Perfect 10, Inc. v. CCBill LLC, 488 F.3d 1102 (9th Cir. 2007), is a U.S. court case between a publisher of an adult entertainment magazine and the webhosting, connectivity, and payment service companies. The plaintiff Perfect 10 asserted that defendants CCBill (payment service company) and CWIE (webhosting and connectivity service company) violated copyright, trademark, and state law violation of right of publicity laws, unfair competition, false and misleading advertising by providing services to websites that posted images stolen from Perfect 10's magazine and website. Defendants sought to invoke statutory safe harbor exemptions from copyright infringement liability under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 512, and from liability for state law unfair competition, false advertising claims and right of publicity based on Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, 47 U.S.C. § 230(c)(1).

Facts
The plaintiff, Perfect 10 (P10), is a publisher of an adult entertainment magazine and the owner of the subscription website perfect10.com. The website features around 5,000 images of models that are created by the company that are accessible to only registered paying members. P10 holds publicity rights on many of the models in these images. It also has the registered U.S. copyrights for images and owns several related registered trademarks and service marks.

The defendant CWIE provides webhosting and related Internet connectivity service to various websites. In particular, the company provides "ping, power and pipe" services by making sure that the server is on, power is provided to the server, and the clients are connected to the Internet via a data center connection.

The defendant CCBill provide payment services that let consumers use credit cards or checks to pay e-commerce venues.

On August 10, 2001, P10 sent letters and emails to Thomas A. Fisher, the Executive Vice-President and the designated agent to receive notices of infringement of CCBill and CWIE, claiming that the two companies' clients were infringing P10 copyrights.

Case history
On September 30, 2002, P10 filed lawsuit against the defendants alleging copyright and trademark violations, state law violation of right of publicity laws, unfair competition, false and misleading advertising, and Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) claims, because the defendants provided services to websites that posted stolen images from P10's magazine and website. In favor of CCBill and CWIE, based on the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), the district court found that CCBill and CWIE qualified for certain statutory safe harbors from copyright infringement liability, and they are also immune from liability for state law unfair competition and false advertising claims under the Communications Decency Act (CDA).  In favor of P10, the court found the defendants violated P10's publicity right, and requested defendants to pay for P10's costs and attorney's fees under the Copyright Act.

Both sides cross-appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit against the above holdings.

Safe harbors
The DMCA established certain safe harbors to "provide protection from liability for: transitory digital network communications; system caching; information residing on systems or networks at the direction of users; and information location tools." (17 U.S.C §§ 512(a)-(d))

P10 alleged that CCBill and CWIE did not qualify for the safe harbors protection for various reasons.

Reasonably implemented policy
To be eligible for any of the four safe harbors, a service provider must satisfy a series of conditions (17 U.S.C § 512(i)). One such condition requires the service provider to adopt and reasonably implement a policy that will terminate users who are repeat infringers in appropriate circumstances.

In this case, the court further explained that a service provider implements a policy if it has a working notification system, a procedure for dealing with DMCA-compliant notifications, and if it does not actively prevent copyright owners from collecting information needed to issue complaints. An implementation is reasonable if, under "appropriate circumstances," the service provider terminates users who repeatedly or blatantly infringe copyright.

"Implementation"
P10 referenced a single page from CCBill and CWIE's "DMCA Log," and showed some missing webmaster names in the spreadsheet. P10 argued that CCBill and CWIE failed to keep track of repeatedly infringing webmasters, thereby preventing the implementation of their policies. However, the remainder of the log, which contains email addresses and/or names of webmasters and a chart included in the interrogatory responses (December 11, 2003), indicated that CCBill and CWIE did largely keep track of the webmaster for each website.

The Ninth Circuit upheld the district court's finding that P10 had not proved CCBill's and CWIE's failure to implement a repeat infringer policy.

"Reasonableness"
Section 512(c) protects service provider from being liable for monetary relief if it does not know of infringement, or if it acts "expeditiously to remove, or disable access to, the material" when it has actual knowledge, is aware of facts or circumstances from which infringing activity is apparent, or has received notification of claimed infringement meeting a list of requirements outlining the elements should be included in a notification (17 U.S.C § 512(c)(3)).

P10 claimed that CCBill and CWIE unreasonably implemented their repeat infringer policies by tolerating flagrant and blatant copyright infringement by its users despite notice of infringement from P10, notice of infringement from other copyright holders (not a party in this case) and "red flags" of copyright infringement.

Notification requirements

The district court found that P10 did not provide notice that substantially complied with the notification requirements. Although P10 claimed that it met the requirements through a combination of sets of documents that it sent to CCBill and CWIE on three different occasions, both the district court and the Ninth Circuit found that service providers could not be expected to piece together information from separate notices. The DMCA specifically indicates that the burden of policing copyright infringement should be placed on the owners of the copyright. Both courts held that knowledge of infringement could not be imputed to CCBill or CWIE. P10's claim that CCBill and CWIE failed to reasonably implement a repeat infringer policy was also not tenable.

Red flag test

A service provider may lose immunity if it fails to take action when it is aware of the infringing activity because the activity is apparent (§ 512(c)(1)(A)(ii)).

Perfect 10 alleged that CCBill and CWIE were aware of a number of "red flags" that signaled apparent infringement, claiming CWIE and CCBill provided services to websites with names (like illegal.net and stolencelebritypics.com) or disclaimers that suggest apparent infringement. In addition, CWIE also possibly committed contributory infringement by hosting password-hacking websites. In contrary, the court found neither the names nor the disclaimers clearly flagged apparent infringing activity. The court argued that there might be reasons other than announcing the infringement in choosing those names (for example, being appealing to a certain group of audience), and the disclaimer in question (illegal.net) did not make infringement apparent.  In terms of the password-hacking websites, the court decided that the sites themselves did not present apparent infringement without further investigation, and service providers should not be imposed with the responsibility to determine whether the passwords enable infringement.

Remanded issues

The Ninth Circuit disagreed with the district court in declining to consider evidence of notices and "red flags" raised by third parties other than P10. The Ninth Circuit found they are relevant and remanded to the district court the determination of whether CCBill and/or CWIE responded to notices appropriately and implemented its repeat infringer policy in an unreasonable manner in other cases.

Standard technical measures

P10 argued that CCBill interfered with "standard technical measures" by blocking P10's access to CCBill affiliated websites to prevent P10 from discovering copyright infringement. P10 claimed that CCBill does not qualify for the safe harbor protection because the law states a service provider that interferes with "standard technical measures" that are used to identify or protect copyrighted works is not entitled to the safe harbor (§ 512(i)(1)(B)).

CCBill explained that the charge card employed by P10 for the purposes of establishing access to the affiliated web sites had been declined as a matter of policy—not because the pending membership was suspected of being established for the purposes of investigation, but because the credit card account had been implicated in previous chargebacks. According to the defendants, P10's method of identifying infringement involved reversing previous charges for subscriptions, which imposed a substantial cost for CCBill.

The Ninth Circuit was unable to determine whether membership is a standard technical measure, and remanded to the district court for a determination of these claims.

Transitory digital network communications: § 512(a)

Section 512(a) provides safe harbor for service providers who offer "the transmission, routing, or providing of connections for digital online communications, between or among points specified by a user, of material of the user's choosing, without modification to the content of the material as sent or received." The court agrees that the credit card information and proof of payment transmitted by CCBill are "digital online communications." However, the court could not conclude whether CCBill is a service provider under § 512(a), due to the lack of knowledge on how CCBill sends the payment it receives to its account holders. The Ninth Circuit therefore remanded to the district court for further consideration on this issue.

Information location tools: § 512(d)

Section 512(d) provides service providers protection against copyright infringement by reason of referring or linking users to an online location containing infringing material or infringing activity by using information location tools, including hypertext link. CCBill argued that it fell under this safe harbor because it displays a hyperlink to provide access to the user to access the client website at the end of the consumer transaction. The court disagreed with the claim by pointing out the majority of CCBill's functions are outside providing information location services. In addition, P10 did not claim that CCBill infringed its copyrights by providing a hyperlink; rather, the alleged infringement was through other services provided by CCBill. Therefore, CCBill should not qualify for the § 512(d) safe harbor.

Information residing on systems or networks at the direction of users: § 512(c)

The court disagreed with P10 and its claim about CWIE receiving direct financial benefit from the infringing activity. The fact that CWIE hosted sites for a fee unrelated to the amount of infringing material, and P10 failed to provide sound evidence about such benefit, which led the court to decide CWIE did meet the requirements of § 512(c), which limits liability for claims of infringement for storage at the direction of a user of material that resides on a system or network controlled or operated by or for the service provider. The court finds that CWIE is entitled to safe harbor under § 512(c) if the district court determines CWIE meets the threshold requirements stated in § 512(i).

Communications Decency Act (CDA)

CDA gives federal immunity to the providers of interactive computer services and prevents them from being treated as the publishers or speakers of any information provided by another information content providers (§§ 230(c)). However, CDA does not protect against violations of "intellectual property," and the court held that the term means only federal intellectual property, not state regimes, in this case, like right of publicity. The court argued that, otherwise, this protection would have to vary from state to state, and national providers would have trouble determining the appropriate interventions required in different circumstance. In this case, the court found CCBill and CWIE are eligible for CDA immunity for all the claims raised by P10.

Direct copyright infringement

P10 alleged that CCBill and CWIE directly infringed its copyright through its website, hornybees.com. hornybees.com has posted pictures of a P10 model's body without P10's authorization with the head of a celebrity. However, it was unclear about the relationship between CCBill/CWIE and the site. CWIE stated that the site is operated by CCBucks, and CCBill and CWIE have no interest in hornybees.com. However, some evidence has implied that the two companies might be involved more deeply. The Ninth Circuit remanded the issue for determination by the district count.

See also
Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act
List of leading legal cases in copyright law
Wolk v. Kodak Imaging Network Inc.

References

External links

U.S. Copyright Office Summary of DMCA
Technology & Marketing Law Blog wrote on the case

2007 in United States case law
Digital Millennium Copyright Act case law
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit cases
Perfect 10 (magazine) litigation


National Road 124 is a national road of Cambodia. The road starts roughly  east of Kampong Speu off National Highway 1, following on from National Road 51 in a southerly direction. At Khum Srang the road connects with National Road 125 which leads directly north-west to Kampong Speu.

The road continues south passing through Prey Chek District before joining National Highway 3 several kilometres west of Dam Thnam.

References

Roads in Cambodia


Events in the year 1860 in Norway.

Incumbents
Monarch: Charles IV

Events
 5 August - Charles XV of Sweden and Louise of the Netherlands was crowned King and Queen of Norway in Trondheim. Louise was the first queen to be crowned in Norway since the Middle Ages.

