Relations between Barbados and China began on 4 September 1967 with Barbados recognizing the People's Republic of China from 30 May 1977, just over one decade after the eastern Caribbean island nation's independence from the United Kingdom.

Chinese-Barbadian trade relations have intensified over the decades and are growing, and have expanded in both: growing bilateral trade and strategic cooperation. Given the inherent limit of natural resources in Barbados, various Chinese administrations have taken interest in investing in the construction of infrastructure to support Barbados' human capital like aiding in the construction of the Sir Garfield Sobers Gymnasium (1986), and other projects such as: construction assistance for the Sir Lloyd Erskine Sandiford Conference and Cultural Centre (1994), and renovating Bridgetown's Cheapside Market building (2005).  Some media sources have claimed Barbados was highly indebted to China however Barbadian officials have accused this information as being a "falsehood" and "innuendos" and stated that less than 2.5% of the external debt of the country (~$300m) is owed to China.

Barbados adheres with the One China policy as it recognizes the PRC as the sole legitimate government of "China" rather than the Republic of China (ROC). The PRC has an embassy to Bridgetown; and Barbados has an embassy in Beijing, along with a consulate in Hong Kong, SAR  The current Chinese Ambassador to Barbados is Yan Xiusheng, who heads the embassy in suburb of Christ Church, Barbados.

Barbados and China are members of the Belt and Road Initiative trade agreement, the Caribbean Development Bank, the Group of 77, and the United Nations. The relationship between both nations partly falls under the larger regional China–CELAC Forum.

History
In 2004 Barbados was added to China's list of officially approved tourist destinations by the government in China. with Barbados' former Prime Minister pushing for an open air accord between both nations.

Over the years a number of building projects have been carried out with Chinese government assistance these include: The Wildey Gymnasium, two adjustments on the Lloyd Erskine Sandiford Conference And Cultural Centre, a Home Vegetable Growing Experimental Center, embroidery, grass weaving and feather handicraft. A consideration was also giving according to the Prime Minister of Barbados, David Thompson for China to assist with the opening of a new cruise ship facility in Barbados.

Following the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, the Barbadian prime minister visited the Chinese Embassy to personally sign the book of condolence to the nation.

In July 2010 Barbados opened its first resident Barbadian Embassy in Chaoyang District, Beijing.

In 2014 the two governments signed visa waiver agreements for travel by nationals from both nations.  Later in 2014 there was also an agreement signed in Barbados to establish a branch of the Confucius Institute at the University of the West Indies.

In late 2015 the Chinese Navy hospital Ark ship visited the Bridgetown port.

In 2018 the newly elected Mottley administration stated its desire to enter the then five year old Belt and Road Initiative.

In February 2019 Barbados and China signed a MOU for Barbados to officially join the Belt and Road Initiative.  He Lifeng, chairman of the Chinese National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), and Jerome Walcott, minister of foreign affairs and foreign trade of Barbados, held talks in Beijing, and the two sides exchanged views on jointly building Belt and Road cooperation between China and Barbados.  Later that year China's resident Ambassador to Barbados, announced 11 graduate students would be sponsored to study in China.  This recent figure brings to a total of over 90 Barbadians who have taken part in the studying in China programme. Other goals outlined in 2019 included China providing technical assistance and funding for building a laboratory to ensure international product accreditation standards and address sanitary and phytosanitary rules of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).

In 2020 the first batch of roughly three dozen BYD rechargeable electric buses were delivered to the Government's Barbados Transport Board.

In late 2020 the British media reported that United States military intelligence spread an allegation to the Boris Johnson United Kingdom government that Barbados was dropping the Queen as Chief of State to appease China.

Trade and economic cooperation

China is considered one of Barbados's closest allies and partners. China is also one of Barbados's increasingly important trading and export partners. In 2017 China was third only to the US and Trinidad & Tobago as Barbados' largest import market, with an import share of 5.65 per cent, according to World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) data.

Both nations have additionally signed bilateral agreements including a Double taxation agreement (updated 2010 ) and a Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments treaty.

The Chinese government remains one of the main stakeholders in the Barbados-based Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), which lends to the various territories throughout the Caribbean region.

In 2004 Chinese interests expanded into Barbados' construction industry.  Two notable firms include China Construction Barbados Co. Ltd. and ChinaDOS Construction Limited. (A mixture of the name China and Barbados), Which has performed a number of construction projects in Barbados.

In August 2008 the Barbados-based Caribbean Export and Chinese officials signed a deal to increase the export capacity in the region to the Chinese market.

In 2010 a high-level Chinese delegation from the China National Tourism Administration (CNTA) visited the Government of Barbados' tourism unit to ink a branding opportunity for a Barbados tourism website targeting Chinese visitors to Barbados.

Barbados was the first nation of 2019 to sign on the China's Belt and Road Cooperative initiative. Later the same year the Association for Barbados-China Friendship (ABCF) was formed in Barbados

Barbadian officials have showcased Barbadian made brands at such major Chinese annual events as the CIIE, Beijing Expo 2019, and Shanghai World Expo.

Diplomacy

One-China stance

Following the Chinese Civil War, commencing on 4 September 1967 for a brief period Barbados witnessed one-way incoming diplomatic relations from the Republic of China (R.O.C.), commonly called Taiwan. Barbados hadn't, yet established diplomatic relations with the larger "mainland" People's Republic of China (P.R.C.) until after breaking off relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan) on January 11, 1977, Barbados moved to instead recognise the mainland government in the People's Republic of China on 30 May 1977 when the Government of Barbados then ceased to recognize Taiwan as the legitimate government of China.

The following is a statement made by the late Henry DeBoulay Forde, S.C., P.C., former Attorney General and Minister of External Affairs on the China issue in a report issued by the Government of Barbados outlined in 1977 to summarize the country's One-China policy until then.

"Barbados had maintained diplomatic relations with the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan, since 4 September 1967.  A Taiwanese Embassy was established in Barbados in 1968, but a Barbadian ambassador had never been accredited towards Taiwan.  On the occasion of the United Nations debate on the admission of the People's Republic of China to that body, the Barbados delegation expressed the hope that a compromise formula would have been found to have enabled the government of the People's Republic of China. - Neither Taiwan nor the People's Republic of China has, however, been willing to reach this accommodation or to accept the principle of the existence of "two Chinas".

On 25 October 1971, the United Nations General Assembly voted overwhelmingly "to restore all its rights to the People's Republic of China and to recognise its representatives as the only legitimate representatives of China."

Under the circumstances the Government of Barbados of the day considered that "it can no longer validly treat the Government of Taiwan as the Government of all China.  The government of Taiwan had therefore been officially informed that, as from today[11 January 1977], it will no longer be recognised by the Government of Barbados as the Government of China.  It is believed, and my Government believes that failure to take this position would be to turn a blind eye to the realities of the international situation and be contrary to our best interest."  Since the 1980s Barbados has upheld to the position of there being only one-china based in Beijing.

Joint military cooperation
In October 2006 the Barbadian government found itself sanctioned by U.S. President George W. Bush for not signing an Article 98 Agreements with the United States military to exempt U.S. personnel from the International Criminal Court (ICC).  Following the sanctions on Barbados and several other Caribbean nations by the United States the Chinese Government provided Barbados with the financial assistance in-lieu of the situation.

In 2009 the military units of both countries moved to strengthen their military cooperation. Then in December 2016 expanded this military cooperation with the Chinese government presenting the government of Barbados with $3 million worth of military equipment which had been the largest gift to the Barbados military to date.

Diplomatic characterization
Former Barbadian Prime Minister J.M.G.M 'Tom' Adams during a visit to China expressed a satisfaction over the development of bilateral relations since the establishment of diplomatic ties.  Praising the Chinese policy of "non-interference in other countries' internal affairs", Adams stated: "it is often comparatively difficult to maintain good relations between big and small countries since good bilateral relations lie in ironing out mutual differences and eliminating the control over the small countries by the big ones. The relations of Barbados and other Caribbean countries with China are different. China has never interfered in any way in the internal affairs of Barbados and other countries, and never has it disrupted peace of Barbados and the Caribbean region."

Former Barbadian Prime Minister Owen S. Arthur urged his Chinese counterparts to provide development-aide to the smaller Caribbean economies regional fund and opinioned that: "Any cooperation in tourism should not be only about the movement of people, but we must assist each other in the development of our industries…… and when we have special events we must make it possible for our citizens to attend these activities. This would help build a base for a stronger relationship in the future," Mr. Arthur said.  Chinese Premier Wen said that China would like to join hands with Barbados in deepening cooperation in the areas of trade, tourism, architecture, and cultural exchange.

President Xi Jinping of China characterised the relationship with Barbados in 2021 as "a good friend, and partner of China."

Projects in Barbados include:
 Feasibility Study Project for the Redevelopment of the Barbados National Stadium (2007,10)
 Sir Garfield Sobers Gymnasium Project (1990—1992)
 Sherbourne Conference Centre Fitting-up Project (1993—1994)
 Cheapside Market Renovation Project (2001—2002)
 Sir Garfield Sobers Gymnasium Redevelopment Project (1996—1997; 2005, 7–2005, 9, 2011)
 Home Vegetable Growing Experimental Centre Project (1983—1987)
 Embroidery and Grass Weaving Project (1985—1987) and
 Feather Handicraft Project (1992—1995).
 Elsie Payne Ministry of Education Complex Redevelopment
 Sam Lord's Castle Redevelopment Project (2017)

Bilateral agreements

Common memberships

 Bank for International Settlements
 Belt and Road Initiative
 Caribbean Development Bank
 Food and Agriculture Organization
 G-77+China
 International Court of Justice
 International Electrotechnical Commission
 International Maritime Organization
 International Monetary Fund
 International Olympic Committee
 International Renewable Energy Agency
 International Telecommunication Union
 Interpol
 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
 Small Island Developing States
 United Nations
 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
 Universal Postal Union
 World Bank
 World Customs Organization
 World Health Organization
 World Meteorological Organization
 World Trade Organization

Resident diplomatic missions
 Barbados appointed its 4th former Prime Minister Sir Lloyd Erskine Sandiford as its first resident Barbadian Ambassador to Beijing, China in July, 2010.
 China has both a resident embassy and Economic and Commercial Affairs Office in Christ Church, which is headed by the Ambassador of the People's Republic of China to Barbados.

