Jennifer Moyle (April 30, 1921 - August 1, 2016) was a British biochemist who helped discover the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis. She also conducted research on the properties of purified isocitric enzymes and calcium import in the mitochondria during cellular respiration.

Biography

Jennifer Moyle was born in Norwich, England and attended Norwich High School for Girls. She was the daughter of S.H. Leonard Moyle and Olive M. Dakin. She had a sister named Vivian, who also studied biochemistry.

Moyle began schooling at Norwich High School for Girls in 1926 where she remained until entering Girton College of Cambridge University in 1939. While studying there, she earned a "Title of Bachelor of Arts Degree", the equivalent of modern-day Bachelor of Arts, in 1942. She specialized in Biochemistry, and also attended many lectures on philosophy.

In 1955, Moyle began her PhD work at the University of Edinburgh, and was awarded a PhD in zoology in 1958.

Moyle conducted a lot of research regarding cellular respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, and properties of purified isocitric enzymes. She was a major contributor to the development of the chemiosmotic theory regarding ATP synthesis.

Military service

Shortly after earning her degree, Moyle entered the Auxiliary Territorial Service during World War II. She went into military intelligence, where she soon become an intelligence officer in MI8. There, she was promoted to second in command of a section dealing with intelligence obtained from ciphers breaking German codes.

After World War II, she continued service for another year helping teach servicemen how to return to civilian life.

Research
Moyle began her career in biochemistry research in 1964 when she joined a Cambridge biochemistry lab. She began as an assistant to Marjory Stephenson, but after a few years Stevenson introduced Moyle to Peter D. Mitchell, with whom Moyle worked for the majority of her research career. Jennifer's main research focus was cellular respiration. for a short period, Moyle worked with Malcolm Dixon, and the two focused their work on the purification of isocitric enzymes.

Purified isocitric enzymes

Jennifer Moyle published an article on the properties of purified isocitric enzymes in August 1956 with Malcolm Dixon. The article describes the chemical and physical properties of isocitric enzymes, various reactions they are involved in, causes for their inactivation, and a hypothesis for the mechanism of reaction. Moyle and Dixon authored another paper regarding the isocitric enzyme Triphosphopyridine Nucleotide-linked isoCitric Dehydrogenase-Oxalosuccinic Carboxylase. The paper outlines the proper method of the purification of that enzyme.

Chemiosmotic theory
One of Moyle's major contributions to the field of biochemistry is her contribution to the development of the chemiosmotic theory. Moyle conducted research with Peter Mitchell, at Glynn House, on chemiosmotic reactions and reaction mechanisms, which led to the development of the theory in 1967. The chemiosmotic theory explained the mechanism for oxidative phosphorylation, stating that ATP synthesis requires chemiosmosis to function. The proton gradient across the inner membrane of the mitochondria is created by the electron transport chain. This causes protons to re-enter the mitochondrial matrix through the protein ATP synthase. The movement of protons through this enzyme causes mechanical movement and a conformational change in the enzyme that combines ADP and inorganic phosphate to produce ATP. The proposal of the chemiosmotic theory was not accepted in the scientific community for over ten years. When it finally was accepted, Peter Mitchell received a Nobel prize for their work. While the Nobel committee recognized Moyle's contributions, she did not receive a Nobel prize.

Mitochondria and cellular respiration
The chemiosmotic theory was radical at the time, and it was not immediately accepted by the scientific community. One experiment that Moyle and Mitchell conducted in 1967 was an investigation of ways to improve the precision at which the quotients of translocation of a proton to oxygen can be measured, and what the optimum conditions are for these measurements. Their goal was to improve the precision of that measurement in order to allow others to confirm their findings in the proposed chemiosmotic hypothesis. They conducted this experiment because the arrangement of the electron transport chain was only a hypothesis at the time, and it had been inferred from a quotient of protons translocated to oxygen in the chain (→H+/O). Moyle and Mitchell isolated mitochondria from a rat liver, measured pH displacement across the mitochondrial membrane, and computed the relationship between proton translocation and changes in pH. They found that the pulses of acidification of the inner membrane space of the mitochondria are due to the transport of H+ ions from the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space, and can't be attributed to the formation and breakdown of an intermediate as was previously hypothesized. Their work provided sufficient detail for others to reproduce their experiment and confirm their previous findings regarding the chemiosmotic theory.

An article published jointly with Peter Mitchell in 1977 outlines their work regarding calcium import into mitochondria in the rat's liver during cellular respiration. In the article, they state that this import of calcium happens electrophoretically, and that evidence had already been obtained showing that one electric charge is translocated through a lanthanide-sensitive transporter system per a single calcium ion (Ca2+) imported. Moyle and Mitchell isolated rat liver mitochondria to investigate their hypothesis that the calcium transporter is in fact a calcium phosphate transporter, defined in the article as a "(Ca2)4+--HPO42- symporter." Their results were consistent with their hypothesis, showing that a lanthanide-sensitive (Ca2)4+--HPO42- symporter that is insensitive to NEM and mersalyl catalyzed calcium translocation in the mitochondria of the rat liver.

Research colleagues

Peter D. Mitchell
Jennifer Moyle and Peter Mitchell were research colleagues for over thirty years, beginning around 1948 and continuing until Moyle's retirement in 1983. They worked together on many research projects, including the development of the chemiosmotic theory. Moyle designed many of the experiments that were fundamental in testing the theory's hypothesis, and she helped Mitchell win the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1978.

Moyle and Mitchell also cofounded charitable research company known as Glynn Research Ltd., a research institute that promoted biological research from 1964 to 1987.

Malcolm Dixon
Jennifer Moyle and Malcolm Dixon worked together for roughly two years. During this time together, they researched the properties of purified isocitric enzymes and published their findings.

References

1921 births
2016 deaths
Alumni of Girton College, Cambridge
British women biochemists
English biochemists
People educated at Norwich High School for Girls
20th-century British women scientists
21st-century British women scientists


Clarkia speciosa is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common name redspot clarkia. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the Central Coast and mountains and from the Sierra Nevada foothills. The plant is variable across its intergrading subspecies, taking a decumbent to erect form with a stem up to about half a meter long. The open or dense inflorescence has opening flowers and several closed buds. As the bud opens the sepals all separate from each other. The fan-shaped petals are up to 2.5 centimeters long and may be lavender to pink to deep red, sometimes fading to white or yellowish at the base. There is sometimes, but not always, a large bright red spot near the middle of the petal.

There are four subspecies of this plant. One, ssp. immaculata (also sometimes called var. immaculata), is known as the Pismo clarkia and is federally listed as an endangered species. It is known from about 20 occurrences on the coastline of San Luis Obispo County near Pismo Beach. This subspecies takes a decumbent form and the petals lack the red spot.

The subspecies nitens and polyantha are only found in the Sierra foothills.

References

External links

Jepson Manual Profile
Photo gallery: ssp. immaculata
Photo gallery: ssp. speciosa

speciosa
Flora of California
Plants described in 1953
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


The Vermont Catamounts are the varsity intercollegiate athletic programs of the University of Vermont, based in Burlington, Vermont, United States. The school sponsors 18 athletic programs (8 men's, 10 women's), most of which compete in the NCAA Division I America East Conference (AEC), of which the school has been a member since 1979. The men's and women's ice hockey programs compete in Hockey East. The men's and women's alpine and nordic skiing teams compete in the Eastern Intercollegiate Ski Association (EISA). The school's athletic director is Jeff Schulman.

The Catamounts have won six national championships, all in skiing. The program's mascot is Rally and colors are green and gold.

Teams

Vermont is one of only four NCAA Division I schools that do not sponsor volleyball or baseball. The other three are Boston University, Detroit Mercy, and Drexel.

Basketball

The men's basketball team won the 2003, 2004, 2005, 2010, 2012, 2017, 2019,  2022, and 2023, America East Conference Championships, qualifying for the NCAA Tournament in each of those seasons. In the 2005 NCAA tournament, the team, seeded #13 in the Austin Regional, upset #4 Syracuse 60–57 in overtime. Sports Illustrated named the upset one of the top 10 NCAA Tournament upsets of the 2000s.

Ice hockey

The men's ice hockey team appeared in the NCAA Tournament Frozen Four in 1996 and 2009. They also qualified for the NCAA Tournament in 1988, 1997, 2010, and 2014.

UVM's men's hockey team has produced 18 NHL players in its history. UVM alumni currently in the NHL include Viktor Stålberg '09 (New York Rangers), Torrey Mitchell '07 (Montreal Canadiens), Patrick Sharp '02 (Dallas Stars), Kevan Miller '11 (Boston Bruins), Connor Brickley '14 (Florida Panthers) and Michael Paliotta '15 (Chicago Blackhawks). Martin St. Louis '97, Eric Perrin '97, Sharp, Tim Thomas '97, and former NHL All-Star John LeClair '91 won the Stanley Cup in their careers. In 2004, St. Louis was awarded the Hart Memorial Trophy as the NHL's MVP, the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading scorer, and the Lester B. Pearson Award as the league's most outstanding player in the regular season as judged by the members of the NHL Players Association. Thomas was awarded the Vezina Trophy as the NHL's top goaltender in 2009 and 2011, and the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. UVM is the only NCAA program in history to count alumni who have won both the Hart Trophy and the Vezina Trophy, as well as the only NCAA program to generate an Art Ross winner.

Skiing
The UVM ski team has won six national championships (1980, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994, 2012) and 33 EISA titles, most recently in 2014. The team has had 54 individual national champions, over 273 All-Americans, and 66 US Ski Team members.

Soccer

The men's soccer team has appeared in the NCAA Tournament twelve times, including trips to the NCAA Tournament Quarterfinals in 1989 and 2022.

Women's teams

Basketball

Vermont's women's basketball team has performed well in the America East tournament. In 2013, it made a conference-record 18th appearance in the semifinals. It has the most wins in tournament play, with 35 (2013 field). It has advanced at least one round in 19 of the 24 tournaments.

The Catamounts were the first women's basketball program to go undefeated during the regular season in back-to-back seasons (1991–1992 and 1992–1993), a feat matched only by Connecticut (2008–2009 and 2009–2010).

In the 2012–2013 season, the program had a total attendance mark of 10,579.

Former varsity teams

Baseball

After the 2009 season, the Vermont baseball program, which played at Centennial Field, was cut along with softball as a part of the university's budget cuts. Prior to the cuts of 2009, Vermont baseball was the winningest program at UVM with a .532 winning percentage (1485–1306).

