The Philmont station was a former New York Central Railroad station that served the residents of Claverack, New York.

History
The New York and Harlem Railroad built their main line through Philmont up to Chatham in January 1852, and the station was built shortly after this.
The station catered to a local community that had a substantial industry during the 19th and early 20th Centuries. The line provided both passenger and freight train services. The station was acquired by the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad in 1864 and eventually taken over by the New York Central Railroad, who also built a railroad hotel called The Empire House in the 1880s, and a new station in 1910.

On June 21, 1895, the station agent at Philmont, Harry Krooz, 43, along with his assistant, George Jacobi, 62, were found dead in the station depot. The conductor of the New York–Chatham train (no. 7) found the station depot locked (a departure from standard operation procedure) and saw Krooz and Jacobsia's bodies locked in the office. The railroad called for a local doctor, but they were declared deceased. Reports were that Krooz, a member of the railroad since 1869, was to be dismissed and an auditor was on his way to complete the transaction. No report was made at the time on why Jacobsia was also found dead. However, it was later discovered that Krooz shot Jacobsia (his father-in-law), then took his own life. Krooz was also found to be procrastinating at his job, requiring the replacement of a new agent was who on the train that discovered their dead bodies.

As with most of the Harlem Line, the merger of New York Central with Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968 transformed the station into a Penn Central Railroad station. However, with the demise of the Harlem Division passenger service on March 20, 1972, the station was closed for passengers and provided freight only services. Philmont provided commercial freight services until 1976, when the tracks north of Wassaic were dismantled. The former Empire House has been an American Legion Hall since 1948. The Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association plans to extend the trail along the right-of-way in front of the site of the former station.

References

Former New York Central Railroad stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1852
Railway stations closed in 1972
1852 establishments in New York (state)
Former railway stations in New York (state)
Transportation in Columbia County, New York
Railway stations in Columbia County, New York
1972 disestablishments in New York (state)
Railway stations in the United States closed in the 1970s


The Silesian Wikipedia () is the Silesian edition of Wikipedia. It was started on 26 May 2008.

History

The first attempt to launch the Silesian Wikipedia project took place in March 2006, but because of negative comments in the discussion section, the proposal was rejected.
In 2007 Wikipedia officially registered the Silesian language in its list of languages. The International Linguistic Organization SIL International followed this step on 18 July 2007 and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigned it the ISO code "szl".

A second application for a Wikipedia project in the Silesian language was submitted on 19 March 2008 as a result of discussions on the removal of articles written in Silesian language, which remained in the Polish edition of Wikipedia (in Silesia Wikiproject). After the initial acceptance of the proposal (100% positive, 0% negative votes) 31 March 2008, a test project was created in the Incubator Wikimedia projects. The following month it contained 100 articles in Silesian, including more than 1,800 separate pages. After two months all eight requirements necessary to create a new Wikipedia were implemented and finally Silesian Wikipedia was founded on 26 May 2008. The 1,000th article was included on 15 November 2008.

In October 2010, the Silesian Wikipedia was mentioned as one of the arguments for Silesian to become one of the regional languages in Poland. The project of the law implementing Silesian as a regional language was introduced to Sejm by parliament member Marek Plura.

Statistics
Data from   :

References

External links

 Silesian Wikipedia
  Silesian Wikipedia mobile version (not fully supported)

Wikipedias in Slavic languages
Internet properties established in 2008
Wikipedia
Polish encyclopedias
Czech encyclopedias


Short Stories is the debut album by Jon and Vangelis, the collaboration between Jon Anderson of the progressive rock band Yes and electronic music pioneer Vangelis. This was not the first time that the two had worked together: Vangelis had auditioned to be Rick Wakeman's replacement in Yes in 1974, but the role was given to Patrick Moraz. In 1975, Jon Anderson sang on "So Long Ago So Clear" from Heaven and Hell.

Background and composition
Putting overdubs aside, the cuts on Short Stories were all improvised one-take tape recordings tracked in 1979, with the album's working title Spont. [Spontaneous] Music based on this process. Vangelis said that the album may have taken a total of only two and a half non-consecutive weeks to produce, and "just four days to start with." Both Anderson and Vangelis wanted to work together just to have a fun time, the former explaining, "I won't say effortless, but the enjoyment of making music without prior conceptions, without deciding what it's going to be. Just do it." Sounds writer John Gill, who interviewed the pair for an article regarding how Short Stories was made, said that the two apparently wanted to make an album that would be out of the styles they had commonly been labeled under by both the press and consumers with past releases. Short Stories garners numerous elements of classical, pop, rock and folk.

Critical reception

Despite its commercial performance, critical response to Short Stories, both upon release and in retrospect, has been mixed. A Smash Hits journalist put the blame entirely on Anderson for making the album "entirely unlistenable"; he jokingly described his lyrics as "the kind of 'cosmic' drivel that gets hippies a bad name", and felt that the "tuneless" melodies were written by just coming up with notes and pitches at random. Billboard Magazine observer noted that Anderson's "clear voice" and his lyrics fit well with the structure of the compositions based on "swirling keyboard work". In a retrospective review, AllMusic reviewer Dave Connolly called the record "underwhelming", saying that it had very few "nearly memorable moments"; he criticized it for being more focused on melody than making the arrangements less "amorphous" and "paper-thin", an issue also present on the last Yes album Anderson sang on before working on Short Stories, Tormato.

Gary Graff, who wrote a mixed review for The Beaver County Times, mainly criticized Vangelis' musical work on the record, feeling it was much more of a Vangelis album than a collaborative LP between him and Anderson and would have been more commercially successful if only he was credited on it. Although he called it one of Vangelis' better releases so far, he also named it Anderson's worst to date. As for the latter's involvement, he praised his "strong" vocal performance, calling it far better than how he sang on Tormato, but opined he focused too much on word play that caused his lyrics to be too complex for average listeners. The length of each song was also panned in Graff's review, writing that listeners could lose interest in a track after only three minutes. He also wrote that it would garner fans of the works of bands such as Pink Floyd and King Crimson but backfire Anderson and Vangelis' plan of increasing attention from the Yes fan base.

In more favorable reviews, The Sydney Morning Herald's Madeleine d'Haeye called Short Stories "an innovative, pleasing combination of two highly talented musicians exploring new horizons", highlighting Anderson's "beautiful clarity of tone" when singing high pitches and Vangelis "finely matched" accompaniments. In 1982, R. S. Murthi reviewed the album for the New Straits Times as one of the "Aesthetes of electronics", spotlighting Anderson's "spirited energy" and Vangelis' skillful musical arrangements.

Track listing
All music by Vangelis; all lyrics by Jon Anderson

Vinyl and cassette
"Curious Electric" 6:42
"Each and Everyday" 3:43
"Bird Song" 1:26
"I Hear You Now" 5:13
"The Road" 4:31
"Far Away in Baagad" 2:18
"Love Is" 5:46
"One More Time" 6:18
"Thunder" 2:14
"A Play Within a Play" 7:00

CD
The CD insert lists ten tracks as per the vinyl / cassette release, but the CD is actually divided into eight tracks as follows.
"Curious Electric" 6:42
"Each and Everyday / Bird Song" 5:08
"I Hear You Now" 5:13
"The Road" 4:31
"Far Away in Baagad / Love Is" 8:04
"One More Time" 6:18
"Thunder" 2:14
"A Play Within a Play" 7:00

Personnel
Jon Anderson - all vocals
Vangelis - keyboards, synthesizers, piano, electronics
Raphael Preston - acoustic guitars on "The Road"
Technical
Raphael Preston - engineer
Veronique Skawinska - photography

Charts

Weekly

Year-end

Certifications

Production
Produced By Vangelis
Engineer: Raphael Preston
Mastering: Hitoshi Takiguchi

References

1980 debut albums
Jon and Vangelis albums
Polydor Records albums


The women's water polo tournament at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships, organised by the FINA, was held in Melbourne, Australia from 19 March to 1 April 2007.

The women's tournament was won by the United States, who beat Australia 6–5 in the final game.

Preliminary round

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Final round

Finals

5th–8th place

9th–12th place

13th–16th place

Medallists

Individual awards

 Most Valuable Player

 Best Goalkeeper

 Top Scorer
  — 20 goals

References

External links
 FINA Water Polo website
 Melbourne 2007

2007
Water Polo
Women's tournament
2007
2007 in women's water polo
Women's water polo in Australia
2007 in Australian women's sport


Sarah Gronert (born 6 July 1986) is a German former professional tennis player. She won a total of ten titles on the ITF Women's Circuit in her career and her best WTA ranking of 164 came on 14 May 2012.

Intersex condition
Gronert was born intersex, with both male and female genitalia. She had surgery at the age of 19 and is legally and competitively considered to be a woman.

ITF finals

Singles (9–5)

Doubles (1–0)

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
People from Düren (district)
Sportspeople from Cologne (region)
German female tennis players
Tennis people from North Rhine-Westphalia
Intersex sportspeople
Intersex women


The Martindale station was a former New York Central Railroad station that served the residents of Hillsdale, New York and was the next stop on the Harlem Division after Craryville.

History
The New York and Harlem Railroad built their main line through Martindale between 1848 and 1852, after community founder John Martin persuaded the railroad to run their line through the community. The train station was originally opened in 1854, when the line operated to Chatham, New York, and catered to a local community that had a substantial industry during the era of the NYCRR. The line provided both passenger and freight train services.

Some spectacular accidents in the early 20th century, led to a grade elimination project in 1929, the first within Columbia County. In 1946, the station was demoted to a flag stop, and was bought by an employee of the Harlem Division in 1949, who dismantled the wooden depot and used the wood to build his house in Philmont.

With the demise of the Harlem Division passenger service on March 20, 1972, the station was closed for passengers and provided freight only services. Martindale provided commercial freight services until 1976, when the tracks north of Wassaic were dismantled. The Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association plans to extend the trail along the right-of-way in front of the site of the former station.

See also
New York Central Railroad
New York and Harlem Railroad

References

Former New York Central Railroad stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1854
Railway stations closed in 1972
Former railway stations in New York (state)
Transportation in Columbia County, New York
Railway stations in Columbia County, New York
Railway stations in the United States closed in the 1970s


The Craryville station was a former New York Central Railroad station that served the residents of Copake, New York. It is currently located along New York State Route 23 in the hamlet of Craryville.

History
The New York and Harlem Railroad built their main line through Craryville between 1849 and 1852 leading to Chatham.  It was also intended to be the original northern terminus of the Dutchess and Columbia Railroad. The station catered to a local community that had a substantial industry during the era of the NY&H, and later when the New York Central Railroad (NYCRR) acquired the railroad. The line provided both passenger and freight train services, and even included a high-level freight loading dock.

