Arnold Stephenson Rowntree (28 November 1872 – 21 May 1951) was a Quaker and Liberal MP for York, England.

Background
He was the son of John Stephenson Rowntree and Elizabeth Hotham of York. He was the nephew of Joseph Rowntree (1836–1925), philanthropist and chocolate manufacturer.
He was educated at Friends' School, Bootham, York. He married in 1907, Mary Katharine Harvey of Leeds. They had three sons and three daughters.

Politics
He was Honorary Secretary of the National Adult School Council. He was elected to Parliament at the January 1910 United Kingdom general election as a member for York.  As a Quaker he opposed war and early in the First World War was involved in the Union of Democratic Control, a British anti-war group, which he left in response to pressure from the Liberal Party. He was also associated with fellow Liberal MP Thomas Edmund Harvey in an amendment to the provision for conscientious objectors in the Military Service Act 1916. The same year, he took up the cause of the Richmond Sixteen, a group of conscientious objectors who were sent to France after refusing to undertake even non-combatant duties.

Rowntree was defeated in the 1918 post-war election, and thereafter concentrated on his business. However, he was President of the York Liberal Association and also President of the Educational Centres Association.

Business
He was a Director of the family chocolate business, Rowntree and Co. (Limited), cocoa manufacturers. He was a Director of North of England Newspaper Co. (Limited), The Nation, the Westminster Press and Associated Papers.

He was one of the original directors of the Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust, from 1904 to 1951, and the Chair of the trust 1925–1938, following Joseph Rowntree and succeeded by Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree.

References

External links

 The Rowntree Society

1872 births
1951 deaths
British businesspeople
British Quakers
British pacifists
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910–1918
People educated at Bootham School


Banana Boat is a Polish a cappella sextet, authoring and performing original songs representing the genre of neo-shanties. Being one of the pioneers of the new genre, the group retains its simultaneous focus on contemporary interpretations of traditional sea shanties and maritime music. Owing to its characteristic six-part, jazzy harmony, departing from the traditional sound of the music of the sea, the group has become one of the emblems of what the international artists of the maritime stage have informally come to dub as the Polish style maritime song. With maritime music constantly in the focus of its activity, since 2004, Banana Boat has also been experimenting with other musical genres, including popular and jazz compositions, inviting other artists to participate in individual projects. The group is a Member of International Seasong and Shanty Association (ISSA).

History
Banana Boat evolved from a multi-member formation Jack Steward, founded by Maciej Jędrzejko and functioning in the years 1993–1994. The line-up of the formation was composed of maritime culture aficionados - high-school students from the city of Sosnowiec, mainly representing the Stanisław Staszic Grammar School in Sosnowiec, the Emilia Plater Grammar School in Sosnowiec, and the Technical High School of Mechanical and Steel Industry in Sosnowiec. The central idea behind the singing youth's efforts was to organize a sailing expedition, whose objective was to circumnavigate Iceland. The musical project itself was intended to encourage teachers to take interest in the richness of maritime culture as a vast educational resource and - with their help - to gain the support of the municipal and (then still budding) corporate sponsorship for the idea of the expedition. Even though the Iceland project never came to pass, and Jack Steward eventually ceased to exist in 1994, Maciej Jędrzejko invited Paweł Konieczny, Aleksander Kleszcz and Karol Wierzbicki of the ex-Jack Steward's line-up to help form a new group, which, since 1994, already as an a cappella quartet, adopted the name of Banana Boat. Thus formed, Banana Boat made its debut on the stage of the 1994 Tratwa Festival in Katowice and, subsequently, it gained its early recognition by winning (among others) the Commander Zbyszek Sowiński Award (Tratwa'94), the Main Prize of the 1994 edition of the Prosiak Festival and, importantly, an honorary mention of the jury of the 1996 edition of the prestigious Shanties Festival in Cracow, Poland.

In the years 1996–1998, the group - whose members, by then, had commenced their university education - suspended its activity, only to return to the maritime stages of Poland by the end of 1998. At this stage, Banana Boat made its name as an a cappella quintet, which - reinforced by the former bass singer of the famous Polish group North Cape, Piotr "Qdyś" Wiśniewski - transformed into the present-day sextet at the turn of 2008 and 2009. Since 1998, the group has been awarded the most important prizes of the Polish festivals of maritime music, recorded three albums and a toplist single, and participated in numerous collective projects. Currently, Banana Boat gives concerts and recitals in Europe and outside of it, performing both for the audiences of small-audience clubs and those of large international festivals.

Banana Boat Members
Today, Banana Boat consists of the following musicians:

 Maciej Jędrzejko|Maciej "YenJCo." Jędrzejko, the group's founder, frontman and leader;
 Paweł "Konik" Konieczny, the formation's co-founder, composer and high tenor;
 Paweł Jędrzejko ("Synchro"), the author of the majority of the band's original lyrics and performer of bari-tenor parts;
 Tomasz "Mundry" Czarny, the Banana Boat's arranger, composer and bari-tenor;
 Michał "Ociec" Maniara, the manager of the Art Agency BananaArt.Pl Art and performer of baritone parts;
 Piotr "Qdyś" Wiśniewski, the group's bass singer.

The present-day Banana Boat members are active yachtsmen: Paweł Jędrzejko (formerly a professional navigator), holds an ocean-going yachtmaster's licence; his younger brother Maciej, the group's founder, is an ocean skipper, while other Banana Boat members all hold offshore licenses, which largely contributes to the positive reception of the Banana Boat songs. Professionally, the Banana Boat musicians represent such disciplines as medicine and dentistry, banking and law, trade and academic literary and culture studies.

Organizational, propagatory and charitable activity
In the years 2002-2007 Banana Boat, working in collaboration with the Municipal Cultural Center in Łaziska Górne (Poland), acted as the organizer of the International Festival of Seasong and Shanty "Zęza";
In 2006, the groups participated in an all-Polish charity project To See the Sea, the proceeds from which supported the medical treatment of Polish shantymen in need;
In 2008, Maciej Jędrzejko, the group's leader, was appointed as the artistic director of the International Festival World Music Fusion - Euroszanty & Folk in Sosnowiec (Poland);
Every year, Banana Boat participates in the charity events of the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity;
Maciej Jędrzejko is the founder and Editor-in-Chief of the "Free Sea-Shanty Portal Szantymaniak.Pl" and Editor-in-Chief of the "Szantymaniak Magazine" (in Polish);
Each year, individual members of the group are appointed as jurors of sea-song festivals; they regularly offer workshops to other musicians of the Polish maritime stage and sea-song fans.
Banana Boat participates in the charity educational program "Tunes to Teens," sponsored by Contemporary A Cappella Society of America.

Concerts and international cooperation
Apart from numerous concerts in Poland,  Banana Boat has performed in the Czech Republic (Fulnek), in Italy (Ravenna), in France (Paimpol; Chateau-Thierry, Essômes-sur-Marne, Bugueles, Douarnenez, Brest, Orléans, L'île d'Oléron), in Ireland (Cork/Cobh), in the United States (New York, Bay City), in the Netherlands (Appingedam; Oudewater; Rotterdam), in Belgium (Mouscron) and in Germany (Bremen-Vegesack) and many other locations. As a member of ISSA, the group collaborates with international artists associated within the organization. In 2008, songs by Banana Boat were published on albums of a collective charity project Lafitte's Return (USA). Banana Boat's music has been broadcast by numerous radio stations in Europe and beyond. In the beginning of the year 2009 the group has finalized miniproject entitled A Little A Cappella - Polish-Irish Harmony in partnership with the Irish star of the musical stage, Eleanor McEvoy. The song "Little Look," (written and composed by Eleanor McEvoy and arranged by Tomasz Czarny) entered the most prestigious Polish hitlist, Lista Przebojów Programu Trzeciego, immediately after the single had been released.

Awards and prizes
Apart from numerous Grand Prix awards, First Prizes and Audience's Favorite's Prizes awarded by the jury panels and audiences of all of the most important maritime music festivals in Poland, Banana Boat has become a double first runner-up for the CARA Award of the Contemporary A Cappella Society of America in the categories of The Best World/Folk Album 2005 (for the album A morze tak, a może nie...) and The Best World/Folk Song 2005 (for the song "Arktyka" of the mentioned album). In 2016, the group's 2015 minialbum Aquareal was named the first runner up for the 2015 CARA Award in the same category.

Discography
 A morze tak, a może nie (BananaArt.Pl 2004)<ref name="A morze tak, a może nie... RARB review of the album">{{cite web|url=http://www.rarb.org/reviews/497.html|title=A morze tak, a może nie...|author=|publisher=RARB|date=2008-12-22}}</ref>
 Banana Boat...Świątecznie (BananaArt.Pl 2004), (six Christmas carols)
 Songs in collection Szanty dla Pajacyka, the proceeds of which support Polish Humanitarian Organisation (2004).
 Songs in charity collections Lafitte's Return (vols. 3 and 4), of which the total proceeds support the musical education of the post-Katrina New Orleans (2008)
  A Little A Cappella - Polish-Irish Harmony a single featuring Eleanor McEvoy (BananaArt.Pl 2009)
  Aquareal (BananaArt.Pl 2015) - a minialbum

See also
 A cappella
 Sea shanty

References

Literature of the subject
Jerzy S. Łątka, Rozfalowana ziemia. Dzieje ruchu szantowego w Polsce [Wavy Earth: The History of the Sea-Shanty Movement in Poland], Kraków: Towarzystwo Słowaków w Polsce, 2007
Pat Sheridan, "A New Musical Idiom. Poland: World leaders in the preservation and promotion of maritime music?" In: Ferment, 2008
Assorted articles in the Szantymaniak Magazine

External links
the Official Website of the Banana Boat
Archive of the past concerts of Banana Boat
Banana Boat in MySpace
Banana Boat in Acapedia

Polish musical groups
Professional a cappella groups
Maritime music


Tomlinson v Congleton Borough Council [2003] UKHL 47 is a 2003 court case in England from the House of Lords regarding the torts of negligence and occupiers' liability (the latter regarding the Occupiers' Liability Act 1984).

It was a landmark case that has been regarded as an attempt to stem the development of a "compensation culture" in the UK.

Litigation
The case originated in the High Court of Justice, after which it proceeded to the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. In the latter case, the Lords Justice of Appeal held in favour of Tomlinson, the claimant. However, this decision was reversed by the House of Lords.

Facts
In May 1995, the claimant, John Tomlinson (then aged 18), visited an artificial lake, part of a country park in Brereton, Cheshire in the borough of Congleton with his friends. While there, Tomlinson dived into the water and hit his head on the sandy bottom, leaving him tetraplegic as a result of a break to the fifth vertebra of his neck.
He subsequently brought proceedings against Congleton Borough Council under the Occupiers' Liability Act 1984 (as a trespasser), claiming for loss of earnings, loss of quality of life and the cost of the care he would require as a result of his injuries.

