Cedomil Lausic Glasinovic (July 16, 1946 - April 3, 1975) was a Chilean agronomist and prominent member of the Marxist–Leninist MIR organisation in Chile.

Glasinovic was born in the southern city of Punta Arenas in the Magallanes region of Chile in 1946. As many young Chilean students of his time he became politically active in one of the main youth and left-wing organisation in Chile in the late 1960s and early 1970s - the MIR political organisation. Lausic Glasinovic graduated in agronomy from the University of Chile in 1970 and shortly after started to work in government funded agricultural projects.

Glasinovic remained in Chile after the September 11, 1973 Chilean coup even though many of his comrades had been assassinated or had been subject to forced disappearances. The MIR organisation had also been proscribed and it became the object of extreme repression by the military and Pinochet's secret police, DINA.

On April 3, 1975 Glasinovic was arrested and taken to Villa Grimaldi by DINA agents of the Pinochet regime. Here he was tortured with electricity, and beaten with rifle butts. Those who saw Glasinovic whilst he was in Villa Grimaldi bear testimony to the incident that caused his death. Glasinovic is said to have had an episode of madness before one of the torture sessions he was subjected to and made an aborted attempt to escape from the prison before the eyes of the guards. In the process of running he attempted to assaulted a DINA agent. The disruption this caused in the prison led DINA to use the opportunity to make an example of him before his comrades and all the other political prisoners in Villa Grimaldi. Glasinovic, who was very tall, young and fit, is said to have been brought into a room where his comrades were forced to congregate and watch as he was beaten with metal chains by a group of DINA agents until his body was bleeding, broken and he became unconscious. He was left with his comrades in a critical and agonizing state with his bruised, bleeding and broken body. Glasinovicwas not given any medical attention and he died alone in solitary confinement several days later.

The torture centre in which he was killed was transformed into a memorial for the victims of the Pinochet regime. Glasinovic's name is listed on the Wall of Names in the Park for Peace at Villa Grimaldi.

References

External links
Memoria Viva - Ejecutados (Spanish language)
Archivo Chile - Memorial de los Caidos del MIR)
Parque por la Paz Villa Grimaldi (Memorial Park for Peace Villa Grimaldi)
Report of the Chilean National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation Part Three Chapter Two (A.2.b.1.4)

1947 births
1975 deaths
Chilean agronomists
Anti-fascists
Chilean atheism activists
Executed communists
Executed revolutionaries
Chilean people of Croatian descent
People murdered in Chile
People from Punta Arenas
University of Chile alumni
Revolutionary Left Movement (Chile) politicians
20th-century atheists


The Graduate School of Management (also known as GSOM SPbU) () is the business school of Saint Petersburg State University. GSOM offers undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate programs taught in English and Russian. It is consistently ranked among the top business schools in Europe. GSOM's Master in Management degree is the only MiM program in Russia ranked by the Financial Times and The Economist.

History
 4 November 1992: The university signs a cooperation agreement with Haas School of Business
 1 September 1993: The School starts teaching. It counts six professors and 33 bachelor students. The first dean is elected Prof. Yu. V. Pashkus (). The School is supervised by an International Advisory Board chaired by John E. Pepper, Jr., CEO, Procter & Gamble.
 1999: The Faculty greets its first 19 Masters and opens an English-speaking ECTS-compliant program, Master of International Business, in cooperation with four Nordic business schools.
 2004: The Faculty creates its R&D institute, signs an agreement with four European business schools to create an International Executive MBA (IEMBA) program, and joins AACSB.
 2005: Most programs have transferred to the Bologna model, the Faculty starts offering Doktor Nauk's degree.
 2006: The Faculty joins CEMS and EFMD and launches an Executive MBA (EMBA) program.
 2008: GSOM SPbU launches corporate education programs in cooperation with Fuqua School of Business, joins PIM, and gets accredited by AMBA (Executive MBA) and EPAS (Bachelor's).
 2009: GSOM SPbU joins GMAC and launches a Dual-Degree Executive MBA program in cooperation with HEC Paris.

Programs
 Bachelor's degree:
 International Management
 Management
 Public Management
 Master's degree:
 Master in Management (MiM)
 Master in Business Analytics and Big Data (MiBA)
 Master in Corporate Finance (MCF)
 Smart City Management (SCM)
 Master's dual-degree:
 within the MiM, MiBA, MCF programs
 CEMS Master in International Management (CEMS MiM)
 HEC-Paris
 School of Business, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Kozminski University
 Executive Education:
 Executive MBA
 Dual-Degree Executive MBA in English
 Executive MBA in Russian
 Corporate Education
 Open Programs
 Professional Development Programs
 Candidate's and Doctor's degrees

Faculty and structure

Director
The Director of the Graduate School of Management St. Petersburg University is Olga Dergunova, Deputy President and Chairman of the VTB Bank Management Board.

Advisory board
GSOM is supervised by the Advisory Board chaired by Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov.

Faculty and students
GSOM employs 89 full-time faculty members and over a lot of professors from other faculties of the university and international business schools, as well as leading management practitioners.

Premises and facilities

GSOM is headquartered in the Arthur B. Schultz building at 1-3 Volkhovsky Pereulok on Vasilievsky Island, which houses the administration, library, publishing house, and post-graduate programs. In 2006, the school was granted Grand Duke Mikhail Romanov's former summer estate in Petergof to redevelop it and create a suburban campus. The Mikhailovskaya Dacha campus was opened in 2015 and houses all undergraduate programs.

Rankings and accreditations

In 2012 GSOM obtained institutional accreditation EQUIS (European Quality Improvement System). The quality of educational programs is approved by program accreditations: AMBA (Executive МВА) and EPAS (Bachelor).

According to EdUniversal ranking since 2008 GSOM SPbU is the first among Russian business schools, and in 2013 EdUniversal agreed for the second time that GSOM SPbU is the best among business schools of Eastern Europe. The Izvestia newspaper ranking (2011, 2012, 2013), based on interviews with MBA graduates, named GSOM as the first among Russian business schools.

See also
 Saint Petersburg State University

References

External links
 Official Website of the Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg University
 Official Website of St. Petersburg State University

Saint Petersburg State University
Educational institutions established in 2007
Business schools in Russia
2007 establishments in Russia


Robert Liparulo is a former American celebrity journalist  and author. His publications include a short story featured in James Patterson's short story compilation, Thriller. He was a contributing editor for the American Christian New Man magazine.

Early life and education
Liparulo was born in West Point, New York. He attended Weber State University in Utah.

Bibliography

Thrillers

Standalone novels
 Comes a Horseman (2005)
 Germ (2006)

John Hutchinson novels
 Deadfall (2007)
 Deadlock (2009)

Immortal Files novels
 The 13th Tribe (2012)
 The Judgment Stone (2013)

Young adult

The Dreamhouse Kings series
 House of Dark Shadows (2008)
 Watcher in the Woods (2008)
 Gatekeepers (2009)
 Timescape (2009)
 Whirlwind (2009)
 Frenzy (2010)

Short stories
 Kill Zone (2006), published in Thriller: Stories to Keep You Up All Night (edited by James Patterson)

References

External links

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Weber State University alumni
People from Monument, Colorado


Spectral Hash is a  cryptographic hash function submitted to the NIST hash function competition by Gokay Saldamlı, Cevahir Demirkıran, Megan Maguire, Carl Minden, Jacob Topper, Alex Troesch, Cody Walker, Çetin Kaya Koç. It uses a Merkle–Damgård construction and employs several mathematical structures including finite fields and discrete Fourier transforms. The authors claim 512-bit hashes at 51.2 gigabits per second on a 100-MHz Virtex-4 FPGA.

Spectral hash is insecure; a method exists to generate arbitrary collisions in the hash state, and therefore in the final hash digest.

See also
 BLAKE
 Grøstl (Knudsen et al.)
 JH
 Keccak (Keccak team, Daemen et al.)
 Skein (Schneier et al.)

References

External links
 The Spectral Hash web site

NIST hash function competition


(born ), (1911–1980) was a Japanese soldier and martial artist. He is most known as the creator and founder of Shorinji Kempo and the doctrine . Practitioners of Shorinji Kempo refer to him as Kaiso, Japanese for "the founder".

Early life
Nakano Michiomi was born on 11 February 1911, in the Okayama Prefecture. He was the eldest in 3 siblings; his father a customs officer and his mother, a seamstress. Michiomi was 8 when his father died from alcoholism at 30. Thereafter, his sisters were sent to live with their mother's family while he was sent to Manchuria – then a puppet state of Japan – to live with his paternal grandfather, an employee of a Japanese railroad company and a member of the right-wing Black Dragon Society (黒龍会 Kokuryūkai). His grandfather was also an expert in kendo, sōjutsu, and most likely Fusen-ryū jūjutsu; he often taught young Michiomi whenever he had the time.

Upon hearing news of his mother's death, Michiomi returned to Japan in 1926. His sisters and grandfather would die shortly thereafter. He was then taken under the patronage of his grandfather's friend Mitsuru Tōyama, who was also founder of the Black Ocean Society (玄洋社 Gen'yōsha), the forerunner of the Black Dragon Society.

Military career and quan fa training in China
In 1928, Nakano Michiomi returned to Manchuria, having enlisted in the army and having joined the Black Dragon Society. To facilitate his covert reconnaissance activities, he was posted in a Taoist school headed by Chen Lian, a priest who was also the master of Báilián Quán (白蓮門拳 Byakurenmon-ken). This was Nakano's first experience with Chinese quan fa; he learned Báilián Quán under Chen while carrying out his assignment of making military maps and conducting geographic surveys throughout China.

Later on, Chen introduced him to Wen Taizong, grandmaster of Yihe Quán (義和門拳 Giwamon-ken). Wen would take in Nakano as his student, training him for many years. In 1936 Wen formally passed his title of grandmaster of Yihe Quán to Nakano, at the Mount Song Shaolin Monastery, at Henan province. This version of events is contested by martial arts historians such as Donn Draeger, who argues that, "[f]or Nakano to suggest that he, a foreigner, could succeed to a position of leadership over a Chinese martial arts tradition is to deliberately ignore Chinese tradition and to insult the intelligence of those whom he would have believe his claim". Donn Draeger also mentions a court case in which the Shaolin Temple made a case against Shorinji Kempo, but to which no relevant court documents or evidence can be found or have surfaced.

In the final days of the Second World War, the Soviet Union broke its neutrality pact with Japan, and declared war. On 9 August 1945, the Soviets invaded Manchuria, and overran the Japanese in 11 days. The aftermath was appalling; Japanese casualties were tenfold to that of the Soviets's; wounded Japanese soldiers were left behind to die while the army retreated; and many Japanese civilians committed mass suicide. Sō was living in Manchuria during the Soviet invasion; he would witness such atrocities. He managed to escape to Japan with the help of his friends in Chinese secret societies, finally being repatriated in 1946.