However, with the demise of the Harlem Division passenger service on March 20, 1972, the station was closed for passengers and provided freight only services. Craryville provided commercial freight services until 1976, when the tracks north of Wassaic were dismantled. The Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association plans to extend the trail along the right-of-way in front of the site of the former station.

References

Former New York Central Railroad stations

Railway stations closed in 1972
1972 disestablishments in New York (state)
Former railway stations in New York (state)
Transportation in Columbia County, New York
Railway stations in Columbia County, New York


Teige is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Karel Teige (1900–1951), Czech graphic artist, photographer, and typographer
 Lisa Teige (born 1998), Norwegian actress and dancer
 Thomas Teige (born 1968), German martial artist, multiple world champion and world record holder in powerbreaking, vice world champion in breaking, multiple European champion in kickboxing and occasional actor


Stock assessments provide fisheries managers with the information that is used in the regulation of a fish stock.  Biological and fisheries data are collected in a stock assessment.

A wide array of biological data may be collected for an assessment.  These include details on the age structure of the stock, age at first spawning, fecundity, ratio of males to females in the stock, natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F), growth rate of the fish, spawning behavior, critical habitats, migratory habits, food preferences, and an estimate of either the total population or total biomass of the stock.

The following data regarding fisheries activities is collected:  the kinds of fisherman in the fishery, commercial versus recreational, and the gear that is used (longline, rod and reel, nets, etc.),   pounds of fish caught by each type of fisherman, the fishing effort each kind of fisherman expends, the age structure of the fish harvested by each group of fisherman, the ratio of males to females that are captured, how the fish are marketed, the value of the fish to the different fisherman groups, and the time and geographic location of the best catches.  Also in the assessment, geographical boundaries of different stocks or populations are defined.  From the combined biological and fisheries data, the current status and condition of the stock is defined and managers use this assessment to predict how in the future, stocks will respond to varying levels of fishing pressure.  Ultimately managers want to reduce the level of overfishing that occurs and restore stocks that have been overfished.

Defining stock
In fisheries management, stock refers to a harvested or managed unit of a fish.  Typically stocks are divided based on geographical location and not based on individual population.  Spanish mackerel are distributed from Maine to the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico.  They are divided into two stocks, based on whether they migrate northward along the eastern United States coast or if they migrate into the Gulf of Mexico.  Each stock of Spanish mackerel does not represent discrete populations.  Stocks are not always composed of a single species.  Stocks can be composed of multiple species due to their being harvested together or as a form of convenience for managers.  An example of a multispecies stock is river herring.  Alewives and blueback herring are labeled as river herring for management purposes due to their similar physical appearances and being harvested together.  Individuals within a stock are subdivided into cohorts.  A cohort is a group of fish born in the same year within a population or stock.

Gathering data
Data used in stock assessments can be classified as fishery-dependent data or fishery-independent data.  Fishery-dependent data is collected from the fishery itself, using both commercial and recreational sources.  There are a variety of methods for obtaining fishery-dependent data.  The most common approach is to use recorded landings.  Landings are a record of the amount of fish sold and the numbers are typically reported in total weight.  Another common mode for acquiring fishery-dependent data is through portside sampling of the catch of both recreational and commercial fisherman to obtain age and length information on the stock.  Other less common methods for obtaining data is through the use of onboard observers, self-reporting, telephone surveys, and vessel-monitoring surveys.

Fishery-independent data is obtained in the absence of any fishing activity.  The majority of this data is collected by state and federal agencies.  A wide variety of methods and gear types are used to acquire fishery-independent data.  Sampling equipment can include trawls, seines, acoustic and/or video surveys.  The study may focus on a single species, multiple species, or a specific age range or cohort.  Regardless of the method or approach, these surveys provide managers with an estimate of abundance.  Mark and recapture studies are commonly used to estimate movement, migration,  growth rate, natural mortality, and discard mortality.  Stock assessments are often completed using both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data.

Overfished versus overfishing
Overfished refers to the number of fish in the stock.  Typically a stock is described as being overfished when current biomass of a stock is lower than what is required to support the maximum sustainable yield.  Overfishing describes the rate of removal from a stock and can be categorized as two different types:  recruitment and economic.  Recruitment overfishing is when fishing pressure is too heavy to allow a fish population to replace itself.  Economic overfishing occurs when the level of fish harvesting is higher than that of economic efficiency and more fish are harvested than necessary to have maximum profits for the fishery.

Biological reference points
Biological reference points are the primary output of stock assessments and fishing regulations are set to meet these biological benchmarks.  There are several types of benchmarks are used depending on the preference of the regulating agency.  The benchmarks are used to control different aspects of the fishery or population.  Benchmarks that regulate fishing mortality include Fcurr, Fmsy,  Emsy, and MFMT.  Fcurr is the current level of fishing mortality, Fmsy is the fishing mortality that produces the maximum sustainable yield, and Emsy is the expected level of fishing that will produce the maximum sustainable yield.   SSBcurr, SSBmsy, and MSST are used in the regulation of biomass levels.  SSBcurr stands for the current spawning stock biomass, SSBmsy is the amount of spawning stock biomass needed to produce the maximum sustainable yield, and MSST is the minimum standing stock threshold.  The amount that is available to be harvested is controlled by the benchmarks MSY and OY.  MSY is the maximum sustainable yield and OY is the optimum yield of a stock.  The main difference between MSY and OY is that MSY considers only the biology of the fish while the OY considers the economic aspect of the harvest.

Some of these benchmarks are combined in the form of ratios in order to better understand the status of the stock.  A Fcurr/Fmsy ratio greater than one indicates that overfishing is occurring.  When SSBcurr/SSBmsy is greater than one, the MSY will be produced, but if it is less than one it means that the stock is overfished.  MFMT and MSST are used as limit reference points.  When MFMT is exceeded or the spawning stock size dips below MSST the fishery is shut down.  A benchmark that is currently gaining in popularity is SPR, spawning potential ratio.  The SPR is the average fecundity of a recruit over its lifetime when the stock is fished divided by the average fecundity of a recruit over its lifetime when the stock is unfished.  The SPR is based on the principle that certain levels of fish have to survive in order to spawn and replenish the stock at a sustainable level.

Catch curve
A catch curve is a descriptive figure that describes catch by age and length.  A catch curve only reflects fish that have recruited to a fishery and does not reflect the full age structure of a stock.  A catch curve illustrates the proportions that different age and size classes are harvested by a fishery.

Assessment models
The mathematical and statistical techniques used to complete a stock assessment are referred to as assessment models.  Three commonly used models are surplus production models, statistical age- or length-structured models, and virtual population analysis models.  Of these models, surplus production models are the least complex and require the least amount of data.  This model describes the stock solely in regards of biomass and the only used total catch and effort data.  These are most commonly used in situations limited data is available on a stock.  Statistical age(length)-structured models are based on the age(length) structure of a fished population.  These models use the proportional catch-at-age and/or length to predict the relative abundance of each age(length) class.  These calculated relative abundances are then used to estimate future abundances of the stock and harvest regulations are set based on the predicted future abundances.  In virtual population analysis models, catch-at-age data is used to estimate historical stock abundance.  From this analysis, the manager then determines if overfishing is occurring.  The type of model used depends on the data that is available. Modern stock assessment methods use statistical approaches to "integrate" multiple sources of information to estimate management quantities and their associated uncertainty.

After a stock assessment
After a stock assessment is completed, the findings are provided to regional fishery management councils.  The council identifies stocks that are in danger of overfishing or currently overfished, and then develops fishery management plans and regulations.  Fishery management plans (FMP) must protect fishery resources while maintaining opportunities for domestic recreational and commercial fishing at sustainable levels of effort and yield.  If a stock already has a FMP, the stock assessment is used to modify the FMP in response to current conditions.  The public are also encouraged to participate in the management process and public hearings are held to allow for comment before the new management policies are enforced.

References
 Cooper A. B. (2006) ''A Guide to Fisheries Stock Assessment From Data to Recommendations" University of New Hampshire.
 Haddon, Malcolm. (2001) Modeling and Quantitative Methods in Fisheries. Chapman and Hall.
 Wallace, R.K. and K.M. Fletcher.  Understanding Fisheries Management A Manual for understanding the Federal Fisheries Management Process, including analysis of the 1996 sustainable fisheries act. 2nd Edition.

Fisheries science


On 26 November 2008, the European Commission proposed a  European stimulus plan (also referred to as the European Economic Recovery Plan) amounting to 200 billion euros to cope with the effects of the global financial crisis on the economies of the members countries. It aims at limiting the economic slowdown of the economies through national economic policies, with measures extended over a period of two years.

Presentation of the plan
The European Commission presented on 26 November a plan to cope with the current economic crisis in the 27 member countries of the Union.

The plan combines short-term measures to stimulate demand and maintain jobs and longer-term measures to invest in strategical sectors, including research and innovation. The aim is to promote growth and ensure sustainable prosperity.

The plan includes targeted and temporary measures amounting to 200 billion euros, or 1.5% of EU GDP, using both the national budgets of the national governments, the budget of the EU and that of the European Investment Bank. The plan is scheduled on a period of two years.

Measures
The plan includes a broad range of actions at the national level and at EU level to help households and industrial firms (particularly automobile and construction).

The measures include:
 reflation: the Commission will allow Member States to break the Stability and Growth Pact for two or three years.
 incentives to investment: the plan outlines measures to encourage the fight against climate change and promotes strategic investments in buildings and energy-efficient technologies.
 lower rates: the ECB is invited to drop its rates.
 tax rebates: lowering taxation on green technology and eco-friendly cars, accompanied by scrappage programs
 social measures: the Commission proposed the governments to temporarily increase unemployment benefits and their duration, to increase allowances to households, to lower taxes on low incomes, to lower social security contributions paid on low wages by employers, to reduce labour costs paid by employees with low incomes, to provide subsidized loans or credit guarantees for companies, to reduce temporarily the VAT rate to support consumption. The Commission announced it would adopt by mid-March 2009 a proposal to lower VAT rates for services with high labour-intensiveness (such as catering).

National plans
National plans are often close to 1.2 percentage points of GDP, as recommended by the European Commission, and are focused on 2008 and 2009. However, Germany and Spain have announced fiscal stimulus of respectively 3.3% (two plans altogether) and 8.1% of their GDP.

The plan announced by the European Commission at the end of November recommended measures to revive the economy but did not specify much the nature of the plans. Some plans are focused on the stimulation of demand (United Kingdom, to a lesser extent Spain, Italy or the second German plan), other plans insist more in incentives to supply (French plan, first German plan ).

