This is a list of British television related events from 1993.

Events

January
1 January
Carlton Television takes over the weekday ITV franchise in London at midnight, replacing Thames after 24 years on the air. Meridian takes over the South of England franchise from TVS, Westcountry takes over the South West England franchise from TSW, Good Morning Television, GMTV takes over the national breakfast television franchise from TV-am at 6am and Teletext Ltd takes over the teletext franchise from ORACLE. The first edition of GMTV was presented by Eamonn Holmes and Anne Davies.
The Independent Television Commission removes the limit on the value of prizes which can be given away on ITV game shows, set at £6,000 per episode since 1981, paving the way for the big money game shows of the late 1990s and 2000s.
Channel 4 becomes an independent statutory corporation. Under the terms of the Broadcasting Act 1990, the channel is now also allowed to sell its own airtime. Under the Act, ITV have agreed to fund Channel 4 if it falls below 14% of total TV advertising revenue. The channel also makes a payment of £38 million to ITV under terms of its funding formula.
The London News Network, a joint venture between London's two franchise holders, Carlton and LWT, begins providing a seven-day news service for ITV viewers in London.
Scottish Television launches new idents and presentation.
HTV launches a new logo and idents.
2 January – Debut of the Saturday morning children's show Saturday Disney on ITV.
3 January
The Central produced children's series Tots TV makes its debut on ITV and starts airing in the US the following day. Its sponsor was Lego Duplo.
The final edition of LWT News is broadcast and was presented by Anna Maria Ashe.
Debut of the Sunday morning current affairs series Breakfast with Frost on BBC1, presented by David Frost.
4 January
John Birt succeeds Sir Michael Checkland as Director-General of the BBC.
Scottish Television launches a 30-minute lunchtime edition of Scotland Today.
Launch of the ITV regional news programme London Tonight which airs seven days a week on both Carlton and LWT.
Ulster's news service is renamed UTV Live. The programme broadcasts for 60 minutes, instead of 30.
The BBC launches Business Breakfast as a 60-minute stand-alone programme. It had previously been part of Breakfast News. Consequently, the BBC's weekday breakfast programmes start half an hour earlier, at 6am. Also on that day, BBC1 begins broadcasting on weekdays at 6am. A start-of-day Ceefax broadcast is retained although it now runs for 15 minutes rather than 30, beginning at 5:45am.
6 January
The Times reports that IFE have revised and increased their offer to purchase former ITV franchise holder TVS.
The animated series The Animals of Farthing Wood which was based on the books by Colin Dann makes its debut on BBC1.
Debut of the acclaimed series Fame in the 20th Century, an eight-part BBC1 programme in which Clive James examines the nature of 20th century fame using archive footage and commentary. The series concludes on 24 February.
8 January
ITV begins screening the latest series of Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends. However, the first few episodes are trimmed to fit the timeslot.
The children's comedy programme ZZZap! makes its debut on Children's ITV, starring the show you how its done gloves known as the Handymen, Richard Waites as the trouble-causing Cuthbert Lilly and the sneaky villain Tricky Dicky and Neil Buchanan as the smartest artist Smart Arty.
ITV introduces a third weekly episode of The Bill on Friday evenings.
After a 14-year absence, the game show Celebrity Squares returns to ITV, with returning host Bob Monkhouse.
11 January – Debut of The Good Sex Guide, a ground-breaking late night documentary series on ITV presented by Margi Clarke. Aired at 10.35pm, the programme attracts audience of 13 million, something that is unprecedented for a show aired in a late night timeslot.
14 January – Eurosport and Screensport propose a merger to provide a single channel as both were operating at a loss, hoping that a merged channel would become financially profitable.
16 January – ITV airs Alan Parker's 1987 occult detective film Angel Heart, starring Mickey Rourke and Robert De Niro.
17 January – The network television premiere of James Cameron's 1989 Oscar-winning science fiction adventure The Abyss on Channel 4, starring Ed Harris, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio and Michael Biehn.
20 January – BBC2 airs live coverage of the inauguration of Bill Clinton as the 42nd President of the United States.
23 January – The Times reports that an offer by IFE to buy TVS for £56.5 million has been accepted.
24 January — The satellite channels Lifestyle and Lifestyle Satellite Jukebox close.

February
1 February
IFE completes its deal to buy TVS.
BSkyB introduces a new system of film ratings often used for various times, replacing the British Board of Film Classification certificates.
6 February – The Casualty episode Family Matters which aired on that day sees an early appearance of the actress Kate Winslet.
7 February – Having completed its initial run of all 692 episodes of Prisoner: Cell Block H in December 1991, Central begins rerunning the series from the first episode. It is shown weekly, late on Sunday evenings until the end of 1994.
12–14 February – Channel 4 airs Love Weekend, a series of programmes with sexually explicit content coinciding with Valentine's Day weekend. It includes the network television premiere of Last Tango in Paris, starring Marlon Brando which is aired uncut on 14 February, Valentine's Day itself. The makers of Tango pay £20,000 for a 30-second advert for the soft drink in the film's first ad break.
14–16 February – Sky One debuts Diana: Her True Story, a dramatisation of Andrew Morton's biography of Diana, Princess of Wales. The film features Serena Scott Thomas as the Princess.
15 February
BBC2 airs Oprah Winfrey's interview with singer Michael Jackson.
CITV drops its in-vision continuity.
16 February – The final episode of Count Duckula is broadcast on ITV.
17 February – The original scheduled airdate for Mind the Baby, Mr. Bean, but it is postponed following the murder of Kirkby toddler James Bulger and is delayed for over a year until 25 April the following year. Instead, Mr. Bean in Room 426 is shown in its place.
24 February
John Nettles makes a cameo appearance as Jim Bergerac in an episode of the BBC1 comedy The Detectives set in Jersey.
The network television premiere of Rocky IV on ITV, starring Sylvester Stallone, Talia Shire, Carl Weathers, Burt Young, Dolph Lundgren and Brigitte Nielsen.
27 February – Boiling Point, an episode of the BBC medical drama Casualty is broadcast, but it is met with great controversy and outrage after it depicts rioting youths setting fire to a hospital's accident and emergency department. The BBC receives over 700 complaints about the violent nature of the episode, despite it airing after the 9pm watershed and warning viewers accordingly. However, the episode achieves viewing figures of 17.02 million, the highest for the show at the time.
28 February – BBC1 airs the first in a twelve-part adaptation of Peter Mayle's memoir A Year in Provence. The series, starring John Thaw and Lindsay Duncan concludes on 16 May. Unlike the book however, the miniseries is not well received by critics and in 2006, it is placed at number ten on a Radio Times list of the worst television programmes ever made. The writer John Naughton describes it as a "smugathon ... which achieved the near impossible – creating a John Thaw vehicle nobody liked".

March
1 March
Screensport and Eurosport merge and Screensport closes. They merge to try to turn two loss making channels into a single profitable channel.
Games World makes its debut on Sky One.
5 March – ITV begins airing Doctor Finlay, a continuation series of the original Dr. Finlay's Casebook that aired during the 1960s.
6 March – An IRA bomb scare at BBC Television Centre means that the live Saturday night programme Noel's House Party cannot be broadcast. Instead, after a repeat of the previous year's Noel's Christmas Presents, host Noel Edmonds is forced to introduce a Tom and Jerry cartoon in its place, The Zoot Cat.
7 March – The Movie Channel airs a special feature-length version of Star Trek: The Next Generation was shown exclusively rather than as part of the main run of the show which features Leonard Nimoy as Spock from the original television series.
12 March – BBC1 airs Total Relief, the 1993 Comic Relief telethon.
23 March
Channel 4 debuts the US horror/science fiction series Eerie, Indiana, starring Omri Katz.
Sky One airs Episodes 170 and 171 of the Australian soap E Street which features a hard-hitting storyline involving extreme character Sonny Bennett (Richard Huggett) who kills three characters in a car bomb explosion. Because the episodes aired in an early evening timeslot, they were preceded by a warning to viewers that they contain scenes that some may find upsetting. The 12:30pm repeat the following days, 24 and 25 March are dropped entirely and are replaced by episodes of The Simpsons.
26 March – ITV airs The Final Straw, an episode of The Bill in which Detective Constable Viv Martella, played by Nula Conwell is killed off when she is shot by a gunman after approaching his car.
27 March – The network television premiere of the 1989 American gangster comedy Harlem Nights on BBC1, starring Eddie Murphy.
28 March – The Bluebells' 1984 single Young at Heart reaches number one in the UK Singles Chart following a rerelease after being featured in a Volkswagen Golf advert. It tops the charts for four weeks.
29 March – Central becomes the first ITV region to begin showing the New Zealand medical soap opera Shortland Street.

