Grand Caravan to the Rim of the World is the second studio album by American hip hop group 3 Melancholy Gypsys. It was released on Legendary Music in 2005.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.

 Eligh – vocals, production (1–4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13–16, 18)
 Murs – vocals, production (5, 11, 12)
 Scarub – vocals, production (8)
 Ringmaster Roc – vocals (11)
 Belief – production (12)
 Jo Wilkinson – vocals (15)
 Magi – production (17)
 Mystic – vocals (18)

References

External links

2000 albums
Murs (rapper) albums
Eligh albums


Theriophonum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is found only in India and Sri Lanka. The genus is closely related to Typhonium. The only apparent difference between the two is in how many ovules each have and the overall size of the plants. Typhoniums are bigger than Theriophonum.

Species
Theriophonum dalzellii Schott - western India
Theriophonum danielii Rajakumar, Selvak., S.Murug. & Chellap - southern India
Theriophonum fischeri Sivad. - Kerala, Tamil Nadu
Theriophonum infaustum N.E.Br. - Kerala
Theriophonum manickamii Murugan & K.Natarajan - Tamil Nadu
Theriophonum minutum (Willd.) Baill. - central and southern India, Sri Lanka. Also known as Theriophonum crenatum
Theriophonum sivaganganum (Ramam. & Sebastine) Bogner - Tamil Nadu

References

Aroideae
Araceae genera
Flora of the Indian subcontinent


Haplogroup R0 (formerly known as haplogroup pre-HV) is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Origin
Haplogroup R0 derives from the macro-haplogroup R. It is an ancestral clade to the R0a subclade and haplogroup HV, and is therefore antecedent to the haplogroups H and V.

R0's greater subclade variety in the Arabian Peninsula suggests that the clade originated in and spread from there.

R0a is believed to have evolved in Ice Age oases in South Arabia around 22,000 years ago. The subclade would then have spread from there with the onset of the Late Glacial period circa 15,000 ybp.

Distribution
Haplogroup R0 has been found in around 55% of osteological remains belonging to the Eneolithic Trypillia culture.

The R0 clade has also been found among Iberomaurusian specimens at the Taforalt and Afalou prehistoric sites, which date from the Epipaleolithic. Among the Taforalt individuals, around 17% of the observed haplotypes belonged to various R0 subclades, including R0a1a (3/24; 13%) and R0a2c (1/24; 4%). Among the Afalou individuals, one R0a1a haplotype was detected (1/9; 11%).

R0 has likewise been observed among mummies excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from the Pre-Ptolemaic/late New Kingdom, Ptolemaic, and Roman periods.

The 3rd century AD Catholic Church Saint, Fortunato of Serracapriola, was also found to carry the R0a'b subclade.

R0 today occurs commonly in the Arabian peninsula, with its highest frequency observed nearby among the Soqotri (40.7%). The Soqotri also have the greatest R0 subclade diversity. The clade is likewise found at high frequencies among the Kalash in South Asia (23%). Additionally, moderate frequencies of R0 occur in Northeast Africa, Anatolia, the Iranian Plateau and Dalmatia. The haplogroup has been observed among Chad Arabs (19%), Sudanese Copts (13.8%), Tigrais (13.6%), Somalis (13.3%), Oromos (13.3%), Afar (12.5%), Amhara (11.5%), Gurage (10%), Reguibate Sahrawi (9.26%; 0.93% R0a and 8.33% R0a1a), Gaalien (9%), Beja (8.3%), Nubians (8%), Arakien (5.9%), Yemenis (5.1–27.7%), Iraqis (4.8%), Druze (4.3%), Palestinians (4%), Algerians (1.67%), and Saudis (0–25%).

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup R0 subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research.

R
R0 (or pre-HV)
R0a'b – Albania
R0a (or (pre-HV)1)
R0a1 or (pre-HV)1a
R0a1a – Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Lebanon, Italy
R0a1a1 – Yemen, Tunisia
R0a1a1a – Yemen (Socotra)
R0a1a2 – Ethiopia
R0a1a3
R0a1a4 – Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Iraq
R0a1-T152C! – Morocco, Spain
R0a1b – Arabia
R0a-60.1T – Italy, Armenians of Turkey, Kalash of Pakistan
R0a2'3 – Iran, Lebanon
R0a2 or (pre-HV)1b
R0a2a – Portugal, Spain, Italy
R0a2a1 – Italy, Algeria
R0a2b – Ethiopia
R0a2c – Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Yemenite Jews
R0a2d
R0a2e
R0a2f – Arabs from Chad, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia
R0a2f1
R0a2f1a – Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
R0a2f1b – Yemen, United Arab Emirates
R0a2g
R0a2g1
R0a2g1a
R0a2g1a1 – Saho of Eritrea, Amhara of Ethiopia
R0a2h – United Arab Emirates
R0a2h1 – Afar of Eritrea
R0a2i – Yemen
R0a2-T195C! – Saudi Arabia
R0a2j – Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates
R0a2k – Sardinia
R0a2k1 – Saudi Arabia, Yemen
R0a2l – Yemen
R0a2m – Ashkenazi Jews, Xueta of Spain, Gitanos of Spain, Mexico, Ecuador Morocco
R0a2n – Druze of Lebanon, Assyrians, Italy, Balti of Pakistan
R0a2q – Oromo of Kenya, Saho of Eritrea
R0a2r – Southern Europe (Romania, Bulgaria), Druze
R0a3 – Yemen, Persians
R0a3a – Lebanon, Yemen
R0a4 – Spain, Portugal, Ashkenazi Jews, Iraq
R0b – Italy, Azerbaijan
HV
HV0
HV0a
V
H

See also

Genealogical DNA test
Genetic genealogy
Human mitochondrial genetics
Population genetics

References

External links
Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
Mannis van Oven's PhyloTree
Haplogroup R0
Spread of Haplogroup pre-HV, from National Geographic

R0
South Arabia


Lej Nair may refer to:

Lej Nair (Bernina), a lake in the Grisons, Switzerland
Lej Nair (Silvaplana), a lake in the Grisons, Switzerland

See also

Lai Nair, Tarasp
Lai Neir (Alp Flix), Sur
Black Lake (disambiguation)


Out of Control is an American sketch comedy television series created by Bob Hughes for Nickelodeon. Hosted by Dave Coulier, it centers on the production of a fictional news program. Coulier's character is the coordinator of the news show who vainly tries to get his eccentric crew members to work together. It features sketches with recurring themes by the Duck's Breath Mystery Theatre and interspersed animation by Spectre Productions.

The series' title refers to the control room of a news show; during production, it was named The Out of Control Room. The concept for the series originated from former Nickelodeon president Cy Schneider, who wanted a children's show that parodied the news magazine format. The series ran for a single season of 26 episodes from 1984 to 1985, with reruns continuing (with breaks) until 1993.

The series started the television career of several actors, including Coulier and David Stenstrom, who played the in-house inventor Waldo. While working on the series, Coulier originated many traits that he went on to use for the character Joey Gladstone on Full House, including his signature catchphrase "Cut-it-out!"

Premise
The series focuses on the production of a news program called Out of Control, which is a show-within-a-show. It is hosted by Dave (Dave Coulier), who is level-headed and tries his best to keep the show from getting "out of control." Dave's fellow crew members are archetypal characters, such as the shrill, plastic-fantastic party-girl stage manager Diz Aster (Diz McNally), the clueless reporter Angela "Scoop" Quickly (Jill Wakewood), the caustic newshawk Hern Burford (Marty Schiff), Professor Gravity (who was later re-used in the radio sketch Ask Dr. Science), and Waldo, the bespectacled mad inventor (David Stenstrom) and crew member. The characters refer to a box-like computer called the HA-HA 3200 as the sketch and joke writer for the show.

Guest stars included Bill Bixby (from The Incredible Hulk, and Against the Odds), Mouth Sounds author and Livewire host Fred Newman (who had a sound effects contest with Dave), comedian Bruce Baum (playing a fraud who collected clothing of celebrities), Joel Hodgson (playing an inept magician), and Dennis Miller (a man trying to survive in the desert). Also, Patrick "The Stick" Varnell, best known for the slasher comedy film Student Bodies, made a cameo appearance in the show's first episode; it was his only TV appearance.

Regular sketches
 Let's Eat – a food segment where Dave goes out to restaurants across the country for what he hears to be "The World's Best". If it matches the claim, Dave presents the "Let's Eat Trophy" (a gold cup with novelty chattering teeth) to the owner or chef of the restaurant.
 It's Probably True! – A news-like segment with real or fictional facts outlined.
 How Not To Do Things – A do-it-yourself segment featuring inept participants with corresponding disastrous results. Some of these how to's include kissing, treehouse, go carts, etc.
 It's Alive! – A segment that deals with animals and nature.
 Are We There Yet? – A segment that displays real or fictional locations.
 Profiles – A person (such as a stuntwoman, a hobo, a street mime, a bodybuilder or even a fountain fairy) is interviewed and showcases their profession.
 Adult Education – A segment "where kids are the teachers and adults are there to learn". A young girl teaches a group of adults various topics that kids know.
 Fast-Told Fairy Tales – A story segment where Diz gives her spin on classic fairy tales while being timed.
 Hurry Up! – A segment where Dave answers a letter and uses a device called the "Hurry-Up Machine" to fast forward through a boring activity.

Production
The general concept for the series originated from Cy Schneider, the president of Nickelodeon at the time of its production. He wanted "a news magazine show for kids that parodied what magazine shows were," and Bob Hughes developed a program using this idea as the basis.

Hughes originally considered Bob Saget, a friend of Coulier who co-starred with him as Danny Tanner on Full House, for the role of the host. Other potentials included comedians Thomas F. Wilson and Joel Hodgson. After Saget interviewed for the part, Hughes was not entirely satisfied, leading Saget to recommend Coulier. Although Saget did not remain a part of Out of Control, a short film that he created while at New York University became the inspiration for the "Hurry Up!" segments.

From 1984 to 1985, the series was shown twice every weekday: once at 9:00 AM, and again at 6:00 PM.

Episodes

Sources:

References

External links

Out of Control @ Retrojunk

1980s American children's comedy television series
1980s American sketch comedy television series
1984 American television series debuts
1985 American television series endings
1980s Nickelodeon original programming
Children's sketch comedy
English-language television shows


Typhonodorum is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. The single species making up this genus is Typhonodorum lindleyanum. The genus is native  to Madagascar, the Comores, Zanzibar, Réunion and Mauritius. This genus is believed to be closely related to Peltandra even though Peltandra is only found in North America and there don't appear to exist closely related genera in the African mainland. There isn't fossil evidence to link the two genera so it has been proposed that there once was a genus in Africa from which the two genera had originated. The African mainland genus spread to North America and to Madagascar 50 million years ago before it broke off. Then the African genus became extinct and the North American and Madagascan genera remained.