Ten Vermont baseball players reached the major leagues, including Larry Gardner, who started at third base for four World Series champions in his 17-year (1908–24) big league career, lefthanded pitcher Ray Collins, who won 87 games in seven MLB seasons and started the first World Series game ever played at Fenway Park, and Kirk McCaskill, who won 110 games during his Major League career.

Football

Vermont had a varsity football team that competed from 1886 until 1974. They were members of the Yankee Conference from 1947 until the program was disbanded.

Nickname and mascot history

On February 6, 1928,  The Vermont Cynic asked the University of Vermont undergraduates if they would like to have a mascot. The choices offered up by ballot were a tomcat, camel, cow, or catamount. By a vote of 138–126 the catamount became the first University of Vermont Mascot, Charlie Catamount.

For a brief time between 1968 and 1969 UVM had a live mascot named "Rink". Rink was a puma cub born in captivity at a Peoria, Illinois zoo and owned by avid hockey fans Nancy and Robert "Tiny" Leggett, of South Burlington, VT.  As Rink grew from 10 lbs to over 100 lbs the couple became unable to care for him and were reported plans to donate him to Canada's Granby Zoo.

Kitty Catamount joined Charlie as a "Catamount Couple" and the two mascots were married at a UVM hockey game in the 1970s.

In a rebranding of mascots, Rally Cat was introduced in 2003.

Facilities
As of 2020 Vermont is in the process of replacing Patrick Gym. The new arena named the Tarrant Center is being constructed next to Gutterson Field House and will have a capacity of 3,200 people.

References

External links


Pontiac Moon is a 1994 adventure film directed by Peter Medak, and produced by Robert Schaffel and Youssef Vahabzadeh.

The film stars Ted Danson as Washington Bellamy, a "pigheaded" science teacher in a small town of California, as well as Mary Steenburgen as his wife Katherine. Danson was also one of three executive producers of the film, along with Jeffrey D. Brown (co-writer) and Robert Benedetti.

Plot
The film takes place in the summer of 1969, when NASA astronauts successfully landed on the Moon for the first time, in the Apollo 11 spacecraft.

Katherine Bellamy, suffering from panic attacks caused by an automobile accident which resulted in the loss of their unborn child, suffers from agoraphobia. In contrast, her husband Washington Bellamy is a man of adventure who enjoys travel and experiencing life. As a result of the conflict between them, their 11-year-old son Andy has never traveled in a car, nor has he ever left town.

Washington, who also maintains a ragtag collection of automobiles of various vintages, decides to travel with Andy to the Spires of the Moon National Park (a fictitious park possibly based on Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve). They plan to arrive at the very moment that the Apollo 11 crew lands on the Moon.

They make the trip in Washington's 1949 Pontiac Eight Chieftain DeLuxe convertible (the grille indicates it's a 1950) nicknamed "Old Chief". The car's mileage, when arriving at its destination, will be exactly the distance in miles from the Earth to the Moon. On the way they make some enemies, new friends, and learn the meaning of family.

When Katherine finds out where her husband and son are going, she faces her fears (she hasn't been out the house for seven years), and follows them in one of Washington's cars, an Amphicar. She learns the importance of living as she follows the Pontiac to Spires of the Moon.

On the way, the Pontiac's engine dies, and Washington arranges for a mechanic to install a replacement one, only to leave the premises without paying for it as he doesn't have enough money to pay. At the moment of the Apollo 11 landing, the Pontiac crashes into a crater at Spires of the Moon, with Andy at the wheel. Katherine arrives, and they escape a police chase by driving the Amphicar into a lake to Canada and safety.

The adventure brings the Bellamy family together, and they are now ready to begin a more normal life.

Cast

 Ted Danson as Washington Bellamy
 Mary Steenburgen as Katherine Bellamy
 Ryan Todd as Andy Bellamy
 Eric Schweig as Ernest Ironplume
 Cathy Moriarty as Lorraine

Production
Parts of the film were shot in Cisco, Crescent Junction, Ruby Ranch Road, and Arches National Park in Utah.

Year-end lists
 4th worst – Bob Strauss, Los Angeles Daily News

References

External links
 NYT Review

1994 films
1990s adventure films
American adventure films
Films directed by Peter Medak
Films set in 1969
Paramount Pictures films
Films scored by Randy Edelman
Films shot in Utah
1990s English-language films
1990s American films


Quercus myrsinifolia is an Asian species of tree in the beech family Fagaceae. It has several common names, including bamboo-leaf oak, Chinese evergreen oak, and Chinese ring-cupped oak. Its Chinese name is ; pinyin: , which means little leaf ring-cupped oak (literally translated as little leaf green ridge tree), in Japan it is called  and in Korea it is known as  (). It is native to east central and southeast China, Japan, Korea, Laos, northern Thailand, and Vietnam.  It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis.

Description

Quercus myrsinifolia is an evergreen oak tree that grows up to  tall.
Leaves are  60–110 × 18–40 mm with serrulate margins;  the petiole is 10–25 mm long.
The acorns are ovoid to ellipsoid, 14–25 × 10–15 mm, and glabrous with a rounded apex; the flat scar is approx. 6 mm in diameter.  Cupules are 5–8 × 10–18 mm, enclosing 1/3–1/2 of acorn, bracts are not connate at the apex.

Gallery

References

External links

myrsinifolia
Trees of China
Trees of Japan
Trees of Korea
Trees of Taiwan
Flora of Indo-China
Plants described in 1850


Rick Batalla is an actor, theatre director and playwright.

Biography
He grew up in Santa Monica.
He has worked both in front of the camera as a series regular (Payne, HUD, True Love), and as a guest star (Married... with Children, Living Single, Brooklyn South, 8 Simple Rules) on various television shows, and in films like Eraser with Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Gia with Angelina Jolie.

Rick is also involved in LA Theater. He is a founding member of the Troubadour Theater Company, which takes current music, and sets it to the plays of Shakespeare.

Plays
 My Mexican Life
 Blake…Da Musical, Ovation Award-winning musical about Robert Blake
 "CHiPs The Musical"

References

External links
Artist's website

Living people
1962 births
Male actors from Santa Monica, California
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
Writers from Santa Monica, California


In December 1989, Brazilian billionaire businessman Abilio Diniz was the victim of a kidnapping, that took place on the day of the first Brazilian democratic presidential elections after a military dictatorship. His kidnapping was meant to raise money for Sandinista guerrillas.

It was followed by an almost immediate police rescue that revealed that among the kidnappers were Chileans, Argentinians and two Canadians: David Spencer and Christine Lamont, both students at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia.

The candidates were Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, founding member of the Workers' Party (Partido dos trabalhadores - PT), and Fernando Collor de Mello, the right wing party candidate running for a newly formed National Reconstruction Party (Partido da reconstrução nacional - PRN). As there was a prohibition of any political party of talking to the media; television, radio or newspapers, on the days prior to election day, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's party had no opportunity to clarify the accusations that the party (PT) was involved in the kidnapping.

Kidnapping
The kidnapping took place in the morning of the Brazilian presidential election in Brazil in 1989 when the candidates were Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, founding member of the Workers' Party, and Fernando Collor de Mello, the right wing party candidate running for a newly formed National Reconstruction Party, backed by the richest man in Alagoas, senator João Lyra, who reportedly gave up to $16 million to help elect Collor.

When arrested, the kidnappers characterized themselves as members of a left-wing group.

In June 1989, two Canadians David Spencer and Christine Lamont joined the kidnap-gang. They used their Canadian passports and contacts to rent a number of apartments in preparation for the next victim, the principal shareholder of Brazil's largest supermarket chain, Abilio Diniz. In December 1989 Diniz was dragged out of his Mercedes-Benz as he was on his way to work and then bundled into a station wagon disguised as an ambulance. At the safe-house, he was kept in a small underground cell and subjected to loud music to break his will. While the family of Diniz was negotiating payment of a $5 million ransom, the police stormed the house in São Paulo where he was held. This was based on a tip from a neighbor who complained that the music coming from the building was too loud. In fact, it was being used to break his will, but Diniz had requested it be turned up higher, which ultimately saved him. Diniz was freed and ten people were arrested. The police arrested five Chileans, two Argentines, a Brazilian, along with the two Canadians Spencer and Lamont. Chilean police were later able to confirm that three of the Chileans are members of the Movement of the Revolutionary Left:
Ulises Gallardo Acevedo - Movement of the Revolutionary Left cadre
Pedro Fernandes Lembach - an explosives expert, was secretary of Chile's National Council of Political Prisoners while he was in jail in Chile.
Maria Emilia Badilla - spent 10 years in jail in Chile for ''subversive activities.

The Canadians

David Spencer

David Spencer was born in  in Moncton, New Brunswick. A university dropout who moved to Vancouver in the 1980s where he found work at an alternate radio station. There he met Christine Lamont, a student at Simon Fraser University. The two soon became supporters of the Sandinista movement in Nicaragua and became members of Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador. In 1989, using false passports, the two traveled to Managua, the capital of Nicaragua making contact with various left wing groups including the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front. They spent six months in Managua, supposedly, as translators for a Spanish newspaper.

Christine Lamont

Christine Lamont was born in  in Langley, British Columbia and a student at Simon Fraser University (SFU) in the late 1980s. During her time at SFU she worked at CFRO-FM, a community radio station, where she met David Spencer. The two became involved in Latin American solidarity activism, supporting left-wing movements like the Sandinistas in Nicaragua and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) guerrillas in El Salvador. In 1989, using false passports, the two traveled to Managua, the capital of Nicaragua. They spent six months in Managua, supposedly, as translators for a Spanish newspaper.

Trial and aftermath

In 1990, the two were both sentenced to 28 years in prison for kidnapping. Both Lamont and Spencer professed that they were innocent victims and had no involvement in the kidnapping. Their plight became a cause célèbre in Canada and led to a strain in relations between Canada and Brazil. The couple were able to garner a lot of support from family, fellow Canadians, the news media and the Canadian government. Lamont's parents were very active in gaining support for the two and apparently spent thousands of dollars support trying to win their freedom.

While both Lamont and Spencer stated they were innocent, there were several inconsistencies with their story. First, trial transcripts show that the two had rented two houses in São Paulo using false passports and letters of reference. One of these houses was later used to house Diniz. Secondly, these transcripts state that Spencer had obtained the materials the cell later used to house Diniz. Finally, they also state that Spencer had actually participated in guarding the kidnap victim.