Establishment of Shōrinji Kempō and later life

The grim state of affairs in postwar Japan impressed him with the need of a restoration of morality and national pride and the creation of an entirely new human image. Regarding the Dharma spirit and the practice of Kempo as means to achieve these ends, Sō revised, expanded, and systematized the many forms of quan fa he had learned in China, combined it with the Jūjutsu he had learned from his grandfather in his youth, and thus created Shorinji Kempo as it exists today. During this time he changed his surname to Sō and started to use the on'yomi variant of his given name: Dōshin.

Many sources claim that Doshin So trained in Hakkō-ryū Jūjutsu and that techniques from there was incorporated in Shorinji Kempo. However, the Shorinji Kempo headquarters has no records of this and the records of the Hakkō-ryū organization merely show that he sat in on a few sessions. Any implication that Hakkō-ryū may have had on Shorinji Kempo would have been very minor since he got back to Japan in 1946 and Shorinji Kempo was founded the following year (Hakkō-ryū was founded in 1941 when Sō was still in Manchuria).

In 1979 he was invited to China by the Chinese government and asked to reintroduce quan fa to the Shaolin temple. He died of heart disease one year later (May 12, 1980), before he could take up this task. However, since being founded in Japan, Shorinji Kempo has spread to 33 different countries with over 1.5 million members and is organized in the World Shorinji Kempo Organization, currently governed by his senior pupils and his grandson Kouma Sō.

Personal life

Dōshin Sō was married three times. He had two daughters in his first marriage, no children in the second, and one daughter in the third marriage.

Dōshin Sō married Takada Toyoko in March 1934, while he was still training in Henan. Their first daughter, Nakano Tomiko, was born on 10 January 1935, and their second daughter, Nakano Michiko, was born on 10 October 1937.

Whilst in Manchuria he met Manabe Michiyo in a train and a year later they started living together. Then on 23 January 1941 he divorced Toyoko. He married Michiyo on 10 August 1943. In 1956 he divorced Michiyo by mutual consent, although they had been separated for many years prior.

Both marriages collapsed due to Sō being frequently absent carrying out spying missions. He was also a frequent visitor to brothels during his years in mainland China; in a similar fashion to the infamous Zen Buddhist monk Ikkyū, Sō saw promiscuity as a vital part of his religious and martial arts training. He eventually decided to put his libidinous ways behind him immediately after the Second World War.

Nearly 10 years after the foundation of Shorinji Kempo, Dōshin Sō married Harada Emiko on 20 January 1957, with whom he would remain with until the end of his life. Their daughter, Nakano Yūki, was born subsequently on 1 November 1957.

Depiction in media

So was played by Japanese actor Sonny Chiba in the martial arts film  Shorinji Kempo in 1975, which was given the exploitative English title The Killing Machine.

References

External links
shorinjikempo.or.jp Doshin So

1911 births
1980 deaths
Japanese jujutsuka
Japanese male karateka
Martial arts school founders
Japanese Zen Buddhists
Founders of Buddhist sects
People from Okayama Prefecture
20th-century philanthropists


'Arab Suqrir () was a Palestinian Arab village in the Gaza Subdistrict, located  northeast of Gaza in a flat area with an elevation of  along the coastal plain just north of Isdud. The total land area of the village was 40,224 dunams, of which 12,270 was Arab-owned, while the remainder was public property. In 1931, it had a population of 530, decreasing to 390 in 1945. It was destroyed and depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

History
The latter part of the town's name, 'Arab Suqrir could have derived from the Canaanite name of the site, "Shakrun".

Al-Maqrizi mentions Suqrir as a place that the new amir Lajin passed through on his return to Egypt, after the defeat of his rival  the sultan Kitbagha in 1296 C.E

Ottoman era
Under the Ottoman Empire, in 1596, it was under the administration of the nahiya of Gaza, part of the Liwa of Gaza. With a population of 55 (10 households), all Muslims. The   villagers paid taxes on wheat, barley, sesame, beehives, and goats; a total of 2,000 Akçe.  The original inhabitants of the village were Muslim Bedouins who gradually settled on the site, built stone houses, and became farmers.

Socin found from an official Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that the place (called Abu Suweirih) had 41 houses and a population of 105, though the population count included  men, only. Hartmann disagreed both about the number of houses, and the identification.

British Mandate era
In  the 1931 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Abu Sweirah had  a population of 530 Muslims.

In  the 1945 statistics  the population of  Arab Suqrir consisted of 390  Muslims  and the  land area was 40,224 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 583 dunams were designated for  citrus and bananas,
489 for plantations and irrigable land, 15,538 for cereals, while 966 dunams were non-cultivable.

1948 and aftermath
On January 11, 1948, 'Arab Suqrir was subject to the first Haganah operational proposal to level a village. An intelligence report reveals an official recommendation that "The village should be destroyed and some males from the same village should be murdered."  According to Israeli historian Benny Morris, the report was issued as a result of the killing of eleven Haganah scouts outside patrol at Gan Yavne by militiamen from 'Arab Suqrir on January 9. The recommendation of leveling the village was endorsed by Haganah intelligence director Ziama Divon who said "the Arabs in the area expect a reprisal... A lack of response on our part will be interpreted as a sign of weakness."

According to Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi, press accounts at the time told a different story. The New York Times quoted police sources saying that a party of Jews from nearby Yavne attacked "Wadi Sukrayr" with gunfire on January 9, adding that police arrived and counterattacked, resulting in the deaths of eight Arabs and twelve Jews. The Jaffa-based newspaper Filastin also reported an attack on the village on January 9.

On January 20, the official order was issued with directives to "... Destroy the well... destroy the village completely, kill all the adult males, and destroy the reinforcements that arrive." However, when the operation was carried out on January 25, the women and children had already evacuated a few days prior and the roughly 30 men who had remained to guard the village after hearing of the approach by the Haganah. Morris writes that the Israelis destroyed the houses, two trucks, and the nearby well, citing a report that said "The village, apart from a few relics, no longer exists." The Associated Press reported that the Haganah bombed fifteen or twenty houses in an Arab village near Yibna, but gave no casualty figures and quoted informants that the bombing were in retaliation for attacks on Jewish convoys.

The inhabitants of 'Arab Suqrir were angry that "no village dared to come to their help and they asked how could the Arabs fight this way." Some villagers returned to the site soon after its destruction and finally left at the end of March. The village came under the control of Israel by the Haganah's Givati Brigade around May 10, 1948, at the start of Operation Barak, but the village was not physically destroyed until August 24–25 in Operation Nikayon. Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel.

Khalidi wrote that the village remains consist of "overgrown weeds, a few cactuses, and trees. Two houses remain standing. One of them is in a citrus grove and has a concrete frame and cinder block walls. On the top of the flat roof is an illiya." Two Jewish towns are currently located on the former land of 'Arab Suqrir: Nir Galim was established in 1949 and Ashdod was established in 1955.

Khan
According to Petersen, the village site is today located in the centre of the Bnei Darom moshav, with the remains of a khan located in a wooded park next to the water tower of the moshav. The khan ruins were first described by Victor Guérin, who inspected them in  1863, and who wrote the following description:This ruin is that of a Khan, now overthrown. It is 60 paces long by 37 broad.  It contains a cistern and a small vaulted magazine, as yet not destroyed. Below the hillock covered by its ruins I remarked on the east a reservoir and viaduct, a well partly fallen in, but well built. A canal, traces of which are alone visible, carried the water of the reservoir to a fountain, now demolished, and situated in the plain near the roadGuérin, 1869, pp.79 -  80, as given in translation by Conder and Kitchener, 1882, II, pp.425 -  426
Clermont-Ganneau visited the place in 1873, and gave a very similar description, with the addition: "this must have been the site of some ancient  "manzel", or posting-house, on the Arab route from Syria to Egypt.

The site was registered as "an ancient monument" during the British Mandate of Palestine-period, although the owners were permitted to build a reservoir 20m square within the khan.

Petersen, inspecting the place in 1994, found the place in much the same condition as during the British mandate period, except that the reservoir from the Mandate time is now replaced with a water-tower. Petersen described the remains as comprising a nearly 40 m-long wall, running north–south, with an entrance near the north end. A barrel-vaulted chamber, with an interior measuring 8.3 m long and 3.8 m wide, is located inside the khan, just south of the entrance.

In 2002. excavations in Bnei Darom found major remains from the Mamluk period.

See also
Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel

References

Bibliography

   (p.281)

External links
Welcome To 'Arab Suqrir
 'Arab Suqrir (Abu Suweira),  Zochrot
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 16:   IAA, Wikimedia commons
'Arab Suqrir from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center

Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War
District of Gaza


Aisha Muharrar (born March 12, 1984) is an American television writer and author of the book More Than a Label .

Early life
Muharrar graduated from Harvard University with a degree in English and American Literature and Language and was the Vice President of the Harvard Lampoon humor magazine. She is a native of Bay Shore, New York.

Career
She was a writer for NBC's Parks and Recreation created by Greg Daniels and Michael Schur. Previously, she was a staff writer for Fox's animated comedy Sit Down, Shut Up, created by Mitch Hurwitz.

Filmography

Television

References

Living people
1984 births
The Harvard Lampoon alumni
American television writers
American comedy writers
American women television writers
People from Bay Shore, New York
Screenwriters from New York (state)
21st-century American women


Splosion Man is a 2.5D action platform video game developed by Twisted Pixel Games for the Xbox 360, available through the Xbox Live Arcade digital download service. It was released on July 22, 2009, as part of the Xbox Live Summer of Arcade. Players control 'Splosion Man, an escaped science experiment with the ability to explode himself repeatedly, as he works his way through obstacles and traps trying to exit the fictional laboratory known as Big Science.

Splosion Man received positive reviews, and was voted by Xbox Live players as the Best Original XBLA Game of 2009. IGN listed the game eleventh in their top twenty-five Xbox Live Arcade titles of all time. Splosion Man placed thirteenth overall in sales and as of year-end 2011 had sold over 487,000 units. A sequel, titled Ms. Splosion Man, was released on July 13, 2011.

Gameplay
The game's title character, Splosion Man, was created by the fictional laboratory Big Science. The character is made entirely of explosive material. The aim of the game is to go through a series of levels consisting of puzzles, traps, and enemies to escape the facility. A splode is effectively a jump, and can also be used to kill enemies, demolish walls, detonate explosive barrels or trigger other effects. The character can explode up to three times in quick succession at which point he will need to take a breather to replenish his supply.