Judgment
Tomlinson contended that the council owed him a duty under the '84 Act as the premises were not reasonably safe for his use (S.1(1) '84 Act), claiming that there had not been adequate warning of the dangers of diving in the water.

However, it was the counter argument of the council that he ceased to become a visitor ('57 Act) once he entered the lake as he entered an area (a lake) that was out of bounds to him (see Hillen v ICI (Alkali) Ltd [1936] AC 65, p69).
The claimant contended that he was, on the grounds that the council met the conditions of subsection 3 of the '84 Act and that they were aware of the ineffectiveness of the warning signs.

Accordingly, the question became whether or not the claimant was owed a duty under the '84 Act. The council contended that they had taken measures to prevent people from swimming in the lake including warning signs and park ranger patrols. There were still concerns from the council that despite "every reasonable precaution had now been taken, but it was recognised that some foolhardy persons would continue to put their lives at risk.".

Following a number of near-death incidents involving attempted-swimming by drunk visitors, the council eventually began to remove the attractive features of the lake to discourage visitors from venturing close to it. It was at this point that Mr Tomlinson decided to dive into the lake. The council argued that they had done everything reasonably possible to ensure the safety of visitors and the lake itself was not the danger, so much as the disregard to warnings and the actions of the public.

This argument was upheld by Lords Nicholls and Hoffmann in the statement:

Eventually, after a lengthy report, the council's argument was accepted and their appeal was allowed on two key grounds:
 The claimant's injuries were not due to the "state of the premises"
 The grounds of public policy (law) holding that, to decide in the claimant's favour would discourage the council from providing facilities for individuals to enjoy themselves

Lord Hobhouse stated on the second point:

Reception
The ruling was considered landmark as it stated that individuals must take responsibility for their own actions. It was seen as attempting to stem a "compensation culture" that was perceived to be growing in the UK, but which some say are exaggerated and that the law will protect potentially risky but "useful activities"

See also
 Occupiers' liability (English law)
 Occupiers' Liability Act 1957
 Occupiers' Liability Act 1984
 Donoghue v Folkestone Properties Ltd

References

English tort case law
English occupier case law
House of Lords cases
2003 in United Kingdom case law
Congleton
2000s in Cheshire


Arthur Nicholas Tafoya (March 2, 1933 – March 24, 2018) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the third bishop of the Diocese of Pueblo in Colorado from 1980 to 2009.  His resignation as bishop was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI on October 15, 2009.

Biography
Arthur Tafoya was born on March 2, 1933, in Alameda, New Mexico.  He was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Edwin Byrne for the Archdiocese of Santa Fe on May 12, 1962.

Bishop of Pueblo
On July 1, 1980, Tafoya was appointed the third bishop of the Diocese of Pueblo by Pope John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on September 10, 1980, from Archbishop James Casey, with Archbishop Robert Sanchez and Bishop Charles Buswell serving as co-consecrators.

Tafoya was an early critic of the 2003 to 2011 Iraq War, calling it "an unjust war...[that] sets a dangerous precedent and threatens the lives and well-being of people in our nation and world." During the 2004 U.S. presidential election, he expressed his opposition to denying communion to Catholic politicians who support abortion rights for women, saying that it was not the only issue voters should consider.

Retirement
When Tafoya reached the mandatory retirement age of 75 for bishops, he submitted his letter of resignation as bishop of the Diocese of Pueblo to Benedict XVI.  The pope accepted his resignation on October 15, 2009.

Arthur Tafoya died in Albuquerque, New Mexico, on March 24, 2018, at age 85.

See also

 Catholic Church hierarchy
 Catholic Church in the United States
 Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States
 List of Catholic bishops of the United States
 Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

References

External links

 Roman Catholic Diocese of Pueblo Official Site

Episcopal succession

1933 births
2018 deaths
People from Bernalillo County, New Mexico
Roman Catholic bishops of Pueblo
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States
Catholics from New Mexico


Bjørn Floberg (born 12 September 1947) is a Norwegian actor of film, television and theatre. He is particularly noted for playing unsympathetic authority figures, but he has also had success playing other types of roles.

Career

Theatre
Floberg joined Det Norske Teatret (The Norwegian Theatre) in 1972, appearing in such plays as The Caretaker, When You Comin' Back, Red Ryder?, Long Day's Journey into Night, and Saint Joan of the Stockyards. Particularly notable roles include Molière in Mikhail Bulgakov's The Cabal of Hypocrites, the title role in Volpone, and Jean in Miss Julie. In recent years he has played various roles at Nationaltheatret, including Devlin in Ashes to Ashes and Professor Kroll in Rosmersholm. Floberg is particularly fond of Harold Pinter. In an interview with Aftenposten, he said: "[Pinter's] texts are like butter in my mouth", and added that Pinter's plays are distinguished by "character disintegration". On different occasions Floberg has played both the title role and the role of Henry Bolingbroke in Shakespeare's play Richard II.

Early film career
Floberg made his film debut in 1976, in Oss, a science fiction film depicting Norway after a severe economic crisis. The film was directed by Laila Mikkelsen and written by Knut Faldbakken. In the 70's and 80's he appeared in several Norwegian films, playing alongside such actors as Sossen Krohg, Lars Andreas Larssen, Carsten Byhring, Frøydis Armand and Geir Børresen. In 1990 he played "The Father" in the Amanda Award-winning Norwegian film Herman, based on Lars Saabye Christensen's novel. According to The New York Times, "As Herman's parents, Elisabeth Sand and Bjorn Floberg generate a mixture of love and concern that would be appropriate for any character of Herman's tender age". The film was directed by Erik Gustavson.

Floberg's breakthrough came when he played the title role in Telegrafisten (1993), another film directed by Gustavson, loosely based on Knut Hamsun's novel Sværmere. Floberg plays Ove Rolandsen, a telegraph operator and inventor, in a small coastal village in northern Norway, around the turn of the 19th century. The film was a success, with Floberg's performance being described as "glowing". In 1997 he appeared in the Norwegian crime film Insomnia, playing the antagonist Jon Holt, a famous author who claims to have had a close relationship to the murder victim. The film was generally well received. The film is also where Floberg developed his long time rivalry with fellow Scandinavian  heartthrob Stellan Skarsgård. The two men fell out over a perceived slight on Skarsgård's part allegedly regarding Floberg's sexual prowess, although neither party will comment on the incident in question. Despite all this, the movie is still considered one of his finest performances. One reviewer rated the performances as "top notch", with Floberg being "effective as a mysterious figure Engstrom encounters during his investigation". The film was later remade by Christopher Nolan, starring Al Pacino, with Robin Williams playing Floberg's character.

In the 1999 Swedish film Dykaren, Floberg played the role of Claes, one of two fishermen who rescues Polish Irena, played by Izabella Scorupco, from the water. The two fishermen later gets in trouble, as it turns out that Irena is being chased by members of the russian mafia. This was the fifth time Floberg played in a film directed by Erik Gustavson, who praised him: "[Floberg] is my Robert De Niro. Our fifth film together. It has always gone well". Floberg, on the other hand, dryly commented: "Yes, I got a phone call [from Gustavson] this time too". In an interview with Verdens Gang, he elaborated on his relationship with Gustavson: "We have a really good understanding. We talk a lot in codes, and save a lot of time. Besides, I really like the way Erik works". Floberg also expressed his satisfaction with playing a "good guy" for once, humorously acknowledging that he is probably considered Norway's "number one movie-psycho". Co-star Scorupco, on the other hand, characterized Floberg as charming, and "easy to fall in love with". In Misery Harbour, a Scandinavian/Canadian collaboration from the same year, Floberg returned to playing a negative character. He received critical acclaim for his depiction of the arrogant literary critic Johan Hoeg, being described as "brilliant", and "taking on the role (...) with razor-sharp spitefulness".

2000–2006
Floberg's next major role was the father of Dina in the 2002 Swedish-Norwegian-Danish film I Am Dina. With a budget of 141 million NOK, this was one of Norway's largest productions ever, and Scandinavia's most expensive movie at the time. The film was based on the novel Dinas Bok by Herbjørg Wassmo, and starred Maria Bonnevie as Dina and Gérard Depardieu as Dina's husband Jakob. Floberg plays a key role as Dina's father. Floberg initially expressed his high expectations for the movie, but it ended up doing very poorly, being described as an "economic disaster". Floberg's performance received mostly negative reviews. Jon Selås of Verdens Gang described his role as "one-dimensional", while others criticized him for speaking English with a heavy Norwegian accent. After I am Dina, Floberg appeared in Salmer fra kjøkkenet, a comedy / drama directed by Bent Hamer, starring Joachim Calmeyer as the grumpy old bachelor Isak. Floberg plays Grant, Isak's neighbour. He becomes increasingly jealous as Isak finds a new friend in Folke, an observer from the "Swedish Home Research Institute". The film did well, receiving an Amanda Award for Best Film. It was also Norway's 2003 entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Floberg received generally positive notices for his performance in an atypical role.

The 2003 Norwegian horror film Villmark was Floberg's next movie. In it, he plays Gunnar, the abrasive, condescending leader of a small production company. To prepare his young team for their next production, a reality series, he takes them all to spend the weekend in an isolated cabin in the forest without food or cell phones. Soon mysterious things begin to happen, as the team discovers an abandoned encampment, and eventually the body of a woman, by a nearby lake. Despite this, Gunnar remains adamant that the team should stay the entire weekend. With a budget of only 8 million NOK, the film was considered a huge success. It was seen by almost 150000 people in the theatres. Reviewers were generally positive regarding Floberg's performance. Critic Birger Vestmo of NRK complimented Floberg for his frightening unpredictability, while Twitch's reviewer Collin Armstrong noted that: "Floberg in particular really impressed, switching Gunnar’s passive aggressive nature on and off with ease".

Floberg returned to the big screen in Uno (2004), a drama set in a shady gym in Oslo. Floberg plays a trademark role as the authoritarian, small-time criminal gym owner Jarle. The film was directed by Aksel Hennie who also played the leading role. The film was a critical success. Verdens Gang and Dagbladet both rated it 5 out of 6, while Birger Vestmo of NRK gave it 6/6. Floberg received positive nods from most reviewers, his performance being described as "highly adept", and "frighteningly ice cold". Per Haddal of Aftenposten called it his best performance since his breakthrough in Telegrafisten.