Lamont and Spencer continued to maintain their innocence, however, their story started to unravel four years later when a secret weapons cache in Managua exploded (the Sandinistas had lost power by this point). Among the material exposed by the explosion were documents that linked both Lamont and Spencer to the Diniz kidnapping. Faced with these revelations, Lamont admitted that they had been involved in the kidnapping.

Release

Lamont and Spencer continued to battle the Brazilian government in an effort to be deported back to Canada. In November 1998 after a hunger strike by the pair, the Brazilian government accused them of violating "good behaviour" and refused to release them to Canadian authorities. That decision was soon reversed, and on November 21, 1998 they landed in Abbotsford, British Columbia and were immediately taken to a local prison. Two years later the pair was granted full parole.

See also

Sergio Apablaza
Isabel Vincent, See no evil. Reed Books Canada, 1996.
Caroline Mallan, Wrong time, wrong place? Key Porter Books, 1996

References

Kidnappings in Brazil
1989 crimes in Brazil
December 1989 events in South America


Arabsat-1B was a Saudi Arabian communications satellite which was operated by Arabsat. It was used to provide communication services to the Arab States. It was constructed by Aérospatiale, based on the Spacebus 100 satellite bus, and carried two NATO E/F-band (IEEE S band) and twenty five NATO G/H-Band (IEEE C band) transponders. At launch, it had a mass of , and an expected operational lifespan of seven years.

History
Arabsat-1B was launched aboard  on mission STS-51-G. Discovery was launched from LC-39A at the Kennedy Space Center at 11:33:00 GMT on 17 June 1985. It was deployed from Discovery, and boosted to a geosynchronous transfer orbit by means of a PAM-D upper stage. Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud flew aboard the Shuttle to supervise deployment, becoming the first Saudi citizen and first member of royalty to fly in space. Morelos 1 and Telstar 303 were also deployed on the same mission.

Arabsat 1B was placed into a geosynchronous orbit at a longitude of 26° East. In October 1991, a problem developed with the spacecraft's attitude control system, causing it to drift eastward out of control. The same fault had developed aboard its sister satellite, Arabsat-1A, a month earlier. It failed completely in early 1992.

See also

1985 in spaceflight

References

1985 in spaceflight
Derelict satellites orbiting Earth
Spacecraft launched in 1985
Satellites using the Spacebus bus
Satellites of Saudi Arabia
1985 in Saudi Arabia


Stacy Jones is a singer, songwriter, and guitarist for the band American Hi-Fi.

Stacy Jones may also refer to:
Stacy Jones (baseball) (born 1967), baseball player
Stacy Jones, a fictional character played by Didi Conn in Thomas and the Magic Railroad

See also
Stacey Jones, rugby player


The Raychem Corporation was founded in Redwood City, California, in 1957 by Paul M. Cook, James B. Meikle, and Richard W. Muchmore. Led by Cook and second-in-command Robert M. Halperin, Raychem became a pioneer of commercial products realized through radiation chemistry.

History
The original name of the company was RayTherm Wire and Cable and later formed a subsidiary named RayClad Tubes. The company changed names to avoid confusion with Raytheon. The company was a spin-off from SRI International, and their founding technology was wire and cable that used radiation cross-linked polymer insulation targeted at military and aerospace applications. This was the first known use of radiation chemistry for commercial products. The company soon invented heat-shrinkable tubing also targeted at electronic applications.

By 1980 the company had expanded to over 30 countries, including a major branch in Swindon, UK and made the Fortune 500 list. It was recognized as one of the fastest-growing companies in the United States at that time. The company had only three CEOs until the company was acquired by Tyco International in 1999. Those CEOs were Paul Cook (Founder), Bob Saldich (a long-time Raychem executive, who also ran a Raychem subsidiary, RayNet) and Dick Kashnow, who was responsible for the sale of Raychem to Tyco International.

At the time of the sale the company had reached sales exceeding $2 billion and was operating in over 60 countries globally.   The company invented many breakthrough technologies, including PolySwitch PPTC circuit protection devices, and the touchscreen, popular today and branded under the name Elo TouchSystems. The company's alumni now populate many CEO and president positions in a variety of industries.  The major market segments where Raychem operated were aerospace and defence, automotive, telecommunications, energy networks, consumer electronics and transportation.

Fortune 500 rankings

Legacy
Many products today still carry the Raychem brand; however, confusingly, two different companies sell them: Tyco International split into three companies in 2007: Tyco International, TE Connectivity (Formerly Tyco Electronics) and Covidien. In 2012, Tyco International sold Tyco Thermal Controls to Pentair plc. Renamed Pentair Thermal Management, this group continues to provide customers with the Raychem brand name for industrial, commercial and residential trace heating solutions. TE Connectivity sells the other original Raychem products (shrink tubing, wire and cable, SolderSleeve Devices, etc.) under the Raychem brand name.

The Circuit Protection business unit, maker of PolySwitch devices, was sold to Littelfuse Corp. in 2016. Elotouch was sold to a private equity firm several years prior to that. TE Connectivity has multiple R&D Sites which include China & India. It operates in India through Raychem RPG, a 50:50 JV with 22000Cr + RPG Group. This Joint Venture specialises in Connection technologies up to 1200kV & has also introduced Speciality Low loss Transformers.

See also
Dominique Trempont, 14 years Raychem key executive

References

Manufacturing companies based in California
Companies based in Menlo Park, California
University spin-offs


Keyun Lu Station () is a station on Line 5 of the Guangzhou Metro. It is located at the under the junction of Huangpu Avenue Middle () and Keyun Road () in the Tianhe District, near Tianhe Science and Technology Park (). It opened on 28December 2009.

References

Railway stations in China opened in 2009
Guangzhou Metro stations in Tianhe District


Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College () is a government medical school in Bangladesh, established on 5 November 1992. It is located in Bogra town. It is affiliated with the Rajshahi Medical University.

It has a 5-year medical education course leading to an MBBS. One-year internship after graduation is compulsory for all graduates. The degree is recognised by the Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council

History
Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College was established on 5 November 1992. At first, it was started as a medical college collaborating with Mohammad Ali Hospital, Bogra. In 2006, a brand new hospital and college campus was constructed on the outskirts of Bogra city, beside the Dhaka-Rangpur highway, named on the basis of Shaheed President Ziaur Rahman who was born at Bogra. On 31 August 2006, the new campus at Silimpur started its journey. Previously about 50 students could get the chance to study there through nationwide examination for admission to public medical colleges of the country every year. From 2005, the numbers increased to about 180.

See also
 List of medical colleges in Bangladesh

References

External links

Medical colleges in Bangladesh
Hospitals in Bangladesh
Educational institutions established in 1992
1992 establishments in Bangladesh
Organisations based in Bogra District


Clarkia springvillensis is a rare species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common name Springville clarkia. It is endemic to central Tulare County, California, where it is known from fewer than 20 occurrences around Springville. It is a federally listed threatened species.

Distribution and habitat
A few populations of this plant are located on private land, but several others grow on land at least partially protected by the California Department of Fish and Game, the Bureau of Land Management, and the US Forest Service within the bounds of Sequoia National Forest.

Threats to the species include non-native plant species, road maintenance, grazing and trampling by livestock, and development; the population growing on the type locality near Springville was extirpated when the land was made into a mobile home park.

Description
Clarkia springvillensis is an annual herb growing erect to approach a maximum height near . The lance-shaped leaves are up to 9 centimeters long. The herbage is hairless and waxy in texture.

The inflorescence bears open flowers and hanging, closed flower buds. The deep red sepals remain fused together as the petals bloom from one side. Each petal is a diamond-shaped blade at the end of a long claw. It is pinkish-lavender with a purple spot at the base. There are 8 stamens, some with large, red anthers and some with smaller, paler anthers. The stigma protrudes from the center.

Clarkia springvillensis was first described by Frank Charles Vasek in a 1964 issue of Madroño, the journal of the California Botanical Society.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Profile — Clarkia springvillensis
Clarkia springvillensis Photo gallery

springvillensis
Endemic flora of California
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Natural history of Tulare County, California
Sequoia National Forest
Plants described in 1964
Threatened flora of California


Canner is an English surname found mainly in the Midlands of England and also distributed in New England and elsewhere. It was first recorded as early as 1201 but has never been at all common: the meaning was thought by P. H. Reaney to be a tradesman who made base-metal cans (e.g. ale cans, oil cans, etc.)

In Hanks, Patrick et al. (2002) The Oxford Names Companion. Oxford U P; p. 109 there is an entry for Cann which claims that Canner is just a variant. No explanation is given and the two names have as far as the evidence goes to be quite separate: that part of the volume was first issued in 1988 (ed. Hanks & Hodges). The very early record is—le Cannere and the distribution in the Midlands suggests Burton on Trent as significant (Burton Abbey was famous for the brewing of beer and ale which still continues commercially).

People with the surname include:
 Liz Canner (born 1968), American filmmaker
 Thomas Canner, Archdeacon of Dorset from 1542 to 1547

References

External links
Canner; American Surnames

Occupational surnames
English-language occupational surnames


This is a list of songs that topped the Belgian Walloon (francophone) Ultratop 40 in 2000.

See also
2000 in music

References

External links
 Ultratop 40

2000 in Belgium
2000 record charts
2000


The Casselman Vikings are a Canadian Junior ice hockey team in Casselman, Ontario.  The Vikings play in the Eastern Ontario Junior Hockey League (EOJHL). Between 2014-15 and the end of the 2019-2020 seasons, the EOJHL and the CCHL set a new agreement  in an attempt to create a better player development model. This resulted in the league re-branding itself as the Central Canada Hockey League Tier 2 (CCHL2), and shrinking to 16 teams and two divisions. The league reverted to the Eastern Ontario Junior Hockey League for 2021. Prior to 2015, their league was known as the Eastern Ontario Junior Hockey League of the Ottawa District Hockey Association.  The Vikings have won the Carson Trophy three times and were the 2014 Don Johnson Memorial Cup Eastern Canadian Jr. B Champions.

History
Founded in 1986, the Stars won the Cameron Trophy six times as the Ottawa District Hockey Association's top Junior C club.  The first time was in 1989, and then again in 1993.  In 1997, the Stars set up a dynasty: winning in 1998, 1999, and 2000.

The 2004-05 season was great for the Stars.  After finishing first in the league with 28 wins in 36 games, the Stars defeated the Rockland Nationals 4-games-to-none in the league semi-final and then their rivals, the Embrun Panthers, 4-games-to-1 to win their sixth crown.

