Frederic William Howay  (November 25, 1867 – October 4, 1943), also spelled Frederick, was a Canadian historian, lawyer, and jurist.

Biography
Born in London, Ontario, Howay moved to British Columbia as a child. After attending school in New Westminster, Howay wrote his Provincial Teachers' exam in 1884 in Victoria, British Columbia. He spent three years teaching at schools in Canoe Pass and Boundary Bay. In 1887, he studied law at Dalhousie University and received a Bachelor of Law degree in 1890. He was called to the British Columbia bar in 1891. In 1907, he was appointed a Judge of County Court of New Westminster. He retired in 1937.

In 1933, he was awarded the Royal Society of Canada's J. B. Tyrrell Historical Medal. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, the Royal Geographical Society and the Royal Historical Society. In 1932, he was elected to the American Antiquarian Society. From 1922 to 1926, he was president of the British Columbia Historical Federation. From 1941 to 1942, he was president of the Royal Society of Canada. He also served as a member of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada, briefly serving as its interim chairman.

In 1933, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of British Columbia. Mount Judge Howay, north of Stave Lake, is named in his honour.

He died in 1943 in New Westminster, British Columbia.

Selected works
 British Columbia from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol 1 with Ethelbert Olaf Stuart Scholefield (S.J. Clarke, 1913)
 British Columbia from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol 2 with Ethelbert Olaf Stuart Scholefield (S.J. Clarke, 1913)
  British Columbia from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol 3 (Biographical) with Ethelbert Olaf Stuart Scholefield (S.J. Clarke, 1913)
 British Columbia from the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol 4 (Biographical) with Ethelbert Olaf Stuart Scholefield (S.J. Clarke, 1913)
 The Early History of the Fraser River Mines (C.F. Banfield, 1926)
 British Columbia: The Making of a Province (The Ryerson press, 1928)
 Builders of the West: A Book of Heroes (Ryerson Press, 1929)
 The Hawaiian Islands with Frank Alfred Golder and George Verne Blue (Captain Cook Sesquicentennial Commission, 1930)
 The voyage of the New Hazard to the Northwest coast, Hawaii and China, 1810-1813 with Stephen Reynolds (Peabody museum, 1938)
 British Columbia and the United States with Henry Forbes Angus and Walter Noble Sage(The Ryerson Press, 1942)
 The journal of Captain James Colnett aboard the Argonaut from April 26, 1789 to Nov. 3, 1791 (The Champlain Society, 1940)
 The Dixon-Meares Controversy (Da Capo Press, New York, N.Y. 1969)
 Early shipping in Burrand Inlet, 1863-1870 (s.n., s.l. 1937)

References

1867 births
1943 deaths
Judges in British Columbia
Lawyers in British Columbia
20th-century Canadian historians
Canadian male non-fiction writers
Dalhousie University alumni
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Writers from London, Ontario
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Fellows of the Royal Historical Society
Presidents of the Canadian Historical Association


Shelterwood cutting is the progression of forest cuttings leading to the establishment of a new generation of seedlings of a particular species or group of species without planting. This silvicultural system is normally implemented in forests that are considered mature, often after several  thinnings. The desired species are usually long-lived and their seedlings would naturally tend to start under  partial shade. The shelterwood system gives enough light for the desired species to establish without giving enough light for the weeds that are adapted to full sun. Once the desired species is established, subsequent cuttings give the new seedlings more light and the growing space is fully passed to the new generation.

What separates shelterwood cuttings from other regeneration systems, such as clearcutting or seed tree, is that the new seedlings are established before the mature trees are fully (or mostly) removed. This gives the forester more control over the species that are regenerated, and is more forgiving if the first regeneration effort fails. All mature trees may be removed, creating a young even-aged forest, or a considerable number of reserves may be kept to provide a two-aged structure. Small woodlot owners often prefer this method for the control it gives and also because the income from the harvest is spread out over a decade or more.

Shelterwood systems may include preparatory cuttings, establishment cuttings, and one or more overstory removal cuttings:

Preparatory cuttings are sometimes, but not always, the first step in a shelterwood regeneration system. The purpose of this cut is to remove species that are not desired so that they do not contribute seeds to the establishment cut. If this is not a problem, the preparatory cut is not necessary. When discussing desired and undesired tree species, foresters are combining their knowledge of the landowner's preferences with their education in the ecology of the trees in their area. A landowner may prefer oaks because they produce acorns that feed wildlife, or may prefer one species over another because it has a longer lifespan and tends to occur in mature forests. Most species can be desired in one place and undesired in another depending on the landowner's goals.

Establishment cutting aims to establish the regeneration, and is done in a year when the seed crop is good. The intention is to provide a certain amount of light that is necessary for new seedlings to start, but not necessarily grow freely. In many cases the mineral soil is intentionally exposed, encouraging germination by providing a moister seedbed than the leaves and needles that normally cover the forest floor. The severity of the cut depends on the species being targeted: fewer trees are removed for species that tolerate more shade, more trees removed for species that require more light. It is important that just enough light be given to establish the desired species, without inviting undesired species that require more light.

In other situations, the undesired species is more shade tolerant than the desired species. In this case, foresters will forgo the preparatory cut (which might invite early germination of the undesired shade-tolerant) and perform a heavier than normal establishment cut, giving the desired species enough resources to establish and outgrow the undesired species. The (partial) overstory removal quickly follows, continuing to give the desired species the resources to outgrow its competitor. In the example below, the very shade tolerant balsam fir established in an earlier harvest, and is preventing the establishment of moderately shade tolerant eastern white pine.

Overstory removal or partial overstory removal is performed to give more light to the established seedlings, allowing them to grow freely. This is the most important part of the shelterwood system because the site's resources are deliberately transferred from one generation of trees to the next. Without this cutting, seedlings will stagnate or even die as the crowns of the older trees grow. All the mature trees may be removed, or some may be left as reserves. These will continue to grow and may be harvested several decades later, or may be left to die of old age and contribute ecological values to the site.

Shelterwood with reserves

Keeping the shelterwood for a longer time than just the regeneration can be called the irregular shelterwood method, delayed shelterwood method, extended shelterwood method, shelterwood with reserves or reserve shelterwood. It maybe done to get additional growth on the overwood trees to get extra-large diameters for woods for speciality purposes and products. It also enhances the scenery and is important for some biota. There may be ecological and social needs wanted at a landscape level mitigating for their retention.

Femelschlag

When this series of treatments is performed across an entire stand, it is called a uniform or regular shelterwood. Irregular shelterwoods take a variety of forms, and are becoming increasingly popular on small woodlots and public land. One variation is the Femelschlag, a German invention meaning "expanding group shelterwood with reserves." A patch of seedlings is located or established by cutting, and the mature trees surrounding this patch are cut, with the exception of several high-quality reserves. Regeneration then establishes around the edges of this new gap in response to the increased light. When this regeneration has established, the gap is expanded by cutting the trees around the edge of the gap, again leaving some reserves. The forest is regenerated in concentric circles that eventually meet, providing a diverse structure and steady income from repeated cuttings.

Shelterwood and seed-tree compared

Shelterwood is very similar to seed-tree as a regeneration method. Both use natural regeneration to create an even aged stand. However, the seed-tree method is focused on very few trees that will be wind dispersed. So for example red pine 25/ha, 7/ha for larch, 15-20/ha for Douglas fir.

Whereas the shelterwood method would typically have more trees as they provide a protective aspect and may well be trees with a hard mast that do not disperse so well such as oak or beech. So if shelterwood was used you might find 49/ha for Douglas fir, mixed conifers 86/ha.

The amounts will vary according to species, site, age and health variables of the trees concerned.

This means that in shelterwood the trees will be removed at some time as part of the method, but with seed-tree methods there are so few that it is not necessary to make a cut just to remove them, they are more likely to be taken when performing a tending or thinning operation or other cut than a removal cut.

Potential problems

Any silvicultural method is more prone to certain problems than another. Shelterwood has several particular problems.

 Windthrow from poor selection of trees in relation to the local wind patterns and direction on a site.
 Felling of trees may damage the regenerating level if not done carefully.
 Repeated cuts means repeated entry into the land with forest machinery, which can compact the soil and damage trees accidentally if not done carefully. With modern training this is substantially reduced from what was common in earlier times during the industry development.
 If variations such as strip shelterwood cutting is used a regeneration method the trees might not grow consistently after treatments creating an uneven aged stand more like a Plenterwald than the even aged stand aimed at.

See also

Patch cut

References

Forest management


Daud A. Abdullah is a former Deputy Secretary General of the Muslim Council of Britain.

Life and career
Daud Abdullah was born in St. David's Grenada where he received his early education. He obtained his first degree from the University of Guyana in 1981 and was awarded a scholarship to study Arabic language at King Saud University in Saudi Arabia. In 1984 he joined the University of Khartoum, Sudan to pursue postgraduate studies and was awarded his doctorate in 1989. His last posting in Saudi Arabia was as editor and translator at the Abul Qasim Publishing House in Jeddah.

He then lectured in history at the University of Maiduguri in Nigeria. Since moving to the United Kingdom with his family in the mid-1990s Abdullah has been senior researcher at the Palestinian Return Centre, London. He has been a regular contributor to Impact International and the Palestine Times. He is editor of The Israeli Law of Return & its Impact on the Struggle in Palestine.

Abdullah comments on Palestinian affairs in the British and Arab media.

Since July 1996 Abdullah has been senior researcher at the London-based Palestinian Return Centre and editor of the Return Review, which has recently been replaced with the Journal of Palestinian Refugees Studies.

Abdullah was Assistant Secretary General of the Muslim Council of Britain from 2003 to 2006. He chaired the European and international Affairs Committee during the period 2004–2006 and represented the MCB in several delegations abroad. He has been a spokesperson for the MCB both in the British and international media. He was both their Deputy Secretary General and their Chair of Europe & International Affairs Committee.
Abdullah formerly lectured in 'Introduction to Islam' module of the Islamic Studies CertHE at Birkbeck Stratford.

He is chairman and khateeb of Masjid Annoor in Acton, west London and has been a guest lecturer on Islamic and Palestinian affairs at many universities in the UK including Queen's University in Belfast.

Abdullah is a trustee of the Centre for the Study of Terrorism.

He is also the director Middle East Monitor, a news website, and set up the British Muslim Initiative.

Views
While deputy secretary general of the Muslim Council of Britain, Abdullah signed a declaration that the British government interpreted as inciting the killing of British army personnel.

Books
How the Zionist Colonization of Palestine Radicalized British Muslims in T. Abbas (ed.)

