Becton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Becton, attorney, former judge and president of the North Carolina Bar Association
Frank Becton (born 1873), English professional footballer
Frederick J. Becton (1908–1995), United States Navy rear admiral
George Wilson Becton (died 1933), African-American preacher
Julius W. Becton Jr. (born 1926), retired United States Army lieutenant general
Maxwell Becton (1868–1951), co-founded Becton Dickinson, an American medical equipment manufacturing company, in 1897
Mekhi Becton (born 1999), American football player
Nick Becton (born 1990), American National Football League player
Tommy Becton (1878–1957), former professional footballer


The Lake Issyk also known as Issyk Lake (, Esık kölı) is a lake in Kazakhstan fed by the Issyk River. It should not be confused with the Issyk-Kul Lake in neighboring Kyrgyzstan.

History
It is estimated that the lake was formed about 8-10 millennia ago, as a result of a catastrophic earthquake that caused the collapse of the right slope of the gorge. After the collapse, debris blocked the gorge and created a dam about 300 meters tall. A lake formed behind the dam was about 1,850 meters long, 500 meters wide and 50 to 79 meters deep, located at an altitude of 1,756 meters. The lake became known in Russia and Europe by the middle of the 19th Century, after the formation of the village of Nadezhdinskaya at the mouth of the gorge. One of the first researchers was the geographer Semenov Tien-Shansky, who mentioned the lake in his diaries: "we were delighted to see at our feet the "Green lake" (in Kazakh "Jasyl-Kol"), which had the purest and most transparent, thick bluish-green color of the TRANS-Baikal beryl. Beyond the lake rose a bold and steep jagged ridge of high squirrel ... this mountain the guide called Issyk-bash."

The Caspian tiger was found in the Issyk gorge and around the lake at least at the beginning of the 1900s and is mentioned in the diaries of Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky.

The lake is mostly famous for the way it was created (an ancient natural landslide damming a valley), destroyed (another natural landslide destroying that dam in 1963, with a subsequent flood damaging the city of Esik), and re-created (with human help).

In 2019, the road surface was restored at the dam and parking was organized right on the ridge. Infrastructure for camping has been created, gazebos, tables and benches have been built, and fireplaces have been organized.

Threat to the lake due to the construction of a hydropower plant
In 2005, "BTA Bank" and a private company LLP "EnergoAlem" proposed a project to build more than four private HPPs along the river below the Issyk Lake mudflow protection dam. The peculiarity of these HPPs is that their operation is possible only by regulating the flow in the river by discharging from the reservoir of Lake Issyk. In 2008 the first HPP-2 was put into operation at the expense of financing of "BTA Bank" and "EnergoAlem" LLP. At the end of 2019 the second - "HPP-1" was put into operation. Immediately after the commissioning of "HPP-1", the water level in the lake and the river below it dropped as much as possible, almost to the point of emptying. In June 2020, the public, environmentalists, and residents of the town of Esik were outraged by what was happening to the lake and called on the authorities to prevent an environmental disaster.

Earlier in 2016, during the start of construction of HPP-1, local residents sounded the alarm by appealing to the Emergency Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the appeal it was noted that construction with the use of drilling and blasting is carried out near the mudflow protection dam of the lake without a working draft and any permits. KChS responded to the appeal that "KazSeleZashchita" State Institution conducted a survey of the territory near the mudflow protection dam, which found that drilling and blasting operations were carried out behind the dam on Lake Issyk (downstream the Yesik River at a distance of about 250-300 meters). The branch of the State Institution Kazselezaschita of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Department of Emergency Situations of Almaty Oblast were not notified of these works. The branch of GU Kazselezaschita KChS MIA initiates the issue of informing the prosecutor's office of Almaty region regarding the threat of violation of the integrity of the Issyk Lake mudflow retaining dam".

References

External links
Panoramio - Photo of Lake Issyk
At the top of the mountain, the view of Lake Issyk below and the surrounding mountains

Lakes of Kazakhstan
Landslide-dammed lakes


This page shows the results of the Men's Wrestling Competition at the 1975 Pan American Games, held from October 12 to October 26, 1971, in Mexico City, Mexico.

Men's Freestyle

Freestyle (– 48 kg)

Freestyle (– 52 kg)

Freestyle (– 57 kg)

Freestyle (– 62 kg)

Freestyle (– 68 kg)

Freestyle (– 74 kg)

Freestyle (– 82 kg)

Freestyle (– 90 kg)

Freestyle (– 100 kg)

Freestyle (+ 100 kg)

Men's Greco-Roman

Greco-Roman (– 48 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 52 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 57 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 62 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 68 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 74 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 82 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 90 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 100 kg)

Greco-Roman (+ 100 kg)

Medal table

See also
Wrestling at the 1976 Summer Olympics

References
 Sports 123

1975 Pan American Games
P
1975
International wrestling competitions hosted by Mexico


Countess of Limburg

House of Ardennes, 1065–1119

House of Ardennes, 1119–1283

Interregnum (1283–1288)

House of Leuven, 1288–1406

House of Valois, 1406–1482

House of Habsburg, 1482–1700

House of Bourbon, 1700–1706

House of Habsburg, 1706–1780

House of Habsburg-Lorraine, 1780–1794

House of Orange-Nassau, 1839–1866

See also
Duchess of Brabant
List of Lotharingian consorts
List of Burgundian consorts
List of consorts of Luxembourg
Countess of Flanders
Countess of Holland
List of Dutch consorts

Limburg
Limburg
Duchy of Limburg

Titles


John Barry-Murphy (7 January 1892 – 6 January 1975) was an Irish sportsperson.  He played hurling at various times with his local clubs Cloughduv and Éire Óg and was a member of the Cork senior inter-county team in the 1910s and 1920s.

Playing career

Club

Barry-Murphy began his hurling career  as a member of his local Cloughduv team.  Cloughduv and the Bride Valley Club merged in 1928 to form the Éire Óg club. That year Barry-Murphy won his sole senior county championship winners' medal.

Inter-county

Barry-Murphy first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Cork junior hurling team in 1916.  That year he captured a Munster title following a 6-0 t 4–1 defeat of Tipperary. The subsequent All-Ireland final pitted Cork against Kilkenny.  An exciting game developed, however, the long whistle Cork were the champions by 4–6 to 3–4, giving Barry-Murphy an All-Ireland junior winners' medal.

Barry-Murphy later joined the Cork senior team.  In 1919 he won his first Munster winners' medal following a provincial final defeat of Limerick.  The All-Ireland final saw Cork line out against Dublin.  'The Rebels' were coasting at half-time with Jimmy Kennedy havings scored four goals.  He had two more disallowed to give his side a 4–2 to 1–1 lead.  Cork ploughed on in the second half to secure a 6–4 to 2–4 victory.  This victory gave Barry-Murphy an All-Ireland winners' medal.  This was also the first occasion that Cork wore their distinctive red jerseys.  The old saffron and blue jerseys had been seized by the British before the game so alternative arrangements had to be made.

In 1920 Barry-Murphy won a second and final Munster title following another victory over Limerick.  A second All-Ireland final appearance beckoned, however, Barry-Murphy played no part.  Cork failed to retain their title as a goal blitz by Joe Phelan, Jimmy Walsh and Mick Neville gave Dublin a 4–9 to 4–3 victory.

Sources

 Corry, Eoghan, The GAA Book of Lists (Hodder Headline Ireland, 2005).
 Cronin, Jim, A Rebel Hundred: Cork's 100 All-Ireland Titles.
 Donegan, Des, The Complete Handbook of Gaelic Games (DBA Publications Limited, 2005).

References

1892 births
1975 deaths
Cloughduv hurlers
Éire Óg (Cork) hurlers
Cork inter-county hurlers
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners


Ruth Humbel (born 23 July 1957) is a Swiss politician (CVP) and a member of the Federal Assembly. She is also an orienteering competitor at international level. She won bronze medals in the relay at the World Orienteering Championships in 1978, 1981 and 1985. She placed fourth in the individual event at the 1981 World Championships, and fifth in the relay in 1979.

Personal life
Humbel lives in the municipality of Birmenstorf in the canton Aargau in Switzerland. She is married to historian Beat Näf, and has two children, born in 1991 and 1994.

Sports career
Humbel was five times individual Swiss Champion in Orienteering. She was part of the Swiss national team from 1975 to 1987, and competed in seven World Orienteering Championships.

At the 1976 World Orienteering Championships in Aviemore she placed 19th in the classic distance. The 1978 World Championships were held in Kongsberg, Norway. Humbel started both in the individual competition, where she placed 13th, and in the relay. The Swiss team earned a bronze medal, behind Finland and Sweden, in a close finish two seconds ahead of the Norway team. Also on the Swiss team were Ruth Baumberger and Hanni Fries. In Tampere in 1979 she placed 25th in the individual competition, and fifth with the Swiss team, which consisted of Annelies Meier, Humbel and Fries. In 1981 the World Championships were held in Thun, in her home country. Humbel achieved her best individual result, placing fourth. In the relay Switzerland won the bronze medal, behind Sweden and Finland. On the Swiss team were Ruth Schmid, Annelies Meier Irene Bucher and Humbel. In Zalaegerszeg in 1983 she placed 31st in the individual course, and fifth in the relay. In Bendigo in 1985 she placed 28th in the individual course, and the Swiss team won a bronze medal in the relay. Her last appearance at the World Orienteering Championships was in Gerardmer in 1987. She placed 18th in the individual competition, and sixth in the relay.

Political career
Humbel was a member () of the Aargau Parliament () from 1981 to 2003. In 2003 she was elected to the National Council of Switzerland, and reelected in 2007. She represents the canton Aargau, and the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. In the parliament she is a member of the Health Commission () and the , and a former member of the Commission of Justice ().

References

External links
 Ruth Humbel on the website of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland

Swiss orienteers
Members of the National Council (Switzerland)
1957 births
Living people
Female orienteers
Foot orienteers
Women members of the National Council (Switzerland)
World Orienteering Championships medalists
20th-century Swiss women politicians
20th-century Swiss politicians
21st-century Swiss women politicians
21st-century Swiss politicians


John Fahey Visits Washington D.C. is an album by American fingerstyle guitarist and composer John Fahey, released in 1979.

History
John Fahey Visits Washington D.C. was Fahey's first album in four years. The same year,  he sold Takoma, the independent record label he had started in 1959, to Chrysalis Records. Chrysalis eventually sold the rights to the albums, and Takoma was in limbo until bought by Fantasy Records in 1995. He cited the strain of running the label and its lack of direction as reasons for selling it to the UK-based company. Other sources refer to Fahey's disinterest in the business side of running Takoma, the company's debt, and the current poor business climate of the record industry.

He covers two songs by other guitarists – "Guitar Lamento" is by Brazilian guitarist Bola Sete from his album Ocean and "Death by Reputation" by Leo Kottke from his eponymous 1977 album.

It was rumored that an entire album known as the Nuthouse sessions was rejected, leading to the release of John Fahey Visits Washington D.C. instead.

Reception

Music critic Richie Unterberger praised the album, noting the "stellar picking and an eclectic range of influences... Some of his characteristic moodiness emerges in passages from 'Ann Arbor' and 'Melody McBad'."