Arts and literature

Births

January to June
17 January – Erik Ramstad, one of the founders of Minot, North Dakota (died 1951)
3 February – Rudolf Krefting, physician (died 1942).
28 February – Carl Georg Barth, Norwegian-American mathematician and mechanical engineer (died 1939)
6 April – Anders Hovden, hymnwriter, priest, author and popular speaker (died 1943)
29 April – Bertrand Narvesen, businessperson (died 1939)
30 May – Helga Estby, noted for her walk across the United States during 1896 (died 1942)
11 June – Oda Krohg, painter (died 1935)
30 June – Karl Sigwald Johannes Bull, military officer, politician and Minister (died 1936)

July to December
13 August – Lars Osa, artist (died 1943)
20 August – Nils Gregoriussen Skilbred, politician (died 1943)
27 August – Carl Anton Larsen, mariner and Antarctic explorer (died 1924)
6 September – Axel Holst, professor of hygiene and bacteriology (died 1931)
8 November – Anna Sofie Jakobsen, missionary to China (died 1913)

Full date unknown
Harald Bjerke, businessperson (died 1926)

Deaths

8 March – Lorentz Lange, judge and politician (born 1783)
8 April – Hans Eleonardus Møller, Sr., businessperson (born 1780)
22 June – Christian Hersleb Horneman, jurist and politician (born 1781).
28 July – Per Ivarson Undi, early homesteader in Wisconsin Territory (born 1803)

Full date unknown
Ole Wilhelm Erichsen, politician and Minister (born 1793)
Lars Bastian Ridder Stabell, politician (born 1798)

See also

References


The 1946–47 Serie C was the ninth edition of Serie C, the third highest league in the Italian football league system.

Legend

Northern Italy
Northern Italy sides were divided in nine rounds (gironi). The winners qualified to a tournament to determine the three teams promoted to 1947–48 Serie B.

Girone A
Liguria

Girone B
Piedmont

Girone C
Western Lombardy

Girone D
Eastern Piedmont, southern Lombardy and Emilia

Girone E
Northern Lombardy

Girone F
Eastern Lombardy

Girone G
Western Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

Girone H
Eastern Veneto

Girone I
Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Finals

Girone A

Girone B

Girone C

Bolzano, Meganta and Vita Nova promoted to 1947–48 Serie B.

Central Italy
Central Italy sides were divided in six rounds (gironi). The winners qualified to a tournament to determine the two teams promoted to 1947–48 Serie B.

Girone A
Emilia

Girone B
Umbria, Marche and Romagna

Girone C
Northern Tuscany

Girone D
Southern Tuscany

Girone E
Lazio and Umbria

Girone F
Abruzzo and Marche

Final round

Southern Italy
Southern Italy sides were divided in three rounds (gironi). The winners and the runners-up qualified to a tournament to determine the sole team promoted to 1947–48 Serie B.

Girone A
Campania

Girone B
Apulia and Campania

Girone C
Calabria and Sicily

Final round

Serie C seasons
3
Italy


Medisafe International is a United Kingdom-based company that develops and manufactures products in the field of surgical instrument reprocessing. In 1985, Medisafe introduced the Sonic Irrigation technology to the medical device market. The company has a representation with manufacturing sites in the UK and offices in Florida, Hamburg, Oslo, Buenos Aires and Malta. Medisafe International won the Millennium Price in Great Britain.

History

Established in 1991, Medisafe is a specialist manufacturer of stainless steel medical equipment, which has been working in the instrument reprocessing area since 1985. As of 2009, Medisafe is an ISO9001 / ISO13485 registered company with five factories in the UK and sales to over 60 countries. The company provides numerous machines, instrument care products and cleaning chemistries in healthcare facilities.

In 1999, Medisafe America LLC was opened to cover the US market from its base in Florida, followed by Medisafe Germany GmbH in 2002. These operate as sales service and support operations. There is also a regional office in Norway. The base in Oslo manages the Scandinavian/Japanese markets.

In 2005, a new in house research and development facility was opened in the UK to increase the speed control and flexibility over new product design. 3D CAD technology is used to validate designs before prototyping and then manufacture.

Innovation

Sonic Irrigation
Sonic Irrigation uses a combination of ultrasonic technology and a complex flushing system to ensure that all internal and external areas of complex and critical surgical instruments are cleaned.  By combining the flushing and ultrasonics, the three elements of an effective cleaning process are achieved inside the surgical instrument; namely: dilution, detergent and mechanical action.

The absence of any one of these parameters in ANY cleaning process (washing the car, washing the dishes, the dog or even having a shower) will lead to a poor cleaning result.  The flushing of a surgical instrument by itself is not sufficient to remove bio-burden as flushing alone does not produce a mechanical action.  It is only when we combine the flushing (dilution & detegent) with ultrasonics (mechanical action) that we can successfully remove debris from the lumens and channels of instruments used for Minimal Invasive/Key Hole Surgery.

The ultrasonic portion of the process can be thought of as millions of scrubbing brushes working to break down the residues left behind by the surgical process.

Medisafe's Sonic Irrigation process parameters has been recognized as an effective method for reprocessing instruments manufactured by Boss and the CONMED Corporation.  As well as that, the Medisafe SI PCF System has been tested and validated for cleaning da Vinci EndoWrist instruments.

The elimination of transmissible agents such as bacteria, viruses and spore forms can be achieved through the usage of chemicals, low and high pressure, appropriate temperatures, ultrasonics and irrigation.
Sonic irrigation is widely recognized across the world as an effective means for successfully cleaning instruments prior to disinfection and sterilization.

It is understood in the instrument reprocessing fraternity that an instrument must be clean before it is disinfected and sterilized.  A dirty instrument can never be considered sterile!  This means that residues must be removed from all parts of the instruments…any remaining residues on an instrument will form a barrier to effective sterilization.

The Sonic Irrigation process is the appropriate method for cleaning instruments used in laparoscopic surgery, arthroscopic surgery, orthopedic surgery, ophthalmic surgery among others.  It is also fair to say that the Sonic Irrigation process isn’t to be used for flexible and rigid endoscopes or instruments such as Phaco handpieces used in Cataract procedures.

Fine lumen cleaner
Medisafe's fine lumen cleaner was awarded for the Millennium Product. Millennium Products set out to find examples of the best in British design, creativity and innovation. To attain the Millennium Product Status, products and services had to open up new opportunities, be environmentally responsible, demonstrate the application of new technology and solve a key problem.
The Sonic Irrigator was the first instrument reprocessing system to address the increasing challenges of complex, critical instrument cleaning/decontamination.
The company manufactures in an Amtac ISO 9001, ISO 13485 quality environments to UL, CSA, CE requirements, complying with ISO 15883 - HTM2030 standards, guidelines for washer disinfectors and IEC 60601-1 Electrical safety standards. The technology of Medisafe’s dual performance Niagara W/D, with both Sonic Irrigation and conventional washing/disinfection is a successful contribution in advanced surgical instrument reprocessing.

See also
Instruments used in general surgery

References

External links

Medical technology companies of the United Kingdom
Surgical instrument manufacturers
Companies based in East Hertfordshire District
Manufacturing companies established in 1991
1991 establishments in the United Kingdom


The FAI Cup 1929/30 was the ninth edition of Ireland's premier cup competition, The Football Association of Ireland Challenge Cup or FAI Cup. The tournament began on 4 January 1930 and concluded on 17 March with the final held at Dalymount Park, Dublin. An official attendance of 17,000 people watched Shamrock Rovers claim the second of five FAI Cup titles in a row by defeating Brideville with a controversial late goal.

First round

Second round

Semi-finals

Replay

Final

Notes
A.  From 1923 to 1936, the FAI Cup was known as the Free State Cup.

B.  Attendances were calculated using gate receipts which limited their accuracy as a large proportion of people, particularly children, attended football matches in Ireland throughout the 20th century for free by a number of means.

C.  Fixture abandoned due to bad weather. Re-Fixture played on 8 January.

References
General

External links
FAI Website

1929-30
1929–30 in Irish association football
FAI Cup


Ysgol Garth Olwg  (previously named Ysgol Gyfun Rhydfelen and Ysgol Gyfun Garth Olwg), English Garth Olwg School is a Welsh-medium comprehensive school in the village of Church Village near Pontypridd, in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. It was the first Welsh language comprehensive school in the south of Wales.

Attention was brought upon the school in 2009 with the revival of a campaign to retain the name of Ysgol Gyfun Rhydfelen, for reasons of historical significance, in protest over the local council's decision to rename the school Ysgol Gyfun Garth Olwg.

Description
Ysgol Gyfun Garth Olwg is a Welsh medium school, all subjects apart from English are taught in the Welsh language.

Approximately 1000 students are on the school roll, including 160 students studying at sixth form. About ninety-two percent of pupils come from homes where the main language is English as against eight percent from homes where Welsh is the main language. A new school magazine, Bytholwyrdd, has been published every quarter since 2006.

The school itself consists of five blocks; Berthlwyd, Celyn, Drysgoed, Maendy and Pentwyn.

The school currently has six feeder primary schools. They are:

Ysgol Gynradd Gymraeg Castellau (Beddau), Ysgol Gynradd Gymraeg Evan James (Pontypridd), Ysgol Gynradd Gymraeg Garth Olwg (Church Village), Ysgol Gynradd Heol-y-celyn, Ysgol Gynradd Gymraeg Gwaelod y Garth, Ysgol Gynradd Gymraeg Pont Sion Norton.(Pontypridd)

School badge

The old school badge depicted a coal tip or a mountain of coal which was once a common sight in the locality and the green is the grass growing down below. It was supposed to symbolise that the Welsh language will one day grow over the people like the grass will one day grow over the mountain of coal.

The new badge depicts a mountain range in the shape of a 'G', for Garth Olwg and Gymraeg ("Cymraeg" meaning the Welsh language, with a soft mutation). The mountain is the Garth Mountain, where the school derives its name.

History

Ysgol Rhydfelen (Now Ysgol Gyfun Garth Olwg) was established in 1962 in the village of Rhydyfelin near Pontypridd. It was the first Welsh-language comprehensive school in the south of Wales and the second to be established in the country. In the first year 80 pupils were on the school roll.

Gwilym Humphreys was the first headmaster of Ysgol Rhydfelen. He was born in Wallasey, England, the son of a Presbyterian minister and raised in the mining village of Rhosllannerchrugog, Denbighshire.

As the school grew, a house system was developed to group the children.  In Welsh they were called llysoedd (plural; llys singular). Up to 1973 there were three Houses: Dinefwr (dark blue), Ifor Hael (red) and Sycharth (yellow). In 1973, when the school had grown to nearly 1,000 pupils, the number of llysoedd was increased to six. They were named Dafydd (dark blue), Gruffydd (light blue), Hywel (yellow), Iolo (red), Llywelyn (purple), and Owain (orange).