References

Aroideae
Monotypic Araceae genera
Flora of the Comoros
Flora of Madagascar
Flora of Mauritius
Flora of Tanzania
Flora of the Zanzibar Archipelago
Flora of Réunion


Lloydminster is a former provincial electoral district  for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. This constituency was created before the 2nd Saskatchewan general election in 1908. Abolished in 1934, the riding was incorporated into the district of Cut Knife.

This constituency was reconstituted for the 23rd Saskatchewan general election in 1995.

Members of the Legislative Assembly

Election results

|-

|Provincial Rights
|Henry Robert Miles
|align="right"|644
|align="right"|48.64%
|align="right"|–
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="left" colspan=3|Total
!align="right"|1,324
!align="right"|100.00%
!align="right"|

|-

|Conservative
|Oscar H. Price
|align="right"|517
|align="right"|33.90%
|align="right"|-14.74

|Independent
|Ambrose H. Longton
|align="right"|402
|align="right"|26.36%
|align="right"|–
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="left" colspan=3|Total
!align="right"|1,525
!align="right"|100.00%
!align="right"|

|-

|Conservative
|James A. Hill
|align="right"|845
|align="right"|40.20%
|align="right"|+6.30
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="left" colspan=3|Total
!align="right"|2,102
!align="right"|100.00%
!align="right"|

|-

|- bgcolor="white"
!align="left" colspan=3|Total
!align="right"|Acclamation
!align="right"|

|-

|- bgcolor="white"
!align="left" colspan=3|Total
!align="right"|1,716
!align="right"|100.00%
!align="right"|

|-

|Conservative
|James Hetherington
|align="right"|949
|align="right"|27.41%
|align="right"|-
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="left" colspan=3|Total
!align="right"|3,462
!align="right"|100.00%
!align="right"|

See also
Electoral district (Canada)
List of Saskatchewan provincial electoral districts
List of Saskatchewan general elections
List of political parties in Saskatchewan

References
 Saskatchewan Archives Board – Saskatchewan Election Results By Electoral Division

Former provincial electoral districts of Saskatchewan


Ronivaldo ("Roni") Santos Conceição (born July 8, 1972 in São Paulo) is a professional male squash player who represented Brazil during his career. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 95 in October 2006 after having joined the Professional Squash Association in 2001.

External links
 Ronivaldo Conceição at UOL Esporte - Pan 2007

1972 births
Living people
Brazilian male squash players
Pan American Games silver medalists for Brazil
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Brazil
Pan American Games medalists in squash
Squash players at the 1999 Pan American Games
Squash players at the 2003 Pan American Games
Squash players at the 2007 Pan American Games
South American Games silver medalists for Brazil
South American Games bronze medalists for Brazil
South American Games medalists in squash
Sportspeople from São Paulo
Competitors at the 2010 South American Games
Medalists at the 1999 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
20th-century Brazilian people
21st-century Brazilian people


Elk Lakes may refer to:
Elk Lakes (British Columbia), Canada
Elk Lakes Provincial Park, the provincial park surrounding the lakes
Elk Lakes cabin, an alpine hut near the lakes.

See also
Elk Lake (disambiguation)


The Attacker class (also referred to as the Tracker class) is a class of patrol boats. Formerly operated by the Royal Navy and HM Customs, seven of the class are currently operated by the Lebanese Navy and two by Lebanese Customs.

Design and construction
The Attacker class was constructed by Fairey Allday (Fairey Marine Ltd), on the River Hamble in Hampshire, England. HMS Attacker was built in Cowes, on the Isle of Wight, while the rest of the class were built in Southampton.

The ships have glass-reinforced plastic hulls. The vessels were allocated to various RNR Divisions. HMS Striker being based in Liverpool as a tender to HMS Eaglet. Eventually the vessels were re allocated to the URNUs.

Operational history
HMS Attacker, Hunter and Striker formed the Cyprus Squadron and were used for patrol and harbour protection. HMS Attacker was the training ship for the University Royal Naval Unit serving Glasgow and Strathclyde Universities, while HMS Chaser performed this role at the Aberdeen URNU and HMS Fencer performed the same role for Southampton University. Patrol ships carried three general purpose machine guns, while the training ships were unarmed.

The Attacker class was decommissioned from the Royal Navy during 1991 and 1992. All five ships were sold to the Lebanese Navy in July 1992. Two Attackers formerly operated by the British Customs Service were also sold to Lebanon in March 1994.

List of ships

  - Transferred to the Lebanese Navy and renamed Trablous in 1992.
  - Transferred to the Lebanese Navy and renamed Jbeil in 1992.
  - Transferred to the Lebanese Navy and renamed Jounieh in 1992.
  - Transferred to the Lebanese Navy and renamed Arz in 1992.
  - Transferred to the Lebanese Navy and renamed Saida in 1992.
 Safeguard (Customs) - Transferred to the Lebanese Navy and renamed Batroun in 1994.
 Swift (Customs) - Transferred to the Lebanese Navy and renamed Sarafand in 1994.
 Libnan II (Lebanese Customs)
 Arz II (Lebanese Customs)

References

Military equipment of Lebanon
Patrol boat classes
Patrol vessels of the Royal Navy
Ship classes of the Royal Navy


Anchuthengu ("Five Coconut Palms"), formerly known as Anjengo, Angengo or Anjenga, is a coastal panchayath and town in the Thiruvananthapuram District of Kerala. It is situated 9km south-west of Varkala Town along Trivandrum - Varkala - Kollam coastal highway.

The town contains old Portuguese-style churches, a lighthouse, a 100-year-old convent and school, tombs of Dutch and British sailors and soldiers, and the remains of the Anchuthengu Fort. Kaikara village, the birthplace of the famous Malayalam poet Kumaran Asan, is located nearby. Temples in the area are Parambil Sree Bhadrakali Yogeeshwara Kshethram and Sree Bala Subrahmanya Swami Kshethram.

Anchuthengu is about  north of Thiruvananthapuram. The nearest airport is Trivandrum International Airport. Kadakkavur Railway Station is  away.

History
Anjengo is located in an oxbow at the mouth of Parvathy Puthanaar canal. Originally, it was an old Dutch settlement between Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram, and near Varkala.

In 1694, the Queen of Attingal granted the British East India Company (EIC) the right to establish a factory and a fort at Anjengo, which became the Company's first trade settlement in Kerala. The Anjengo Fort was erected in 1694-8. Because of its location, it was an occasional port of call for East Indiamen. There they might leave or get news warning shipping of war in India or Europe.

In 1728 Anjengo was the birthplace of Robert Orme (1728-1801), historiographer of the East India Company, and in 1744 of Eliza Draper who would become a muse and correspondent of Laurence Sterne. The fort played an important role in the Anglo-Mysore Wars of the 18th century but, by the 19th century, the fort was considered an unnecessary expense. The EIC abandoned it, and the factory, in 1813.

In the 19th century, the town remained known for its excellent ropes (manufactured from the local palms) and also exported pepper, homespun cotton cloth, and drugs. Anchuthengu was a part of Malabar District during British Raj.

See also
Poothura

References

Sources
 .

External links

Kingdom of Travancore
Beaches of Kerala
Populated coastal places in India
Villages in Thiruvananthapuram district
Archaeological sites in Kerala


The taralila is a type of hexagonal concertina played in Malagasy music.

Malagasy musical instruments
Free reed aerophones


The marovany (formerly spelled marouvane) is a suitcase shaped, wooden, type of box zither from Madagascar, used in Malagasy music. It is strung on both sides with metal strings. The player plucks the strings with both hands, often with rapid alternation. This often creates complex rhythmic patterns, typical of Malagasy music.  It is tuned in sequences of thirds. The instrument is commonly used in rituals and spiritual gatherings.

Cultural significance
The marovany and other instruments are used by Madagascar musical troupes at reburial ceremonies, where the music is believed to help a medium better enter a trance state during rituals which will only be successful if the correct type of music is being played.

See also
Music of Madagascar
Valiha

References

External links
 Guitar Masters of Madagascar by Danny Carnahan

Box zithers
Malagasy musical instruments
Tube zithers


Ulearum sagittatum is a species in the family Araceae. It is endemic to western Brazil and Peru, where it grows on the forest floor from small rhizomes. Its binomial name refers to the sagittate, meaning arrowhead-shaped, form of its leaves.

References

External links
 Description and photos, from the International Aroid Society

Aroideae
Plants described in 1905
Taxa named by Adolf Engler


Lapitch the Little Shoemaker () is an animated television series from Croatia Film and EM.TV/HaffaDiebold, with animation by Neptuno Films of Barcelona, Spain. It is a spin-off from the 1997 film of the same name.

Returning from the film are the title character, Lapitch the mouse, and his girlfriend Lisa, along with their pets Brewster and Pico. For the series, a character called Melchior replaces Master Scowler's role.

The show was formerly aired on Tiny Pop in the United Kingdom.

Episodes

Voices
Teresa Gallagher - Lapitch, Percival Periwinkle III (English version)
Nigel Greaves - (English version)
Liza Ross - Yanna, Brunhilda, Queen Rat, Auntie (English version)
Peter Marinker - Dirty Rat (English version)
Toni Barry - (English version)
George Roubicek - (English version)
Sean Barrett - Melchoir (English version)
Colin Bruce - (English version)

References

External links

2000s Croatian television series
2000s German animated television series
2001 Croatian television series debuts
2002 Croatian television series endings
2001 German television series debuts
2002 German television series endings
Australian Broadcasting Corporation original programming
Croatian animated television series
Croatian comedy television series
Croatian children's television series
German children's animated comedy television series
German children's animated fantasy television series
Animated television series about mice and rats
ProSieben original programming


Otto Steinhäusl (10 March 1879 – 20 June 1940) was an Austrian-born SS-Oberführer, Polizeipräsident (police president) of Vienna, and President of Interpol (1938–1940).

Early career
Steinhäusl served as Vienna's head of police and Polizeipräsident starting in the early 1930s. It is also believed to be the time which he joined the underground Austrian SS. Otto Strasser alleged that Steinhäusl was a secret Gestapo agent, and that in July 1933 there was an operation orchestrated by Steinhäusl to either kidnap Strasser, and smuggle him across the German frontier, or imprison him. However, the attempt met with failure.

In the aftermath of the assassination of Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss on 25 July 1934, Steinhäusl was found to be one of the conspirators and arrested. In December 1935, he was sentenced to 7 years in prison by a military court for high treason. Steinhäusl was released from prison in July 1936, due to the Juliabkommen.

Anschluss and reinstatement
On the morning of 12 March 1938, the 8th Army of the German Wehrmacht crossed the German-Austrian border. They did not face resistance by the Austrian Army—on the contrary, the German troops were greeted by cheering Austrians with Hitler salutes, Nazi flags and flowers. Due to this, the Nazi invasion is also called the Blumenkrieg (war of flowers). By noon on the same day, Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler removed the current President of Interpol, Dr. Michael Skubl, who would later be replaced by Steinhäusl, who had just been released from prison. Steinhäusl was reinstated as Polizeipräsident of Vienna, and promoted to SS-Standartenführer on the day of the Anschluss.

