August Blase Cifelli (February 3, 1926 – March 26, 2009) was an American football offensive tackle who played for three College Football National Championship teams with the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team and won the 1952 NFL championship with the Detroit Lions. After retiring from football, he went to law school and was elected as a Michigan district court judge, where he served for more than two decades.

Biography
He was born on February 3, 1926, in Philadelphia and attended La Salle College High School. He served in the United States Marine Corps during World War II, and was awarded the Purple Heart   for his service in the Pacific Theater. He attended the University of Notre Dame after completing military service, where he majored in philosophy. He was a part of three national championship teams at Notre Dame, graduating from the school in 1950.

Football
He was selected by the Detroit Lions in the 19th round of the 1950 NFL Draft, as the 239th pick overall, and played for the Lions from 1950 to 1952. He also played for the Green Bay Packers in the 1953 season, and split time between the Philadelphia Eagles and Pittsburgh Steelers in the 1954 season.

Cifelli was one of the former players who participated in the May 1967 old-timers game against the 1967 Notre Dame football team. While the bulk of the "old-timers" were graduates from the previous year, Cifelli was joined by Heisman Trophy winners Johnny Lattner and Leon Hart. The game was broadcast on ABC and played in front of 20,000 fans at Notre Dame Stadium.

Legal career
After retiring from football, he earned a law degree at the University of Detroit Mercy School of Law. He was elected to serve as a judge of the 48th District Court in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and served in that role from his election in 1973 until he resigned from his seat in 2000. For 10 years, he served as the court's chief judge.

Personal life
Cifelli died at age 83 on March 26, 2009, at William Beaumont Hospital in Royal Oak, Michigan, due to natural causes.

References

United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
Players of American football from Philadelphia
Detroit Lions players
Green Bay Packers players
Michigan lawyers
Michigan state court judges
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players
University of Detroit Mercy alumni
Philadelphia Eagles players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
United States Marines
1926 births
2009 deaths
20th-century American judges
20th-century American lawyers


John H. Callahan (January 25, 1845 – March 13, 1914) was one of two men from the 122nd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment to receive the Medal of Honor during the American Civil War. Callahan was a private in Company B.  The medal was awarded for capturing a Confederate flag during the Battle of Fort Blakely on April 9, 1865; he was one of fourteen men awarded with the Medal of Honor at this battle.

Callahan joined the Army in August 1862, and was mustered out in July 1865.

He died on March 13, 1914, in Manhattan, Kansas and is buried in Sunset Cemetery.

Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization. Private, Company B, 122nd Illinois Infantry. Place and date: At Fort Blakely, Ala., 9 April 1865. Entered service at : Macoupin County, Ill. Birth: Shelby County, Ky. Date of issue: 8 June 1865.

Citation:

Capture of flag.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: A–F

References

1845 births
1914 deaths
People from Shelby County, Kentucky
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People of Illinois in the American Civil War
Union Army soldiers
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor


Haydn Llewellyn Davies  (11 November 1921 – 24 March 2008) was a Welsh-born Canadian artist known for his large constructivist sculptures which stand outside many public buildings across Canada.

Davies was born on 11 November 1921 in Rhymney, Wales, his father was called Emrys and his mother was called Rosina, her maiden name being Gallop. The Davies family emigrated to Canada when he was around nine years old. He studied art at the Central Technical School from where he graduated in 1939. In the Second World War he joined the Royal Canadian Air Force and served overseas from 1941 -1945 with Bomber Command, attaining the rank of sergeant and being mentioned in despatches. While serving in the RCAF Davies designed a poster which is in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

After he finished his war service he completed his education at The Ontario College of Art, graduating in 1947. After graduating, Davies commenced work in graphic design and advertising, eventually rising to become a senior vice-president and director of McCann-Erickson Advertising of Canada, from where he resigned in 1976 when he was 55 to start work as a full-time sculptor. Me married Eva Koller in 1948 and the couple had two sons.

His work has been exhibited in a galleries including the Anita Shapolsky Gallery in New York City. In 2004 the Canadian government designated his sculpture Algoma Blue, located outside the Art Gallery of Algoma in Sault Ste. Marie, a heritage piece.

Davies was a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts.

References

1921 births
2008 deaths
Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
People from Rhymney
Welsh male sculptors
20th-century British sculptors
20th-century Welsh male artists
20th-century Canadian male artists
20th-century Canadian sculptors
British emigrants to Canada


Salmo fibreni, or the Fibreno trout, is a freshwater salmonid fish, endemic to Lago di Posta Fibreno in central Italy.

The size of Lago di Posta Fibreno is only 0.29 km². It is a narrow lake 1.1 km long, 100–300 m wide, situated 289 m above sea level. The lake is in a karstic terrain and rich in underwater springs. The Fibreno trout breeds close to these springs in mid-winter.  It is sympatric with the more widespread Salmo cettii (Mediterranean trout), and separated from it by the breeding time: S. cettii spawns in early spring.

References

fibreni
Fish of Europe
Endemic fauna of Italy
Fish described in 1990


The pūtātara is a type of trumpet used by the Māori people of New Zealand. It is customarily made with a carved wooden mouthpiece and a bell made from New Zealand's small native conch shells (Charonia lampas rubicunda) or triton shell (Charonia tritonis). Larger pūtātara were particularly prized as the triton shell was rarely found and only sometimes washed up on the beaches in the Far North. It is often blown in guest welcoming ceremonies.

See also
 Conch (instrument)

References

External links
Pūtātara in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

Māori musical instruments
Brass instruments
Trumpets


The Turkhel () is a  tribe found in the Mianwali District of Punjab, Pakistan.

History and origin
According to 1911 census the Turkhel were the principal  clan in district by population. According to traditions, the Turkhel were originally descendants of slaves. The word Khel in Pashto means tribe and Tur means Black.

Like other tribes of the district, they are trilingual, speaking Pashto, Punjabi (along with Siraiki language) and Urdu. According to 1901 census during British Raj, they numbered about 250.

Distribution

They are mainly found in the towns of Kalabagh and Marri Indus, in the Isakhel Tehsil of Mianwali District.

Many have now migrated to Karachi, and are involved in transportation business in the city.

References

Social groups of Pakistan
Niazi Pashtun tribes
Punjabi tribes
Saraiki tribes
Pashto-language surnames
Saraiki-language surnames
Pakistani names
Surnames


Tricholepisma is a genus of primitive insects belonging to the family Lepismatidae.

Nomenclature
Most authors have historically treated the nomenclatural gender of Tricholepisma as feminine, but in 2018 the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature issued a formal ruling (ICZN Opinion 2427) stating the gender of Lepisma (and all genera with that ending) is neuter, following ICZN Article 30, which resulted in changes to the spelling of several species.

References

Fauna Europaea

Lepismatidae
Zygentoma
Insect genera
Insects of Europe


Heinrich Adolf Gottron (10 March 1890 – 23 June 1974) was a German dermatologist remembered for Gottron's papules and Gottron's syndrome.

He also edited Joseph Jadassohn's Handbook of Skin and Venereal Diseases.

References

External links

1890 births
1974 deaths
German dermatologists
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany


"Mosbius Designs" is the 20th episode in the fourth season of the television series How I Met Your Mother and 84th overall. It aired on April 13, 2009. In the episode, Ted starts his own architecture firm while Marshall is worried about his own employment situation. The episode also marks the beginning of Alyson Hannigan's maternity leave; Lily appears only in the cold open.

Plot
In the beginning, Barney, Ted and Marshall are all laughing at a joke that Barney had just told them. When Lily arrives, Barney decides to tell her the dirty joke, despite Ted and Marshall objecting and calling the joke "guy funny". The joke has an unrevealed punch line, with Ted telling his kids that the joke was the dirtiest he had ever heard and that he was not going to tell his kids the joke. Lily then gets up from the booth and walks away, with Ted saying that Lily avoided the group for four weeks.

Ted starts his own architecture firm, Mosbius Designs, and operates it out of his and Robin's apartment. He initially focuses on trivial matters; Robin then urges him to focus on contacting clients, and he hires an intern, PJ (Ryan Sypek). When Barney hears about PJ, he is furious, having assumed Ted would know better and hire an attractive young woman (and also having sent an inappropriate letter and underwear to PJ). Meanwhile, at GNB, Marshall fears he lacks job security, and Barney suggests he ingratiate himself to the office with a gimmick. Marshall decides to run a fantasy baseball league, but quickly becomes overwhelmed by the additional responsibilities and his coworkers' demands.

PJ manages Ted and Robin's apartment like an office; and although Robin is annoyed at him at first, she becomes attracted to his authority and they begin having sex together, including during business hours, which leads Ted to fire PJ. With PJ now focusing all his time and attention on Robin, she feels smothered and breaks things off. Ted re-hires PJ, causing Robin to renew her interest in him. Barney becomes incredibly jealous after hearing of this, and unable to talk it over with Lily, confesses his love of Robin to Marshall, who reveals he already knows.

PJ eventually decides to leave, perversely giving Robin a letter of explanation, and Ted a bouquet of roses. Marshall then hires PJ as a paralegal and delegates the fantasy league to him while retaining credit for it; Barney thanks Marshall for getting PJ away from Robin. Robin gives Ted encouragement on his business and coaches him to call his clients.

Production
The final draft of the episode did not reference the dirty joke from the cold opening, but was later added by Carter Bays as a device explaining the disappearance of Lily, as Alyson Hannigan was entering the final weeks of her pregnancy.

In November 2008, Cobie Smulders and her boyfriend Taran Killam (who plays the character Blauman) announced that they were expecting their first child. Despite the best efforts of the show's writers and costume designers, it was still apparent that Smulders was pregnant, due to some poor camera angles that show her abdomen.

Critical response

Donna Bowman of The A.V. Club rated the episode with a grade A.

IGN gave the episode 8.6 out of 10.

References

External links

How I Met Your Mother (season 4) episodes
2009 American television episodes


Ghostbusters (later called Filmation's Ghostbusters) is a 1986 American animated television series created by Filmation and distributed by Tribune Entertainment, serving as the sequel to Filmation's 1975 live-action television show The Ghost Busters.

It is not to be confused with Columbia Pictures' 1984 film Ghostbusters or that film's subsequent animated television show The Real Ghostbusters, which premiered five days later. When making their film, Columbia Pictures needed to obtain rights to use the name from Filmation.

