David Allen Carter (born March 12, 1967) is an American college basketball coach who is an assistant coach at Loyola Marymount University.

From 1999 to 2009, Carter was an assistant at the University of Nevada, Reno, under Trent Johnson from 1999 to 2004 and Mark Fox from 2004 to 2009, including as associate head coach beginning in 2005.

On April 3, 2009, Carter became head coach after Fox left to become head coach at Georgia.

Carter was fired by the University of Nevada, Reno in March 2015. In June, Carter re-joined Saint Mary's as assistant coach, this time under Randy Bennett. Carter was an assistant at Saint Mary's from 1997 to 1999 under Dave Bollwinkel.

On June 7, 2017, Carter was once again hired by Fox as an assistant coach, this time for Georgia, replacing former assistant Yasir Rosemond. After Fox was fired at the end of the season, Carter was not retained under new head coach Tom Crean.

On June 11, 2018, Carter was hired by San Diego as assistant coach under Sam Scholl.

On April 8, 2020, Carter was announced as a part of Stan Johnson's first coaching staff at Loyola Marymount.

Head coaching record

References

1967 births
Living people
Basketball coaches from California
Basketball players from Los Angeles
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Eastern Washington Eagles men's basketball coaches
Junior college men's basketball coaches in the United States
Nevada Wolf Pack men's basketball coaches
Place of birth missing (living people)
Point guards
Saint Mary's Gaels men's basketball coaches
Saint Mary's Gaels men's basketball players
American men's basketball players


"Grounds for Divorce" is the first single from Elbow's fourth studio album The Seldom Seen Kid.

Song
The song opens with the line:

Uncut magazine said it was "surely one of the best opening lines of any pop song in years" and NME compared it to something James Bond might say "this is kind of glorious one-liner he’d mutter before taking the bad guys down and then smooching a lofty Eastern European countess."
The lyrics tell a story of excessive drinking in the local pub, ("There's a hole in my neighborhood / Down which of late I cannot help but fall") and an unhappy relationship ("And I’d bring you further roses, but it does you no good"). The word whoa is extended as "woah-oh-oh-oh" and repeated throughout the track.

Paste magazine writes: "The track explodes with their heaviest guitar line to date" and Digital Spy described the song as "Perhaps the loudest and most 'rocking' track in Elbow's career, the combination of infectious riffing and emotional wrangling makes this a call-to-arms that's both joyous and cathartic."

The music video was directed by Dan Sully.

Background
The single was released on 10 March 2008 as the band's first release on Fiction Records across two 7" vinyl records and one CD single. The song marked the band's joint-highest charting single at the time, peaking at No. 19 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming also their third UK Top 20 success and their sixth UK Top 40 entry. It was to be bettered four years later by their succeeding single "One Day Like This" - which was performed by the band in the closing ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics, peaking at No. 4 in August 2012. Frontman Guy Garvey told Uncut that "'Grounds for Divorce' was written when I was in an unhappy relationship." Garvey explained the song was about "that feeling of being sick and f***ing tired of everything around you and wanting to get out of there."

Guitarist Mark Potter said he had been playing the riff for years before using it in the song. "You know how most guitarists have something that they play every time they pick up a guitar? Well, that was my one. For 10 years the lads never seemed to notice it. I'd play it and look around the room expectantly and be like, 'Oh well, no reaction again.' Then about two years ago, I played it and Guy [Garvey, vocals] was like, 'What's that?' I said, 'What do you mean what's that? I've been playing it for 10 years!"

Awards
On 21 May 2009, "Grounds for Divorce" won the Ivor Novello award for Best Contemporary Song.

Promotion
"Grounds for Divorce" was featured in a TV advertisement for the video game Left 4 Dead. It is also featured in the trailer for the 2008 Coen Brothers film Burn After Reading.  An instrumental version was also featured on Series 12, Episode 1 of the British motoring show Top Gear and was played at the opening montage which contained clips from the upcoming episodes, as well as in the third episode of the same series.

"Grounds for Divorce" was also featured in the eighth episode for the 5th season, and promos for the sixth season of the TV-show House MD. Also appeared in episode 521 of Rescue Me. It appeared in the soundtrack of DiRT 2, a rallying video game and was also used as the end credits song for an episode of Pete versus Life. In 2009, the riff was used on The Hairy Bikers' Food Tour of Britain TV show, whilst showcasing the professional chef opponent in the taste-off, as well as by The Apprentice contestant Chris Bates, in the final episode of series six in an advert for an alcoholic drink. The song is also on the soundtrack for a 2011 video game, Driver: San Francisco and also on the soundtrack for a 2015 video game, Guitar Hero Live.

In 2019 the song also appeared in the season 1 episode "No One's Gonna Harm You, Not While I'm Around" of The Morning Show, and is used as the closing song.

Track listing
CD single
 "Grounds for Divorce" – 3:40
 "Hotel Istanbul" – 7:01

7" vinyl # 1
 "Grounds for Divorce" – 3:41
 "Our Little Boat" – 2:58

7" vinyl # 2
 "Grounds for Divorce" – 3:41
 "A Regret" – 1:09

Personnel
 Guy Garvey – vocals, percussion
 Mark Potter – guitars, backing vocals
 Craig Potter – piano, synthesizer, percussion, backing vocals
 Pete Turner – bass, backing vocals
 Richard Jupp – drums, percussion, backing vocals

References

Songs about alcohol
Songs about divorce
2008 singles
Elbow (band) songs
Songs written by Guy Garvey
2007 songs
Fiction Records singles


West Coast Bad Boyz II is the third West Coast Bad Boyz compilation released by No Limit Records. It was released on January 28, 1997, and was produced by some of the West Coast's top acts, including Brotha Lynch Hung, C-Bo and JT the Bigga Figga. West Coast Bad Boyz was a success, peaking at number 8 on the Billboard 200 and number 6 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Both the album and its opening song were dedicated to the memory of Tupac Shakur. It is certified Gold by the RIAA.

Track listing

References

Albums produced by E-A-Ski
1997 compilation albums
No Limit Records compilation albums
Priority Records compilation albums
Gangsta rap compilation albums
Albums produced by MC Eiht


Omnes is a Breton surname as well as a Latin word. It may refer to : "everyone" or "all"

People
Philippe Omnes (born August 6, 1960) is a French fencer and olympic champion in foil competition.
Roland Omnès is the author of several books which aim to close the gap between our common sense experience of the classical world and the complex, formal mathematics which is now required to accurately describe reality at its most fundamental level.

Titles and phrases
 Adversus omnes haereses, disambiguation.
 Bellum omnium contra omnes is the description that Thomas Hobbes gives to human existence in the state of nature.
 Erga omnes is frequently used in legal terminology describing obligations or rights toward all.
 extrā omnēs (Latin: 'Out, all of you.', 'Everybody else, out'- at the list of Latin phrases) is a phrase pronounced at the beginning of a conclave when the doors to the Sistine Chapel are shut.
 Etiam si omnes, ego non is the Latin version of a phrase from the Gospel of Matthew.
 Orientales omnes Ecclesias (December 23, 1945) is an encyclical of Pope Pius XII to the faithful of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.
 Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno is known as being the motto of Alexandre Dumas' Three Musketeers and is also the traditional motto of Switzerland.

Places
 Omnes - Hamilton, Ontario is a vintage, streetwear clothing and shoe shop specializing in sneakers and clothing located in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Breton-language surnames


The SIA.9 was an Italian reconnaissance-bomber built by Società Italiana Aviazione, a division of Fiat.

Development
The 9B began as the SIA.7B2 fitted with a much larger engine, the  Fiat A.14. The larger engine increased the aircraft's speed, but also its weight, resulting in only an overall slight increase in maximum speed.

The Italian Navy ordered 200, and received 62 by the end of World War I.

Fiat dropped its SIA name, and manufactured another 129 aircraft under the designation Fiat R.2. These aircraft served until 1925.

Operators

Regia Marina

Specifications

References

1910s Italian military reconnaissance aircraft
Military aircraft of World War I
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1918


Michael English is the self-titled debut album for Contemporary Christian artist Michael English. It was released in 1991.

At the 23rd GMA Dove Awards, Michael English won "New Artist of the Year" and "Male Vocalist of the Year" due to the album.

Track listing

Personnel
 Michael English – vocals
 Shane Keister – keyboards (1, 3, 4), Hammond B3 organ (5), acoustic piano (9)
 Blair Masters – keyboards (1, 2, 4, 6), drum programming (2, 6), arrangements (2, 6), additional keyboards (3, 8, 9), Hammond B3 organ (10)
 Dann Huff – guitars (1, 3, 4, 5, 9)
 Tom Hemby – guitars (2, 3, 5, 6, 9)
 Tommy Sims – bass (1, 3, 9), keyboards (7-10), guitars (7), drum programming (7, 8, 10), arrangements (7, 8, 10), backing vocals (9, 10)
 Jackie Street – fretless bass (2)
 Mike Brignardello – bass (4, 5)
 Paul Leim – drums (1, 3, 4, 5, 9)
 Eric Darken – percussion (3, 8), tambourine (9)
 Mark Douthit – saxophones (1, 5, 6)
 Marty Paoletta – saxophone (10)
 Barry Green – trombone (1, 5, 6)
 Mike Haynes – trumpet (1, 5, 6)
 Mike Morris – horn arrangements (1, 5, 6)
 Brown Bannister – arrangements (2)
 Chris Harris – backing vocals (1, 3)
 Donna McElroy – backing vocals (1, 6)
 Chris Rodriguez – backing vocals (1, 6, 9, 10)
 Wayne Kirkpatrick – backing vocals (3)
 Mark Heimmerman – backing vocals (3, 6)
 Wayburn Dean – backing vocals (5, 7)
 George Pendergrass – backing vocals (5, 7)
 The Brooklyn Tabernacle Choir – backing vocals (7, 10)
 Kim Fleming – backing vocals (9, 10)
 Vicki Hampton – backing vocals (9, 10)

Production
 Neal Joseph – executive producer
 Brown Bannister – producer, overdub engineer
 Jeff Balding – track recording
 Bill Deaton – track recording, overdub engineer, mixing (1-4)
 Billy Whittington – track recording, overdub engineer, mixing (5-10)
 Steve Bishir – overdub engineer
 Dan Rudin – overdub engineer
 Greg Parker – assistant engineer
 Carry Summers – assistant engineer
 Craig White – assistant engineer
 Doug Sax – mastering
 Traci Sterling – production coordinator
 Bill Brunt – art direction, design
 Laura LiPuma Nash – art direction
 Mark Tucker – photography
 Breon Reynolds – make-up
 Norman Miller at Proper Management – management

Studios
 Recorded at The Dugout, OmniSound Studios and Quad Studios (Nashville, Tennessee); Kaleidoscope Sound (Bellevue, Tennessee); East Side Sound (New York City, New York).
 Mixed at MasterMix and Back Stage Studios (Nashville, Tennessee).
 Mastered at The Mastering Lab (Hollywood, California).

References

External links
Michael English at AllMusic

1992 debut albums
Michael English (American singer) albums


"One Day Like This" is the second single from English band Elbow's fourth studio album, The Seldom Seen Kid, released on 2 June 2008 on two 7-inch vinyl records and one CD single.

On 21 May 2009, the song won the Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically. In October 2011, NME placed it at number 41 on its list of "150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years". After featuring in the 2012 Summer Olympics Closing Ceremony, the single peaked at No. 4 in the United Kingdom—a new high for the song and for the band.