Splosion Man includes a story mode consisting of fifty levels, including three bosses, as well as up to four-player cooperative gameplay, with fifty coop-exclusive levels. When playing cooperatively the players are each presented in a different color to distinguish them from others. All players share the same screen which zooms in and out according to how close players are to one another. The game does not contain any usable items, but hidden in each level is a cake which can be consumed for extra points or achievements.

Development and marketing
Pre-production for Splosion Man began in early 2008, coinciding with winding down of development of The Maw, another Twisted Pixel Games title. The pre-production began in order to keep the team working on a title once The Maw was completed. Production began in December 2008, and development began in January 2009. In April 1, Twisted Pixel released a press announcement that a new game called Splosion Man would be released onto the Xbox Live Arcade. The next day, Twisted Pixel confirmed that the game wasn't an April Fool's Day hoax and that it would be released later in the year. It was featured at the 2009 PAX convention at Twisted Pixel's booth. Splosion Man was released for Xbox Live Arcade on July 22. It was the first of five titles to be released as part of Microsoft's Summer of Arcade for the Xbox 360. The developers specifically timed the development cycle so in hopes that it would be one of the titles included.

The premise for Splosion Man spawned from a random idea proposed by Sean Riley, one of the developers involved in the game. His idea was to develop a game about "a guy who splodes in a world only made of glass". The team joked about the concept until it eventually progressed into a full-fledged video game. Splosion Man was made a downloadable title due its simplicity in comparison to creating a retail game. The developers stated that practically any platform game may have had some influence on Splosion Man, though they credited Earthworm Jim for his sense of humor and Sonic the Hedgehog when comparing a sense of speed. The concept art was drawn by retired concept artist Jerome Crackershack, which was picked up by Dave Leung. Leung later became the art lead and, in the words of Splosion Man director James Bear, "ran with [it] and brought [it] to life". Bear explained that the game's humor was not a big part of the pre-development process, and that they "just wanted to make an awesome game". The "Way of the Coward" mode, which allowed players to skip a stage by dying enough times in a row, was added so players could experience the whole game. Using this mode also garbs the protagonist with a pink tutu.

Splosion Man is the first title to provide Avatar Awards to players of the game. Twisted Pixel has no plans to port Splosion Man to other consoles. While no traditional downloadable content was released for the game, two exclusive levels were later included in Twisted Pixel's Comic Jumper: The Adventures of Captain Smiley and can be unlocked through gameplay.

Reception

Splosion Man received "favorable" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

Reviewers generally praised the game's humor, simplicity, and inexpensive price. Brett Todd of GameSpot called Splosion Man "one of the most original platformers to come down the road in a while", adding the price was "very reasonable". IGN reviewer Daemon Hatfield also lauded the game's humor, gameplay and personality, adding "not a moment goes by without seeing something new and exciting". The level design, overall gameplay length and personality were high points for Eduardo Reboucas of Game Revolution, who continued with stating that the game was "easy to play, hard to master". Eurogamers Dan Whitehead enjoyed the game overall, but occasional repetitive level design and some minor control issues. GamesRadar+'s Nathan Meunier enjoyed the game overall, also citing the comical musical score, but shared the feeling that the level design becomes repetitive.

411Mania gave it a favorable review and said: "For 800 Microsoft Points, this game offers a lot of fun and enjoyment, both by yourself and with friends. Whether it is trying to beat levels, find hidden cakes or beat the par time, there is a lot to do in this game. For such a simplistic game on the surface, there is a lot to be had here, and this is one of the hidden gems in the Summer of Arcade games. Definitely try this game, but this game is really worth the price of admission." The A.V. Clubs Samantha Nelson gave it a B+ and wrote: "Unlike many platformers that are packed with button-pressing combos to master, Splosion Man revels in simplicity. As the game manual expressly states, every button on your controller makes you do the same thing: 'splode'." In contrast, Teletext GameCentrals Roger Hargreaves gave it seven out of ten, saying that, "Like any good firework[s] display this fun platformer retains its charm even after the novelty runs out."

It was voted by the Xbox Live community as the Best Original Xbox Live Arcade Game of 2009. In August 2009 Shadow Complex developer Donald Mustard praised the quality of recent downloadable games, specifically mentioning Splosion Man for how unique it and others are. In a September 2010 ranking, IGN listed Splosion Man eleventh in their top twenty-five Xbox Live Arcade titles of all time. By October 2011, that rank had dropped to fifteenth.

Sales
Splosion Man was a commercial success, along with the four other Summer of Arcade titles. A Microsoft Australia representative stated that all five of these titles would have made the top 10 best-selling games in Australia in their first week of release. It launched as the second best-selling game in the week of July 20, 2009, with over 70,000 players. It ranked third in the following week. It was the fifth best-selling Xbox Live Arcade title during the week of August 10, 2009. It later appeared at number eight during the week of August 24. The game placed thirteenth overall 2009 sales. As of January 2011, Splosion Man had sold over 390,000 units. As of year-end 2011 it had moved to over 487,000 units.

Sequel

Twisted Pixel Games developed a sequel to Splosion Man titled Ms. Splosion Man. The female version of 'Splosion Man was selected, according to Josh Bear of Twisted Pixel Games, as part of an underlying homage to Ms. Pac-Man. It was Bear's opinion that Ms. Pac-Man was an improvement on Pac-Man and Ms. Splosion Man is likewise meant to be an advancement on Splosion Man. It was released on July 13, 2011.

Controversy
In January 2011, Capcom released an iOS game entitled MaXplosion, which featured several similarities to Splosion Man, including the same game mechanics. Twisted Pixel programmer Mike Henry said he believed the game to be "a complete theft". Twisted Pixel CEO Michael Wilford also pointed out that Twisted Pixel Games had once pitched Splosion Man to Capcom, but the game was rejected. Wilford later explained that the pitch to Capcom was presented to the US branch of the company, and that the UK division handles all mobile game development. He stated that it was unlikely that Capcom US passed on the game pitch to Capcom UK. Twisted Pixel did not plan to take legal action against Capcom. Capcom responded to the allegations saying that the game was developed independently by Capcom Mobile, a different division from the one that had discussions with Twisted Pixel, and the game's similarities to Splosion Man was a coincidence. Twisted Pixel included a hidden jab towards Capcom in the game's sequel, Ms. Splosion Man. Upon finding a secret area the character Star from Comic Jumper: The Adventures of Captain Smiley notices similarities to other games, calling it "a ripoff". The character then states "Who made this game? Capcom?"

References

External links

2009 video games
Action games
Microsoft games
Platformers
Indie games
Side-scrolling video games
Twisted Pixel games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games with 2.5D graphics
Xbox 360 Live Arcade games
Xbox 360-only games
Xbox 360 games
Multiplayer and single-player video games


Slake's Limbo is a novel for young adults  by Felice Holman, first published in 1974. The book is about a young adolescent boy, Aremis Slake, who runs away from home to live in the New York City Subway tunnels of the IRT Lexington Avenue Line and stays for 121 days. The novel has received several honors, including a Lewis Carroll Shelf Award best book for young adults citation, an ALA Notable Book citation in 1978, and a Horn Book Fanfare Best Book Award in 1975.

The story was later adapted into a 1989 television film titled Runaway starring Jasmine Guy.

Plot
Aremis Slake lives in a room underground in the subway station Grand Central – 42nd Street. It soon becomes the home he has never known. He collects used newspapers off passing trains and makes a living selling them. He has two regular customers: the cleaning lady, and a man with a turban. A major theme throughout the book is Slake's low self-esteem and lack of experiences with empathy, which are dealt with throughout the course of the book.

With the money that he gets from doing this, he buys food from the local diner, and soon becomes a regular customer. The people at the luncheonette see him there every day and have sympathy for this homeless boy. They offer him a sweeping job and pay him with food sufficient to meet his needs. Also, whatever he finds on the floor he gets to keep, so Slake eventually has quite a collection of various items he's organized and used to decorate his cave.

There are also occasionally sections of the book entitled "On Another Track", about the parallel life of a man named Willis Joe Whinny.

Willis Joe is a middle-class motor man who also has an internal dilemma. He conducts trains with the depressing mindset that people are like sheep, lacking the empathy essential for psychological health.

At the climax of the book, Willis Joe meets Slake and their paths coincide due to a railway accident that was thought to have been caused by holes in the subway walls. Terrified, Slake scrambles on the subway track because he has pneumonia and needs help, because his home was doomed to be sealed up due to repairs needed in the subway. He scrambles onto the track with a sign that says STOP and Willis Joe saves him, stopping the train with a determination he had not experienced for years.

When Slake awakes in a hospital, he decides to flee for the rooftops. He sees his symbolic bird fly away, ending a miserable period in his life and signifying depression.
He then departs with renewed hopes and purposes.

References

External links

1974 American novels
American young adult novels
Novels set in New York City
Works set on the New York City Subway
Atheneum Books books


The Hwasong-10 (), also known by the names BM-25 and Musudan (), is a mobile intermediate-range ballistic missile developed by North Korea. Hwasong-10 was first revealed to the international community in a military parade on 10 October 2010 celebrating the Workers' Party of Korea's 65th anniversary, although experts believe these were mock-ups of the missile. Hwasong-10 resembles the shape of the Soviet Union's R-27 Zyb submarine-launched missile, but is slightly longer. It is based on the R-27, which uses a 4D10 engine propelled by unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and nitrogen tetroxide (NTO). These propellants are much more advanced than the kerosene compounds used in North Korea's Scuds and Nodong missiles.

Since April 2016 the Hwasong-10 has been tested a number of times, with two apparent partial successes and a number of failures.
The Hwasong-10 was not shown in the April 2017 and February 2018 military parades, suggesting that the design had not been deployed.

Assuming a range of 3200 km, the Musudan could hit any target in East Asia (including US military bases in Guam
and Okinawa). Inventory is less than 50 launchers.

Development
In the mid-1990s, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, North Korea invited the Makeyev Design Bureau's ballistic missile designers and engineers to develop this missile, based on the R-27 Zyb. In 1992, a large contract between Korea Yon’gwang Trading Company and Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau of Miass, Russia  was signed. The  agreement stated that Russian engineers  would go to the DPRK and assist in the development of the Zyb Space Launch Vehicle (SLV).

It was decided that, as the Korean People's Army's MAZ-547A/MAZ-7916 Transporter erector launcher could carry 20 tonnes, and the R-27 Zyb was only 14.2 tonnes, the R-27 Zyb's fuel/oxidizer tank could be extended by approximately 2 metres. Additionally, the warhead was reduced from a three-warhead MIRV to a single warhead.

The actual rocket design is a liquid fuel rocket, generally believed to use a hypergolic combination of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) as fuel, and nitrogen tetroxide (NTO) as oxidizer. Once the fuel/oxidizer combination are fed into the missile, it could maintain a 'ready to launch' condition for several days, or even weeks, like the R-27 SLBM, in moderate ambient temperatures. A fueled Hwasong-10 would not have the structural strength to be safely land transported, so would have to be fueled at the launch site.

