ChargePoint (formerly Coulomb Technologies) is an American electric vehicle infrastructure company based in Campbell, California. ChargePoint operates the largest online network of independently owned EV charging stations operating in 14 countries and makes some of the technology used in it.

History

ChargePoint was founded in 2007 as Coulomb Technologies by Richard Lowenthal, Dave Baxter and Harjinder Bhade.

In June 2017, ChargePoint took over 9,800 electric vehicle charging spots from GE. Prior to that point, ChargePoint managed 34,900 charging stations across Mexico, Australia, Canada, and the United States.

The current CEO and president as of 2018 is Pasquale Romano. On November 28, 2018, ChargePoint raised $240 million. At the time, ChargePoint maintained 57,000 charging spots. In 2019, VW's Electrify America and ChargePoint agreed to provide common access to their US customers.

Company reached 100,000 chargers in September 2019, while adding more than 2,000 charging locations per month

ChargePoint went public through a special-purpose acquisition company ("SPAC") reverse merger in February 2021. In January 2023, ChargePoint, Mercedes-Benz, and MN8 Energy announced plans to add 2,500 fast chargers at 400 charging hubs in the U.S., which will be available to all EVs.

Charging stations
The company "designs, develops and manufactures hardware and software solutions" for electric vehicles at large. Its business model, according to the Silicon Valley Business Journal, involves selling "its hardware and software to property owners, build a searchable network of charging stations for drivers and maintain individual stations."

Current stations

ChargePoint Home – This is a small home charger that won an Edison Award for new product innovation and human-centered design. It is available in 16A and 32A versions. ChargePoint Home Flex added 50A charging support.

CT4000 Family – The CT4000 is intended for property owners, businesses and municipalities providing for charging stations for their employees, customers, residents and fleets. It was the first to support power sharing along multiple ports.

CP4000 Family – Three phase Mennekes ("type 2") charging for Europe, up to 22 kW. Can share a single three phase 63A circuit or use two separate 32A circuits.

CPE 100 and CPE 200 – ChargePoint Express DC fast chargers offer fast charging for most DC-capable electric vehicles. With an embedded AC-to-DC converter, they directly charge the vehicle battery and can charge some EVs in less than 30 minutes. Express stations are particularly suitable for short dwell time parking, freeway corridor locations and quick turnaround fleet charging. They can also be installed in workplaces to complement CT4000 stations for employees who need a quick charge. Express 100 is 24 kW, Express 200 is 50 kW, and Express 250 is 62.5 kW. Express 100 is available in separate CCS and CHAdeMO models, while Express 200 is larger and has both ports. Express 200 is a charging design licensed from Tritium.

CPF25 Family – The CPF25 is designed for select fleet and multi-family applications. For fleets, CPF25 stations are suited for depot charging. For multi-family communities, CPF25 stations are intended for personal charging in assigned parking spots. CPF32 is a European Type 2 version (still limited to single phase 32A charging). The CPF50 added 50A charging support.

ChargePoint Express Plus Family – The liquid-cooled, modular 400 kW charging system called "Express Plus" was launched in January 2017 at CES in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.

Obsolete stations
CT1000 – NEMA 5-15 outlet only behind a door. First station ChargePoint created. Now rare with most being upgraded to CT2100.

CT1500 – 220 V 16 A outlets behind a door. Can be Schuko, BS 1363, or Australian outlets.

CT2000 – Single J1772.

CT2100 – J1772 and NEMA 5-20 charging on separate circuits.

CT2500 – Mennekes (IEC 62196) charging (single phase).

CT2020 family – Dual J1772 on separate circuits (no power sharing support).

CT500 – Small home charger (J1772), now replaced by ChargePoint Home.

CT3000 – 50 kW CHAdeMO fast charging

Gallery

See also
 Charging station
 Plug-in vehicle
 Plug-in hybrid vehicle
 EVgo

References

External links

Electric vehicle infrastructure developers
American companies established in 2007
Special-purpose acquisition companies
Electronics companies established in 2007
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Companies based in Campbell, California
Charging stations


The 2009 Gent–Wevelgem took place on 8 April 2009. It was won by Edvald Boasson Hagen in a sprint finish.  The race was the seventh event in the inaugural UCI World Ranking series.

Results

See also
 2009 in Road Cycling

References

2009 in Belgian sport
2009 UCI ProTour
2009 UCI World Ranking
Gent–Wevelgem


The following is a list of characters from the novel Sword Stained with Royal Blood by Jin Yong (Louis Cha). Eight of these characters also appear or are mentioned by name in The Deer and the Cauldron, another of Jin Yong's works.

Main characters
 Yuan Chengzhi () is the protagonist and Yuan Chonghuan's son. Originally trained in martial arts by Mu Renqing, he later inherits the skills of Xia Xueyi by chance. One of the most powerful swordsmen of his age, he strives to uphold justice and defend the Han Chinese nation from internal and external threats. At the end of the novel, he leaves China for good and sails to a distant land with his companions.
 Xia Xueyi (), nicknamed "Golden Serpent Gentleman" (), was a powerful swordsman with extraordinary skills, charming good looks and a chivalrous personality. He was involved in two separate romantic relationships with He Hongyao and Wen Yi. As he is already long dead before the events of the novel take place, he is only mentioned by name throughout the novel.
 Xia Qingqing (), also known as Wen Qingqing (), is the daughter of Xia Xueyi and Wen Yi. She is first introduced as a member of the Wen family, a clan of brigands. After getting into conflict with the Wen elders, she leaves the Wen family and follows Yuan Chengzhi in pursuit of a new life.
 Ajiu () is actually Princess Changping (), the second and favourite daughter of the Chongzhen Emperor. She is introduced as a beautiful and elegant young lady who frequently hangs out with martial artists in the jianghu. She meets Yuan Chengzhi and they develop a romantic relationship, much to Xia Qingqing's jealousy and hostility. When Li Zicheng's rebels overrun the Forbidden City, her despaired father attacks her with a sword and cuts off her left arm in a desperate attempt to spare her from any humiliation if she were to be captured by the rebels. Fortunately, Yuan Chengzhi appears in time and saves her and she survives. At the end of the novel, she feels disillusioned with the world and decides to detach herself from worldly attachments, so she becomes a Buddhist nun and renames herself Jiunan (). She also appears in The Deer and the Cauldron, another of Jin Yong's novels.
 He Tieshou () is the leader of the Five Poisons Cult () who has a hook for her right hand, as her name Tieshou (literally "iron hand") suggests. She is recruited by Prince Hui to assist him in seizing the throne from the Chongzhen Emperor. During this time, she meets Yuan Chengzhi and his friends, and plays evil pranks on them to hinder their missions. She has a crush on Xia Qingqing, who is disguised as a young male scholar, and decides to betray her cult and break ties with Prince Hui. Yuan Chengzhi succeeds in reforming her, accepts her as an apprentice, and renames her He Tishou (); Tishou means "vigilance and safeguard". She is mentioned by name in The Deer and the Cauldron.

Yuan Chengzhi's allies
 Jiao Wan'er () is Jiao Gongli's daughter. She seeks vengeance on Min Zihua after mistakenly thinking that he murdered her father. With Yuan Chengzhi's help, she discovers that the Taibai Sanying are the ones responsible and kills them in revenge. She marries Luo Liru.
 Luo Liru () is one of Jiao Gongli's apprentices. Sun Zhongjun sliced off his right arm in a heated misunderstanding. Yuan Chengzhi helps him overcome his disability by teaching him a set of left-handed saber movements.
 Hong Shenghai () is a member of the Bohai School (). He has gotten into a serious misunderstanding with Gui Xinshu and Gui Erniang, who have been trying to hunt him down and kill him. He meets Yuan Chengzhi and decides to follow him for protection. Yuan helps him resolve his conflict with the Gui couple.
 Cheng Qingzhu () is the chief of the Green Bamboo Gang () and the martial arts master of Ajiu.
 Sha Tianguang () is the leader of a group of bandits who attempt to rob Yuan Chengzhi and his friends of their treasure. When they are ambushed by Ming soldiers while scuffling for the treasure, Yuan sides with them and fights alongside them against the soldiers. Sha Tongtian is so impressed with Yuan that he pledges allegiance to him.
 Hu Guinan (), nicknamed "Divine Thief" (), is a martial artist highly skilled in the art of thieving.
 Yisheng () is a Buddhist monk nicknamed "Iron Arhat" ().
 Shui Jian () is a military officer in charge of escorting some prisoners. He and his men are attacked and defeated by Yuan Chengzhi and his followers. After he is captured, he pledges allegiance to Yuan, who spares his life. He helps Yuan organise his followers to form a militia and train them in warfare.

Rebels
 Li Zicheng (), nicknamed "Dashing King" (), is the leader of the rebel forces which overthrow the corrupt Ming government. After his victory, he not only fails to deliver his promises to restore peace and stability, but also condones his followers' brutality towards the common people. The short-lived interim government he set up to replace the Ming dynasty is eventually defeated by the Manchus, who establish the Qing Empire to replace the Ming Empire. He appears again in The Deer and the Cauldron.
 Li Yan () is a trusted adviser of Li Zicheng and a general of the rebel army who befriends Yuan Chengzhi. A righteous individual, Li Yan tries to stop the moral corruption of the rebels but fails. Li Zicheng ultimately believes slanderous rumours that Li Yan is plotting against him and forces him to commit suicide..
 The Red Maiden () is Li Yan's wife who is famous for her bravery and selfless acts. She commits suicide with her husband. Their son, Li Xihua, appears in The Deer and the Cauldron in which he attempts to kill Li Zicheng to avenge his parents.
 An Daniang () is An Jianqing's wife who briefly took care of Yuan Chengzhi when he was still a child. She serves the rebels as a spy.
 An Xiaohui () is An Jianqing and An Daniang's daughter and a childhood friend of Yuan Chengzhi. Like her mother, she works as a spy for the rebels. Yuan Chengzhi helps her recover the lost gold from the Wen family. She marries Cui Ximin.
 Shanzong () is an organisation formed by Yuan Chonghuan's former subordinates. They took care of Yuan Chengzhi after his father's death and sent him to the Mount Hua School. Although they initially planned to write a petition to the Chongzhen Emperor to seek redress for Yuan Chonghuan, they ultimately decided to join Li Zicheng's rebel army after seeing that the Ming government is too corrupt to be saved. Its members include:
 Ying Song ()
 Luo Daqian ()
 Zhu Anguo ()
 Sun Zhongshou ()
 Tian Jianxiu ()
 Cui Qiushan ()

Mount Hua School and associates

 Mu Renqing (), nicknamed "Divine Sword, Immortal Ape" (), is the leader of the Mount Hua School and Yuan Chengzhi's martial arts master. His prowess in martial arts and swordplay is legendary.
 Huang Zhen (), nicknamed "Copper Brush and Iron Abacus" (), is Mu Renqing's first apprentice.
 Huang Zhen's apprentices:
 Feng Nandi () becomes the leader of the Mount Hua School in The Deer and the Cauldron.
 Cui Ximin ()
 Gui Xinshu (), nicknamed "Invincible Divine Fists" (), is Mu Renqing's second apprentice. He and his wife, Gui Erniang (), are extremely protective of their infant son, who is born in poor health. The three of them appear in The Deer and the Cauldron; their son, Gui Zhong (), has grown up to become a young adult.
 Gui Xinshu's apprentices:
 Mei Jianhe ()
 Liu Peisheng ()
 Sun Zhongjun ()
 Taoist Musang () is the leader of the Iron Sword School () and a close friend of Mu Renqing who has also instructed Yuan Chengzhi in martial arts before. He is obsessed with weiqi and willing to spend an entire day playing with someone. At the end of the novel, he takes in Ajiu as his apprentice.
 Yuzhenzi () is Musang's junior. Tempted by wealth and fame, he decides to betray his school and serve the Manchus. He aids the Manchus in sabotaging the Ming forces. Yuan Chengzhi runs into trouble with him on several different occasions. He is eventually slain by the combined efforts of Yuan, Ajiu, Sun Zhongjun and He Tishou.

