Useware is a generic term introduced in 1998 and denotes all hardware and software components of a technical system that serve its interactive use. The main idea of this term is to focus on technical design according to human abilities and needs. The only promising method to design future technical products and systems is to understand human abilities and limitations, and to focus the technology on these abilities and limitations.

Today, Useware requires its own need for development which is partly higher than the needs in the classical development fields. Thus, usability is increasingly recognized as a value-adding factor. Often the Useware of machines with similar or equal technical functions is the only characteristic that sets it apart.

Useware engineering
Similar to software engineering, Useware engineering implies the standardized production of Useware by engineers and the associated processes (see fig. 1). The aim of Useware engineering is to develop interfaces that are easy to understand and efficient to use. These interfaces are adapted to the human work task. Also, the interfaces represent machine functionality without overemphasizing it.

Therefore the objective of systematic Useware engineering guarantees high usability based on the actual tasks of the users. However, it requires an approach that comprises active and iterative participation of different groups of people.

Therefore, the professional associations GfA (Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft), GI (Gesellschaft für Informatik), VDE-ITG (The Information Technology Society in VDE) and VDI/VDE GMA (The Society for Measurement and Automatic Control in the VDI/VDE) agreed in 1998 on defining Useware as a new term. The term Useware was intentionally selected in linguistic analogy to hard and software.

Consequently, Useware engineering developed in a similar way to the development of engineering processes (see fig. 2). This reinforces the principal demand for structured development of user-centered user interfaces expressed e.g. by Ben Shneiderman. After many years of function-oriented development human abilities and needs are brought into focus. The only promising method to develop future technology products and systems is to understand the users’ abilities and limitations and to aim the technology in that direction.

The Useware development process distinguishes the following steps: analysis, structure design, design, realization, and evaluation.
Each of these steps should not be regarded separately but rather overlapping. The continuity of the process as well as the use of suitable tools, e.g. on the basis of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) make it possible to avoid information losses and media breaks.

Analysis
Humans learn, think and work in completely different ways. Therefore the first step in the development of a user interface is to analyze the users, their tasks, and their work environment in order to identify the requirements and needs of these users. This step forms the basis for a user- and task-oriented user interface. Both humans and machines are considered interaction partners. The analysis of users and their behavior employs different methods such as structured interviews, observations, card sorting, etc. They should give a preferably complete image of the working task, the various groups of users, and their working environment. To use these methods, several professional experts, e.g. engineers, computer scientists, and psychologists should be involved. Especially in the analysis phase, task models are generated for documentation and user interface generation, which implicitly contains a function model of the process and/or of the machine.

Structure design
The results of the analysis phase are adjusted within the structuring phase. An abstract use model is developed on the basis of this information which is platform-independent. The result of the structuring phase is the basic structure of the future user interface. The use model is a formal model of use contexts, tasks, and information demanding the functionality of the machine. The use model is modeled using the Useware Markup Language, useML within a model-based development environment.

Design
Parallel to the structuring phase a hardware platform for the Useware has to be selected. This selection is based on the environmental requirements of the machine usage (pollution, noise, vibration, ...) on the one hand and the user’s requirements (display size, optimal interaction device, …) on the other. Furthermore, economic factors have to be considered. If the model is intensively networked or is composed of a huge number of elements, sufficient display size for visualizing information structure should be provided. These factors partly depend on user groups and contexts of use.

Realisation/prototyping
During the prototyping, developers must select a development tool. If the selected development environment provides import possibilities, the developed use model can be imported and the derivation of the user interface can be processed. In most cases, the processing affects the realization of dynamic components as well as the fine design of dialogues. Often there is a media break between the structuring and the (fine) design phase. Today‘s field of development tools has a wide variety of notations. Developers need to represent the Useware in form of prototypes, e.g. paper prototypes or Microsoft PowerPoint prototypes.

Evaluation
Continuous evaluation during the development process allows early detection of product problems, thereby reducing development costs. It is important to include not only design aspects but also structural aspects such as navigational concepts, in the evaluation.
Some tests have shown that 60% of all use errors are not the result of bad design, but rather by structural deficiencies. The evaluation phase needs to be considered as a cross-sectional task in the entire development process. Therefore, it is very important to integrate users into the product development.

References

 Bias, R. G.; Mayhew, D. J. (1994). Cost-justifying usability. Boston, MA: Academic Press

Further literature
 Oberquelle, H. (2002): Useware Design and Evolution: Bridging Social Thinking and Software Construction. In: Y. Dittrich, C. Floyd, R. Klischewski (Hrsg.): Social Thinking–Software Practice, S. 391-408, Cambridge, London: MIT-Press
 For further information see the Useware-Forum  17 March 2009

Computing terminology


Boenninghausenia is a monotypic plant genus in the family Rutaceae. The sole species is Boenninghausenia albiflora, which occurs in Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Kashmir, India, Indonesia, Philippines,  Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, North Vietnam, China and Japan.

References

Rutoideae
Monotypic Rutaceae genera
Flora of Bhutan
Flora of Nepal


Welfare Reform Act is a stock short title used for legislation in the United Kingdom relating to social security benefits.

The Bill for an Act with this short title may have been known as a Welfare Reform Bill during its passage through Parliament.

List

United Kingdom
The Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999
The Welfare Reform Act 2007
The Welfare Reform Act 2009
The Welfare Reform Act 2012

Northern Ireland
The Welfare Reform Act (Northern Ireland) 2007
The Welfare Reform Act (Northern Ireland) 2010

United States
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act is sometimes referred to as the Welfare Reform Act of 1996

See also
List of short titles

Lists of legislation by short title
Law of the United Kingdom
Social security in the United Kingdom


The Naval Protection Force (German: Marineschutzkräfte — MSK) was a marine unit of the German Navy. It had the size of a battalion and was part of the 1st Flotilla (Einsatzflottille 1). It was established on April 1, 2005, but traces its roots back to 1958, when the so-called Sea battalion (Seebataillon) was activated. Its headquarters was in Eckernförde on the Baltic Sea. Next to the Naval Special Deployment Force (Spezialisierte Einsatzkräfte Marine, SEKM), the Naval Protection Force were considered to be a marine element within the German Navy.

The Naval Protection Force battalion was organized into five units: one staff and support company, three naval protection companies and one military intelligence platoon.

On 1 April 2014 the Naval Protection Force became an integral part of the re-formed Seebataillon (Naval Force Protection Battalion).

Structure

The Naval Protection Force (Marineschutzkräfte) consisted out of around 500 soldiers and structured into a staff company, three combat companies plus a HUMINT platoon. Every company, led by a lieutenant (Kapitänleutnant, OF-2).

 Marineschutzkräfte (HQ)
 Staff and Support Company (S1, S2, S3, S4, S6)
 1st Company
 1st platoon
 2nd platoon
 3rd platoon
 4th platoon
 2nd Company
 1st platoon
 2nd platoon
 3rd platoon
 4th platoon
 3rd Company
 1st platoon
 2nd platoon
 3rd platoon
 4th platoon
 HUMINT platoon

Deployments
Despite their short time of existence (8 years), the German Naval Protection Forces participated in a range of national and international Deployments.

International Deployments

 Afghanistan: 8th contingent of ISAF (one Infantry unit)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina: Deployment within EUFOR
 Djibouti: Deployment within Operation Enduring Freedom
 Horn of Africa: Deployment within Operation Atalanta
 Kosovo: Deployment within KFOR
 Lebanon: Mobile Protection Elements (MPE) for the protection of UNIFIL vessels
 Cyprus: Harbour Protection Element (HPE) in Limassol to secure the German operated UNIFIL base

National Deployments

 Protection of  US-American facilities as part of the Host Nation Support in 2003
 Protection of US-American ships during the Kiel Week
 Protection of the Ammunition Supply Ship Westerwald during the mission- and training passage to South Africa  and back

Equipment

Personal Weapons

Heckler & Koch G36, an Assault rifle
Heckler & Koch MG4, a Light machine gun
Rheinmetall MG3, a General-purpose machine gun
M3M, a Heavy machine gun
Heckler & Koch MP7, a Submachine gun
MP2, a Submachine gun
Heckler & Koch MP5, a Submachine gun
P8, a Pistol
G22, a Sniper rifle
G82, a Sniper rifle
Heckler & Koch G3, a Battle rifle
G28, a Designated marksman rifle

Anti-Tank- / Anti-Structure Weapons

Panzerfaust 3, an Anti-tank  Rocket launcher
Raytheon Fliegerfaust 2, a Man-portable air-defense systems
MILAN, an Anti-tank missile

Vehicles

See also
 German commando frogmen

References

External links

Official information on marine de:
 Naval Protection Force (German)

Other information:
 www.marine-portraits.de: Portrait of Naval Protection Force (MSK) (German)

Military units and formations established in 2005
Military units and formations disestablished in 2014
Military units and formations of the German Navy
Special forces of Germany
Germany


Ceriops is a genus of mangroves in family Rhizophoraceae.

There are 5 accepted species and 17 known synonyms.

List of species
 Ceriops australis (C.T.White) Ballment, T.J.Sm. & J.A.Stoddart
 Ceriops tagal var. australis C.T.White synonym of Ceriops australis (C.T.White) Ballment, T.J.Sm. & J.A.Stoddart
 Ceriops decandra (Griff.) W.Theob.
 Ceriops candolleana Náves synonym of Ceriops decandra (Griff.) W.Theob.
 Ceriops roxburghiana Arn. synonym of Ceriops decandra (Griff.) W.Theob.
 Ceriops pseudodecandra Sheue, H.G.Liu, C.C.Tsai & Yuen P.Yang
 Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.
 Ceriops boviniana Tul. synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.
 Ceriops candolleana Arn. synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.
 Ceriops candolleana var. sasakii Hayata synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.
 Ceriops candolleana var. spathulata Blume synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.
 Ceriops forsteniana Blume synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.
 Ceriops globulifera Boreau ex Tul. synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.
 Ceriops lucida Miq. synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.
 Ceriops lucida var. latifolia Miq. synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.
 Ceriops lucida var. subspathulata Miq. synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.
 Ceriops mossambicensis Klotzsch synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.
 Ceriops pauciflora Benth. synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.
 Ceriops somalensis Chiov. synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.
 Ceriops timoriensis Domin synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.
 Ceriops timoriensis (DC.) C.A.Gardner synonym of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.
 Ceriops zippeliana Blume

References

External links

Rhizophoraceae
Malpighiales genera
Mangroves


The High-Potential Management Personnel Reserve is a program announced by President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev on 23 July 2008 at a meeting of his Plenipotentiary Representatives.

