Robert Arkadyevich Bitarov (; born 23 March 1976) is a Russian former professional footballer.

Club career
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 1996 for FC Alania Vladikavkaz. He played 3 games in the UEFA Cup for FC Alania Vladikavkaz in 1996/97 and 2000/01 seasons.

Honours
 Russian Premier League runner-up: 1996 (played in the "golden match" that decided the championship).

References

1976 births
Footballers from Vladikavkaz
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Russia men's under-21 international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
FC Spartak Vladikavkaz players
PFC Spartak Nalchik players
PFC Dynamo Stavropol players
Russian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan
Russian Premier League players
Russian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
FC Avtodor Vladikavkaz players


Jossa is a village in the German municipality of Sinntal in Main-Kinzig-Kreis in the state of Hesse. Jossa lies within the Spessart nature park and is a state-recognised health resort. The village has 664 inhabitants (as at: 31 December 2005) and covers an area of . Its councillor is Günter Walther (2008).

Main-Kinzig-Kreis
Villages in Hesse


12th & I station is an at-grade light rail station on the Blue Line of the Sacramento RT Light Rail system operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District. The station is located alongside 12th Street at its intersection with I Street, after which the station is named, in the city of Sacramento, California.

Due to the tracks running in both directions on a one-way thoroughfare (12th Street is one-way southbound), wheelchair users can only access northbound trains from the adjacent curbside platform.

The stops are located adjacent to the former Sacramento Union Station, where Sacramento Northern Railroad interchanged with Central California Traction Company interurban services.

Platforms and tracks

References

Sacramento Regional Transit light rail stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1987


Two pair, aces and eights, is the "dead man's hand" in poker.

Aces and eights may also refer to:

Aces & Eights: Shattered Frontier, a 2007 role-playing game
Aces 'N' Eights, a 2008 made-for-television film
Aces and Eights (film), a 1936 film directed by Sam Newfield
Aces and eights (blackjack), two strategic starting hands in blackjack
Aces & Eights, a professional wrestling stable in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling


Tom McBeath is a Canadian actor. He is the winner of three Jessie Awards best known for playing Col. Harold Maybourne on Stargate SG-1. In 2017, he started playing Smithers on Riverdale.

Biography
He appeared in an episode of Street Justice and later, a second season episode and a fifth season episode of Highlander.  He is best known for playing Harry Maybourne on Stargate SG-1, a role for which he was nominated for a Gemini Award in 1998 and a Leo Award in 2005. He is also a stage actor known to take a diverse set of roles.

Selected filmography

 The Glitter Dome (1984, TV Movie) as Farrell
 Certain Fury (1985) as Policeman
 Love, Mary (1985, TV Movie) as Dr. Pearl
 Into Thin Air (1985, TV Movie) as Bank Account Manager
 Red Serge (1986, TV Series) as Constable Murphy
 Malone (1987) as 'Stringbean'
 Backfire (1988) as Man In Bar
 Christmas Comes to Willow Creek (1987, TV Movie) as Sergeant
 The Accused (1988) as Defendant Stu Holloway
 Cousins (1989) as Mr. Dionne
 Quarantine (1989) as Lieutenant Beck
 Sky High (1990, TV Movie) as Auctioneer
 Burning Bridges (1990, TV Movie) as Al
 Cadence (1990) as Principal
 Narrow Margin (1990) as Conductor #2
 Run (1991) as 'Smithy'
 My Son Johnny (1991, TV Movie) as Detective Morgan
 Yes Virginia, There is a Santa Claus (1991, TV Movie) as Sergeant Flynn
 Miles from Nowhere (1992, TV Movie) as Father Harney
 The Man Upstairs (1992, TV Movie) as Priest
 Relentless: Mind of a Killer (1993, TV Movie) as Edmond Price
 Without a Kiss Goodbye (1993, TV Movie)
 The Sea Wolf (1993, TV Movie) as Latimer
 Whose Child Is This? The War for Baby Jessica (1993, TV Movie) as John Monroe
 The X-Files (1993-1996  TV Series) as Dr. Lewton / Detective Gwynn / Scientist
 Timecop (1994) as T.E.C. Technician
 A Christmas Romance (1994, TV Movie) as Mr. Macklin
 Hideaway (1995) as Morton Redlow
 Deadlocked: Escape from Zone 14 (1995, TV Movie) as Senator Don Boyd
 She Stood Still: The Tailhook Scandal (1995, TV Movie) as Tailhook Spokesman
 Black Fox: Good Men and Bad (1995, TV Movie)
 The Omen (1995, TV Movie) as Felt Hat Man
 Ebbie (1995, TV Movie) as Van Munsen
 Trust in Me (1996) as Dutch Schultz
 The Limbic Region (1996, TV Movie) as Fredricks
 In Cold Blood (1996, TV Mini-Series) as Alfred Stoecklein
 Kitchen (1997) as Rick
 Final Descent (1997, TV Movie) as Pilot of Private Plane N9478C
 Tricks (1997, TV Movie) as Mike
 Dog's Best Friend (1997, TV Movie) as Bob Handel
 True Heart (1997) as Quint
 Firestorm (1998) as Loomis
 Goldrush: A Real Life Alaskan Adventure (1998)
 Nick Fury: Agent of Shield (1998, TV Movie) as Director General Jack Pincer
 Stargate SG-1 as Harry Maybourne (1998-2005)
 Atomic Train (1999, TV Mini-Series) as Hank
 A Murder on Shadow Mountain (1999, TV Movie) as District Attorney Arthur DiMarco
 Double Jeopardy (1999) as Coast Guard Officer
 In a Class of His Own (1999, TV Movie) as Skip Jordan
 Aftershock: Earthquake in New York (1999, TV Mini-Series) as George
 Skullduggery (2000, TV Series) as Muldoon
 They Nest (2000, TV Movie) as Eamon Wald
 High Noon (2000, TV Movie) as Rudy
 Along Came a Spider (2001) as Chief Cabell
 Off Season (2001, TV Movie) as Mel Breskin
 Sins of the Father (2002, TV Movie) as J. Edgar Hoover
 Cable Beach (2004, TV Movie) as John 'Luther' Croat
 Supervolcano (2005, TV Movie) as Michael Eldridge
 The Deal (2005) as Board Member #1
 Regarding Sarah (2006) as Obsessive Lawyer
 Eight Days to Live (2006, TV Movie) as Expert
 My Baby is Missing (2007, TV Movie) as Don Walters
 Luna: Spirit of the Whale (2007, TV Movie) as Ernie Ivers
 The Bad Son (2007, TV Movie) as Mark Petrocelli
 Enemy Within (2007, TV Movie) as Sheriff Gene
 Beneath (2007) as Mr. Wells
 Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007) as Karl
 Alien Trespass (2009) as Wilson
 Watchmen (2009) as News Analyst
 Living Out Loud (2009, TV Movie) as Ultrasound Technician
 Christmas in Canaan (2009, TV Movie) as Carl
 The Search for Santa Paws (2010) as Cabbie
 Recoil (2011) as Sheriff Cole
 Gaku (2012, TV Movie) as Moss
 The Woodcarver (2012) as Principal Stark
 The Philadelphia Experiment (2012, TV Movie) as Broadmore
 Camera Shy (2012) as Detective Oslo
 Down River (2013) as Bob
 No Men Beyond This Point (2015) as Jim
 Patterson's Wager (2015) as Dr. Collins
 Travelers (2016, TV Series) as Ellis
 Prodigals (2017) as Judge
 Riverdale (2017-2019, TV Series) as Smithers
 Time for Me to Come Home for Christmas (2018, TV film) as Henry Roamer
 A Godwink Christmas: Meant for Love (2019, TV film) as Charlie
 A Million Little Things (2020, TV series) as Flannel Shirt Man

References

External links

Living people
Canadian male stage actors
Canadian male television actors
Male actors from Vancouver
1958 births


Norway's elongated shape, its numerous internal geographical barriers, and the often widely dispersed and separated settlements are all factors that have strongly influenced the structure of the country's administrative subdivisions. This structure has varied over time and is subject to continuous review. In 2017 the government decided to abolish some of the counties and to merge them with other counties to form larger ones, reducing the number of counties from 19 to 11, which was implemented on 1 January 2020.

Formal subdivisions
There are three levels of political administration in Norway:

 The Kingdom, covering all of Metropolitan Norway, including its integral overseas areas of Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Whereas Svalbard is subject to an international treaty with some limits to Norwegian sovereignty, Jan Mayen shares county governor (fylkesmann) with Nordland county.
 The Counties, known in Norwegian as fylker (singular fylke), of which there are 11. These derive in part from divisions that preceded Norway's constitution in 1814 and independence in 1905. The counties also function as constituencies in elections for Parliament.
 The Municipalities, known in Norwegian as kommuner (singular kommune) of which there are 356. In addition the Longyearbyen local authority has some similarities to a municipality.
 External dependencies

As the infrastructure for travel and communication has improved over the years, so the benefits of further consolidation have remained under review. The number of municipalities has decreased from 744 in the early 1960s to today's 442, and more mergers are planned. Similarly, the political responsibilities of the counties have decreased, and there was talk earlier of combining them into 5–9 regions by 2010. Although those specific plans did not come to fruition, a similar scheme is again under consideration in 2018.

Within the government administration, there are a few exceptions to the county subdivisions:
 The Norwegian court system is divided into six appellate districts.
 The state Church of Norway is divided into eleven dioceses.
 The 13 constituencies for elections to the Sámi Parliament of Norway, which is a part of the Norwegian state apparatus, do not follow the county borders – sometimes encompassing several counties. They do, however, follow municipality borders.

County

County municipality

A county municipality () is the public elected body that is responsible for certain public administrative and service tasks within a county. Each county is governed as a county municipality, with the exception of Oslo, which is both a municipality and a county municipality. The main responsibility of the county municipalities are upper secondary schools, dental care, public transport, county roads, culture, cultural heritage management, land use planning and business development.

The main body of each county municipality is the county council (fylkesting), elected by direct election by all legal residents every fourth year. The county councils typically have 30-50 members and meet about six times a year. They are divided into standing committees and an executive board (fylkesutvalg), that meet considerably more often. Both the council and executive board are led by the Chairman of the County Council or County Mayor (fylkesordfører).

The national government, formally the King, is represented in each county by a county governor (). This office mainly functions as a supervising authority over the county and municipality administrations, and their decisions can be appealed to him.

Municipality

Municipalities are the atomic unit of local government and are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, some social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. Law enforcement and church services are provided at a national level in Norway. The main body of each municipality is the municipality council (kommunestyre), elected by direct election by all legal residents every fourth year.