April
2 April – Debut of the comedy-drama The Riff Raff Element on BBC1.
3 April – The 1993 Grand National, shown live on BBC1, is declared void after 30 of the 39 runners begin the race and carry on, despite there having been a false start.
4 April
Children's BBC begin to repeat the school drama Grange Hill from its first series in 1978 on Sunday mornings on BBC2, as part of the show's 15th anniversary celebrations. These repeats end in 1999 with series 16. Prior to the repeats, the US animated series Rugrats also begins airing on that day.
The final episode of The Darling Buds of May is broadcast on ITV.
5 April – The Children's Channel rebrands with a new series of idents depicting the live-action shots that shows the colours of blue, red and yellow and updates its new logo to be like the original one.
6 April – BBC1 airs This Is Michael Bolton, a recording of the singer in concert.
11 April
BBC1 airs The Legend of Lochnagar, a special live-action/animated short film introduced by HRH Prince Charles and narrates this story based on the 1980 fairytale children's book who made up for his younger brothers about how an old man lives in a cave behind Balmoral Castle is taught to care for the environment.
Sky One airs a special clip show episode of The Simpsons which features memorable moments from the first three seasons.
12 April – The network television premiere of Tony Scott's 1990 American romantic sports drama Days of Thunder on BBC1, starring Tom Cruise, Nicole Kidman and Robert Duvall.
13 April – A new look is introduced across all the BBC's television news bulletins with a studio that is almost entirely computer-generated and features a glass model of the Corporation's coat of arms.
17 April
After six years, six series and 179 editions, BBC1 broadcasts the final episode of its Saturday morning children's series Going Live!.
Arena presents a new four-part series, "Tales of Rock 'N' Roll" on BBC2 which looks at the story of four rock songs of how they came about and the history behind them and who and what they involved. Starting with Peggy Sue who was tracked down in Sacramento, California to be found running her own drain-clearing company Rapid Rooter and then to be taken back to Lubbock, Texas to recall how she knew Buddy Holly and how her marriage to drummer Jerry Allison turned out. Heartbreak Hotel where the song came to be written after the two songwriters discovered an article about a suicide in a hotel in Miami after reading about it in the Miami Herald. Walk on the Wild Side looks at all the characters that were involved in the song and how Lou Reed used to spend time at Andy Warhol's studio where they all did drugs (Holly Woodlawn and Joe Dallesandro were the only ones still around to tell the tale) and Highway 61 Revisited which looked at Bob Dylan's roots and everything that was connected with U.S. Route 61. The series ran for four consecutive weeks on Saturday nights on 17 April, 24 April, 1 May, and 8 May.
18 April – The network television premiere of Jonathan Lynn's 1990 British madcap comedy Nuns on the Run on Channel 4, starring Eric Idle and Robbie Coltrane.
23 April
Pearson Television launches a friendly takeover bid for Thames Television, valuing the company at £99 million.
Episode 1681 of Neighbours which is the first episode that does not feature the 1980s-style titles and theme music is shown in the UK having previously made its debut in Australia on 18 May 1992.

May
2 May – Debut of the two-part adaptation of Jilly Cooper's 1985 erotic novel Riders on ITV, starring Marcus Gilbert, Michael Praed, Arabella Tjye, Anthony Calf, Sienna Guillory, Annabel Giles, Gabrielle Beaumont and Stephanie Beacham. It was produced by Anglia after weeks of being trailed as "a sex sizzler". The second part is aired on 3 May.
3 May – The network television premiere of Jim McBride's 1989 American musical biographical drama Great Balls of Fire! on BBC2, starring Dennis Quaid as the legendary rock-and-roll musician Jerry Lee Lewis.
10 May
Debut of Peak Practice on ITV which originally starred Kevin Whately, Amanda Burton and Simon Shepherd, though the roster of doctors would change many times over the course of the series.
Channel 4 airs Beyond Citizen Kane, a documentary film directed by Simon Hartog, produced by John Ellis and narrated by Chris Kelly. It details the dominant position of the Globo media group by founder Roberto Marinho and discusses the group's influence, power and political connections with the support of military dictatorship in Brazil.
11 May – BBC1's popular soap opera EastEnders has given its new title sequence which includes the updated map of London in full colour for the first time, and a brand new theme tune was introduced to give the programme a more modern feel referred to it as the "jazzy" version for its saxophone beats.
13 May – Peter Dean makes his final appearance as EastEnders market trader Pete Beale. The character goes on the run with an old flame who he had reconnected with, only to discover she was married to a local gangster. Pete is killed off-screen on 16 December after the couple are killed in a car crash.
15 May – Ireland's Niamh Kavanagh wins the 1993 Eurovision Song Contest with In Your Eyes, beating the United Kingdom's Sonia who sung Better the Devil You Know by 23 points.
16 May – Arnold Schwarzenegger, Bruce Willis and Sylvester Stallone appear as guests on the ITV chat show Aspel & Company. The edition is later censured by the Independent Television Commission because the actors were promoting their joint business venture Planet Hollywood.
19 May – After ten years and ten series in its original run, the final edition of Blockbusters is broadcast on ITV. But it continued for one more series on Sky One a year later and the five ITV regions showed this series until 1995. The game show would make sporadic returns on other channels, starting with a short-lived BBC version presented by Michael Aspel in 1997.
22 May – Stars in Their Eyes returns on ITV with new presenter Matthew Kelly who takes over the role from Leslie Crowther who is still recovering from head injuries received in a car crash the previous year. Changes to the show include a live final where viewers phone in to decide the winner of the series.
26 May – Noddy's Toyland Adventures makes its Australian debut on ABC.
27 May – The final episode of the five-part BBC Schools French language  adventure series La Marée et ses Secrets (The Tide and its Secrets) is broadcast, ending a run which began in 1984.
30 May – The network television premiere of Sam Raimi's 1990 American horror fantasy Darkman on BBC2 as part of the Moviedrome strand, starring Liam Neeson, Frances McDormand and Larry Drake.

June
1 June – S4C introduces a new series of idents which depicted inanimate objects as having characteristics of dragons as a reference to the red dragon on the flag of Wales.
4 June
When Roy Hattersley fails to appear on that day's edition of Have I Got News for You, the third time he has cancelled at the last minute, he is replaced with a tub of lard, credited as "The Rt. Hon. Tub of Lard MP", as it is "imbued with much the same qualities and liable to give a similar performance".
At 6pm, UTV unveils a new logo. A new jingle is also introduced with a distinct Celtic sound. On the same day, the extended studios at Havelock House are formally opened by presenter Gloria Hunniford.
6 June – The Animals of Farthing Wood makes its Irish debut in the on RTÉ. It still airs in this country to this day.
9 June – The network television premiere of Herbert Ross' 1989 American comedy drama Steel Magnolias on ITV, starring Sally Field, Dolly Parton, Shirley MacLaine, Daryl Hannah, Julia Roberts and Olympia Dukakis.
10 June – Les Dawson, the comedian and presenter who has presented the shows Jokers Wild, Blankety Blank and Fast Friends, dies suddenly from a heart attack during a medical checkup at a Greater Manchester hospital at the age of 62.
11 June – Channel 4 airs the final episodes of Cheers over three consecutive nights, finishing with the 80-minute finale on 13 June. However, due to the series popularity, repeats of the show begin the following weekend.
28 June – Channel 4 airs the last programmes produced for the ITV Schools strand. However, the channel continues to produce its own schools programming for several years afterwards.

July
1 July – The two production companies, Tiger Television and Aspect Film and Television, merge to form Tiger Aspect Productions.
4 July
Derek Johns wins the 1993 series of MasterChef on BBC1.
Debut of Stingray on Sky One, starring Nick Mancuso and it was created and produced by Stephen J. Cannell which is not to be confused with the earlier television series of the same name.
9 July
BBC1 airs the final episode of Eldorado. The soap was axed due to poor ratings.
 ITV finishes repeating the latest series of Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends. The episode Thomas and Percy's Christmas Adventure has been excluded from this year's series of repeats.
22 July – Three former cable-only channels, Discovery, The Learning Channel and Bravo, begin broadcasting on the Astra satellite, ahead of the launch of the Sky Multichannels package on 1 September.
22–23 July – The network television premiere of the US crime drama Stay the Night on BBC1, starring Barbara Hershey.
23 July – Prime Minister John Major gives an interview to ITN journalist Michael Brunson after his government wins a vote of confidence in the House of Commons earlier that day. During an unguarded moment following the interview and while still being recorded, Major refers to some of his cabinet colleagues as "Bastards". The incident which becomes known in the media as "Bastardgate", prompts the tabloid newspapers The Daily Mirror and The Sun to set up phone lines with recordings of the conversation that readers are invited to call. Both newspapers are warned to discontinue the lines by the regulatory body, the Independent Committee for the Supervision of Standards of Telephone Information Services because it feels that broadcasting the off-air conversation is a breach of privacy.
24 July – The fourth series of ITV's Stars in Their Eyes concludes with the show's first live Grand Final, allowing viewers to vote for their favourite act. The series is won by Jacquii Cann, performing as Alison Moyet.
July – The ITC publishes the findings of a technical review of the future viability of launching a fifth television channel. By October, more than 70 parties have responded to its publication, including some expressing interest in running Channel 5 should the licence be readvertised.

August
6 August – The network television premiere of Gore Vidal's 1989 western Billy the Kid on BBC1, starring Val Kilmer.
 13–22 August – For the first time, British viewers are able to see full live coverage of the morning events of the World Athletics Championships. The full morning event coverage is broadcast on Eurosport, although the BBC does broadcast some live morning coverage.
18 August – ITV airs 15: The Life and Death of Philip Knight, Peter Kosminsky's drama-documentary film about a teenage man who took his own life in his cell at Swansea adult prison on 13 July 1990.
20 August – The network television premiere of the 1990 action comedy Heart Condition on BBC1, starring Bob Hoskins and Denzel Washington.
26 August – June Brown makes her last appearance in EastEnders as Dot Cotton, although she would return in 1997.
27 August – BBC1 airs a special live edition of Challenge Anneka in which Anneka Rice returns to some of the projects the show worked on to check on their progress.
29 August
The network television premiere of Steven Spielberg's 1989 bittersweet romantic fantasy Always on BBC1, starring Richard Dreyfuss, Holly Hunter, John Goodman and Audrey Hepburn in her final on-screen appearance.
The final episode of The $64,000 Question is broadcast on ITV.
Larry Peerce's 1988 biographical television movie Elvis and Me airs on ITV, based on 1985 book of the same name starring Dale Midkiff as Elvis and Susan Walters as Priscilla Presley.
30 August – The network television premiere of the 1990 live-action adventure Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, a film based on the popular series known in the UK as Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles.