Polizeipräsident of Vienna and President of Interpol
As Polizeipräsident of Vienna, Steinhäusl conspired with two higher leaders of the Austrian SS, Fridolin Glass and Josef Fitzthum, to retain the existing force structure of the Austrian police. Hoping to preempt a massive reorganization that might place their own careers in jeopardy, they persuaded the chief of Ordnungspolizei, Kurt Daluege, to refrain from a purge, claiming that most of the detectives, policemen, and even neighborhood patrolmen had been illegal Nazi activists before the Anschluss. Daluege was sceptical but agreed to wait until evidence could be organized and scrutinized. The response was the concoction of fraudulent documents that included backdated membership cards, forged dossiers, fabricated reports, and a host of other laundered or counterfeit items. By September 1938 nearly 1,000 policemen were officially confirmed to have been activists, of whom 700 were also admitted into the SS.

As sociologist Mathieu Deflem writes, "Steinhäusl became the new International Criminal Police Commission President in April 1938. Not only was Steinhäusl’s loyalty to Germany secure, German leaders also reckoned he would be but an interim figure, as he was known to suffer from tuberculosis. The first meeting under Steinhäusl’s Presidency, in Bucharest in 1938, produced only one unanimous decision: that the next meeting was to be held in Berlin. A preliminary program for the Berlin meeting was drafted, a copy has survived in the FBI files on Interpol, but, as noted, the meeting was canceled."

Death and aftermath
Steinhäusl, a long-time sufferer of tuberculosis, died on 20 June 1940 in Vienna. He was 61 years old.

Secretary General of Interpol, Oskar Dressler sent a report to all ICPC members which specified that he and other police, including Nazi officials Arthur Nebe and others, had decided “to request the Chief of the German Security Police” to accept the Presidency of the ICPC. Reportedly, twenty-seven police officials representing 15 states consented to the suggestion. Because this was less than two-thirds of the total ICPC membership, the countries that could not be addressed were not counted and those that had abstained were considered as not voting against the motion, so that, the Nazi controlled ICPC leadership reasoned, the necessary majority was reached. In a circular letter of 24 August 1940, Reinhard Heydrich declared that he had been informed that his candidacy as ICPC President had "passed unanimously." Heydrich continued that he would "lead the Commission into a new and successful future" and that the ICPC headquarters would “from now on be located in Berlin”.

Summary of SS career

Dates of rank
 SS#292773
 SS-Standartenführer: 12 March 1938
 SS-Oberführer: 25 July 1938

Notable decorations
 Anschluss Medal (1938)

See also
 Interpol

References

1879 births
1940 deaths
Austrian Nazi lawyers
Austrian prisoners and detainees
Austrian police officers convicted of crimes
Collaborators who participated in the July Putsch
Interpol officials
SS and Police Leaders
SS-Oberführer
People from České Budějovice
German Bohemian people
Tuberculosis deaths in Nazi Germany
Nazis convicted of crimes
People convicted of treason against Austria
Police officers convicted of treason
Civilians who were court-martialed


Valle Verde Early College High School is a high school located in El Paso, Texas. Students graduate from high school with both a high school diploma and an associate degree from El Paso Community College. As an early college high school, VVECHS is a school that boasts students of a high academic rigor, who are chosen to be best suited for the task of taking high school and college courses in tandem.

History
Valle Verde Early College High School opened on August 27, 2007. 125 students were accepted the first year with five teachers on staff. The students successfully finished the year with a 100% passing average on the reading TAKS, something no other high school in the Ysleta Independent School District has ever achieved. On August 25, 2008 a new class of 108 students was introduced, making the estimated number of students 233, since some students were not allowed to return the following year due to not being able to keep up with the intense teaching environment. The second class also achieved a 100% passing average on the reading TAKS. As of August 23, 2010 there are four classes (9th Grade, 10th Grade, etc.) with a total of 383 students currently attending VVECHS, typical of a North American secondary school.

Campus
The school is located on El Paso Community College's Valle Verde campus, just south of Interstate 10 at Hawkins and North Loop. Classes are currently held in portable classrooms, there are currently no plans to construct a purpose-built structure on the school campus.

Curriculum
Students take high school and college courses concurrently. Students may choose to pursue an Associate of Arts Degree, Associate of Science Degree or Associate of Arts in Teaching Degree.

Intramural activities
Texas Early College High Schools do not offer the traditional high school extracurricular activities, such as sports, and prefers to focus on a rigorous academic curriculum instead. Students are expected to participate in at least one of the numerous intramural activities offered. Student groups and activities at Valle Verde include  Academic Decathlon, Art Club, Book Club, Chaos Order Math Club, Class of 20XX, Class, Comedy Club, Drama Club, Glee Club, French Club, Environmental Club, FBLA, High Q, Liberal Arts Club, National Honor Society, Learning About Science and Engineering Research (science club), Lifetime Activities Club, National Science Bowl, Robotics Team, Social Studies, Spartan Literary Magazine, Spartan Webmasters, SHPE, Stra-Te-Go, Student Council, UIL Math, VVTV, and Yearbook.

References

External links

El Paso Community College - Early College High School

Educational institutions established in 2007
High schools in El Paso, Texas
Ysleta Independent School District high schools
Early College High Schools
2007 establishments in Texas


The lokanga bara (sometimes referred to by the generic term lokanga) is a three-stringed fiddle popular among the Southern Antandroy and Bara ethnic groups of Madagascar.

The related term lokanga bazaha ("foreign lokanga") is used to refer to the European violin.

References

Malagasy musical instruments
String instruments
Bowed instruments


Jay Griffiths (born in Manchester) is a British writer and author of Wild: An Elemental Journey, Pip Pip: A Sideways Look at Time, Anarchipelago, A Love Letter from a Stray Moon, Kith: The Riddle of the Childscape and Tristimania: A Diary of Manic Depression.

She won the Barnes & Noble Discover Award in 2002 for Pip Pip, the  Orion Book Award in 2007 for Wild, and the Hay Festival's International Fellowship for 2015–2016.

Biography
Jay Griffiths was born in Manchester, England, and now lives in Mid Wales. She studied English literature at Oxford University. Her work has appeared in the London Review of Books and she has contributed to programmes on BBC Radio 3, BBC Radio 4 and the World Service. Her columns have appeared in The Guardian, The Ecologist, Orion magazine and Aeon.

Griffiths said in a 2016 interview "The biggest single thing that inspires me is language." Her work is notable for its appeal to writers, attracting book-cover endorsements from John Berger, Philip Pullman, John Burnside, Robert Macfarlane, Bill McKibben, David Abram, Gary Snyder and Barry Lopez among others.

Griffiths has contributed to cultural events including the Adelaide Festival of Ideas, the More Than Us conference with David Abram and Scottish artists Dalziel + Scullion; the Royal Academy with artists Ackroyd & Harvey; the International Sacred Arts Festival in Delhi and has been a part of the popular Radiolab podcasts. She has also been a supporter of the Aluna project, for which she gave a talk in the Hayward Gallery in March 2007.

She was the Hay Festival International Fellow in 2016, has given talks at the Purcell Room and the National Portrait Gallery, London in conjunction with the Royal Society of Literature, and was part of the Free-Thinking Festival at the Sage Gateshead. She has appeared in conversation with John Berger at the British Library and her poetry is included in 'The Long White Thread of Words', an anthology for John Berger.  Her first short story was anthologised in Best British Short Stories 2014, she has contributed to Dark Mountain and Towards Re-Enchantment: Place and its Meanings and wrote on birdsong for the anthology Arboreal, published by Little Toller.

Works

Pip Pip: A Sideways Look at Time

Griffiths's first book was published by Flamingo in 1999. It explores time as a political subject, showing how indigenous cultures have diverse ways of considering time (past, present and future) but illustrating how one, single, European time is colonising all these varieties of time. It is a manifesto for cyclical time and for the times of nature, of carnival, of play: and argues that women's time is different from men's.

The book was a Book of the Year in The Independent and was described as "A wonderful, delightfully humorous polemic against everything that's wrong with the way we deal with time today". Iain Finlayson named it as his book of the year in The Times: "An irresistibly provocative and political analysis of time. Her wittily enthusiastic thesis is that time has too long been used as a tool to power: as a manifesto, it could cause a revolution." The New Scientist described it as "A whirl of a book. Any page will get you hooked" and The New Internationalist called it: “Splendid, extraordinarily wide-ranging, emphasizing the political import of the subject.  Impressive, absorbing and radical, provocative, impassioned, often outrageously witty.” Peter Reading wrote in The Times Literary Supplement: "A thoughtful, original and intuitive account of how we perceive time which offers many alternative chronological considerations... amusing and erudite, fascinating and spirited. Bravo!"

Wild: An Elemental Journey

Wild is Griffiths's second book. It was published by Tarcher in the United States in 2006 and by Hamish Hamilton in the UK in 2007.

The book describes an odyssey to wildernesses of earth, ice, water, air and fire, exploring the connection between human society and wild lands.  It is also a journey into wild mind, as Griffiths explores the words and meanings which shape our ideas and experience of our own wildness, the wildness of the human spirit. The book includes the description of drinking ayahuasca with shamans in the Amazon, as a treatment for depression, and discusses shamanism, nomadism and freedom. Various chapters describe journeys to the Arctic, to Australia and to the freedom fighters of West Papua.

Wild is quoted on KT Tunstall's album Tiger Suit and has been nominated by Tunstall as her favourite book.  The Strokes bassist Nikolai Fraiture reads from Wild during their documentary for their album Angles, and comments: "Jay Griffiths's works are original, inspiring and dare you to search beyond the accepted norm."

In April 2011, Radiohead guitarist Ed O'Brien posted a recommendation of Wild on the band's blog, stating that it is "an astonishing piece of writing " and that "it was exactly what I needed to read".

On publication in the UK, Wild was praised widely in major newspapers and described as ‘part travelogue, part call to arms and wholly original... A vital, unique and uncategorisable celebration of the spirit of life’. The Independent referred to it as 'remarkable' and 'stupendous' while The Guardian wrote: "Jay Griffiths is a five-star, card-carrying member of the hellfire club... a strange, utterly compelling book, Wild is easily the best, most rewarding travel book that I have read in the last decade." For The Sunday Times Anthony Sattin wrote "There is no getting away from the book's brilliance" and The Independent on Sunday referred to Wild "as a song of delight, and a cry of warning, poetic, erudite and insistent… a restless, unstintingly generous performance..." and The Times referred to "kaleidoscopic narrative", "exhilarating prose". Wild was successful in Australia where it received positive reviews in the Sydney Morning Herald, described by Bruce Elder as "The best book I read all year". During an interview about the experiences discussed in Wild, Griffiths said, "To my mind, at worst, the West operates a kind of 'intellectual apartheid' – the idea that our way of thinking is the only one. Really, there are more ways of living and thinking than we could ever imagine."

Anarchipelago

Griffiths' short novel Anarchipelago is set in the Newbury bypass protest camp in England in 1996. It was published by Wooden Books in 2007.