Footnotes

See also
 Caribbean–China relations
 List of ambassadors of China to Barbados
 Visa requirements for Chinese citizens
 History of Chinese foreign policy
 Foreign relations of China
 Foreign relations of imperial China
 Foreign relations of Hong Kong
 Foreign relations of Macao
 Foreign relations of Taiwan

Further reading

External links
Official website - of the Chinese Embassy in Barbados (English)
Official website - of the Chinese Embassy in Barbados (Chinese)
 Economic and Commercial Counsellor's Office

China
Bilateral relations of China


The following highways are numbered 674:

Canada
Alberta Highway 674
Saskatchewan Highway 674

England
A674 Chorley to Blackburn

Philippines
 N674 highway (Philippines)

United States

Virginia:
 Virginia State Route 674 (Fairfax County)
 Virginia State Route 674 (Prince William County)


El Camino Secreto (English title:The Secret Path) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Emilio Larrosa for Televisa in 1986.

Daniela Romo and Salvador Pineda starred as the protagonists, while Claudio Brook, Patsy and Mar Castro starred as main antagonists. Leticia Calderón, Gabriela Rivero and Carlos Ancira co-starred in supporting roles, with Ancira receiving special praise.

It was the last acting role for Carlos Ancira, eight months before his death from a brain tumor on October 10, 1987.

Plot
Mario and Santiago are both in love with the same woman, Martha. Martha becomes pregnant by Santiago and together they raise two daughters, Gabriela and Julieta. Mario and Santiago are involved in a diamond smuggling ring headed by Adolfo Ávila, who murders Martha and blackmails both Mario and Santiago into taking the fall for it. Santiago flees with his young daughters, using his skills as an actor and master of disguise to assume the new identity of Fausto Guillén and the girls grow up unaware of his past as Santiago.

Twenty years later, the now wealthy Mario discovers that he is dying, so he seeks out Santiago and asks him to take his place. But Adolfo murders the ailing Mario and Santiago is forced to hastily adopt Mario's identity in order to throw Adolfo off track, while keeping from the girls that he is not Fausto, but Santiago. Meanwhile, Gabriela meets Santiago's adopted son, David, and they fall in love with each other. But Gabriela's physical resemblance to her mother Martha attracts Adolfo's attention, placing everyone's lives in deadly danger.

Cast
Daniela Romo as Gabriela Guillén
Salvador Pineda as David Genovés
Carlos Ancira as Santiago Guzmán / Fausto Guillén / Mario Genovés
Gabriela Rivero as Julieta Guillén
Leticia Calderón as Alma
Pedro Armendáriz Jr. as Alejandro Faidella
Claudio Brook as Adolfo Ávila
Fernando Sáenz as Carlos Ávila
Pilar Pellicer as Yolanda
Arsenio Campos as Roberto Zárate
Arturo Benavides as Félix
Patsy as Berta
Fidel Garriga as Abelardo
Guy De Saint Cyr as Marcos
Mar Castro as Susana
Gonzalo Sánchez as Pancholete
Damián Alcázar as José Luis
Alfredo Sevilla as Adriano
Jorge Fegán as Captain Raymundo Floriani
Ana Patricia Rojo as Paulina Faidella

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1986 telenovelas
1986 Mexican television series debuts
1987 Mexican television series endings
Spanish-language telenovelas
Television shows set in Mexico
Televisa telenovelas


Two Brass era automobiles named Richmond were produced in Richmond, Indiana.  A Steam car was made by the Richmond Automobile Company in 1902 and 1903.  The Wayne Works produced the Richmond automobile from 1904 to 1917.

Richmond Automobile Company
The Richmond steam car engine was claimed to be simple and the most compact steam vehicle engine on the market.  The two-cylinder engine had a 2.5" bore and 3.5" stroke and weighed just 46 pounds.  This engine produced its maximum 6 horsepower at 960 rpm.  The engine was believed to have been designed by Isham Sedgwick and the steam car was developed by R. L. Sackett.  Just the engine was manufactured in 1901, with production of the entire car commencing the following year.  The Richmond was a chain-driven dos-a-dos four-seater.  By 1903, Richmond Automobile Company ended automobile production, though it is believed that engine production continued past this date.

Wayne Works - Richmond Automobile

The Wayne Works, Inc. had been making farm implements since the 1870s, and supposedly in 1901 the company president, Walter W. Schultz, asked the chief engineer Jack St. John to design an automobile "because everyone else is."  Richmond, Indiana would be home to several car makes including Davis, Pilot and Westcott.  St. John designed a two-cylinder air-cooled touring car, which was sold to a local businessman.  A subsequent car was sold the next year, but full-scale manufacture did not begin until 1904.

The Richmond entered production with four-cylinder engines with round radiators for most of its production. The Richmond was a mid-priced car of the time, well regarded locally for its reliability and hill-climbing abilities.  The biggest change to the Richmond occurred in 1910, when the engine became water-cooled instead of air-cooled.  A  six-cylinder model was offered from 1914 until 1916, with outputs rising from 45-hp to 50-hp.  Horsepower for the earlier air-cooled fours ranged from 20 to 30-hp, while the water-cooled engines produced 22.5 to 40-hp.

In 1915 Herff-Brooks contracted with Wayne Works to provide Richmonds that would be badged as Herff-Brooks.  This ended in 1916.  In 1917, the automobile department was closed, and the Wayne Works continued production of commercial truck bodies and agricultural tools.  An estimated 1,348 Richmonds were built.

Three Richmonds are known to be extant. Two at the Wayne County Historical Museum and one in Spain at the Malaga Motor Museum.

References

See also
 Richmond Model J at All-Andorra
 Old Cars Weekley article - 1907 Richmond

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Indiana
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Indiana
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1902
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1903
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1904
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1917
Steam cars
Veteran vehicles
Brass Era vehicles
1900s cars
1910s cars
Cars introduced in 1902
Cars introduced in 1904


Pokémon Diamond and Pearl Adventure! (sometimes abbreviated as DPA) is a Pokémon manga based on Pokémon Diamond, Pearl, and Platinum. The series is written and illustrated by Shigekatsu Ihara and published by Shogakukan. All eight volumes have been translated into English, and released in North America by Viz Media. Viz Media's translation was licensed by Singapore publisher Chuang Yi, who have released all eight volumes as well, with the first volume of Chuang Yi's version being released two years after Viz Media's version.

Story
A young boy, Hareta, and his friends are trying to find Dialga. Hareta was allowed to live in the woods with Pokémon, which helps him bond with newly captured Pokémon. In book one, Hareta meets Mitsumi, Professor Rowan's helper, and a boy named Jun. Professor Rowan gives Hareta his first Pokémon, a Piplup. In this book, Hareta wins the Coal Badge and meets Team Galactic for the first time. He bites one of Team Galactic's Members as well. Hareta also catches a Shinx. In book two, Hareta enters his first contest. Later, Mitsumi enters and nearly wins. Hareta then meets Team Galactic again in Celestic Town. Hareta picks a fight with Cyrus, and Cyrus tries to get Hareta to join him. After losing to Cyrus, Hareta lays afloat, only to be rescued by Byron. Hareta challenges Byron and loses. Hareta is then instructed to go to Iron Island to train. There, Hareta meets Riley who gives him an egg. Riley and Hareta then have to beat Team Galactic yet again and Hareta's egg hatches in Riolu. Hareta trains for a month then comes out with an Onix, a Geodude, and a Zubat. Book three contains a large fight between Team Galactic and Hareta over the Legendary Azelf. Hareta once again, with help from all the Gym leaders, defeats Team Galactic. He wins by having Azelf power him with willpower.
In book four, Hareta meets gym leader Candice. Hareta wins the battle and capture the legendary Pokémon Regigigas. Then Byron, Hareta, and other gym leaders try to attack Galactic headquarters, but all except Bryon and Hareta went in to jail. Hareta realized that his best friend Mitsumi joined team Galactic. Hareta fights her and the end of the battle continues in book five. in the end Hareta defeats Mitsumi and goes on to face Cyrus but at that time Cyrus has collected all three legendary Pokémon and is starting to make the red chain the only object to call Dialga and control him.

Characters

 Hareta (Japanese: ハレタ), the main character and the adopted grandson of Professor Rowan. He lived most of his life in the forest with wild Pokémon, practically thinking himself as one. His clothes indicate that he is based on Lucas; however, his hairstyle is vastly different and his vest lacks the white stripe that appears on that of Lucas. Deciding it would help the boy to travel and see the world, the Professor decided he should be a Pokémon Trainer and travel with his assistant, Mitsumi, and one of his Pokémon, Piplup.
 Mitsumi (Japanese: ミツミ) is a main character and the assistant of Professor Rowan. Her clothing implies that she is based on Dawn, albeit with a clearly distinctive hairstyle. An orphan, she was raised by Team Galactic. She became extremely close to Pokemon, and easy to manipulate. On a mission to destroy Professor Rowan's lab, Rowan convinced her that Pokémon are more than just tools, and she defected from Team Galactic, becoming Rowan's assistant. Later, she came along with Hareta to find Dialga. After she went to Lake Acuity, Cyrus managed to capture Mitsumi's Eevee. With Cyrus threatening to kill Eevee if she disobeyed him, Mitsumi was forced to rejoin Team Galactic and fought Hareta. After losing, she quit Team Galactic again, causing Jupiter to explode the room she was in with Light Screen.
 Jun (Japanese: ジュン) is based on Barry, but is more of Hareta's friend as pokémon friends to care for him.
 Koya (Japanese: コウヤ)
 Professor Rowan (Japanese: ナナカマド博士 Dr. Nanakamado)
 "Looker" (Japanese: ハンサム "Handsome")
 Kaisei (Japanese: カイセー Kaise)
 Palmer (Japanese: クロツグ Kurotsugu)
 Riley (Japanese: ゲン Gen)

Pokémon League

Gym leaders
 Roark (Japanese: ヒョウタ Hyota)
 Gardenia (Japanese: ナタネ Natane)
 Maylene (Japanese: スモモ Sumomo)
 Crasher Wake (Japanese: マキシマム仮面 Maximum Mask)
 Fantina (Japanese: メリッサ Melissa)
 Byron (Japanese: トウガン Tougan) finds Hareta washed up on the shore after having been defeated by Cyrus. Byron takes Hareta in and allows him to regain his strength before putting him through a rigorous training session similar to what he put Roark through years ago.
 Candice (Japanese: スズナ Suzuna)
 Volkner (Japanese: デンジ Volkner)