September
1 September
Sky Multichannels launches. Consequently, many satellite channels, including Sky One and UK Gold, are now only viewable on satellite as part of a pay television package. At the same time, new idents launch on Sky's main channels.
Three new channels launch - The Family Channel, Nickelodeon UK and UK Living and all three join the Sky Multichannels package. The Family Channel shares space with The Children's Channel which now ends its day two hours earlier, at 5pm.
5 September
Debut of Karen Arthur's 1992 biographical miniseries The Jacksons: An American Dream on ITV, focusing on the Jackson family and its popular Motown pop group. The second part airs on 8 September.
The network television premiere of Garry Marshall's 1990 romantic comedy Pretty Woman airs on ITV, starring Richard Gere and Julia Roberts.
6 September
UK Gold introduces a new ident with the form-up of the first logo against a silky blue background, replacing the original 'Goldie' idents.
Debut of the trolley-dash game show Supermarket Sweep on ITV, presented by Dale Winton.
Debut of the children's series Sooty & Co. on CITV, starring Matthew Corbett.
Anne Robinson makes her debut as presenter of Watchdog on BBC1.
 10 September – BBC2 begins showing the late-night Horror double bill movie series  Dr. Terror's Vault of Horror, hosted by "Dr Walpurgis", played by Guy Henry.  The first films shown are the 1986 comedy horror film Vamp, starring Grace Jones and the 1960 gothic horror The Mask of Satan.
11 September
The network television premiere of Robert Zemeckis' 1989 time-travel sequel Back to the Future: Part II on BBC1, starring Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, Thomas F. Wilson and Elisabeth Shue.
Sky One moves E Street from its weekday early evening slot to a weekend daytime slot where it is shown in hour-long episodes on Saturdays from 6pm to 7pm and Sundays from 1pm to 2pm. The weekday 6:30pm slot is used to air episodes of Paradise Beach, but E Street is restored to the weekday slot in January 1994 after the move proves to be unpopular.
12 September
The biographical drama miniseries Sinatra makes its debut on ITV which focuses on the life of the legendary singer and actor Frank Sinatra and stars Philip Casnoff, Olympia Dukakis, Joe Santos, Gina Gershon and Rod Steiger. The concluding part is aired on 13 September.
BBC1 airs A Foreign Field as part of the Screen One strand starring Alec Guinness, Lauren Bacall, Leo McKern and Jeanne Moreau. It was directed by Charles Sturridge and featured an ensemble cast of American, Australian, British and French stars and its title evokes Rupert Brooke's 1915 poem The Soldier.
16 September – The network television premiere of Die Hard 2: Die Harder on ITV, starring Bruce Willis, Bonnie Bedelia, Dennis Franz and Reginald VelJohnson.
17 September – Cartoon Network and classic movie channel TNT launch in the UK. They share the same transponder with Cartoon Network broadcasting during the day and TNT broadcasting during the evening and overnight. The channels are free-to-air on satellite and are not part of the Sky Multichannels package.
19 September
The network television premiere of Peter Weir's 1989 teen drama Dead Poets Society on ITV, starring Robin Williams.
Channel 4 airs Blue, a drama film directed by Derek Jarman who is partially blind and only able to see in shades of blue. BBC Radio 3 also broadcasts the film simultaneously so that viewers could hear the soundtrack in stereo.
20 September
The educational numeracy series Numbertime makes its debut on BBC2.
Schools programmes continue to be shown on Channel 4, now under the branding of Channel 4 Schools with new idents to accompany the change.
21 September – BBC1 airs A Murderer's Game, an edition of the Crimewatch File series looking at the 1992 hunt for the kidnapper of the Birmingham estate agent Stephanie Slater.
22 September
The game show Lose A Million makes its debut on ITV, presented by Chris Tarrant with a voiceover by Honor Blackman in which contestants win a total of £1 million and attempt to lose as many of them as possible by answering questions incorrectly. It was later axed on 1 December and the show lasted only a single series.
Children's ITV debuts Old Bear Stories and Avenger Penguins, the former would go on to win a BAFTA award for Best Children's Programme.
BBC1 airs Hostage, an edition of the Inside Story strand in which Terry Waite speaks about his years of captivity in Beirut.
23 September – Debut of the popular children's educational series Come Outside on BBC2, starring Lynda Baron as Auntie Mabel alongside her dog Pippin.
24 September
The animated series Philbert Frog makes its debut on BBC1.
Channel 4 debuts the late night magazine topical programme Eurotrash, presented by Antoine de Caunes and Jean-Paul Gaultier, with narrative voiceovers by British comic actress Maria McErlane. The show features a comical review of unusual topics mainly from Western and Central Europe, with all intellectual property rights to the series are now controlled by the production company Rapido TV.
September – Scottish Television reschedules Emmerdale from 7pm to 5.10pm and uses the slot to broadcast daily regional programmes, including Take the High Road. This arrangement continues until early 1998 when Emmerdale is moved back to its original slot.
September–October – Channel 4 broadcasts live coverage of the Professional Chess Association version of the World Chess Championship 1993. Two hours of coverage are broadcast for each match. This is the first time that live chess has been broadcast in the UK.

October
1 October – QVC launches, becoming the first shopping channel in the UK. The channel had originally launched in the US in 1986.
2 October
The Saturday morning children's series Live & Kicking makes its debut on BBC1, presented by Andi Peters, Emma Forbes and John Barrowman.
Super Channel is renamed as the NBC Super Channel following it being taken over by the US company General Electric, at this time parent of the NBC network.
The US superhero series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers makes its UK debut on Sky One.
19 October – The last on-screen appearance of Roly, the EastEnders dog and Queen Vic resident who has been part of the soap since the first episode. The episode featuring his demise attracted an audience of 14.8 million viewers. The dog who played Roly dies during a heatwave on 2 August 1995.
20 October
Debut of Thatcher: The Downing Street Years, a four-part BBC1 series looking at the premiership of Margaret Thatcher.
Kirsty Wark makes her debut as anchor on BBC2's Newsnight.
The Independent Television Commission issues Channel 4 with a formal warning for an episode of the soap Brookside which aired on 7 and 8 May that depicted a wife stabbing her abusive husband to death.
21 October – Channel 4 is granted permission by the High Court to show excerpts from Stanley Kubrick's controversial 1971 film A Clockwork Orange as part of its Without Walls series. The film Forbidden Fruit, is shown on 26 October. Time Warner had sought to prevent Channel 4 from showing scenes from the film which has been banned in the UK since 1973 after Kubrick withdrew it amid concerns it was encouraging violence; the ban is lifted in 2000, a year after Kubrick's death.
29 October – The final episode of the game show Every Second Counts is broadcast on BBC1.

November
2 November – Prime Minister John Major announces a review of the 1988 broadcasting ban, telling the House of Commons that broadcasters are stretching it "to the limit and perhaps beyond".
7 November – The US animated series based on the popular Sega video game Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog makes its debut on Channel 4, two months after its US debut.
8 November – The first advert for an undertaker's is broadcast during an early evening episode of the Scottish soap opera Take the High Road on ITV.
9 November
It'll Never Work?, a children's series showcasing new inventions and developments in scientific technology, makes its debut on BBC1.
The network television premiere of Paul Verhoeven's 1990 science-fiction action thriller Total Recall on ITV, starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Sharon Stone, Rachel Ticotin, Michael Ironside and Ronny Cox.
16 November – Patsy Palmer makes her EastEnders debut as the long-running character Bianca Jackson.
18 November
Several schoolchildren are killed in a minibus crash on the M40. The incident is carried as the lead story on ITV's Early Evening News and News at Ten, while the BBC's Nine O'Clock News carries it as the third item, behind the State Opening of Parliament and a piece about the Troubles. The BBC's decision to put the item third attracts strong criticism from other journalists who question the reasoning behind it and accuse the BBC for being out of touch.
The time-travelling sitcom Goodnight Sweetheart makes its debut on BBC1, starring Nicholas Lyndhurst, Michelle Holmes, Dervla Kirwan and Victor McGuire.
19 November – Channel 4 airs the first "Late Licence" which is shown on Friday and Saturday nights until around 5am. The first "Late Licence" is presented by Smashie and Nicey with the strand showing repeats of the channel's programmes such as editions of The Word.
20 November –
Leslie Crowther makes his first appearance since his accident on The Royal Variety Performance, appearing alongside Cilla Black.
The music video for Mr Blobby premieres on Noel’s House Party on BBC1.
22 November – On the 30th anniversary of the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Channel 4 airs the documentary As It Happened: The Killing of Kennedy which gives a minute-by-minute account of the events of 22 November 1963 with contributions from scores of eyewitnesses.
23 November – 30th anniversary of the first broadcast of Doctor Who.
26–27 November – BBC1 airs the two-part Doctor Who special Dimensions in Time, a crossover with EastEnders. The episode is part of the 1993 Children in Need appeal and is the first new Doctor Who episode since the series ended in December 1989.
29 November
The final edition of The Krypton Factor is broadcast on ITV after 16 years. It returned in 1995 with co-host Penny Smith and was briefly revived in 2009 and 2010 which was presented by Ben Shephard.
The three-part dramatisation of Carol Clewlow's 1989 erotic novel A Woman's Guide to Adultery makes its debut on ITV, starring Amanda Donohoe, Theresa Russell, Adrian Dunbar and Sean Bean. The serial concludes on 13 December.