The success of Columbia's (unrelated) film spurred Filmation to resurrect their own property, producing an animated series based on the characters from the earlier TV show. This animated series ran from September 8 to December 5, 1986 in daytime syndication, and produced 65 episodes. The series is technically called simply Ghostbusters, but home video releases used the name Filmation's Ghostbusters to avoid confusion. In the U.S., reruns of the show previously aired on CBN Cable; The Family Channel, Qubo's Qubo Night Owl block from 2010 to 2013; and most recently on the Retro Television Network until 2015.

In the 1980s, ABC aired the series in Australia.

Summary
Jake Kong Jr. and Eddie Spencer Jr. are the sons of the original Ghost Busters from the live-action comedy series of the same name; Tracy the Gorilla had worked with their fathers.

Their headquarters, termed Ghost Command, is located in a haunted mansion nestled between a number of tall skyscrapers (which resemble the World Trade Center's Twin Towers in New York City). They are supported by a number of secondary characters including Ansabone, a talking skull phone; Skelevision, a talking skeleton television; Belfry, a pink talking bat; and Ghost Buggy Jr., their talking car. They occasionally enlist the aid of Futura, a time-traveling Ghostbuster from the future, and Jessica Wray, a local TV news reporter.

Together, they have dedicated themselves to ridding the world of the evil ghost wizard Prime Evil and his cast of henchmen. Prime Evil's headquarters, termed the Hauntquarters (which resembles the British Houses of Parliament complete with a Big Ben-esque clock tower), is located in The Fifth Dimension. In a typical episode, Prime Evil uses his magical powers to open up a wormhole to enable one or more of his henchmen to complete a particular scheme that serves to help him take over the world.

Famous guest-star ghosts and monsters that appeared on the show include Count Dracula (who is actually a vampire) and the Headless Horseman (who also appeared in an episode of The Real Ghostbusters written by Jean-Marc Lofficier's wife, Randy Lofficier).

Like almost all 1980s Filmation cartoons, each episode closes with a segment describing a particular lesson that can be learned from the events of the episode. Skelevision (sometimes accompanied by Belfry) is the character most often employed in this role. From time to time, Jake Jr., Eddie Jr. or another protagonist would talk with Skelevision about the lesson.

While The Real Ghostbusters had the catchphrase "Who you gonna call? Ghostbusters!", each episode of Filmation's Ghostbusters also used a catchphrase: "Let's go, Ghostbusters!"

Controversy
When Columbia Pictures started producing the film Ghostbusters in 1984, it neglected the fact that Filmation had already produced a live-action comedy series with that same name in 1975. Columbia agreed to license the name from Filmation for $608,000, plus 1% of the profits (of which there were ostensibly none thanks to Hollywood accounting). This deal did not include giving Filmation the rights to make an animated series based on the film. After the film became a success, Filmation offered to make an animated series, but Columbia chose instead to give the contract to DiC. Filmation then decided to make their own animated show based on their 1975 live-action sitcom. It was released just a few days ahead of DiC's series.  DiC titled their own adaptation of the movie The Real Ghostbusters to directly distinguish it from the Filmation show.

The Filmation show and the DiC show aired simultaneously, and this left audiences confused because they had similar titles and concepts. This confusion led to poor toy sales for the Filmation show. In retrospect, producer Lou Scheimer felt that it had been an error to produce a Ghostbusters show in direct competition to the more popular Columbia show.

Toys
Many toys were made by Schaper to go along with the series. The action figures were very good likenesses to their cartoon counterparts and included a small comic with each figure which was a shortened version of the first five episodes of the show. The series of figures included Jake, Eddie, Tracy, Belfry, Futura, Jessica, Brat-A-Rat, Prime Evil, Haunter, Scared Stiff, Mysteria, Fib Face and Fangster. Jake came with a removable backpack and Dematerializer. Eddie came with a removable backpack and Specter Snare. Tracy came with a removable backpack and Ghost Gummer. Due to their small size, Belfry and Brat-A-Rat were packaged together with a backpack that could be worn by Tracy or Fangster. Prime Evil had a removable cape. There were also several vehicles and play sets that included Ghost Buggy Jr., Futura's Time Hopper, Prime Evil's Bone Troller, the Scare Scooter and the Ghost Command play set. The following were not made into action figures, play sets, and roleplay accessories: Madam Why, Airhead, Flozart, Long John Scarechrome, Sir Trance-A-Lot and Frightmare, Apparatia, the Hauntquarters. The tagline for the series was "So much fun, it's spooky!"

Home media
BCI Eclipse LLC (under its Ink & Paint classic animation entertainment label and under license from Entertainment Rights PLC) released the entire series in Region 1 in two-volume sets in 2007. Each episode on BCI Ink & Paint's DVD releases of the 1986 animated series of Filmation's Ghostbusters was uncut, re-mastered and in story continuity order. Each set also features extensive special features including interviews, commentary, image galleries, bonus episodes and more. Unlike many of BCI Ink & Paint's R1 DVD releases of the Filmation in-house library, with the exception of two episodes ("Tracy Come Back", and "Like Father, Like Son"), this DVD release appears to have been sourced from the original NTSC film prints. As of 2009, these releases have been discontinued and are out of print as BCI Eclipse ceased operations.

TGG Direct, LLC released a single-disc The Best of Ghostbusters DVD that contains four episodes ("Mummy Dearest", "Shades of Dracula", "The White Whale" and "Like Father, Like Son"). The disc was available at Wal-Mart on a cardboard backing.

Mill Creek Entertainment announced the re-release of the series on DVD.

In Australia, the complete series was released on DVD by Shock Entertainment across three 3-disc volumes on June 1, 2016.

The animated series was previously released on VHS by Celebrity Home Entertainment's "Just For Kids" imprint.

VHS UK history
 Video Gems (later Little Gems) (September 1987 – 1993)

Recurring characters

Heroes
 Jake Kong Jr. is the son of the original Jake Kong from The Ghost Busters. Jake is the leader of the Ghostbusters, just like his father was. He is often responsible for coming up with ideas to solve difficult problems. Action is what Jake lives for, and he takes ghostbusting very seriously. His nose twitches when ghosts are nearby. Jake is of Swedish heritage on his father's side of the family. Voiced by Pat Fraley.
 Eddie Spencer Jr. is the son of the original Eddie Spencer from The Ghost Busters. Eddie is often frightened by ghosts, though he always means well. He's klutzy, but what he lacks in wits and resourcefulness he compensates for in enthusiasm. Voiced by Peter Cullen.
 Tracy the Gorilla is the same ape from The Ghost Busters. Extremely smart, Tracy is credited with supplying the various ghost-busting gadgets which Jake and Eddie use; he'll often produce one on the fly, if needed. Tracy's as strong as he is clever, which also helps in the crunch. Unlike the live-action series, in which he usually wore a beanie, Tracy wears a fedora with a backpack and khaki shorts. Voiced by Lou Scheimer.
 Belfry is a pink-colored bat who can emit a sonic scream. Belfry calls it the Belfry Blast. Belfry will sometimes tag along on Ghostbusting adventures, but often is told it could be too dangerous. Belfry has three cousins: a Southern bat named Beauregard, a Brooklyn bat named Rafter, and an English bat named Yves. Belfry resembles Piglet from Winnie the Pooh. His name and species are a reference to the expression "bats in one's belfry". Voiced by Susan Blu.
 Futura is a ghostbusting sorceress from the 30th century who uses technology instead of magic. She's as intelligent and brave as she is lovely. Her vehicle of choice is the Time Hopper, a futuristic motorcycle. Futura is often called in by her 20th century predecessors whenever a bad situation gets worse. She can predict what is going to happen in the present time, as well as being telekinetic. She also seems to have a crush on Jake; often complimenting him on how he looks and periodically kissing him, much to his delight. In her original design, Futura was an African American with long, light-brown hair. Voiced by Susan Blu.
 Jessica Wray is a TV news reporter. She often reports on the events the Ghostbusters will go investigate and sometimes accompanies them. Jake seems to have a crush on her and she for him. She had blonde hair in her initial design. Voiced by Susan Blu.
 Madam Why is a fortune-telling Roma woman who speaks with a European accent, resides in a wagon, and occasionally assists the Ghostbusters. Voiced by Linda Gary.
 Ghost Buggy Jr., a.k.a. G.B. is the Ghostbusters' Southern accent-talking car that can assume many forms of transportation (including a train complete with graffiti on the sides), along with the ability to travel through time. Ghost Buggy resembles the Chitty Chitty Bang Bang car. Ghost Buggy Jr. is often found sleeping in Ghost Command's garage and gets annoyed when the Ghostbusters land on him. His face is the ghost shown in the series logo. Voiced by Pat Fraley.
 Corky is Jessica's young nephew. He wears an orange shirt with the Ghostbusters logo on it. Voiced by Erika Scheimer.
 Ansabone is Ghost Command's talking skull telephone. When the Ghostbusters get a call for help, Ansabone will usually make it hard for them to answer him and will give the caller a sarcastic message (example: "You've reached the Ghostbusters and you're in luck. They're not here!" or "The Ghostbusters are out right now. Outta their minds, that is!"). Voiced by Lou Scheimer.
 Skelevision is Ghost Command's talking skeleton television. Skelevision often shows the Ghostbusters the problem they will have to face and is very often the one who talks about the lesson that can be learned from the episode. Voiced by Lou Scheimer.
 Skelevator is Ghost Command's bony elevator with a mind of its own. It is the primary transport for the Ghostbusters to change into their ghost-busting attire. A portable version is used when the Ghostbusters are on location while tracking ghosts. Voiced by Erika Scheimer.
 Shock Clock is Ghost Command's talking cuckoo clock. Voiced by Erika Scheimer.
 Merlin is the famed wizard of King Arthur's era, who has previously crossed paths with Prime Evil. Voiced by Alan Oppenheimer (the actor would later go on to voice Merlin again in The Legend of Prince Valiant).
 Fuddy is Merlin's apprentice. When a full moon is out, Jake is able to chant and call him for help by casting a magic spell, which rarely works the way it is intended. He is similar to Orko from He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, though he sounds like Kowl from She-Ra: Princess of Power. Voiced by Lou Scheimer.
 Jake Kong Sr. and Eddie Spenser Sr. are Jake and Eddie's fathers, the original Ghostbusters, who occasionally appear in animated form as well. They are voiced by the same actors that do the voices of Jake (voiced by Pat Fraley) and Eddie (voiced by Peter Cullen), respectively.
 Skelescope is Ghost Command's talking telescope. Voiced by Pat Fraley.
 Ghost Buggy Sr. is the car of the original Ghostbusters and GB's father.
 Time Hopper is Futura's hover scooter. GB has a crush on her, but she does not feel the same way. Voiced by Susan Blu.
 Foxfire is a super-fast-running male fox who resides with Madam Why.