2006–present

In 2006, Floberg played the main villain in the crime thriller Uro, directed by Stefan Faldbakken. The film starred Nicolai Cleve Broch and Ane Dahl Torp, who were both nominated for Amanda Awards for Best Actor and Best Actress, respectively. The critical reception was overall good. Veteran critic Pål Bang-Hansen, who saw the film at Cannes Film Festival, enthusiastically exclaimed: "Bjørn Floberg is the foremost villain of Norwegian film. In this film he is more of an asshole than ever". Dagbladet'''s Inger Bentzrud commended the actors, but noted that all of Cleve Broch, Floberg, and Ahmed Zeyan played similar roles in Uno. One particularly negative review came from Bergens Tidende, who gave the film a 2/6 rating, highlighting Floberg's performance as one of the few positive points.

Following Uro, Floberg starred opposite Trond Espen Seim in Bitre Blomster (2007). This was the first in a series of films based on Gunnar Staalesen's crime novels. As chief inspector Jakob Hamre, he serves as a foil for shabby private investigator Varg Veum (Seim). The film received mixed reviews, although most reviewers agreed that the two leads, particularly Seim, delivered good performances. Initially, a total of six films were produced, four of them intended for direct-to-video release. The second theatrically released film in the series was Falne Engler (2008), directed by Morten Tyldum, with Floberg and Seim reprising their roles as Veum and Hamre. The film was very well received, and shortly after the premiere, the producers announced that an additional six films based on Staalesen's Varg Veum character would be made. Bjørn Floberg expressed his satisfaction with the films: "[The producers and directors] have set a new standard for this genre, and I would like to be a part of the continued development of the Varg Veum universe, together with the script writers, and not least Trond Espen, with whom I've had a very good cooperation". Production of the new films were scheduled to begin in August 2009. In 2010 he played alongside his long time film rival and personal enemy Stellan Skarsgård in the Norwegian black comedy A Somewhat Gentle Man''.

In 2011, Floberg received the Committee's Honorary Amanda Award during the annual ceremony at the Norwegian International Film Festival in Haugesund.

Selected filmography

References

External links

Living people
1947 births
People from Tønsberg
Norwegian male stage actors
Norwegian male film actors
Norwegian male television actors
20th-century Norwegian male actors
21st-century Norwegian male actors


Sir John Throgmorton Middlemore, 1st Baronet (9 June 1844 – 17 October 1924)  was an English Liberal Unionist politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham North.

He was the son of William Middlemore, who had a leather business at Holloway Head, Birmingham. He gained a degree in medicine.

He was elected to the House of Commons at a by-election in 1899 following the resignation of the sitting Birmingham North MP, William Kenrick.  Middlemore held the seat until the constituency was abolished at the 1918 General Election, and did not stand for election again.

He served as a J.P. for Birmingham and Worcestershire. In 1872 he founded and managed for forty years the Middlemore Children's Emigration Homes for the training of destitute children in Agriculture in Canada. Between 1873 and 1952, some 6000 children suffering from neglect or poverty were sent via the city's Middlemore Emigration Home to work in Australia and Canada.  The children were taken overseas in large groups and then distributed to families when they arrived.

He was made a Baronet on 27 May 1919, of Selly Oak, Worcestershire. On his death he was succeeded by his son William Hawkslow Middlemore, on whose death the title became extinct.

The Sir John Middlemore Charitable Trust managed and operated the Middlemore Family Centre in Bartley Green, Birmingham until July 2012. They now provide grants to organisations based in and working in the West Midlands who support those under the age of twenty-five (under 25s) who are "experiencing disadvantage".

References

External links

1844 births
1924 deaths
Politicians from Birmingham, West Midlands
Liberal Unionist Party MPs for English constituencies
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1895–1900
UK MPs 1900–1906
UK MPs 1906–1910
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910–1918
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
British philanthropists


Marius Žaromskis (born July 30, 1980) is a Lithuanian professional mixed martial artist currently competing in the Welterweight division. A professional competitor since 2000, Zaromskis has formerly competed for Strikeforce, Cage Rage, Bellator, DREAM, and also fought at Dynamite!! 2010. Žaromskis won the DREAM 2009 Welterweight Grand Prix and became their inaugural Welterweight Champion.

Mixed martial arts career

Early career
Žaromskis began martial arts at around the age of 15 or 16 years old with Kyokushin Karate and kickboxing, becoming a National Youth Champion of Lithuania at both styles. Later he also took up Muay Thai before finally transitioning into mixed martial arts. He made his professional mixed martial arts debut in 2000 at age of 19, at the Knight of the Ring 6 event. Zarosmkis won his first fight against Viktoras Kontrimas and lost his second fight against Ricardas Jancevicius at that event. Žaromskis returned after five years in Essex, England, at UKMMAC 13 against Jack Mason and won by technical knockout.

Cage Rage
With a 3–1 MMA record, Žaromskis joined the Cage Rage organization in May 2006, with his first fight against Afnan Saheed. After a big combination of knees and punches from Žaromskis, the referee stopped the fight. After his successful Cage Rage debut, Žaromskis fought against Che Mills, and the fight was competitive until Mills caught Žaromskis with a knee that knocked him out. After that loss, Žaromskis returned against Dariusz Świerkosz at Cage Rage: Contenders 3 and won by submission in the first round. His next opponent was Damien Riccio, and Žaromskis knocked him down several times, but Riccio survived. In round three Žaromskis won by TKO due to a cut on Riccio's face. It is one of the most impressive fights in Cage Rage history. After his crushing victory over Riccio, Žaromskis fought Ross Mason. Žaromskis completely dominated Mason in the first two rounds and knocked him out in the third round with a flying knee. Zaromskis next opponent was Ross Pointon. The fight looked competitive in the first round, but in the second round Pointon received a large cut on his head, causing a referee stoppage, which declared Žaromskis the winner. After this series of wins, Žaromskis received a title shot at the Cage Rage British Welterweight Championship and avenge his only loss in Cage Rage fighting against Che Mills for a second time. Žaromskis dominated the first round by taking him down two times and holding top positions for most of the round, but developed a cut on his right eye during the first round and doctors stopped the fight declaring Mills the winner. Zaromskis fought for the company a total of seven times until May 2008 when it was bought by EliteXC who soon fell into bankruptcy, meaning Cage Rage ceased operations. Zaromskis had compiled a Cage Rage record of 5–2.

Return to Lithuania
After leaving Cage Rage, Žaromskis returned to fight in Lithuania. He participated in Bushido Lithuania: Hero's 2008 event against Jedrzej Kubski. Kubski desperately tried to take the fight to the ground, and Žaromskis got on top by using his takedown defense. After landing multiple unanswered punches from the top, the referee stopped the fight. With an MMA record of 9–3, all wins finished by knockout or submission, Žaromskis was the most promising Lithuanian fighter.

DREAM
In April 2009, Žaromskis was invited to participate in the DREAM Welterweight Grand Prix 2009 Tournament. At DREAM 8 Zaromskis faced Seichi Ikemoto in the quarterfinals. Žaromskis out-struck him all three rounds, earning a unanimous decision victory. In the semifinals Žaromskis faced Hayato "Mach" Sakurai, who had just come off a KO victory over WAMMA Lightweight Champion Shinya Aoki in the previous round of the tournament. A heavy underdog in the fight, Žaromskis looked comfortable exchanging with the seasoned veteran. The two exchanged relatively evenly on the feet, both showing good combinations with their straight jabs and hooks, whilst Sakurai favored leg kicks and Žaromskis chose to use high kicks while working the body with his feet. Sakurai landed one takedown and assumed the half guard position in the middle of the ring, but Žaromskis was swiftly able to rise to his feet. The bout was then temporarily halted for several minutes to clean up a cut on Sakurai's face. When the bout resumed Žaromskis came out with a renewed intensity and after a brief exchange he landed a left high kick that dropped his opponent. Žaromskis followed with punches on the ground, prompting the referee to stop the fight for the TKO victory at 4:03 of the first round. Now in the final, Žaromskis faced Jason High who had defeated Andre Galvao previously that night in the other semifinal bout. Žaromskis again won in spectacular fashion, knocking out his opponent with a head kick at 2:22 of the first round crowning him the 2009 Welterweight Grand Prix Champion and the inaugural DREAM Welterweight Champion.

At DREAM 12, the event which marked the first time DREAM used a hexagonal cage for instead of a ring, Žaromskis met Korean Myeon Ho Bae in a non-title fight. Coming out from the opening bell aggressively, Žaromskis was caught by a right hand which backed him up for a few seconds until connecting a flush left high kick to the head of his opponent at 0:19 of the first round to knockout his opponent. It marked his third consecutive win via KO in just the first round.

Žaromskis successfully defended his DREAM Welterweight Championship against Kazushi Sakuraba at Dynamite!! 2010 on December 31, 2010. The fight was stopped early into the first round by doctors when it appears Žaromskis' strikes had partially torn Sakuraba's ear from his head.

Žaromskis was set to fight at DREAM 17 in a rematch with Hayato Sakurai, in a non-title fight, but an unspecified leg injury forced Sakurai out of the bout and he was replaced by Eiji Ishikawa. Ishikawa had won his last seven of nine fights before facing Žaromskis. Ishikawa was out-struck for almost all three rounds and was almost finished several times, but he was able to survive, eventually losing a unanimous decision.

Strikeforce
It was announced on October 31 that Žaromskis had signed a multi fight contract with North American promotion Strikeforce and would still be under contract for DREAM as well due to the organizations' alliance.

Žaromskis had five wins in a row, including the previous three via head kick KO. For this, he earned a fight against Nick Diaz for the inaugural Strikeforce Welterweight Championship at Strikeforce: Miami on January 30, 2010. After rocking Diaz earlier, Žaromskis ran into a straight right hand and lost via TKO at 4:38 of round one.

Žaromskis next fought Evangelista Santos at Strikeforce: Los Angeles. From the start of the fight, it was obvious that Cyborg had a size advantage over Žaromskis. Žaromskis lost by TKO at 2:38 in the first round.

After this, Žaromskis faced Waachiim Spiritwolf at Strikeforce Challengers: Wilcox vs. Ribeiro. Žaromskis started aggressive by attempting a flying knee, but as a result he accidentally poked Spiritwolf's eye and he was unable to continue resulting in a NC.

Bellator MMA
On February 24, 2012, it was announced that Žaromskis had signed a multi-fight deal with Bellator.  In his first fight for the promotion, Žaromskis faced Waachiim Spiritwolf in a rematch. Spiritwolf weighed in a-pound-and-a-half overweight and was therefore forced to forfeit part of his purse. Once again, the contest between the two ended in controversy as the doctor stopped the fight between rounds two and three due to a cut suffered by Spiritwolf, giving Žaromskis the TKO win.