From his review for the UK-based Record Collector, critic Sid Smith gave the album 4 stars, writing "... although the landscape may look and sound familiar, nothing is quite what it seems. Circuitous, complex lines are unfurled into rare, blooming chords in much the way a magician pulls flowers out of his pocket. However, it’s the gothic rumbles of "Guitar Lamento" that remind us how Fahey’s use of space and haunting repetition created glorious epic moods tempered with a bleak intensity that still resonates."

Reissues
John Fahey Visits Washington D.C. was reissued on CD in 2008 by Ace Records.

Track listing
 "Medley: Silver Bell/Cheyenne" (Fahey, Doc Watson, Bill Monroe) – 4:31
 "Ann Arbor/Death by Reputation" (Fahey, Leo Kottke) – 8:11
 "The Discovery of the Sylvia Scott" (Fahey) – 7:45
 "Guitar Lamento" (Bola Sete) – 5:49
 "Melody McBad" (Fahey) – 10:09
 "The Grand Finale" (Fahey) – 7:05

Personnel
John Fahey – guitar
Richard Ruskin – guitar (on "Medley")
Production notes
John Fahey – liner notes
Tom Davis – engineer
Rob Shread – mastering
Michael Boshears – remixing, mastering
Dee Westlund – art direction
Murry Whiteman – design
John Van Hamersveld – design, illustrations
Kris Needs – liner notes

References

External links
The Fahey Files notes on the songs.

1979 albums
John Fahey (musician) albums
Takoma Records albums


KCB Group Limited, also known as the KCB Group, is a financial services holding company based in the African Great Lakes region. The Group's headquarters are in Nairobi, Kenya, with its subsidiaries being KCB Bank Kenya Limited, KCB Bank Burundi Limited, KCB Bank Rwanda Limited, KCB Bank South Sudan Limited, KCB Bank Tanzania Limited, KCB TMB Congo and KCB Bank Uganda Limited.

Overview
As of December 2017, the Group had assets of US$6.47 Billion (KSh:646.7 Billion) with shareholders' equity of US$1.06 Billion (KSh:US$105.97 billion). In July 2015, news media reported that the group was pursuing expansion plans into the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, and Mozambique.

History
The history of Kenya Commercial Bank Limited dates back to July 1896, when its predecessor, the National Bank of India (NBI), opened a branch in Mombasa to handle the business that the port was attracting at that time.

In 1958, Grindlays Bank merged with the NBI to form the National and Grindlays Bank (NGB). Upon independence, the government of Kenya acquired 60 percent shareholding in NGB in an effort to bring banking closer to the majority of Kenyans. In 1970, the government acquired 100 percent of the shareholding in NGB to take full control of the largest commercial bank in Kenya. NGB was then renamed Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB). In 1972, KCB acquired Savings & Loan Kenya Limited, which specialized in mortgage finance.

In 1988, the first 20 percent of the government's shares in the company were sold through an Initial public offering on the Nairobi Securities exchange. The government has over the years reduced its shareholding to 23.6 percent. In the rights issue of 2010, the government further reduced its shareholding to 17.31 percent.

KCB Tanzania Limited was incorporated in Dar es Salaam in 1997. Since then, KCB has opened 11 more branches in Tanzania. In May 2006, KCB extended its operations to South Sudan following licensing of KCB Sudan. This subsidiary now has over 20 branches in that country. In November 2007, KCB Bank Uganda Limited was opened. KCB currently has 14 branches in Uganda. In December 2008, KCB Rwanda began operations with one branch at Kigali. There are currently 11 branches spread out in the country. In 2012, KCB registered a subsidiary in Burundi, KCB Burundi, becoming the first bank in the region to be presented in all the African Great Lakes countries.

Before 2015, KCB was both a licensed bank and a holding company for its subsidiaries. In compliance with the Kenya Finance Act No. 57 of 2012, KCB Group announced in April 2015 its intention to incorporate a new, wholly owned subsidiary, KCB Bank Kenya Limited, to which it would transfer its Kenyan banking business, assets, and liabilities. The re-organisation converted KCB Group into a non-trading holding company that owns both banking and non-banking subsidiary companies.

Ownership
The shares of KCB Group are listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange under the symbol KCB. The Group's stock is cross listed on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange, the Rwanda Stock Exchange, and the Uganda Securities Exchange.

As of 31 December 2017, the ten largest shareholders in the KCB Group were as listed below:

Governance
The chairman of the bank's board of directors is Andrew Wambari Kairu. Paul Russo is both the managing director and the chief executive officer of the banking group.

Member companies
 KCB Bank Kenya Limited – Nairobi, Kenya
 National Bank of Kenya – Nairobi, Kenya
 BPR Bank Rwanda Plc – Kigali, Rwanda
 KCB Bank South Sudan Limited – Juba, South Sudan
 KCB Bank Tanzania Limited – Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
 KCB Bank Uganda Limited – Kampala, Uganda
KCB Bank Burundi Limited – Bujumbura, Burundi
 Trust Merchant Bank - Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
 KCB Foundation Limited – Nairobi, Kenya
 KCB Sports Sponsorship Limited – Nairobi, Kenya
 Savings & Loan Kenya Limited – Nairobi, Kenya

Branches of subsidiaries

KCB Bank Burundi

Kenya Commercial Bank Burundi Limited is a commercial bank and subsidiary of KCB group in Burundi, licensed by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi, the national banking regulator.    KCB Burundi comprises 0.6 percent of the KCB Group's total assets. It is estimated that the bank's total assets were approximately US$33.6 million (KSh3.34 billion), as of December 2015.

In February 2012, KCB Group received regulatory approval to establish a subsidiary in Burundi.  KCB Burundi commenced provision of banking services on 8 May 2012, having been granted a commercial banking license on 18 April 2012.  With its establishment, KCB became the first financial services group to establish subsidiaries in all countries of the East African Community.

In February 2020, KCB Burundi opened its third branch in the country in Gitega, Burundi's capital. This was after years of stagnation due to political unrest.  , KCB Burundi maintained two branches in Bujumbura, and one in Gitega.

Trust Merchant Bank
In August 2022, KCB Group agreed to acquire 85 percent shareholding in Trust Merchant Bank at "1.49 times the book value".. At that time, the bank was the third-largest bank by assets in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is estimated that the transaction would cost approximately KSh15 billion/= (US$127 million then). KCB also agreed to acquire the remaining 15 percent ownership in the bank, not later than 2024. The deal requires shareholder and regulatory approvals in Kenya and DRCongo.

Kenya Commercial Bank Plaza

In December 2010, construction of a new headquarters building began in the Upper Hill section of Nairobi. Construction is expected to take approximately two years, with anticipated occupancy beginning in January 2013. The new Kenya Commercial Bank Plaza (KCB Plaza) be 21 storeys tall, having about  of rentable office space and enough parking for about 450 cars. The owners of the building are the Kenya Commercial Bank Employee Pension Fund, which is funding the KES:2.1 billion construction.

See also

Kenya Commercial Bank S.C.

References

External links

Banks of Kenya
Companies based in Nairobi
Companies listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange
Companies listed on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the Uganda Securities Exchange
Companies listed on the Rwanda Stock Exchange
1896 establishments in Kenya
Banks established in 1896


Rupeni Fesaitu Varea (born 13 August 1968) is a Rotuman former weightlifter who represented Fiji.

Career
Varea represented Fiji at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games. He finished 17th in the 83 kg division.

Varea was selected as the best performer of the Fiji contingent at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This followed his fifth overall placing in the 85 kg division ahead of New Zealander James Swann with a total lift of 310 kg.

Fijian rugby union centre Ravai Fatiaki is his second cousin.

References

External links

Olympic weightlifters for Fiji
Rotuman people
Weightlifters at the 1996 Summer Olympics
1968 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Fijian male weightlifters
Weightlifters at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for Fiji


This page shows the results of the Men's Wrestling Competition at the 1979 Pan American Games, held from July 1 to July 15, 1979, in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Men's Freestyle

Freestyle (– 48 kg)

Freestyle (– 52 kg)

Freestyle (– 57 kg)

Freestyle (– 62 kg)

Freestyle (– 68 kg)

Freestyle (– 74 kg)

Freestyle (– 82 kg)

Freestyle (– 90 kg)

Freestyle (– 100 kg)

Freestyle (+ 100 kg)

Men's Greco-Roman

Greco-Roman (– 48 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 52 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 57 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 62 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 68 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 74 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 82 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 90 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 100 kg)

Greco-Roman (+ 100 kg)

Medal table

See also
 Wrestling at the 1980 Summer Olympics

References
 Sports 123

1979 Pan American Games
P
1979
Wrestling in Puerto Rico


Albert Lea Municipal Airport  is three miles (6 km) north of Albert Lea, in Freeborn County, Minnesota, United States.

Albert Lea Municipal Airport was granted over $3 million through several federal funds to relocate the main runway in the early 2010's. The first funding announcement was followed by another announcement about a grant to rehabilitate the crosswind runway. Work began in 2011 and was completed within a year. The old runway, which parallels the new runway, was converted to serve as the new runway's taxiway. The cost of making the additions and redoing the old pieces of the airport runway totaled $9,500,000.00. This allowed the Albert Lea Municipal Airport to finally have a 5,000 foot runway.

Later on, in July 2017, it was reported that the Albert Lea Municipal Airport was awarded more than $766,000 by the U.S. Dept. of Transportation. This money was used for the construction of a 4,300 sq ft. airport arrival and departure building and parking lot. A month later, in August 2017, it was reported that the Albert Lea City Council unanimously authorized their last three funding agreements. It was noted that the U.S. Dept. of Transportation funded $766,00, the State funded $948,300.00, and the City of Albert Lea paid $436,500 for the project. The overall estimated cost of the project was around $2,150,000.00 which was noted as slightly higher than the bid from a previous year. The project was completed in the summer of 2018.

Facilities
The airport covers  at an elevation of 1,261 feet (384 m). It has two asphalt runways: 17/35 is 5,000 by 100 feet (1,524 x 30 m) and 5/23 is 2,898 by 75 feet (883 x 23 m).

In the year ending June 30, 2020, the airport had 26,175 aircraft operations, average 72 per day: 91% general aviation, 8% air taxi and 1% military. 37 aircraft were then based at the airport: 32 single-engine, 3 multi-engine, 1 jet and 1 helicopter.

Soaring contests
Albert Lea Airport hosts soaring contests, usually the week after Mother's Day in May.  The airport is the only site in the United States to have hosted all seven classes of glider competition.

 1992 U.S. Region 7 Contest
 1993 1-26 Championships
 1995 U.S. Sports Class Nationals
 1997 U.S. 15 meter Nationals
 1999 U.S. World Class Nationals and Region 7 Contest
 2002 U.S. Region 7 Contest
 2005 U.S. Region 7 Contest
 2007 U.S. Open Class Nationals, 18 meter Nationals, and Region 7 Sport Class Contest
2015 U.S. Region 7 Contest
2016 U.S. Region 7 Contest
2018 U.S. Region 7 Contest
2019 U.S. 20 meter Multi-place Nationals and Region 7 Contest

From 1990 to 2008 Albert Lea was the host site for the International Aerobatic Club Doug Yost Challenge Aerobatic Competition. This contest was moved to Spencer, Iowa due to construction in the area needed for the contest.