Manchu forces
 Nurhaci (), who is mentioned by name only, was the chief of the Manchu tribes. He led his forces to attack the Ming Empire and was mortally wounded during the Battle of Ningyuan.
 Huangtaiji () is Nurhaci's son and successor who has become the emperor of the Manchus. A shrewd military leader, he tricked the Chongzhen Emperor into believing that Yuan Chonghuan was a traitor, causing the emperor to order Yuan's execution. Yuan Chengzhi attempts to assassinate him in Mukden but fails. Later, he is assassinated by his half-brother, Dorgon.
 Dorgon () is Huangtaiji's younger half-brother and a charismatic general. He has an affair with Huangtaiji's concubine and commits fratricide/regicide when his brother becomes suspicious of him.

Ming forces
 Yuan Chonghuan () was Yuan Chengzhi's father who is only mentioned by name in the novel. Formerly a general tasked with defending the Ming Empire's northern border from the Manchu invaders, he was wrongly accused of treason and put to death by the Chongzhen Emperor.
 The Chongzhen Emperor () is the last ruler of the Ming dynasty. He mistakenly believed that Yuan Chonghuan was plotting to overthrow him, and ordered his execution. When the Forbidden City is overrun by Li Zicheng's rebels, he refuses to surrender or flee, and attempts to kill his family to prevent them from being taken captive. While trying to kill Ajiu, he slices off her left arm with a sword. With assistance from a loyal eunuch, he eventually commits suicide by hanging himself from a tree.
 An Jianqing () is An Daniang's husband and An Xiaohui's father. Tempted by wealth and greed, he decides to serve the Ming government and becomes a secret police commander. His wife leaves him in anger and joins the rebels. They have remained on opposing sides before they eventually reconcile after he is mortally wounded while protecting the Chongzhen Emperor from Prince Hui and his followers.
 Prince Hui () is a noble who attempts to usurp the throne when Li Zicheng's rebel army closes in on the capital. He hires various martial artists in the jianghu to help him overthrow the Chongzhen Emperor.
 Wu Sangui () is a Ming general in charge of guarding Shanhai Pass on the northeastern border. His concubine, Chen Yuanyuan, is seized by Li Zicheng when the rebels occupy the capital. In anger, Wu defects to the Manchus and opens Shanhai Pass for the Manchus to enter and help him defeat Li Zicheng. He appears again as a minor antagonist in The Deer and the Cauldron.
 Chen Yuanyuan () is Wu Sangui's concubine and is regarded as the most beautiful woman in the Ming Empire at the time. Li Zicheng seizes her as a trophy after occupying Beijing, causing Wu Sangui to defect to the Manchus. She appears again in The Deer and the Cauldron as the mother of Ake, one of Wei Xiaobao's seven wives.
 Shi Bingguang (), Shi Bingwen () and Li Gang (), collectively known as the "Taibai Sanying" (), are three treacherous swordsmen who serve as spies for the Manchus. They murder Jiao Gongli and attempt to push the blame to Min Zihua before they are eventually slain by Jiao Wan'er after she uncovers the truth behind her father's death.

Five Poisons Cult
The Five Poisons Cult () is a cult and martial arts school founded by a group of Miao people. They specialise in using poisons and venoms against their enemies; the "Five Poisons" refers to the five sacred venomous species (snake, scorpion, toad, centipede and spider) in their school. They are led by He Tieshou, who is recruited by Prince Hui to help him overthrow the Chongzhen Emperor and seize the throne.

 He Hongyao () is He Tieshou's aunt and one of the cult's elders. She has a past romantic affair with Xia Xueyi and seeks vengeance on him after he betrays her love. When she learns that Xia Qingqing is Xia Xueyi's daughter, she directs her anger towards Xia Qingqing and attempts to harm her. She is killed in a toxic explosion in the cave where Xia Xueyi is buried.
 Qi Yun'ao () is an elder of the cult who specialises in using snake venom and often disguises himself as a beggar. He is killed by He Hongyao during the cult's internal conflict.

Wen family
 Wen Fangda (), Wen Fangyi (), Wen Fangshan (), Wen Fangshi () and Wen Fangwu (), collectively known as the Five Wen Elders, are the five patriarchs of the Wen family who lead a group of brigands. Previously notorious bandits with a hideous history, they had a blood feud with Xia Xueyi because they had murdered his family. Their battle formation, known as the Five Elements Formation, proves a challenge to Yuan Chengzhi.
 Wen Yi () is Wen Fangshan's daughter and Xia Qingqing's mother. She fell in love with Xia Xueyi even though he had a history of bad blood with her family. Her father and uncles used her as bait to lure Xia Xueyi into a trap and crippled him, but she aided him in escaping. Her family treats her and her daughter coldly after Xia Xueyi's disappearance.

Others
 Min Zihua () is a member of the Xiandu School (). He was misled into believing that Jiao Gongli killed his brother, so he rallied a group of martial artists to join him in confronting Jiao Gongli. Yuan Chengzhi helps to defuse the conflict and clear Jiao's name. As part of an earlier agreement, Min Zihua hands over his villa to Yuan Chengzhi and promises never to bother Jiao Gongli again.
 Jiao Gongli () is the chief of the Golden Dragon Gang () who is murdered by the "Taibai Sanying", who attempt to push the blame to his former rival, Min Zihua.
 Meng Bofei () is a reputable elderly martial artist who is nominated to lead a group of martial artists gathered on Mount Tai. He loses the position to Yuan Chengzhi.
 Zhang Chaotang (), Yang Pengju () and Zhang Kang () are three ethnic Chinese officials from the Bruneian Empire who visit China.
 Raymond (), Peter () and Rooklyn () are three Europeans overseeing the sale of a battery of cannons to the Ming imperial army. They present Yuan Chengzhi with a map of the Far East after losing to him in a duel.
 Zhang Chunjiu (), who is mentioned by name only, was a martial artist who sought the whereabouts of Xia Xueyi. He was killed by Xia Xueyi after finding the Golden Serpent Manual on Mount Hua.

See also
 List of organisations in wuxia fiction

Lists of Jin Yong characters
Sword Stained with Royal Blood
Fictional Ming dynasty people


Hipparchia fidia, the striped grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found on the Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands and in south-eastern France and the bordering parts of Italy and North Africa.

Description in Seitz
S. fidia L. (44 d). Above similar to the preceding [  fatua ] , but the underside much more variegated and brighter: the ocelli of the forewing large, broadly bordered with yellow, there being before them white smears which are proximally bordered by a black line. On the underside of the hindwing the exterior black discal line projects behind the apex of the cell as a broad tooth; it is externally broadly white and beyond it there are moreover strong white smears extending towards the distal margin.

Description
The wingspan is .

Biology
The butterflies fly from July to August depending on the location.

The larvae feed on various types of grass.

References

Hipparchia (butterfly)
Butterflies of Europe
Butterflies described in 1767
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony is a 1999 documentary by Ken Burns produced for National Public Radio and  WETA. The documentary explores the movement for women's suffrage in the United States in the 19th century, focusing on leaders Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. It won a Peabody Award in 1999. It was released on VHS on November 9, 1999.

Events covered in the documentary
 The revolution
 "I wish you were a boy" The status of women in the mid-1850s
 A drudge or a doll
 Connections to the abolitionist movement
 Temperance and reform
 Mental Hunger - the restrictions leading to activism
 The Seneca Falls Convention on women's rights
 "A caged lion" - Susan B. Anthony
 Women's Souls
 The Woman's National Loyal League and the American Civil War
 The 15th amendment and women's rights
 The Revolution (newspaper)
 Done It! Women's rights before the courts
 Spreading the Word
 Making History
 Division and unity - the American Woman Suffrage Association and the NWSA merge
 Self Sovereignty - a philosophy of freedom
 The Woman's Bible - a challenge to religion
 Anthony's death
 The franchise comes

References

External links

American documentary films
Films directed by Ken Burns
Documentary films about feminism
Documentary films about United States history
Peabody Award-winning broadcasts
Media about women's suffrage in the United States
Films about activists
Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
1990s American films


Mauro Finetto (born 10 May 1985 in Tregnago, Verona), is an Italian former professional cyclist, who competed as a professional from 2008 to 2022. He rode for UCI ProTour team  in 2011. He sat out the 2012 season professionally, riding for KM Bottecchia, and came back to competition in 2013, signing a contract with .

Major results
Source:

2002
 9th GP Dell'Arno
2003
 National Junior Road Championships
2nd Road race
2nd Time trial
 3th Trofeo Buffoni
 7th GP Dell'Arno
2004
 4th Trofeo Città di Brescia
2006
 4th Ruota d'Oro
 9th Giro del Canavese
2007
 2nd Gran Premio della Liberazione
 3rd Overall Giro della Valle d'Aosta
 3rd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
 5th Overall Giro della Toscana
 8th Gara Milionaria - Tr. Marini Silvano Cappelli Sp.
 9th Giro del Canavese
2008
 2nd Trofeo Melinda
 3rd Tre Valli Varesine
 3rd Coppa Placci
 4th Coppa Sabatini
 5th Memorial Cimurri
 6th Giro di Lombardia
 8th Giro del Lazio
 9th Giro della Romagna
2009
 1st Hel van het Mergelland
 5th Giro del Friuli
 6th Overall Tour of Turkey
1st Stages 1 & 6
 7th Coppa Bernocchi
 10th Overall Three Days of De Panne
2010
 1st Stage 1b (TTT) Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
 5th Giro del Piemonte
 6th GP Miguel Induráin
 6th Klasika Primavera
 10th Tre Valli Varesine
2011
 3rd GP Industria & Artigianato di Larciano
 8th Coppa Bernocchi
 9th Gran Premio dell'Insubria-Lugano
 9th Gran Premio di Lugano
2013
 5th Trofeo Matteotti
 5th Coppa Sabatini
 7th Milano–Torino
 7th Giro dell'Emilia
 8th Gran Premio della Costa Etruschi
 9th Overall Settimana Ciclistica Lombarda
2014
 1st  Overall Tour du Limousin
1st Stage 3
 1st Gran Premio di Lugano
 2nd Gran Premio della Costa Etruschi
 2nd Coppa Sabatini
 3rd Volta Limburg Classic
 6th Tre Valli Varesine
 7th Overall Three Days of De Panne
 8th Gran Premio Nobili Rubinetterie
 9th Gran Premio Città di Camaiore
 9th Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato
 10th Roma Maxima
 10th Milano–Torino
2015
 1st  Overall Cycling Tour of Sibiu
1st  Points classification
1st  Mountains classification
1st Stage 2
 2nd Coppa Bernocchi
 3rd Coppa Sabatini
 4th Overall Tour of Slovenia
1st  Mountains classification
 8th Giro dell'Emilia
2016
 1st  Overall Okolo Slovenska
1st Stage 2
 2nd Overall Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
1st  Points classification
 2nd Tour of Almaty
 3rd Giro dell'Appennino
 4th Overall Tour du Maroc
 8th Overall Istrian Spring Trophy
 8th GP Industria & Artigianato di Larciano
 9th Trofeo Matteotti
 10th Overall Presidential Tour of Turkey
2017
 1st Classic Sud-Ardèche
 3rd Trofeo Laigueglia
 6th Overall Tour du Haut Var
 6th Overall Four Days of Dunkirk
 7th Grand Prix d'Ouverture La Marseillaise
 8th Overall Tour du Limousin
 9th Overall Route du Sud
 9th Coppa Ugo Agostoni
 10th Tour du Jura
2018
 5th GP Industria & Artigianato di Larciano
 6th Overall Tour du Haut Var
 8th Giro della Toscana
 9th Overall Tour of Turkey
 9th Tro-Bro Léon
 10th Overall Tour de Luxembourg
1st  Mountains classification
 10th Paris–Chauny
2019
 1st Stage 5 Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
 8th Overall Giro di Sicilia
 9th Overall Tour of Turkey
2020
 7th Trofeo Matteotti
 8th Circuito de Getxo
 9th Overall Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali

Grand Tour general classification results timeline

References

External links
  Profile on lequipe.fr

Italian male cyclists
1985 births
Living people
Cyclists from the Province of Verona
Presidential Cycling Tour of Turkey stage winners


The Memorial Union (MU) is the student activity center at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon, United States.  It contains a ballroom, cafeteria, bowling alley, shops, and study areas. It was designed by Oregon Agricultural College (a predecessor of OSU) graduate Lee Arden Thomas.

History
The idea to build the Memorial Union building originally came from veterans Warren Daigh and Tony Schille, Oregon State students. Their vision was that the building would be in commemoration of their fellow soldiers who had been killed in the line of duty during WWI.  Groundbreaking occurred March 3, 1926 Construction was funded by contributions from past and present students. The building was officially dedicated by Judge James K. Weatherford, chair of the OAC Board of Regents.  Thomas, the building's architect, was an alumnus based in Portland. Memorial Union opened to the public on June 1, 1928. It is of Neoclassical design, with an exterior built mainly with red-colored bricks with white granite accents including a dome in the center. The MU is the smallest union building in the Pac-12, and the oldest.

The building is one of the few OSU buildings of that era not attributed to John Bennes, and has been described as "one of the finest examples of neoclassic architecture in Oregon." It has been "known to generations of Oregon Staters as simply the MU", and "was built in 1927-28 as a monument to those who have given their lives in defense of the nation, as well as a center for student life on campus."

The building was funded entirely with private donations and gifts at a cost of around $750,000, and a $3 per term assessment Oregon State students implemented beginning in January 1922. It was dedicated on June 1, 1929. The east and west wings (restaurant and commons) are later additions, having been added in 1960 and extensively renovated in the 1990s; the MU was owned by the Memorial Union Corporation until 1965 when it transferred the facility to the State Board of Higher Education.

References

1928 establishments in Oregon
Oregon State University buildings
Student activity centers in the United States


Higham railway station may refer to a number of stations in the United Kingdom.

 Higham railway station (Kent), an open station on the North Kent Line
 Higham railway station (Suffolk), former station on the Ipswich to Ely Line
 Higham on the Hill railway station, former station on the Nuneaton to Ashby line


The Church of St Thomas More is the Roman Catholic parish church in Seaford, East Sussex, England. It has a congregation of around 200 people, and the current Pastor is Deacon Stephen Sharpe.

Layout
The church is built in the traditional shape of a cross, with four aisles and the altar facing the parishioners at the head. The north aisle is the longest, as it stretches around the side of the altar. The two central aisles are directly facing the altar, whilst the south aisle is facing the lady altar. The south aisle also has the confessional and a library at the back. The church has an organ-loft, which is used when the church becomes very busy. At the front, is a small ashes cemetery and a car park. The church has two entrances, one of which is used regularly and another for special occasions only. The priest's house is connected to the church, as is the parish hall.

History
At the beginning of the 20th century, Seaford had only six Roman Catholics. Shortly after, the Bishop of Southwark, Francis Bourne, built a chapel dedicated to St Francis de Sales, next to his holiday home, which was called Annecy. In 1903, a group of nuns called the Sisters of Providence bought it and turned it into a convent and school.

Mass was regularly led by Father Berchmans, but he died suddenly in 1927. The bishop then appointed Fr. Reginald Webb as the first parish priest. As the Catholic population of 100 was now too big for the chapel, they moved to the hall in Annecy School. Numbers continued to rise and in 1935, a new church was founded. It was opened on 12 March 1936. The overall cost was £10,000 and by now, attendance figures had risen to 250.

In 1962, Father Webb died and was replaced as parish priest, by Fr William Guinane. In 1970, he lengthened the south aisle and added a north aisle and tower. In 1965, the church became part of the newly formed Diocese of Arundel and Brighton. In 1980, Fr Kenneth McCarthy took over from Fr William Guinane and became the third parish priest. He built a hall and car park, before being replaced in 1990 by Father Chris Benyon, due to ill health.

Father Chris Benyon supported musical groups at the church. In 1999, he left the parish and Father Tony Churchill stepped in. In 2004, Annecy school celebrated its centenary, in a service with over 500 people led by Bishop Kerian Conry. Father Niven Richardson replaced Father Tony Churchill as parish priest in 2007.

The church is licensed for worship in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855 and has the registration number 56568.

Parish priests
 Fr Reginald Webb (1927–1962)
 Fr William Guinane (1963–1980)
 Fr Kenneth McCarthy (1980–1990)
 Fr Chris Benyon (1990–1999)
 Fr Anthony Churchill (1999–2007)
 Fr Niven Richardson (2007–2011)
 Fr Paul Jennings (2011–2019 )
Fr Ian Byrnes (2019-2022)
 Deacon Stephen Sharpe (2022-)

References

Roman Catholic churches in East Sussex
Saint Thomas More, Seaford
Saint Thomas
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United Kingdom
Religious organizations established in 1927


is a Japanese professional footballer who plays for Adelaide United as a striker.

Club career
Born in Nagareyama, Chiba, Ibusuki played all his youth football with Kashiwa Reysol. On 2 January 2009, aged not yet 18, he signed a four-year contract with Spanish club Girona FC. He made his Segunda División debut on 19 April, playing ten minutes in a 0–3 away loss to Hércules CF at the Estadio José Rico Pérez.

Ibusuki spent the following two seasons on loan, with Real Zaragoza B (Tercera División) and CE Sabadell FC (Segunda División B), and made his debut for the latter side in a 0–0 draw against UE Lleida, again as a substitute. He would, however, be a major contributor to the Catalans' promotion to the second level, starting in 26 of the games he appeared in and scoring ten goals, best in the squad.

In summer 2011, Ibusuki joined Sevilla FC of La Liga, but spent the vast majority of his first season with their reserves in the third tier. On 21 January 2012 he made his first-team debut, coming on for Álvaro Negredo in the 83rd minute of a 1–1 away derby draw against Real Betis.

Subsequently, Ibusuki represented K.A.S. Eupen and Valencia CF Mestalla. In 2014 he returned to his homeland, first with Albirex Niigata then JEF United Chiba.

In January 2022, Ibuski signed for A-League Men club Adelaide United. He scored his first goal on debut for the club on 15 January 2022, a day after he signed for the club.

International career
On 17 September 2010, Sabadell announced that Ibusuki had been selected to play for the Japanese under-19 team.

Club statistics

1Includes Copa Federación de España. and Australia Cup
2Includes Segunda División Playoffs, J2 Playoffs and Emperor's Cup.

References

External links
JEF United official profile

1991 births
Living people
People from Nagareyama
Association football people from Chiba Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
J1 League players
J2 League players
Albirex Niigata players
JEF United Chiba players
Shonan Bellmare players
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
A-League Men players
Girona FC players
Deportivo Aragón players
CE Sabadell FC footballers
Sevilla FC players
Sevilla Atlético players
Valencia CF Mestalla footballers
Challenger Pro League players
K.A.S. Eupen players
Shimizu S-Pulse players
Adelaide United FC players
Japanese expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Australia


Michel-Adrien Bessette (September 27, 1827 – November 28, 1904) was a merchant and political figure in Quebec. He represented Shefford in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to 1871 as a Conservative.

He was born in Saint-Luc, Lower Canada, the son of Daniel Bessette and Justine C. Audet. Bessette set up business at North Stukely. In 1852, he married Susan Wood Stevens. Bessette served as mayor of North Stukely and major in the militia. He ran unsuccessfully in Shefford for a seat in the legislative assembly for the Province of Canada in 1861 and 1863 and was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1871. Bessette was registrar for Iberville County from 1876 to 1897. He died at the age of 77 and was buried in Iberville.

References

1827 births
1904 deaths
Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs
Mayors of places in Quebec


The 2009 G20 London summit protests occurred in the days around the 2 April 2009 G20 London summit. The summit was the focus of protests from a number of groups over various long-standing and topical issues. These ranged from disquiet over economic policy, anger at the banking system and bankers' remuneration and bonuses, the continued war on terror and concerns over climate change.

Although the majority of the protests and protesters were peaceful, the threat of violence and criminal damage were used by police as a reason to detain, or "kettle", protesters as part of Operation Glencoe. A bystander, Ian Tomlinson, died shortly after being pushed to the ground by a police officer. A second post-mortem revealed that Tomlinson may have died from an abdominal haemorrhage. The inquest into Tomlinson's death found that he was unlawfully killed.

Timeline of the protests

28 March 2009 35,000 people joined the peaceful "March for Jobs, Justice and Climate" in central London, which was organised by Put People First, a civil-society coalition of more than 160 development non-governmental organisations, trade unions and environmental groups, organised in response to the London summit .

Their 12-point economic plan for democratic governance demanded democratised financial institutions to deliver secure jobs and public services, an end to global poverty and inequality, and a green economy. The movement was initiated by the Jubilee Debt Campaign, Trade Justice Movement, British Overseas NGOs for Development and TUC.

A peace activist climbed over the railings into the Houses of Parliament as a symbolic gesture of "power to the people". When arrested by police he explained that "This is the people's parliament, and I am one of the people".

28 March 2009 Marches in several French cities were organised by Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions for the Aid of Citizens.