The Reserve

In his discussions with his Plenipotentiaries, Medvedev recalled the nomenklatura system in the Soviet Union, which since the dissolution of the USSR the system has not been replaced, allowing cronyism to dictate appointments to senior positions within the Russian government. Medvedev acknowledged that sometimes position are sold to the highest bidder and regards this as disgraceful, stating "since the Russian government is a democracy, not a medieval tyranny, we must break out of this vicious circle, and work to involve the best, the most highly trained professionals, and motivate them, and we have to do it with the cooperation of the entire civil society."

Miriam Elder, writing for The Daily Telegraph, noted that the Reserve is an attempt by Medvedev to build his own power base, in order to assert his authority on the political stage in Russia.

First 100

The list of the first 100 members of the High-Potential Management Personnel Reserve, which has invariably been dubbed the Golden 100 or the Presidential Gold Flock, was released by the President on 17 February 2009, and includes 36 people from Federal Government authorities, 23 people from regional authorities, 31 from business and 10 from science, education and non-governmental organisations backgrounds. The average age of candidates on the list is 39, and the youngest at 27 years of age are Vladimir Nazarov and Nikolay Nikiforov, whilst all are younger than 50 years of age. None of the first 100 members of the Reserve have served in the KGB or the FSB, and all have liberal leanings.

References

Dmitry Medvedev
Government of Russia


Elizabeth Grove is a suburb in the northern extent of Adelaide, South Australia, on the western side of Main North Road south of Elizabeth. It is bounded by Main North Road, Hogarth Road, Harvey Road and Ridley Road. It contains a local shopping centre, public and Catholic primary schools, and churches of several denominations.

History
Elizabeth Grove was established in 1955 as one of the southern suburbs of what was then the new satellite city of Elizabeth. It was originally a private subdivision of Sections 3112–3114, 3119, 3124, 3123 and 3120 of the Hundred of Munno Para, which includes the current suburb plus some of Elizabeth South and Elizabeth Vale.

The Elizabeth Grove Methodist Church (now Uniting Church) foundation stone was laid on 27 November 1956 by Premier Thomas Playford, less than two weeks after Elizabeth was inaugurated. The building provided a church but also a community hall used for many activities. It also had tennis courts, the first home courts of the Elizabeth Tennis Club. The building has a local heritage listing, and has been added to several times over the years.

References

Suburbs of Adelaide
1955 establishments in Australia


Waghodia or Vaghodia is one of the taluka headquarters of Vadodara district in Gujarat state.

Demographics
As of Indian census 2001, Waghodia had a population of 13,480, where men are 7,108 while women are 6,372.

Administration
Waghodia is a village in the Vadodara district and taluka headquarters with same name.

People and culture
There are three main religion Hindu, Muslim and Jain. They celebrate every festival with full enjoy. Garba, Deepawali, Eid, Holi are the main festivals here. The town is a center for the nearby all villages.

Transport
The usual mode of transport is state owned buses, although private buses are also a part of it, whereas for long journeys trains are preferred and the most preferred one station is Vadodara, which is approximately 28 km from the town.

Distance from Vaghodiya to Dabhoi is approximately 23 km; Vaghodiya to Bodeli approximately 40 km.

References

External links

Cities and towns in Vadodara district

bn:তাখাতগড়
bpy:তাখাতগড়


Harold John Court, commonly known as Jack Court (13 June 1919 – 29 June 1975) was a Welsh professional footballer who played as an inside forward.

Court began his career in the late 1930s with Cardiff City, making his debut in a 1–0 victory over Crystal Palace on 25 March 1939, but the imminent onset of the Second World War interrupted his career. When league football resumed, Court rejoined Cardiff for the 1946–47 season but was unable to break into the first-team. He later played for Scottish rivals Dundee United and Dundee. Court moved to Swindon Town in 1950 before playing out his career in the lower English leagues. Court died in 1975.

References

External links

1919 births
1975 deaths
Welsh men's footballers
English Football League players
Scottish Football League players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Dundee United F.C. players
Dundee F.C. players
Swindon Town F.C. players
Sittingbourne F.C. players
Men's association football inside forwards


Charnwood Museum is a local history museum in Loughborough, Leicestershire, England.

Overview
It is accredited by the  Museums, Libraries and Archives Council (MLA). It is managed in partnership between Leicestershire County Council and Charnwood Borough Council. Leicestershire County Council  produce an Events Guide that lists all of the events at Charnwood Museum.

It has a wide range of exhibits reflecting the history, geology, archaeology and industries of Charnwood and surrounding areas. Permanent displays include ‘Coming to Charnwood’, ‘The Natural World of Charnwood’, ‘Living off the Land’ and ‘Earning a Living’. Each contains exhibits from the past and present including interactive displays, computers and audio-visuals. Visitors can handle rocks from Charnwood’s volcanic past, investigate the 4,000-year-old burial of the Cossington Boy, visit the Victorian grocer's shop or see a fly’s eye up close with a video microscope.

The museum is open every day and admission is free. It has a café and a shop and is fully accessible to disabled visitors. It runs many events including art and craft workshops held every school holiday for children, talks, tours and lectures throughout the year.

In October 2022 the museum opened a new exhibit featuring neolithic finds from Rothley.

References

Museums in Leicestershire
Local museums in Leicestershire
Loughborough


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The Palazzo Grimani of Santa Maria Formosa is a State museum, located in Venice in the Castello district, near Campo Santa Maria Formosa.

History
The palace can be reached by land from Ruga Giuffa (map). The water entry, very used in ancient times, is located on the San Severo canal. The Palazzo constitutes for the city of Venice a particularly precious novelty for the originality of the architecture, for the decorations and for its history.

The original medieval building was built at the confluence of the canals of San Severo and Santa Maria Formosa, and purchased later by Antonio Grimani, who became a doge in 1521, and subsequently passed on as a legacy, in the third decade of the 16th century, to the grandsons Vettore Grimani, Procurator de Supra for the Venetian Republic, and Giovanni Grimani, Patriarch of Aquileia, who refurbished the old structure inspired by architectural models taken from classicism. The two brothers wanted to give "modern" forms to the building and had it decorated with fresco cycles and elegant stucco. In 1558, at the death of Vettore, Giovanni became the sole owner of the building: he added an extension of the palace. Decorating the rooms were many artists including Federico Zuccari, architect of the monumental staircase, and Camillo Mantovano. The patriarch Giovanni Grimani set up his refined collection of antiques, including sculptures, marbles, vases, bronzes and gems, in the rooms of the palace. In 1587 he donated the collection of sculptures and gems to the Serenissima: after his death the first ones were placed in the anti-room of the Marciana Library and today they are the founding nucleus of the National Archaeological Museum of Venice.

Until 1865, it was property of the Santa Maria Formosa branch of the Grimani family; but the palace had deteriorated and passed through several owners, until in 1981 it was acquired by the Superintendence for Architectural and Environmental Heritage of the city of Venice and became a state property. Open to the public on December 20, 2008, after a long restoration, it is currently a museum belonging to the Veneto Museum Pole

The long restoration by the Superintendence included the interior decorations, including: the Camerino di Callisto, with stucco by Giovanni da Udine; the Camerino di Apollo, with frescoes by Francesco Salviati and Giovanni da Udine; the Sala del Doge Antonio, decorated with stucco and polychrome marbles; the Sala a Fogliami by Camillo Mantovano, with the ceiling entirely covered with fruit trees, flowers and animals; and the Tribune that once housed more than a hundred pieces of the archaeological collection. Here, the sculpture depicting the Kidnapping of Ganimede is suspended in the center of the vault that is decorated with lacunae. Federico Zuccari is probably also responsible for the stucco decoration with the grotesque monster with its wide open mouth visible in the Sala del Camino. Other works exhibited in the museum refer to the collections of the Grimani family. In the Sala di Psiche is an antique copy of  Salviati's Adoration of Psyche, originally lodged in the middle of the wooden ceiling that was dismembered in the mid-nineteenth century. The second floor of the building houses temporary exhibitions and cultural events.

Temporary exhibitions

The following temporary exhibitions are currently set up:

"Domus Grimani 1594-2019. The collection of classical sculptures in the palace after four centuries"

"Domus Grimani - The Doge's Room"

"Archinto" by Georg Baselitz

(all until November 27, 2022)

Main rooms

Courtyard

The marble entrance portal leads into the large courtyard. The original medieval building, an L-shape plan, was restructured and redecorated between 1537 and 1540 by brothers Vettore and Giovanni Grimani, according to a style inspired by the ancient Roman domus. In 1558, Giovanni patronized the addition of a further wing, enclosing in a square the central courtyard. The loggias that were created were adorned with classical statues. The loggia in front of the entrance of the museum was entirely frescoed with plant motifs and completed by the wonderful stucco baskets filled with fruits and vegetables.

Monumental staircase

Between 1563 and 1565 the barrel vault of the staircase leading to the portego or passing salon of the main floor was sumptuously decorated by a young Federico Zuccari, who had trained in Rome, with allegorical frescoes referring to the virtues of his client Giovanni, completed by grotesques and stucco reliefs with mythological creatures. The stuccos reproduce some antique cameos from the Giovanni Grimani collection. Overall, the grand staircase bears comparing to the Scala d'Oro of Palazzo Ducale and with the entrance to the Marciana Library.