See also
List of airports in Minnesota

References

External links
 Aerial photo as of 17 April 1991 from USGS The National Map

Airports in Minnesota
Buildings and structures in Freeborn County, Minnesota
Transportation in Freeborn County, Minnesota


Garrett Brock Trapnell (January 31, 1938 – September 7, 1993) was a con man, bank robber, and aircraft hijacker of the 1960s and early 1970s. Trapnell robbed a string of banks in Canada, frequently posed as an agent of the Central Intelligence Agency, masterminded a $100,000 jewelry store heist in Freeport, Bahamas, and simultaneously maintained marriages with at least six women. When arrested for his crimes, he frequently feigned madness and successfully used the insanity defense to be committed to mental institutions, from which he would later escape or be released on the grounds that he was no longer dangerous. While serving life imprisonment for the hijacking of a passenger airliner in 1972, he was the subject of a book, The Fox Is Crazy Too, written by journalist Eliot Asinof.

A lifelong smoker, he died at the United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in Springfield, Missouri after developing emphysema.

Hijacking and trial
On January 28, 1972, Trapnell, using a .45 caliber pistol he had smuggled aboard inside a plaster cast on his arm, hijacked TWA Flight #2 on a flight from Los Angeles to New York while over Chicago. Trapnell demanded $306,800 in cash (to recoup the loss of a recent court case), the release of Angela Davis (as well as that of a friend of his who was also imprisoned), and a formal pardon from President Richard Nixon. The FBI was able to retake the aircraft during a crew switch at Kennedy Airport; Trapnell was shot and wounded but no one else was hurt. Trapnell's skyjacking came after a string of similar domestic incidents (especially Cuba-bound hijackings) and was directly responsible for an overhaul of security procedures by the Federal Aviation Administration that remained in place until the September 11 attacks almost 30 years later.

At trial he pleaded insanity, claiming that he suffered from multiple personality disorder and schizophrenia and that the hijacking was actually committed by an alter ego named "Greg Ross." This position was discredited when the prosecution produced audio recordings from an interview with Trapnell, recorded months before the hijacking, in which he had boasted to a journalist of his skill at faking insanity. Nevertheless, the trial still ended in a hung jury when a lone juror (a social worker by profession) held out for acquittal. At his retrial four months later, however, he was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. His subsequent incarceration at USP Marion, the first federal supermax prison, was marked by continued scheming and criminal endeavour.

Attempted breakouts
On May 24, 1978 his friend, 43-year-old Barbara Ann Oswald, hijacked a St. Louis-based charter helicopter and forced the pilot to land in the yard at USP Marion, where Trapnell was serving his sentence. While landing the aircraft the pilot, Allen Barklage, who was a Vietnam veteran, struggled with Oswald and managed to wrestle the gun away from her. Barklage then shot and killed Oswald, thwarting the escape. In addition to Trapnell, another inmate involved in the escape was Martin J. McNally, who had hijacked a St. Louis-Tulsa American Airlines Flight on June 23, 1972 and demanded $502,500 before jumping out of a Boeing 727 over Peru, Indiana. Barklage died in a helicopter crash on September 19, 1998, succumbing to his wounds on September 25, and McNally was paroled on January 27, 2010.
 According to Eddie G. Griffin, an author, former member of the Black Panther Party, and convicted bank robber who was incarcerated at Marion at the time, Trapnell was placed under a "no human contact" order following the attempted escape and spent most of the remainder of his life in solitary confinement.

On December 21, 1978 Robin Oswald, the 17-year-old daughter of Barbara Ann Oswald, hijacked TWA Flight 541 and demanded that Trapnell be freed or she would detonate dynamite that was strapped to her body. Robin Oswald was remembered by the hostages aboard the flight as a "beautiful girl" with a serious demeanor, who never exhibited any signs of nervousness. FBI negotiators were able to free the passengers and induce her to surrender with no injuries or deaths. The bomb that was strapped to her chest later emerged to be a set of railroad flares wired to what appeared to be a doorbell. Robin Oswald was charged as a juvenile with charges not being announced as is the law in Illinois.

Bibliography

1938 births
1993 deaths
20th-century American criminals
American bank robbers
American confidence tricksters
American escapees
American kidnappers
American people convicted of robbery
American people who died in prison custody
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1972
Criminals from Massachusetts
Deaths from emphysema
Fugitives
Hijackers
People from Brockton, Massachusetts
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States federal government
Prisoners who died in United States federal government detention


Murphy Lake (also, Horseshoe Lake) is a lake in Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. Murphy Lake lies at an elevation of 1332 feet (406 m).  Maximum depth is about . Murphy Lake is approximately 18 miles north of Grand Rapids.

Known fish spices in Murphy Lake include Northern Pike, Rock Bass, Perch, and (grey) Suckers.  Wild rice does not grow in Murphy Lake.

In addition to numerous springs, water flows into Murphy Lake from the northeast from Arrowhead Lake.  Water flows out of Murphy Lake via a creek on the south side and flows into the Hanson Lake chain of lakes.

A public access on the west side of Murphy Lake is accessible from the Murphy Lake Road which perpendicularly adjoins Itasca County Road 49 (Spider Lake Road).  Another access road on the east side of Murphy Lake also serves access to the south side of Arrowhead Lake.  The only privately owned parcel is on the north side of the lake.

References

Minnesota DNR: Lake information report

Lakes of Minnesota
Lakes of Itasca County, Minnesota


Alfonso Balzico (18 October 1825 – 3 February 1901) was an Italian sculptor. He was born in Cava de' Tirreni, near Salerno in Italy and died in Rome.

Biography
After completing studies in literature, he began sculpting in wood, then marble, and was then awarded a stipend to study at the Academy of the Arts in Naples. In Naples, he won a silver medal and a further award for his submission of a clay model of Procris dying in the Arms of Cephalus, which he presented to the Provincial Council of Salerno. Another prize was awarded to his bas-relief of Angel escorts St Peter out of Prison. He then went to Rome and finished a Flavio Gioia, Return of Dinah and Jacob, a St John the Baptist, a Virgin of the Purity, and a Noli me tangere.

He then traveled to Milan and Florence in 1858 and 1860, where his views turned away from Neoclassicism towards realism and romanticism. He returned to Naples, but his works attracted the attention of Victor Emmanuel II, the King of Italy. He sculpted statues depicting the Naive and the Poor; Revenge; and an Owl. He moved to Turin, where he was commissioned a monument to Massimo d'Azeglio as well as a highly dynamic equestrian monument to Prince Ferdinando, Duke of Genoa, where the Prince attempts to stand up in mid-battle, while his wounded horse falls. He also sculpted a Cleopatra, and helped design coins and medals. He painted several portraits and sculpted busts of the Crown Prince of Portugal, Prince Napoleon, and Costantino Nigra. In 1866, he became the sculptor of the House of Savoy. In 1875, he went to Rome, and in 1900, his statue of Flavio Gioja won the gold medal at the Exposition Universelle, Paris, one year before his death.

References

External links

 Art Encyclopedia

1825 births
1901 deaths
19th-century Italian sculptors
Italian male sculptors
People from Cava de' Tirreni
Artists from Campania
Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli alumni
19th-century Italian male artists


Filodes is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was described by Achille Guenée in 1854.

Species
Filodes baratalis Holland, 1900
Filodes bilinealis Hampson, 1908
Filodes cocytusalis Walker, 1859
Filodes costivitralis Guenée, 1862
Filodes decoloralis Snellen, 1899
Filodes fulvibasalis Hampson, 1898
Filodes fulvidorsalis Hübner, 1832
Filodes malgassalis Mabille, 1900
Filodes mirificalis Lederer, 1863
Filodes normalis Hampson, 1912
Filodes obscuralis Strand, 1920
Filodes patruelis Moore, 1888
Filodes sexpunctalis Snellen, 1890
Filodes tenuimarginalis Hampson, 1918
Filodes xanthalis Hampson, 1898

Former species
Filodes abnormalis Plötz, 1880
Filodes adustalis Ghesquière, 1942
Filodes alboterminalis Kenrick, 1917

References
 Encyclopedia of Life - Filodes

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Achille Guenée


Ruth Schmid is a Swiss orienteering competitor. She won a bronze medal in the relay at the World Orienteering Championships in 1981, together with Annelies Meier, Irene Bucher and Ruth Humbel.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Swiss orienteers
Female orienteers
Foot orienteers
World Orienteering Championships medalists


This page shows the results of the Men's Wrestling Competition at the 1983 Pan American Games, held from August 14 to August 29, 1983, in Caracas, Venezuela.

Men's competition

Freestyle (– 48 kg)

Freestyle (– 52 kg)

Freestyle (– 57 kg)

Freestyle (– 62 kg)

Freestyle (– 68 kg)

Freestyle (– 74 kg)

Freestyle (– 82 kg)

Freestyle (– 90 kg)

Medal table

References
 Sports 123

P
1983
Events at the 1983 Pan American Games
Wrestling in Venezuela


Fissicrambus is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Fissicrambus adonis Bleszynski, 1963
Fissicrambus albilineellus (Fernald, 1893)
Fissicrambus alexanor Bleszynski, 1963
Fissicrambus artos Bleszynski, 1963
Fissicrambus briseis Bleszynski, 1963
Fissicrambus fissiradiellus (Walker, 1863)
Fissicrambus haytiellus (Zincken, 1821)
Fissicrambus hemiochrellus (Zeller, 1877)
Fissicrambus hirundellus Bleszynski, 1967
Fissicrambus intermedius (Kearfott, 1908)
Fissicrambus minuellus (Walker, 1863)
Fissicrambus mutabilis (Clemens, 1860)
Fissicrambus orion Bleszynski, 1963
Fissicrambus porcellus Bleszynski, 1967
Fissicrambus profanellus (Walker, 1866)
Fissicrambus quadrinotellus (Zeller, 1877)
Fissicrambus verselias Bleszynski, 1963

References

Crambini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Stanisław Błeszyński


Flavocrambus is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Flavocrambus aridellus (South in Leech & South, 1901)
Flavocrambus melaneurus (Hampson, 1919)
Flavocrambus picassensis Bleszynski, 1965
Flavocrambus striatellus (Leech, 1889)

References

Crambinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Stanisław Błeszyński


The ITF Women's Circuit is the second tier tour for women's professional tennis organised by the International Tennis Federation, and is the tier below the WTA Tour. In 2006, the ITF Women's Circuit included tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 to $75,000.

The ITF world champions in 2006 were Justine Henin (senior singles), Lisa Raymond / Samantha Stosur (senior doubles) and Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova (combined junior ranking).

Tournament breakdown by event category

Tournament breakdown by region

Singles titles by nation

This list displays only the top 20 nations in terms of singles titles wins.

Sources
List of ITF World Champions
2006 ITF statistics summary
ITF pro circuit titles won by nations players in 2006

References

External links
International Tennis Federation (ITF) official website

ITF Women's World Tennis Tour
ITF Circuit
2006 in women's tennis


Framinghamia is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae described by Embrik Strand in 1920. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species, Framinghamia helvalis. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alberta to New Brunswick, south to Utah, Texas and Florida. The type locality is Framingham, Massachusetts.

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Monotypic moth genera
Taxa named by Embrik Strand


Frechinia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Frechinia criddlealis (Munroe, 1951)
Frechinia helianthiales (Murtfeldt, 1897)
Frechinia laetalis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1914)
Frechinia lutosalis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1914)
Frechinia texanalis Munroe, 1961

Former species
Frechinia murmuralis (Dyar, 1917)

References

Odontiini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Eugene G. Munroe


Fredia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Fredia tchahbaharia, which is found in Iran.