Borough
Three municipalities, Oslo, Bergen and Stavanger, are divided into boroughs. In Oslo and Stavanger, they elect their own political council. They are part of the municipal organization, but have a certain amount of influence in issues regarding health, education and naming.

Integral territories

Both Svalbard and Jan Mayen are "part of the Kingdom of Norway", although they are not allocated to a particular county and have not been declared as dependencies. Svalbard and Jan Mayen is administered outside of the fylker system.

Dependencies

Norway has three dependent territories (), all uninhabited and located in the Southern Hemisphere. Bouvet Island is a Subantarctic island in the South Atlantic Ocean. Queen Maud Land is a sector of Antarctica which spans between 20° west and 45° east. Peter I Island is a volcanic island located  off the coast of Ellsworth Land of continental Antarctica. Both Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land are south of 60°S and are thus part of the Antarctic Treaty System.  While the treaty states that the claims are not affected by the treaty, only the other countries with claims recognize Norwegian sovereignty on the island. The dependencies are administration by the Polar Affairs Department of the Ministry of Justice and the Police in Oslo. Norwegian criminal law, private law and procedural law applies to the dependencies, in addition to other laws that explicitly state they are valid on the island.

Informal subdivisions

Regions

Norway is generally divided into five regions (), which largely represent areas with a common language and culture: Northern Norway, Trøndelag, Western Norway, Southern Norway and Eastern Norway. Regions hold no official status in the government, but is used for organizing some public organizations, including the Norwegian Public Roads Administration and the regional health authorities. Central Norway is a region which consists of Trøndelag and Møre og Romsdal. Trøndelag and Northern Norway is collectively known as Nordenfjells. Sápmi is an area which spans into Sweden, Finland and Russia and is defined as the "homeland" of the Sami. The Norwegian Meteorological Institute uses different regions, corresponding to the weather patterns.

Districts

Districts () represent an unofficial area organized by common language, culture or geographical barriers. Their boundaries are subjective and some areas may be regarded as belonging to multiple districts. Districts are larger than municipalities and smaller than counties, although some districts may span across county borders. Some districts form a hierarchy where a district can be subdivided into multiple lesser districts.

Settlements and rural areas
Statistics Norway uses the term "settlement" for any collection of at least 200 people who live close together. Outside of these there may be rural areas which have an unofficial border. Sometimes these are defined by school districts. Cities are often divided into boroughs, which may or may not have

History

Municipal independence was established in 1838. The introduction of self-government in rural districts was a major political change. The Norwegian farm culture (bondekultur) that emerged came to serve as a symbol of national resistance to the forced union with Sweden. The legislation of 1837 gave both the towns and the rural areas the same institutions: a minor change for the town, but a major advance for the rural communities.

The composition and number of municipalities, their functions, and the existence and functions of the counties are being continuously debated. However, there are currently no plans for reform.

See also
 ISO 3166-2 codes of Norway
 FIPS region codes of Norway (standard withdrawn in 2008)
 NUTS of Norway
 Subdivisions of the Nordic countries
 List of possessions of Norway

References


Alex Bengard (born March 13, 1979) is a retired American soccer player.

Career

College
Bengard played one year of college soccer at Mt. San Antonio College before transferring to California State University, Dominguez Hills. During his senior year Bengard broke the CSUDH single-season points record and earned the CCAA First Team All-Conference award, was named a First Team All-American, and won the Division 2 NCAA National Championship.

Professional
Bengard was drafted in the fifth round (57th overall) in the 2001 MLS SuperDraft by Los Angeles Galaxy. He played in 7 MLS games for Galaxy in his two years with the team, winning the 2001 U.S. Open Cup and the 2002 MLS Cup, before being waived at the end of the 2002 season.

Bengard dropped down a level to play in the USL First Division, with Seattle Sounders in 2003 and with Portland Timbers in 2004. After briefly playing with Toronto FC's reserves in 2007, Bengard returned to Southern California to work as a coach for local youth soccer organization Legends FC. He also played with Legends' USL Premier Development League team Los Angeles Storm in 2007.

In addition to his coaching work, Bengard also occasionally plays with the amateur Hollywood United, which plays in the Los Angeles-based USASA-affiliated Coast Soccer League. Bengard was part of the Hollywood team which beat Portland Timbers 3-2 in the first round of the 2008 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup.

References

1979 births
Living people
American men's soccer players
Men's association football midfielders
Cal State Dominguez Hills Toros men's soccer players
LA Galaxy players
Portland Timbers (2001–2010) players
Seattle Sounders (1994–2008) players
LA Laguna FC players
Hollywood United F.C. players
USL League Two players
Major League Soccer players
LA Galaxy draft picks
A-League (1995–2004) players


The Code Management Association [US-DE.BER:3031657] trading as the Electronic Code Management Association (ECCMA) is an international not for profit membership association founded in 1999 with mission to research, develop and promote better quality data for use in electronic commerce.

The Association first developed the United Nations Standard Products and Services Code (UNSPSC) as a global commodity classification and went on to develop the ECCMA Open Technical Dictionary (eOTD). These initiatives allowed the creation and exchange of unambiguous, language independent master data, data that identifies and describes individuals, organizations, locations, goods, services, processes, rules and regulations. The eOTD is based on the Federal Cataloging System and the NATO Codification System, the systems used to manage the world’s largest shared inventory developed by the Department of Defense and members of NATO and used today in over 50 countries.

ECCMA is the project leader for ISO 22745 (Open technical dictionaries and their application to master data) and ISO 8000 (Data quality).

ECCMA is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredited administrator of the US technical advisory group (US TAG) to ISO Technical Committee 184 Sub Committee 4 (ISO TC 184/SC 4), a leading ISO technical committee responsible for the development and maintenance of international standards for industrial data.

ECCMA is a Type A Liaison organization to ISO TC 184/SC 4. ECCMA provides its members with ISO 8000 Digital Supply Chain Solutions:

References

External links
 ECCMA

Non-profit organizations based in Pennsylvania
Organizations established in 1999
1999 establishments in Pennsylvania


Theodosius V (Athanase Joasaph) Dahan (1698–1788) was Patriarch of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church from 1761 to 1788.

Life
Joasaph Dahan was born in Beirut in 1698. He entered in the religious order of the Basilian Chouerites and in 1723 he made the solemn vows under the name Joasaph. On 16 January 1736 he was consecrated metropolitan bishop of Beirut by patriarch Cyril VI Tanas, taking the name of Athanase. Shortly later his taking-possession of the diocese, the Melkite Orthodox party asked and obtained an own separated bishop, thus also in Beirut the hierarchy was definitely split, with Dahan who remained the bishop only for the Melkite Catholics.

Dahan was taken as coadjutor bishop by his predecessor Maximos II Hakim during his short reign, and after Maximos's death he was elected patriarch by a synod of bishops held on 26 December 1761 at the monastery of Saint Antony, taking the name of Theodosius. The group of bishops of the Basilian Salvatorian Order, who represented a minority in the Melkite population, did not recognized him as patriarch, as well as they had not recognized Maximos II Hakim, supporting in his place Athanasius Jawhar. They requested Rome to check the election of Theodosius Dahan, which however was confirmed on 23 September 1763 by the Roman Congregation of Propaganda Fide and on 23 December 1763 by another synod of the Mekite bishops.

Theodosius Dahan was thus formally confirmed by Rome on 23 June 1764 and he received the pallium, sign of the patriarchal authority, on 9 July 1764. The clashes seemed to be settled down, but in February 1765 Athanasius Jawhar again proclaimed himself (anti)patriarch. Only after the excommunication of Jawhar and the following reconciliation in 1768, the Melkite Church found its unity.

Rome appointed him also as administrator of the Catholics Melkites of Alexandria and Jerusalem, previously ruled by the Custodian of the Holy Land. Theodosius V Dahan died at 90 on 30 March 1788.

Notes

Lebanese Melkite Greek Catholics
Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch
1788 deaths
1698 births
Eastern Catholic monks
Religious leaders from Beirut


Kentucky Route 1402 is a state highway that runs through a portion of eastern Warren County in south-central Kentucky. The road is known locally as Porter Pike.

Route description

The route begins in Bowling Green at a junction with multiple cojoined routes, known locally as Louisville Road. KY 1402 then proceeds east through an area dotted by small businesses and new residential development for  before crossing under I-65 by way of an underpass.

Past this point, KY 1402 runs through an area lined largely by large rural estates and ranches. It continues east for another  before coming to a junction with KY 1297 in the Gott community.

The route then continues to the east for another  before reaching its eastern terminus at a junction with KY 101 near the Allen County line.

Major intersections

References

1402
1402


KHAD could refer to:

KHAD, the main security agency and intelligence agency of Afghanistan
KWBB, a radio station (104.5 FM) licensed to serve Upton, Wyoming, United States, which held the call sign KHAD from 2009 to 2023
Harford Field, the airport in Casper, Wyoming, United States, assigned ICAO code KAHD
KQQZ, a radio station in University City, Missouri, United States, known as KHAD from 1968 to 2000
KZQL, a radio station in Mills, Wyoming, United States, known as KHAD from 2005 to 2009
Khad, the traditional name of Phi Orionis


Coddle's Harbour is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipality of the District of Guysborough in Guysborough County.

References
 Coddle's Harbour on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


is a Japanese concept of interpersonal communication. It also appears in martial arts circles, with a somewhat different meaning; see below. Literally translated, the term means "stomach art", and it refers to an exchange of thoughts and feelings that is implied in conversation, rather than explicitly stated. It is a form of rhetoric intended to express real intention and true meaning through implication. In some societies, it can also denote charisma or strength of personality.

Takie Lebra identified four dimensions of Japanese silence – truthfulness, social discretion, embarrassment and defiance. In Western literature, the essence of the difference between just talking and really communicating through silence is analyzed in Harold Pinter's The Dumb Waiter.

In negotiation,  is characterised by euphemisms, vague and indirect statements, prolonged silences and careful avoidance of any comment that might cause offense. Information is communicated through timing, facial expression and emotional context, rather than through direct speech. It is sometimes considered a duplicitous tactic in negotiation to obfuscate one's true intentions, which may cause  to be viewed with suspicion. It can also be misconstrued by those with limited experience in the tactic.

 also functions as a method of leadership, replacing direct orders to subordinates with subtle, non-verbal signals. It is considered a desirable trait in a leader in Japan. However, it may make assigning of responsibility or blame to the leader difficult.

In martial arts
In martial arts circles,  has a different meaning, although the concepts are related. Here it refers to those arts which enable the practitioner to sense threats or anticipate an opponent's movements.

See also
High- and low-context cultures
Implicature

References

Japanese culture


Stuart Mills (born 7 April 1990) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays, as a right winger, for Blantyre Victoria in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Premier League for Hamilton Academical.

