The 2007 Bali Declaration by Climate Scientists was a statement signed by over 200 climate scientists advocating specific targets for greenhouse gas emissions for the 21st century. The statement was based on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Article 2 that committed signatories to the "...stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system" and on the science available in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment report (IPCC AR4). The Bali Declaration was released to coincide with the 2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference which took place in Bali 3–15 December 2007.

References

Climate change policy
2007 documents


Carranzo is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in Llanes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

References

Parishes in Llanes


Hopewell is a village in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is situated 20 km south of Pietermaritzburg and 10 km east of Richmond.

References

Populated places in the Richmond Local Municipality


Gábor Faludi (1 May 1846– 4 May 1932) was a Hungarian theatre manager and businessman. He was the founder and manager of the Comedy Theatre of Budapest (Vígszínház) and an influential figure during the Budapest theatre boom at the beginning of the 20th century.

Early life

Gábor Faludi was born in Tét on 1 May 1846 as Gábor Waltersdorf, according to the entry in the Jewish parish register of Téthszentkút (later known as Téth or Tét). His parents were Salamon Waltersdorf and Rozália (Szali) Klein, both local merchants. His sons Miklós, Jenő, and Sándor later became involved in the family theatre business while his daughter, Hermina, married Jenő Vázsonyi, the President of the Hungarian State Railway. The original family name suggests that the family may have found its roots in the Austrian town of Bad Waltersdorf, located about 150 kilometers west of Tét.

Not much is known about Faludi's early life, only that he was a businessman in Devecser until 1878, and in that same year moved to Budapest and developed the first theatre ticket booth system in the country, which he leased out. In 1896, along with Count István Keglevich and the writer Ferenc Szécsi, he founded the Vígszínház and received a considerable stake in the theatre, at the same time managing the theatre's financial aspects. When Keglevich and Szécsi decided to cut their ties to the theatre after disagreements, Faludi took over full control of managing the theatre. In 1917, he also leased the Városi Színház (Erkel Theatre).

Starting with its foundation in 1896, the Vígszínház began to play an important part in Hungarian theatrical life. In the beginning, it was the novelty of the theatre's plays' styles and the frivolity of its plays that garnered attention. In 1907, it became a considerable factor in literary life as it also became the home of the contemporary Hungarian modern drama. The common opinion understood the fact that this theatre was also a profitable business venture, and slowly it was regarded as a national cultural establishment. The Vígszínház became the representative symbol of Lipótváros, which was at the time the focal point and residence of the city's quickly assimilating German and Jewish residents.

The Vígszínház in the Early 20th Century
By the beginning of the 1910s, the Vígszínház became the concrete cultural institute of the capital. There was all the more Hungarian success, and all the less fooling around. The Vígszínház knowingly worked to change the selection of its shows. In 1911, when the stakeholders of the theatre met, it was made known in no unclear terms that frivolous pieces were only presented for the interest of the common public, but that one of the key factors for the leasing of the theatre in its entirety to the Faludi family would be that they would have to present cultured pieces for the tastes of a cultured public. The repertoire of the theatre began to quickly change, and it started leaning more towards more serious dramatic literature for its shows' basis.

Two things clearly ensured this change. In 1919, the theatre was forced to create a list of all its pieces that it would be presenting in advance, on the orders of the Cultural Ministry of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic. Accordingly, a number of Hungarian dramatic writers worked for the Vígszínház, yet the theatre even geared itself towards presenting works by Flers/Caillavet, Feydeau, Kistemaeckers, Bourdet, Wedekind, Heijermans, Hauptmann, and Strindberg. The second thing signalled even more clearly that the theatre's dramaturgy considered the change in style to be final. During a time when political powers tried to occupy a large place in the workings of cultural institutions, Miklós Faludi asked the state's top attorney  whether he could present protégé Géza Fazekas "Randevú" (Rendezvous) titled play with the following words: No matter how certain the low comedy of mischief is, at this point we cannot return to those performances in which the switching of identity, mistaken identity, and the mistress's constant nagging complicate activities. Separate hotel rooms, and the comedic situation of those who mistakenly show up at the wrong room or wind up locked up in the wrong room are very far from the current repertoire of the Vígszínház.

In the first place, the Vígszínház needed to have financial independence in order to develop its own performances as it pleased and tweak them as it liked. The scales of the Vígszínház were profitable and the theatre's management decided to sink their bank loans in better measure as well. Gábor Faludi smartly attempted to spread his ever-increasing funds into various ventures, and his personal tragedy was that while his name amongst the citizenry constantly grew, he decided to push the prosperity of the Vígszínház into the midst of war profiteers. Faludi as a shrewd businessman decided in the last peaceful year to invest his earnings into four percent korona stock investment, which he even placed into a deposit until 1917. Now the lighting war strategy in which they shut down all the theatres, truly endangered the Vígszínház. Faludi immediately took strategic steps to cut his spending, and asked the leasing committee of the theatre for a moderation of the twenty thousand korona rental fee, at the same time decreasing the salary of his actors by sixty percent. Only  dared to object, probably because he had been offered a position at the National Theatre, while the others agreed to part with more than half their normal salaries. The Vígszínház returned to its original rental fee, and working together with the actors debts it managed to balance its financial situation. The quick financial intervention was so urgent because during the first month of the World War they changed the entire scheme of the theatre's repertoire.

The kind of plays that were presented dealt with the situation of the time. A play titled All of us have to leave (A mindnyájunknak el kell menni) co-written by Gyula Hegedűs and Jenő Faragó debuted on 1 September 1914 and cheered up the otherwise melancholy audiences. The last scene was only first performed half a century later, on 18 August 1964, the birthday of Emperor Franz Josef while crowds were viewing the imperial crowns of Serbia and Russia in the Hungarian National Museum at a memorial exhibition about the "victorious war". The financial strain was all the more apparent when looking at the theatre, because the war hysteria prevented the theatre from featuring any works by enemy countries on its stage. This created a renewed drive for Hungarian dramatists, but the theatre continued to feature French works in secret. Only the translators names were featured on the playbill, but everyone tacitly agreed to this solution.

The First World War brought decisive changes to the Vígszínház in other aspects too. New crowds began to show up in the audience: war profiteers. The Vígszínház's shareholder management made the following observations about the Vígszínház's audience at their annual shareholder meeting in 1916: "As soon as the Carpathian battles of 1915 achieved victorious results in the spring of the same year – the audience's new members – which the Vígszínház cannot exclusively claim to be its own, appeared to be relieved and it was as if they wanted to recoup, beginning to visit the theatre again." Gyula Hegedűs recalled the new public in this way: "the face of the theatre's viewership has changed. Again, it is filled with flashy, loud folks. Again, they arrive late, and again they cough often and loudly. This newly enriched layer of society had never seen the boom created by the Vígszínház. In fact, by 1917 the commentators were talking about the fact that at a premiere every now and then the atmosphere of the old, warm nights had returned and that the regular audience of the Vígszínház aussaged their pressures of the war with the pleasures of the arts.

The advance purchase of tickets became general habit at the theatre, since tickets could not be purchased at the ticket booth for same-day showings. The summer breaks also shrivelled up, and performances were also done on Saturday afternoons. In 1916, many performances were made at Tisza Kálmán Square, the National Opera, at the Urania premises, in the neighbourhood of the National Theatre, and folk stories were performed on Rákóczi Road. This ambition was fulfilled when Gábor Faludi leased the National Opera's empty premises, and created a company independent of the Vígszínház with the name of the Városi Szinház (City Theatre). He transferred the Vígszínház's biggest operette successes (Három a kislány, Médi) here, to the repertoire of the theatre with Budapest's largest audience capacity. Various information attests to the nature of the Vígszínház as an extremely successful, complimentary business for Gábor Faludi, providing prosperous positions and a solid future for his family members. Sándor Hunyady, when speaking about the 1910s, described the theatre's financial situation in the following manner: "the business is in such strong form, and is infected with such life, that it is like a small Italian renaissance republic. In these times there was many a year in which they closed with 250,000 gold crowns of pure profit. It was a common occurrence that every season from September to February the theatre made up for all of its annual expenditures, and after that every ticket sold was surplus, pure profit. There is no need to be frugal, the financial office gives advances without keeping count, and pays the incredible bills of the Miksa Schmidt furniture company without any fuss".

In Nándor Kozma's book Hadimilliomosok (War Profiteers), he tried numbers for exact proceeds. According to his sources, which he did not publish, the annual profit of the theatre was 234,000 crowns. Thanks to the profit the shareholders during the war were also entitled to their part: for each share, 8 crowns were given. With this, Gábor Faludi who had more than 500 shares, was entitled to more than 4000 crowns while the minority shareholders' earnings were not that considerable. There is nothing surprising about the fact that, unable to see into the future through the fog of war, Gábor Faludi wanted to leave nothing to chance. In 1918 he thought that he was still acting in time when as the head of the Faludi family and the boss of the Vígszínház's leasing management, he extended his contract with the Vígszínház's shareholder association – due to his superiority over the shareholders, practically speaking with himself – all the way until 1943. The events between these years upset his calculations very much, however.

With the loss of the First World War, the economic meltdown, and the Treaty of Trianon, it was apparently a minor event in comparison when the theatre's financial backers and patrons, the Faludi family, were forced to withdraw and sell the theatre to an American owner. The extreme-right wing political powers' immediate disagreement over this transaction is understandable, since they feared new danger due to this cosmopolitan landmark's change of hands. They did not make their anger heard only in newspaper articles, but they also planned illegal actions with the aim to breach the peace and scare the crowds out of the theatre. The minor terrorist activities did not yet immediately endanger the lives of citizens, but the explosion of a stink bomb scared the well-dressed, unprotected crowds into the streets.

With the act of the selling of the Vígszínház, everyone had the instinctive feeling that a new era had begun. The bourgeoisie, powerful illusions of the Hungarian ideal altogether vanished. The change of ownership made it clear that the theatre had become a full-fledged business venture once and for all. The new American owner Ben Blumenthal and his colleagues were only interested in the theatre's bookkeeping information.  He did not support the Vígszínház anymore and it became a product of the state's change; only the annual profit of the theatre determined its value. With this act the theatre also withdrew its place in local theatre life, thereby beginning to act as Hungary's representative in the sphere of the international theatrical world. However even with this international connection there still was not a considerable amount of artistic achievement. In its shows it became apparent that the success of contemporary Western European and American theatre still could not create any visible breakthrough. Those performers with which the theatre's management wanted to evoke the Vígszínház of old for itself and before its audience remained powerless to do anything.