References

Cybalomiinae
Taxa named by Hans Georg Amsel
Monotypic moth genera
Crambidae genera


Annelies Meier is a Swiss orienteering competitor. She won a bronze medal in the relay at the World Orienteering Championships in Thun in 1981, together with Ruth Schmid, Irene Bucher and Ruth Humbel.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Swiss orienteers
Female orienteers
Foot orienteers
World Orienteering Championships medalists


Friedlanderia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Friedlanderia cicatricella (Hübner, 1824)
Friedlanderia phaeochorda (Turner, 1911)

References

Haimbachiini
Crambidae genera


This page shows the results of the Men's Wrestling Competition at the 1987 Pan American Games, held from August 7 to August 23, 1987, in Indianapolis, United States.

Men's competition

Freestyle (– 48 kg)

Freestyle (– 52 kg)

Freestyle (– 57 kg)

Freestyle (– 62 kg)

Freestyle (– 68 kg)

Freestyle (– 74 kg)

Freestyle (– 82 kg)

Freestyle (– 90 kg)

Medal table

References
 Sports 123

Events at the 1987 Pan American Games
1987
P
International wrestling competitions hosted by the United States


Fumibotys is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae which was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1976. Its single species, Fumibotys fumalis, the mint root borer moth, described by Achille Guenée in 1854, is found in most of North America.

References

Pyraustinae
Monotypic moth genera
Crambidae genera
Moths of North America
Taxa named by Eugene G. Munroe


Furcivena is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Furcivena cyanoxantha Meyrick, 1933
Furcivena dialithalis Hampson, 1917
Furcivena euclidialis (Hampson, 1906)
Furcivena rhodoneurialis Hampson, 1898
Furcivena strigiferalis Hampson, 1896

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by George Hampson


Gadessa is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Gadessa albifrons Moore, 1886
Gadessa nilusalis (Walker, 1859)
Gadessa ossea Butler, 1889

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Frederic Moore


Gadira is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. This genus is endemic to New Zealand.

Taxonomy
This species was first described by Francis Walker in 1866 and named Gadira. The type species of this genus is Gadira acerella by original monotypy.

Description
Walker originally described this genus as follows:

Species
The species found in this genus are:
Gadira acerella Walker, 1866
Gadira leucophthalma (Meyrick, 1882)
Gadira petraula (Meyrick, 1882)

References

Crambinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Endemic moths of New Zealand


Galadra is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Francis Walker in 1865. It contains only one species, Galadra rhomboidata, described by the same author in the same year, which is found in New Guinea.

References

Acentropinae
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of New Guinea
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)


Fredrik Belfrage (born Knut Fredrik Åkesson Belfrage; 29 July 1949, in Växjö) is a Swedish TV and radio presenter and sports reporter. He is the son of the dentist Åke Belfrage (1915–1985) and Vera Maria, born Vange (1914–1984). He is descended from a noble family of Scottish origin, and wears a tie in his clan tartan.

Belfrage has presented numerous series such as the well-known Melodifestivalen (heats for the Eurovision Song Contest), Gomorron Sverige, Bell & Bom, Prat i Kvadrat, Tipsextra, Lilla Sportspegeln and Vinna eller försvinna. He was initially involved in the 2009–10 revival of Här är ditt liv, the Swedish programme based on This Is Your Life, but left after a dispute with Sveriges Television.

References

External links

Official site

Swedish television personalities
Living people
1949 births
Swedish sports broadcasters
Swedish people of Scottish descent
Eurovision commentators


Gargela is a genus of moths in the subfamily Crambinae of the family Crambidae. The genus currently comprises 22 Austral-Asian species, of which the majority has been described in recent years. Many species remain to be described, with their total number probably being around 40 species.

Species

 Gargela albidusa Song, Chen & Wu, 2009
 Gargela apicalis (Pagenstecher, 1900)
 Gargela arcualis Hampson, 1906
 Gargela bilineata Song, Chen & Wu, 2009
 Gargela chrysias (Meyrick, 1897)
 Gargela cuprealis Hampson, 1906
 Gargela distigma Song, Chen & Wu, 2009
 Gargela furca Song, Chen & Wu, 2009
 Gargela fuscusa Song, Chen & Wu, 2009
 Gargela grandispinata Li in Yang, Jie & Li, 2019
 Gargela hainana Song, Chen & Wu, 2009
 Gargela hastatela Song, Chen & Wu, 2009
 Gargela minuta Song, Chen & Wu, 2009
 Gargela niphostola Hampson, 1917
 Gargela obliquivitta Hampson, 1917
 Gargela polyacantha Li in Yang, Jie & Li, 2019
 Gargela quadrispinula Song, Chen & Wu, 2009
 Gargela renatusalis (Walker, 1859)
 Gargela subpurella (Walker, 1864)
 Gargela trilinealis (Hampson, 1897)
 Gargela xanthocasis (Meyrick, 1897)
 Gargela xizangensis Song, Chen & Wu, 2009

References

Crambinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)


Geshna is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1906. It contains only one species, Geshna cannalis, the lesser canna leafroller, described by Altus Lacy Quaintance in 1898. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Florida, Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina and Tennessee. It has also been recorded from Costa Rica and Cuba.

The wingspan is 20–25 mm. Adults are light brown with two brownish-black lines across the forewings and hindwings, as well as a small angular white patch near the distal portion of the discal cell on the forewings. Adults are on wing from February to May, from July to August and from November to December.

The larvae feed on Canna species. Young larvae mine the leaves of their host plant, creating a mine between the upper and lower epidermis. The mine is filled with frass. Young larvae reach a length of about 1.4 mm. They have a yellowish, somewhat transparent body and a yellow head. Older larvae feed gregariously on the upper leaf surface and later roll a leaf of their host plant. Up to six larvae may live within a single leaf roll. Last instar larvae reach a length of about 23 mm. They are yellowish white with a yellow head. Pupation takes place in a silken shelter within the leaf roll.

References

Spilomelinae
Monotypic moth genera
Taxa named by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr.
Moths of North America
Crambidae genera


This page shows the results of the Men's Wrestling Competition at the 1991 Pan American Games, held from August 2 to August 18, 1991, in Havana, Cuba. The Greco-Roman category was notable as it featured a gold medal performance by Randy Couture, who would later become a multi-time world champion in the UFC. The event also featured a gold medal performance by Mark Coleman, who would later become the first UFC Heavyweight champion.

Men's Freestyle

Freestyle (– 48 kg)

Freestyle (– 52 kg)

Freestyle (– 57 kg)

Freestyle (– 62 kg)

Freestyle (– 68 kg)

Freestyle (– 74 kg)

Freestyle (– 82 kg)

Freestyle (– 90 kg)

Freestyle (– 100 kg)

Freestyle (– 130 kg)

Men's Greco-Roman

Greco-Roman (– 48 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 52 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 57 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 62 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 68 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 74 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 82 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 90 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 100 kg)

Greco-Roman (– 130 kg)

Medal table

See also
 Wrestling at the 1992 Summer Olympics

References
 Sports 123

Events at the 1991 Pan American Games
P
1991
Wrestling in Cuba


Gesneria is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Gesneria centuriella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
Gesneria rindgeorum Munroe, 1972

References

Scopariinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner


Gethosyne is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Gethosyne aequivocalis, which is found in Meghalaya, in Northeast India. Its type locality is the Khasi Hills.

References

Spilomelinae
Taxa named by William Warren (entomologist)
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Asia
Crambidae genera


Ghesquierellana is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Ghesquierellana hirtusalis (Walker, 1859)
Ghesquierellana johnstoni (Tams, 1941)
Ghesquierellana phialusalis (Walker, 1859)
Ghesquierellana tessellalis (Gaede, 1917)
Ghesquierellana thaumasia Munroe, 1959

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera


With Lee in Virginia, A Story of the American Civil War (1890) is a book by British author G.A. Henty. It was published by Blackie and Son Ltd, London. Henty's character, Vincent Wingfield, fights for the Confederate States of America, even though he is against slavery. As suggested by the title, he is primarily with the Army of Northern Virginia. Henty's novel has been cited by some
literary historians as an example of British right-wingers' sympathy for the Confederate cause; discussing With Lee in Virginia,
Jeffrey Richards cites the book as "significantly pro-Southern". Henty defends slavery throughout the
novel, stating although slavery was capable of "abominable" cruelty under brutal masters,
"..taken all in all, the negroes on a well-ordered estate, under kind masters, were probably a happier class of people than the laborers upon any estate in Europe." At the novel's end, Henty has the Wingfield family's
former slaves return and continue working for their former owners:
The negroes, however, for the most part remained steadily working on the estate. A few wandered away, but their places were easily filled; for the majority of the freed slaves very soon discovered that their lot was a far harder one than it had been before, and that freedom so suddenly given was a curse rather than a blessing to them.
Richards cites the novel as an example of Henty's belief in the "incapacity" of blacks and notes that
With Lee In Virginia argues that  "a system of slavery is acceptable so long as the slave owners treat their slaves decently and humanely". Nathaniel Cadle claims With Lee in Virginia's plot works
to  "romanticize and oversimplify the relationship between white Confederate slave owners and their black chattel."

The book has been lauded by the right-wing, Neo-Confederate magazine
Southern Partisan, who described With Lee in Virginia as "the sort of book Southern Partisan readers ought to pass on to their own sons. The politics of sectional conflict aren't oversimplified, but the bias is one Southern Partisan readers are likely to applaud".

Adaptation
The book was adapted into an audio theater production in 2015, starring the voices of Kirk Cameron, Sean Astin, and Chris Anthony.

References

External links

  (alternate text

1890 children's books
1890 British novels
19th-century British children's literature
Novels set during the American Civil War
British children's novels
British historical novels
Children's historical novels
Novels by G. A. Henty
Novels set in Virginia
Victorian novels


Irene Bucher is a Swiss orienteering competitor. She won a bronze medal in the relay at the World Orienteering Championships in Thun in 1981, together with Ruth Schmid, Annelies Meier and Ruth Humbel.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Swiss orienteers
Female orienteers
Foot orienteers
World Orienteering Championships medalists
20th-century Swiss women


Gibeauxia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Gibeauxia gibeauxi, which is found in French Guiana.

References

Scopariinae
Crambidae genera
Monotypic moth genera


Giorgia is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by John Frederick Gates Clarke in 1965. It contains only one species, Giorgia crena, described by the same author in the same year from the Juan Fernandez Archipelago in Chile.

References

Acentropinae
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of South America
Crambidae genera
Endemic fauna of Chile


Abéné (also called Abene, Abémé, or Abeme) is a village in the rural community of Kafountine, Kataba Arrondissement, Bignona Department, Ziguinchor Region, in the Basse Casamance area of south-west Senegal. It is located on the Atlantic coast.

Geography
The nearest towns are Folonko, Allahein, Niafourang, Kabadio, Kérouané, Albreda, Kafountine, and Diana.

Population
According to PEPAM (Water and Sanitation Program for the Millennium), there were 1935 people and 269 households in Abéné at the 2002 census.

Economy
With its beautiful beaches, local tourism is growing rapidly. A djembe festival called Abéné Festivalo is organized in the village every year.