The school had its own magazine called Na Nog, which was published annually.

The buildings were grouped roughly into three blocks and named after the Welsh kingdoms of Gwent, Powys and Dyfed. The buildings in Gwent were the oldest and dated from the Second World War. Powys was a three-storey building with classrooms, a canteen (called y ffreutur), a swimming pool and staff offices. Dyfed was a two-storey building with classrooms, a hall and the school library. The school gymnasium burned down and was replaced by a new gymnasium in approximately 1977. The Ysgol Rhydfelen buildings were opened for the last time on 8 July 2006 for ex-pupils, teachers and parents to pay a final visit. The gymnasium survived intact until 2007, when the school site was demolished. The old school site also had a large on-site Rugby Field, and tennis courts.

In September 2006, the school moved to a new site as part of the Gartholwg Community Campus complex in Church Village, which consists of Ysgol Gynradd Garth Olwg Welsh medium primary school, Church Village library, Garth Olwg nursery, Garth Olwg Lifelong Learning Centre and the replacement building for Ysgol Gyfun Rhydfelen.

In 2011, the school received a Band Five (lowest) rating by the Welsh Assembly Government.

School Name

When the school re-located to the Garth Olwg campus in 2006, Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council stated that a name change, to Ysgol Gyfun Garth Olwg, was logical. However, this change was met with opposition from pupils, parents, former pupils, and staff at the school, who wished to retain the old name, Ysgol Gyfun Rhydfelen, in order to retain the identity of the school and the historical associations that its name held.

The petitions committee of the Welsh Assembly heard a petition, presented by the acting head teacher Dr. Philip Ellis, in October and November 2007.

On 16 March 2009, a letter was released, from the chairman of the Governing body, informing the school's parents and pupils of the recent decision by the Governing Body in relation to the name of the School. In a meeting of the Governing Body with representatives of the Local Authority in the Autumn Term of 2008 (with no pupil representation), it was pressed upon the Governors that the legal name of the school was Ysgol Gyfun Garth Olwg and that it was required to recognise this. Realising that it had no real choice in the matter, the Governing Body voted to recognise Ysgol Gyfun Garth Olwg as the name of the school.

Although the name of the school continued to be Garth Olwg officially, events at the start of 2009 meant that the school's name was re-considered. Certain Rhondda Cynon Taf councillors supported the continuation of Rhydfelen. Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council considered the issue in a meeting held on 22 April 2009, deciding not to change the name back to Rhydfelen.

Clywch enquiry on child abuse

The report of the Clywch enquiry on allegations of [child sex abuse] at Ysgol Gyfun Rhydfelen was published in June 2004 following a Public Inquiry chaired by Peter Clarke, Children's Commissioner for Wales. Clywch is the Welsh word for 'hear'.

The report highlighted serious failings within the school and Education Authority which allowed the drama teacher John Owen to abuse pupils over a number of years. Complaints about Owen dated back to 1983/4 but were ignored.

After the publication of the Clywch Report, nine former pupils of the school brought a legal action to claim damages for the injuries caused to them.  All nine cases were settled before trial by December 2008.

Examination results
At GCSE, the percentage of pupils gaining at least five grades A*-C, including English/Welsh and Maths is 57%.

Notable former pupils

The notable alumni in the following list attended 'Ysgol Gyfun Rhydfelen' pre 2006:

Actors: Richard Harrington, Ieuan Rhys, Jeremi Cockram, Daniel Evans, Richard Lynch, Lisa Palfrey, Maria Pride, and Geraint Todd.

Computer scientist Rob Hartill who is best known for his work on the Internet Movie Database website and the Apache web server.

Broadcasters and Journalists: BBC political reporter and presenter Ciaran Jenkins.

Politicians: Jon Owen Jones MP, Bethan Jenkins AM, Delyth Evans former AM, and Dafydd Trystan Davies, former Chief Executive of Plaid Cymru.

Sports-players include footballers Owain Warlow who played for Welsh League Club Llanelli, Matthew Maksimovic who earned 5 Wales Veterans Caps and also played for Pontypridd Town and Merthyr Tydfil FC, and Welsh international rugby player Kevin Morgan.

Writers and poets: Gwyneth Lewis, first National Poet for Wales, Gwyn Morgan (writer) and Catrin Dafydd.

Musicians: singer-songwriter Katell Keineg.

Notable former members of staff

Huw Bunford guitarist in the rock band, Super Furry Animals was former Head of Art at the school.

John Owen, creator of the Welsh Television children's series. Pam Fi Duw? and author of the series of books of the same name, was a Drama teacher at the school. He committed suicide in 2001 after having been arrested and charged with serious criminal offences against children.

Gallery

References

External links
 School website
 Lifelong Learning Centre Website
 Photos of Rhydfelen after it closed.

Secondary schools in Rhondda Cynon Taf
Educational institutions established in 1962
Welsh-language schools
1962 establishments in Wales


Khum Srang is a small town in Kong Pisei District in Kampong Speu Province, Cambodia. The National Road 124 passes through the town in a north–south direction while the National Road 125 passes from east to west and then leading north-west to connect the town to Kampong Speu.

External links
Map of Khum Srang

Towns in Cambodia
Populated places in Kampong Speu province


Johannes Baptista van Neercassel (Gorinchem, 1626 – Zwolle, 6 June 1686) served as Archbishop of Utrecht from 1661 to 1686.

Life
Neercassel was born in Gorinchem, where his father was a wealthy brewer and city alderman. He probably received his first education from his uncle, who was a pastor, and continued his studies with the Crosiers at Cuijk. In 1642 he began his study of philosophy at Louvain where he lived at the Holland College. In 1645 he joined the Oratorians in Paris. He continued his theological studies at Saumur where he taught philosophy from 1647 to 1650. He was ordained priest probably in 1650 and taught philosophy at the Oratorian seminary in Paris.

Dutch mission
In 1652 Neercassel moved to the Oratory in Louvin, becoming lector in theology at the major seminary in Mechlin. He then worked as a chaplain in Rotterdam and Utrecht before becoming vicar general to Jacobus de la Torre, Apostolic Vicar of the Dutch Mission. In June 1662 he was appointed coadjutor to De la Torre's successor Boudewijn Catz and was consecrated titular bishop of Castorie. Neercassel very soon assumed administration of the mission when it became apparent that Catz was suffering from a mental illness. and was himself appointed vicar apostolic in 1663. The Dutch Republic was an officially Protestant country where Catholicism was outlawed and reduced to a minority faith. Neercassel maintained good relations with the civil authorities of the Dutch Republic, winning some degree of tolerance for Catholics.

Neercassel was an admirer of Charles Borromeo and shared the Archbishop of Milan's views of the necessity of improving the quality of the clergy, both educationally and morally. While Neercassel was a demanding bishop, he was no less demanding of himself, preaching, visiting parishes, and administering sacraments across the northern Netherlands. In 1570 he went to Rome to defend the interests of the secular clergy against those of the regulars, particularly the Jesuits and the Spanish ambassador.

His authority did not go unchallenged. As in England, the Catholic mission depended on lay support in the form of money, places of worship, and protection. Dutch historian L.J. Rogier said "...that the existence of Catholic enclaves in the nineteenth-century Netherlands was the result of the protection and patronage of missionary priests during the Dutch Republic by noble families who had, both secretly and openly, opposed the proselytising policies of the Calvinist authorities." Catholic noblemen, in turn,  maintained that they enjoyed patronage rights over clandestine Catholic churches and chapels in their seigneuries, i.e., the right to nominate priests to these churches. Neercassel saw this as a matter of episcopal authority and refused to recognize any such right, holding that any such privilege was granted by the bishop, not inherited. Regular clergy were already established in cities such as Amsterdam and more rural communities had long relied on the ministry of monasteries. People developed strong ties with the regular clergy, whose support of the vicar, particularly among the Jesuits, was often less than enthusiastic. In 1684, Pope Innocent XI upheld Neercassel.

After the capture of Utrecht by the French in 1672, the French authorised Catholics to worship publicly. St. Martin's Cathedral was returned to Catholic use and Van Neercassel celebrated Mass there many times. On 22 August 1673 he even organised a major procession of the Holy Sacrament through the city streets. He hoped to re-establish Utrecht as an episcopal seat, but Rome showed much hesitation on the issue, the Holy See being unfavourable to the seat being restored under French protection.

The liberties Catholics had gained came to an end in 1673, when the French were forced to retreat from Utrecht. Although there was little thought of reprisals by the Protestants, Van Neercassel judged it expedient to leave the Dutch Republic temporarily, continuing the Mission's work first from Antwerp and later from Huissen, where he founded a Latin school in 1676. He died on a visitation trip to Zwolle on 6 June 1686 of complications from pneumonia.

A respected figure on the international stage, with an excellent network of contacts in France and Rome, Johannes van Neercassel represented spiritualist Jansenism and had good relations with Port-Royal. In time the Jesuits succeeded in undermining his position and his theological work Amor poenitens (1683) was put on the Index of Prohibited Books after his death.

References

Sources
 De Katholieke Encyclopaedie (Amsterdam, 1938)
 M.Chr.M. Molenaar / G.A.M. Abbink, Dertienhonderd jaar bisdom Utrecht (Baarn, 1995)

1625 births
1686 deaths
Apostolic vicars of the Holland (Batavia) Mission
Jansenists
Oratorians
People from Gorinchem
Old University of Leuven alumni
University of Paris alumni
Academic staff of the Old University of Leuven


Lucknow Metro is a mass rapid transit (MRT) system in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The metro is owned and operated by the Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation (UPMRC).

Along with Meerut Metro, Noida Metro, Kanpur, Agra, it is one of the 5 operational metro networks in Uttar Pradesh.

Construction of the line begun on 27 September 2014 with the  stretch from  to Charbagh Railway Station which began its commercial operation on 5 September 2017. Full operation on Red Line stretch from  to  began operation on 9 March 2019. The Lucknow metro project is the most expensive transport system in Uttar Pradesh to date with an estimated total cost for Phase 1A (Red Line) and 1B (Blue Line) of about $2 billion, of which  is being spent on phase 1A.

History
The original design of the metro project included one north-south and one east-west corridor, with links through Gomti Nagar. Estimated costs for the north-south corridor were ,  for the east-west corridor and  for the link through Gomti Nagar. The initial layout of the east-west corridor started from Rajajipuram and ended at Hahnemann, after passing through Gomti Nagar via Hazratganj and Patrakarpuram, a distance of . However, in 2010 the design was changed so the corridor started from Vasant Kunj and terminated at Charbagh, a revised distance of .