Due to the controversial nature of this stoppage, Žaromskis and Waachiim Spiritwolf had a rematch – the third fight between the two – at Bellator 72.  He won the fight via split decision.

Zaromskis then faced Canadian contender Nordine Taleb at Bellator 74 in the first round of the new Welterweight Tournament on September 28, 2012, in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He won the fight via unanimous decision. In the semifinals, Zaromskis was TKO'd in the first round of his bout against Andrey Koreshkov.

Zaromskis entered the Bellator Season Eight Welterweight Tournament opening round against Brent Weedman. He lost via unanimous decision.

After over a year away from the sport, Zaromskis returned to Bellator and faced Vaughn Anderson at Bellator 119 on May 9, 2014. He won the fight via unanimous decision.

Žaromskis was expected to face Karo Parisyan on October 3, 2014, at Bellator 127. However, Žaromskis was pulled from the bout to fight at another date, as a result, Parisyan faced Fernando Gonzalez.

Žaromskis faced Fernando Gonzalez at Bellator 132 on January 16, 2015. He lost the fight by unanimous decision.

Post-Bellator career
After the seven-fight stint in Bellator and a four-year hiatus from professional MMA competition, Žaromskis faced Aliaksandr Danilchenko at Bushido FC: Bushido Vilnius 2019 on May 3, 2019. He won the fight via first-round knockout.

Žaromskis then signed a contract with KSW and was scheduled to make his promotional debut against Roberto Soldić at KSW 53 on March 21, 2020. However, the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the bout was scrapped.

Žaromskis faced Andrzej Grzebyk at KSW 56 on November 14, 2020. Marius won the fight after Andrzej broke his leg on a checked kick, rendering him unable to continue.

Žaromskis rematched Andrzej Grzebyk on July 17, 2021, at KSW 62: Kołecki vs. Szostak. He lost the bout via TKO in the first round.

Championships and Accomplishments
DREAM
DREAM Welterweight Championship (One time, last)
2009 DREAM Welterweight Grand Prix Champion

Fight Matrix
2009 Most Lopsided Upset of the Year vs. Hayato Sakurai on July 20

Mixed martial arts record

|-
| Loss
| align=center| 23–10 (1)
| Andrzej Grzebyk
| KO (punches)
| KSW 62: Kołecki vs. Szostak
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:11
|Warszawa, Poland
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 23–9 (1)
| Andrzej Grzebyk
| TKO (leg injury)
|KSW 56: Materla vs. Soldić
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|4:58
|Łódź, Poland
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 22–9 (1)
| Aliaksandr Danilchenko
| TKO (punches)
| MMA Bushido 77 – Fighting Championship in Vilnius
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:05
| Vilnius, Lithuania
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 21–9 (1)
| Fernando Gonzalez
| Decision (unanimous)
| Bellator 132
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Temecula, California
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 21–8 (1)
| Vaughn Anderson
| Decision (unanimous)
| Bellator 119
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Rama, Ontario Canada
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 20–8 (1)
| Brent Weedman
| Decision (unanimous)
| Bellator 86
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Thackerville, Oklahoma, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 20–7 (1)
| Andrey Koreshkov
| KO (punches)
| Bellator 78
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:14
| Dayton, Ohio, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 20–6 (1)
| Nordine Taleb
| Decision (unanimous)
| Bellator 74
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 19–6 (1)
| Waachiim Spiritwolf
| Decision (split)
| Bellator 72
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Tampa, Florida, United States
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 18–6 (1)
| Waachiim Spiritwolf
| TKO (doctor stoppage)
| Bellator 68
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 17–6 (1)
| Bruno Carvalho
| KO (somersault kick, elbows and punches)
| Rumble of the Kings
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:59
| Stockholm, Sweden
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 16–6 (1)
| Eiji Ishikawa
| Decision (unanimous)
| DREAM: Japan GP Final
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
|  Loss
| align=center| 15–6 (1)
| Jordan Mein
| Decision (unanimous)
| Score Fighting Series: Mein vs. Zaromskis
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 15–5 (1)
| Kazushi Sakuraba
| TKO (doctor stoppage)
| Dynamite!! 2010
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:16
| Saitama, Saitama, Japan
|
|-
| NC
| align=center| 14–5 (1)
| Waachiim Spiritwolf
| No contest
| Strikeforce Challengers: Wilcox vs. Ribeiro
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:06
| Jackson, Mississippi, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 14–5
| Evangelista Santos
| TKO (punches)
| Strikeforce: Los Angeles
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:38
| Los Angeles, California, United States
|
|-
|  Loss
| align=center| 14–4
| Nick Diaz
| TKO (punches)
| Strikeforce: Miami
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:38
| Sunrise, Florida, United States
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 14–3
| Ho Bae Myeong
| KO (head kick)
| DREAM 12
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:19
| Osaka, Japan
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 13–3
| Jason High
| KO (head kick)
| DREAM 10
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:22
| Saitama, Japan
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 12–3
| Hayato Sakurai
| KO (head kick and punches)
| DREAM 10
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:03
| Saitama, Japan
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 11–3
| Seichi Ikemoto
| Decision (unanimous)
| DREAM 8
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Nagoya, Japan
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 10–3
| Jedrzej Kubski
| KO (punches)
| Bushido Lithuania: Hero's 2008
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:50
| Vilnius, Lithuania
|
|-
|  Loss
| align=center| 9–3
| Che Mills
| TKO (doctor stoppage)
| Cage Rage 26
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 5:00
| London, England
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 9–2
| Ross Pointon
| TKO (doctor stoppage)
| Cage Rage 24
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 3:39
| London, England
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 8–2
| Ross Mason
| KO (flying knee)
| Cage Rage 22
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 2:03
| England
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 7–2
| Damien Riccio
| TKO (Head kick & punches)
| Cage Rage 20
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 4:30
| London, England
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 6–2
| Dariusz Świerkosz
| Submission (triangle choke)
| Cage Rage Contenders 3
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| N/A
| London, England
|
|-
|  Loss
| align=center| 5–2
| Che Mills
| KO (knee)
| Cage Rage Contenders 2
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:49
| South London, England
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 5–1
| Afnan Saheed
| TKO (punches)
| Cage Rage Contenders
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:21
| London, England
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 4–1
| Scott Pickering
| KO (head kick)
| Cage Warriors 20:Enter the Wolfslair
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 1:35
| London, England
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 3–1
| Kazys Grigaliunas
| KO (punches)
| ZT: Fight Night
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:57
| London, England
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 2–1
| Jack Mason
| KO (Punches)
| UKMMAC 13: Warriors Return
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:18
| Essex, England
|
|-
|  Loss
| align=center| 1–1
| Ricardas Jancevicius
| Decision (unanimous)
| Knight of the Ring 6
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Šiauliai, Lithuania
|
|-
|  Win
| align=center| 1–0
| Viktoras Kontrimas
| KO (Head kick)
| Knight of the Ring 6
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 0:23
| Šiauliai, Lithuania
|

Submission grappling record
KO PUNCHES
|- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Result
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Opponent
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Method
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Event
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Date
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Round
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Time
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Notes
|-
|Draw|| Marcin Held || Draw || Quintet || April 11, 2018|| 1|| 10:00||

See also
 List of current KSW fighters
 List of male mixed martial artists

References

External links

1980 births
Dream (mixed martial arts) champions
Living people
Lithuanian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Lithuanian expatriate sportspeople in the United Kingdom
Lithuanian male mixed martial artists
Lithuanian male karateka
Lithuanian Muay Thai practitioners
Lithuanian practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Mixed martial artists utilizing Kyokushin kaikan
Mixed martial artists utilizing Muay Thai
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Sportspeople from Šiauliai
Welterweight mixed martial artists


The discography of Rocket from the Crypt, a San Diego-based alternative rock band active from 1990 to 2005, consists of seven studio albums, two EPs, one live album, two DVDs, twenty-eight singles, and eight music videos.

Rocket from the Crypt was formed in 1990 with an initial lineup of singer/guitarist John Reis (Speedo), guitarist Andy Stamets (ND), bassist Pete Reichert (Petey X), drummer Sean, and backing vocalist Elaina. Their debut album, Paint as a Fragrance, was released in 1991 through the Cargo Music imprint Headhunter Records. Sean and Elaina then moved away from San Diego and drummer Adam Willard (Atom) and saxophonist Paul O'Beirne (Apollo 9) joined. The band released a series of vinyl singles on various independent record labels, followed by their second album, Circa: Now!, on Headhunter in 1992. Trumpeter Jason Crane (JC 2000) joined the band just as Circa: Now! attracted the attention of major record labels. Rocket from the Crypt signed with Interscope Records, who re-released Circa: Now! while Cargo released All Systems Go, a compilation album of the band's vinyl singles.

The band's contract with Interscope included the freedom to record vinyl releases for other labels. They had three releases in 1995: The EP The State of Art is on Fire, the LP Hot Charity, and the album Scream, Dracula, Scream! The singles "Born in '69" and "Young Livers" reached the UK Singles Chart at #68 and #67 respectively. "On a Rope" was a greater success, reaching #12. Music videos for all three singles were played on MTV and MTV Europe, and Scream, Dracula, Scream! peaked at #41 on the UK Albums Chart. RFTC was released in 1998 but did not fare as well as its predecessor, reaching only #63 while its lead single "Lipstick" reached #64. Rocket from the Crypt left Interscope in 1999 and released the EP Cut Carefully and Play Loud independently. Disagreements over the band's direction led to Willard leaving the group, and the band took a hiatus during which Reis founded Swami Records and released All Systems Go 2.

Rocket from the Crypt next signed to Vagrant Records and released Group Sounds in 2001, including contributions from Superchunk drummer Jon Wurster as well as their new permanent drummer Mario Rubalcaba (Ruby Mars). Group Sounds was their first album to chart in their home country, reaching #40 on Billboard's Top Independent Albums chart. Live from Camp X-Ray followed in 2002 and reached #45. It proved to be their final studio album, as the members drifted into other projects over the next few years and decided to disband. Rocket from the Crypt's final performance on Halloween 2005 in San Diego was filmed and recorded, and was released in 2008 as R.I.P. All Systems Go 3 followed that same year, and Reis plans to eventually release a fourth, final installment in the series.  In October 2011 the band reunited for the children's television Yo Gabba Gabba! where they would perform a brand new song titled "He's a Chef" which was released as a limited edition single exclusively through Volcom clothing stores and later on the 2017 compilation Yo Gabba Gabba! Hey!. A reunion tour followed in 2012. In March 2015 Vintage Piss was released under Sonny Vincent and Rocket from the Crypt. Rocket from the Crypt, minus the horn section, served as Vincent's backing band. The album was originally recorded in 2003 but left unmixed and unfinished until Reis, who also produced the album, decided to go back and give the album a proper mixing and release

Studio albums

I Circa: Now! was reissued on CD by Interscope in 1993, and again in 2004 by Swami as Circa: Now! +4.