It was originally believed that the rocket motors of Hwasong-10 were the same as those within the second stage of the Taepodong-2, which North Korea unsuccessfully test fired in 2006. However analysis of the Unha-3 launch, believed to be based on the Taepodong-2, showed that the second stage did not use the same fuel as the R-27, and is probably based on Nodong rocket technology.

Before its test flight it was believed that there was a possibility that the Hwasong-10 would use the Nodong's kerosene and corrosion inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA) propellants, reducing the missile's range by about half.

However it is unlikely that North Korea uses IRFNA propellants which would reduce its range by about half, after the experts acknowledged that the 22 June 2016 test could have had a range of 3,150 km if the missile was not launched in the lofted trajectory.

Iranian Khorramshahr

North Korea sold a version of this missile to Iran under the designation BM-25. The number 25 represents the missile range (2500 km). The Iranian designation is Khorramshahr, and it was unveiled and test-fired in September 2017. Earlier test firing occurred in January 2017. According to IISS expert Dempsey, the missile looks very similar to Hwasong-10. It carries 1800 kg payload over 2000 km (Iran claims it has decreased missile size over the initial version, thus reducing propellant mass and range). Such a range covers targets not only in Israel, Egypt and Saudi Arabia, but even NATO members Romania, Bulgaria and Greece, if fired from Western Iran. Iran claims it can carry multiple warheads, most likely a reference to submunitions.

List of Hwasong-10 tests

Strategic implications
Currently, North Korea is also working on land based nuclear deterrents that are of Intercontinental range, such as KN-08, KN-14 (Upgraded version of KN-08). It is also working a sea-based nuclear deterrent, such as Pukkuksong-1 SLBM.

North Korea is confirmed to have successfully launched a KN-11 missile in a full test flight in a lofted trajectory and expecting KN-11 to be operationally deployed as early as before 2017 by South Korea military source in 25 Aug 2016.

In May 2017 North Korea successfully tested a new missile, the Hwasong-12, with a similar range to the Hwasong-10. A new missile had been displayed in the April 2017 military parade on the Hwasong-10 mobile launcher, and the Hwasong-12 may be intended to replace the Hwasong-10 which has been shown unreliable during its test programme. The Hwasong-10 was not shown in the February 2018 military parade, suggesting again that the design had not been deployed.

Description and technical specifications

Hwasong-10
 Launch weight: about 20 tons (est.)
 Diameter: 1.5 m
 Total Length: 12 m
 Payload: 1,000–1,250 kg (est.)
 Warhead: single
 Maximum range: 2,500–4,000 km (est.)
 CEP: 1.3 km
 Launch platform: North Korean-produced TEL, resembling a stretched and modified MAZ-543

Operators

Current operators
 : According to one source, more than 200; other source claims 12 deployed. 16 were seen at once during the October 10, 2010 Military Parade, although experts contacted by the Washington Post believed these were mock-ups of the missile.

Suspected operators
 : 19, according to a leaked, classified U.S. State Department cable, although Iran has not displayed the missiles until 2017 causing some U.S. intelligence officials to doubt the missiles were transferred to Iran.

Section 25 of this leaked cable (written before the 10 October 2010 appearance of the missile) says:
Russia said that during its presentations in Moscow and its
comments thus far during the current talks, the U.S. has
discussed the BM-25 as an existing system.  Russia questioned
the basis for this assumption and asked for any facts the
U.S. had to provide its existence such as launches, photos,
etc.  For Russia, the BM-25 is a mysterious missile.  North
Korea has not conducted any tests of this missile, but the
U.S. has said that North Korea transferred 19 of these
missiles to Iran.  It is hard for Russia to follow the logic
trail on this.  Since Russia has not seen any evidence of
this missile being developed or tested, it is hard for Russia
to imagine that Iran would buy an untested system.  Russia
does not understand how a deal would be made for an untested
missile.  References to the missile's existence are more in
the domain of political literature than technical fact.  In
short, for Russia, there is a question about the existence of
this system.

Iran displayed the Khorramshahr missile 22 September 2017, claiming its range to be 1240 miles.

See also
R-27 Zyb
Pukkuksong-1
JL-1
KN-08

References

External links
Missile Threat CSIS - Musudan (BM-25)
R-27, astronautix.com
R-27, Globalsecurity.org

Ballistic missiles of North Korea
Ballistic missiles of Iran
Intermediate-range ballistic missiles of North Korea

it:SS-N-6 Serb


Ernest James Wingard (October 17, 1900 – January 17, 1977) nicknamed "Jim", was a professional baseball pitcher. He played four seasons in Major League Baseball for the St. Louis Browns. He started 77 games and relieved in 68 from 1924 to 1927. Wingard's best season was his first, his 3.51 ERA was 10th best in the American League and his 5.1 WAR ranked 9th in the AL, according to Baseball Reference.

He was a good hitting pitcher in his major league career, posting a .232 batting average (57-for-246) with 30 runs, 7 home runs and 38 RBI in 156 games.

Wingard's baseball career would continue in the minor leagues through 1941, including a few seasons as a manager between 1936 and 1941.

External links

Major League Baseball pitchers
St. Louis Browns players
Milwaukee Brewers (minor league) players
Toledo Mud Hens players
Indianapolis Indians players
Troy Trojans (minor league) players
Dothan Browns players
Montgomery Rebels players
Tallassee Indians players
Greenville Lions (minor league) players
Thomasville Lookouts players
Alabama Crimson Tide baseball players
Baseball players from Alabama
Sportspeople from Prattville, Alabama
1900 births
1977 deaths


Athisayam () is an amusement theme park located in Paravai on Madurai - Dindigul National Highway 7, 12 km from Madurai. The park is located on a  site and features about 4 games and 2 water rides. The park is popular for its water rides, recreating the experience of Courtalam waterfalls.

External links

Official website

References

Tourist attractions in Madurai
Amusement parks in Tamil Nadu
Buildings and structures in Madurai
Year of establishment missing


Stephen Joseph Bartowski is a recurring character on the television series Chuck portrayed by actor Scott Bakula. Stephen is the estranged father of Chuck and Ellie Bartowski, and under the government codename "Orion" was the chief designer of the Intersect.

Biography
Few details about Stephen Bartowski's life have been revealed on the show. His wife, Mary Elizabeth Bartowski, left him under unknown circumstances when Chuck was in the fifth grade and although he loved his children, Chuck describes him in "Chuck Versus the Sizzling Shrimp" as "never really there." Stephen is a computer and software genius who attended graduate school with Ted Roark, whom Bartowski would later allege stole all of his best ideas. Sometime after the end of his association with Roark, he went to work for the government. He worked with Dr. Jonas Zarnow and Howard Busgang on the Intersect computer database, where he was the head of the project under the codename "Orion." Stephen would tell Chuck in "Chuck Versus the Dream Job," regarding the Intersect, he designed "just the really cool parts." He would later reveal to Chuck that he tested the Intersect on himself, and thus possesses an older version of it himself.

Stephen left his children eighteen years before the events of "Chuck Versus the Dream Job" after promising to make his children pancakes for dinner. This number seems to vary: in the second season, Chuck says that their father abandoned them ten years ago, but at the end of the third season, Chuck indicates that father was distant for much longer, as Ellie had to raise Chuck and manage the family finances when she was twelve due to the fact that their father was too busy with his work after their mother left; their mother supposedly left within days of Chuck breaking Mary's necklace.

At some point, Stephen learned what the government intended to do with the Intersect and knew that others would want it too, whereas he wanted to use it to help people as a learning device.  Stephen decided then that he had to go on the run, and stay away from his children in order to protect them. It was also mentioned by Stephen and Bryce, that he requested Bryce keep an eye out for Chuck while at Stanford and was a key reason Bryce had Chuck expelled, so the CIA wouldn't 'ruin' him.

After completing the original Cipher, Stephen purged his personal records and disappeared.  Ever since, he has been the target of a major global manhunt by the NSA.  According to the "Spy Dossiers" at NBC.com, the manhunt has continued for "over five years," and General Beckman claims to have "had an army of analysts and spies hunting for Orion since before [Sarah Walker was] in a training bra," which if taken at all literally would indicate a much longer manhunt given that Walker is roughly 26 when Beckman makes the claim.

With only his codename to go on, Stephen was targeted by both the government and Fulcrum. Fulcrum assigned Vincent to the task of tracking him down. Stephen faked his death on several occasions. Stephen's mastery of computer systems allowed him to stay one step ahead of his pursuers, to the point that the NSA issued a directive that all communication pertaining to the hunt for Orion be carried out via non-electronic means.

"Chuck Versus the Ring" reveals that Stephen had asked Bryce Larkin to look out for his son after he found out the latter protected Chuck at Stanford.  Orion asked Larkin to keep him away from the Intersect project, however it was Bryce's familiarity with Stephen and the Intersect that played a role in his decision to send it to Chuck.  After the Intersect 2.0 is retrieved by the CIA, Stephen reprograms the Intersect under the condition that Stephen and Chuck are left alone, but notes that Bryce has altered the original design, giving the recipient physical capabilities.  In addition Bryce promised Orion that he would not allow the Intersect to fall into the wrong hands.

Series
Stephen Bartowski first becomes a major part of the ongoing arc in "Chuck Versus the Sensei," when Chuck promises Ellie that he will find their father to walk her down the aisle at her wedding. At that time, Stephen's most recent known location was in Las Vegas, Nevada. Chuck's search turns up mostly dead ends, and Ellie resigns herself to the search failing.

Stephen first appears (as Orion) in "Chuck Versus the Predator." Vincent tracks him to Hong Kong, but Bartowski nearly kills him with a MQ-1 Predator armed UAV and escapes. Chuck attracts his father's attention when he begins an off-book search for Orion after being alerted by Howard Busgang that Orion could help him remove the Intersect. Stephen later attempts to arrange a meeting with Chuck, but interference by Beckman allows Vincent to catch up with and ambush him. Stephen escapes by faking his death by directing his Reaper drone to shoot down the helicopter Chuck thinks he is aboard. Before this incident, Stephen had left Chuck plans for the Fulcrum Intersect to guide his son on his personal quest to remove the Intersect from his brain. He also warns Chuck not to trust Casey or Sarah with the information.

Later, Sarah makes an unauthorized CIA database search for Stephen on Chuck's behalf, and Stephen allows her to successfully locate him after his son's efforts failed. In "Chuck Versus the Dream Job," Chuck and Sarah meet with him in his trailer, and although initially reluctant, Stephen agrees to accompany him home. The reunion with his daughter goes less smoothly, and Stephen is upset to learn Chuck has accepted a job with his rival, Ted Roark. Stephen later tells Chuck that it was ok if he wanted to work for Roark after Ellie accused him of putting Chuck up to wrecking the release of Roark's new computer operating system.