Camaron d'Oro
This room owes its name to the tapestries embellished with gold yarns that once covered the walls. Today we can admire some pieces from the collection of antiques by Giovanni Grimani, donated in 1587 to the Public Statuary of the Serenissima (now the National Archaeological Museum). The plaster statue of the Laocoon Group is an eighteenth-century plaster copy of an Ancient Roman sculpture in the Vatican museum; this plaster replica was collected by Cardinal Domenico Grimani.

Foliage room
The ceiling of the room, known as Sala a Fogliami or "Room of Foliage," was painted in the 1560s by Camillo Mantovano. It owes its name to a luxurious decoration of the ceiling with trees, plants and flowers: a forest inhabited by numerous animals, frequently with predatory attitudes, and rich in symbolic meanings. In the lunettes surmounted by grotesques, complex figurations in the form of a rebus possibly allude to the long and troubled heresy trial suffered by the patriarch Giovanni Grimani.

Tribuna

The Tribuna was also known as Antiquarium and originally housed more than one hundred and thirty ancient sculptures, among the finest of the collection. This extraordinary space, once closed on three sides, illuminated only from above and inspired by the Pantheon, was the fulcrum and the final destination of the itinerary along the rooms that precede it. The variety of sources of inspiration suggests a direct involvement of Giovanni Grimani himself in the design. The sculpture with the Abduction of Ganymede, hanging in the center of the room, is a Roman replica of a late Hellenistic model and has been relocated to its original position after the restoration of the building.

Neoclassical room
This room was renovated to be used as a bedroom for the wedding, celebrated in 1791, between the Roman princess Virginia Chigi and Giovanni Carlo Grimani. For this purpose a dressing room was created in the rooms behind the chimney wall. The decoration of the ceiling, executed by the Veronese Giovanni Faccioli,  reproduces some pieces of ancient mural paintings (Aldobrandini Wedding and others from the Domus aurea). La Nuda is exhibited in this room. The work was part of the fresco cycle that Giorgione executed on the facade of the Fontego dei Tedeschi in 1508.

Dining room

The striking ceiling of this room, decorated with festoons with fowl, vegetables and fish, alternated with floral bands, was created by Camillo Mantovano and a collaborator around 1567. The compositional scheme, with the space divided into segments through rays that converge to center, proposes in a modern key a model used in a room of the Domus aurea. The seventeenth-century painting in the center of the ceiling, Saint John baptizing the crowd derives from the homonymous painting by Nicolas Poussin of the Louvre. According to the nineteenth-century guides, it would replace a painting attributed to Giorgione and depicting the Four Elements.

Room of the Doge Antonio, vestibule and chapel
These three rooms belong to the last building phase of the palace, which ended in 1568. In the chapel, used by the patriarch Giovanni Grimani for the private celebration of the mass, there is a 16th-century altarpiece attributed to Giovanni Contarini, placed instead of the marble altar which was removed in the nineteenth century. On the ceiling of the chapel and vestibule, short Latin inscriptions still recall the vicissitudes of the patriarch. From the vestibule window you can see the spiral staircase, probably a Palladian creation. In the next room, a plaque above the fireplace recalls and enhances the role of Antonio Grimani, to whom the room was dedicated. He was Giovanni's grandfather and Doge of the Serenissima from 1521 to 1523. To emphasize the importance of these three rooms, the walls and floors are entirely decorated with marble panels, according to the ancient Roman taste. Many of them, extracted during the Roman period in places of Turkey, Greece and Africa, are rare and precious. In the niches, above the doors and above the fireplace, were ancient vases, busts and classical sculptural groups. The exhibition features a bronze bust of Antonio Grimani and an oil painting on canvas with the effigy of the illustrious ancestor.

Chamber of Callisto

This chamber dedicated to the nymph Callisto and to the history of her metamorphosis refers to the famous Ovidian text. The story unfolds on the ceiling in five squares with a gold background, starting from the first - on the wall opposite the windows -, where the sleeping nymph is loved by Jupiter, up to the epilogue - in the middle of the ceiling-, in which Callisto and his son Arcas are turned into constellations. The ancient stucco technique was rediscovered in Rome by Giovanni da Udine. In this room, the artist who worked with Raphael offers an essay of his great ability recreating animals, still lifes and twelve putti, symbolizing the months of the year, accompanied by four referable zodiacal signs to the seasons. Some round mirrors set in the stucco embellish the composition recalling the stars of the firmament.

Chamber of Psyche
The room is presented in a totally renewed guise, with the recovery of the sixteenth-century spatiality. The room had a wooden coffered ceiling in which five paintings were placed with the fable of Cupid and Psyche, narrated by Apuleius. Of these, the octagon in the center remains, probably a copy of the original made by Francesco Salviati in 1539, which depicts Psyche revered as a goddess for her beauty. Recent work has revealed the existence of a large fireplace, on the bottom of which a salamander is carved in the flames. The two frescoed candelabra with birds and fish painted around 1560 are probably by Camillo Mantovano. Four classic heads are exhibited in the niches above the doors

Room of the fireplace
The large corner room, belonging to the oldest part of the building, was renovated in the sixties of the sixteenth century. It is dominated by the splendid fireplace surmounted by colored marble and large stucco decorations, where niches and shelves housed other archaeological pieces from the Grimani collection. The elegance of the faces portrayed in profile, the quality of the garlands and the fruits and the amazing monster with the gaping mouth, visible in the center, suggest the genius and inventive extravagance of Federico Zuccari. On the walls are still visible fragments of a fresco decoration that recalls the colonnade of the courtyard.

DOMUS GRIMANI 1594 -2019

On 7 May 2019 the exhibition "DOMUS GRIMANI 1594 - 2019" was inaugurated. It celebrates the temporary return of many masterpieces of Greek, Roman and Renaissance art, belonging to Giovanni Grimani's collection and their relocation to the rooms where they found until the patriarch's death.

The exhibit itinerary develops in a row of rooms (Camaron d'Oro, Sala a Fogliami, Antitribuna) leading to the Tribuna, through the only original entrance to it.

In addition to the sculptures from the National Archaeological Museum of Venice, there are also exhibited some 16th-century furnishings from other Venetian museums and private collections, with the intention of recreating an aristocratic 16th century residence: one of the most noteworthy works, a tapestry of Medici manufacture based on a design by Francesco Salviati, two wooden cabinets, bronzes by Jacopo Sansovino and Tiziano Aspetti, two bronze firedogs by Girolamo Campagna and a table inlaid with ancient marbles and lapis lazuli belonged to the Grimani family.

Bibliography

 Lotto A. Il collezionismo artistico dei Grimani di Santa Maria Formosa nel Cinquecento, in «Venezia Arti», n.17/18, 2003-2004, pp. 22–31.
 De Paoli M. Opera fatta diligentissimamente. Restauri di sculture classiche a Venezia tra Quattro e Cinquecento, Roma, L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2004.
 Aikema B. (a cura di) Il collezionismo a Venezia e nel Veneto ai tempi della Serenissima, Venezia, Marsilio, 2005.
 Brusegan M. La grande guida dei monumenti di Venezia - Newton & Compton Ed., Roma 2005; .
 Lotto A. Un libro di conti (1523-1531) di Marco Grimani, procuratore di San Marco e patriarca di Aquileia, «Atti dell'Istituto Veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti. Classe di scienze morali, lettere ed arti», 165/I-II, Venezia, 2007.
 Bristot A.(a cura di), Palazzo Grimani a Santa Maria Formosa. Storia, arte, restauri, Verona, Scripta, 2008; .
 Furlan C., Tosini P., I cardinali della Serenissima. Arte e committenza tra Venezia e Roma (1523 - 1605) Milano, Silvana editoriale, 2014.

Sources

Houses completed in 1569
Grimani di Santa Maria Formosa
Renaissance architecture in Venice
House of Grimani
1569 establishments in the Republic of Venice


The Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry is a peer-reviewed open access medical journal published by Taylor & Francis that covers research on enzyme inhibitors and inhibitory processes as well as agonist/antagonist receptor interactions in the development of medicinal and anti-cancer agents. The editor-in-chief is Claudiu T. Supuran.

Abstracting and indexing
The Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry is abstracted and indexed in:

External links

Medicinal chemistry journals
Enzyme inhibitors
Academic journals established in 1985
Bimonthly journals


Palazzo Grimani may refer to:

Palazzo Grimani di San Luca, Venice, Italy
Palazzo Grimani di Santa Maria Formosa, Venice, Italy

Architectural disambiguation pages


The Cooley Mountains () are on the Cooley Peninsula in northeast County Louth in Ireland. They consist of two ridges running northwest to southeast, separated by the valley of Glenmore with the Big River running through it.

Slieve Foy, at , is the highest peak of the range and the highest in County Louth. It is on the eastern ridge, which is about  long and also includes the peaks of The Eagles Rock (528m), The Ravens Rock (457m), The Foxes Rock (404m), and Barnavave (350m). This latter name comes from Bearna Mhéabha (Maeve's Gap), and refers to the legendary Queen Medb (Maeve), whose army is said to have dug a pass through the mountain.

The western ridge is made up of Clermont Carn (510 m), Carnavaddy (475m) and Slievenaglogh (310m).

The mountains are the mythical home of hurling as told in the Táin Bó Cúailnge (Cattle Raid of Cooley), when Sétanta traveled through the mountains hitting his sliothar (ball) before him on his way to Emain Macha. This feat is re-enacted every year in the All-Ireland Poc Fada Championship which takes place on Annaverna Mountain.

References

Mountains and hills of County Louth


"Kiss Kiss Kiss" is the second single by the artist BENI (formerly known as Beni Arashiro) under the label Universal Japan. The song was the theme song for the Kao Biore Body Deli CM it also was the theme song for Recochoku. The song is described as a youthful love song.

The single peaked at number 40 on the Oricon charts and hit the #1 spot on the Chaku Uta Full chart for six days. The single was ranked #1 on the weekly Chaku Uta chart.