1 April 2009 12 noon
Around five thousand people joined the "G20 Meltdown" protest outside the Bank of England. G20 Meltdown was an anti-capitalist, socialist organisation conceived in Paris and formed in London in January 2009 prior to the G20 summit. As well as the protest, they organised four nearby squats. Much of the protest, which was "kettled", was peaceful although there were violent confrontations. The police used batons and dogs and at least one policeman was injured; some protesters broke into a branch of Royal Bank of Scotland and a bystander, Ian Tomlinson, died after being hit with a baton from behind by a police officer near the protest.

1 April 2009 12:30 pm
About two to three thousand people joined the "Climate Camp in the City" outside European Climate Exchange on Bishopsgate, which was peaceful except for when minor scuffles occurred after riot police "kettled" the event at 7:30 pm. The street was cleared at about 2 am the following day.

1 April 2009 2 pm
Several hundred people joined a peaceful Stop the War Coalition march from the American embassy in Grosvenor Square to Trafalgar Square which brought together protesters from the Stop the War Coalition, Palestine Solidarity Campaign, The British Muslim Initiative, and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.

1 April 2009 4 pm
An "alternative G20 Summit" with speakers including Tony Benn, Ken Loach, Ken Livingstone, John McDonnell and Caroline Lucas was scheduled to take place at the University of East London which was close to the main G20 Summit venue. At the last minute the university announced that the whole university would close for the duration of the summit on safety grounds, also that Prof Chris Knight, an anthropologist at the University for 20 years, had been suspended and the alternative summit was cancelled. In the event, the summit did go ahead and was held on the lawns of the university and started an hour later than planned and an attendance of 200–300 people.

2 April 2009

Around 200 people gathered for a vigil outside Bank following news of Ian Tomlinson's death, and were subjected to a police "kettle" despite the vigil being peaceful.
200 anti-war protesters from the Stop the War Coalition protested at the ExCeL Centre.

2 April 2009
"Spiderman", the French climber Alain Robert, climbed the Lloyd's building and unfurled a banner saying "100 months to save the world" in reference to the urgency of tackling climate change.

Put People First

On 28 March 2009, 35,000 people marched through London. At a rally in Hyde Park, they were addressed by Global Call to Action Against Poverty co-chair Kumi Naidoo, TUC General Secretary Brendan Barber, environmentalist Tony Juniper, activist comedian Mark Thomas, and global justice author Susan George amongst others. They heard calls for international action to deliver tax justice, trade justice and a Green New Deal in both rich and poor countries.

The Put People First alliance of more than 160 unions, development, faith and environment groups called on the G20 leaders to recognise that "only just, fair and sustainable policies can lead the world out of recession, and that a return to 'business as usual' – with the associated poverty, inequality and climate change – is not an option".

Christian NGOs including World Vision and Tearfund organised an ecumenical service on the day at Methodist Central Hall, overseen by the Bishop of London. Delegations joined the march from around the world, including Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Korea, USA, Australia, South Africa, Zambia, Canada and the Philippines.

G20 Meltdown

This protest took place outside the Bank of England. The aim was to "create a carnival outside the bank" and to "overthrow capitalism". Protesters referred to the day as "Financial Fools' Day", a reference to the protest taking place on April Fools' Day.

The protest started at 11:25 as four planned marches, each led by one of the "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse", converged on the Bank: the red horse against war approached from Moorgate; the green horse against climate chaos from Liverpool Street station; the silver horse against financial crimes from London Bridge and the black horse against land enclosures and borders from Cannon Street. Protesters were at the Bank of England by 11:53. Protest chants included "build a bonfire, put the bankers on the top", and some protesters shouted "jump" and "shame on you" at bankers watching from windows. The police cordoned off thousands of protesters at 12:52 and many of those within the cordon were not allowed to leave for up to seven hours. Tom Brake, a Member of Parliament and legal observer who was among those "kettled", has criticised this tactic.

The windows of a branch of the Royal Bank of Scotland were broken by a group of protesters at 13:45, some of whom entered the building and looted office equipment and papers and threw smoke grenades, chairs and eggs There was intense media attention to this event, with a ring of photographers surrounding the people breaking the windows and David Howarth MP later commented that one of the unresolved mysteries of the day was why the moment that a masked person threw the first piece of scaffolding through the window it was observed by hundreds of photographers and film crews already in position. Four people, including a 17-year-old girl, have been charged in connection to this damage. RBS has asked for £40,000 in damages from the teenage girl, who has admitted burglary and criminal damage.

Following the damage to the bank there were violent confrontations with the police with police using batons against the protesters while trying to push them back. Some protesters fought back, including one masked protester who hit police with a pole, resulting in one injury and a smoke or flour bomb was also thrown. A branch of HSBC also had windows smashed. A journalist reported that the police "were spat on, hit and had vile abuse screamed into their faces from inches away."

A professional photographer saw what they described as "agents provocateurs" instigating violence. One who was throwing bottles was challenged by protesters, who accused him of being a police officer. He ran to police lines and was allowed through after showing I.D. Tom Brake MP has also said that members of the crowd told him about suspected agents provocateurs who had been encouraging the crowd to throw objects at the police. A police spokesman said that "We would never deploy officers in this way or condone such behaviour."

Without alternative facilities, people used the entrances to Bank Underground station as a urinal, although the police said that temporary toilets and water were made available to protesters. As people were eventually allowed to leave at about 20:00, they were asked for their names and addresses, and required to have a photograph taken. They are, under the law, obliged to provide their name and address, however they did not need to provide the photograph, but those who refused were put back in the pen.

Commander Bob Broadhurst, the officer in charge of policing the G20 protests, said that the "overall mood" of the 1 April demonstrations was good although "unfortunately small groups of protesters intent on violence mixed with the crowds of lawful demonstrators." A bystander, Ian Tomlinson, died after being pushed to the ground by a police officer.

Squats
Protesters set up four squats as bases close to the Bank of England on 31 March. The police raided an occupied derelict pub in Shoreditch on the evening of the 31st which had been publicised as a "convergence space for protesters"; they stopped and searched people entering the building and arrested three people, one on suspicion of assaulting a police officer.

On 1 April Payne House on Earl Street near Liverpool Street Station was promoted as venue for workshops, films and accommodation with space to house "many, many people". The venue was advertised as a drug-free and alcohol-free centre with no photography allowed without permission. Police later raided a large Victorian office building in Earl Street and another squatted building, the RampART Social Center, in Whitechapel on 2 April, detaining a total of at least 80 people and arresting four. A video of the raid allegedly shows an officer pointing a Taser at protesters who are lying on the floor, which would be against police guidelines.

Climate Camp

The "Camp in the City" () on 1 April 2009 aimed to draw attention to carbon trading, claiming that far from being a way of reducing release of climate change gasses in the atmosphere it is used as an excuse to continue doing just that. The camp took place outside the European Climate Exchange in Bishopsgate

Prior to the actual camp a group of participants had played a game called "capture the flag" in the area on 27 March which was used by the protesters to familiarise themselves with the locale.

Climate Camp organisers agreed to meet with police and exchange contact details shortly before the protest. The meeting was arranged by Liberal Democrat MP David Howarth, who was to mediate at the meeting which was to take place at the House of Commons. Scotland Yard confirmed that a meeting was to take place with police Commander Bob Broadhurst and Chief Superintendent Ian Thomas.

The camp, which was intended to last for 24 hours, started at 12:30 pm when a camp was established in a section of Bishopsgate between Threadneedle Street and London Wall with tents set up and bunting across the road reading "Nature doesn't do bailouts". There were solar-powered sound systems, musicians and a food stall and some 1,000-plus relaxed people.

The atmosphere was still relaxed at about 5 pm when police with helmets, shields and batons began to surround areas of the camp using section 14 of the Public Order Act 1986.

At about 7 pm the police stopped allowing people to enter or leave the protest. The police advanced on protesters who put their hands in the air and passively resisted while chanting "This is not a riot", a tactic that emerged over the course of a number of Camp for Climate Action gatherings. There were scuffles with the police in which several protesters were hit and kicked by the police and one policewoman needed medical attention. Within the cordon people carried on playing music and preparing food and until the police began letting people leave at about 11:30 pm and cleared the area of the last protesters at about 2 am.

Organizers of the Climate Camp have released a report of the protests and the police response, "Demonstrating Respect for Rights", which includes allegations of police using violence to clear the camp after journalists had left. The camp legal team also released a video of the protests, which includes footage of a demonstrator being struck on the head by a police riot shield, and of another man being punched in the face as the crowd retreats from police.

Alternative London Summit

An "alternative G20 Summit" with speakers including Tony Benn, Ken Loach, Ken Livingstone, John McDonnell and Caroline Lucas was scheduled to take place at the University of East London, which is close to where the main G20 Summit was held. At the last minute the university announced that the whole university would close for the duration of the summit on safety grounds, also that Prof Chris Knight, an expert in anthropology at the University for 20 years, had been suspended for "inciting criminal action, specifically violence against policemen and women and damage to banking institutions", and that the alternative summit was cancelled. In the event, the summit did go ahead and was held on the lawns of the university and started an hour later than planned; 200–300 people attended.

Policing

Operation Glencoe

Scotland Yard officers drew up Operation Glencoe, the plan to protect the summit and prevent disorder. The overall commander (the Gold commander) was Commander Bob Broadhurst.

Before the event Commander Simon O'Brien said that the capital would see "almost unprecedented level of activity" of protest activity with seven officially notified demonstrations and possibly many more they don't know about. Scotland Yard described the G20 policing plan as one of the largest, most challenging and complicated public order operations it has ever devised. They said that the level and style of activity on the internet suggested a re-emergence of groups with similar aims to the anti-globalisation protesters who turned to violence in 2000 and 2001. They said they were determined to avoid the violent scenes of the 2001 G8 in Genoa in which one protester was killed and hundreds more injured. In the days leading up to the summit, the Metropolitan police warned protest groups that the protests on 1 April would be "very violent" and that they were "up for it, and up to it" in the event of trouble.

The police used the crowd-control tactic known as containment or the “kettle”, to hold 5,000 people inside a police cordon without food, drink or lavatory facilities. This combined with riot police pushing into crowds with shields and batons.

Ian Tomlinson died after being shoved and struck by a police officer within a police cordon of the G20 Meltdown protest near the Bank of England. Initially, the City of London Police denied that any incident with the police had occurred, and the death was attributed to natural causes. One week, later video evidence emerged of a Metropolitan police officer pushing Tomlinson to the ground.

Including a number of raids on squats on 2 April 2009, the police made over 100 arrests and said they had identified and would track down those who had broken the law. A teenage girl was convicted of criminal damage An estimated 5,000 people took part in the protests. The Daily Telegraph suggested that the policing of the event would turn out to have been the most expensive police operation in British history at an estimated cost of up to £8 million, or £1,600 per protester.

One raid on a climate change group the day after the main protests was ruled to have been illegal in March 2010, the Met Commissioner said that it was unlawful to arrest and search protestors and to force them to be recorded on film. Two protesters were each awarded £3000 compensation after the Met admitted the operation was unlawful as there were no reasonable grounds for suspicion.