Villains
 Prime Evil: The primary villain is a wizard, although he appears to be a robot with an android-like human skull and garbed in flowing red robes. His name is a pun of the word "primeval". Prime Evil has many evil powers, including the ability to shoot energy bolts from his fingers. Prime Evil's minions often find themselves getting zapped when they do not succeed in stopping the Ghostbusters. He encounters the Ghostbusters in the first episode; however, they outsmarted him and imprisoned him for 100 years, until he escaped. He went back in time to get his revenge. Prime Evil has a hard time saying "Ghostbusters" and will often refer to them as "Ghost Blisters", "Ghost Buzzards", "Ghost Brats", "Ghost Bozos", "Ghost Busting Goons", "Ghost Bunglers", etc. He was originally designed to resemble Mumm-Ra from ThunderCats. Voiced by Alan Oppenheimer.

Prime Evil's ghosts

Main
 Brat-A-Rat: This pot-bellied, legless flying rat has an elongated nose and a lizard-like body, with an acute squint in one eye. He has no wings, but levitates. He serves as Prime Evil's right-hand and tattletale. His name is loosely based on Burt Bacharach. An accomplished keyboard-player, Brat-A-Rat is disliked by Prime Evil's followers as much as Belfry is loved by the Ghostbusters. Voiced by Peter Cullen.
 Scared Stiff: A robotic skeleton, similar in appearance to C-3PO. He is easily frightened and is often zapped to pieces by Prime Evil or falls apart on account of his own fear. He was originally stockier in his pilot appearance. Voiced by Pat Fraley.
 Fangster: A werewolf from the future who wears high-top gym shoes. Voiced by Alan Oppenheimer in a style similar to Cringer from He-Man and the Masters of the Universe.
 The Haunter: "Civilized Hunter of Haunted Prey". He resembles a safari hunter with an English accent. His vocal nuance exaggerates the letter "r" for the letter "w", such as pronouncing "Dematerializer" as "Dematewealwizer." He often gets in trouble for calling Prime Evil "old boy", "old bean" and other English endearments. According to the DVD guidebook, the Haunter's speech, mannerisms, and appearance are based on actor Terry-Thomas. He will sometimes make his pith helmet extremely large to fly in or to assist in kidnapping people. His magic monocle has the power to turn people mean. He is possibly Prime Evil's most loyal minion, as he never sided with Big Evil, believing such a thing was bad business. Voiced by Peter Cullen.
 Mysteria: "Mistress of Mists". She resembles Morticia from The Addams Family, wearing a long black hairstyle. She has power over mist and is known for calling people "darling". She is also known for her extreme vanity. She originally had a human appearance and a long red dress. Voiced by Linda Gary in a style similar to Evil-Lyn from He-Man and the Masters of the Universe.
 Sir Trance-A-Lot: "A Bad Knight to One and All". A skeleton knight with a Dalí-esque moustache who also rides a skeletal horse named Frightmare, and wields the Trance Lance that fires beams that induce sleep. His name is a reference to Sir Lancelot. Voiced by Lou Scheimer.
 Apparitia: "Spirit Sorceress Supreme". A vampish sorceress who talks like Mae West. Like her name implies, she can conjure up all sorts of apparitions. She wears a sleeveless red dress with long green hair, thus giving her a similar look to Eris, the Greek goddess of discord. Voiced by Linda Gary.
 Captain Long John Scarechrome: A pirate ghost bearing a hook and metal peg leg and with an Australian-sounding pirate-type accent. His name is a reference to Long John Silver. Voiced by Alan Oppenheimer.

Secondary
 Airhead: An overweight mummy ghost who is nothing but bandages. Airhead lives up to his name, as he is not very smart. He often makes really bad jokes which amuse only himself ("Duh, Airhead make joke!"). Voiced by Alan Oppenheimer.
 Floatzart: "Musical Maestro of Fright". A petite, red-haired tuxedo-wearing ghost with music-themed powers; loosely based on Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, but looks like Ludwig van Beethoven. Voiced by Peter Cullen.
 Fib Face: A two-faced villain who is incapable of telling the truth. Like Prime Evil, he is immune to Jake's Dematerialization gun; the only way to send him to limbo is to make his faces argue with each other. Voiced by Lou Scheimer.
 Dr. Creep: A skeletal scientist who betrays Prime Evil for Big Evil.

Other
 The Tooth Scaries: Three small ghosts named Big Tooth, Sweet Tooth, and Cavity. A fourth one, a girl named Flossy, appeared later. Her guitar has the power to put anyone to sleep. They have the power to eat anything, due to their sharp teeth. They eventually become good.
 Big Evil: Prime Evil's overweight rival, with four arms and pointed ears. He is so powerful that he forced Prime Evil to team up with the Ghostbusters to defeat him, much to Prime Evil's dismay. Voiced by Peter Cullen.
 Corpulon: A ghost from the future with a grudge against Futura, who sent him to limbo. He requires massive amounts of energy to stay "alive"—in fact, he eats it out of enormous jars. He uses "Bug-Droids" to do his dirty work. Remarkably, Corpulon is one of the few ghosts in the series who is not associated with Prime Evil. Voiced by Peter Cullen.

Weapons
Note: only the Dematerializer was carried over from the live-action series. All other weapons shown here are specific to this series.
 The Dematerializer: The Ghostbusters' main weapon, it shoots a beam that banishes ghosts to limbo, but does not always work (Prime Evil, for example, is too powerful to be affected, and while it works on Fangster, a werewolf, and Scared Stiff, a robot, it does not work on vampires (like Count Dracula) or on a "voodoo monster" named Voodon (seen in "The Bind That Ties")). It tends to get broken, preventing the Ghostbusters from achieving easy victory.
 The Ghost Gummer: Shoots a gob of a sticky pink substance to immobilize enemies.
 The Spectre Snare: Shoots a coiled rope to trap a ghost.
 The Bubble Blaster: Fires off a stream of soaplike bubbles that combine to form one large bubble to entrap a ghost.
 The Dematerializer Net: An energized net that is stretched across the Ghost Buggy that causes ghosts to be banished to limbo as soon as they touch it.
 The Ghost Packs: The standard equipment packs Jake and Eddie carry with their Ghostbusters logo on it. They hold a number of devices within them and also act as jet packs when needed. Tracy carries a larger version, which includes the portable Transformation Chamber itself. The Ghost Packs replace the single "satchel" from the live-action series.
 The Transformation Chamber: A skeletal elevator normally located at Ghostbusters HQ, which Jake and Eddie use to change into their uniforms and equip themselves with their Ghost Packs. After a cry of "Let's go, Ghostbusters!", the elevator rises up into some kind of ghostly dimension where they are stripped down to their underwear and prepared for battle. Their 'transformation sequence' is a series of acrobatic movements along a kind of assembly line, with trapezes, a slide, and bouncing off an old mattress to land into Ghost Buggy Jr. In the majority of the episodes, viewers see part or all of this process.
 The Ghost Post: A weapon owned by the original Ghostbusters. Its functions are unknown, as it was just about to be used.
 The Fright Freezer: A weapon mounted to the side of Ghost Buggy Jr. that can freeze ghosts instantly.
 The Micro Dematerializer: All the abilities of the regular-sized Dematerializer packed into a flashlight-sized "phaser"-type weapon.
 The Ecto-Strobe: A device that, when flashed intermittently, could detect recent ghost and supernatural activity. It could also be used to temporarily stun or blind ghosts. This often made cases a bit too easy.
 The Ghost Gobbler: A handheld portable 'phaser'-like weapon that would fire a containment field or force field and trap a ghost inside the energy beam; with a rotation of the device the ghost could be shrunk down to a much smaller size and effectively captured or dealt with. Jake describes it is an 'Ecto-Plasmic holographic laser perimeter', while Eddie called it the Ghost Gobbler. Debuted in the episode "Going Ape" alongside the Ecto-Strobe.

Episodes

Production notes
Ghostbusters was no exception of Filmation's budget-trimming methods, using among others, an extensive sequence where they got their equipment and the Ghost Buggy. In the episode "The Girl Who Cried Vampire", Filmation reused the model sheets and character designs of Drac and Bella La Ghostly from the Groovie Goolies as Victor and Vampra. Drac's clumsy bat transformation sequence, banging against the floor and ceiling, changing clumsily from vampire to bat was reused in this episode and in several others. In the episode "The Way You Are", Super Spencer makes a reference to He-Man from He-Man and the Masters of the Universe when he punches the door.

Comic book

First Comics published a comic-book miniseries in 1987 based on the show. Originally intended as a six-issue series, only four issues were published. The unpublished issues (along with reprints of the First Comics series) were published in a six-issue set in Germany by Bastei Verlag in 1988. In the UK, numerous issues were reprinted in a hardcover annual called Filmation's Ghostbusters Annual 1987 by World Color Press.

References

External links

 Filmation's Ghostbusters at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on July 25, 2016
 Filmation's Ghostbusters Toyline at ToyArchive.com

1980s American animated television series
1986 American television series debuts
1986 American television series endings
American children's animated adventure television series
American children's animated comic science fiction television series
American children's animated science fantasy television series
American children's animated horror television series
American sequel television series
Animated television series about ghosts
Animated television series about robots
Fictional quartets
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Ghostbusters television series
Television series by Filmation


Cecily Bourchier Norden (née Bowker) (23 December 1918 – 27 August 2011) was an author, senior horse judge, champion rider and exhibitor and stud breeder. She is known for her contribution to the riding horse industry in South Africa.

Biography
Norden was born in Grahamstown, South Africa, on 23 December 1918. She was the only daughter of the late Dr Thomas Bourchier Bowker, Member of Parliament for Albany from 1936 until his death in 1964. He was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Laws by Rhodes University in 1963/1964 for his work over 25 years in the initiation of the Orange and Fish River Water Scheme and the building of the Gariep Dam; his work as the Founder of the 1820 Settlers National Monument Concept; and his work in piloting the Rhodes University Bill through Parliament.

Cecily's mother was the late Gladys Elaine Bowker (née Hart), the great-granddaughter of Robert Hart II, the founder and patriarch of Somerset East, Eastern Cape, and famous benefactor of the 1820 Settlers during their troubled years. Gladys was a graduate of Rhodes University College in Grahamstown, in a combined BA/BSc degree.

Cecily and her two brothers, John and Hubert, grew up on the farms Glen Ovis and Signal Hill, situated in the Great Fish River Valley, 36 miles north of Grahamstown, where they farmed with Merino sheep, Blackhead Persians, Holstein cattle, Arabian horses and ostriches.