December
5 December
Mr Blobby, a novelty song inspired by the Noel's House Party character of the same name, tops the UK Singles Chart. After being replaced a week later by Take That's Babe, the song returns to the top to become the 1993 Christmas number one.
The pilot episode for the comedy talk show Mrs Merton is shown by Granada Television with the titular character played by Caroline Aherne. It would be picked up for a full series on BBC2 in 1995.
6 December – ITV's North West England franchise holder Granada launches a hostile takeover for London Weekend Television, worth £600million. The takeover bid comes about because of the relaxation of the rules governing the network. LWT tries to outstep the takeover bid by initiating talks with Yorkshire Television and Scottish Television.
9 December – Peter Sissons hosts his last edition of Question Time, having chaired the show since 1989.
13 December – The Times reports that a conflict of words has broken out between London Weekend Television and Granada over LWT's talks with Yorkshire Television. Granada claims the YTV-LWT deal is "something cobbled together by desperate men". Gerry Robinson, the Chairman of Granada plc is dismissive of the deal, especially since Yorkshire has made a £10million loss and is already paying much of its revenue to the government. Reports also suggest if LWT bid for Yorkshire Television it would also form an alliance with Anglia who would takeover Tyne Tees Television.
18 December – BBC2 broadcasts the Arena special "Radio Night", an ambitious simulcast with BBC Radio 4.
21 December – The Marcopolo 1 satellite is sold to Sweden's Nordic Satellite AB and is renamed Sirius 1.
22 December – Plato's Stepchildren, an episode of the US science-fiction series Star Trek, is shown on BBC2 for the first time, having not been seen on British television since its original run on BBC1.
24 December
Christmas Eve highlights on BBC1 include the network television premiere of the 1990 espionage thriller The Hunt for Red October, starring Sean Connery and Alec Baldwin.
Edward Tudor-Pole succeeds Richard O'Brien as presenter on The Crystal Maze on Channel 4.
25 December
Christmas Day highlights on BBC1 include the network television premieres of the time-travel sequel Back to the Future: Part III with Michael J Fox and Christopher Lloyd and the smash hit romantic fantasy Ghost starring Patrick Swayze and Demi Moore.
Channel 4 airs its first Alternative Christmas message. The broadcast features a contemporary, often controversial celebrity, delivering a message in the manner of The Queen. The first alternative message is delivered by Quentin Crisp.
26 December
Boxing Day highlights on BBC1 include the films Superman III and The Outlaw Josey Wales.
The Wrong Trousers, the second short film starring Wallace and Gromit, makes its debut on BBC2, featuring the voice of Peter Sallis as Wallace.
27 December
Channel 4 airs Prince Cinders, a short animated film based on a book by children's author and illustrator Babette Cole. The film features the voices of well known stars such as Dexter Fletcher, Jonathan Ross, Jim Broadbent, Jennifer Saunders and Craig Charles, as well as two original songs performed by singer Miriam Stockley and comedian Lenny Henry.
The pilot episode for the comedy panel game show Shooting Stars is broadcast on BBC2, presented by Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer. It would return for a full series in 1995.
30 December
The Times reports that Granada has increased its takeover bid for LWT to £658million.
Episodes of Emmerdale featuring the controversial plane crash storyline begin airing on ITV. The storyline was developed to win higher ratings for the series which was threatened with cancellation due to low viewing figures. However, although it succeeded in turning around the fortunes of the series, ITV received many complaints about the timing of the story which came shortly after the fifth anniversary of the Lockerbie disaster.
31 December
The first edition of the annual Scottish football-themed comedy sketch show Only an Excuse? is broadcast on BBC1 Scotland which was aired each Hogmanay.
BBC2 airs the first Hootenanny, an annual New Year's Eve music show hosted by Jools Holland. The first edition includes performances from Sting, the Gipsy Kings and Sly and Robbie.

Debuts

BBC1
 3 January – Breakfast with Frost (1993–2005)
 5 January – First Letter First (1993)
 6 January
The Animals of Farthing Wood (1993–1995)
Fame in the 20th Century (1993)
The Adventures of Buzzy Bee and Friends (1993)
The Return of the Psammead (1993)
 7 January – Joking Apart (1993–1995)
 10 January – Gallowglass (1993)
 27 January – The Detectives (1993–1997)
 15 February – Bonjour la Classe (1993)
 17 February – Century Falls (1993)
 28 February – A Year in Provence (1993)
 9 March – Luv (1993–1994)
 11 March – Chef! (1993–1996)
 28 March – You, Me and It (1993)
 2 April – The Riff Raff Element (1993–1994)
 10 April – Westbeach (1993)
 27 May – Every Silver Lining (1993)
 6 June – Lady Chatterley (1993)
 15 July – The Leaving of Liverpool (1993)
 17 July – McGee and Me! (1989–1995)
 7 September – Tales of the Tooth Fairies (1992)
 13 September – Albert the 5th Musketeer (1993)
 18 September
Happy Families (1993)
Harry (1993–1995)
 21 September – The Smell of Reeves and Mortimer (1993–1995)
 24 September – Philbert Frog (1993)
 25 September – Marlene Marlowe Investigates (1993–1994)
 27 September – The Greedysaurus Gang (1993)
 30 September – The Adventures of Blinky Bill (1994)
 2 October – Live & Kicking (1993–2001)
 19 October – Children's Hospital (1993–2003)
 31 October – Scarlet and Black (1993)
 9 November – It'll Never Work? (1993–1999)
 11 November
If You See God, Tell Him (1993)
The Boot Street Band (1993)
 15 November
Mortimer and Arabel (1993–1994)
Goodnight Sweetheart (1993–1999)
 18 November – Life in the Freezer (1993)
 21 November – To Play the King (1993)
 29 November – Doctor Who: Thirty Years in the TARDIS (1993)
 8 December – Stark (1993)
 30 December – Health and Efficiency (1993–1995)
 31 December – Only an Excuse? (1993–2020)

BBC2
 7 January – Joking Apart (1993–1995)
 12 January – Magic Grandad (1993–2009)
 19 January – The Ark (1993) (documentary series)
 3 February – The Mushroom Picker (1993)
 24 February – Mr Wroe's Virgins (1993)
 7 March – The Living Soap (1993)
 24 March
Goggle-Eyes (1993)
I, Lovett (1993)
 31 March – Burke's Backyard (1987–2004)
 4 April – Rugrats (1991–1995, 1996–2004)
 1 May – Olly's Prison (1993)
 4 June – One Foot in the Past (1993–2000)
 13 July – Far Flung Floyd (1993)
 22 July – No Stilettos (1993)
 1 September – Love and Reason (1993)
 20 September
Newman and Baddiel in Pieces (1993)
Numbertime (1993–2001)
 23 September – Come Outside (1993–1997)
 6 October – Seinfeld (1989–1998)
 10 October – Dr. Terror's Vault of Horror (1993-1996)
 22 October – The Larry Sanders Show (1992–1998)
 3 November – The Buddha of Suburbia (1993)
 14 November – The Return of the Borrowers  (1993)
 15 November – Consuming Passions (1992–2001)
 5 December – The Mrs Merton Show (1993–1998)
 8 December – Stark (1993)
 26 December – The Wrong Trousers (1993)
 27 December – Shooting Stars (1993–1997, 2002, 2008–2011)
 31 December – Jools Annual Hootenanny (1993–present)

ITV
 1 January – GMTV (1993–2010)
 2 January
Unnatural Causes (1993)
Saturday Disney (1993–1996)
 3 January
The Man Who Cried (1993)
Tots TV (1993–1998)
 4 January
ITV News Meridian (1993–present)
Harry's Mad (1993–1996)
Westcountry Live (1993–2009)
 5 January
Full Stretch (1993)
Oasis (1993)
Wizadora (1993–1998)
 8 January
ZZZap! (1993–2001)
Eye of the Storm (1993)
 9 January
Speaking our Language (1993–1996)
Tracey Ullman: A Class Act (1993)
 10 January — Anna Lee (1993–1994)
 11 January –
Head over Heels (1993)
The Good Sex Guide (1993–1996)
 17 February – Three Seven Eleven (1993–1994)
 23 February – The 10 Percenters (1993–1996)
 1 March – September Song (1993–1995)
 5 March – Doctor Finlay (1993–1996)
 8 March – A Statement of Affairs (1993)
 9 March – The Brighton Belles (1993–1994)
 29 March – Shortland Street (1992–present)
 6 April – The Sherman Plays (1993–1997)
 7 April – The Lodge (1993)
 8 April
 Body & Soul (1993)
 Just a Gigolo (1993)
 9 April – The Gingerbread Girl (1993)
 16 April – Conjugal Rites (1993–1994)
 25 April – Seekers (1993)
 2 May – Riders (1993)
 5 May – Sharpe (1993–1997, 2006–2008)
 9 May – Harnessing Peacocks (1993)
 10 May – Peak Practice (1993–2002)
 20 May – Rik Mayall Presents (Anthology – 6 episodes: Micky Love, Briefest Encounter, Dancing Queen, The Big One, Dirty Old Town and Clair de Lune) (1993)
 21 May – Strange but True? (1993–1997)
 28 May – Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman (1993–1998)
 10 June – Telltale (1993)
 29 June – Rubbish, King of the Jumble (1993–1994)
 3 July – Time After Time (1993–1995)
 7 July – What You Lookin' At? (1993)
 8 July – Michael Ball (1993–1995)
 11 July – Over the Rainbow (1993)
 12 July – Frank Stubbs Promotes (1993–1994)
 27 July – Kyle Again (1993–1994)
 7 August – Wycliffe (1993–1998)
 18 August – 15: The Life and Death of Philip Knight (1993)
 6 September
Dale's Supermarket Sweep (1993–2001, 2007)
Sooty & Co. (1993–1998)
 10 September
The Legends of Treasure Island (1993–1995)
Alphabet Castle (1993–1995)
 22 September
Avenger Penguins (1993–1994)
Lose A Million (1993)
 24 September – Old Bear Stories (1993–1997)
 27 September – Cracker (1993–1996, 2006)
 15 October – Demob (1993)
 16 October – Circles of Deceit (1993; 1995–1996)
 21 October – All in the Game (1993)
 2 November – Hurricanes (1993–1997)
 4 November – Wolf It (1993–1996)
 14 November – SeaQuest DSV (1993–1996)
 29 November – A Woman's Guide to Adultery (1993)
 3 December – All or Nothing at All (1993)
Unknown
Goof Troop (1992–1993)
Darkwing Duck (1991–1992)