A Love Letter from a Stray Moon

A Love Letter from a Stray Moon was published by Text Publishing in Australia in 2011 and by Little Toller Books in the UK in 2014. It is a fictionalised portrait of the intense and prolific life of Frida Kahlo. Griffiths explores the artist's childhood polio, her devastating accident and her turbulent relationship with Diego Rivera, painting a vivid picture of passion, grief and transcendence. It is also a celebration of rebellion, from Kahlo's own politics to the Zapatistas, and a hymn to the revolutionary fire at the heart of art.

Jonathan Gibb in The Independent praised its 'driving, visionary, poetic prose" and the New Statesman called it "A poetic narrative that ripples with colour, acts of liberation and grief.' In Australia, where the book was first published, The Age called it "rich, honed and intense, a fierce, compelling homage," while The Sun-Herald called it "a multilayered work which creates a vivid sense of Kahlo's elliptical life" and Alice Nelson in The West Australian called it "A rapturous, crazy and gorgeous poem. It is a love song to life, to art and to the human spirit."

Kith: The Riddle of the Childscape

This book was published by Hamish Hamilton in 2013, and by Penguin in 2014. The US edition, published by Counterpoint, is titled A Country Called Childhood. Andrew Soloman in the New York Times described it as "Almost shockingly beautiful, a profoundly felt, deeply thought, fiercely argued examination of childhood... It is written in prose that is hardly prose, a poetry in paragraphs. Joanna Kavenna in Literary Review wrote "Kith is an extended paean to something that has been lost, and a bold protest against the forces that suppress and control.  It is passionate, wilful and supremely honest. ... Jay Griffiths is fervent, scintillating and uninhibited. You emerge feeling you have heard someone speaking about her experience of the world, telling you what she thinks and not censoring herself. 'Children want what is authentic,' writes Griffiths. 'They loathe fake characters, forced laughs, false smiles and forged emotions.' I think adults do too, and the merged masses of adults and children need more books like this.  While the review in The Guardian comments that Kith is at its centre "a lament for the English countryside and an expression of a very English Romanticism"; it describes the liking for Romanticism in the book as too easily descending into navel-gazing; objects to Griffiths' "reactionary ideology" to modern childhood; and argues that there is no real distinction between childscape and the domain of adults. The author Rebecca Loncraine, writing in The Independent, "didn't just read this book; I revelled in it." The reviewer finds the book's take on nature and the wild refreshing, and likes the energetic style which she agrees is a matter of taste; the book's structure is praised for being "carefully tangential", beautifully illustrating the ideas of freedom and unstructuredness that the book discusses. The reviewer finds the book "playful and polemical, emotional and imaginative. It's as vital as play itself."

Tristimania: A Diary of Manic Depression

Griffiths' 2016 book explores a year long episode of manic depression that she experienced. Stephanie Merritt in the Observer explains the title "For Griffiths, a profoundly poetic writer, her 'tristimania' (the 18th-century word she prefers to capture the precise combination of mania and melancholy in a mixed-state bipolar episode) is a condition steeped in metaphorical significance. 'Metaphor was becoming more true, if not more actual, than reality,' she writes. From this realm of symbolism she tries to convey both the terror and the seductive glitter of a manic episode. It was John Burnside's Book of the Year in the New Statesman, where he wrote: "Jay Griffiths is one of the most perceptive and lyrical writers working today; she also brings deep learning and immense moral courage to Tristimania: a Diary of Manic Depression (Hamish Hamilton), an elegant and inspiring study of a condition shared by many who feel obliged to conceal their pain. A triumph in every sense, this is a book that gives us all an uncompromised and hard-earned sense of hope. Also in the New Statesman Marina Benjamin wrote "Tristimania is an education in the history, mythology and poetics of madness, in all its wildness and glaring neon. Griffiths is a high-wire writer who performs the difficult trick of taking you into the depths of her madness while managing to remain a completely reliable guide. Griffiths's subtle point is that in madness we live inside metaphors that offer a parallel understanding of what is real that is no less valid than any other, only less tenable. Griffiths is an exciting and original thinker and her writing simply shimmers. This is self-exposure of a higher order." Horatio Clare in the Daily Telegraph wrote "Griffiths's ferocious, exploratory intellect makes her book shine...  Her verses recall Sylvia Plath's 'Ariel', the best book on madness I knew before I'd read 'Tristimania'... Griffiths finds a delicate mode - funny, honest, iridescent with scholarship... rare lucidity and honesty make 'Tristimania' a gripping book, and an important one."

Awards
Pip Pip: A Sideways Look at Time won the Barnes & Noble Discover Award in 2002 for the best new non-fiction writer in the USA. "Jay Griffiths has produced nothing short of an original opening of the human mind…  Her book is cleverness in the service of genius."  (Citation on winning the Barnes and Noble "Discover" award).

Wild won the inaugural Orion Book Award for 2007.

Jay Griffiths was awarded the Hay Festival's International Fellowship for 2015–2016, an annual award made to a Wales-based writer at a significant juncture in their career.

Notes

References

External links
Official website

Alumni of the University of Oxford
English artists
Writers from Manchester
Living people
English writers
Year of birth missing (living people)


Zomicarpa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is endemic to eastern Brazil.

Species
Zomicarpa pythonium (Mart.) Schott - eastern Brazil
Zomicarpa steigeriana Maxim. ex Schott - Bahia

References

Aroideae
Araceae genera
Endemic flora of Brazil


Quảng Trị Airport (Vietnamese language: Sân bay Quảng Trị) is a military/civil planned to be constructed in the province of Quảng Trị, Vietnam, around 560 km south of Hanoi.
The airport will be located in the commune of Gio Quang,  Gio Linh District, 7 km north of the provincial capital Đông Hà. The master plan was signed by the chairman of the Quảng Trị provincial people's committee. The investment cost is estimated VND 374.787 billion (equivalent to US$27 million). The airport is expected to be operational from 2015. The airport will cover 290 hectares, 93 km south of Quảng Bình Province's Đồng Hới Airport and 88 km north Phu Bai International Airport by road (National Route 1).

Notes

External links
Quang Tri to have deep-water port

Airports in Vietnam
Buildings and structures in Quảng Trị province
Proposed airports in Vietnam


Cyclohexanehexone, also known as hexaketocyclohexane and triquinoyl, is an organic compound with formula , the sixfold ketone of cyclohexane. It is an oxide of carbon (an oxocarbon), a hexamer of carbon monoxide.

The compound is expected to be highly unstable, even less stable than the cyclohexanehexathione analog, and as of 1999 had only been observed as an ionized fragment during mass spectrometry studies.

Related compounds
Cyclohexanehexone can be viewed as the neutral counterpart of the rhodizonate anion . The singly charged anion  has been detected in mass spectrometry experiments, formed by oligomerization of carbon monoxide through the formation of molybdenum carbonyls.

According to X-ray diffraction analysis, the reagent traded under the name "cyclohexanehexone octahydrate" or equivalent names is actually dodecahydroxycyclohexane dihydrate—the geminal diol derivative of the six ketone groups with an additional two molecules of water—a solid that decomposes at 95 °C.

In 1966, Howard E. Worne of Natick Chemical Industries patented compounds with formulas  and , which can be described as the fusion of two or three molecules of , claimed to be produced by the action of ultraviolet radiation on a hot water solution of the parent compound.

Triquinoyl therapy
In the late 1940s, William J. Hale claimed that "triquinoyl", being a trimer of William Frederick Koch's glyoxylide, should be just as effective as the latter against "diabetes, arthritis, poliomyelitis, and even cancer". Even though there is no research supporting this claim (and Koch's glyoxylide preparations were found to be just distilled water), triquinoyl is still listed as an ingredient of some alternative medicine remedies.

See also
 Cyclopentanepentone
 Ethylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, an isomer of .
 Cyclohexanehexathione, with same structure but with sulfur instead of oxygen.

References

Oxocarbons
Hypothetical chemical compounds
Cyclic ketones
Polyketones
Conjugated ketones


Lej Nair (literally "black lake" in Romansh) is a small lake on Bernina Pass in the canton of Grisons, Switzerland. It is located near the summit of the pass, between Lago Bianco ("white lake") and Lej Pitschen ("small lake"). While Lago Bianco drains to the Adriatic Sea, Lej Nair and Lej Pitschen are part of the basin of the Inn River draining into the Black Sea.

See also
List of mountain lakes of Switzerland

External links

Lakes of Switzerland
Lakes of Graubünden
St. Moritz


Nils Hasselskog (1892–1936) was a Swedish poet, writer and humourist. He debuted as a writer for Grönköpings Veckoblad in 1925. Hasselskog's years at the magazine are considered its artistic peak. He was the creator of the parody language Transpiranto.

References

Swedish-language writers
Swedish male writers
1892 births
1936 deaths


In the  season, ABC televised five weekly playoff telecasts (the first three weeks were regional coverage of various games and two national games) on Sunday afternoons starting on April 18. In the  season, ABC televised six weekly regional telecasts on Sunday afternoons beginning in March (or the last three Sundays of the regular season). ABC then televised three weeks worth of playoff games on first three Sundays.

Overall, ABC averaged a 1.7 rating for those two seasons.

Stanley Cup Finals

Regular season

All-Star Game

References

External links
NHL U.S. Television Ratings
Sports Media Watch: 2000s numbers game

ABC Sports
ABC


Hermannsburg is a small hamlet located in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. It is home to the Hermannsburg School ().

History
Hermannsburg was established in 1854 as the first station of the Hermannsburg Missionary Society based in Hermannsburg, Germany. The Hermannsburg Missionary Society was founded on the initiative of Louis Harms, who served the Saints Peter and Paul Lutheran Congregation in Hermannsburg, Germany. Under his leadership, the missionaries originally planned to reach Ethiopia, but were forced to turn back when the Sultan of Zanzibar denied them permission to enter his dominions. They turned back and stopped over in Port Natal (Durban), where local Lutherans in New Germany under the leadership of Wilhelm Posselt encourage them to consider a mission to the Zulu people. The Hermannsburg missionaries accepted and started a mission in South Africa. They bought the farm Perseverance on the edge of Zululand near Greytown as Mpande the king of the Zulus would not allow them to settle in his land.

In 1854, after arrival at the new mission station, the missionaries constructed a large house (the Mission House), which was converted to a  museum in 1981.

Some unique aspects of the mission approach of the Hermannsburg Missionary Society included its practice of community of property, its extensive use of lay artisans, and its practice of "colonisation," i.e. having the mission stations form the nucleus of new settlements with the intent of establishing an African Christian civilization.

As the mission blossomed, Louis Harms appointed August Hardeland as the first mission superintendent. August Hardeland arrived in Natal in December, 1859. While his leadership was certainly vigorous and contributed to the organisation and consolidation of the Hermannsburg mission, it was also marked by severe conflict on numerous levels which had a profound impact on the development of the mission and the Lutheran churches that developed out of it.

In 1856 the missionaries started a boarding school, which is still in operation as a private boarding school today.