Elite Four and Champion
 Aaron (Japanese: リョウ Ryo)
 Bertha (Japanese: キクノ Kikuno)
 Flint (Japanese: オーバ Oba)
 Lucian (Japanese: ゴヨウ Goyo)
 Cynthia (Japanese: シロナ Shirona)

Team Galactic
 Cyrus (Japanese: アカギ Akagi) is Team Galactic's leader.
 Mars (Japanese: マーズ Mazu) is
 Jupiter (Japanese: ジュピター Jupita)
 Saturn (Japanese: サターン Satan)
 Charon (Japanese: プルート Pluto)
 B-2 (Japanese: Ｋ－２ K-2)

Pokémon species
 Piplup (Japanese: ポッチャマ Pochama), Hareta's starter Pokémon, but after a while Hareta and Piplup's friendship becomes stronger, helping them win battles.
 Regigigas (Japanese: レジギガス Rejigigasu)
 Mesprit (Japanese: エムリット Emrit)
 Uxie (Japanese: ユクシー Yukushii)
 Azelf (Japanese: アグノム Agunomu)
 Dialga (Japanese: ディアルガ Diaruga)
 Palkia (Japanese: パルキア Parukia)
 Giratina (Japanese: ギラティナ)
 Heatran (Japanese: ヒードラン)

List of Chapters

See also

 Pokémon (manga)

References

External links
 Pokémon Diamond and Pearl Adventure! on Bulbapedia

Pokémon manga
Shogakukan manga
Shōnen manga
Viz Media manga


Bear Creek is the name of at least 123 streams in the U.S. state of Oregon, making it the most popular name for a stream in Oregon (followed by "Dry Creek" with 84 entries). Bear Creek may refer to:

References

Rivers of Oregon


Alessio Vinci (born 15 April 1968) is an Italian journalist, working for CNN since 1989. He has served as CNN's bureau chief in Belgrade from 1999 to 2000 and in Rome from 2001 up to the present. He was the host of Matrix, a news and debate television program on Mediaset's Canale 5, from 2009 and 2012.

He received the America Award of the Italy-USA Foundation in 2016.

External links
 Official profile at CNN.com
 Matrix official website and video gallery

1968 births
Living people
People from Luxembourg City
Italian journalists
Italian male journalists
Television reporters and correspondents
CNN people


Chorizanthe pungens is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family known by the common name Monterey spineflower. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the San Francisco Bay Area south along the Central Coast.

Description
It grows mainly in coastal habitat and that of the hills and mountains overlooking the coastline. This is a generally erect but sometimes spreading or prostrate plant with stems up to half a meter in length. It is green to gray to red in color and usually hairy in texture. The leaves are located at the base of the plant; there are also bracts along the stem at the bases of the inflorescences which look like leaves. The inflorescence is a dense cluster of flowers, each flower surrounded by six white to pink hairy bracts tipped in hooked awns. The flower itself is only a few millimeters wide with jagged tepals.

Varieties
There are two varieties of this species:
var. pungens is the more common
var. hartwegiana is known only from the Santa Cruz Mountains north of Santa Cruz. This variety, known as the Ben Lomond spineflower, is treated as a federally listed endangered species. It is found in the same type of unique habitat, known as the Zayante sandhills, as other local rare endemic life forms such as the Ben Lomond wallflower Erysimum teretifolium and the Zayante band-winged grasshopper Trimerotropis infantilis. Threats to this plant and other endemic species include the destruction of the local habitat during sand mining.

References

External links

Chorizanthe pungens. Jepson eFlora 2013.
Chorizanthe pungens. CalPhotos.

Further reading
Kluse, J. & D. F. Doak. (1999). Demographic performance of a rare California endemic, Chorizanthe pungens var. hartwegiana (Polygonaceae). The American Midland Naturalist 142(2):244-56.

pungens
Endemic flora of California
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of Monterey County, California
Natural history of Santa Cruz County, California
Plants described in 1836
Taxa named by George Bentham


Ukuma Ta'ai (born 17 January 1987) is a Tongan professional rugby league footballer who plays as a  or  for the York Knights in the Betfred Championship and Tonga at international level.

He previously played for the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL and the Huddersfield Giants in the Super League.

Background
Ta'ai was born in Nuku'alofa, Tonga.

Early years
Ta'ai was educated at Tonga College and originally played rugby union. When he moved to Auckland, New Zealand, Ta'ai played for the University club and made the Auckland Rugby Union second XV.
The following year, at the suggestion of a friend, he switched codes and joined the Mt Albert Rugby League Club and played in the Auckland Rugby League competition. In 2008 he played for the Auckland Vulcans in the NSW Cup.

Club career

New Zealand Warriors
Ta'ai was signed by the New Zealand Warriors in 2009 and made his début in a trial game against the North Queensland Cowboys. He made his first grade début in Round Two 2009 against the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles. Ta'ai scored the Warriors first try against Penrith on 17 April after pouncing on a loose pass and crossing under the posts. He re-signed with the Warriors for the 2012 season but was told he would be released by the club at the end of the year.

Huddersfield Giants
On 12 September 2012 Ta'ai signed with Huddersfield until 2015. His transfer was held up by red tape, until in January 2013 he was granted a British work permit. He scored his first try against Hull F.C. on 7 July 2013.

Newcastle Thunder
On 5 February 2021, it was reported that he had signed for the Newcastle Thunder in the RFL Championship.

York City Knights
On 28 September 2022, it was reported that he had signed for York in the RFL Championship.

Representative career
In 2006 Ta'ai played for Tonga in the Pacific Cup, picked from Tonga College's Under 19 rugby union team at the age of 19. The Tongan team won the tournament. He played for Tonga in the 2009 Pacific Cup.
At the conclusion of the 2015 season, Ta'ai played for Tonga in their Asia-Pacific Qualifier match against the Cook Islands for the 2017 Rugby League World Cup.

References

External links

Huddersfield Giants profile
New Zealand Warriors profile
SL profile
2017 RLWC profile

1987 births
Living people
Auckland rugby league team players
Footballers who switched code
Huddersfield Giants players
Mount Albert Lions players
New Zealand Warriors players
Newcastle Thunder players
Sportspeople from Nukuʻalofa
Rugby league second-rows
Tonga national rugby league team players
Expatriate rugby league players in New Zealand
Tongan rugby league players
Tongan rugby union players
York City Knights players
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in England
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in New Zealand
Expatriate rugby league players in England
Tongan expatriate rugby league players


Jamie Bishop (14 January 1971 – 1 May 2015) was a Welsh cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and wicket-keeper who played for Glamorgan. He was born in Pontarddulais.

Bishop, who played Minor Counties Championship cricket with Wales Minor Counties, and played with the Glamorgan Second XI between 1989 and 1994, made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1992 season, against Oxford University.

From the upper-middle order, he scored 51 runs in the only innings in which he batted.

References

External links
Jamie Bishop at Cricket Archive

1971 births
2015 deaths
Cricketers from Swansea
Welsh cricketers
Glamorgan cricketers
Wales National County cricketers
Wicket-keepers


Samuel Kirnon (born 25 December 1962) is an English former cricketer now cricket coach. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played for Glamorgan.

Kirnon was born in Preston but spent his childhood in Montserrat, and later joined the British Army. He was given a trial by Glamorgan on the basis of good performances for German cricket club Dortmund.

He made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1992 season, against Oxford University. He did not bat in the match, but bowled 14 overs, taking the wicket of Jason Gallian.

Kirnon made two List A appearances for the team between 1991 and 1992, scoring a single run and taking two wickets.

Since his playing career Kirnon has coached in Dominica and is running the cricket academy on the island, he has helped in the development of players including Alick Athanaze.

References

External links
Sam Kirnon at CricketArchive

1962 births
Living people
English cricketers
Glamorgan cricketers
Cricketers from Preston, Lancashire


John Davies (3 February 1926 – 1 April 2005) was a Welsh cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a leg-break bowler who played for Glamorgan. He was born in Pontypridd and died in Llantrisant.

Davies played club cricket for Pontypridd, Ludlow, and the Forty Club. Davies played for Glamorgan Second XI between 1952 and 1957.

Davies made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1952 season, against Worcestershire. From the upper-middle order, he scored 11 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and a duck in the second.

External links
John Davies at CricketArchive

1926 births
2005 deaths
Welsh cricketers
Glamorgan cricketers
Sportspeople from Pontypridd


John Gilbert Dauncey (9 April 1936 - 11 October 2021) was a former Welsh cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who played for Glamorgan. He was born in Ystalyfera, in Glamorgan.

Gilbert Dauncey played league cricket for Swansea, Metal Box, Pontardawe, Clydach and Mumbles. He made two first-class appearances for Glamorgan, during the 1957 season, having represented the Second XI since 1954. From the opening order, Dauncey scored his first-class best total of 34 in his debut innings, against Gloucestershire. His second and final first-class appearance came immediately afterwards, against Kent.

References

External links
Gilbert Dauncey at Cricket Archive

1936 births
Living people
Welsh cricketers
Glamorgan cricketers


Rodney David (19 June 1907 — 2 July 1969) was a Welsh cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who played for Glamorgan. He was born in Cardiff and died in Hellingly.

David, who played his club cricket for Margam, made his first-class debut against a team captained and assembled by HDG Leveson-Gower, against whom he scored 17 runs in the only innings in which he batted.

David would not make another first-class appearance for four seasons, when he played against Cambridge University. David's only County Championship game came later in the same week against Northamptonshire, against whom he scored a duck in the first innings in which he batted and a single run in the second.

External links
Rodney David at CricketArchive

1907 births
1969 deaths
Welsh cricketers
Glamorgan cricketers
Cricketers from Cardiff
People from Hellingly


Kim Davies (born Morean Kimsley Davies on 13 October 1954) was a Welsh cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and wicket-keeper who played for Glamorgan. He was born in Clydach.

Davies, who played club cricket for Clydach and who represented Aberavon RFC in rugby, made his first-class cricketing debut during the 1975 season, against Cambridge University. He scored 12 runs in the only innings in which he batted during the match, and took one catch and one stumping.

Davies' second and final first-class appearance came against Oxford University the following season. Davies scored 2 not out in the only innings in which he batted in the match, and took a catch and a stumping.

External links
Kim Davies at Cricket Archive

1954 births
Living people
Aberavon RFC players
Glamorgan cricketers
Rugby union players from Clydach, Swansea
Welsh cricketers
Welsh rugby union players
Wicket-keepers


Mark Nicholas Davies (born 28 December 1959) is a former Welsh cricketer. Davies was a left-handed batsman who bowled occasional right-arm off break. He was born at Maesteg, Glamorgan.