Background
The chorus line lyric "one day like this a year would see me right" had been in singer Guy Garvey's diary for several years before the song was written. Speaking in 2014 about the song, Garvey said, "We put the chords behind it and realised it was going to be the hook of all hooks. I was like, 'what do we think?'... It was, 'it's kind of similar to "Hey Jude", isn't it?' I was like, 'yeah, and it's also similar to "Loaded" by Primal Scream, and we like both those songs, don't we?' So isn't it just generous to do that, isn't it a satisfying thing for the listener?... And my God, how it changed our fortunes."

Chart performance
"One Day Like This" debuted at No. 39 in the UK Singles Chart on 8 June 2008, marking Elbow's seventh UK top-40 single. After 14 weeks, the single finally peaked at No. 35 on 14 September 2008. Due to the band's increasing popularity in the UK after winning their 2009 BRIT Award for Best British band, "One Day Like This" spent more weeks in the UK top 75 than any of Elbow's other singles with 31 weeks in five runs by the end of 2014, peaking at No. 4 in August 2012 following their appearance at the closing ceremony of the London Olympics. In February 2021, it was certified double Platinum in the UK by the BPI. It also charted in the Flanders region of Belgium in July 2009, when it peaked at No. 19 on the region's Ultratop chart.

Music video
The promotional video for the song was directed by Rigan Ledwidge. It features a man (David Lemke, an employee at the time of guerilla marketing franchise AArrow Advertising) at a busy road junction, holding a red sign in the shape of a pointing arrow, containing the words "Condos - Now Selling".  As he stands at the junction, he turns the sign around many times, pointing it in all directions, including flipping it in the air and spinning it on his head, whilst the motorists, pedestrians and skateboarders pass by.

Track listings
CD single

7-inch vinyl 1

7-inch vinyl 2

Credits
Producer – Craig Potter, Elbow
Words By – Guy Garvey
Written By – Elbow

Charts

Certifications

Cover versions
Snow Patrol covered "One Day Like This" on Jo Whiley's "Live Lounge on Tour", and was released as a limited edition b-side of "Crack the Shutters". An excerpt from the song is included in "The Official BBC Children in Need Medley", a charity single performed by Peter Kay's Animated All Star Band, released on 21 November 2009. The excerpt segues from "Hey Jude"—a similarity pointed out by Garvey.

Sarah Brightman version

"One Day Like This" was the second single from Sarah Brightman's eleventh studio album, Dreamchaser, released on 15 April (16 January in Japan), 2013, and produced by Mike Hedges and Sally Herbert.

Track listing

Music video
This music video starts with Sarah in her purple kimono setting her own tea for breakfast. She then dresses herself up in black and gold and has her hair tied in an updo and she puts on her space helmet for the rest.

References

2008 singles
2008 songs
2012 singles
Elbow (band) songs
Fiction Records singles
Sarah Brightman songs
Songs written by Guy Garvey


Hanne Heuch (born 1 June 1954) is a Norwegian ceramist.

She was born in Oslo, and is the great-granddaughter of bishop Johan Christian Heuch. She took her education at the Norwegian National Academy of Crafts and Design (now a part of the Bergen National Academy of the Arts) and Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry. She was a professor at the Academy of Crafts and Design from 1988 to 1994, and is among Norway's foremost ceramists.

References

1954 births
Living people
Norwegian artists
Norwegian women artists
Bergen Academy of Art and Design alumni
Oslo National Academy of the Arts alumni
Academic staff of the Bergen Academy of Art and Design
Artists from Oslo
Norwegian women academics


Fort Richmond is a provincial electoral division in the southern suburban part of Winnipeg in the  Canadian province of Manitoba. It was formed by redistribution in 2008 out of parts of the electoral divisions of St. Norbert and Fort Garry.

, it is bordered by the ridings of Fort Garry on the north, Riel on the east, Seine River on the south, and  Waverley on the west. The riding's population in 2006 was 20,750. Located in the riding is the University of Manitoba, the largest post-secondary school in the province.

List of provincial representatives

Electoral results

2023 general election

2019 general election

2016 general election

2011 general election

References

Manitoba provincial electoral districts
Politics of Winnipeg


WTPS may refer to:
 WTPS Police, A Stand Alone First Nation Police Service situated on the Wiikwemikong Territory of Central Ontario on Manitoulin Island.
 WTPS (AM), a radio station (1240 AM) licensed to Petersburg, Virginia, United States
 WTPS-FM and WTPS (AM), a pair of radio stations operated by The Times-Picayune newspaper from 1947 to 1958 in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
 WTPS-LP, a low-power radio station (94.1 FM) licensed to Napoleon, Ohio, United States
 WQOS (AM), a radio station (1080 AM) licensed to Coral Gables, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WTPS from January 2006 to October 2007
 What the Papers Say, long-running British television show (1956–2008)


Peter Andreas Heuch (18 April 1756 – 5 December 1825) was a Norwegian merchant.

Heuch was a ship-owner based in the coastal town of Kragerø  in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway. He was among the wealthiest persons in Southern Norway. He also helped found the Royal Frederick University (now University of Oslo) in 1811.

He was the father of merchant and politician Johan Christian Heuch, Sr. and thus a grandfather of bishop and politician Johan Christian Heuch.

References

1756 births
1825 deaths
Norwegian merchants
Norwegian businesspeople in shipping
People from Kragerø
18th-century Norwegian businesspeople
19th-century Norwegian businesspeople


The 2009 Islamabad Frontier Corps post bombing was a suicide attack that took place on the Pakistan paramilitary Frontier Corps (FC) post at Jinnah Super Market in Sector E/7 of the Margalla area of Islamabad on Saturday, 4 April 2009. Five people were killed and five were injured. Policemen were taking dinner at the time.

Reaction
"The suicide bomber came from behind the bushes when the FC personnel broke for dinner and got a chance to detonate the device" said Interior Advisor Rehman.

See also
Violence in Pakistan 2006-09, table and map providing overview of all violence in Pakistan between 2006 and 2009.
War in Northwest Pakistan

References

2009 murders in Pakistan
21st-century mass murder in Pakistan
Terrorist incidents in Pakistan in 2009
Mass murder in 2009
Suicide bombings in Pakistan
Terrorist incidents in Islamabad


Conflicts took place in North Africa during World War I (1914–1918) between the Central Powers and the Entente and its allies. The Senussi of Libya sided with the Ottoman Empire and the German Empire against the British Empire and the Kingdom of Italy. On 14 November 1914, the Ottoman Sultan proclaimed a jihad and sought to create a diversion to draw British troops from the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. Italy wished to preserve its gains from the Italo-Turkish War. The Senussi Campaign took place in North Africa from 23 November 1915 to February 1917.

In the summer of 1915, the Ottoman Empire persuaded the Grand Senussi Ahmed Sharif to attack British-occupied Egypt from the west, raise jihad and encourage an insurrection in support of an Ottoman offensive against the Suez Canal from the east. The Senussi crossed the Libyan–Egyptian border at the coast in November 1915. British imperial forces withdrew at first and then defeated the Senussi in several engagements, including the action of Agagia. The British recaptured the territory along the coast by March 1916, with the Western Frontier Force of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, which included the 1st South African Infantry Brigade.

Further west, the inhabitants of areas recently conquered or seized by European powers from the Ottoman Empire, exploited the unsettled conditions caused by the war in Europe to regain control of their lands. Uprisings such as the Zaian War, Volta-Bani War and the Kaocen Revolt took place in Morocco and other parts of West Africa against the French colonialists, some of which lasted longer than the war. In Sudan, the Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition took place against the Sultan of Darfur, who was believed to have prepared an invasion of Egypt, to be synchronised with Senussi operations on the western frontier. Operations by the British were conducted by small numbers of men equipped with motor vehicles, aircraft and wireless, which multiplied their effectiveness; the speed of their manoeuvres frequently enabled them to surprise their opponents.

Background

German and Ottoman strategy
In 1914, the Central Powers began a peripheral strategy, which had antecedents in the concept of Weltpolitik, the thinking of the Imperial German Navy in the 1900s during the Anglo-German naval arms race, and in the writings of advocates of a German colonial empire. The possibility of encouraging revolutionary warfare among the peoples of the European colonial empires; Muslims, Irish, Jews, Poles, the peoples of the Baltic littoral, Ukrainians, Georgians and eventually the Bolsheviks, had considerable appeal. The founding of a great German empire was not contemplated, but military weakness in Europe led to an attempt to turn colonial inferiority into an advantage. On 20 August 1914, Moltke wrote to the Foreign Office, demanding Islamic revolutions in Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria. The means to bring about change in the non-European world were limited, with little expertise, few men and little equipment to spare from Europe and exiguous overland routes to the outside world.

Moltke expected diplomats to create pro-independence armies, as the Foreign Office pursued a pan-Islamic strategy, using the Ottoman Empire and its army as the means. The Ottomans entered the war to escape from European domination, rather than as a German proxy and had imperial ambitions in North Africa, Central Asia and the Near East. In October 1914, Enver Pasha devised a war plan which included a jihad and an invasion of Egypt. On 14 November 1914, Sheikh-ul-Islam declared holy war, called on all Muslims to fight the Entente and allied powers, but not Italy (which was neutral at the time), and excluded Muslims under the rule of Germany or Austria-Hungary. The Sheikh urged the peoples of the European colonial empires to join in, a message which reached North, East and West Africa. Enver ordered the Teskilat-i Mahsusa (Special Organisation) to conduct propaganda, subversion, terrorism and sabotage, based on the precedent of the war in Libya against the Italians.

Allied strategy
European colonial powers had apprehensions about the possibility of jihad before 1914; Clemenceau had predicted it in 1912, if war broke out between the Great Powers. In August 1914, Charles Lutaud, the Governor of Algeria expected a rebellion and on 5 November, tried to forestall the Ottoman call to arms, by presenting the Ottomans as German puppets. The French were assisted by Royal Navy code breaking, to anticipate landings from German U-boats and negate the intriguing of the Central Powers. French prestige after the Moroccan Crises reduced the likelihood of attempts to overthrow the colonial regime and German prisoners of war, were used as forced labour in Morocco and Algeria, to display French military prowess. Most of the French regular troops were sent to France in 1914 and replaced by Territorial troops in Morocco but on the frontier of Algeria and Libya, Senussi operations against the Italian army led the French to allow the garrisons of Ghadames and Ghat to retreat into Algeria and then be rearmed to re-capture Ghadames in January 1915, as part of the French policy of drawing Italy into the war.

North Africa in 1914
Before 1906, when the Senussi became involved in resistance against the French, they had been a "relatively peaceful religious sect of the Sahara Desert, opposed to fanaticism".  When the Italians invaded Libya in 1911, occupying the coast, the Senussi resisted the Italians from the interior of the country. During their resistance against the Italians, the Senussi maintained generally friendly relations with the British in Egypt. The region had been annexed by Italy in 1911 after the Italo-Turkish War and by France in 1912 and control had not been consolidated by the Italians when the war began in Europe. After the loss of the province of Trablusgarp to Italy in the war of  local Sanusi people continued with their resistance against the Italians. Fighting was conducted by Sanusi militia under the leadership of Ahmad al-Sharif, whose followers in Fezzan (southwest Libya) and southern Tripolitania prevented Italian consolidation their hold on these regions. The Ottoman government never ceased to provide assistance to the local tribesmen in the region.