External links
 Maps, weather and airports for Abene
 Abene Festivalo
 Abéné on the PEPAM website

Populated places in the Bignona Department


This page shows the results of the Men's Wrestling Competition at the 1995 Pan American Games, held from March 11 to March 26, 1995, in Mar del Plata, Argentina.

Freestyle

Greco-Roman

Medal table

See also
 Wrestling at the 1996 Summer Olympics

References
 Sports 123

Events at the 1995 Pan American Games
P
1995
International wrestling competitions hosted by Argentina


The Royal Osteoporosis Society (ROS), formerly the National Osteoporosis Society, established in 1986, is the only UK-wide charity dedicated to improving the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. It is based in Camerton, Somerset, England.

By the 1990s, the charity received a significant increase in membership, and its campaigns were making the disease better known in the UK. Through the organisation, the number of bone scanning units in the country has increased.

The website states: "We provide information, support and networks for people living with osteoporosis, and work with healthcare systems to improve diagnosis and care. Our sight is firmly set on a future where no one is affected by osteoporosis."

Purpose
The charity focuses on the bone disease osteoporosis, which is a fragile bone condition and can lead to painful and debilitating broken bones, particularly of the wrist, hip and spine. Broken bones are also known as fractures. Often these occur from just a minor bump or fall and many such breaks could have been prevented with earlier diagnosis and treatment.

The society works on behalf of all those affected by the condition, to raise awareness and understanding of osteoporosis among the general public and health professionals. Its aim is to prevent future fractures and help and support people living with the condition today.

It is estimated that over three million people in Britain are affected by osteoporosis, causing around 500,000 broken bones every year.

History
The charity was set up in Somerset in 1986 by Professor Allan Dixon and Linda Edwards. Its goal was raising awareness and fighting for those affected by osteoporosis. In 1987, membership of the new organisation grew by 2,000. The charity held its first scientific conference on osteoporosis and bone health in 1988, an annual event that continues today, attracting hundreds of health professionals.

Membership reached 13,500 in 1991 as increasing numbers of people affected by osteoporosis joined the charity for help and support. In 1992, the charity launched its telephone helpline with two specialist osteoporosis nurses. 1993 saw the charity develop its first education pack for schools, with the focus on helping people to build stronger bones. The following year, 50,000 leaflets about osteoporosis and bone health were sent to fracture clinics in hospitals across the UK. In 1996, the charity launched its first Research Appeal to fund ground-breaking research into osteoporosis and in 1997, the charity went online with its first website.

Queen Camilla has been president of the charity since 2001. Ambassadors include Dr Miriam Stoppard OBE, Miriam Margolyes OBE, Craig Revel Horwood, Susan Hampshire CBE, and Diana Moran BEM. Additionally, Professor Neil Gittoes BSc PhD FRCP, Consultant Endocrinologist, is a Trustee and Chair of the Clinical and Scientific Committee.

The charity was formerly known as the National Osteoporosis Society. On 23 September 2018, the charity announced that it had a rare Royal title approved by Queen Elizabeth II. In February 2019, the charity formally recognised its change of name to the Royal Osteoporosis Society with a launch event at the Science Museum in London.

Organisation

Activities and programmes
In 2006, the charity launched a programme to provide mobile DXA scanning trucks, thanks to a donation from The Grand Lodge of Mark Master Masons. This developed into the Osteoporosis Scanning Services Development Project (OSSDP), providing funding for 14 separate projects in England and Wales.
Separate manifestos for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland were launched in 2009, setting out steps to improve the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care of osteoporosis. In 2010, 375,000 free information leaflets were sent out in response to enquiries from members and health professionals. At an event, the charity announced the launch of the Osteoporosis and Bone Research Academy. The Osteoporosis and Bone Research Academy is the first dedicated academy for osteoporosis. It is a collaborative venture with patients at its heart, which brings together leading researchers, clinicians and academics in the field to advance scientific knowledge and work towards a cure for the condition.

In 2014, the charity's drive to create more Fracture Liaison Services (FLS) across the UK, in partnership with local NHS A&E and orthopaedic departments, was set up to identify patients who have had a fracture and might be at risk of osteoporosis, then appropriately treating and referring patients. Fracture Liaison Services (FLS) systematically identify, treat, monitor and refer to appropriate services all patients aged over 50 years within a local population who have suffered a fragility fracture, with the aim of reducing their risk of subsequent fractures.
The charity is working to establish UK-wide coverage of FLS, and aims to ensure that every person aged over 50 who breaks a bone is assessed for osteoporosis and managed appropriately through an FLS.

In 2016, the charity's income totalled more than £4.8 million.
The same year, the Duchess of Cornwall wrote to British astronaut Tim Peake, thanking him for his help in osteoporosis research during his time in space. The work undertaken was designed to help researchers develop interventions to prevent bone loss and to help future space travellers as well as people living with osteoporosis on Earth.

In 2019, it marked two significant moments for the charity – it is the 25th anniversary since the Royal Osteoporosis Society, the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (now IOF) and the World Health Organization announced the landmark decision on how to clinically define osteoporosis across the world. It also marked 25 years since Royal Osteoporosis Society president, Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall, started her longstanding association with the charity.

Campaigns
In 1998, the charity worked with students from the London College of Fashion to host a fashion show highlighting the problems of finding great looking clothes to fit people with osteoporosis. The following year, Dr Miriam Stoppard OBE became an ambassador of the charity helping to raise awareness of the condition and actor Ross Kemp lent his support in launching the charity's Bone Friendly Logo, raising awareness of products beneficial to bone health. In 2000, the charity's national TV ad campaign titled 'It could happen to you' was seen by millions of people.

In 2006, the Duchess of Cornwall launched the Big Bone walk campaign, which she led approximately 90 children and osteoporosis sufferers for a 10-mile walk and climb around Loch Muick at the Balmoral Estate in Scotland to raise money for the charity. The campaign raised £200,000 and continues almost every year as one of the fundraisers for the charity.

In 2008, Craig Revel Horwood and Dr Miriam Stoppard OBE fronted the charity's ‘Boogie for Your Bones’ awareness campaign about building strong bones through dance. The 'Sunlight' campaign was launched in 2013 advising people about the bone-building benefits of safe exposure to the sun. Over 5,000 healthcare professionals downloaded the influential Vitamin D and Bone Health clinical guidance/guidelines from the campaign.

In 2017, the charity's most recent awareness campaign was launched, A Message to My Younger Self. Designed to start the conversation about bone health between the generations, the campaign focuses on the two key themes of Nutrition and Exercise. People were also invited to share a message to their younger selves, about the importance of building strong and healthy bones during childhood and adolescence. Launched in April, the campaign prompted wide scale interest and debate in the national press.

Funding
In 1998, the first government strategy on osteoporosis launched following years of campaigning.
In 2003, the charity's network of local Support Groups reached 130. The groups, run by dedicated volunteers, worked to build awareness and offer support in their local communities. The charity's 10th annual conference in 2004 attracted almost 900 scientists and clinicians. As a result of a 2004 inquiry report by an All Party Group of MPs and politicians with an interest in osteoporosis, the Government announced £20 million extra funding for DXA bone density scanners in England in 2005.

In 2007, the charity launched a further Research Appeal to fund research into osteoporosis. In the same year, 24,000 people signed the charity's petition to call on the Prime Minister to review government guidance that recommended one type of treatment that one-quarter of people were unable to take. The petition was delivered to Downing Street, generating wide-scale publicity and media coverage.

To enable them to continue to drive forward engagement with FLS, the charity have set a fundraising target of £4m over the next 5 years, which will help to ensure all patients receive the same care and treatment across the UK through increased provision of FLS.

Research and awards
The Royal Osteoporosis Society supports ground-breaking and pioneering research aimed at improving the prevention, diagnosis treatment of osteoporosis.

The charity has invested over £5 million in more than 130 projects which have enhanced knowledge and understanding of osteoporosis, leading to significant improvements in diagnosis and treatment.

Results from research funded by the charity which looked at the positive effects of hopping on the bone health of older men, were widely reported in the national media. Updates on the research funded by the charity were published in some of the UK's leading scientific journals during 2015, ensuring visibility of the charity's work in the bone health community.

Research Strategy
The charity launched its new Research Strategy in October 2017. The Research Strategy aspires to progress the Charity's four key aims to Care, Support, Prevent and Cure osteoporosis, and reinforces the charity's commitment to drive their research agenda through:
 Funding high-quality research
 Influencing and partnering with key bone health funders
 Supporting the next generation of osteoporosis research leaders
 Engaging the public with osteoporosis research

The Duchess of Cornwall Award
The Duchess of Cornwall Award was created by the charity in 2009. It recognises an individual for their outstanding contribution to the field of osteoporosis, in any of the following areas:
 Clinical achievement and advancements
 Research
 Management and Leadership (progressed the National Osteoporosis Society and the osteoporosis agenda either *nationally or internationally)
 Voluntary achievements
 Contribution to the overall aims of the National Osteoporosis Society

Recipients to date have included:
 Professor Cyrus Cooper: Inaugural Duchess of Cornwall Award (2009)
 Susan Hampshire CBE (2011)
 Professor David Marsh, Emeritus Professor of Clinical Orthopaedics at University College London (2016)
 ROS volunteer Christine Sharp (2020)

References

External links

Skeletal disorders
1986 establishments in England
Health charities in the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 1986
Bath and North East Somerset
Charities based in Somerset
Organisations based in Somerset with royal patronage


Broadway Across America (BAA) is a presenter and producer of live theatrical events in the United States and Canada since 1982. It is currently owned by the John Gore Organization (formerly Key Brand Entertainment), which purchased it from Live Nation in 2008.

Through its network of presenting partners, BAA presents touring Broadway shows, family productions, and other live shows in over 40 North American venues. In 2008, Broadway Across America and its subsidiary Broadway Across Canada sold over 6.4 million tickets throughout its 40 theatres in the United States and Canada.