Channel 4
 2 January – Spiff and Hercules (1989)
 3 January – Hammerman (1992)
 4 January – Lift Off (1992–1995)
 21 February – Lipstick on Your Collar (1993)
 27 February – Fourways Farm (1993–1996)
 23 March – Eerie, Indiana (1991-1993)
 6 June – Comics (1993)
 12 June – The Legend of White Fang (1992–1994)
 6 July – An Exchange of Fire (1993)
 10 July – California Dreams (1993–1996)
 13 July – The Adventures of T-Rex (1992–1993)
 25 August – Mr Don & Mr George (1993)
 24 September – Eurotrash (1993–2004)
 28 September – Tales of the City (1993; 1998)
 17 October – Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa (1992–1997)
 31 October
King Arthur and the Knights of Justice (1993)
Popeye and Son (1993–2003)
 2 November – Closing Numbers (1993)
 7 November – Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog (1993)
 27 December – Prince Cinders (1993)
 29 December – Who Dealt? (1993)
 30 December – Jo Brand Through the Cakehole (1993–1996)

Sky One
20 January – The Round Table (1992)
14 February – Diana: Her True Story (1993)
1 March – Games World (1993–1998)
2 May – The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1992–1993)
10 June – Eddie Dodd (1991)
4 July – Stingray (1985–1987)
20 July – Civil Wars (1991–1993)
4 August – Picket Fences (1992–1996)
15 August – Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1993–1999)
6 September – Paradise Beach (1993)
7 September – Moomin (1990)
2 October
X-Men (1992–1997)
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (1993–1995)
31 October – Bloodlines: Murder in the Family (1993)
14 November – The Sands of Time (1992)
21 November – JFK: Reckless Youth (1993)

Channels

New channels

Defunct channels

Rebranded channels

Television shows

Returning this year after a break of one year or longer
 Celebrity Squares (1975–1979, 1993–1997, 2014–2015)
 The Inspector Alleyn Mysteries (1990, 1993–1994)

Ending this year
 Blockbusters (1983–1993, 1994–1995, 1997, 2000–2001, 2012, 2019)
 First Tuesday (1983–1993)
 Highway (1983–1993)
 Henry's Cat (1983–1993)
 Busman's Holiday (1985–1993)
 ScreenPlay (1986–1993)
 Every Second Counts (1986–1993)
 Going Live! (1987–1993)
 Runway (1987–1993)
 Watching (1987–1993)
 Count Duckula (1988–1993)
 You Rang, M'Lord? (1988–1993)
 I, Lovett (1989–1993)
 Absolutely (1989–1993)
 KYTV (1989–1993)
 Press Gang (1989–1993)
 Rolf's Cartoon Club (1989–1993)
 The $64,000 Question (1990–1993)
 Jeeves and Wooster (1990–1993)
 Uncle Jack (1990–1993)
 Families (1990–1993)
 The Darling Buds of May (1991–1993)
 The Full Wax (1991–1993)
 Radio Roo (1991–1993)
 Spider (1991–1993)
 Spender (1991–1993)
 Eldorado (1992–1993)
 Funnybones (1992–1993)
 Grace & Favour (1992–1993)
 The Good Guys (1992–1993)

Births
 10 January – Jacob Scipio, actor
 22 January – Tommy Knight, actor
 27 January – Freddy Carter, actor
 8 March – Stephanie Davis, actress
 11 March – Jodie Comer, actress
 19 June – KSI, media personality
 25 June – Barney Clark, actor
 23 November – Isabel Hodgins, actress

Deaths

See also
 1993 in British music
 1993 in British radio
 1993 in the United Kingdom
 List of British films of 1993

References

External links
List of 1993 British television series at IMDb


NEN or Nen may refer to:

Acronym
Near Earth Network (formerly Ground Network), a NASA network of ground stations to support space flight missions
NEN (TV station), an Australian television station licensed to, and serving northern New South Wales
NEN (National Entrepreneurship Network), a Wadhwani Foundation initiative for building institutional capacity for entrepreneur support.

People
Dick Nen (born 1939), former Major League first baseman
Nicolas Le Nen, French army officer
Robb Nen (born 1969), former right-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball
Nen Sothearoth (born 1995), Cambodian footballer
Trần Văn Nên (born 1927), former Vietnamese cyclist

Other uses
Nen language (Cameroon), a Bantoid language of Cameroon
Nen language (Papuan), a language of Papua New Guinea
Nen River, a river in China
Nen, a form of magic from the anime Hunter x Hunter

See also

Nela (name)


The Silver Slugger Award is awarded annually to the best offensive player at each position in both the American League (AL) and the National League (NL), as determined by the coaches and managers of Major League Baseball (MLB). These voters consider several offensive categories in selecting the winners, including batting average, slugging percentage, and on-base percentage (OBP), in addition to "coaches' and managers' general impressions of a player's overall offensive value". Managers and coaches are not permitted to vote for players on their own team. The Silver Slugger was first awarded in 1980 and is given by Hillerich & Bradsby, the manufacturer of Louisville Slugger bats. The award is a bat-shaped trophy, 3 feet (91 cm) tall, engraved with the names of each of the winners from the league and plated with sterling silver.

Among catchers, Mike Piazza has won the most Silver Slugger Awards, with ten consecutive wins in the National League between 1993 and 2002; this is the most Silver Sluggers won consecutively by any player in Major League Baseball. In the American League, Iván Rodríguez has won the most Silver Sluggers, with six consecutive wins from 1994 to 1999, and a seventh when he tied with Víctor Martínez in 2004. Lance Parrish won the American League award six times (1980, 1982–1984, 1986, and 1990), and Joe Mauer and Jorge Posada have won it five times; Mauer won in 2006, 2008–2010 and 2013, while Posada won in 2000–2003 and 2007. Hall of Famer Gary Carter (1981–1983, 1984–1986),  Buster Posey (2012, 2014–2015, 2017, 2021), and Brian McCann (2006, 2008–2011) are five-time winners in the National League; McCann also won a sixth Silver Slugger in 2016, but in the American League. Other multiple awardees include Salvador Perez (four wins; 2016, 2018, 2020–2021), Benito Santiago (four wins; 1987–1988, 1990–1991), J. T. Realmuto (three wins; 2018–2019, 2022), Mickey Tettleton (three wins; 1989, 1991–1992) and Carlton Fisk (three wins; 1981, 1985, 1988). J. T. Realmuto and Alejandro Kirk are the most recent National and American League winners, respectively.

Piazza holds several Major League records for catchers in a Silver Slugger-winning season; most were set in 1997. That season, he had an on-base percentage of .431, and had 124 runs batted in (a total he matched in 1999) to lead the award-winning catchers in those statistical categories. Perez holds the Major League record among winners for home runs (48), which he set in 2021, and American League records for runs batted in (121) and slugging percentage (.633), also in 2021. Javy López holds the Major League record among winners for slugging percentage (.687); these were set in 2003. López also leads National League winners in home runs with 43 in 2003. Mauer holds the Major League record in batting average with a .365 clip he set in 2009. Mauer also leads the American League in on-base percentage (.444 in 2009).

Key

American League winners

National League winners

References

Inline citations

External links
Louisville Slugger - The Silver Slugger Award

Silver Slugger Award
Awards established in 1980


Just before 2:00 pm on 1 April 2009, Bond Offshore Helicopters Flight 85N crashed  north-east of Peterhead, Scotland in the North Sea while returning from a BP oil platform in the Miller oilfield,  north-east of Peterhead. The crash killed all sixteen people aboard. The flight was operated using a Eurocopter AS332L2 Super Puma Mk 2 belonging to Bond Offshore Helicopters. The cause of the crash was main rotor separation following a catastrophic gearbox failure.

The helicopter was flown by Captain Paul Burnham and co-pilot Richard Menzies, both working for Bond Offshore Helicopters. Most of the victims were employees of KCA Deutag Drilling.

Bond also operated a very similar Eurocopter EC225LP helicopter which ditched in the North Sea on 18 February 2009, in which all 18 aboard were rescued.

The most serious North Sea helicopter accident was the 1986 British International Helicopters Chinook crash, when a Boeing 234 Chinook crashed, killing 45 people.

Recovery
The search for survivors was called off on the evening of 2 April, rescuers admitting that there was no chance of finding anyone alive, and the seismic survey vessel Vigilant returned to Peterhead on 4 April. The eight bodies found a few hours after the crash were taken to Aberdeen and then on to a police mortuary.

The Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) chartered the Vigilant for its initial investigation, which arrived on site on 3 April, carrying specialised sonar equipment to locate the wreckage on the seabed. No EPIRB beacon signal had been reported.

Grampian Police stated on the evening of 4 April that they had identified the eight bodies that were initially recovered from the surface of the sea. A second vessel, the Diving Support Vessel Bibby Topaz, was chartered to assist the work, and sailed from Peterhead on 4 April, to recover the remaining eight bodies that were not found on the surface, as well as wreckage and the cockpit voice and flight data recorders.

The wreckage of the Super Puma was located on the sea bed at a depth of  by the Bibby Topaz. The remaining eight bodies were recovered from inside the fuselage. The combined FDR/CVR was recovered and sent to the Farnborough headquarters of the AAIB for analysis, as was all the wreckage.

Investigation

The AAIB invited the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (BEA), Eurocopter, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), and the UK Civil Aviation Authority to participate. The AAIB released a third press statement on 4 April 2009 stating that work to recover the wreckage of G-REDL was continuing.

On 11 April the AAIB released its initial report into the accident in which it stated that the immediate cause of the accident was a "catastrophic failure of the main rotor gearbox" and the consequent detachment of the main rotor. Three safety recommendations were made, the first of which was that all Super Puma helicopters should receive additional checks on the main rotor gearbox epicyclic module.

On 17 April the AAIB released a second report noting that metallic debris from the gearbox had been detected 34 flying hours prior to the helicopter crash. However, "no signs of an incipient gearbox failure were detected". In response, the EASA ordered an "urgent" inspection of the gearboxes on both the AS332L2 Super Puma and the EC225LP Super Puma. Helicopter operators were given to 24 April to complete the inspections.

