Augmented learning is an on-demand learning technique where the environment adapts to the learner. By providing remediation on-demand, learners can gain greater understanding of a topic while stimulating discovery and learning.
Technologies incorporating rich media and interaction have demonstrated the educational potential that scholars, teachers and students are embracing.  Instead of focusing on memorization, the learner experiences an adaptive learning experience based upon the current context. The augmented content can be dynamically tailored to the learner's natural environment by displaying text, images, video or even playing audio (music or speech). This additional information is commonly shown in a pop-up window for computer-based environments.

Most implementations of augmented learning are forms of e-learning. In desktop computing environments, the learner receives supplemental, contextual information through an on-screen, pop-up window, toolbar or sidebar. As the user navigates a website, e-mail or document, the learner associates the supplemental information with the key text selected by a mouse, touch or other input device. In mobile environments, augmented learning has also been deployed on tablets and smartphones.

Augmented learning is often used by corporate learning and development providers to teach innovative thinking and leadership skills by emphasizing “learning-by-doing”. Participants are required to apply the skills gained from e-learning platforms to real life examples. Data is used to create a personalized learning program for each participant, providing supplemental information and remediation.

Augmented learning is closely related to augmented intelligence (intelligence amplification) and augmented reality. Augmented intelligence applies information processing capabilities to extend the processing capabilities of the human mind through distributed cognition. Augmented intelligence provides extra support for autonomous intelligence and has a long history of success. Mechanical and electronic devices that function as augmented intelligence range from the abacus, calculator, personal computers and smart phones. Software with augmented intelligence provide supplemental information that is related to the context of the user. When an individual's name appears on the screen, a pop-up window could display a person's organizational affiliation, contact information and most recent interactions.

In mobile reality systems, the annotation may appear on the learner's individual "heads-up display" or through headphones for audio instruction. For example, apps for Google Glasses can provide video tutorials and interactive click-throughs, .

Foreign language educators are also beginning to incorporate augmented learning techniques to traditional paper-and-pen-based exercises. For example, augmented information is presented near the primary subject matter, allowing the learner to learn how to write glyphs while understanding the meaning of the underlying characters. See Understanding language, below.

Just-in-time understanding and learning
Augmentation tools can help learners understand issues, acquire relevant information and solve complex issues by presenting supplementary information at the time of need or "on demand." This contrasts with traditional methods of associative learning, including rote learning, classical conditioning and observational learning, where the learning is performed in advance of the learner's need to recall or apply what has been learned.

Snyder and Wilson assert that just-in-time learning is not sufficient. Long-term learning demands continuous training should be individualized and built upon individual competencies and strengths.

Understanding language
Augmented learning tools have been useful for learners to gain an enhanced understanding of words or to understand a foreign language. The interactive, dynamic nature of these on-demand language assistants can provide definitions, sample sentences and even audible pronunciations. When sentences or blocks of text are selected, the words are read aloud while the user follows along with the native text or phonetics. Speech rate control can tailor the text-to-speech (TTS) to keep pace with the learner's comprehension.