Islamic Political Radicalization – A European Perspective, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2007

A History of Palestinian Resistance, Al Aqsa Publishers, Leicester, 2005

The Israeli Law of Return & its Impact on the Struggle in Palestine, Palestinian Return Centre, London, 2004.

Istanbul Declaration controversy

In March 2009, the Observer newspaper reported that individuals including Abdullah had signed what became known as the Istanbul Declaration (not to be confused with the 2004 Istanbul summit) in January of that year. This was in relation to opposition to Operation Cast Lead, the Israeli military action in Gaza of December 2008 and January 2009. The BBC reported the conference as clerics meeting "senior Hamas officials to plot a new jihad centred on Gaza".

In an open letter from the then Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, Hazel Blears wrote to the MCB saying Abdullah should be asked to resign his post for signing the statement which supported Hamas and celebrated its "victory" against "this malicious Jewish Zionist war over Gaza".

In her letter, dated 13 March, Blears wrote: "In light of the MCB's unequivocal stance on violence, it would seem that Dr Abdullah's position as the deputy secretary general would be incompatible with his recent actions." The deadline set by Blears for Abdullah's dismissal passed, with MCB leaders deciding to stand by him.

In a response, also published in the Guardian newspaper, Abdullah called her remarks a "misguided and ill-advised attempt to exercise control" stated his intention to remain in position.  Subsequently, he announced his intention to sue Hazel Blears, in respect of her office, should she not retract her letter and issue an apology by 15 April 2009.

A letter from the Treasury Solicitors, acting on behalf of Hazel Blears and HM Government, to Abdullah's solicitors revealed their willingness to continue with such a course of action . It closed with the statement, "It follows, of course, that your offer of settlement is rejected". No further reports of attempts to pursue a libel case by Adbullah or the MCB have been heard.

References

External links
 Staff and Trustees Centre for the Study of Terrorism
 Office Bearers Muslim Council of Britain
 MCB Office Bearers 2006-2008 Muslim Council of Britain
 Palestinian Return Centre

English Muslims
Living people
1955 births
King Saud University alumni
People from St. George's, Grenada
Grenadian emigrants to England
University of Khartoum alumni


The Bounty Hunter is a 1954 American western film directed by Andre DeToth and starring Randolph Scott, Marie Windsor and Dolores Dorn. It was the last of six Randolph Scott westerns with DeToth and the first film to feature a bounty hunter as its hero. It was released by Warner Bros. It was filmed in 3-D but released in standard format, though a 3-D print exists in the Warner archives. Stock footage from the 1952 film Carson City is used at the beginning of the film. Portions of the film were shot on location in California at Red Rock Canyon and the Mojave Desert.

Plot
A prologue explains the role of the bounty hunter. A wanted criminal named Burch tries to ambush bounty hunter Jim Kipp, but Kipp gets the better of him. Kipp takes Burch's corpse into town to collect the reward. A representative of the Pinkerton Detective Agency asks Kipp to hunt a trio of fugitives. Three masked men committed a robbery and fled with $100,000. Kipp, who has the reputation that he will do anything for money, is offered a huge reward if he can capture the culprits dead or alive.

Kipp rides into the town of Twin Forks, and uses an alias. He seeks information about one fugitive's wounds from Dr. Spencer, who is wary of revealing too much. Kipp is immediately attracted to the doctor's daughter, Julie. A limping man named Bill Rachin, who works at the hotel, draws Kipp's suspicion. So does George Williams, a card dealer. Williams' wife, Alice, flirts with Kipp and tries to coax information out of him. Kipp does not reveal the purpose for his visit.

Vance Edwards identifies Kipp and his reputation as a bounty hunter. Edwards mistakenly believes Kipp is seeking him for another crime. The townspeople become anxious as the truth about Kipp becomes known. Led by the postmaster, Danvers, they offer Kipp a bribe to leave town. Kipp tells several people that he is expecting a package on the next day's stagecoach and in the package is a likeness of one of the robbers. Dr. Spencer later overhears Kipp telling his daughter the same thing and he becomes worried.

Dr. Spencer confronts Williams, who he knows to be associated with the robbers, and demands a meeting with them. Williams tells Spencer the three are playing poker and agrees to take him to their game but shoots Spencer instead. Hearing the shot, Kipp pursues and corners Williams. He tries to force Williams to tell what he knows about the robbery, but Sheriff Brand shoots Williams dead just as Williams was about to reveal information about the robbery. Danvers tries to smother the seriously wounded Spencer, but he is discovered by Julie. Kipp hears Julie's screams and rushes to her; Danvers flees. Kipp follows Danvers as he hastily leaves town and stops when he loses sight of Danvers but hears someone digging in the hills. He then hears a shot and finds Danvers dead next to an empty money box.

Kipp now knows Danvers was one of the three robbers. The next day the stage arrives with the U.S. mail. The sheriff deputizes Rachin and plans to get rid of the bounty hunter. Vance rescues Kipp, grateful that the bounty hunter is not after him. Kipp opens one of the letters in the mail pouch and looks at the contents, then looks at the sheriff and says, “Your likeness.” The sheriff reveals himself as one of the robbers when he pulls a gun on Kipp, but Alice Williams kills him. She explains that Brand deserved it for shooting her husband. Julie, who had been watching, struggles with Alice for her gun and Kipp subdues Alice. Kipp realizes that Alice is the third robber. He searches her saddle bag and finds the stolen money. Kipp decides to settle in Twin Forks. He marries Julie, and becomes the new town sheriff.

Cast
 Randolph Scott as Jim Kipp
 Dolores Dorn as Julie Spencer
 Marie Windsor as Alice Williams
 Howard Petrie as Sheriff Brand
 Harry Antrim as Dr. Spencer
 Robert Keys as George Williams
 Tyler MacDuff as Vance
 Ernest Borgnine as Rachin
 Dub Taylor as Danvers
 Fess Parker as the young cowboy
 Archie R. Twitchell as Harrison

Production notes
Critics responded favorably to DeToth's skills as a director, especially his ability to seamlessly integrate 3-D effects into the picture as well as for his long tracking shots filmed on location. Unlike other films of the early 50s that were shot in color, The Bounty Hunter'''s color photography still shows well to more modern audiences.

Winston Miller's screenplay included notable dialog such as Kipp explaining that as a lawman without a badge, he could enforce the law but "not wanting to break up fights or throw drunks in jail."  When asked by the town sheriff why he became a bounty hunter, Kipp counts his cash reward, replying, "I'm counting the reasons, and they're ten short". Another scene features Julie, whose father is a doctor, criticizing Kipp's gun in comparison to her father’s medical instruments, saying it’s not a “stethoscope”, causing Kipp to caustically remark, “No, but properly used it can be very good for the human race.”

Near the movie's conclusion, Julie and Alice fight over a gun. Although much of the fight was omitted from the film's final edit, pre-release publicity described it as "...blonde Delores Dorn and brunette Marie Windsor stage their own hair-pulling, scratching, swinging scrimmage."
DeToth allegedly filmed the scene in one take, without a rehearsal, and encouraged the women to actually fight each other. At the end of the fight, both women were covered with dirt and perspiration. One reviewer noted that the studio described it as one of the most "fiercely fought" fights between two women ever filmed.

Contemporary critics have pointed out that Kipp's marriage to Julie, played by Dolores Dorn who was 36 years his junior, seems unusual to current movie audiences. The Bounty Hunter'' was Dorn's screen debut.

References

External links

1954 films
1950s English-language films
Warner Bros. films
1954 3D films
1954 Western (genre) films
American Western (genre) films
Films directed by Andre DeToth
American 3D films
Films produced by Samuel Bischoff
Films scored by David Buttolph
1950s American films


Hyalobagrus flavus is a species of bagrid catfish endemic to Indonesia where it is known only from the Batang Hari drainage in Sumatra and the Mentaya River basin in southern Borneo where it inhabits brown water habitats that are closely associated with blackwater peat swamps.  They occur in large shoals, sometimes mixed with other species of shoaling catfish such as Pseudeutropius brachypopterus and P. moolengurghae.

References

Bagridae
Fish of Asia
Freshwater fish of Indonesia
Taxa named by Heok Hee Ng
Taxa named by Maurice Kottelat
Fish described in 1998


Hyalobagrus leiacanthus is a species of bagrid catfish endemic to Indonesia where it is known only from the Kapuas River and the Barito River basins in central Borneo.

References

Bagridae
Freshwater fish of Borneo
Taxa named by Heok Hee Ng
Taxa named by Maurice Kottelat
Fish described in 1998


Hyalobagrus ornatus is a species of bagrid catfish found in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand.  It is found in the Muar River drainage in the southern Malay Peninsula of Malaysia and Thailand and Kapuas basin in western Borneo.  It occurs in streams and peat swamps.

References

Bagridae
Fish of Asia
Freshwater fish of Indonesia
Freshwater fish of Malaysia
Fish of Thailand
Taxa named by Georg Duncker
Fish described in 1904


Matthew Francis Cogan (born 15 June 1944), known as Frank Cogan, is an Irish former Gaelic football coach and player. At club level he played with Nemo Rangers and was a member of and later coached the Cork senior football team. Cogan usually lined out as a defender.

Playing career

Cogan first came to Gaelic football prominence as a schoolboy at Coláiste Chríost Rí before later winning a Sigerson Cup title with University College Cork in 1966. He had earlier won the first of seven County Championship medals with the college; the other six were claimed with the Nemo Rangers club, with whom he also won three All-Ireland Club Championship titles. Cogan first appeared on the inter-county scene as a member of the Cork minor team that won the county's inaugural All-Ireland Minor Championship title in 1961. He later spent three seasons with the Cork under-21 team and was at centre-back for the 1965 All-Ireland under-21 final defeat by Kildare. Cogan's performances at underage levels saw him drafted onto the Cork senior football team and he made his debut against Dublin during the 1965-66 league. He was a mainstay on the team for much of the following decade and was at left corner-back for Cork's 1973 All-Ireland Championship success. Cogan's other honours include five Munster Championship medals and a Railway Cup title with Munster, however, a serious leg injury brought his inter-county career to an end in 1974.

Coaching career

Cogan first became involved in coaching at various levels with the Nemo Rangers club. At inter-county level he coached the Cork minor team to an All-Ireland final defeat by Galway in 1976. Cogan subsequently took charge of the coaching duties with the Cork senior team, guiding the team to a league final defeat by Roscommon in 1979. He became a close coaching associate of Billy Morgan and was defensive coach and assistant team masseur when the Cork senior team won two All-Ireland Championship titles from four consecutive finals appearances between 1987 and 1990.