Cecily started riding when she was three and has been writing stories since the age of seven.

She attended school for the first time at the age of 12, at Diocesan School for Girls (DSG) in Grahamstown where she played first teams of all sports provided, and later obtained her Tennis Colours at Rhodes University. She obtained the highest Matriculation pass of the combined Grahamstown schools in 1936. At Rhodes University she majored in English (Distinction) and Fine Art (1937–1940), and obtained her UED. She taught English at the Port Elizabeth Technical College.

She married Jack Norden (1941–1954) and has 3 children, 5 grandchildren and 2 great-grandchildren.

She lived for 50 years in Middelburg, Eastern Cape, district and town, where she served on the Town Council, the Anglican Church Council, the Midlands' Farmers' Association (Honorary Secretary), the Sports Union (Manager) and numerous councils for different horse breeds and national horse judging, and organisations for divisions of the Saddle Horse Industry.

She has had many hundreds of articles published on horse husbandry and other agricultural and historical subjects. She has often lectured on radio, and has written and illustrated technical and children's story books. Her best known book is Showing Horses in South Africa, 1st and 2nd editions (1971 and 1980).

She was an equitation and show rider and breeder of horses. She owned the Maastricht Arabian Horse Stud in the Albany District which was registered with the Riding Horse Breeders' Society of South Africa. At this time she was privileged to use the famous Arabian sire, Jiddan, on her mares. Details can be verified in Showing Horses in South Africa 2nd Edition, Chapter XIV.

After moving to Oranje Farm, in the Middelburg District, in 1950 she bought the stud stallion Boaz, a pure bred Arabian imported from England. In 1953 she won the Victor Ludorum for the most points at the National Arabian Horse Championships of South Africa held that year at Middelburg.

At Oranje she also bred several champion SA Saddle Horses and Boerperde which were winners at their respective National Championship Horse Shows.
She died in Port Alfred on 27 August 2011 – refer "Talk of the Town" newspaper dated 30 September 2011.

Contribution to the Riding Horse Industry in South Africa

Middelburg, Eastern Cape, South Africa on 27 April 2002 in that two of its citizens, Mrs Cecily Norden and Mr Pietie Joubert, were selected by the Saddle Horse Breeders' Society of South Africa, from the whole of South Africa, to receive the President's Award for outstanding service to the development of the Saddle Horse Industry of South Africa. This is the first occasion on which this award has been made. Four of their contemporaries from other provinces also received this award.

The Saddle Horse Breeders' Society of South Africa saw its inception on 23 November 1942 under an extended name incorporating other breeds of riding horses, as well as what was then known as American Saddle Horses. It is now a multimillion-dollar industry affiliated to the South African Stud Book Association and it imports hundreds of Saddle Horses from America and also exports Saddlers of world champion status to the United States. There are strong bonds between the two countries and breeders, trainers and horse judges make constant exchanges.

Citation 1942–1983

Cecily Norden took an active part in the formative years in promoting the Saddle Horse Industry in South Africa, serving on various Executive Councils and Select Working Committees from 1942 to 1983, as well as being a stud breeder and personally exhibiting riding horses country-wide in Saddle Horse, Boerperd, Arabian and Equitation classes.
She qualified as a Senior Judge of Saddle Horses, Boerperde, Palominos, Arabian horses, Welsh Ponies and Equitation, and has judged at National Breed Championships for all these breeds, as well as judging at regional shows for all breeds during the entire period 1942 to 1995.
She has the distinction of being the first woman judge to officiate at the National Saddle Horse Championships in Bloemfontein, South Africa (1968).

Specific contributions made to the development of the industry

Cecily Norden and the late W.J. van der Merwe worked together as a team, as Honorary Secretary and chairman-cum-President respectively, from 1945 until their retirement in 1983, in an unbroken series of projects over a period of forty years. The chief among these projects, in addition to judging at shows and officially inspecting horses and personally exhibiting at shows country-wide, included the following:

Division of the Breeds 1948 – 1949

One of the milestones in the development of the Horse Breeding Industry in South Africa was activated in 1948 when Cecily Norden and W.J. van der Merwe were elected as a Select Committee to organise the division of the breeds, the most important one being the Saddle Horse Breeders’ Society of South Africa.
They personally did all the research and documentation of the breeding policies, constitutions, standards of conformation, regulations and inspection procedures of the light breeds now, for the first time, divided into Saddle Horses, Boerperde, Arabians and Thoroughbred Hacks. These breeds would now be judged in separate classes in the show ring, with their own strict breed rules and regulations. This would ensure that purity of breed and breed character could be maintained and registered officially, each in its own Breed Society, under the umbrella of the mother society, the Riding Horse Breeders' Society of South Africa.
(All the Breed Meetings were held in the upper sitting room of the old Commercial Hotel in Middelburg, in clouds of cigarette smoke.)

1948–1954 Arabian Horse Breeders' Society of South Africa

Cecily Norden and W.J. van der Merwe were Secretary and Chairman of this newly formed Society, and, during these years, abundant publicity ensured that Middelburg District became the centre of Arab Horse Breeding in South Africa, home to top quality imported Arabian stallions, including the fountain-head sire, Jiddan, whose offspring, mainly mares, formed the basis of many studs due to their great prepotency.

1951 Conception of National Breed championships

W.J. van der Merwe and Cecily Norden brought into being and organised a new concept, that of National Breed Championships for light-legged horses (the first ever to be held in South Africa) – the forerunner of the present National Saddle Horse Championships of South Africa now held in Bloemfontein since 1962.

The first Championships were held each year at the Middelburg Cape Show, facilitated by the fact that Cecily Norden and W.J. van der Merwe were Secretary and Chairman of this show for twelve years, which covered this period of change.

1957–1958 Creation of two new Horse Societies

Cecily Norden and W.J. van der Merwe, as Secretary and chairman, inaugurated two new societies and instituted their committees:

 1957 Welsh Pony and Cob Society of South Africa
 1958 South African Palomino Horse Breeders' Society

These were incorporated into the Riding Horse Breeders' Society of South Africa on whose council Cecily Norden and W.J. van der Merwe served, and under whose banner the now booming Saddle Horse Breeders' Society operated. The two new societies operated under their own chairpersons and committees.

1965 Creation of the Riding Horse Judges' Association of South Africa

The next important milestone in stabilising the Saddle Horse Industry, and promoting integrity and efficiency, was the creation of the Riding Horse Judges’ Association of South Africa under the inaugural guidance of W.J. van der Merwe and Cecily Norden in 1965. They served as chairman and Secretary of this body from 1965 until their retirement in 1983.

1977 Riding Horse Stewards' Association of South Africa

This was instituted with W.J. van der Merwe and Cecily Norden as inaugural chairman and Secretary, with its own constitution, regulations, short courses and examinations, to aid the judges at agricultural Horse Shows in their tasks, and its own council, independent of the Judges' Association.

1945–1983 The Registered Saddle Horse Breeders' Society of South Africa and Rhodesia

Founded 23 November 1942, it was later to become the Riding Horse Breeders' Society of South Africa (revised constitution in 1949 and 1957) on whose council W.J. van der Merwe and Cecily Norden served, and under whose auspices they were able to institute and incorporate new divisions and concepts with the support of the Council, whose members were drawn from breeders of all affiliated horse breeds. At this period of the crucial development of the Industry, the Chairman of the Riding Horse Breeders' Society was Mr Charl van den Heever, and the Chairman of the Saddle Horse Breeders' Society was Mr Hermann de Witt of Beaufort West. The Secretaries were Ms Christine Sieberhagen and Mr Aubrey Richardson.

1950–1983 Short courses and examinations
W.J. van der Merwe and Cecily Norden, as chairman and Secretary respectively, organised annual short courses and examinations (25 written and practical papers covering all breeds, saddle seat equitation etc.) to qualify Senior and Junior Judges, and carried a large part of the lectures, and the setting and marking of the examinations. In these tasks, as well as in the organisation of regular symposiums, they were supported by a loyal committee of horse breeders, including Charl van den Heever and Aubrey Richardson and other heads of divisions.

1976 Three-Judge System
W.J. van der Merwe, Cecily Norden and Aubrey Richardson (as Tabulator) pioneered the Three-Judge System for Saddle Horses at Middelburg Cape Regional Saddle Horse Championships, which led to the Hi-Low System now in use.

Published works

1971 "Showing Horses in South Africa" First Edition by Cecily Norden

The Judges Association created such a desire for knowledge that an illustrated and instructive Rule Book was called for, and in 1971 the first book on judging horses to be published in South Africa was published.
Written by Cecily Norden, with great input from W.J. van der Merwe, and dedicated support from all the relevant committees of the Horse Breed Societies, and especially the Saddle Horse Society, which also provided the sponsorship required by the publishers. Cecily Norden marketed the edition, and the sponsorship investment was rapidly repaid as sales boomed and the edition was sold out. (Publishers: Bumley’s, Port Elizabeth)

1980 "Showing Horses in South Africa" Second Edition by Cecily Norden

The second edition of Showing Horses in South Africa Revised and Enlarged, was published by Tafelberg Publishers. This was a much more comprehensive edition.

These two books served to bring cohesion into the Saddle Horse Breeding Industry, and to stabilise judging, stewarding, exhibiting, and show organisation. They are avidly read by all horse breeders and enthusiasts and are sought after in England and by the Industry and archives in the USA.

1947–1995 Articles in Agricultural Journals
Cecily Norden published illustrated articles in the Farmers Weekly (SA), Landbou Weekblad, S.A. Saddle Horse and other Horse Journals in South Africa and overseas, on the breeding, standards of conformation, husbandry, regulation, exhibition, judging, equitation and development of Saddle Horses and other Riding Horse Breeds, all endorsed by the Riding Horse Breeders' Society of South Africa. These appeared on a regular basis, as did radio broadcasts on all divisions of horse breeding, and constant publicity articles in newspapers.

Two other lesser books were also published:

 The Judging of Saddle Horses (1970) (200 copies)
 Official Amendments – Pocket size (1975) (1000 copies)

Awards on Retirement

Memorial

W. J. (Willie) van der Merwe retired in 1983 due to increasing ill health. His personality, his integrity, his gift for inspiring enthusiasm, his discipline, wisdom, insight and clarity of thought contributed to his powerful leadership.

