a summer season at Brighton's Theatre Royal. Later that year he played Alfred de Maynard in a revival of The Corsican Brothers at the Queens Theatre, Manchester. The play initiated a professional relationship between Hamilton and Marie Litton, who engaged Hamilton to act with her in Goldsmith's She Stoops to Conquer and Merivale's The Cynic, both produced under her management at the Globe Theatre in London. They acted together again in Hamilton's Moths and took the play on tour until December 1882.

Playwright and lyricist

"Not being a great actor", Hamilton began to diversify. In November 1881 he sold his first play, A Shadow Sceptre, to the producer Charles Bernard for his leading lady Annie Alleyn. His second play, Moths, was an adaptation of the 1880 novel of the same name by Ouida centred on the idle and pleasure-seeking European aristocracy. The two plays were staged within three weeks of each other – Moths at the Globe Theatre on 25 March 1882 and A Shadow Sceptre at the Prince's Theatre, Manchester, on 13 April. The production of Moths was prefaced by a virulent argument between Ouida and Hamilton conducted publicly in The Era concerning copyright theft and the right to adapt works. The dispute inadvertently benefited both novel and play.

One reviewer of Moths declared that "a more inartistic finale has seldom been put on the stage", while another thought the treatment "appropriate and undeniably dramatic". A third critic concluded that Hamilton, having followed the plot of the novel closely, "produced a passable play, which promises to become a popular but ... certainly not an artistic, success" and lost the spirit of Ouida's work. Moths transferred to the Olympic Theatre where it continued to attract large audiences. A Shadow Sceptre was a four-act historical play, set in the world of Lady Jane Grey in the Court of Queen Mary. The Era thought it well written and staged, with only minor faults. The paper stated that, although Hamilton's inexperience meant that this work could "scarcely be spoken of in terms of unqualified praise", it admired the "courage which has led him to take so high a flight". It looked forward "with both interest and pleasure" to further work from Hamilton.

His next play, Our Regiment, was a farce adaptation of the 1881 German play, Krieg im Frieden by Gustav von Moser and Franz von Schönthau, which had previously been adapted in English as The Passing Regiment in New York. Hamilton's adaptation was first staged at a Vaudeville Theatre matinée on 13 February 1883; it also had two London revivals and a successful provincial run the next year.

Hamilton then wrote the libretto for William Fullerton's successful comic opera Lady of the Locket, staged at The Empire Theatre on 11 March 1885, before penning "an independent and ambitious dramatic work of his own", Harvest, that premiered at the Princess's Theatre on 18 September 1886. The plot centres around Scottish marriage law. Hamilton then staged the play in New York at Wallack's Theatre beginning on 12 October 1886, playing the character Bevil Brooke; it closed on 3 November 1886.

His 1897 melodrama, The White Heather, written with Cecil Raleigh, at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, achieved success in both London and New York. It was adapted as an American silent film in 1919. Thereafter he collaborated with Raleigh several times.

His most popular theatre libretti included The Duchess of Dantzic (1903) and The School Girl (1903), and English adaptations of the French operettas Véronique (1905) and The Little Michus (1907). According to the obituary writer of the Daily Mirror, Hamilton "was a workmanlike constructor of melodrama, as the records of many Drury Lane successes testify. He was also a deft adaptor of French libretti into English and a lyric-writer of no small capability."

He was also the author of the popular song Private Tommy Atkins, music by Samuel Potter, introduced when interpolated into the musical A Gaiety Girl in 1893. Another jingoistic song penned by Hamilton was Sons of the Motherland, with music by Lionel Monckton, introduced in 1901 into San Toy a year into its run.

Personal life
Away from his professional life, Hamilton studied theosophy and was the first chairman, and latterly the president, of the Folkestone Lodge of the Theosophical Society and a man of deep spiritual convictions. He never married and lived for many years at The Haven, Sandgate, Kent, where he died on 4 September 1918. His funeral took place on 7 September 1918 at Holy Trinity, Folkestone, with the interment at Folkestone Cemetery. Hamilton's friend, the Rev. Gerald Gurney, a former actor, co-officiated at both ceremonies, and Sir Squire Bancroft was a chief mourner.