Various missionaries of the Hermannsburg Mission, supported by laymen- and women, immigrated to South Africa and established mission stations across the region.

In South Africa, five churches have grown out of this initial group of missionaries, namely the ELCSA, ELCSA Cape, ELCSA-NT, LCSA and FELSISA, with further growth in Lutheran churches in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland.

Other Lutheran missions also worked in South Africa, as well as in the rest of Africa. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa counts 580,000 baptized members across South Africa, Botswana, and Swaziland. Across the continent, there is an estimated number of 19 million members of Lutheran churches (2011).

See also
 Hermannsburg Mission House

References

External links
Hermannsburg School
Mission House Museum
Evangelisch-Lutherisches Missionswerk in Niedersachsen

Populated places in the Umvoti Local Municipality
Populated places established in 1854
German settlements in South Africa
1854 establishments in Africa


Bradbury Motor Cycles was a British motorcycle manufacturer based in Oldham, England and established in 1902.
Originally involved in the manufacture of machine tools, sewing machines and cycles, their first motorcycles were bicycles with clip-on Minerva engines.
The Bradbury factory went on to develop and produce a range of single-cylinder motorcycle, V-twins and horizontally opposed twins. The 1912 Bradbury motorcycles were one of the earliest with variable gearing.
Although the factory survived the First World War it closed in 1924.

History
The company was established in 1852 as Bradbury & Co., and was Britain's and Europe's first sewing machine manufacturer. The first Bradbury bicycle appeared as early as 1895, and production continued until at least 1914. The company began manufacturing and marketing motorcycles in 1902 under the name Bradbury Motor Cycles. Their first motorcycle was a bicycle fitted with a 1¾ hp Minerva clip-on engine. In 1903 they began producing motorcycles with  engines which they called the Peerless Motor Cycle. These were based on a design by John Birch. In 1904 Bradbury launched a new  motorcycle with a new frame design and in 1905 their Peerless motorcycle won a special  reliability trial.

In 1909, the Bradbury  motorcycle was launched and advertised as "the finest hill climber (power for power) ever made".  By 1910 Bradbury Motor Cycles had won over 300 first prizes including 18 gold medals in hill climbing competitions.

In 1910, Bradbury developed the fittings of the 1909 Model and in 1911 launched the Speed model. The 1911 Standard model also had Dunlop non-skid tyres and the saddle was padded.
In 1911 H. Gibson and J. Eastwood completed the  Irish 'End to End' trial in 14 hours 9½ minutes on a Bradbury motorcycle.

In 1912, the range was expanded to include a special Model-de-Luxe with a side car made of wicker.
In 1914, the  single-cylinder engine was upgraded to  a new three-speed twin cylinder engine was introduced as the Bradbury  three-speed twin V-Type 750 cc.  The V-type engine had the cylinders at a 50° angle and came with up to seven versions of the side cars ranging from a Tradesman's Carrier to the de-Luxe coach built option. The new twin-cylinder 3½ hp Bradbury 500 cc was also launched with the cylinders horizontally opposed and fitted with a kick start.
In 1912, Bradbury riders H. Gibson and G. Wray completed the  John o' Groats to Lands End journey in 38 hours 47 minutes. Reducing the previous record for a motor cycle and side-car by 2 hours.

In 1913, a Bradbury motor cycle won the Transvaal Speed Championship.  Also in 1913 Bradbury motorcycles participated in the Scottish Six Days Trial.  In the 1914 six-day trial based in Sheffield the chassis of the Bradbury 6 hp broke and as a consequence  Bradbury were excluded from the War Department Trials. However the company did supply Naval Authorities with  motorcycles with a 3-speed counter shaft gear.

After the First World War Bradbury produced a range of 4 hp 554 cc single-cylinder motorcycles as well as the  750 cc twin and a  350 cc single. In 1922, the range was redesigned with a new frame and fuel tank and a new Bradbury  996 cc V-type twin was launched with an optional side car.

In 1922, R. E. Dicker set four British and World records at Brooklands on a 6 hp Bradbury sports motorcycle. Sales were slow, however, and the Bradbury factory closed in 1924.

The Muratti Trophy
The Muratti Trophy was presented to the Ulster Centre of the Motorcycle Union of Ireland by B. Muratti Sons and Co Ltd., a well known Manchester-based cigarette maker. The silver trophy features a winged figure on a Bradbury motorcycle. James Stewart won the event three times between 1907 and 1909 and was awarded the trophy outright. In 1987 the Muratti Trophy was auctioned by Phillips for £12,000.

References

External links
 Bradbury 550cc Motorcycle 1912
 Bradbury advert
Company history

Motorcycle manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Oldham


The Canterbury Stakes is an Australian Turf Club Group 1 Thoroughbred horse race for horses aged three years old and upwards at weight for age, over a distance of 1300 metres, held annually at Randwick Racecourse in Sydney, Australia in March.

History

The race was always run at Canterbury Park Racecourse, but after the Australian Jockey Club and the Sydney Turf Club merged, the new club implemented major program changes and moved to Rosehill. Since 2014 the event has been held at Randwick Racecourse.

Distance
1929–1972 - 6 furlongs (~1200 metres)
1973–2003 - 1200 metres
2004–2007 - 1300 metres
2008 - 1550 metres
2008 onwards - 1300 metres

Grade
1929–1978 - Principal race
1979–2012 - Group 2 race
 2013 onwards - Group 1

Venue
 1929–1996 - Canterbury Park Racecourse
 1997–1999 - Rosehill Gardens Racecourse
 2000–2003 - Canterbury Park Racecourse
 2004–2007 - Rosehill Gardens Racecourse
 2008 - Canterbury Park Racecourse
 2009–2013 - Rosehill Gardens Racecourse
 2014 onwards - Randwick Racecourse

1932 racebook

Gallery of noted winners

Winners

 2023 - Artorius
 2022 - Forbidden Love
 2021 - Mizzy
 2020 - The Bostonian
 2019 - Trapeze Artist
 2018 - Happy Clapper
 2017 - Le Romain
 2016 - Holler
 2015 - Cosmic Endeavour
 2014 - Appearance
 2013 - Pierro
 2012 - More Joyous
 2011 - More Joyous
 2010 - Hot Danish
 2009 - All Silent
 2008 - Mentality
 2007 - Malcolm
 2006 - Paratroopers
 2005 - Dance Hero
 2004 - Yell
 2003 - Defier
 2002 - Empire
 2001 - Shogun Lodge
 2000 - Easy Rocking
 1999 - Kidman’s Cove
 1998 - Quick Flick
 1997 - All Our Mob
 1996 - Sprint By
 1995 - Miss Kariba
 1994 - Al Akbar
 1993 - Big Dreams
 1992 - Alishan
 1991 - Show County
 1990 - Straussbrook
 1989 - At Sea
 1988 - At Sea
 1987 - Placid Ark
 1986 - Avon Angel
 1985 - Chimes Square
 1984 - Sir Dapper
 1983 - Emancipation
 1982 - Manikato
 1981 - Turf Ruler
 1980 - Stage Hit
 1979 - Bernard
 1978 - †race not held
 1977 - Romantic Dream
 1976 - Hartshill
 1975 - Leica Show
 1974 - Favoured
 1973 - I’m Scarlet
 1972 - Playbill
 1971 - Baguette
 1970 - Broker’s Tip
 1969 - Fair Law
 1968 - Cabochon
 1967 - Prince Max
 1966 - Academy Star
 1965 - Aureo
 1964 - Eskimo Prince
 1963 - Kevejon
 1962 - Sky High
 1961 - Sky High
 1960 - Wanton Lass
 1959 - Up and Coming
 1958 - ‡race not held
 1957 - Prince Jambo
 1956 - Starover
 1955 - Star Realm
 1954 - Iroquois
 1953 - Regoli
 1952 - Joy Lad
 1951 - San Domenico
 1950 - San Domenico
 1949 - Bernbrook
 1948 - Gay Monarch
 1947 - Shannon
 1946 - Good Idea
 1945 - Sleepy Fox
 1944 - Tea Rose
 1943 - Katanga
 1942 - Yaralla
 1941 - Reading
 1940 - Beaulivre
 1939 - Beau Vite
 1938 - Gold Rod
 1937 - The Marne
 1936 - Arachne
 1935 - Bulldozer
 1934 - Lough Neagh
 1933 - Chatham
 1932 - Holdfast
 1931 - Holdfast
 1930 - Holdfast
 1929 - Amounis

† Change in scheduling of race from spring to autumn
‡ Meeting abandoned

Notes:
  2021 Mizzy promoted as winner after disqualification of Savatiano for positive swab.

See also
 List of Australian Group races
 Group races

External links
First three placegetters Canterbury Stakes (ATC)

References

Group 1 stakes races in Australia


Pentti Aalto (22 July 1917 – 30 November 1998) was a Finnish linguist who was the University of Helsinki Docent of Comparative Linguistics 1958–1980. Aalto was a student of G. J. Ramstedt. He defended his doctoral dissertation in 1949 in Helsinki.

Aalto published on the Latin gerundive, the Latin gerund, the Greek infinitive, the history of the Finnish study of Oriental, classical, and modern languages. He edited Ramstedt's comparative Altaic grammar and completed an edition of the Mongolian version of the Pan̂carakṣā and a collection of Latin sources of Northeast Asian peoples. He is also the first to translate the ancient Tamil moral text of the Tirukkural into Finnish.

Bibliography
 Aalto, Pentti. (1945). Notes on methods of decipherment of unknown writings and languages. Helsinki: Societas Orientalis Fennica.
 Aalto, Pentti. (1953). Studien zur Geschichte des Infinitivs im Griechischen. Helsinki: Annales Academicae Scentiarum Fennicae, vol. 80.2.
 Aalto, Pentti. (1961). Qutuγ-tu Pan̂carakṣā kemekü Tabun Sakiyan neretü Yeke Kölgen sudur, in Umschrift, mit Facsimile der mongolischen Handschrift (Leningr. MSZ. 130) herausgegeben. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
 Aalto, Pentti. (1971). Oriental studies in Finland 1828–1918. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica.
 Aalto, Pentti. (1972). Kural—The Ancient Tamil Classic (1st ed.). Helsinki: Societas Orientalis Fennica.
 Aalto, Pentti. (1987). Modern language studies in Finland 1828–1918. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica.
 Aalto, Pentti. (1987). Studies in Altaic and comparative philology. Helsinki: The Finnish Oriental Society.
 Aalto, Pentti; & Pekkanen, T. (1975–1980). Latin sources on north-eastern Eurasia (2 Vols). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.

 Ramstedt, G. J. (1952–1966). Einführung in die altaische Sprachwissenschaft, bearbeitet und herausgegeben von P. Aalto (3 Vols). Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.

References

Bibliography

1917 births
1998 deaths
Linguists from Finland
Paleolinguists
Tamil–Finnish translators
Translators of the Tirukkural into Finnish
Linguists of Altaic languages
20th-century translators
20th-century linguists
Tirukkural translators


Cyclopentanepentone, also known as leuconic acid, is a hypothetical organic compound with formula C5O5, the fivefold ketone of cyclopentane. It would be an oxide of carbon (an oxocarbon), indeed a pentamer of carbon monoxide.