On 16 July the AAIB published AAIB Special Bulletin: 5/2009 detailing further progress in the investigation, including two further safety recommendations 2009–74 and 2009–75. These respectively called on the EASA to urgently review the manuals on magnetic particle detection and on planetary gear inspection.

On 24 November 2011 the AAIB published its Formal Report 20/2011 into the accident. The cause of the accident was attributed to the catastrophic failure of the Main Rotor Gearbox as a result of a fatigue fracture of a second stage planet gear in the epicyclic module.

In addition the investigation identified three contributory factors:

 The actions taken following the discovery of a magnetic particle on the epicyclic module chip detector on 25 March 2009, 36 flying hours prior to the accident, resulted in the particle not being recognised as an indication of degradation of the second stage planet gear, which subsequently failed.
 After 25 March 2009, the existing detection methods did not provide any further indication of the degradation of the second stage planet gear.
 The ring of magnets installed on the AS332 L2 and EC225 main rotor gearboxes reduced the probability of detecting released debris from the epicyclic module.

Seventeen Safety Recommendations were made as a result of the investigation.

On 13 March 2014, an official UK government inquiry found that the accident could have been prevented if maintenance procedures had been correctly followed.

See also
Other North Sea helicopter incidents:
 1986 British International Helicopters Chinook crash
 Bristow Helicopters Flight 56C (1995)
 Helikopter Service Flight 451 (1997)
 CHC Helikopter Service Flight 241 (2016)

 Cougar Helicopters Flight 91 - similar accident involving a Sikorsky S-92 helicopter in Canada that happened the previous month

References

Further reading
AAIB Report http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources.cfm?file=/2-2011%20G-REDL.pdf

North Sea Helicopter Crash April 2009
Aviation accidents and incidents in Scotland
North Sea Helicopter Crash April 2009
BP
2009 disasters in the United Kingdom
2009 in Scotland
North Sea energy
Aviation accidents and incidents in the North Sea
April 2009 events in Europe


In its second year in the National Association, the 1872 Athletic Baseball Club of Philadelphia finished in fourth place with a record of 30–14.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
1872 Philadelphia Athletics season at Baseball Reference

Philadelphia Athletics (1860–1876) seasons
Philadelphia Athletics
Philadelphia Athletics season
19th century in Philadelphia


Hits Greatest Stiffs is a various artists compilation album, drawn from ten of the first eleven Stiff Records singles, BUY 1 to BUY 11.

The tracks follow the numerical order of the singles, but feature mostly the B-sides, although several singles were originally issued as double A-sides. The other sides of the Motörhead and Elvis Costello tracks had appeared on the previous compilation album, A Bunch of Stiff Records.  The missing single from the sequence (BUY 10) was "Neat Neat Neat"/"Stab Your Back"/"Singalongascabies" by the Damned whereas both sides of the Tyla Gang's single were included on this album.

The inner sleeve included pictures of numerous artists, such as Abba and Tom Petty, who appeared on other labels. Although some thought this was some form of slight, they were shown because Stiff admired them, despite their being on other labels.  The album did not enter the UK charts. However, it featured some of the most influential recording artists of the new wave era.

Release history
Issued as an LP (FIST 1) on 16 September 1977, it was also issued on Cassette (ZFIST 1) on 22 October 1977.  It has not been re-released on CD.

Initial copies of the LP included a free copy of the next single, BUY 12, Max Wall's "England's Glory"/"Dream Tobacco".

Track listing
 Nick Lowe – "Heart Of The City" – (B-side of BUY 1 "So It Goes")
 Pink Fairies – "Between The Lines" – (A-side of BUY 2)
 Roogalator – "Cincinnati Fatback" – (B-side of BUY 3 "All Aboard")
 Tyla Gang – "Styrofoam" – (A-side of BUY 4)
 Tyla Gang – "Texas Chainsaw Massacre Boogie" – (B-side of BUY 4)
 Lew Lewis – "Caravan Man" – (B-side of BUY 5 "Boogie on the Street")
 The Damned – "Help!" – (B-side of BUY 6 "New Rose")
 Richard Hell – "You Gotta Lose" – (B-side of BUY 7 "Another World"/"Blank Generation")
 Plummet Airlines – "This Is The World" – (B-side of BUY 8 "Silver Shirt")
 Motörhead – "Leaving Here" (A-side of BUY 9 [B-side "White Line Fever"])
 Elvis Costello – "Radio Sweetheart" (B-side of BUY 11 "Less Than Zero")

See also
Stiff Records discography

References

External links
[ Allmusic listing] Retrieved 31 March 2009

1977 compilation albums
Stiff Records compilation albums
New wave compilation albums


Gaḷḷegos is one of 15 parishes (administrative divisions) in Mieres, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Towns
 Canga Fondera
 Canga Cimera
 Cenera
 Los Fornieḷḷos
 Foz
 Gaḷḷegos
 Vistrimir
 Viḷḷar
 La Fariega
 Ḷḷandegustio

References

Parishes in Mieres


The 1873 Athletic Baseball Club of Philadelphia finished in fifth place in the National Association with a record of 28-23. First baseman Cap Anson batted .398 and was second in the league batting race.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
1873 Philadelphia Athletics season at Baseball Reference

Philadelphia Athletics (1860–1876) seasons
Philadelphia Athletics
Philadelphia Athletics
19th century in Philadelphia


Jean Shin (born 1971) is an American artist living in Brooklyn, NY. She is known for creating elaborate sculptures and site-specific installations using accumulated cast-off materials.

Personal life
Shin was born in Seoul, South Korea and moved to the United States when she was 6 years old, growing up in Bethesda, Maryland. Both of her parents who had been professors in Seoul took various jobs after moving to the Washington, D.C. area, eventually owning a supermarket and liquor store.

Shin was encouraged to pursue painting seriously in high school, and in 1990 during her senior year she entered the Presidential Scholars Program competition in the arts and won a full scholarship to Pratt Institute in Brooklyn. She received a B.F.A. in painting in 1994 and an M.S. in Art History and Criticism in 1996. She then worked at the Whitney Museum in New York as a curatorial assistant. Since 1998, she has taught at the Pratt Institute as an adjunct professor. She also attended the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture in 1999.

Work
Shin is best known for her labor-intensive, sculptural process of transforming accumulations of cast-off objects into visually alluring, conceptually rich works. For each project, she amasses vast collections of a particular object—prescription pill bottles, sports trophies, sweaters—which are often sourced through donations from individuals in a participating community. These intimate objects then become the materials for her sculptures, video and site-specific installations. Her works navigate the boundary between abstraction and representation, while considering both formal issues and cultural investigations.

Shin's artwork references a wide range of art historical precedents, from minimalism, with its unyielding repetition of singular forms, to feminism, with its focus on traditional craft techniques, and Arte Povera, with its connection to everyday life.

Her inventory of scavenged and obsolete materials includes worn shoes, lost socks, broken umbrellas, broken ceramics, discarded lottery tickets, and prescription pill bottles, all of which she accumulates in massive quantities. Shin then transmutes these finds through a meticulous process of deconstruction, alteration, and restoration. The resulting sculptures and installations consist of hundreds, sometimes thousands, of seemingly identical objects, each of which carries a multitude of potential meanings that inspire both personal and collective associations.

The focus shifts constantly in my installations between individual and group identity, the single unit and the larger whole, the intimate and the excessive. My elaborate work-process mirrors these dualities, as objects of mass production and consumerism are transformed through intense handmade labor.

Shin's work is included in New York City's Second Avenue Subway. In addition to Shin, fellow artists in the "extensive underground art museum funded and commissioned by MTA Arts & Design" include Chuck Close, Sarah Sze and Vik Muniz. Shin's installation "Elevated" mosaics located at the Lexington Avenue–63rd Street station is based on early-20th-century photographs of the 2nd and 3rd Avenue elevated lines from the Transit Museum and New-York Historical Society archives.

Exhibitions
Shin's work has been widely exhibited in major national and international museums, including a 2004 solo project at The Museum of Modern Art in New York, The Fabric Workshop and Museum in Philadelphia in 2006, and a solo exhibition at the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington, DC in 2009.

 2018: "Jean Shin: Collections", The Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia,PA
 2017: "MetaCloud", Pioneer Works, Brooklyn, NY; "MAiZE", Jule Collins Smith Museum of Fine Art at Auburn University, Auburn, AL; "MAiZE", Figge Art Museum, Davenport, IA
 2016: "Surface Tension", Cristin Tierney Gallery, New York, NY
 2015: "Inclusions", Trammell & Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art, Dallas, TX; "Links", Olson Gallery, Bethel University, St. Paul, MN; "Domesticated Landscapes", Mark Moore Gallery, Culver City, CA
 2013: "Host", Montclair Art Museum, Montclair, NJ; "Intervals", The 13th KAFA Award Recipient Exhibition, Korean Cultural Center, Los Angeles, CA
 2012: "Jean Shin and Brian Ripel: Retreat", deCordova Museum and Sculpture Park, Lincoln, MA; "Recall", Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, NY
 2010: "Jean Shin and Brian Ripel: Unlocking", Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art, Scottsdale, AZ; "Pattern Folds", Calvin Klein Collection, New York, NY; Los Angeles, CA; Seoul, Korea
 2009: "Common Threads", Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
 2008: "And we move", Location One, New York, NY
 2007: "Key Promises", Frederieke Taylor Gallery, New York, NY
 2006: "TEXTile", The Fabric Workshop and Museum, Philadelphia, PA
 2005: "Glasscape", Galerie Eric Dupont, Paris, France; "Accumulations", University Art Museum at University at Albany, Albany, NY
 2004: "Projects 81: Jean Shin", Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY; "Recent Works", Frederieke Taylor Gallery, New York, NY; "Hide", Ulrich Museum, Wichita, KS
 2003: "Penumbra", Socrates Sculpture Park, Long Island City, NY
 1999: "444", Apexart, New York, NY