The use of augmented learning has already been implemented in schools across the world. New technology is constantly being developed to hone the skills of students both in and out of the classroom. People other than students can also use these resources to learn or develop their own language skills on their own time and in the language they choose to learn. Websites such as Rosetta Stone have been around for a number of years and allow for people of all ages from all around the world to learn a new language. Many of these applications and websites are pay to use. One application that allows for free learning is Duolingo that allows for both free learning and paid learning. Augmented learning allows for real time answers to student's quizzes and tests that provide feedback quicker than in class discussion. This type of feedback also allows for students to move through the class at their own pace. If an answer is correct the student may move on to new and more challenging questions. While if the answer is incorrect the student may be prompted to study more and are given more practice questions based on the incorrect answer. In an in-person classroom students have to move at the pace of the rest of the class which may cause students to not gain a full understanding of the content and leave many struggling to keep up. The use of it also has shown more correct answers up to 95% of the time for their reading. Most forms of augmented learning can be found on the internet through websites apps on your mobile device. This allows for students and regular people that are interested in learning a new language the ease of access not found in a standard textbook. This also allows for learning where every you may go without the restriction a classroom would hold. These applications also allow for more direct one on one instruction that would not be found in a classroom of twenty plus students. Students are able to submit an answer and get an immediate score back for their work. The downside of augmented learning for language learning is that it may end up putting language teachers out of the job. As these programs develop, they may prove to be far more effective at teaching students than a physical teacher ever could be. This would put thousands of language teachers across the globe out of the job and force them in fields they may not enjoy as much. Other problems associated with augmented language learning is the extensive use of technology with no face-to-face learning. Students may suffer from fatigue from sitting at a computer for hours a day which would affect their learning and development in the class. Social isolation from online language learning may also occur. It would affect students' mental health not having regular face to face interaction with other students. While this may kind of learning may help some students it could have severely harmful effects on others. Tech problems are also an everyday problem we all struggle with. Issues with the website or application may cause students to miss assignments or an online class and harm their grade because of an issue they have no control over. Issues like this presented themselves fully when the covid-19 pandemic began and showed that many students would have technology issues leaving them stranded in their learning. The use of augmented learning poses many pros and cons that may entice schools to adapt and use the programs provided to a greater extent. As these programs grow and develop, more and more students will become more efficient in the classroom and any real-world situations where they can use the information gained from augmented learning to their advantage.

Understanding Science
Augmented reality has come a long way in the science field, but it is still in its infancy. They have started using webcams, making them read a certain marker label, then an object where the label would be comes up on the screen. Developers are continuing to gather information on how AR (augmented reality) could take its part in the learning environment. Over the past few years there have been technologies added to the classroom such as computers, laptops, projectors, white boards and much more. It is allowing students to be more engaged in what is happening.

Students are also now able to take notes without having to listening to what the teacher is saying, but instead writing what they typed on the projector. The notes can be more thorough and to the point, rather than an entire explanation. With the help of AR we can also see pictures on the board showing students the space in between certain objects such as planets or atoms.

In modern times, augmented learning can help students understand complex topics with more success than the traditional model. One such example of a complex scientific topic benefiting from a virtual environment is continuous distillation. This topic is usually challenging for students to grasp as a diagram can only show states rather than a continuous change. Practical experiments are also less effective as the distillation process cannot be seen through the vessel it occurs in.

A study on augmented learning with the topic of continuous distillation states, "Overall, the authors garnered that the use of virtual tools helps enhance and enrich the students’ learning by increasing their understanding of key concepts and promotes interest in the subject matter." This conclusion was made because the test scores of students with the augmented learning method performed significantly better than the students who did not experience the augmented learning method. This is caused by the augmented learning application’s ability to look inside the vessel the process takes place in throughout each step of the process. When given a complex topic that is hard to visualize, augmented learning can provide a view to a student that aids in their learning. It was also found to be beneficial when the students could engage with this medium in their own time rather than it being accessible only within the classroom, as the application was always available to the students through their phone. As the level of basic technology rises, it becomes more feasible for teachers to shift their focus away from creating the learning environment and instead supplementing the learning tools.

Outside of the classroom, augmented learning is important for informal STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) education. This form of education can be seen within museums, science centers, and anywhere outside the classroom. With widespread use of smart devices, augmented reality is feasible to incorporate into every person’s education. Pokémon GO, the 2016 hit mobile game, actively pushed their augmented reality features. This was the first example of widespread use of augmented reality that opened over 750 million people to the idea of the virtual world interacting with our own. The STEM field began to take notice and implemented this innovative technology into museum exhibits and other informal learning environments.

An investigation of seventeen published papers about augmented learning in informal settings found that sixteen of these papers were based on scientific fields. This is understandable when the common informal learning environment is museums that are commonly focused around STEM. Augmented learning exhibits found that they could engage a younger demographic easier than the practically demonstrated exhibits. Augmented learning for scientific purposes outside the classroom is widespread and accessible in the modern day.