As of 2000, the compound had yet to be synthesized in bulk, but there have been reports of trace synthesis.

Related compounds

Cyclopentanepentone can be viewed as the neutral counterpart of the croconate anion .

The compound referred to in the literature and trade as "cyclopentanepentone pentahydrate" (C5O5·5H2O) is probably decahydroxycyclopentane (C5(OH)10).

References

See also
Cyclohexanehexone

Oxocarbons
Hypothetical chemical compounds
Cyclic ketones
Polyketones
Conjugated ketones


Antonio Sebastián Álvarez de Toledo y Salazar, 2nd Marquess of Mancera, Grandee of Spain (January 20, 1622 – February 13, 1715) was a Spanish nobleman and diplomat who served as Viceroy of New Spain from October 15, 1664, to December 8, 1673.

Early life
Antonio Sebastián Álvarez de Toledo was born in Spain, but grew up in Peru, where his father, Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 1st Marquess of Mancera, was viceroy from 1639 to 1648. In 1644, as a young adult, he was sent by his father in charge of a large navy to settle and fortify Corral Bay at the entrance of the ruins of Valdivia. The whole operation was a response to the Dutch expedition to Valdivia in 1643. Arriving at Corral Bay in February 1645 the men in charge of Antonio de Toledo commenced construction of a system of defensive fortifications. These would become the Valdivian Fort System, the most important defensive complex of the American South Pacific coast. It is an exceptional example of the Hispanic-American school of fortification. The building and maintenance of the fortifications became a heavy burden for the Spanish colonial finances but this was felt necessary in order to defend the southern approaches to Peru, the colony which, along with Mexico, constituted the main source of wealth for the Spanish Crown.

He returned to Spain with his father in 1648, and was subsequently majordomo of the royal palace, and then ambassador in Venice and Germany. On December 30, 1663, King Philip IV of Spain named him viceroy of New Spain, although the Council of the Indies had initially rejected him on grounds of his poor health.

As Viceroy of New Spain
The Marquess arrived in Chapultepec and remained there some days before making his formal entry into Mexico City. While in Chapultepec he gave orders that no celebration was to accompany his arrival, because the treasury of the colony had been exhausted by remittances to Spain and the war against the English. However he also ordered that the 16,000 pesos intended for the celebration be used for a filigreed golden box to be sent as a present to the king. He entered Mexico City October 15, 1664, and took up his office.

The viceroy and his wife, the virreina, became patrons of the seventeenth-century nun and savant, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz.

In 1668, the English pirate Robert Searle sacked and destroyed the plaza of St. Augustine, Spanish Florida. He stole (among other things) the payroll intended for the garrison there. To guard against a recurrence, Viceroy Álvarez de Toledo reorganized the Armada de Barlovento (coast guard). He ordered the construction of fast, heavily armed ships for the fleet. These expenses and other expenses of the administration nearly ruined the already depleted treasury. Nevertheless, the viceroy continued the reconstruction of the cathedral of Mexico City. Its ornate interior was finally finished in 1666, and the second dedication of the cathedral was held on December 22, 1667.

In other actions, the viceroy inspected the fortifications of San Juan de Ulúa, near Veracruz, and suspended work on the drainage system of Mexico City and the construction of a convent in Guanajuato for lack of money. He sent another unsuccessful expedition to Baja California. In 1670 Chichimecas invaded Durango, and the governor, Francisco González, abandoned its defense. He was able to save only his own property, and also left with the payroll of the soldiers.

In 1666 news of the death of King Philip IV reached Mexico City. A solemn memorial service was held in the as yet unfinished cathedral. Queen Mariana of Austria became regent for her son Charles II, who was 3 at the time of his father's death.

The Audiencia made trivial complaints against the viceroy to the Crown, such as that he arrived late at religious functions. Some of these complaints were forwarded to the viceroy. Toledo Molina y Salazar resigned the viceroyalty because of ill health, but the Crown did not accept his resignation. On the contrary, on April 3, 1670, it extended his term of office.

Later life
He finally left office in 1673, but still remained for some months in Mexico City. On April 2, 1674, he started the trip back to Spain. On April 22, at Tepeaca (Puebla), on the highway from Mexico City to Veracruz, his wife died and was interred there. He remained there for a time but eventually continued the trip alone and returned to Spain, where he died in 1715.

Descendants
In 1655 the Marquess married Leonora María del Carretto, daughter of Francesco del Carretto, 2nd Marquess of Grana, with whom he had one daughter. In 1680 he married for a second time with Juliana Teresa de Meneses, widow of Francisco Ponce de León, 5th Duke of Arcos, but  they had no descendants. The title passed to his nephew, Pedro Sarmiento, 3rd Marquis of Mancera.

By Leonora María del Carretto:
 María Luisa de Toledo y Carretto, 1st Marchioness of Melgar

Ancestry

Additional information

Notes

Sources

1625 births
1710 deaths
Spanish Roman Catholics
Antonio 02
Viceroys of New Spain
Antonio 02
Knights of the Order of Alcántara
Grandees of Spain


The Icelandic fiddle (Icelandic: fiðla [ˈfɪðla]) is a traditional Icelandic instrument that can be described as a box with two brass strings which is played with a bow. The strings stretch across one end of the box to the other where they are tuned by two tuning pegs.

In English, the Icelandic fiddle may be referred to as a fiddle or violin. It was known to be used in the medieval ages when the King of Sweden kept both fiddle and harp players in his court. The fiddle has also been seen in the medieval  cathedral of Nidaros in Norway, where statues of people playing the fiddle are displayed.

History
The instrument was first introduced in a folktale in the 16th century, although it was not clearly described until the 18th century by Jón Ólafsson, who described the instrument as a cavernous box. Later in the 18th century, the Swedish explorer Uno von Troil visited Iceland in 1722, where he wrote about a langspil and fiddle and noted that both were played with bows. Displayed in the National Museum of Iceland is a drawing of the famous fiðla player, Sveinn Þórarinsson. Not much else is known about the instrument and its uses began to die out by the middle of the 19th century.

Construction and design
The fiðla is a long box made up of thin wood that is about 78 cm long and narrows from 17 cm on one end to 14 cm on the other end. Each of the tuning pegs which are about 13 cm long are at the bottom end of the instrument. Each of the two strings on the fiðla are nailed in on each side to make the strings parallel to the fiðla.

One 19th century author described it as a "rudely fashioned instrument" having six strings of copper or brass wire. It is somewhat similar to the Icelandic langspil instrument.

Similar instruments
 Gue, a lost Shetland instrument which may have resembled the Icelandic fiðla
 Langspil
 Tautirut, a bowed zither played by the Inuit of Hudson Bay

References

External links
Video demonstration of the fiddle.

Icelandic musical instruments
Bowed box zithers


David Abercrombie (19 December 1909 – 4 July 1992) was a British phonetician who established the Department of Phonetics at the University of Edinburgh. He was a student of J. R. Firth and Daniel Jones. He retired as Professor of Phonetics in 1980 and died in Edinburgh at the age of 82.

Biography
Abercrombie was born in Birkenhead on 19 December 1909. His father, Lascelles Abercrombie was a poet and his mother was Catherine, née Gwatkin, one of his three younger siblings was Michael Abercrombie, biologist. He grew up in Ryton, Gloucestershire, before returning to Cheshire on the outbreak of World War I, and moving to Leeds in 1922, when his father became the chair of English Literature at Leeds University.

He attended Leeds Grammar School as a child before studying at English at Leeds University. He went on to complete his post graduate education in phonetics at University College London under Daniel Jones.

In 1948, he gained a position at the University of Edinburgh teaching Phonetics by 1964 he was appointed a professor.

References

Bibliography
Abercrombie, David (1964). English phonetic texts. London: Faber and Faber.
Abercrombie, David (1965). Studies in phonetics and linguistics. London: Oxford University Press.
Abercrombie, David (1967). Elements of general phonetics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Abercrombie, David (1991). Fifty years in phonetics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

External links

Phoneticians
Linguists from the United Kingdom
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
1909 births
1992 deaths
20th-century linguists


Class 29 may refer to:

 British Rail Class 29
 ČSD Class EMU 29.0
 EAR 29 class
 Kaan 29-class patrol craft
 KTM Class 29
 M29-class monitor
 PKP class Pu29

See also
 Type 29 (disambiguation)


River 1467 (official callsign: 3ML) is a commercial radio station owned and operated by Grant Broadcasters. The station is broadcast to the Sunraysia region located on the Victoria–New South Wales border from studios in Mildura.

The station launched in 1997 as Easymix 1467 by Elmie Investments, following 3MA's conversion to the FM band. On 15 June 2016, the station relaunched as River 1467.

In November 2021, River 1467, along with other stations owned by Grant Broadcasters, were acquired by the Australian Radio Network. This deal allows Grant's stations, including River 1467, to access ARN's iHeartRadio platform in regional areas. The deal was finalized on January 4, 2022. It is expected River 1467 will integrate with ARN's Pure Gold Network, but will retain its current name according to the press release from ARN.

Programming
Local programming is produced and broadcast from the station's Mildura studios from 5.30am weekdays. The station's local output consists of a three-hour breakfast show presented by Jason Hayes, the drive show with Damion Bradshaw, and David Burrows hosting across the weekend mornings. Additional locally branded programs are pre-recorded (i.e. not live) from the studios of Gold Central Victoria.

Syndicated programming includes Mornings with Neil Mitchell and the 20/20 Retro Countdown with Aaron Stevens.

References

External links

Easy listening radio stations in Australia
Radio stations established in 1933
Radio stations in Victoria (state)
Australian Radio Network


Squash competitions at the 2007 Pan American Games was held from July 14 to July 19 at the Miécimo da Silva Complex in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. There were four events, two for both men and women, with Canada (five medals) leading the competition.

Men's competition

Singles

Team

Women's competition

Singles

Team

Medal table

References
 Sports 123
 worldsquash
 squashplayer

P
2007
Events at the 2007 Pan American Games


York Sound is a sound located in the Kimberley region of Western Australia opening into the Indian Ocean.
The sound is bounded by Cape Pond to the North and Hardey Point with the Coronation Islands to the South.
The nearest populated town to the Sound is Kalumburu,  to the North East.

The main feature of the sound is Boongaree Island which is situated close to the mainland to the South and the Anderdon Islands and Murrara Island to the North. Prince Frederick Harbour is found at the southern end of the sound.

The Hunter and the Roe Rivers both discharge directly into the Sound.

The first European to visit the area was the Dutch sailor and explorer, Abel Tasman, who landed in the area in 1644.
The area was surveyed in 1820 by Philip Parker King aboard the Mermaid.

During World War II a small group of Japanese officers landed in the area to determine rumours that large air & naval bases were being built. They became the only Axis soldiers to have landed in Australia during the war.