Personal life

Cogan's grandfather, Matt Gargan, won five All-Ireland Championships with the Kilkenny senior hurling team in a seven-season spell from 1907 to 1913. His uncle, Jack Gargan, also claimed All-Ireland honours as part of the Kilkenny team that beat Cork in the 1939 All-Ireland final. Cogan's brother-in-law, Billy Morgan, was a teammate at club and inter-county levels, while another brother-in-law, Ray Cummins, captained the Cork senior hurling team.

Honours

Player

University College Cork
Sigerson Cup: 1966
Cork Senior Football Championship: 1964

Nemo Rangers
All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship: 1973, 1979, 1982
Munster Senior Club Football Championship: 1972, 1974, 1975 (c), 1978, 1981
Cork Senior Football Championship: 1972, 1974, 1975 (c), 1977, 1978, 1981
Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship: 1971 (c)

Cork
All-Ireland Senior Football Championship: 1973
Munster Senior Football Championship: 1966, 1967, 1971, 1973, 1974
Munster Under-21 Football Championship: 1965
All-Ireland Minor Football Championship: 1961
Munster Minor Football Championship: 1961

Munster
Railway Cup: 1972

Coach

Cork
Munster Minor Football Championship: 1976, 1977

References

1944 births
Living people
UCC Gaelic footballers
Nemo Rangers Gaelic footballers
Cork inter-county Gaelic footballers
Munster inter-provincial Gaelic footballers
Gaelic football managers
Gaelic football selectors


The Our Lady of the Angels Monastery is a  Trappistine monastery near Crozet, Virginia (in the Diocese of Richmond, Virginia), which sits in a small valley of the Blue Ridge Mountains near Route 64. They are not cloistered from the public.

History

On April 29, 1987, six nuns set out from Mount Saint Mary's Abbey in Wrentham, Massachusetts, to found a new house of Cistercian nuns. They found a cheese farm selling at a discount price with all of the dated cheese-making machinery still intact on the property.

Trappists emphasize self-sufficiency and manual labor. Therefore the idea of a small monastery producing and selling cheese to support itself appealed greatly to the nuns, and they took up residence in the two small log cabins on the property. Formally founded on May 1, Our Lady of the Angels Monastery became the fifth house of Cistercian nuns in the United States, and the first situated in the South.

Work soon began on the new brick monastery for the Sisters on a nearby hill. The new structure was dedicated on April 29, 1989. The building had a small chapel that is open to the public daily, where the Sisters celebrate mass with a live-in priest and receive daily communion.

Learning to work the cheese-making machinery proved a challenge for the inexperienced Sisters, who knew nothing about the art and were working with old equipment that had been out of use for some 6 years. Happily, neighbors stepped in to help out. Hearing about the dilemma, Jim and Margaret Morris, self-described aging hippies, shared their cheese-making skills and knowledge and before long the nuns were ready to sell. In November 1990 the Sisters began the production of Gouda (cheese) as their main means of self-support.

Of the original Charter group, only Sister Barbara and Sister Mary David are still in residence at OLA. Sister Barbara acts as the formation director and is in charge of vocations at the monastery. Their community has grown from the original six to a full dozen, ranging in age from 40 to 77. As their numbers grew to finally double their starting number, the Sisters realized that they would need more room for dormitories and working. Therefore, in early 2006 the Sisters briefly interrupted their cheese-making for the beginning of an expansion of their monastery. Construction finished in February, 2008, providing the community with new rooms, extra space, and (most importantly), updated machinery for the production of gouda.

Gouda cheese

The nuns order on average about 750 gallons of milk per week from a neighboring Mennonite farmer. Although they do not advertise their two- and five-lb rounds of gouda cheese, they generally sell out their 20,000 pounds by Christmas—and then receive orders for Christmas gift certificates that are ready to ship by February. However, the Sisters never make more than they need to pay the bills—even when more orders pour in than they can fill. In addition to mail-in orders for cheese, customers send in prayer intentions that the Sisters take very seriously.

Daily Schedule
Following the Rule of St Benedict, in the method established by the Cistercian Order of the Strict Observance, the Sisters live a regimented monastic schedule:

3:00 - Rise
3:15 - Vigils (Night Office) private prayer, reading, breakfast, wash
6:00 - Lauds (Morning Praise) followed by half-hour silent prayer before the Blessed Sacrament
7:00 - Chapter (conference by superior, community meeting or class)
7:30 - Eucharist, Terce (Mid-morning Prayer) work until 11:00
11:40 - Sext (Midday Prayer) dinner, optional siesta, private prayer or reading
1:30 - Nones (Afternoon Prayer) work until 4:15
5:30 - Vespers - (Evening Prayer) quarter-hour silent meditation, supper, private prayer or reading
7:00 - Compline (Concluding Prayer of the day) followed by strict silence and bed

They do not swear a vow of silence, but live in quiet contemplation rather than idly chattering. The Sisters sit in silence for their meals of bread and cheese, listening to one Sister read aloud while they eat. Work varies according to talent and ability. Cheese-making takes place once every 8 days. The monastery has no television and the Sisters do not listen to music or go online, but one Sister of the community is appointed to listen to the radio for prayer-worthy news and to go online to tend to emails and orders for cheese.

The monastery is also home to one dog, Skipper, and several cats.

See also
 Trappists
 Cistercians
 Rule of St Benedict

References

External links
Monastery Homepage
News release 2008 in the Catholic Virginian
 News release 2009 in the Catholic Herald

Trappistine monasteries in the United States
Christian organizations established in 1987
Buildings and structures in Albemarle County, Virginia
20th-century Christian monasteries
Catholic Church in Virginia
Crozet, Virginia
History of women in Virginia


Adranodoros (or Andranodorus) was the son-in-law of the Greek Sicilian king Hiero II of Syracuse in the 3rd century BCE. His wife was Hiero's daughter Demarata. He was one of fifteen guardians named by Hiero to counsel Hiero's fifteen-year-old grandson and successor, Hieronymus of Syracuse, after Hiero died. Adranodoros dismissed the other guardians, saying that they were not needed, and became Hieronymos's chief counsellor. He encouraged Hieronymus to change the allegiance of Syracuse from Rome to Carthage, and connect himself with Hannibal.

Hieronymus was tyrannical, and was killed by a band of conspirators after ruling for a turbulent 13 months. Andranodoros attempted to occupy Sicily with the intention of usurping the royal power. He quickly surrendered to the Syracusans, and was elected one of their generals, along with Themistus, Hieronymus' brother-in-law.

Before long, the people of Syracuse became suspicious of him. A comedian and friend of Andranodoros's, named Ariston, reported to the other generals that the Andranodoros and Themistus were still plotting to seize power for themselves, and massacre the other leaders of the city. The magistrates of the island ordered that Andranodoros be killed. As he entered the senate building, Andranodoros was assassinated, along with members of the old royal family.

The people of Syracuse rose up and demanded justice for Andranodoros's assassination. One of his killers, a soldier named Sopater, defended himself by claiming that Hieronymus' tyrannical actions were orchestrated by Andranodoros. He also claimed that Andranodoros and Themistus's conspiracy was orchestrated by their power-hungry wives, Hiero's daughter and granddaughter. The wives were then killed to appease the people's fury.

Notes

Other sources
 http://www.math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Family/FamilyIntro.html
 https://www.cs.drexel.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Family/Hieronymos_OLD.html

|width=25% align=center|Preceded by:Hieronymus
|width=25% align=center|Tyrant of Syracuse214 BCE
|width=25% align=center|Succeeded by:Hippocrates and Epicydes
|-

3rd-century BC people
214 BC deaths
Year of birth unknown


George Hannah may refer to:

George Hannah (footballer, born 1914) (1914–1977), English footballer who played for Derby County and Port Vale
George Hannah (footballer, born 1928) (1928–1990), English footballer who played for six clubs in Ireland and England

See also
George Hanna (disambiguation)


Timothy Jollie,  (c. 1659–1714), was a nonconformist minister and notable educator in the north of England.

Biography
Timothy Jollie, son of Thomas Jollie, was born at Altham, Accrington, Lancashire, about 1659. On 27 August 1673 he entered the dissenting academy of Richard Frankland at Rathmell, Yorkshire. He left it in December 1675 to study in London, where he became a member of the independent church at Girdlers' Hall, Basinghall Street, under George Griffith. In 1679 he was called to an independent church in a newly erected meeting-house at Snig Hall, Sheffield. He was ordained on 28 April 1681 by his father, with Oliver Heywood and two other ministers, at the house of Abel Yates in Sheffield. Heywood notes the occasion as remarkable, seeing that an independent church, with but two objectors, allowed their pastor to be ordained by presbyters. In 1682 Jollie was arrested under the Five Miles Act, fined £20, taken to York, and bound over to appear at the next assizes. Refusing then to take an oath of ‘good behaviour,’ he was imprisoned for six months in York Castle, where, in June 1683, he was visited by Heywood. He was released  on 1 October 1683.

Jollie's academy
From 1686 to 1689 Frankland had held his academy at Attercliffe, on the outskirts of Sheffield. On his return in July 1689 with the academy to Rathmell, Jollie started an independent academy at Attercliffe. The London Presbyterian fund sent him a few students, but none after 1696. By May 1700 he had sent out forty ministers, and had twenty-six in training. Not thirty names of his students are known, but the list includes Thomas Bradbury, Benjamin Grosvenor, D.D., William Harris, D.D. (1675?–1740), John Bowes (1690–1767), Lord Chancellor of Ireland, Thomas Secker (in 1708–9), archbishop of Canterbury, and Nicholas Saunderson, scientist and mathematician. Grosvenor commends the excellence of his discipline and the charm of his eloquence, and thinks that his exemplary character compensated for shortcomings in his learning. It appears that mathematical studies were prohibited ‘as tending to scepticism and infidelity,’ but many of the students ‘by stealth made a considerable progress’ in this department. After Jollie's death the academy was continued by John Wadsworth till 1718, and perhaps later.

Thomas Secker held a critical opinion of the Jollie's academy; according to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition he was frustrated by Jollie's poor teaching, famously remarking that he lost his knowledge of languages and that 'only the old Philosophy of the Schools was taught there: and that neither ably nor diligently. The morals also of many of the young Men were bad. I spent my time there idly & ill'.

Upper Chapel
In 1700 a new meeting-house, since known as the Upper Chapel, was built for Jollie at Sheffield, the old building being converted into an almshouse and school. His hearers formed the largest nonconformist congregation in Yorkshire. His letter to Heywood in 1701 shows that he shared Heywood's alarm at the rise of ‘novellists’, or innovators upon the orthodoxy of Calvinism. Harmony prevailed among his own flock, but there was an angry division immediately after his death, the great majority abandoning independence, but retaining the meeting-house.