Track listing
 Kiss Kiss Kiss
 Signal
 Mou Nido To… DJ HASEBE REMIX
 Kiss Kiss Kiss (Instrumental)

Chart Rankings

Oricon Charts (Japan)

Various charts

References

Songs about kissing
2009 singles
Beni (singer) songs
RIAJ Digital Track Chart number-one singles
2009 songs


The Simba rebellion, also known as the Orientale revolt, was a regional uprising which took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1963 and 1965 in the wider context of the Congo Crisis and the Cold War. The rebellion, located in the east of the country, was led by the followers of Patrice Lumumba, who had been ousted from power in 1960 by Joseph Kasa-Vubu and Joseph-Désiré Mobutu and subsequently killed in January 1961 in Katanga. The rebellion was contemporaneous with the Kwilu rebellion led by fellow Lumumbist Pierre Mulele in central Congo.

The Simba rebels were initially successful and captured much of eastern Congo, proclaiming a "people's republic" at Stanleyville. However, the insurgency suffered from a lack of organization and coherence, as well as tensions between the rebel leadership and its international allies of the Eastern Bloc. When the Congolese government launched a number of major counter-offensives from late 1964, spearheaded by battle-hardened mercenaries and backed by Western powers, the rebels suffered several major defeats and disintegrated. By November 1965, the Simba rebellion was effectively defeated, though holdouts of the rebels continued their insurgency until the 1990s.

Background

The causes of the Simba Rebellion should be viewed as part of the wider struggle for power within the Republic of the Congo following independence from Belgium on 30 June 1960 as well as within the context of other Cold War interventions in Africa by the West and the Soviet Union. The rebellion can be immediately traced back to the assassination of the first Prime Minister of the Congo, Patrice Lumumba, in January 1961. Political infighting and intrigue followed, resulting in the ascendancy of Joseph Kasa-Vubu and Joseph-Désiré Mobutu in Kinshasa at the expense of politicians who had supported Lumumba such as Antoine Gizenga, Christophe Gbenye, and Gaston Soumialot.

In 1961, this change in power led Antoine Gizenga to declare the creation of a rebel government in Stanleyville. This rival government, dubbed the Free Republic of the Congo, received support from the Soviet Union and China as they positioned themselves as being "socialists" opposed to American intervention in the Congo and involvement in the death of Lumumba although, as with Lumumba, there is some dispute over the true political inclinations of the Lumumbists.

However, in August 1961, Gizenga dissolved the government in Stanleyville with the intention of taking part in the United Nations sponsored talks at Lovanium University. These talks ultimately did not deliver the Lumumbist government that had been intended. Gizenga was arrested and imprisoned on Bula-Mbemba and many of the Lumumbists went into exile.

It was in exile that the rebellion began to take shape. On 3 October 1963, the Conseil National de Libération (CNL) was founded by Gbenye and Soumialot in Brazzaville, capital of the neighbouring Republic of the Congo. The CNL was backed by pro-Lumumba leaders as well as "emerging local warlords" based in Orientale Province as well as Kivu in eastern Congo. However, whilst these plans for rebellion were being developed in exile, Pierre Mulele returned from his training in China to launch a revolution in his native province of Kwilu in 1963.

Mulele proved to be a capable leader and scored a number of early successes, although these would remain localised to Kwilu. With the country again seeming to be in open rebellion of the government in Kinshasa, the CNL launched its rebellion in their political heartland of eastern Congo.

Simba forces and ideology

Christophe Gbenye's forces were organized as the "Armée Populaire de Libération" (APL), though were generally nicknamed "Simbas", meaning a lion or big lion in Swahili. They were recruited from ANC mutineers, tribesmen, and youth militants (jeunesse). In general, the Armée Populaire de Libération was divided into regular units which were organized like the ANC (namely the unités d'operations and unités de garnison), and units which were more akin to irregular militias (barriéres). Although they were on average well motivated, the Simbas lacked discipline and their command as well as control were often chaotic. They were also poorly armed, with many rebels relying on machetes and spears due to lacking guns.

The majority of the Simbas were young men and teens although children were not unheard of in the conflict. The rebels were led by Gaston Soumialot and Gbenye, who had been members of Gizenga's Parti Solidaire Africain (PSA), and Laurent-Désiré Kabila, who had been a member of the Lumumba aligned Association générale des Baluba du Katanga (BALUBAKAT).

Because of the range of political beliefs amongst the Simba rebels, attributing an ideology to the rebellion is very complex. Whilst the leaders claimed to be influenced by Chinese Maoist ideas, the Cuban military advisor Che Guevara wrote that the majority of the fighters did not hold these views. The fighters also practised a system of traditional beliefs which held that correct behaviour and the regular reapplying of dawa (water ritually applied by a medicine man) would leave the fighters impervious to bullets. Researcher Ato Kwamena Onoma described the Simba rebellion as "Lumumbist". The rebellion was backed by the MNC-L party.

In addition to native Congolese, the Simba rebels included Rwandan exiles. Known as "Inyenzi" in Rwanda, these exiles had repeatedly attempted to retake their home country without success, most prominently during the Bugesera invasion of December 1963. Frustrated that Congolese authorities hampered their activities and radicalised by their repeated failures, Inyenzi based in the Congo joined the Simba rebellion because they hoped that a Simba-led government would support their own efforts in Rwanda. Rwandan exiles held prominent positions within the rebel hierarchy, with Inyenzi leaders Louis Bidalira and Jerome Katarebe serving as chief of staff and chef de cabinet respectively. The Rwandan exiles held a reputation as good and disciplined fighters among the insurgents.

Early rebel expansion, late 1963 – July 1964

As the Kwilu rebellion spread and escalated, Soumialot obtained the support of the government of Burundi in recruiting thousands of troops along the Burundian-Congolese border. With these forces, he invaded South Kivu in late 1963. After taking control of most of the province, Soumialot's army overran the last local government holdouts at Uvira on 15 May 1964, followed by Fizi shortly after. Pro-Simba forces successfully revolted in the important harbor town of Albertville in late May, capturing Jason Sendwe, President of North Katanga Province. On 30 May 1964, a small ANC detachment led by Louis Bobozo retook the town, rescuing Sendwe and killing about 250 rebels. The government troops soon alienated the locals due to their brutal behavior. When another rebellion broke out in the town on 19 June 1964, Soumialot's forces exploited the resulting chaos and captured Albertville. The government forces fled, leaving Sendwe behind; he was subsequently murdered by either Simba rebels or, less likely, ANC soldiers, though the circumstances remain unclear and disputed.

Meanwhile, Christophe Gbenye and Nicholas Olenga rose in revolt in northeastern Congo, quickly expanding their army and territories. By June 1964, they held North Kivu, and southern Orientale Province. They did not coordinate their operations with Soumialot who distrusted Gbenye. A third rebel force, independent of Soumialot, Gbenye, and Olenga, rebelled in northern Katanga in early June. These insurgents considered themselves "true" Communists, and were led by Laurent-Désiré Kabila and Ildéphonse Massengo. They had no real connections to the other Simba factions. Kabila and Massengo's troops conquered the entire western shore of Lake Tanganyika, including Moba by late June. They then advanced into the Province of Maniema, and captured its strategically important capital Kindu on 22 July.

The local Armée Nationale Congolaise (ANC) garrisons reacted with brutal counter-insurgency actions that failed to defeat the Simbas, but alienated the population of the eastern provinces. Furthermore, the Simba rebels often managed to intimidate well-equipped ANC units into retreating or defecting without a fight, thereby capturing much-needed weaponry for the insurgency. As the Simba rebellion in eastern Congo spread, the states of the Eastern Bloc took increasing interest. The Soviet Union implored neighboring nationalist regimes to aid the rebels. The Soviet leadership promised that it would replace all weaponry given to the Simbas in given time, but rarely did so. In order to supply the rebels, the Soviet Union transported equipment via cargo planes to Juba in allied Sudan. From there, the Sudanese brought the weapons to Congo  This operation backfired, however, as southern Sudan was engulfed in its own civil war. The Sudanese Anyanya insurgents consequently ambushed the Soviet-Sudanese supply convoys and captured the weapons for themselves.

When the CIA learned of these attacks, it allied with the Anyanya. The Anyanya consequently helped the Western/Congolese air forces to locate Simba rebel camps and supply routes, and destroy them. In return, the Sudanese rebels were given weapons for their own war. Angered by the Soviet support for the insurgents, the Congolese government expelled the Soviet embassy's personnel from the country in July 1964; the Soviet leadership responded by increasing its aid for the Simbas. Meanwhile, the Simbas continued to advance. By late July 1964, the insurgents controlled about half of the Congo. Utterly demoralized by repeated defeats, many ANC soldiers believed that the Simba rebels had become invincible thanks to magical rituals performed by insurgent shamans. Amid these rebel successes, the United States government pressured President Kasa-Vubu to dismiss Prime Minister Cyrille Adoula, and install a new government led by Moïse Tshombe. The U.S. and Belgian leadership believed that Tshombe was supportive of their interests as well as a more effective leader, thereby being the ideal person to lead the Congo in the conflict against the Simba rebels. With few options left, Kasa-Vubu agreed and Tshombe returned from exile as the new prime minister on 30 July 1964.

Moïse Tshombe assumes power and government forces regain initiative, July – August 1964

Tshombe reorganized the Congolese war effort, circumventing other political and military leaders such as Kasa-Vubu and Mobutu. He asked the Western nations for military assistance, recruited White mercenaries, and brought his exiled loyalist troops (the Katangese Gendarmerie) back into the country. The mercenary-led forces gradually arrived at the frontlines from July 1964. Tshombe's rise to power caused considerable displeasure in the Congo and other African countries. The Ugandan government, which felt that the newly installed Tshombe government was beholden to Western interests, promptly offered covert aid to Gbenye. This included the use of government forces to train the rebels as well as the allowance for Ugandan territory to be used as a resupply route. Some Ugandan troops served alongside the rebels in combat, and the Congolese ANC and the Uganda Army's 1st Battalion directly clashed along the border of the two countries at some point in 1964. Other countries which sent covert military support through weapons shipments and training included Egypt under Gamal Abdel Nasser, and Algeria under Ahmed Ben Bella. China also provided limited aid to the rebels, with Chinese experts based in the Congo, Burundi, and Tanzania suspected of training Simba insurgents.