The design of north–south corridor had two elevated sections, with a total distance of , separated by a . The length of the ramps between the elevated and below ground sections would total . When completed, the corridor would run for a total distance of  and connect Amausi airport to Munshipulia. Passengers would be served by a total of 22 stations, with 19 elevated and 3 below ground. Elevated stations were to be located at , , , , , , , , , . Following Charbagh station, the line descends underground where ,  (Uttar Pradesh Secretariat) and  stations are located. The line then returns above ground for the remaining stations of the corridor, , , , , , ,  and the terminus at .

The metro could accommodate speeds up to  but the typical usage would be at speeds of  for the north–south corridor and  for the east–west corridor. Originally, the metro trains were to be housed in one of two depots, a  depot at Vasant Kunj and another at the airport, but due to security concerns the airport depot was removed from the plan.

In 2013, a report published by the Department of Housing and Urban Planning of the Government of Uttar Pradesh resulted in major changes to the metro project. The two corridor design was scrapped and replaced with one featuring a denser network of connectivity. This revision resulted in the layout of route being entirely elevated with no underground sections. The increased coverage of the metro would raise the cost of the project but reduced the operating cost per km. The reduction in operating cost is impacted by the difference in construction costs of the line itself, one km of overhead track costs  as compared to  for an underground track. The underground design also raised concerns about safety as well as increased energy consumption. The report also proposed the construction of an elevated Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) as a feeder service to the metro.

Project timeline

 September 2008: DMRC submits a concept paper after the Lucknow metro rail project is proposed by the Government of Uttar Pradesh headed by chief minister Mayawati.
 February 2009: An agreement is signed between DMRC and LDA.
 June 2013: The state cabinet headed by chief minister Akhilesh Yadav gives clearance for the metro rail network. The state cabinet also gave approval for the creation of Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation.
 August 2013: Government of Uttar Pradesh approves the revised Detailed Project Report (DPR) submitted by DMRC.
 October 2013: LMRC, a special purpose vehicle (SPV) is formed by the Government of Uttar Pradesh to build and operate the Lucknow Metro. The SPV is incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 on 25 November 2013. Construction Phase to begin in December.
 November 2013: DMRC submits tender for Lucknow Metro work, promises to complete the first phase by Feb 2017.
 December 2013: Government of India, in principle, approves the project.
 March 2014: Foundation stone laid for Lucknow Metro project.
 10 July 2014:  set aside for Lucknow Metro in the union budget, by Minister of Finance, Arun Jaitley.

Red Line
 27 September 2014: Construction begins on the Lucknow Metro.
 6 August 2015: Lucknow Metro receives clearance from Public Investment Board (PIB) of Government of India.
 22 December 2015: Union Cabinet approves construction of Rail Project Phase - 1A.
 30 March 2016: To speed up clearance processes for Lucknow Metro, LMRC becomes a 50:50 joint venture between the Government of India and the Government of Uttar Pradesh. As a result, the LMRC board is reconstituted with five nominee directors being nominated by both Government of India and Government of Uttar Pradesh each, apart from the three full-time directors. Additionally, the Chief Secretary of Uttar Pradesh is replaced by the Union Urban Development Secretary as the ex-officio chairman of LMRC.
 18 September 2016: 90% of the work completed in the construction of Rail Project Phase - 1A.
 20 October 2016: Lucknow metro begins work on Faizabad Road, does Bhoomi puja for Phase 1A Extension.
 1 December 2016: The Uttar Pradesh chief minister Akhilesh Yadav and Samajwadi Party chief Mulayam Singh flagged off the train at the Transport Nagar depot on a trial run on priority section till the . The inaugural ride was piloted by two women.
 20 June 2017: Fifth metro train set arrives at Transport Nagar depot.
 8 July 2017: Sixth and final metro train set arrives for first phase requirement.
 27–28 July 2017: The Commissioner of Railway Safety (CMRS) performs on-site inspection to confirm readiness of the Metro for service.
 29 August 2017: Inauguration ceremony, on 5 September 2017, confirmed. Announcement that metro trains will run between Transport Nagar and Charbagh.
 5 September 2017: Minister of Home Affairs and member of parliament for Lucknow, Rajnath Singh and chief minister, Yogi Adityanath inaugurate Lucknow metro for service between  and .
 23 February 2019: Work on whole of North-South Corridor (Red Line) completed, CMRS approves for commercial run. Full line to be inaugurated on 8 March 2019.
 8 March 2019: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurates full stretch of Red Line of Lucknow Metro.

Blue Line
 Aug 2019: Modified DPR is yet to be approved by state government and also LMRC is yet to get land for Metro deport which is to come up near upcoming .

Current status

Phase I

Funding

Over 50% of the Lucknow Metro rail project is funded through external debt from European Investment Bank. The Lucknow Metro has its own operating body, the Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation, is a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) and a 50:50 Joint Venture set-up by the Government of India and Government of Uttar Pradesh. LMRC is headquartered in Vipin Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow.

Infrastructure

Rolling stock
On 5 October 2015, Alstom was awarded a  contract to construct twenty four car EMU for Phase 1A, based on their Metropolis design.
The vehicles are to be constructed at Alstom's factory in Sricity, Andhra Pradesh.

Station facilities
WiFi is available at each station with free access for smart card holders. Other services include free purified drinking water and free toilets.

The north–south corridor of the Lucknow Metro uses an automated fare collection (AFC) system, provided by Datamatics.

Security
Lucknow Metro's security is based on a hybrid model. The Lucknow City Police, which has raised a dedicated squad of 393 personnel for this purpose from PAC, provides general security, which includes frisking, scanning, maintaining and having quick response teams (QRT) as per security norms, while a private security agency provides operational security, which including maintaining hygiene of the station and ensuring that people queue properly.

Personnel from the PAC were especially trained for providing security by the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) in New Delhi.

Apart from this, CCTV and metal detectors are installed at every metro station.

Ticketing and recharge

Ridership

The cumulative ridership of the metro rail in Lucknow crossed 1 million in the first 70 days of commercial operation; the rapid-transit system received 31,688 passengers on its inaugural day of services, and recorded a ridership of 41,075 on 10 September.

, the daily ridership of Lucknow Metro ranges between 10,000 and 11,000; with monthly ridership being 480,000 in September 2017, 400,000 in October 2017, 300,000 in November and December 2017, and around 300,000 in January, February, March and April 2018. As of 2019, as many as 60,000 people are using metro service on a daily basis in Lucknow.

In popular culture
In January 2017, Hindi film Behen Hogi Teri became the first film to shoot scenes on the metro premises.

Awards
 Lucknow Metro was awarded 2nd Place for 'Best Metro for Excellence in Innovative Designs' at 5th Annual Metro Rail Summit in New Delhi behind the Delhi Metro. It competed against the other metro projects of the country like Mumbai Metro, Jaipur Metro etc.
 Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation (LMRC) was awarded the European Society for Quality Research (ESQR) Choice Prize Award 2016 under the Gold category, a vanity award.
 Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation won the Dun & Bradstreet Infra Award in 2017 in the Metro Rail category  for completing "Priority Corridor" of the North –South Corridor (Phase 1A) and commissioning the project in a record time of less than three years. .
 Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation won the International 'Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents' (RoSPA) Award. LMRC was given the Silver Award for its Phase 1A (North-South Corridor) in the Project/Infrastructure category for the year 2018.
 Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation was certified with the highest green rating (i.e. the Platinum Rating) by the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC).
 Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation has International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001: 2004 & Occupational Health & Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) 18001: 2007 certificates in recognition of the organisation's integrated management system in compliance with ISO & OHSAS standards and requirements.
 Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation was awarded the "Best Urban Mass Transit" project during the 10th Urban Mobility India Conference & Exhibition and CODATU XVII Conference under Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs at Hyderabad, Telangana in November 2017.
 Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation's managing director, Kumar Keshav, was awarded with the 'Shaan-E-Lucknow' award by the organisers of the Lucknow Book Fair and a special postal envelope cover bearing the logo, symbol and mnemonic of Lucknow Metro was released.
 Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation won the first Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Memorial Award on Innovation in governance on 15 October 2016.

Network Map

See also

 Urban rail transit in India
 Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation
 Kanpur Metro
 Agra Metro
 List of Lucknow Metro stations
 Timeline of Lucknow Metro
 Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation
 List of Metro Systems

References

External links

 Official Website of Lucknow Metro
 UrbanRail.Net – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.

Airport rail links in India
Underground rapid transit in India
Japan International Cooperation Agency
Standard gauge railways in India
2017 establishments in Uttar Pradesh


John J. Britt was a member (and president between 1953–54) of the Collectors Club of New York. He was awarded the Lichtenstein Medal in 1961 for his contributions to philately.

Philatelic literature
John Britt authored various studies including:
 French Colonial Semi-Postal Air Mail Proofs of the "French State" (Vichy)

Retirement
John Britt, a past president of the Collectors Club of New York, retired to Florida. In 1969, he and seven other philatelists reorganized a tiny stamp club of only a dozen members into the Hollywood Stamp Club in Hollywood, Florida, one of the largest and most active stamp clubs in the nation.  He was elected Chairman of the Board of the Hollywood Stamp Club, a post he retained for many years in the 1960s and 1970s.

See also
 Philately
 Philatelic literature

References

 The Collectors Club of New York
 John J. Britt
  Fellows of the Society - Britt

American philatelists
Philatelic literature
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing


ដាំ ថ្នាំ or Dam Thnam is a small town in Dang Tong District in Kampot Province, Cambodia. The National Highway 3 passes through the town in a north-east-south west direction while the National Road 124 connects it to the north through Khŭm Sráng several kilometres west of the town. The town lies along the National Highway 3 which connects it to the town of Chhuk to the north-east and Kampot on the Gulf of Thailand.

Towns in Cambodia
Populated places in Kampot province


Operation Big Coon Dog was an investigation by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) into alleged corruption surrounding the use of federal and state disaster recovery funds by public officials in Buchanan County, Virginia, United States, following severe flooding in the town of Hurley in May 2002. The investigation resulted in the criminal conviction of sixteen people, including several public officials and other government employees, on charges of bribery and fraud. It has been called the largest public corruption case in western Virginia in decades and a step towards uncovering a "dark culture of corruption in Buchanan County".

Flood
On May 2, 2002, Buchanan County experienced heavy showers and thunderstorms throughout the day. In the town of Hurley, Virginia, 4.5 inches of rain fell during the course of a few hours, causing local streams and rivers to swell. Between 2:00pm and 3:30pm, Knox Creek, which ran through the town of Hurley, had overflowed its banks and submerged the town in up to twelve feet of water. Roads were washed out, and emergency personnel were not able to reach the town until 7:00pm that night. Two people were killed, and 98 families (the majority of the town's residents) were left without homes. In addition, 19 county bridges and 102 private bridges were destroyed, blocking access to 235 homes in the area.