Career
Born in Glasgow, Mills began his career at Hamilton Academical, making his professional debut on 4 April 2009, against Celtic, in the Scottish Premier League. He made two more appearances for the Accies, before leaving the club to sign for junior side Kirkintilloch Rob Roy.

In June 2010, he returned to the senior game, joining Clyde. He only stayed with Clyde for a year, being released at the end of the season, after making 14 appearances in all competitions, scoring 2 goals.

Mills later returned to youth football with South Camlachie Juveniles before signing for Junior side Pollok in July 2012. He moved on to Blantyre Victoria in the summer of 2013. While playing with Blantyre Victoria he suffered a potentially career-ending injury in March 2014, and a benefit match to raise funds for him was organized.

References
General

Specific

1990 births
Living people
Scottish men's footballers
Hamilton Academical F.C. players
Clyde F.C. players
Kirkintilloch Rob Roy F.C. players
Pollok F.C. players
Blantyre Victoria F.C. players
Scottish Premier League players
Scottish Football League players
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Men's association football wingers
Footballers from Glasgow


Liangchi Zhang (; born July 1958) is an Australian mechanical engineer and scientist. Zhang has been Professor of Mechanical Engineering and the Director of the Graduate School of Engineering, University of Sydney, Australia. He is now a Scientia Professor and Australian Professional Fellow at the University of New South Wales.

Biography
Zhang was born in Huangyan District, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China in July 1958. Zhang received BS in 1982 and ME in 1985 both from Zhejiang University in Hangzhou. Zhang obtained PhD in 1988 from Peking University in Beijing. From 1989 to 1991, Zhang did postdoctoral research at the University of Cambridge in UK. From 1991 to 1992, Zhang was a research fellow in the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory of MITI in Japan. Zhang received an honorary Doctor of Engineering in 2005 from the University of Sydney.

Zhang was the Chairman of the 6th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications in Sydney in 2002 (AEPA2002); the Chairman of the 3rd Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics in Sydney in 2002 (ACAM2002); and the Chairman of the 1st International Symposium on Advances in Abrasive Technology in Sydney in 1997 (ISAAT'97). Zhang is the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering.

Zhang was elected as Fellow of Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering in 2006.

References

External links
 Prof. Liangchi Zhang's homepage
 About Professor Liangchi Zhang, the University of Sydney
 Lifeboat Foundation Bios: Professor Liangchi Zhang

1958 births
Scientists from Taizhou, Zhejiang
Australian engineers
Zhejiang University alumni
Peking University alumni
Academic staff of the University of Sydney
Chinese emigrants to Australia
Living people
Academic staff of the University of New South Wales
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering


Oliver Duff (or Davis) Greene (January 25, 1833 – March 19, 1904) was a Union officer who received the Medal of Honor on December 13, 1893, for his action at the Battle of Antietam on September 16, 1862.

Born in Scott, New York, Greene graduated from West Point in 1854, receiving his commission in the artillery. A staff officer for most of his career, he served as Adjutant-General of VI Corps during the Maryland Campaign. A Major at war's end, he was brevetted to brigadier general in March 1865. He received promotions to lieutenant colonel in February 1887, to colonel in July 1892, and retired in January 1897.

Greene was a companion of the California Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.

Medal of Honor citation
"Formed the columns under heavy fire and put them into position."

See also

List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: G–L

References

1833 births
1904 deaths
Union Army officers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
United States Military Academy alumni
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Burials at San Francisco National Cemetery
People from Scott, New York


Archives Plaza station is a side platformed Sacramento RT Light Rail station in Downtown Sacramento, California, United States. The station was opened on September 5, 1987, and is operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District. It is served by all three light rail lines:  Gold, Blue and Green Lines. The station is located along O Street between 10th and 12th Streets. The station is one block south of the California State Capitol and a several state government buildings surround the station.

Platforms and tracks

Notable places nearby
The station is within walking distance of the following notable places:
 California State Capitol
 California Department of Developmental Services
 California Department of Food and Agriculture
 California Department of Transportation
 California Department of Veterans Affairs
 The California Museum
 California State Capitol Museum
 Capitol Park
 Secretary of State of California

References

Sacramento Regional Transit light rail stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1987


Jan Mandel is a Czech-American mathematician. He received his PhD from the faculty of mathematics and physics, Charles University in Prague and was a senior research scientist there. Since 1986, he is professor of mathematics at the University of Colorado Denver. Since 2013, he is senior scientist at the Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences.

He has worked in the field of multigrid methods and domain decomposition methods. He developed the balancing domain decomposition method and, with coauthors, published the convergence proofs of the FETI, FETI-DP, and BDDC methods, and the proof of the equivalence of the FETI-DP and the BDDC methods. He has been involved in the field of dynamic data driven application systems and data assimilation with applications in wildfire and epidemic modeling. He has contributed to the WRF-Fire software.

References

External links

Home page at University of Colorado Denver

20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Czech mathematicians
Living people
University of Colorado Denver faculty
Charles University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)


16th Street is a side platformed Sacramento RT Light Rail station in Downtown Sacramento, California, United States. The station was opened on September 5, 1987, and is operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District.  Located at 16th Street between Q and R Streets (in an alley), it is served by the Gold and Blue Lines and is the easternmost station where transfers can be made between both rail lines.  With a daily average of 7,100 riders, the 16th Street station is the busiest in the RT light rail system.

Platforms and tracks

References

Sacramento Regional Transit light rail stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1987


Constant Detré (Szilárd Eduard Diettmann, 2 January 1891 – 10 April 1945) was a Hungarian artist. He settled in Paris where he mixed from 1920 to 1940 with representatives of the School of Paris and other Montparnasse artists, several of whom were Central European émigrés like himself, such as Pascin, a good friend of his.

Early life
For the lack of extensive data, the artist’s biography is difficult to piece together. It has been ascertained with some degree of confidence that his forebears were all in varying degrees artists from Central Europe. His great-grandfather Clémens Dittmann was a sculptor who moved from Vienna to Budapest early during the 19th century, where he worked on several important buildings. His grandfather Eduard Diettmann (Dittmann) was a sculptor who married a Hungarian woman. Constant Detré's father, Eduard Diettmann, a steam engine mechanic, died too early to make a name for himself as an artist.

Detré studied painting in Munich with one of the greatest Hungarian representatives of 19th century Naturalism and Realism, the Hungarian artist Simon Hollósy, who organized study sessions in the Carpathian Mountains for his students at the private painting school he had founded in the Bavarian capital in 1886.

Career

Detré went to Paris in 1914, before returning to Hungary, but would leave shortly thereafter, perhaps as a result of the brutal anti-communist repression launched by the Miklós Horthy regime. A member of Detré's future wife's family, it was rumored, served as an "artistic advisor" in the government of Béla Kun, but if so, it was not by official decree. In 1919 Detré returned to Munich and became the theatre director of a pantomime company. He moved to Paris in time for 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (International Exposition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts). He became an acquaintance of Henri Matisse, Raoul Dufy, Tsuguharu Foujita, Moïse Kisling, Kiki de Montparnasse (who modeled for him on several occasions) and a close friend of Pascin. During the 1920s Detré and Pascin often met at Le Dôme Café and the Jockey-Club de Paris, forming an intricate part of bohemian life of Montparnasse.

Detré made a living translating, writing, and creating for the Théâtre de l'Arc en Ciel with its founder and compatriot Géza Blattner, a Hungarian puppeteer, painter, scenographer and director of adult puppet productions. Marie Vassilieff and others participated as well.

His first marriage with the Hungarian Marie Mirkovsky ended in a divorce. On 30 December 1933, he married Claire Carnat, a young artist and puppet designer from a French family. He became a  naturalized French citizen shortly before World War II, on 27 November 1936.

Detré worked as a professor at the Académie Julian, teaching life drawing, the art of fashion, composition, color harmony, model creation, theater art, costume design, theater history, decor, stage sets, modeling, and in situ studies at theaters throughout Paris.

His ink drawings (Miseries and Cannon Merchants) represent his indignant reaction against all forms of prevailing injustices. He illustrated books (Zola’s Thérèse Raquin). Like Toulouse-Lautrec, he was attracted to brothels, as is evident in his so-called Dessins à la Lanterne (lantern drawings), reflecting the mood and feeling and his ability to understand the Parisian atmosphere during the 1920s and 1930s in Paris.

Detré's pastels (his favorite medium) show great virtuosity and originality. Subjects vary from trenchant social criticism to colorful landscapes, portraits, domestic and brothel scenes not unlike those of Toulouse-Lautrec whose influence he recognized. Yet he had his own way of treating his subject-matter, with ordinary everyday scenes, peopled with nonchalant, sometimes withdrawn, but always vibrant characters. Occasionally he painted himself as a voyeur gazing from within the canvas at his unsuspecting models, "gazing benevolently at his subjects from within his pastels", according to his daughter, "representing himself as his own subject-matter, a timeless two dimensional transfer, a cut-out figure of the artist amongst his flesh-and-bone creatures."

His work is found in auction houses, though less so in museums. In the 1960s, several works were placed in public auctions at Hôtel Drouot in Paris, and elsewhere, by the artist's family and his only daughter so that examples of his production continue to be seen by private collectors in Europe. His works continue to be auctioned in Paris at Hôtel Drouot.

His daughter, Marie-Claire Diettmann-Coutan, has published a book in his memory, with collected written testimonials and photographic reproductions of his work.

Notes

References

Further reading

Németh, Antal. "Művészi bábjáték törekvések hazánkban" [The art of theatre puppetry in Hungary]. A bábjátszás Magyarországon [Puppetry in Hungary]. Budapest, 1955.

External links

1891 births
1945 deaths
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
French male painters
Hungarian painters
Post-impressionist painters
School of Paris
Art Nouveau painters
Artists from Budapest
Hungarian emigrants to France
Academic staff of the Académie Julian


Litten's sign is a clinical sign in which cotton wool spots are seen on fundoscopic examination of the retina in patients with infective endocarditis.

The sign is named after Moritz Litten.

See also
 Roth's spot

References

Medical signs
Cardiology


Cathy Waterman is a California based jewelry designer and a member of the Council of Fashion Designers of America. She designs “ethereal, feminine, lyrical” jewelry using recycled metals and fair trade stones.

History
Waterman spent her childhood in California. Her first jewelry design sketches she designed for herself. In 1990 Waterman launched her brand. Since 1997 Waterman is in a partnership with Ylang 23, which debuted many of Waterman´s collections like “Love of My Life” Album of Rings in 2009 and “Wild Love” Collection in 2010.