Works

Moths, adaptation of Ouida's 1880 novel, mounted at the Globe Theatre in London on 25 March 1882.
A Shadow Sceptre, a blank verse historical play in four acts, first performed at the Prince's Theatre, Manchester on 13 April 1882.
Our Regiment, a farcical comedy adapted from a German piece, which was first performed at the Vaudeville Theatre in London on 13 February 1883.
The Lady of the Locket, comic opera composed by William Fullerton, first staged at the Empire Theatre on 11 March 1885.
Harvest, play, premiered at the Princess's Theatre on 18 September 1886.
Handfast, play, written with Mark Quinton, first performed at the Prince of Wales Theatre on 13 December 1887. Revised, it reopened at the Shaftesbury Theatre on 16 May 1891.
The Royal Oak, a play, written with Sir Augustus Harris and first performed at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on 23 September 1889. Adapted as a film of the same name in 1923.
La Tosca, an English adaptation of Sardou's 1887 five-act melodrama in French. It was first produced at the Garrick Theatre on 28 November 1889.
Dick Whittington and His Cat, a Drury Lane Theatre pantomime version of this tale, co-written with Augustus Harris and Cecil Raleigh, which opened on Boxing Night 1894.
The Derby Winner, a sporting melodrama written with Harris and Raleigh, first performed at The Grand Theatre, Islington on 25 February 1895. Retitled, it was mounted as The Sporting Duchess at the New York Academy of Music on 29 August 1895. It was adapted as silent films in 1915 and 1920.
Carmen, from the eponymous novel by Prosper Mérimée, a play opening on 24 December 1895 at the Empire Theatre, New York, and 6 June 1896 at the Gaiety Theatre, London based on (and including segments from) the opera by Georges Bizet.

The White Heather, melodrama written with Raleigh, opening on 16 September 1897 at the Drury Lane. Adapted as an American silent film in 1919.
The Three Musketeers, English play, adapting the novel by Alexandre Dumas, opening at the Theatre Metropole, Camberwell on 12 September 1898. Renamed The King's Musketeer, it was mounted at the Knickerbocker Theatre in New York on 22 February 1899.
The Great Ruby, a melodramatic play written with Raleigh, was first performed 15 September 1898 at Drury Lane. Adapted as a film of the same name in 1915.
The Duchess of Dantzic, light opera libretto, with music by Ivan Caryll, was based on the play Madame Sans-Gêne, by Victorien Sardou, and opened at the Lyric Theatre, 17 October 1903.
The School Girl, Edwardian musical comedy, with book co-written with Paul M. Potter and music by Leslie Stuart. It opened on 9 May 1903 at the Prince of Wales Theatre.
Veronique, comic opera with music by André Messager. English adaptation of French libretto by Vanloo and Duval. It opened at the Apollo Theatre in London on 18 May 1904.
The Little Michus, musical comedy with score by Messager. An English adaptation of Albert Vanloo and Georges Duval's libretto which opened at Daly's Theatre on 29 April 1905.
The Sins of Society, a melodrama written with Raleigh, first staged at Drury Lane from 12 September 1907. It opened on 31 August 1909 at the New York Theatre and was also made into an American silent film of the same name in 1915.
The Whip, a drama in four acts, written with Raleigh, first performed at Drury Lane on 9 September 1909. It was also made into American silent films in 1917 and 1928.
A Russian Tragedy, a one act melodrama taken from the German of Adoph Glass's play, produced at His Majesty's Theatre from 25 November 1909. It was first produced in America at New York's Colonial Theatre on 14 February 1910 under the title of Expiation.
The Hope, play written with Raleigh and first performed at the Drury Lane on 14 September 1911. Adapted as a film of the same name in 1920.
The Crown of India, an elaborate masque first presented at the Coliseum Theatre on 11 March 1912, for which Hamilton wrote the libretto, including lyrics for songs set to music by Elgar.
Autumn Manoeuvres, musical play adapted from Tatárjárás by Emmerich Kalman with a Hungarian libretto by Karl von Bakony and R. Bodanskistaged, staged at the Adelphi Theatre on 25 May 1912, with lyrics by Percy Greenbank. A version of Tatárjárás had been produced as The Gay Hussars at the Knickerbocker Theatre in 1909.
Sealed Orders, a three-act melodrama written with Raleigh and staged at Drury Lane on 11 September 1913. Produced as Stolen Orders on 24 September 1915. made into an American silent film, Stolen Orders in 1918.
The Best of Luck, play, written with Raleigh and Arthur Collins, which opened on 27 September 1916 at Drury Lane. Adapted as a silent film in America in 1920.