Death, family
He died on Easter day, 28 March 1714, and was buried on 31 March in the graveyard at the Upper Chapel, where his tombstone bears a Latin inscription, which gives his age ‘ætatis suæ 56.’ His funeral sermon was preached by his assistant, John de la Rose.

He married Elizabeth (d 20 January 1709), daughter of James Fisher (d 1666), the ejected vicar of Sheffield, with whom he had two sons, Thomas and Timothy, both of whom became independent ministers.

Publications
He published:
 A Funeral Sermon for … Rev. Thomas Jollie''', 1704,
 A Memorial, or a Character of Mr. Thomas Whitaker'', 1712, (prefixed to a volume of Whitaker's sermons, edited by Jollie and Thomas Bradbury)

Notes

References

1659 births
1714 deaths
English Christian religious leaders
Dissenting academy tutors
English Dissenters
People from Accrington


John Coleman (born 1951) is an Irish retired Gaelic footballer. His league and championship career with the Cork senior team spanned nine seasons from 1970 to 1979.

Born in Millstreet, County Cork, Coleman first played competitive Gaelic football during his tenure at Millstreet National School. He later attended Rockwell College, however, here he favoured rugby union, winning a Munster medal in 1967. Coleman first appeared for the Millstreet club at underage levels, winning a host of divisional minor championship medals. He also claimed a county under-21 championship medal in 1972.

Coleman made his debut on the inter-county scene when he was selected on the Cork minor team in 1968. He enjoyed two championship seasons with the minors and collected back-to-back All-Ireland medals. Coleman subsequently joined the Cork under-21 team, winning back-to-back All-Ireland medals in 1970 and 1971. By this stage he had also joined the Cork senior team, making his debut during the 1970-71 league. Over the course of the next nine seasons, Coleman won one All-Ireland in 1973.. He also won three Munster medals. Coleman played his last game for Cork in July 1979.

Following the abolition of the ban in 1972, Coleman combined his Gaelic football career with one in rugby union. He represented Munster on a number of occasions, while he also played with the Ireland B team. His older brother Billy Coleman was a former rally driver.

Playing career

Minor and under-21

Coleman was just sixteen-years-old when he was selected for the Cork minor team in 1968. He scored 2-2 from centre-forward when he made his debut against Waterford on 5 July 1968. Coleman later won his first Munster medal following a 2-13 to 0-2 trouncing of Kerry in the provincial decider. Cork subsequently qualified for the All-Ireland final against Sligo on 22 September 1968. Coleman missed two guilt-edged goal opportunities, however, Cork built up an impressive eleven-point lead. Sligo launched a stunning comeback in the final twenty minutes and were unlucky not to claim a draw. The 3-5 to 1-10 victory gave Coleman his first All-Ireland medal.

Once again eligible for the minor grade in 1969, Coleman was moved to midfield for the championship campaign. He won a second successive Munster medal that year as Kerry were bested by 3-11 to 0-12. On 28 September 1969 Cork faced Derry in the All-Ireland final. Trailing by 0-8 to 0-3 shortly after the interval, Cork staged a comeback courtesy of two goals by Declan Barron. The 2-7 to 0-11 scoreline secured a third successive championship for Cork and a second winners' medal for Coleman.

Coleman was also a member of the Cork under-21 football panel in 1969. He was an unused substitute that year, however, he collected a Munster medal from the bench as Cork defeated Kerry by 1-14 to 1-11.

In 1970 Coleman joined the Cork under-21 starting team and was positioned at left wing-forward. He won a second Munster medal that year as Cork outclassed Clare by 5-12 to 1-7 in the Munster final. On 4 October 1970 Cork faced Fermamagh in the All-Ireland final. Cork built up a strong 1-7 to 0-3 half-time lead and eventually secured a 2-11 to 0-9 victory. Coleman collected his first All-Ireland medal in the grade, in what was Cork's inaugural under-21 championship title.

Cork dominated in the under-21 grade once again in 1971, with Coleman moving to the centre-back position. He won a third successive Munster medal that year as Cork defeated Waterford by 1-10 to 2-5 in the provincial decider. On 19 September 1971 Cork renewed their rivalry with Fermanagh in the All-Ireland final. Declan Barron and Billy Cogan scored the goals which powered Cork to a 3-10 to 0-3 victory. It was Coleman's second All-Ireland medal in the grade.

Senior

Coleman made his senior championship debut for Cork on 13 June 1971 in a 2-10 to 0-5 Munster semi-final victory over Clare. In the subsequent provincial final, Cork completely outplayed Kerry in securing a 0-25 to 0-14 victory. It was Coleman's first Munster medal.

Two years later Coleman won a second Munster medal. The 5–12 to 1–15 victory over arch-rivals Kerry showed the traditional football powers that Cork were coming. The subsequent All-Ireland final on 23 September 1973 pitted Cork against Galway. The game was expected to be an open affair and so it proved, with Cork taking the initiative early on. Dinny Long's centre was punched against the crossbar by Jimmy Barrett; however, Jimmy Barry-Murphy was alert to the rebound and pounced for a well-taken goal after just two minutes. With their confidence boosted, the Cork forwards settled quickly and scores came freely. At the other end of the field, Coleman, in spite if suffering from concussion, curbed the threat of Galway captain and centre-forward Liam Sammon. Cork held an interval lead of 1-10 to 0-6. A Galway revival saw them cut the margin to just three points when Tom Naughton scored a goal, but Cork's response was controlled and efficient. Ray Cummins steadied Cork with three points in quick succession before setting up Jimmy Barry-Murphy for the clinching goal. Johnny Hughes pulled one back for the men from the West; however, it was as close as they got and the Leesiders closed out the contest with their third goal, scored by Jimmy Barrett. The 3-17 to 2-13 victory gave Coleman an All-Ireland medal.

In 1974 Cork dominated the provincial championship once again. A 1–11 to 0–7 victory over Kerry gave the county a second consecutive Munster title.  It was Coleman's third provincial winners' medal in all.  A certain amount of over-confidence crept into the side as Cork were subsequently defeated by eventual champions Dublin in the All-Ireland semi-final.

Career statistics

Honours

Cork
All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (1): 1973
Munster Senior Football Championship (3): 1971, 1973, 1974
All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship (2): 1970, 1971
Munster Under-21 Football Championship (3): 1969, 1970, 1971
All-Ireland Minor Football Championship (2): 1968, 1969
Munster Minor Football Championship (2): 1968, 1969

References

1951 births
Living people
Millstreet Gaelic footballers
Cork inter-county Gaelic footballers
Winners of one All-Ireland medal (Gaelic football)
Ireland Wolfhounds international rugby union players
Munster Rugby players
Gaelic footballers who switched code


Steal Princess, known in Japan as , is a puzzle-based platform game developed by Climax Entertainment.

Gameplay

The game is divided into larger areas that are subdivided into multiple levels. Levels are short and generally only take a few minutes to complete. The goal often involves defeating a set of enemies and activating switches in order to gain access to the level's exit. The puzzle elements in the first few levels combine to form more complex puzzles as the game progresses. There is also a level editor feature to allow players to create their own puzzles and share them on the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection network.

Plot
Anise, a master thief, accidentally triggers a booby-trap in the palace of the Ancient Demon King. She barely escapes and is knocked unconscious. A fairy named Kukri rescues her and takes her to Albyon Castle. Kukri claims that Anise is a descendant of the Legendary Hero of Albyon and thus, the king commands her to save the prince who was captured by the demons in the Demon King's palace.

Development
In December 2008, the ESRB leaked the announcement of three games which Atlus would be releasing in North America, including the announcement of Steal Princess. A week after the leak, Atlus jokingly said in a press release that all future release announcements would be made via the ESRB website. Steal Princess was officially announced on January 15, 2009 with a release date scheduled for March 24, 2009. Three of Atlus's game's releases were rescheduled in February 2009, including Steal Princess whose new release date was for April 21, 2009. Atlus announced in May that they would be delaying Steal Princess by a few weeks, until May 19, to allow more time to advertise the game. To appease gamers that were counting on the April 21 release, a free mini-poster was packaged with the game.

Reception

The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 28 out of 40.

References

2008 video games
Atlus games
Marvelous Entertainment games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Platformers
Puzzle video games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games featuring female protagonists


Cornelius G. M. Hartnett (1951 – 17 December 2019) was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played for Cork Championship club Millstreet. He was a member of the Cork senior football team for six seasons, during which time he usually lined out as a left wing-back.

Hartnett began his Gaelic football career at club level with Millstreet. He broke onto the club's top adult team as a 17-year-old in 1968 after enjoying a hugely successful career at underage level that saw him secure five successive Duhallow Minor Championship titles.

At inter-county level, Hartnett was part of the successful Cork minor team that won back-to-back All-Ireland Championships in 1968 and 1969 before later winning back-to-back All-Ireland Championships with the under-21 team in 1970 and 1971. He joined the Cork senior team during the 1969–70 National League. Hartnett eventually became the first-choice left wing-back and made numerous National League and Championship appearances in a career that ended with his last game in 1975 before effectively being dropped from the team. During that time he was left wing-back on Cork's 1973 All-Ireland Championship-winning team. Hartnett also secured three Munster Championship medals.

Playing career

Millstreet

Hartnett joined the Millstreet club at a young and played in all grades at juvenile and underage levels. He enjoyed a hugely successful underage career, winning five successive Duhallow Minor Championship medals between 1965 and 1969.

On 29 November 1968, Hartnett was still just 17-years-old when he lined out at left wing-back for the Millstreet senior team in the Tadhg Crowley Cup final. He ended the game with his first silverware at senior level after a 2–05 to 0–07 defeat of St. Finbarr's.

Cork

Minor and under-21

Hartnett first played for Cork as a member of the minor team during the 1968 Munster Championship. He made his first appearance for the team on 5 July 1968 when he lined out at left wing-back in a 3–08 to 1–06 defeat of Waterford. On 14 July 1968, Hartnett won a Munster Championship when he again lined out at left wing-back in Cork's 2–13 to 0–02 defeat of Kerry in the final. He won an All-Ireland medal on 22 September 1968 following Cork's 3-05 to 1–10 defeat of Sligo in the All-Ireland final.

On 20 July 1969, Hartnett lined out in a second successive Munster final against Kerry. He ended the game with a second winners' medal after the 3–11 to 0–12 victory. On 28 September 1969, Hartnett was again selected at left wing-back when Cork faced Derry in the All-Ireland final. He claimed a second successive All-Ireland medal after the 2-07 to 0–11 victory.