Military operations

Morocco

Zaian War, 1914–1921

Attempts were made by Germany and the Ottomans to influence conditions in the French colonies, by intriguing with potentates who had been ousted by the French. Spanish authorities in the region informally tolerated the distribution of propaganda and money but a German plot to smuggle 5,000 rifles and 500,000 bullets through Spain was thwarted. The  maintained several agents in North Africa but had only two in Morocco. The Zaian War was fought between France and the Zaian confederation of Berber tribes in French Morocco between 1914 and 1921. Morocco had become a French protectorate in 1912 and the French army extended French influence eastwards through the Middle Atlas mountains towards French Algeria. The Zaians, led by Mouha ou Hammou Zayani quickly lost the towns of Taza and Khénifra but managed to inflict many casualties on the French, who responded by establishing , combined arms formations of regular and irregular infantry, cavalry and artillery. By 1914 the French had  in Morocco but two-thirds were withdrawn from 1914 to 1915 for service in France and more than  soldiers were killed at the Battle of El Herri on 13 November 1914. Hubert Lyautey the French governor reorganised his forces and pursued a forward policy rather than passive defence. The French regained most of the lost territory, despite intelligence and financial support from the Central Powers to the Zaian Confederation and raids which caused losses to the French, when already short of manpower.

French West Africa

Kaocen Revolt

The Sanusiya leadership in the Fezzan town of Kufra Oasis, declared Jihad against the French colonialists in October 1914. The Sultan of Agadez convinced the French that the Tuareg remained loyal but the followers of the Kaocen besieged the garrison on 17 December 1916.  Kaocen, his brother Mokhtar Kodogo and  Tuareg raiders, armed with rifles and a field gun defeated several French relief columns. The Tuareg seized the main towns of the Aïr (modern northern Niger), including Ingall, Assodé and Aouderas. On 3 March 1917, a large French force from Zinder relieved the Agadez garrison and began to recapture the towns. Mass reprisals were taken against the town populations, especially against marabouts, though many were neither Tuareg or rebels and the French summarily murdered  in public in Agadez and Ingal. Kaocen fled north; in 1919 he was killed in Mourzouk. Mokhtar Kodogo was killed by the French in 1920, after leading a revolt by the Toubou and Fula in the Sultanate of Damagaram.

Volta-Bani War

A major uprising against the French took place in the south of Upper Senegal and Niger in 1915–16. The conflict remains little known because of wartime censorship. After the war, in 1919, the affected region was split off to form its own colony, Upper Volta (modern Burkina Faso).

Egypt–Libya

Senussi Campaign

Britain declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 5 November 1914 and in the summer of 1915, Turkish envoys, including Nuri Bey, brother of Enver Pasha and Jaafar Pasha, a Baghdadi Arab serving in the Turkish army, negotiated an agreement with the Grand Senussi, Sayyid Ahmed ash-Sharif. The Senussi planned to attack the British in Egypt from the west, during the Ottoman offensive through Palestine against the Suez Canal. By late 1915, many of the British forces in Egypt had been sent to Gallipoli and Mesopotamia; western Egypt was garrisoned by the Egyptian coastguard. The Ottomans and Germans delivered modern weaponry by submarine to the Senussi. German and Turkish officers were also transported by submarine and landed on 19 May 1915 to the west of Sollum and set up headquarters at Siwa.

The Senussi raised  and other irregular troops, equipped with Turkish artillery and machine-guns, for campaigns along the coast. An offensive led to attacks on Sollum, Mersa Matruh and Da'aba on the way to Alexandria and from Siwa through the band of oases of Bahariya, Farafra, Dakhla and Kharga  west of the Nile. The Senussi crossed the Egyptian–Libyan border on 21 November 1915 to begin the coastal campaign. At the border,  attacked a frontier post and were repulsed. In February 1916, Sayed Ahmed accompanied the Senussi against the band of oases. Several oases were captured and then lost in October 1916 to British forces; the Senussi retired from Egypt in February 1917. In November Senussi forces occupied Jaafar.

Coastal operations

On 6 November the German submarine  torpedoed and sank a steamer  in the Bay of Sollum. The U-boat surfaced, sank the coastguard gunboat Abbas and badly damaged Nur el Bahr with its deck gun. On 14 November the Senussi attacked an Egyptian position at Sollum and on the night of 17 November a party of Senussi fired into Sollum, as another party cut the coast telegraph line. Next night a monastery at Sidi Barrani,  beyond Sollum was occupied by 300  and on the night of 19 November, a coastguard was killed. An Egyptian post was attacked  east of Sollum on 20 November. The British withdrew from Sollum to Mersa Matruh,  further east, which had better facilities for a base and the Western Frontier Force was created.

On 11 December, a British column sent to Duwwar Hussein, was attacked along the Matruh–Sollum track and in the Affair of Wadi Senba, drove the Senussi out of the wadi. The reconnaissance continued and on 13 December at Wadi Hasheifiat, the British were attacked again and held up until artillery came into action in the afternoon and forced the Senussi to retreat. The British returned to Matruh until 25 December and then made a night advance to surprise the Senussi. At the Affair of Wadi Majid, the Senussi were defeated but were able to withdraw to the west. Air reconnaissance found more Senussi encampments in the vicinity of Matruh at Halazin, which was attacked on 23 January, in the Affair of Halazin. The Senussi fell back skilfully and then attempted to envelop the British flanks. The British were pushed back on the flanks as the centre advanced and defeated the main body of Senussi, who were again able to withdraw.

In February 1916, the Western Frontier Force was reinforced and a British column was sent west along the coast to re-capture Sollum. Air reconnaissance discovered a Senussi encampment at Agagia, which was attacked in the action of Agagia on 26 February. The Senussi were defeated and then intercepted by the Dorset Yeomanry who charged across open ground swept by machine-gun and rifle fire as the Senussi withdrew. The British lost half their horses and  men but prevented the Senussi from slipping away. Jaafar Pasha the commander of the Senussi forces on the coast was captured and Sollum was re-occupied by British forces on 14 March 1916, which concluded the coastal campaign.

Band of Oases
On 11 February 1916 the Senussi and Sayyid Ahmed ash-Sharif occupied the oasis at Bahariya, which was then subject to bombing raids by RAF aircraft. The oasis at Farafra was occupied at the same time and then the Senussi moved on to the oasis at Dakhla on 27 February. The British responded by forming the Southern Force at Beni Suef. Egyptian officials at Kharga were withdrawn and the oasis was occupied by the Senussi, until they withdrew without being attacked. The British reoccupied the oasis on 15 April and began to extend the light railway, which terminated at Kharga to the Moghara Oasis. The mainly Australian Imperial Camel Corps patrolling on camels and in light Ford cars, cut off the Senussi from the Nile Valley. Preparations to attack the oasis at Bahariya were detected by the Senussi garrison, which withdrew to Siwa in early October. The Southern Force attacked the Senussi in the Affairs in the Dakhla Oasis  after which the Senussi retreated to their base at Siwa.

In January 1917, a British column including the Light Armoured Car Brigade with Rolls-Royce Armoured Cars and three Light Car Patrols was dispatched to Siwa. On 3 February, the armoured cars surprised and engaged the Senussi at Girba, who retreated overnight. Siwa was entered on 4 February, unopposed but a British ambush party at the Munassib Pass was foiled, when the escarpment was found to be too steep for the armoured cars. The light cars managed to descend the escarpment and captured a convoy on 4 February. Next day the Senussi from Girba were intercepted but managed to establish a post which the cars were unable to reach and then warned off the rest of the Senussi. The British force returned to Matruh on 8 February and Sayyid Ahmed withdrew to Jaghbub. Negotiations between Sayed Idris and the Anglo–-Italians which had begun in late January were galvanised by news of the Senussi defeat at Siwa. In the Accords of Akramah, Idris accepted the British terms on 12 April and those of Italy on 14 April.

Sudan

Darfur Expedition

On 1 March 1916 hostilities began between the Sudanese government and the Sultan of Darfur. The Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition was conducted, to forestall an imagined invasion of Sudan and Egypt, by the Darfurian leader Sultan Ali Dinar, which was believed to have been synchronised with a Senussi advance into Egypt from the west. The Sirdar (commander) of the Egyptian Army, organised a force of  men at Rahad, a railhead  east of the Darfur frontier. On 16 March, the force crossed the frontier in lorries from a forward base established at Nahud,  from the border, with the support of four aircraft. By May, the force was close to the Darfur capital of El Fasher. At the Affair of Beringia on 22 May, the Fur Army was defeated and the Anglo-Egyptian force captured the capital the next day. Dinar and  had left and as they moved south, were bombed from the air.

French troops in Chad, who had returned from the Kamerun campaign, prevented a Darfurian withdrawal westwards. Dinar withdrew into the Marra Mountains  south of El Fasher and sent envoys to discuss terms but the British believed he was prevaricating and ended the talks on 1 August. Internal dissension reduced the force with Dinar to  men; Anglo-Egyptian outposts were pushed out from El Fasher, to the west and south-west after the August rains. A skirmish took place at Dibbis on 13 October and Dinar opened negotiations but was again suspected of bad faith. Dinar fled south-west to Gyuba and a small force was sent in pursuit. At dawn on 6 November, a combined Anglo-Egyptian forced attacked in the Affair of Gyuba and Dinar's remaining followers scattered and the body of the Sultan was found  from the camp. After the expedition, Darfur was incorporated into Sudan.

Notes

Footnotes

References

Books

Journals

Further reading

Books

Encyclopaedias

Journals

External links

 Le Operazione Militari in Libia e Nel Sahara 1914–1918 di Alberto Rosselli (in Italian)
 La disfatta di Gasr Bu Hàdi

Ottoman Empire in World War I
British Empire in World War I
German Empire in World War I
Egypt in World War I
Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
Sinai and Palestine
Military campaigns and theatres of World War I involving Australia
Military history of Italy during World War I
Conflicts in 1915
Conflicts in 1916
Conflicts in 1917
Conflicts in 1918
1915 in Egypt
1916 in Egypt


The Definitive Rock Collection may refer to:

 The Definitive Rock Collection (Dokken album), 2006
 The Definitive Rock Collection (White Lion album), 2007
 The Definitive Rock Collection (Faces album), 2007


Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway or Guangzhu intercity railway () is a dedicated, grade-separated regional railway linking Guangzhou South railway station in Panyu, Guangzhou, Jiangmen railway station in Xinhui, Jiangmen,and Zhuhai Jinwan Airport in Zhuhai, via Shunde, Zhongshan and Jiangmen, in Guangdong province. It is the first line completed in the Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway network. It is operated by China Railway Guangzhou Group.

Overview
The railway has partly started operations in January 2011. It will be divided into three parts with a total of 27 stations. Its main line between Guangzhou and Zhuhai City, via Shunde and Zhongshan, is  long, with 17 stations and a maximum speed of . The planned extension from Zhuhai City to Zhuhai Airport is  long, with 7 stations and a maximum speed of . Its spur line between Zhongshan and Jiangmen is  long, with 6 stations and a maximum speed of .

When fully completed, passengers traveling on the main line between Zhuhai and Guangzhou South will have a choice between a 46-minute non-stop and a 76-minute, 140 km/h all-stop service. The non-stop service is offered between Zhuhai and Guangzhou South only, and travel between Zhuhai (Gongbei) and Zhuhai Airport will be cut down to 25 minutes. It currently takes 50 minutes to travel by auto from Gongbei, Zhuhai to Zhuhai Airport, and 1 hour 30 minutes from Gongbei, Zhuhai to Panyu, Guangzhou.

The construction of the railway began in 2005 and it was to be completed by 2010 to cope with the opening of the Guangzhou Asian Games, but missed this deadline.