By August 1964, they had captured Stanleyville where a 1,500-man ANC force fled leaving behind weapons and vehicles which the Simba rebels captured. The attack consisted of a charge, led by shamans, with forty Simba warriors. No shots were fired by the Simba rebels. Following the conquest of Stanleyville, the rebels proclaimed a "People's Republic of the Congo" (République populaire du Congo) while portraying the existing Congolese government as Western puppet regime.

As the rebel movement spread, acts of violence and terror increased. Thousands of Congolese were executed in systematic purges by the Simbas, including government officials, political leaders of opposition parties, provincial and local police, school teachers, and others believed to have been Westernized. Many of the executions were carried out with extreme cruelty, in front of a monument to Patrice Lumumba in Stanleyville. About 1,000 to 2,000 Westernized Congolese were murdered in Stanleyville alone. In contrast, the rebels initially left whites and foreigners mostly alone. Following the fall of Stanleyville, the Congolese government reacted to the prominent involvement of Rwandan exiles in the Simba rebellion by ordering that all Rwandan refugees were to be expelled from the Congo. Even though the vast majority of Rwandans in the Congo were uninvolved in the uprising and living peacefully, they were consequently the target of ethnic violence and blamed "for all sorts of evil" by Congolese authorities.

With much of northern Congo and the Congolese upcountry under their control, the Simba rebels moved south against Kasaï Province. Kasaï had rich mining concerns but was also a strategic key to more lasting control of Congo. If the rebels could capture Kasai Province up to the Angola border they could cut the government forces in half, isolating Katanga Province and severely overstretching ANC lines. In August 1964 unknown thousands of Simbas moved down out of the hills and began the conquest of Kasaï. As before ANC forces retreated with little fight by either throwing down arms completely or defecting to the rebels.

Newly appointed Prime Minister Tshombe acted decisively against the new threat. Using contacts he had made while exiled in Spain, Tshombe was able to organize an airlift of his former soldiers currently exiled in rural Angola. The airlift was enacted by the United States and facilitated by the Portuguese as both feared a Soviet influenced socialist state in the middle of Africa. Tshombe's forces were composed primarily of Belgian trained Katangese Gendarmes who had previously served the Belgian Colonial Authority. They were a highly disciplined and well equipped force who had only just barely lost a bid for independence in the previous conflict. In addition the force was accompanied by Jerry Puren and a score of mercenary pilots flying Second World War surplus training planes fitted with machine guns. The combined force marched on Kasai Province and encountered Simba forces near Luluabourg. Its mercenary pilots strafed nearby Simba columns which lacked any anti-aircraft equipment. At the behest of accompanying shamans, many Simba warriors had even discarded their firearms as a way of purifying themselves from "Western" corruption. The engagement began in a shallow, long valley with Simba forces attacking in an irregular mixture of infantry and motorized forces, which charged directly at the ANC force. In response, the ANC troops also advanced directly, led by jeeps and trucks. The Simba rebels encountered heavy losses because of ANC machine-gun fire. It was a decisive defeat and the Simba rebels were forced to abandon their attacks in Kasai.

Success in Kasai justified Tshombe's decision to bring in Western mercenaries to augment well-trained Katangese formations. Two hundred mercenaries from France, South Africa, West Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, and Angola arrived in Katanga Province over the next month. The largely white mercenaries provided the ANC with a highly trained and experienced force that was unaffected by the indiscipline and social tensions within the ANC. They provided an expertise that could not be matched. Ironically, their presence also strengthened the recruitment efforts of the Simba rebels who could portray the ANC as a Western puppet. Once the mercenaries were concentrated they spearheaded a combined offensive against Albertville. Once captured, Albertville would give the ANC access to Lake Tanganyika and serve as a staging base for future offensives to relieve Government enclaves in the North. Simba forces were deployed in several large mobs around Albertville in expectation for an attack by ANC infantry and the motorized Gendarmes.

Mike Hoare, a white mercenary commander, led three boats of mercenaries around the Simba rebel flank to attack Albertville from the rear in a night attack. The move made good progress but was diverted when it ran across a Catholic priest who convinced the mercenaries to rescue 60 clergy being held by Simba troops. The mercenaries failed to either rescue the priests or capture the Albertville airport. The next day ANC infantry and the motorized Gendarmes re-captured the city, overwhelming poorly armed Simba resistance. Together with the success in Kasai the victory at Albertville stabilized the government southern flank. The abuse of the clergy also increased Western support for the Tshombe Government.

Hostages
The rebels started taking hostages from the local white population in areas under their control. Several hundred hostages were taken to Stanleyville and placed under guard in the Victoria Hotel. A group of Belgian and Italian nuns were taken hostage by rebel leader Gaston Soumaliot. The nuns were forced into hard labor and numerous atrocities were reported by news agencies all over the world. Uvira, near the border with Burundi was a supply route for the rebellions. On October 7, 1964, the nuns were liberated. From Uvira they escaped by road to Bukavu from where they returned to Belgium by airplane.

In late October 1964, nearly 1,000 European and U.S. citizens were taken hostage by rebel forces in Stanleyville. In response, Belgium and the United States launched a military intervention on 24 November 1964.

Rebel collapse, August 1964 – November 1965

As aid from the Soviet Union was received by the Simba military establishment, the Simba force made one final push against the government capital of Leopoldville. The advance made some headway but was stopped cold when several hundred mercenaries were airlifted North and attacked the flank of the Simba pincer. The mercenaries were then able to capture the key town of Boende. After this success, more mercenaries were hired and dispatched to every province in Congo.

Once that the final Simba offensives were checked, the ANC began to squeeze Simba-controlled territory from all sides. ANC commanders formed a loose perimeter around rebel areas, pushing in with a variety of shallow and deep pincers. With mercenaries acting as shock contingent for ANC forces, the Congolese government used aircraft to transport mercenaries to hotspots or rebel strongholds. Mercenary forces became adept at outflanking and then reducing Simba positions with enfilade fire.

Government counter-offensives

Though war was turning in favor of the ANC, problems remained for the Congolese government. Most notably, the rebels still held numerous hostages and important towns in eastern Congo. In response, the Congolese government turned to Belgium and the United States for help. The Belgian Army sent a task force to Léopoldville, airlifted by the U.S. 322d Airlift Division. The Belgian and American governments tried to come up with a rescue plan. Several ideas were considered and discarded, while attempts at negotiating with the Simba force failed.

The Congolese government and its Western allies finally decided to launch a multi-pronged campaign. ANC troops led by mercenary columns would advance from the west, southwest, southeast (Albertville) and east (Bukavu). The mercenaries were well equipped for the campaign, and given access to jeeps, trucks, mortars and armoured fighting vehicles. In addition, the ANC was provided with foreign advisors, including about 200 Cuban CIA agents who operated on the ground and also flew for the Congolese Air Force. The ground forces which were coming from the west and attacking Bas-Uele were also supported by armoured trains. While these ground offensives were going on, an international task force was prepared for airborne attacks on the urban centers of the rebels.

Though the initial ground attacks met with some success, the Simbas still managed to offer significant resistance, and even retook some areas amid counter-attacks soon after the campaign's beginning. The first airborne assault was carried out on 24 November. Organized by Belgian Colonel Charles Laurent, the attack was code-named Dragon Rouge and targeted Stanleyville. Five US Air Force C-130 transports dropped 350 Belgian paratroopers of the Para-Commando Regiment onto Simi-Simi Airport on the western outskirts of Stanleyville. Once the paratroopers had secured the airfield and cleared the runway they made their way to the Victoria Hotel, prevented Simba rebels from killing most of the 60 hostages, and evacuated them via the airfield. Over the next two days over 1,800 Americans and Europeans were evacuated, as well as around 400 Congolese. However, almost 200 foreigners and thousands of Congolese were executed by the Simbas. Among them were several missionaries such as the American Dr. Paul Carlson or the Belgian Dox brothers. While the Belgians were securing Stanleyville, the ANC's columns "Lima I" and "Lima II" broke through the Simba defenses and arrived at Stanleyville on the same day. On 26 November, a second mission (Dragon Noir) was flown by the Belgians and captured Isiro. The Belgians withdrew most of their forces from the Congo after the successful conclusion of Dragon Rouge and Dragon Noir. The fall of Stanleyville and Isiro "broke the back of the eastern insurrection, which never recovered." The Simba leadership fled into exile while descending into disarray and severe disagreements; Gbenye was shot in the shoulder by one of his generals after dismissing him. However, many African states voiced support for the Simbas' cause after the Belgian operations.

Final rebel strongholds

Though the main rebel forces had been dispersed, large areas in eastern Congo remained under Simba control. In fact, the government offensives stalled after the reconquest of Stanleyville and Isiro. The Simba rebels proved to be still a capable fighting force by inflicting a major defeat on the ANC near Bafwasende in early February 1965, followed by another, smaller rebel victory near Bumba later that month. Regardless, the insurgents had become too weak to actually restart their offensives and were unable to exploit their defensive successes, resulting in a temporary stalemate. Meanwhile, their international supporters continued to arm and train the rebels, although Burundi expelled local Chinese experts who had possibly aided the insurgency around early February. In January 1965 Ugandan Prime Minister Milton Obote arranged for Gbenye to meet with him, Kenyan President Jomo Kenyatta, and Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere in Mbale. Gbenye gained their sympathies, and it was decided that covert aid would be channeled to him primarily through Uganda, due to its proximity to the geographic base of the rebellion. Obote selected Colonel Idi Amin to lead the assistance effort. As Uganda continued to support the rebels, the Congolese government retaliated by bombing the two villages of Paidha and Goli in Uganda's West Nile District on 13 February 1965. The bombings caused minimal damage, but resulted in a public outcry in Uganda whose government promptly expanded the military to defend its borders. There were also reports about Ugandan troops crossing the border in a raid targeting Mahagi and Bunia in retaliation for the Congolese air attacks.