Waterman is married to pop lyricist Eddie Kislinger and they have three children together.

Designs
On May 3, 2014 Michelle Obama wore Cathy Waterman earrings to the White House Correspondents Dinner. On January 21, 2013 Mrs. Obama wore a Cathy Waterman necklace and earrings to the Presidential Inauguration which are now in the Smithsonian Museum. On May 24, 2011 Mrs. Obama attended a state dinner at Buckingham Palace wearing Cathy Waterman earrings.

Singer Taylor Swift performed at the 2014 Grammy Awards wearing Cathy Waterman earrings.

Cathy Waterman designed the jewelry featured in the film Snow White and the Huntsman including the recycled gold vine earrings with black sapphires and diamonds worn by Charlize Theron and the gold ring worn by Kristen Stewart.

Julia Louis Dreyfus wore Cathy Waterman jewelry on the TV show VEEP.

Matthew McConaughey proposed to Camila Alves with a Cathy Waterman engagement ring.

Stephen Moyer proposed to his True Blood costar Anna Paquin with a Cathy Waterman ring.

Academy Award winner Julia Roberts wearing Cathy Waterman.

Photographer Sally Mann wore Cathy Waterman jewelry on the cover of New York Times Magazine.

On 2021, Cathy Waterman designed Taylor Swift’s merch ring  for the re-release of Red (Taylor's Version). The ring can be seen on the album's artwork.

Interviews

 Los Angeles Times “Cathy Waterman wants to imbue her jewelry with magic"
Food & Wine Magazine “Cathy Waterman’s Precious Metals at the Table”
Food & Wine Magazine “Cathy Waterman’s Incredible Multitasking Kitchen”
Le Figaro “Pleins feux sur six créateurs”
Vogue Paris “L’exposition Cathy Waterman chez White Bird”
L’Express “Les bijoux feeriques de Cathy Waterman dans Blanche-Neige et le chasseur avec Charlize Theron”
Vogue Paris “Cathy Waterman designs jewelry for Snow White and The Huntsman"
People Magazine “Golden Girl”

Red carpet

Academy Award winner Gwyneth Paltrow wore a Cathy Waterman bracelet when she accepted her Oscar for Best Actress in 1999.

Academy Award winner Nicole Kidman wears Cathy Waterman.

Golden Globe winner Michelle Pfeiffer wore Cathy Waterman earrings to the 2012 London premiere of Dark Shadows.

Tony Award-winning actress Viola Davis wore Cathy Waterman jewelry to the 2012 SAG Awards.

Academy Award winner Jennifer Lawrence wore a Cathy Waterman necklace to the 2011 BAFTA Awards.

SAG award winner Dianna Agron wore a Cathy Waterman necklace to the 2011 Golden Globes.

Golden Globe award winner Kerri Russell wore Cathy Waterman to the 2010 Emmy Awards.

Emmy Award winner Laura Linney wore Cathy Waterman to the 2008 Academy Awards and the 2009 Golden Globe Awards.

Two time Academy Award winner Sally Field wore her Cathy Waterman earrings to the 2007 Emmy Awards.

References

External links
 Cathy Waterman website

American jewelry designers
People from California
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women jewellers


Half Island Cove  is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipality of the District of Guysborough in Guysborough County on the shore of Chedabucto Bay.

The beach at Half Island Cove is one of the warmest beaches in Nova Scotia.

References
  Half Island Cove on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Ilyas Gadit (born 1946) is associated with Gujrati Journalism for over four decades and has been the editor of Gujrati evening paper "Watan" for almost a decade.

He is the editor of Gujrati evening paper Watan' and a noted writer and translator.

See also
List of Pakistani journalists
Radio Pakistan

References

External links
Daily Dawn

Living people
Pakistani male journalists
1946 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
Date of birth missing (living people)


Niobium bromide may refer to
 Niobium(III) bromide. NbBr3
 Niobium(IV) bromide, NbBr4
 Niobium(V) bromide, NbBr5

References

Niobium compounds
Bromides
Metal halides


Moonlighting: the Television Soundtrack Album is the soundtrack to the ABC television series Moonlighting and was produced by Phil Ramone and Glenn Gordon Caron.

Background
The album features songs performed on the show by series leads Cybill Shepherd and Bruce Willis, alongside the series theme song performed by Al Jarreau. That single peaked at number one on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart on July 25, 1987. Other songs include Chubby Checker's "Limbo Rock", The Isley Brothers's "This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You)", and "When a Man Loves a Woman" by Percy Sledge.

Track listing

Charts

References

Television soundtracks
1987 soundtrack albums
MCA Records soundtracks


"Fragment of a Novel" is an unfinished 1819 vampire horror story written by Lord Byron. The story, also known as "A Fragment" and "The Burial: A Fragment", was one of the first in English to feature a vampire theme. The main character was Augustus Darvell. John William Polidori based his novella The Vampyre (1819), originally attributed in print to Lord Byron, on the Byron fragment. The vampire in the Polidori story, Lord Ruthven, was modelled on Byron himself. The story was the result of the meeting that Byron had in the summer of 1816 with Percy Bysshe Shelley where a "ghost writing" contest was proposed. This contest was also what led to the creation of Frankenstein according to Percy Bysshe Shelley's 1818 Preface to the novel. The story is important in the development and evolution of the vampire story in English literature as one of the first to feature the modern vampire as able to function in society in disguise. The short story first appeared under the title "A Fragment" in the 1819 collection Mazeppa: A Poem, published by John Murray in London.

Plot
The story is written in an epistolary form with the narrator recounting the events that had occurred in a letter. The letter is dated 17 June 1816. The narrator embarks on a journey or "Grand Tour" to the East with an elderly man, Augustus Darvell. During the journey, Darvell becomes physically weaker, "daily more enfeebled". They arrive at a Turkish cemetery between Smyrna and Ephesus near the columns of Diana. Near death, Darvell reaches a pact with the narrator not to reveal his impending death to anyone. A stork appears in the cemetery with a snake in its mouth. After Darvell dies, the narrator is shocked to see that his face turns black and his body rapidly decomposes:

"I was shocked with the sudden certainty which could not be mistaken — his countenance in a few minutes became nearly black. I should have attributed so rapid a change to poison, had I not been aware that he had no opportunity of receiving it unperceived."

Darvell is buried in the Turkish cemetery by the narrator. The narrator's reaction was stoical: "I was tearless." According to John Polidori, Byron intended to have Darvell reappear, alive again, as a vampire, but did not finish the story. Polidori's account of Byron's story in a letter to his publisher in 1819 indicates it "depended for interest upon the circumstances of two friends leaving England, and one dying in Greece, the other finding him alive upon his return, and making love to his sister."

Major characters
 The Narrator, recounts the story in a letter
 Augustus Darvell, a wealthy, elderly man
 Suleiman, a Turkish janizary

Publication history

Byron's unfinished short story, also known as "A Fragment" and "The Burial: A Fragment", was appended to Mazeppa by the publisher John Murray in June 1819 in London without the approval of Byron. On 20 March 1820, Byron wrote to Murray: "I shall not allow you to play the tricks you did last year with the prose you post-scribed to 'Mazeppa,' which I sent to you not to be published, if not in a periodical paper, – and there you tacked it, without a word of explanation, and be damned to you."

Byron on vampirism
Byron wrote about his views on vampires and vampirism in his notes to the 1813 work The Giaour: A Fragment of a Turkish Tale:
The Vampire superstition is still general in the Levant. Honest Tournefort tells a long story about these 'Vroucolachas', as he calls them. The Romaic term is 'Vardoulacha'. I recollect a whole family being terrified by the scream of a child, which they imagined must proceed from such a visitation. The Greeks never mention the word without horror. I find that 'Broucolokas' is an old legitimate Hellenic appellation—the moderns, however, use the word I mention. The stories told in Hungary and Greece of these foul feeders are singular, and some of them most incredibly attested.

A vampire who returns to destroy his family is described in The Giaour, lines 757–768:

But first, on earth as vampire sent,
Thy corse shall from its tomb be rent:
Then ghastly haunt thy native place,
And suck the blood of all thy race;
There from thy daughter, sister, wife,
At midnight drain the stream of life;
Yet loathe the banquet which perforce
Must feed thy livid living corse:
Thy victims ere they yet expire
Shall know the demon for their sire,
As cursing thee, thou cursing them,
Thy flowers are withered on the stem.

In a 27 April 1819 letter, however, Byron disclaimed any interest in vampires: "I have besides a personal dislike to 'Vampires,' and the little acquaintance I have with them would by no means induce me to reveal their secrets."

Byron would be regarded as the originator or origin for the modern conception of the vampire in literature as a prominent member of society.

Ghost story contest
The vampire fragment was a product of the ghost story contest that occurred in Geneva on 17 June 1816, when Byron stayed at the Villa Diodati with author and physician John William Polidori. Their guests were Percy Bysshe Shelley, Mary Godwin, and Claire Clairmont. Mary recalled the contest and Byron's contribution in the 1831 introduction to Frankenstein:

'We will each write a ghost story,' said Lord Byron; and his proposition was acceded to. There were four of us. The noble author began a tale, a fragment of which he printed at the end of his poem of  Mazeppa.

In the 1818 preface to Frankenstein, Percy Bysshe Shelley described the contest with Lord Byron and John Polidori:
Two other friends (a tale from the pen of one of whom would be far more acceptable to the public than anything I can ever hope to produce) and myself agreed to write each a story, founded on some supernatural occurrence.

Byron began writing the fragment in an old account book of Lady Byron's, which he had kept as it contained the only sample he had of her writing other than their deed of separation.

References

Sources
 Christopher Frayling, editor, with introduction. Vampyres: Lord Byron to Count Dracula. Faber and Faber, 1992.
 John Clute and John Grant, editors. The Encyclopedia of Fantasy. Orbit, 1997, p. 154.
 Emmanuel Carrère. Gothic Romance (Original French title: Bravoure). (1984). English version published by Scribner, 1990.
 Ken Gelder. Reading the Vampire. NY: Routledge, 1994.
 Seed, David. '"The Platitude of Prose": Byron's Vampire Fragment in the Context of his Verse Narratives', in Bernard Beatty and Vincent Newey, eds., Byron and the Limits of Fiction, Liverpool: Liverpool U.P., 1988, pp. 126–147.
 The Byronic Vampyre.
 A vampiric extract from The Giaour: A Fragment of a Turkish Tale (1813).
 Barber, Paul. Vampires, Burial, and Death: Folklore and Reality. Yale University Press, 1988.
 Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de. A Voyage Into the Levant, 1718. English edition, London: printed for D. Midwinter. Volume I, 1741.
 Bainbridge, S. "Lord Ruthven's Power: Polidori's 'The Vampyre', Doubles and the Byronic Imagination." The Byron Journal, 2006.
 Skarda, Patricia. "Vampirism and Plagiarism: Byron’s Influence and Polidori’s Practice." Studies in Romanticism, 28 (Summer 1989): 249–69.
 McGinley, Kathryn. "Development of the Byronic Vampire: Byron, Stoker, Rice." The Gothic World of Anne Rice, edited by Ray Broadus Browne and Gary Hoppenstand. Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1996.
 Lovecraft, H. P. "Supernatural Horror in Literature." The Recluse, No. 1 (1927), pp. 23–59.
Stott, Andrew McConnell. "The Poet, the Physician and the Birth of the Modern Vampire", The Public Domain Review. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
Stott, Andrew McConnell. The Poet and the Vampyre: The Curse of Byron and the Birth of Literature’s Greatest Monsters. New York: Canongate/Pegasus, 2013.