Davies made his first-class debut for Glamorgan against Oxford University in 1982 at St. Helen's following a good record in club cricket with Maesteg Celtic and for the Glamorgan Second XI. He played forty-seven games for the Glamorgan Second XI, as well as nine invitational First XI and Second XI matches, and sixteen games for Under-25 team.

Batting once during his debut first-class match, Davies was dismissed for a duck, in what was to be his only innings at first-class level, by Timothy Taylor. He made a second first-class appearance in that season's County Championship against Worcestershire at Sophia Gardens, with the match largely washed out by rain.

Mark was hit on the head wit ha cricket ball by James Harris

References

External links
Mark Davies at ESPNcricinfo
Mark Davies at CricketArchive

1959 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Maesteg
Welsh cricketers
Glamorgan cricketers


Mount Triumph is a summit in the North Cascades range of Washington state. Located approximately  west-northwest of the town of Newhalem, it was named by Lage Wernstedt, a surveyor with the U.S. Forest Service.  A significant peak in North Cascades National Park, Mount Triumph is one of its "outstanding sights" and is well known among regional climbers for its lack of easy climbing routes to the summit. Despite its moderate elevation, its local relief is dramatic. With the terrain deeply dissected by the valleys of Bacon Creek on the west and Goodell Creek on the east, it rises  in less than  on the latter side.

The mountain is extremely rugged and one author describes it as "a rock thumb with near-vertical to overhanging faces on three sides." From above, it has the appearance of a three-bladed propeller consisting of the northeast, northwest, and south ridges. Mount Despair () is located  to the north-northwest. The two peaks are connected by Triumph Pass ().

Geology

The mountain lies completely within the drainage of the Skagit River, Bacon Creek and Goodell Creek being tributaries of the Skagit. Two small glaciers are found below the east face and north faces, both of which are receding. The south ridge of Mount Triumph ends at a minor peak that has been called Thornton Peak (). On its south flank is a deep cirque that hold the Thornton Lakes, a chain of three lakes at  to , the source of south-flowing Thornton Creek, another tributary of the Skagit River.

Mount Triumph is composed of old orthogneiss. Neighboring Mount Despair is an exposure of light grey granodiorite, part of the great pluton of the Chilliwack batholith, which is visible west of the Thornton Lakes. East of the lakes are dark amphibolite, orthogneiss and mica quartz schist.

Climbing
The easiest route to the summit is on the west. It is rated  and can be dangerous when wet. The approach is by means of the Triumph Pass climber's route. The northeast ridge is more difficult at class 5.5, but is a notable climb on generally good rock. It is approached by means of the Thornton Lakes Trail. A scrambling route from Thornton Lakes Trail leads to the summit of Trappers Peak () which provides good views of Mount Triumph.

Climate

Mount Triumph is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger.

Nearby mountains

 Mount Blum
 Mount Despair
 Mount Shuksan
 Mount Terror

References

External links

Mountains of Washington (state)
North Cascades of Washington (state)
Mountains of Whatcom County, Washington
North Cascades National Park


The Harkness Trophy Race was an American auto racing event, first run in 1915 at the Sheepshead Bay Speedway at Sheepshead Bay, New York. The winner's trophy was named for Harry Harkness, one of the principal investors who purchased the Sheepshead Bay Race Track horse racing facility, and converted it to a wooden board automobile race track.

The purchase was completed in April 1915, and the first race named for Harkness was held on November 2 of that year.

The race ceased to exist after four years.  The Sheepshead Bay Speedway Corporation ran into financial difficulties, following the January, 1919, death of Harry Harkness.  The property was sold for residential real estate development.

Race results

Sources

http://www.champcarstats.com

Galpin, Darren;  A Record of Motorsport Racing Before World War I.

Harry S. Harkness dies of Influenza, New York Times, January 24, 1919

Auto races in the United States
Motorsport competitions in New York (state)


Amnesia is a 1994 novel by Douglas Anthony Cooper and is his debut novel. The book was published in March 1994 by Hyperion Books and is the first entry in the Izzy Darlow series.

Synopsis

The book is dictated by an unknown narrator and follows Izzy Darlow, a mental hospital employee who volunteers his time in order to make amends for a robbery committed during his youth. It is there that he falls for the mute Katie, a patient at the hospital who had been subjected to extreme sexual abuse.

Reception

Publishers Weekly noted that it was "Published to extravagant praise in Canada (with comparisons to Nabokov, Genet, Calvino and Margaret Atwood)." Kirkus Reviews wrote that Amnesia was "more concerned with emotional states than traditional characters, and... reminiscent of, say, Thomas's White Hotel. Michiko Kakutani in The New York Times observed: "Although (a) self-conscious quality never entirely lifts, one gradually comes to appreciate Mr. Cooper's copious gifts". James Polk, in a second New York Times review, called Amnesia "a dense, absorbing first novel (which) locates prominent features in the landscapes of mind and memory." While the Chicago Tribune hailed the book as "intricate", the South Florida Sun-Sentinel dismissed it as "forgettable". The Boston Globe called Cooper "ambitious", and noted that he "takes us on a journey through the dark corridors of the psyche, introducing us to characters who change shape as easily as smoke rings."

References

External links
 Official author page

1994 Canadian novels
Novels by Douglas Cooper
Novels set in Toronto
1994 debut novels


Goodwin University is a nonprofit private university in East Hartford, Connecticut.

History
Goodwin University began as Data Institute Business School in 1962. In 2004, the college gained non-profit status and was granted accreditation by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC). In 2008, the Connecticut Board of Governors for Higher Education authorized the institution to offer baccalaureate programs.

In 2005, Goodwin University initiated a major project to construct a new campus along the Connecticut River in East Hartford. The college had purchased riverfront property that was home to a defunct oil terminal, and took steps to redevelop the site in partnership with state and federal environmental agencies and the Connecticut Development Authority (CDA). The site had been designated as a brown field, or contaminated area, by the Environmental Protection Agency, and the college removed 30 large oil storage tanks and conducted soil remediation with the help of state and federal funding.

In January 2021, it was announced that Goodwin University would be taking over the University of Bridgeport in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and operating it as a subsidiary, although UB would retain its own name and brand.

Accreditation
Goodwin University is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE). Programs accredited by specific accreditors include:

 The Dental Hygiene program is accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation.
 The Early Childhood Education program is accredited by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC).
 The Funeral Service Associate Degree Program is accredited by the American Board of Funeral Service Education (ABFSE).
 The certificate program in medical assisting is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP).
 The Associate in Science degree in nursing is accredited by the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN).
 The baccalaureate degree program in nursing (RN-to-BSN and ABSN) is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE).
 The Occupational Therapy Assistant Program is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE).
 The Respiratory Care Associate in Science program ais accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (CoARC) .
 The Vision Care Technology program is accredited by the Commission on Opticianry Accreditation

Magnet schools
The Goodwin University campus is home to three magnet schools: Connecticut River Academy, an early college and sustainability themed magnet high school; Riverside Magnet School, a Reggio Emilia-themed magnet elementary school; and Pathways Academy of Design and Technology, a design and technology themed magnet high school.

References

External links
 Official website

1999 establishments in Connecticut
Buildings and structures in East Hartford, Connecticut
Educational institutions established in 1999
Private universities and colleges in Connecticut
Universities and colleges in Hartford County, Connecticut


The Zetosophian Society was a literary group which operated in London in the second decade of the 19th century. The Zetosophian (meaning 'I seek wisdom') society was composed of 14 men and included among its membership John Hamilton Reynolds, Benjamin Bailey, and James Rice, all of whom went on to be friends of John Keats, though Keats himself was not a member. The society worked at providing feedback on each members literary works. Each member was expected to read and write one essay each month. The society disbanded in 1815 after disputes between the members.

References

British writers' organisations
Cultural organisations based in London
1815 disestablishments in England


USS Virginian was a United States Navy tug in commission from 1918 to 1919.

Virginian was built as the commercial tug Blue Bell or Blue Belle in 1904 at Camden, New Jersey. She subsequently was renamed SS Virginian. The U.S. Navy acquired her for World War I service from her owner, the Southern Transportation Company, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania probably sometime in late 1917. The Navy apparently commissioned her sometime in early 1918 as USS Virginian.

Virginian served as a tug in the 5th Naval District—probably at Norfolk, Virginia, through the end of World War I and into the early months of 1919.

On 12 May 1919, Virginian was returned to the Southern Transportation Company and her name was stricken from the Navy List.

Unlike most commercial ships commissioned into U.S. Navy service during World War I, Virginian never received a naval registry Identification Number (Id. No.).

Notes

References

Department of the Navy: Naval Historical Center Online Library of Selected Images:  Civilian Ships: Virginian (American Steam Tug, 1904). Previously named Blue Bell. Served as USS Virginian in 1918-1919
NavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive: Virginian

Tugs of the United States Navy
Ships built in Camden, New Jersey
1904 ships
World War I auxiliary ships of the United States


KCUG may refer to:

 KCUG-LP, a low-power radio station (100.3 FM) licensed to serve Omaha, Nebraska, United States
 KHAN (FM), a defunct radio station (99.7 FM) formerly licensed to serve Medicine Bow, Wyoming, United States, which held the call sign KCUG from 2005 to April 2006 and from September 2006 to 2008


The 1913 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans for the 1913 college football season. The only two selectors who have been recognized as "official" selectors by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for the 1913 season are Walter Camp and the International News Service (INS). Camp's All-America Team was published in Collier's Weekly. The INS was founded in 1909 by William Randolph Hearst, and its sports editor Frank G. Menke selected the INS All-America team. Other sports writers, newspapers, coaches selecting All-America teams in 1913 included Harper's Weekly, Fielding H. Yost, and Parke H. Davis.