Naturally there was also an advantage of the American funds. The Vígszínház had the ability to stay afloat in the most hopeless of circumstances. It expanded when the opportunity presented itself (a kamara theatre was established in 1935 with the name Pesti Színház in Révay Street), and with quick decision-making removed those plays from its repertoire, which it had paid for. It created its regular patrons from the best powers. It was crucial for the theatre that stars stepped onto its stage. They strove to secure each cue with more actors. They paid such high salaries that not a single theatre could compete with them. Many theatre managers complained that the Vígszínház did not even loan its members to other theatres for guest performances, but preferred to pay their salaries, just to ensure that they would not create success for the competition. During the First World War, Gábor Faludi invested the theatre's earnings into war loans. Naturally if the daily earnings were positive, it would be worth it to keep the original version of the theatre. Faludi, like his rival , first thought about the expansion of the theatre; he attempted to gain possession of a building at 22–24 Nagymező Street that had been intended to house the Télikert entertainment theatre, and it is possible that Faludi decided to sell his stake in the Vígszínház just due to the failure of this bid. In the Színházi Élet (Theatrical Life) Almanac the events were recorded as such: on 10 October 1920 Ben Blumenthal acquired the theatre. On 15 October Dániel Jób became the new artistic director of the theatre. Faludi also developed the Vígszínház pension fund. Faludi died in Budapest on 4 May 1932.

References

 Bárdi Ödön: A régi Vígszínház (Bp., 1957)

 Hunyady Sándor: A Vígszínház 40 éve (Bp., 1936)

 Szi. Kellér Andor: Bal négyes páholy (r., Bp., 1960)

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20120222144544/http://tbeck.beckground.hu/szinhaz/htm/10.htm
 https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204554/http://www.netlexikon.hu/yrk/Gbyanv/37532
 https://web.archive.org/web/20100104011242/http://www.pestiszinhaz.hu/write/vig/index.php?tare=falu
 http://mek.niif.hu/02100/02139/html/sz07/17.html

1846 births
1932 deaths
People from Tét
Hungarian Jews


Radha Krishna Sinha (1 January 1917 – 27 August 2003) was an Indian scholar of English literature. He came from a family of elite intellectuals and academics. He was a DPhil from the University of Oxford and the head of the Department of English, Patna University. All his children and grandchildren teach English Literature.

Biography

Sinha was born in an affluent family on 1 January 1917 at Maheshpur in the district of Munger in Bihar. He was a gold medallist at his university for his Master of Arts (English) degree and obtained a DPhil from the University of Oxford in 1950, he had been teaching at the University of Patna from 7 July 1938 to 31 January 1979, the topic of his research was Literary Influences on D H Lawrence. His guide was Lord David Cecil, an authority on Victorian novels. Sinha did research from October 1946 to December 1949 under his supervision.

Obituaries
 A P J Abdul Kalam, Rashtrapati Bhawan, New Delhi R K Sinha was an eminent and outstanding English Professor of Patna University.
 Lt General S K Sinha, Governor of Jammu and Kashmir, I had the privilege of being taught by R K Sinha, he commanded respect, by his sincerity, depth of knowledge and teaching ability, he became a colossus, in English literature.
 Dinesh Nandan Sahay, Governor of Tripura, Dr Sinha, whose student I had been a legend in his lifetime, a versatile Professor of English of the Patna University, was a living encyclopaedia of English literature and an ocean of knowledge.
 Kailashpati Mishra, Governor of Gujarat, The noteworthy academic contribution of the late Dr R K Sinha, would long be remembered.
 Alison Richard, The Vice Chancellor, University of Cambridge, Dr Sinha served his country, his University, and scholarship with great distinction and imbued generations of students with love of the English language and its literature.
 Randolph Quirk, Former Vice-Chancellor University of London, It, commemorative volume is a thoroughly worthy objective, for the eminent Professor R K Sinha.

References

Further reading
Radha Krishna Sinha, An Epitome of English Literature; A Commemorative Volume in Honour of Dr. R.K. Sinha (A Festschrift), Srishti Publishers & Distributors (2005) (Paperback).
Radha Krishna Sinha, Rāmacandra Prasāda, Awadhesh Kumar Sharma, Modern studies and other essays: in honour of Dr. R.K. Sinha, Vikas Pub. House, 1987.

Indian literary critics
 Sinha, R. K.
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Scholars from Bihar
1917 births
2003 deaths
Academic staff of Patna University
People from Munger district
20th-century Indian biographers
Indian expatriates in the United Kingdom


Celoriu is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in Llanes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Beaches
 La Palombina
 Las Cámaras
 Los Curas
 Borizu
 San Martín
 Portiellu
 Troenzo

References

Parishes in Llanes


Noel John Whittaker AM (born 1940) is a writer and newspaper columnist. Whittaker has written 22 books, including the bestseller Making Money Made Simple. Whittaker writes columns in major Australian newspapers, including The Age, The Sunday Mail (Brisbane), the Sydney Morning Herald, and The Sunday Times (Perth). He also writes for magazines and broadcasts on the radio.

For 30 years, he was the director of financial planning firm Whittaker Macnaught (which closed in 2013). He has a degree in accountancy.

Awards
 Australian Investment Planner of the Year (1988)
 Australian Centenary Medal (2003)
 Member of the Order of Australia (2011)

Books
25 Years Of Whitt & Wisdom
Aged Care, Who Cares?
Getting It Together
Golden Rules Of Wealth
Making Money Made Simple (24 editions)
Money Tips – The ABC Of Money Matters
The Beginner’$ Guide To Wealth
The Retirement Living Handbook
The Self Managed Super Handbook
Winning Property Tax Strategies
Retirement Made Simple
Superannuation Made Simple
10 Simple Steps to Financial Freedom

References

External links
 Sydney Morning Herald column
 Official Website

Australian financial writers
Australian businesspeople
Living people
Members of the Order of Australia
21st-century Australian writers
1940 births


The mayor of San Jose del Monte () is the head of the local government of the city who elected to three year terms. The Mayor is also the executive head and leads the city's departments in executing the city ordinances and improving public services. The city mayor is restricted to three consecutive terms, totaling nine years, although a mayor can be elected again after an interruption of one term.

The current mayor is Arthur Robes since June 30, 2016.

List of mayors of San Jose del Monte

See also
San Jose del Monte
San Jose del Monte's at-large congressional district
Angelito M. Sarmiento
Eduardo V. Roquero M.D.

Notes

References

Politics of San Jose del Monte
San Jose del Monte


The purple lady nudibranch, Paraflabellina funeka, is a species of aeolid nudibranch, and is a very colourful sea slug. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Flabellinidae.

Distribution
This species is endemic to the South African coast and is found only from Cape Point to Port Elizabeth in 5–30 m of water.

Description

The purple lady is a slender purple-bodied aeolid with red cerata having white tips. It is usually smaller than 45 mm. It has annulate purple rhinophores with pale tips. It has a pair of pale-tipped oral tentacles which are shorter than the rhinophores. It may also be seen in a white-bodied form, but the red cerata and annulate rhinophores are distinctive.

Ecology
This aeolid feeds on hydroids of the genus Eudendrium. In common with other aeolid nudibranchs, the cerata of the purple lady aid in respiration but also contain extensions of the digestive system. The purple lady eats the hydroid and passes its nematocysts unharmed through its digestive system to the tips of its cerata. Here the nematocysts mature and are then used by the nudibranch for its own defence. It is probable that the bright colours of the purple lady serve to advertise to predators that it is toxic.

Despite their common name, purple ladies are hermaphrodites. Their egg mass is highly convoluted and white.

References

Endemic fauna of South Africa
Flabellinidae
Gastropods described in 1981


Ḥontoria is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in Llanes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Villages
 Cardosu
 Hontoria
 Villaḥormes

References

Parishes in Llanes


Tocal (meaning 'plenty' in the local Aboriginal language) is a locality situated in the lower Hunter Valley, of New South Wales, Australia. Located approximately  north of Maitland, and about  north of Sydney it is located at the junction of the Paterson River and Webbers Creek.

Prior to European exploration, Tocal was home to the Gringai clan of the Wonnarua people. With European settlement, the area became the site of a major homestead and farm. Today the Tocal site has a collection of colonial farm buildings dating from the 1820s, a homestead, converted hay-shed visitors and function centre, and the CB Alexander Campus of Tocal Agricultural College and associated commercial farms.

History

The Tocal area is the traditional land of the Gringai clan of the Wonnarua people, a group of Indigenous Australians. Within the area are Aboriginal stone grindings indicating thousands of years of human activity.

In 1822 land of the area was granted by the colonial government to James Phillips Webber. Approximately 150 convict men and boys were living and working at Tocal between 1822 and 1840. They cleared the land, planted crops and built fences – transforming the area into a large farm. Some of the crops planted included wheat, barley, tobacco and grapes; there were also beef and dairy cattle, horses and merino sheep.

In 1834, Tocal was sold to Caleb and Felix Wilson, father and son. Four years later Caleb died, and in 1841 Felix built a homestead on the property which is still standing today. In 1844 Charles Reynolds began to lease the property from the Wilsons. During the period 1844 to 1926 the Reynolds family ran the property as a stud, breeding Hereford, Devon and thoroughbred studs – some of the best cattle and horses for the time. In 1865 Felix Wilson died and Tocal was willed by entail to his unborn grandson, David Wilson KC, who wasn't born until 1879. It was not until 1907 that Wilson sold Tocal to Charles Reynolds son, Frank.

In 1926 Tocal was sold to Jean Alexander, who lived there with her sister Isabella and brothers Robert and Charles Boyd Alexander.   Alexander's family had been blacksmiths and farmers at Nhill, owning 5000 acres in the area before moving to Tocal. Charles siblings Margaret and John had married, and hence been estranged from the family.   Jean died in 1938 and left the property to Charles, the youngest. The following year Margaret's daughters Myrtle and Marguerita Curtis came to live with Charles at Tocal.

CB Alexander updated the property with new technology and mechanisation.  He paradoxically indulged in the purchase of three Rolls-Royce vehicles, despite his continual frugality in general.  Realising his family line was at its end, he looked toward leaving the entire estate toward developing numerous agricultural colleges; As his estate still held land at 5 areas in NSW, he suggested numerous colleges – multiple at each area.  He died in 1947, leaving a complex will. The will was mostly disregarded as unworkable, but was implemented in spirit by eventually providing for the establishment of the CB Alexander Agricultural College, Tocal, under the Presbyterian Church. Work began on the college in 1963 and it was opened by the Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies in 1965. In 1970 the college was run by the NSW Department of Agriculture.