Measures took on expenditure to improve demand generally include measures to support medium-term growth
through increased public spending on infrastructures (road networks and railway) and aids to the housing sector (notably construction and renovation). Several countries have also announced short-term measures to relieve the effects of the crisis on the poorest people (increase in benefits and allowances to households with low incomes and unemployed). However, these aids have often limited effects on the economy, because their amounts are insignificant.

Other measures affected national taxation systems. The UK was the only country that opted for a temporary decline in the standard VAT rate, by 2.5 percentage points. In Germany, employer contributions were lowered. Most plans include incentive measures to SMEs and development of green energy.

References

External links
 European Commission website

Great Recession in Europe
European Union economic policy
European Union Stimulus Plan, 2008
Policy and political reactions to the Eurozone crisis


Animal Crack Box is a live box set by American experimental music act Animal Collective. It was released in limited quantities on May 11, 2009 by Catsup Plate Records.

Background
After being discussed for years before its actual production, this vinyl-only box set finally received its promised treatment. On 18 March 2009 Catsup released the track listing and cover art. A test pressing was offered on eBay to benefit Doctors Without Borders. The commercial version, a single vinyl-only edition of 1000 copies, was made available for purchase on May 11, 2009 via Fusetron.

Printed by VGKids in Ypsilanti, MI during the early months of 2009.

Track listing

Personnel
 Avey Tare
 Panda Bear
 Geologist
 Deakin

References

Animal Collective albums
2009 live albums


Endeavour is an impact crater located in the Meridiani Planum extraterrestrial plain within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars. Endeavour is about  in diameter. Using Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter data, phyllosilicate-bearing outcrops have been detected along its rim. These minerals may have formed under wet conditions in a low-acidic environment during the early history of Mars. There are raised rim segments to the north, east, and southwest. The rim has become worn, rounded and degraded, with infilling of plains material in a manner similar to the Victoria crater.

When compared to the surrounding plains, the crater floor shows an enhanced spectral signature of basalt and hematite. The interior contains two groups of dune fields. Images taken since 2008 show evidence of changes in some of the associated formations, which may be evidence of active erosion by the martian wind over a period of two to three years. The plains surrounding the rim show evidence of polyhydrated sulfate.

The Mars Exploration Rover-B Opportunity began travelling toward this crater in August 2008, with the rim coming into sight on March 7, 2009, and arriving at the edge on August 9, 2011.

Endeavour averages about  deep, with an area in its southeast that goes down to  deep, according to a publication called Degradation of Endeavour Crater, Mars by the Smithsonian Institution. The south-west depression goes down to an elevation of , the horse-shoe shaped depression sits in the south-east quadrant and is around minus  elevation, which is about  below the surrounding plains. It is noted that the crater has undergone various erosion processes, with wind being one cause.

Nomenclature
The International Astronomical Union named the crater after a town in Canada. The name was approved on 20 October 2008. Due to rules for naming craters, it is officially named after the Canadian town, but the reason this name was proposed was because rover team was using informal nicknames based on a voyage of HMS Endeavour.

An informal working nickname by the Mars mission for the crater was Endeavour, and features of it, are based on the voyage of HM Bark Endeavour, a British Royal Navy research vessel commanded by Lieutenant James Cook on his first voyage of discovery, to Fiji, New Zealand and Australia from 1769 to 1771, using Australian places named by James Cook. Examples include: Cape Dromedary, Point Hicks, Byron Bay, Cape Tribulation, Cape Byron, and Cape York. The purpose of the voyage was to observe the transit of Venus, to accurately measure the distance to the Sun, then to explore lands found on the return journey.

Geology
The crater is understood by the 2010s to have two main rock types, the Shoemaker Formation and the Matijevic Formation. It has been classified as a complex crater and it is thought to be so old many of its features have been worn away. Some questions were raised about the tilt of the rim, however understanding is hampered by a lack of knowledge about Martian impact craters: Endeavour was the largest Martian impact crater up to that time to be studied that closely. An example of the difficulty of studying Mars features is also apparent with Orcus Patera, which has various volcanic, tectonic, or cratering events explanations for its formation. One famous Mars realization was that what was then called Nix Olympica was a volcano, and then renamed Olympus Mons thanks to Mariner 9 orbiter observations in the early 1970s. Endeavour was identified as having clay minerals, as detected from orbit by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which according to theories at that time indicated rock from an older, wetter, time period on Mars. This type of rock is different from what prevails in other areas of surrounding plains.

What is expected to be a fluid-carved gully was identified at Endeavour, probably water. This gully is targeted for exploration by the MER-B rover mission as of October 2016. It reached the gully in 2017 and it was named Perseverance Valley

Mineral map of surrounding

Western rim

Cape York (Mars), at the northern end of the Eastern rim
Greeley Haven (MER-B over-Mars-wintered here)
Matijevic Hill
Odyssey Crater
Shoemaker Ridge
Spirit Point (MER-B reached here in August 2011)
Sutherland Point
Nobby's Head, just below Cape York
Botany Bay, an open area between Cape York and Solander Point
Solander Point
Murray Ridge
Pilinger Point
Widowak Ridge
Ulysses crater
Cape Tribulation
Marathon Valley
Spirit Mound
Cape Bryon
Perseverance Valley, erosion network in this section of the rim, reached by MER-B in 2017
Cape Dromedary
Point Hicks
Torres Strait (from the end of Point Hicks to Batavia on the southern rim)

The next rim section proceeding counter-clockwise around the crater is Batavia, on the southern end of the whole crater but East of Torres Strait

Western rim mineral map

Western rim elevation

Western rim

Western rim sections from Solander to Marathon

3492 (November 2013)

3500 to 3689 (June 2014)

3728 to 3757 (August 2014)
Roughly in the center is Ulysses crater, visited by MER-B around Sol 3790 (September 2014)

3750 to 3869 (December 2014)
Ulysses crater is roughly top-center location, visited by MER-B around Sol 3790 (September 2014)

3870 to 4209 (December 2015)

October 2016 (with labels)
Explored in by the MER-B rover, several locations including the crater Spirit of St. Louis with Lindberg Mound, Marathon Valley, Lewis and Clark pass, and Spirit mound among other features on or very near the Western rim

to 4625 (January 2017)

to 4695 (April 2017)
Cape Tribulation and Cape Bryon

Up to 4836 (September 2017)
Throughout 2017, Opportunity worked its way south along the Western rim as it moved towards the gully, which the team named Perseverance Valley in April 2017.

Eastern rim

Opportunity

MER-B has had such new discoveries at the crater, that the rover team compared Endeavour to the equivalent of a second landing site for Opportunity. For example, On sol  (August 22, 2011) the rover began examining Tisdale 2, a large ejecta block. "This is different from any rock ever seen on Mars," said Steve Squyres, principal investigator for Opportunity at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.

The journey to Endeavour

In August 2008, Mars Exploration Rover-B Opportunity set to reach Endeavour and began a journey towards it. Some craters that were previously explored by Opportunity include the crater Victoria which is  in diameter, Endurance crater which is  in diameter, and the crater Eagle which is  in diameter.

On March 7, 2009 (sol 1,820), Opportunity first imaged the rim of Endeavour after driving about  since it left Victoria in August 2008. Opportunity also imaged the crater Iazu, which is about  away and about  in diameter. At that time, Opportunity was  from Endeavour as the Martian crow flies, but to avoid hazards, it was estimated that it would take about 30% more driving distance than that to reach Endeavour. Based on the amount of time it had taken to drive from Victoria, it was estimated that this journey would take over one Martian year (23 months). On May 5, 2010, to avoid hazardous dune fields along the direct path between Victoria and Endeavour, the charted route between the two craters was extended to an estimated 19 kilometers.

On September 8, 2010, it was announced that Opportunity had reached the halfway point of the 19-kilometer journey between Victoria and Endeavour. By June 28, 2011, Opportunity was just under  from landfall at the rim of Endeavour.

On August 4, 2011, Opportunity was only  from the rim of Endeavour, and on August 9, 2011 Opportunity arrived at the west rim near Spirit Point to study outcrops never seen before.

When it arrived it explored the northwest outcrops at Cape York (Mars) of the crater before heading south to Solander Point and the Western rim.

Solander point

Homestake Vein

In December 2011, Opportunity rover discovered a vein of gypsum sticking out of the soil along the rim of Endeavour. Tests confirmed that it contained calcium, sulfur, and water. The mineral gypsum is the best match for the data. It likely formed from mineral-rich water moving through a crack in the rock. The vein is called "Homestake." It could have been produced in conditions more neutral than the harshly acidic conditions indicated by the other sulfate deposits; hence this environment may have been more hospitable for a large variety of living organisms. Homestake is in a zone where the sulfate-rich sedimentary bedrock of the plains meets older, volcanic bedrock exposed at the rim of Endeavour.

Wdowiak Ridge
A view looking north-north west with the Western and Northwest Endeavour segments

Proximity to Schiaparelli landing ellipse
In October 2016 ESA's Schiaparelli lander attempted to re-use the proven Meridiani Planum landing site, with a landing ellipse that kisses the Endeavour crater location where Opportunity was still functioning. This allowed the opportunity for Opportunity to attempt to image the lander during its descent from the surface of Mars. Contact was lost during descent

Proximity to MSL landing site candidates
Two of the seven final landing candidates for MSL were relatively near to Endeavour, one was in Miyamoto (crater) and another was south of Endeavour in southerner Meridiani. Gale (crater) won the selection

Cape Tribulation

MER-B from 2011 to 2016 explored the Western rim of Endeavour, starting at Cape York (Mars) then moving down through Botany Bay to Solander Point, along Murray Ridge moving south to Marathon Valley; in late 2016 it began moving inward to the crater floor: It then moved back to the rim and went south to gully named Perseverance Valley, leaving the Cape Tribulation section, and heading towards Cape Bryon.

Spirit of St. Louis
This crater sits at the Western mouth of Marathon Valley, south Cape Tribulation on the western rim of Endeavour. It was visited by the MER-B Opportunity rover in May 2015.

Above Perseverance Valley by Opportunity
Perseverance Valley is an erosion network in the Cape Bryon section of the Western Endeavour rim. It was named in April 2017 by the MER-B team, which previously referred to it as the gully.

Context

Comparison
Endeavour is about the same size as Valles Caldera in the U.S. State of New Mexico, a volcanic Caldera of the Valles Caldera National Preserve. Endeavour has been compared to the Mars craters' Santa Fe (crater), which is about 20.2 km in diameter, and also to Tooting (crater), which is 27.5 km in diameter.