Public commissions
 2016 Elevated, MTA Arts & Design, Lexington Avenue–63rd Street (63rd Street Lines), New York, NY; Reclaimed, City of Seattle Office of Arts and Culture, Seattle Public Utilities, North Transfer Station, Seattle, WA
 2014 100 Wishes, Maimonides Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
 2010 Settings, New York City Department of Cultural Affairs, Percent for Art Commission, P/IS 276, Battery Park City, NY
 2008 Celadon Remnants, MTA, Arts for Transit Commission, LIRR Broadway Station, Queens, NY; Dress Code, US General Services Administration Art in Architecture Award, George Fallon Federal Building, Baltimore, MD

Collections

 Boise Art Museum, Boise, Idaho
 Calvin Klein Corporate Art Collection, New York, NY
 Chaney Family Collection
 Chase Bank Corporate Art Collection
 Citicorp Corporate Art Collection
 City of Seattle, Office of Arts and Culture
 Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
 Fabric Workshop and Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 Honolulu Museum of Art, Honolulu, Hawaii
 Lehman Brothers, London
 Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
 Metropolitan Transit Authority, Arts for Transit, Queens, New York
 Microsoft Corporate Art Collection
 Montclair Art Museum, Montclair, New Jersey
 Museum of Glass, International Center of Contemporary Art, Tacoma, Washington
 Neuberger Berman Collection
 The Percent for Art Program of the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs, New York, New York
 The Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
 Smithsonian Museum of American Art, Washington, District of Columbia
 Studio Museum in Harlem, New York, New York
 Surdna Foundation, New York, New York
 Sweet Blair College, Art Gallery, Virginia
 Ssamzie Collection, Seoul Korea
 Ulrich Museum of Art, University of Wichita, Wichita, Kansas
 U.S. General Services Administration, Art in Architecture, Baltimore, Maryland
 Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, Connecticut
 The West Family Collection

Recognition
 2018 Wave Hill Winter Workspace Residency, New York, NY
 2017 Pratt Alumni Achievement Award
 2016 Artist in Residence, Material for the Arts, Long Island City, NY
 2012 KAFA Award for the Visual Arts, Korea Arts Foundation of America
 2008 New York Foundation for the Arts, Fellowship Award in Architecture/Environmental Structures
 2007-08 Location One International Residency Program, New York, NY
 2006-07 Pollock-Krasner Foundation Grant
 2004-05 Dieu Donne Papermill, Studio Workshop Residency, New York, NY; Lower East Side Printshop, Special Editions Fellow, New York, NY
 2004 Creative Capital Professional Development Workshop, Mid-Atlantic Arts Foundation
 2003-06 Fabric Workshop and Museum, Artist Residency, Philadelphia, PA
 2003 New York Foundation for the Arts, Fellowship Award in Sculpture; Art Omi International Artists Residency, Brooklyn NY; BCAT/Rotunda Gallery Residency, Brooklyn, NY
 2001 Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation Biennial Art Award; Asian Cultural Council Fellowship
 1992 Vermont Studio Center, International Residency Program, Johnson, VT
 1990-04 Charles Pratt Scholar, Full Merit Scholarship and Pratt National Talent Search First Place, Brooklyn, NY
 1990 United States Presidential Scholar in the Arts (selected by the White House Commissioners); National Foundation for the Advancement for the Arts Award

References

External links
Jean Shin on the web
Jean Shin on artnet

American contemporary artists
1971 births
Living people
Artists from Seoul
21st-century American artists
21st-century American women artists
South Korean emigrants to the United States
Pratt Institute alumni
Pratt Institute faculty
Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture alumni
American women academics


César Nicanor Amaro Carlevaro (25 October 1948 – 31 July 2012) was a Uruguayan classical guitarist. He was well known to many guitar players and listeners.

Early life
Amaro was born in Montevideo, Uruguay, and began his guitar studies at age eleven years with his uncle, Abel Carlevaro, with whom he continued working until he perfected his guitar technique. At the same time he learned harmony and composition at the National Conservatory of the University in Montevideo.

Career and achievements
Cesar was an active teacher of the guitar. He was also the headmaster of the Guitar Superior Studies at the Conservatories of the towns of San José y Rocha, Uruguay. He was taught by Abel Carlevaro in some master classes for Uruguayan teachers in 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1987. His intense artistic activity includes presentations as solo player, guitar duo and with orchestras in several cities in Uruguay, Buenos Aires (Colon's Theater, San Martin's Theater), and in Europe (Poland, Romania, Italy, Bulgaria, France, Switzerland and Spain). He has attended international festivals, as solo player and with orchestras also ("Festivale Internazionale delle Nazione" in Rome (Italy), "Festival de Cinémas et Cultures de L'América Latine" in Biarritz in France, "Festival Argentina '97", 1° y 2° Festival International "Ciudad de Montevideo" in Montevideo, Uruguay.

He has attended as jury member in several international guitar competitions. As an active arranger and composer, he has created several works for guitar solo, two guitars and chamber orchestra. He has recordings and didactic material of his own among his edited material. Several composers have dedicated compositions to him, such as Mario Sagradini (Concierto Criollo for guitar and orchestra), Diego Legrand (Tarde Gris, tango), Abel Carlevaro (the last book of Microestudios), Dimitri Dumitrescu (Variaciones sobre un teme de Bártok), Elizabeth González (Alternativa). He has also recorded for Orfeo and Tacuabé (Uruguay), Edimur (Argentina), and Gemecs (Spain).

Amaro has particularly specialized in the interpretation of works of the Paraguayan composer Agustín Barrios, giving presentation, concerts and master classes about his life and music in America and Europe. In 1987, he received a recognition from the Centro Guitarrístico del Uruguay (Guitar Center of Uruguay). He has been the president of the Guitar Center of Uruguay since 1992. César Amaro also hosted the weekly TV program "La Guitarra y sus Intérpretes" (The Guitar and its Performers). Cesar Amaro was a good friend of the Argentine guitar master Oscar Emilio Tirao, better known by everyone as "Cacho" or "Cacho Tirao". Cacho Tirao played several songs and arrangements in Amaro's weekly TV program.

Amaro died on 31 July 2012. His remains are buried at Buceo Cemetery.

References

External links
 César Amaro Página del guitarrista y compositor uruguayo con videos, fotos, biografía, discografía y sus guitarras. (Official Website)

1948 births
2012 deaths
20th-century classical musicians
Uruguayan classical guitarists
Burials at Cementerio del Buceo, Montevideo


The Canton of Plombières-les-Bains is a French former administrative and electoral grouping of communes in the Vosges département of eastern France and in the region of Lorraine. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 4 communes, which joined the canton of Le Val-d'Ajol in 2015. It had 7,080 inhabitants (2012).

One of 13 cantons in the Arrondissement of Épinal, the Canton of Plombières-les-Bains had its administrative centre at Plombières-les-Bains.

Composition
The Canton of Plombières-les-Bains comprised the following 4 communes:
Bellefontaine
Girmont-Val-d'Ajol
Plombières-les-Bains
Le Val-d'Ajol

References

Plombieres-les-Bains
2015 disestablishments in France
States and territories disestablished in 2015


Local

American League

National League

Former teams

See also
List of current Major League Baseball broadcasters
The Baseball Network announcers
Owned-and-operated television stations in the United States

1ABC owned television station.

2CBS owned television station.

3Fox owned television station.

4NBC owned television station.

5Superstation (bold indicates former superstation).

National

Superstations

Postseason coverage
When the League Championship Series was first instituted in 1969, the Major League Baseball television contract at the time allowed a local TV station in the market of each competing team to also carry the LCS games. So, for example, Mets fans in New York could choose to watch either the NBC telecast or Lindsey Nelson, Bob Murphy and Ralph Kiner on WOR-TV.

1983 marked the last time that local telecasts of League Championship Series games were allowed. In 1982, Major League Baseball recognized a problem with this due to the emergence of cable superstations such as WTBS in Atlanta and WGN-TV in Chicago. When TBS tried to petition for the right to do a "local" Braves broadcast of the 1982 NLCS, Major League Baseball got a Philadelphia federal court to ban them on the grounds that as a cable superstation, TBS could not have a nationwide telecast competing with ABC's.

Since 2007, MLB playoff games on TBS are not made available to local over-the-air broadcasters in the participating teams' markets. Under the previous contract, ESPN was required to make those games available on the air in local markets.

See also
Historical NBA over-the-air television broadcasters
Historical NHL over-the-air television broadcasters

References

External links
MLB Over The Air Affiliates
BaseballChronology.com!
MLB LOCAL FLAGSHIPS AND ANNOUNCERS

ABC Sports
CBS Sports
Fox Sports original programming
Major League Baseball on NBC
Over-the-air television broadcasters
Over-the-air-television broadcasters
Over-the-air television broadcasters
Local sports television programming in the United States


The 1874 Philadelphia Athletics finished in third place in the National Association with a record of 33-22. Dick McBride pitched all of the team's innings and led the league with a 1.64 earned run average.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
1874 Philadelphia Athletics season at Baseball Reference

Philadelphia Athletics (1860–1876) seasons
Philadelphia Athletics
Philadelphia Athletics
19th century in Philadelphia


Baíña is one of 15 parishes (administrative divisions) in Mieres, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

References

Parishes in Mieres


The 1875 Athletic Baseball Club of Philadelphia finished in second place in the National Association with a record of 53-20. The team played one game in Dover, Delaware, during the season, and otherwise played its home games at Fairview Park Fair Grounds.

The National Association folded after this season, and the Athletics joined the new National League for the 1876 season.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References

External links
1875 Philadelphia Athletics season at Baseball Reference

Philadelphia Athletics (1860–1876) seasons
Philadelphia Athletics
Philadelphia Athletics
19th century in Philadelphia


Alexandre Étienne Choron (1837 in Caen, Calvados – 1924) was a French chef.