The Curtis sisters never married and continued to live at the homestead until their deaths in 1985, when management of Tocal Homestead passed to the CB Alexander Foundation. In 1987 Tocal Homestead was first opened to visitors. In 2002 the Tocal Homestead Visitor Centre was opened after extensive renovations to an existing hay shed. It is now a popular location for wedding receptions.

Heritage listings
Tocal has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 815 Tocal Road: Tocal College

Homestead

In 1841 Felix Wilson hired an architect (Moir) to design a homestead at Tocal. Originally built as a weekender, the building is a Colonial Georgian country house, with a five bay façade. Built of sandstock brick with a slate roof, the house is four rooms square with French doors onto a three-sided verandah. A separate kitchen with dining rooms are connected to the homestead by a covered walkway at the rear of the house. The sandstone was quarried at Tocal, the timber (cedar and hardwood) came from the area and even the bricks were fired on site. A ballroom upstairs has been converted into a master ensuite bathroom. CB Alexander installed one of the first residential electric elevators in the homestead (since removed), which was powered by a kerosene generator from one of the outbuildings. It sits atop a small hill, overlooking a lagoon. Several large fig trees were planted at the same time as the foundation of the building and still surround the homestead today.

College

The design of the college was open to competition, and the winning design was by Philip Cox and Ian McKay. The surrounding landscape was a major source of inspiration for their plans: College buildings were designed to fit into the hill-top, to become a part of the landscape with a chapel as the centrepiece. The college design won the Sulman and Blacket Awards for Architecture in 1965.

Field Days

In May 1984 the first Tocal Field Day was held.

Landscape

There is a variety of landscapes at Tocal: a lagoon, a mix of heavily timbered country, native/naturalised pasture, improved pasture, degraded improved pasture and European-style landscaping.

The large lagoon was one of the attractions of this area for both Aboriginal people and European settlers, providing a permanent source of fresh water for people and animals.  Tocal's proximity to the river was also a factor in  Europeans settlement as the river was a major transport route for 100 years.

With European settlement, much of the land was cleared of natural timbers and shrubs for building materials and to allow for crops and grazing. Recently, rainforest  and wetlands areas have been reintroduced, interspersed with small areas of agricultural land.  In contrast, around the lagoon are poplars and willows and other introduced species are on the homestead's hill.

The area around the homestead and College consists of open grassland with scattered trees. More native species, including tall spotted gums, are being planted but the area will remain grazing land. Rainforest restoration has commenced along Webber's Creek where remnant cedar and riparian vegetation remains.

The lagoon and wetlands are very changeable, for Tocal is subject to regular flooding. Whilst floods can inconvenience farm operations, the sediment left behind as the floodwaters recede has been vital to the fertility of these flats.

References

External links

 Tocal College
 NSW Government Tocal College
 Tocal Field Days

Suburbs of Maitland, New South Wales


La Borbolla is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in Llanes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.  It has a population of 155 inhabitants, and its parish church is dedicated to St. Sebastian.

Villages

References

Parishes in Llanes


Liphistius batuensis is a species of trapdoor spider from Malaysia. It is thought to be restricted to the Batu Caves and a cave in Templer Park, near Kuala Lumpur. It was first collected by H. C. Abraham in 1923, and has been described as a living fossil.

Adults build a nest about  long with an opening some  wide, from which six to 10 strands of silk radiate out  in a semicircle. The movement of an insect against these threads is detected by the spider, which then rushes out and captures the insect. Spiderlings build smaller nests, only  across, and seem to abandon these during development to build a bigger nest; intermediate sizes of nests are not seen.

Spiders of all ages may fall prey to cave-dwelling centipedes.

References

Liphistiidae
Cave spiders
Fauna of Batu Caves
Spiders of Asia
Spiders described in 1923
Endemic fauna of Selangor


Naves is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in Llanes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Villages

References

Parishes in Llanes


KNLX (104.9 FM, "New Life 104.9") is a commercial radio station allocated to serve Prineville, Oregon, United States. The station, which began regular broadcasting in 2008, is currently owned by Cowan Broadcasting LLC.  The KNLX signal also covers the metropolitan area of Bend, Oregon; in addition, New Life Radio also has another radio station, KNLR, in Bend Oregon.

Programming
KNLX broadcasts a Contemporary Christian music and teaching format. KNLX programming is a simulcast of sister station KNLR except from 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM when KNLX airs The Dave Ramsey Show.

History
This station received its original construction permit from the Federal Communications Commission on June 9, 2005.  The new station was assigned the call letters KWDP by the FCC on March 29, 2006.

In February 2008, Horizon Christian Fellowship reached an agreement to transfer the construction permit to Cowan Broadcasting LLC.  The transfer was approved by the FCC on April 18, 2008, and the transaction was consummated on April 30, 2008.  During the sale, the station applied to the FCC for new call letters and the station was assigned the current KNLX call letters by the FCC on April 10, 2008.

The station's second application for a license to cover was accepted for filing on July 7, 2008.  , the Commission has taken no further action on this license application, pending a licensing issue with KRSK (105.1 FM) in Salem, Oregon.

References

External links
KNLX official website

Contemporary Christian radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 2008
Prineville, Oregon
2005 establishments in Oregon
NLX


Magtanggol Tanjuan Gunigundo I (born December 11, 1964), also known as Magi Gunigundo, is a Filipino politician who last served as the representative of the second district of Valenzuela to House of Representatives from 2001 to 2004 and from 2007 to 2016. He also served as the representative of the now-defunct lone district of Valenzuela from 1998 to 2001.

He is an alumnus of the University of the Philippines Diliman.

Early life
Magtanggol Gunigundo, also known by his nickname Magi, was born to Filipino politician Magtanggol C. Gunigundo and Prof. Sylvia Tanjuan Gunigundo in Quezon City. His early education was at the University of the Philippines Integrated School. He finished his AB Political Science at the University of the Philippines Diliman in 1985 and Bachelor of Laws at Ateneo de Manila University in 1989. He was 13th Placer at the 1989 Bar Examination.

Career
He began practicing as an associate lawyer when he joined his father's firm in 1989. In 1990, he became a trial lawyer at the Economic Intelligence and Investigation Bureau of the Bureau of Customs until 1997. He became Special assistant for law enforcement at the Office of the Commissioner of Customs in 1992. In the same year, he became the chief of Special Anti-Smuggling Unit at the same office.

He was a senior partner at the Gunigundo-De Leon Law Office. In 1998 election, he became the representative of the lone district of the then-municipality of Valenzuela. He won re-election as representative of the new 2nd district of the newly chartered city of Valenzuela  in 2001.

In 2004, he lost the mayoralty election to 1st district Representative Sherwin Gatchalian, amid reports of widespread cheating and election fraud. In 2007, he ran for a comeback to Congress for Valenzuela's 2nd district and won in a landslide victory as Congressman, winning in all precincts and barangays of such district. He was reelected in 2010.

Gunigundo is the principal author of several national laws like Republic Act No. 9048 (also known as Gunigundo Law) that authorizes the correction of clerical errors in birth certificates and other civil registry documents  without the need of judicial order. The Gunigundo Law shortens the procedure for correction to less than three weeks and does away with the need for the services of a lawyer which is costly and the long litigation procedure in courts that could take between 6 and 24 months before the correction is permitted. It is now easier, faster and inexpensive to get the correction made. He also wrote two books about clerical law and customs modernization.

Gunigundo is also the principal author of Republic Act No. 10172 that amended several provisions of Republic Act No. 9048, expanding the power of local civil registrars to also correct errors in the date of birth (day and month) and gender in birth certificates. He is also the driving force in the adoption of the principles and framework of the  Mother Tongue- Based Multilingual Education (MTBMLE) as a key component of Republic Act  o. 10533 or the “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013” (also known as " K to 12 Act). Gunigundo is also the author of Republic Act No. 10535, better known as the "Philippine Standard Time Act that mandates synchronization of clocks with the time observed by PAG-ASA, the official timekeeper of the Philippines. Effective June 1, 2013, all government offices and media networks are now required to use Philippine Standard Time as a basis in set ting their timepieces.

In 2013, he narrowly defeated Councilor Shalani Soledad-Romulo for the congressional seat of the 2nd district of Valenzuela City. Being barred to seek reelection as representative, he ran for Mayor of Valenzuela in 2016 but lost to incumbent mayor Rex Gatchalian.

Gunigundo attempted a comeback to the Congress in 2019 and in 2022 but was unsuccessful in both instances to his successor, Eric Martinez.

References

|-

|-

|-

1964 births
Living people
Lakas–CMD politicians
Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Valenzuela, Metro Manila
Filipino evangelicals
People from Valenzuela, Metro Manila
University of the Philippines Diliman alumni
Ateneo de Manila University alumni


Lifea Blinec is an album by Muhal Richard Abrams which was released on the Arista Novus label in 1978 and features performances by Abrams, Joseph Jarman, Douglas Ewart, Amina Claudine Myers and Thurman Barker.

Reception
The Allmusic review states "Muhal Richard Abrams headed one of his finest small combos on this intense quintet session from 1978".

Track listing
All compositions by Muhal Richard Abrams
 "Bud P. (Dedicated To Bud Powell)" - 7:52
 "Lifea Blinec" - 10:02
 "Ja Do Thu (Dedicated To Jarman, Douglas & Thurman)" - 8:19
 "Duo 1" - 8:18
 "Duo 2" - 5:01
Recorded at Gravado Streeterville Recording Studio in Chicago, February, 1978

Personnel
Muhal Richard Abrams: piano, percussion, conductor
Joseph Jarman: bass saxophone, bassoon, alto clarinet, flute, soprano saxophone, percussion, vocals
Douglas Ewart: bass clarinet, soprano clarinet, bassoon, alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, percussion
Amina Claudine Myers: piano
Thurman Barker: drums, percussion

References

1978 albums
Muhal Richard Abrams albums
Novus Records albums


Johnston Hall may refer to:

in Canada
 Johnston Hall (University of Guelph), a historical residence building at the University of Guelph, Ontario

in the United States
 Johnston Hall-Seabury Divinity School, Faribault, Minnesota, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
 Johnston Hall (University of Missouri), a historic University of Missouri dormitory
 Johnston Hall (Elon College, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP
 Johnston Hall (Milwaukee, Wisconsin), listed on the NRHP
 Johnston Hall (Moravian College), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

Architectural disambiguation pages


Nueva  is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in Llanes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Villages
Nueva
Ovio
Llamigo
Picones
Riensena

References

Parishes in Llanes


Porrúa is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in Llanes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Villages
Porrúa

References

Parishes in Llanes


George E. Stoddard (January 7, 1917 – March 30, 2009) was a real estate financier who pioneered the use of the sale-and-leaseback transaction.