Sources
Coffin, C. Hayden. Hayden Coffin's Book: Packed with Acts and Facts, London: Alston Rivers (1930)

Notes

References

External links

1850s births
1918 deaths
English male dramatists and playwrights
19th-century English dramatists and playwrights
20th-century English dramatists and playwrights
People from Nunhead
19th-century English male writers
20th-century English male writers


The Dwaar Kill is a  tributary of the Wallkill River that drains a  area of Orange and Ulster counties in the U.S. state of New York. It is the Wallkill's second-longest tributary after the Shawangunk Kill, whose course it parallels somewhat to the east.

Like the Wallkill and the Shawangunk, which also has a tributary named the Dwaar Kill, it flows in a northeastern direction toward the Hudson River via Rondout Creek. Unlike them it flows entirely through rural areas.

Course
It rises at Lake Henneside in the town of Wallkill, just west of the hamlet of Circleville. After flowing downhill it takes a brief southward loop, crosses under NY 302, and then assumes a northeastern heading into the town of Crawford. In a swampy area a few miles downriver just east of Bullville, it crosses under NY 17K and then passes through Bullville Army Reserve Center.

Continuing northeast, it flows past the former hamlet of Searsville, where early settlers built mills to tap its power. Two miles (3.2 km), NY 52 crosses on a small bridge as the kill is now too wide for a culvert. It continues north into Ulster County and the town of Shawangunk, where Bruyn Turnpike (Ulster County Route 18) is the first to cross.

A short distance north of that crossing, it turns toward the east, taking it just south of Shawangunk Grasslands National Wildlife Refuge. Albany Post Road (Ulster County Route 9) crosses, and then the Dwaar flows past the Crowell brick works. It turns to the north and drains into the Wallkill just south of the former hamlet of Galeville and Wallkill Correctional Facility.

See also

List of rivers of New York

References

Tributaries of the Wallkill River
Rivers of Ulster County, New York
Shawangunk, New York
Rivers of Orange County, New York


George Henry Abbott (August 3, 1911 – December 31, 1996) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played in one National Hockey League game for the Boston Bruins during the 1943–44 NHL season. He was born in Sydenham, Ontario, but grew up in Hamilton, Ontario.

Playing career
Abbott was the practice goaltender for the Toronto Maple Leafs as well as a minister.  He played for the Dunnville Mudcats before his career ended during a practice session with the Hamilton Tigers when a deflected puck struck him in the eye.  On November 27, 1943, the Maple Leafs were due to play the Boston Bruins where the Bruins' starting goaltender Bert Gardiner suffered from illness and couldn't play.  Bruins coach Art Ross borrowed Abbott to play for the night. Toronto went on to win the game 7-3 as Abbott faced 52 shots. He was knocked out for a few minutes by a shot from Babe Pratt.

Abbott was known as "The Preacher," as he became a Baptist minister after giving up hockey after his injury. He was assigned to the Toronto area during 1943 and the Leafs took him on as a practice goalie.

Career statistics

See also
List of players who played only one game in the NHL

References

External links

1911 births
1996 deaths
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
People from Frontenac County
Ice hockey people from Hamilton, Ontario


Igor Taševski (Serbian Cyrillic: Игop Taшeвcки; born 27 July 1972) is a Serbian retired footballer who played mainly as a central defender.

Football career
Born in Belgrade, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Taševski started his professional career with hometown's FK Rad, and signed with country giants FK Partizan in 1994, helping the capital club to back-to-back league titles.

Subsequently, he spent seven years in Spain, mostly in its second division, helping Villarreal CF return to La Liga after just one year while contributing with 35 games (33 starts). After spells with Elche CF and Sporting de Gijón, Taševski retired in 2006 with lowly FK Voždovac.