Shortly after the flood, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Virginia Department of Emergency Management agreed to reimburse Buchanan County for up to $7.1 million for debris removal and other recovery efforts. Initial cleanup efforts were performed by Disaster Recovery Contractors, subcontracted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. However, county officials objected to the use of external contractors and requested that local contractors be hired instead. FEMA approved the request and allowed the Buchanan County Board of Supervisors to select the contractors and oversee cleanup efforts starting in June 2002.

The recovery funds, which the county was given permission to award without competitive bidding, were awarded to local contractors and vendors who were later discovered to have paid approximately $545,000 worth of bribes in order to obtain these contracts. Some of the bribes accepted by county officials included all-terrain vehicles, NASCAR tickets, $40,000 worth of coon dogs, and $350,000 in cash.

Trial and conviction
In June 2004, federal investigators arrested sixteen men on charges of bribery, fraud, and money laundering. The criminal trial began in June 2005 with Assistant U.S. Attorney Thomas Bondurant, Jr. as lead prosecutor. In July 2005, all sixteen men were convicted: six local government officials, nine businessmen, six companies, and one federal FEMA agent. All but one pleaded guilty.

Public officials and government employees
Stuart Ray Blankenship, Knox District supervisor and former chairman of the Buchanan County Board of Supervisors, pleaded guilty to charges of racketeering and money laundering. Described as the "kingpin" of the bribery scheme, he was convicted of accepting bribes from local contractors and businessmen, including $240,000 in cash and, most notably, more than $40,000 worth of coon dogs. In the months leading up to charges being filed, he had raised suspicions among raccoon hunters when he "popped into the scene out of nowhere" and started winning competitions and advertising his dogs for sale or stud service in national magazines. Blankenship was sentenced to fourteen years in prison, the longest sentence of the sixteen men convicted.
James Ralph "Pete" Stiltner, then chairman of the Buchanan County Board of Supervisors, was indicted on charges of racketeering, program fraud, money laundering, and perjury charges.
Calvin Ward, former supervisor, was sentenced to three years.
County emergency coordinator David Mathias Thompson, who accepted bribes from Kenneth Joseph Stephens in the form of cash and clothing, pleaded guilty to racketeering, program fraud, and money laundering.
Kenneth Morris Hale, county road official, accepted $90,000 in bribes from Terry Clevinger and Kenneth Joseph Stephens. He pleaded guilty to charges of racketeering, conspiracy to launder money, and two counts of program fraud.
Ricky Allen Adkins, county road inspector, was convicted of submitting falsified expense and time records to Blankenship, who allowed this in return for Adkins caring for Blankenship's coon dogs.
FEMA agent Gary Moore was sentenced to six years in prison for accepting bribes and "turning a blind eye to the corruption".

Businessmen and contractors
The following businessmen and contractors were convicted of paying bribing public officials to receive contracts and rigging contract bids:

Kenneth Joseph Stephens, owner of a lumber company who paid $300,000 in bribes and was awarded $2.2 million in contracts, served a two-year prison sentence for racketeering and money laundering.
Earl Jackson Lester, the only man to plead innocence, was found guilty of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and to launder money. Lester, the owner of a construction company, was not accused of paying bribes, but rather rigging bids by deliberately placing high bids on contracts in order to steer the contracts for other contractors.
Terry Allen Keene, owner of an excavation company, pleaded guilty to money laundering conspiracy and racketeering.
Donald Ray Matney, owner of a local contracting company, also pleaded guilty to money laundering conspiracy and racketeering.
Rodney Blake Lee, a contractor, pleaded guilty to racketeering, money laundering, and program fraud. He was accused of paying bribes to Blankenship to secure bridge repair contracts.

Civil trial
After the corruption was discovered, federal and state government agencies refused to reimburse the county for the misused funds, resulting in a loss of $2.7 million for the county. In 2005, Buchanan County filed a civil suit to recover these funds.

In March 2006, U.S. Attorney John L. Brownlee provided the county with $1,050,544 that had been forfeited by the defendants named in the suit. The civil trial continued, and in June 2008, a federal jury awarded the county another $500,000 from two corporations named in the suit, Vansant Lumber Co. and KJ Stephens and Associates. However, this verdict was overturned by U.S. District Judge James P. Jones in October 2008.

References

Buchanan County, Virginia
Federal Bureau of Investigation operations


The Parents' Choice Award was an award presented by the non-profit Parents' Choice Foundation to recognize "the very best products for children of different ages and backgrounds, and of varied skill and interest levels." It was considered a "prestigious" award among children's products, and had been described by the Cincinnati Enquirer as the industry equivalent of an Academy Award.

The Parents' Choice Awards were established in 1978 by Diana Huss Green, who was then the president of the Parents' Choice Foundation. The award recipients were determined by a committee of educators, scientists, performing artists, librarians, parents and children. One of six award commendations were given to award winners: Classic, Gold, Silver, Recommended, Approved or "Fun Stuff."

References

External links
Parents' Choice Foundation

American children's literary awards
Children's media and toys awards
Game awards
Awards established in 1978
1978 establishments in the United States


The George C. and Winona Flavel House is a house built in 1879 in Astoria, Oregon.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

This was the residence of Captain George Conrad Flavel (1855–1923) and his wife Winona from 1879 to 1901.  George Conrad Flavel was the son of George Flavel (1824–1893), also a captain. The house was a wedding present to the junior Flavel from his grandfather, Conrad Boelling.  George Conrad Flavel married C. Winona Callendar in 1879.  An 1893 remodeling included expansion of the house.  The couple lived in this house until 1901, at which time they moved to a newly built, larger house at 15th Street and Franklin Avenue (also in Astoria) and sold the 1879 dwelling.  Their 1901-built house is also listed on the National Register, as the Captain George Conrad Flavel House.

See also
Capt. George Flavel House and Carriage House, 441 Eighth Street, Astoria, a house museum, also NRHP-listed
Captain George Conrad Flavel House, 627 Fifteenth St., Astoria, also NRHP-listed

References

Carpenter Gothic architecture in Oregon
Houses completed in 1879
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Astoria, Oregon
1879 establishments in Oregon
Carpenter Gothic houses in the United States


Henri Marie Jean Louis Ey (; 10 August 1900, Banyuls-dels-Aspres – 8 November 1977, Banyuls-dels-Aspres) was a French neurologist, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and philosopher.

Biography
Ey was born on 10 August 1900 in Banyuls-dels-Aspres, Pyrénées-Orientales, and died there on 9 November 1977.

After the second world war Ey renewed the group L'Evolution Psychiatrique with Eugène Minkowski.

Psychiatric theory
Ey developed an "organodynamic psychology" and a theory of the structure of states of consciousness, in which he developed ideas of Pierre Janet and John Hughlings Jackson.

It was under the title of Organodynamic Psychology that Ey developed a unifying psychology which included both organic (neurological, genetic, etc.) and psychodynamic factors.

Works
Hallucinations et Délire, Alcan 1934. réédité: Ed.: L'Harmattan; 2000,
Des idées de Jackson à un modèle organo-dynamique en psychiatrie, Doin 1938, Privat 1975, L’Harmattan 2000,
Le Problème de la psychogenèse des névroses et des psychoses (avec L. Bonnafé, S. Follin, J. Lacan, J. Rouart), Desclée de Brouwer, 1950. Réédition 1977 et 2004 (Tchou)
Études psychiatriques : Desclée de Brouwer t.I, 1948, 296p; t.II. 1950, 550p; t.III 1954. réédité en 2 volume et un CDRom, Préface Patrice Belzeaux et Jean Garrabé, Ed.: CREHEY Cercle de Recherche et d'Edition Henri Ey; 2007,
Traité de psychiatrie de l’Encyclopédie Médico-chirurgicale (avec 142 collaborateurs), 3 t. 1955.
Manuel de psychiatrie (avec Bernard et Brisset), Masson 1960, 5 fois réédité.
L’Inconscient 1 vol. Desclée de Brouwer 1966, 2004 (Tchou), réédition: L'Inconscient : VIe colloque de Bonneval, Ed.: Bibliothèque des Introuvables, 2006,
La Conscience, l vol. PUF 439p (1963) et Desclée de Brouwer 1968.
Conscience, article in Encyclopædia universalis, vol.IV, mai 1969,922–927.
La dissolution de la conscience dans le sommeil et le rêve et ses rapports avec la psychopathologie. Esquisse d'une théorie de la relativité généralisée de la désorganisation de l'être conscient et des diverses maladies mentales, in l'Evolution psychiatrique, rééd.: 2007, n0 72,
Traité des hallucinations, Masson 1973, 2 tomes., 2004 (Tchou), Réédition T.1, Ed.: Bibliothèque des Introuvables, 2006, , Tome 2, Ed.: Bibliothèque des Introuvables, 2006,
La Notion de schizophrénie (séminaire de Thuir), Desclée de Brouwer 1975.
 Schizophrénie: études cliniques et psychopathologiques, Ed.: Empecheurs Penser en Rond, 1996,
Psychophysiologie du sommeil et psychiatrie. Masson 1974.
Défense et illustration de la psychiatrie, Masson 1977.
Naissance de la médecine. 1 vol. Masson, 1981.
 Le déchiffrement de l'inconscient ; Travaux psychanalytiques, (texte de 1964), Ed.: L'Harmattan, 2005,
 Neurologie et psychiatrie, (texte de 1947), Ed.: Hermann, 1998,
Consciousness: A Phenomenological Study of Being Conscious and Becoming Conscious, Trans John H. Flodstrom, Bloomington/London: Indiana University Press, 1978.