External links

 Online edition of 'A Fragment', from Mazeppa by Lord George Byron, 1819.
 Audiorecording by Amy Gramour on the LibriVox website, selection 1, "The Burial: A Fragment" by George Gordon Lord Byron.
 Online version of 1819 collection Mazeppa with short story "A Fragment".
 "Le Vampyre, the Gothic Novel, and George Gordon, Lord Byron", 2003.
 BBC: "Lord Byron's image inspired modern take on vampires", 2010. "Byron was one of the first authors to write about vampires and his image even inspired the look of the monsters. Lord Byron has been credited as the inspiration for the modern suave bloodsuckers seen on TV and film."

Works by Lord Byron
Horror short stories
1819 short stories
1800s short stories
British horror novels
Vampire novels
Novels
Unfinished novels


The New Jersey County Colleges is a system of 18 public community colleges, encompassing more than 60 campuses in the U.S. state of New Jersey.  , there are 18 county colleges statewide; this reflects the fact that each college serves one of New Jersey's 21 counties, except for Atlantic Cape Community College, Raritan Valley Community College, and Rowan College of South Jersey, each of which serves two counties.

In 2003, former governor James McGreevey created the New Jersey Community Colleges Compact, with Executive Order No. 81, as a statewide partnership to enable cooperation between the colleges and various state departments. The compact is administered by the New Jersey Council of County Colleges, which makes recommendations on the deployment and use of county college resources.  The council also provides educational and training materials to the college administrations to further their goals.  The council was founded in 1989 under statute 18A:64A-26 of the New Jersey legislature to promote the advancement of the county community colleges of New Jersey. In 2003, the state further established the Community College Consortium for Workforce and Economic Development as a single point of contact for employers looking for skilled workers in New Jersey.

The county colleges of New Jersey represent 56% of all undergraduate students in the state and offer studies in 1,700 degree and certificate programs. Reflecting long-term trends nationwide, the male-to-female ratio of students in the system is 41% male to 59% female, and 48% of students are over the age of 24. Overall, the system enrolls more than 350,000 students each year on campuses that range in size from 1,300 students at Salem Community College to over 15,000 students at Bergen Community College.

Not all of the county colleges were founded by the State of New Jersey; the oldest county college in New Jersey, Union County College, was founded in 1933 by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration as Union County Junior College; it operated as a private college from 1936 to 1982, and merged with the publicly operated Union County Technical Institute in 1982 to become the current public institution.

List

Selected statistics

Source: Hudson County Community College. Its sources: New Jersey Council of County Colleges; Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau, August 2006.

See also

College admissions in the United States
Lists of universities and colleges
Post-secondary education in New Jersey
Transfer admissions in the United States

References

External links
New Jersey Council of County Colleges

County Colleges
New Jersey County Colleges


The Real Sociedad de Tenis de la Magdalena (; "Royal Society of Tennis of la Magdalena"), commonly known as El Tenis de Santander and familiarly as El Tenis, is a private country club based in Santander, Cantabria, Spain. Founded by king Alfonso XIII and a group of noblemen in April 1906, it is one of the oldest country clubs in Spain.

The club is located in the Magdalena Peninsula, and has over 8,000 members, having sports sections of tennis, hockey, roller hockey, swimming, bowling, and canoeing.

Currently membership is largely reserved for the children and spouses of members only, being very restrictive towards people wishing to become affiliates.

History

First half of the 20th century

Early in the century a group of noblemen decided to create a sports club which they christened as Lawn-tenis Society of Santander. It was installed on the premises of a velodrome, built a few years earlier near the Magdalena Peninsula. In the square surrounded by the racetrack they placed two cement tennis pitches, complemented by a booth, where the players could change attire.

Two years later, the Santander Consistory decided to give the king Alfonso XIII the strategic peninsula, while starting up the popular initiative to build a summer palace for the Spanish Royal Family. From that moment the elitist club became a popular sport entity much frequented by the Spanish royal family. Consequently, in 1909 King Alfonso assumed the Presidency of Honor of the club, which allowed it to add the prefix "Real".

After this appointment, there was a sharp increase in the number of affiliated members with the consequent expansion of sporting activities and meetings of social and festive character. The construction of new gravel roads and buildings allowed the club to share grounds with the Palacio de la Magdalena. Other activities such as bowling were also incorporated, whose first championship was held in 1933.

In 1945, a hockey team was established.

Second half of the 20th century

With the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the club, the Prince  Juan Carlos I arranged a visit. Years later, the king Juan Carlos I officially accepted the honorary presidency of the club in 1976. After this, many events were held, including the European Tennis Championship held in 1982, the organization of the first edition of the International tennis tournament, now called ATP and the Fed Cup semi-final, played between Spain and Germany in 1995.

21st century

During the 21st century, the club has organized events including the  2000 Davis Cup semi-final, between Spain and the US in which the host country won.

In 2006, the club celebrated its centenary with events including the Spanish National Tennis Championship in both male and female categories, as well as the Spanish National Bowling Tournament and the Spanish National Hockey Championship.

Facilities

The club's facilities are composed of five tennis courts of clay and two synthetic surface courts, a bowling court, a fitness center, 3 swimming pools, a nautical section and senior and youth social buildings.

Hockey

Current squad

Men's squad
Head coach: Borja Movellan

Club Presidents

 1906 – 1910 The Count of Mansilla
 1910 – 1942 Gabriel María de Pombo e Ibarra
 1942 – 1945 Ángel Jado y Canales
 1945 – 1948 Miguel Quijano de la Colina
 1948 – 1957 Ernesto Alday y Redonet
 1957 – 1960 Rupert Arrarte e Isasi
 1960               Francisco de Nardiz y Pombo
 1960 – 1966 Pedro Quijano y González-Camino
 1966 – 1972 Antonio Zúñiga y García de Chama
 1974 – 1978 Luis Ortueta y Egido
 1978 – 1986 José Felipe Arrarte y de la Revilla
 1986 – 1990 José Ignacio de la Torriente y Oria
 1990 – 1994 Mariano Moro y Ribalaygua
 1994 – 2000 Jesús Pellón y Fernández-Fontecha
 2000               Alfonso Yllera y Palazuelo
 2000 – 2007 Fernando Bolívar y Fernández
 2007 – 2011 Carlos Rey y Hoppe
 2011 – 2015 Enrique Zalduondo y Fernández-Baladrón
 2015 – 2019 Fernando Cortines y González de Riancho
 2019 –          Ángela Escallada y de Haya

Honours

National honours

 Royal Order of Sports Merit

See also
Real Club de la Puerta de Hierro

References

Sports clubs and teams established in 1906
Multi-sport clubs in Spain
Tennis clubs in Spain
Sport in Santander, Spain
1906 establishments in Spain
Tenis


The Fall of the Louse of Usher is a 2002 British arthouse horror comedy film written and directed by Ken Russell. The film is loosely based on several Edgar Allan Poe stories, notably the 1839 short story "The Fall of the House of Usher".

Plot
Rock star Roddy Usher (played by James Johnston) is confined to an insane asylum after murdering his wife. During his time there he is given various shock treatments by Nurse Smith (Marie Findley) and Dr Calahari (Ken Russell), resulting in a series of bizarre and nightmarish adventures.

Style
The Fall of the Louse of Usher features many of Russell's trademarks including sexuality (often taken to extremes such as the showing of an inflatable doll orgy sequence), musical sequences and over-the-top acting. The film incorporates musical and comedy elements, with scenes exaggerating the cheapness of the props, despite primarily being a horror film.

Reception
Critics generally agreed that the film was not as polished as Russell's earlier work. For example, Paul Higson of The Zone website called the production design "kindergarten level".

References

External links

British comedy horror films
2002 films
Films based on horror novels
Films based on The Fall of the House of Usher
Films directed by Ken Russell
2002 comedy horror films
Films set in psychiatric hospitals
2002 comedy films
2000s English-language films
2000s British films


Wileville  is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Lunenburg Municipal District in Lunenburg County.

Wileville is named after the Wile family, whose name is still prominent in the area today.

References
Wileville on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Dr. Sextus Barbour (July 26, 1813 – December 20, 1848) was a prominent American physician and planter. As the son of Philip P. Barbour (May 25, 1783 – February 25, 1841), U.S. Congressman from Virginia and Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, Barbour was a scion of the Barbour political family.

Early life and education
Barbour was born on July 26, 1813, in Orange County, Virginia. He was the sixth child of Philip P. Barbour and his wife Frances Todd Johnson.

Barbour was a matriculant at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1834.

Writings
Sometime between 1839 and '43, Barbour wrote "Directions for Writing" which is widely cited in literature on writing and grammar:In notes in the third person, the address, and date, are to be placed, on the right side just below the last line. Both letters, and notes, are to be addressed, to the persons for whom they are intended, on the left side, of the lower part of the paper. The place of abode of the person to whom sent, to be first. This is the case when they are in the third person. The letter, or note should never be carried so, near the bottom, as not to have room for the usual conclusion, and signature or to crunch it. Postscripts should if possible be avoided, and, on no account should civilities be postponed to this part. All letters should be enveloped but such as are sent by the post. Nothing should be written when [?] the inside of the envelope; not must any address, be put on the enclosed letter. A half sheet to be used for the envelope.

A hiring agreement in 1846 between Barbour and his eldest brother Edmund Pendleton Barbour serves as a historically significant source for the safety of, hiring of, and caring for slaves. The agreement did not list a price for a slave's services but included the standard food and clothing clause along with an additional clause stating that "the boy Edwin not be allowed to cross the Libertyville millpond or the watercourse when it is high."

Death
Both Barbour and his brother Thomas Barbour, also a physician, died of cholera during the 1848–49 St. Louis cholera epidemic. The epidemic killed 4,500 people, one-tenth of the population of St. Louis. Barbour died on December 20, 1848, and his brother Thomas died the following year in June 1849.