In the 2005-06 season, the Stars again finished in first place with 27 wins in 36 games.  In the semi-final they defeated the Saint-Isidore Eagles 4-games-to-1 and then were upset by the Embrun Panthers in the final 4-games-to-3.

After a disappointing 2006-07 season, in which the Stars finished seventh place overall, they were swept 4-games-to-none in the league quarter-final by the East Ottawa Thunder.

In 2007, the Stars ownership attempted to fill the void left in the Eastern Ontario Junior B Hockey League by the Junior "A" expansion of the Kemptville 73's.  When the Casselman franchise could not be put together fast enough, the Stars program was suspended for the 2007-08 Eastern Junior C season.

The Casselman Stars were founded in 1986 as members of the Eastern Ontario Junior C Hockey League.  In 2007, the ownership of the team pulled their membership out of the EOJCHL with the intention of joining the Junior B Eastern Ontario Junior Hockey League.  After sitting out a year, the group was awarded a Junior B franchise and changed the team's name to the Vikings.  The league's Junior C spot was given to a new team called the Cumberland Bandits.

The Viking have won three Carson Trophies as EOJHL champions (2012, 2014 and 2015).  On April 22, 2014, the Vikings became the first Ontario team to ever play at the Don Johnson Memorial Cup tournament, originally competed for by only Atlantic Canada teams.

2013-14 Championship season
The Vikings finished the 2013-14 regular season with the top record in the St. Lawrence Division, their conference, and the entire EOJHL with 35 wins, 2 losses, and 4 overtime losses.  In their division semi-final, the Vikings swept the Akwesasne Wolves in four games and then beat the Winchester Hawks 4-games-to-1 to win the Division title.  The Vikings then defeated the Gananoque Islanders 4-games-to-1 to win the Rideau-St. Lawrence Conference championship.  The Vikings moved on to the Carson Trophy finals against the Metro-Valley Conference champion Ottawa West Golden Knights.  Casselman quickly found themselves in trouble as the Golden Knights mounted a 3-games-to-1 lead, but the Vikings came back with 3-2 and 4-1 victories to force game seven.  In Game 7, Taylor Widenmaier scored in the first to take an early lead, with Ottawa West tying the game in the second.  With 37 seconds left in regulation, the Golden Knights scored a possible game-winning goal, but with only 14 seconds left Thierry Henry tied up the game forcing overtime.  1:18 into the second extra frame, Captain Joel Adam scored the game-winning goal to give the Vikings their second Carson Trophy as EOJHL champions.

As of 2014, the hockey organizations of Atlantic Canada decided to allow a representative of Eastern Ontario into their Junior B championship tournament, the Don Johnson Memorial Cup.  Since 1982, the "DoJo" has been exclusive to Atlantic Canadian provinces, but beginning in 2014 has rebranded itself the "Eastern Canadian Junior B Championship".  By winning the Carson Trophy, the Vikings became the first team to gain entry to the championship from west of the Atlantic Region.  On April 22, the Vikings made this a reality by facing the Fredericton Jr. Caps of the New Brunswick Junior B Hockey League in Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia.  The Viking took their first ever DoJo game by a score of 6-1.  The next day, the Vikings took on the Nova Scotia Junior Hockey League's champion Sackville Blazers and defeated them 7-5.  On the 24th, Casselman faced the Avalon Jr. Capitals of the St. John's Junior Hockey League and beat them 6-2.  In their final round robin game, the Vikings faced the host Strait Pirates but dispatched them with an 8-1 score.  With the round robin over, Taylor Widenmaier was named to the tournament's all-star team, Nicolas Brazeau was given the most sportsmanlike player award, and Maxime Choquette was named the tournament's most valuable player.  Widenmaier and Brazeau would lead the round robin in scoring (13 points each) and Gianmarco De Meis would lead all goalies with a 0.925 save percentage.

With a perfect 4-0-0 record, the Vikings earned the first seed in the semi-final and faced fourth seed Fredericton again.  The Jr. Caps were ready for the Vikings this time and clogged up the middle, stymieing their high speed offence.  The Jr. Caps had it tied up 1-1 going into the third, before the Viking popped three quick goals.  The final score was 4-2 and Casselman was into the Final against Sackville (who just dispatched the defending champion Kensington Vipers in overtime).  In the final, Sackville opened up the score early in the first and held a 1-0 lead until the third period.  Casselman stepped up the pressure in third period and responded with goals from Widenmaier and Luc Forget.  With 1:22 to go in the third, Sackville tied the game to force overtime.  At 6:18 into the overtime frame, Simon Cousineau popped in the game-winning goal to secure the Eastern Canadian Championship.  Goalie Gianmarco De Meis was named the championship's most valuable player with 36 saves on 38 shots.

The Casselman Vikings finished the season with 57 wins and 11 losses, won their second Carson Trophy, and their first Don Johnson Memorial Cup.  With this, they became the first team outside of the Atlantic Provinces to compete for a DoJo Championship, the first to win a game at the event, and the first to win the championship itself, all while keeping an undefeated 6-0-0 record.

Season-by-season results

Don Johnson Memorial Cup
Eastern Canada Jr B Championships

This was the only year the EOJHL was part of the Don Johnson Championships

References

External links
Vikings Webpage

 CCHL2 Webpage

Eastern Ontario Junior Hockey League teams
Ice hockey clubs established in 1986
1986 establishments in Ontario


The One Galleon Place is a planned skyscraper that will rise in Pasig, Philippines. The building will be the flagship project of developer Ortigas & Co. Ltd. Partnership (OCLP), one of the oldest real estate developers in the Philippines. It will be a mixed use building, the upper half will accommodate a 5-star luxury hotel, and the lower half will be for office units.

In commemoration of OCLP's 75th anniversary in 2009, it is projected to be 75 storeys and at least 400 metres high.

Design

OCLP presented the scale model of the building to the public in March 2009. It will have a curtain wall exterior finish, and will have a pointed roof and a huge architectural spire on the top.

Height Speculation

It was also noted that, by following the released scale model, the height of the building was speculated to be at least 400 metres high, including the spire. This was due to the inclusion in the scale model of its neighbour, the 150-metre high J Tower, which was used to approximate the One Galleon Place's height.

See also
 List of tallest buildings in Metro Manila

References

Skyscrapers in Ortigas Center
Proposed buildings and structures in Metro Manila


is a chronicle of Oda Nobunaga, a Daimyo of Japan's Sengoku period. It is also called . It was compiled after Nobunaga's death by , a vassal of Nobunaga, based on his notes and diary.

The original was written by about 1598. It consists of a total of 16 volumes, including the main 15 volumes and the first volume. The main volumes covers the 15 years from 1568, when Nobunaga entered Kyoto with Ashikaga Yoshiaki, the 15th shogun of the Muromachi Shogunate (later banished from Kyoto by Nobunaga), to 1582, when he died in the Honnō-ji Incident. The first volume summarizes his life from his childhood, when he was called "Kipphōshi," until he went to Kyoto.

The chronicle contains not only subjects related to Nobunaga, but also murders, human trafficking, corruption, document forgery, and other street topics not directly related to Nobunaga, providing an insight into the public mood of the time.

Original, Manuscripts, and Publications
The book known today as Shinchō Kōki has many manuscripts and editions of the same original.
There are more than 60 known manuscripts, with various titles given to them, including , , .
Some, such as the so-called Ikeda books handed down in the Ikeda clan, which was a family of Daimyo, were commissioned by Ōta Gyūichi, who re-edited the contents to suit the client and transcribed it himself. Four sets of Shinchō Kōki in Gyūichi's own handwriting have now been identified, including the Ikeda book, and it is estimated that more than 70 sets existed in the past, including those written by people other than Gyūichi. However, as they are handwritten, their number is limited and only a few have survived. In particular, only two sets of Ōta Gyūichi's own handwritten books, complete with all volumes, have been found. This figure includes those that do not have all the books and those that once existed but are now missing.

When the chronicle, rewritten in modern Japanese, was published in 1992, nearly 10,000 copies were sold by 2008, including a newly revised edition published in 2006, reflecting Nobunaga's popularity.

Authorship
As a young man, Ōta Gyūichi served the Oda clan for his skill with the bow and arrow, and served Nobunaga as a fighter, but in later years his work as a government official became his main responsibility, including serving as a magistrate for land inspection. Before the Honnō-ji Incident, he held the position of deputy of Namazumi in the Ōmi Province, and after Nobunaga's death he became secretary to Niwa Nagahide. He then served Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Hideyori. He continued to write during the reign of Tokugawa Ieyasu, and there is a memo written in 1610 when he was 84 years old.

Ōta Gyūichi was of a very penmanship nature and wrote down daily events in diaries and notes, which led to the compilation of the chronicle.

His lord, Nobunaga, is naturally written about favourably.
One episode that illustrates Nobunaga's kind-hearted side is the  episode. In the village of Yamanaka, there was a disabled beggar called Yamanaka no Saru. Nobunaga gave the villagers 10 pieces of cotton and asked them to build him a hut. Nobunaga further told his neighbours that he would be happy if they would share with him a harvest each year that would not be a burden on them.
However, he did not ignore what was inconvenient for Nobunaga, and on the other hand he also describes episodes that illustrate Nobunaga's misdeeds and brutality. As for the siege of Mount Hiei, the book describes the horrific scenes in a straightforward manner: Enryaku-jikonpon-chūdō and scriptures were burnt to the ground, and monks and non-monks, children, wise men and priests were decapitated. In another episode reads: The court ladies of the Azuchi Castle went on an excursion in Nobunaga's absence, but Nobunaga returned to the castle unexpectedly early. Knowing Nobunaga's character, these women were too frightened to return to the castle and asked the elder to apologise to him. This added fuel to the fire, and Nobunaga, furious as a flame, not only defeated them but also the elder.

Accuracy
In historiography, biographies and war chronicles are regarded as secondary sources based on primary sources such as letters. However, partly because it was written by a contemporary of Nobunaga, Shinchō Kōki is treated as a primary source. Gyūichi swore at the end of the 12 volumes of the Ikeda book that he had written a book free from falsehood: "I will not omit what is, nor add what is not. If I write even one lie, I will be punished by heaven". This sincere attitude to writing also enhances the book's historical value. However, Gyūichi was not so senior among Oda's vassals and the information he had access to was not perfect. Also, in manuscripts, the transcribers sometimes made mistakes, intentionally rewritten or added things that were not written down. Nevertheless, it is evaluated among researchers that its credibility stands out from other war chronicles, and it is rated in line with primary historical sources.