References

Kimberley coastline of Western Australia
Sounds of Western Australia


The Hamersley & Robe River railway, majority-owned by Rio Tinto, and operated by its subsidiary Pilbara Iron, is a private rail network in the Pilbara region of Western Australia for the purpose of carrying iron ore. The network is larger than any other Australian heavy freight rail network in private ownership. The total length of its track is about .

There are four other iron ore rail lines in the Pilbara. BHP operate the Goldsworthy and Mount Newman railways, Fortescue Metals Group operate the Fortescue railway and Hancock Prospecting the Roy Hill railway.

History

Hamersley railway
The first part of the Pilbara Iron rail network to be constructed was a line known as the Hamersley railway, between a newly opened mine at Tom Price and a newly constructed port (now the port of Dampier) at King Bay.

The Hamersley railway project began in December 1964, when Japanese steel mills agreed to purchase iron ore from Hamersley Iron over 16 years beginning in August 1966. The railway's route was chosen after two aerial surveys and comparisons of numerous possible alternatives.

In April 1965, a joint venture of Morrison-Knudsen, Mannix Contractors of Canada and McDonald Constructions of Australia was appointed to build the line of 180 miles, for $15,680,000. Excavations commenced at Dampier on 16 June 1965. Until the completion of a service wharf at that location, cargo had to be brought ashore on lighters, or unloaded at Point Samson. On 6 September 1965, the freighter Katsura Maru became the first vessel to berth at the service wharf; its cargo included the railway's first four locomotives.

The original track for the Hamersley railway was  rails manufactured in Japan, laid on sleepers of jarrah and wandoo timber from Western Australia with dog spike fastenings and ballasted with  of crushed stone. For most of the construction period, track was laid at a rate of  per day. On 23 June 1966, the first ore train ran from Tom Price to the coast, and on 1 July 1966 the line was officially opened by the Minister for Industrial Development, Charles Court.

In 1970, construction began on an extension of the Hamersley railway from Wombat Junction, just north of Tom Price, to a second mine, at Paraburdoo, about  south west of Tom Price. Engineering design and construction management for the extension was undertaken by Minenco; the contractors were a joint venture known as Morrison-Knudsen-Mannix-Oman (MKMO). The Paraburdoo extension incorporated a number of design improvements. In particular, the track was made from heavier,  rail sections, which were flashbutt and thermit welded into continuous rails, and attached by pandrol clips to timber sleepers. Construction was completed in March 1972, and the first official Paraburdoo train ran on 5 May 1972.

In 1972, a programme of rerailing the original railway began. In that year,  of  track and dog spikes were replaced with  track and pandrol clips.  The replacement programme continued until its completion in 1977. Hamersley Iron also arranged for test installation of concrete sleepers at various locations from November 1973. The tests were successful, and in 1980 work commenced on the re-sleepering of the original railway with concrete sleepers, a task completed in 1986.

The Hamersley railway was subsequently expanded with the construction of spur lines to Marandoo, Brockman and the Yandicoogina mines.

Robe River railway
The other main component of the Pilbara Iron network is the Robe River railway, which was constructed for a joint venture known as Cliffs Robe River Iron Associates. This railway originally linked the joint venture's first mine, near Pannawonica in the Robe River valley, with a pelletising plant and port at Cape Lambert.

The Robe River railway project was given the go ahead on 1 July 1970. The construction contract was awarded to the MKMO joint venture. In May 1971, the first track materials were unloaded at the service wharf at Cape Lambert. Tracklaying from Cape Lambert to Pannawonica then proceeded between January and May 1972. The first Robe River ore train, operating under test conditions, ran on 6 July 1972. The first official train carrying production ore followed on 8 August 1972; it consisted of 75 wagons hauled by two locomotives. One week later, the Robe River railway was finally accepted from the contractor.

Pilbara Iron
In 2001, after taking over North Limited the majority owner of Robe River Iron, Rio Tinto merged the Hamersley and Robe River rail operations under the Pilbara Rail banner. The merger generated more than $16 million in savings. In 2004, Rio Tinto announced that Hamersley and Robe would start merging the rest of its operations under a new Pilbara Iron entity. Pilbara Rail was folded into Pilbara Iron in 2005.

As of 2020, the Pilbara Iron network served 11 mines in the Pilbara region, transporting 333 million tonnes of iron ore to the ports at Dampier and Cape Lambert annually.

In November 2007, the National Competition Council of Australia received an application from Fortescue Metals Group (FMG) to access part of the Hamersley railway. In January 2008, another application was lodged by FMG, this time for access to the Robe River railway. Earlier, in June 2004, the council had received an application from FMG to use of part of BHP's Mount Newman railway and also part of the Goldsworthy railway.

In May 2008, Rio Tinto suffered a setback when the Federal Court of Australia rejected an attempt by Rio to block Fortescue from using their rail network. Following this, in June 2010, the Australian Competition Tribunal ruled that Fortescue would be granted access to the Robe River line and BHP Billiton's Goldsworthy line but not to the busier Hamersley and Mount Newman lines. Treasurer Wayne Swan suggested that several advantages would accrue from access to the rail lines by third parties. It would increase competition, reduce duplication of infrastructure, and reduce environmental damage.

Access to the rail networks by third parties is governed by the State Agreements Act.

Operations
Rio Tinto iron ore trains consist of up to 236 wagons, each having a load capacity of up to 106 tonnes. Trains are up to  long and, fully loaded, weigh approximately 29,500 tonnes. The trains have an average cycle time of 28 hours.

Rolling stock

Hamersley Iron locomotives

To operate construction trains, Hamersley Iron purchased a former Spokane, Portland & Seattle Railway Alco S-2 shunter (007). To haul the iron ore trains, five Alco C-628 locomotives (2001-2005) were purchased in 1965–67, two being built in Schenectady in the United States and three by AE Goodwin in Sydney. All had been retired by 1982 with one preserved on a plinth at 7 Mile Yard. Three 2,750hp 175 ton diesel electric locomotives were shipped from San Francisco in September 1965.

In May 1968, a two-year-old former demonstrator Alco C-415 (008, later 1000) was purchased. After being withdrawn in February 1982 and donated to the Pilbara Railway Historical Society, it was reactivated in September 1991 to operate construction trains on the under construction Marandoo line.

In May 1968, the first two, of what by 1980 would total 39 (3006-3017), (4030-4056), Alco C-636s (3006-3017) and MLW M-636s (4030-4056) were delivered. The earlier deliveries were manufactured by AE Goodwin, with the later examples manufactured by Commonwealth Engineering.

In April 1978, three Class 50 GE Transportation C36-7s (5057-5059) manufactured by A Goninan & Co, Broadmeadow were delivered. These were withdrawn in 1997 and in August 1998 sold to National Railway Equipment Company and exported to the United States. All were leased to the Norfolk Southern Railway. In 2006 one was sold to the Minnesota Commercial Railroad and the other two to FIAGRIL, a soy company in Brazil that had an agreement of transport with Brasil Ferrovias-FERRONORTE in San Pablo State and Mato Grosso state. Today, former HI 5058 is owned by ABPF - Brazilian Preservation Railway Association and are running in touristic and special trains. (Rodrigo José Cunha - Railway Researcher and ABPF member).

Between 1981 and 1985, 24 were rebuilt by Comeng, Bassendean with new cabs as CE636Rs. Most were withdrawn in 1995, with 10 sold to Austrac Ready Power and shipped to Perth for an aborted rebuild. One (3017) has been preserved by the Pilbara Railway Historical Society.

Accompanying the three Class 50s on the voyage from Newcastle, was former Great Western Railway steam locomotive Pendennis Castle that had been purchased by Hamersley Iron. Until its October 1994 withdrawal, Pendennis Castle''' operated charter services on the Hamersley Iron network hauling former New South Wales Government Railways S type passenger carriages. Rio Tinto donated the locomotive to the Great Western Society, Didcot and in April 2000 was repatriated back to England."Pendennis Castle on its Way Home" Railway Digest June 2000 page 17

In 1982, five Class 60 Electro-Motive Diesel SD50Ss (6060-6064) were manufactured by Clyde Engineering, Rosewater. In November 1995, all were withdrawn and in August 1998 sold to National Railway Equipment Company and exported to the United States. After being leased to Norfolk Southern all were sold in 2001 to the Utah Railway.

Robe River locomotives
In August 1971, Cliffs Robe River Iron Associates (CRRIA) took delivery two New South Wales 40 class locomotives (9401 & 9405) to operate construction trains. After the line opened they were used as shunters at Cape Lambert until withdrawn in 1979. 9405 was donated to the Pilbara Railways Historical Society and returned to working order, while 9401 was donated to the Wickham Lions Club and placed on a plinth at the tourist information bay.Railway Digest February 2012

Between October 1971 and June 1980, CRRIA took delivery of 12 MLW M-636 locomotives (9410-9416 & 9421-9425). In May 1981, another (9424) was purchased second hand from the Burlington Northern Railroad. In 1986, a further two were purchased from Conrail and rebuilt as CE636Rs at Comeng, Bassendean before entering service as 9426 and 9427. In May 1989, another (9417) was purchased from Burlington North Railroad and rebuilt by A Goninan & Co, Perth. Between June 1989 and April 1996, a further 12 were rebuilt by A Goninan & Co as CM40-8Ms. In 2012 some were sold to Chicago Freight Car Leasing Australia and taken to UGL Rail, Perth for overhaul. Only one has entered service.

In January 1975, four 1965 built ex Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Alco C-630 locomotives (9417-9420) were delivered to CRRIA One (9417) was destroyed in an accident in February 1979, with the remaining three rebuilt by A Goninan & Co to the same specifications as the replacement 9417 in 1990/91.

Rio Tinto locomotives

In February 1995, 29 GE Transportation Dash 9-44CWs were delivered in one shipment from Erie, Pennsylvania. Because 13 had been deck cargo, they received corrosion damage and required remedial attention before entering service. Further orders brought the total to 72 (7043-7050, 7053-7098, 9401-9409 & 9428-9436).Dash 9-44CW Railpage

Since 2007, 97 GE Transportation ES44DCis (8100-8196) have been delivered.

 Autohaul
A decades long $1.7B project to automate the over two hundred Rio Tinto locomotives used to haul Pilbara Iron ore was completed in 2020. "AutoHaul" is the world's first autonomous trains network reaching operational status, and is self-characterized as "the world's largest robot". The trains are monitored from operations centre in Perth, over 1,500 km away. Some drivers are retained as manual backup and to drive trains the last mile into the port area.

Depots
Rail depots are located at Tom Price, Cape Lambert and Dampier while the train control is based in Perth.