Acquisitions
 1988: Zev Buffman Theatricals  — Miami Beach, Fort Lauderdale, Palm Beach, Orlando, Tampa, St. Petersburg
 1994: Theatre League of Atlanta — Atlanta
1998: Magicworks Entertainment — Salt Lake City
1998: American Artists — Boston
2000: Jujamcyn Productions — Minneapolis, Baltimore, Omaha, Portland, Milwaukee
2007: operations at Music Hall — Kansas City
2011: theatre at Peabody Opera House — St. Louis

Venues
As of October 2016, Broadway Across America presents shows at the following venues in the United States:

 Appleton, Wisconsin: Fox Cities
 Atlanta, Georgia: Fox Theatre
 Austin, Texas: Bass Concert Hall
 Baltimore, Maryland: Hippodrome Theatre
 Boston, Massachusetts: Boston Opera House, and Charles Playhouse
 Cincinnati, Ohio: Aronoff Center
 Columbus, Ohio: Ohio Theatre and Palace Theatre
 Fort Lauderdale, Florida: Broward Center and Parker Playhouse
 Houston, Texas: Hobby Center
 Indianapolis, Indiana: Clowes Memorial Hall, and Murat Theatre at Old National Centre
 Jacksonville, Florida: Times-Union Center
 Kansas City, Missouri: Municipal Auditorium
 Louisville, Kentucky: The Kentucky Center
 Madison, Wisconsin: Overture Center
 Miami, Florida: Adrienne Arsht Center
 Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Marcus Center
 Minneapolis, Minnesota: Orpheum Theatre, Pantages Theatre, and State Theatre
 New Orleans, Louisiana: Jackson Theater and Saenger Theatre
 Omaha, Nebraska: Orpheum Theatre
 Orange County, California: Segerstrom Center
 Orlando, Florida: Phillips Center
 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Benedum Center and Heinz Hall
 Portland, Oregon: Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall and Keller Auditorium
 Salt Lake City, Utah: Abravanel Hall, Capitol Theatre, Eccles Theater, and Kingsbury Hall
 San Antonio, Texas: Majestic Theatre
 Seattle, Washington: Paramount Theatre
 St Louis, Missouri: Peabody Opera House
 Tempe, Arizona: ASU Gammage

Notes

References

External links
 Broadway Across America
 Key Brand Entertainment, Inc.
Performing groups established in 1984
1984 establishments in New York (state)


Ruth Baumberger is a Swiss orienteering competitor. She competed at the 1974 World Orienteering Championships in Viborg, where she placed 11th in the individual contest, and fourth in the relay with the Swiss team. She participated on the Swiss team at the 1976 World Championships in Aviemore, where they placed sixth in the relay. At the World Championships in Kongsberg in 1978 she placed seventh in the individual course, and won a bronze medal in the relay, together with Ruth Humbel and Hanni Fries.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Swiss orienteers
Female orienteers
Foot orienteers
World Orienteering Championships medalists
20th-century Swiss women


The John Gore Organization (JGO), formerly known as Key Brand Entertainment (KBE), is a producer and distributor of live theater in North America, as well as an e-commerce company, focused on theater. KBE was founded in the UK in 2004 by 14-time Tony Award-winning Producer John Gore who is the company's Chairman, CEO and Owner.

History
The company is a successor to a number of theatrical production and distribution companies acquired through acquisition or merger. These include: Livent, Clear Channel Entertainment, PACE Theatrical Group, Magicworks, and others. As such it retains interests in numerous Broadway productions and various related rights. The company was amalgamated into Broadway Across America under Clear Channel Communication's ownership.

Broadway Across America became a business unit of Live Nation, Inc. following the spin-off of Live Nation from Clear Channel Communications on December 25, 2005. Clear Channel had acquired the assets of SFX Entertainment, which was owned primarily by Robert F.X. Sillerman, and principally consisted of live concert venues and amphitheaters devoted primarily to rock music in February 2000.

SFX Entertainment, in turn, was founded by Sillerman in order to "roll up" businesses associated with live entertainment, principally rock music. He began by acquiring Delsner/Slater Concerts in 1996 and a number of acquisitions followed rapidly thereafter. Sillerman's entry into theater began with the acquisition of PACE Theatrical Group in October 1997. In September 1998, SFX acquired Magicworks Entertainment, Inc. This Miami-based company promoted concerts and managed touring events such as magician David Copperfield and musicals Jekyll & Hyde and Evita. It had been a partner of PACE unit PACE Theatricals for some time. PACE, in turn, was controlled by Texas-based theater veteran Allen Becker. Also acquired was production company American Artists, which controlled several theaters in the Boston area including the historic Colonial Theater. Magicworks had been controlled by Lee D. Marshall and Joe Marsh (Lee and Marsh later reunited in the company Magic Arts & Entertainment). The summer of 1999 saw court approval granted for a purchase of the bankrupt Livent (then controlled by Canadian entrepreneur Garth Drabinsky and CAA founder Mike Ovitz), a deal that had been initiated a year earlier. Livent, once one of the premier theatrical production companies, owned such touring shows as Ragtime and Fosse, as well as a number of venues in Canada and the United States. Its bankruptcy had been attributed to widespread accounting fraud. In early 2000 SFX acquired Jujamcyn Productions of Minneapolis, a touring theatrical production company. SFX already owned half of Jujamcyn, acquired through PACE Entertainment.

On December 16, 2010, Key Brand completed the acquisition of Theater Direct International from Hollywood Media Corp. for an announced price of $43.1 million in cash and other consideration, Theater Direct owned and operated the content-driven e-commerce websites Broadway.com, Theater.com, Theatre.com, and Theatre.co.uk. In May 2012, Key Brand completed the acquisition of BroadwayBox.com, a website for discount theater tickets in New York. That December, Key Brand completed the acquisition of Group Sales Box Office (GSBO), the a group-sales ticket agency.

In December 2020, individuals who purchased their tickets from a John Gore Organization platform, including Broadway.com and Broadway Across America were given the option to donate the value of their unused tickets to Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS and the COVID-19 Emergency Assistance Fund, as an effort to offer relief for shows and theater fans affected by the cancellation of events forced by the COVID-19 pandemic, raising more than $2.6 million.

In 2020,  the Gore family introduced a social and web programming to raise awareness of the anti-racism movement, reaching upwards of 3 million Broadway fans.

Assets
The company's assets include:

 Broadway Across America (BAA) a major theater touring organization in North America acquired in 2008. With over 400,000 season subscribers, BAA has earned 248 Tony Awards in over 35 years of producing and investing in Broadway shows. BAA owns and/or operates five theaters in Boston, Baltimore, and Minneapolis.
 Broadway.com, the ticketing site, with the 2010 acquisition of Theatre Direct NY. In 2018, Broadway.com won a New York Emmy for its production of At The Tonys with Imogen Lloyd Webber for WCBS-TV. Broadway.com also hosts and presents the Broadway.com Audience Choice Awards annually.
 Group Sales Box Office, merged with Broadway.com/Groups in 2012.
 BroadwayBox.com, the top source for Broadway discounts was acquired in 2013.
 The Broadway Channel, the video content brand acquired in 2015.
 Hammer Films and Studios acquired in August 2023.

Philanthropically, JGO has supported The Arthur Miller Foundation with a grant to provide theater educators in NYC Public Schools. In 2017, JGO raised $500,000 for Hurricane Maria relief in Puerto Rico by producing a benefit performance of Thornton Wilder’s Our Town starring Scarlett Johansson, Robert Downey Jr. and Chris Evans. It was announced in September 2018 that JGO pledged $100,000 to the T. Fellowship at Columbia University, a program that fosters new creative producers. In April 2021, the John Gore Organization became a founding partner in The Theatre Leadership Project to train and mentor a new generation of Black theater industry leaders. In January 2022, JGO launched the Black Theatre Coalition/Broadway Across America Fellowship program, the first national Broadway fellowship program designed to provide an introduction to the Broadway industry for aspiring BIPOC theater professionals.

Awards
As the John Gore Organization, the company was awarded several awards including Tony Awards, Drama Desk Awards, :

As the John Gore Organization
 Moulin Rouge! The Musical - 2020 Tony Award for Best Musical
 Special Event Coverage (other than news and sports) - 2020 New York Emmy Award At the Tonys with Imogen Lloyd Webber
 Broadway Profiles, Magazine Program (series) - 2020 New York Emmy Award
 Oklahoma! - 2019 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical
The Prom (musical) - 2019 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical
The Waverly Gallery - 2019 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Revival of a Play
 The Band's Visit – 2018 Tony Award for Best Musical
 Angels in America – 2018 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play; Drama Desk Award
 Dear Evan Hansen – 2017 Tony Award for Best Musical
 Hello, Dolly! – 2017 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical; Drama Desk Award
 A View From The Bridge – 2016 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play; Drama Desk Award

As Broadway Across America
 The Humans – 2016 Tony Award for Best Play; Drama Desk Award
 Pippin – 2013 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical; Drama Desk Award
 The Gershwins' Porgy and Bess – 2012 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical
 War Horse – 2011 Tony Award for Best Play; Drama Desk Award
 Memphis — 2010 Tony Award for Best New Musical; Drama Desk Award
 La Cage Aux Folles — 2010 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical; Drama Desk Award
 Hair — 2009 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical; Drama Desk Award
 Spring Awakening — 2009 Olivier Award for Best New Musical in London
 Passing Strange — 2009 Drama Desk Award for Best New Play
 Boeing-Boeing — 2008 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play; Drama Desk Award

Previously and under different names
 Spamalot — 2005 Tony Award for Best New Musical (as Clear Channel)
 Hairspray — 2003 Tony Award for Best New Musical (as Clear Channel)
 The Producers — 2002 Tony Award for Best New Musical (as Clear Channel)
 Fosse — 1999 Tony Award for Best New Musical (as Livent)
 Chicago — 1997 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical (as Pace Theatrical)
 Showboat — 1995 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical (as Livent)
 Kiss of the Spiderwoman — 1993 Tony Award for Best New Musical (as Livent)
 Fiddler on the Roof — 1991 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical (as Pace Theatrical)
 Gypsy — 1990 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical (as Pace Theatrical)
 Jerome Robbins Broadway — 1989 Tony Award for Best New Musical (as Pace Theatrical)

References

External links

E-commerce
Theatre companies


The Prussian Class G 5.1 steam engines were the first 2-6-0 goods locomotives in Europe. They were developed for the Prussian state railways from the Class G 4 and a total of no less than 264 units of this class were placed in service in Prussia between 1892 and 1902. The twin-cylinder G 5.1 had been designed to raise the speed of goods trains on main lines. In addition, more powerful engines were needed for the increasingly heavy train loads. The locomotives, which were equipped with a compressed air brake, were used in charge of fast goods trains (Eilgüterzugdienst) and also passenger trains due to their impressive top speed of 65 km/h. The G 5.1 was fitted with inside Allan valve gear and the carrying wheels were of the Adams axle design. The engines were coupled with tenders of Class pr 3 T 12. In Prussian service they were renumbered in 1905 into the 4001–4150 range.

The Reichsbahn inherited 169 G 5.1s after the First World War, which were designated class 54.0-1 in the DRG renumbering plan for steam locomotives; however by 1925 only 71 units, 54 001—54 071, had been renumbered. The locomotives were all retired by 1930.

The Polish State Railways received 28 units after the Great War, initially retaining their Prussian running numbers, and in 1925 they were designated Ti1 and numbered 1–28. During the Third Silesian Uprising at least three, 4003, 4160, and 4185, were fitted with armour and used for Polish armoured trains; after returning to civilian use, the armour was removed and they were designated class G5.3 (Ti3 after 1925); it is possible that the latter two were not in fact G 5.1s. Retirement of the class began in 1936, and by 1939 only six remained in operation. Of these, three were captured by the Germans and impressed into Reichsbahn service as 54 601–603. Of these, only one - 54 601 (ex Ti1-15, née Danzig 4002, built by Schichau w/n 1113/1900) was returned to Poland on 29 September 1955 and immediately scrapped.

28 G 5.1s went to Belgium as Belgian State Railways Type 75, two were already withdrawn in 1921 and only nine were allocated new numbers in 1925, the last ones were withdrawn in 1929. Another seven went to France to the Administration des chemins de fer d'Alsace et de Lorraine (AL) which designated them class G 5.1 and numbered them 3994—4000; they were all passed on to the William Luxembourg Railway (fr) before the AL was merged into the SNCF in 1938.