Response to police tactics
The police choice of "Operation Glencoe" as a codename was linked with the Glencoe Massacre.
In the buildup to the protests the chairman of the Joint Committee on Human Rights, Andrew Dismore, MP, said that "The police have a duty under the Human Rights Act to facilitate protest and not frustrate it. If they act in a confrontational way and use confrontation language, they will start to provoke the kind of behaviour they are seeking to prevent. There may well be a fringe element that want to incite violence. But that doesn't mean police should criminalise every protester." David Howarth, a Liberal Democrat MP, said: "I am increasingly worried that what the police are saying about the protests will end up in a self-fulfilling prophecy. By talking up the prospect of violence they [the police] will put off peaceful demonstrators and start to attract other sorts."

Jenny Jones, a member of the Metropolitan Police Authority, said of reports of police brutality that "If the police were hitting people who were sitting down with their hands up, we have entered a new era of overt violent policing in Britain that will deter people from protesting and cut back our civil liberties". A police Commander said that their "tactics were proportionate and worked". Jean Lambert, MEP, of the London Green Party, wrote an open letter to the Metropolitan Police Commissioner after the event asking for an explanation of the police tactics at the climate camp.

A number of allegations of police misconduct have been reported, including by a press photographer. The IPCC has received 185 complaints relating to police actions at the demonstrations, 40 of which were ineligible and 80 of which concern violence. An officer is being investigated and has received a written warning after writing "Rob Ward can't wait to bash some long haired hippys up @ the G20" as a Facebook status update on the evening of 1 April. Liberal Democrat MP Chris Huhne has noted "the canteen culture of some parts of the Met".

The National Union of Journalists has considered taking legal action after Section 14 of the Public Order Act 1986 was used against journalists covering the protests on 2 April. The City of London police asked them to leave the area at the Royal Exchange for half an hour, and threatened arrest if they refused. Section 14 is to prevent "serious public disorder, serious criminal damage or serious disruption to the life of the community". The police earlier apologised to journalists reporting the 1 April protests at the Bank of England: "Section 14 was applied outside the Bank of England to disperse protesters. There may have been some photographers caught up in that. If so we apologise. We respect the right of photographers to cover current events."

Sir Paul Stephenson, the Metropolitan Police Commissioner, expressed "concern that the video footage of some police actions are clearly disturbing and should be thoroughly investigated", and a need to be reassured that the use of the containment, or kettling tactic "remains appropriate and proportionate". Denis O'Connor has said that some police behaviour "fell short of the police medal promise to "guard my people"." Others have defended the policing of the protests. Sir Ken Jones, the President of the Association of Chief Police Officers, has criticised the lack of objectivity which he perceives has been shown by the media. Jones went onto question the views put forward by Nick Hardwick, the Chair of the IPCC. Jones also stated that he "can't think of any other country that doesn't use water cannons, CS gas, rubber bullets". The Police Federation has also criticised the IPCC, making a formal complaint about the "deplorable behaviour" of Nick Hardwick, Chairman of the IPCC, for passing "lofty and withering judgment on London's police officers". Home Office Minister Lord West said in the House of Lords that "thousands of officers acted absolutely professionally and proportionately, thousands were actually able to demonstrate peacefully on our streets, criminal activity in the rest of the metropolis was kept to an absolute minimum and the police also maintained high levels of security. And I think we should be extremely proud of them. This does not excuse acts which are criminal and there are now investigations taking place for those particulars." The Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, has defended the police, and said that "I worry that there are large sections of the media that are currently engaged in a very unbalanced orgy of cop bashing".

Nicola Fisher video

On 14 April, media outlets published video taken during a vigil for Ian Tomlinson on 2 April outside the Bank of England, near to where he died. A sergeant with the Territorial Support Group is seen slapping a woman who was arguing with him, Nicola Fisher, across the face, then striking her legs with his baton. The officer's identification number was concealed. The IPCC said it would investigate, and the officer was suspended. Sir Paul Stephenson said that uniformed officers should always display their shoulder identification numbers, as "The public has a right to be able to identify any uniformed officer whilst performing their duty." In September 2009, the officer was named as Sgt Delroy 'Tony' Smellie, and the CPS announced that it would charge him with assault. The court case against Delroy Smellie commenced in March 2010 and he has been found not guilty.

Another demonstrator, Katie Surridge, has alleged that she was pushed to the ground from behind on 1 April by the same officer who later struck Nicola Fisher. That incident has also been reported to the IPCC. IPCC have announced that there is no case to answer.

Review of the policing of public events

On 15 April 2009, Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir Paul Stephenson asked the Chief Inspector of Constabulary to review policing tactics in the policing of public events. Denis O'Connor will review the policing of public events following allegations of two assaults by police during the G20 protests in London on 1 April. He will also assess whether the tactic of containment or kettling is appropriate and proportionate to ensuring people have the right to protest. He said the event was a "complex policing operation", and that footage of clashes with police will be reviewed to check if other incidents need to be examined. Sir Paul stressed that all uniformed officers must wear shoulder identification numbers to be easily identifiable by the public. Among the tactics being reviewed is the crowd-control tactic known as the “kettle”, used to pen in protesters. Bob Broadhurst, the commanding officer during the protests, blamed any misconduct of officers on the lack of training they receive in crowd control and on fear. He revealed during a Commons Home Affairs Committee that officers only receive 2 days of training a year.

On Tuesday 25 January 2011, Broadhurst apologised to the home affairs select committee for telling then in May 2009 that no plain-clothes officers were present at the demonstrations; He admitted that numerous City of London police officers had been present at the demonstration, along with more than one Met officer, including PC Mark Kennedy.

On 14 April 2011 the high court has ruled that the Metropolitan police broke the law in the way they "kettled" protesters at the G20 demonstrations in 2009, and also criticised the use of force by officers.

Death of Ian Tomlinson

Ian Tomlinson, a newspaper vendor in the City of London, died within a police cordon of the G20 Meltdown protest near the Bank of England. Initially the City of London Police denied that any incident with the police had occurred, and the death was attributed to natural causes. Days later, The Guardian published video showing Tomlinson had been pushed by a Metropolitan Police Service officer and hit with a baton minutes before he collapsed and died.

The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) subsequently ordered a second post mortem and set up an independent criminal inquiry to determine whether Tomlinson was assaulted by police, and whether that assault contributed to his death. The results of this second post mortem have revealed that Tomlinson actually died from an abdominal haemorrhage caused by the baton strike. A police officer was questioned under caution about Tomlinson's death.

References

External links

G20 police assault on Ian Tomlinson – The Guardian newspaper's dedicated portal
 BBC summary of events
G20 protests: full video footage of police tactics on The Guardian website
Original Alternative G20 summit website

2009 in London
Protests summit 2009 London
Protests in London
Anti-globalization protests
Anti-war protests
Environmental protests in the United Kingdom
Civil rights protests
Protest marches
History of the City of London
G-20 London summit
2009 in the environment
April 2009 events in the United Kingdom


Help is the eighth studio album  by the American garage rock band Osees, released on April 28, 2009, on In the Red Records. It was the band's second album to be released under the name Thee Oh Sees.

Track listing

2009 albums
Oh Sees albums
In the Red Records albums


Katina Papa (; 1903–1959) was a Greek writer. She became well known for her poetry and novels.

Life

She was born in the village of Janicat in the Ottoman Empire, today part of the Finiq municipality in southern Albania. Her family had to find refuge in the nearby island of Corfu because her father was accused by the local Ottoman authorities of participating in a local revolt.

Katina Papa studied at the University of Athens and then became a teacher. Her writing is associated with her experiences as a teacher. Her first book Stin sikaminia apo kato (Under the Mulberry Tree) received the Academy of Athens award. Papa's main characters are mainly girls, such as Tasoula (in a novel with the same title), a servant girl from Corfu, where she dreams to live with her godfather in Athens. She writes to him about her dreams. He answers, but the girl cannot manage to open the letter, fearing that the answer might be negative.

The distinguished author Nikos Kazantzakis said to her once, "I really admire your writing style... the sensitivity, the liveliness".

Katina Papa died in Athens in 1957 at the age of 54. After her death her sister, the painter Aglaia Papa, arranged for publication of Katina's novel S'ena gymnasio thyleon ("In a girls' high school") and a collection of Katina's poems: Poiimata (Poems).

Works
Sti sykaminia apo kato (Under the Mullbery Tree) 1935.
An allazan ola (If Everything Changed) 1948.
S'ena gymnasio thyleon (At a Girls' High School).
Poiimata (Poems) 1963.

Her works have been translated into several languages.

References

1903 births
1959 deaths
People from Finiq
20th-century Greek poets
Greek women novelists
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni
Greeks from the Ottoman Empire
Greek women poets
20th-century women writers
20th-century novelists
Emigrants from the Ottoman Empire to Greece


Present Estonian system of rank insignia is a direct descendant of various systems used in the past in the Estonian Defence Forces. Some of the grades trace their name back to the period of World Wars, for instance, the rank of aspirant literally means an officer in training in military academies or voluntaries, serving as temporary officers.

Most of the Estonian Army ranks were established during the Estonian War of Independence and in the 1920s. These include the rank of kapral, which is a derivate of Italian caporale – much like the English equivalent of corporal. After the Soviet occupation ended in 1991, a new rank was established, creating for the first time a brigadier general rank in the armed forces of Estonia. In Estonia, rank insignia is worn on the chest. Estonian Junior NCOs are considered as a rank of a conscript NCO or NCO in reserve. In full-time service, junior sergeants and petty officers 3rd class are filling in various soldier positions, and naval ratings and are not taken as NCOs.

Estonian Land Forces ranks and insignia

Officer candidates

Aspirants

Estonian Navy ranks and insignia

Estonian Air Force ranks and insignia

Historical Estonian Defence League staff positions and insignia
The separate rank system for the Estonian Defence League was officially abolished in 2013, and it now uses ranks and insignia identical to the Land Forces.

See also
Estonian Defence Forces

References

External links
Estonian Defence Forces
Estonian Ministry of Defence


The 1985 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1985. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) recognizes five selectors as "official" for the 1985 season. They are: (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA); (2) the Associated Press (AP) selected based on the votes of sports writers at AP newspapers; (3) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA); (4) the United Press International (UPI) selected based on the votes of sports writers at UPI newspapers; and (5) the Walter Camp Football Foundation (WC).  Other selectors included Football News (FN), Gannett News Service (GNS), the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), Pro Football Weekly, Scripps Howard (SH), and The Sporting News (TSN).

Ten players were unanimously selected as first-team All-Americans by all five official selectors.  They are:
 Bo Jackson, Auburn running back who rushed for 1,786 yards and won the 1985 Heisman Trophy;
 Chuck Long, Iowa quarterback who won the 1985 Davey O'Brien Award and Maxwell Award and placed second in the 1985 Heisman Trophy voting;
 Lorenzo White, Michigan State running back who became the first Big Ten Conference player to rush for over 2,000 yards and placed fourth in the 1985 Heisman Trophy voting;
 Brian Bosworth, Oklahoma linebacker who won the 1985 Dick Butkus Award;
 David Williams, Illinois wide receiver who caught 85 passes for 1,047 yards and finished his college career as the second leading receiver in NCAA history;
 Larry Station, Iowa linebacker who led the team in tackles for the fourth straight season with 129;
 John Lee, UCLA placekicker who set the NCAA record for highest percentage of extra points and field goals made in a career with 93.3% (116 of 117 PATs, 79 of 92 FGs);
 Jim Dombrowski, Virginia offensive tackle;
 Leslie O'Neal, Oklahoma defensive end; and
 Tim Green, Syracuse defensive end.