Honours
Partizan
First League of Serbia and Montenegro: 1995–96, 1996–97
Serbia and Montenegro Cup: 1997–98

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
Footballers from Belgrade
Yugoslav men's footballers
Serbian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Yugoslav First League players
FK Rad players
FK Partizan players
FK Voždovac players
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Villarreal CF players
Elche CF players
Sporting de Gijón players
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Spain


The Armistice of Erzincan (also spelled Erzindzhan or Erzinjan) was an agreement to suspend hostilities during World War I signed by the Ottoman Empire and Transcaucasian Commissariat in Erzincan on 18 December 1917 (5 December O.S.). The armistice brought temporary peace to the Caucasian and Persian Fronts until 12 February, when the fighting was resumed.

The status of the Transcaucasian Commissariat was unclear at the time: the Ottomans regarded it as an independent entity, a legal successor of the Russian Empire, while the Commissariat still considered itself a part of the Russian Republic. The Ottoman Empire was already party to the Brest-Litovsk armistice with Russia (15 December) that covered the Caucasian and Persian Fronts. After receiving a ceasefire proposal from Vehib Pasha, commander of the Ottoman Third Army, the Commissariat authorised the commander of the Russian Caucasus Front, General Przhevalski, to negotiate an armistice with his Ottoman opposite. The result was the Erzincan Armistice, after which the Russian troops began to withdraw, leaving the Transcaucasian Commissariat completely undefended.

A supplement to the armistice was signed on the same day, demarcating the line of occupation between the two sides. On 12 February, Ottoman forces began advancing across the line in defiance of the armistice, having rejected the Transcaucasian Commissariat's authority to sign it and accused the Armenians of massacring Muslims behind the Ottoman line on 15–16 January. On 24 February the Brest-Litovsk armistice was broken by Germany and became of no effect. Both armistices were superseded by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Russia, signed on 3 March 1918, and the Treaty of Batum with the successor states of the Transcaucasian Commissariat, signed 4 June.

References

Treaties concluded in 1917
Treaties entered into force in 1917
Erzincan
1917 in the Ottoman Empire
World War I treaties
History of Erzincan
Soviet Union–Turkey relations
December 1917 events
Ottoman Empire in World War I
Treaties of the Ottoman Empire


The Council elections held in Wolverhampton on Thursday 3 May 1984 were one third, and 20 of the 60 seats were up for election.

During the 1984 election the Conservatives gained the Bushbury seat from Labour whilst Labour gained the Wednesfield South, Oxley and Fallings Park seats from the Conservatives, the SDP/Liberal Alliance gained a Council seat beating Labour in Spring Vale.

Prior to the election the constitution of the Council was:

Labour 34
Conservative 24
Alliance 1
Vacant 1

Following the election the constitution of the Council was:

Labour 35
Conservative 23
Alliance 2

Election result

1984
1984 English local elections
1980s in the West Midlands (county)
May 1984 events in the United Kingdom


El Valle may refer to:

Places
 El Valle, Choco, Colombia
 El Valle, Dominican Republic, a town in Hato Mayor province, Dominican Republic
 El Valle de Antón, a town in Cocle province, Panama
 El Valle de la Unión, a town in Colon province, Panama
 El Valle Golf Resort, a golf resort in Murcia, Spain
 El Valle, Granada, Spain
 El Valle (Carreño), Spain
 El Valle (Candamo), Spain
 El Valle, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela
 El Valle Parish, Caracas, Venezuela

Other
 El Valle (volcano)

See also
 Valle (disambiguation)
 Del Valle (disambiguation)


Nelson Mandela: An International Tribute for a Free South Africa was a music concert that took place on 16 April 1990 at Wembley Stadium in London, England, and was broadcast to more than 60 countries. It was held two months after the release of Nelson Mandela from a South African apartheid prison and was regarded by Mandela as an official international reception.

Background
The success of an earlier concert, a 70th birthday-tribute concert to Mandela in June 1988, held while the black South African leader was still in prison, and the growing likelihood that he would be released reasonably soon led Mandela's lawyer to ask Tony Hollingsworth, producer of the first concert, to organise the 1990 concert.

Mandela, his party, the African National Congress and the Anti-Apartheid Movement were convinced that the first event increased global pressure on the South African regime to release Mandela—a move that would be the first step in releasing other political prisoners and ending the apartheid regime.