II Hot Charity was reissued on CD by Swami in 2002 on the compilation album Hot Charity / Cut Carefully and Play Loud.

III Despite its title, Live from Camp X-Ray is a studio album rather than a live album.

Live album

I R.I.P. is a CD/DVD combination package.

Compilation albums

I All Systems Go was initially released only in Japan. A second version with a different track list was released in the United States by Cargo Music later the same year. This version was re-released by Sympathy for the Record Industry in 1998.

II Hot Charity / Cut Carefully and Play Loud combines the LP Hot Charity and the EP Cut Carefully and Play Loud.

Extended plays

I The State of Art Is on Fire was reissued on CD in 1996, including the tracks from Rocket from the Crypt Plays the Music Machine.

II Cut Carefully and Play Loud was reissued on CD by Swami in 2002 on the compilation album Hot Charity / Cut Carefully and Play Loud.

Singles
Rocket from the Crypt released 28 singles on both vinyl and CD formats during their career, but only 6 of these were commercially released singles intended to promote specific songs from their albums. The remaining 22 were vinyl-only singles and are listed below under "Vinyl singles". Promotional singles of "Ditch Digger" and "Sturdy Wrists" from Circa: Now! were released to radio stations for airplay, but these were not released as commercial singles.

Vinyl singles
Rocket from the Crypt released 22 singles during their career that were exclusive to the vinyl format. Most of these were released in limited numbers and were not distributed to radio stations for airplay, unlike the 6 singles which were released to promote specific songs from their studio albums. Many of the tracks from the vinyl singles were re-released on the All Systems Go compilation albums, as noted below.

I Denotes songs that were re-released on the US version of All Systems Go.

II Denotes songs that were re-released on All Systems Go 2.

Video albums

I RFTC 10/31/05 is a "rough cut" version of R.I.P. released in limited quantities.

II R.I.P. is a CD/DVD combination package.

Music videos

Other appearances
The following Rocket from the Crypt songs were released on compilation albums, soundtracks, and other releases. Some songs were later re-released on the All Systems Go compilation albums, as noted below. This is not an exhaustive list: songs that were first released on the band's albums, EPs, or singles are not included.

I Denotes songs that were re-released on All Systems Go 2.

II Denotes songs that were re-released on All Systems Go 3.

III "Flight of the Hobo" was also released on Circa: Now! +4 later the same year.

IV Originally recorded in 2003 but never mixed or finished. The band, minus the horn section, serves as Vincent's backing band. Reis went back and mixed and completed the album in 2015.

References

General references

Notes

External links

Discography
Rock music group discographies
Discographies of American artists


Sharlto Copley (born 27 November 1973) is a South African actor. His acting credits include roles in the Academy Award-nominated science fiction film District 9, the 2010 adaptation of The A-Team, the science fiction film Elysium, the science fiction horror film Europa Report and the dark fantasy adventure film Maleficent. He also played the title character in the science fiction film Chappie, Jimmy in Hardcore Henry, and starred in two seasons as Christian Walker of the TV series Powers. Copley is married to fellow South African actress and supermodel Tanit Phoenix.

Early life
Sharlto Copley was born in Johannesburg and educated at St. Andrew's Preparatory School in Grahamstown and Redhill School in Morningside, Johannesburg. His father is Dr. Bruce Copley, a former university professor. His brother, Donovan, is the lead singer of the Cape Town band Hot Water.

Career

Shortly after leaving high school, Copley met Neill Blomkamp, who is six years his junior. Copley allowed Blomkamp to use computers at his production company to help the company pitch various projects and allow Blomkamp to pursue his passion and talent for 3D animation and design.

In Blomkamp's District 9 (2009), Copley played the lead role of Wikus van der Merwe, an Afrikaner bureaucrat assigned to move a race of extraterrestrial creatures stranded on Earth. In the film, the aliens, popularly and derogatorily referred to as "prawns", must be moved from District 9, a military-guarded slum in Johannesburg, South Africa, to an internment camp outside the city. Copley improvised all of his dialogue. At the 2009 IGN Summer Movie awards, Copley won Favorite Hero  and Best Performance.

In 2010 Copley produced, wrote, and directed an insert for the South African Film and Television Awards called "Wikus and Charlize", featuring fellow South African star Charlize Theron. The clip features Copley as Wikus attempting to track down Charlize Theron in Hollywood to help him present the Award for Best Afrikaans Pop album.

Copley then starred alongside Liam Neeson, Bradley Cooper, and Quinton "Rampage" Jackson in the feature film adaptation of The A-Team, which was produced by Ridley Scott and Tony Scott. Copley used a Southern American dialect for his portrayal of A-Team member H. M. Murdock, and employed other dialects, including Scottish, English, Australian and his native South African, as part of the character's rapid-fire style. Dwight Schultz, who played Murdock in the original TV series, praised Copley's performance and said Copley was the only actor he knew of who was "true to his character."

Copley guest-co-hosted WWE Raw on 7 June 2010, along with his A-Team co-stars Cooper and Jackson.

In 2013, Copley played fictional astronaut James Corrigan in Europa Report, the story of a crew of international astronauts sent on a private mission to Jupiter's fourth moon. The same year, Copley portrayed the villain Agent Kruger in Elysium, a science fiction film written and directed by Blomkamp, starring Matt Damon and Jodie Foster.

Copley played villain Adrian Pryce in Spike Lee's Oldboy, a remake of the 2003 South Korean film of the same name. He also starred opposite Angelina Jolie in the 2014 Disney film Maleficent and played King Stefan, Princess Aurora's father. He also provided the voice, reference work, and interaction with the cast as Chappie, the titular character of the 2015 film Chappie, also directed by Neill Blomkamp.

In 2015, Copley was announced to star as Christian Walker in the superhero TV series Powers. He later provided the voiceover for the e-tron GT concept promotional video by Audi Sport GmbH.

Also in 2015, Copley played the supporting character Jimmy in the film Hardcore Henry.

In March 2018, Copley starred in the crime comedy film Gringo as Mitch Rusk. Copley portrayed the titular character of a biographical film about Ted Kaczynski titled Ted K.

Personal life
Copley has been in a relationship with actress and supermodel Tanit Phoenix since January 2012. They wed on 15 February 2016, in Cape Town, South Africa. The couple have a daughter together.

As of 2010, Copley resided in Cape Town and Los Angeles.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Web

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Living people
1973 births
21st-century South African male actors
Male actors from Johannesburg
South African expatriates in the United States
South African male film actors
South African male television actors
White South African people


Aizpute Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality, Latvia.  The parish has a population of 1003 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 88.9 km2.

Villages of Aizpute parish
 Dubeņmuiža
 Ievade
 Kūdra
 Lavīži
 Mangaļi
 Marijas
 Padure
 Rokasbirze

South Kurzeme Municipality
Parishes of Latvia
Courland


Bārta Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 683 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 115.6 km2.

Villages of Bārta parish
 Bārta
 Krūte
 Ķīburi
 Plosti

References

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Bunka Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 980 (as of 1/07/2013) and covers an area of 110.85 km2.

Villages of Bunka parish
 Bunka
 Krote
 Tadaiķi

References

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Cīrava Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality, Latvia.  The parish has a population of 1285 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 131.6 km2.

Villages of Cīrava parish
 Akmene
 Cīrava
 Dzērve (Dzērves skola)
 Dzērvenieki
 Marijas

See also
 Cīrava Palace
 Dzērve Manor
 Ķintu well

External links
 Cīrava parish in Latvian

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Dunalka Parish () is one of the administrative territories of South Kurzeme Municipality, in Latvia. On 1 July 2010, the parish had a population of 802. It covers an area of 87.5 km2. It is bordered by the parishes of Tadaiķi, Durbe, Vecpils, Medze, Vērgale, Saka, Cīrava and Aizpute. The center of the parish is Dunalka.

Villages of Dunalka parish
 Dunalka
 Dunalkas skola
 Dupļi
 Rāva

See also
 Dunalka Manor
 Dunalka Old Manor

External links
 Dunalka parish in Latvian

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Dunika Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality, Latvia. The parish has a population of 749 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 210.5 km2.

Villages of Dunika Parish

External links

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Embūte Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 414 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 117.6 km2.

Villages of Embūte parish
 Dēsele
 Dinsdurbe
 Embūte
 Vībiņi

See also
 Embūte castle

References

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Gavieze Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 925 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 128.9 km2.

Villages of Gavieze parish
 Gavieze
 Gaviezes stacija
 Kradzes
 Mazgavieze
 Susta
 Vārtāja

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Marko Lihteneker (September 21, 1959 – May 5, 2005) was a Slovenian ski mountaineer and mountain climber.

Lihteneker, at this time member of the GRS Celje took part in the 2004 World Championship of Ski Mountaineering in Aran Valley, where he placed sixth in the relay race event together with Tone Karničar, Žiga Karničar and Jernej Karničar. In May 2005, Lihteneker died in part due to oxygen problems around  on his descent of Mount Everest after leaving the last camp. He was last seen alive a few metres from the summit, when he tried to solve problems with his oxygen system. His body was found by Chinese porters. The Memorial Staneta Veninška in Marka Lihtenekerja race is named to honour him.

See also

List of people who died climbing Mount Everest

References

1959 births
2005 deaths
Slovenian male ski mountaineers
Slovenian mountain climbers
Mountaineering deaths on Mount Everest


Gramzda Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 732 (as of 1/07/2013) and covers an area of 84.69 km2.

Villages of Gramzda parish
 Aizvīķi
 Dāma
 Gramzda
 Laukmuiža
 Mazdāma

References

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Grobiņa Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 2,836 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of .

Villages of Grobiņa parish

 Ālande
 Āres
 Cimdenieki
 Dubeņi
 Gūžas
 Iļģi
 Keramika
 Robežnieki
 Rolava
 Tilti
 Vītiņi

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


This is a list of the Lebanon national football team results from 2010 to 2019.

Lebanon missed out the World Cups in 2010, 2014 and 2018, as well as the Asian Cups of 2011 and 2015; the team, however, managed to qualify for the 2019 Asian Cup for the first time in history (with the only other previous experience in the Asian Cup being in 2000, when Lebanon hosted the event). They managed their first ever victory in the competition on 17 January 2019, with a 4–1 win over North Korea. However, it would not be enough to qualify Lebanon to the knock-out stages of the tournament.