His vigorous writing never waned even after Nobunaga's death. Thanks to Gyūichi's interviews with court ladies who were present at the time of the Honnō-ji Incident, the last days of Nobunaga's life have been preserved to this day.

Title
Most of the extant editions have the external title Shinchō Ki, but to avoid confusion with Oze Hoan's Kanazōshi of the same title, which is described below, the chronicle is generally called Shinchō Kōki. In contrast, Hoan's is called Hoan Shinchō Ki or simply Shinchō Ki.

Influence
Shinchō Kōki is an indispensable historical book when talking about Oda Nobunaga. The life of Nobunaga, one of the most well-known figures in Japanese history, has been adapted into novels, manga, TV dramas, films, and video games many times in the past, and most of his life and episodes depicted in them are based on this book.

Oze Hoan, a Confucian scholar of the Edo period, wrote a war chronicle called  based on , adding other anecdotes passed down in the public. Hoan was also the best-selling author of those days, having published other works such as Hoan Taikōki, a biography of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. It was published in the early Edo period (1611 or 1622) under the title Shinchō Ki. It then became a huge hit as a commercial publication and was reprinted throughout the Edo period. It is not highly valued as a historical document, as it contains many fictional stories. However, it was accepted by the masses because it was novelistic, written in an amusing manner, with Hoan's subjectivity and Confucian philosophy. On the other hand, Gyūichi's Shinchō ki was rarely seen by the general public throughout the Edo period. For reasons unknown, its publication as a printed book was prohibited by the Edo Shogunate and it only spread in manuscript form. Therefore, it was not Shinchō Kōki but the Hoan Shinchō Ki that was widely read by the common people, and its contents spread as a common knowledge among the people of the time. And even after the Meiji era, many people, including historians, have talked about Nobunaga until recently based on the knowledge of Hoan Shinchō Ki, which is different from historical facts.

References

List of references

 "Welcome to the world of the account of 'Shinchou Kouki'" (defunct; link via the Wayback Machine)

Daimyo
Warlords
Oda clan
Edo-period works
16th-century history books
History books about the 16th  century
Edo-period history books


The Maccabiah bridge collapse was the catastrophic failure of a pedestrian bridge over the Yarkon River in Tel Aviv, Israel on July 14, 1997. The collapse of the temporary metal and wooden structure killed four and injured more than 60 Australian athletes and other team delegates who were visiting Israel to participate in the Maccabiah Games. One athlete died in the collapse and three died afterwards due to infections caused by exposure to the polluted river water. A subsequent investigation found that negligent shortcuts had been taken in the bridge's construction, mandatory permits and oversight had not been obtained, and the bridge's construction did not meet government requirements.

Five people, including the engineer who designed the bridge and the chair of the Tel Aviv Games Organising Committee, were convicted of recklessly causing death and injury. Four served prison sentences. The fifth, the committee chairman, served a term of community service and was reappointed to a highly-paid management position in 2002. In 2004, after lengthy lawsuit delays, the deceased and the injured were awarded close to $20 million in damages. The disaster highlighted environmental problems in Israel, especially with regard to its rivers and waterways, prompting clean-up efforts. A full Australian team returned to the games in 2005 and participated in a riverside ceremony unveiling a memorial to the victims of the collapse.

Background

The Maccabiah Games, organized by Maccabi World Union (MWU) and first staged in 1932, is an athletic event held every four years in Tel Aviv, Israel, to celebrate the Zionist Revolution, and to demonstrate the unity and athleticism of the Jewish people. The games include competitions for adults and for junior athletes aged 15 to 18, and are open to all Israelis and Jews from around the world.

The 15th Maccabiah Games, held in 1997 and billed as the third largest sporting event in the world, included 5,300 participants from 56 nations competing in 38 athletic events. The opening ceremony on July 14 at 8 p.m. (local time), held at Ramat Gan Stadium and designed to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the First Zionist Congress, was attended by 50,000 people and featured hundreds of dancers, dazzling sound and light displays, and was broadcast on Israeli television. As at past games, a temporary footbridge, 60 feet long and 18 feet wide, was constructed across the nearby Yarkon River to allow competitors to march into the stadium during the ceremony from an assembly area on the other side of the river.

Collapse
As scheduled during the opening ceremony, the participating athletes, teamed with their respective national delegations, began to cross the bridge and enter the stadium in alphabetical order. The second nation to cross the bridge, following the Austrian team, consisted of the 373 members of the Australian delegation. As the Australian athletes, in parallel rows of six, crossed the river, the bridge's support beams at roughly mid-span snapped, plunging around 100 of the Australians eight metres into the river below. Several of the fallen were forcibly submerged in the 1.6-metre deep river by the weight of falling athletes above them. Dozens struggled to get out of the river, and many linked arms to form a human chain to pull each other out. Some of the fallen were caught in the bridge's twisted beams.

Other athletes, bystanders, event staff, soldiers, and police leapt into the river to rescue the fallen. About 20 ambulances were rushed to the scene and helicopters with spotlights and divers were sent in to assist in rescue efforts. Due to the Yarkon River's banks being steep and muddy, rescuers had to use ropes to descend to the water's edge. Inside the stadium, Israeli government officials, including President Ezer Weizman, chose to continue with the opening ceremony, but canceled the remainder of the march of the national teams into the stadium. Israeli television maintained live coverage, switching back and forth between the frantic rescue efforts outside the stadium and the festive dancing and light shows inside.  Weizman and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu departed immediately upon the end of the ceremony to visit the victims in hospital and the games were suspended for 24 hours.

The injured were taken to nearby Beilinson Hospital in Petah Tikva and Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center. One, Gregory Small, 37, a bowler from Sydney, was dead on arrival, apparently as a result of injuries or drowning caused by the fall. The remaining survivors did not appear to have sustained life-threatening injuries. Their injuries included broken bones and water inhalation.

Infections
Within an hour or two of admission to the hospital, a number of victims began to show signs of asphyxia. Doctors discovered that an unidentified organism was attacking their respiratory systems and pulmonary blood vessels. By the next morning, seven athletes were in critical condition.

Patrick Surkin, who ran the intensive care unit at Tel Aviv Medical Centre, wondered whether a toxin might be the culprit behind the infections. He contacted David Pargament, chief of the Yarkon River Authority, who explained that 36 hours before the collapse, mosquito larvicide oil, a mixture of jet fuel and oil, had been sprayed on the surface of the Yarkon to suppress mosquitoes. Subsequent lab tests, however, found no traces of the substance in the sick athletes.

Bowler Yetty Bennett, 50, died later that day from asphyxia. Elizabeth Sawicki, 47, a member of the delegation's bridge team, died July 26 from complications from infection. Bowler Warren Zines, 54, died on August 10, 1997, of severe respiratory-tract infection at Sheba Medical Center. Zines was the fourth and final fatality from the accident.

An autopsy of Zines finally identified the source of the infections as the fungus Pseudallescheria boydii, a rare but serious cause of pneumonia and disseminated infection subsequent to near-drowning. This species of fungus, typically found in stagnant or polluted water, is resistant to nearly all available drug therapies. Disseminated infection can spread to the brain, kidneys, heart, and thyroid.

After Zines' death, one athlete, tennis player Sasha Elterman, 15, remained in critical condition at Schneider Children's Medical Centre in Petah Tikva. Elterman underwent 18 surgeries in the six months after the collapse, 13 of them brain surgeries. In total, she received 28 brain surgeries and two lung operations. Elterman ultimately survived her ordeal, but her lungs permanently lost 40% of their capacity and she suffered from periodic convulsions. Ten other athletes who returned to Australia shortly after the accident were admitted to hospitals with respiratory problems, but recovered.

Investigations
Israel's deputy minister of education, Moshe Peled, immediately convened a public commission, chaired by Yishai Dotan, to investigate the collapse. Israel Police also conducted its own investigation. The Dotan Commission released its findings on the 23rd of July, 1997. The commission found that the Maccabiah Games' organising committee, led by Yoram Eyal, had departed from the usual practice of paying the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) to construct the bridge. Instead, in an apparent effort to reduce costs, Eyal contracted with a company called Irgunit, headed by Adam Mishori, to construct the bridge. Irgunit's traditional business was the construction of props and stage sets for theatre productions. The company had never designed nor built a bridge.

Irgunit sub-contracted the bridge's construction to Baruch Karagula and Yehoshua Ben-Ezra (also known as "Ben-Ezra Construction"). The commission found that Karagula and Ezra were not licensed to build bridges, had never attempted to build a bridge, and used substandard materials in the bridge's construction. Photographs taken after the collapse showed that the bridge was constructed of rusty metal pipes bound together with wire.

The commission concluded that the bridge's engineer, Micha Bar-Ilan, did not submit a blueprint for the bridge, designed a bridge that was inadequate for its intended use, and did not properly supervise or coordinate the bridge's construction. The commission faulted the Maccabiah Games' organizers for poor coordination and oversight over the bridge's assembly.

An investigation by Augustine Zycher for the Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council reported that the IDF had employed Tamir Rowner, an experienced bridge construction engineer, to build previous bridges for the games. For the 1997 games, Maccabiah officials, apparently unwilling to pay the IDF's price of $111,000, accepted a bid from Irgunit to build the bridge for $34,750.

According to Zycher, Mishori kept $7,700 of the payment and gave the rest to Karagula and Ben-Ezra to erect the bridge. Karagula and Ben-Ezra hired Bar-Ilan to design and oversee the bridge's construction. Bar-Ilan claimed that his bridge as designed would support 250 kg per square metre, which did not meet Israeli government standards, which required a pedestrian bridge to support 500 kg per square metre. In any event, the Dotan investigation found that the bridge was far weaker than what Bar-Ilan claimed. Furthermore, a municipal permit was required to construct the bridge, which Karagula and Ben-Ezra did not obtain. The municipality in which the bridge was constructed was Ramat Gan. Zvi Bar, Ramat Gan's mayor and head of the city planning division which issued construction permits, was a member of the Maccabiah committee that helped select Irgunit. Bar apparently did not ensure that Irgunit, Karagula, or Ben-Ezra obtained the necessary permit and made no effort to ensure that the bridge as constructed was safe.