Chuck connects Orion's Intersect schematics with Roark's office compound, and he infiltrates the building on his own after Casey and Sarah refuse to believe his argument that Roark was building an Intersect. Stephen takes advantage of the opportunity and goes to Roark's offices himself under the guise of asking Roark not to fire Chuck for disrupting his software launch earlier. There, he reveals the truth of his history to Chuck and attempts to help him remove the Intersect. After Stephen and Chuck are surrounded by Roark, Vincent, and a team of commandos, Stephen convinces Roark to release Chuck if he agrees to help him finish the Intersect. As Sarah and Casey (who had followed them) take Chuck away to safety, he admits that he was wrong when he told Chuck not to trust his handlers. Chuck is unable to tell Ellie the truth about what happened to their father, so she is left believing he had deserted them again.

Chuck began another search for him, first by using Dr. Jill Roberts, which eventually led him to flash on the location where he was being held. Agent Walker and Chuck go on an unauthorized mission to rescue him, with Colonel John Casey in pursuit.  Eventually, Chuck's handlers rescue him after he completes the Intersect Cube for FULCRUM.  However, he had encoded it with images to erase the Intersect from Chuck's mind rather than encode images into FULCRUM agents minds.  Chuck eventually brings him back to Ellie for the rehearsal dinner, explaining his tardiness to Ellie by saying he had to get her wedding present.

In "Chuck Versus the Ring," Stephen aided Bryce, Sarah, and Chuck in thwarting Roark's attempt to kill Ellie. He also agreed to turn over the Intersect Cube to Bryce because he knew he was someone Stephen could trust. When Chuck was determined to help Sarah protect the Intersect Cube, he gave his wrist computer to his son.

In the final episodes of season 3, the espionage conglomerate known as the Ring are looking for Stephen. One of their agents, Justin Sullivan, posed as CIA to coerce Ellie into helping find him. Ellie did this through a set of advertisements, which Stephen set up so his children could contact him. However, instead of revealing his whereabouts, he returned right to Burbank. He determined that with Chuck's handlers being around and by throwing a knife at his face and Chuck catching it in mid-air that he downloaded the Intersect 2.0. Feeling betrayed, Stephen left for his cabin in the woods, but not before Ellie pins a tracking device on his coat, enabling the Ring to track him. Luckily, Chuck and Sarah are able to defeat his captors. It is later revealed that the reason why the Ring was looking for Stephen is because he possessed the Governor, a device designed to prevent a human Intersect from falling into dementia and eventually insanity due to continual flashing. Once Stephen had determined that Chuck had downloaded the new Intersect, he began to fabricate a Governor for him.

The device was completed in "Chuck Versus the Subway." When Daniel Shaw sprung his trap for the team, Stephen helped his son escape CIA custody and, when Chuck insisted on going back to rescue Sarah and Casey he accompanied him in the rescue effort. After discovering the lab where Shaw was saved he was shot and killed by Shaw. With his death, an automated recording was delivered to Chuck's computer, directing him to the family's old home. Stephen revealed he was working in secret against Volkoff Industries, a threat that the government couldn't deal with, in which his wife was somehow involved.

Legacy
In "Chuck Versus the First Fight", it is revealed that Stephen had left behind a 1968 Ford Mustang for Ellie, which secretly hides one of his laptops behind the driver's seat. As later explained in "Chuck Versus the Leftovers", the laptop contained Stephen's research on the human brain and the Intersect, which he intended Ellie to follow up. Chuck is able to acquire the laptop and used it to reactivate his Intersect.

Although Volkoff spoke disparagingly of Stephen, Chuck used his father's values as part of his final plans to bring down the organization, which Chuck credits to his father: "Chuck Versus the Push Mix" confirms that Stephen and Mary had remained in contact ever since her disappearance when going under cover, and that the final key to Volkoff's defeat was a virus written by Stephen which downloaded the entire Hydra database to a computer at his cabin. Volkoff later admits to Mary in "Chuck Versus the Family Volkoff" that he was never worthy of her love, as Stephen was. In "Chuck Versus Agent X", it is revealed that Volkoff was once a friend and partner of Stephen, his real name Hartley Winterbottom, alias Agent X, and the first human Intersect. His time as the Intersect damaged his mind, making his cover his only identity and he was disavowed by the CIA when they couldn't extract him. Stephen had worked tirelessly to try and save his friend and repair his identity.

In the fourth-season finale, "Chuck Versus the Cliffhanger", Volkoff's personality is restored to that of Hartley Winterbottom. At the end of the episode, Clyde Decker reveals that it was no coincidence that Chuck received the Intersect and had to face Fulcrum, the Ring, Daniel Shaw, and Agent X.

Development

Scott Bakula was announced to be playing the role of Stephen Bartowski in January, 2009 as part of an extended arc to close out the season. In addition to his resemblance to Zachary Levi, Bakula was cast as Stephen Bartowski because Josh Schwartz and Chris Fedak consider themselves huge Quantum Leap fans, and found Bakula's ability to jump from comedy to drama to action reminiscent of Zachary Levi's. Chris Fedak has stated that Stephen Bartowski being Orion was part of the show's background mythology from the conception of the series, describing Chuck as Luke Skywalker and born into his role, rather than Peter Parker, who stumbled into it.

Critical reaction to Bakula's performance has been overwhelmingly positive. Bakula was praised for his off-beat and slightly crazy performance, and was noted as being the ideal casting choice.

Numerous references were made to Stephen throughout the first and second season building towards his introduction, including his "Aces, Charles," referenced previously by Ellie, and used by Stephen himself in "Chuck Versus the Dream Job." Amusingly, Chuck wore one of his father's suits to Bryce Larkin's funeral, despite actor Zachary Levi being several inches taller than Bakula.

On January 8, 2010, Michael Ausiello reported that Bakula would be returning for an arc over the final six episodes of Chuck's third season, which Schwartz called "the biggest thing we've ever done on the show."

Personality

When first introduced in "Chuck Versus the Dream Job," Stephen is shown as disheveled, paranoid, and eccentric. Chuck and Ellie both call him a little crazy, as he insists on having played a part in the development of touch-screen, plasma television, and other technologies, as well as for his accusations that Ted Roark stole all of his best ideas (however, later revelations suggest his claims were true). Chuck said he was "never really there" after their mother left them, leaving Chuck and Ellie largely to fend for themselves. He took a quick liking to Devon and advised him on how to handle the rough patch he was in with Ellie after the events of his bachelor party. Despite his quirks, Chuck told Stephen he missed his advice.

Stephen was brilliant and tech-savvy, and after revealing his true identity to Chuck also proved to be competent in hand-to-hand combat, easily taking control of the security doors and disabling Vincent when the Fulcrum operative attempted to capture them in Roark's campus. He considered the Intersect the greatest thing he ever created, after his two children, and suggested that Chuck may be an even better engineer than he was. Although Stephen abandoned them many years earlier, he loved his children dearly and only left to protect them from those who wanted his knowledge. He saved Chuck's life by agreeing to help Ted Roark complete the Fulcrum Intersect if he allowed Chuck to walk away.  However, he double-crossed Roark and Fulcrum by programming it to remove the Intersect from Chuck, as he had originally intended.

In "Chuck Versus the Ring" he knocked out Roark as Roark tried to escape Casey's special forces team. Stephen remarked that he had been waiting twenty years to do that. Later the episode reveals that, like Chuck, he has the ability to retain an Intersect in his head, though his earlier Intersect is slower and seems to cause greater pain than Chuck's.

Stephen was incredibly paranoid.  He moved often and refrained from contacting any family members, for his and their protection.  The only way Ellie could contact him was by leaving an encoded message in the classified section of the newspaper.  He was also obsessed with technology, particularly computers, giving electricity for his perimeter monitors and workshop priority over basic needs such as heat and water (though water and heat are available in the woods through means not involving public utilities).

References to Popular Culture

Orion can be a reference to the Metallica instrumental of the same name.
Scott Bakula referenced his previous role as Dr. Sam Beckett on Quantum Leap in the scene where Stephen is reunited with Ellie.  Ellie, shocked by his reappearance and angry at his many years of absence, reminds him of the pancakes he promised to make for dinner just before he disappeared. Stephen only manages to respond with "Oh boy!" This was Sam Beckett's catch phrase, which he would utter whenever he "leaped" into a new body and discovered his new (and typically dangerous, embarrassing or compromising) situation.
Like his previous role as Sam Beckett, Stephen Bartowski shares the initials of 'SB' with Scott Bakula.
Bakula further referenced Quantum Leap while hosting the lead-in to Chuck during the airing of "Chuck Versus the Dream Job," on April 6, 2009, when he remarked about feeling like he'd been there before, but that being quite a leap. Quantum Leap aired on NBC during the "Monday 8/7c" timeslot, on which Chuck (Season 2) ran.
In "Chuck Versus the Colonel" the Black Rock location where Stephen is being held prisoner turns out to be a drive-in movie theater called Starbright.  Starbright was the name of the project Sam Beckett worked on that preceded Project Quantum Leap.

References

Chuck (TV series) characters
Fictional secret agents and spies in television
Fictional hackers
Fictional scientists
Fictional engineers
Fictional inventors
Fictional characters from Los Angeles
Television characters introduced in 2009


Asphodelus tenuifolius is a species of plant in the asphodel family Asphodelaceae. It is native to North Africa, Southern Europe, the Middle East and South Asia. It has been introduced to Australia and the Mascarene Islands. It is generally present from the Canary Islands, across the Mediterranean to the Middle East and Afghanistan. It has a fibrous root system. It is also known as wild onion or "jungli piyaz" in Pakistan.

References

Asphodeloideae
Plants described in 1801
Flora of Western Asia
Flora of North Africa
Taxa named by Antonio José Cavanilles


"Sentimental" is a song by American Smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, from his sixth studio album, Breathless (1992).

Chart performance
"Sentimental" was the third song of the album Breathless to reach the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1993. The song reached number 72. A year later it also appeared on the Adult Contemporary, reaching number 27.

Track listings

Personnel
 Kenny G – soprano saxophone, drum programming
 Walter Afanasieff – keyboards, synth bass, arrangements
 Dean Parks – guitars
 Paulinho da Costa – percussion

Charts

References

External links
 Kenny G's official Website

1990s instrumentals
1992 songs
1993 singles
Arista Records singles
Kenny G songs
Songs written by Walter Afanasieff


Beginning in 2008 many nations of the world enacted fiscal stimulus plans in response to the Great Recession. These nations used different combinations of government spending and tax cuts to boost their sagging economies.  Most of these plans were based on the Keynesian theory that deficit spending by governments can replace some of the demand lost during a recession and prevent the waste of economic resources idled by a lack of demand. The International Monetary Fund recommended that countries implement fiscal stimulus measures equal to 2% of their GDP to help offset the global contraction. In subsequent years, fiscal consolidation measures were implemented by some countries in an effort to reduce debt and deficit levels while at the same time stimulating economic recovery.