See also
Prussian state railways
List of Prussian locomotives and railbuses

Notes

References

Further reading

2-6-0 locomotives
G 05.1
Railway locomotives introduced in 1892
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
1′C n2 locomotives
Freight locomotives
Berliner locomotives
AG Vulcan Stettin locomotives
Hanomag locomotives
Henschel locomotives
Schichau-Werke locomotives
Humboldt locomotives
Arnold Jung locomotives


Hanni Fries is a Swiss orienteering competitor who won a bronze medal in the relay at the World Orienteering Championships in Kongsberg in 1978, together with Ruth Baumberger and Ruth Humbel.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Swiss orienteers
Female orienteers
Foot orienteers
World Orienteering Championships medalists


The Storvreta Innebandyklubb or Storvreta IBK, is a floorball club based in Storvreta, Sweden. The men's team plays in Sweden's highest floorball league, the Swedish Super League (SSL). They won the Swedish national championship in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2016, 2018 and 2019.

Roster
As of August 26, 2020

References

External links
Official website
Storvreta IBK – innebandy.se

Sports clubs and teams in Uppsala County
Floorball teams in Sweden
1989 establishments in Sweden
Sports clubs and teams established in 1989


James Eadie (1827–1904) was a Scottish brewer who founded an eponymous brewery in Burton on Trent which operated for 90 years.

Eadie was born at Blackford, Perthshire one of the 14 children of  William Eadie and his wife Mary Stewart and was baptised on 12 Jan 1827. His father had founded a small brewhouse at Blackford in the early 19th century as part of a posting hotel with livery stables on Moray Street. In 1842 Eadie moved to Fazeley. Staffordshire where his brother John (1811-1883) was a tea dealer. He began a business supplying malt to brewers around Fazeley and extended the business to cover Burton on Trent. In 1854 Eadie established a brewery in Cross Street Burton. By 1891 Eadie was living at Barrow Hall, Barrow-upon-Trent. He also acquired an estate in Scotland at Glenrinnes, Banffshire  He became Deputy Lieutenant of Banffshire on 24 May 1900 and in 1902 erected a monument near Favillar, Moray in commemoration of the coronation of King Edward VII.

Eadie's sons, John Eadie and William Eadie, both played cricket for Derbyshire.

James Eadie brewing company
The James Eadie company grew successfully from its establishment in 1854 and continued as a private concern until it was registered in 1893. The Cross Street brewery was visited by Alfred Barnard and written up in his book Noted breweries of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 2, 1889. Barnard also reveals how Mr James Eadie had inherited, from his father, a recipe for a Scotch Whisky Blend which he describes as 'an ancient Scotch mixture' that was dispensed to a favoured few. However like other Burton breweries at the time, the company ran into financial difficulties and had to be restructured in 1896. The company, with its brewery and several hundred public houses was acquired by Bass Ratcliffe and Gretton in 1933.

Scotch whisky has been bottled under the name "James Eadie" since 2015.

See also
Brewers of Burton

References

1827 births
1904 deaths
Scottish brewers
19th-century Scottish businesspeople
Scottish company founders


Glaphyria is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Glaphyria acutalis
Glaphyria albifascialis (Hampson, 1912)
Glaphyria amazonica
Glaphyria argentipunctalis (Amsel, 1956)
Glaphyria badierana (Fabricius, 1794)
Glaphyria basiflavalis
Glaphyria cappsi
Glaphyria citronalis (Druce, 1899)
Glaphyria cymalis
Glaphyria decisa (Walker, 1866)
Glaphyria distictalis (Hampson, 1912)
Glaphyria dolatalis
Glaphyria flavidalis (Hampson, 1912)
Glaphyria fulminalis (Grote, 1878)
Glaphyria glaphyralis Guenée, 1854
Glaphyria himerta
Glaphyria leucostactalis (Hampson, 1912)
Glaphyria matanzalis (Schaus, 1920)
Glaphyria micralis
Glaphyria moribundalis
Glaphyria ochrofusalis (Amsel, 1956)
Glaphyria oriola (Dyar, 1914)
Glaphyria peremptalis
Glaphyria polycyma
Glaphyria potentalis
Glaphyria pupillalis (Möschler, 1886)
Glaphyria rufescens (Hampson, 1912)
Glaphyria semiferrealis
Glaphyria sesquistrialis Hübner, 1823
Glaphyria spinacrista Solis & Adamski, 1998
Glaphyria spinasingularis Solis & Adamski, 1998
Glaphyria stellaspina Solis & Adamski, 1998
Glaphyria tanamoalis (Schaus, 1920)
Glaphyria tetraspina Solis & Adamski, 1998
Glaphyria tripunctalis (Amsel, 1956)
Glaphyria xanthoperalis

References

Glaphyriini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner


Lucilia coeruleiviridis, formerly Phaenecia coeruleiviridis, is commonly known as a green bottle fly, because of its metallic blue-green thorax and abdomen. L. coeruleiviridis was first discovered by French entomologist Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart in 1855. It belongs to the family Calliphoridae and is one of many forensically important Diptera, as it is often found on decaying substances. L. coeruleiviridis is one of the most ubiquitous blow fly species in the southeastern United States, particularly in the spring and fall months.

Taxonomy
The name L. caeruleiviridis may be a contraction of the Latin words "caerulei" and "viridis". Respectively, these words mean cerulean blue, and greenish and refer to the color of the fly's body.

Description

Adult appearance
Like all green bottle flies in its family, the Lucilia coeruleiviridis adult is a metallic blue-green bodied fly. The facial region is white with large red compound eyes. There are also bristles present as well as plumose aristae. The thorax also contains bristles, all of which are evenly paired. Just behind the head, the anterior spiracle is black in color, as is the thoracic posterior spiracle. The meron, just below the wing, is bristled. The venation of the wings is “incomplete” in that it does not reach the wing edge. The basicosta of the wing, or the “shoulder” area, is yellow in coloration, and the calypters—the scale-like structures just below the wing base—are white and of unequal size. The legs of the adult are usually brown to black in color. Like most flies, it also has tarsal pulvilli, soft pads at the end of each foot used to “stick” to surfaces; in this species they are slightly yellow in color. As with all insects, coloration is very important in identification of a species, as is the presence of bristles. Sometimes, the presence of a pair of bristles on the thoracic plate is the only reliable way to distinguish one species from another.

Larval appearance
The white-bodied larvae of L. coeruleiviridis develop in three stages, called instars. In each instar, the larva grows larger and larger. Its only function in this stage is eating until the final growth stage to adult fly. The marked differences between each instar are seen in the spiracles of the maggot on the posterior end. During the first instar, the larva has “Y-V” shaped spiracles. The second instar can be characterized by the shape of the spiracles increasing in size as well as number in that the “Y-V” orientation becomes 2 distinct slits on each side. Likewise, the third instar larva has 3 larger spiracular slits on each side. It has also been seen that the larval stages of Lucilia coeruleiviridis are very similar to those of Lucilia eximia, though no sufficient data has been collected.

Distribution and habitat
Lucilia coeruleiviridis has a Nearctic distribution, which means; of, relating to, or being the biogeographic subregion that includes Greenland and North America north of Tropical Mexico and is very ubiquitous in the southern United States. This particular blowfly is probably even the most preponderate of all species of blowflies in the southeastern United States during the spring and fall and will remain active during mild winters.

Life cycle and behavior

Life cycle
Typically the blowfly, such as Lucilia coeruleiviridis, will deposit their eggs by way of the female's abdomen, which extends to form an ovipositor, in areas around accessible natural body openings such as eyes, nostrils, ears, mouth, anus and genitals or near wounds. The reason that these maggot mass formations are important is because it can indicate premortem or perimortem trauma. The life cycle of Lucilia coeruleiviridis has four stages of development. Calliphorids are necrophagous so the eggs are dispatched on rotting animal remains and generally hatch after roughly twelve hours. The larvae will then accumulate and nourish on the decomposing carcass. They will then undergo three larval stages (instars), which on average will take eleven to twenty days, if the ambient temperature is eighty degrees Fahrenheit. In the fourth stage, the larvae leave the food source and will pupate.  The pupal stage can last from six to twelve days. A single female fly can lay in upwards of two thousand eggs in its life.

Behavior
Many of the species of major connotation are found in three families; Calliphoridae (blow flies), which includes Lucilia coeruleiviridis, Muscidae (house flies) and Sarcophagidae (flesh flies). Some species of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae are known to be parasitic, however, the prevailing rule for carrion feeding species is scavenging and such is true with Lucilia coeruleiviridis. Lucilia coeruleiviridis is a warm weather fly whose perfect temperature is between 75 and 85 degrees Fahrenheit (23-29 degrees Celsius). The females of this species are heavily attracted to flesh and are potential mechanical vectors.

Importance

Medical importance
It has been found that the maggots of the green bottle fly prefer necrotic tissue and will leave living tissue alone, so they are often used in maggot therapy, or Maggot Debridement Therapy (MDT). This therapy is the intentional introduction of disinfected maggots raised to clean out wounds that will not heal, typically larger wounds. However, Lucilia sericata— the common green bottle fly— is the preferred species. The maggots have three primary duties: to clean out wounds by eating dead tissues, kill off the bacteria, and encourage healthy tissue growth.

Forensic importance
Blow flies are generally the first to arrive on a carcass and Lucilia coeruleiviridis is no exception. Because of this, and as with all flies of the family Calliphoridae, these flies are important for time of death estimations. The larvae are also the most abundant third-instar calliphorids that are found on a carcass. Unfortunately, not a lot of study has been done on the life cycle of Lucilia coeruleiviridis due to the fact that rearing of larvae has been largely unsuccessful. Therefore, the PMI (post mortem interval) for this species is still unknown, despite being an important PMI indicator species.
Some Calliphorids of forensic importance, often associated with L. coeruleiviridis, include Cochliomyia macellaria, Chrysomya rufifacies, Phormia regina, Chrysomya megacephala, and Calliphora vicina.  Other important Calliphorids are Calliphora vomitoria, Calliphora livida, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, and Lucilia illustris.

Cultural importance
There is a fable that says Lucilia species can predict death and show up before it occurs. This idea may have originated much in the same way the theory of Spontaneous Generation came about around two millennia ago, based on how Calliphorids are typically the first insects to arrive on a carcass. The theory was a supposed process that life would come from sources other than seeds or parents. Understanding this makes understanding how this cultural fable may have come about much easier.

Research
Much research has been conducted using Lucilia coeruleiviridis and other Diptera of the family Calliphoridae. L. coeruleiviridis is particularly important in the use of forensic entomology (the relationship between the study of arthropods and the legal system) and more specifically medico-criminal entomology, which usually deals with death and decomposition of carrion. The behavior and life cycle of L. coeruleiviridis, such as the length of time it takes to arrive to carrion, lay eggs, and for those larvae to grow is used to aid scientists in determining the time elapsed after the death of a body.
Because the time of colonization and reproduction of different types of blowflies is so important, and species-specific, scientists are looking for techniques to more efficiently distinguish between similar looking larvae of various species. One potential plan is to develop an antigen –based diagnostic test that uses Mitochondrial DNA. This type of DNA is preferred because of its “high copy number, ease of isolation, and conserved sequence across taxa with supposed high mutation regions making discrimination between species, and even subspecies possible.” Using lateral flow technology, an identified species-specific antigen is tested to determine whether the fly larva belongs to the predicted species.

References

Calliphoridae
Diptera of North America
Insects described in 1855
Taxa named by Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart


Glaucocharis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Edward Meyrick in 1938.

Species

References

Diptychophorini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick


Glaucoda is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Glaucoda transparitalis, which is found in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Sierra Leone and Togo.