See also
List of craters on Mars
Geography of Mars
Cape York (Mars) (Point on western ridge where Mars rover Opportunity arrived at in 2011)
Solander Point (Point on western ridge ascended by a Mars rover Opportunity in 2013)
Nearby Locations in Meridiani Planum:
Victoria Crater
Iazu (crater)
Bopolu (crater)
Miyamoto (crater)

References

External links

 Official Mars Rovers website
Opportunity: Iazu Crater profiles (As seen from rim of Endeavour crater)
Endeavour crater as seen during MER-B's approach to the crater with some locations noted around the crater
HiRise Analysis of the Western Rim of Endeavour Crater, Meridiani Planum, Mars: Morphology, Composition and Topography. University of Tennessee
HiRise - search for Endeavour crater related images
HiRise - DTM - North-Central Endeavour Crater
HiRise - DTM - Endeavour Crater Western Rim
DLR - ExoMars Schiaparelli's landing site on Mars 11 August 2016
HRSC Viewer
HiRise image of the western rim
Degradation of Endeavour Crater, Mars

Impact craters on Mars
Mars Exploration Rover mission
Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle


Wurtsboro–Sullivan County Airport  is a privately owned, public use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) northeast of the central business district of Wurtsboro, in Sullivan County, New York, United States. It is privately owned by a local pilot.  It is commonly called Wurtsboro Airport.

It is believed to be the oldest operating glider airport in the nation. The airport is located along Route 209 and the D & H Canal in the town of Mamakating.

History
The grave of Manual Gonsalus, the first non-Indian settler, is located on the Airport. His tombstone is dated April 18, 1752, and is one of the oldest tombstones in the state.

Before it was an airport, it was the Helm Family farm. The first known operator of the Wurtsboro Airport was Lee Lord, he gave flying lessons in the 1920–30s. In the 1940s Wurtsboro Airport was bought by Anthony Barone Sr, and his wife Theresa from Hoboken, NJ. Anthony raised his family on the airport, in the old homestead that used to reside there. The Barones kept it a family business for many years, with both George and his sister Patricia running the business. Patricia and George ran a very well known airport offering glider and airplane rides, lessons and rental with many private clientele from New York City. Including the late Christopher Reeve, who used to fly gliders out of the airport.

The airport is located on Barone Road in the town of Mamakating, just north of the village of Wurtsboro.
After the sudden illness and subsequent deaths of both George and Patricia Barone, the airport was sold by the remaining family.
In 2006 the airport was acquired by Shalom Lamm.  In February of 2021 it was purchased by one of the pilots who grew to love the airport over the many years he flew there. The airport still offers scenic airplane and glider rides today, as well as flying lessons, aircraft rental and aircraft maintenance.

Facilities and aircraft
Wurtsboro Airport covers an area of  which contains four unlit runways:
 Runway 5/23: 3592 x 60 ft (1095 x 18 m), Surface: Asphalt
 Runway 14/32: 2101 x 120 ft (640 x 37 m), Surface: Turf
 Runway 18/36: 1250 x 150 ft (381 x 46 m), Surface: Turf
 Runway 9/27: 1100 x 110 ft (335 x 34 m), Surface: Turf

Services available:
 Glider and Power Rides, Instruction, Rental, Sales and Tow.
 Hangars and Tiedowns.
 Attended 0900 – 1700.

There are 97 aircraft based at this airport: 52 single-engine and 45 gliders.

References

External links
 Historic Wurtsboro Airport flies high after transformation
 Wurtsboro Airport takes off again under new leaders
 Wurtsboro Airport

Airports in New York (state)
Transportation buildings and structures in Sullivan County, New York


Séraphîta () is a French novel by Honoré de Balzac with themes of androgyny. It was published in the Revue de Paris in 1834. In contrast with the realism of most of the author's best known works, the story delves into the fantastic and the supernatural to illustrate philosophical themes.

In a castle in Norway near the fjord Stromfjord, Séraphitüs, a strange and melancholic being, conceals a terrible secret. Séraphitüs loves Minna, and she returns this love, believing Séraphitüs to be a man. But Séraphitüs is also loved by Wilfrid, who considers Séraphitüs to be a woman (Séraphîta).

In reality, Séraphitüs-Séraphîta is a perfect androgyne, born to parents who by the doctrines of Emanuel Swedenborg have transcended their humanity, and Séraphitüs-Séraphîta is the perfect example of humanity.

Ruggero Leoncavallo wrote a symphonic poem based on the story.

An early drawing of Paul Gauguin's ceramic sculpture Oviri bears the inscription Et le monstre, entréignant sa créature, féconde de sa semence des flancs généreux pour engendrer Séraphitus-Séraphita ("And the monster, embracing its creation, filled her generous womb with seed and fathered Séraphitus-Séraphita"), referring to the novel.

From 2010 to 2014 Ouriel Zohar staged Seraphita, his adaptation of the novel starring Barbara Heman at the Théâtre de l'Île Saint-Louis in Paris, and then in several countries around the world.

References

Sources

External links

Androgyny
Books of La Comédie humaine
Novels first published in serial form
Works originally published in Revue de Paris
1834 French novels
Novels set in Norway
French LGBT novels
Bisexuality-related fiction
Emanuel Swedenborg
Novels by Honoré de Balzac
French novels adapted into plays
1830s LGBT novels


Eric Lynn Hacker (born March 26, 1983) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. Hacker stands  and weighs . He throws right-handed but is a switch hitter. He has also played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Minnesota Twins, and San Francisco Giants. He throws a fastball, a slider, a curveball, and a changeup.

Hacker was drafted out of Duncanville High School by the New York Yankees in 2002. He pitched in their minor league system from 2002 to 2009 (missing 2004 and 2006 with injuries) before getting traded to the Pirates. He made his major league debut with Pittsburgh on September 22, 2009, and pitched in three games for them that season. He signed with the Giants in the offseason and spent the entire 2010 season in the minor leagues. In 2011, he signed with the Twins and appeared in two games with them. He signed with San Francisco in 2012 and made his first career start in the majors, recording a loss. He also pitched three games in relief for the Giants that year.

High school and personal life
Hacker was born in Duncanville, Texas; growing up, he attended Duncanville High School. He was named the starting quarterback on the school's football team his senior year, but he broke his foot in the second game of the season. Although some colleges were interested in him as a football player, he decided to concentrate on baseball as a result of the injury. As a senior, he was a third-team Class 5A All-State pitcher. Currently, Hacker lives in Southlake, Texas, with his wife, Christine, whom he married in November 2008. He is a Dallas Cowboys fan. Two of his hobbies are fishing and pool.

Professional career

New York Yankees organization
Drafted by the New York Yankees in the 23rd round of the 2002 Major League Baseball draft, Hacker began his career with the GCL Yankees of the rookie-level Gulf Coast League. He appeared in three games with them in 2002. In 2003, he appeared in seven games (five starts) with them, posting a 3–2 record, a 2.86 earned run average (ERA), 26 strikeouts, and seven walks in  innings pitched. He also pitched with the Staten Island Yankees of the Class A short-season New York–Penn League, where he had no record and an ERA of 1.00 in two starts. He underwent Tommy John surgery in 2004 and missed the entire season. During his time with the GCL Yankees, he was roommates with Brandon Weeden. The two still correspond.

In 2005, Hacker pitched for the Charleston RiverDogs of the Class A South Atlantic League and was named to the league's All-Star game. On July 2, he threw eight shutout innings in a 1–0 victory over the Rome Braves. However, he was placed on the disabled list the next day and missed the rest of the season with right shoulder inflammation. In 10 starts, Hacker had a 5–2 record, a 1.60 ERA, 40 strikeouts, 14 walks, and one complete game in 62 innings pitched. Hacker missed the entire 2006 season after undergoing right shoulder surgery.

Hacker began 2007 with Charleston, where he had a 9–2 record, a 2.56 ERA, 54 strikeouts, 18 walks, and 95 innings pitched in 17 starts. He also appeared in nine games (seven starts) for the Tampa Yankees of the Class A advanced Florida State League (FSL), posting a 3–3 record, a 6.10 ERA, 22 strikeouts, and 14 walks in  innings. He finished the season by appearing in one game (which he won) with the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees of the Class AAA International League (IL).

Hacker began 2008 with Tampa. He was named the FSL Pitcher of the Week from April 8 to 14 after throwing 14 scoreless innings. After recording a 2–2 record, a 1.87 ERA, 31 strikeouts, nine walks, and 53 innings pitched in nine starts, he was promoted to the Trenton Thunder of the Class AA Eastern League on May 28. In 17 starts with the Thunder, he had a 7–4 record, a 2.76 ERA, 84 strikeouts, and 28 walks in  innings pitched. His minor league totals were a 9–6 record, a 2.43 ERA, 79 strikeouts, 33 walks, and  innings pitched in 26 starts. In the playoffs, he had a 2–0 record and a 1.54 ERA in two starts as the Thunder won the Eastern League championship.

In 2009, Hacker attended spring training with New York for the first time but was sent to the minors on March 8 after two games. He began the season with Trenton, where he recorded a 1–1 record, a 4.11 ERA, eight strikeouts, seven walks, and  innings pitched in three starts. After three starts, he was promoted to Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, where he had an 0–1 record, a 7.88 ERA, 12 strikeouts, four walks, and 16 innings pitched in three starts. On May 9, he was designated for assignment to make room on the 40-man roster for Brett Tomko.

Pittsburgh Pirates
On May 16, Hacker was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates for Rómulo Sánchez. The Pirates assigned him to the Indianapolis Indians of the International League. He was named the IL Pitcher of the Week for August 3–9 after winning both of his starts and striking out 14 hitters during the week. He recorded a 5–5 record, a 4.02 ERA, 82 strikeouts, 46 walks, and  innings pitched in 21 starts and was called up to the majors for the first time on September 8 following the IL season. Hacker said upon being called up:

Hacker made his major league debut on September 22, allowing two runs in an inning in a 10–4 loss to the Cincinnati Reds. He pitched a scoreless inning in a 6–0 loss to the Chicago Cubs in his next game on September 29. In his final game of the year on October 4, he pitched a scoreless inning in a 6–0 loss to Cincinnati. Hacker had no record, a 6.00 ERA, one strikeout, two walks, and three innings pitched in his three games with the Pirates. He was outrighted (sent to the minors and removed from the 40-man roster) on November 6, and he became a minor league free agent on November 9.

San Francisco Giants (first stint)
On December 18, 2009, Hacker signed with the San Francisco Giants. He pitched in four games for the Giants in spring training but was sent to the minors after posting a 14.29 ERA. With the Fresno Grizzlies of the AAA Pacific Coast League (PCL), he won eight consecutive decisions from July 4 to August 20. In 29 starts, Hacker posted a 16–8 record, a 4.51 ERA, 129 strikeouts, and 62 walks in  innings pitched. He tied for the PCL lead in starts with Lance Lynn while finishing sixth in innings pitched, sixth in ERA, and fourth in strikeouts (behind Lynn (141), Brandon Dickson (137), and Michael Kirkman (130)). His 16 wins led the PCL, the highest total since 1995 when Donne Wall won 17. On November 6, he became a free agent.