Mandela's lawyer and Mike Terry, head of the Anti-Apartheid Movement in London, met Hollingsworth in London in December 1989. According to his lawyer, Mandela was insisting on two conditions: that he would be able to talk for any length of time and that the speech would not be edited on television. It was also agreed that the widest possible international television coverage would be sought after, and that broadcast fees and gate money would not be profit-driven, but would rather be used to cover the costs of staging the concert.

At one stage, Mandela considered disassociating himself from the planned concert, after senior ANC figures persuaded him that he should not be holding such an event in "Thatcher’s country", as the ANC believed that British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher had supported the apartheid regime. He was eventually persuaded to proceed with his participation in the event by Archbishop Trevor Huddleston, president of the Anti-Apartheid Movement.

Event

Mandela was on stage for 45 minutes and received a standing ovation for the first eight minutes of this time period. During his time on stage, he called for sanctions against South Africa to be maintained and for people across the world to continue pressing for an apartheid's abolition.

Artist line-up
The musical line-up at the Wembley event included: Anita Baker, Bonnie Raitt, Chrissie Hynde, Jackson Browne, Lou Reed, Natalie Cole, Neil Young, Peter Gabriel, Simple Minds, Tracy Chapman and Stetsasonic, in addition to the following artists:

Aswad
Ben Elton
Caiphus Semenya
Daniel Lanois
Denzel Washington
Dudu Pukwana
Geoffrey Oryema
George Duke
Jerry Dammers
Johnny Clegg
Jonas Gwangwa
Jungle Brothers
Lenny Henry
Letta Mbulu
Little Steven
Manhattan Brothers
Mica Paris
Neneh Cherry
Neville Brothers
Patti LaBelle
Shikisha
Steven Van Zandt (Little Steven)
Terence Trent D'Arby
Youssou N’Dour

References

External links

Tony Hollingsworth's official website

Tribute, International
Rock festivals in England
Music festivals in London
Concerts at Wembley Stadium
Tribute concerts in the United Kingdom
1990 in London
1990 in music
April 1990 events in the United Kingdom


WUMM (91.1 FM) is a radio station licensed to Machias, Maine. The station is owned by the University of Maine System and operated by students of the University of Maine at Machias. Previous to 91.1, University of Maine at Machias operated a low power radio station on 90.5 and 90.7, then over the air at 91.7 and under its current license at 91.1.
.

History
In 1996 the Student Center at UMM decided that it would research and apply for a license to operate its first radio station. It was in the Spring of 1997 that WUMM first went out over the air as a leaky cable one watt radio station. In 2001, an internet broadcast was added, which allowed people to listen to the station anywhere in the world. In the Fall 2006, WUMM applied for a 100 watt Class A license, which was granted in the Summer of 2008. Over the next few months, the equipment was purchased. It was in January 2009 that WUMM began to broadcast over the air as a 100 watt radio station.

References

External links

WUMM Myspace

UMM
UMM
University of Maine at Machias
Machias, Maine
Radio stations established in 2009
2009 establishments in Maine


Milan "Minja" Subota (, ; 8 November 1938 – 17 September 2021) was a Serbian composer, musician, entertainer and photographer, born in Sarajevo. He was the host of the long-running children's TV show Muzički tobogan on RTS (formerly on TV Novi Sad). In 2021, he was awarded the Order of Karađorđe's Star.

Discography

Albums

Pop music albums
 Milan Subota (Melodiya, USSR D28485–6)
 Budi dobar prema njoj

Children's music albums
 Minja Subota and Ljubivoje Ršumović: Minja i Ršum (PGP RTB LP 66 6111)
 Pesme za decu (PGP RTB 2140322 STEREO)
 Dragan Laković and Minja Subota: Najlepše dečje pesme (PGP RTB 2140527)
 Minja Subota and Zlata Petković: Plavi čuperak (PGP RTB LP 6123 STEREO)
 Pesme iz Muzičkog tobogana (PGP RTB 2140470 STEREO)
 Deca su ukras sveta (PGP RTS CD 450082 STEREO)