The national team also went through both its worst and best rankings in history: 178th, from April to May 2011, and 77th, in September 2018.

Results

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Notes

References

External links
 Lebanon results and fixtures on FA Lebanon
 Lebanon results on RSSSF

2010s in Lebanese sport
2010-19


Alojzy is a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Alojzy Ehrlich (1914–1992), also called "King of the Chiselers," Polish table tennis legend
Alojzy Feliński (1771–1820), Polish writer
Alojzy Gonzaga Jazon Żółkowski, Ziółkowski (1814–1889), Polish actor and singer, one of the most prominent Polish comedians
Alojzy Lysko (born 1942), Polish politician
Alojzy Wir-Konas (1894–1940), Polish military commander and a Colonel of the Polish Army
Andrzej Alojzy Ankwicz (1777–1838), the Roman Catholic archbishop of Prague from 1833 to 1838
Fortunat Alojzy Gonzaga Żółkowski, Ziółkowski (1777–1822), Polish actor, comedist, adaptor, translator, and editor of humour magazines

Polish masculine given names
Masculine given names


The Planters' Protective Association (1904–1908) was an agrarian organization formed in the Kentucky and Tennessee "Black Patch" dedicated to fair business and the protection of farmers' economic interests in light of the market dominance of the American Tobacco Company.

In September 1904, following the threat of economic ruin as tobacco prices fell below the cost of production, white farmers in the region formed the Planters’ Protective Association. Representatives of the American Tobacco Company refused to negotiate with the leaders of the Association, asserting they lacked any feasible legal authority. Between 1906 and 1908, then, masked bands of Night Riders adopted a policy of vandalism and terrorism. These riders dynamited factories, set fire to trust warehouses, and destroyed thousands of dollars of property belonging to the tobacco monopoly in what would be later referred to as the "Great Tobacco Strike of the Century."

Background

Southern Progressivism

By the early 20th century, following the expansion of Northeastern corporations into the Southern states, discontented farmers were united under the common goals of social and economic reform. Envisioning the corporate enterprises of the Northeast as a common threat – together with their myriad agents, insurance companies, oil trusts, lumber outfits, and railroads – Southern progressivism sought to "bust the trusts" and weaken the economic influence of the monopolies through the regulation of labor and franchise laws.

In the very soil that had nourished the Populist movement of the 1880s and 1890s, Southern progressivism connected with farmers, middle class workers, and small businessmen. While Southern reformists had historically been urban and middle class in nature, the growing pressures of monopoly and economic manipulation resulted in the political union between discontented farmers and middle class businessmen. "A new South has arisen, a South that is made up of young, progressive and wide-awake men," Alabama reformist Joseph Manning told a Northern newspaper in the late 1890s. "Now we have got to get a new regime in office, new blood, new brains; got to change the whole system and whole spirit of the South…"

The first Southern movement of the early 1900s to make a determined fight against economic manipulation ended in assassination. Led by Governor William Goebel, this campaign against the Louisville and Nashville Railroad marked an attempt to secure labor and franchise laws in Kentucky, and to call for the taxation of hidden railway capital. Goebel toured the state, rallying white, progressive-minded farmers to join him in his call for "the Louisville and Nashville [to become] the servant instead of the master of Kentucky." In January 1900, Goebel was shot and killed by an assassin whose identity was never determined. This left the progressive movement in Kentucky and Tennessee without an organized leader. For the next several years, the trusts in the region – most notably, capitalist Washington Duke's American Tobacco Company – operated with little organized opposition.

Planters’ Protective Association, 1904-1908

Creation

A region in Kentucky and Tennessee between Paducah and Nashville, the Black Patch is noted for the cultivation of its dark, heavy variety of tobacco. In 1904, Felix G. Ewing, a wealthy planter of Cedar Hill, in Robertson County, Tennessee, campaigned throughout the Black Patch calling for downtrodden tobacco farmers to join him in his crusade to become "apostles of the new idea." On September 24, 1904, a meeting was called to convene at Guthrie, Todd County, on the Kentucky-Tennessee line, where some 6,000 farmers assembled. Before the day ended the Planters’ Protective Association was organized.

The American Tobacco Company and economic manipulation

Farmers had been suffering financially for several months as tobacco prices fell below the cost of production in 1903. They were subject to conditions so deplorable that "many producers were compelled to sell tobacco at prices which returned them thirty cents a day" in a time when the average income for Southern tobacco farmers was upwards of $3.00. While some farmers speculated that this was due to overproduction of the region's cash-crop, dark-fried tobacco, the vast majority asserted that the real problem rested with the American Tobacco Company. The primary buyers of dark tobacco grown along the Kentucky-Tennessee border were representatives of the ATC and companies financed by the Italian government's tobacco monopoly, the Italian Regie. Representatives of the Planters’ Protection Association charged that these two companies had an agreement not to bid against one another. Agents of the Association gradually infiltrated local trust syndicates in the area between 1904 and 1905, and confirmed these speculations.

Formed in 1890, the American Tobacco Company, headed by North Carolina entrepreneur George Washington Duke, underwent a period of rapid expansion throughout the early 20th century. Due to technological advancements that allowed the production of machine-rolled cigarettes and cigars, the American Tobacco Company would be capitalized in excess of $235,000,000 by 1906. As the "Duke Trust" assumed control of the market, it subjected the "ignorant, illiterate, tenant-farmers" that had poured into the Black Patch to raise tobacco on share leases to precarious conditions. The company-owned shanties were in constant disrepair, characterized by "chipped paint, broken chimneys, and rotting doorjambs." Moreover, as middlemen and independent buyers were cut to a minimum and representatives of the ATC began buying directly from farmers, all competition in the market was eliminated.

Expansion and popularity

As early as 1901 the possible benefits of tobacco pooling – in which entire crops were to remain unsold in an attempt to pressure the market into higher tobacco prices – were frequent topics of discussion. In the early 1900s, wholesale prices of the Hopkinsville leaf, a dark type, sold as low as four to six cents a pound. The American Society of Equity, in the meantime, had commenced to penetrate the tobacco areas of Kentucky and Tennessee and once again some of the most influential planters in the region talked of the possibilities of cooperative action. Operating on the theory that agricultural producers were not receiving an equitable price for their products, the American Society of Equity conceived the idea of organizing the farmers to place a price on all products of the "farm and orchard." The leaders of this organization predicted that the farmers, if properly organized, could wield a power comparable to that of the organized labor unions in the cities. Riding on the popularity of the American Society of Equity, the Planters’ Protective Association, at its peak in 1905, was estimated to have some 30,000 members in western Kentucky and Tennessee.

Decline

By 1908, much of the vigor and determination that went into the organization of the Association gradually died out due to a combination of internal and external complications. Most notably, the unfavorable land tenure system, the indolent and indifferent farmer, financial inability, and trust opposition all succeeded in the delay of progressive action. One of the most discouraging obstacles that the Association faced was the independent farmer who asserted his independence by refusing to join the association. These nonmembers, or "hillbillies," believed a better price could be obtained by refusing to join the association, and, in many instances, actually succeeded in obtaining significantly higher prices from the ATC representatives due to the shortage of tobacco. One representative of the American Tobacco Company remarked: "What is the use of going into the association? We will give you as good and better prices than they can get for you and there will be no commissions or expenses. Sell to us direct, here is the cash for you now!" Consequently, this refusal of cooperation would ultimately result in the deterioration of the public's opinion of the Planters’ Protective Association.

Black Patch War, 1906–1908

Convinced of the futility of the Planters’ Protective Association's peaceful attempts at cooperation, the suggestion of violent action commenced to take hold in the minds of many of the more desperate, downtrodden farmers. "There existed, therefore, a deep-seated sense of grievance and injury," commented the progressive publication World's Work. "The farmers led to regard themselves as victims of organized and legalized plunder grew reckless in speech and bitter in spirit. Protests were futile, the courts no longer offered hope of redress. Organized opposition was the last resource." Consequently, angered by the rogue farmers that refused to cooperate with the Association, masked bands of night-riders – known as the "Silent Brigade" – "proceeded to organize secret bands, first to threaten him [the nonmember], next to destroy his property, finally to whip him, and if need were, to kill him." In what would later be called the Black Patch War, between 1906 and 1908, night-riding and vigilantism became a stark reality in the Black Patch badlands of Kentucky and Tennessee.

References

Bibliography

Tobacco in the United States
History of Kentucky
History of Tennessee
History of the Southern United States


Uganda Management Institute (UMI) is a government-owned national center for training, research, and consultancy in the field of management and administration in Uganda. It is one of the nine public universities and degree-awarding institutions in the country outside the military.

Location
UMI is located on the Kampala-Jinja Highway, approximately  east of the central business district, in Kampala, Uganda's largest and capital city. The geographical coordinates of UMI are: 0°19'16.0"N, 32°35'52.0"E
(Latitude:0.321111; Longitude:32.597778).

History
UMI began training operations in 1968 under the name Uganda Institute of Public Administration. The official opening of UMI was held on 7 October 1969. In the initial years, UMI was mandated to conduct intensive in-service training to quickly develop a cadre of Africans to assume higher responsibilities upon the attainment of independence in 1962.

In the early 1970s, UMI became affiliated with Makerere University, offering postgraduate diplomas in public administration and business management. The postgraduate diploma in human resource management was introduced in the mid 1980s.

Before 1992, the Institute of Public Administration operated as a department of the Ministry of Public Service. This status changed with the enactment of the Uganda Management Institute Statute of 1992. The statute conferred an agency status to UMI with a great degree of autonomy under a governing board. The programs of UMI were expanded and student intake increased. By 1999, UMI was offering a master's degree in management studies besides six postgraduate diplomas, certificate courses, and short courses.

Schools
As of July 2014, UMI was structured into the following schools:

 School of Civil Service, Public Administration and Governance
 School of Business and Management
 School for Distance Learning and Information Technology
 School of Management Sciences
 Regional Centres; at Gulu, Mbale and Mbarara

Outreach centers
UMI maintains an outreach center in the western Ugandan city of Mbarara,  west of Kampala. The center is located in the Mbarara District Administration Building at Kamukuzi, Mbarara and offers various short courses and postgraduate diploma programs. Using state-of-the-art pedagogical technology, the center is linked to the main UMI campus in Kampala via a virtual face-to-face video conferencing facility that complements well with the programme delivery methods. In 2008, UMI established an outreach center in the city of Gulu in the Northern Region of Uganda. A third outreach center is located in the town of Mbale in the Eastern Region of Uganda, approximately  by road northeast of Kampala.

Programs
UMI offers the following courses at the main campus in Kampala. Some of the courses are also offered at the three outreach centers.