Mines
The Pilbara Iron rail network transports ore from the following Rio Tinto-operated mines to the ports at Dampier and Cape Lambert:

Brockman 2 mine
Brockman 4 mine
Nammuldi mine
Mount Tom Price mine
Marandoo mine
Mesa A mine
Mesa J mine
Paraburdoo mine
Channar mine (ore transported to Paraburdoo by conveyor)Eastern Range mine (ore transported to Paraburdoo by conveyor)''
West Angelas mine
Yandicoogina mine
Hope Downs mine
Hope Downs 4 mine

References

External links
Pilbara Railways – rail enthusiast website
Rio Tinto Iron Ore website

Hamersley Range
Iron ore railways
Mining railways in Western Australia
Railway lines in the Pilbara
Railway lines opened in 1966
Rio Tinto Iron Ore
Standard gauge railways in Australia
1966 establishments in Australia
Automated track-bound freight transport


Alberto Katerinovich Cavos (;  – ) was a Russian–Italian architect best known for his theatre designs, the builder of the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg (1859–1860) and the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow (1853–1856).

Early years

Alberto Cavos was born in Saint Petersburg to Venetian opera composer Catterino Cavos (see Cavos family), and his wife, Camilla Baglioni, who had settled in Russia in 1798, after the fall of the Republic of Venice. Alberto Cavos was educated in the University of Padua and then returned to Russia to complete practical training in Carlo Rossi's workshop. His brother Giovanni (Ivan, 1805–1861) was trained in music and assisted his father in Saint Petersburg opera.

Bolshoi Theatre (Saint Petersburg)

In 1826 Cavos received his first commission – rebuilding of the former Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre (the Stone Theatre). Built by Antonio Rinaldi in 1770, the theatre burnt down in 1811; restoration was interrupted by the death of its supervisor, Jean-François Thomas de Thomon, in 1813, and slowly dragged until 1818. Cavos dedicated ten years to this project; the theatre reopened as Saint Petersburg's main opera stage in 1836. However, the art of opera found little attention at the court; operas by Russian composers were banned in 1843 and in 1846 the Russian opera company migrated to Moscow's Bolshoi Theatre, built in the same period by Joseph Bové. Nevertheless, the theatre retained its Italian company and became a home stage for Marius Petipa ballet and operated until 1886, when it was rebuilt it into the Saint Petersburg Conservatory.

Mariinsky Theatre (Saint Petersburg)

In 1847–1848 Cavos designed and built a wooden Equestrian Circus Theatre in Saint Petersburg, on a square now known as Theatre Square. The Circus opened on January 20, 1849, and soon became a home stage for the Russian opera company that returned from Moscow in 1850. Nine years later, on January 26, 1859, the Circus burnt down; Alexander II ordered Cavos to rebuild the theatre "with all the improvements that had been needed to be made when the circus building was turned into a theatre.The Czar further orders that the Architect preserve the interior decoration as it used to be". Cavos retained the Romanesque facade of the Circus, but completely redesigned the interiors, replacing the old circular arena with a horseshoe-shapes "Italian" opera hall. The new theatre opened in October 1860 as Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, named after Empress Maria Alexandrovna, and immediately became Saint Petersburg's principal opera stage.

Bolshoi Theatre (Moscow)

On March 11, 1853, Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow was destroyed by fire that left only exterior wall standing. Cavos secured the contract to rebuild the theatre and substantially expanded and altered Bove's original plan, creating Bolshoi as it was known before closing down for restoration in 2005. Despite the economic downturn that accompanied the disastrous Crimean War, the work rushed through, especially after the death of tsar Nicholas I of Russia – according to Alexander Benois, to reopen the theatre in time for his successor's coronation. Bolshoi indeed reopened in the presence of Alexander II of Russia on August 20, 1856, featuring a new grand hall for 2,150 spectators. In line with the eclecticism of the period, Cavos described his work as "making the auditorium as magnificent as possible and to produce a light effect, if possible, in the Renaissance style in combination with the Byzantine style. White colour, the bright crimson drapings, overstrewn with golden interior decoration of the boxes, different on each storey, the plaster arabesques and the main effect of the auditorium – its grand chandelier...". Cavos retained a personal "architect's box" at the Bolshoi, which later passed to his descendants from the Benois family.

Henry Sutherland Edwards, contemporary British journalist, praised Cavos as being "not only an architect, but also an acoustician, if we may use the term ... he understands what does not appear to be understood in London...". According to Edwards, Cavos ridiculed the idea that acoustical properties of a building cannot be ensured by design; he deliberately designed, built and outfitted his theatres for sound. "It (the Bolshoi) is constructed as a musical instrument", commented Cavos.

Modern architects add a sober note: despite excellent acoustics, the Bolshoi suffered from poor build quality and poor planning of its public areas. The former may be in part blamed on local contractors, 16-month rush schedule and a modest budget of 900,000 roubles. Ivan Rerberg, who restored Bolshoi in 1920–1932, bitterly commented on the architect's decision to close and fill with earth the original groundfloor galleries that housed cloakrooms before the 1853 fire. Large spans of load-bearing brick walls were laid without mortar; weak foundations underneath, placed in the bend of subterranean Neglinnaya River, were shifting erratically since 19th century. By the end of the 20th century, salvaging Bolshoi required a complete replacement of foundations.

Private life and legacy
In 1859 Cavos completed the rebuilding of  Mikhaylovsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg. The architect's last work was a competition entry for the design of the Paris opera; according to Alexander Benois, his drafts were approved by Napoleon III of France but when Cavos died, at Peterhof, the job was awarded to Charles Garnier. Apart from theatres, Cavos is credited with design of dozens of buildings in Saint Petersburg and its suburbs. Most of these buildings were subsequently expanded and rebuilt, losing their original architectural trim.

The private life of Alberto Cavos and his family has been made public by his grandson, Alexander Benois. According to Benois, Cavos was overwhelmed by lucrative contracts and quickly made a fortune that allowed him, in addition to Saint Petersburg lifestyle, to keep a luxurious home on the Grand Canal in Venice and amass a vast collection of art there. After his death these treasures were brought to Saint Petersburg and split between his numerous heirs.

Alberto's first wife, Aloysia Carolina (née Carobio), died of tuberculosis in 1835. She and Alberto had four children. Alberto Cavos married Xenia, his second wife, when she was only 17; they had three children. However, his extramarital adventures destroyed the marriage; in the end, Alberto Cavos bequeathed his business interests to his new mistress, having nearly ruined his legitimate wife and children. Among these children,
 Caesar Cavos (1824–1883) also became a notable Saint Petersburg architect and businessman;
 Constantin Cavos (1826–1890) was a diplomat in Imperial Russian service;
 Camilla Cavos (1828–1891) married Nicholas Benois (then a junior partner of Alberto Cavos) and gave birth to nine siblings of the Benois family, including Albert Benois (1852–1936), Leon Benois (1856–1928), Alexander Benois (1870–1960) and Yekaterina Benois who married Eugene Lanceray (Sr.) and became the mother of Eugene Lanceray and Zinaida Serebriakova. Sir Peter Ustinov was Leon Benois's grandson.

Notes

References

1800 births
1863 deaths
Russian architects
Russian people of Italian descent
19th-century Italian architects
Architects from Veneto
Italian neoclassical architects
University of Padua alumni


The 2009–10 season is the Wellington Phoenix's third season of football in the Hyundai A-League, making it the longest running New Zealand team in the competition, surpassing the defunct New Zealand Knights.

Players

First team squad

Transfers

In

Out

Matches

2009–10 Pre-season friendlies

2009–10 Hyundai A-League fixtures

2009–10 Finals series

Results by round

Statistics

Appearances

Goal scorers

Goal assists

Discipline

Goal times

Home attendance

Club

Technical staff
First team Coach:  Ricki Herbert
Goalkeeping Coach:  Jonathan Gould
Technical Analyst:  Luciano Trani
First team Physiotherapist:  Adam Crump
Masseur:  Dene Carroll
Strength & Conditioning Coach:  Ed Baranowski

Kit

The team kit for the 2009–10 season was produced by Reebok. The home kit was changed to a black and yellow vertically striped shirt with black shorts and socks. The away kit features black sleeves with yellow trim on a white background, while the shorts are white with a yellow and black side trim, with white socks. Sony renewed its contract with the Wellington Phoenix and remained the club's major sponsor.

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End of Season Awards
See also List of Wellington Phoenix FC End of Season Awards
Sony Player of the Year: Andrew Durante
Members' Player of the Year: Paul Ifill
Players' Player of the Year: Paul Ifill
Media Player of the Year: Paul Ifill
Golden Boot: Paul Ifill – 12 goals
Under-23 Player of the Year: Troy Hearfield

References

Wellington Phoenix FC seasons
Wellington Phoenix Season, 2009–10
Wellington Phoenix season


Gandala is a small village located on the eastern coastline of Ganjam District in the Indian state of Odisha. Gandala is a panchayat under the block of Hinjilicut near to Berhampur City. the majority of people Gandala are dependent on farming. Gandala has an average elevation of .

Demographics
According to a 2013 report on world Gazetter India census, Gandala-Belagan had a population of 8389 which is more than Gopalpur port town. Gandala is a Panchayat (with one village) & Belagan also a Panchayat (with one village). Both the villages are merged about 30 years back like Hinjili and katu.

Gandala: In 2011 – 4652, and in 2013 – 5199
Belagan: In 2011 – 3154, and in 2013 – 3190

Health care
Veterinary Hospital in Gondala, Ganjam

Bank and Post Office
 UNITED BANK OF INDIA(IFSC-UTBI0GNB475) GANDALA-BELGAON
 DHANEI KGFS GANDALA PRIVATE
 Head Post Office Gandala

Education
 Primary School Near main Market
 Primary School in bandha sahi
 Saraswati Sisu Mandira
 Ganesh Vidya Peeth (established 1959)
 Sri Beleswar (Junior) Mahavidyalaya, Gandala (established 1993)
 Sri Beleswar Degree Mahavidyalaya, Gandala (established 1997)

References

Villages in Ganjam district


The Tweed Daily News was a daily newspaper serving the Tweed Heads, New South Wales area of Australia. The newspaper is now in website form only and is owned by News Corp Australia.

The Tweed Daily News was circulated to the Tweed Shire community stretching from Palm Beach, Queensland, south to Pottsville, New South Wales.

The Tweed Daily News website is part of News Corp Australia's News Regional Media network.

History

The Tweed Daily News started life in 1888 as the Tweed and Brunswick Advocate and the South Queensland Record made its appearance at the end of October 1888.

The paper was started by William Robert Baker who had worked on newspapers in the Grafton District. Mr Baker and his two apprentices Norman MacKinon and James McLeod set about producing the paper that was the forerunner to today's Tweed Daily News.

The paper started as a weekly paper, then a bi-weekly, and over the years changed names, owners and formats several times. However, on the first day of January in 1914, the bi-weekly papers were combined to introduce the district's first daily newspaper - The Tweed Daily.

After the early days of patiently setting every letter by hand, The Tweed Daily took a major step forward in 1970 when it became the second daily newspaper in Australia to install an offset printing press. Nowadays publishing is done on a computer system and the company's papers are printed at sister sites in Ballina and Yandina.

See also
 List of newspapers in Australia

References

External links
 Tweed Daily News

Newspapers published in New South Wales
Tweed Heads, New South Wales
Newspapers established in 1888
APN Australian Regional Media
Daily newspapers published in Australia