Minnesota Twins
On November 9, 2010, Hacker signed with the Minnesota Twins. He attended spring training but was sent to the minors after posting a 13.50 ERA in five games. He was called up to Minnesota on April 19 to replace Alex Burnett (who was optioned) in the bullpen; Twins manager Ron Gardenhire said, "We need a long guy [in the bullpen]." He made his Twins' debut that day, throwing two scoreless innings in an 11–0 loss to the Baltimore Orioles. In his next game on April 27, he gave up one unearned run in  innings but allowed three inherited runners to score in an 8–2 loss to the Tampa Bay Rays. After the game, Hacker was optioned back to Triple-A Rochester to make room on the roster for Anthony Swarzak. On July 17, he was outrighted off the 40-man roster to make room for Scott Diamond. With the Rochester Red Wings of the International League, Hacker had a 7–14 record, a 6.10 ERA, 98 strikeouts, 50 walks, and  innings pitched in 26 games (25 starts). He tied with Diamond for the league lead in losses, ranked sixth in the league in walks, led the league in runs allowed (103), and ranked third in the league in earned runs allowed (92, behind Thad Weber's 95 and Corey Kluber's 93). On October 4, he became a free agent.

San Francisco Giants (second stint)
In 2012, Hacker re-signed with the Giants. He was called up to make his first career start for the Giants on April 27 due to an earlier doubleheader. He allowed three runs and got the loss (his first career decision) but recorded seven strikeouts in six innings as the San Diego Padres defeated the Giants 5–3. After the game, he was returned to Fresno to make room for Steve Edlefsen on the roster. Hacker was selected to the PCL All-Star Game in 2012. On August 17, he was called up to be used as a long reliever soon after Brad Penny was placed on the disabled list. The next day, he gave up a run in  innings (a home run by Carlos Quentin) in an 8–7 victory over San Diego. He gave up a run in one inning (a home run by Will Venable) in a 7–1 loss to San Diego on August 19. He allowed a run in one inning in a 7–3 loss to the Atlanta Braves in his next outing on August 25. After the game, Hacker was optioned to Fresno to make room for Eli Whiteside when the Giants decided to have three catchers on their roster. With the Giants, he had an 0–1 record, a 5.59 ERA, eight strikeouts, two walks, and  innings pitched in four games (one start).

In 26 games (25 starts) with Fresno, Hacker had a 12–6 record, a 4.01 ERA, 103 strikeouts, and 43 walks in  innings pitched. He tied with Tom Koehler, Ryan Verdugo, and Brad Peacock for fourth in the PCL in wins (behind John Ely's and Sean O'Sullivan's 14 and Barry Enright's 13) and finished fourth in ERA (behind Ely's 3.20, Yusmeiro Petit's 3.46, and Brad Hand's 4.00). He was designated for assignment on September 4 to make room for Emmanuel Burriss on the Giants' roster, and he became a free agent four days later.

NC Dinos

On January 15, 2013, Hacker signed with the NC Dinos in their inaugural season in the KBO League. Hacker was part of a starting rotation alongside fellow former MLB pitchers Charlie Shirek and Adam Wilk. On April 4, Hacker started against the Lotte Giants. He pitched 7 innings while allowing 3 earned runs, but no run support and poor defense caused him to take the loss. During the rest of April, Hacker had a lot of trouble in dealing with runners on base, because his pitching motion was vulnerable to stolen bases. So, by the end of April, Hacker was forced to make changes his pitching delivery. On March 10, he faced the Doosan Bears, and his delivery was changed. Twelve days later, he got his first win in KBO.

In late 2013, Hacker re-signed for the 2014 season with NC Dinos. He later re-signed twice with the Dinos. Hacker's best season in the KBO was 2015, when he led the league with 19 wins to go along with a 3.13 ERA and 164 strikeouts. For his efforts we was given the 2015 pitcher's Golden Glove Award. Hacker pitched for the Dinos in the 2016 Korean Series, starting and losing Game Two. On December 27, 2016, Hacker signed a one-year, $1 million contract to remain with the Dinos. He started and won the deciding fifth game of the 2017 Semi-playoffs against the Lotte Giants, as the Dinos won 9-0.

Nexen Heroes
On June 20, 2018, Hacker signed a $300,000 contract with the Nexen Heroes of the KBO League.

Hacker spent six seasons in the KBO League, going 61–37 (.622 winning percentage) with a 3.66 ERA and 675 strikeouts.

Pitching style
Hacker throws four pitches: a fastball, a slider, a curveball, and a changeup. Early in his minor league career, he only threw the fastball and the slider; former Indians' pitching coach Ray Searage believes the other two pitches have helped him keep hitters "off balance." After his first start (against the Padres in 2012), Padres' manager Bud Black said, "He has a deliberate motion out of the windup."

References

External links

Career statistics and player information from the KBO League

1983 births
Living people
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from Texas
Sportspeople from Duncanville, Texas
Gulf Coast Yankees players
Staten Island Yankees players
Charleston RiverDogs players
Tampa Yankees players
Trenton Thunder players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players
Indianapolis Indians players
Fresno Grizzlies players
Rochester Red Wings players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Minnesota Twins players
San Francisco Giants players
NC Dinos players
KBO League pitchers
American expatriate baseball players in South Korea
Duncanville High School alumni


The Adamant Range is a subrange of the Big Bend Ranges of the Selkirk Mountains of the Columbia Mountains in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located on the west side of Columbia Reach, Kinbasket Lake, north of Glacier National Park.

References

Adamant Range in the Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia

External links
 Adamant Range (photo): Flickr

Big Bend Ranges


"You Can Do Magic" is a song by singer-songwriter Russ Ballard that was recorded as a 1982 single by folk rock duo America from their album View from the Ground.

The song was one of two Ballard compositions on View from the Ground, the other being "Jody". Ballard wrote both songs specifically for America at the behest of Rupert Perry, A&R vice president for Capitol Records. Ballard also produced the tracks marking a return to record production after a four-year hiatus; although Ballard had earlier hits as a songwriter, "You Can Do Magic" was his first major hit credit as a producer.

"You Can Do Magic" proved a solid comeback vehicle for America whose last Top 40 hit—"Today's the Day"—had occurred in 1976; the second of two subsequent appearances on the Hot 100 was in 1979. "You Can Do Magic" returned America to the Top 40 in August 1982 with the track reaching No. 8 that October, and holding that position for five weeks. The popularity of "You Can Do Magic" was paralleled by the success of the parent View From the Ground album which rose to No. 41 on Billboard listing of the top 200 albums, the first time an album by America as a duo (rather than the original trio) had appeared in that chart's upper half.

International chart placings for "You Can Do Magic" include No. 30 in Australia, No. 37 in Canada, No. 20 in Ireland, No. 27 in Italy, No. 12 in New Zealand, and No. 59 in the UK.

The success of "You Can Do Magic" led to America recording their 1983 album Your Move with Russ Ballard as producer. A re-recording of the song later appeared on the band's 1994 album, Hourglass.

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Music video
The music video opens up with a gloved hand throwing glitter, which then pixelates into the band performing the song, amidst a cloudy background. Some shots feature a set of hands flipping cards (referencing the classic magic trick). On 17 July 2019, the video was officially uploaded on YouTube.

Personnel
America
Gerry Beckley – lead vocals
Dewey Bunnell – vocals

Backing musicians
Russ Ballard – acoustic, electric and bass guitars, keyboards  and backing vocals
Chuck Kirkpatrick - additional backing vocals
Willie Leacox - drums

See also
 List of Billboard Hot 100 top 10 singles in 1982

References

1982 songs
1982 singles
Songs written by Russ Ballard
America (band) songs
Capitol Records singles
Song recordings produced by Russ Ballard


Debbie Kruger (born 14 August 1962) is an Australian music journalist and pop-culture writer. She wrote Songwriters Speak in August 2005, which contains interviews with 45 Australian and New Zealand songwriters about their craft. Kruger was the Sydney correspondent for weekly entertainment newspaper, Variety, for three years with the moniker of krug. She works in public relations with her company Kruger PRofiles and in radio broadcasting, she has also worked as Manager of Communications for Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA).

Biography
Debbie Kruger was born in 1962 in Sydney, New South Wales, the first child of English-born Lou Kruger and Romanian-born Lisa Kruger née Berkowitz. She was brought up with younger sister Paula in the Jewish faith as members of the North Shore Synagogue. She attended primary school in a class group of seven children at Masada College, then secondary school with 200 students at Killara High School. She dropped out of her Communications degree course at Mitchell College of Advanced Education (now Charles Sturt University) in Bathurst in 1981. She completed tertiary studies with a Bachelor of Arts, followed by Master of Arts in Theatre Studies, at the University of NSW. Kruger developed an interest in theatre and decided to undertake a career in dramaturgy.

Kruger's first job was with the Australian Writers' Guild in 1985 as a membership officer, she became a freelance journalist in 1986, writing on pop-culture, including Music, Film & Television, Arts & Theatre, Travel, and Lifestyle. Kruger was a staff writer for the weekly entertainment newspaper, Variety, becoming the Sydney correspondent during December 1986 – February 1990, and then based in London from March 1990, but she left Variety at the end of the year. While writing for Variety her reviews used Krug as her moniker.

Moving back to Sydney in mid-1992, Kruger established a national public relations business, Kruger PRofiles, whose clients included the Brisbane Biennial International Music Festival and the Brisbane International Film Festival (BIFF). Kruger based herself in Byron Bay from 1993 and provided a weekly radio show on community radio station Bay FM 99.9 called Debbie Does Breakfast. She spent a year in Los Angeles in 1998–1999 before moving back to Byron Bay in mid-1999 as PR Manager for Sunspirit Aromatherapy.

Kruger returned to Sydney and became Manager of Communications and Public Affairs with the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) during 2000–2003. She orchestrated the publicity for APRA's 75th anniversary celebrations on 28 May 2001 including the showcasing of APRA's Ten best Australian songs at the APRA Awards, 20 songs from the Top 30 had been announced by Kruger four weeks earlier. While involved with this project, Kruger met and interviewed many of Australia's finest songwriters and decided to write a book; she left APRA in 2003, to concentrate on her writing. On 1 August 2005, Kruger published, Songwriters speak : conversations about creating music, which contains interviews with 45 Australian and New Zealand songwriters about their craft. As of March 2009, Kruger was living in Byron Bay, broadcasting Debbie Does Breakfast on Bay FM 99.9, and running Kruger PRofiles.