 Philosophy in Management and Administration

 Business Administration
 Education Administration & Human Resource Development
 Masters in Education Leadership and Management
 Masters in Higher Education Management and Administration
 Institutional Management And Leadership
 Management Studies
 Non-Governmental Organizations Management
 Policy Development And Analysis
 Public Administration
 Public Procurement Management
 Supply Chain Management

 Business Administration
 Business Computing And Management
 Diplomacy and International Relations Management
 Education Leadership And Management
 Financial Management
 Financial Management -Distance Learning
 Fundraising and Resource Mobilisation
 Health Services Management And Administration
 Higher Education Leadership And Management
 Human Resource Management
 Information Security Management
 Information Systems Management
 Information Technology
 Journalism and Communication Management
 Logistics and Transport Management
 Management
 Marketing Management
 Monitoring and Evaluation
 Monitoring and Evaluation -Distance Learning
 Organizational Development
 Procurement and Supply Chain Management
 Project Planning and Management
 Project Planning and Management –Distance Learning
 Public Administration And Management
 Public Administration And Management (Distance Learning)
 Urban Governance And Management

 Public Administration and Community Development
 Public Procurement And Contract Management
 Records And Information Management

 Certified Public Accountants
 Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport
 Chartered Institute of Marketing
 Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply
 Chartered Institute of Public Relations
 Project Management Professional

See also
 List of Business Schools in Uganda
 List of universities in Uganda
 Education in Uganda

References

External links
  Uganda Management Institute Homepage

Uganda Management Institute
Educational institutions established in 1968
Organisations based in Kampala
Kampala Central Division
1968 establishments in Uganda
Business schools in Uganda


Avilés is a city in Asturias, Spain.

Avilés may refer to:

 Avilés (surname)
 Avilés (Asturian comarca), one of eight comarcas of Asturias, Spain
 Avilés (parish), one of six civil parishes in Avilés, Asturias, Spain

See also
Real Avilés Industrial, a Spanish football team
José María Avilés Province, in the western parts of Tarija department


Kalēti Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 713 (as of 1/07/2013) and covers an area of 79.78 km2.

Villages of Kalēti parish
 Kalēti
 Meiri
 Ozoli
 Upesmuiža

External links
 Kalēti parish in Latvian

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Kalvene Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality, Latvia.  The parish has a population of 803 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 118.9 km2.

History
On the territory of present Kalvene parish there were historically Kalwen manor, Krussat-Drogen manor, Groß-Drogen manor, Tels-Paddern manor house, Perbohn manor.

In 1935, the area of Kalvene parish (till 1925, Tashu-Padure parish) was 134 km2. In 1945 the village councils of Kalvene, Boja and Lieldrog were established, but in 1949 the villages were dissolved. In 1954 the village of Lieldrog was added to Kalvene village, in 1958 the territory of Kazdanga village collective farm "Tebra", in 1968 part of Vecpils and Krote village collective farm "Friendship". In 1990 the village was reorganized into a parish. In 2009, Kalvene rural municipality was included in Aizpute municipality as an administrative territory.

Villages of Kalvene parish
 Kalvene (Tāšu Padure)
 Kalvenes stacija
 Krusāta
 Pērbone
 Rudbāržu stacija

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Kazdanga Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality, Latvia.  The parish covers an area of .

Villages of Kazdanga parish

 Bojas
 Cildi
 Kannenieki
 Kapši
 Kazdanga
 Mazbojas
 Rokaiži
 Tebras
 Valata
 Vecpils
 Ziemciems

See also
 Kazdanga palace
 Boja Manor

References

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Laža Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality, Latvia.  The parish has a population of 662 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 160.1 km2.

Villages of Laža parish
 Apriķi
 Lanksēži
 Mežgaļi
 Padure (Aizputes Padure)
 Štakeldanga
 Tebras

See also
 Apriķi Manor

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Medze Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 1558 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 109.2 km2.

Parish center - Kapsēde.

Villages of Medze parish
 Ievkalni
 Kapsēde
 Medzes muiža
 Piņķi
 Plienkalni (Kapsēdes stacija)
 Stirnas
 Šķēde
 Tāši

History

Medzes parish was formed around 1900. In 2009 Medzes parish was included in the administrative Grobiņa Municipality.

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Nīca Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 2,896 (as of January 7, 2010) and covers an area of .

Villages of Nīca parish

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Raczyński or Raczynski is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksander Raczyński (1822–1889), Polish portrait painter
Bogdan Raczynski, Canada-based braindance artist
Edward Aleksander Raczyński (1847–1926), Polish nobleman, patron of arts
Edward Bernard Raczyński (1891–1993), Polish aristocrat, diplomat, writer, politician and President of Poland in exile (1979–1986)
Edward Raczyński (1786–1845) (1786–1845), Polish conservative politician, protector of arts, founder of the Raczyński Library in Poznań
Nicole Raczynski (born 1980), American professional wrestler
Zdzislaw Raczyński (born 1959), Polish diplomat, novelist and journalist
Raczyński Library in Poznań, founded by Edward Raczyński (1786–1845), in Poznań


Vadsco Sales was a holding company for makers of perfumes, toiletries, drugs, etc., which was formed in New York City in the 1920s. V. Vivaudou, an auto company, and perfume manufacturer, was one of its subsidiaries. The Vadsco Sales Corporation was a consolidation (business) of
V. Vivaudou, Inc., the American Druggists Syndicate, and Kny Scheerer Corporation. The latter firm was among the oldest and largest manufacturers and dealers of surgical and hospital supplies and equipment in the United States.

Additional companies included in the December 1928 merger which formed Vadsco Sales were the Alfred H. Smith Company, Farfumerie Melba, Inc., Delettrez, Inc., and Kleanwell, Inc. Each of the individual businesses retained its trade name and its trademark.

The merger of Delettrez, Inc., and its parent company, Vadsco Sales, in April 1943, resulted in the creation of Universal Laboratories.

References

Companies based in New York City
1943 disestablishments in New York (state)
Defunct companies based in New York (state)
Holding companies established in 1928
1928 establishments in New York City
Holding companies disestablished in 1943
1943 mergers and acquisitions
American companies disestablished in 1943
American companies established in 1928


Otaņķi Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 962 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 120.5 km2.

Villages of Otaņķi Parish

 Baidzele
 Banažgals
 Dorupe
 Laukgals
 Laurciems
 Mežgals
 Otaņķi
 Rude
 Rumbasgals
 Šķuburi
 Upmaļciems

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Priekule Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 653 (as of 1/07/2013) and covers an area of 152.8 km2.

Villages of Priekule parish
 Asīte
 Audari
 Kalnenieki
 Kaņepji
 Knīveri
 Mazgramzda
 Saulaine

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Lang Pioneer Village Museum is a living history museum located in the hamlet of Lang in Peterborough County, Ontario. It was established in 1967 by the County of Peterborough. Lang Pioneer Village is situated on the shores of the historic Indian River. Lang Pioneer Village is an "outdoor museum" featuring more than 30 restored and furnished buildings, many of which were donated from the surrounding townships. The buildings, constructed between 1820 and 1910, are interpreted by costumed villagers portraying authentic 19th-century pioneer life. Since 2014 the Museum has been the site of the Aabnaabin Encampment, a pre-colonization representation of a Michi Saagiig camp where the story of the First Nations history and culture of the region is told by indigenous interpreters. Lang Pioneer Village Museum is owned and operated by the County of Peterborough.

Heritage buildings

Homes

David Fife Cabin - This 1820s log cabin is typical of the settler's first one-room log home.  Built by David Fife, a Scottish immigrant, the cabin is currently located in the village only a few miles from its original site.  David Fife was the pioneer of Red Fife Wheat production in Canada.  Red Fife Wheat was grown locally and ground into flour at the Lang Grist Mill.

Ayotte Homestead - Built prior to 1841, the Ayotte Homestead was moved from its original site on Clear Lake in Smith Township.  During the summer months, the wood stove was moved to the summer kitchen so that it did not heat up the house.  During the winter months, the stove would be moved back into the primary house and the summer kitchen would be used for cold storage.

Fitzpatrick House - Built in the 1840s, the Fitzpatrick House represents a settler's second home.  It is a storey-and-a-half log home featuring a six-foot-wide stone fireplace which served the dual purposes of heating and cooking.  The main living area included the parent's bedroom and a sitting room upstairs and two bedrooms and a large utility area that also served as a sleeping area.

Milburn House - The Milburn House represents the more luxurious lifestyle of some settlers.  Built in the 1850s, the Milburn House has been restored to reflect life in 1877 and features many of the comforts and luxuries of the 1870s.

Businesses and trades

Hastie Carpenter Shop - The Hastie Carpenter Shop is a careful reconstruction of an original, local 1880s carpenter shop.  Throughout the summer, carpenters demonstrate wood-working techniques used by the settlers to create hand-made objects.

Tinsmith Shop - The Tinsmith Shop is a reconstruction of a 19th-century shop demonstrating the skilled craft of tinsmithing.  Examples of tinware can be found throughout the village.  By the late 19th century, tinware was in nearly every home and farm.

Lang Grist Mill - A working three-storey mill, the Lang Mill was constructed in 1846 by Thomas Short.  Over 160 years later, visitors can still see wheat being ground into flour at the mill throughout the summer.

Shingle Mill - Before the Shingle Mill, early settlers had to make their own shingles by splitting cedar with a froe (a tool with a long iron blade that was struck with a heavy mallet) and then shaved to the proper thickness with a drawknife.  With the Shingle Mill, hundreds of shingles could be produced in an hour.  The cedar shingles on some of the building in the Village were made by this mill.

Keene Hotel - Originally built in the 1830s (front section) and the 1940s (rear wing), the Keene Hotel has been restored to be representative of a country inn of the 1870s.  The best bedroom at the Hotel in the 1840s cost 75 cents per night.  A straw tick in the flop room cost 10 cents per night.

Cheese Factory - The Cheese Factory, moved from Mathers Corners in Otonabee Township, was built in 1876.  The equipment housed inside the building is from Warkworth.  The Cheese Factory could form 40 pounds of cheese curd from 400 pounds of milk under the watchful eye of a cheese maker.

Blacksmith Shop - The Blacksmith Shop was essential to the life of any 19th-century community.  Built in 1859, the Blacksmith Shop has been restored to 1880.  The blacksmith would shoe horses, "iron" sleighs and wagons, make tools and architectural hardware and do repairs.  He could also make most of his own equipment.  The watering trough located outside the Blacksmith Shop was originally owned by Campbell's Dairy in Peterborough.

Register Print Shop - The Print Shop, built in the 1840s, was used to print handbills announcing sales, public notices of election, community event notices and the weekly newspaper for the community.  The printer was one of the few well-educated individuals in the village.  The Register Print Shop at Lang Pioneer Village has been restored to represent a print shop in the 1880s.