References

1813 births
1848 deaths
Barbour family
People from Orange County, Virginia
American Presbyterians
Virginia Democrats
Deaths from cholera
Physicians from Virginia
Physicians from Missouri
American planters


La quintrala is a 1955 Argentine drama film directed by Hugo del Carril. It won the Silver Condor Award for Best Film.

Cast
Antonio Vilar ...  Fray Pedro de Figueroa, The Saint
Ana María Lynch...  Catalina de los Ríos y Lisperguer, La Quintrala
Francisco de Paula ...  Enrique de Guzmán
Milagros de la Vega
Manuel Perales ...  The Catalina's Father
Andrés Mejuto ...  The Catalina's Uncle
José Comellas ...  The Governator
Francisco López Silva ...  The Bishop
Iván Grondona ...  The Catalina's lover
Antonio Martiáñez ...  The Confessor
María Esther Álvarez
Ricardo Mendoza
Domingo Garibotto
Félix Tortorelli
Enrique San Migue

External links

1955 films
Argentine drama films
1950s Spanish-language films
1955 drama films
Films directed by Hugo del Carril
Argentine black-and-white films
1950s Argentine films
Spanish-language drama films


Tamerlan Elbrusovich Varziyev (; born 22 September 1978) is a former Russian professional footballer. He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 2003 for FC Spartak-Alania Vladikavkaz.

References

1978 births
Footballers from Vladikavkaz
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
FC Spartak Vladikavkaz players
Russian Premier League players
FC Volgar Astrakhan players
FC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk players
FC Spartak Nizhny Novgorod players
FC Avtodor Vladikavkaz players


The history of gamma-ray began with the serendipitous detection of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) on July 2, 1967, by the U.S. Vela satellites. After these satellites detected fifteen other GRBs, Ray Klebesadel of the Los Alamos National Laboratory published the first paper on the subject, Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts of Cosmic Origin. As more and more research was done on these mysterious events, hundreds of models were developed in an attempt to explain their origins.

Discovery
Gamma-ray bursts were discovered in the late 1960s by the U.S. Vela nuclear test detection satellites. The Velas were built to detect gamma radiation pulses emitted by nuclear weapon tests in space. The United States suspected that the USSR might attempt to conduct secret nuclear tests after signing the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963. While most satellites orbited at about 500 miles above Earth's surface, the Vela satellites orbited at an altitude of 65,000 miles. At this height, the satellites orbited above the Van Allen radiation belt, which reduced the noise in the sensors. The extra height also meant that the satellites could detect explosions behind the Moon, a location where the United States government suspected the Soviet Union would try to conceal nuclear weapon tests. The Vela system generally had four satellites operational at any given time such that a gamma-ray signal could be detected at multiple locations. This made it possible to localize the source of the signal to a relatively compact region of space. While these characteristics were incorporated into the Vela system to improve the detection of nuclear weapons, these same characteristics were what made the satellites capable of detecting gamma-ray bursts.

On July 2, 1967, at 14:19 UTC, the Vela 4 and Vela 3 satellites detected a flash of gamma radiation that were unlike any known nuclear weapons signatures. Nuclear bombs produce a very brief, intense burst of gamma rays less than one millionth of a second. The radiation then steadily fades as the unstable nuclei decay. The signal detected by the Vela satellites had neither the intense initial flash nor the gradual fading, but instead there were two distinct peaks in the light curve. Solar flares and new supernovas were the two other possible explanations for the event, but neither had occurred on that day. Unclear on what had happened, but not considering the matter particularly urgent, the team at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, led by Ray Klebesadel, filed the data away for later investigation.

Vela 5 was launched on May 23, 1969. Because the sensitivity and time resolution on these satellites were significantly more accurate than the instruments on Vela 4, the Los Alamos team expected these new satellites to detect more gamma-ray bursts. Despite an enormous amount of background signals picked up by the new detectors, the research team found twelve events which had not coincided with any solar flares or supernovas. Some of the new detections also showed the same double-peak pattern that had been observed by Vela 4.

Although their instrumentation offered no improvement over those on Vela 5, the Vela 6 satellites were launched on April 8, 1970, with the intention of determining the direction from which the gamma rays were arriving. The orbits for the Vela 6 satellites were chosen to be as far away from Vela 5 as possible, generally on the order of 10000 kilometers apart. This separation meant that, despite gamma rays traveling at the speed of light, a signal would be detected at slightly different times by different satellites. By analyzing the arrival times, Klebesadel and his team successfully traced sixteen gamma-ray bursts. The random distribution of bursts across the sky made it clear that the bursts were not coming from the sun, moon, or other planets in our solar system.

In 1973, Ray Klebesadel, Roy Olson, and Ian Strong of the University of California Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory published Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts of Cosmic Origin, identifying a cosmic source for the previously unexplained observations of gamma-rays.  Shortly thereafter, Klebesadel presented his findings at the 140th meeting of the American Astronomical Society. Although he was interviewed only by The National Enquirer, news of the discovery quickly spread through the scientific community. Between 1973 and 2001 more than 5300 papers were published on GRBs.

Early research missions
Shortly after the discovery of gamma-ray bursts, a general consensus arose within the astronomical community that in order to determine what caused them, they would have to be identified with astronomical objects at other wavelengths, particularly visible light, as this approach had been successfully applied to the fields of radio X-ray astronomy. This method would require far more accurate positions of several gamma-ray bursts than the Vela system could provide. Greater accuracy required the detectors to be spaced farther apart. Instead of launching satellites only into Earth's orbit, it was deemed necessary to spread the detectors throughout the solar system.

By the end of 1978, the first Inter-Planetary Network (IPN) had been completed. In addition to the Vela satellites, the IPN included 5 new space probes: the Russian Prognoz 7, in orbit around the Earth, the German Helios 2, in elliptical orbit around the Sun, and NASA's Pioneer Venus Orbiter, Venera 11, and Venera 12, each of which orbited Venus. The research team at the Russian Institute for Space Research in Moscow, led by Kevin Hurley, was able to use the data collected by the IPN to accurately determine the position of gamma-ray bursts with an accuracy of a few minutes of arc. However, even when using the most powerful telescopes available, nothing of interest could be found within the determined regions.

To explain the existence of gamma-ray bursts, many speculative theories were advanced, most of which posited nearby galactic sources. Little progress was made, however, until the 1991 launch of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory and its Burst and Transient Source Explorer (BATSE) instrument, an extremely sensitive gamma-ray detector. This instrument provided crucial data indicating that GRBs are isotropic (not biased towards any particular direction in space, such as toward the galactic plane or the Galactic Center). Because the Milky Way galaxy has a very flat structure, if gamma-ray bursts were to originate from within the Milky Way, they would not be distributed isotropically across the sky, but instead concentrated in the plane of the Milky Way. Although the luminosity of the bursts suggested that they had to be originating within the Milky Way, the distribution provided very strong evidence to the contrary.

BATSE data also showed that GRBs fall into two distinct categories: short-duration, hard-spectrum bursts ("short bursts"), and long-duration, soft-spectrum bursts ("long bursts"). Short bursts are typically less than two seconds in duration and are dominated by higher-energy photons; long bursts are typically more than two seconds in duration and dominated by lower-energy photons. The separation is not absolute and the populations overlap observationally, but the distinction suggests two different classes of progenitors. However, some believe there is a third type of GRBs. The three kinds of GRBs are hypothesized to reflect three different origins: mergers of neutron star systems, mergers between white dwarfs and neutron stars, and the collapse of massive stars.

For decades after the discovery of GRBs, astronomers searched for a counterpart: any astronomical object in positional coincidence with a recently observed burst. Astronomers considered many distinct objects, including white dwarfs, pulsars, supernovae, globular clusters, quasars, Seyfert galaxies, and BL Lac objects. Researchers specifically looked for objects with unusual properties which might relate to gamma-ray bursts: high proper motion, polarization, orbital brightness modulation, fast time scale flickering, extreme colors, emission lines, or an unusual shape. From the discovery of GRBs through the 1980s, GRB 790305b was the only event to have been identified with a candidate source object: nebula N49 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. All other attempts failed due to poor resolution of the available detectors. The best hope seemed to lie in finding a fainter, fading, longer wavelength emission after the burst itself, the "afterglow" of a GRB.

As early as 1980, a research group headed by Livio Scarsi at the University of Rome began working on Satellite per Astronomia X, an X-ray astronomy research satellite. The project developed into a collaboration between the Italian Space Agency and the Netherlands Agency for Aerospace Programmes. Though the satellite was originally intended to serve the sole purpose of studying X-rays, Enrico Costa of the Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale suggested that the satellite's four protective shields could easily serve as gamma-ray burst detectors. After 10 years of delays and a final cost of approximately $350 million, the satellite, renamed BeppoSAX in honor of Giuseppe Occhialini, was launched on April 30, 1996.

In 1983, a team composed of Stan Woosley, Don Lamb, Ed Fenimore, Kevin Hurley, and George Ricker began discussing plans for a new GRB research satellite, the High Energy Transient Explorer (HETE). Although many satellites were already providing data on GRBs, HETE would be the first satellite devoted entirely to GRB research. The goal was for HETE to be able to localize gamma-ray bursts with much greater accuracy than the BATSE detectors. The team submitted a proposal to NASA in 1986 under which the satellite would be equipped with four gamma ray detectors, an X-ray camera, and four electronic cameras for detecting visible and ultraviolet light. The project was to cost $14.5 million, and the launch was originally planned for the summer of 1994. The Pegasus XL rocket, which launched HETE on November 4, 1996, did not release its two satellites, so the HETE and SAC-B, an Argentinian research satellite also on board, missions were attached to the reocket and unable to direct their solar panels towards the sun, and within one day of the launch, all radio contact with the satellites was lost. The eventual successor to the mission, HETE 2, was successfully launched on 9 October 2000. It observed its first GRB on 13 February 2001.