In 1998, the Knesset commissioned an independent inquiry into the collapse, led by Eliezer Sandberg. In 2000, in response to the commission's findings and after continued calls for their removal by the Australian Jewish community, MWU president Ron Bakalarz and chairman Uzi Netanel resigned.

Criminal trial
Based on the findings of the Dotan and police investigations, Israel's attorney general Elyakim Rubinstein brought criminal charges against Eyal, Mishori, Karagula, Ben-Ezra, and Bar-Ilan for causing death by negligence and for building without proper permits. Citing the pending indictment, Eyal resigned from the MWU. On March 15, 1998, in Tel Aviv Magistrate Court all five pleaded not guilty. Final arguments in the trial were presented in October 1999.

During the trial, Sheba Hospital microbiologist Doctor Natan Keller testified that normally the Yarkon River water would not have posed a hazard to humans. Keller stated that it was the collapse of the bridge and the thrashing of the people in the water which had agitated the fungus from the river bottom where it normally resided, supporting the prosecution's argument that the pollution in the river would not have posed a risk to the athletes if the bridge had not collapsed. The defense, in turn, argued that the police should have shared responsibility in the collapse, as they had approved the building permit, were charged with limiting the number of people on the bridge to 150 at one time, and had possibly driven a police vehicle across the bridge the day before the opening ceremony.

On the 17th of April 2000, the three-judge panel of the court found all five defendants guilty of causing death by negligence. The defendants were sentenced on the 5th of June, 2000. Bar-Ilan was sentenced to one year and nine months in prison, plus a suspended sentence of 21 months. Ben-Ezra and Karagula were given 15-months in prison, plus suspended sentences of two years. Mishori served nine months in prison, plus a suspended sentence of 15 months. Eyal was sentenced to six months' community service.

Lawsuits
The families of the athletes who were killed, plus Sasha Elterman and 50 others injured in the collapse, sued MWU for damages in 1999. Progress in the lawsuits was initially delayed by a dispute among the parties over who should bear liability, which was resolved by the criminal court convictions in 2000. Due to the ongoing litigation, plus security concerns from the Second Intifada, the Australians only sent 65 athletes to the 2001 Maccabiah games.

The Haifa District Court eventually awarded the claimants almost $US20 million in compensation, with the last judgement and payment made in 2004. The court ruled that the games' insurance provider, Phoenix Insurance Company, was liable for about two-thirds of the amount, with the Israeli government responsible for the remainder.

Environmental issues
The bridge accident highlighted Israel's environmental issues, especially pollution in the nation's rivers and waterways. Said Dror Avisar, chief hydrologist for the Israel Union for Environmental Defense, shortly after the collapse, "Almost every major river inside Israel is polluted." The pollution in the waterways, including the Yarkon, was mainly due to untreated sewage and storm runoff, hazardous chemicals, industrial waste, and other pollutants."

Embarrassed by the negative publicity about the pollution, the Israeli government, in conjunction with other national environmental-improvement initiatives, cleaned-up portions of the Yarkon River via the Yarkon River Rehabilitation and Wetlands Project. Citizens groups assisted with the endeavor, including the Clean Up Israel organization which was founded by Australian Phillip Foxman, who witnessed the 1997 disaster, and the Jewish National Fund. In 2004, the Israeli government provided $100 million for the project. Among other measures, the local wastewater treatment plant was upgraded, a wetland was created to naturally treat wastewater, and small dams were constructed to help aerate the water to allow fish to live in more sections of the river. In addition, parks and bicycle trails were constructed along sections of the river banks.

Aftermath and memorials
In 2002, MWU reinstated Yoram Eyal as an executive official and as general manager of the Kfar Maccabiah Village in Ramat Gan, with an annual salary of US$120,000. The village served as headquarters for MWU and the athletes' village for the games. Eyal refused all requests to be interviewed by Australian media. In spite of protests from the Australian Jewish community about Eyal's continued involvement with the games, the MWU declined to separate him from the organization. When asked about Eyal's status in July 2007, MWU President Jeanne Futeran stated, "He's a good guy; he doesn't deserve to be further hassled over what happened. He's never forgiven himself; he never will forgive himself."

Australia sent a full team of 543 athletes to the Maccabiah Games in July 2005, almost a quarter of whom were present at the 1997 bridge collapse. The Australian delegation requested that Eyal not be seated in the president's box during the opening ceremony when the team entered the stadium. Although the MWU responded that Eyal had a right to attend the ceremony in an official capacity, Eyal acceded to the Australians' request. The Australian team declined to stay at the Maccabiah athletes' village for the duration of the 2005 games.

At the 2005 games, a memorial for the victims was unveiled at the site of the collapse, including a permanent footbridge, dubbed "Bridge of Remembrance", and a stone marker with the names of those who died. Family members of three of the deceased attended the ceremony.

In 2007 on the tenth anniversary of the collapse, a memorial service was held at the Bridge of Remembrance. In attendance was Australian Ambassador to Israel James Larsen and MWU Director-General Eyal Tiberger. In Australia, prayer services were held at synagogues in Melbourne, Sydney, Perth, Brisbane and the Gold Coast and a memorial made of Jerusalem stone was dedicated at Melbourne's main Jewish cemetery, where four trees were planted in memory of the deceased. Memorial ceremonies have since continued to be held periodically at the bridge site.

Notes

References

1997 in Israel
1997 disasters in Israel
Transport disasters in 1997
1997 in Australia
Australia–Israel relations
Environmental issues in Israel
Bridge collapse
Bridge disasters in Israel
Bridge disasters caused by construction error
Bridge disasters caused by engineering error
Sports controversies
1997 in Israeli sport
July 1997 events in Asia


Boeing Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Washington, located in the city of Shoreline, just north of Seattle. It is about  long and empties into Puget Sound. The creek is heavily modified along its course, and in many places has been diverted into culverts. The watershed of Boeing Creek is about  in size, with two main tributaries aside from the mainstem. The creek takes its name from William Boeing, who built a mansion along the creek in 1913. Despite the river modifications and stormwater pollution, the creek supports a variety of riparian habitats, native animals and fishes.

Course
Boeing Creek's original headwaters have been placed into underground pipes. The creek's main stem emerges from storm drain culverts at the intersection of Greenwood Ave and Carlyle Hall Road, which is considered its source, . The creek flows along the Shoreline Community College campus, through Boeing Creek Park (the northern part of Shoreview Park). At the west end of the park the creek empties into Hidden Lake, . Boeing Creek exits Hidden Lake through a culvert under Innis Arden Way and flows west through a ravine and under BNSF's railroad tracks before emptying into Puget Sound.

There are two main tributary forks of Boeing Creek. The northern fork emerges from a culvert in Boeing Creek Park. Its water comes from drainage pipes beneath 6th Avenue. This fork joins the main stem in Boeing Creek Park. Another tributary fork rises in the neighborhoods of Shoreview Hills and The Highlands and flows north to join Boeing Creek below Hidden Lake.

The lowermost portion of Boeing Creek flows between the neighborhoods of The Highlands and Innis Arden. The Highlands is an exclusive gated community designed by the Olmsted Brothers in 1909. This portion of the creek is not accessible to the public.

During high flow events, additional water from pipes beneath 175th Street enters Boeing Creek Park, flowing into a stormwater detention basin, then into the northern fork of Boeing Creek.

Discharge
King County operated six stream gages on Boeing Creek during the 1990s. Gage 04j, called "Boeing Creek off Beach DR", was the farthest downstream at approximately river mile 0.4. It operated from August 7, 1991, to March 19, 1993. The maximum daily discharge measured was . The minimum daily discharge was 1.06. The mean discharge over the life of the gage was .

Watershed
According to Rich Ellison, Boeing Creek's watershed is  large and includes  of Puget Sound shoreline. The watershed is almost entirely within the city of Shoreline, reaching north nearly to the Snohomish County line. Its southern extent reaches slightly into the city of Seattle. Boeing Creek's watershed borders, to the west, the watersheds of McAleer Creek, Thornton Creek, and Lyons Creek. King County maps Boeing Creek's watershed slightly differently. According to King County the watershed is completely contained within the City of Shoreline.

History
In 1913 William Boeing, founder of the Boeing company, had a mansion built in The Highlands neighborhood, along Boeing Creek. He lived by himself until 1921, when he married and started a family. In time the creek came to be named after Boeing. Earlier names included Hidden Creek and Hidden Lake Creek. The senior water rights on the stream, those of William Boeing and the Seattle Golf and Country Club, call it "unnamed stream". The official USGS name, Boeing Creek, was entered into the GNIS database on September 10, 1979. Boeing owned much of the lower creek, including today's Shoreview and Boeing Creek Parks. He used the land primarily as a hunting retreat and had a small dam made, creating Hidden Lake which he used as a private fishing pond. In the 1930s Boeing platted and logged  north of Boeing Creek and sold the land to developers. The Innis Arden neighborhood began to be developed on this land after World War II. The land that today is Boeing Creek Park was partially logged, leaving a number of large mature conifers, some over  tall. It is unclear why the area was only partially logged. The steep slopes may have made it too costly to fully log.

Much of Boeing Creek's upper course, to Hidden Lake, is within Boeing Creek Park, the northern part of Shoreview Park. Run by the City of Shoreline, these parks together span . William Boeing transferred the land that is now Shoreview Park to the Shoreline School District. In the mid-1970s land was cleared south of Hidden Lake for the construction of Shoreview High School. Funding failed and the school was never built. The cleared and terraced site has become infested with invasive species such as Scotch broom and Himalayan blackberry. In 1977 King County purchased the land from the Shoreline School District and established Shoreview Park. The City of Shoreline assumed ownership of Shoreview Park and adjoining Boeing Creek Park in 1997. Trails in these parks allow access to the middle portion of Boeing Creek. A few trails are official and maintained, including one that runs along the creek to Hidden Lake. There are a large number of "social trails" as well, which often climb steep, unstable slopes, increasing erosion and overall stream degradation. Every part of the creek is accessible, but the lake has some parts where it's not. There are people living along the lake in houses, and so that part is theirs.

Geology
The geology of the Boeing Creek's watershed is dominated by sands, gravels, and silts created during the last glacial period. Materials present include subglacial tills made up of silt, sand, and gravel particles; advance outwash deposits, made up of well-sorted sands and gravels; and transitional beds, made up of compacted clay, silt, and sometimes sand.