Further reading
 Hommage à Henri Ey, Évolution psychiatrique n° spécial 1977, 530 p. (48 auteurs); avec la Bibliographie complète des œuvres de H. Ey par J. Grignon (présente aussi sur le site de l’Association H. Ey: <www.ey.asso.fr>  ).
 Blanc (C.J.), Durand, (Ch.), Kammerer (Th.), Laboucarié (J.) : article "Henri Ey" in Encyclopædia Universalis Plurisciences 1978.
 Coffin, Jean-Christophe, ed. 2008. Conceptions de la folie & pratiques de la psychiatrie. Autour d'Henri Ey. Perpignan: Association pour la Fondation Henri Ey.
 Tatossian (A.), Albernhe (T.) et Roux (J.) : La pensée de Henri Ey. Ed. médicales Spécia, 1990.
Blanc (C.J.) :
 Henri Ey, théoricien de la conscience, Actualité d’une œuvre historique, in Psychiatrie française 1996, n°1,33–46.
 Psychiatrie et pensée philosophique. Intercritique et quête sans fin. 1 vol. L’Harmattan 1998.
 Blanc (C.J.), Chazaud (J.) et coll.: La Psychopathologie et la philosophie de l’esprit au Salon.  1 vol. L’Harmattan, 2001.
Garrabe (J.)
Les Etudes cliniques et psychopathologiques sur la schizophrénie de H.Ey. Empêcheurs/Synthelabo 1996.
Henri Ey et la pensée psychiatrique contemporaine. Empêcheurs,1997.
 Palem (R.M.), Belzeaux (P.) et coll.: Henri Ey, un humaniste Catalan dans le siècle et dans l’Histoire, 1997, Ed.Trabucaire, 2 rue Jouy d’Arnaud 66140 Canet-en-Roussillon.
Palem (R.M.)
 H. Ey psychiatre et philosophe. Ed.Rive droite, Paris, 1997
 La modernité d’H. Ey: l’organodynamisme. Desclée de Brouwer éd.1997 et Soronsha Tokyo 2004 (trad. T.Fujimoto).
Organodynamisme et neurocognitivisme. L'Harmattan éd.2006
 Prats (Ph.) : Une psychiatrie philosophique : l’organodynamisme comme anthropologie, L’Harmattan éd., 2001.
 Belzeaux (P.) : Vie et œuvre de H.Ey (chronologie) sur le site WEB de l’Association pour la Fondation H.Ey : <www.ey.asso.fr>
 Charles (M.): Ey-Lacan: du dialogue au débat ou l'homme en question. L'Harmattan 2004. -Henri Ey psychiatre du XXIe. Actualité de l'œuvre d'Henri Ey", collectif de l’Assoc. Fondation HEY, Ed. : L'Harmattan, 2000.
 Jacques Chazaud, Lucien Bonnafé : La folie au naturel, le premier colloque de Bonneval comme moment décisif de la psychiatrie, l'Harmattant, 2005,
 Evans (Ph.) : Henri Ey's concepts of the organisation of Consciousness and its disorganization: an extension of Jacksonian theory. Brain vol.95,II,1972,413–440.
 Benedetto Farinaa, Maurizio Ceccarellib, Massimo Di Giannantonioc. (2005) Henri Ey's Neojacksonism and the Psychopathology of Disintegrated Mind. Psychopathology, 38, 285–290.
 Herbert Spiegelberg. Phenomenology in French Psychiatry: Henri Ey. In Spiegelberg's Phenomenology in Psychology and Psychiatry. Northwestern University Press. pages 114–120

References

1900 births
1977 deaths
People from Pyrénées-Orientales
French psychiatrists
20th-century French physicians
French male non-fiction writers
20th-century French philosophers
20th-century French male writers


Egil Jacobsen (1897 – 27 March 1923) was a Danish chess master.

He tied for 5-6th at Horsens 1915 (the 6th Danish Chess Championship, Johannes Giersing won), tied for 9-10th at Copenhagen 1916 (the 9th Nordic Chess Championship, B-tournament, Karl Berndtsson won), and twice won Danish championships at Grenaa 1917 and Copenhagen 1922. He took 5th at Copenhagen 1923 (Aron Nimzowitsch won), and shared 2nd, behind Erik Andersen, at Copenhagen 1923 (DEN-ch).

References

External links
 (chessgames.com misattributes some 1928 Chess Olympiad games to Egil Jacobsen that were probably played by Ernst Jacobsen instead)
Egil Jacobsen at 365Chess.com

1897 births
1923 deaths
Danish chess players
20th-century chess players


Juan Antonio Martínez was interim President of Guatemala from 16 August 1848 to 28 November 1848. Martinez was elected due to the resignation of President José Rafael Carrera Turcios on August 15, 1848.

The Liberal Party, expected at any time to take up arms against each other, elected Juan Martinez as a president because he had the qualities, they were looking for in liberal politicians. At first Mr. Martinez did not accept the position but finally was convinced. Being inexperienced in the realm of politics, the Martinez administration was a series of mistakes and deviations.  As an expert banker on foreign currency, he handled the Guatemalan bank well.

Between August and November 27, 1848, when he presented his irrevocable resignation due to war and "dirty passions" of politicians. On April 30, 1854, Martinez died in Guatemala City.

References

Year of birth missing
1854 deaths
Presidents of Guatemala
Conservative Party (Guatemala) politicians


The office of Speaker of the National Assembly of Tanganyika was originally held by the Governor of Tanganyika, from the National Assembly's creation in 1926 as the Legislative Council of Tanzania Mainland, until 1953. The first speaker of the office not a governor of Tanganyika was Sir William Scupham and the last was Adam Sapi Mkwaka, who, in 1964, became the Speaker of the National Assembly of Tanzania.

Below is a list of all the individuals who have held the office of Speaker of the National Assembly of Tanganyika.

References

 Taylor, James Clagett: "Political development of Tanganyika"

See also
List of speakers of the National Assembly of Tanzania

History of Tanganyika
Politics of Tanganyika
Tanganyika
Lists of Tanzanian politicians


In computational geometry, the potato peeling or convex skull problem is a problem of finding the convex polygon of the largest possible area that lies within a given non-convex simple polygon. It was posed independently by Goodman and Woo, and solved in polynomial time by Chang and Yap. The exponent of the polynomial time bound is high, but the same problem can also be accurately approximated in near-linear time.

References

Convex hulls
Computational geometry


Boudewijn Catz or Cats (ca. 1601 – 18 May 1663) was apostolic vicar to the Dutch Mission from 1662 to 1663.

Life
Catz was born in Gorinchem.  He served as vicar to the Diocese of Haarlem. The Dutch Republic was an officially Protestant country where Catholicism was outlawed and reduced to a minority faith. In the 1630s, a series of portraits of the Haarlem Catholic clergy was commissioned as an act of patronage towards the local artists. The portraits were for the priests' living quarters next to the secret St. Bernardus church in de Hoek on the Bakenessergracht. In 1634 Pieter de Grebber painted Catz.

On the death of Jacobus de la Torre, Vicar Apostolic of the Dutch Mission, Catz was appointed his successor on 31 May 1662. On 9 September 1662, in Cologne he was consecrated titular archbishop of Philippi.

He already seems to have been mentally weak at the time of his appointment as vicar apostolic and died insane in Leuven. During his time as vicar apostolic he was wholly guided by his coadjutor, Van Neercassel, who succeeded him.

References

Sources
De Katholieke Encyclopaedie (Amsterdam, 1938)

1600s births
1663 deaths
Apostolic vicars of the Holland (Batavia) Mission
People from Gorinchem


The Stanford University Libraries Digital Image Collections is an online collection of digital images called Image Gallery, maintained by the Stanford University Libraries. The site provides access to over 50,000 digital images scanned from collections owned by the Stanford Libraries.  Users can search image metadata, browse collections, and view images at high resolutions.

The Libraries' collections include digitized photographs, maps, manuscripts, lithographs, prints, rare books, and posters related to a variety of topics. Featured collections include:

 David Rumsey Map Collection
 Douglas Menuez Photography Collection
 Herbert Matter Photograph Collection
 Leon Kolb Collection of Portraits
 Medieval Manuscript Fragments
 Stanford Historical Photograph Collection
 The Barry Ruderman Map Collection
 The Reid W. Dennis Collection of California Lithographs

The site also includes images found in the Stanford University Visual Resources Center Imagebase, which is used to support teaching and research at Stanford.

External links
 Image Gallery
 Stanford University Visual Resources Center Imagebase

Digital Image Collections
American digital libraries
Photo archives in the United States


Michel Étienne Descourtilz (25 November 1775, Boiste near Pithiviers – 1835 or 1836, Paris), was a French physician, botanist and historian of the Haitian Revolution. He was the father of illustrator Jean-Théodore Descourtilz, with whom he sometimes collaborated.

In 1799, after completing his medical studies he traveled to Charleston, South Carolina and Santiago, Cuba, arriving in Haiti on 2 April. Despite a passport from Toussaint Louverture and serving as physician with the forces of Jean-Jacques Dessalines, he was in constant danger. His plant collections were mostly from between Port-au-Prince and Cap-Haïtien and along the Artibonite River. All his natural history collections and many drawings were destroyed during the course of the revolution. In 1803 he returned to France, worked as a physician in a hospital at Beaumont and served as president of the Paris Linnean Society.

As a taxonomist he circumscribed the genus Nauchea (family Fabaceae).

Bibliography
Flore pittoresque et médicale des Antilles, ou, Histoire naturelle des plantes usuelles des colonies françaises, anglaises, espagnoles et portugaises; par M.E. Descourtilz. Peinte par J. Th. Descourtilz. Vols. 1-8
Voyages d'un naturaliste, et ses observations faites sur les trois règnes de la nature, dans plusieurs ports de mer français, en Espagne, au continent de l'Amérique Septentrionale, à Saint Yago de Cub. Vols.1-3
  Complete bibliography on WorldCat.
Descourtilz, Michel Étienne, 2021. Flore médicale des Antilles. New edition established by César Delnatte, ethnobotanist. (Collection de la Fondation Clément). Bordeaux, Hervé Chopin. 245 p. 100 tables reproduced.

Sources and references
  Biography in French with bibliography from the Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales.
 Urban, Ignaz. Notae biographicae, Symb. Antill. 3:36,1900.

External links
 Plants named by Descourtilz on IPNI

1775 births
1836 deaths
19th-century French botanists
French mycologists
Botanists with author abbreviations
Botanists active in North America
Botanists active in the Caribbean
19th-century French historians
19th-century French physicians
French male non-fiction writers
People from Saint-Domingue


KTDF may refer to:

 KGSA-LD, a low-power television station (channel 23, virtual 16) licensed to serve San Antonio, Texas, United States, which held the call sign KTDF-LP from 2003 to 2016
 Person County Airport (ICAO code KTDF)


The 1995 Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden was the fourth race of the 1995 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 12 August in the Motorstadium in Linköping, Sweden.

Starting positions draw

The Speedway Grand Prix Commission nominated Peter Karlsson as Wild Card.

Heat details

The intermediate classification

See also
 Speedway Grand Prix
 List of Speedway Grand Prix riders

References

External links
 FIM-live.com
 SpeedwayWorld.tv

Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden
S
1995


Mitchell S. Zuckoff (born April 18, 1962) is an American professor of journalism at Boston University. His books include Lost in Shangri-La and 13 Hours (2014).

Mitchell is a graduate of John F Kennedy High School in Bellmore, New York (Class of 1979)

Biography
Zuckoff received a master's degree from the University of Missouri and is currently the Redstone journalism professor at Boston University. He lives in Newton, Massachusetts, with his wife and two daughters. He is also an author of multiple books.

Writings

13 Hours: The Inside Account of What Really Happened In Benghazi (2014) was co-written with the security team members who were involved in the 2012 Benghazi attack. It tells the story of the 13-hour Benghazi incident from the perspective of the security team who were involved in the fighting, without discussing later political controversies.