“I found it impossible to continue alone and also retired. When one has been pulling a wagon as a pair for almost 50 years, there is neither the incentive nor the strength to do it alone. One needs the wind beneath one's wings." Cecily Norden

W. J. Van der Merwe died in Middelburg in 1995, with Cecily Norden at his side.

In 2009 Cecily Norden lives in Port Alfred in the Eastern Cape, with her family, and has recently celebrated her 90th birthday. She writes every day, focussing mainly on fiction and children's books for her ever-increasing number of great-grandchildren.
In December 2010, at the age of 92, Cecily Norden had THE BAREFOOT DAYS, a book of short stories about life and growing up in the Karoo, published privately. It has gone into its second print.

General references
 1971 "Showing Horses in South Africa" First Edition by Cecily Norden () Printed by Bumleys Printing Works (Pty.) Ltd., Port Elizabeth
 1980 "Showing Horses in South Africa" Second Edition by Cecily Norden – Revised () Printed by Tafelberg Publishers, Cape Town

Notes
Private papers, lectures, letters, photographs and notes belonging to Cecily Norden, with permission.

External links

Obituary notice
The Bowker Children
Robert Hart II
1820 Settlers National Monument
Riding Horse Judges’ Association of South Africa
SA Show Horse Magazine
Arab Horse Society of South Africa
Diocesan School for Girls (DSG)
Tafelberg Publishers
Current Orange River Water Schemes

1918 births
2011 deaths
People from Makhanda, Eastern Cape
South African people of British descent
South African women writers
South African non-fiction writers


La Conception is a village and municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Les Laurentides Regional County Municipality.

Demographics
Population trend:
 Population in 2021: 1527 (2016 to 2021 population change: 14.2%)
 Population in 2016: 1337
 Population in 2011: 1287
 Population in 2006: 1283
 Population in 2001: 1050
 Population in 1996: 917
 Population in 1991: 695

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 743 (total dwellings: 1229)

Mother tongue:
 English as first language: 6.5%
 French as first language: 89.9%
 English and French as first language: 0.7%
 Other as first language: 2.3%

Geography
La Conception is located in the Laurentides region of Quebec, which is known for its beautiful landscapes, including mountains, forests, and lakes. It is situated near Mont-Tremblant, a popular tourist destination known for its ski resort and outdoor recreational activities.

Education

Sainte Agathe Academy (of the Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board) in Sainte-Agathe-des-Monts serves English-speaking students in this community for both elementary and secondary levels.

La Conception, being part of Quebec, follows the provincial education system of Quebec. This system includes both French-language and English-language schools.

In Quebec, primary education typically covers grades 1 to 6, while secondary education covers grades 7 to 11. These schools are generally publicly funded and administered by school boards.

References

Incorporated places in Laurentides
Municipalities in Quebec


Grimshaw Architects (formerly Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners) is an architectural firm based in London. Founded in 1980 by
Nicholas Grimshaw, the firm was one of the pioneers of high-tech architecture. In particular, they are known for their design of transport projects including Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA railway station, Waterloo International railway station and the award-winning Southern Cross railway station which was the recipient of the Royal Institute of British Architects Lubetkin Prize. Grimshaw is behind the design of the Sustainability Pavilion, an innovative net-zero building, for Expo 2020. The firm currently has offices in Los Angeles, New York, London, Paris, Dubai, Melbourne and Sydney, employing over 600 staff.

Organisation

Partners
Grimshaw has 21 partners worldwide: Jolyon Brewis, Keith Brewis, Andrew Byrne, Vincent Chang, Andrew Cortese, Nicholas Grimshaw, William Horgan, Mark Husser, Michael Janeke, Ewan Jones, Annelie Kvick Thompson, Kirsten Lees, Declan McCafferty, Neill McClements, Mark Middleton, Andrew Perez, Juan Porral, Neven Sidor, Neil Stonell, Andrew Thomas, and Andrew Whalley.

Project list
Major projects, by year of completion and ordered by type, are:

Arts and culture

Oxford Ice Rink, Oxford, UK, 1984
British Pavilion, Expo '92, Seville, Spain, 1992
Eden Project, Cornwall, UK, 2001
National Space Centre, Leicester, UK, 2001
Caixa Galicia Art Foundation, A Coruña, Spain, 2006
Thermae Bath Spa, Bath, 2006
Horno 3: Museo del Acero, Museum of Steel, Monterrey, Mexico, 2007
Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center (EMPAC), Troy, US, 2008
Mobilizarte Mobile Pavilion, Brazil, 2012
Queens Museum of Art, Queens, 2013
Phillip and Patricia Frost Museum of Science, Miami, US 2014
Shanghai Disney Resort Tomorrowland, Shanghai, China, 2016
Arter (art center) Contemporary Art Museum, Istanbul, Turkey, 2019
Sustainability Pavilion, Expo 2020 Dubai, 2020

Bridges

IJburg Bridge, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2001
Newport City footbridge, Newport, South Wales, 2006
Seafarers Bridge, Melbourne, Australia, 2008
A40 Western Avenue Footbridge, London, UK, 2009

Science and education
Eden Project: The Core, Cornwall, UK, 2005
University College London: Roberts Building Front Extension, London, UK, 2007
University College London Cancer Institute: Paul O Gorman Building, London, UK, 2007
London School of Economics: New Academic Building, London, UK, 2009
London South Bank University, London, UK, 2010
New York University Polytechnic: Rogers Hall, Brooklyn, US, 2011
Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia, 2014
Boldrewood Innovation Campus Phase 1, Southampton, UK, 2015
University of New South Wales Hilmer Building, Sydney, Australia, 2015
Bangor University Arts and Innovation Centre, Bangor, UK, 2016
Dulwich College Laboratory, London, UK, 2016
Duke University, The Richard H. Brodhead Center for Campus Life, Durham, NC, USA, 2016

Rail

International Terminal, Waterloo Station, London, UK, 1993
Paddington Station, London, UK, 1999
Southern Cross railway station, Melbourne, Australia, 2006
Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA Station, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2007
Nunawading railway station, Melbourne, Australia, 2010
Fulton Center, Manhattan, US, 2014
Reading railway station, Reading, UK, 2014
London Bridge station, London, UK, 2018
Mernda railway line Extension, Melbourne, Australia, 2018
Vaughan Metropolitan Centre (TTC) station, Vaughan, Canada, 2018
Sydney CBD and South East Light Rail, Sydney, Australia, 2019

Aviation

Heathrow Airport Terminal 1, Pier 4A, UK, 1993
Manchester Airport Terminal 3, UK, 1998
Zurich Airport, Zurich, Switzerland, 2004
Heathrow Airport Terminal 2B, UK, 2009
Pulkovo Airport, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2013
Istanbul Airport Turkey, 2019
Newark Liberty International New Terminal A, Newark, USA, 2022

Office and workplace

British Airways Operations, London, UK, 1993
RAC Regional Control Centre, Bristol, UK, 1994
Ludwig Erhaud Haus, Berlin, Germany, 1998
Orange Operational Centre and Customer Service Facilities, Darlington, UK, 1998
25 Gresham Street, London, UK, 2002
Eden Project: The Foundation, Cornwall, UK, 2002
Five Boats Houding, Duisburg, Germany, 2005
385 Bourke Street, Melbourne, Australia, 2008
The St Botolphs Building, London, UK, 2010
John Lewis & Partners Fashion Pavilion, London, UK, 2011
Highpoint Shopping Centre, Melbourne, Australia, 2013
699 Bourke Street, Melbourne, Australia, 2015
333 George Street, Sydney, Australia, 2016
YOOX Net-a-Porter Group Tech Hub, London, UK, 2017
Plexal Innovation Centre, London, UK, 2017
Belfast City Quays 2, Belfast, Northern Ireland, 2018
664 Collins Street, Melbourne, Australia, 2018
50/60 Station Road, Cambridge, UK, 2019
Olderfleet, Melbourne, Australia, 2020

Industry

Herman Miller Factory, Bath, Somerset, UK, 1976
Vitra Furniture Factory, Weil am Rhein, Germany, 1981
Herman Miller Factory, Chippenham, UK, 1982
Financial Times Printworks, London, UK, 1988
Western Morning News, Plymouth, UK, 1993
Igus Factory & Headquarters, Cologne, Germany, 2000
Donald Danforth Plant Center, St. Louis, US, 2001
Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Manufacturing Plant & Headquarters, West Sussex, UK, 2003
Suez Environnement Energy from Waste Facility, Suffolk, UK, 2014
Herman Miller (manufacturer) Portal Mill, Melksham, UK, 2015

Mixed use and housing

Sainsbury's Store & Grand Union Walk Housing, London, UK, 1988
Via Verde – The Green Way, The Bronx, US, 2012
Harbour Mill Apartments, Sydney, Australia, 2015

Awards

2019
Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Royal Gold Medal for Architecture awarded to Nicholas Grimshaw
AJ 100: Practice of the Year
AIANY + ASLANY Transportation + Infrastructure Design Excellence Awards—Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station
SCUP Outstanding Achievement in Integrated Planning and Design—Duke University Brodhead Center

2018
SCUP Excellence in Landscape Architecture (General Design)—Duke University Brodhead Center
World Architecture Festival 'Transport- Completed Buildings' Category Winner—London Bridge station Redevelopment
British Constructional Steelwork Association's Structural Steel Design Award—London Bridge station Redevelopment
British Construction Industry Awards (BCIA), Transport Project of the Year, ICE200 Award—London Bridge station Redevelopment
British Transport Awards, Station of the Year— London Bridge station Redevelopment
City of Sydney Lord Mayor's Prize, NSW AIA Awards, Commendation—333 George Street
NSW AIA Award, Commendation—333 George Street Interior fit-out
Chicago Athenaeum Award—333 George Street
Design Impact Awards, Australian Interior Design Awards—Highpoint Shopping Centre
AJ 100: International Practice of the Year
New London Awards, Overall Prize—London Bridge station Redevelopment
New London Awards, Transport and Infrastructure—London Bridge station Redevelopment
New London Awards, Sustainability Prize—London Bridge station Redevelopment
RSAW Welsh Architecture Awards—Bangor University, Arts and Innovation Centre

2017
Civic Trust Awards– SUEZ Energy-from-Waste
Civic Trust Awards– Southampton Boldrewood Phase 1
RIBA National Award– The Laboratory, Dulwich College
ICE 'Greatest Contribution to London'– London Bridge station Redevelopment
AJ Retrofit Awards International Retrofit Project– Duke University Brodhead Center
ENR Southeast Best Cultural Project– Phillip and Patricia Frost Museum of Science
ENR Southeast Higher Education/Research Award of Merit– Duke University Brodhead Center

2016
Commonwealth Institute of Architects; Robert Matthew Awards
AJ 100: International Practice of the Year

2015
 AIA New York COTE Award – Via Verde (designed with Dattner Architects)
AIA New York: Medal of Honor
AJ 120: Project of the Year—Fulton Center
BCI Award: International Project of the Year—Fulton Center

2014
MASterworks Award: Best Adaptive Reuse—Queens Museum

2013
Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) International Award— Via Verde
2013 AIA Housing and Urban Development Secretary's Award— Via Verde
AIA New York State Award of Excellence— Via Verde

2012
Carbuncle Cup – Building Design Awards

2009
AIA Honor Award – Horno 3: Museo Del Acero

2008
Architectural Practice of the Year – Building Design Awards
World Architect of the Year – Building Design Awards
Transport Architect of the Year – Building Design Awards
2008 RIBA European Award – Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA Station
Royal Institute of Dutch Architects – Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA Station
Stirling Prize Runner up – Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA Station

2007
Lubetkin Prize – Southern Cross Station, Melbourne, Australia
2007 RIBA International Award – Southern Cross Station, Melbourne, Australia

Controversy
In October 2019, UK publications Construction News and Architects' Journal published a joint investigation into fatalities at Istanbul Airport - nicknamed by workers "the cemetery" as so many have died. By this point, the official death toll was 55, but unofficial estimates suggested the figure could "be higher than 400". Grimshaw was one of four architects employed on the airport's design, three of them UK-based (the other two were Scott Brownrigg and Haptic Architects). As concept architects, Grimshaw ceased working on the project before the construction phase, and voiced shock and sadness about what it described as the "alarmingly high number" of subsequent deaths.