Observations and analysis
BeppoSAX detected its first gamma-ray burst GRB960720 on July 20, 1996 from an X-ray burst in one of the two Wide Field Cameras (WFCs), but it was only discovered in the data six weeks later, by a Dutch duty scientist systematically checking WFC-bursts coinciding in time with BATSE-triggers from the same direction. Follow-up radio observations with the Very Large Array by Dale Frail did not find an afterglow at the derived position from the deconvolved data, but a routine procedure for finding gamma-ray bursts with BeppoSAX could be established. This led to the detection of a gamma-ray burst on January 11, 1997, and one of its Wide Field Cameras also detected X-rays at the same moment coinciding with a BATSE-trigger. John Heise, Dutch project scientist for BeppoSAX's WFCs, quickly deconvolved the data from the WFCs using software by Jean in 't Zand, a Dutch former gamma-ray spectroscopist at the Goddard Space Flight Center, and in less than 24 hours, produced a sky position with an accuracy of about 10 arcminutes. Although this level of accuracy had already been surpassed by the interplanetary networks, they were unable to produce the data as quickly as Heise could. In the following days, Dale Frail, working with the Very Large Array, detected a single fading radio source within the error box, a BL Lac object. An article was written for Nature stating that this event proved that GRBs originated from active galaxies. However, Jean in 't Zand rewrote the WFC deconvolution software to produce a position with an accuracy of 3 arcminutes, and the BL Lac object was no longer within the reduced error box. Despite BeppoSAX having observed both X-rays and a GRB and the position being known within that same day, the source of the burst was not identified.

Success for the BeppoSAX team came in February 1997, less than one year after it had been launched. A BeppoSAX WFC detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 970228), and when the X-ray camera onboard BeppoSAX was pointed towards the direction from which the burst had originated, it detected a fading X-ray emission. Ground-based telescopes later identified a fading optical counterpart as well. The location of this event having been identified, once the GRB faded, deep imaging was able to identify a faint, very distant host galaxy in the GRB's location. Within only a few weeks the long controversy about the distance scale ended: GRBs were extragalactic events originating inside faint galaxies at enormous distances. By finally establishing the distance scale, characterizing the environments in which GRBs occur, and providing a new window on GRBs both observationally and theoretically, this discovery revolutionized the study of GRBs.

Two major breakthroughs also occurred with the next event registered by BeppoSAX, GRB 970508. This event was localized within 4 hours of its discovery, allowing research teams to begin making observations much sooner than any previous burst. By comparing photographs of the error box taken on May 8 and May 9 (the day of the event and the day after), one object was found to have increased in brightness. Between May 10 and May, Charles Steidel recorded the spectrum of the variable object from the W. M. Keck Observatory. Mark Metzger analyzed the spectrum and determined a redshift of z=0.835, placing the burst at a distance of roughly 6 billion light years. This was the first accurate determination of the distance to a GRB, and it further proved that GRBs occur in extremely distant galaxies.

Prior to the localization of GRB 970228, opinions differed as to whether or not GRBs would emit detectable radio waves. Bohdan Paczyński and James Rhoads published an article in 1993 predicting radio afterglows, but Martin Rees and Peter Mészáros concluded that, due to the vast distances between GRBs and the Earth, any radio waves produced would be too weak to be detected. Although GRB 970228 was accompanied by an optical afterglow, neither the Very Large Array nor the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope were able to detect a radio afterglow. However, five days after GRB 970508, Dale Frail, working with the Very Large Array in New Mexico, observed radio waves from the afterglow at wavelengths of 3.5 cm, 6 cm, and 21 cm. The total luminosity varied widely from hour to hour, but not simultaneously in all wavelengths. Jeremy Goodman of Princeton University explained the erratic fluctuations as being the result of scintillation caused by vibrations in the Earth's atmosphere, which no longer occurs when the source has an apparent size larger than 3 micro-arcseconds. After several weeks, the luminosity fluctuations had dissipated. Using this piece of information and the distance to the event, it was determined that the source of radio waves had expanded almost at the speed of light. Never before had accurate information been obtained regarding the physical characteristics of a gamma-ray burst explosion.

Also, because GRB 970508 was observed at many different wavelengths, it was possible to form a very complete spectrum for the event. Ralph Wijers and Titus Galama attempted to calculate various physical properties of the burst, including the total amount of energy in the burst and the density of the surrounding medium. Using an extensive system of equations, they were able to compute these values as 3×1052 ergs and 30,000 particles per cubic meter, respectively. Although the observation data was not accurate enough for their results to be considered particularly reliable, Wijers and Galama did show that, in principle, it would be possible to determine the physical characters of GRBs based on their spectra.

The next burst to have its redshift calculated was GRB 971214 with a redshift of 3.42, a distance of roughly 12 billion lightyears from Earth. Using the redshift and the accurate brightness measurements made by both BATSE and BeppoSAX, Shrinivas Kulkarni, who had recorded the redshift at the W. M. Keck Observatory, calculated the amount of energy released by the burst in half a minute to be 3×1053 ergs, several hundred times more energy than is released by the Sun in 10 billion years. The burst was proclaimed to be the most energetic explosion to have ever occurred since the Big Bang, earning it the nickname Big Bang 2. This explosion presented a dilemma for GRB theoreticians: either this burst produced more energy than could possibly be explained by any of the existing models, or the burst did not emit energy in all directions, but instead in very narrow beams which happened to have been pointing directly at Earth. While the beaming explanation would reduce the total energy output to a very small fraction of Kulkarni's calculation, it also implies that for every burst observed on Earth, several hundred occur which are not observed because their beams are not pointed towards Earth.

In November 2019, astronomers reported a notable gamma ray burst explosion, named GRB 190114C, initially detected in January 2019, that, so far, has been determined to have had the highest energy, 1 Tera electron volts (Tev), ever observed for such a cosmic event.

Current missions
Konus-Wind is flown on board Wind spacecraft. It was launched on 1 November 1994. Experiment consists of two identical gamma ray spectrometers mounted on opposite sites of the spacecraft so all sky is observed.

INTEGRAL, the European Space Agency's International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory, was launched on October 17, 2002. It is the first observatory capable simultaneously observing objects at gamma ray, X-ray, and visible wavelengths.

NASA's Swift satellite launched in November 2004. It combines a sensitive gamma-ray detector with the ability to point on-board X-ray and optical telescopes towards the direction of a new burst in less than one minute after the burst is detected. Swift's discoveries include the first observations of short burst afterglows and vast amounts of data on the behavior of GRB afterglows at early stages during their evolution, even before the GRB's gamma-ray emission has stopped. The mission has also discovered large X-ray flares appearing within minutes to days after the end of the GRB.

On June 11, 2008 NASA's Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), later renamed the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, was launched. The mission objectives include "crack[ing] the mysteries of the stupendously powerful explosions known as gamma-ray bursts."

Another gamma-ray burst observation mission is AGILE.  Discoveries of GRBs are made as they are detected via the Gamma-ray Burst Coordinates Network so that researchers may promptly focus their instruments on the source of the burst to observe the afterglows.

Notes

References

Bibliography

Gamma-ray bursts
Gamma-ray burst research


John Joseph Leibrecht (born August 8, 1930) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau in Missouri from 1984 to 2008.

Biography

Early life
Leibrecht was born on August 8, 1930, in Overland, Missouri, to John and Ellen (née Begley) Leibrecht. His parents were of German and Irish descent; one brother became a priest. John attended the St. Louis Archdiocesan Latin School, excelling at basketball. He then studied at St. Louis Preparatory Seminary and Kenrick Seminary.

Priesthood
Leibrecht was ordained to the priesthood for the Archdiocese of St. Louis by Archbishop Joseph Ritter on March 17, 1956.  After his ordination, Leibrecht served as associate pastor at St. Louis Cathedral Parish.  He furthered his studies at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., where he earned a Doctor of Education degree in 1961. Leibrecht taught and served as principal at Rosati-Kain High School in St. Louis for 11 years, then served for nine years as superintendent of education for the Catholic schools. In 1981, he was appointed as pastor of Sacred Heart Parish in Florissant, Missouri.

Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau
On October 20, 1984, Leibrecht was appointed the fifth bishop of the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau by Pope John Paul II. Leibrecht received his episcopal consecration on December 12, 1984, from Archbishop John May, with Archbishop Bernard Law and Bishop Glennon Flavin serving as co-consecrators.

In addition to his duties as diocesan bishop, Leibrecht chaired the US Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) Committee on Education (1986-1989) and the Ex Corde Ecclesiae Committee on U.S. Catholic Colleges and Universities (1991-2000). He was a board member of the Catholic Health Association from 1997 to 2003, and chairman of the board for the Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate at Georgetown University (CARA).

Upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75, Leibrecht submitted his letter of resignation as bishop of the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau to Pope Benedict XVI in August 2005. Pope Benedict accepted his resignation on January 24, 2008.

See also

 Catholic Church hierarchy
 Catholic Church in the United States
 Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States
 List of Catholic bishops of the United States
 Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

References

External links

Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield–Cape Girardeau Official Site

Episcopal succession

1930 births
Living people
People from St. Louis County, Missouri
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis
American people of German descent
Kenrick–Glennon Seminary alumni
Catholic University of America alumni
Roman Catholic bishops of Springfield–Cape Girardeau
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States


Events in the year 1811 in Norway.

Incumbents
Monarch: Frederick VI

Events
29 May - The Society for the Welfare of Oslo is founded.
2 September - University of Oslo is founded. It is the first university founded in the Dano-Norwegian Union.

Arts and literature
 The Norwegian journal Historisk-philosophiske Samlinger (Historical-Philosophical Collections) first issue was published.

Births
10 October – Nils Christian Irgens, military officer, politician and Minister (d.1878)
17 December – Jens Landmark, military officer and politician (d.1880)

Full date unknown
Jørres Schelderup Hansen, politician
Frederik Christian Stoud Platou, politician (d.1891)

Deaths
8 November - Honoratus Bonnevie, physician (b.1726)

See also


Suicide tourism, or euthanasia tourism, is the practice of potential suicide candidates travelling to a jurisdiction to die by suicide or assisted suicide which is legal in some jurisdictions, or the practice of travelling to a jurisdiction in order to obtain drugs that can aid in the process of ending one's own life.

Status in various countries

Cambodia
An American expatriate who set up websites offering to help people make arrangements to kill themselves in Cambodia shut the sites down in 2005, saying he hoped to avoid problems with the authorities.

Mexico

A drug known as liquid pentobarbital, which is used by owners to euthanize pets, can give a person a painless death in under one hour. Due to the drug's availability at pet shops, tourists seeking to end their lives were reported to be flying from around the world to Mexico.

Netherlands

Critics have claimed that the Dutch initiative for euthanasia will trigger a wave of "euthanasia tourism". However, a clause insisting on a well-established relationship between doctor and patient is designed to prevent this.

Switzerland

Regulations were proposed to limit possibilities of legal suicide assistance for foreigners in Switzerland. The law primarily targeted Dignitas, the sole organization offering assisted suicide to non-resident foreign nationals. The Swiss government rejected proposed stricter regulations in 2006, maintaining the status quo as regulated by Paragraph 115 of Swiss Criminal Code.