EPs

Pop music EPs
 Milan Subota (Jugoton – EPY 3229)
 Milan Subota (PGP RTB EP 50217)
 Milan Subota (PGP RTB EP 50215)
 Milan Subota (PGP RTB EP 50216)
 Milan Subota (PGP RTB EP 50317)
 Lola Jovanović i Milan Subota (PGP RTB EP 50332)

Children's music EPs
 Telefonijada (PGP RTB EP 61042)
 Minja Subota and Kolibri Choir: Ečke tečke (PGP RTB EP 61047)
 Šansone (PGP RTB EP 50 394)
 One i oni – Aždaja svome čedu tepa (PGP RTB EP – 61043)

Books
 "Kako smo zabavljali Tita"

Notes and references

External links

 Official web site

1938 births
2021 deaths
Musicians from Sarajevo
Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbian television personalities
Serbian composers
Burials at Belgrade New Cemetery


Jacob "Jake" Flores (born July 22, 1978) is a retired American judoka who won a bronze medal in the flyweight (– 56 kg) division at the 1995 Pan American Games.

References

1978 births
Living people
American male judoka
Judoka at the 1995 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in judo
Medalists at the 1995 Pan American Games
Place of birth missing (living people)


Imre Kemecsey (born 11 February 1941) is a Hungarian sprint canoeist who competed in 1960s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, he won a silver in the K-1 4 × 500 m event at Rome in 1960.

Kemecsey also won two medals at the 1966 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in East Berlin with a silver in the K-1 4 × 500 m and a bronze in the K-1 1000 m events.

References

Sports-reference.com profile

1941 births
Canoeists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Hungarian male canoeists
Living people
Olympic canoeists for Hungary
Olympic silver medalists for Hungary
Olympic medalists in canoeing
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak
Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
20th-century Hungarian people


Acireale Cathedral (, Cattedrale Maria Santissima Annunziata) is a Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the city of Acireale in Sicily, province of Catania, Italy. It was declared the seat of the Bishop of Acireale in 1870.

The present cathedral building, which is located in the Piazza Duomo, was constructed as a simple parish church between 1597 and 1618 that was greatly enlarged a few years later when it received the relics of Saint Venera, one of the two patron saints of the city,. The structure survived the earthquake of 1693, and the present cathedral is a 17th-century building with significant additions from each succeeding century.

Of particular note are the Baroque portal representing the Annunciation by Placido Blandamonte of Messina, dating from 1668, combined with a Neo-Gothic west front by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile, completed after his death in 1891 to his plans, of c.1900. The two campaniles, in Mannerist style with octagonal bases, although identical in appearance, are centuries apart in construction: the one to the south is from 1655, as is the cupola, while the one to the north, as well as the rose window, are from 1890. The interior is 17th century Baroque. The interior decoration includes painting by Pietro Paolo Vasta, Francesco Mancini Ardizzone, Antonio Filocamo, Giuseppe Sciuti, Francesco Patanè, and Giacinto Platania.

Notes

External links

 Catholic Encyclopedia: Diocese of Aci-Reale
 Catholic Hierarchy: Diocese of Acireale
 Diocese of Acireale: official website

Roman Catholic cathedrals in Italy
Cathedrals in Sicily
Roman Catholic churches in Acireale
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1889


List of presidents of the Legislative Council of Barbados.

This position was succeeded by the President of the Senate of Barbados.

Sources
  Official website of the Parliament of Barbados

See also
 List of current presidents of assembly

Colonial government in Barbados
Politics of Barbados
Barbados, Legislative Council
Legislative Council Presidents


Anna Lisbet Kristina Rausing (born 9 June 1960) is a science historian and philanthropist. She is a co-founder of Arcadia, one of the UK's largest philanthropic foundations.

Early life
Lisbet Rausing is the eldest daughter of Hans Rausing and his wife Märit Rausing. She has one sister, Sigrid Rausing, and one brother, Hans Kristian Rausing.  Her grandfather, Ruben Rausing, was co-founder of the Swedish packaging company Tetra Pak.

Rausing studied History at the University of California, Berkeley (B.A., summa cum laude 1984) and completed an M.A. (1987) and Ph.D. (1993) in History at Harvard University.