Personal life
Kruger has a younger sister, Paula. Their father, Lou Kruger, was born in England, relocated to Australia, retired in 1990 and died on 17 March 2004. Their mother, Lisa née Berkowitz, was born in Romania in 1940, grew up in a United States foster home, relocated to Australia in 1958 where she met and married Lou in 1959. Lisa had a love of painting and travelling, and died in Australia on 9 November 2007.

Bibliography

References

External links

1962 births
Australian music journalists
Australian freelance journalists
Australian people of Romanian-Jewish descent
Australian people of English-Jewish descent
Australian women journalists
Jewish Australian writers
Journalists from Sydney
Living people
University of New South Wales alumni
Writers from Sydney


The Posavac Hound (FCI No. 154) (Croatian: posavski gonič) is a breed of dog, originating as a hunting dog of the scenthound type. Croatia is the home country for the breed. The name translates into English as the Scenthound From The Sava Valley, but is usually translated as the Posavac Hound.

Appearance
The Posavac Hound is a solidly built dog with a somewhat long body, close-fitting drop ears, a long tail, and a gentle expression. The breed has an ideal height around 50 cm (20 ins) at the withers. The short, flat coat is slightly longer on the belly and backs of legs (feathering). Coat colour is a reddish wheaten, marked with white.

History
There is no actual proof of great antiquity for this breed, although there is much fanciful conjecture. The type is very old, and the modern breed resembles images seen in frescoes as early as 1497. Writers cited as having mentioned the type include Bishop of Đakovo Petar Bakić in 1719 and the veterinarian Franjo Bertić, also of Đakovo, in 1859. Hounds from the Sava Valley (Posavina, south-east of Zagreb) were sold as boskini in Croatia in the 1800s. The ancestry of the dogs was documented starting in 1929, when registrations for the stud book were first taken. The breed was internationally recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1955, and the name was clarified in 1969. The breed has been known since then as the Posavac Hound.

The breed is recognised in North America by the United Kennel Club in the Scenthound Group, and by a number of minor registries, hunting clubs, and internet-based dog registry businesses, and is promoted as a rare breed for those seeking a unique pet.

Health and temperament
No unusual diseases or claims of extraordinary health have been documented for this breed. The breed standard describes the ideal temperament as docile and an enthusiastic hunter.

See also
 Dogs portal
 List of dog breeds
 Istrian Shorthaired Hound
 Istrian Coarse-haired Hound

References

FCI breeds
Scent hounds
Dog breeds originating in Croatia
Rare dog breeds


Nathan Williams may refer to:
Nathan Williams (rugby union) (born 1983), Welsh rugby player
Nathan Williams (politician) (1773–1835), United States Representative from New York
Nathan Williams (Zydeco) (born 1964), American Zydeco accordionist and singer
Nathan Williams (EastEnders), character from the British soap opera EastEnders
Nathan Hale Williams (born 1976), American film and television producer
Nathan Williams, guitarist and founding member of surf rock band Wavves
Nathan Williams, founder and editor-in-chief of magazine Kinfolk


The Windy Range is a subrange of the Big Bend Ranges of the Selkirk Mountains of the Columbia Mountains in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located on the west side of Columbia Reach, Kinbasket Lake north of Windy Creek.

References

Windy Range in the Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia

Big Bend Ranges


Prisoners of the Lost Universe is a 1983 British fantasy science fiction action film by Terry Marcel and Harry Robertson. Shot in South Africa, three people are transported to a parallel universe when an earthquake occurs just as the scientist is experimenting with his "matter" transmitter. The trio must escape the strange world of Vonya while dealing with a number of villains.

Plot
TV personality Carrie Madison goes to visit crackpot scientist Dr. Hartmann who has invented a teleporter to another dimension. On the way she gets into a car accident with electrician Dan Roebuck, mainly caused by earthquake tremors, which effectively destroys Dan's pickup, and they argue. While demonstrating his machine to Carrie, Hartmann disappears. Dan comes to the house looking for help; while he and Carrie examine the machine they, too, disappear. Carrie finds herself alone in what appears to be a prehistoric world in a parallel universe, called Vonya, where time runs differently. Unable to find the Doctor, Dan and Carrie must figure out a way to get back home. Before they can do that, however, they must deal with tribes of savage cavemen, as well as a brutal warlord named Kleel who has taken a liking to Carrie and seems to be unusually well-supplied with Earth technology...

Cast

 Richard Hatch as Dan Roebuck
 Kay Lenz as Carrie Madison
 John Saxon as Kleel
 Larry Taylor as Vosk
 Peter O'Farrell as Malachi
 Ray Charleson as The Greenman
 Kenneth Hendel as Dr Hartmann
 Philip Van der Byl as The Manbeast
 Dawn Abraham as Shareen
 Ron Smerczak as Head Trader
 Charles Comyn as Treet
 Ian Steadman as 1st Prisoner
 Bill Flynn as 2nd Prisoner
 Danie Voges as Giant Nabu
 Myles Robertson as Waterbeast

Copyright status

Prisoners of the Lost Universe is registered as copyright to Samuel Goldwyn Company in the United States Copyright Office database.

References

External links

Prisoners of the Lost Universe free to download at Archive.org

1983 films
British science fiction television films
Films about parallel universes
Films directed by Terry Marcel
Films shot in South Africa
British science fiction action films
1980s science fiction action films
British exploitation films
1980s English-language films
1980s British films


Superman: World of New Krypton is a twelve-issue American comic book limited series produced by DC Comics. It is written by the team of James Robinson and Greg Rucka, who at the time of this publication are the current writers of the Superman and Action Comics titles, and illustrated by artist Pete Woods.

World of New Krypton takes place after the crossover Superman: New Krypton, in which approximately 100,000 Kryptonians and their city of Kandor are saved by Superman from the alien Brainiac and restored to existence. After spending time on Earth, the Kryptonians raise the city into space where they form the planet New Krypton in Earth's solar system. It then leads into Superman: Last Stand of New Krypton.

Publication history
Originally, this series was solicited to be written by Andrew Kreisberg. However, just before the first issue was to be released, Kreisberg dropped out of the title in order to focus on his work as a writer on the television series Fringe, as well as his other comic commitments to Green Arrow/Black Canary. He was promptly replaced by James Robinson and Greg Rucka, who are simultaneously writing Superman and Action Comics, the normal Superman titles, without the regular title character.

For the majority of 2009, this was the only DC Comics title that Superman appeared in. Action Comics and Superman will have new feature characters for the duration of World of New Krypton, with the new incarnation of Nightwing and Flamebird in Action Comics and the Guardian and Mon-El in Superman.

Due to the expansive nature of DC's 2009 summer event Blackest Night, World of New Krypton co-writer Greg Rucka stated, "Superman's on Earth in August". This ended up being foreshadowing for the tie-in mini-series Blackest Night: Superman, which was written by James Robinson and penciled by former Action Comics artist Eddy Barrows. Superman also appears in the main Blackest Night title by Geoff Johns and Ivan Reis in a supporting role, with the main characters in that series being Green Lantern and The Flash.

The events of the series lead into the major War of the Supermen storyline.

Plot

Issue 1
In the build-up to this series, Superman agrees to a deal with his aunt Alura that he renounce his allegiance to Earth and severs ties there in order to live on New Krypton with his people. He does not truthfully renounce all ties to his adopted home, as he tells his wife Lois Lane. He instructs his friend Mon-El to "take over for him" and has conversations with the Guardian and Jimmy Olsen before disembarking for New Krypton. Superman intends to live amongst the Kryptonians in the hopes of easing tensions with Earth and teaching them to use their powers responsibly.

When he arrives on the planet, he receives a lukewarm welcome from members of the Kryptonian military. He is openly welcomed by Alura, who asks him to pick a guild with which to be employed while on the planet. While he is deciding this, it is revealed to him that General Zod has been released from the Phantom Zone and is lauded as a great leader and a hero. He is given his previous job as the head of the Kryptonian military, and Superman finds this alarming. Zod maintains that he no longer has any reason to hate his fellow Kryptonians, as they have now accepted him. While deciding which guild to register for and having an argument with Zod, he is assaulted by his father Jor-El's former friend and lobotomized disciple of Zod, Non. Superman disposes of him quickly, and makes it clear that while the New Kryptonians hostile to him are steadily learning their powers, Superman has had his for years and demonstrates his vastly superior fighting skill and capability with his powers.

When Alura asks Superman which guild he has chosen, he admits that he is not comfortable with any, even going so far as to liken the Kryptonians' working conditions to slavery. However, Superman ultimately is assigned to be a member of the Military guild and is referred to by General Zod as "Commander El".

Issue 2
On Oa, the Guardians of the Universe discuss New Krypton, fearing that the Kryptonians while under the leadership of General Zod will return to a military expansion that the Guardians feared long ago before Krypton's destruction. On New Krypton, Zod boasts of a recently redesigned rifle made to kill native Kryptonian species. He puts "Commander El" in charge of the "Red Shard", a unit responsible for law enforcement and civic defense.

As his second, Superman is assigned Lieutenant Asha Del-Nar. Together, they find members of their new unit forcing Non, a recent transfer into the unit, to fight against a vicious Torquat. Superman reprimands the unit and later shares a conversation with Alura about the Kryptonian guilds. Avoiding Zod, Superman runs into his servant of the labor guild who speaks of unrest in his guild. Zod then arrives and orders Superman to kill a stampede of beasts that threatens a colony.

When the Red Shard prepares to kill the animals with their new rifles, Superman orders them to put the weapons away and instead teaches them how to wrangle the beasts without killing them. Zod compliments Superman on handling the situation, but admonishes "Commander El" for challenging his authority. Their conversation is stopped when news of a Labor Guild member taking hostages, including Alura, emerges. Commander Gor, a man responsible for killing several human police officers in Superman: New Krypton, arrives and threatens to kill them all if the hostages are not released. This leaves Zod pleased and Superman concerned that there could be a loss of life on his watch.

Issue 3
Superman tries to talk General Zod out of allowing Commander Gor to execute the Labor Guild prisoners. Zod is undeterred, but Superman convinces him to allow him to try to quell the situation without further violence. As a sign of good faith, Superman allows himself to be blasted with the red solar energy of an Archer rifle, which negates his powers for thirty minutes. Superman goes into the Galla where Labor Guild leader, Tam-Or, is keeping the provisional government captive. He appeals to his aunt, Alura, and asks her to consider the Guild's needs should they agree to set them free. Alura allows Tam-Or to air his demands.