As of 2008, 60% of all suicides assisted by the organisation Dignitas had been Germans, and between 1998 and 2018 around 1,250 German citizens (almost three times the number of any other nationality) travelled to Dignitas in Zürich, for an assisted suicide. During the same period over 400 British citizens also opted to end their life at the same clinic. The names of a few of these people are known, though most remain anonymous. By November 2008, the number of British members of Dignitas had risen to 725, a number exceeded only by Swiss and German membership. Given the size and population density of Europe, it is certain that there are Dignitas members in other European countries. Conservative politicians in Switzerland have repeatedly criticized suicide assistance for foreigners, branding it suicide tourism (Sterbetourismus in German).

In January 2006, British doctor Anne Turner died by suicide in a Zürich clinic having developed an incurable degenerative disease. Her story was reported by the BBC at the time with a film crew travelling to Zürich. In 2009, her story was made into a TV film, A Short Stay in Switzerland, starring Julie Walters.

In 2007, Dignitas launched an effort to gain legal permission for healthy foreigners, including married couples with suicide pacts, to end their lives in Switzerland.

In July 2009, British conductor Sir Edward Downes and his wife Joan died together at a suicide clinic outside Zürich "under circumstances of their own choosing." Sir Edward was not terminally ill, but his wife was diagnosed with rapidly developing cancer.

On March 2, 2010, PBS Frontline TV program in the United States showed a documentary called The Suicide Tourist which told the story of Professor Craig Ewert, his family, and Dignitas, and his decision to die by assisted suicide in Switzerland after he was diagnosed and suffering with ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease).

In a referendum on 15 May 2011, voters in the Canton of Zürich overwhelmingly rejected calls to ban assisted suicide or to outlaw the practice for non-residents. Out of more than 278,000 ballots cast, the initiative to ban assisted suicide was rejected by 85% of voters and the initiative to outlaw it for foreigners was turned down by 78%.

United States

Euthanasia is illegal in all 50 states but select jurisdictions have legalized physician-assisted suicide. In 1997, the Oregon Death with Dignity Act went into effect. In 2008, Washington state passed their law which was then implemented in 2009. Laws may only be implemented by licensed physicians based on the individual needs of qualified patients. Patients must meet state requirements to be eligible for physician-assisted suicide.

See also
 List of suicide sites

References

External links
lifecircle
Dignitas
Brochure "How DIGNITAS works"
"Next: Assisted Suicide for Healthy People". Huffington Post

Euthanasia
Types of tourism
Suicide

de:Sterbetourismus


Mikhail Viktorovich Mysin (; born 22 May 1979) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player.

Club career
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 1997 for FC Rotor Volgograd, and played one game for them in the UEFA Cup 1997–98.

Honours
Russian Premier League runner-up: 1997.

References

1979 births
Footballers from Volgograd
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Russia men's under-21 international footballers
Men's association football forwards
FC Rotor Volgograd players
FC Ural Yekaterinburg players
FC Spartak Vladikavkaz players
Russian Premier League players
FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod players
FC Ufa players
FC SKA-Khabarovsk players
FC Jūrmala players
Russian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Latvia
Russian expatriate sportspeople in Latvia
Russian football managers
FC Sever Murmansk players


The 2006 Crimean parliamentary election was held on 26 March 2006. These were the first elections to the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea, which were conducted on the proportional election system. In order to gain representation in the Parliament of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the party or bloc had to get at least 3% of the vote.

Results

|-
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Parties
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Votes
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |%
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Mandates
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |Bloc "For Yanukovych!" (Блок "За Януковича!")
 Party of Regions
 Russian Bloc
| style="text-align:right;" |324,710
| style="text-align:right;" |32.55
| style="text-align:right;" |44
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |Soyuz (Союз)
| style="text-align:right;" |76,143
| style="text-align:right;" |7.63
| style="text-align:right;" |10
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |Electoral Bloc of Kunitsyn (Блок Куніцина)
People's Democratic Party
Democratic Party of Ukraine
Party of the State Neutrality of Ukraine
| style="text-align:right;" |75,391
| style="text-align:right;" |7.63
| style="text-align:right;" |10
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |Communist Party of Ukraine (Комуністична партія України)
| style="text-align:right;" |65,341
| style="text-align:right;" |6.55
| style="text-align:right;" |9
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |Qurultai-Rukh (Курултай-Рух)
| style="text-align:right;" |62,448
| style="text-align:right;" |6.26
| style="text-align:right;" |8
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |Yulia Tymoshenko Electoral Bloc (Блок Юлії Тимошенко)
Fatherland
Ukrainian Social Democratic Party
| style="text-align:right;" |60,153
| style="text-align:right;" |6.03
| style="text-align:right;" |8
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |People's Opposition Bloc of Natalia Vitrenko  (Блок Наталії Вітренко)
Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine
Party "Rus'-Ukrainian Union"
| style="text-align:right;" |49,579
| style="text-align:right;" |4.97
| style="text-align:right;" |7
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |Opposition Bloc "Ne Tak" (Опозиційний блок "НЕ ТАК!")
Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united)
Republican Party of Ukraine
Political Union "Women for the Future"
Political Party "All-Ukrainian Union Center"
| style="text-align:right;" |30,825
| style="text-align:right;" |3.09
| style="text-align:right;" |4
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |Lytvyn's People's Bloc (Народний блок Литвина)
People's Party
Party of All-Ukrainian Union of the Left "Justice"
Ukrainian Peasant Democratic Party
| style="text-align:right;" |19,153
| style="text-align:right;" |1.92
| style="text-align:right;" |-
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |Bloc Our Ukraine (Блок Наша Україна)
 6 parties
| style="text-align:right;" |12,369
| style="text-align:right;" |1.24
| style="text-align:right;" |-
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |Socialist Party of Ukraine (Соціалістична партія України)
| style="text-align:right;" |9,576
| style="text-align:right;" |0.96
| style="text-align:right;" |-
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |Pora! (ПОРА!)
| style="text-align:right;" |1,895
| style="text-align:right;" |0.19
| style="text-align:right;" |-
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |Against all
| style="text-align:right;" |33,569
| style="text-align:right;" |20.98
| style="text-align:right;" |-
|-
|style="text-align:left;background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total
|width="75" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|997,575
|width="30" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.0
|width="30" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|100
|}

2010 majority coalition
On May 28, 2010 a majority coalition was formed between the Party of Regions, the Bloc of Vitrenko, the Soyuz Party, the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united), as well as members of the Block of Kunitsin and six independent deputies. Coalition consists of 68 deputies.

Note: The Opposition Electoral bloc "NOT SO!" really represents the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) at the Crimean peninsula. In 2010 the bloc was known as the Solidarity. The People's Movement of Ukraine "Rukh" in Crimea is known as the Kurultai-Rukh. The Kunitsyn's bloc in the council is represented by a deputy faction of "Krym".

By the summer of 2010 the council consisted of 16 members that quit their respective blocs and are considered as independent: For Yanukovych! - 12, BYuT - 3, Vitrenko - 1.

References

External links
 Election commission of Crym

Elections in Crimea
2006 elections in Ukraine
March 2006 events in Ukraine


Heroes Among Heroes () is a 1993 Hong Kong martial arts film produced and directed by Yuen Woo-ping and starring Donnie Yen as the protagonist So Chan, who was one of the Ten Tigers of Canton. The film shows opium smugglers in the Qing Dynasty, China, with Officer Lin Zexu and Chinese martial arts master and folk hero of Cantonese ethnicity Wong Fei-hung fighting against them. It was released in the US as Fist of the Red Dragon.

Plot
Close to the end of the Qing Dynasty, opium is being smuggled to China. Officer Lin Zexu (Pau Fong) and Master Wong Fei-hung (Wong Yuk) join forces against opium smugglers.

Meanwhile, So Chan, also known as Beggar So (Donnie Yen), a man from a rich family, is famous for stealing food for his poor foster father (Kwan Hoi-san) and friends. He lives with his father (Ng Man-tat) and aunt Jean (Sheila Chan). So befriends a British teacher named Yi-teh (Fennie Yuen), a niece of Prince Barac of Twelve (Hung Yan-yan).

So fights and defeats the Fire Lotus Gang, causing an explosion in which many citizens are hurt and Master Wong demands an apology. Later, Prince Barac of Twelve offers So opium; So becomes addicted to it. He goes to his foster father and learns drunken boxing; his foster father is then killed by the Fire Lotus Gang, for whom Prince Barac of Twelve has betrayed So.

So eventually returns home, joins forces with Wong Fei-hung, and seeks revenge. In the end, So and Wong win against Prince Barac of Twelve and Yi-teh becomes So's girlfriend. Lin Zexu and Wong Fei-hung watch as the opium is burned.

Cast
 Donnie Yen as So Chan
 Fennie Yuen as Yi-teh
 Ng Man-tat as Chan's father
 Sheila Chan as Aunt Jean
 Wong Yuk as Wong Fei-hung
 Hung Yan-yan as Prince Barac of Twelve
 Kwan Hoi-san as foster-father
 Pau Fong as Lin Zexu
 Dickson Lee as Leung Foon

Reception
The author Clive Davies praised the movie writing, "Some enjoyable action puts it on a par with the previous Yuen/Yen collaboration Iron Monkey." In a mostly negative review, Reno Gazette-Journals Jennifer Merriman rated the film a D and wrote, "Donnie Yen (So Chan) was bright and charismatic in his part, but the rest of the characters were overdone and shrill. The fight scenes were good, fast and not too choreographed, but since I couldn't tell what was going on, they seemed overly random — like they just stuck one in every ten minutes whether it fit or not."

Paul Fonoroff of the South China Morning Post had a mixed review of the film, writing, "Actually, Heroes Among Heroes isn't inferior to the majority of period epics churned out since the Wong Fei-hung series was revived in 1991. The lead actors know their kung-fu, and the producers appear to have spared no expense by employing hundreds of extras, all in Qing costume. But because we've seen it all so many times before, Heroes Among Heroes seems as fresh as a rice box left in the refrigerator since the last Wong Fei-hung movie was released two months ago." Another South China Morning Post review said, "Alas, the fight choreography, traditionally one of Yuen's strengths, lacks the crispness of the veteran kung fu director's best work. Donnie Yan (so good in Once Upon a Time in China II) lacks charisma when he needs to emote for longer than he fights, and Wong Kwok is charmless as Wong Fei-hung."

See also
 Donnie Yen filmography
 Wong Fei-hung filmography

References

External links

 Heroes Among Heroes at the Hong Kong Movie Database

1993 films
1990s action films
1993 martial arts films
Hong Kong action films
Hong Kong martial arts films
Kung fu films
Taekwondo films
Films directed by Yuen Woo-ping
1990s Cantonese-language films
Films about opium
Films set in 19th-century Qing dynasty
1990s Hong Kong films