Consensus All-Americans
The following charts identify the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans for the year 1985 and displays which first-team designations they received.

Offense

Defense

Special teams

Offense

Quarterbacks

 Chuck Long, Iowa (CFHOF) (AFCA, AP, FWAA, UPI, WC, GNS, NEA-1, SH, TSN)
 Vinny Testaverde, Miami (Fla.) (CFHOF)  (AP-2, UPI-2)
 Jim Everett, Purdue (AP-3)

Running backs

 Bo Jackson, Auburn (CFHOF) (AFCA, AP, FWAA, UPI, WC, GNS, NEA-1, SH, TSN)
 Lorenzo White, Michigan State (AFCA, AP, FWAA, UPI, WC, GNS, NEA-1, SH, TSN)
 Napoleon McCallum, Navy (CFHOF) (AP-2, WC)
 Reggie Dupard, SMU (AP-2, FWAA, UPI-2)
 Thurman Thomas, Oklahoma State (CFHOF) (AP-3, UPI)
 Doug DuBose, Nebraska (UPI-2)
 Paul Palmer, Temple (UPI-2)
 Tom Rathman, Nebraska (AP-3)

Wide receivers

 David Williams, Illinois  (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, UPI-1, WC, NEA-1, SH, TSN)
 Tim McGee, Tennessee (AFCA, AP-1, UPI-1, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 Lew Barnes, Oregon (AP-2, FWAA)
 Kelvin Martin, Boston College (TSN)
 Webster Slaughter, San Diego State (AP-2)
 Mark Bellini, BYU (AP-3, UPI-2)
 Walter Murray, Hawaii (AP-3, GNS)
 Richard Estell, Kansas (UPI-2)

Tight ends

 Willie Smith, Miami (Fla.) (AFCA, AP-1, WC, NEA-1, SH, TSN)
 Brian Forster, Rhode Island (GNS)
 Keith Jackson, Oklahoma (AP-2)
 Eric Kattus, Michigan (AP-3)

Centers

 Peter Anderson, Georgia (AFCA, AP-1, UPI-1, GNS, TSN)
 Gene Chilton, Texas (AP-3, UPI-2, WC, NEA-1)
 Bill Lewis, Nebraska (AP-2, FWAA, SH)

Guards

 Jeff Bregel, USC (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, UPI-1, NEA-1, SH, TSN)
 John Rienstra, Temple (AP-1, FWAA, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 J. D. Maarleveld, Maryland (AFCA, UPI-1, NEA-1 [OT])
 Jamie Dukes, Florida State (AP-2, FWAA, UPI-2, WC, SH)
 Jeff Zimmerman, Florida (AP-3, UPI-2, WC, GNS, TSN)
 Tim Scannell, Notre Dame (SH)
 Don Smith, Army (AP-2)
 Todd Moules, Penn State (AP-3)

Tackles

 Jim Dombrowski, Virginia (CFHOF) (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, UPI-1, WC, NEA-1, TSN)
 Brian Jozwiak, West Virginia (AP-1, UPI-1, WC)
 John Davis, Georgia Tech (TSN)
 Don Smith, Army (AFCA)
 James FitzPatrick, USC (GNS)
 Joe Milinichik, North Carolina State (GNS)
 John Clay, Missouri (AP-2)
 Doug Williams, Texas A&M (AP-2, UPI-2)
 Mark Cochran, Baylor (UPI-2)
 Steve Wallace, Auburn (AP-3)
 Will Wolford, Vanderbilt (AP-3)

Defense

Defensive ends

 Leslie O'Neal, Oklahoma State (AFCA, AP, FWAA, UPI, WC, GNS, NEA-1 [DT], SH, TSN)
 Tim Green, Syracuse (AFCA, AP, FWAA, UPI, WC, GNS, SH, TSN)
 Pat Swilling, Georgia Tech (CFHOF) (FWAA, UPI-2)
 Jim Skow, Nebraska (AFCA, UPI-2)

Defensive tackles

 Tony Casillas, Oklahoma (CFHOF)  (AP, FWAA, UPI, WC, GNS, NEA-1 [NG], SH, TSN)
 Mike Hammerstein, Michigan (AFCA, AP, UPI, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 Jon Hand, Alabama (TSN)

Middle guards

 Mike Ruth, Boston College (CFHOF) (AFCA, FWAA, UPI, WC, GNS, SH)

Linebackers

 Brian Bosworth, Oklahoma (CFHOF) (AFCA, AP, FWAA, UPI, WC, GNS)
 Larry Station, Iowa (CFHOF) (AFCA, AP, FWAA, UPI, WC, NEA-1, SH)
 Johnny Holland, Texas A&M (AP, FWAA, UPI-2)
 Cornelius Bennett, Alabama (CFHOF) (UPI-2, WC, TSN)
 Pepper Johnson, Ohio State (UPI)
 Michael Brooks, LSU (AP, GNS, SH)
 Kevin Murphy, Oklahoma (UPI-2 [line], NEA-1, TSN)
 Alonzo Johnson, Florida (UPI-2 [line], GNS, SH, TSN)
 Shane Conlan, Penn State (CFHOF) (UPI-2, NEA-1)
 Chris Spielman, Ohio State (CFHOF) (NEA-1)
 Mike Mallory, Michigan (UPI-2)

Defensive backs

 David Fulcher, Arizona State (AFCA, AP-1, UPI-1, WC, GNS, NEA-1, TSN)
 Brad Cochran, Michigan (AFCA, FWAA, UPI-1, WC, SH)
 Scott Thomas, Air Force (AFCA, FWAA, UPI-2, WC, NEA-1)
 Allen Durden, Arizona (UPI-1, WC, NEA-1)
 Thomas Everett, Baylor (AFCA, AP-1)
 Mark Moore, Oklahoma State (AP-1, UPI-2, GNS, TSN)
 Tim McDonald, USC  (TSN)
 Mark Collins, Cal-State Fullerton (GNS, TSN)
 Michael Zordich, Penn State (FWAA, SH)
 Rod Woodson, Purdue (CFHOF) (NEA-1)
 Chris White, Tennessee (SH)
 Phil Parker, Michigan State (UPI-2)
 Odell Jones, East Carolina ( UPI-2) FWAA

Special teams

Placekickers

 John Lee, UCLA (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, UPI-1, WC, GNS, NEA-1, SH, TSN)
 John Diettrich, Ball State (AP-2)
 Carlos Reveiz, Tennessee (AP-3, UPI-2)

Punters

 Barry Helton, Colorado (AP-1, UPI-1, WC, GNS)
 Lewis Colbert, Auburn (AFCA, UPI-2, TSN)
 Bill Smith, Mississippi  (FWAA)
 Ray Criswell, Florida (NEA-1)
 Mark Simon, Air Force (AP-2, SH)
 Steve Kidd, Rice (AP-3)

Returners

 Errol Tucker, Utah (FWAA, GNS, TSN)

Key
 Bold – Consensus All-American
 -1 – First-team selection
 -2 – Second-team selection
 -3 – Third-team selection
 CFHOF = College Football Hall of Fame inductee

Official selectors

 AFCA – American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), selected by the members of the AFCA for the Kodak All-America team
 AP – Associated Press
 FWAA – Football Writers Association of America
 UPI – United Press International
 WC – Walter Camp Football Foundation

Other selectors

 FN – Football News
 GNS – Gannett News Service selected by Joel S. Buchsbaum
 NEA – Newspaper Enterprise Association
 PFW – Pro Football Weekly
 SH – Scripps Howard
 TSN – The Sporting News

See also
 1985 All-Big Eight Conference football team
 1985 All-Big Ten Conference football team
 1985 All-Pacific-10 Conference football team
 1985 All-SEC football team

References

All-America Team
College Football All-America Teams


Cordon and search is a military tactic to cordon off an area and search the premises for weapons or insurgents. It is one of the basic counterinsurgency operations. Two types of cordon and search operations are cordon and knock and cordon and kick (or cordon and enter).

In a cordon and knock operation, counterinsurgency forces assemble around an area to provide security ("cordon") and then obtain permission to search the area from residents ("knock"). The occupants may be asked to leave buildings prior to the search, to avoid physical contact and conflict between the search party and the building occupants. This is called a tactical callout. A cordon and ask operation involves the assistance of local authorities. If permission is denied but the residents are thought to be friendly or neutral, counterinsurgency force leaders may decide not to search an area.

A cordon and kick or cordon and enter operation is more forceful than cordon and knock. It is performed without obtaining permission of the occupants. It may be done because permission is not given for a cordon and knock operation; however, if resistance is expected, a cordon and kick operation may be planned from the start. The type of force used to enter the building may range from simply opening a door to using explosives.

Cordon and knock is a relatively new technique in military operations. It has taken over the old term of a simple house search.  It is part of new doctrine called Stability and Support Operations or SASO. It is a technique used where there is no hard intelligence of weapons in the house and therefore is less intense than a normal house search.  It is used in urban neighborhoods.  The purpose of the mission is to search a house with as little inconvenience to the resident family as possible.

See also

References

Chronology: How the Mosul raid unfolded. Accessed 28.07.2005

Military tactics
Articles containing video clips
Search procedures


Vincent Cobos (born 4 March 1965) is a French retired footballer who played as a central defender.

Football career
Cobos was born in Strasbourg. For nine seasons, he played professionally with hometown's RC Strasbourg, including two as captain, and helped his team achieve promotion to Ligue 1 in 1987–88 as champions.

Cobos retired from the game at only 28, after two years with lowly SAS Épinal. He appeared in 235 games all competitions comprised with his main club.

Personal life / Post-retirement
Cobos' younger brother, José, was also a footballer and a defender. He too played for Strasbourg, and the siblings shared teams from 1988 to 1991.

After retiring, Cobos worked with Canal+'s show Foot+.

External links
RC Strasbourg archives

1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Strasbourg
French people of Spanish descent
French men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
RC Strasbourg Alsace players
SAS Épinal players


United People's Movement is a coalition currently active in Kyrgyzstan. The coalition was formed in December, 2008 as an umbrella group representing various factions in opposition to Kyrgyz President Kurmanbek Bakiyev, and includes parties such as Ata Meken, Ak Shumkar, Asaba and Jany Kyrgyzstan, as well as the Social Democrats – which is the only party represented in parliament besides the ruling, and pro-Bakiyev, Ak Zhol.

On 20 April 2009, the United People's Movement announced its candidate – Almazbek Atambayev, the leader of the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan, the only opposition party represented in parliament.

References

Political party alliances in Kyrgyzstan


Wang Gang (; born 17 February 1989 in Tianjin) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Beijing Guoan.