Frozen in Time: An Epic Story of Survival and a Modern Quest for Lost Heroes of World War II (2013) is about a US military airplane that crashed on the Greenland glacier during World War II, the subsequent hunt for the plane and Zuckoff's own role in helping to find the plane buried in the ice decades later.

Lost in Shangri-La: A True Story of Survival, Adventure, and the Most Incredible Rescue Mission of World War II (2011) is about a US military airplane called "The Gremlin Special", which crashed on May 13, 1945, in New Guinea, and the subsequent rescue of the survivors. Lost in Shangri-La won the Laurence L. & Thomas Winship/PEN New England Award and spent several months on The New York Times Best Seller list.

His earlier books include Robert Altman: The Oral Biography, Ponzi’s Scheme: The True Story of a Financial Legend, and Choosing Naia: A Family's Journey. He is co-author with Dick Lehr of Judgment Ridge: The True Story Behind the Dartmouth Murders.

Zuckoff's magazine work has appeared in The New Yorker, Fortune, and elsewhere.

As of 2019, ABC was developling a documentary adaptation of his novel Fall and Rise: The Story of 9/11 to commemorate the anniversary.

Awards and honors
As a reporter at The Boston Globe, Zuckoff was a Pulitzer Prize finalist for investigative reporting. He received the Distinguished Writing Award from the American Society of Newspaper Editors, the Livingston Award for International Reporting, the Heywood Broun Award, and the Associated Press Managing Editors' Public Service Award.

Publications
2019 Fall and Rise: The Story of 9/11
2014 13 Hours: The Inside Account of What Really Happened In Benghazi,
2013 Frozen in Time: An Epic Story of Survival and a Modern Quest for Lost Heroes of World War II,
2011 Lost in Shangri-La: A True Story of Survival, Adventure, and the Most Incredible Rescue Mission of World War II,
2009 Robert Altman: The Oral Biography,
2005 Ponzi's Scheme: The True Story of a Financial Legend,
2003 with Dick Lehr: Judgment Ridge: The True Story Behind the Dartmouth Murders,
2002 Choosing Naia: A Family's Journey,

References

External links
 Boston University faculty information page on Zuckoff
 Author's web site

1962 births
Living people
University of Missouri alumni
John F. Kennedy High School (Bellmore, New York) alumni
Boston University faculty
Livingston Award winners for International Reporting


Jacobus de la Torre (1608 – 16 September 1661) served as apostolic vicar of the Apostolic Vicariate of Batavia  (1651-1661) and titular archbishop of Ephesus (1647-1661).

Life
The merchant family De la Torre was originally from Spain and had settled in Bruges in the fifteenth century, where two members would hold the office of consul of the Spanish Empire. Descendant Philip de la Torre moved to The Hague in the early seventeenth century. Jacobus was born there as the second son of this Philip de la Torre, lord of Valkenisse and Maurik and of Henriette van Cuylenburg(h) (also: Hendrika van Culemborg), daughter of Zweder van Culemborg (1541-1597), descendant of a bastard branch from nobleman Hubert van Culemborg (1420-1481). The possession of the lordship of Valkenisse inherited on the brother of Jacobus, François de la Torre, married to Maria van Poelgeest, descendant of the noble Van Poelgeest family. Jacobus de la Torre also descended from the De Cock van Opijnen family.

Jacobus de la Torre studied in Leuven, and was ordained priest in 1633. In 1640 he was appointed coadjutor to Philippus Rovenius, and in 1647 appointed titular archbishop of Ephesus. In 1649 he was dismissed and exiled. He stayed on in Brussels, after a stay in Rome in 1655-56. On his return to Brussels he showed signs of dementia and in 1660 had to be hospitalised. To the dismay of the secular clergy he set up 11 new Jesuit stations in his Concessiones Ephesinae (1652).  He died, aged about 53, at Huijbergen.

The Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands considers De la Torre as one of the archbishops of the Old Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht

Sources
De Katholieke Encyclopaedie (Amsterdam, 1938)

Citations

1608 births
1661 deaths
Apostolic vicars of the Holland (Batavia) Mission
Clergy from The Hague
Old University of Leuven alumni


Mearns Castle is a 15th-century tower house in Newton Mearns, East Renfrewshire, south of Glasgow, Scotland. It is a Category A listed building. The castle has been restored and is now part of the Maxwell Mearns Castle Church. It also gives its name to nearby Mearns Castle High School.

History
The castle was built by Herbert, Lord Maxwell, under a royal warrant issued in 1449, and remained with the family until James VI required the fifth Lord to deliver it up to the crown. It was sold to Sir George Maxwell of Nether Mearns in the mid-17th century, and later passed to the Shaw-Stewart family. In 1971 the tower's remaining storeys were converted to a link between two Church of Scotland buildings.

Description
The castle was originally a four-storey rectangular tower measuring  with walls  thick; parts of the original corbelling remain. Its lower walls are rubble masonry up to a height of about 10 feet, the upper walls are constructed from well-cut ashlar blocks, demonstrating that the tower was probably built on the foundations of an earlier building. The arched main entrance on the first storey was reached by a ladder, but is now walled up.

Only faint traces of the castle's outerworks can be located. A barmkin followed the edges of the rocky knoll on which the building stands and the sloping ground on the southeast has been cut away to form a bank approximately 10 feet high, over which a causeway led to the tower's gatehouse.

There is a vaulted basement room, approached from the main entrance. The first-floor hall, which is also vaulted, is approached by a straight mural stair; it has stone window seats and once had a minstrels’ gallery.

References

Bibliography
Lindsay, Maurice (1994) The Castles of Scotland. Constable.

External links
 Maxwell Mearns Castle Church
 Mearns Castle - Plans, elevations and historic illustrations
 - Video footage of the castle

Category A listed buildings in East Renfrewshire
Listed castles in Scotland
Castles in Renfrewshire
Newton Mearns


Modersmålets sång (Song of the Mother Tongue) is a piece of music in the Swedish language that forms a type of unofficial anthem for the Swedish-speaking population of Finland.
The piece was composed by  Swedish newspaper publisher and music critic Johan Fridolf Hagfors (1857–1931) and performed for the first time in 1898. The song was composed for Finland's oldest choir, the Akademiska Sångföreningen, and was written to be sung by a male chorus.

Lyrics
Hur härligt sången klingar
på älskat modersmål!
Han tröst i sorgen bringar,
han skärper sinnets stål!
Vi hört den sången ljuda
i ljuvlig barndomstid,
och en gång skall han bjuda
åt oss i graven frid!
Du sköna sång vårt bästa arv,
från tidevarv till tidevarv,
ljud högt, ljud fritt
från strand till strand
i tusen sjöars land!

Vad ädelt fädren tänkte,
vad skönt de drömt en gång,
det allt de åt oss skänkte
i modersmålets sång.
Hur våra öden randas,
den sången är oss kär,
Vår själ i honom andas,
vår rikedom han är!
Du sköna sång vårt bästa arv,
från tidevarv till tidevarv,
ljud högt, ljud fritt
från strand till strand
i tusen sjöars land!

References

External links

 Audio file from Åbo Academy university
 Modersmålets sång

Swedish language
Swedish-speaking population of Finland
Finnish songs
Regional songs
1898 songs


David Alan Hughes (born 25 April 1960) is an English keyboardist who played in different new wave bands, and later became successful making music for films.

Biography

New wave years
A self-taught musician, David Hughes was born in Birkenhead, England.  He founded Dalek I Love You in 1977, alongside guitarist Alan Gill, bassist David Balfe and Chris Teepee. He, alongside Gill, was a remaining member, playing on the first three singles and the debut album, Compass Kumpas, in 1980. However, in January 1980, he left the band, and the album was released in May, when he had left.

In January 1980 he joined Orchestral Manoeuvres In The Dark as percussionist, although he switched to keyboards, and became the group's fourth member playing live on OMD's first headlining tour, live on the Old Grey Whistle Test  and for mimed performances of hit single Messages on Top of the Pops. There were some recordings of him with the band, among them the second Peel Sessions which the group did and the backing tracks for the song "Souvenir", created by himself. Hughes left OMD in November 1980 and "Souvenir" was released as a single in August 1981 and on the Architecture and Morality album in November 1981. He was subsequently replaced by Martin Cooper.

After leaving OMD, he teamed up with Keith Hartley, forming with him the synthpop duo Godot. The duo released a like-Dalek I's Compass Cumpas EP, Extended Player, in 1981. However, in that year, Alan Gill solicited the help of Hartley, in a reformed line-up of Dalek I Love You, and the latter joined. So, Hughes called for new members, being joined by Freeze Frame members Ronnie Stone on guitar and Steve Byrne on vocals, Martin Cooper, who replaced him in OMD, on saxophone, after playing it in the Extended Player EP, and a drummer. The band toured with Dalek I Love You, but shortly afterwards, Stone left to join China Crisis, and Godot split up. In August 1982, "Something's Missing", their last single, was released.

Later, he joined Freeze Frame for gigs. In 1983, he reformed synthpop band Games, although they only played one gig. He also played with Lotus Eaters, and collaborated with Thomas Lang.

Hughes currently composes for film and television, such as the Discworld films which he worked on with Paul E. Francis, as well as work in producing films. His first was Awaydays and more recently Powder, which was set in Liverpool.

Discography
With Dalek I Love You:
"Freedom Fighters" single (1979)
"Dalek I Love You (Destiny)" single (1980)
Compass kum'pəs (1980)

With Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark
Peel Sessions 1979-1983 (tracks 5-8):
 Pretending To See The Future
 Enola Gay
 Dancing
 Motion And Heart

References

External links
Robinparmar.com
Omd.uk.com

English keyboardists
English new wave musicians
Musicians from Birkenhead
1960 births
Living people


Jean-Marc Alexandre (born 24 August 1986) is a Haitian international footballer who last played for Hang Yuen in the Taiwan Football Premier League, as a midfielder.

Career

Youth and College
Born in Verrettes, Haiti, Alexandre grew up Delray Beach, Florida, attended Atlantic High School, and played college soccer at Lynn University. During his collegiate years he also played in the USL Premier Development League with Palm Beach Pumas and Ventura County Fusion.

Professional
Alexandre was drafted in the first round (12th overall) in the 2009 MLS SuperDraft by Real Salt Lake. He made his professional debut on 28 March 2009, coming on as a substitute in RSL's game against Seattle Sounders. After a 2–0 victory over the Vancouver Whitecaps in June 2011, Alexandre was named Player of the Week after scoring his first goal and first career assist in MLS.

Alexandre was traded by Salt Lake to San Jose Earthquakes on 1 December 2011 in exchange for a first round pick in the 2012 MLS Supplemental Draft.

San Jose sent Alexandre to USL Pro club Orlando City on 7 June 2012 for a two-match loan deal. He was re-loaned to Orlando City again on 6 July on a second two-match loan.