S. W. Lowry Weaver Shop & Jacquard Loom Interpretive Centre - The S. W. Lowry Weaver Shop is a replica 19th-century weaver's shop and features a restored 19th-century Jacquard loom and fully functioning loom replica.  An exhibit/educational area demonstrates the step-by-step process of how fleece from a sheep becomes a woven fabric.

Community services

Douro Township Hall - The Douro Township Hall was built in 1871 at a cost of $365.  The building has been restored to 1897 when council members were no longer elected by an open "show of hands" but by secret ballot.

South Lake School - The schoolhouse was the first building moved to the site of Lang Pioneer Village.  Built in 1886, the schoolhouse interior reveals much about rural school-life featuring double-desks, slates, an abacus and a wood stove for heating.

Glen Alda Church - The church played an important role in settlers’ lives.  Built in 1898, the Glen Alda Church was moved from Chandos Township. Located at the front of the sanctuary is a fine crafted Doherty pump organ, manufactured 100 years ago.  The driveshed located to the west of the church is where the horse and buggies would have been sheltered during the service.

Menie General Store & Post Office- Originally built in 1858, the General Store has been restored to 1899.  Almost everything could be purchased from the store.  Farm produce would often be bartered for store goods.

Food preservation

Cider Barn - After the apple harvest, farmers from the surrounding area would converge on the Cider Barn where a wooden cylinder studded with nails would chew the apples into a pulp and then the juice pressed from the pulp.

Smoke House - To ensure that meat would last throughout the winter and following summer, meat was salted, pickled and then finally smoked in the Smoke House for about six weeks.  The Smoke House at Lang Pioneer Village is a reconstruction circa the 1850s.

Ice House - Ice blocks were cut in the coldest winter weather using an ice saw.  The blocks had to be perfectly square in order to make it easier to load and haul.  Sawdust was used in the icehouse as an insulator.  The sawdust was so effective that a harvest of ice put in place in cold weather and properly packed with sawdust could last several years.  The Ice House at Lang Pioneer Village is a reconstruction circa the 1850s.

Sources of power

 Wind - By the late 19th century many farmers were harnessing the wind to provide power for a variety of purposes.  The windmill at Lang Pioneer Village was originally located on the Manson Cathcart farm in Peterborough
 Water - Water flowing from the Indian River, powers the turbines at the Lang Grist Mill
 Steam - Steam power made many tasks more productive for settlers.  Examples of steam powered tasks that can be found at Lang Pioneer Village are the Shingle Mill powered by Lang's own Sawyer-Massey Steam Engine and grain thrashing.  Manufactured in 1921, the Sawyer-Massey Steam Engine is the power source for sawing and edging the shingles at the Shingle Mill.  The Steam Engine has been owned and operated by Lang Pioneer Village since 1985.
 Animal - By the 1860s, horse power had reached the peak of mechanical efficiency and most farmers owned one of some make or another.  Horse-drawn farm implements can be found in Lang's Agricultural Barn while horse-drawn vehicles can be found in Lang's Transportation Barn.

Display Buildings

Modelled after many turn-of-the-century barns, the Peterborough County Agricultural Heritage Building is a community project that was designed by Lett Architects to depict the history of agricultural practices in the region. Built in 2017, the Peterborough County Agricultural Heritage Building (PCAHB) is home to the Peterborough County Agricultural Hall of Fame, recognizing important individuals and families who made and make significant contributions to the agricultural community in Peterborough and the Kawarthas. The building houses an extensive number of agricultural implements, including the Museum’s Peter Hamilton collection of tools and equipment, as well as a restoration workshop and conservation lab with viewing windows.

Education programs

Lang Pioneer Village Museum offers a variety of educational programs that correspond directly with the Ontario school curriculum as set by the Provincial Government.

Special events

Lang Pioneer Village hosts the following special events each year:
 Annual Father's Day Smoke & Steam Show
 Transportation Day Car & Motorcycle Show
 Anniversary Weekend Celebration (theme varies each year)
 Applefest
 Historic All Hallow's Eve
 Christmas by Candlelight

As well as these annual events there are other special displays, workshops, activities and musical events from time to time.

Visiting information

Lang Pioneer Village Museum is located 10 km east of Peterborough at 104 Lang Road, just off of County Rd 34 (Heritage Line) in Otonabee-South Monaghan Township.  Lang Pioneer Village is open to the visiting public from approximately mid-May to Labour Day and seasonally for special events and workshops.

References

External links
 Lang Pioneer Village Museum Official Website
 Lang Pioneer Village - PeterboroughOntario.com Listing
 Peterborough & the Kawarthas Tourism
 County of Peterborough
 Virtual Museums Canada
 Ontario Museum Association
 Attractions Ontario

Museums in Peterborough County
Living museums in Canada
History museums in Ontario
Blacksmith shops


Rucava Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality, Latvia. The parish has a population of 1250 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 238.1 km2.

Villages of Rucava Parish

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland


Ismail Sidky Pasha () (15 June 1875 – 9 July 1950) was an Egyptian politician who served as Prime Minister of Egypt from 1930 to 1933 and again in 1946.

Life and career
He was born in Alexandria and was originally named Isma'il Saddiq but his name was changed after his namesake fell out of favor.

Sidky graduated from Collège des Frères in Cairo and the Khedival Law School, then joined the public prosecutor's office. In 1899 he became administrative secretary of the Alexandria municipal commission, serving until 1914, when he was appointed minister of agriculture and later minister of waqfs (Islamic endowments).

In 1915, Sidky joined the nationalist Wafd Party and was eventually deported to Malta with party founder Saad Zaghloul and other loyalists in 1919. Following World War I Sidky left the Wafd Party. He served as Minister of Finance in 1921 and 1922 and as minister of interior in 1922 and from 1924 to 1925. He then retired from politics.

He returned to politics in the 1930s to serve as prime minister from June 1930 to September 1933, running as a candidate for the People's Party. He was known as a strong leader and fought the influence of his former Wafd Party. He joined an all-party delegation to negotiate the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936, which established Egypt as a technically sovereign state, although still under British control.

During his first tenure as Prime Minister, Sidky pressed for the enactment of mortgage lending reforms aimed at restructuring the relationship of foreign lenders such as Crédit Foncier Egyptienne, the Mortgage Company of Egypt, and The Land Bank of Egypt with qualifying Egyptian mortgage debtors. On 3 February 1933 the Legislative Assembly of the Mixed Court of Appeals approved a law decreed by King Fuad and signed by the King, Sidki, and Egyptian Minister of Justice Ahmed Ali relative to properties in process of foreclosure with the Mixed Court System, known as Law 7 of 1933. Having begun the process of mortgage loan reforms in 1933, subsequent governments followed essentially the same practices, all in the context of foreclosure pressures experienced during the global economic depression of the 1930s, e.g., decret-loi no. 72 de 1935, and Law 47 of 1936, and Law 48 of 1936, each of which may be viewed in light of the negotiations leading to the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936.

In 1938 Sidky retired from politics again. He returned to politics one last time in February 1946 as Prime Minister, seeking to revise the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty. After failing to unite Egypt and Sudan under Egyptian sovereignty, Sidky resigned from the office on 8 December 1946. He was succeeded by Mahmoud el Nokrashy Pasha.

References

External links
The Sidqi years via Al-Ahram

20th-century prime ministers of Egypt
1875 births
1950 deaths
Agriculture Ministers of Egypt
Interior Ministers of Egypt
Finance Ministers of Egypt
Politicians from Alexandria
Wafd Party politicians
Endowments Ministers of Egypt


Heroini is a fish tribe from the Cichlasomatinae subfamily in the cichlid family. All cichlids native to the Greater Antilles, United States (southern Texas), Mexico and northern Central America are members of this tribe. It also includes most cichlid species in southern Central America (where only non-Heroini cichlids are Andinoacara and Geophagus) and several species from South America (where several other tribes exist). A large percentage of its species were formerly placed in the genus Cichlasoma (itself now placed in the tribe Cichlasomatini) but have since been moved to other genera.

In other classifications the tribe Heroini is placed in the subfamily Cichlinae.

Genera
This tribe include about 35 genus and 160 species:
 Amatitlania Schmitter-Soto, 2007
 Amphilophus Agassiz, 1859
 Archocentrus Gill, 1877
 Astatheros Pellegrin, 1904
 Australoheros Říčan & Kullander, 2006
 Caquetaia Fowler, 1945
 Chiapaheros McMahan & Piller, 2015
 Chocoheros Říčan & Piálek, 2016
 Chortiheros Říčan & Piálek, 2016
 Cincelichthys McMahan & Piller, 2015
 Chuco Fernández-Yépez, 1969
 Cryptoheros Allgayer, 2001
 Darienheros Říčan & Novák 2016
 Herichthys Baird & Girard, 1854
 Heroina Kullander, 1996
 Heros Heckel, 1840
 Herotilapia Pellegrin, 1904
 Hoplarchus Kaup, 1860
 Hypselecara Kullander, 1986
 Hypsophrys Agassiz, 1859
 Isthmoheros (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)
 Kihnichthys McMahan & Matamoros, 2015
 Kronoheros Říčan & Piálek, 2016
 Maskaheros McMahan & Piller, 2015
 Mayaheros Říčan & Piálek, 2016
 Mesoheros McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015
 Mesonauta Günther, 1867
 Nandopsis Gill, 1862
 Nosferatu De la Maza-Benignos, Ornelas-García, Lozano-Vilano, García-Ramírez & Doadrio, 2015
 Oscura McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015
 Panamius Schmitter-Soto, 2007
 Parachromis Agassiz, 1859
 Paraneetroplus Regan, 1905
 Petenia Günther, 1862
 Pterophyllum Heckel, 1840
 Rheoheros McMahan & Matamoros, 2015
 Rocio Schmitter-Soto, 2007
 Symphysodon Heckel, 1840
 Talamancaheros Říčan & Novák, 2016
 Theraps Günther, 1862
 Thorichthys Meek, 1904
 Tomocichla Regan, 1908
 Trichromis McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015
 Uaru Heckel, 1840
 Vieja Fernández-Yépez, 1969
 Wajpamheros Říčan & Piálek, 2016

References

Fish tribes
Cichlid fish of Central America
Cichlid fish of South America


Saka Parish () is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 626 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 318.292 km2.

Villages of Saka parish
 Mežvidi
 Orgsaļiena
 Pievikas (Rīva)
 Saka
 Saliena
 Strante
 Ulmale
 Upsēde

Parishes of Latvia
South Kurzeme Municipality
Courland