Exhibitions
Grimshaw's first exhibition titled Product + Process debuted in 1988.  The firm has since produced four exhibitions: Structure Space + Skin (1993), Fusion  (1998), Equilibrium (2000), and Micro to Macro: Grimshaw in New York  (2007).  The latest exhibition, Equation: Design Inspired by Nature, launched on Wednesday, 20 February 2013 at The Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) Centre in Singapore. Equation explores a series of themes that investigate biomimicry, biophilia and ecosystems and their influence on design.

Publications
Grimshaw Architecture: The First Thirty Years
Blue 02: Systems and Structure
Blue 01: Water, Energy and Waste
The Sketchbooks of Nicholas Grimshaw
The Making of Station Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA
The Architecture of Eden
Equilibrium
Grimshaw: Architecture, Industry and Innovation
Structure, Space and Skin: The Work of Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners
British Pavilion Seville Exposition

See also
Nicholas Grimshaw buildings and structures
List of architecture firms
List of architects

References

Notes

External links
Grimshaw Architects web site

Architecture firms based in London
Design companies established in 1984
1984 establishments in England


Salmo ezenami is a critically endangered freshwater salmonid fish, endemic to Lake Kezenoi-Am (Lake Eizenam) in Northern Caucasus.

The only natural habitat where this species occurs is in Lake Kezenoi-Am in Chechnya at the border of Dagestan.This lake is situated in a cold alpine lake (area 2.4 km2, maximum depth 74 m, 1870 m altitude). In addition, the species has been introduced to another lake in Dagestan, Lake Mochokh, probably successfully.

Salmo ezenami used to be the only fish species in Lake Kezenoi-Am. However, two other species, the European chub and Caspian gudgeon have been introduced, and present a threat by eating the fry of Salmo.

Salmo ezenami spawns in the lake, close to underwater springs. Adult fish also probably migrate to tributaries. There are separate small-sized (adults 160–260 mm) and large-sized forms (380–1130 mm). Young prey on gammarids and chironomids; adults also eat molluscs and fishes, after the introduction of nonnative species.

References

ezenami
Taxa named by Lev Berg
Fish described in 1948
Endemic fauna of Russia


San Carlos High School was a high school operated by the Sequoia Union High School District in San Carlos, California, United States, from 1960 until 1982. Originally founded due to increasing enrollment across Belmont, San Carlos, and Redwood City, by 1982, the high school suffered from low enrollment due to racial protests between local students and students bused in from East Palo Alto, which led the district to close the site. The campus was demolished in 1988, and is today the site of Highlands Park and a subdivision of luxury homes in the San Carlos hills.

History
In the late 1950s, Carlmont High School and Sequoia High School were nearing capacity, even with the recent construction of Woodside High School and Ravenswood High School. To accommodate increasing student numbers in San Carlos and Redwood City, the Sequoia Union High School District developed plans to build a 41-acre campus in the western hills of San Carlos, on lands that formerly belonged to the John Brittan Estate. Geographically, the school drew students from subdivisions in western Redwood City, along with neighborhoods in San Carlos east of Devonshire Boulevard and south of San Carlos Avenue in San Carlos. It was the fourth high school built by the Sequoia Union High School District within a decade.

The acreage for the site cost the district $353,629 and the preparation of the land, mainly grading, cost $699,825. Construction of the first phase of the school was $1,754,000 for a total of $2,483,000. Buildings were designed by San Carlos resident and architect Delp Johnson, who pioneered a radial design of the school, with wings spreading out from a central assembly court that was capable of hosting up to 3,500 people. Johnson also designed several pod-like buildings at Central Middle School, also in San Carlos, with a similar design by the end of the decade. The general contractor for the San Carlos High School project were Williams & Burrows, of Belmont. The school featured a baseball diamond, football field, hockey field, five tennis courts located at the end of Heather Drive, basketball courts, a 40' x 75' swimming pool open to the public during the summer, and a gymnasium. Mr. Philip Maslin was the first principal.

As more and more students grew up with a separation between Carlmont High School, which had formerly enrolled nearly all San Carlos students, and San Carlos High School, a sports rivalry developed between the schools, especially in basketball and track and field. Within the first semester, the student body was tasked with voting for a team name. Among the choices accepted by the faculty, including the Hurricanes, Comets, Falcons, Cardinals, and Dons, the Dons won by eight votes. A Don is a Spanish landowner from the 19th century.

Student Tension
Particularly due to San Carlos' proximity to San Francisco, which had prompted social activism stemming from the Summer of Love, San Carlos High School experienced changes in the early 1970s. In the 1969–1970 school year, students participated in moratoriums, electing to stay home from school every 15th of the month, allegedly in protest of the Vietnam War. Several years later, the Supreme Court ruled on the use of busing to achieve racial integration at schools, bringing change to the student makeup at San Carlos High School, which, due to the composition of San Carlos residents, had been significantly white. Beginning in 1970, 125 African-American students from East Palo Alto were bused into San Carlos, a number that increased each year.

By the mid-1970s, the district was facing declining enrollment, forcing it to close one of its schools. After the district decided to close Ravenswood High School in East Palo Alto, which was heavily African American, 300 students were bused from various neighborhoods in East Palo Alto. Often, bus routes departed these neighborhoods at 6 a.m. to arrive in San Carlos before the start of school. Despite training for teachers on how to accommodate new students, the integration contributed to tension among students and sent shock waves throughout the San Carlos community. In 1976 and 1977, this tension escalated into continual fights between students, leading to police presence on campus and frequent intervention:"I have vivid memories of the riots. The school was built like a big wagon wheel, like a half circle with a big area in the middle where people could hang out and do activities. One of the activities in the school was called a 'Slave Auction.' Well, we should have thought ahead of time that this term might not be a very polite way to put it, as far as getting along with new people from East Palo Alto. A fight broke out. And eventually, there were a lot of policemen on campus with guns and dogs, and riot gear, and tear gas. But I never saw anyone get shot. I can recall grabbing some kid in a bear huge and hauling him off to the office. There were no real serious injuries, but it was pretty obvious that what we were doing wasn't working real well." — Bill Hayes, teacher at San Carlos High School from 1965 to 1982, as narrated in Linda Wickert Garvey's San Carlos Stories: An Oral History of the City of Good LivingIn response, parents and community members began serving as volunteer patrols during the school day, intending to reduce violence and create an environment where students could learn once again. The administration created an annual Diversity Fair with dancers and singers from various cultures, intending to create understanding across different student groups. In succeeding years, the racial tension decreased, allowing space for schoolwide traditions such as the Nude Relay Races. Newspaper articles reported attendance of up to 1,500 students at the annual events, held in the undeveloped hills of San Carlos, the Baylands, and Redwood Shores.

Closure
Despite the closure of Ravenswood High School in 1976, the Sequoia Union High School District, like many other high school districts across the Bay Area, continued to suffer from declining enrollment. San Carlos High School's enrollment, specifically, decreased from its peak of 2,500 in the late 1960s to 1,500 by 1982. After several months of planning and research, on December 15, 1981, District Superintendent Harry Reynolds announced his recommendation to close San Carlos High School.
Expectations for which school closure had been mixed in the community, although most expected nearby Sequoia High School or Woodside High School because the centrally-located lands were likely more valuable. Reynolds later explained that the considerable distance between East Palo Alto and San Carlos; the school's location on the top of a steep hill that made access difficult; and the less-frequent usage of school grounds by the community compared to other schools contributed to the decision. Other school trustees at the time also noted that the city of Belmont, home to Carlmont High School, had placed a moratorium that prevented the district from putting the land on the market, and that Sequoia, as the founding school of the district, was too historic to close.

The closure of the school was met with significant disapproval from residents and community members, who argued that it was shortsighted to close a 22-year-old school, especially with historic fluctuations in student enrollment. Local newspaper reports from the time described it as one of the "most negative events of the decade," alongside the City of San Carlos' approval of development along Crestview Drive for the first time.

Following the closure of the high school, school boundaries were redrawn, sending approximately 60 percent of San Carlos students to Sequoia High School, and the remaining 40 percent to Carlmont High School. At the time, Sequoia suffered from a negative public perception, particularly due to a significant majority of low-income minority students at the school, historically low test scores, and the appearance of poverty, gangs, and violence. As a result, a local survey documented that, annually, upwards of 40 percent of graduating eighth graders in San Carlos enrolled in private high schools rather than attending Sequoia. Although some realtors and neighborhood listings note that this perception still lingers today, since the early 2000s, Sequoia has undergone efforts to revitalize its image. This was largely due to redistricting that brought more higher-income families to Sequoia and the introduction of the advanced IB curriculum to the school. Today, most students at Central Middle School in San Carlos attend Sequoia, and students at Tierra Linda Middle School attend Carlmont.

Sale of land and demolition
Following the decision to close the school, the Sequoia Union High School District began negotiations with the City of San Carlos for the sale of the land. The district initially offered the land for $11 million, a value that the city quickly dismissed. However, the district realized that, if it could not negotiate with the city, the decision would be put to a vote by San Carlos residents, who were upset with the district and would likely force the land to be sold for very little. Negotiations continued between the district, the city, and property developers for six years. In 1988, the district lowered its price to $5 million, a figure to which the City Council agreed. Within several weeks, the high school was demolished, replaced with 86 homes, currently valued at about $2 million each, and Highlands Park, an 18.9-acre park with large playing fields for soccer, three baseball fields, and lighted tennis courts.