After the opening of the Guangzhu Line, Zhongshan will open nine new bus lines to support operations, according to Zhongshan Public Transportation Corporation. By the end of 2010, more than 100 shuttle buses will be put into operation. Initially with trains operating about every 30 minutes, services have gradually been increased to cope with rising passenger numbers. Do to high demand for local stopping services, the amount of express services between Jiangmen and Zhuhai to Guangzhou is limited. To remedy this, a parallel regional railway, the Guangfojiangzhu ICR, running between Zhuhai Jinwan Airport and Guangzhou via Jiangmen and Foshan's Nanhai District is proposed to be constructed.

Name confusion
Due to the confusing usage of the Chinese term "Qinggui" (轻轨, could refer to a Light Rail line or an elevated Mass Rapid Transit line) in the original name of this railway, this line was firstly conceived as a Mass Rapid Transit line. As later pointed out by the local media Nanfang Daily, however, this is a mainline Chinese railway, run by the national Chinese Ministry of Railway (instead of a local agency or authority), using mainline rolling stock CRH1, and with respective identifier for each train, that is very unlikely to be a Mass Rapid Transit line. The old term "Guangzhu Qinggui" (广珠轻轨, Guangzhu Mass Rapid Transit) is discarded in favor of "Guangzhu Chengji Tielu" (广珠城际铁路, Guangzhu intercity railway) in news media.

History
In April 2004, the ongoing Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway traffic's preliminary feasibility study was finished, resulting in a proposed railway alignments, technical standards, and project design details. Soon afterwards, the railway project was included on the list of major projects for 2005 in Zhuhai. At the first Pearl River Dela Regional Economic and Trade Cooperation Fair on July 14, 2004, the Ministry of Railways and Guangdong's provincial government signed an agreement, forming the Guangdong Pearl River Delta Intercity Rail Company and giving each party a 50 percent share in the joint venture. Thus, the Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway was born, incorporating officially on July 29.

On March 16, 2005, China's State Council considered the adoption of the "Bohai Sea, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta Intercity Railway Network Plan" during the May 2005 Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway preliminary design review. The design of the Guangzhou-Zhuhai project was adjusted, and a single alignment was preliminarily determined. Substantial adjustments were made to the alignment south of Jiangmen, resulting in the current "Nanlang Alignment". The "Nanlang Alignment" runs from Cuiheng Village in Zhongshan to Zhuhai along the east side of Yangangwan Avenue, through the Fenghuangshan Tunnel, along Mingzhu Road, Gangchang Road, and Changsheng Road before reaching Zhuhai's Xiangzhou District.

On December 18, 2005, construction on the Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway commenced. Construction of elevated lines in the form of aerial structures accounts for approximately 92.25% of the alignment, allowing for minimal changes in slope and grade that provides for a smooth train ride throughout the system.

On March 25, 2008, the preliminary feasibility study for the Zhuhai(Gongbei)—Zhuhai Airport extension line was released. The 35.3 kilometer westward extension from the original terminus at Zhuhai Station passes over several waterways on its way to Sanzao and Zhuhai Airport, including the Qianshan, Maliuzhou, Modaomen and Niwanmen waterways. Six additional stations will be built, including Wanzai, Xiawan, Lianhua, Hengqin, Sanzao, and Zhuhai Airport. A possible seventh station, Hezhou South Station, will be built in the future depending on the realization of local development. Hengqin Station and Sanzao Station are separated by 15.7 kilometers, of which includes 6.97 kilometers passing over Jinhai bridge, the greatest distance between two stations along this line. In addition, provisions for a future connection to the Macau Light Transit System will be made near Hengqin, possibly in the form of an underwater spur line linking to Macau Light Rapid Transit's Cotai line. Construction, which was scheduled to be completed in 2011, will effectively link cities in the Pearl River Delta with Macau by rail.

The railway line began operations between Guangzhou South and Zhuhai North (formerly named Jintang) Stations on January 7, 2011, while the extension of the line to Gongbei via the Fenghuang Shan Tunnel was postponed.  Fares between Guangzhou and Zhuhai North are 44 RMB 1st class; 36 RMB economy class and 22 RMB for students.  The journey time is 39 minutes. Express buses are available to link Zhuhai North Station with Xiangzhou and Gongbei, while regular buses 3A & 65 serve local residents.

In November 2012, testing started on the last section of the railway, from Zhuhai North to Zhuhai Gongbei; it was expected to be opened for service on 1 January 2013.

The airport extension

It was reported in November 2012 that the construction work on the line's extension from downtown Zhuhai to Zhuhai Jinwan Airport, via Hengqing Island, would start by the end of 2012. The extension is now known as the Zhuhai–Zhuhai Airport intercity railway. The phase 1 of the extension, from  to  started operation on 18 August 2020. At the Hengqin Railway Station, a connection is planned to the proposed Hengqin Extension Line of Macau Light Rail Transit. The phase 2 is expected to open in 2023.

Stations

References

External links

 珠海北列车时刻表 - train schedule for Zhuhai North. It lists all trains in service on this line, all of them circulating between Zhuhai North () and Guangzhou South ()

 01
 01

Rail transport in Guangdong
Transport in Guangzhou
Panyu District
Shunde District
Zhuhai
Zhongshan
Jiangmen
Xinhui District
Railway lines opened in 2011
High-speed railway lines in China


Branchport is a hamlet in the town of Jerusalem in Yates County, New York, United States. It is a "crossroads community" which contains about 85 dwellings, six stores, two churches, a library and a firehouse.

The name "Branchport" comes from its location at the north end of the west branch of the Y shaped Keuka Lake. Keuka is one of the Finger Lakes, a series of long slender lakes located in Western Central New York State.

History

Branchport lies within the Beddoe Tract of the Phelps and Gorham Purchase.  The area immediately north of Branchport was first settled circa 1791 by followers of the Public Universal Friend, a charismatic American evangelist, who called the area "The New Jerusalem".

In 1831, the first store was built at the crossroads, and the community of Branchport (Originally called Esperanza, meaning "hope") grew around this store. In 1867, Branchport became an incorporated village, but has since dissolved the village government, relinquishing its incorporated status.

Branchport became an important port for steamboats which plied the waters of Keuka Lake carrying both passengers and produce from 1835 to 1922. It was also the western terminus of the Penn Yan, Keuka Park and Branchport railway, an 8½ mile electric trolley which provided passenger and freight car service from 1913 to 1928. The line connected with the Northern Central Railroad at Penn Yan.

In the past, Branchport was the seat of small industry including a basket factory, foundry, spoke factory, planing mill, and harness shop. As transportation became more available and industry became concentrated in larger towns, Branchport became largely a residential community, but continues to serve an area of summer lake residents and tourists, as well as farmers who are mainly involved in the growing of grapes.

Area points of interest
Keuka College — three miles east of Branchport. An independent, four-year, residential, coeducational college.
Keuka Lake State Park — one mile east of Branchport. A full feature park, offering swimming, picnic tables with pavilions, a playground, hiking, hunting and fishing, cross-country skiing and snowmobiling, a boat launch and a campground with tent and trailer sites.
The Keuka Lake Winery Tour — a self conducted tour of Keuka Lake area wineries goes through Branchport. Hunt Country Vineyards is a stop along the tour.
Stone Schoolhouse — built in 1868 as a two-room school for the Branchport area. It now houses the offices of the town of Jerusalem and contains historical displays and records which are open to the public.
Verdi Burtch Bird Refuge — at the Eastern edge of Branchport along Sugar Creek. A marshland with an observation platform overlooking the marsh and Keuka Lake. Also available is a public fishing area and a boat launch.
The Larzelere Tavern, Solomon Weaver House, Myron Weaver House, and Dr. James Wrightman House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

References

Notes
Stafford C. Cleveland (1873) "History of Yates County, New York"
Lewis Cass Aldrich (1892) "History of Yates County N.Y."
Miles A. Davis, (1912) "History of Jerusalem"
William Reed Gordan (1967) "Keuka Lake Memories"

Hamlets in New York (state)
Hamlets in Yates County, New York


Guangzhou–Zhuhai railway () is a railway between  () in Guangzhou and  () in Zhuhai, via the cities of Foshan and Jiangmen, in Guangdong, China. Opened at the end of 2012, it is currently used for freight only.

Role
Until the 21st century, Zhuhai did not have any railway connections to the rest of the country. Now, however, there are two new railways there: besides the Guangzhou–Zhuhai railway for freight trains, the passenger-only Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway, is a passenger-only line, started construction in 2005 and was to be completed in 2010. Since the intercity rail will take up the role of the passenger service between Guangzhou and Zhuhai/Jiangmen, this can explain why Guangzhou–Zhuhai railway will not be routed via Guangzhou City Area.

History
Map of 2012 Guangzhou-Zhuhai railway route
This railway project was approved by the State Development Planning Commission in 1993. The construction originally started in 1997, but it was stopped later due to lack of funds. Construction was resumed in 2007; at the time, it was expected to be completed in 2011. However, work did not proceeded as fast as expected; as of December 2011, it was reported that although most of the critical components of the project was completed, there was still about 100 m to go at the Jiangmen tunnel (see below), and the Jiangbei Bridge was still under construction.

In mid-October 2012, it was reported that the construction work has been essentially completed. The railway opened for freight traffic on December 30, 2012.

Infrastructure
The line has a total length of  and a maximum speed of . Between  and Jiangmen, the line is double-track. From Jiangmen to , the line is single-track. The entire line is electrified with provisions to allow for operating double-stack container trains.

Jiangmen tunnel
Constructing the railway involved digging a 9185 m long tunnel in Jiangmen. By May 2010, over half of the tunnel had been dug, and the entire tunnel was expected to be completed by the end of February 2011. However, as of December 2011, it was reported that the workers still had about 100 m to go.

Future
The railway is expected to carry passenger services in the future.

Nansha Port railway

A branch from Yayao railway station, the Nansha Port railway, will link the line with Nansha port and will also carry passengers to Nansha railway station.

References

Railway lines in China
Rail transport in Guangdong
Transport in Guangzhou
Nanhai District
Jiangmen
Zhuhai
Railway lines opened in 2012


The Royal Windsor Horse Show is a horse show held annually since 1943 for five days in May or June in Windsor Home Park.
The show is the only one in the United Kingdom to host international competition for dressage, show jumping, carriage driving and endurance riding. In addition, there are over 130 showing classes.  It annually attracts more than 50,000 visitors and has key sponsors including Jaguar Landrover through their Defender brand, Hermes, Rolex, Pol Roger and many more.

The Show has always had the honour being attended by royalty and the Late Queen Elizabeth II was patron to the Show up to her death in 2022.  The current President of the Show is HRH The Duke of Edinburgh.

The show is run by the HPower Group.

Show History
From small beginnings to national TV

THE FIRST DECADE — 1943 to ’52

1943 — Raising funds for Spitfires

FROM small beginnings as a Wednesday afternoon horse and dog show as part of a ‘Wings for Victory’ week-long wartime fundraising effort, the show was soon a hit. The brainchild of Geoffrey Cross and Austrian-born horse producer Count Robert Orssich, it was attended by The King (who agreed to become patron the following year) and Queen and their daughters. Princess Elizabeth won the Single Private Driving Turnout Class.

Today’s supply chain issues were nothing compared to those suffered in World War Two. After the first show, the Superintendent of the Royal Mews wrote to the Timber Control Department requesting permission to buy £10 of Windsor Great Park’s own timber to make its own show jumps the following year. “His Majesty The King hoped I would be successful in obtaining a licence,” he added. It was soon granted.