He signed for Malaysian club Negeri Sembilan FA in 2014.

On 1 March 2018, he signed for Taiwanese club Hang Yuen.

International
Alexandre is a full international for Haiti, having played in three friendlies in 2008, starting against Honduras, and coming off the bench against Trinidad & Tobago twice.

Honours

Club
Orlando City SC
 USL (1): 2013

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Haiti men's international footballers
Haitian men's footballers
Haitian expatriate men's footballers
Haitian expatriate sportspeople in Malaysia
Lynn Fighting Knights men's soccer players
Palm Beach Pumas players
People from Artibonite (department)
Ventura County Fusion players
Real Salt Lake players
Austin Aztex FC players
San Jose Earthquakes players
Orlando City SC (2010–2014) players
Negeri Sembilan FC players
Fort Lauderdale Strikers players
USL League Two players
Major League Soccer players
USL First Division players
USL Championship players
North American Soccer League (2011–2017) players
2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Copa América Centenario players
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Haitian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Sportspeople from Delray Beach, Florida
Real Salt Lake draft picks
Expatriate men's footballers in Malaysia
Soccer players from Florida
Hang Yuan FC players
Expatriate men's footballers in Taiwan
Haitian expatriate sportspeople in Taiwan
Men's association football midfielders


Flash Bomba is a comic book superhero created by Filipino graphic novelist Mars Ravelo.

Fictional character biography
Paul Lester Sison AKA Flash Bomba was a man who lost the use of his legs in an accident. Because of this, he trained the rest of his body to an incredible level of athletic ability and did everyday stuff using his hands to compensate for the loss of his ability to walk. Eventually, he heard a rumour about a "Tikbalang" (a mythological creature with the body of a man and the head of a horse) who would grant powers to anyone who could defeat it in battle. Flash Bomba challenged the Tikbalang and set a time and place for the battle. He defeated it despite his physical limitations and the Tikbalang granted him superpowers. But as a jest, the Tikbalang gave him powers that made him look awkward. Flash Bomba was given the Tikbalang's magic hair, said talisman () allowing him to transform into his super-powered version - a being with large hands and feet, as well as superhuman powers. Using his new abilities, he became a crimefighter.

Powers and abilities

Flash Bomba has superhuman strength, the ability to walk up walls, to generate "thunderclaps" using his large hands or block almost anything with same. In spite of his enlarged extremities, Flash Bomba is not in the least clumsy, and is a skilled unarmed fighter. He can also mystically summon "devil horses" to create a stampede.

In other media

Television

The 2009 television series Komiks Presents: Flash Bomba stars Luis Manzano. Reno Maniquis redid the logo and modernized the costumes.

Flash Bomba also stars Roxanne Guinoo, Sid Lucero, Lito Pimentel, Nanette Inventor, Alan Paule, Rio Locsin, and Empoy Marquez.

Isang Lakas
Flash Bomba was part of the "Isang Lakas" team composed of past Komiks Presents heroes such as Varga, Tiny Tony and Kapitan Boom. The Isang Lakas crew is a superhero group conceptualized by ABS-CBN inspired by America's Avengers and Justice League.

Collected editions

See also
Isang Lakas
List of Filipino superheroes

External links

Flash Bomba at the International Catalogue of Superheroes
Philippine Comics - The most comprehensive library of Filipino comics on the internet.

References

Fictional Filipino people
Television superheroes
Comics superheroes
Filipino superheroes
Filipino comics characters


A total lunar eclipse took place on Saturday, January 9 and Sunday, January 10, 1982, the first of three lunar eclipses in 1982. The Moon was plunged into darkness for 1 hour and 17 minutes 39.5 seconds, in a deep total eclipse which saw the Moon 33.103% of its diameter inside the Earth's umbral shadow. The visual effect of this depends on the state of the Earth's atmosphere, but the Moon may have been stained a deep red colour. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 24 minutes in total.

Visibility
It was completely visible over Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia, seen rising over North Atlantic Ocean, and setting over North Pacific Ocean.

Related eclipses

Eclipses in 1982
 A total lunar eclipse on January 9.
 A partial solar eclipse on January 25.
 A partial solar eclipse on June 21.
 A total lunar eclipse on July 6.
 A partial solar eclipse on July 20.
 A partial solar eclipse on December 15.
 A total lunar eclipse on December 30.
There were seven eclipses in 1982, the maximum possible, including 4 partial solar eclipses: January 25, July 20, June 21, and December 15.

Lunar year series

Tritos
 Preceded: Lunar eclipse of February 10, 1971
 Followed: Lunar eclipse of December 9, 1992

Tzolkinex
 Preceded: Lunar eclipse of November 29, 1974
 Followed: Lunar eclipse of March 9, 1988

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of Solar Saros 131.

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

1982-01
1982 in science
January 1982 events


Gary Bernard Gorton (born c. 1951) is an American economist who currently serves as the Frederick Frank Class of 1954 Professor of Finance at Yale School of Management. He is known for his theory on the role of repurchase agreements on the 2008 financial crisis.

As one of the top economists in the world, Gorton is frequently mentioned as a possible recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics.

Early life

Gorton was born to a psychiatrist in Phoenix. He earned a B.A. in Chinese Language and Literature from Oberlin College in 1973. After his undergraduate career, he followed a roundabout path to his current position in academia. He first obtained a M.A. in Chinese Studies from University of Michigan in 1974. He had thought of becoming an actor and even drove a cab in Cleveland. Eventually, he settled in graduate school in economics: he earned a M.A. in Economics from Cleveland State University in 1977 and a M.A. in Economics from the University of Rochester in 1980. He earned his Ph.D. in economics from University of Rochester in 1983. His dissertation was titled "Banking Panics" with the economists Robert Barro and Robert King on his dissertation committee.

Career
After completing his Ph.D. in economics, Gorton joined the faculty at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. During this time, Gorton served as the director of the research program for the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and as a senior economist at the Federal Reserve in Philadelphia, where he focused on the financial markets, banks, and bank regulation. He is a former member of the Moody’s Investors Services Academic Advisory Panel. He remained at the University of Pennsylvania for 24 years until he joined the faculty at the Yale School of Management. At the Yale School of Management, Gorton teaches a course titled "Capital Markets." Gorton has also taught at the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business and has worked at the Bank of England as a Houblon-Norman Fellow.

In his book titled "Slapped by the Invisible Hand: The Panic of 2007," Gorton wrote in May 2009 that the rise of the unregulated shadow banking system was a primary cause of the subprime mortgage crisis.

As an expert in stock and futures markets, banking, and asset pricing, he is an editor of the Review of Economic Studies and the Review of Financial Studies. He has also served on the editorial boards of Journal of Financial Services Research, the Journal of Financial Intermediation, the Journal of Financial Markets, the Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, Advances in International Banking and Finance, Finance Letters, and the Economic Policy Review (of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York).

References

External links
Gary Gorton homepage via Yale University

1951 births
Living people
Oberlin College alumni
Yale University faculty
21st-century American economists
1950s births
University of Rochester alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Cleveland State University alumni


A total lunar eclipse took place on Thursday, December 30, 1982. A shallow total eclipse saw the Moon in relative darkness for 1 hour 3 seconds. The Moon was 18% of its diameter into the Earth's umbral shadow, and should have been significantly darkened. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 16 minutes in total. This was a supermoon since perigee was on the same day. It was also a blue moon, the second full moon of December for the eastern hemisphere where the previous full moon was on December 1. Since total lunar eclipses are also known as blood moons, this combination (which would not recur until January 31, 2018) is known as a super blue blood moon.

Visibility

Related eclipses

Eclipses in 1982
 A total lunar eclipse on January 9.
 A partial solar eclipse on January 25.
 A partial solar eclipse on June 21.
 A total lunar eclipse on July 6.
 A partial solar eclipse on July 20.
 A partial solar eclipse on December 15.
 A total lunar eclipse on December 30.
There are seven eclipses in 1982, the maximum possible, including 4 partial solar eclipses: January 25, July 20, June 21, and December 15.

Lunar year series

Tritos series
 Preceded: Lunar eclipse of March 13, 1979

 Followed: Lunar eclipse of January 9, 2001

Tzolkinex
 Preceded: Lunar eclipse of November 18, 1975

 Followed: Lunar eclipse of February 9, 1990

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of Solar Saros 141.

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

1982-12
1982 in science
December 1982 events


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Saturday, June 25, 1983, the first of two lunar eclipses in 1983 with an umbral eclipse magnitude of 0.33479. A partial lunar eclipse happens when the Earth moves between the Sun and the Full Moon, but they are not precisely aligned. Only part of the Moon's visible surface moves into the dark part of the Earth's shadow. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth moves between the Sun and Moon but the three celestial bodies do not form a straight line in space. When that happens, a small part of the Moon's surface is covered by the darkest, central part of the Earth's shadow, called the umbra. The rest of the Moon is covered by the outer part of the Earth's shadow called the penumbra. The Earth's shadow on the moon was clearly visible in this eclipse, with 33% of the Moon in shadow; the partial eclipse lasted for 2 hours and 15 minutes.

Visibility

It was completely visible over Australia, Pacific and the Americas.

Related lunar eclipses

Eclipses in 1983
 A total solar eclipse at the Moon's ascending node of the orbit on Saturday, June 11th, 1983.
 A partial lunar eclipse at the Moon's descending node of the orbit on Saturday, June 25th, 1983.
 An annular solar eclipse at the Moon's descending node of the orbit on Sunday, December 04th, 1983.
 A penumbral lunar eclipse at the Moon's ascending node of the orbit on Tuesday, December 20th, 1983.

Lunar year series

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of Solar Saros 146.

Saros cycle

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

1983-06
1983 in science
June 1983 events


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, July 17, 1981, the second of two lunar eclipses in 1981. The Earth's shadow on the Moon was clearly visible in this eclipse, with 55% of the Moon in shadow; the partial eclipse lasted for 2 hours and 43 minutes.

Visibility
The partial phase of this lunar eclipse was visible in southeastern North America, South America, western Africa, seen rising over northern North America, and setting over Western Europe and Eastern Africa.

Related lunar eclipses

Eclipses in 1981
 A penumbral lunar eclipse on Tuesday, 20 January 1981.
 An annular solar eclipse on Wednesday, 4 February 1981.
 A partial lunar eclipse on Friday, 17 July 1981.
 A total solar eclipse on Friday, 31 July 1981.

Lunar year series

Saros series
It was part of Saros series 119.

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of Solar Saros 126.

Tritos series
 Preceded: Lunar eclipse of August 17, 1970
 Followed: Lunar eclipse of June 15, 1992

Tzolkinex
 Preceded: Lunar eclipse of June 4, 1974
 Followed: Lunar eclipse of August 27, 1988

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

1981-07
1981 in science
July 1981 events