Stoddard was born in Perry, in Union County, Oregon, in 1917. His family moved east in 1928, living in Eastchester, New York. Stoddard earned a bachelor's degree from Brigham Young University, an MBA from Harvard Business School, and a law degree from Fordham University.

He worked for 34 years at the Equitable Life Assurance Society before joining W. P. Carey & Co. in 1979. At W. P. Carey, Stoddard chaired the independent investment committee, personally reviewing ever deal raised by the firms' acquisition team. "If he didn't approve of a deal, it wouldn't get done," William Polk Carey, the firm's chairman, is reported to have said.

References

1917 births
2009 deaths
American financiers
Brigham Young University alumni
Fordham University alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
20th-century American businesspeople


Cuma or CUMA may refer to:

Places and jurisdictions
In Europe
 Cuma (Euboea), former name of Kymi, a coastal town on Euboea island, Greece
 Cuma (Italy), an ancient Greek colony, near Naples
 its Diocese of Cuma (Italy), former bishopric and present Latin titular see
 Monte di Cuma, a mountain near Licola, Italy, in Naples province
 Cuma-ı Bala, an old Turkish name for Blagoevgrad in Bulgaria
 Eski Cuma, an old Turkish name for Targovishte in Bulgaria

Elsewhere
 Cuma (Aeolis), an Aeolian city in Asia Minor
 its Diocese of Cuma (Asia Minor), former bishopric and present Latin titular see
 Cuma, Azerbaijan, a village in Azerbaijan
 Cuma, Namibia, a village in the Rundu Rural East constituency of Namibia

People
 Tyler Cuma, a Canadian major junior ice hockey defenceman
 Cuman people, nomadic people in Eurasia

Mythology
 Čuma, a personification of plague in Serbian mythology

Abbreviations
 CUMA, a type of frogman's rebreather designed and made in Canada
 Canadian Urban Music Awards, awards given by the Urban Music Association of Canada

See also
 Kuma (disambiguation)
 Kymi (disambiguation)


Malim may refer to

Places
Malim Jaya, a township in Batu Berendam, Malacca, Malaysia
Tanjung Malim, a town in the state of Perak, Malaysia
Malim Nawar, a small town in Perak, Malaysia
Malim, a barangay of Tabina, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines

People
William Malim (1533–1594), English academic and author, head master of Eton College
Nigel Malim (1919–2006), Royal Navy officer

Other
Malim, an Empire ships coaster, formerly Empire Mayflower
Hikayat Malim Dewa, a Malay literary work


Pría is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in Llanes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Villages
Pria de la Cabuerna
Garaña
La Pesa
Llames
Piñeres
Silviella
Villanueva

Parishes in Llanes


This list includes properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Alamance County, North Carolina. Click the "Map of all coordinates" link to the right to view an online map of all properties and districts with latitude and longitude coordinates in the table below.

Current listings

|}

See also

 National Register of Historic Places listings in North Carolina
 List of National Historic Landmarks in North Carolina

References

Alamance County, North Carolina
Alamance County
Buildings and structures in Alamance County, North Carolina


Stacey Lauren Nelson (born April 12, 1987) is an American, former collegiate All-American, retired right-handed softball pitcher, originally from Los Alamitos, California. She played for the Florida Gators softball team from 2006-2009, leading the University of Florida to its first Women's College World Series berth in 2008 and a national runner-up appearance in the 2009 Women's College World Series. Nelson was also the 13th pick in the 2009 National Pro Fastpitch's draft by the defunct Washington Glory.
Nelson pitched for the United States women's national softball team in 2009 and 2010 before attending law school at Loyola Law School in Los Angeles. She is the Florida career record holder wins, ERA, shutouts and innings pitched. She also ranks all-time in several career categories in the Southeastern Conference and the NCAA Division I.

Early Years
Nelson was born in  Los Angeles County, California and raised in Los Alamitos, California.  She attended Los Alamitos High School, and was coached during her high school softball career by Jim Dolan. She set school records for career shutouts and single season strikeouts, while her high school won the Sunset League title all four years of her career. Her team were 2003 California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) Quarterfinalists and 2004 CIF Runners-up. She was named the team's Most Valuable Player in 2004 & 2005. Nelson was named to the All-Sunset League and All-County team twice and named 2005 Sunset League Pitcher of the Year and Los Alamitos High School's Female Athlete of the Year.

Florida Gators
Nelson began her career being put on the Southeastern Conference Freshman Team and setting a school  record in season saves. In her sophomore year, Nelson was named to the second team for both the Southeastern Conference and the NFCA. She broke the school records for season wins, strikeouts and innings pitched, all remain top-5 marks; her ERA, shutouts and opponents batting average were and continue to be top-10 all-time. The wins are also 10th best for the conference.

As a junior, Nelson made the NFCA First Team and was awarded Southeastern Conference Pitcher of The Year. Earning a conference pitching Triple Crown, she also broke her own season records in wins (led NCAA and set the Junior Class record), strikeouts and innings, while her ERA also improved to the top of the school list. Her opponents average, shutouts and strikeout ratio still rank top-10. In the conference her wins, ERA and innings also remain top-10.

On February 27, Nelson tied and set a school and career single game record fanning 16 batters vs. the Long Beach State 49ers. Winning pitcher Brooke Turner matched the total for 32 combined strikeouts, a top-10 NCAA record. Beginning on March 13, with an 8-4 victory over the Alabama Crimson Tide, the Gator went on a 26 consecutive game win streak, snapped by the UCF Knights on May 18. Leading her team to a No. 1 seed, the Gators reached the Women's College World Series and responded to an opening loss with three wins to get to the semifinals where they were eventually eliminated by the Texas A&M Aggies on June 2. Nelson was named to the WCWS All-Tournament Team.

For a final time Nelson was a NFCA First Team honoree and Southeastern Conference Pitcher of The Year. With a second conference Triple Crown and two no-hitters in tow, she set new school records in season ERA (tops in the NCAA), WHIP and shutouts, which helped her to the all-time season Triple Crown for the school. Her wins, strikeouts, innings, strikeout ratio (career best 8.7) and opponents average are top-5 records. The ERA and wins rank fifth for a Southeastern Conference season.

In a February 20 win against the Arizona State Sun Devils, Nelson collected her 100th victory. On April 4-May 3, Nelson achieved a career best 51.1 consecutive scoreless inning streak. She was 11-0 over 12 games (6 complete), whiffing 66 and surrendering 24 hits and 8 walks for a 0.62 WHIP. Later during that streak on April 26 and for one of her no-hitters, she also garnered the 1000th strikeout of her career, defeating the Arkansas Razorbacks. To reach that year's WCWS, she bested the Texas A&M Aggies on May 16 with a 14 strikeout performance in regulation for a career high. Repeating their previous tournament seeding, the team went undefeated in getting to the finals and Nelson pitched two shutouts before suffering back-to-back losses to eventual champions the Washington Huskies, concluding on June 2. She was again named All-Tournament for her efforts.

Nelson would graduate with and maintains the Florida career crown in wins, ERA, shutouts and innings pitched; her strikeouts, opponents average and strikeout ratio are currently top-5 all-time. Additionally, she ranks top-5 in all but the three latter categories for her school's conference. In the NCAA, her wins tie her at sixth place along with several season records.

Awards and honors
2007 - SEC Academic Honor Roll
2007 - NFCA All-Southeast Region
2007 - NFCA/Louisville Slugger All-American second team
2007 - Easton All-American Pitcher
2008 - SEC First Team
2008 - SEC Academic Honor Roll
2008 - SEC Tournament MVP
2008 - NFCA All-Southeast Region
2008 - NFCA/Louisville Slugger All-American first team
2008 - SEC Player of the Year
2008 - ESPN The Magazine Academic First-Team All-American
2008 - Easton All-American Pitcher
2009 - Top three-finalist for the 2009 USA Softball Collegiate Player of the Year
2009 - SEC First-Team
2009 - SEC Academic Honor Roll
2009 - NFCA/Louisville Slugger All-American first team
2009 - ESPN The Magazine Academic All-American of the Year
2009 - SEC Pitcher of the Year
2009 - Lowe's Senior CLASS Award
2014 - All-Brazilian Joao Pedro Tournament Champion

Law School
Nelson attended Loyola Law School from 2011-2014. After a career as a jail monitor at the Office of Inspector from 2014-2021, she began teaching at Loyola, working for the Project for the Innocent, and consulting on law enforcement-related issues via work for OIR Group.

Philanthropy
Her interest in child soldiers has grown into a project in northern Uganda. With the goal of creating jobs for those affected by the LRA War, Nelson is working to open a bread factory in Pader, Uganda.

Career Statistics

University of Florida

References

External links

Independent Alligator interviews Nelson
Sports Pundits discusses Stacey Nelson
Gainesville Sun talks about Nelson's performance
Nelson wins Ben Hill Griffin Award
ESPN's Graham Hays profiles Stacey Nelson -  Nelson carries stellar arm and a smile February 11, 2009
Stacey Nelson Softball 2009 Lowe's Senior CLASS Award
Sport's Illustrated On Campus Q&A Stacey Nelson May 30, 2008

1987 births
Living people
Florida Gators softball players
Loyola Law School alumni
Sportspeople from Los Alamitos, California
Sportspeople from Los Angeles County, California
Softball players from California
Los Alamitos High School alumni


Briseis foaled in 1873, was a brown Australian Thoroughbred filly that is regarded as one of the greatest mares ever foaled in Australia. As a two-year-old she won the AJC Doncaster Handicap and the weight for age (w.f.a.) AJC All Aged Stakes. Then as a three-year-old she won the VRC Victoria Derby (by 3 lengths, in record time), the 1876 Melbourne Cup (by 2 lengths) and the VRC Oaks, all within six days.