1947 — The show expands

The show runs for three days with classes ranging from hacks to a new and still much-loved coaching marathon, for which four-in-hand teams assemble in the main arena and depart for a six-mile drive.

1950 — Live TV coverage

A new class for polo ponies is introduced — another popular royal sport. And the BBC puts out its first live broadcast from the show.

1951 — First evening performance

The first floodlit evening performance takes place during Festival of Britain year

1952 — The King dies

King George VI dies in Feb of this year, and the show runs in July instead of its usual May dates

The world’s best riders arrive

THE SECOND DECADE — 1953 to ’62

1954 — Services Jumping starts

The Queen donates a Challenge Cup for a Services Team Jumping contest — still a popular event. It takes place on one of the new floodlit evening sessions.

1960 — Olympic practice

Alongside quirky classes for the “best trained police horse”, Britain’s Olympic showjumpers and dressage team contest special classes laid on for them. The Australian eventers — including Badminton winner Bill Roycroft — have “training practice” here too.

A young Miss Jennie Bullen wins the ladies hunter on Miss Stubbings’s Desert Storm. She was to become a dressage legend in later years under her married name Jennie Loriston Clarke.

1962 — Dressage grows

By now the show includes dressage classes contested by riders from France and Germany as well as Britain. But they meet with awful weather

A golden age as the show grows

THE THIRD DECADE — 1963 to ’72

1965 — Cancellation!

A nationwide outbreak of equine flu caused the show’s first cancellation. But it is not held back for long..

1968 — Celebrating 25 years

A fourth day is added to the schedule as the show turns 25. A parade of The Queen’s horses and carriages includes State Landaus to the “Balmoral Sociable” built for Queen Victoria.

1970 — a golden age

The Queen visits now with a young Prince Edward, who in 2022 succeeds his late father as the show’s President. Some of the greatest names in British show jumping compete in the 70s including Johnny Kidd, Caroline Bradley, Harvey Smith, Marion Mould, David Broome and more — even the great pony Stroller.

The first international driving event runs — the brainchild of the Duke of Edinburgh

1972 — Richly Royal

Princess Anne makes a first competitive appearance, coming fourth in the combined training on Purple Star.

Memorable milestones

THE FOURTH DECADE — 1973 to ’82

1973 — Driving championships

The European Driving Championships are held concurrently with the show. The Duke of Edinburgh competes as an individual for Britain

1978 — Saluting the Pony Club

Thursday evening celebrates the Pony Club’s 50th anniversary with jumping and mounted games classes, a polo match and musical ride. A celebrity team jumping contest includes top names riding for their “local branch” included Douglas Bunn (the HH), Lucinda Prior Palmer (RA Salisbury Plain), Nicky Henderson (the Craven), David Broome, Richard Meade, Caroline Bradley and others. By 1980, Pony Club mounted games become a regular part of the schedule — and remain so today

1982 — The Duke’s win

The Duke of Edinburgh, a regular competitor here, wins the Horse Teams class in the International Driving Grand Prix with HM The Queen’s team of bays, his only triumph in this class, “though I came second five times!” he writes later.

Happy anniversaries

THE FIFTH DECADE (1983 to ’92)

1985 — Cavalry tribute

The show hosts a 300th anniversary tribute to six British Cavalry Regiments. But international jumping classes are no longer part of the mix — just national classes

1992 — Firework finale

The 50th anniversary of the show is marked with a ball attended by HM The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh. The show’s Grand Finale on the final day involves a fantastic firework display that becomes a much-loved feature of the show for many years.

A time of mixed fortunes

THE SIXTH DECADE (1993 to 2002)

1993 — Big name sponsors

Commercial sponsorship continues to grow with premium brands attracted to the show’s unique offering. In 1993 Toyota sponsors the first day’s showing classes, and Hermes sponsors dressage classes — then run on grass — with a suitably luxurious hospitality tent manned by ladies in immaculately tied Hermes scarves. In 1995 Land Rover becomes a major supporter — an association which thrives to this day — and by 1998 the lists expanded to include Asprey, Hildon and Samsung.

1996 — An olympic fundraiser

The show has frequently served as a selection trial for Olympic contenders, or a place for riders to practise in a bustling setting, but this year a floodlit show is run involving musical rides and a dressage pas de deus etc on Thursday night to raise funds for the British Equestrian Olympic fund.

1998 and 1999 — New experiments

The show moves down Home Park to run adjacent to the river — which proves very scenic but still not safe from the vagaries of May weather. By 2000 the idea is abandoned. But a country fair arena at the show hosts activities including sheepdogs, falconry, long netting and llama racing

1997 and 2001 — Thwarted plans

Weather and disease conspire to disrupt plans as a highly anticipated Pageant of the Horse to celebrate The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh’s golden wedding anniversary is lost to effects of extremely wet weather on the local clay soil. Later, in 2001 the show is cancelled — like much else — due to Foot and Mouth disease.

2002 — A perfect pageant

The show’s evening performances are cleared to host the sell-out All The Queen’s Horses pageant as the first of The Queen’s Golden Jubilee celebrations. A thousand horses and 2,000 human participants are involved, with fabulous actors including Judi Dench and Robert Hardy narrating.

More Royal celebrations

THE SEVENTH DECADE (2003 to 2012)

2003 — 60 years young

The show plans to celebrate its 60th anniversary with its foundation in Wings for Victory but the Gulf war interrupts plans and military displays are cancelled.

2005 — Venue upgraded

The show moves into Home Park Private and puts down a permanent all-weather arena in this beautiful setting. Friday hosts a gala dressage and polo evening.

2006 and 2007 — Milestones for The Queen

The Show celebrates HM The Queen’s 80th birthday in 2006 with a private party — and a visit from the JCB Dancing Diggers. Her 60th wedding anniversary with HRH The Duke of Edinburgh is marked the following year with a parade of vintage Land Rovers

2008 and 2009 — Further innovations

A tattoo is run in the evenings to raise funds for the Royal British Legion which proves a huge success, and continues for several years. Meanwhile the showjumping classes are upgraded to internationals as the smart surfaced arenas attract more top riders.

2011 — The Boss visits

American ‘royalty’ attends the show alongside our own, as Bruce Springsteen comes to watch his daughter Jessica jumping under the tutelage of Nick Skelton and Laura Kraut.

2012 — 60 years on the throne

The world comes to Windsor for another fabulous pageant, this time televised by ITV, including the Canadian Mounties, New South Wales police, and dancers from New Zealand and the Cook Islands.

More Royal celebrations

THE EIGHTH DECADE (2013 to 2022)

2013 — The show turns 70

Endurance rides join the schedule, supported by The King of the Kingdom of Bahrain, both of which are important elements of the show a decade on.

2014  — Flooded but not washed out

Despite massive flooding around Eton and Windsor early in the year, the waters subside to reveal Windsor’s site and outdoor surface remains intact.

2016 — The Queen turns 90

The Queen’s 90th Birthday Celebration run in each evening of the show sells out within hours and is a huge success, despite Wednesday’s dress rehearsal and entire first day of the show being lost to torrential rain. The event even wins its organisers a BAFTA.

2017 — Five star

Prize money increases so that the show is now ranked a five star, attracting top level showjumping riders from around the world. In the show rings, Her Majesty’s homebred steeplechaser Barbers Shop wins the Retraining of Racehorse class for a third consecutive time this year with rider Katie Jerram and is fully retired in a special ceremony at the show in 2018.

2022 — The most memorable of all

Her Majesty pays her final visits to the show she supported from day one. The Platinum Jubilee Pageant each evening is a huge success, and is televised on the final night when The Queen attends. It is the last event she attends in full before her death in September.

2023 - Moving On

4* Dressage returns supported by Defender and means that the show includes a Wednesday afternoon opening for the Grand Prix dressage phase.  International displays include the ‘Land of Fire’ from Azerbaijan and new ‘amateur’ showing classes are introduced.

References

External links
Royal Windsor Horse Show official site

Windsor
Equestrian sports in the United Kingdom
1943 establishments in England
Windsor, Berkshire
Equestrian sports in England
Events in Berkshire
Festivals established in 1943


O'Sullivan College is a small bilingual private college that was founded in 1916.  It is located at 1191, Mountain Street () in downtown Montreal. The college is near Peel and Lucien L'Allier metro stations.

The college offers ten programs granting both Attestation of Collegial Studies (AEC) and Diploma of Collegial Studies (DEC).

Programs

DEC
Paralegal Technology - 3 years
Accelerated Paralegal Technology - 2 ½ years
Medical Records - 3 years
General Administration (offered in French only) - 2 ½ years

AEC
Computerized Financial Accounting (offered in French only) - 1 year
International Trade (offered in French only) - 8 intensive months
Office Systems Technology Legal Specialization (offered in French only) - 8 intensive months
Medical Transcription and Secretary (offered in French only) - 1 intensive year
Damage Insurance and English Communication (offered in French only) - 1 intensive year
Media Technology and Film Sets (offered in French only) - 1 year

External links
O'Sullivan College

Colleges in Quebec
Universities and colleges in Montreal
Universities and colleges established in 1916
Private universities and colleges in Canada
1916 establishments in Quebec


John Allen (died March 11, 1851) was an American pioneer and a co-founder, along with Elisha Rumsey, of the U.S. city of Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Early life
John Allen, the son of a wealthy farmer, was born in Augusta County, Virginia, on May 17, 1796. He had two children with his first wife, Mary Crawford: James and Elizabeth. After Crawford's death, he married Ann I. (Barry) McCue, a widow with two sons: John and Thomas. Both Crawford and McCue had large inheritances, but historical records maintain that Allen left Virginia primarily to escape financial difficulties.

Allen left Virginia in fall 1823 with a herd of cattle which he intended to sell in Baltimore. From Baltimore, he went to Buffalo, New York, where he stayed for two months while looking for an associate. He moved on to Detroit in January 1824, where he met Elisha Rumsey. Rumsey was also looking for an opportunity to escape the mistakes of his past and work toward a better future.

Ann Arbor

In early February 1824, Allen and Rumsey left Detroit.  After choosing their site, they returned to Detroit on February 14 to register their claims at the federal land office. Allen, the wealthier of the two men, purchasing  for $600. Rumsey purchased  for $200. They also purchased the right to have their village designated the county seat for $1,000. On May 25, the town plot was registered in Wayne County. Initially, the name of the town was written "Annarbour", but thereafter it appeared as two words. According to Russell Bidlack's Ann Arbor's First Lady: Events in the Life of Ann I. Allen (1998), Ann Arbor was named in honor of John Allen's wife, Ann. Other writers have suggested that Ann Arbor was named for both Ann Allen (wife of Allen) and Mary Ann Rumsey (wife of Rumsey).

Allen found a new start in Ann Arbor, as well as financial success. He became an owner of several thousand acres of land in the western part of Michigan. He was directly involved in many of the civic duties and functions of Ann Arbor, and was largely responsible for its initial success. He promoted Ann Arbor as a great place to live, establishing its first post office in 1825, and becoming its first postmaster. He also served in other positions, including Coroner and Justice of the Peace. Having studied law with James Kingsley, he was admitted to the Bar of Washtenaw County in 1832. Before becoming a lawyer, he unsuccessfully ran for state representative. He later won a seat in the state senate, serving from 1845 to 1848. Allen and Samuel Dexter established Western Emigrant, Ann Arbor's first newspaper, which they used to promote their anti-Mason views.