Consensus All-Americans

In its official record book, the NCAA designates players who were selected by either Camp or INS as "consensus" All-Americans. Using this criteria, the NCAA recognizes 15 as "consensus" All-Americans for the 1913 season. The consensus players are identified in bold on the main list below ("All-Americans of 1913"). Camp and INS unanimously selected the following seven players as All-Americans:
 Charles Brickley, fullback for Harvard. Brickley later became a player and coach in the early years of professional football. He was the coach of the New York Brickley Giants in the first year of play in the National Football League. In 1928, he was convicted on four counts of larceny and bucketing orders from customers of his stock brokerage firm.
 John "Babe" Brown, guard for Navy. Brown was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951 as part of the first group of inductees. During World War II, Admiral John Brown oversaw submarine operations in the South Pacific. He later served as athletics director at the United States Naval Academy.
 James Craig, halfback for Michigan. Craig was also one of the best hurdlers in the country, breaking the world indoor record in the high hurdles in 1911 and winning the intercollegiate championship in the low hurdles in 1912. His older brother, Ralph Craig, won gold medals in the 100 and 200-meter events at the 1912 Olympics.
 Paul Des Jardien, center for Chicago. At six feet, five inches in height, but weighing only 190 pounds, Des Jardien was nicknamed "Shorty." He led the 1913 Chicago Maroons football team to an undefeated 7–0 record and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1955. Des Jardien was a multi-sport star who also briefly played professional baseball as a pitcher for the Cleveland Indians in 1916.
 Robert Hogsett, end for Dartmouth. Hogsett was the captain of the 1913 Dartmouth Big Green football team that compiled a 7–1–0 record and outscored opponents 218 to 79, including victories over Princeton and Penn.
 Eddie Mahan, halfback for Harvard. Mahan was selected as a first-team All-American three consecutive years from 1913 to 1915. He was widely regarded as one of the greatest players in the first 50 years of the sport and was named by Jim Thorpe as the greatest football player of all time. In 1951, Mahan was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame as part of the first group of inductees.
 Louis A. Merrilat, end for Army. Merrilat was a first-team All-American in both 1913 and 1914. He was severely wounded by airplane machine gun fire during World War I, but went on to play in the NFL as a 33-year-old rookie in 1925. He later became a soldier of fortune, training Iran's Persian Guard, working with the Chinese Army in the 1930s, and serving in the French Foreign Legion.

All-Americans of 1913

Ends

 Robert Hogsett, Dartmouth (WC–1; INS-1; MFP-2; SBH-1; TET-1)
 Louis A. Merrilat, Army (WC–1; INS-1; PHD-1; SBH-1; TET-1)
 W. H. Fritz, Cornell (WC–2; FY-1)
 Huntington Hardwick, Harvard (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC–2)
 Lorin Solon, Minnesota (WC–3; INS-2; MFP-1; FY-1)
 Knute Rockne, Notre Dame (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC–3; HW-2; MFP-2)
 Huntington, Chicago (INS-2)
 Benjamin F. Avery, Yale (MFP-1; TT-1)
 Hube Wagner, Pitt (PHD-1; TT-2)
 Francis Joseph O'Brien, Harvard (TT-1)
 K. P. Gilchrist, Navy (TT-2)

Tackles

 Miller Pontius, Michigan (INS-1; MFP-2; FY-1; PHD-1; TT-1)
 Harold Ballin, Princeton (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC–1; INS-2; FY-1; PHD-1; TT-1; SBH-1; TET-1)
 Bud Talbott, Yale (WC–1; MFP-2; TET-1)
 Harvey Hitchcock, Harvard (INS-1)
 Bob Butler, Wisconsin (WC–2; HW-1; MFP-1; SBH-1; TT-2)
 Alex Weyand, Army (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC–2)
 Vic Halligan, Nebraska (WC–3)
 Robert Treat Paine Storer, Harvard (WC–3; INS-2; MFP-1; TT-2)

Guards
 John Brown, Navy (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC-1; INS-1; MFP-1; PHD-1; TT-1; SBH-1; TET-1)
 Stan Pennock, Harvard (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC–1; MFP-2; FY-1; TT-1; TET-1)
 Ray Keeler, Wisconsin (INS-1; MFP-2)
 Elmer Busch, Carlisle (WC–2)
 Hank Ketcham, Yale (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC–2; INS-2)
 Howard Parker Talman, Rutgers (WC–3; PHD-1)
 Alex Weyand, Army (College Football Hall of Fame)(WC–3; INS-2)
 John S. Pendleton, Yale (MFP-1)
 Jimmie Munns, Cornell (WC-3 [tackle]; FY–1; TT-2; SBH-1)
 Albert Journeay, Penn (TT-2)

Centers
 Paul Des Jardien, Chicago (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC–1; HW-1; INS-1; TT-2)
 William Marting, Yale (WC–2; MFP-2; PHD-1)
 George C. Paterson, Michigan (WC–3; MFP-1)
 Pete Garlow, Carlisle (INS-2; SBH-1)
 Walter Simpson, Penn (FY–1)
 Hank Ketcham, Yale (College Football Hall of Fame) (TT-1; TET-1)

Quarterbacks
 Ellery Huntington, Jr., Colgate (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC–1; PHD-1)
 Gus Dorais, Notre Dame (College Football Hall of Fame) (HW-2; INS-1; MFP-1; TT-1; SBH-1; TET-1)
 Tommy Hughitt, Michigan (MFP-2; FY-1)
 Alexander D. Wilson, Yale (WC–2; TT-2)
 Shorty Miller, Penn State (WC–3)
 Paul Russell, Chicago (HW-1; INS-2)
 Vernon Prichard, Army (HW-2)

Halfbacks

 James B. Craig, Michigan (WC–1; HW-1; INS-1; MFP-1; FY-1; TT-1; SBH-1; TET-1)
 Eddie Mahan, Harvard (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC-1 [fb]; INS–1; MFP-1; TT-2; SBH-1 [fb]; TET-1)
 Johnny Spiegel, Washington & Jefferson (WC–2)
 Joe Guyon, Carlisle (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC–2; INS-2; PHD-1; TT-1)
 Hobey Baker, Princeton (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC–3; MFP-2)
 Nelson Norgren, Chicago (WC–3; INS-2; MFP-2; FY-1)
 Bob McWhorter, Georgia (College Football Hall of Fame) (PHD-1)
 Elmer Oliphant, Purdue (College Football Hall of Fame) (TT-2)

Fullbacks

 Charles Brickley, Harvard (WC-1 [hb]; INS–1; MFP-1; FY-1; PHD-1; TT-1; SBH-1 [hb]; TET-1)
 Ray Eichenlaub, Notre Dame (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC–2; INS-2; MFP-2; TT-2)
 Lawrence Whitney, Dartmouth (WC–3)
 George E. Julian, Michigan State (MFP–2)

Key
NCAA recognized selectors for 1913
 WC = Collier's Weekly as selected by Walter Camp
 INS = Frank G. Menke, sporting editor of the International News Service

Other selectors
 HW = Harper's Weekly, as selected by football critic Herman Reed
 MFP = Milwaukee Free Press
 FY = Fielding H. Yost, head coach at the University of Michigan
 PHD = Parke H. Davis, Princeton's representative on the football rules committee, in the New York Herald
 TT = Tom Thorp, former captain of Columbia football team and head football coach at Fordham University
 SBH = S. B. Hunt in the Newark Sunday Call
 TET = Trenton Evening-Times, selected by a "well known gridiron critic whose name is withheld by special request"

Bold = Consensus All-American
 1 – First-team selection
 2 – Second-team selection
 3 – Third-team selection

See also
 1913 All-Southern college football team
 1913 All-Western college football team

References

All-America Team
College Football All-America Teams


United Lutheran Church may refer to:

Church organizations
United Evangelical Lutheran Church, 1896 to 1960
United Lutheran Church in America, 1918 to 1962
United Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, 1890 to 1917

Specific places
United Lutheran Church (Grand Forks, North Dakota), listed on the NRHP in Grand Forks County, North Dakota
Christ Hamilton United Lutheran Church and Cemetery, Hamilton Square, Pennsylvania, NRHP-listed
Stiklestad United Lutheran Church, Doran, Minnesota, listed on the NRHP in Minnesota


Carl Christian Hein (August 31, 1868 – April 30, 1937) was an American Lutheran clergyman.

Born in Wiesbaden, Germany, Hein moved to the United States in 1884. He became pastor of a Lutheran church in Marion, Wisconsin, in 1889, and then moved to Detroit, Michigan, in 1891, where he became pastor of a church there. He moved again to Columbus, Ohio, in 1902, where he pastored a church there for twenty-three years.

In 1924 he was elected president of the Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio, that organization's last president. He became the first president of the American Lutheran Church in 1931, and held that position until his death. He opposed a suggested merger between the American Lutheran Church and the United Lutheran Church in America due to his group's opposition to joining Masonic Lodges, which the ULCA tolerated.

References

19th-century Swedish Lutheran priests
People from Wiesbaden
Religious leaders from Wisconsin
1868 births
1937 deaths
20th-century American Lutheran clergy


King's Highway 59, commonly referred to as Highway 59, was a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. It connected Long Point Provincial Park in Norfolk County to the town of Shakespeare in Perth County, passing through the city of Woodstock in Oxford County en route. Several smaller towns also lined the highway, notably Courtland, Delhi, Norwich and Tavistock. Highway 59 featured junctions with Highway 3, Highway 2, Norfolk County Highway 24 and the concurrent routes of Highway 7 and Highway 8. Highway 59 also had an interchange with Highway 401.

Highway 59 was established in 1937 between Highway 3 and Highway 2. In 1961, several highways were renumbered, establishing the final alignment of the route and tripling its length. As part of the mass highway transfers performed during the late 1990s, Highway 59 was decommissioned entirely in 1998.

Route description
The route of Highway 59 followed what is now Norfolk Highway 59, Oxford County Road 59 and Perth County Road 107. The majority of this route travels through rural farmland and small communities, which dominates southwestern Ontario, although there are several notable towns encountered along the highway, including Courtland, Delhi, Norwich, Woodstock and Shakespeare.

In the south, the highway begins at the entrance to Long Point Provincial Park, an important bird sanctuary that serves as a migratory waypoint before and after birds cross Lake Erie. Several National Wildlife Areas are also located along the surrounding shoreline. The highway passes through the community of Long Point, then curves northwest. It intersects Norfolk County Highway 24, formerly Highway 24, midway between Long Point and the town of Langton. It encounters Highway 3 approximately  east of Tillsonburg in the community of Courtland where it turns east and travels concurrently with it for  to the town of Delhi. At an intersection just west of that town, the route continues northwest to the community of Summerville, then curves north to pass through the town of Norwich. Five kilometres (3 mi) north of there, the route curves west and bisects the community of Burgessville. It then curves back to the north and travels straight towards Woodstock.