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Monotypic moth genera
Taxa named by Ferdinand Karsch


Glaucodontia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Glaucodontia pyraustoides, which is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Utah, California and Nevada.

References

Odontiinae
Taxa named by Eugene G. Munroe
Crambidae genera
Monotypic moth genera


Glauconoe is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Glauconoe deductalis, which is found in Australia (Queensland), New Guinea, Sri Lanka and Taiwan.

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by William Warren (entomologist)


Glycythyma is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Glycythyma chrysorycta (Meyrick, 1884)
Glycythyma leonina (Butler, 1886)
Glycythyma thymedes Turner, 1908
Glycythyma xanthoscota (Lower, 1903)

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Alfred Jefferis Turner


Glyphandra is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Ferdinand Karsch in 1900. It contains only one species, Glyphandra biincisalis, described by the same author in the same year. It is found in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Togo.

References

Acentropinae
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Africa
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Ferdinand Karsch


Glyphidomarptis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Glyphidomarptis cyphoplaca, which is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

References

Pyraustinae
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Africa
Crambidae genera


I Remember Blind Joe Death is an album by American fingerstyle guitarist and composer John Fahey, released in 1987.

This album was later disregarded by Fahey, stating the album suffers from sloppy playing due to the Epstein–Barr virus he was suffering from at the time.

Reception

CMJ New Music wrote that "The record is rooted in a deep delta blues sound-but that's certainly not where it ends.. Fabulous."

Track listing
 "The Evening Mysteries of Ferry Street" (Fahey) – 3:28
 "You'll Find Her Name Written There" (Harold Hensley) – 1:36
 "The Minutes Seem Like Hours, The Hours Seem Like Days" (Fahey) – 4:02
 "Are You from Dixie?" (Traditional) – 2:45
 "A Minor Blues" (Traditional) – 4:42
 "Steel Guitar Rag" (Traditional) – 2:26
 "Nightmare/Summertime" (Artie Shaw, George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin, DuBose Heyward, Dorothy Heyward) – 5:25
 "Let Me Call You Sweetheart" (Beth Slater Whitson, Leo Friedman) – 2:12
 "Unknown Tango" (Traditional) – 3:54
 "Improv in E Minor" (Fahey) – 7:31
 "Lava on Waikiki" (Fahey) – 2:18
 "Gaucho" (Bola Sete) – 6:00

Personnel
John Fahey – guitar
Production notes
Tinh Mahoney – producer
Mike Moore – engineer
Tom Coyne – mastering
Susan Marsh – design

References

1987 albums
John Fahey (musician) albums


Glyphodes is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Achille Guenée in 1854.

Species
Glyphodes actorionalis Walker, 1859
Glyphodes agathalis (Walker, 1859)
Glyphodes amphipeda (Meyrick, 1939)
Glyphodes aniferalis Hampson, 1909
Glyphodes anomala Janse, 1928
Glyphodes apiospila (Turner, 1922)
Glyphodes argyraspides (Tams, 1941)
Glyphodes argyritis Hampson, 1912
Glyphodes aurantivittalis Munroe, 1960
Glyphodes badialis (Walker, 1859)
Glyphodes basifascialis Hampson, 1899
Glyphodes bicolor (Swainson, 1821)
Glyphodes bicoloralis Strand, 1912
Glyphodes bilunalis (Snellen, 1895)
Glyphodes bipunctalis Leech, 1889
Glyphodes bitjealis Strand, 1920
Glyphodes bitriangulalis Gaede, 1917
Glyphodes bivitralis Guenée, 1854
Glyphodes bocchorialis Hampson, 1912
Glyphodes boseae Saalmüller, 1880
Glyphodes bradleyi (Whalley, 1962)
Glyphodes cadeti Guillermet in Viette & Guillermet, 1996
Glyphodes caeruleiceps Hampson, 1912
Glyphodes caesalis Walker, 1859
Glyphodes callipona (Turner, 1908)
Glyphodes callizona (Meyrick, 1894)
Glyphodes canthusalis Walker, 1859
Glyphodes chalcicraspis Hampson, 1912
Glyphodes chilka Moore, 1888
Glyphodes chlorophylalis Hampson, 1912
Glyphodes chrysialis (Stoll, 1790)
Glyphodes confiniodes Amsel, 1956
Glyphodes conjunctalis Walker, 1866
Glyphodes convolvulalis (Sepp, 1848)
Glyphodes cosmarcha Meyrick, 1887
Glyphodes crameralis Snellen, 1880
Glyphodes crithealis (Walker, 1859)
Glyphodes cupripennalis Hampson, 1896
Glyphodes cyanomichla (Meyrick, 1899)
Glyphodes delicatalis Schaus, 1924
Glyphodes desmialis Mabille, 1900
Glyphodes difficilalis Strand, 1912
Glyphodes dinichealis (Walker, 1859)
Glyphodes diplocyma Hampson, 1912
Glyphodes doleschalii Lederer, 1863
Glyphodes duplicalis Inoue, Munroe & Mutuura, 1981
Glyphodes duponti de Joannis, 1915
Glyphodes dysallactalis Hampson, 1896
Glyphodes eribotesalis (Walker, 1859)
Glyphodes ernalis Swinhoe, 1894
Glyphodes euchlorisalis (Hampson, 1918)
Glyphodes eudoxia J. F. G. Clarke, 1971
Glyphodes eurygania Druce, 1902
Glyphodes expansialis Strand, 1912
Glyphodes extorris Dognin, 1905
Glyphodes fenestrata Inoue, 1996
Glyphodes flavizonalis Hampson, 1898
Glyphodes floridalis (Fernald, 1901)
Glyphodes formosanus Shibuya, 1928
Glyphodes gaujonialis (Dognin, 1905)
Glyphodes grandisalis Druce, 1902
Glyphodes heliconialis (Guenée, 1854)
Glyphodes inclusalis Gaede, 1917
Glyphodes inflamatalis (Hampson, 1912)
Glyphodes integralis (Lederer, 1863)
Glyphodes interruptalis (Amsel, 1950)
Glyphodes iridescens Rothschild, 1915
Glyphodes jaculalis Snellen, 1894
Glyphodes kunupialis Janse, 1928
Glyphodes lachesis Butler, 1882
Glyphodes lacustralis Moore, 1867
Glyphodes loloalis Strand, 1912
Glyphodes lupinalis (Schaus, 1927)
Glyphodes luzonica (Sauber in Semper, 1899)
Glyphodes magnificalis Kenrick, 1912
Glyphodes margaritaria (Clerck, 1764)
Glyphodes mascarenalis de Joannis, 1906
Glyphodes mesozona Lower, 1901
Glyphodes metastictalis Hampson, 1899
Glyphodes microta Meyrick, 1889
Glyphodes mijamo Viette, 1989
Glyphodes militaris Munroe, 1976
Glyphodes minimalis Hampson, 1896
Glyphodes multilinealis Kenrick, 1907
Glyphodes naralis C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875
Glyphodes negatalis (Walker, 1859)
Glyphodes nitidaria (Pagenstecher, 1899)
Glyphodes nigribasalis Caradja, 1925
Glyphodes nigricincta Kenrick, 1912
Glyphodes nilgirica Hampson, 1896
Glyphodes obscura Munroe, 1959
Glyphodes ochripictalis Strand, 1912
Glyphodes onychinalis (Guenée, 1854)
Glyphodes orbiferalis Hampson, 1896
Glyphodes oriolalis Viette, 1958
Glyphodes pandectalis Snellen, 1895
Glyphodes paramicalis Kenrick, 1917
Glyphodes parallelalis Gaede, 1917
Glyphodes paucilinealis Kenrick, 1907
Glyphodes perelegans (Hampson, 1899)
Glyphodes perspicualis Kenrick, 1907
Glyphodes phormingopa (Meyrick, 1934)
Glyphodes phytonalis (Walker, 1859)
Glyphodes polystrigalis (Hampson, 1918)
Glyphodes pradolalis (Dognin, 1897)
Glyphodes praefulgida E. Hering, 1903
Glyphodes principalis Walker, 1865
Glyphodes prothymalis Swinhoe, 1892
Glyphodes proximalis Snellen, 1899
Glyphodes pryeri Butler, 1879
Glyphodes pseudocaesalis Kenrick, 1912
Glyphodes pulverulentalis Hampson, 1896
Glyphodes pyloalis Walker, 1859
Glyphodes quadrifascialis Hampson, 1899
Glyphodes quadrimaculalis Bremer & Grey, 1853
Glyphodes quadristigmalis Kenrick, 1907
Glyphodes rhombalis Viette, 1957
Glyphodes rioalis (Schaus, 1920)
Glyphodes rotundalis (Snellen, 1901)
Glyphodes royalis Marion, 1954
Glyphodes sanguimarginalis (Hampson, 1899)
Glyphodes scheffleri Strand, 1912
Glyphodes serenalis Snellen, 1880
Glyphodes serosalis (Dognin, 1897)
Glyphodes shafferorum Viette, 1987
Glyphodes sibillalis Walker, 1859
Glyphodes speculifera Druce, 1902
Glyphodes stictoperalis (Hampson, 1913)
Glyphodes stolalis Guenée, 1854
Glyphodes streptostigma Hampson, 1899
Glyphodes strialis (Wang, 1963)
Glyphodes subamicalis T. B. Fletcher, 1910
Glyphodes subcrameralis Pagenstecher, 1900
Glyphodes summaperta (Dyar, 1925)
Glyphodes sycina (Tams, 1941)
Glyphodes terealis Walker, 1859
Glyphodes tolimalis (Schaus, 1924)
Glyphodes toulgoetalis Marion, 1954
Glyphodes umbria Hampson, 1898
Glyphodes vagilinea Hampson, 1912
Glyphodes vertumnalis (Guenée, 1854)
Glyphodes viettealis (Marion, 1954)
Glyphodes virginalis Rebel, 1915
Glyphodes westermani Snellen, 1877
Glyphodes xanthonota (Meyrick, 1936)
Glyphodes xanthostola Hampson, 1910
Glyphodes zenkeralis Strand, 1912

Selected former species
Glyphodes alboscapulalis (Swinhoe, 1917)
Glyphodes itysalis Walker, 1859
Glyphodes cleonadalis (Swinhoe, 1904)
Glyphodes crameralis Guenée, 1854
Glyphodes dermatalis C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875
Glyphodes exquisitalis Kenrick, 1907
Glyphodes hilaralis (Walker, 1859)
Glyphodes incomposita Bethune-Baker, 1909
Glyphodes malgassalis Mabille, 1900
Glyphodes megalopa Meyrick, 1889
Glyphodes savyalis (Legrand, 1966)

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Achille Guenée


Gnamptorhiza is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Gnamptorhiza multiplicalis, which is found in India (Khasia Hills).

References

Pyraustinae
Taxa named by William Warren (entomologist)
Crambidae genera
Monotypic moth genera


Goliathodes is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Goliathodes shafferi, which is found in New Guinea.

References

Spilomelinae
Taxa named by Eugene G. Munroe
Crambidae genera
Monotypic moth genera


Goniopalpia is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by George Hampson in 1903. It contains only one species, Goniopalpia delicatalis, described in the same article, which is found in India.

References

Acentropinae
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Asia
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by George Hampson


Goniophysetis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species

References

Glaphyriinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by George Hampson