Hartnett immediately progressed onto the Cork under-21 team and was included on the panel for the 1970 Munster Championship. He made his debut in the grade on 15 July 1970 when he lined out at left wing-back in a 2–13 to 0–10 defeat of Kerry. On 23 August 1970, he won a Munster Championship medal following Cork's 5–12 to 1–07 victory over Clare in the final. On 4 October 1970, Hartnett lined out at left wing-back when Cork qualified to play Fermanagh in the All-Ireland final. He ended the game with a winners' medal after the 2–11 to 0–09 victory.

On 12 August 1971, Hartnett claimed a second successive Munster Championship medal after Cork's 1–10 to 2–05 defeat of Waterford in the final. He was again selected at left wing-back when Cork qualified to play Fermanagh in a second successive All-Ireland final. Hartnett collected a second successive winners' medal after the 3–10 to 0–03 victory.

Hartnett lined out in a third successive Munster final on 22 August 1972. He ended the game on the losing side after the 1–11 to 2–07 defeat by Kerry in what was his last game in the grade.

Senior

Hartnett was just out of the minor grade when he was added to the Cork senior team during the 1969–70 National League. On 26 July 1970, he was an unused substitute when Cork suffered a 2–22 to 2–09 defeat by Kerry in the Munster final.

On 18 July 1971, Hartnett was selected amongst the substitutes when Cork qualified to play Kerry in the Munster final. He was introduced as a 74th-minute substitute for Kevin Jer O'Sullivan at right wing-back and claimed his first winners' medal after the 0–25 to 0–14 victory.

Hartnett was selected as a substitute when Cork faced Kerry in the Munster final on 16 July 1972. He remained on the bench throughout the game and ended on the losing side after a 2–21 to 2–15 defeat.

On 15 July 1973, Hartnett made his first championship start when he was selected at left wing-back when Cork faced Kerry in the Munster final. He ended the game with a second winners' medal following the 5–12 to 1–15 victory. Hartnett retained his position on the starting fifteen for the All-Ireland final against Galway on 23 September 1973. He ended the game with a winners' medal  as Cork claimed the title for the first time since 1945.

On 14 July 1974, Hartnett participated in his fifth successive Munster final when he was selected in his customary position of left wing-back against Kerry. He ended the game with a third winners' medal after the 1–11 to 0–07 victory.

Hartnett made his sixth successive Munster final appearance on 13 July 1975. Lining out once again at left wing-back, he ended the game on the losing side after the 1–14 to 0–07 defeat.

Hartnett made no appearances for Cork during the 1975–76 National League after effectively being dropped from the team. He made several attempts to regain his place but was not included on the panel for the 1976 Munster Championship.

Munster

Hartnett was selected for the Munster inter-provincial team in advance of the 1974 Railway Cup. He was an unused substitute when Munster suffered a 1–07 to 1–04 defeat by the Combined Universities on 26 January 1974.

Honours

Millstreet
Tadhg Crowley Cup (1): 1968
Duhallow Novice Hurling Championship (1): 1968
Duhallow Minor Football Championship (5): 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969

Cork
All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (1): 1973
Munster Senior Football Championship (3): 1971, 1973, 1974
All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship (2): 1970, 1971
Munster Under-21 Football Championship (2): 1970, 1971
All-Ireland Minor Football Championship (2): 1968, 1969
Munster Minor Football Championship (2): 1968, 1969

References

1951 births
2019 deaths
Millstreet hurlers
Millstreet Gaelic footballers
Cork inter-county Gaelic footballers


Johann Hauler (9 October 1829 – 9 August 1888) was an Austrian educator and classical philologist born in Oberrimsingen, a district of Breisach, Germany. He was the father of Edmund Hauler (1859–1941), a professor of classical philology at the University of Vienna.

He studied classical and Romance philology at the University of Bonn under Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl (1806–1876) and Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker (1784–1868), then at the University of Freiburg with Theodor Bergk (1812–1881), and finally in Paris. After earning his doctorate in 1855 with the dissertation "De Theocriti vita et carminibus", he taught French and ancient languages at the "German gymnasium" in Ofen.

In 1860 he relocated to Vienna as Oberlehrer at the Theresianum, then held the same position at the Akademischen Gymnasium (from 1862). In 1877 he was appointed director of the Staatsgymnasiums Wien II (Vienna State Gymnasium II). In 1880 he became a member of the Mitglied des Landesschulrats für Niederösterreich.

He was the author of "Lateinisches Übungsbuch" (Latin Workbook), published in 32 editions up until 1938. It was edited and processed by a number of scholars, including his son, Edmund Hauler. He died on 9 August 1888 in Trautmannsdorf an der Leitha. In 1934, the Haulerstraße in Alsergrund (9th district, Vienna) was named in his honor.

References
 This article is based on a translation of an article from the German Wikipedia. namely:
  Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950.

Austrian philologists
Classical philologists
Heads of schools in Austria
German philologists
German emigrants to Austria
People from Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
1829 births
1888 deaths


Dinny Long (born 1949 in Millstreet, County Cork) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer. He played for his local clubs Millstreet and Austin Stacks and was a member of the Cork senior inter-county team from 1969 until 1977.

In 1973 during a carnival at Banteer, Long refereed a ladies' Gaelic football match between Kerry and Cork. This was one of the earliest ladies' Gaelic football inter-county games in Munster.

References

1949 births
Living people
Millstreet Gaelic footballers
Austin Stacks Gaelic footballers
Cork inter-county Gaelic footballers
Gaelic football referees


The K-On! animated television series is based on the manga series of the same name written and illustrated by Kakifly. The episodes, produced by the animation studio Kyoto Animation, are directed by Naoko Yamada, written by Reiko Yoshida, and features character design by Yukiko Horiguchi who based the designs on Kakifly's original concept. The story follows four Japanese high school girls who join their school's light music club to try to save it from being abolished. However, they are the only four members of the club, one of which has little experience with guitar playing.

Thirteen episodes were broadcast on TBS between April 3 and June 26, 2009. The episodes began airing on subsequent networks at later dates which include BS-TBS, MBS, and CBC. The widescreen version aired on BS-TBS between April 25 and July 18, 2009. Seven BD/DVD compilation volumes were released by Pony Canyon between July 29, 2009 and January 20, 2010. An additional original video animation episode was released with the final BD/DVD volume on January 20, 2010. Both an English-subtitled and English-dubbed version by Red Angel Media began airing on March 16, 2010 on Animax Asia. At their industry panel at Anime Expo 2010, anime distributor Bandai Entertainment announced that they have acquired the first season of K-On! for a BD/DVD release. A second season titled K-On!! (with two exclamation marks) aired in Japan between April 7, 2010 and September 28, 2010 with 26 episodes. The episodes aired in HD format in Japan. An OVA episode was included with the ninth BD/DVD volume of the second season released on March 16, 2011. An English dubbed version of this season began airing on Animax Asia starting October 20, 2010. The second season was licensed by Sentai Filmworks and released in two BD/DVD collections in North America between June and August 2012. An animated film based on the series was released in Japanese theaters on December 3, 2011, and was later released on BD and DVD on July 18, 2012. Sentai Filmworks released the film in North America on May 21, 2013.

Two pieces of theme music are used for the first season; one opening theme and one ending theme. The opening theme is "Cagayake! Girls" by Aki Toyosaki with Yōko Hikasa, Satomi Satō and Minako Kotobuki. The ending theme is "Don't Say Lazy" by Hikasa with Toyosaki, Satō and Kotobuki. From episode nine, the opening video features Azusa, and also features some minor changes to the music, particularly an additional guitar part during certain segments (alongside the initial two). Four pieces of theme music are used for the second season; two opening themes and two ending themes. For the first 13 episodes, the opening theme is "Go! Go! Maniac" and the ending theme is "Listen!!". For episodes 14 onwards, the opening theme is "Utauyo!! Miracle" while the ending theme is "No, Thank You!". The songs from the second season are performed by Toyosaki, Hikasa, Satō, Kotobuki, and Ayana Taketatsu, with Toyosaki and Hikasa singing lead vocals on the opening and ending themes, respectively. For the movie, the opening theme is , the main theme is  and the ending theme is "Singing!", all performed by Toyosaki, Hikasa, Satō, Kotobuki and Taketatsu.

Series overview

Episode list

K-On! (2009)

Ura-On!
A recap episode showing all the performances from the first season aired on July 25, 2009. A series of three-minute shorts entitled 'Ura-On!' were included on DVD and Blu-ray Disc volumes.

K-On!! (2010)

Ura-On!!

Film (2011)

References

External links
Anime official website

K-On!


Nanobagrus armatus is a species of bagrid catfish found in the Mahakam and Kapuas River basins of Borneo.

This species grows to a length of 3.2 cm and has a brown body with numerous cream-colored spots and 2 relatively large and irregular cream-colored patches on the sides of the body.

References

Bagridae
Taxa named by Léon Vaillant
Fish described in 1902


Ned Kirby (born 1949 in Glanworth, County Cork) is an Irish former sportsperson. He played Gaelic football with his local clubs Glanworth and Grange and was a member of the Cork senior inter-county team from 1970 until 1974.

Honours

Cork
All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (1): 1973
Munster Senior Football Championship (3): 1971, 1973, 1974
Munster Junior Football Championship (1): 1970
All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship (1): 1970
Munster Under-21 Football Championship (2): 1969, 1970
All-Ireland Minor Football Championship (1): 1967
Munster Minor Football Championship (2): 1966, 1967

References

1949 births
Living people
Glanworth Gaelic footballers
Cork inter-county Gaelic footballers


Nanobagrus immaculatus is a species of bagrid catfish endemic to Indonesia where it is found in the Kahayan River drainage of southern Borneo.  It grows to a length of 2.9 cm and has a uniformly dark body with no markings.

References

Bagridae
Catfish of Asia
Freshwater fish of Indonesia
Fish described in 2008


Nanobagrus nebulosus is a species of bagrid catfish endemic to Malaysia where it is found in the Endau and Sedili River drainages in the southeastern Malay Peninsula.  It grows to a length of 3.5 cm and has a brown body with three rows of cream-colored spots that are found above, along, and below the lateral line.