Club career
Wang Gang began his football career with the Tianjin Locomotive youth teams before being called up to the Chinese U17 team where he was part of the squad that won the 2004 AFC U-17 Championship. This was followed with inclusion in the team that participated in the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship.  After the tournament he would sign for Portuguese club S.L. Benfica initially for one year with the option of a further three. At Benfica he would play for their youth team before he moved to third-tier club Chaves.

Wang transferred to S.C. Beira-Mar in 2009. He played 26 games during the 2009–10 season, and was a substitute for 24 of the 26 matches he played in, which was the record in 2009-10 season. Wang went back to China to play for Shandong Luneng, but was immediately sent on loan to S.C. Covilhã of the Portuguese Segunda Liga. He returned to Shandong after playing 13 games for S.C. Covilhã, scoring one goal.

On his return to Shandong he was unable to establish himself within the team and on 4 February 2015 he transferred to third tier Portuguese club S.G. Sacavenense. After only one game he returned back to China to join top tier club Guizhou Renhe on 25 June 2015. He go on to make his debut on 27 June 2015, in a league game against Liaoning Whowin in a 2-1 defeat where he also scored his first goal for the club. Unfortunately he would be part of the team that was relegated at the end of the 2015 Chinese Super League season. He would remain loyal towards the club as they moved locations, renamed themselves Beijing Renhe and gained promotion back into the top tier at the end of the 2016 league season.

On 25 February 2019, Wang transferred to Chinese Super League side Beijing Sinobo Guoan. He would make his debut for them in a league game on 1 March 2019 against Wuhan Zall in a 1-0 victory.

International career
Wang Gang was called up to and made his first appearance for these China's national football team on 3 March 2010, in a friendly match against Portugal, however, the game was not recognised by FIFA. He made his official debut for the Chinese national team in a 1-0 loss against Thailand in the 2019 China Cup.

Career statistics

Club statistics
Statistics accurate as of match played 31 January 2023.

International statistics

Honours

Club
Beira-Mar
 Liga de Honra: 2009–10

Shandong Luneng Taishan
Chinese FA Cup: 2014

International
China U-17
 AFC U-17 Championship: 2004

References

External links
 Official Instagram Of Wang Gang

G.D. Chaves profile

1989 births
Living people
Chinese men's footballers
Footballers from Tianjin
China men's international footballers
Chinese expatriate men's footballers
G.D. Chaves players
S.C. Beira-Mar players
Shandong Taishan F.C. players
Beijing Chengfeng F.C. players
Beijing Guoan F.C. players
Chinese Super League players
China League One players
Primeira Liga players
Campeonato de Portugal (league) players
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Chinese expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Men's association football forwards
Men's association football wingers
Men's association football fullbacks


Elegia di Madonna Fiammetta, or The Elegy of Lady Fiammetta in English, is a novel by the Italian writer Giovanni Boccaccio, probably written between 1343 and 1344. Written in the form of a first-person confessional monologue, it describes the protagonist, Fiammetta's, passion for Panfilo, a Florentine merchant, and takes place in Naples. It has been characterised as the first psychological novel in Western literature. It consists of a prologue and nine chapters.

Plot
Lady Fiammetta recounts her tragic love affair with Panfilo, offering it as a warning to other women. Lady Fiammetta and Panfilo quickly fall in love and have an affair, only to have it end when Panfilo returns to Florence.

Although he promises to return to Naples, she eventually realizes that he has another lover in Florence. The narrative revolves around Fiammetta's jealousy and despair caused by the affair, rather than the development of her relationship with Panfilo. She eventually considers suicide, but her nurse stops her. Her hopes in the end are bolstered by the news that Panfilo may be coming back to Naples after all.

Translations
Two translations of Boccaccio's Elegia have come out in recent years. The two translations differ in their principles of translation and their Italian texts. The Elegy of Madonna Fiammetta Sent by Her to Women in Love, by Roberta L. Payne and Alexandra Hennessey Olsenhope, is aimed at a popular audience. The Mariangela Causa-Steindler and Thomas Mauch translation, The Elegy of Lady Fiammetta, is more scholarly.

See also
Juan de Flores wrote a sentimental novel, Grimalte y Gradissa, which presents itself as a kind of sequel to the Elegia di Madonna Fiammetta.

Sources
 Causa-Steindler, Mariangela and Thomas Mauch (1990). The Elegy of Lady Fiammetta. University of Chicago Press. .
 Hennessey, Alexandra and Roberta L. Payne (1993). The Elegy of Madonna Fiammetta Sent by Her to Women in Love. Peter Lang Publishing. .

External links
 https://www.gutenberg.org/files/10006/10006-h/10006-h.htm: English translation of La Fiammetta by Giovanni Boccaccio, translated by James C. Brogan, 1907.

14th-century novels
Medieval Italian literature
Works by Giovanni Boccaccio
Novels set in Naples
Italian novels
Love stories
Psychological novels


Joseph Beaudreau (March 17, 1826 – October 5, 1869) was a farmer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Richelieu in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1861 to 1863 and again in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to 1869 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Sorel, Lower Canada, the son of Pierre Beaudreau, dit Graveline and Marie-Anne Dupré. He operated a farm at Saint-Aimé. Beaudreau was married twice: to Élisabeth Perron in 1845 and to Marie Moreault in 1867. He served as mayor of Saint-Aimé. He was defeated when he ran for reelection to the legislative assembly for the Province of Canada in 1863. Beaudreau died in office at Saint-Aimé at the age of 43.

References

1826 births
1869 deaths
Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs
Mayors of places in Quebec
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada East


The POrtable COmponents (POCO) C++ Libraries are computer software, a set of class libraries for developing computer network-centric, portable applications in the programming language C++. The libraries cover functions such as threads, thread synchronizing, file system access, streams, shared libraries and class loading, Internet sockets, and network communications protocols (HTTP, FTP, SMTP, etc.), and include an HTTP server, and an XML parser with SAX2 and DOM interfaces and SQL database access. The modular and efficient design and implementation makes the libraries well suited for embedded system development.

The libraries are free and open-source software distributed under the Boost Software License 1.0.

Overview
POCO is a set of C++ libraries providing users with library support similar to that found in other development environments, like the Java Class Library, .NET Framework, or Apple's Cocoa.  POCO is centered on network-centric application domains and developed with modern ANSI/ISO Standard C++ and C++ Standard Library facilities and techniques with emphasis on powerful functionality, ease of use, and consistency.  Governed primarily by code quality, consistent style and unit testing, POCO is highly portable, and already ported to a variety of different platforms.

History

Library hierarchy

, POCO C++ Libraries are split into five core libraries with optional add-on libraries available with each release.  The design and hierarchy of POCO C++ is considered well designed. The five core component libraries cover the following areas that can be found in the basic edition:
Foundation
 Platform abstraction – Eases porting issues of fundamental types, etc.
 Memory management – Resource Acquisition Is Initialization (RAII), auto_ptr, reference counting garbage collection, etc.
 String utilities
 Error handling – Extended exception classes
 streams – Encoding and decoding and filtering support
 threads – Concurrent processing support
 Date and time – Date and time support including formatting and high precision timers
 File system – Abstracted file system support
 Logging – Application and system logging, filtering and logging strategies
 Processes – Interprocess communication and memory sharing
 shared libraries – Dynamic library support
 Notifications – Abstracted notification support
 Events – Abstracted event support and strategies
 Crypt – Random number generation, Digests and encoding/decoding engines
 Text – Unicode encoding support
 Regular expressions – Based on Perl compatible regular expression
 URI – Universal Resource Identifier support
 UUID – Universally Unique Identifiers support and generators
 Cache support – Abstracted strategy support
Net
 sockets – Abstracted low level network support
 Reactor pattern – Popular network abstraction pattern support
 MIME messages – Encoding support
 HTTP – High level HTTP support for client and servers
 FTP – High level FTP support
 Mail – POP3, SMTP stream based support
 HTML – Form support
XML
 SAX2
 Document Object Model (DOM)
 XML writer
JSON
 APIs for reading and writing JSON
Util
 Configuration files
 Command line options
 Tools and server application framework

One design goal of many targeted decisions are based around POCO C++ providing an easy to use component library that works out of the box.  , the libraries are available in two package formats: the basic and the complete editions.  The complete edition covers NetSSL, Crypto, Zip, and Data abilities, among others. The basic edition does not, and thus eliminates dependence on external facilities such as OpenSSL, ODBC, and MySQL dependencies.

Being open source enables and encourages development of further library functions.  Design and development of existing and upcoming library support is driven by the pragmatic needs of the user base.  Library additions occur in a sandbox development environment and are reviewed and integrated into the main library releases as approved by the core development team with input from contributors.

Release history
  2004 – Günter Obiltschnig began POCO by developing the class libraries because of being dissatisfied by what was available in C++ class libraries for network centric programming.
  February 21, 2005 – The first public release on SourceForge, under the Sleepycat License, contained the Foundation and XML support libraries.
  May 2005 – Aleksandar Fabijanic made the first contribution.
  January 19, 2006 – POCO 1.0 was released, including the Net library.
  July 2006 – POCO was relicensed under the Boost license.
  May 2007 – POCO 1.3 was released, including the Data library
  December 2010 – POCO 1.4 was released, including many improvements.
  December 2014 – POCO 1.6 was released, including the JSON and MongoDB libraries and many other improvements.
 March 2016 – POCO 1.7 was released, including many improvements.
 March 2018 - POCO 1.9 was released, including support for internationalized Domain Names and additions to supported text encodings.

Users
Users include:
 Appcelerator Titanium
 Schneider Electric Buildings (formerly TAC)
 CACE Technologies
 Mantid
 Medical Imaging Interaction Toolkit
 OpenFrameworks
 GLUEscript
 SeguriData
 Aysso Systems
 Tonido
 Gladinet
 US Army's Communications Realism Appliance (CRA)

See also
 Adaptive Communication Environment (ACE)
 Boost (C++ libraries), a large set of C++ libraries
 Loki (C++)
 List of C++ template libraries
 List of C++ multi-threading libraries

Notes

External links

 POCO Changelog covering time lines

C++ libraries
Software using the Boost license
Web server software


Beware of Safety, commonly abbreviated as BoS, is an instrumental post-rock band from Los Angeles, California. The band plays sprawling, instrumental rock that could be classified as post-metal, post-rock, and even math rock. Beware of Safety has six official releases in its catalog: It Is Curtains (2007), dogs (2009), Giants/BoS Split 7" (2011), Leaves/Scars (2011), Lotusville (2014), and Mabon (2015). The band has released albums with The Mylene Sheath in the USA as well as Friend of Mine Records in Japan and has toured throughout the USA and Europe highlighted by performances with Caspian, El Ten Eleven, If These Trees Could Talk, Té, sleepmakeswaves, Maserati, The American Dollar and Junius, among others.

The band has received a notable amount of press for their album dogs, including a write-up in Wired Magazine's Sunday Soundtracking.

In early 2009, Tad Piecka joined BoS on bass, expanding the band to five members.

The creation of 2011's Leaves/Scars was a tumultuous time for BoS with members contemplating quitting the band.

Beware of Safety's 2014 album Lotusville reflects the band's experiences living in Los Angeles, California.