Tam-Or says that as Earth's sun precludes the need for rest or food, the Labor Guild has been working literally non-stop since New Krypton has been formed. They want time to rest and see their families. Additionally, there is some unknown disease spreading through the Labor Guild ranks, even though that shouldn't be possible, and they want the Science Guild to find out why. Finally, they want a representation on the new Science Council being formed. Alura agrees to the first two requests, but points out that the Labor Guild has never had a seat on the Science Council in Kryptonian history, to which Superman points out that this is New Krypton. Alura finally agrees to consider the third demand if the Labor Guild agree to stand down.

The Labor Guild surrenders and sets down their weapons. Superman has resolved the situation peacefully before General Zod's deadline. Commander Gor however, sits with a sniper rifle above the square where Alura and the others were being held. Ignoring a direct order from Zod not to attack unless Superman is unable to reach a peaceful resolution, Gor fires a shot aimed at Tam-Or, but Supergirl rushes in and catches the bullet before it can strike its target.

Superman returns to Military Guild headquarters and gives Zod an update. Commander Gor, having nursed a dislike for Superman for quite some time, kicks him in the back. By Guild protocol, an official duel is conducted. Since both men have super powers, Superman relies upon his combat training to win the day. As the fight concludes, Superman turns his eyes upward to see three members of the Green Lantern Corps hovering above them. Green Lantern Hal Jordan tells Superman: "It's time we talked".

Issue 4
Based on the recent arrival of New Krypton, the Guardians of the Universe have sent a fact-finding mission. Their first contact, Kal-El, is pleased to see his old friends, but General Zod arrives within seconds. He remembers the Earthly Green Lanterns that fought him skilfully when they last met, and he orders Kal and Tyr to give them a tour of New Krypton.

Flying over the city, Tyr-Van gives the Green Lanterns a rundown of the city's founding, before moving on to encompass the whole planet - using the tech they were able to steal from Brainiac, they have made a new planet. Currently they are building an atmosphere, then a moon. Within a year, they will be finished. Kal is proud and happy. He and Sodam Yat chat briefly about Mon-El.

Lieutenant Nar arrives to get Kal for an emergency briefing. Thirteen criminals were brought to New Krypton from the Phantom Zone, and adapted to their powers faster than the other Kryptonians. They have been on the run, but they have a lead on one of them. Orders are to bring them in, but the Red Shard has been ordered to escort the Green Lanterns on their tour.

The Green Lanterns are surprised, and a little unsympathetic, to find that New Krypton is building a fleet of space ships. Tyr tells them that they are billed as a security deterrent, but Hal Jordan believes Zod is planning something. Kal cannot vouch for Zod, but he asks Hal to trust him.

Suddenly, an explosion occurs at the other end of the yard. A group of the criminals were meeting here, and when they were ambushed by the Military Guild, one of them ruptured a fuel line to cover the escape of all the others. There were no deaths, and no apparent leads. But Kal points out that the Kryptonians can hear someone flying away very fast. The chase is on.

The fugitive is identified as Val-Ty, alias Greyline, a notorious murderer who fought Tomar-Re. They chase him into the scaffolding around one of the unfinished ships, where he steals welding equipment and uses it as an explosive. Nar takes the Red Shard around the other side and Kal and the Green Lanterns are to herd him there. However, Zod has his own plans - when Nar has him in custody, she is to execute him. Kal overhears her from the other side of the scaffolding, and asks her to ignore Zod's last order.

The plan is a success, and Greyline is taken into custody. The Green Lanterns prepare to take him back to Oa to be imprisoned for past crimes, but Zod arrives and points out that New Krypton has jurisdiction - and Oa has no extradition treaties with New Krypton. Hal is set to argue, but John Stewart gets him to back off on the condition that Zod not execute Greyline, and the Green Lanterns go home to make their report.

That night, Greyline is behind a force field, already swearing revenge on Kal (who is surprised to see Zod kept his word) and the rest of the Military Guild. Zod is impressed at his skill, but he orders Kal and Nar to be taken into custody and charged with treason.

Issue 5
Imprisoned by General Zod for treason, Kal is visited by Dyn-Xe of the Artists Guild, who was appointed as his defence counsel for his trial.

Dyn-Xe informed Kal that if found guilty of treason, the penalty is death by execution in the absence of the phantom zone for incarceration. Due to the Nova Day Celebration, all pending legal matters must also be resolved before the end of the holiday or the day after tomorrow.

Dyn-Xe's defence strategy is to argue that because Zod has a history with the house of EL, prosecuting Kal is just another vendetta against the house of EL.

At the trial, Zod withdrew himself from prosecuting Kal but continued to prosecute Lieutenant Nar. She admitted to all charges and claimed she acted alone. However Kal argued for her and eventually inform the council that he stopped Nar from obeying Zod's order. Zod dismissed all charges against Nar but ask the council to find Kal guilty of treason by his own admission.

Nar and Tyr-Van visited Kal at his cell and Tyr-Van installed a device to deactivate the red sun generator in his cell, which would allow him to escape. However, Kal does not escape and choose to accept his punishment.

Kal was found guilty by the council and denies that by disobeying Zod's order, he was a traitor. Zod spoke up for Kal by pointing out that on Nova day, the religious guild has the power to grant absolution. Kal was eventually spared and freed.

As part of the Nova Day celebration, New Krypton planned to remove the dome covering their city with the successful regulation of the atmosphere. At the height of the celebration, Zod was shot by an assassin.

Issue 6
The assassin, Ral-Dar was captured by Kal, Kara and his team and interrogated. Ral-Dar revealed that his attempted assassination on Zod was done to save New Krypton.

Zod's injury was serious and the doctor has to put him in a stasis to prevent a cascading failure. The people of New Krypton were afraid that the attempted assassination of Zod is the start of an attack. Alura managed to calm the people down.

Kal headed back to interrogate Ral-Dar and discovered he managed to escape, apparently with some outside help was seen leaving for Earth.

Fearing an escalation of tension between Earth and New Krytpon, Kal decide to capture Ral-Dar with Kara.

Issue 7
While Superman returns to New Krypton with Ral-Dar's body, an Interim Ruling Council session revealed that the weapon used in the assassination attempt on Zod was Earth-made, leading to the conclusion that there were traitors amongst the Kryptonians. Zod turned up at the meeting and appointed Kal-El as General and Commander of the New Krypton armies.

Kal figured out that Tyr-Van was working for Zod and was instructed by Zod to allow Kal to escape when he was imprisoned for treason.

New Krypton is carrying out Operation: Callisto, a plan to disengage one of Jupiter's moon to act as New Krypton's moon. The plan was going as planned until they encountered a Thanagarian's battle group. When the pilot ship guiding Callisto was destroyed, the explosion affected the sunstone crystal inserted into Callisto's core and it is now out of control and heading for New Krypton.

Issue 8
The Thanagarian's battle group, led by Wing-Master Vetalla Dae's gyrfalcon was engaging the Kryptonian when it suffered a catastrophic hit. Kal, Nar and a few other Kryptonian beached the ship and managed to save the ship.

Kal explained that New Krypton bears no hostility towards Thanagar and that he has ordered all Kryptonian forces withdrawn and asked to attend to the more urgent task of the out-of-control Callisto.

The Thanagarian assisted in the slowing down of Callisto by firing nth metal energy beams and hitting Callisto with targeted gravity wells, but it remained on a collision course with New Krypton. Kal managed to get all the people of New Krypton to nudge Callisto to its intended orbit.

Wing-Master Dae was directed by her government to open diplomatic channels between New Krypton and Thanagar. The Interim Council agrees but the session was interrupted by another alien named Jemm.

Issue 9
Jemm from Saturn started a fight in the council but eventually agreed to stop the fight and address the council. He chided the Kryptonian for their arrogance and feeling of entitlement and warned that they will be watching.

The Labour Guild is having an epidemic with those working the farm details being infected with shakes.

Kal was visiting Zod who is making a slow recovery, when they received word that there was something wrong at councillor Mar-Li's residence. Kal forced open the door to see Adam Strange standing over the body of the councillor.

Issue 10
Adam Strange explained to the Interim Council that he was not responsible for the councillor's death as the operation of the Zeta Beam is not a precise transportation instrument. He also revealed that he comes to New Krypton to deliver a formal protest due to their establishment of diplomatic accord with Thanagar.

Kal convince the council to allow Adam Strange to leave if he can prove his innocence by solving the murder of Councillor Mar-Li.

An examination of the room revealed that the killer has not left any presence behind. An examination of his body revealed traces of carbon casing for small explosive rounds, fired from a device used to help with terraforming. It was a tool used by the Labour Guild and Mar-Li was vocal opponent of admitting a labour guild member into the council.

Kal and Adam proceed to the Labour Guild to talk to Tam-Or, their unofficial spokesman where they came across another sick Labour guild member. Tam-Or run away from Kal with the help of the Labour Guild members. Adam pursued Tam-Or but he managed to escape.

Kal and Adam revealed their findings while Lieutenant Nar requested for permission to switch to orbital scanners as they have not being able to find Tam-Or. Kal is convinced that Tam-Or is not guilty as he wanted representation for the Labour Guild. Kal's postulated that killing councillor Mar-Li may be an assassination attempt. Kal's aunt Alura, another council member is seen targeted in a sniper's scope.

Issue 11
As Alura discussed with her assistant, Lyra on the councillor's death and the rite of selection for a new council member, Lyra was shot. After escorting Alura to safety, Kal's team managed to recover the weapon that shot Lyra, but the ease at which the weapon was discovered aroused Adam's suspicion, There was genetic residues left on the rifle that matches Tam-Or, which suggested that he was the shooter that made an attempt on Alura's life.

Kal reported his findings to the council and it was suggested that Kal was not seriously pursuing Tam-Or because his mother was also from the Labour Guild.

Kal visited Zod who told him that it is not difficult with Kryptonian technology for genetic material to be planted. He concluded that Tam-Or is smart but not a tactician and could not be responsible for Mar-Ali's death or the attempt on Alura's life.

Kal and Adam met Tyr-Van and convinced him to lead them to a military facility lined with lead and soundproofed. They found Tam-Or and persuaded him to surrender. Councillor Zo and Commander Gor tracked Kal as there was some question about his loyalty. Kal was informed that Zod had resumed active duty and that he had been demoted back to Commander. Kal, Tyr and Tam were hit with the Red Sun beam while Gor gave the command to fire the kinetics.

Issue 12
Adam managed to Zeta all of them out and back but he was not fast enough to stop Tam-Or from being hit by the kinetic bullets.

Gor, Zo and Zod turned up at their location and Zod demoted Gor to Lancepsade for not following his orders of no lethal force. Zod request Adam Strange's departure due to his sensitive position as a representative of Rann.