Breeding
She was a brown filly sired by Tim Whiffler (GB) out of Musidora by The Premier (GB). Musidora won the VRC Sires Produce Stakes, the VRC Queens Plate and other races. She was the dam of  six winners including, Miss Jessie, 1868 (won the VRC Victoria Derby) and Sea Spray, 1870 (won VRC St Leger Stakes and South Australian St Leger Stakes). Briseis belonged to an old Colonial Family, C5, that was not accepted into the General Stud Book, but it is included in the Australian Stud Book.

Briseis was bred, owned and trained by James Wilson at his St Albans stud near Geelong in Victoria.

Racing career

At the age of two years
As a two-year-old Briseis had three minor placings from five starts.  She was allotted 5 stone 7 lbs. (35 kg) and started 4/1 equal favourite in the AJC Doncaster Handicap at Randwick. Owing to the light weight she was allotted she was ridden to victory in the race by the 12-year-old, Peter St. Albans. At her next two starts she won a flying handicap and the w.f.a. AJC All Aged Stakes.

At the age of three years
As a three-year-old at the VRC spring carnival of 1876, Briseis raced on all four days.  She won the VRC Derby on the Saturday, (by three lengths and taking  seconds off the race record); the Melbourne Cup (again ridden by Peter St Albans, who was still 12 years old, to win by two lengths in record time from a record 33 starters), on the Tuesday; and the VRC Oaks on the Thursday creating a record that is never likely to be equalled. Briseis then finished second to Pride of the Hills in the VRC Mares' Produce Stakes on the Saturday. Her major wins were an AJC Doncaster H; AJC All Aged Stakes; VRC Derby; Melbourne Cup; and VRC Oaks all as a two and three-year-old.

She then raced four times in the autumn of 1877 before being sent to stud in 1879. Briseis was to be served by King of the Ring, and while hobbled she reared up and fell over backwards, fracturing her skull. Her death was a severe loss to the Australian bloodstock industry. While not widely recalled, Briseis' feats rank alongside any of the oft-heralded greats of the Australian turf.

Honours
The Briseis Tin Mine which was named after her became one of the richest mines in the southern hemisphere during the late 1890s. There is a race carrying her name at the Melbourne Cup carnival each year. The Briseis Gold Cup at Geelong is also named in her honour. The Geelong Racing Club has named the state of art Briseis Function Centre after her.

References

1873 racehorse births
Melbourne Cup winners
Victoria Derby winners
Racehorses bred in Australia
Racehorses trained in Australia


Prynnsberg was a manor built between 1881 and 1884 in Clocolan, Free State, South Africa, by Charles Newberry (1841–1922) who immigrated to South Africa in 1864 as a carpenter to join his older brother John, mining in Greytown and eventually gained enough holdings in the Kimberly diamond mining industry to stop actively mining and build his mansion. Charles's daughter was Winifred Brunton.

Pre-Prynnsberg years

When the Kimberly Mines opened in 1872, Charles Newberry spent seven years digging in the hottest Kimberly weather for diamonds gaining enough hold to be a shareholder in Cecil Rhodes Central Mining Company, which became De Beers. By the time Cecil Rhodes came to consolidate all the independent claims in the Big Hole to create De Beers Charles Newberry and his brother John had built up a substantial holding in "the big hole". When Rhodes's consolidation came about in 1879 Charles Newberry found himself free to pursue other ventures while John became a director of the newly formed De Beers. Having met and fallen in love with the daughter of a Lesotho-based missionary (Elizabeth Daniel daughter of the Rev John Daniel) while on a trip through the Eastern Free State he decided to make the Eastern Free State his home and along with his new wife set about the fulfilment of his dream of creating a classic English country estate in the wilds of Africa. Having purchased the foundation of the estate from a man named Prynn he christened his venture Prynnsberg in 1881. The estate – which in its heyday covered over 20,000 hectares of land lies on the edge of the Maluti Mountains under a sandstone cliff in the Thaba Nchu District.

Building Prynnsberg

The house began as additions to the original single story farmhouse and became a three-story, 20-room manor, constructed of finely crafted sandstone in the African veld. The estate included two churches, a vicarage, a gamekeepers' lodge, stables and various outbuildings. The house was built in old-world grandeur, becoming a national gem and, was decorated by the London firm James Shoolbred and Company of Tottenham Court Road. Prynnsberg includes enormous rooms of gold leaf and flocked wallpapers, intricate oak parquet, pressed leather panelling, rococo plaster ceilings, gilded cornices, elaborate tiled fireplaces, leaded windows and teak doors with Victorian stained glass and flamboyant friezes. Also there was a 700-Volt D.C. Dynamo which supplied power to the lathes refrigerator for the Cold Room where fruit from the orchard was stored.

Prynnsberg artefacts and paintings

Approximately between 1884 and 1900, Charles and his wife Elizabeth collected local cultural art, which were housed in a private museum. Most of the items were 19th century, including arguably the world's finest Nguni /Zulu sculpture and other Southern Bantu tribal items. The entirety of the collection came from Zulu, Xhosa, Venda, Sotho, Ndebele, Tsonga, Northern Nguni, and related peoples.
The many Egyptian artefacts around the Prynnsberg estate came from the well-known English Egyptologist Guy Brunton who was married to Charles' oldest daughter Winifred. Winifred Brunton who has also made a name for herself through her art created many murals and paintings within the house.

The golden years

During Prynnsberg's greatest years, when Charles still was head of the household, there were as many as 17 Europeans employed on the estate including a horticulturist, forester, tutor, two farm managers, stone cutters, masons and others. The estate often housed travellers of similar rank and guests such as: Lord Milner, the Duke of Westminster, President Steyn and Rudyard Kipling, who painted a frieze of Noah's ark in the night nursery. Amazingly, during the Boer War of 1899 to 1902, when Charles and his family moved back to Surrey, England for the duration, the estate was left unharmed, amongst the other farm burnings and destruction. mcdonalds wifi wayport_access

Charles Newberry's will

In an attempt to save the estate for future generations Charles Newberry invoked a South African inheritance clause that left the estate to the eldest son of the fourth generation to follow him ('fidae comissium').

What this amounted to was that the four generations to follow him would be merely trustees of the estate – on behalf of a yet to be born inheritor.

In his own mind Charles Newberry must have thought that the extent of the wealth he would be leaving behind would be more than enough to sustain the four generations that followed. This was not the case. Elizabeth Newberry outlived Charles by some eight years. By the time she passed the estate onto their eldest son Ernest (their first born John Daniel – twin to Amie – having been killed in a World War 1 flying accident) the substantial family holding in De Beers shares was gone, as was seemingly any working capital.

Herein lies the key to Prynnsberg's neglect over the generations that followed. Living in a vast house surrounded by the likes of Chippendale furniture and a priceless collection of art, antiques and rare artefacts but with no working capital, they found themselves trapped in a gilded cage.

Ernests' son Edgar (second generation inheritor) was recorded to have said that he "couldn't stand the place". Plagued by an addiction to alcohol – like his father and mother – his son Trevor proved to be the least capable of all at sustaining any sort of control over the crumbling estate. By the time Trevor Newberry died intestate of an alcohol-induced end in the late 1980s Charles Newberry's Prynnsberg dream lay in tatters.

Inheritance Breach

The true line of inheritance should have been as follows: Charles Newberry I, Edgar Edward Newberry, Trevor Newberry (no heirs), then back to Peter Newberry, then his son Robin Newberry, to Charles Newberry and then John Newberry. Due to the corrupt nationalist government of South Africa, the four-generation trust of the original will of Charles Newberry was allowed to be broken. The oldest son of the third generation, Trevor Newberry had no heir, yet instead of the inheritance passing on to the next male heir, Peter Newberry and through him, his son Robin, nationalist law caused the manor to pass back up the line to relatives of Trevor Newberry. Therefore, the four-generation trust was broken, leaving the true heir with nothing and Sotheby's was brought to auction everything in the bankrupt house in 1994. The much-anticipated auction was held in 1996.
Aged family heirlooms and portraits were carried off like prizes, but luckily, the over 300 cultural items held in the museum were purchased together by Ed Smith and shipped to a museum in San Diego before the general auction took place.
The current owner of Prynnsberg, which has been restored, is Rick Melvill, and the estate has been able to gain back some of its charm of the old days.

References

Houses in South Africa


Vidiago is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in Llanes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

References

Parishes in Llanes


Pape v Commissioner of Taxation is an Australian court case concerning the constitutional validity of the Tax Bonus for Working Australians Act (No 2) 2009 (Cth) which sought to give one-off payments of up to $900 to Australian taxpayers. The decision of the High Court of Australia was announced on 3 April 2009, with its full reasons released on 7 July 2009.

The plaintiff in the case, Bryan Pape, was a law lecturer and barrister who represented himself before the Court. He challenged the legislation on the ground that the payments, said to be a tax bonus, were actually a gift and were not supported by the taxation power in the Constitution. The Commonwealth argued that the legislation was supported by all or any combination of the appropriations power under s 81 of the Constitution, the taxation power (s 51(ii)), the external affairs power (s 51(xxix)), the trade or commerce power (s 51(i)) and the implied nationhood power.

The Court concluded, by a 4:3 majority, that the Act was a valid law of the Commonwealth supported by a head of legislative power under the Constitution.

Background

The economic stimulus package

On 18 February 2009, the Parliament of Australia passed two Acts: the Tax Bonus for Working Australians Act (No 2) 2009 (Cth) and the Tax Bonus for Working Australians (Consequential Amendments) Act (No 2) 2009 (Cth). The two Acts formed part of the Rudd Government's economic stimulus package in response to the 2008–09 global financial crisis.  The principal operation of the Acts was to pay tax bonuses of between $250 and $900 to Australians whose taxable incomes were no more than $100,000 in the 2007–08 financial year.  The Acts required the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) to pay the tax bonuses as soon as practicable after the Acts commenced.

The plaintiff

Bryan Reginald Pape was a lecturer in law at the University of New England and a former officer of the conservative National Party of Australia.

The Acts entitled the payment of a tax bonus of $250 to Pape. On 26 February 2009, Pape issued a writ in the High Court for declarations that the tax bonus Acts were unconstitutional, and that the payments of the tax bonus were unlawful.

Litigation

The respondents to the writ were the Commonwealth of Australia and the Commissioner of Taxation. The Attorneys-General for New South Wales, South Australia and Western Australia intervened. Pape represented himself.

At a hearing on 13 March 2009 before Justice Gummow, a special case was stated for the Full Court. Hearings were held from 30 March to 1 April.

To enable the ATO to pay the tax bonus to Australians, the High Court delivered its decision and orders at 10:15 am on 3 April 2009, just two days after the hearing.  The High Court did not issue reasons until 7 July 2009.