In July 2013, in honor of their 51st anniversary, the Class of 1962 unveiled a bronze plaque adjacent to Highlands Park to honor the former school. Beyond this plaque, the only remnant of the high school is a set of concrete bleachers atop the upper Stadium field at Highlands Park. In 2014, the Sequoia Union High School District, now facing increasing enrollment, began exploring plans to develop San Carlos' Laureola Park into a small magnet high school. Residents and the community rallied around a campaign to save the park from development, which led the district to move on from the site. Ultimately, the district selected a site in Menlo Park for the specialized, technology-focused school, which opened in 2019 as TIDE Academy.

Notable alumni

Kathryn Bigelow (attended but did not graduate), Academy Award-winning director and writer of The Hurt Locker (2010)
Keith Comstock (graduated 1973), former MLB player and professional baseball coach
Jennifer Granholm (graduated 1977); politician, governor of Michigan, 16th United States Secretary of Energy
James Lay (graduated 1982),: Writer Director, Sound Designer for Brad Pitt.
web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0493468/
Mike McCurry (attended 1969–1971); former press secretary in Bill Clinton's administration
James Oseland (attended 1977–1979); author, editor and television personality
Greg Proops (graduated 1977), comedian
Mark Ulriksen (graduated 1976), painter and magazine illustrator
Rex J. Walheim (graduated 1980); NASA astronaut on three Space Shuttle missions, STS-110, STS-122 and the final one, STS-135

See also
List of closed secondary schools in California
Sequoia Union High School District

References

External links

 Class of 1965 Alumni Website
 Class of 1966 Alumni Website
 Alumni photo album of demolition and Highlands Park neighborhood development

Defunct schools in California
Educational institutions established in 1960
High schools in San Mateo County, California
Educational institutions disestablished in 1982
1960 establishments in California
1982 disestablishments in California
Buildings and structures demolished in 1988


"Side by Side" Lesbian and Gay International Film Festival («Bok o Bok», ) is an international film festival that seeks to explore the issues of homosexuality, bisexuality and transgender (LGBT) through art cinema. Since 2008 it has taken place every autumn in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In addition, various special events are held almost every month, and since 2009 film showings and discussions have also been conducted in other parts of Russia.

Concept
The Side by Side film festival aims to establish an open cultural space in which Russian society and the LGBT community can enter into a broad discussion and generate a positive dialogue, thus contributing to the struggle against discrimination based on sex, gender identity and sexual orientation. In addition, the festival offers a space where homosexual and transgender persons can feel comfortable with themselves and affirm, question and extend their identities. The slogan of the film forum is "Different love, equal rights".

The film festival was founded by Manny de Guerre. The Side by Side festival staff are Manny de Guerre, Gulya Sultanova and Tanya Shmankevich.

The festival program consists of three main sections, all of them with corresponding awards: feature, documentary and short film. Films are selected from the previous season's film forums and through application process. The non-competition program includes a variety of events: unique retrospective screenings, exhibitions, photo competitions, book presentations, concerts, workshops etc. The screenings are usually followed by a discussion or lecture to reflect issues raised by the film and to discuss how they are projected in contemporary Russian society. Every event hosts special guests, well-known international and Russian experts in the field of art, sociology, psychology or human rights. They form a jury which selects the award winners in all three categories. The festival visitors can also vote for their own favorite for the Audience Award.

The film festival actively seeks to attract volunteers during events. Over the years the film festival has been supported by the Berlin International Film Festival’s Teddy Award, Kiev International Film Festival Molodist, Goethe-Institut, the Danish Cultural Institute, the Swedish Film Institute, Heinrich Böll Foundation, Time Out journal, among others.

Background
Having begun in the late 1980s, the Russian gay and lesbian rights movement came to very little by mid-1990s. By the 21st century, neither a human rights movement nor an LGBT community as a group of people, united by common values and conscious of the shared cultural and historical fate, had been formed. Started in 2006, the Gay Pride Movement strengthened the disagreements between different LGBT groups and with society at large. Moreover, it did not pursue the goal of establishing a cultural space.

At that time LGBT culture was developing fast in the West, also in the area of art cinema. In 1977, the first LGBT film festival Frameline was held in San Francisco. Ten years later in 1987, a special LGBT film award was created at the Berlin International Film Festival. Over time, LGBT film forums have become an integral part of cultural life in  Western societies. A great number of festivals, visited by thousands of people, run every year, and the most prestigious of them have their own gay award.

Side by Side Film Festival emerged, on the one hand, in the wake of the worldwide traditions, and on the other, as a response to the urgent needs of the Russian LGBT community. The organizers strived to create an open cultural space for the self-development and  reflection of the LGBT community while at the same time exposing the problems of the LGBT community known to the general public by building a positive dialogue between the minority and the majority, deconstructing myths and stereotypes, helping to change the public opinion and develop understanding, acceptance and tolerance. According to the organizers this is one of the ways to overcome hate, discrimination and violence towards LGBT people.

1st Side by Side LGBT Film Festival (2008)

The idea of running a film festival in Saint Petersburg first came up in a meeting between Manny de Guerre and Irina Sergeyeva in the summer of 2007. A wide resonance and heated discussions arose in society as the plan of organizing the festival was announced publicly at the end of December.

Director Alexandr Sokurov, rock musician Svetlana Surganova, sociologist Igor Kon, poet Marina Chen, actor Anatoliy Ravikovich, human rights defender Sergey Grigoryants, politician Valeriya Novodvorskaya, British novelist Sarah Waters, British human rights defender Peter Tatchell, Israeli producer Eytan Fox, Israeli producer Gal Uchovsky, American producer John Cameron Mitchell, and LGBT-activist Nikolay Alexeyev gave their support to the film festival. Berlin International Film Festival, NewFest:  New York Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Film Festival, and Kyiv International Film Festival Molodist officially supported «Side by Side» Film Festival.

Representatives of The International Association of Cinematographers of Slavic and Orthodox People, actors Nikolai Burlyayev and Mikhail Porechenkov, producer Mark Rudinshtein, artist Oleg Basilashvili, director Yevgeniy Tatarskiy, head of the press service of the Russian Orthodox Church Mikhail Moiseyev, and the head of the city committee for culture Nikolay Burov were against the film festival.

In February 2008, Dom Kino cinema, the planned venue for the screenings, terminated the preliminary agreement with the festival organizers due to "building repairs". However, as it turned out later, the movie hall was never closed during the period. In September 2008, already after the beginning of ticket sale, PIK cinema under pressure from authorities terminated the contract without explanations. At the same time the police were conducting spot-checks at Bunker and Central Station gay clubs, during which the visitors were insulted, humiliated, and blackmailed. In October 2008, the new venues that had been found (clubs Sochi and The Palace) were closed on the eve of the festival for two weeks by fire inspections. However, right after refusing to host the event they were allowed to carry on working.

After these events, civil youth movements Oborona and LGBT-organization Coming Out sent an open letter to the governor of Saint Petersburg Valentina Matviyenko demanding that she comment on the situation. Famous St. Petersburg artists Gljuklja and Caplja also expressed their support. After hearing about the closure of the festival, they changed their programme at Dom Kino and screened a film about transgender boys Komnata Viki i Zheni. Furthermore, referring to the German reformer Martin Luther, a student group performed an action called Reformation at the Committee for Culture of Saint Petersburg.

As a result, the film festival took place ‘underground’ in a secret venue from 4 to 5 October 2008. In the course of two days art and documentary films were screened, including a panorama of Berlin International Film Festival short movie award winners.  The screenings were followed by discussions in which the festival guests director John Cameron Mitchell, Rodney Swell, Maxim Zirin, representatives of the Berlin International Film Festival's Teddy Award Klaus Ascheneller and New Fest Director Basil Tsiokos, and Russian transgender Julietta among others participated. In addition, there was a photo competition (Love in pink and blue measurement), Lida Mikhailovaya's photo project:  "I am lesbian. Do people around me know about it?" and Alexander Nizovskiy's "Drag Queens Show."

The competition program consisted of eight feature, eight documentary and twenty-three short films, including Oscar, Cannes Film Festival and Berlin International Film Festival award winners. Among them there was one Russian documentary tape and one Kazakhstan short film.

Jury

Klaus Mabel Aschenneller  – producer of the annual premium «Teddy Award» within the framework of the Berlin International Film Festival.
Svetlana Surganova – famous Russian rock musician, founder of «Nochniye Snaiperi» and «Surganova and Orchestra»
Basil Tsiokos – artistic director of the New York Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Film Festival, a member of the International Jury of the Berlin International Film Festival.

Awards
 The best feature film – XXY by director Lucía Puenzo, Argentina 2007.
 The best documentary film – Anyone and Everyone by director Susan Polis Schutz, USA 2007.
 The best short-footage film – No Bikini by director Claudia Morgado Escanilla, Canada 2007.
 Audience Award – Another's Body by director Maxim Zirin, Russia 2008.

Following events
Furthermore, the film program was shown at various venues in the city as well as presented in several film festivals: Kiev International Film Festival Molodist, Open Your Eyes Film Festival Against Xenophobia and Racism, Festival of Festivals International Film Festival in St. Petersburg, and German Week in Saint Petersburg.  Organizer Manny de Guerre was invited to the 59th Berlin International Film Festival as a member of the Teddy Award jury.  In September 2009, Gyulnara Sultanova together with the representative for the Russian LGBT Network Igor Kochetkov had a meeting with Igor Mikhailov, Human Rights Ombudsman in Saint Petersburg who granted his support for them.

In addition, educational brochures about coming out (How to tell? and How to understand?) and "Parenthood. Transgender. Religion" were released.  In summer, 2009 Side by Side was invited to participate in Festival of Festivals. Under pressure, the administration of cinema Rodina refused to conduct the screening. However, the cinema Dom Kino accepted to show the film with the condition that the LGBT film festival would not be mentioned.