Kal told Zod that Tam was being manipulated and knew who was responsible but died before he could tell them.

Kal and Zod revealed the facts of the case and Kal concluded that Ral-Dar and Tam-Or were probably misled. Kal eventually figured that Councillor Wri-Qin was the mastermind. Kal visited Wri-Qin who revealed that Superwoman came on General Lane's behalf and convinced them to weaken Krypton, so that Earth can achieve a quicker victory against Krypton.

It was Wri-Qin that had his co-conspirators killed so that he could have all the spoils to himself. Kal and his Red Shard team managed to capture Wri-Qin into custody.

Zod informed Kal that the council has granted the Labour Guild a seat on the council and that Tyr-Van has been named his representative. As Kal-El contemplated his contributions to Krypton, Zod commended him for being instrumental in changing the foundation of society. As they conversed, a Brainiac robot suddenly appears.

Collected editions
Superman: New Krypton Vol. 3 (144 pages, Collecting World of New Krypton #1-5)
Superman: Codename Patriot (144 pages, Collecting Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen Special #2, Superman #691, Supergirl #44, Action Comics #880, Superman: World of New Krypton #6)
Superman: New Krypton Vol. 4 (192 pages, Collecting World of New Krypton #6-12)

Notes

References

2009 comics debuts
Crossover comics
Comics by Greg Rucka
Counter-Earths
Colonialism in popular culture


Chewy may refer to:

 Chewy (company), pet food company based in the United States
 Chewy: Esc from F5, a 1996 computer game and its title character
 Andrew Lichtenberger (born 1987), American poker player
 Daniel Mongrain (born 1976), member of the Canadian band Martyr
 Luis Suárez, Uruguayan association footballer
 Chewy the puppy, a character from the animation series Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends
 Chewbacca, a fictional character, whose name is often shortened to "Chewy" or "Chewie"
 An Australian abbreviation for chewing gum
 A wine tasting descriptor
 Chewy bar, a brand name granola bar made by the Quaker Oats Company

See also
 "Chewy Chewy", a song by Ohio Express
 Chewiness, used to describe any foodstuff that requires a lot of chewing
 Chuy (disambiguation)


Minya Csaba Gál (born Cluj-Napoca, 7 March 1985) is a Romanian rugby union footballer. He plays a centre.

Gál first played at U Cluj, moving to Dinamo Bucharest, in 2004. He currently plays for CSM Baia Mare. He also plays internationally for București Oaks in the European Challenge Cup.

He was selected for the Romania squad that played at the 2007 Rugby World Cup. The Romanian centre played in three matches during the competition. He also competed at the 2011 Rugby World Cup.

Gál has currently 88 caps for Romania, with 3 tries and 1 conversion scored, 17 points on aggregate. He scored his first try in the decisive 2011 Rugby World Cup Final Place Play-off against Uruguay, on 27 November 2010 (won 39–12).

Since June 2021, Gal is the current president of U Cluj Rugby, which plays in the Romanian SuperLiga.

References

1985 births
Living people
Romanian rugby union players
Rugby union centres
Romanian sportspeople of Hungarian descent
Romania international rugby union players
CSM Știința Baia Mare players
București Wolves players
CS Universitatea Cluj-Napoca (rugby union) players
Sportspeople from Cluj-Napoca
2007 Rugby World Cup players
2011 Rugby World Cup players
2015 Rugby World Cup players


Roots: John Lennon Sings the Great Rock & Roll Hits is a rare mail-order album issued by Adam VIII consisting of rough mixes of John Lennon's Rock 'n' Roll album. It was available through television sale for three days in January 1975 before Lennon and Apple/EMI pulled it off the market. Lennon then rush-released his "official" version in February 1975.

History
In 1969, Lennon composed the song "Come Together" for the Beatles' album Abbey Road. Inspired by the Chuck Berry tune "You Can't Catch Me", it bore too much of a melodic resemblance to the original—and Lennon took the third line of the second verse ("Here come old flat-top") for the new lyric. Publisher Morris Levy brought a lawsuit for infringement, and the case was due to be heard in a New York court in December 1973.

In the meanwhile, Lennon had split with Yoko Ono and was living in Los Angeles with his personal assistant, May Pang. To avoid returning to New York for the court case, Lennon agreed to record at least three songs from Levy's catalogue on his next album (after Mind Games) and Levy dropped the suit. Browsing Levy's music publishing catalogue, Lennon found so many of his old favourites that he decided to do a full album of cover songs, by Levy's artists and others.

Lennon initially teamed up with producer Phil Spector to record the album, but the sessions quickly fell into disarray with alcohol. Spector then disappeared with the session tapes and would not be heard from for several months. Spector made one cryptic call to Lennon, claiming to have the "John Dean tapes" from the recent Watergate scandal; Lennon deduced that Spector meant he had the album's master tapes. When an auto accident on 31 March 1974 allegedly left Spector in a coma, the project was put on indefinite hold.

In May 1974, Lennon returned to New York with Pang and began writing and recording a new album of original material, Walls and Bridges. Just as these sessions began, Al Coury, A&R and vice-president of promotion of Capitol Records, retrieved the Spector tapes for $90,000. Not wanting to break stride, Lennon shelved the tapes and completed work on Walls and Bridges.

With Walls and Bridges coming out first, Lennon had reneged on his deal with Levy. To add insult to injury, Lennon included a snippet of the Levy-published "Ya Ya" on Walls and Bridges (featuring son Julian on drums) with the snide remark "O.K, we'll do sitting in the la la, that'll get rid of that!" in the song's intro. This infuriated Levy who threatened to refile his lawsuit. Lennon explained to Levy what had happened and assured him that the covers album was indeed in the works. Lennon then recalled the session musicians from Walls and Bridges to complete the oldies tracks. Levy offered the use of his farm in upstate New York for the band to rehearse.

In a show of good faith, Lennon gave Levy a rough copy of the tracks to review. Levy offered to directly market the album via television mail order, through his own Adam VIII record label, bypassing Capitol and EMI, giving both Lennon and Levy a larger share of the album's profits. Lennon gave his assent, and even considered appearing in a TV commercial to promote the album, but knew he would need the approval of EMI, Capitol and Apple Corps for the deal.

With so much money and time invested in the sessions, neither Capitol, EMI nor Apple wanted to give it up, insisting Lennon release it according to his recording contract and turn Levy's proposal down. Feeling betrayed, Levy pressed an album from the rough tape Lennon had provided, then proceeded to sue Lennon, EMI and Capitol for $42 million for breach of contract. Lennon and Capitol/EMI countersued.

Lennon finished work on his version of the album, omitting two songs from the final selection. In February 1975, Capitol Records rush-released the official Rock 'n' Roll, and Lennon also reconciled with Yoko Ono.

In February 1976, the case was heard in New York District Court. Lennon (sporting a crewcut) and Ono attended the proceedings, which were at times amusing. When asked by Levy's attorney if he had cut his hair as to not resemble the cover photo of Roots, Lennon replied, "Rubbish!  I cut it every 18 months."  Later on in the trial, the same lawyer asked Lennon to autograph a copy of his Mind Games album "for my daughter, I can't account for her taste."

By June, Lennon and Capitol/EMI had prevailed.  Though Levy was awarded a token payment for the infringement on "You Can't Catch Me", he had to pay EMI $109,700 in lost revenue and $42,000 to Lennon for "damages to his reputation"—due to the poor sound quality (besides the rough mixes, some of the songs were sped up to fit in more tracks) and the "horrible album cover".

Production and distribution of Roots was halted and the albums were ordered destroyed.  With only 3,000 copies of Roots reportedly pressed, original copies are rare and sought-after collector's items. Copies in mint condition have sold for US$2,000. Lennon was disappointed at how poorly the mail order setup had actually worked, having ordered his own copy as a follow-up and had to wait almost a month to receive it.

Track listing
All tracks produced by John Lennon, except † by Phil Spector.

Side One

"Be-Bop-A-Lula" (Tex Davis, Gene Vincent) – 2:39
"Ain't That a Shame" (Fats Domino, Dave Bartholomew) – 2:38
Contains a longer fadeout than the Rock 'n' Roll version
"Stand by Me" (Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller, Ben E. King) – 3:26
Without the strings added to the official release
"Sweet Little Sixteen" † (Chuck Berry) – 3:01
"Medley: Rip It Up/Ready Teddy" (Robert 'Bumps' Blackwell, John Marascalco) – 1:33
"Angel Baby" † (Rosie Hamlin) – 3:42
Not officially released until the 1986 compilation Menlove Ave.
"Do You Wanna Dance?" (Bobby Freeman) – 3:15
"You Can't Catch Me" † (Chuck Berry) – 4:03
 The Rock 'n' Roll version was stretched to 4:51 by repeating the first verse

Side Two

"Bony Moronie" † (Larry Williams) – 3:47
"Peggy Sue" (Jerry Allison, Norman Petty, Buddy Holly) – 2:06
"Medley: Bring It On Home to Me/Send Me Some Lovin'" (Sam Cooke)/ (John Marascalco, Leo Price) – 3:41
"Slippin' and Slidin'" (Eddie Bocage, Al Collins, Richard Wayne Penniman, James H. Smith) – 2:20
Contains a longer fadeout than the Rock 'n' Roll version
"Be My Baby" † (Phil Spector/Ellie Greenwich/Jeff Barry) – 4:32
Not officially released until the 1998 John Lennon Anthology
"Ya Ya" (Lee Dorsey, Clarence Lewis, Morgan Robinson) – 2:17
"Just Because" † (Lloyd Price) – 4:25

Personnel

John Lennon: Guitars, vocals
Jesse Ed Davis: Guitar
Steve Cropper: Guitar
Jim Calvert: Guitar
Eddie Mottau: Acoustic guitar
José Feliciano: Acoustic guitar
Michael Hazelwood: Acoustic Guitar
Klaus Voormann: Bass guitar, answer vocal on "Bring It On Home to Me"
Leon Russell: Keyboards
Ken Ascher: Keyboards
Jim Keltner: Drums
Hal Blaine: Drums
Gary Mallaber: Drums
Arthur Jenkins: Percussion
Nino Tempo: Saxophone
Jeff Barry: Horn
Barry Mann: Horn
Bobby Keys: Horn
Peter Jameson: Horn
Joseph Temperley: Horn
Dennis Morouse: Horn
Frank Vicari: Horn

References

1975 albums
John Lennon albums
Albums produced by Phil Spector
Demo albums
Albums produced by John Lennon
Covers albums
Albums arranged by John Lennon
Unauthorized albums
Rock-and-roll albums