Member Morgan Hendry is also an engineer at Jet Propulsion Lab.

Members
 Adam Kay - Guitar
 Jeff Zemina - Guitar
 Morgan Hendry - Drums, Keyboards
 Steve Molter - Guitar
 Tad Piecka - Bass

Discography

Albums
 dogs - (CD/LP, The Mylene Sheath, 2009)
 Leaves/Scars - (CD/LP, The Mylene Sheath, 2011)
 Lotusville - (CD/LP, 2014)
 Mabon - (CD/LP, 2015)

EPs
 It Is Curtains - (CD/LP, The Mylene Sheath, 2007)
 Mabon - (digital release, 2015 / LP, dunk!records, 2020)

References

External links
Official website
Beware of Safety on Bandcamp

Musical groups from Los Angeles
Rock music groups from California
American post-rock groups
American post-metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 2005


A List of Czech films of the 2000s.

2000s
Films
Czech


A List of Czech films of the 1990s.

1990s
Czech
Films


A List of Czech films of the 1980s.

1980s
Czech
Films


The 1977 Fischer-Grand Prix was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Wiener Stadthalle in Vienna, Austria that was part of the 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 24 October through 30 October 1977. First-seeded Brian Gottfried won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Brian Gottfried defeated  Wojciech Fibak 6–1, 6–1
 It was Gottfried's 5th singles title of the year and the 12th of his career.

Doubles

 Bob Hewitt /  Frew McMillan defeated  Wojciech Fibak /  Jan Kodeš 6–4, 6–3
 It was Hewitt's 13th title of the year and the 43rd of his career. It was McMillan's 12th title of the year and the 48th of his career.

References

External links
 ITF tournament edition details
 ATP tournament profile

Fischer-Grand Prix
Vienna Open


A List of Czech films of the 1970s.

1970s
Czech
Films


Electromethanogenesis is a form of electrofuel production where methane is produced by direct biological conversion of electrical current and carbon dioxide.

Methane producing technologies garnered interest from the scientific community prior to 2000, but electromethanogenesis did not become a significant area of interest until 2008. Publications concerning catalytic methanation have increased from 44 to over 130 since 2008. Electromethanogenesis has drawn more research due to its proposed applications. The production of methane from electrical current may provide an approach to renewable energy storage. Electrical current produced from renewable energy sources may, through electromethanogenesis, be converted into methane which may then be used as a biofuel. It may also be a useful method for the capture of carbon dioxide which may be used for air purification.

In nature, methane formation occurs biotically and abiotically. Abiogenic methane is produced on a smaller scale and the required chemical reactions do not necessitate organic materials. Biogenic methane is produced in anaerobic natural environments where methane forms as the result of the breakdown of organic materials by microbes—or microorganisms. Researchers have found that the biogenic methane production process can be replicated in a laboratory environment through electromethanogenesis. The reduction of CO2 in electromethanogenesis is facilitated by an electrical current at a biocathode in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) and with the help of microbes and electrons (Equation 1) or abiotically produced hydrogen (Equation 2).

(1) CO2 + 8H+ + 8e− ↔ CH4 + 2H2O

(2) CO2 + 4H2 ↔ CH4 + 2H2O

Biocathode
A biocathode is a cathode used in a microbial electrolysis cell during electromethanogenesis that utilizes microorganisms to catalyze the process of accepting electrons and protons from the anode. A biocathode is usually made of a cheap material, such as carbon or graphite, like the anode in the MEC. The microbe population that is placed on the biocathode must be able to pick up electrons from the electrode material (carbon or graphite) and convert those electrons to hydrogen.

Mechanism

The mechanism of electromethanogenesis is outlined in Figure 1. Water is introduced into the system with the anode, biocathode, and microbes. At the anode, microbes attract H2O molecules which are then oxidized after an electrical current is turned on from the power source. Oxygen is released from the anode side. The protons and electrons oxidized from the H2O move across the membrane where they move into the material that makes up the biocathode. The new microbe on the biocathode has the ability to transfer the new electrons from the biocathode material and convert them into protons. These protons are then used in the major pathway that drives methane production in electromethanogenesis—CO2 reduction. CO2 is brought in on the biocathode side of the system where it is reduced by the protons produced by the microorganisms to yield H2O and methane (CH4+). Methane is produced and can then be released from the biocathode side and stored.

Limitations
One limitation is the energy loss in methane-producing bioelectrochemical systems. This occurs as a result of overpotentials occurring at the anode, membrane, and biocathode. The energy loss reduces efficiency significantly. Another limitation is the biocathode. Because the biocathode is so important in electron exchange and methane formation, its make-up can have a dramatic effect on the efficiency of the reaction. Efforts are being made to improve the biocathodes used in electromethanogenesis through combining new and existing materials, reshaping the materials, or applying different "pre-treatments" to the biocathode surface, thereby increasing biocompatibility.

See also
 Bioelectrochemical reactor
 Electrochemical energy conversion
 Electrochemical engineering
 Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide
 Electrohydrogenesis
 Microbial fuel cell
 Photoelectrolysis
 Sabatier reaction

References

Environmental engineering
Electrochemistry
Biotechnology
Bioelectrochemistry
Electrochemical engineering


A List of Czechoslovakian films of the 1960s.

References

1960s
Czech
Films


Cuccurullo is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Cookie Cuccurullo (1918–1983), American baseball player
 Warren Cuccurullo (born 1956), American musician, singer-songwriter, restaurant owner, and body builder

Italian-language surnames


A List of Czech films of the 1950s.

References

1950s
Czech
Films


A List of Czech films of the 1940s.

1940s
Czech
Films


A List of Czech films of the 1930s.

1930s
Czech
Films


Bani Hasan is a town in western Libya lying on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

Transport

It is proposed to be served by a station on the national railway network, under construction in 2009.

See also
Railway stations in Libya

References

Populated places in Murqub District


Protodiplatyidae is an extinct family of earwigs. It is one of three families in the suborder Archidermaptera, alongside Dermapteridae and Turanovia. Species are known from Jurassic and Early Cretaceous fossils and have unsegmented cerci and tarsi with four to five segments.

Genera
The family includes the following genera:

 Abrderma  - Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
 Aneuroderma  - Haifanggou Formation, China, Callovian
 Archidermapteron  - Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)
 Asiodiplatys  - Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian
 Barbderma  - Yixian Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
 Longicerciata  - Laiyang Formation China, Aptian
 Microdiplatys  - Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian, Itat Formation, Russia, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
 Perissoderma  - Haifanggou Formation, China, Callovian
 Protodiplatys  - Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian, Gurvan-Eren Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
 Sinoprotodiplatys  - Yixian Formation, China, Aptian

References

External links
 A drawing of the species Asiodiplatys speciousus
 A drawing of the species Dermapteron incerta
 A drawing of the species Archidermapteron martynovi

Prehistoric insect families
Archidermaptera


A List of Czech films of the 1920s.

1920s
Czech
Films


A List of Czech films, the earliest silent films before 1920.

1898–1919

1890s
Czech
Czech
Czech


This is a list of venues used for professional baseball in Houston, Texas. The information is a compilation of the information contained in the references listed.

Herald Park a.k.a. League Park, Fair Ground Park, and Houston Base Ball Park
Occupants:
Houston Nationals – Texas League (1884)
Houston Heralds – Independent (1887)
Houston Buffaloes (a.k.a. Babies and Lambs) – Texas League (1888–1904)
Location: At the intersection of Travis Street and McGowen Street in modern-day Midtown

West End Park – opened 1905
Occupants:
Houston Buffaloes – South Texas League (1905–1906)
Houston Buffaloes – Texas League (1907–1927)
Location: at Bagby Street and Jefferson Avenue (south, outside right field); Howe Street (east, left field); Andrews Street (north, third base); Heiner Street (west, first base)
Currently: approach ramps for Gulf Freeway (Interstate 45) and electrical power substation

Buffalo Stadium a.k.a. Busch Stadium
Occupants:
Houston Buffaloes – Texas League (1928–1942,1946–1958)
Houston Buffaloes – American Association (1959–1961)
Houston Eagles – Negro American League (1949–1950)
Location: Leeland Street (north, left field); St. Bernard (now Cullen Boulevard) (east, right field); Coyle Street (south, first base); Milby Street (west, third base); in the East End
Currently: Fingers Furniture Center and Houston Sports Museum

Colt Stadium
Occupant: Houston Colt .45s (Astros) – National League (1962–1964)
Location: just north of Astrodome – on North Stadium Drive (east, right field);
Currently: Reliant Center and parking lot

Astrodome
Occupant: Houston Astros – National League (1965–1999)
Location: 8400 Kirby Drive (west); Fannin Street (east); Interstate 610 (south)

Minute Maid Park prev. Enron Field, then Astros Field
Occupant: Houston Astros – National League (2000–2012), American League (2013–present)
Also used as a neutral site in the 2020 MLB postseason
Location: 501 Crawford Street (northwest); Congress Street (northeast); Hamilton Street (southeast); Texas Street (southwest)
Previously: railroad yards and Union Station

See also
Lists of baseball parks

References
Peter Filichia, Professional Baseball Franchises, Facts on File, 1993.

External links
Early Houston baseball
Buffalo Stadium

Houston

baseball parks
Baseball parks


Flex links is a network switch feature in Cisco equipment which enables redundancy and load balancing at the layer 2 level.  The feature serves as an alternative to Spanning Tree Protocol or link aggregation.  A pair of layer 2 interfaces, such as switch ports or port channels, has one interface configured as a backup to the other.  If the primary link fails, the backup link takes over traffic forwarding.

At any point of time, only one interface will be in linkup state and actively forwarding traffic. If the primary link shuts down, the standby link takes up the duty and starts forwarding traffic and becomes the primary link.  When the failing link comes back up active, it goes into standby mode and does not participate in traffic forwarding and becomes the backup link.  This behaviour can be changed with pre-emption mode which makes the failed link the primary link when it becomes available again.

Load balancing in Flex links work at VLAN level. Both the ports in the Flex link pair can be made to forward traffic simultaneously. One port in the flex links pair can be configured to forward traffic belonging to VLANs 1-50 and the other can forward traffic for VLANs 51-100. Mutually exclusive VLANs are load sharing the traffic between the Flex link pairs. If one of the ports fails, the other active link forwards all the traffic.

References

Computer networks


Microdiplatys is an extinct genus of earwigs, in the family Protodiplatyidae. It is one of only six genera in the family, its family being the only one in the suborder.

Species
The genus contains only two known species:

 Microdiplatys campodeiformis
 Microdiplatys oculatus

References

External links
 The Tree of Life's article on Archidermaptera

Prehistoric insect genera
†Microdiplatys
Archidermaptera


Protodiplatys is an extinct genus of earwigs, in the family Protodiplatyidae, the suborder Archidermaptera, and the order Dermaptera. It is known from three species, P. fortis and P. gracilis, which are known from the Middle-Late Jurassic Karabastau Formation in Kazakhstan, and P. mongoliensis from the Aptian aged Gurvan-Eren Formation of Mongolia.

References

Dermaptera genera
Prehistoric insect genera