2nd Side by Side LGBT Film Festival (2009)
The second film festival ran from 23 to 31 October 2009. Unlike the year before, it did not provoke such a strong reaction in society, and the screenings took place in public venues. The organizers had sought support from Western consulates and cultural centers to ensure the film festival would not be disrupted. According to the organizers, the festival was visited by more than two thousand people. Besides the film screenings, several roundtable discussions were organized on various issues: human rights and discrimination, the history of the LGBT-community, coming out, same-sex marriage, children with same-sex parents, problems of elderly LGBT people, transgender myths and reality, masculinity in contemporary society, religion and sexuality, among others. Sociologist Igor Kon, psychotherapist Dmitriy Isaev, LGBT activist Igor Kochetkov, artist Ivan Chechot, German activist Mahide Lein, HIV activist Nikolai Panchenko, poet-performer Olga Krauze, human rights defenders Alexander Vinnikov, Vladimir Shnitke, Maxim Ivanozov, and Nina Tagankina, among others.

However, the event did not pass without incidents. Before the presentation of the book Malchik — otets muzhchiny by Igor Kon, correspondents of NTV and a group of nationalists led by Roman Zentsov showed up in the hall where a discussion was to take place. The festival organizers accused the NTV correspondents of an attempt to create a scandal.

Outside the competition program  a retrospective of German cinema from the Weimar Republic was shown: Different from the Others - the first gay movie in the history of cinema, Mädchen in Uniform – the first movie to touch the theme of female homosexuality, and cult film Michael. The film forum was closed with a concert by Ulyana Angelevskaya.

Due to the disruption of the previous year's festival, the 2008 program was partly repeated in 2009. In total, four feature, six documentary and twelve short films were shown.

Jury

 Igor Kon – famous Russian sociologist and philosopher
 Tamara Larina – artistic director of International Short Film and Animation Festival Open Cinema
 Nina Tagankina – human rights defender, executive director of Moscow Helsinki Group
 Sergey Baidak – project leader of Inoekino

Awards
Due to the partial repetition of the previous year's program, the award system was reorganized:
 The best social film – Freeheld, directed by Cynthia Wade, USA 2007
 The best educational film – I Am Gay, directed by Nicolas Kolovos, Sweden 2008
 The best film about human value – Georgie Girl, directed by Annie Goldson and Peter Wells, New Zealand 2001
 The audience award – Mädchen in Uniform, directed by Leontine Sagan, Germany 1931

Following events

The International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival Side by Side received an award at the Berlin International Film Festival for the contribution to the development of LGBT movement in Russia, a few weeks before director Gulya Sultanova became a member of the jury at the Berlinale's Teddy Award. In spring 2010, Side by Side Film Festival also took part in the International Film Festival Against Racism and Xenophobia "Open Your Eyes!" With the film Georgie Girl. The screening was a major success.

In April 2010, Stephen Fry’s film HIV & Me was shown as part of the Week Against Homophobia. The actor also made an appeal to the Russian public.  That same month, Side by Side International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival travelled outside the city, to Kemerovo and Novosibirsk. In Novosibirsk the festival ran from 15 to 18 April with the support of the Department for Culture of Novosibirsk Oblast and the Goethe-Institut.  It attracted a great deal of spectators and media attention, and the events gathered around 700 visitors. In Kemerovo the film screenings were to take place from the 17th to 19 April in two official city cinemas. To begin with the city administration supported the festival but changed its position fundamentally one day before the festival opening. As a result, both cinemas refused to rent out their halls but the festival took nevertheless place in private venues.

"According to the 5th clause of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights everyone has a right to run and visit a cultural event. We realized this right in Novosibirsk — and it was a bright and successful event in the cultural and public life of the capital of Siberia. We met discrimination in Kemerovo. However, we shall continue our work to realize our rights." The founder of the film festival Manny de Guerre.

In July, a festival was planned in Arkhangelsk with support of the local LGBT organization Rakurs. However, because of religious and nationalist groups’ pressure on local authorities, it took place at an undisclosed venue.

The screening of the film Cut Homophobia took place on 18 September 2010 as part of the 2nd International Queer Culture Festival. It was followed by discussion under the topic "Injustice. Lawlessness. Discrimination. Are Russia Artists Concerned with these Issues?"

3rd Side by Side LGBT Film Festival (2010)

The festival was planned to run from the 15th to 23 October in 2010 and it was supported by Spanish director Pedro Almodóvar, American screenwriter and director Gus Van Sant, British director Ken Loach, British actor, director and writer Stephen Fry, Russian actor and artist Sergei Bugaev (Afrika), and film critic Mikhail Trofimenkov. Later on they were joined by British actor Ian McKellen, Commissioner for Human Rights at the Council of Europe Thomas Hammarberg, British writer and director Mike Leigh, singer Marc Almond, and American director Bruce LaBruce.

In 2010 the film festival passed without incidents in public venues. For the first time animations were included in the program. An exhibition of LGBT film festival posters from Europe, Asia, the Americas and Africa was also held, in order to visually show the history of the development of such festivals. The non-competition program under the name of "Love Behind the Iron Curtain" presented vintage films shot in the countries from the former Eastern Bloc: the Hungarian film Another way from 1982 by Károly Makk; Westler, a film from West Germany by Wieland Speck; and Coming out by Heiner Carow, which was the first and last gay film produced in the German Democratic Republic as it was released only a few hours before the Berlin Wall fell.

The festival was visited by special guests: Swedish animator Lasse Persson, German actor Matthias Freihof, Israeli director Tomer Heymann, Danish directors Iben Haar Andersen and Minna Gross, Turkish transgender activist, heroine of the movie Me and Nuri Bula, transsexual Esmeray, Russian director Dmitriy Gribanov, and film critic Oleg Kovalov. Roundtable discussions were held about children in same-sex families, transgender rights in Russia and Turkey, homophobia in society, movement for LGBT rights in Russia and the world, among others.

This year the film festival found a visual embodiment for its award called BoBik (an analogue of the Berlin bear Teddy and the Venetian Queer Lion). The prototype of Bobik was festival founder Manny de Guerre's dog. The name comes from the abbreviation for the festival "Bok o Bok" ("Side by Side" in Russian).

The competition program consisted of four features including one Russian, four documentaries and fourteen short films. For the first time, there was also an animation section presented with twelve films.

Jury

 Gljuklja (Natalya Pershina-Yakimanskaya) – artist, director, scriptwriter from Saint Petersburg
 Serge Golovach – artist, photographer and public figure from Moscow*
 Dmitriy Dubrokskiy – human rights defender and civic activist, teacher at Saint Petersburg State University and Smolny College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
 Antoine Cattin – film-documentalist, editor of Hors-Champ film journal. Known in Russia for his co-work with Pavel Kostomapov

Awards
 The best feature film – My Friend from Faro, directed by Nana Neul, Germany 2008
 The best documentary – I shot my love, directed by Tomer Heymann Israel / Germany 2010
 The best short film – Hammerhead, directed by Samuel Donovan, United Kingdom 2009
 The best animation – Hand in Hand, directed by Lasse Persson, Sweden 1996
 The audience award – Hello, My Name Is Lesbian, directed by Iben Haahr Andersen & Minna Gross, Denmark 2009

Following events
In December 2010, Side by Side showed the film Freeheld as part of the Film Festival 32 May, which displeased some authorities of the Saint Petersburg administration.

At the end of March 2009, the film forum planned to participate Open Your Eyes Film Festival with the film Prayers for Bobby. However, the city cinema halls Dom Kino and Rodina refused to conduct the screenings "on ideological grounds" and after pressure from the prosecutor broke the rental contract with the Mikhail Chemyakin Foundation. As part of the German Week, a photo exhibition and screening took place.

This year a series of screenings was successfully completed in Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, in February on the issue of coming out and in April as part of the Week Against Homophobia. In May the film festival showed its program of 2010 in open venues and unlike the year before, this time the event passed without incidents.

A tour to Tomsk was planned for June 2011 but on the opening day the venues refused to conduct the screenings under pressure from local administration, as a result of which the film forum was moved to other venues.

4th Side by Side LGBT Film Festival (2011)

Jury

Awards
 Best Feature:  (Benjamin Cantu, Germany, 2011)
 Best Documentary:  Regretters (Marcus Lindeen, Sweden, 2010)
 Best Short Film:  Mind (Emma Crimmings, Аustralia, 2011)
 Special Jury Prize: Generations (Barbara Hammer & Gina Carducci, USA, 2011)
 Audience Prize:  Patrik 1.5 (Ella Lemhagen, Sweden, 2008)

5th Side by Side LGBT film festival (2012)

Awards
 Best Feature: Beauty (Oliver Hermanus, South Africa, France, Germany, 2011)
 Best Documentary:  Call Me Kuchu (Malika Zouhali-Worrall & Katherine Fairfax Wright, USA, Uganda, 2012)
 Best Short Film:  La Douche (The Shower) (Maria José San Martín, Chile, 2011)
 Audience Prize:  Codebreaker (Clare Beaven, UK, 2011)

6th Side by Side LGBT film festival (2013)

Awards

 The best feature film – Blue is the Warmest Colour, directed by Abdellatif Kechiche, France 2013
 The best documentary – Valentine Road, directed by Marta Cunningham, USA 2013
 The best short film –  Undress Me (Victor Lindgren, Sweden, 2013)
 The audience award – Matterhorn (Diederik Ebbinge, Netherlands, 2013)

7th Side by Side LGBT film festival (2014)

Awards
 The best feature film – Julia, directed by Jackie J. Deier, Germany
 The best documentary – Something Must Break, Sweden
 The best short film – Who are They?, directed by Olga Privolnova, Russia
 The audience award – Matt Shepard is a Friend of Mine, USA

8th Side by Side LGBT film festival (2015)

Awards
 The best feature film – The Chambermaid Lynn, directed by Ingo Haeb, Germany, 2014
 The best documentary – Sounds from the Fog, directed by Klaus Stanjek, Austria, Germany and Czech Republic, 2013
 The best short film – I'm Black, I'm Queer and I am a Whore (Hugo Meijer & Cas van der Pas, Colombia, Netherlands, 2012)
 The audience award – The Mask You Live In (Jennifer Siebel Newsom, USA, 2015)

9th Side by Side LGBT film festival (2016)

Awards
 The best feature film – Arianna, directed by Carlo Lavagna, Italy 2015
 The best documentary – Who's Gonna Love Me Now?, directed by Barak and Tomer Heymann, Israel-Britain 2016
 The best short film – Partners, directed by Joey Ally, USA, 2016
 The audience award – Angry Indian Goddesses directed by Pan Nalin, India, Germany, 2015

See also
List of LGBT film festivals

References

External links

 International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival «Side by Side»

Film festivals in Russia
Culture in Saint Petersburg
LGBT events in Russia
LGBT film festivals
LGBT culture in Russia
LGBT organizations in Russia
Festivals in Saint Petersburg
LGBT festivals in Europe