From March to June 1965, ANC contingents and mercenaries under Hoare and Jacques Noel organized Operations "White Giant" and "Violettes Imperiales", military offensives aimed at retaking the areas bordering Uganda, Sudan, and the Central African Republic. These operations cut off important rebel supply routes, recaptured a number of strategically significant towns in northern Orientale Province, and deprived the insurgents of local gold mines. This greatly weakened the Simba rebellion. Meanwhile, around 100 Afro-Cuban volunteers under Che Guevara arrived to train the remaining Simba forces in eastern Congo. There were also plans to send trainers from other communist countries to Congo as well. Instead, however, international support for the Simbas declined. This resulted from growing conflicts within and among the socialist states, most notably the 1965 Algerian coup d'état and the Sino-Soviet split. Furthermore, the Maoist leadership of the Simbas disagreed with the Cubans over ideology, resulting in tensions that undermined any military cooperation. In contrast, the Rwandan exiles continued to back the Simba rebels, and became even more important to the Simba forces due to the gradual end of other foreign support. The "Rwanadese Popular Movement" and the "Rwanda Youth National Union" led by Jean Kayitare, son of Rwandan exile leader François Rukeba, each mobilized a battalion to assist the beleaguered Simbas. One Rwandan exile later explained that their continued support for the Simba rebels was mostly motivated by the fact that they were being expelled from other countries such as Burundi, making this "the only choice we had". Despite this, their working relationship with the Congolese insurgents became more strained. The Simba rebels also alienated the Banyamulenge who lived in South Kivu during this time, as the retreating insurgents killed the Banyamulenge's cows for food. Even though they were related to ethnic Rwandans, the Banyamulenge had previously tried to remain neutral and now opted to side with the Congolese government. They organized militias and began to hunt for the rebels. By April 1965, several thousand pro-Simba Rwandan militants operated in eastern Congo, but their support did little to stem the ANC's advance.

By May 1965, the Simbas had lost a majority of their territory in northeastern Congo. Despite this, the Cubans attempted to improve the training and organization of the Congolese and Rwandan insurgents. In late June, Kabila ordered a first Cuban-Simba-Rwandan attack aimed at the ANC garrison of Bendera. The operation (which was opposed by Che Guevara) failed completely, with the Rwandans being particularly poorly motivated and fleeing upon the first sign of combat. However, the Cubans continued their training and the performance of the rebels began to improve, resulting in a series of well-organized ambushes against ANC targets. However, these successes came at a significant cost. One Rwandan rebel leader told Che Guevara that he was losing so many of his fighters that the exiles' plans to invade Rwanda in future had become almost impossible.

The ANC launched another campaign, "Operation South", in September 1965 against the last major Simba stronghold which was located at Fizi-Baraka in South Kivu. Despite the occasional rebel success, the ANC and the mercenaries continued their advance, and began to cut off the insurgents from their supply roues across Lake Tanganyika. This forced the rebels to make stands and face the government forces head-on in battles in which they were disadvantaged. The final Simba stronghold near Bukavu held out for a month. It was captured only after the Simba force had killed several thousand civilians. Morale among the rebels plummeted, and many Rwandans wanted to quit the conflict. As local farmers also turned against the Simbas, showing insurgent camps to the government troops, the Cubans realized that no revolution would occur in the Congo. In November 1965, the Communist Cubans left the Congo in a nightly evacuation. At this point, the Simba rebellion was effectively defeated. According to historian Gérard Prunier, most of the remaining Simba rebels were "slaughter[ed]" by the ANC, mercenaries, and Banyamulenge militias. Many Simbas and their families were able to escape into exile; some ultimately relocated to Cuba.

Aftermath

Effects on the Congo

Though the Simba rebellion had been crushed, rebel remnants continued to be active. Weak and no real threat to the Congolese government, they waged a low-level guerrilla war from bases in remote frontier regions. Of the rebel leadership, Kabila and Soumialot continued to support the remaining insurgents from their exile in Tanzania. In contrast, Gbenye and Olenga initially became businessmen in Sudan and Uganda. They made peace with Mobutu and returned to the Congo in 1971. Soumialot was probably killed by his own troops while waging an insurgency in the Fizi-Baraka area of the Congo in the late 1960s. Notable Simba holdouts were located in the western Virunga Mountains (these forces eventually became the Parti de Libération Congolais) and in South Kivu (Kabila's People's Revolution Party). The Rwandan exiles no longer played a significant role in the Simba holdouts. Some exiled Simbas resumed their insurgency in the 1980s or 1990s. Notable examples include the Front for the Liberation of Congo – Patrice Lumumba (FLC-L) and André Kisase Ngandu's forces.

Some of the Simba holdouts continued to be active until the First Congo War in 1996/97 when Kabila became President of the Congo. Ex-Simbas played a major role in Kabila's government until his murder in 2001.

The Banyamulenge's involvement in the conflict would result in lasting ethnic resentment in South Kivu, as the Simba insurgents of the region had mostly belonged to the Bembe people. Accordingly, the memory of the Banyamulenge-Simba fighting became ethnically charged, a development which was further fuelled by the Banyamulenge exploiting their victory over the rebels by expanding their holdings in South Kivu after the rebellion. The local ethnic rivalries would have a major impact on the First and Second Congo War.

Regional impact
The decision to aid the Simbas divided the Ugandan government, as it strained relations with the Congolese government and with the United States. It also created differences between the Ugandan national government and the sub-national Bugandan government. A Ugandan Member of Parliament later accused Colonel Amin of taking advantage of the situation to embezzle funds allocated for aid to Gbenye and smuggling gold, coffee, and ivory from the Congo, triggering the Gold Scandal. Several ex-Simba rebels were eventually enlisted in the Uganda Army after Idi Amin seized power in Uganda in 1971.

Thousands of Simba rebels fled to Burundi. Many of them joined with Hutu militants in a revolt against President Michel Micombero in 1972.

Cuban-Congolese community
The emigration of about 500 ex-Simbas to Cuba after the rebellion, as well as the subsequent intermarriage between ethnic Cubans and ex-Simbas, resulted in the emergence of a Cuban-Congolese community. Marked by a unique blend of Cuban and Congolese cultures, this community spread beyond Cuba, as some Cuban-Congolese ultimately returned to Africa or relocated to other parts of the world. Many ex-Simbas greatly profited from the better education opportunities in Cuba, and integrated well into the society of their host country. Despite being relatively small, the community has played a major part in modern Congolese politics due to the influence of Cuba-based ex-Simbas on the first post-Mobutu government of the Congo.

References

Notes

Works cited

1963 in the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)
1964 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1965 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
20th-century rebellions
Cold War conflicts
Conflicts in 1963
Conflicts in 1964
Conflicts in 1965
Congo Crisis
Mercenary warfare
Rebellions in Africa
Wars involving Belgium
Wars involving Cuba
Wars involving the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Wars involving the United States
Wars involving Sudan
Wars involving Uganda


Yasmina Siadatan (born 1981 in Hull, England) is a British businesswoman of British and Iranian descent. She was the winner of the fifth series of the British television show The Apprentice. As the winner, she was offered a job working for businessman Sir Alan Sugar (now Lord Sugar), who presents the show.

Education
Siadatan studied at Kendrick School, Reading.
Yasmina also attended LSE and studied economic history.

Career prior to The Apprentice

After travelling in Provence in 2007 with the help of her brother she set up a restaurant named Myalacarte in Reading, Caversham, which subsequently closed down and a pizza restaurant is now on the site.

The Apprentice
Yasmina entered The Apprentice in 2009 as one of sixteen contestants. She reached the final where she competed against Kate Walsh and was eventually hired as Sir Alan Sugar's apprentice, taking a £100,000 a year job with his company, Amscreen Health Care, where 2008's winner, Lee McQueen worked at the time.

References

External links
 BBC Yasmina interview

The Apprentice (British TV series) candidates
The Apprentice (franchise) winners
British people of Iranian descent
Businesspeople from Kingston upon Hull
Living people
1981 births
People educated at Kendrick School


Gdynia Literary Prize () is a Polish literary prize, which is awarded annually to authors of the best books published in the previous year in the prose, poetry, essay and (since 2014) translation categories.

It was established in 2006 by Wojciech Szczurek, mayor of Gdynia, who stated that "The idea of Gdynia Literary Prize is to honour unique achievements of contemporary Polish authors which shall determine a strong and also permanent impulse to further intensify activities in literature and art in its broad meaning".

The list of nominees is announced in May during the International Book Fair (Międzynarowe Targi Książki) in Warsaw. The prizes which consist of the "Literature Cube" statuette and 50.000 PLN are presented at the Grand Gala in June in Gdynia.
Since 2008 the Grand Gala is accompanied by Literaturomanie Days of Gdynia Literary Prize (Literaturomanie Dni Nagrody Literackiej Gdynia). Moreover, at the turn of October and November, The Autumn Meetings with Winners of the Gdynia Literary Prize take place.

Public City Library (Miejska Biblioteka Publiczna) in Gdynia publishes Literary Supplement. Gdynia Literary Prize Newspaper magazine.

Chapter

Choices of both the nominees and winners is done by the members of GLP Chapter consisting of prominent experts. The members are: Agata Bielik-Robson, Marek Bieńczyk, Jerzy Jarniewicz, Zbigniew Kruszyński, Małgorzata Łukasiewicz, Aleksander Nawarecki, Violetta Trella (Chapter’s secretary) and chairman Piotr Śliwiński.

In previous years the members were: Alina Brodzka-Wald, Piotr Sommer, Paweł Śpiewak and Elżbieta Gwiazdowska (Chapter's secretary).

Prize winners

„Literaturomanie” Days of Gdynia Literary Prize

„Literaturomanie” Days of Gdynia Literary Prize (:pl:Dni Nagrody Literackiej Gdynia „Literaturomanie”) - is the full name of two-day festival which debuted in 2008. „Literaturomanie” is the first big, annual literary event in Tricity.

The event is meant for the enthusiasts of high culture in varied literary genres (poetry, prose, essay and commentary). Its goal is to enable the audience to meet with recognized authors with similar profiles of ambitious, contemporary literature (by trend, views, age, sex etc.). The guests who are invited conduct discussions, with each other and with the audience, on the most actual themes. The prominent critics and journalists from patronizing media take care of meritocracy of the debates.