The parties agreed to submit four questions to the High Court for determination, by way of a special case:

1. Did Pape have standing to seek the relief claimed in his Writ of Summons and his Statement of Claim?

2. Was the tax bonus Act valid because it was supported by one or more expressed or implied heads of legislative power under the Constitution?

3. Would payment of the tax bonus to which Pape was entitled be supported by a valid appropriation under sections 81 and 83 of the Constitution?

4. Who should pay the costs of the special case?

Reasons

Standing

A preliminary issue in the case concerned whether Pape had standing to seek the relief he claimed. The Commonwealth conceded that Pape had standing to contend that the payment to him under the Bonus Act was unlawful, but submitted that Pape did not have sufficient special interest to argue the broader issue that the Bonus Act was invalid in its application to other persons. No member of the Court accepted this submission. A finding by the Court that the payment of the bonus to Mr Pape was unlawful because the Bonus Act was invalid would be binding in any subsequent disputes concerning the validity of the Bonus Act. Accordingly, if the tax bonus was invalid in respect of Pape, the entire $7.7 billion tax bonus package would be invalid. This was decided on based on the operation of the doctrine of precedent and the fact that as the Act was an "inseverable whole", Pape would have standing to challenge all provisions of the Act in his complaint.

Pape's standing as a plaintiff was novel in that his financial interests (to a $250 tax bonus) would be adversely affected if he succeeded in the case.

The answer to Question 1 of the special case was therefore "yes".

Constitutionality

"Appropriation power"

Section 81 of the Constitution provides,

All revenues or moneys raised or received by the Executive Government of the Commonwealth shall form one Consolidated Revenue Fund, to be appropriated for the purposes of the Commonwealth in the manner and subject to the charges and liabilities imposed by this Constitution.

Section 83 relevantly provides,

No money shall be drawn from the Treasury of the Commonwealth except under appropriation made by law.

The Commonwealth argued that section 81 is a grant of legislative power to the Commonwealth to make laws to appropriate money.  The Commonwealth also argued that the requirement that an appropriation be "for the purposes of the Commonwealth" meant the purposes determined by the Parliament; in other words, that the Parliament's power to make laws appropriating money was unlimited.

The Court unanimously rejected the contention of the Commonwealth that section 81 of the Constitution provided a power for the Commonwealth to appropriate and spend money. French CJ, after surveying the history of section 81 and previous High Court judgments held,

"In my opinion, the history, the text and the logic underlying the operation of ss 81 and 83 are inconsistent with their characterisation as the source of a "spending" or "appropriations" power, notwithstanding their description as such in some of the judgments of Justices of this Court"

The Court held that the expenditure of money by the Commonwealth was required to be undertaken either (a) by legislation under the Commonwealth's legislative powers; or (b) under the Commonwealth's executive powers.  Sections 81 and 83 cannot, on their own, support the spending of money by the Commonwealth.

Executive power
The Court, by majority (4:3; Hayne, Heydon and Kiefel JJ dissenting), held that the Bonus Act was a valid law of the Commonwealth Parliament, supported by s 51(xxxix) of the Constitution as being incidental to the exercise by the Commonwealth Government of its executive power under s 61 of the Constitution.

The answer to Question 2 of the special case was therefore "yes".

Taxation power

A majority of the Court, in obiter dicta (4:2; Hayne and Kiefel JJ dissenting in part, French CJ not considering the question), concluded that the Bonus Act could not be supported by the taxation power.

Existence of appropriation

Mr Pape argued that the money that was to be paid to taxpayers under the Bonus Act had not been appropriated from the Consolidated Revenue Fund by law, as required by s 83 of the Constitution. He also argued that even if there had been an appropriation by law, it was not an appropriation "for the purposes of the Commonwealth". Section 81 of the Constitution states: "All revenues or moneys raised or received by the Executive Government of the Commonwealth shall form one Consolidated Revenue Fund, to be appropriated for the purposes of the Commonwealth in the manner and subject to the charges and liabilities imposed by this Constitution."

The Court held 4:3 that there was an appropriation by law. Section 16 of the Taxation Administration Act 1953 (Cth) appropriated the Consolidated Revenue Fund for the payment of certain amounts the Commissioner is required to pay under any "taxation law". Section 3 of the Bonus Act had the effect of making the Bonus Act a "taxation law". The Bonus Act increased the amount of money to be withdrawn from the Consolidated Revenue Fund under an existing appropriation. That was sufficient to meet the requirement of s 83.

The Court held that sections 81 and 83 do not themselves authorise any expenditure; rather they require that the spending of government funds be authorised by Parliament. The answer to Question 3 of the special case was, therefore, yes.

Costs
There was no order for costs. During the hearing of the matter, the parties agreed that, whatever the outcome of the case, each party would bear its own costs.

Significance
Aside from the High Court's pronouncements on the scope of the Constitutional provisions in question, commentators have pointed out that the "immediate practical question raised by the decision, is the implications that it has for Commonwealth spending programs, whether or not supported by legislation". Professor George Williams stated Commonwealth may well find now that it's made what could amount to billions of dollars in illegal payments" and that it is "one of those very rare High Court decisions you get that's going to change the way government operates".

References

See also
List of High Court of Australia cases

High Court of Australia cases
Australian constitutional law
Taxation in the Australian Constitution cases
2009 in Australian law
2009 in case law


CUMA (Canadian Underwater Mine-countermeasure Apparatus) (commercially called SIVA+) is a make of rebreather underwater breathing set designed and made in Canada for the Canadian Armed Forces by Fullerton Sherwood Engineering Ltd to replace the Royal Navy CDBA.

The unit consists of a back mounted casing, containing its: carbon dioxide scrubber, oxygen supply, diluent supply (both spherical flasks), a mechanical ratio regulator, electronic PPO2 monitoring, and all of the valves and fittings. The remainder of the breathing loop consists of a pair of chest mounted counter lungs connected by the usual loop of wide corrugated breathing tubes running from and to the top of the backpack. It has a small bailout cylinder horizontally across the bottom of the backpack casing which is plumbed directly into the divers breathing loop.

It is a self-mixing semi closed circuit rebreather (SCR). A constant flow of oxygen is mixed with a diluent volume dependent on the ambient pressure. The deeper the diver dives, the more diluent is added, and thus the leaner the supplied breathing mix. The correct oxygen setpoint is monitored electronically and alerts the diver via a heads-up-display (HUD) if it is not being correctly maintained. The CUMA is capable for diving to a depth of 90 meters (295 feet) or a maximum working pressure of 10 ATA. It can be calibrated for the use of different diluents such as: air, trimix, heliox, or pure helium.

Its first prototype set was made in March 1987.

See also

References

Rebreathers


Meluan may refer to:
Meluan (state constituency), represented in the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly
Meluan, a coaster in service 1947-55


St Mary's Catholic College, (also known as St Mary's), is a Catholic co-educational secondary school in Cairns, Queensland, Australia.

St Mary's is situated behind its sister school, St. Gerard Majella, with most St. Gerard's graduates attending St Mary's the following year. The school which was founded in 1986 holds annual "Tours of the College" where parents can view the facilities at the college, however an appointment can be made to have a tour at any time of the year.

This school is operated by the Catholic Diocese of Cairns.

In January 2014 the school opened a $450,000 fitness centre to help students pursue a career in fitness.

School houses
St Mary's has four houses which are named after various bishops of Cairns and its surrounding dioceses. They are as follows:

 Cahill
 Heavey
 Hutchinson
 Murray

These four houses compete against each in many activities, including annual Athletics and Swimming Carnivals, Cross Country and Debating. These events build up to a House Cup which is awarded at the end of each year. A house is also awarded a Participation Cup, won by house points garnered a from voluntary participation in various activities throughout the year.

These houses also battle out every year for the "Best House" award, which is given to the house with the most awarded points throughout yearly carnivals, such as Athletics Day, Cross Country and Yearly Swimming Carnival, which is held at the Woree Pool Cairns.

Notable alumni
Marita Cheng, Roboticist and Entrepreneur
Rhys Tolhurst, Australian singer/songwriter

See also

 Catholic Education Cairns
 Catholic education in Australia
 List of schools in Far North Queensland

References

External links
 St Mary's Catholic College Website

Schools in Cairns
Catholic secondary schools in Queensland
Educational institutions established in 1986
1986 establishments in Australia


Spiral Live at Montreux 1978 is a live album by Muhal Richard Abrams recorded at the Montreux Jazz Festival and released on the Arista Novus label in 1978.

Reception
The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow states "Abrams' occasional use of devices from earlier styles (including a bit of dissonant stride and basslines à la Lennie Tristano) makes this music a bit more accessible than one might expect at times, but in general, this set is for listeners who enjoy hearing new approaches to musical freedom".

Track listing
All compositions by Muhal Richard Abrams
 "B Song" - 13:50
 "String Song" - 5:05
 "Voice Song" - 23:33
Recorded at the Montreux Jazz Festival, Switzerland on July 22, 1978

Personnel
Muhal Richard Abrams – piano

References

Muhal Richard Abrams albums
1978 live albums
Novus Records live albums
Solo piano jazz albums


Long Da Lishkara is an Indian Punjabi movie released in 1983 directed and produced by Harpal Tiwana.

Under Jagjit Singh's music direction Gurdas Maan sang "Challa" in this film. Jagjit Singh sang "Ishq Hai Loko," "Main Kandyali Thor Ve" and  for this film. The lyrics were written by Shiv Kumar Batalvi and "Sare Pindch Puare Paye" written by Inderjit Hasanpuri.

Cast
Raj Babbar - Raja
Om Puri - Dittu
Gurdas Mann - Channa
Nina Tiwana - Sardarni Sarup Kaur
Harpreet Deol - Preeto
Nirmal Rishi - Gulabo Maasi
Sardar Sohi - Taaya Naara
Mehar Mittal - Rurhiya Kubba
Manjit Maan - Taaro

References

External links
 Long Da Lishkara - RaagTune

Punjabi-language Indian films
1980s Punjabi-language films


Fernvale may refer to:
Fernvale, New South Wales, a town in Australia
Fernvale, Queensland, a town in Australia
 Fernvale, Singapore, a precinct of the Sengkang district, located in north-eastern Singapore
Fernvale LRT station, the light rail transit station that serves it
 Fernvale, Tennessee, an unincorporated community in the United States


The Towa Sanyo is a Chinese language primer compiled in Japan in 1716. It attempts to render Mandarin Chinese pronunciation and colloquial style.