References

Bagridae
Freshwater fish of Malaysia
Fish described in 1999


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Zhongshan Min (), known as Cunhua () by its speakers, are three Min Chinese dialect islands in the Zhongshan region of the southern Chinese province of Guangdong. The Zhongshan Min people settled in the region from Fujian Province as early as the Northern Song dynasty period (1023–1031).
The three dialects are:
 Longdu dialect, spoken mainly in Shaxi and Dachong in the west of the prefecture,
 Nanlang dialect or Dongxiang dialect, spoken mainly in Nanlang and Zhangjiabian in the east, and
 Sanxiang dialect, spoken in Sanxiang in the south.
According to Nicholas Bodman, the Longdu and Nanlang dialects belong to the Eastern Min group, while the Sanxiang dialect belongs to Southern Min.  All three have been heavily influenced by the Shiqi dialect, the local variety of Yue Chinese.

As the dialect with the most speakers, the Longdu dialect may be taken as the representative dialect of Zhongshan Min.

Notes

References

Sources

See also

Zhongshan
Southern Min


Nanobagrus stellatus is a species of bagrid catfish endemic to Indonesia where it is found in the Batang Hari basin of Sumatra.  It grows to a length of 3.4 cm and is colored brown with three rows of cream-colored spots that are located above, along and below the lateral line.

References

Bagridae
Fish of Asia
Freshwater fish of Indonesia
Fish described in 2000


Declan Barron (born 1951) is an Irish former Gaelic football player who played for club side Bantry Blues, divisional side Carbery and at inter-county level with the Cork senior football team. He usually lined out at midfield or in the forwards.

Career

Barron, whose father had played with the Carlow senior football team, first played Gaelic football at Bantry National school and from there he moved to play at club level with Bantry Blues. He won the first of four divisional championship titles in 1968, before later claiming county titles in junior and intermediate. He completed the county set of medals by winning a County Senior Championship title with Carbery in 1971.

By this stage Barron had already made an impression on the inter-county scene with Cork and was the holder of two All-Ireland minor championship medals and two All-Ireland under-21 championship medals. He was added to the Cork senior team in 1971 and won the first of three Munster Championship medals that year. Barron was at centre-forward when Cork claimed the All-Ireland title after a defeat of Galway in the final. He continued to line out with Cork for much of the following decade and ended his career by winning a National League medal. Having won two All-Star awards during his playing days, Barron was later named on the Cork Football Teams of the Century and Millennium.

Honours

Bantry Blues
Cork Intermediate Football Championship: 1975
Cork Junior Football Championship: 1972
South West Junior A Football Championship: 1968, 1969, 1972, 1985

Carbery
Cork Senior Football Championship: 1971

Cork
All-Ireland Senior Football Championship: 1973
Munster Senior Football Championship: 1971, 1973, 1974
National Football League: 1979–80
All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship: 1970, 1971
Munster Under-21 Football Championship: 1970, 1971
All-Ireland Minor Football Championship: 1968, 1969
Munster Minor Football Championship: 1968, 1969

Munster
Railway Cup:1975

References

1951 births
Living people
Bantry Blues Gaelic footballers
Carbery Gaelic footballers
Cork inter-county Gaelic footballers
Munster inter-provincial Gaelic footballers
People from Bantry


Cobleskill may refer to:

United States
 Cobleskill (village), New York
 Cobleskill (town), New York
 Cobleskill Creek, New York
 Cobleskill Historic District, a national historic district located at Cobleskill in Schoharie County, New York
 SUNY Cobleskill

See also
 Cobleskill Times Journal


A home study or homestudy is a screening of the home and life of prospective adoptive parents prior to allowing an adoption to take place. In some places, and in all international adoptions, a home study is required by law. Even where it is not legally mandated, it may be required by an adoption agency. Depending on the location and agency, different information may be sought during a home study.

A home study can be used both to aid the prospective parents in preparing to raise an adoptive child, and to rule out those who are not fit to be parents.

The ultimate purpose of a home study is for the benefit of the child, not the parents. Therefore, screeners are instructed to be thorough in their examinations.

There is typically a cost to a home study, which is usually several hundred to several thousand US dollars. In most cases, the prospective adoptive parents are responsible to cover the cost.

Information
The types of information that may be sought from a home study include the determination if there is abuse in the past, family background, employment history, a criminal background check of the prospective parents, a credit check, medical records, and an examination of the home.

A home study, as its name implies, examines the dwelling of the prospective parents. Factors that may be taken into account include the cleanliness and condition of the home, fire safety, sanitation, and the well-being of the neighborhood where the home is located.

Factors pertaining to the people may include their desire to adopt, their understanding of the relationship between adoptive parents and children, and their willingness to share with an adopted child the fact that they are adopted.

Criticism
Home studies are criticized by many who feel they are intrusive, or who feel that there may be discrimination against certain people who are perfectly capable of parenting, but are ruled out due to various issues.

References

Adoption law
Adoption


Olyra burmanica is a species of longtail catfish endemic to Myanmar where it is found in Pegu Yomas.  This species grows to  in total length.

References

Catfish of Asia
Fish of Myanmar
Endemic fauna of Myanmar
Fish described in 1872


Cobleskill is a town in Schoharie County, New York, United States. The population was 6,086 at the 2020 census. The town contains a village, also named Cobleskill, as well as the State University of New York at Cobleskill.

The town is in the northern part of the county and is southwest of Amsterdam.

History
The town was first settled around 1712. The town was founded at the same time as the county, 1795, but its boundaries were not established until 1801. There are more historical notes on the pages of the village of Cobleskill and Schoharie County.

The town was named after mill owner Jacob Kobell, and the word "kil", which is Dutch for stream. Cobleskill was incorporated in 1868.

Battle of Cobleskill

The Battle of Cobleskill (the Cobleskill massacre) was an American Revolutionary War raid on the frontier settlement of Cobleskill on May 30, 1778. The Cobleskill militia, along with a few Continentals, were having a meeting at George Warner's house when the lookout spotted a party of Native Americans walking past. The soldiers pursued the Indians for a couple of miles when an army of 300-400 Indians, led by Joseph Brant, opened fire on the rebels. Of the 40 or so rebels, only about 11 got away without any major injuries.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which   is land and   (0.49%) is water.

Cobleskill Creek flows eastward through the town. Interstate 88 passes across the town.  New York State Route 145 is an east–west highway, which runs conjointly with New York State Route 10 near Cobleskill village. Both the Interstate and NY-10 follow a route similar to Cobleskill Creek.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 6,407 people, 2,270 households, and 1,287 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 2,509 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 94.76% White, 3.62% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 1.01% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.53% from other races, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.34% of the population.

There were 2,270 households, out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.3% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 18.4% under the age of 18, 24.9% from 18 to 24, 20.6% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,764, and the median income for a family was $46,875. Males had a median income of $32,708 versus $24,864 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,246. About 9.2% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.1% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture

Annual cultural events
Two annual festivals held in Cobleskill are the Schoharie County Maple Festival and the Sunshine Fair.

Tourism
Two cavern complexes are located just outside Cobleskill and are open to tourists: Howe Caverns and Secret Caverns. Both are north of I-88 and Howes Cave. The Secret Caverns is located just outside Cobleskill, and was formed during the last Ice Age. The caverns were discovered in 1928, and include a 100-foot underground waterfall. Howe Caverns is 156 feet below ground.

Media

Times Journal of Cobleskill—weekly newspaper which is published every Wednesday.
WCSQ-LP—Radio Cobleskill 105.9 FM, local radio station

Notable people

 George H. Durand, U. S. Representative from Michigan
 Boris McGiver, actor, born in Cobleskill.
 Harvey Putnam, U. S. Representative from New York

Communities and locations in the Town of Cobleskill
Barnerville – A hamlet in the eastern part of the town, west of Bramanville on County Road 8.
Bramanville – A hamlet in the eastern section of the town, west of Howes Cave on County Road 8. The Bramanville Mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
Cobleskill – A village located at the junction of NY-10 and NY-145 in the western part of the town.
Cobleskill Reservoir – A reservoir east of Mineral Springs.
East Cobleskill – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town at the town line on NY-145.
Greenbush  – A location south of Mineral Springs.
Howe's Cave – A hamlet near the eastern town line on County Road 8. The name is taken from that of from early settler Lester Howe.
Lawyersville – A hamlet northwest of Cobleskill village, located on NY-145. The village is named after some early settlers.
Mineral Springs – A hamlet south of Cobleskill village. It was originally called "Frances Corners."
Russell Lake – A small lake at the northwestern corner of Cobleskill.
Sagendorf Corners – A location north of Howes Cave.
Shutts Corners – A location northeast of Cobleskill village.

See also

 Cobleskill-Richmondville Central School District

References

External links

 Town of Cobleskill page at Schoharie County website
 Early history of Cobleskill
 SUNY Cobleskill

Towns in Schoharie County, New York
Towns in New York (state)


The Big Read (, trans. Golyamoto chetene) was a survey initiated by the Bulgarian National Television, the goal of which was to find the favorite book of Bulgarians. Based on the BBC campaign of 2003, Golyamoto chetene started in October 2008 and finished on 25 March 2009 with the announcement of the winner. Initially Bulgarian public voted for any book they wished. Based on those votes a list of the top 100 books was drawn up. The 12 books that headed the list were put forward for further voting, which had to determine the winner.

Top twelve

Winners by nationality

References and notes

External links
Official website of the "Big Read - Bulgaria"

Bulgarian literature
Book promotion
Literacy
Community building
Lists of novels


The Wabash Trail is a  rail trail in Sangamon County, Illinois.  It was built by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) and occupies an abandoned Wabash Railroad right-of-way on the southwest side of Springfield, Illinois, stretching eastward from Robbins Road () to the Wabash Trail Parking on South Park Avenue (), linking with the northern terminus of the Interurban Trail. Upkeep and policing of the trail are managed by the Springfield Park District.

References

Rail trails in Illinois
Protected areas of Sangamon County, Illinois


Olyra collettii is a species of longtail catfish.  This species grows to  in standard length.  This species is possibly a junior synonym of Olyra longicaudata.

References

Bagridae
Fish of Asia
Fish described in 1881


Olyra horae is a species of longtail catfish native to India where it occurs in Meghalaya and Myanmar where it is found in Indawgyi Lake.  This species grows to  in total length.

References

Bagridae
Fish of India
Fish of Myanmar
Fish described in 1929


Tres mujeres en la hoguera (English: Three women in a bonfire) is a 1976 Mexican thriller film.

Synopsis
Rich Alex and his wife Mané invite a couple (Gloria and her lover Susy) to their house in the Pacific coast of Mexico (Puerto Vallarta) to spend a spring break there.