Americas

United States
In 2008 the United States Congress passed—and then-President George W. Bush signed—the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008, a $152 billion stimulus  designed to help stave off a recession.  The bill primarily consisted of $600 tax rebates to low and middle income Americans.

The United States combined many stimulus measures into the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, a $787 billion bill covering a variety of expenditures from rebates on taxes to business investment. $184.9 billion was to be spent in 2009, and $399.4 billion was to be spent in 2010 with the remainder of the bill's appropriations spread over the rest of the decade. Announcements of rescue plans were associated with positive returns whereas a public intervention in favor of a specific bank showed negative impacts.

Asia

China

A statement on the government's website said the State Council had approved a plan to invest 4 trillion yuan in infrastructure and social welfare by the end of 2010. This stimulus, equivalent to US$586 billion, represented a pledge comparable to that subsequently announced by the United States, but which came from an economy only one third the size. The stimulus package will be invested in key areas such as housing, rural infrastructure, transportation, health and education, environment, industry, disaster rebuilding, income-building, tax cuts, and finance.

China's export driven economy started to feel the impact of the economic slowdown in the United States and Europe, and the government had already cut key interest rates three times in less than two months in a bid to spur economic expansion.

The stimulus package was welcomed by world leaders and analysts as larger than expected and a sign that by boosting its own economy, China is helping to stabilize the world economy. World Bank President Robert Zoellick declared that he was ‘delighted’ and believed that China was ‘well positioned given its current account surplus and budget position to have fiscal expansion.' News of the announcement of the stimulus package sent markets up across the world.

Japan
In April 2009 Japan announced a third stimulus plan of 15.4 trillion yen stimulus ($153 billion).  This new plan includes 1.6 trillion yen investment in low-carbon technology, 1.9 trillion yen on employment programs, and 370 billion yen for new car subsidies. The legislature responded to a request from Prime Minister Taro Aso for a stimulus that equal to 2% of GDP. Japan has been one of the hardest hit nations during the recession, having already experienced a lost decade when economic growth stagnated.  Japan's total stimulus amounts to 5% of its GDP. Since taking office, Prime Minister Aso has passed 25 trillion yen ($250bn) in stimulus.
Japan has basically exhausted its conventional monetary policy options with a near zero nominal interest rate.

South Korea
South Korea  stimulus package in November 2008.  The November package includes 4.6 trillion won for regional infrastructure and 3 trillion won in tax break—mainly for factory investment.  South Korea's stimulus totaled

In April 2009 South Korea enacted a "cash for clunkers" program that will give a tax break of  to drivers who replace a car nine years old or older with a new car. The tax break will be in effect from May to December 2009 and is estimated to boost Hyundai sales from 530,000 to 580,000 and Kia sales from 327,000 to 357,000.

South Korea's 2009 budget includes $13bn in employment stimulus including handouts, training, and infrastructure.  South Korea's total stimulus in 2008-2009 amounts to about .

Europe

European Union

The European Union passed a 200 billion euro plan with member countries developing their own national plans, worth 170bn to 200bn euro in total, and an EU-wide plan of 30bn euro coming from EU funding.  The European Commission recommends that member nations' stimulus plans amount to at least 1.2% of GDP.

In subsequent years, some European Union countries have undertaken fiscal consolidation.

Germany
Compared to other European nations, Germany was in a unique position: It had low debt, a high balance of trade, and an export driven economy.  The recession led to a decline in German exports, but Germany had the capacity to replace some of the export demand with domestic stimulus.  The Germans were initially hesitant to pass a large stimulus bill; however, in 2009, the Germany passed a 50bn euro stimulus bill that focused on taxes, a child tax credit, and spending on transportation and education. Prior to the 2009 stimulus, one of Germany's largest stimulus efforts had been a scrappage program. The German stimulus program included a "cash for clunkers" program that offers rebates of $3,172 to Germans who scrap their old cars for new, more efficient models. The program totals about 5 billion euros.

Hungary
Hungary has a high level of debt and cannot effectively raise the money needed for deficit spending.  They have unveiled a $7bn package of tax cuts and loan guarantees directed towards businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises.

The Netherlands
In November 2008 the Dutch government passed a 6bn euro plan that mainly consisted of tax breaks for businesses that made larger investments and hired short-term workers.  The package also included a new program to help find work for the unemployed, and faster public sector investment.  In January 2009 the Dutch added a variety of guarantees to help ensure and encourage exports, corporate loans, and home and hospital construction.

United Kingdom
In 2008 the United Kingdom was one of the major economies leading calls for fiscal action to stimulate aggregate demand. Throughout that year a number of fiscal measures were introduced including a £145 tax cut for basic rate (below £34,800 pa earnings) tax payers, a temporary 2.5% cut in Value Added Tax (Sales Tax), £3 billion worth of investment spending brought forward from 2010 and a variety of other measures such as a £20 billion Small Enterprise Loan Guarantee Scheme. The total cost of these measures, mostly announced in the November 2008 Pre-Budget Report was roughly £20 billion (not counting loan guarantees). Further limited measures worth £5 billion were unveiled in the 2009 budget including training help for the young unemployed and a "car scrappage" scheme which offered £2,000 in subsidy for a new car purchase for the scrapping of a car more than 10 years old (similar to schemes in Germany and France).

After 2008 the UK was limited in its ability to take discretionary fiscal action by the significant burden that bank bail-outs had on public finances. This contributed to a significant rise in the deficit to an estimated £175 billion (12.4% of GDP) in 2009-10 and a rise in the national debt above 80% of GDP at its peak. Nonetheless, the UK has significant automatic stabilisers which contributed far more than discretionary action and more than most other countries. As a result, further discretionary fiscal action was limited.

In 2010 the UK began a fiscal consolidation program after the Labour government's fiscal stimulus package was withdrawn and the new Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government implemented spending cuts and increases in indirect taxation. Additional fiscal consolidation measures continued under the Conservative government elected in 2015.

Oceania

Australia

First stimulus
In October 2008, the Rudd government implemented a A$10 billion stimulus package with the support of the Senate crossbench. The package included:

 $4.8 billion direct payments to pensioners (single pensioners-$1400, pensioner couples-$2100)
 $3.9 billion for low and middle income; families ($1000 per child)
 $1.5 billion 'Home Buyers Boost' to help first home buyers
 $187 million to create 56,000 new training places in 2008-09
 Accelerate three nation-building funds and investment in nation building projects to 2009

Second stimulus
In February 2009, the Rudd government implemented a A$42 billion 'Nation Building and Jobs Plan' stimulus package again with the support of the Senate crossbench. The package included:

 $12.7 billion for immediate one-off payments to working Australians, families with school-age children, farmers, single income families and for those undergoing training (A$900 for the average single worker)
 $14.7 billion to be spent on the Building the Education Revolution program which built school infrastructure and maintenance and brought forward funding for trade training centres
 $6.6 billion to increase the national stock of public and community housing by about 20,000
 $3.9 billion to provide free insulation to 2.7 million homes and solar hot water rebates
 $2.7 billion in small and general business tax breaks to provide deductions for some equipment purchases before the end of June 2009.
 $890 million to fix regional roads and blackspots, to install railway boom gates and for regional and local government infrastructure.

Third stimulus (Budget 2009-10)

Outcome
Australia avoided recession and its growth figures were internationally very high, whilst unemployment remained comparatively low, despite net public sector debt remaining substantially low. It has been disputed as to whether fiscal policy actually helped Australia avoid recession however, with sources citing high NGDP growth, healthy trading partners, a responsible banking industry, no housing collapse, a booming population, and the Australian mining boom.

The packages were praised by various business groups, economists, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

References

External links
 Brookings: G-20 stimulus plans
 Brookings: Stimulus plan comparison chart
 Text file of compiled, comparative stimulus plans
 The Case for Global Fiscal Stimulus – IMF staff position note.
 Reuters factbox on stimulus plans

Great Recession
Fiscal policy
Keynesian economics


Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris), or common wormwood, is a medicinal and culinary herb native to Eurasia and northern Africa.

Mugwort may also refer to:

Plants in the genus Artemisia
 Artemisia absinthium, – mugwort, wormwood
 Artemisia annua – annual mugwort
 Artemisia argyi - Chinese mugwort, used in traditional Chinese medicine
 Artemisia douglasiana – Douglas mugwort, native to western North America
 Artemisia glacialis – alpine mugwort
 Artemisia indica - Japanese mugwort
 Artemisia japonica - Oriental mugwort
 Artemisia ludoviciana - western mugwort, native to North America
 Artemisia norvegica – Norwegian mugwort
 Artemisia princeps – Japanese mugwort ("yomogi"), Korean mugwort ("ssuk"), used as a culinary herb and in traditional Chinese medicine.
 Artemisia stelleriana – hoary mugwort
 Artemisia verlotiorum – Chinese mugwort
 Artemisia vulgaris - L.–mugwort, felonherb, green-ginger, common wormwood

Other plants
 Tanacetum vulgare, also known as common tansy, native to Eurasia

References


Elvia Fragoso Alonso (born January 13, 1964) is a Mexican former professional wrestler, known by her ringname Zuleyma, who competed in the Universal Wrestling Association and the World Wrestling Association as one of the most dominant luchadoras in Mexico during the 1980s and early 1990s. She is the real-life older sister of luchadora Miss Janeth, whom she helped train,  and the wife of Kato Kung Lee, Jr., son of veteran rudo Kato Kung Lee.

On March 30, 1988, Zuleyma lost to La Briosa in a tournament final for the Mexican National Women's Championship but managed to beat her for the title three months later. She lost the title to La Marquesa on August 8, 1989, but regained it in Mexico City on March 30, 1990.

In early 1989, Zuleyma became the first WWA World Women's Championship and eventually lost the title to Lola Gonzales in Tijuana on July 20, 1989. She eventually defeated Gonzales for the UWA World Women's Championship in Mexico City on February 23, 1991, and immediately vacated the Mexican National title after a near two-year reign. Zuleyma defended the title against Martha Villalobos at the Katsushika Sports Center on September 19, 1992, and held the championship until around 1995 when the title became inactive.