After crossing Highway 401, the route enters Woodstock, where it is known as Norwich Avenue, Dundas Street and Vansittart Avenue. Dundas Street was also formerly Highway 2, but it was transferred to the County of Oxford at the same time as Highway 59. North of Woodstock, Highway 59 proceeds due north through the communities of Perry Lane, Tollgate, Willow Lake, Huntingford, Strathallan and Hickson before eventually curving northeast near the Oxford–Perth boundary to pass through the town of Tavistock, turning north. Approximately  north of Tavistock, the route ends in the town of Shakespeare at an intersection with the concurrent routes of Highway 7 and Highway 8. North of this intersection, the roadway continues as Perth County Road 107.

History
Highway 59 was established in 1937 when the Department of Highways (DHO) assumed the Delhi–Woodstock Road. This  road was designated on August 25.
The route remained unchanged until the early 1960s, when several highways were renumbered effective December 19, 1961. Highway 19 between Woodstock and Shakespeare was redesignated as Highway 59, while Highway 100 between Thamesford and St. Marys was redesignated as Highway 19. On July 20, 1961,
Highway 59 was extended south from Courtland to Long Point Provincial Park along Norfolk County roads 8 and 8A, which the DHO rebuilt in the years prior. A concurrency was also established along Highway 3 between Courtland and Delhi.
These extensions nearly tripled the length of the highway to .
The route remained this way for nearly four decades. However, on January 1, 1998, as part of budget cutbacks, several highways were transferred to local jurisdiction. Highway 59 was transferred the counties of Norfolk, Oxford and Perth, decommissioning the route entirely.

Major intersections

References

059
1937 establishments in Ontario
1998 disestablishments in Ontario
Roads in Norfolk County, Ontario
Transport in Oxford County, Ontario
Transport in Perth County, Ontario
Transport in Woodstock, Ontario


State Route 97 (SR 97) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways, located near the southern coastline.  It runs  from an intersection with SR 220 in Friendship to an intersection with U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Warren.

Route description
SR 97 begins in the town of Friendship.  Its southern terminus is located at the intersection of SR 220 (Main Street and Waldoboro Road), located in the center of town. SR 220, of which SR 97 is its former alignment, has its southern terminus here. SR 97 proceeds northeast out of town, passes through Cushing, and then enters Warren, where it ends at US 1 near the Oyster River, just west of Thomaston.

The Maine State Prison is located on SR 97 in Warren, near the Cushing town line.

History

All of SR 97 was formerly part of SR 220.  When it was first established in 1929, SR 220 existed as a strange V-shaped route in its southernmost stretch from Waldoboro to Warren (via Friendship).  This meant that a motorist heading north from Friendship to Warren, on what is now SR 97 north, would have been traveling southbound on SR 220.

In 1949, this problem was rectified by truncating SR 220 to its current southern terminus and redesignating the eastern leg of the "V" as SR 97.

Southern terminus of SR 97
The southern terminus of SR 97 is defined as being on Harbor Road near its intersection with Davis Point Road, almost one mile south of its intersection with SR 220.  However, there is no indication of this in the field, as no signage for SR 97 exists on Harbor Road.  In addition, its defined length, , is equal to the distance between SR 220 and US 1 in Warren and is confirmed by the route's signage.

Junction list

References

External links

097
Transportation in Knox County, Maine


Tevian Dray (born March 17, 1956) is an American mathematician
who has worked in general relativity, mathematical physics,
geometry, and both science and mathematics education.  He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2010.

He has primarily worked in the area of classical general relativity.  His
research results include confirmation of the existence of solutions of
Einstein's equation containing gravitational radiation, the use of
computer algebra to classify exact solutions of Einstein's equation, an
analysis of a class of gravitational shock waves (including one of the few
known exact 2-body solutions in general relativity), and
the study of signature change, a possible model for the
Big Bang.  More recently, his work has focused on applications of the
octonions to the theory of fundamental particles.

He was a graduate student under Rainer K. Sachs at
Berkeley, where he received his Ph.D.
in 1981, although much of his dissertation research was done in collaboration with
Abhay Ashtekar. The context of his dissertation, titled The Asymptotic Structure of a Family of Einstein-Maxwell Solutions focused on families of spacetimes which describe accelerating black holes, and which contain gravitational radiation. This demonstrated the existence of exact radiating solutions to the Einstein field equations.
He is currently a professor of mathematics at
Oregon State University.  In addition to his ongoing work in mathematical physics,
he has made significant contributions in science education, where he directs
the Vector Calculus Bridge Project,
 an attempt to teach vector
calculus the way it is used by scientists and engineers, and is part of the
development team of the Paradigms Project,
 a complete
restructuring of the undergraduate physics major around several core
"paradigms".  He has written a book
on special relativity and a sequel on general relativity using differential forms.
, and is coauthor of The Geometry of the Octonions released in 2015.

Bibliography

 (2012) Tevian Dray, The Geometry of Special Relativity (A K Peters/CRC Press)
 (2014) Tevian Dray, Differential Forms and The Geometry of General Relativity (A K Peters/CRC Press)
 (2015) Tevian Dray and Corinne A. Manogue, The Geometry of the Octonions (World Scientific)

References

External links
 Tevian Dray's home page
 Vector Calculus Bridge Project
 Paradigms Project

1956 births
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
American relativity theorists
Oregon State University faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni


Alan Clay (born 1954, Whanganui, New Zealand) is a film director, writer and clown teacher. In his early career he performed and taught extensively as a clown. He wrote three novels and a clown textbook. He went on to write and direct a short film and two feature films, which are adapted from his novels.

Biography
Clay is the son of literacy scientist, Marie Clay.

In 2007 he produced, wrote and directed the short film Moontan, a story about two street clowns swept up in the occupation of New Zealand's last Victorian theatre, the Royal Wanganui Opera House. The script was an adaptation of his first novel, published in 1995.

Moontan screened at the Fringe Film Festival in Wellington, New Zealand in July 2007, and in the Market at the Clermont-Ferrand Short Film Festival 2008 and the Short Film Corner at the Cannes Film Festival in France. A DVD was released in 2009, which includes a 20-minute 'making of' documentary.

Clay produced, wrote and directed his first feature film Butterfly Crush in 2009, which he adapted from his novel Dance Sisters. The film was released in New Zealand in 2010 and will be distributed in North America by Vanguard Cinema.

Butterfly Crush won an "Accolade Award of Excellence" for Best Supporting Actor for Amelia Shankley's portrayal of the Dreamguides leader, Star. The film won the "Best International Narrative Feature" award at the Anthem Film Festival in Las Vegas, which presents "the year's best films about personal and civil liberty". It has also won the "Best Feature Drama" at the Indie Gathering Film Festival in Ohio and the "Best Feature Film" award at the Reel Independent Film Extravaganza in Washington D.C.

Courting Chaos is a 2014 award winning romantic comedy, which Clay wrote and directed. The film is adapted from his book Angels Can Fly, a Modern Clown User Guide and the story is about a Beverly Hills girl who falls for a Venice Beach street clown called Chaos. She must overcome her inhibitions and become a clown herself for the relationship to survive.

Courting Chaos won the Best Comedy Film award at its premiere at the Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival in February 2014 and went on to win the Special Jury Award for Romantic Comedy from WorldFest-Houston International Film Festival, one of the top awards from the oldest independent film festival in the world, where lead actor, Rachelle DiMaria, was also nominated for Best Actor. The film also received Awards of Merit for Best Director and Best Feature Film from the Accolade Competition.

Writing career
His first novel, Moontan, a Clown's Story, was well received at its launch at the Wellington Fringe Festival in New Zealand, and in Australia at the Warana Festival in Brisbane in 1994.

Clay's second novel Dance Sisters was launched at the Melbourne Writers Festival in 1997. In the novel a female song and dance trio threatens to self-destruct on the brink of fame, when its leader becomes involved with a manipulative cult, touting astrology and virtual dreaming.

In Clay's third novel, Believers in Love, a father and daughter team of sand-sculptors embark on an adventure which takes them from Sydney's Bondi Beach to a magic mountain in New Zealand, in which they explore the transient nature of art and life, and discover that dreams are real. American reviews of Believers in Love were positive and as a result Clay toured literary festivals in the United States and Canada in 2003.

In 2005 he published Angels Can Fly, a Modern Clown User Guide, which includes 50 clown exercises developed over 30 years of teaching and to which clowns from around the world have submitted anecdotes from their experience. Angels Can Fly was launched at the Brisbane Festival.

Performing career

Clay studied clowning in Stockholm, Sweden in 1977, and then formed the Imperial Trunk Fools Theatre Company (pictured right), which toured New Zealand in 1978 performing at Community Arts Festivals.

Over the next two years Clay performed with his partner, Kerstin Gronlund, as the duo "High Waves", touring the Pacific Islands and Scandinavia. He started teaching clowning in Oslo, Norway, in 1981 and 1982, and subsequently taught workshops at festivals and arts centres in Germany and Denmark while performing his solo show extensively on the streets throughout Europe.

He formed "Playspace Theatre" in 1984, who toured festivals in New Zealand with "Weird People Playing Normal Games", a theatre performance which had elements of mime, movement and clowning.

In the mid-1990s he toured European and Australian festivals with his teenage son, Michael, as the duo Snap and Crackle (pictured right) including performances at the Pflasterspektakel in Linz, Austria and the Vlissingen International Festival in the Netherlands and the Stockholm Water Festival in Sweden.

During 1997 and 1998 Alan performed together with Amanda Burgess in the duo The Untouchables, touring New Zealand, Australia, the Netherlands, Germany and Austria.

Playspace Studio
Playspace Studio was New Zealand's first clown school, which Alan established in Auckland in 1983 and 1984.

From 1998 to 2006 he re-established Playspace Studio in Newtown Sydney, where he taught year-long clowning courses.

Teaching Clowning
In 1985 Clay was invited to teach residencies at The Drill Hall arts centre in London, and the Aarhus Theatre Akademi, in Denmark, performing at the Copenhagen International Film Festival and at the Festival of Fools in Amsterdam.

He settled in Adelaide in 1989, where he taught youth theatre and TAFE classes over three years and served on the board of the Adelaide Fringe Festival.

From 1992 to 1999 he taught comedy and acting at the Actors Centre Australia and from 2003 to 2006 he taught Clown Masterclasses in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States including teaching and performing at the Tulip Festival in Ottawa, Canada, and Motionfest in Baltimore, USA.

From 2007 until 2010 he taught Clown Retreats in Wanganui, New Zealand and this programme has now been expanded to include a 3-week Summer School.