Career
Harvard University Press published Rausing's scholarly biography of Carl Linnaeus, Linnaeus: Nature and Nation in 1999. Throughout her career she has published a range of articles on related subjects in scholarly journals including Isis, Representations, Configurations, and History of Political Economy.  She has also contributed to the Financial Times and The Sunday Telegraph, and has published a number of pieces on the evolution of archive digitization and on open access to scholarship.

Rausing is a senior research fellow at King's College.  She holds honorary doctorates from Uppsala University  and SOAS.  She is also an honorary fellow of the British Academy, the Linnean Society, the Royal Historical Society, The Royal Society of Biology and the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry. She was elected to the Harvard Board of Overseers (2005–2011) and Yad Hanadiv Advisory Committee (2001–2011). She served on the Cambridge Conservation Initiative Advisory Board from 2012 to 2022.

Philanthropy

Lisbet Rausing co-founded the Arcadia Fund in 2001 with her husband Professor Peter Baldwin. As of March 2022, the Fund has made grant commitments of over $919 million to charities and scholarly institutions globally that preserve cultural heritage and the environment and promote open access. Arcadia-funded projects include the Endangered Languages Documentation Programme at Berlin Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, the Endangered Archives Programme at the British Library and Fauna & Flora International's Halcyon Land and Sea fund. They are listed as one of the biggest benefactors to the Wikimedia Foundation and donated $5 million to the Wikimedia endowment in 2017 after Baldwin joined its advisory board.

Rausing and Baldwin also founded Lund Trust. Since 2002 Lund Trust has given more than $77.7 million to charities in the UK and internationally.

See also
 Rausing family

References

External links

Arcadia Fund
Biography at Imperial College
Harvard University Press

1960 births
Living people
English people of Swedish descent
Historians of science
Swedish philanthropists
Lisbet
Harvard University alumni
Fellows of the Royal Society of Biology
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Honorary Fellows of the British Academy


Beluga Shipping was a German heavy-lift shipping company in the Hanseatic city of Bremen.  It was a world market leader in heavy-lift shipping and also highly innovative in related fields. As such, it was the first to equip ships of its fleet with SkySails that can reduce fuel consumption by up to 5%, and was the first company to send a heavy-lift ship from Europe to Asia along the Northern Sea Route through the Arctic Ocean rather than through the Suez Canal. The company was declared insolvent in March 2011, affecting 670 employees.

History

Beluga Shipping was founded in Bremen in December 1995 by entrepreneur Niels Stolberg, initially as a cargo operator. In 1998, the company acquired its first vessel, the multipurpose heavy-lift carrier MV Beluga Obsession. In 1999, the company built its first new vessel, the MV Werder Bremen. Beluga Shipping grew significantly during the following years. By May 2010, 69 multipurpose heavy-lift carriers were in service for the company, with crane capacities reaching 1,400 tons in tandem usage (P-series). The fleet further increased to 70 units by end of 2010. The company offered trade lane management but concentrated on tramp shipping, meaning each transport was organized individually according to the requirements of the cargo and the port of loading and destination.

Since 2001, Beluga Shipping expanded its global network. By March 2009, the company ran twelve branch offices on five continents: Rotterdam, The Netherlands; London, United Kingdom; Stavanger, Norway; Moscow, Russia; Mumbai, India; Shanghai and Beijing, China; Tokyo, Japan; Singapore; Sydney, Australia; São Paulo, Brazil and Houston, United States. On the so-called Teerhof close to the Weser River in Bremen the new headquarters of the company was inaugurated in June 2009.

Due to the global recession, from 2010 on Beluga Shipping relied increasingly on financial help by the US financial investment firm Oaktree Capital Management. Since 28 February 2011 developments indicated that Oaktree Capital Management, shareholder with 49.5%, wanted to take over the Beluga-Group. The German Bundeskartellamt confirmed this.

On 3 March 2011, Niels Stolberg's retirement as CEO was announced and Oaktree appointee Roger Lliffe followed on his chair. With Stolberg, a few other leading managers were replaced.

Soon after Oaktree's takeover, the company filed for bankruptcy. Oaktree subsequently founded a new heavy-lift shipping company with part of the Beluga Fleet, the Hamburg-based  Hansa Heavy Lift.