She also had a successful career overseas in the Japanese promotion W*ING during the mid-to late 1990s. In one of her first tours of Japan, she appeared on a televised match for the joshi promotion All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling where she teamed with Bull Nakano and Chela Salazar against Devil Masami, Mika Komatsu & Kanako Nagatomo on March 20, 1986. She later returned to Japan in 1993 and had a series of matches against Jannet Ryo which were later released on VHS/DVD by the promotion, most notably, a mixed tag team match with her and Masayoshi Motegi against Ryo and The Winger at Tokyo's Korakuen Hall on February 15, 1994. On February 23, 1995, she appeared on the debut show for Tokyo Pro in Shizuoka in a mixed tag team match with Apollo Sugawara against Electra and Kishin Kawabata.

On March 29, 2008, she made a one-time appearance with her husband at a Ladies of Wrestling tribute show for Dona Chela Salazar in Chicago, Illinois. At the event, they defeated La Sirenita and El Dorado in a best of three falls mixed tag team match.

Championships and accomplishments
Comisión de Box y Lucha Libre Mexico D.F.
Mexican National Women's Championship (2 times)
Universal Wrestling Association
UWA World Women's Championship (1 time)
World Wrestling Association
WWA World Women's Championship (1 time, first)
Other titles
Mexico State Women's Championship (1 time)

Lucha de Apuesta record

References

External links
Zuleyma at Cagematch.net
Zuleyma at WrestlingData.com
Profile Card: Zuleyma

1964 births
Living people
Mexican female professional wrestlers
20th-century female professional wrestlers
Mexican National Women's Champions


The Poison Arrows are a Chicago, Illinois-based band signed to File Thirteen Records. Band members include Justin Sinkovich (singer/guitarist of Atombombpocketknife), Pat Morris (bassist of Don Caballero) and Adam Reach. Their album, No Known Note, was released in April 2017. In 2022, War Regards was released.

Discography

Albums
 Poison Arrows (2001, Sound on Sound)
 First Class, and Forever (2009, File Thirteen)
 Newfound Resolutions (August 3, 2010, File Thirteen)
 No Known Note (April 28, 2017)
 War Regards (2022, File Thirteen/Coup Sur Coup)

EPs
 Trailer Park (2004, File Thirteen)
 Premix (2006, digital download)
 Straight into the Drift (2007, File Thirteen)
 Casual Wave (2008, File Thirteen)
 FT90 split with My Way My Love (2018, Coup Sur Coup)

References

External links

Musical groups from Chicago
Coup Sur Coup Records artists


Chhena jalebi, Chhena jilapi, Chhanar jilipi  is a sweet dish originally from odisha in eastern Indian subcontinent, a state known for desserts made of chhena. It's popular in Odisha, West Bengal, Bangladesh and other Eastern regions of the Indian subcontinent.

Preparation
Chhena jilapi are made in a manner very similar to regular jalebis which are popular throughout India. However, the basic ingredient is fresh curd cheese called chhenna.
Fresh chhena is thoroughly kneaded and rolled up into shapes similar to pretzels, before being deep fried. The fully fried chhena pretzels are then soaked in a sugary syrup. Chhena jilapis are served either hot or chilled.

See also

Jalebi
Khira sagara
Oriya cuisine
Bangladeshi cuisine

References

External links
Orissadiary: Chhena Jilabi
Chhena Jalebi

Indian cheese dishes
Indian desserts
Odia cuisine


Caspar Herman Hausmann was a Danish-Norwegian General, lumber merchant and squire. He was born 10 January 1653 at Segeberg in the Danish duchy of Holsten (now Holstein), which was then in union with Denmark-Norway. He died 9 September 1718 in Christiania (now Oslo) and lies in a crypt in Oslo Cathedral.  He was married to Karen Nielsdatter Toller (1662–1742). He was a half-brother by Margaret Pape with Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve (1638–1704) — Gyldenløve was King Frederick III of Denmark's acknowledged illegitimate son and Statholder (viceroy) to Norway from 1664 until 1699.

Military service
Hausmann participated as a Danish officer in the Scanian War from 1675 to 1679 and was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1678. He was wounded in the capture of Rügen (then part of Swedish Pomerania) in 1678. He was appointed commander of Apen in the County of Oldenburg in 1679.

In 1680 he was transferred to Norway to aid in the troop buildup there, and placed in command of the Akershusiske national infantry regiment. He was promoted to colonel in 1681. His promotions continued – to Brigadier 1696, major general in 1703 and lieutenant general and the military member of the Slottsloven  at Akershus in 1711.

In 1711 a Norwegian Army was raised to invade and recapture the former Norwegian province of Bohuslen under the leadership of Lieutenant General Caspar Hausmann. In parallel a strong fleet was to provide protection and transportation to seaward; Frederick IV committed to providing such a force under Vice Admiral Sehested in June 1711. In August, the Norwegian army marched into Bohuslen. But by late summer Vice Admiral Sehested's fleet had not appeared offshore, having been ordered by Frederick IV to return to Baltic waters. Without naval support, the Norwegian Army was forced to return to Norway.

In April 1712 during the Great Northern War he was promoted to commander-in-chief (the commanding General) of the Army in Norway; he served in this position until January 1716. Gjerset indicates that, "General Hausmann, the commander-in-chief of the army, and the military member of the Slottsloven, who had proven himself both able and conscientious, and had brought the army into a high state of readiness, was dismissed shortly before the war (combat in Norway) broke out because the government feared lest his warlike spirit should lead him to act with too much haste." The Norwegian army, which he played an instrumental role in building, successfully repelled Swedish campaigns in both 1716 and 1718.

Awards
Hausmann was awarded a knighthood in the Order of the Dannebrog 1709 and received the title geheimeråd (one of the King's circle of closest advisers) in 1716.

Personal life
Hausmann was married to Karen Toller; Hausmann's father-in-law, Niels Toller, owned substantial property in Norway including a number of sawmills, and his mother-in-law was the daughter of the assessor and broker Anders Madsen in Tønsberg. Thus, as a result of marriage, Hausmann gained control of substantial property. Via his wife, he inherited the Old Bishop's Palace (or Oslo Ladegaard) in the Old Town of Oslo. Here he lived until his death. As the holder of Oslo Ladegaard he also had control over most of the land in the Old Town. Another acquisition through the marriage was of the Frogner Manor, which after his death went to his daughter Karen, who married to Frederik Christopher de Cicignon. Hausmann also established the iron works Eidsfos Verk in 1697.

During the expansionary period for Norwegian shipping from 1690 through 1710 Haussmann established himself among the leading ship owners in Christiania. In 1704 and 1705, he was the city's largest shipowner and the fourth largest lumber exporter. He owned the large Bingen log booms on the Glomma river in Sørum and controlled much of the timber supply to Christiania. He exported his own lumber on his own ships and imported salt, wine and liquor. It has been suggested that he also participated in the lucrative – but risky – trade in contraband goods during the war.

His only son, Frederik Ferdinand Hausmann (1693–1757), married Cathrine Helvig Werenskiold. The union was childless and the Hausmann line died with Frederik.

References

1653 births
1718 deaths
18th-century Danish businesspeople
18th-century merchants
People from Segeberg
Norwegian Army generals
Danish generals
Danish merchants
18th-century Norwegian businesspeople
People of the Scanian War
People of the Great Northern War


Fitzy and Wippa with Kate Ritchie is an Australian breakfast radio show on Nova 96.9 in Sydney, Australia. It is hosted by comedians Ryan "Fitzy" Fitzgerald, Michael "Wippa" Wipfli and Kate Ritchie.

The show airs in Sydney from 6 am to 9 am on weekday mornings and nationally from 6 pm  on weeknights with music and daily topic discussions and special guests. A daily podcast featuring the best bits from each show is available on iTunes as is the podcast for all other Nova FM Breakfast and Drive shows in Australia.

News, sport, weather and traffic updates are presented by Matt de Groot.

The show also features rap battles with celebrities.

History
The show commenced broadcasting on 17 January 2011, replacing Ryan, Monty and Wippa on the drive shift. Ryan Shelton left Nova to focus on his television career and Katie "Monty" Dimond moved to Sydney to join Merrick Watts and Scott Dooley at Nova 96.9 on the breakfast show.

In August 2011, it was announced that Fitzy & Wippa would move to Nova 96.9 breakfast and replacing Merrick Watts and Scott Dooley. Meshel, Tim and Marty (now Kate, Tim and Marty) took over the national drive show.

Aside from the Nova Network the show is also syndicated to 38 other FM stations including Ace Radio and Grant Broadcasters FM Network of stations along with Red FM, Eagle FM and Snow FM. The time of day that Fitzy & Wippa is broadcast is different for each of these stations and they will shorten it to 1 hour or 2-hour long episodes featuring the best bits only.

In January 2018, Sarah McGilvray joined the show after previously making regular appearances in her role as Nova 96.9 program director. In October 2019, Executive Producer Tom Ivey, who also makes on-air contributions as part of the broader team was officially recognised in promotions.

In March 2023, it was reported that McGilvray had been dropped from the show. After weeks of speculation, Nova announced that Kate Ritchie will join the show permanently from 14 March 2023.

Television special
On 27 November 2015, Fitzy and Wippa hosted a one-off special Up Reasonably Late with Fitzy & Wippa on Network Ten. It was watched by 114,000 viewers.

References

External links
Fitzy and Wippa with Kate Ritchie

Australian comedy radio programs
2010s Australian radio programs
2020s Australian radio programs


James G. Boswell II (March 10, 1923 – April 3, 2009) was the head of J. G. Boswell Company, a company that Boswell built from a large family-held cotton farm into an agribusiness giant.

After a stint in the Navy during World War II, Boswell attended Stanford University, earning a degree in economics. During his career he sat on various corporate boards, including that of General Electric.

Boswell inherited the J. G. Boswell Co. from his uncle James Griffin Boswell. Boswell grew the acreage more than three times to a peak of more than . In addition to increasing the size, Boswell focused on developing more productive cultivars and other technological advances to increase output and efficiency. Among his innovations was using lasers to level fields.

Boswell used the company's influence to successfully lobby for advantageous land and water policies in the state, including the construction of the Pine Flat Dam on the border of Kings Canyon National Park. The dam stemmed water flow to Tulare Lake, the now dry bed of which is a central part of the company's land.

During record breaking 1969 rains, local residents clamored for floodwaters from Pine Flat Lake to be diverted to Buena Vista Lake.  Representation on the irrigation district board, however, was determined by the value of landowners' land and J. G. Boswell Company owned the majority of land in the district.  J. G. Boswell Co. voted to block the floodwater diversion so that its crops on the Buena Vista lakebed would not be destroyed.

Residents whose homes were destroyed by the flood sued.  Limiting suffrage to landowners violated the one man, one vote guarantee in the U.S. Constitution, they alleged, because the irrigation district can levy taxes, exercise eminent domain, and decide whose land gets flooded.  In 1973 a divided United States Supreme Court disagreed, finding that a private company can exercise control of the irrigation district because flood control is not an important government function.