Later life
Having become very influential in Ann Arbor, Allen moved to New York to better manage his financial affairs. He was unsuccessful in New York and by 1850, he had lost most of his wealth in real estate. Looking for ways to regain his fortune, he went west in 1850 to try his luck in the California Gold Rush.  He died on March 11, 1851, near San Francisco.

Notes

References

 John Allen and the founding of Ann Arbor. by Russell Bidlack.  Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1962; University of Michigan Library, 2005.

External links

1796 births
1851 deaths
American pioneers
People of the Michigan Territory
Businesspeople from Ann Arbor, Michigan
19th-century American businesspeople
American city founders


Hurstpierpoint and Sayers Common is a civil parish in Mid Sussex District, West Sussex, England.

Settlements

Major settlements
Hurstpierpoint
Sayers Common

Other settlements
Bedlam Street
Goddards Green
Hurst Wickham

Other places

 Danny Park

References

Civil parishes in West Sussex


La Nazione is one of the oldest regional newspapers in Italy, and was established on 8 July 1859. The paper is based in Florence.

History and profile
La Nazione was founded by Bettino Ricasoli, interim head of the Tuscan government. The first issue appeared on 8 July 1859. Its title reflects the hope of Ricasoli for a unified Italy.

La Nazione merged with Cavour's famous political newspaper Il Risorgimento. Based in Florence, Italy, it is published in fourteen editions including those for the regions of Tuscany, Umbria and for the Province of La Spezia in Liguria. The early contributors include Edmondo de Amicis, Carlo Lorenzini, Giovanni Spadolini, Giuseppe Prezzolini and Mario Luzi.

In 2004, the owners were Monrif (59.2%) and the RCS MediaGroup (9.9%). The publisher of La Nazione is Poligrafici Editoriali. The paper is published in tabloid format.

Circulation
The 1988 circulation of La Nazione was 288,000 copies. Between 1998 and 2001 the paper had a 30% share of the Italian language newspaper market in Tuscany.

The circulation of the paper was 149,997 copies in 2001 and 143,554 copies in 2002. Its circulation was 145,000 copies in 2003 and 144,463 copies in 2004. The paper had a circulation of 138,000 copies in 2007 and 136,993 copies in 2008.

In 2012, La Nazione sold 52,653,953 copies.

Notable journalists

Giuseppe Are (1930–2006), historian
Umberto Cecchi, journalist
Zeffiro Ciuffoletti, historian and columnist

Editors
Leopold Cempini: 14 July to 9 August 1859
Alessandro D'Ancona: 10 August 1859 to 30 April 1860
Piero Puccioni: from 1 May 1860 to 11 January 1869
Raymond Brenna: from 12 January to 1 September 1869
Giuseppe Civinini: 16 October 1869 to 19 December 1871
Celestino Bianchi: 31 December 1871 to 29 June 1885
Niccolò Nobili: 1 July 1885 to 17 October 1893
Augusto Barazzuoli: 18 October 1893 to 31 January 1894
Vico Mantegazza: 1 February 1894 to 15 June 1898
Ettore Bernabei: 16 June 1898 to 31 December 1906
Silvio Ghelli: 15 August 1910 to 6 November 1914
Gustavo Nest: 17 November 1914 to 9 March 1915
Aldo Borelli: 10 March 1915 to 31 August 1929
Charles Scarfoglio (political director from 1919 to 1924)
Umberto Guglielmotti: 1 September 1929 to 10 October 1932
Maffio Maffii: 11 October 1932 to 27 July 1943
Bruno Micheli: 28 July to 17 August 1943
Charles Scarfoglio: from 18 August to 16 September 1943
Ridolfo Mazzucconi: from 17 September to 18 October 1943
Mirko Giobbe: From 19 October 1943 to 11 August 1944
Suspended by a resolution of the Allied Command in Italy on 12 August, the publications were resumed in 1947 with the headline "The Italian nation"
Julius Caprin: from 27 March 1947 to 31 October 1950
Sandro Volta: from 1 November 1950 to 31 March 1952
Panfilo Gentile: from 1 April to 31 October 1952
Bruno Micheli: from 1 November 1952 to 3 January 1953
Alfio Russo, from 4 January 1953 to 13 October 1961 (in 1959, the newspaper resumed its original name)
Enrico Mattei: 14 October 1961 to 20 June 1970
Domenico Bartoli: 21 June 1970 to 6 March 1977
Alberto Sensini: from 17 March 1977 to 11 October 1980
Gianfranco Piazzesi: 12 October 1980 to 17 November 1981
Piero Magi from 18 November 1981 to 3 March 1985
Tino Neirotti: 4 March 1985 to 29 November 1986
Arrigo Petacco: 30 November 1986 to 16 November 1987
Roberto Ch'un: from 17 November 1987 to 19 November 1988
Roberto Gelmini: 20 November 1988 to 17 December 1991
Gabriele Cané: 27 December 1991 to 13 May 1995
Riccardo Berti: 14 May 1995 from 11 December 1997
Andrea Biavardi: from 12 December 1997 to 29 November 1998
Umberto Cecchi: 30 November 1998 to 17 April 2002
Francis Carrassi: from 18 April 2002 to 29 November 2008
Joseph Mascambruno: from 6 December 2008 to 15 July 2011
Mauro Tedeschini: from 16 July 2011 to 18 April 2012
Gabriele Canè: from 19 April 2012 to 12 April 2014
Marcello Mancini: from 13 April 2014 to 28 February 2015
Pierfrancesco De Robertis: from 1 March 2015 – present

The 150th anniversary of its creation
The 150 years since the foundation has been recalled by a special stamp issued by the Italian post office. In addition to a special issue  was organized series of conferences that have enhanced the role of Bettino Ricasoli when the foundation of the newspaper.

It has also produced a commemorative book at newsstand in January 2009, and a deluxe version in bookstores. The book, written by the historic signing of The Nation has been enriched by Maurizio Naldini pictorial performed by Luca Parenti, Marco Innocenti. The volume is divided into three parts, introduced by four professors and historians: Zefiro Ciuffoletti, Cosimo Cecchi and Sandro Rogai. A summary of this book have been printed 20 local cases, attached to the journal in different areas of diffusion, which follows the life of the everyday in relation to the city treated and re-reads a file that the development of advertising from 1859 to the present day in the newspaper founded Florentine by Bettino Ricasoli.

Among the other conventions of particular interest that will play on the future of agricultural resources and food that would feature theFoundation Old New Land, a youth association recently born in Florence between young teachers of the historical and natural materials for the study of the relationship between Earth and the needs of its inhabitants.

References

External links
 La Nazione Official Site

1859 establishments in Italy
Newspapers established in 1859
Italian-language newspapers
Newspapers published in Florence
Daily newspapers published in Italy


Elektroprivreda Crne Gore AD is an integrated electricity company located in Niksić, Montenegro.  The company is listed at Montenegro Stock Exchange with majority of shares owned by the government. Rest of the shares are traded at the Montenegro Stock Exchange.

The company's operations engage electricity generation, distribution and supply.  In March 2009, the transmission system was split from the company, forming the separate transmission system operator company, Crnogorski Elektroprenosni Sistem.

Elektroprivreda Crne Gore owns two large and seven small hydroelectric power plants, and one coal-fired thermal plant. The Perućica hydroelectric power plant as a capacity of 307 MW and the Piva hydroelectric power plant has a capacity of 342 MW.  The Pljevlja Thermal Plant has a capacity of 210 MW. A 100 MW solar plant is under construction, and a floating solar plant is planned for the Slano artificial salt lake.

History

The electrification of Montenegro began in the first decade of the 20th century. The debt tradition has begun for almost a century after only 28 years since the construction of the world's first electric power plant, which was built by famous American inventor T. A. Edison in New York. With that, Montenegro was ranked in the line, at that time, of rare European and world countries whose towns were illuminated by electricity.

Everything started on August 19, 1910, when, in connection with the crowning of Nikola I Petrović, in Cetinje, the first electric power station in Montenegro was put into operation. In today's context, it was a mini power plant, with two diesel engines, power of 110 kW. Over the years, power has doubled to 220 kW. The power plant served to illuminate the Dvor, Zetski dom, the main street of the city and several houses of the more prominent Montenegrins. It has become the basis for the development of one of the most important economic entities in Montenegro, Elektroprivreda Crne Gore. The power plant worked for 50 years, 450,000 hours continuously - 12 years without malfunction. It was erected and equipped, then, by the renowned firm Emanuel Kraus from Trieste. The building and facilities of the "Montenegrin Electric Company", as originally called the Cetinje power plant, are preserved and, because of their exceptional importance, they were placed under the protection of the Law as a cultural monument, in order to be transformed into the EPCG museum on November 13, 1976, with a proposal to grow in the Technical Museum of Montenegro. The date of commissioning of the electric power station, August 19, is celebrated as the day EPCG AD Niksic.

Shortly after the commissioning of the Cetinje mini-power plant, other power plants started to open in Montenegro, and other towns and citizens in Montenegro started to enjoy the advantages of electricity brought by them - Bar in 1913, Kotor in 1916, Herceg Novi in 1925, Podgorica and Niksic in 1927, Risan in 1928, Kolasin in 1929, Ulcinj in 1930, Zelenika in 1935, Perast in 1936, in Pljevlja in 1937, in Tivat in 1939 and so in a row.

By the construction of hydroelectric power plants, which are now called "small" or distribution, the first and the second phase of the development of the electric power system of Montenegro has been completed. Again, Cetinje was the first. In its vicinity was built, in 1937, HE "Podgor" power 250 kW, which still generates electricity. After it was built: "Rijeka Mušović" in 1950, a power of 1.36 MW (1360 kW), "Waterfall of the Zeta" in 1952, a power of 1.2 MW and a yearly production of 6000 GWh, "Rijeka Crnojevića", also in 1952. 754 kW (only 160 kW) and "Head of the Zeta" (1955) with a power of 4.5 MW, which is the only one underground. From the small hydroelectric power plants today there are also "Left Rijeka" and "Savnik", and the total power of small HPPs is 8.5 MW.

The third stage of development begins with the construction of a large HPP "Perućica", which was commissioned in the first phase of its construction in 1960. By completing its second and third phases, Montenegro made significant surpluses of electricity. Sixteen years later, Mratinje Dam was built, with the highest dam in the Balkans, that is, one of the highest in Europe (220 m), and in 1982, Pljevlja Power Station. This is the end of the construction of production facilities of today's Electric Power Company of Montenegro.

In addition to the production facilities, Elektroprivreda Crne Gore has built a significant electrical network of various voltage levels with transmission lines, substations and other facilities, as well as a diluted distribution network in all populated areas of Montenegro. The distribution and transmission network followed the development and improvement of production facilities.

References

External links

Electric power companies of Montenegro


Dignitas Personae is the title of a 2008 instruction by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith giving doctrinal directives on certain embryonic ethical controversies that had emerged since 1987, after Donum Vitae was released.

The document takes a critical stance against selective reduction, prenatal diagnosis, preimplantation diagnosis, in vitro fertilization, cryopreservation, embryo transfer, some forms of genetic engineering, embryo donation, which have been criticized as unethical by anti-abortion ethicists because they provoke the termination of embryonic cell reproduction.

The doctrinal material is not only addressed to Catholic couples, but also to pharmacists, doctors, ethicists, theologians, politicians and industrialists so that they may try to tackle these issues together. Other related documents, such as Humanae Vitae, were also written for a wide variety of individuals and specialists on the matter.