As chef de cuisine of the celebrated restaurant Voisin on the rue Saint Honoré, Choron is best known for his invention of Choron sauce, a sauce béarnaise enriched with tomato concentrate before reduction.

Choron is also remembered for his dishes served during the Siege of Paris by the Prussians, which began on 19 September 1870.  During the siege, Parisians were reduced to eating cats, dogs, and rats. The bourgeois were not content to eat such low animals, and demand at the de luxe restaurants remained high. As food reserves dwindled, these restaurants, including Voisin, improvised.  Choron eyed the animals kept at the local zoo, and served exotic animal dishes at Voisin.  For the midnight Christmas meal of 1870, Choron proposed a menu principally composed of the best parts of the animals kept in the Jardin d'acclimatation (one of Paris' zoos) – stuffed head of donkey, elephant consommé, roasted camel, kangaroo stew, bear shanks roasted in pepper sauce, wolf in deer sauce, cat with rat, and antelope in truffle sauce – has become legendary.  The menu's wines were Mouton-Rothschild 1846, Romanée-Conti 1858 and Château Palmer 1864.

Choron also garnered fame for his dishes containing elephant: Trompe d'éléphant in sauce chasseur and Éléphant bourguignon.  After the elephant at the Jardin d'acclimatation graced the Christmas table, the two elephants (Castor and Pollux) at the Paris' jardin zoologique were consumed on 31 December 1870 at Voisin. In early January, it was the elephant at the Jardin des Plantes (Paris' botanical garden) which was sent to the abattoir.  It was bought by Choron for his restaurant at the price of 15 francs per pound. By 13 January, Voisin was out of elephant meat and substituted horse. The siege was lifted two weeks later.

References

1837 births
1924 deaths
Businesspeople from Caen
French chefs


Robab Farahi-Mahdavieh () is a member of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) who was arrested by Canada in 1992, and in 1993 she was deported from Canada back to the United Kingdom on the grounds of national security. She was arrested under one of only 28 security certificates ever issued in Canada.

Activities

Canada
Believed to be the leader of the MEK's North American operations, Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) identified her as their "chief fundraiser and recruiter" in Canada and a "leading female member". She was alleged to have organized the flash mob that attacked the Embassy of Iran in Ottawa, following Iranian airstrikes against MEK camps. 19 MEK members were pleaded guilty to various charges for the attacks that injured the Iranian ambassador and two other employees.

Her lawyer, Phil Rankin, told the press that "It’s a gross exaggeration to call this woman a terrorist. All she did was mastermind a demonstration that got out of hand". Pierre Denault, designated judge at the Federal Court of Canada ruled that Farahi-Mahdavieh's testimony lacked credibility and "It is enough that Mahdavieh admitted to being an active member of the MEK, and there is little doubt the group was involved in this specific attack". She was deported on 26 March 1993. Mahnaz Samadi, who filled her role leading the civilian wing of the MEK, was later deported from Canada in 2000 for acts of terrorism.

The case is notable among security certificate cases in Canada for how "civil or criminal rules of evidence are not applicable", and the judge decided to consider any evidence deemed reliable.

United States
She continued to act as a member of the MEK network in the United States. After the MEK has listed a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) in 1997, she funneled money to American politicians. One of the first MEK contributions to Robert Torricelli came from her bank account in 1993, made out a $1,000 check to the Torricelli campaign. She listed her occupation as "Physician."

References

External links
 Farahi-Mahdavieh, Re (1993), 63 F.T.R. 120 (TD)

People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran members
Living people
People imprisoned on charges of terrorism
Prisoners and detainees of Canada
Iranian refugees
Refugees in the United Kingdom
People deported from Canada
Year of birth missing (living people)


An oxo-Diels–Alder reaction (also called an oxa-Diels–Alder reaction) is an organic reaction and a variation of the Diels–Alder reaction in which a suitable diene reacts with an aldehyde to form a dihydropyran ring. This reaction is of some importance to synthetic organic chemistry.

The oxo-DA reaction was first reported in 1949 using a methylpentadiene and formaldehyde as reactants.

Asymmetric oxo-DA reactions (including catalytic reactions) are well known. Many strategies rely on coordinating a chiral Lewis acid to the carbonyl group.

See also
 Aza Diels–Alder reaction
 Imine Diels–Alder reaction

References

Cycloadditions
Oxygen heterocycle forming reactions
Name reactions


Mahnaz Samadi () is a member of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK).

Activities

Iran and Iraq
Samadi joined the MEK in 1980 and was an active fighter for them during the 1980s. In 1982, she was accused of leading a terrorist attack against the Iranian government on behalf of the organization. Warren Creates, her lawyer in a 2000 case said she had been penalized for "bombings that were against legitimate targets". Samadi was imprisoned in Evin Prison for four years, and was released in 1986, before escaping from Iran. She became a commander of the military wing of the MEK based in Iraq, called the "National Liberation Army of Iran", and responsible for training female fighters at Camp Ashraf. According to Mahan Abedin, she was also a chief liaison officer with the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS) of Saddam Hussein.

The United States and Canada
In 1993, she replaced Robab Farahi-Mahdavieh as the leader of North American operations of the MEK's civilian front. Samadi came to the United States in 1994, and was granted refugee status in 1996. She did not disclose her MEK ties to the authorities at the time she applied for it. According to Lorraine Adams of The Washington Times, she freely admitted her opposition to the Iranian government (which was already the basis for her seeking asylum) but when the application asked about membership in "any organizations or groups in your home country", she believed that the MEK's armed wing did not qualify as such because it was based in Iraq, hesitating to mention it. She lived as a permanent residence in California, and continued her activity with the organization. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) believes she was MEK's cell leader in Los Angeles for a short time, succeeding Golnaz Javaherisaatchi.

Samadi entered Canada illegally in November 1999 through a border crossing in Vancouver, and reportedly held secret meetings with several members of the MEK in Vancouver, Montreal and Ottawa. A report by Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) stated that she "was responsible for directing some MEK operations in Iraq" and that she was sent to Canada "to act in an organizational capacity", leading to her arrest in December 1999, in an apartment across the street from the new Embassy of the United States, Ottawa. The Ottawa Citizen carried a prominent front-page headline, "Secret arrest of a Saddam ally", with her illustration on 1 February 2000. The case quickly became a cause celebre for the MEK.

In order to be released of the costudy, she lied under oath to the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB) about her membership in the MEK, denying being involved its military wing, and claimed to be in Canada "to see a sick aunt and visit friends" while admitting that she entered Canada illegally. The CSIS had provided the authorities with a picture of Samadi as a commander, published in a NLAI magazine. IRB adjudicator Rolland Ladouceur, found her testimony "neither credible nor trustworthy", and said "considering the evidence that Ms. Samadi [has] been a commander of the National Liberation Army, and considering that there are reasonable grounds to believe that this organization did engage in terrorist acts".

On 3 April 2000, Samadi was deported back to the United States. and was immediately arrested by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) at the border. She was in custody at jails in Buffalo and Syracuse in New York, before being transferred to South Fulton, Georgia, and eventually to Etowah County, Alabama. According to court documents obtained by Newsweek, Samadi was charged with failing to disclose her "terrorist" past. There she applied for political asylum in July 2000, after her refugee status was revoked. Samadi was in danger of deportation to Iran, but several senior officials became involved to prevent the process.

John Ashcroft, serving in his then-capacity as Senator from Missouri, wrote a May 10 plea for lenience in her hearing to Attorney General Janet Reno, arguing that Samadi was a "highly regarded human-rights activist". Ashcroft also issued a joint statement with the MEK at a rally outside the UN building. Later, sixty-two members of the Congress demanded her release in June 2000. "[P]ressure from sympathetic members of Congress helped win her release", according to Aaron Sands of The Ottawa Citizen.

Departure from North America
According to a 2004 report by the FBI, Samadi was last seen in Washington D.C. in 2000, and unconfirmed reports allege that she was seen in Auvers-sur-Oise, France in 2001 and 2002. Mahan Abedin claimed in 2003 that she was in Camp Ashraf, Iraq.

References

People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran members
Living people
1965 births
People imprisoned on charges of terrorism
Prisoners and detainees of Iran
Prisoners and detainees of Canada
Iranian refugees
Refugees in the United States
People deported from Canada


Hatfield Rural District  was a rural district in Hertfordshire, England, from 1894 to 1974, covering an area in the south of the county.

Evolution
The district had its origins in the Hatfield Rural Sanitary District. This had been created under the Public Health Acts of 1872 and 1875, giving public health and local government responsibilities for rural areas to the existing boards of guardians of poor law unions. The Hatfield Rural Sanitary District covered the same area as the Hatfield Poor Law Union. Under the Local Government Act 1894, rural sanitary districts became rural districts from 28 December 1894. The link with the poor law union continued, with all the elected councillors of the rural district council being ex officio members of the Hatfield Board of Guardians. As there were no urban districts within the Hatfield Poor Law Union, the Hatfield Rural District Council and the Hatfield Board of Guardians were the same group of people.

The council was granted a coat of arms on 11 May 1945.

Parishes
Hatfield Rural District contained the following civil parishes.

Premises
In the early years, the Hatfield Rural District Council met at the board room in the Hatfield Union Workhouse, which stood on Wellfield Road (then called Union Lane). In 1930 the council moved to purpose-built offices at 16 St Albans Road in Hatfield, designed by Percival Blow.

Abolition
Hatfield Rural District was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, merging with Welwyn Rural District and the urban district of Welwyn Garden City to form the new district of Welwyn Hatfield. The council's former offices at 16 St Albans Road continued to be used by the new council for some years, before being converted to flats and renamed Tudor House around 2011.

References

Rural districts of England
Districts of England created by the Local Government Act 1894
Districts of England abolished by the Local Government Act 1972
Local government in Hertfordshire