Natural history

Fish
Salmonid use that has been documented in Boeing Creek include chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), chum (Oncorhynchus keta) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and sea run coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki). A study done in 1994 found juvenile coho salmon in the lower portion of Boeing Creek, below the Seattle Golf Course Dam. The same study found cutthroat trout in most of Boeing Creek, up to the King County M1 R/D pond, near the creek's source. The Salmon Watchers Program have observed a site on river mile 0.1 of Boeing Creek since 2000. Coho and chum salmon are commonly seen, with fish counts ranging up to 160 chum salmon in 2003 and 89 coho salmon in 2001. Two chinook salmon were observed in 2000.

Fish populations are hindered by two storm water detention systems: the M-1 Dam (or "Boeing Creek Detention Facility"), an in-stream retention device on the main fork, and the Retention-Detention Ponds, an off-channel system in Boeing Creek Park. Three other structures influence stream ecology: Hidden Lake and its associated dam; an artificial waterfall, about ten feet high, constructed from concrete, just downstream from Innis Arden Way; and the "Seattle Country Club Golf Course Dam", a metal dam and pump station about 200 meters downstream of Innis Arden Way, which forms of reservoir that supplies the Seattle Country Club golf course with irrigation water. None of the dams provide fish passage and therefore present a total barrier, limiting stream use by anadromous species to the lower third of the creek.

Vegetation
The riparian forest along Boeing Creek in Boeing Creek Park is an intact native ecosystem, mostly free of invasive species. There are a number of mature conifers that escaped being logged, including  tall Douglas-fir and Western White Pine trees. Salmonberry shrubs are common along the creek. In some areas invasive species such as Scotch broom, Himalayan blackberry, English ivy, and Herb Robert are present. The native species of Sword fern and Stinging nettle are common.

Modifications
Early modifications of Boeing Creek include the logging of the creek's watershed, the creation of Hidden Lake, and the construction of the Seattle Country Club Golf Course Dam. The creek's mouth was crossed by railway tracks, today owned by BNSF, running along the edge of Puget Sound.

In the 1960s a Sears mall complex was built at Aurora Avenue and 160th Street, covering Boeing Creek's wetland headwaters. This and other urban development placed about  of what had been upper Boeing Creek into a patchwork of pipes, most of which are on private property. Within this area there is one  segment that flows free from pipes, located in Darnell Park. However a lack of detention facilities and an undersized pipe causes flooding in the vicinity of Darnell Park and contributes to erosive flows downstream. The City of Shoreline is planning on improving the drainage and reducing downstream erosion by building a detention basin and replacing the pipe.

The creek's watershed was heavily urbanized after World War II, altering the runoff and discharge patterns. Increased runoff into Boeing Creek during rainy weather has caused more intense erosion and sediment transport, leading to the build-up of sediment in Hidden Lake. In the 1970s heavy rains flushed enough sediment down the creek to completely fill Hidden Lake, which became a meadow. Subsequently, King County Surface Water Division began efforts to control stormwater runoff in Boeing Creek's watershed. In 1996 dredging work restored Hidden Lake. On January 1, 1997, a winter storm created a large sinkhole which ruptured sewer lines on 175th Street, resulting in the Hidden Lake being filled with sediment again. The lake was dredged and restored again. The city of Shoreline budgets money for dredging Hidden Lake as needed and continues to seek a long-term solution to the problems of increased storm surge runoff, erosion, and sedimentation.

King County built a stormwater control system in Boeing Creek Park. A large detention basin stores water during storms, reducing the creek's flood risk. The detention basin is augmented by an underground storage pipe designed to temporarily store up to 500,000 gallons of wastewater during large storms. This storage pipe is located under the detention basin in Boeing Creek Park. The pipe is  in diameter and about  long. Completed in 2007 by King County Public Works, the pipe's purpose is to help keep wastewater within the sewer system and reduce overflows into Puget Sound. The pipe conveys wastewater to the Hidden Lake Pump Station. At the same time the Hidden Lake Pump Station, located on Hidden Lake, was replaced in order to increase capacity. The old pump station lacked capacity, resulting in about three overflows into Puget Sound per year. Another related wastewater projet is the  Boeing Creek Trunk Sewer Replacement. A major wastewater conveyance pipe, the Boeing Creek Trunk (BCT) was under capacity and had deteriorated with age. During heavy rain storms wastewater sometimes overflowed from manholes and into Puget Sound. These projects were all part of the Hidden Lake Pump Station replacement and sewer improvement project. Construction of this overall project began in 2006. The underground storage pipe in Boeing Creek Park was finished in 2007, Boeing Creek Trunk in 2008, and the Hidden Lake Pump Station in 2009. All of these wastewater systems are located very close to Boeing Creek, although the Boeing Creek Trunk extends north out of the creek's watershed. The City of Shoreline is planning additional stormwater management projects to reduce flooding and improve Boeing Creek's hydrology. Construction of the Pan Terra Pond and Pump Improvement Project began in 2009.

See also
 List of rivers of Washington
 Thornton Creek

References

External links
Shoreline Aerial Photos, Boeing Creek, Washington State Department of Ecology
Aerial photo, Puget Sound, Boeing Creek, Washington State Department of Ecology, Coastal Atlas

Rivers of Washington (state)
Rivers of King County, Washington
Geography of Shoreline, Washington
Subterranean rivers of the United States


Chris Harper or Christopher Harper may refer to:
 Christopher J. Harper (born 1951), American journalist
 Sir Chris Harper (RAF officer) (born 1957), British air marshal
 Christopher Harper (actor) (born 1977), British actor
 Chris Harper (wide receiver, born 1989), American football wide receiver
 Chris Harper (wide receiver, born 1993), American football wide receiver
 Chris Harper (cyclist) (born 1994), Australian cyclist
 Chris Harper (bishop), bishop of Saskatoon
 Chris Harper, creator of the fictional Landover Baptist Church
 Christopher Harper-Mercer, perpetrator of the 2015 Umpqua Community College shooting


Urmila Sathyanarayana is an Indian classical dancer of bharatanatyam.

Early life and background
Urmila Satyanarayna has been trained under the guidance of eminent gurus ‘Padmashri’ K.N. Dandayauthapani Pillai, Kalaimamani  K.J. Sarasa and Padmabhushan Kalanidhi Narayanan. She is primarily known for her Arramandi.

Career
Urmila has been a student of Bharatnatyam since the age of 5 and did her arrangetram at the age of 10. She has performed in venues at the national and international level, and has been the recipient of numerous awards including the Kalaimamani award of the state of Tamil Nadu.

Natya Sankalpa
Urmila started NATYA SANKALPA in the year 1996, at Kilpauk Gardens, Chennai. The institution emphasises on the knowledge of the theory of dance, carnatic music and yoga in the formation of a Bharatanatyam artist. Among the staff are talented artists such as Kalidasan Suresh, a renowned choreographer, and one of the few artists who can both wield the cymbals and provide vocal support simultaneously for a Bharatanatyam recital.

References

Bharatanatyam exponents
Living people
Performers of Indian classical dance
Artists from Chennai
Women artists from Tamil Nadu
1966 births


Clarkia tembloriensis is a rare species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family, known by the common name Temblor Range clarkia and belonging to the Onagraceae family.

Description
Clarkia tembloriensis is an erect annual herb exceeding  in maximum height. The lance-shaped leaves are gray-green in color and waxy, reaching 7 centimeters long.

The inflorescence has open flowers and hanging closed buds. The fuzzy greenish sepals stay fused together as the petals bloom from one side. The herbage may be tinted with red.

The flower petals have diamond-shaped blades at the end of long claws. They are pinkish-lavender, sometimes with a large purple spot near the base. There are 8 stamens, some with large red or purple anthers and some with smaller, paler anthers.

Subspecies
Hybrids between subspecies have low fertility. The two current subspecies are:
 Clarkia tembloriensis ssp. calientensis — Vasek's clarkia — found at only three sites near Caliente Creek in the Caliente Hills, at ~ in an  ecotone of the Sierra Nevada foothills and San Joaquin Valley, in Kern County. Calflora Database: Clarkia tembloriensis ssp. calientensis]  This subspecies was originally described as a distinct species named Clarkia calientensis, and analyses suggests it could be returned to species status. The most rare of the subspecies, it is considered vulnerable to extinction with such small populations located on privately owned land. The sites are part of the Tejon Ranch, and managed by the Tejon Ranch Conservancy.
 Clarkia tembloriensis ssp. tembloriensis (syn: Clarkia tembloriensis subsp. longistyla) — Temblor Range clarkia —  distribution along the western San Joaquin Valley into the eastern Inner South California Coast Ranges, from the Diablo Range to the Temblor Range and Carrizo Plain areas.

Distribution and habitat
The wildflower is endemic to California, where it is native to the San Joaquin Valley, and into the adjacent Inner South California Coast Ranges on its west, including the namesake Temblor Range, and occasionally into the Sierra Nevada foothills on its southeast. It is found in chaparral scrub and grassland habitats, at  in elevation.

References

External links
Calflora Database: Clarkia tembloriensis  (Temblor Range clarkia)
Jepson Manual (TJM93) Profile of Clarkia tembloriensis
UC Photos gallery: Clarkia tembloriensis ssp. calientensis
UC Photos gallery: Clarkia tembloriensis ssp. tembloriensis

Onagraceae
tembloriensis
Endemic flora of California
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the Central Valley (California)
Natural history of Kern County, California
~
Temblor Range
Plants described in 1964


Charles Wolcott Ryder Jr. (November 20, 1920 – March 28, 2010) was a United States Army major general who served from 1942 through to 1977.

Ryder graduated from the United States Military Academy, class of 1942, during World War II. Served with the 90th Infantry Division in Western Europe. Graduated from the Command and General Staff College in 1953. Assigned to the Office of the Chief of Staff 1960–61. Commanding Officer 1st Brigade, 8th Infantry Division 1964–66. Commanding General, 199th Infantry Brigade, November 28, 1966 to March 1, 1967. Professor of Military Science, The Citadel, 1966–67. Aerospace Defense Command 4th Infantry Division Republic of Vietnam, 1967–68. Chief of Staff Fourth United States Army 1970–72. Chief, Joint United States Military Aid Group to Greece, Greece 1972–74, Director Logistics and Security Assistance (J-4/7) United States European Command, 1974–77.

His father, Charles Wolcott Ryder Sr., was a United States Military Academy class graduate of 1915 who served in both World War I and World War II, where he commanded  the 34th Infantry Division during the Italian Campaign, before retiring as a major general.

Ryder retired from the U.S. Army in 1977. He died on March 28, 2010.