Dignitas Personae also reiterates Church opposition to contraception and abortion, mentioning new methods of birth control such as female condoms and the morning-after pill.

References
Dignitas Personae: On Certain Bioethical Questions
USCCB commentary

Documents of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
Bioethics
2008 in Christianity
2008 works


The following species have been collected from the Dark Cave, Batu Caves, Selangor in Malaysia:
 Pheretima indica (Haplotaxida: Megascolecidae)
 Dichogaster sp. (Haplotaxida: Octochaetidae)
 Dichogaster bolavi (Haplotaxida: Octochaetidae)
 Sarax brachydactylus (Amblypygi: Tarantulidae)
 Damarchus cavernicolus (Araneae: Ctenizidae)
 Heteropoda robusta (Araneae: Heteropodidae)
 Liphistius batuensis (Araneae: Liphistiidae)
 Psiloderces crinitus (Araneae: Ochyroceratidae)
 Spermophora miser (Araneae: Pholcidae)
 Psechrus curvipalpus (Araneae: Psechridae)
 Scytodes magnus (Araneae: Scytodidae)
 Theriheridion rufipes (Araneae: Theridiidae)
 Uloborus spelaeus (Araneae: Uloboridae)
 Paracheyletia sp. (Eleutherengona: Cheyletidae)
 Ornithodorus bauensis (Ixodida: Argasidae)
 Belba sp. (Oribatida: Belbidae)
 Galumna sp. (Oribatida: Galumnidae)
 Vaghia sp. (Oribatida: Galumnidae)
 Scheloribates exuvium (Oribatida: Oribatulidae)
 Scheloribates sp. (Oribatida: Oribatulidae)
 Trombicula batui (Parasitengona: Trombiculidae)
 Trombicula insolli (Parasitengona: Trombiculidae)
 Cryptocheiridium lucifugum (Pseudoscorpionida: Ideoroncidae)
 Dhanus sumatranus (Pseudoscorpionida: Ideoroncidae)
 Dhanus doveri (Pseudoscorpionida: Ideoroncidae)
 Cunaxa setirostris (Trombidiformes: Cunaxidae)
 Scutigera decipiens (Scutigeromorpha: Cambalidae)
 Glyphiulus sp. (Sphaerotheriida: Cambalidae)
 Doratodesmus sp. (Sphaerotheriida: Cambalidae)
 Brachystomella contorta (Collembola: Brachystomellidae)
 Cunaxa spp. (Collembola: Cunaxidae)
 Willemia nadchatrami (Collembola: Neogastruridae)
 Aderus mcclurei (Coleoptera: Aderidae)
 Euglenes batuensis (Coleoptera: Aderidae)
 Euglenes cephalicus (Coleoptera: Aderidae)
 Euglenes malayanus (Coleoptera: Aderidae)
 Euglenes troglodytes (Coleoptera: Aderidae)
 Unidentified (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
 Unidentified (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
 Aethriostoma undulata (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
 Trinodes sp. (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
 Cardiophorus carduelis (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
 Melanoxanthus near dohrni (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
 Platynuchus sp. (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
 Unidentified (Coleoptera: Endomychidae)
 Platycladoxena near angulosa (Coleoptera: Erotylidae)
 Thallisellodes limbooliati (Coleoptera: Erotylidae)
 Cercyon gebieni (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
 Dactylosternum abdominale (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
 Lychnocrepis antricola (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
 Unidentified (Coleoptera: Melyridae)
 Unidentified (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)
 Unidentified (Coleoptera: Orthoperidae)
 Unidentified (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae)
 Trox costatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
 Unidentified (Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae)
 Unidentified (Coleoptera: Silphidae)
 Unidentified (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
 Coeloecetes cavernicola (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
 Chelisoches morio (Dermaptera: Forficulidae)
 Chelisoches brevipennis (Dermaptera: Forficulidae)
 Unidentified (Diptera: Cecidomyidae)
 Atrichopogon jacobsoni (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
 Culicoides huffi (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
 Culicoides peregrinus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
 Culicoides prob. arakawai (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
 Forcipomyia spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
 Stilobezzia sp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
 Eusmittia cavernae (Diptera: Chironomidae)
 Paratendipes inarmatus (Diptera: Chironomidae)
 Pentaneura batuensis (Diptera: Chironomidae)
 Podonomus sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae)
 Tricimba batucola (Diptera: Chloropidae)
 Chyromya prob. dubia (Diptera: Chyromyidae)
 Gymnochiromyia sp. (Diptera: Chyromyidae)
 Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)
 Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae)
 Uranotaenia sp. (Diptera: Culicidae)
 Condylostylus sp. (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
 Drosophila ananassae (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
 Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
 Desmometopa spp. (Diptera: Milichiidae)
 Leptometopa mcclurei (Diptera: Milichiidae)
 Milichia sp. (Diptera: Milichiidae)
 Phyllomyza cavernae (Diptera: Milichiidae)
 Fannia leucosticta (Diptera: Muscidae)
 Ophyra chalcogaster (Diptera: Muscidae)
 Chetoneura cavernae (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)
 Eucampsipoda sundaicum (Diptera: Nycteribiidae)
 Nycteribosca prob. gigantea (Diptera: Nycteribiidae)
 Diploneura peregrina (Diptera: Phoridae)
 Brunettia sp. (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Phlebotomus anodontis (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Phlebotomus anondontis (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Phlebotomus argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Phlebotomus asperules (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Phlebotomus lutea (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Phlebotomus makati (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Phlebotomus malayica (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Phlebotomus savaiiensis (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Phlebotomus stantion (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Psychoda acanthostyla (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Psychoda alternata (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Psychoda aponesos (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Psychoda harrisi (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Psychoda malleola (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Psychoda pellucida (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Psychoda vagabunda (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Sycorax malayensis (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Telmatoscopus albipuntatus (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Telmatoscopus kulas (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Telmatoscopus mcclurei (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Trichomyia batu (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Trichomyia malaya (Diptera: Psychodidae)
 Unidentified (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
 Bradysia flagellicornis (Diptera: Sciaridae)
 Bradysia leucocerca (Diptera: Sciaridae)
 Bradysia platytergum (Diptera: Sciaridae)
 Bradysia spp. (Diptera: Sciaridae)
 Bradysia leucocerca (Diptera: Sciaridae)
 Phorodonta malayana (Diptera: Sciaridae)
 Plastosciara near brevicalcarata (Diptera: Sciaridae)
 Soudekia sp. (Diptera: Sciaridae)
 Leptocera brevicostata (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae)
 Sargus metallinus (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
 Helius cavernicolus (Diptera: Tipulidae)
 Cleon sp. (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae)
 Myiophanes fluitaria (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
 Unidentified (Hemiptera: Cydnidae)
 Bagauda lucifigus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
 Reduvius gua (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
 Fulvinus brevicornis (Hemiptera: Miridae)
 Apanteles carpatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
 Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
 Aulosaphes sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
 Epitranus lacteipennis (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae)
 Epitranus stantoni (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae)
 Bathroponera rufipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
 Bathroponera tridentata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
 Camponotus sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
 Leptogenys diminuta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
 Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
 Paratrechina longicornis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
 Pheidole javana (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
 Ponera sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
 Pristomyrmex sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
 Tapinoma melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
 Hypsicerca cavicola (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
 Hypsicerca fullawayi (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
 Trogaspidia sp. (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)
 Opogona cerodelta (Lepidoptera: Lyonetidae)
 Attacus atlas (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
 Tinea antricola (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)
 Tinea palaechrysis (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)
 Neglurus vitripennis (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)
 Diestrammena gravely (Orthoptera: Gryllacridae)
 Gryllotalpa fulvipes (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)
 Mermecophilus dubius (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
 Pycnoscelus striatus (Orthoptera: Blattidae)
 Liposcelis sp. (Psocoptera: Liposcelidae)
 Parasoa haploneura (Psocoptera: Lepidopsocidae)
 Psyllipsocus batuensis (Psocoptera: Psyllipsocidae)
 Ectopsocus maindroni (Psocoptera: Peripsocidae)
 Parasoa haploneura (Psocoptera: Forficulidae)
 Thaumapsylla breviceps orientalis (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae)
 Parabathynella malaya (Bathynellacea: Bathynellidae)
 Armadillo intermixtus (Isopoda: Armadillidiidae)
 Philoscia dobakholi (Isopoda: Oniscidae)
 Unidentified (Podocopida: Cyprididae)
 Chaerilus prob. celebensis (Scorpionida: Chactidae)
 Bufo asper (Anura: Bufonidae)
 Bufo melanostictus (Anura: Bufonidae)
 Callula pulchra (Anura: Microhylidae)
 Rana calconota (Squamata: Scincidae)
 Collocalia sp. (Apodiformes: Apodidae)
 Hirundo daurica (Passeriformes: Hirundinidae)
 Myophoneus flavirostris (Passeriformes: Turdidae)
 Taphozous melanopogon (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae)
 Eonycteris spelaea (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)
 Hipposideros armiger debilis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)
 Hipposideros bicolor (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)
 Hipposideros diadema vicarius (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)
 Hipposideros galiterus (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)
 Rhinolophus affinis superans (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)
 Rhinolophus luctus morio (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)
 Myotis mystacinus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
 Rattus rattus jalorensis (Rodentia: Muridae)
 Crocidura malayana (Soricomorpha: Soricidae)
 Elaphe taeniura (Squamata: Colubridae)
 Dryophiops rubescens (Squamata: Colubridae)
 Ahaetulla formosa (Squamata: Colubridae)
 Gecko marmorata (Squamata: Gekkonidae)
 Lygosoma scotophilum (Squamata: Scincidae)
 Paludomus buccula, Paludomus buccula var. minuta (Thiaridae)
 Opeas doveri (Stylommatophora: Stenogyridae)
 Opeas dimorpha (Stylommatophora: Stenogyridae)
 Achatina fulica (Pulmonata: Achatinidae)
 Dugesia sp. (Seriata: Scincidae)

References

 McClure, E.H., B.L. Lim and S.E. Winn. 1967. Fauna of Dark Cave, Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pacific Insects 9(3): 399-428.