Cast
Maricruz Olivier — Gloria
Pilar Pellicer — Mané
Maritza Olivares — Susy
Rogelio Guerra — Alex
Enrique Muñoz
Carlos Bravo y Fernández
Daniela Romo — Peggy

Notes

External links

1976 films
1970s Spanish-language films
1970s thriller films
Mexican LGBT-related films
Films directed by Abel Salazar
Mexican thriller films
LGBT-related thriller films
1976 LGBT-related films
1970s Mexican films


Olyra kempi is a species of longtail catfish native to Bangladesh and India where it is found in Mangaldai in Assam.  This species grows to  in total length.

References

Bagridae
Fish of Bangladesh
Fish of India
Fish described in 1912


"Younger Girl" is a song written by John Sebastian and originally recorded by his band, the Lovin' Spoonful, for their 1965 debut album Do You Believe in Magic. The tune and lyric are based upon "Prison Wall Blues" (1930) by Cannon's Jug Stompers.

Two versions charted in the U.S., both released in 1966. The American pop group the Critters' version (Kapp 752), the title track from their debut LP, reached number 42 on Billboard's Hot 100 and number 21 on the Cash Box Top 100, peaking on both charts on July 9. On the UK Singles Chart, it reached number 38. The song was also covered by the West Coast studio group and surf act The Hondells (Mercury 72563), peaking July 2, at number 52 Billboard and number 38 ''Cash Box.

Chart performance
The Critters version

The Hondells version

References

1965 songs
1966 singles
The Lovin' Spoonful songs
Songs written by John Sebastian
Song recordings produced by Artie Ripp


Olyra longicaudata is a species of longtail catfish native to India where it occurs in Darjelling Himalaya in Assam, and Myanmar, where it occurs in Tenassarim.  This species grows to a length of  in standard length.

References

Bagridae
Fish of India
Fish of Myanmar
Taxa named by John McClelland (doctor)
Fish described in 1842


Walter Ernest Smith (25 March 1884 – 1972) was an English football goalkeeper who played for Leicester Fosse and Manchester City before World War I, and played for Port Vale, Plymouth Argyle, and Grimsby Town after the war. He helped Manchester City to win the Second Division title in 1909–10.

Career
Smith played for Leicester Imperial and Leicester Fosse, before joining Manchester City for £600 in June 1906. He made 22 First Division and two FA Cup appearances in 1906–07. He was then an ever-present in the 44 game 1907–08 campaign, as the "Citizens" finished third in the league, some nine points behind rivals Manchester United. He featured 39 times in the 1908–09 relegation season. He only played three games however, in the 1909–10 campaign, as City won promotion as champions of the Second Division. He then won back his first team place at Hyde Road, playing 33 matches in the 1910–11 season. He featured just 12 times in 1911–12, as he shared goalkeeping duties with Augustus Beeby and Jim Goodchild. He featured just 13 times in the 1912–13 season, as Goodchild established himself as the club's preferred stopper. Smith regained his place in 1913–14, missing just two of City's 44 matches. He played 41 games in 1914–15, in the last season before World War I put a temporary halt to the Football League. He made 13 appearances in the 1915–16, 1916–17, and 1918–19 wartime leagues. He also guested for Fulham and Leicester Fosse during the war. At the end of hostilities, Goodchild became City's number one, and limited Smith to nine appearances in 1919–20.

He joined Second Division Port Vale in October 1920 for a 'modest' fee. However, the morning of his debut game on South Shields on 23 October he was arrested on assault charges against a chambermaid at the hotel where the team had spent the night. After being released on bail he played the game with a detective standing in the crowd, possibly distracting the team as they went on to lose 6–1. He was found not guilty at his trial in November 1920 and went on to have a successful career with the club. He featured 29 times in the 1920–21 season, ahead of back-up goalkeepers Alfred Bourne and Jonathan Hammond. He played 13 games in the 1921–22 campaign, before he seriously injured his leg in a 4–1 defeat by Coventry City at Highfield Road on 31 December. Teddy Peers was signed to take his place, and Smith failed to regain his first team place upon his recovery. He was released at the end of the season, but despite being 38 did not retire. Instead he moved on to Plymouth Argyle and later turned out for Grimsby Town.

Career statistics
Source:

Honours
Manchester City
Football League Second Division: 1909–10

References

1884 births
1972 deaths
Footballers from Leicester
English men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Leicester City F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Fulham F.C. wartime guest players
Leicester City F.C. wartime guest players
Port Vale F.C. players
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
English Football League players
English Football League representative players


23 Avenue NW is a major arterial road in south Edmonton. It runs through several neighbourhoods including Mill Woods and The Meadows, and commercial areas including South Edmonton Common, and Mill Woods Town Centre. In September 2011, construction completed of an interchange at the intersection with Calgary Trail & Gateway Boulevard (Highway 2); considered Edmonton's busiest intersection. Because Edmonton has adapted a quadrant system, the suffix NW is sometimes added to addresses, to avoid confusion with addresses south of Quadrant (1) Avenue.

The Capital Line of the LRT ends at Century Park station in the median of 111 Street just north of its intersection with 23 Avenue. There was a proposal to extend the line east along 23 Avenue to Mill Woods Town Centre; however, it was not adopted in favour of the Valley Line, which runs north from Mill Woods Town Centre, and a possible BRT between the two LRT stations.

History
23 Avenue used extend east from south Edmonton into Strathcona County. It was part of a western segment of Secondary Highway 629 between Edmonton city limits and Highway 14, but it was decommissioned as part of the 1982 general annexation. The intersection with Highway 14 was signalised until it was removed as part of the southeast Anthony Henday Drive construction; part of the project included construction of a flyover over Anthony Henday Drive, presently considered part of 34 Avenue. As part of the Tamarack Neighbourhood Area Structure Plan, 23 Avenue will be realigned east of 17 Street and link with the flyover; which currently ends at Tamarack Boulevard.

A western segment of 23 Avenue existed west of the North Saskatchewan River and became Highway 627 when it left Edmonton. It was renamed Maskêkosihk Trail in February 2016 to honour Cree heritage.

Neighbourhoods
List of neighbourhoods 23 Avenue NW runs through, in order from west to east:
Haddow
Terwillegar Towne
Leger
Magrath Heights Area
Hodgson
Blue Quill Estates
Blue Quill
Skyrattler
Ermineskin
Keheewin
Satoo
Meyonohk
Ekota
Meyokumin
Mill Woods Town Centre
Weinlos
Pollard Meadows
Bisset
Daly Grove
Silver Berry
Tamarack

Major intersections
This is a list of major intersections, starting at the west end of 23 Avenue NW.

See also

 List of avenues in Edmonton
 Transportation in Edmonton

References

Roads in Edmonton


Rita chrysea, or the Mahanadi rita, is a species of bagrid catfish endemic to India where it inhabits the Mahanadi River system in Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. It is found in rivers and large streams. Spawning occurs during the monsoon months. It grows to a length of 19.5 cm and is commercially fished for human consumption.

References

Bagridae
Catfish of Asia
Endemic fauna of India
Freshwater fish of India
Taxa named by Francis Day
Fish described in 1877


Abronia ameliae, commonly known as Amelia's sand verbena or heart's delight, is a species of flowering plant in the Four O'clock family, Nyctaginaceae, that is endemic to southern Texas in the United States. It inhabits grasslands in the deep sands of the Holocene sand sheet, which is part of the Tamaulipan mezquital. This species was named for Amelia Anderson Lundell, wife of Cyrus Longworth Lundell.

References

External links

ameliae
Endemic flora of Texas
Flora of the Rio Grande valleys
Plants described in 1945


Rita gogra is a species of bagrid catfish endemic to India where it is found in the rivers of the Deccan Plateau up to the Krishna River system. It is an inhabitant of large rivers. It grows to a total length of 26 cm and is commercially fished for human consumption.

References

Bagridae
Catfish of Asia
Freshwater fish of India
Endemic fauna of India
Fish described in 1839
Taxa named by William Henry Sykes


Home study or homestudy may refer to:
Adoption home study, an examination of prospective parents and their home prior to allowing them to adopt
Home study course, distance learning
Home study lesson, Rosicrucian Monographs
Homeschooling
"Home Study" Courses in Traffic school


Rita grandiscutata is an extinct species of catfish of the family Bagridae.

Bagridae


"Your Good Thing (Is About to End)" is a song written by Isaac Hayes and David Porter. The song was originally recorded by Mable John in 1966. It peaked at number 95 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 6 on the R&B Charts.

Lou Rawls recording
In 1969, a version was released as a single by Lou Rawls, from his album The Way It Was: The Way It Is. His version reached number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100, and number 3 on the Hot Rhythm and Blues Singles chart.

Additional cover versions
"Your Good Thing (Is About to End)" has been recorded by various artists for over 50 years.

References

1966 singles
1969 singles
Lou Rawls songs
Songs written by Isaac Hayes
Songs written by David Porter (musician)
1966 songs
Capitol Records singles


Rita kuturnee is a species of bagrid catfish endemic to India where it occurs in the rivers of the Deccan Plateau up to the Krishna River system. It is an inhabitant of large rivers. It grows to a total length of 30 cm and is commercially fished for human consumption.

References

Bagridae
Catfish of Asia
Freshwater fish of India
Endemic fauna of India
Taxa named by William Henry Sykes
Fish described in 1839


The Chablis region of Burgundy is classified according to four tiers of Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) designation. The top two are the crus of Chablis and include the 7 Grand cru vineyards followed by the lower Premier crus. Wines made entirely from fruit from these vineyards are entitled to list their wines as cru classé Chablis on the wine label. Below these tiers are the lower designations of basic Chablis AOC and Petit Chablis. Soil quality and hill slope play a major role in delineating the  differences. Many of the Premier Crus, and all the Grand Crus vineyards, are planted along valley of the Serein river as it flows into the Yonne with the best sites located on a southwest facing slope that receives the maximum amount of sun exposure. All of Chablis' Grand Cru vineyards and many of their better Premier Cru vineyards are planted on primarily Kimmeridgean soil (a composition of limestone, clay and tiny fossilized oyster shells) which is believed to impart more finesse and structure to the wines. Other areas, particularly the vast majority of Petit Chablis vineyards, are planted on slightly younger Portlandian soil.

Grand Cru vineyards
There is one Grand Cru in Chablis with seven officially delineated Grand Cru climats, covering an area of 247 acres (100 hectares), all located on one southwest facing hill overlooking the town of Chablis. There is one vineyard, La Moutonne, located on this hill between the Grand Cru vineyards of Les Preuses and Vaudésir that is considered an "unofficial" Grand Cru and it will appear on wine labels. However, the Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO) does not recognize La Moutonne as a Grand Cru.
Les Preuses
Vaudésir
Grenouilles
Valmur
Les Clos
Blanchot
Bougros
(unofficial) La Moutonne

Premier Crus

At the turn of the 21st century, there were 40 Premier cru vineyards in Chablis. In 2009, the official list was expanded to 89 vineyards. The names of many of these vineyards do not appear on wine labels because of an INAO allowance that permits the use of "umbrella names" - where smaller, lesser known vineyards are allowed to use the name of a nearby more famous Premier cru vineyard. Seventeen of the most well known "umbrella" vineyards are bolded below.