References

Further reading

The King of California: J. G. Boswell and the Making of a Secret American Empire, Mark Arax and Rick Wartzman, 2003, PublicAffairs.   (pbk)

Farmers from California
Businesspeople from California
1923 births
2009 deaths

20th-century American businesspeople
United States Navy personnel of World War II


"Big Time" is the first single by pop singer C. C. Catch from her 5th studio album Hear What I Say, and was released in 1989 by Metronome. The single entered Top-30 German Charts, peaking at #26.

Track listing and formats
Original versions

Big Time - 3:45
Big Time (Remix) - 6:45

1989 singles
C. C. Catch songs
1989 songs


Twisted Pixel Games, LLC is an American video game developer based in Austin, Texas. Originally a contractor, Twisted Pixel releases games based on its own intellectual properties such as The Maw and 'Splosion Man. The company uses its own proprietary engine, known as Beard, to power its games. On October 12, 2011, it was announced that Twisted Pixel had become part of Microsoft Studios. However, Twisted Pixel separated from Microsoft, and became an independent company again on September 30, 2015. In November 2021, the company became a subsidiary of Oculus Studios.

History
Twisted Pixel Games was founded in 2006 by industry veterans Michael Wilford, Frank Wilson and Josh Bear. The company first performed contract work for the now-defunct Midway Games, providing engineering work for NBA Ballers: Chosen One and Blitz: The League II. In 2008, Twisted Pixel announced that its focus had changed to digitally distributed games based on its own new intellectual properties. In 2008, the company moved from Madison, Indiana, to its current location in Austin. According to the then CEO, Michael Wilford, the move was to "tap into a broader talent pool."

Initially, Twisted Pixel targeted WiiWare as its service of choice. Speaking of the 2005 planned state of the service, Wilford said, "Back then, WiiWare was planned to be more like Xbox Live Arcade." He noted the original plans for the service would require companies to submit games to Nintendo for approval, similar to the submission process Microsoft uses for Xbox Live Arcade. Early discussions with Microsoft were not positive, but Wilford stated that Nintendo was eager to work with them. "Twisted Pixel was the first company to get a green light for WiiWare." Nintendo later changed its WiiWare model to one that required no submission process. Twisted Pixel opted not to use the service and continued talks with Microsoft. In 2007, Wilford met with David Every, the portfolio planner for Xbox Live Arcade at that time. Twisted Pixel pitched multiple games, including The Maw, which became its first Xbox Live Arcade title.

Released on January 21, 2009, The Maw tells the story of the extraterrestrial Frank and a purple, amorphous creature called The Maw, who have crash-landed their spacecraft on an alien planet. Its second title, 'Splosion Man, is a platform game where players control an escaped science experiment with the ability to explode himself repeatedly. It was released on July 22, 2009. Twisted Pixel's third title, Comic Jumper: The Adventures of Captain Smiley was released on October 6, 2010. Players control Captain Smiley, a comic book hero whose comics are poorly received. Seeking help from Twisted Pixel themselves he "jumps" in other comics, hoping to glean from each genre's popularity. On December 3, 2010, Twisted Pixel announced Ms. Splosion Man, a sequel to 2009's Splosion Man. It was released on July 13, 2011.

On February 1, 2011, the company revealed its fifth original game, The Gunstringer, a third person shooter designed for use with the Xbox 360 Kinect peripheral. The game was originally intended to be the first Xbox Live Arcade game to be featured as a Kinect title but instead became a retail release. It is set as a live-action play set in the Old West. The protagonist, killed by his posse, has been resurrected and seeks revenge. Live action sequences for the game were filmed at The Paramount Theatre in Austin where the company is located.

On September 30, 2015, Twisted Pixel Games announced that it had been separated from Microsoft Studios and had become an independent studio again.

Its games have been generally well-received by critics, and collectively have won several awards. The Maw won the 2008 Audience Choice award at PAX10, and was a finalist at the Independent Games Festival 2009.  Splosion Man was voted by the Xbox Live community as the Best Original Xbox Live Arcade Game of 2009. In a September 2010 ranking, IGN listed it eleventh in its top twenty-five Xbox Live Arcade titles of all time.  It also received several Best of E3 awards in 2009. Captain Smiley, the lead character in Comic Jumper, received the Best New Character award from Official Xbox Magazine in 2010.

On November 14, 2018, it was announced that Ms. Splosion Man would be launching on the Nintendo Switch on November 22.

On December 5, 2021, the website was updated to announce some changes are coming. Through legal documents from the Federal Trade Commission, it became public that Twisted Pixel Games was acquired by Meta in November 2021.

Technology
All of Twisted Pixel's games are powered by Beard, a proprietary engine to compete with Epic Games' Unreal Engine. Content is developed with the company's proprietary Razor editor in conjunction with  RAD Game Tools' Granny 3D animation toolset. Razor can be adapted to develop in 3D or 2.5D configurations. Games are scripted using Lua, which allows the developers to share code between titles.

Games developed

References

External links

Video game companies established in 2006
Companies based in Austin, Texas
Video game development companies
Video game companies based in Texas
Former Microsoft subsidiaries
2011 mergers and acquisitions
2021 mergers and acquisitions
Meta Platforms acquisitions
Oculus VR


Ian "Iggy" Gray (22 July 1963 – 15 February 2010) was a former Australian soccer player who played in the National Soccer League (NSL) between 1980 and 1995 for A.P.I.A. Leichhardt and Marconi. Gray represented the Australia national soccer team 14 times between 1984 and 1992.

Early life
Ian Gray was the son of Avenel and Georgina Gray. He was born on 22 July 1963 and raised in Manly Vale, a suburb of northern Sydney, in the Northern Beaches region.

Career

Club career
He began playing Football at Manly Vale Soccer Club and Western Suburbs SC (NSW), then later for A.P.I.A. Leichhardt (playing five seasons and 85 games) and Marconi (playing seven seasons, over 150 games and winning three titles, the last in 1993 as captain) in the National Soccer League.

International career
In 1981, he began a 12-year national representative career, and in 1984 was involved in Australia's 1986 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign. Later in the year he joined the Australian National Team on a long world tour, playing in China, England, Scotland and Italy.

He was capped 14 times (A-Internationals) for the Australian National Team, scoring once. playing another 21 non-A Internationals over nine years and between 1984 and 1992 scored 6 goals (three A International goals) for the national team In 2004, he was inducted into the Australian Football (Soccer) Hall of Fame, (Award of Distinction) and was also a member of the Football Federation Australia Appeals committee.

FFA career statistics
Socceroo honours:
35 appearances (6 goals) [1984-1992]
14 A internationals (3 goals) / 21 non–A internationals (3 goals)

Other Australian representative honours:
U-20 – 1981 U-20 World Cup train-on squad

Club career:
1980 – APIA Leichhardt (Australia) 1 appearance (0 goals)
1981 – APIA Leichhardt (Australia) 14a (0g)
1982 – APIA Leichhardt (Australia) 16a (1g)
1983 – APIA Leichhardt (Australia) 25a (2g)
1984 – APIA Leichhardt (Australia) 29a (6g)
1985 – Marconi Stallions (Australia) 23a (4g)
1986 – Marconi Stallions (Australia) 24a (3g)
1987 – Marconi Stallions (Australia) 16a (0g)
1988 – Marconi Stallions (Australia) 26a (6g)
1989 – Marconi Stallions (Australia) 26a (8g)
89/90 – Marconi Stallions (Australia) 23a (5g)
90/91 – Marconi Stallions (Australia) 22a (3g)
91/92 – Marconi Stallions (Australia) 21a (1g)
92/93 – Marconi Stallions (Australia) 22a (2g)
93/94 – Marconi Stallions (Australia) 26a (5g)
94/95 – Marconi Stallions (Australia) 15a (1g)

TOTAL NSL APPEARANCES (GOALS): 329 appearances (47 goals)

Coaching career
Ian Gray mentored Steve Corica and Mark Schwarzer during their early years. After retiring from professional football in 1995 Gray continued to play at an amateur level for the Maccabi Masters and Team Bondi but also turned his attention to helping junior players. Most recently he was coaching at Maccabi Hakoah Football Club with the Under 15 State Youth League.

Death
On 15 February 2010 Gray was found by friends slumped on a lounge in his Elizabeth Bay, East Sydney unit after he failed to arrive for a coaching session, and then failed to answer his telephone. A 22-year-old woman was subsequently charged with manslaughter, though the charges were later dropped.

In September 2015, with the permission of Avenel Gray, Manly Vale Football Club named their perpetual Senior Player of the Year trophy as the "Ian Gray Senior Men's Player of the Year".

References

External links
Maccabi Hakoah Football Club
Manly Vale Football Club

1963 births
2010 deaths
Australian men's soccer players
Australia men's international soccer players
Australia men's B international soccer players
National Soccer League (Australia) players
Marconi Stallions FC players
Men's association football midfielders
Soccer players from Sydney


The Magic of Ju-Ju is an album by Archie Shepp released on Impulse! Records in May 1968. The album contains tracks recorded by Shepp, trumpeter Martin Banks, trombonist Mike Zwerin, bassist Reggie Workman and percussionists Norman Connors, Frank Charles, Dennis Charles, Ed Blackwell and Beaver Harris in April of 1967.

Reception
The Allmusic review by Al Campbell states of the title track "Shepp's emotional and fiery tenor takes off immediately, gradually morphing with the five percussionists who perform on instruments including rhythm logs and talking drums. Shepp never loses the initial energy, moving forward like a man possessed as the drumming simultaneously builds into a fury. Upon the final three minutes, the trumpets of Martin Banks and Michael Zwerin make an abrupt brief appearance, apparently to ground the piece to a halt. This is one of Shepp's most chaotic yet rhythmically hypnotic pieces".

Track listing
 "The Magic of Ju-Ju" - 18:37
 "You're What This Day Is All About" - 1:51
 "Shazam!" - 4:43
 "Sorry 'Bout That" - 10:07
All compositions by Archie Shepp
 Recorded at Rudy Van Gelder Studio, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, April 26, 1967

Personnel
 Archie Shepp: tenor saxophone
 Martin Banks: trumpet, flugelhorn
 Mike Zwerin: bass trombone, trombone
 Reggie Workman: bass
 Norman Connors: drums
 Beaver Harris: drums
 Frank Charles: talking drum
 Dennis Charles: percussion
 Ed Blackwell: rhythm logs

References

Archie Shepp albums
Impulse! Records albums
Albums produced by Bob Thiele
Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio
cine


Clydesdale (Scottish Gaelic: Dail Chluaidh) is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located  in Antigonish County.

The area was originally called Yankee Grant as it was granted to a settler from New Hampshire named Dylan Brophy, in 1796. In 1876 it was renamed after the River Clyde in Scotland.

References

Communities in Antigonish County, Nova Scotia