Notes

External links
 Alan Clay

1954 births
Living people
Australian clowns
Physical theatre
New Zealand film directors
New Zealand screenwriters
New Zealand film producers
Australian film directors
Australian film producers
Australian screenwriters
20th-century Australian novelists
20th-century Australian male writers
21st-century Australian novelists
Australian male novelists
New Zealand male novelists
People from Whanganui
20th-century New Zealand novelists
21st-century New Zealand novelists
Australian male screenwriters
21st-century Australian male writers
New Zealand male screenwriters


The Museum of Ethnology and Paleontology is a museum located in Tsimbazaza in Antananarivo, Madagascar. The museum displays the prehistoric natural history of the island and way of life of its inhabitants.

References

Museums in Antananarivo


Lizzie Zipmouth (2000) is a children's novel by author Jacqueline Wilson. It follows a young girl named Lizzie who copes with moving into a new home. It is aimed for 7- to 10-year-old readers, and is written in a fun and believable way to connect with the audience.

Plot

Lizzie Zipmouth is about a young girl named  Lizzie who moves into a new home with her mother after her once-single mother finds a new boyfriend, Sam. Disgruntled and unhappy about the way these proceedings are going, she doesn't try to make friends with Sam's two sons, Rory and Jake, and keeps to herself by not saying a word. Soon, Jake nicknames her 'Lizzie Zipmouth' because of her obvious silence to everyone. It is only when she meets her scary step-great-grandmother that she begins to find a connection with her new family, bonding with Great-Gran over their love of dolls. However, Great-Gran has a bad stroke, and the family is unsure of the outcome. Lizzie, using Great-Gran's phrases and back-chats, manages to snap Great-Gran out of her ill trance. Soon, Great-Gran is making a full recovery and Lizzie is not so zipmouthed anymore.

References

2000 British novels
British children's novels
Novels by Jacqueline Wilson
2000 children's books
Corgi books


Kangtega, known also as The Snow Saddle, is a major mountain peak of the Himalayas in Nepal. Its summit rises . It was first ascended in 1963.

From the Khumbhu and Hinku Valley areas, Mount Kangtega rises to a saddle-shaped point; thus, the feature earned the name "The Snow Saddle."

Notable ascents and attempts

 1986 Northeast Buttress, alpine-style FA of route by Jay Smith, Mark Hesse, Craig Reason and Paul 'Wally' Teare, Oct 22-29.

References

Mountains of Koshi Province
Six-thousanders of the Himalayas


Platelet swirling is a noninvasive method for testing the quality of platelet-rich plasma (PRP).  Platelet swirling is caused by light diffraction due to the alignment of normal disc-shaped platelets. These discs align light that is diffracted, creating a cloud- or swirl-like appearance.

Results of a platelet swirling test are recorded as positive or extensive swirl, moderate or intermediate swirl, and absent or negative swirl.

References

Further reading

External links

Blood tests


Ravalomanana is a Malagasy surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Lalao Ravalomanana (born 1953),  first lady of Madagascar
Marc Ravalomanana (born 1949), sixth President of Madagascar
Richard Ravalomanana (born 1959), Acting President of Madagascar

Malagasy-language surnames


Whatcote is a village and civil parish in Warwickshire, England, about  northeast of Shipston on Stour in the Vale of the Red Horse. The population at the 2011 census was 143.

Manor
The Domesday Book records that in 1086 Hugh de Grandmesnil, one of William the Conqueror's military commanders, owned the manor of Whatcote. In the latter half of the 14th century Thomas Stafford, 3rd Earl of Stafford acquired the manor. It remained with the Stafford family until 1520 when Edward Stafford conveyed the manor to Sir William Compton. It remained with the Compton family, the Marquess of Northampton until early in the 19th century, but by 1826 it had been acquired by Sir Adolphus Dalrymple. By 1865 Sir Adolphus had sold it to the Peach family, who in turn sold it to Thomas Parker.

Parish church
The Church of England parish church of St. Peter was built in the first half of the 12th century. The nave survives from this period, with a Norman doorway and two Norman windows in the north wall. The tower and several windows in the south wall were added late in the 13th century and the chancel was rebuilt in about 1300. One of the windows in the south wall of the chancel is a 14th-century addition. The south porch, and the parapet and two of the bell-chamber windows of the tower, are 15th century additions. In the 16th or 17th century a buttress was added to shore up part of the north wall. A German bomb badly damaged the nave and porch in 1941 and the building was restored in 1947.

The church tower has three bells. The tenor had been cast in 1652  but was recast by Henry Bond of Burford, Oxfordshire in 1897. John Clark of Evesham cast the second bell in 1711. The treble bell was cast in 1766 but was recast by William Blews & Sons of Birmingham in 1878. In the churchyard are the base and shaft of a medieval cross, from which the top has been lost and replaced with a 17th or early 18th century sundial. St. Peter's is now part of a single benefice with the neighbouring parishes of Oxhill and Tysoe.

Amenities
Whatcote has a public house, the Royal Oak, owned by Henry Jervis of Tysoe.

References

Sources

External links

Villages in Warwickshire
Civil parishes in Warwickshire


Caesium monoxide, (Cs2O), often simply Caesium oxide, is the simplest and most common oxide of the caesium. It forms yellow-orange hexagonal crystals.

Uses
Caesium oxide is used in photocathodes to detect infrared signals in devices such as image intensifiers, vacuum photodiodes, photomultipliers, and TV camera tubes
L. R. Koller described the first modern photoemissive surface in 1929–30 as a layer of caesium on a layer of caesium oxide on a layer of silver. It is a good electron emitter; however, its high vapor pressure limits its usefulness.

Reactions
Elemental magnesium reduces caesium oxide to elemental caesium, forming magnesium oxide as a side-product:

Cs2O  +  Mg  →   2Cs + MgO

Cs2O is hygroscopic, forming the corrosive CsOH on contact with water.

References

Caesium compounds
Oxides


The Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam (), less formally the National Assembly Chairman (N.A. Chairman;  - CTQH), formerly designated as the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly of Vietnam () from 1946 to 1981, is the legislative speaker of Vietnam, presiding over the National Assembly. The National Assembly is, in the words of the constitution, "the highest representative organ of the people; the highest organ of state power".

The chairman is elected by the deputies (members) of the National Assembly in the first season of the assembly's tenure. The Standing Committee, over which the chairman presides, is a permanent body which controls the activities of the National Assembly when it is not in session. The chairman and the other members of the Standing Committee have to resign from their posts when the National Assembly dissolves itself, which it normally does every fifth year. The chairman presides over the sessions of the National Assembly and authenticates laws and resolutions passed by the National Assembly by signing them. The chairman leads the activities of the Standing Committee and organises its external relations with other state bodies and is responsible for maintaining cordial relations between the members of the Standing Committee. The deputies of the National Assembly have the right to question the chairman.

The powers and prestige of the office of chairman has varied throughout the years. For instance, the two first officeholders Nguyễn Văn Tố and Bùi Bằng Đoàn were not members of the Communist Party, while Trường Chinh, the fourth chairman, was ranked second in the Politburo hierarchy. Still, of the ten people who have chaired the National Assembly, five of them have been members of the Politburo. The current chairman is Vương Đình Huệ, and he is ranked third in the Politburo hierarchy.

History
The first chairman of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly was the scholar Nguyễn Văn Tố; he was not a member of the Communist Party. On 3 March 1946, under the chairmanship of Nguyễn Văn Tố, the National Assembly formed the first government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Nguyễn Văn Tố was succeeded in office on 9 November 1946 by Bùi Bằng Đoàn, a poet and another non-Communist Party member. While he was never a member of the Communist Party, he was a committed revolutionary. Tôn Đức Thắng succeeded Bùi Bằng Đoàn as chairman in 1955, and was the first chairman to be a member of the Communist Party. Trường Chinh became the fourth and longest-serving chairman of the National Assembly in Vietnamese history, holding the post from 1960 to 1981, when he became chairman of the State Council, a newly established post. Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, a Southerner, succeeded Trường in 1981, as chairman, but he was not a member of the Politburo. Nguyễn Hữu Thọ stepped down as chairman in 1987, and was succeeded by Lê Quang Đạo, another non-Politburo member. As with Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, Lê Quang Đạo's tenure lasted one term. Nông Đức Mạnh was elected chairman in 1992, and held office until 2001 Nông was the first chairman who came from a minority background, the Tày, and was the first chairman since Trường who was a Politburo member. Nông stepped down in 2001, and was succeeded by Nguyễn Văn An, who served as chairman from 2001 until 2006. On 26 June 2006 Nguyễn Phú Trọng was elected chairman with a majority of 84.58% of the National Assembly deputies in favour. Nguyễn Phú Trọng stepped down in 2011 because of his election to the post of General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, and was succeeded by Nguyễn Sinh Hùng. Nguyễn Sinh Hùng stepped down on 31 March 2016, and was replaced by Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngân. She's the first woman to hold the office. Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngân stepped down on 31 March 2021, and was replaced by Vương Đình Huệ.

List

Notes
1. The Politburo of the Central Committee is the highest decision-making body of the CPV and the Central Government. The membership composition, and the order of rank of the individual Politburo members is decided in an election within the newly formed Central Committee in the aftermath of a Party Congress. The Central Committee can overrule the Politburo, but that does not happen often.
2. These numbers are not official.
3. The Central Committee when it convenes for its first session after being elected by a National Party Congress elects the Politburo. According to David Koh, in interviews with several high-standing Vietnamese officials, the Politburo ranking is based upon the number of approval votes by the Central Committee. Lê Hồng Anh, the Minister of Public Security, was ranked 2nd in the 10th Politburo because he received the second-highest number of approval votes. Another example being Tô Huy Rứa of the 10th Politburo, he was ranked lowest because he received the lowest approval vote of the 10th Central Committee when he stood for election for a seat in the Politburo. This system was implemented at the 1st plenum of the 10th Central Committee. The Politburo ranking functioned as an official order of precedence before the 10th Party Congress, and some believe it still does.
4. Ton Duc Thang took over the vacant position of Bui Bang Doan as he was severely ill at that time, however Bui Bang Doan still held the title of Head of National Assembly until he died in 1955, hence Ton Duc Thang was acting Head of National Assembly during that period

References
General
The number of chairmen of the National Assembly, their names, and when they took and left office, was taken from this source:

Specific

Bibliography

Politics of Vietnam
Vietnam, National Assembly

1946 establishments in Vietnam


The Association of Colombian Universities (), also known as ASCUN, is a non-profit, non-governmental organization, that congregates the public and private Colombian universities.  Its primary objectives are to serve as a permanent space for the discussion of the present and future of the Colombian universities, establish a link between the universities and the national government, perform academic research about higher education, promote continuing education, academic development, establishment of research networks, provide information services, and maintain inter-institutional and international relationships.