Business segments
Core competence of Beluga Shipping was the sea transport of project and heavy-lift cargo. The group was judicially divided into three companies. Beluga Shipping GmbH formed a holding company and was responsible for the strategic planning, finance, marketing, human resources etc. Beluga Chartering GmbH provided for the affreightment of the Beluga fleet with cargo. The Beluga Fleet Management GmbH & Co. KG was responsible for the seagoing personnel, the nautical and technical management of the vessels as well as the newbuilding of vessels.

Research & Innovation
As one of few companies in this sector, Beluga Shipping ran its own research and innovation department. Furthermore, Beluga Shipping was initiator of the public private partnership project Maritime Campus Elsfleth of which the Maritime Research Centre Elsfleth formed a part. The Maritime Campus Elsfleth aimed for the promotion of science, economy, education and research in the maritime sector. Beluga Shipping operated the world's first newly built vessel co-powered by wind using a towing kite system. The goal of MV  was to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. It was first tested on the ship Beluga SkySails, launched December 15, 2007 in Hamburg, which was equipped with a sail that could reduce fuel consumption by 5.5% on parts of the route.
Further, a ship from the Beluga Group was the first to traverse the icy Northern Sea Route through the Arctic Ocean in the summer of 2009. The passage is 1/3 shorter compared to traversing through the Mediterranean and the Suez Canal.
The company was recognised by Hermann Simon as a role model for other small to medium-sized business in his book Hidden Champions.

Criminal Investigation
In 2012, the public prosecutor in Bremen found that the Beluga Eternity (a ship from the Beluga E-Series) had transported rockets and 16 Russian tanks in July 2009 from the Ukrainian port of Oktyabrsk to Myanmar, while the latter was a military dictatorship and subject to an arms embargo of the EU.  Similarly, the Beluga Endurance was found to have transported tanks and munition from Oktyabrsk to Mombasa for further transportation to the newly created state of South Sudan. However, in both cases the ship was leased at that time and knowledge of the operation on part of Beluga Shipping could not be proven. Niels Stolberg was cleared of these charges.
The Bremen public prosecutor referred the case of the Myanmar Shipment to the Federal Public Prosecutor in Karlsruhe, as it suspected involvement by personnel of Germany's Bundesnachrichtendienst in the case. However, the Federal Public Prosecutor saw no grounds for hearing the case and referred it back to the Bremen public prosecutor.

In February 2013, the Bremen public prosecutor opened a new process against Niels Stolberg and a Dutch shipping company for having engaged in credit fraud in the amount of 93 million Euro. The companies are accused of having declared much higher production costs of ships to their banks and credit-granting institutions, thus raising the latter's share from 70% to 100%. If proven guilty, Stolberg could be imprisoned for up to three years.

Beluga Shipping is also accused of having manipulated accounts to improve the company's financial balance between 2006 and 2010. In 2009, the company claimed a transaction volume of 415 million Euro. This was partially achieved by claiming possession of much more power fuel than the entire shipping fleet could comprise.

Social Responsibility
The educational concept of Beluga Shipping was unique in the maritime business. On six training vessels and additional units of the Beluga fleet, the Sea Academy of Beluga Shipping offered up to 160 cadets a year of training. The training vessels were equipped with an additional deck including the accommodation for the cadets, a class room and a maritime library. In addition, Beluga Shipping financed several professorships at the University of Applied Sciences Oldenburg/Ostfriesland/Wilhelmshaven and the University of Applied Sciences Bremen. The international study course Shipping & Chartering (ISSC) was developed in cooperation with Beluga Shipping and the University of Applied Sciences Bremen. Social responsibility was a substantial part of the corporate philosophy. In response to the misery and destruction caused by the tsunami catastrophe in 2004, Beluga Shipping built up the "Beluga School for Life", a village in Thailand for orphans and other juvenile victims. The aims of the project were to provide shelter for the children in family-like accommodations and to provide education intended to break the circle of poverty.

Competitors in Germany
 Schifffahrtskontor Altes Land GmbH & Co. KG
 Rickmers Reederei GmbH & Cie. kg
 BBC Chartering & Logistic GmbH & Co. KG
 Harren & Partner Ship Management GmbH  & Co. KG

References

External links

 Beluga Group
 Beluga School for Life
 Sea Academy

Shipping companies of Germany
Transport in Bremen (state)