External links
 Augusta Military Academy Alumni Association Website
 Brigade Officers Roster 199th Brigade
 Hall of Valor awards

1920 births
2010 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
United States Army generals
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina faculty


Ryan Pierce (born July 9, 1983 in Albany, New York) is an American soccer player.

Career

College and Amateur
Pierce played two years of college soccer at Herkimer County Community College, where he was a NJCAA 1st Team All American, before transferring to Binghamton University as a junior in 2004.

During his college years Pierce also played in the Premier Development League with both his hometown Albany Admirals and the Cape Cod Crusaders.

Professional
Pierce turned professional with Harrisburg City Islanders in the USL Second Division in 2007, and made his professional debut on April 21, 2007 in Harrisburg's first game of the season, a 1–1 tie with the Wilmington Hammerheads.

After helping the Islanders win the 2007 USL-2 championship, he transferred to Crystal Palace Baltimore for the 2009 season.

Pierce also has professional indoor soccer experience, having helped the Baltimore Blast win the 2008/2009 NISL Championship.

Pierce signed with the Pittsburgh Riverhounds for the 2010 USL-2 season, and made his debut April 24, 2010 as a substitute against the Charleston Battery.

References

External links
 Crystal Palace Baltimore bio
 Baltimore Blast bio

American men's soccer players
Living people
1983 births
USL League Two players
USL Second Division players
Albany BWP Highlanders players
Baltimore Blast (2008–2014 MISL) players
Cape Cod Crusaders players
Crystal Palace Baltimore players
Penn FC players
Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC players
Syracuse Silver Knights players
Men's association football defenders
Soccer players from New York (state)
Sportspeople from Albany, New York
Binghamton Bearcats men's soccer players
Major Indoor Soccer League (2008–2014) players


This is a tentative list of butterflies found in Odisha, a state in India.

Family Lycaenidae
Common Pierrot (Castalius rosimon)
Rounded Pierrot (Tarucus extricatus) Butler, 1886

Family Nymphalidae
Tawny coaster (Acraea terpsicore) Linnaeus, 1758
Plain tiger (Danaus chrysippus) Linnaeus, 1758
White tiger (Danaus melanippus) Cramer, 1777
Common crow (Euploea core) Cramer, 1780
Peacock pansy (Junonia almana) Linnaeus, 1758
Yellow pansy (Junonia hierta)
Blue pansy (Junonia orithya) Linnaeus, 1758
Common leopard (Phalanta phalantha) Drury, 1773

Family Pieridae
Mottled emigrant (Catopsilia pyranthe) Linnaeus, 1758
White Arab (Colotis vestalis) Butler, 1876
Common grass yellow (Eurema hecabe) Linnaeus, 1758
Cabbage white (Pieris rapae) (Linnaeus, 1758)

Family Papilionidae
Crimson rose (Pachliopta hector) (Linnaeus, 1758)

See also
Butterfly
List of butterflies of India
Fauna of India
Flora of India

Odisha
Environment of Odisha
Butterflies
Odisha


Storage efficiency is the ability to store and manage data that consumes the least amount of space with little to no impact on performance; resulting in a lower total operational cost.  Efficiency addresses the real-world demands of managing costs, reducing complexity and limiting risk.  The Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) defines storage efficiency in the SNIA Dictionary as follows:

The efficiency of an empty enterprise level system is commonly in the 40–70% range, depending on what combination of RAID, mirroring and other data protection technologies are deployed, and may be even lower for highly redundant remotely mirrored systems. As data is stored on the system, technologies such as deduplication and compression may store data at a greater than 1-to-1 data size-to-space consumed ratio, and efficiency rises, often to over 100% for primary data, and thousands of percent for backup data.

Technologies
Different technologies exist at different and sometimes multiple levels:

Snapshot technology—known formally as "delta snapshot technology"—gives the ability to use the same dataset multiple times for multiple reasons, while storing only the changes between each dataset. Some storage vendors integrate their snapshot capabilities at the operating system and/or application level, enabling access to the data the snapshots are holding at the system and/or application management layers.   Terminology around snapshots and "clones" is currently confusing, and care must be taken when evaluating vendor claims. In particular, some vendors call full point-in-time copies "snapshots" or "clones", while others use the same terms to refer to shared-block "delta" snapshots or clones. And some implementations can only do read-only snapshots, while others are able to provide writable ones as well.

Data deduplication technology can be used to very efficiently track and remove duplicate blocks of data inside a storage unit. There are a multitude of implementations, each with their separate advantages and disadvantages. Deduplication is most efficient at the shared storage layer, however, implementations in software and even databases exist. The most suitable candidates for deduplication are backup and platform virtualization, because both applications typically produce or use a lot of almost identical copies. However, some vendors are now offering in-place deduplication, which deduplicates primary storage.

Thin provisioning technology is a technique to prevent under-utilization by sharing the allocated, but not yet utilized capacity. A good example is Gmail, where every Gmail account has a large amount of allocated capacity. Because most Gmail users only use a fraction of the allocated capacity, this "free space" is "shared" among all Gmail users.

Major advantages
Actively increasing storage efficiency using these techniques has the following advantages:

Backup and restore. Using snapshots, time used for both backup and restore RTO can be minimized. This can greatly reduce cost, and reduce hours of downtime to seconds of downtime. Snapshots also allow for better RPO values.

Reducing floorspace. When less storage is required to store a given amount of data, less data center floorspace is required.

Reducing energy use. When fewer spindles are required to store a given amount of data, less power is required.

Provisioning efficiency. Writable delta snapshot technology allows for very fast provisioning of writable data copies. This reduces waiting time in processes that require that data. Examples are data mining, test data, etc. Snapshot integration at the OS and/or application level also leads to faster provisioning, because system and/or application managers are able to manage their own snapshots without having to wait for storage managers and/or provisioning procedures.

Major commercial players
All major vendors are implementing one or more of these technologies, because storage efficiency is becoming more and more popular. Customers are facing storage requirements that are growing exponentially and a strong demand for cost-cutting. The major vendors are NetApp, EMC, HDS, IBM and HP.

Computer data storage


Clarkia virgata is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common name Sierra clarkia. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the forests and woodlands of the Sierra Nevada.

Description
This is an erect annual herb with oval-shaped leaves each a few centimeters long. The inflorescence produces opening flowers below several clusters of closed, hanging flower buds. The sepals all separate as the petals bloom. Each petal is up to about 1.5 centimeters long and lavender and white, speckled with reddish or purple. It has a diamond-shaped blade at the end of a lobed, narrow claw. There are 8 stamens each bearing a large anther with blue-gray pollen.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Profile
Photo gallery

virgata
Endemic flora of California
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Plants described in 1895


Lealands High School, formerly Sundon Park Comprehensive School, is a foundation school for 11 to 16 year olds located in Sundon Park, Luton. The school attracts students from Sundon Park and across Luton and Bedfordshire.  It was judged good with outstanding behaviour and safety by Ofsted in 2013 and confirmed to continue being a good school overall in March 2017 following a short inspection by Ofsted.  In 2014 the school was placed in the top 100 most improved secondary schools for GCSE results including English and maths over a sustained period. Main feeder schools include Sundon Park Juniors School, Leagrave Primary and Pirton Hill, although students join Lealands from primary schools across Luton and the surrounding areas.

Specialism
As of September 2006, the school was awarded 'Specialist Sports College' status. This was part of a nationwide plan spearheaded by the Department of Education to raise standards in education. The school has seen various improvements in its facilities since being awarded the status. The specialist school programme has now ended, but Lealands High School continues to offer sport as a specialism.

Facilities
The school has 3 stories and facilities include a swimming pool, tennis courts, sports hall, dance studio, science laboratories, technology workshops and music studios.

Curriculum
Subjects offered in the first 3 years at the school are as follows:
English, Maths, Science, Drama, History, Geography, Religious Studies, a modern language (French or Spanish), Music, Physical Education and Dance, Art, Technology, Computing, Personal, Social & Health Education (PSHE) and Citizenship.

In year 9, students can choose the subjects which they'd like to pursue for GCSE level; years 10 and 11.

The following subjects are compulsory:
English language and literature
Mathematics
Science
Citizenship/RS

Whilst students have a choice from the following:
Art & Design
Business Studies
Catering
Dance
Drama & Theatre Arts
Food Technology
French
Geography
Graphics
History
PE
Resistant Materials
RS
Sociology
Spanish
Textiles
Art
Computing

Notable former pupils

 Marion King, President UK & Ireland of MasterCard UK from 2012 to October 2014, and Chief Executive from 2002 to 2011 of BACS
 Stephen Sweeney, Professor of Physics
 Nicky Wardley, Actress.  One of her best-known parts was in The Catherine Tate Show as Lauren Cooper's best friend Lisa Jackson, as well as other parts during the series. In November 2013 she appeared in the one-off 50th anniversary comedy homage The Five(ish) Doctors Reboot. In 2016 she was cast as Miss Brahms in the one-off special of Are You Being Served celebrating BBC Comedy
 Sharna Jackson, Children's Author.

References

External links
Official Site
BBC Performance Results
E-Teach Profile

Secondary schools in Luton
Foundation schools in Luton


An annular solar eclipse occurred on Tuesday, April 29, 2014. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide.
The center of the Moon's shadow missed the Earth's South Pole, but the partial eclipse was visible from parts of Antarctica and Australia, and an annular eclipse was visible from a small part of Antarctica.

This eclipse's gamma value was closer to 1 than any other eclipse from 2000 B.C. to 3000 A.D. This means the center of the Moon's shadow passed almost exactly at the surface of the Earth, barely missing the Antarctic continent by a few kilometers.

Visibility
Animation of eclipse path

Images

Related eclipses

Eclipses of 2014
 A total lunar eclipse on April 15.
 A non-central annular solar eclipse on April 29.
 A total lunar eclipse on October 8.
 A partial solar eclipse on October 23.

Solar eclipses 2011–2014

Note: Total Solar Eclipse on March 20, 2015, and a Partial Solar Eclipse of September 13, 2015 occur during the next lunar year set.

Saros 148

Tritos series

Metonic series

Notes

References

 A Partially Eclipsed Setting Sun, APOD 4/30/2014, partial eclipse of Adelaide, South Australia
 Brisbane Sunset Moonset, APOD 5/1/2014, partial eclipse of Brisbane, Queensland

2014 4 29
2014 in science
2014 4 29
April 2014 events