Mont de Milieu - Vallée de Chigot
Montée de Tonnerre - Chapelot, Les Chapelots, Pied d’Aloup, Sous Pied d’Aloup, Côte de Bréchain
Fourchaume - Vaupulent, Vau Pulan, Les Vaupulans, La Fourchaume, Côte de Fontenay, Dine-Chien, L’Homme Mort, La Grande Côte, Bois Seguin, L’Ardillier, Vaulorent, Les Quatre Chemins, La Ferme Couverte, Les Couvertes
Vaillons - Sur les Vaillons, Chatains, Les Grands Chaumes, Les Chatains, Sécher, Beugnons, Les Beugnons, Les Lys, Champlain, Mélinots, Les Minos, Roncières, Les Epinottes
Montmains - Les Monts Mains, Forêts, Les Forêts, Butteaux, Les Bouts des Butteaux, Vaux Miolot, Le Milieu des Butteaux, Les Ecueillis, Vaugerlains
Côte de Léchet - Le Château
Beauroy - Sous Boroy, Vallée des Vaux, Benfer, Troësmes, Côte de Troësmes, Adroit de Vau Renard, Côte de Savant, Le Cotat-Château, Frouquelin, Le Verger
Vauligneau - Vau de Longue, Vau Girault, La Forêt, Sur la Forêt
Vaudevey - La Grande Chaume, Vaux Ragons, Vignes des Vaux Ragons
Vaucoupin - Adroit de Vaucopins
Vosgros - Adroit de Vosgros, Vaugiraut
Les Fourneaux - Morein, Côte des Près Girots, La Côte, Sur la Côte
Côte de Vaubarousse
Berdiot
Chaume de Talvat
Côte de Jouan
Les Beauregards - Hauts des Chambres du Roi, Côte de Cuissy, Les Corvées, Bec d'Oiseau, Vallée de Cuissy

See also
Burgundy wine
List of Burgundy Grand Crus

References

Wine regions of France
Burgundy (historical region) AOCs
Wine-related lists


Rita macracanthus is a species of bagrid catfish found in the Indus River drainage.  It has been recorded from Afghanistan, India and Pakistan.  It grows to a length of 26.3 cm.

R. macracanthus feeds on invertebrates and small fishes.  Its breeding season lasts from June to the end of July, during which the fish migrates to colder waters in shoals.

References

Bagridae
Fish of Asia
Fish of Afghanistan
Fish of India
Fish of Pakistan
Fish described in 2004


Rita rita (Common names: rita (English), রিঠা (Bengali)) is a species of bagrid catfish that is found across southern Asia.  It has been recorded in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan.  It is one of the giants of its genus, growing  a length of 150 cm.  It is commercially fished for human consumption.

R. rita is a sluggish, bottom-dwelling catfish. It inhabits rivers and estuaries, preferring muddy to clear water. It also prefers backwater of quiet eddies.

R. rita is an omnivorous  catfish; the bulk of its diet consists of mollusks. In addition, it feeds on small fishes, crustaceans, insects, as well as on decaying organic matter.

References

Bagridae
Catfish of Asia
Fish of South Asia
Freshwater fish of India
Fish of Afghanistan
Fish of Bangladesh
Fish of Pakistan
Fish described in 1822


The Leeds city centre Loop Road was a one-way traffic route of approximately two miles within the city centre of Leeds, which encircled a large section of the shopping and retail district. It comprised the following eighteen junctions. It stopped functioning as a complete loop when after Leeds City Council closed access to City Square in September 2022.

Junctions

 City Square
 Bank of England
 Town Hall
 Civic Hall
 Cathedral
 St. Johns
 Merrion
 Grand Theatre
 North Street
 Regent Street
 Eastgate
 Quarry Hill
 Crown Point
 Parish Church
 The Calls
 Bridge End
 Sovereign
 Bishopgate

External links
 http://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/4148004

Transport in Leeds
Roads in Leeds
Junctions
Junctions


Thomas Jollie (1629–1703) was an English Dissenter, a minister ejected from the Church of England for his beliefs.

Biography
Thomas Jollie was born at Droylsden, near Manchester, on 14 September 1629, and baptised on 29 September at Gorton Chapel, then in the parish of Manchester. His father, Major James Jollie (1610–1666), was Cromwell’s provost-marshal general of the forces in Lancashire (1642–7), and was nominated (2 October 1646) an elder for Gorton in the first or Manchester classis in the presbyterial arrangement for Lancashire, but did not act, being an independent. He married Elizabeth Hall (d February 1689, aged 92), widow, of Droylsden, whose daughter by the former marriage was wife of Adam Martindale. Thomas Jollie entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1645, two years earlier than Oliver Heywood, with whom he formed a lifelong friendship. He does not seem to have graduated.

First ministry
Having received a unanimous call from the parishioners of Altham, a chapelry in the parish of Whalley, Lancashire, he settled there in September 1649. He formed at Altham despite opposition a gathered church, and ministered there with growing repute. Excommunication was practised in his church with no respect of persons. In 1655 Jennet, daughter of Robert Cunliffe, a member of parliament for Lancashire, was excommunicated for promising marriage to a papist (John Grimshaw) "against the advice of the church."

Arrests
Jollie was one of twenty-one Lancashire ministers, presbyterian and independent, who met at Manchester on 13 July 1659 and subscribed ten articles of a proposed ‘accommodation’ between those two bodies. A further meeting was to have been held in the following September, but all such measures were broken off by the rising under George Booth, 1st Baron Delamer. After the Restoration Jollie got into trouble through not using the prayer-book. Arrested on a warrant from three deputy-lieutenants, he was discharged on taking the oath of supremacy. A second arrest was followed by an attempt to forcibly prevent his preaching. At length he was cited to the bishop's court at Chester, and after three appearances was condemned to suspension. His suspension was delayed by the death of his bishop, Henry Ferne, on 16 March 1662, but was carried into effect so as to prohibit him from preaching on 17 August. On the following Sunday (24 August) the Uniformity Act came into force, and Jollie resigned his living.

After a time he moved to Healey, in Burnley, Lancashire. Here in 1663 he was placed under arrest on suspicion, and was shortly afterwards committed to custody at Skipton, on the charge of keeping a conventicle. Soon after his release he was arrested while riding in Lancashire, and confined in York Castle for some months in the winter. In 1664 he was seized at a conventicle and imprisoned for eleven weeks in Lancaster Castle; in 1665 he was again under arrest. He had a friend in the presbyterian Lady Hoghton, whom he frequently visited at Hoghton Tower, Lancashire. In 1667 he bought the farmhouse of Wymondhouses (Pendleton), at the foot of Pendle Hill, near Clitheroe, in the parish of Whalley, Lancashire. In 1669 he was committed to gaol at Preston for six months, under the Five Miles Act, for preaching near Altham. On the indulgence of 1672 he took out licenses for four preaching places at and about Wymondhouses. An ingenious arrangement of the staircase at Wymondhouses enabled him to evade arrest while preaching there after the revocation of indulgence. He was committed, however, for preaching at Slaidburn, near Clitheroe, in 1674, and was fined £20. In 1684 he was brought before Chief-justice Jeffreys at Preston for keeping conventicles, was bound over to the next assizes, and was then discharged by Baron Atkins. At the revolution he built a meeting-house at Wymondhouses adjoining his residence. In 1689 an additional building was licensed at Sparth, and another later at Newton-in-Bowland, both in the parish of Whalley.

Richard Dugdale
On 28 April 1689 Jollie took up the case of Richard Dugdale, the alleged ‘demoniack’ of Surey, near Clitheroe. He maintained that Dugdale's was ‘as real a possession as any in the gospels.’ With the aid of over twelve nonconforming divines, including Richard Frankland and Oliver Heywood, he tried exorcism by prayer and fasting. The young man's recovery was slow. In a tract of 1697 Jollie ascribed his cure to the prayers of the nonconformists. Zachary Taylor (died 1703), vicar of Ormskirk, son of an ejected minister of the same name, wrote two tracts (1697–9) to expose the ‘popery’ and ‘knavery’ of this business. John Carrington (died 1701), presbyterian minister at Lancaster, who had taken part in the exorcism, came forward in its defence; Frankland and Heywood were significantly silent.

Happy union
Though Jollie was a strong independent and a great stickler for his principles in the matter of ordination, he joined the ‘happy union’ of presbyterians and congregationalists, which was not introduced into Lancashire till 3 April 1693, when it had already been dissolved in London.  At the third meeting (4 Sept. 1694) he was appointed, with Henry Newcome, the Manchester presbyterian, to conduct the correspondence for the county. At the tenth meeting (12 April 1698) he preached the sermon. According to Calamy ‘he drew up a large essay for farther concord amongst evangelical reforming churches.’

Death and family
Thomas died at Wymondhouses on 14 March 1703, and was buried on 18 March at Altham. He was three times a widower before he reached the age of thirty; his fourth wife died 8 June 1675, aged 42. He had two sons, Timothy and Samuel. His portrait hangs in Mansfield College, Oxford, the university's first Nonconformist college. Among his collateral descendants is William Bowland, the current 16th Lord of Bowland.

Publications
He published:
 The Surey Demoniack, 1697. The tract appears to have been drafted by Jollie and expanded by Carrington; the preface, signed by ‘Thomas Jolly’ and five other divines, gives an account of the mysterious loss of the true copy; hence some particulars in this print were subsequently repudiated as inauthentic.
 A Vindication of the Surey Demoniack … By T. J., 1698, (at end is ‘Some Few Passages,’ &c., being the first draft of No. 1).

Curious extracts from an abstract of his Church Book are given by Hunter and Nightingale. Nightingale says the original is lost, but the portion of it from 1670 to 1693 was recovered by Mr. George Neilson of Glasgow.

Notes

References

1629 births
1703 deaths
Ejected English ministers of 1662
Dissenting academy tutors
People from Droylsden


Rita sacerdotum, the Salween rita, is a species of bagrid catfish that occurs in Myanmar and Thailand where it is found in large rivers (such as the Salween River). It is the giant of its genus, reaching a length of .

References

Bagridae
Fish of Asia
Fish of Thailand
Taxa named by John Anderson (zoologist)
Fish described in 1879