The association counts with 75 affiliated institutions, located in the whole country.

See also

 List of universities in Colombia

Notes

External links
 Official website

Educational organisations based in Colombia
College and university associations and consortia in South America


This is a list of foreign players who played in Women's Professional Soccer, a women's soccer league in the United States that ran from 2009–11.  The following players
 have been on the roster for the WPS club(s) listed, not counting preseason.
 have not been capped by the U.S. national team on any level/have been capped by a team other than the U.S. national team.
 were born outside the U.S./have citizenship outside the U.S.

Australia
Collette McCallum — Sky Blue FC (2009)
Lisa De Vanna – Washington Freedom (2009–10) – magicJack (2011)
Heather Garriock – Chicago Red Stars (2009)
Sarah Walsh – Saint Louis Athletica (2009)

Brazil
Adriane – FC Gold Pride (2009)
Cristiane – Chicago Red Stars (2009–10)
Daniela – Saint Louis Athletica (2009)
Elaine – Saint Louis Athletica (2010)
Érika – FC Gold Pride (2009)
Fabiana – Boston Breakers (2009–10)
Formiga – FC Gold Pride (2009) – Chicago Red Stars (2010)
Francielle – Saint Louis Athletica (2009) – Sky Blue FC (2009)
Marta – Los Angeles Sol (2009) – FC Gold Pride (2010) – Western New York Flash (2011)
Maurine – Western New York Flash (2011)
Rosana – Sky Blue FC (2009–10)
Sissi – FC Gold Pride (2009)

Canada
Candace Chapman – Boston Breakers (2009) – FC Gold Pride (2010) – Western New York Flash (2011)
Martina Franko – Los Angeles Sol (2009)
Christine Latham – Boston Breakers (2009)
Karina LeBlanc – Los Angeles Sol (2009) – Philadelphia Independence (2010) – Chicago Red Stars (2010) – magicJack (2011)
Erin McLeod – Washington Freedom (2009–10)
Sharolta Nonen – Los Angeles Sol (2009) – Atlanta Beat (2010)
Kelly Parker – Sky Blue FC (2009, 2010) – Western New York Flash (2011) – Atlanta Beat (2011)
Sophie Schmidt – magicJack (2011)
Lauren Sesselmann – Sky Blue FC (2009) – Atlanta Beat (2010–11)
Christine Sinclair – FC Gold Pride (2009–10) – Western New York Flash (2011)
Melissa Tancredi – Saint Louis Athletica (2009)

China
Han Duan – Los Angeles Sol (2009)

Denmark
Johanna Rasmussen — Atlanta Beat (2010) — magicJack (2011)

England
Eniola Aluko – Saint Louis Athletica (2009–10) – Atlanta Beat (2010) – Sky Blue FC (2011)
Anita Asante – Sky Blue FC (2009, 2011) – Saint Louis Athletica (2010) – Chicago Red Stars (2010) – Washington Freedom (2010)
Karen Carney – Chicago Red Stars (2009–10)
Katie Chapman — Chicago Red Stars (2010)
Gemma Davison – Western New York Flash (2011)
Lianne Sanderson – Philadelphia Independence (2010–11)
Alex Scott – Boston Breakers (2009–11)
Kelly Smith – Boston Breakers (2009–11)
Karen Bardsley — Sky Blue FC (2009–11)

Finland
Laura Kalmari – Sky Blue FC (2010–11)

France
Camille Abily – Los Angeles Sol (2009–10) – FC Gold Pride (2010)
Sonia Bompastor – Washington Freedom (2009–10)

Germany
Shelley Thompson — Atlanta Beat (2010)

Iceland

Hólmfríður Magnúsdóttir – Philadelphia Independence (2010–11)

Italy
Patrizia Panico — Sky Blue FC (2010)

Jamaica
Omolyn Davis – magicJack (2011)

Japan
Eriko Arakawa – FC Gold Pride (2009)
Aya Miyama – Los Angeles Sol (2009) – Saint Louis Athletica (2010) – Atlanta Beat (2010)
Homare Sawa — Washington Freedom (2009–10)
Mami Yamaguchi — Atlanta Beat (2010)

Mexico
Mónica Ocampo — Atlanta Beat (2010)
Verónica Pérez – Saint Louis Athletica (2010)

Netherlands
Daphne Koster — Sky Blue FC (2010)
Petra Hogewoning – Sky Blue FC (2011)

New Zealand
Ali Riley – FC Gold Pride (2010) – Western New York Flash (2011)

Norway
Lene Mykjåland – Washington Freedom (2010)
Solveig Gulbrandsen — FC Gold Pride (2010)

Portugal
Kimberly Brandão – Western New York Flash (2011)

Spain
Verónica Boquete – Chicago Red Stars (2010) – Philadelphia Independence (2011)
Laura del Río – Boston Breakers (2010) – Philadelphia Independence (2011)
Adriana Martín – Sky Blue FC (2011)

Sweden
Madelaine Edlund – Saint Louis Athletica (2010)
Johanna Frisk – Los Angeles Sol (2009)
Caroline Jönsson – Chicago Red Stars (2009)
Sara Larsson – Saint Louis Athletica (2009) – Philadelphia Independence (2010)
Frida Östberg – Chicago Red Stars (2009)
Kosovare Asllani — Chicago Red Stars (2010)
Jessica Landstrom — Sky Blue FC (2010)
Caroline Seger – Philadelphia Independence (2010) — Western New York Flash (2011)
Therese Sjögran – Sky Blue FC (2011)

Switzerland
Ramona Bachmann – Atlanta Beat (2010)

See also
 WPS records and statistics
 List of Boston Breakers players
 List of Chicago Red Stars players
 List of FC Gold Pride players

United States

WPS, foreign
Association football player non-biographical articles
Women's Professional Soccer lists


Reykjavík Whale Watching massacre or RWWM is an Icelandic 2009 horror film.

Plot
A tale about a group of tourists who go on whale watching expedition. During the expedition the ship breaks down and they are picked up by a nearby whaler. The Fishbillies on the vessel have just gone bust and everything goes out of control.

Cast
 Pihla Viitala as Annette
 Nae as Endo
 Terence Anderson as Leon
 Miranda Hennessy as Marie-Anne
 Helgi Björnsson as Tryggvi
 Guðrún Gísladóttir as Mamma
 Stefán Jónsson as Siggi
 Aymen Hamdouchi as Jean Francois
 Snorri Engilbertsson as Anton
 Gunnar Hansen as Captain Pétur
 Thor Kristjansson as Björn
 Ragnhildur Steinunn Jónsdóttir as Hannah Traschle
 Carlos Takeshi as Nobuyoshi
 Halldóra Geirharðsdóttir as Helga
 Hanna María Karlsdóttir as Signý
 Björn Nygårds Kers as Captured Bird Watcher

Release
The film was released in theaters in its native country of Iceland in September. Due to the lack of horror films and the grindhouse feel to the film, many audience members could not take it seriously, not noticing the subtle hints of comedy throughout the movie. Advertisements, which started with the words "The first Icelandic Thriller" were removed and the producers added in "Should only be seen if you have a sense of humor." E1 Entertainment have picked up UK rights for theatrical distribution and was released on 10 May 2010. The film ran in the UK as Harpoon: The Reykjavik Whale Watching Massacre.

References

External links

 Official Facebook
 Official MySpace

2009 films
2009 horror films
2000s English-language films
2000s Icelandic-language films
2000s survival films
English-language Icelandic films
Films about vacationing
Icelandic horror films
Seafaring films
Splatter films
2000s slasher films


The ZN414 is a low cost, single-chip AM radio integrated circuit. Launched in 1972, the part was designed and supplied by Ferranti, but was second sourced from GEC-Plessey. The ZN414 was popular amongst hobbyists, as a fully working AM radio could be made with just a few external components, a crystal earpiece and a 1.5 V cell.

The original ZN414 chip from Ferranti was supplied in a 3-pin, metal TO-18 'transistor' package, whereas the GEC part and later Ferranti ones (ZN414Z) used the plastic TO-92 encapsulation. Later variants, the ZN415 and ZN416, came in 8-pin DIL packages and included a built-in amplifier that could drive headphones and small speakers directly.

The radio circuit inside the ZN414 is based on a design known as Tuned Radio Frequency (TRF). The TRF design is much simpler than the popular, but more complex, superheterodyne radio circuit often used in modern AM receivers. It is principally the use of the TRF circuit that allows almost a whole radio to be fitted into one small, three pin package.

The manufacturing process for the ZN414 chip used a relatively new (for the time) technique known as Collector Diffusion Isolation (CDI). CDI was invented by engineers at Bell Telephone Laboratories and subsequently developed into a commercial process by Ferranti in the UK.

The original ZN41x family have not been manufactured for some time, but modern equivalents to the original 3-pin ZN414 are available, with part codes of MK484, TA7642 (different connections) and (mainly in India, the Far East & Australasia) YS414 and LMF501T. Note that on the YS414 part, pins 1 (output) and 3 (ground/earth) are transposed. Currently (2017) only the TA7642 is manufactured and is used in some AM/FM radios that use the 70 kHz IF single chip VHF-FM IC.

Performance
The upper limit of operation is about 3 MHz, so it's not suitable for a shortwave radio. However, it can be used as an IF amp. The high input impedance means a valve (tube) radio IFT (IF transformer) is much more suitable than a ceramic filter or transistor IFT. Many designs using an SA612 as local oscillator / mixer and the ZN414 / TA7642 have been published on the Internet. AGC is applied by the resistor from the output to the "earthy" end of the input coil. Basic gain is set by the load resistor. The current consumption is so low that a 1.8 V red LED (not the 2.2 V high efficiency types) can be used as a shunt regulator from 3 V batteries or a 5 V supply.

Notes

External links

ZN414Z/415E/416E datasheet
MK484 datasheet
TA7642 datasheet
LMF501T datasheet
Web site with examples of some matchbox radios based on the ZN414Z
Another ZN414 radio
A MK484 radio
A TA7642 radio
Ferranti Electronics ZN414Z/ZN415E/ZN416E datasheet reprint by Jaycar Electronics

Ferranti
Linear integrated circuits