Contents of Towa Sanyo
The Towa Sanyo is distributed in six chapters and each chapter has its individual procedure to represent the Chinese language. First three chapters introduce the compounds and phrases of characters that sorted by its meaning. The first chapter kan represented about “two-character and three-character expressions in Chinese with the proper Chinese pronunciation. The second and third chapter has three or more characters and includes set of Chinese idiomatic expressions, or Chéngyǔ (). The fourth chapter is about a talk of varying length (jotanwa). This chapter is mostly about fragment of conversation in various lengths. The fifth chapter groups two-character nouns in each individual topic and also includes short lyrics and folk songs. The last chapterchapter 6was added in 1718 and has two narratives. The valuable essence of these stories is that the pronunciations of Chinese characters as shown there indicates that the Chinese tone system was already established in Okajima’s time. The names of these two stories are, "Sun Ba Saves Someone and Comes into Good Fortune" (Sun Ba jiuren defu) and "Derong does a Good Deed and Gets His Rewards" (Derong xingshan youbao) (Pastreich, 45). By including these stories in the Towa Sanyo, Okajima distributed the heavy tension of speaking vernacular Chinese into the Chinese literatures.

The Chinese of the Towa Sanyo is mainly Mandarin in character. While it contains many usages from the literary language, above all the work set out to impart a colloquial style.

Function of how Towa Sanyo works with Japanese
The Towa Sanyo contains various types of colloquial forms in Chinese. These forms are constructed in pronunciation of Japanese language so that Japanese readers can easily read Chinese characters which are read in Mandarin Chinese. Once the Chinese syllable was pronounced in Japanese form, the Towa Sanyo demonstrates the simplification of Chinese colloquial form to show what the form actually meant to Japanese.  For example, , which was read in Mandarin as xiao jiang qi lai, was read in Japanese as , belonging in the sound gloss. Now, the Towa Sanyo uses the Japanese pronunciation to match with the Mandarin pronunciation, allowing the Japanese merchants, who frequently trade in the Jiangnan region, to study the texts of the Chinese language to pronounce Mandarin in Japanese.  There was a problem, however, that gave a way to having the Towa Sanyo to create a fragment of meaning for Chinese colloquial forms.  Since the Japanese could not understand Chinese colloquial meaning, the Towa Sanyo provides for the Japanese the meaning of the form in simple form.  As the above colloquial form, which means “to laugh”, the Japanese simplified that colloquial form by using the Japanese verb, , meaning “to laugh.”

References

Phonetic guides
Japanese books


Maeklong or Meklong may refer to:
 Mae Klong, a river in Thailand
Samut Songkhram, a city in Thailand
 Maeklong Railway, a railway connecting the city to Bangkok
 HTMS Maeklong, a Royal Thai Navy ship
 Meklong, a ship formerly owned by Pacific Shipowners Ltd.


An organigraph is a graphical representation of a company's structure or processes. It is used as an alternative to a traditional organizational chart as it does not imply the same degree of linear hierarchy that an organizational chart does.

Organigraphs are used to expose critical associations and competitive opportunities as opposed to viewing all parties, departments, and business units as separate entities. They also can reveal relationships between departments, products, supply chains, and more within an organization that might not otherwise be apparent. Business strategists, consultants, and academics use organigraphs.

Around the year 2000, Henry Mintzberg and Ludo Van der Heyden conceived the organigraph.

Organigraphs can be created as diagrams or as images which represent the nature of the firm. For example, a computer company's organigraph could be in the form of a computer. The hard drive could represent employees, the power supply could relate to its financing, and the web browser could indicate the firm's strategy.

See also

Ecosystem
Industrial ecology

References

Diagrams
Organizational structure


Yves Trudeau may refer to:
Yves Trudeau (artist) (1930–2017), Canadian artist and sculptor
Yves Trudeau (biker) (1946-2008), Canadian Hell's Angel, serial killer, and mass murderer

See also
 Yves (disambiguation)
 Trudeau (disambiguation)


Michael Haugen Jr. (born December 29, 1966) is a professional ten-pin bowler residing in Carefree, Arizona. He is a member of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA), having joined in 1994. He has won five PBA Tour titles overall, including a major title at the 2008 PBA Tournament of Champions. He also owns a major title on the PBA50 Tour, after winning the 2017 PBA Senior U.S. Open. Haugen is right-handed.

Career
Haugen first joined the PBA in 1994, competing as a Regional pro. He bowled in selected PBA Tour events in the 1996 and 1997 seasons, before becoming a full-time bowler on tour in the 1998 season. He has a unique power-stroker style, with the starting position having the ball held low, and a final "plant step," meaning he does not slide to the foul line. He was named the PBA West Region Player of the Year in 1997. In the 2002–03 U.S. Open, he finished runner-up to Walter Ray Williams, Jr.

Early in the 2007–08 PBA season, he won the Lake County Indiana Classic in Merrillville, Indiana over Wes Malott. In doing so, he won his first tournament in 200 attempts and qualified for the Tournament of Champions. Later that season, he became the second bowler in history to win his first PBA title and the Tournament of Champions major in the same season, joining Joe Joseph who accomplished the feat in 1962. In the Tournament of Champions, as the number 1 seed, he completed a stunning comeback by defeating Chris Barnes in the final by one pin, after trailing by 53 pins in the sixth frame. A finger injury cut his season short as he was forced to miss the final seven events of the year, but he did manage to bowl in the Motel 6 "Roll to Riches" event in April 2008. His earnings in the 2007–08 season eclipsed $100,000 for the first time in his career.

Injuries again curtailed his 2008–09 season, as he was only able to compete in seven events.  But he returned to start the 2009–10 season and made the TV finals for the PBA Viper Championship at the World Series of Bowling. He won his third PBA title at the Mark Roth Classic in Allen Park, Michigan on January 26, 2013.

Haugen won his fourth PBA title on November 2, 2014 in the Scorpion Championship at the World Series of Bowling in Las Vegas, Nevada. His fifth title was earned at the 2016 PBA Xtra Frame Gene Carter's Pro Shop Classic in Middletown, DE.

While still competing in selected events on the regular PBA Tour, Haugen also joined the PBA50 Tour (formerly PBA Senior Tour) in the 2017 season. He won his first PBA50 Tour title in a major tournament: the Suncoast PBA Senior U.S. Open held on June 16, 2017 in Las Vegas, NV. He was named 2017 PBA50 Tour Rookie of the Year.

Haugen won his second PBA50 Tour title on May 8, 2018 at the PBA50 Johnny Petraglia BVL Open, defeating Hall of Famer Walter Ray Williams Jr. in the final match. In July 2018, Haugen won his third PBA50 title at the River City Extreme Open. He was named PBA50 Player of the Year for 2018, locking up the points-based award with two tournaments remaining on the schedule. Haugen was the only player with two victories on the season, and also added two second-place and two third-place finishes. Haugen became the fourth PBA50 bowler to win both Rookie of the Year and Player of the Year awards in the same or consecutive years. Tom Baker and Norm Duke won both awards in the same year, while Mark Roth won the awards in consecutive years, like Haugen.

Through the end of the 2017 season, he had rolled 33 perfect 300 games in PBA events. He has accumulated over $830,000 in career PBA Tour earnings. In addition to his national tour victories, Haugen has won 23 PBA Regional Tour titles and two PBA50 Regional Tour titles.

PBA Titles
Major tournaments are in bold type.

PBA Tour
 2007  Lake County Indiana Classic (Merrillville, IN)
 2008 PBA Tournament of Champions (Las Vegas, NV)
 2013 Mark Roth Classic (Allen Park, MI)
 2014 PBA Scorpion Championship (Las Vegas, NV)
 2016 PBA Xtra Frame Gene Carter's Pro Shop Classic (Middletown, DE)

PBA50 Tour
 2017 Suncoast PBA Senior U.S. Open (Las Vegas, NV)
 2018 PBA50 Johnny Petraglia BVL Open (Farmingdale, NY)
 2018 PBA50 River City Extreme Open (Monticello, MN)

Awards
 1997 PBA West Region Player of the Year
 2017 PBA50 Rookie of the Year
 2018 PBA50 Player of the Year

Personal
He resides in Carefree, Arizona, and enjoys golfing and going to dance clubs. After qualifying for the TV finals at the 2014 PBA Scorpion Championship, Haugen told ESPN broadcasters he would propose on-air to longtime girlfriend Phuong Truong, only if he won the tournament. He made good on his promise during his post-tournament interview after his victory, and Truong joyously accepted.

References

1966 births
Living people
People from Carefree, Arizona
Sportspeople from Maricopa County, Arizona
American ten-pin bowling players


On the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, 114 native languages are spoken, all of which belong to the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the  Austronesian language family. With a total number of 17,200,000 inhabitants (2015 estimate, based on census data from 2010), Sulawesi displays a high linguistic diversity when compared with the most densely populated Indonesian island Java, which hosts 4–8 languages (depending on count) spoken by 145,100,000 inhabitants.

Classification
All but three of the languages of Sulawesi belong to one of the following five subgroups, which are almost exclusively spoken on Sulawesi:
Gorontalo–Mongondow languages
Sangiric languages
Minahasan languages
Celebic languages
South Sulawesi languages

The remaining three languages are affiliated to subgroups which are primarily found outside of Sulawesi. Indonesian Bajau belongs to the Sama–Bajaw languages, and is spoken by scattered, traditionally nomadic coastal communities (locally known as Bajo people) which are distributed in many areas of eastern Indonesia. Makassar Malay and Manado Malay are Malay-based creoles.

The Gorontalo–Mongondow languages are part of the Greater Central Philippine languages, and thus more closely related to the languages of the central and southern Philippines than to other  languages of Sulawesi. The Sangiric and Minahasan languages are included in the proposed Philippine subgroup, which also comprises the Greater Central Philippine languages and several other subgroups of the Philippines.

The Celebic and South Sulawesi languages are primary branches of Malayo-Polynesian.

Language vitality
Some languages, like Buginese (five million speakers) and Makassarese (two million speakers), are widely distributed and vigorously used. Many of the languages with much smaller numbers of speakers are also still vigorously spoken, but some languages are almost extinct, because language use of the ethnic population has shifted to the dominant regional language, e.g. in the case of Ponosakan, with four remaining speakers.