Previous edition of festival

Programs

2008

Program of “Literaturomanie” 2008 was full of numerous events, such as:
 Author. Author! – meetings with leading Polish authors (the guests were: Wiesław Myśliwski, Eustachy Rylski, Leszek Szaruga, Jacek Żakowski).
 Literary Debates of „Gdynia” – meetings with nominees and readings of fragments of their books.
 Gdynia Drama Prize – presentation of fragments of winning drama and conversation with author.
 Music event – free of charge (Świetliki).
 Open Tournament of One Poem – a combination of poetry and performance during which competitors present their works while the jury (Wojciech Boros, Wojciech Bonowicz oraz Tadeusz Dąbrowski) judge their performance and present the winners (in previous editions: Patryk Dziczek, Joanna Herman, Maciej Kotłowski, Natalia Malek, Anna Wieser, Mariusz Więcek).
 Special movie screenings – and meetings with their creators („Jegomość Tischner i jego filozofia po góralsku”, creators: Witold Bereś, Artur Więcek).
 Second-book Fair – where the best collections can be found.
 Gdynia Literary Prize Vademecum – book stand where books of the nominees can be bought and signatures with dedications can be obtained.
 Poetry Workshops – free of charge classes for 10-15 people which are held by one of prize winners of the previous edition (in 2008 workshops were held by Wojciech Bonowicz).

Moreover, during the festival there are many open debates held with prominent guests such as: Stefan Chwin, Piotr Kłoczowski, Stanisław Rosiek, Krzysztof Środa, Jacek Żakowski.

2009
In "Literaturomanie" 2009's program which took place on 12–13 June 2009 one could find:

 Author. Author! – meetings with leading Polish authors: Hanna Krall - meeting chaired by Paweł Huelle and Janusz Głowacki, chaired by - Remigiusz Grzela.
 Gdynia zaczytana - photos' exhibition.
 Gdynia Literary Prize Vademecum – book stand where books of the nominees can be bought and signatures with dedications can be obtained.
 Literary Debates of „Gdynia” - meetings with nominees chaired by literary critics and journalists: poetry - Michał Chaciński (TVP Kultura), prose - Andrzej Franaszek (Tygodnik Powszechny), essay - Łukasz Rudziński (trojmiasto.pl).
 :pl:Mumio - performance and meeting with :pl:Mumio.
 Open Tournament of One Poem – third edition; combination of poetry and performance; jury: Leszek Szaruga, Anna Sobecka and Wojciech Boros.
 Prose workshops – free of charge, two-day classes for 10 people, held by Leszek Szaruga
 Second-book fair.
 Two decades of Polish literature - debate on Polish literature after year 1989; participants: Przemysław Czapliński, Ewa Graczyk, Leszek Szaruga, Adam Wiedemann and Marek Zaleski.
the meeting was chaired by Dariusz Bugalski.

The Autumn Meetings with Winners of the Gdynia Literary Prize
The Autumn Meetings with Winners of the Gdynia Literary Prize (Jesienne Spotkania z Laureatami Nagrody Literackiej Gdynia) – is an event that is held at the turn of October and November which enables further meeting of the enthusiast of culture and art with the Gdynia Literary Prize winners.

Autumn Meetings with „Literaturomanie” Days of Gdynia Literary Prize are platforms where the audience can participate in casual conversations abort literature and listen to interpretations of winners’ books

Previous editions

Notes

External links
 Official Site
 MySpace Profile
 Grand Gala 2008 gallery
 Literaturomanie 2008 gallery
 The Autumn Meetings 2008 gallery

Gdynia
Polish literary awards
Awards established in 2006
2006 establishments in Poland


Jarod is a village in Vaghodia Taluka of Vadodara district in Gujarat state of India.

Geography
Jarod is located at . It has an average elevation of 113 metres (370.64 feet).

Jarod is center of four taluka Waghodia, Savli, Halol, Vadodara all four is like same distance in four direction.
There are three Government school namely Jarod Group Kumar Shala only boys studying which is 60-70-year-old school, Kanyashala only girls studying standard 1 to 7 and Shree M P Highschool in which standard 1 to 8 is non granted & 9 to 12 is government granted. Also Private schools are Nalanda Vidhyalaya, Aroma  School.

Demographics
 India census, Jarod had a population of 6,438. Males constitute 3,361 and females are 3,077.

Transport
The usual mode of transport is state owned buses, although private buses are also a part of it, whereas for long journeys trains are preferred and the most preferred one station is Vadodara, which is approx 24 km from the village.

References

Villages in Vadodara district


This is a list of fictional crocodiles and alligators from literature, folklore and myth, mascots and emblems of teams and organizations, comics, films, animations and video games.

This list is subsidiary to the list of fictional animals. It is restricted to notable crocodilian characters from notable works of fiction. Characters that appear in multiple media may have separate listings for each appearance, while in instances where a character has appeared in several separate works in a single medium, only the earliest will be recorded here.

Literature

Folklore and myths

Mascots and emblems
Crocodiles and alligators are used as mascots and emblems by organisations and sports teams:

Albert and Alberta Gator of the Florida Gators, representing the University of Florida
Canton Crocodiles, a baseball team in the Frontier league.
Southern Districts football team in the Australian Northern Territory Football League.
"Ice-Gator" and "Lagoona Gator" are the mascots for Disney's Blizzard Beach and Disney's Typhoon Lagoon waterparks in Walt Disney World
Crocs brand footwear manufacturer logo
Lacoste logo.

Comics

Film

Animation

Video games

References

Crocodiles and Alligators

Crocodiles and alligators, fictional


SV Norden-Nordwest is a German football club from Berlin. It was established as Berliner Fußball Club des Nordens on 16 October 1898 and in 1906 merged with Berliner Fußball Club Norden-West, also established in 1898, to play as FC Norden-Nordwest Berlin. The combined side immediately claimed the title in the Märkischer Fußball-Bund (MFB), an early Berlin-based circuit, before going out 1–9 to VfB Leipzig in the quarterfinals of the national championship. As FC des Norden the club had previously earned second place MFB finishes in 1903 and 1905.

History
In 1907, a subsequent merger with Sportliche Verbindung Teutonia 1903 Schönholz formed Sportliche Verbindung Norden-Nordwest Berlin. This side again captured the Märkischer Fußball-Bund title in 1908 before losing a citywide final to Viktoria 89 Berlin (3–4). The team remained competitive through to the end of the decade before becoming part of the Oberliga Berlin in 1911. They found themselves overmatched there and slipped into second-tier play.

Norden-Nordwest returned to upper level play in 1917 and in 1922 finished first in the Oberliga – Staffel A. They won the division title by beating Union-SC Charlottenburg (4–2, 1–0) and advanced to the national playoffs. After a 1–0 quarterfinal victory over Viktoria Forst, they went out in the semifinal to 1. FC Nürnberg by the same score.

On 6 April 1922, the club took on the name Sportverein Norden-Nordwest Berlin and remained a fixture in the Oberliga Berlin-Brandenburg (I) throughout the 1920s and into the early 1930s. They enjoyed their greatest successes during this period. They finished first in Berlin's Staffel A again in 1924, but lost the overall division title to Alemannia 90 Berlin (1–3, 2–2). Two seasons later, they finished first in Staffel B and this time were beaten in the division final by Hertha BSC (0–7, 1–2). Despite that loss they took part in the national playoffs where they beat VfR Köln 2–1 in round of 16 matchup before losing 0–4 to Holstein Kiel in a quarterfinal contest. In addition to their appearances on the national stage SV twice captured the Berliner Landespokal (Berlin Cup).

SV Norden-Nordwest was a middling side over the next half dozen campaigns and did not qualify for the new Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg, one of 16 regional first division circuits formed in the 1933 reorganization of German football under the Third Reich. The team made two failed attempts to win promotion in 1937 and 1941, but was never able to break through. In 1944–45, SV played alongside BFC Meteor 06 as part of the combined wartime side Kriegspielgemeinschaft BSC Meteor/NNW Berlin.

Postwar
Following the end of World War II, occupying Allied authorities banned most organizations throughout the country, including sports and football clubs, as part of the process of de-Nazification. The club's membership became part of Sportgruppe Gesundbrunnen Berlin alongside the membership of Hertha Berlin before both clubs re-emerged as separate sides on 1 August 1949. SG played two undistinguished seasons in the postwar Stadtliga Berlin (1945–46) and Landesliga Berlin (1946–47) before slipping to lower-level competition.

SV Norden-Nordwest appeared in second-tier play in the Amateurliga Berlin in 1957. They finished their 1958–59 campaign atop the division and advanced to the Oberliga Berlin (I) for a single season, but were immediately sent down. The following season in the Amateurliga also ended with relegation for NNW.

In 1999, the team advanced to Bezirksliga Berlin (VII) play and in 2006 joined the Landesliga Berlin (VI). The team competed as a mid-table side in the Landesliga, which became a 7th-tier league following the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008. It was relegated from the Landesliga to the Bezirksliga in 2014 and to the Kreisliga A the following year.

Honours
The club's honours:
 Märkischer Fußball-Bund
 Champions: 1906, 1908
 Brandenburg football championship
 Champions: 1922
 Berliner Landespokal
 Winners: 1923, 1925
 Amateurliga Berlin
 Champions: 1959

References

External links
 Official website

Berlin Norden-Nordwest SV
Football clubs in Berlin
Association football clubs established in 1898
SV Norden-Nordwest


Sir Henry Hesketh Joudou Bell  (17 December 1864 – 1 August 1952) was a British colonial administrator and author.

Biography
Henry Hesketh Joudou Bell was born on 17 December 1864 at Chambéry in the Savoie department of south-east France. He was the son of Henry Jean Antoine Joudou, a timber merchant, and Scotswoman Martha Bell. He had one sibling: Eléonore Marthe Joudou-Bell (1867-1951). Hesketh Bell's ancestry has been extensively researched.