Other references:
 Abraham, H.C. 1923. A new spider of the genus Liphistius. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 1: 13-21.
 Annandale, N. and F.H. Gravely. 1914. The limestone caves of Burma and the Malay Peninsula, Part II: The fauna of the caves. Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (ns) 9(10) for 1913: 402-423.
 Bristowe, W.S. 1933. The liphistiid spiders (chapters I-VIII, X). In Bristowe, W.S. and J. Millot, The liphistiid spiders, with an appendix on their internal anatomy. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1932: 1016-1045, 1055-1057.
 Bristowe, W.S. 1952. The arachnid fauna of the Batu Caves in Malaya. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 12) 5: 697-707.
 Bullock, J.A. 1971. Fauna of Gua Anak Takun. Malayan Nature Journal 24: 95-97.
 Bullock, J.A. 1972. Cave Biology in Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 25: 135-141.
 Buxton, B.H. 1924. Notes on the internal anatomy of Liphistius batuensis Abr.  Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 2(1): 85-86.
 Dittmar, K., M.L. Porter, L. Price, G. Svenson and M.F. Whitling. 2005. A Brief Survey of Invertebrates in Caves of Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 57(2): 221-233.
 Dover, C. (ed.). 1929. Fauna of the Batu Caves, Selangor. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 14: 325-87.
 Dunn, F.L. 1965. Gua Anak Takun: Ecological Observations. Malayan Nature Journal 19(1): 75-87.
 Fage, L. 1929. Fauna of the Batu Caves, Selangor: x. Arachnida: Pedipalpi (Part) and Araneae. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 14: 356-64.
 Haupt, J. 2003. The Mesothelae - a monograph of an exceptional group of spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae): (Morphology, behavior, ecology, taxonomy, distribution and phylogeny). Zoologica 154: 1-102.
 Heynes-Wood, M. and C. Dover. 1929. Fauna of the Batu Caves, Selangor: iii. Topography. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 14: 329.
 Klingel, H. 1966. Beobachtungen an Lipistius batuensis Abr. (Araneae, Mesothelae). Zoologischer Anzeiger Supplementband 30: 246-253.
 Lim, T.T. 2006. A Visit to Gua Anak Takun. Pencinta Alam 2006(12): 14.
 Lim, T.W. and S.S. Yussof. 2009. Conservation status of Batu Caves Trapdoor Spider (Liphistius batuensis Abraham (Araneae, Mesothelae)): A preliminary survey. Malayan Nature Journal 61: 121-132.
 McClure, E.H. 1965. Microcosms of Batu Caves and a List of Species Collected at Batu Caves. Malayan Nature Journal 19(1): 68.
 McClure, E.H. 1995. Stories I like to Tell: An Autobiography. Elliot McClure [published by the author], Camarillo, CA. p. 197.
 Murphy, F. and J. Murphy. 2000. An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Nature Society.
 Platnick, N.I. 2008.  The World Spider Catalog, Version 9.0.  American Museum of Natural History <research.amnh.org>.
 Platnick, N.I. and W.C. Sedgwick. 1984. A Revision of the Spider Genus Liphistius (Araneae, Mesothelae). American Museum Novitates 2781: 1-31.
 Platnick, N.I. and W.J. Gertsch. 1976. The suborders of spiders: A cladistic analysis. American Museum Novitates 2607: 1-15.
 Price, L. 1996.  The discovery of an ancient cave. Pencinta Alam 1996(4): 3.
 Ridley, H.N. 1899. Caves in the Malay Peninsula: Appendix. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 1898: 580.
 Roewer, C.Fr. 1962. Einige arachniden aus den Batu-Caves in Malaya. Pacific Insects 4(2): 517-520.
 Schiödte, J.C. 1849. Om en afvigende Slaegt af Spindlernes Orden. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift 2: 617-624.
 Soepadmo, E. and Ho Thian Hua. 1971. A Guide to Batu Caves. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Nature Society and Batu Caves Protection Association. p. 17.
 Yong, H.S. 1960. Field Biology: (d) Fauna of the Dark Cave (Batu Caves). Scientific Victorian 1960: 42-46.
 Yong, H.S. 1978. Living fossil spiders. Nature Malaysiana 3: 32-39.
 Yong, H.S. 1998. Spiders. The Encyclopedia of Malaysia 3: 94-95. Singapore: Archipelago Press.
 Yussof, S. 1985. The caves of Bukit Anak Takun. Nature Malaysiana 10(4): 4-9.
 Yussof, S. 1987. Gua Anak Takun Revisited. Malayan Naturalist 40(3&4): 12-16.
 Yussof, S. 1997.  The natural and other histories of Batu Caves.  Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Nature Society.

Nature conservation in Malaysia
Cave animals


Alexandra was an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia from 1902 to 1992, and was formed when the electoral districts of Encounter Bay, Mount Barker and Noarlunga were amalgamated. The district included the Fleurieu Peninsula, to the south of Adelaide.

Alexandra was renamed Finniss at the 1993 state election.

Members for Alexandra

Election results

See also
 1992 Alexandra state by-election

References

External links
1985 & 1989 election boundaries, page 18 & 19
The 13 electorates from 1902 to 1915: The Adelaide Chronicle

Former electoral districts of South Australia
1902 establishments in Australia
1993 disestablishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1902
Constituencies disestablished in 1993


Bruce Gordon Epperly (born 1952 in California) is a theologian, minister, and author. He is one of the leading process theologians in the United States, having studied with John B. Cobb at Claremont Graduate University. Epperly currently serves as Professor of Practical Theology and Director of Continuing Education at Lancaster Theological Seminary. He is an ordained minister with standing in the United Church of Christ and Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).

Prior to his current appointment, Epperly served as Director of the Protestant Ministry and Adjunct Professor in Theology, Spirituality, and Medicine at Georgetown University.

His professional interests are broad and include process theology, constructive postmodernism, spirituality, healing, and ministerial transformation. He is noted for innovative work in joining theological reflection with spiritual formation, ministerial leadership, and healing ministry.

He is the author, or co-author, of sixteen books, including Tending to the Holy: The Practice of the Presence of God in Ministry, the Academy of Parish Clergy's 2009 Book of the Year, and Holy Adventure: 41 Days of Audacious Living, his response to Rick Warren's Purpose Driven Life.

Published works

 Tending to the Holy: The Practice of the Presence of God in Ministry, with Kate Epperly. Herndon, VA: Alban Institute, 2009.
 The Four Seasons of Ministry, with Kate Epperly. Herndon, VA: Alban Institute, 2008. .
 Holy Adventure: Forty One Days of Audacious Living.  Nashville: Upper Room, 2008. .
 Feed the Fire: Avoiding Burnout in Ministry, with Kate Epperly. Cleveland: Pilgrim Press, 2008. .
 Healing Worship: Purpose and Practice. Cleveland: Pilgrim Press, 2006. .
 Reiki Healing Touch and the Way of Jesus, with Kate Epperly. Kelowna, British Columbia: Wood Lake/Northstone Books, 2005. .
 The Call of the Spirit: Process Spirituality in the Contemporary World, with John B. Cobb and Paul Nancarrow. Claremont, CA: Process and Faith Press, 2005. .
 Finding Angels in Boulders: Jewish-Christian Reflections on Death and Grief, with Rabbi Lewis Solomon. St. Louis: Chalice Press, 2005. .
 Walking in the Light: Jewish and Christian Reflections on Health and Spirituality, with Rabbi Lewis Solomon. St. Louis: Chalice Press, 2004. .
 Mending the World: Spiritual Hope for Ourselves and Our Planet, with Rabbi Lewis Solomon.  Minneapolis: Augsburg Press/Innisfree Press, 2002. .
 The Power of Affirmative Faith: A Spirituality of Personal Transformation. St. Louis: Chalice Press, 2001. .
 God’s Touch: Faith, Wholeness, and the Healings of Jesus.  Louisville: Westminster/John Knox  Press, 2001. .
 The Transforming Moment: A Lenten Devotional for College Students. New York: Higher Education Ministry Associates, 1999. (re-released, 2009)
 Spirituality and Health, Health and Spirituality: A New Journey of Spirit, Mind, and Body.  Mystic, CT: Twenty-third Publications, 1997. .
 Crystal and Cross: Christianity and the New Age in Creative Dialogue. Mystic: CT: Twenty-third Publications, 1996. .
 At the Edges of Life: A Holistic Vision of the Human Adventure. St. Louis: Chalice Press, 1992. .
Seeking the Spirit in Sexuality for Patheos
Making Sense of Miracles for Patheos
The Taoist Christian: following Jesus in a gentle and creative way, a collaboration with Jay McDaniel.

See also
 Postmodern Christianity

Footnotes

References

External links
 https://www.drbruceepperly.com/
 Center for Process Studies
 Disciples United Community Church
 Lancaster Theological Seminary
 Process and Faith

1952 births
Process theologians
American theologians
United Church of Christ ministers
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) clergy
American religious writers
Claremont Graduate University alumni
Living people


Aaron H. Devor (born 1951), is a Canadian sociologist and sexologist known for researching transsexuality and transgender communities. Devor has taught at the University of Victoria since 1989 and is the former dean of graduate studies.  Devor is the current Research Chair in Transgender Studies at the University of Victoria, and the Founder & Academic Director of The Transgender Archives at the University of Victoria Libraries.  Maclean's, a Canadian weekly news magazine, described Devor as "an internationally respected expert on gender, sex and sexuality."

Early life and education
Devor earned a bachelor's degree in psychology from York University in 1971, a master's degree in communications from Simon Fraser University in 1985, and a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Washington in 1990. A trans man, Devor transitioned in 2002 at age 51.

Career
Devor was a member of the HBIGDA task force which created the sixth and seventh edition of The Standards of Care.  Currently, he sits as a committee member for the eighth edition and is the Chairperson of the Archives Committee.  He has collected first-person narratives of transsexual experiences and has done extensive biographical research on trans man Reed Erickson.

Devor's book, The Transgender Archives: Foundations for the Future, was a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award in the non-fiction category in 2015.

In 2016, through her Foundation, Jennifer Pritzker gave a $2 million donation to create the world's first academic chair of transgender studies, at the University of Victoria in British Columbia; Devor was chosen as the inaugural chair.

Selected publications
Devor, H (1989). Gender Blending: Confronting the Limits of Duality. Indiana University Press,  *889
Devor, H (1994). Transsexualism, Dissociation, and Child Abuse An Initial Discussion Based on Nonclinical Data. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality Volume: 6 Issue: 3
Devor, H (1997). FTM: Female-to-Male Transsexuals in Society. Indiana University Press, Second Edition (2016)
Devor, A. H, & Matte, N (2004). "ONE Inc. and Reed Erickson: The Uneasy Collaboration of Gay and Trans Activism, 1964-2003." GLQ: A Journal of Gay and Lesbian Studies, 10(2), 179–209.

Devor, A. & Wilson, M. (Eds.) (2019). "Glimmerings: Trans Elders Tell Their Stories". Transgender Publishings,

References

External links
Aaron H. Devor Page of the University of Victoria Website

1951 births
Living people
Canadian sociologists
Academic staff of the University of Victoria
Canadian LGBT rights activists
Transgender male writers
Canadian transgender writers
Transgender studies academics
York University alumni
Simon Fraser University alumni
University of Washington College of Arts and Sciences alumni
Transgender academics
20th-century social scientists
21st-century social scientists
Canadian sexologists
21st-century Canadian LGBT people
Canadian LGBT academics


Jai Jinendra! ( ) (started in 7th CE) is a common greeting used by the Jains. The phrase means "Honor to the Supreme Jinas (Tirthankaras)"

The reverential greeting is a combination of two Sanskrit words: Jai and Jinendra
The word, Jai is used to praise somebody. In Jai Jinendra, it is used to praise the qualities of the Jinas (conquerors).
The word Jinendra is a compound-word derived from the word Jina, referring to a human being who has conquered all inner passions and possess Kevala Gyan (pure infinite knowledge), and the word "Indra," which means chief or lord.

Meguti Aihole Jain Inscription
A slab on the outer east side wall of the Jain Meguti temple is inscribed in Sanskrit language and Old Kannada script. It is dated to 634 CE, and is a poem by Jain poet Ravikirti. He was in the court of king Pulakeshin II. This inscription opens with the equivalent of "Jai Jinendra" salutation in Sanskrit. The inscription is a panegyric by the Jain poet wildly praising his patron Pulakesin II.

The first verse reads:-"Victorious is the holy Jinendra ─ he who is exempt from old age, death and birth ─ in the sea of whose knowledge the whole world is comprised like an island. And next, long victorious is the immeasurable, wide ocean of the Chalukya family, which is the birth-place of jewels of men that are ornaments of the diadem of the earth." This 7th-century greeting remains a tradition among contemporary era Jains as "Jai Jinendra".

See also
God in Jainism
Mahavira

Notes

References

Greeting words and phrases of India
Jain practices