List of languages

Gorontalo–Mongondow languages

The Gorontalo–Mongondow languages are spoken in the provinces of Gorontalo, North Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi. The following internal classification is based on Sneddon & Usup (1986):

Mongondowic: Mongondow, Ponosakan
Gorontalic: Bintauna, Bolango, Buol, Gorontalo, Kaidipang, Lolak, Suwawa

Sangiric languages

The Sangiric languages are spoken in North Sulawesi, and in the southern Philippines on the Sarangani Islands off the southern coast of Mindanao. The following internal classification is based on Sneddon (1984):
North Sangiric: Sangir, Talaud (Sangil – not spoken on Sulawesi)
South Sangiric: Bantik, Ratahan

Minahasan languages

The Minahasan languages are spoken in North Sulawesi. The following internal classification is based on Sneddon (1978):
Tonsawang
North Minahasan: Tombulu, Tondano, Tonsea, Tontemboan

South Sulawesi languages

The South Sulawesi languages are mainly spoken in the provinces of South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi. Languages of the Tamanic branch are spoken outside of Sulawesi in West Borneo. The following internal classification is based on Friberg and Laskowske (1989):
Lemolang
Seko: Budong-Budong, Panasuan, Seko Padang, Seko Tengah
Northern
Mamuju
Mandar
Massenrempulu: Duri, Enrekang, Maiwa, Malimpung
Pitu Ulunna Salu: Aralle-Tabulahan, Bambam, Dakka, Pannei, Ulumanda'
Toraja: Kalumpang, Mamasa, Tae', Talondo', Toraja-Sa'dan
Bugis–Tamanic
Bugis: Buginese, Campalagian
(Tamanic: Embaloh, Taman – not spoken on Sulawesi)
Makassaric: Bentong, Coastal Konjo, Highland Konjo, Makassarese, Selayar

Celebic languages

The Celebic languages are primarily spoken in Central Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi, and also in parts of South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi. The following internal classification is based on the Ethnologue:
Tomini–Tolitoli languages
Tolitoli: Boano, Totoli
Tomini: Balaesang, Dampelas, Dondo, Lauje, Pendau, Taje, Tajio, Tomini
Kaili–Pamona languages
Northern
Kaili: Baras, Da’a Kaili, Ledo Kaili, Unde Kaili, Lindu, Moma, Sedoa, Topoiyo
Pamona: Pamona, Tombelala
Southern
Badaic: Bada, Behoa, Napu
Rampi
Sarudu
Uma
Wotu–Wolio languages
Wotu
Kalao–Laiyolo: Kalao, Laiyolo
Wolio–Kamaru: Kamaru, Wolio
Eastern Celebic
Saluan–Banggai languages
Eastern: Balantak, Banggai,
Saluanic: Andio, Batui, Bobongko, Saluan
Southeastern Celebic
Bungku–Tolaki languages
Eastern
Moronene
East Coast: Bahonsuai, Bungku, Koroni, Kulisusu, Mori Bawah, Taloki, Wawonii
Western
Interior: Mori Atas, Padoe, Tomadino
West Coast: Kodeoha, Rahambuu, Tolaki, Waru
Muna–Buton languages
Tukang Besi–Bonerate: Bonerate, Tukang Besi North, Tukang Besi South
Nuclear Muna–Buton
Buton
East Buton: Kumbewaha, Lasalimu
Cia-Cia
Munan
Busoa
Munic
Kaimbulawa
Western: Kioko, Liabuku, Muna, Pancana

See also
Languages of Indonesia

Notes

References

Further reading

Sulawesi


The 1996–97 ISU Champions Series Final was an elite figure skating competition held in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada from February 28 through March 2, 1997. Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The Champions Series Final was the culminating event of the ISU Champions Series, which consisted of Skate America, Skate Canada International, Nations Cup, Trophée Lalique, Cup of Russia, and NHK Trophy competitions. The top six skaters from each discipline competed in the final.

Results

Men

Ladies

Pairs

Ice dancing

External links
 Ice Skating International Online

1997 in figure skating
Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final


A number of motor vessels have been named Focomar, including –

, a coaster in service 1972–74. Ran aground on Andros Island, Greece and sank
, a bulker in service 2011–15. Sank in the Gulf of Aden

Ship names


Jushu Station (), formerly Fangcun Sports Center Station () or Jucun Station () during planning, is a metro station on the Guangfo Line (FMetro Line 1). It is located under the southwest of the Fangcun Sport Center () in Fangcun, Liwan District, Guangzhou. It started operation on 3November 2010.

Station layout

Exits

References

Foshan Metro stations
Railway stations in China opened in 2010
Guangzhou Metro stations in Liwan District


"Get Drunk and Be Somebody" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in December 2005 as the first single from Keith's album White Trash with Money. It was also his first single for Show Dog Nashville. It peaked at number 3 on the country singles charts. Keith wrote the song with Scotty Emerick.

Content
This song is a typical working man's anthem in which two workers who are depressed by their mundane jobs celebrate on Friday by drinking.

Music video
The live music video was directed by Michael Salomon and premiered on CMT on February 15, 2006. GAC cut the ending of the video out because of its suggestive language Keith tells the audience, referring to him shooting the video as part of the concert. During the bridge of the song, the lyrics pop up on screen, so the crowd can sing along.  It is a live performance clip that was filmed at a concert in Portland, Oregon at the Rose Garden Arena now named Moda Center.

Chart positions
"Get Drunk and Be Somebody" debuted at number 32 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks.

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2005 singles
2005 songs
Toby Keith songs
Songs written by Scotty Emerick
Songs written by Toby Keith
Show Dog-Universal Music singles
Music videos directed by Michael Salomon
Songs about alcohol


Arnold I was Count of Cleves from 1119 through 1147. Son of Dietrich I, Count of Cleves.

The County of Cleves (; ) was a comital polity of the Holy Roman Empire in present Germany (part of North Rhine-Westphalia) and the Netherlands (parts of Limburg, North Brabant and Gelderland). Its rulers, called counts, had a special and privileged standing in the Empire. The County of Cleves  was first mentioned in the 11th century. In 1417, the county became a duchy (; ), and its rulers were raised to the status of Dukes.

Its history is closely related to that of its neighbours: the Duchies of Jülich, Berg and Guelders and the County of Mark. In 1368, Cleves and Mark were united. In 1521 Jülich, Berg, Cleves and Mark formed the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg.  The territory was situated on both sides of the river Rhine, around its capital Cleves and roughly covering today's districts of Cleves, Wesel and the city of Duisburg.

With Ida of Louvain, daughter of Godfrey I, Count of Louvain, he had:
Dietrich II, Count of Cleves.

Counts of Cleves


Mustafa Akaydın (born 24 April 1952, in Çorum) is a Turkish politician of the Republican People's Party (CHP), who served as the mayor of Antalya, Turkey. Prior to his political career, Akaydın held positions as a professor, general surgeon and a rector of Akdeniz University.

Early life and academic career
Mustafa Akaydın was born in 1952 and received his primary and secondary education in Ankara and Istanbul. He graduated from the Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine in 1975.

Akaydın became a General Surgery Specialist at the Ankara University Medical Science Faculty in 1979. In 1980 he became a lecturer at Akdeniz University. In the following years, he became associate professor in 1984 and then professor in 1992. He also participated in a one-year training in Germany and the United States, in organ transplants and breast surgery.

From 1988 to 1990, Akaydın served as chairman of the Antalya Chamber of Doctors.

Akaydın worked as vice-rector of Akdeniz University from 1996 until 2004, and later as rector from 2004 to 2008. As rector he took a firm stance on the university's headscarf ban. He also served on the Inter-University Committee between the years of 2000 and 2008, becoming the committee's chairman in the last two years of his membership.

Politics
On 1 December 2008 Akaydın entered politics. He stood in the 2009 local elections as a candidate of the Republican People's Party, winning the mayorship of Antalya with 42.34% of the vote. He succeeded Menderes Türel of the Justice and Development Party (AKP).

Term as mayor
Antalya's bus drivers contributed strongly to Akaydın's March 2009 election victory. Akaydın had also promised to introduce a new electronic public transportation card system known as "Halk Kart", to replace the "Antkart" system introduced by his predecessor, Menderes Türel. However, The new system brought by Akaydın was considered too expensive by local people.

Antalya lost its host spot in the 2010 FIBA World Championship to Kayseri, when a shortage of funds halted construction of the necessary facilities. Some locals and city authorities felt the decision was politically motivated, as Akaydın's election was a defeat for the ruling Justice and Development Party, and Kayseri is the hometown of Turkish president Abdullah Gül.

Akaydın solved the serious sewage collection and disposal problem in Antalya, which involved construction of a new disposal center near Hurma. This center also produces electricity in order to reduce energy spending.

Defeat
Menderes Türel won back the Antalya mayorship in the tense 2014 elections, by a margin of just over 23,000 votes. Following the elections, security forces discovered a number of official documents being burnt, and Türel accused Akaydın of being responsible. After taking office, Türel launched a corruption investigation, which included a raid on Akaydın's home.

Personal life
Akaydın is married, and he has two children and one grandchild.

References

External links
 Official Web Site of Antalya Metropolitan Municipality

1952 births
Living people
People from Çorum
Contemporary Republican People's Party (Turkey) politicians
Mayors of Antalya
Members of the 25th Parliament of Turkey


Spihumonesty is an album by Muhal Richard Abrams which was released on the Italian Black Saint label in 1979 and features performances by Abrams, George Lewis, Roscoe Mitchell, Amina Claudine Myers, Youseff Yancy and Leonard Jones with vocals by Jay Clayton.

Reception
The Penguin Guide to Jazz awarded the album 3 stars stating "This drummerless band moves through the charts like information through a printed circuit, and there is an impressive simultaneity to some of the cues which suggests that at least that some of this music was predetermined and meticulously rehearsed". The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide said "what should be a good band doesn't come up with much".

Track listing
All compositions by Muhal Richard Abrams
 "Triverse" - 6:01
 "Inneroutersight" - 4:51
 "Unichange" - 8:44
 "Spihumonesty" - 6:23

Personnel
Muhal Richard Abrams: piano, synthesizer
Roscoe Mitchell: alto saxophone, flute
George Lewis: trombone, synthesizer, sousaphone
Leonard Jones: bass
Amina Claudine Myers: piano, organ, electric piano
Youseff Yancy: theremin
Jay Clayton: vocals

References

1979 albums
Muhal Richard Abrams albums
Black Saint/Soul Note albums


Lorinda may refer to:
Lorinda (given name)
SS Lorinda, an Empire ship