Bell was privately educated in the Channel Islands, and in Paris and Brussels.
In May 1882 he started work in Barbados, as third clerk in the office of the Governor of Barbados and the Leeward Islands, a post he was offered by family friend Sir William C. F. Robinson. From then on he rose through the system in the following posts:
1885-1889 – Grenada Inland Revenue Department
1890-94 – Supervisor of Customs in the Gold Coast
 Receiver General and Treasurer of the Bahamas
1899-1905 – Administrator Of Dominica
1905-08 – Commissioner (later, Governor) of the Uganda Protectorate
1909-11 – Governor of Northern Nigeria
1912-16 – Governor of the Leeward Islands
1916-24 – Governor of Mauritius

In December 2007, New Vision, a Ugandan online newspaper, posted a piece entitled “Hesketh Bell's Ugandan descendants” in which 72-year old Ketty Karuyonga Bell, said to be a great-granddaughter of the former Governor, tells her story.

Hesketh Bell, who never married, is alleged to have had a son with a Mutooro woman, Maria Nyamuhaibona. The boy, John Dick Bell, is said to have been born on 18 December 1905. Hesketh Bell reportedly sent support for the boy, until he learned that John had had a serious accident when he was 10; support then stopped. John, who had 12 children, died of a heart attack in 1953.

Bell's many achievements in Uganda have been summarised as a teaching aid.

One of the most important was a scheme for suppressing sleeping sickness, which Bell proposed in August 1907. After the Treasury authorized the funds for the work, the natives were moved from the fly-infested district on the shores of Lake Victoria to healthy locations inland. The sick were placed in segregation camps to undergo the so-called atoxyl treatment; an estimated 20,000 people were dealt with. The shores of Lake Victoria were cleared of all vegetation, thus removing the presence of the tsetse fly.

Hesketh Bell's vision for Uganda included major development of its railway. By 1909 to had battled hard for approval of two schemes: first, a line from Jinja, on the north shore of Lake Victoria to Kakindu and then to Lake Kioga; and, second, a direct line from Kampala to Lake Albert.

Bell retired to Cannes in 1924, but he still travelled widely. In 1925-26 he made an extensive semi-official tour of the Far East to study French and Dutch systems of colonial government. His conclusions were published as Foreign colonial administration in the Far East in 1928, for which he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Empire Society.

During the Second World War, Bell returned to live in the Bahamas, but was a frequent visitor to London, where he was a member of the Conservative Club in St James's.In 1951, Bell’s will was signed and witnessed in Monaco, where he also had a home. In it he:
 directed that his bust, by James Alexander Stevenson, be offered to the Government of Mauritius “in the hope that it may be placed in some suitable place in ‘Bell Village’” which he founded in 1915.
 bequeathed his portrait by de Laszlo to the Government of Mauritius.
 directed that his diaries and accompanying scrap-books be offered to the Trustees of the British Museum.
 bequeathed the sum of £50 to each of four godsons:
 Peter Myers of 'Greenways', Wadlands Brook Road near East Grinstead. He was Peter S F Myers, born in 1926, son of Harold Hawthorn Myers and Muriel Letitia Swinfen Eady (daughter of Charles Swinfen Eady, 1st Baron Swinfen).
 James Lightfoot of Belgrave Lodge, Belgrave Square, Monkstown, County Dublin, of whom nothing is known.
 Henry Morcom of 6 Chester Street, London SW1. He was Henry Richard Morcom (1922-2008), son of Alfred Morcom and Sylvia Millicent Birchenough (daughter of Sir John Henry Birchenough, 1st Baronet).
 Robert Hesketh Dolbey, of 37 Grosvenor Square, London W1. He was Robert Hesketh Gay Dolbey (1928-2011), son of Robert Valentine Dolbey of Sutton and Virginia Gay of Battle Mountain, Nevada.
 left £300 and his typewriter, radio, clothes and other items to The Marchesa Stella Vitelleschi of Villa Moderno, Monaco.
 left £1,000 and the balance of his estate to his niece, Mrs Marjorie Leonora Apperson.

Death
Sir Henry Hesketh Joudou Bell, GCMG, who lived at 92 Redcliffe Gardens, Kensington, died at a nursing home on 1 August 1952.

Family
Bell's sister, Eléonore Marthe Joudou-Bell, married John Francis Scully. They had one child, registered as Marjory Léonore Scully at birth (1893), but Marjorie Leonore in the National Probate Calendar. She married twice: first, to Thomas Arthur Apperson in 1920 and, second, to Alfred Robert Llewellin-Taylour, MA, FRSA, FRGS, a barrister in 1954. When Hesketh Bell died in 1952, “Marjorie Leonora Apperson single woman” was named in his will. When she, in turn, died in 1968, her executors deposited Hesketh Bell's collection of photographs with the Royal Commonwealth Society.

Awards and honours
Henry Bell was elected a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society in 1891.

He was created a Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George (CMG) in 1903. He was advanced to Knight Commander (KCMG) in 1908 and to Grand Knight Commander (GCMG) in the 1925 New Year Honours.

Some of Bell's publications
His works included memoirs, fiction, and colonial history and administration

1889 – Obeah: witchcraft in the West Indies
1893 – A Witch's Legacy
1893 – The History, Trade, Resources, and present Condition of the Gold Coast Settlement
1894 – Outlines of the Geography of the Gold Coast Colony and Protectorate. Compiled for use in the colonial schools
1909 – Report on the Measures Adopted for the Suppression of Sleeping Sickness in Uganda
1911 – Love in Black [Sketches of native life in West Africa]
1911 – Recent Progress in Northern Nigeria
1928 – Foreign colonial administration in the Far East
1946 – Glimpses of a Governor's Life, from diaries, letters and memoranda
1948 – Witches & Fishes

References

1864 births
1952 deaths
Colonial Administrative Service officers
Governors of Uganda
Governors of British Mauritius
British writers
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
British Governors and Governors-General of Nigeria
Colony of Barbados people


Yasin Pehlivan (born 5 January 1989) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder. He is also part of the Austria national team. Since his debut in 2009, he was capped 17 times.

Club career
Pehlivan began his career 1998 with Breitensee/Wat 16 (WS Ottakring) and signed in 2000 a loan deal with First Vienna FC. Than after two years turned back for a short stint and moved now on loan to SK Rapid Wien after two seasons with good performance for Rapid sold the club him.

His good performance brought him the call to the first team in January 2009 from SK Rapid Wien and made his debut on 22 February 2009 against Red Bull Salzburg, on 14 March 2009 scored his first goal against Kapfenberger SV.

He moved to Turkish Süper Lig side Gaziantepspor on 27 May 2011, signing a five-year contract.

At the end of the season, he signed a three-year-contract with another Süper Lig side Bursaspor on 21 June 2013.

On 22 August 2015, Pehlivan signed for FC Red Bull Salzburg on a one-year deal.

International career
Pehlivan received his first call-up for Austria in winter 2008–09 but only made his debut against Italy national under-21 football team on 11 February 2009. He played also his one and only game for Austria U-20 against Germany on 12 October 2008. He made two games in the Year 2009 for the Austria national team with new coach Didi Constantini.

Personal life
Pehlivan was born to Turkish parents. He also holds Turkish citizenship.

Honours
Red Bull Salzburg
 Austrian Bundesliga: 2015–16
 Austrian Cup: 2015–16

Spartak Trnava
 Slovak Super Liga: 2017–18

References

External links

Rapid stats - Rapid Site

1989 births
Footballers from Vienna
Austrian people of Turkish descent
Living people
Austrian men's footballers
Austria men's youth international footballers
Austria men's under-21 international footballers
Austria men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
First Vienna FC players
SK Rapid Wien players
Gaziantepspor footballers
Bursaspor footballers
Kayseri Erciyesspor footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
FC Spartak Trnava players
Gençlerbirliği S.K. footballers
Çaykur Rizespor footballers
Manisa F.K. footballers
Sakaryaspor footballers
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
Süper Lig players
Slovak First Football League players
TFF First League players
TFF Second League players
Austrian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Austrian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in Slovakia
Austrian expatriate sportspeople in Slovakia


Constantin Stancu (2 October 1956) is a Romanian retired football player and manager.

Club career
Constantin Stancu spent his entire playing career at Argeș Pitești, making a total of 445 appearances in Divizia A in which he scored one goal. He also made 14 appearances in European Cups. Stancu won the Divizia A in the 1978–79 season, contributing with one goal scored in 34 appearances.

International career
Constantin Stancu made three appearances at international level for Romania, making his debut on 1 June 1983 when coach Mircea Lucescu sent him on the field to replace Gino Iorgulescu in the 70th minute of a friendly which ended with a 1–0 loss against Yugoslavia. His following two games were also friendlies, a 2–2 against Poland and a 2–0 victory against Greece.

Honours
Argeș Pitești
Divizia A: 1978–79

References

External links

 Constantin Stancu at Labtof.ro

1956 births
Living people
Footballers from Pitești
Romanian men's footballers
Men's association football central defenders
Men's association football midfielders
Romania men's international footballers
Romania men's under-21 international footballers
Olympic footballers for Romania
FC Argeș Pitești players
Liga I players
Romanian football managers
FC Argeș Pitești managers
FCM Târgoviște managers
FC Astra Giurgiu managers
CS Mioveni managers
ASC Daco-Getica București managers


Why is the fourth EP by English hardcore punk band Discharge, released in 1981 on Clay Records. It reached number 1 on the UK Indie Charts in 1981. It was reissued in 2003 with 12 bonus tracks. The reissue EP is 31:52 in length.

Track listing
All tracks written by Discharge

CD reissue bonus tracks
 "Realities of War"
 "They Declare It"
 "But After the Gig"
 "Society's Victim"
 "Fight Back"
 "War's No Fairytale"
 "Always Restrictions"
 "You Take Part in Creating This System"
 "Religion Instigates"
 "Decontrol"
 "It's No T.V. Sketch"
 "Tomorrow Belongs to Us"

References

Discharge (band) EPs
1981 EPs
Albums produced by Mike "Clay" Stone