Furthermore, augmented learning research is mostly centered around how it affects the scientific field. Papers published between 2013 and 2018, the most common topics examined were mobile and e-learning environments. The most common subject discussed within these papers is science education. This makes sense as the field of science is directly correlated with augmented learning methods, such as easy access to technology and virtual environments.

Scientific education is an especially easy to implement field for augmented learning. Many scientific topics are challenging to visualize with still images or in person demonstrations, but with modern tools the experience is improved. The study on continuous distillation proves the efficacy of a virtual environment that can provide additional context, even over a practical demonstration. The adoption of higher technology from the public, especially when the students are the main users of this technology outside the classroom, leads to the methods using it to be more impactful to their learning experience.

Making learning fun
One researcher has suggested that handheld devices like cell phones and portable game machines (Game Boy, PlayStation Portable) can make an impact on learning. These mobile devices excel in their portability, context sensitivity, connectivity and ubiquity. By incorporating social dynamics in a real-world context, learning games can create compelling environments for learners.

At the Allard Pierson Museum in Amsterdam, visitors view information on-demand at the "A Future for the Past" exhibit. In a virtual reconstruction of Satricum and the Forum Romanum, users can call up information that is overlaid on room-sized photos and other images. The museum uses both stationary displays and mobile computers to allow users to view translucent images and information keyed to their specific interest.

The issue with todays generation is that it is difficult to hold their attention for any longer than a few minutes. This can come from several different reasons. The students could have ADHD, a short attention span, difficulty focusing, they could just not be interested in the information they are learning, or not be interested in school in general. Even so, its the job of the teachers to keep their attention and make them interested. There are many different ways to go about this, but a good way to accomplish this is by making learning fun. Today’s generation is one of technology, so a good way to make learning fun is by using technology. Since kid are more adept with technology, it gives a chance for school and teachers to become more adept with them too in order to reach their students and make them want to learn. For example, if schools and teachers wanted to teach their students about construction and building creativity, then the teachers can have their class play a game called Minecraft, which is an open world creativity based game, or a game called Homemaker, its basically similar to the house building feature of the Sims games. Or, if they want the students to learn about math and other subjects they could have them play CoolMathGames At the current moment, just about every grade and the majority of schools, from pre-school to college, use technology to help students learn and make learning fun.

Games

Throughout the years schools have found several different games that are more learning focused. For example, on mobile devices there is stack the state and stack the countries that help you learn about the states/countries as well as learn about geography. Also, there is a game call alchemy that is more science based with a little bit of fun to it. There are also several other games that help you learn about a variety of subjects, and one of those games that is mainly used in elementary schools is a website called CoolMathGames. As the name suggests, the main subject of learning is math, but it also teaches other subjects too. It has thousands of games that works on many different areas of learning. Its goal, as well as its sister websites Coolmath and coolmath4kids, is to match learning with fun and games. Although the website is getting close to 30 years old, they are still helping students to this day.

English Learning

Learning English can be difficult no matter what age you are, but learning a language can be difficult for the younger age group due to retention and learning capabilities. But, with the use of technology it can help be made easy. Nowadays, one can listen to the pronunciation, look up spelling, and all sorts of things to help better a students education.

In more recent years, learning English has been made much easier through the use of Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality technology. These technologies have allowed users to access language learning in methods not available previously, eliminating the need for a human tutor, and specialized institutional education. For a majority of these technologies being developed, English has been the focus, as it's a major lingua franca. However, these projects are being expanded to include major languages, minor languages, and even fictional languages such as 'Klingon' from the series Star Trek in the popular app Duolingo.

A company known as 'Speaksy Labs' introduced their app 'Speak' which allows the user to be connected with a personal, AI tutor. With more popularized apps such as Duolingo, the user was only able to practice writing, reading, and basic speech. Starting with Speak, user's are able to have full on conversation, eliminating the need to find a personal human tutor. Studies done on English learning apps suggests that the design of these Artificial Intelligence apps are boosting user's English skills, making them a valuable resource for those trying to learn the language. The Artificial Intelligence can be trained to give the user specific feedback, including pronunciation, accent, and tone.

Virtual Reality is another effective tool for English learning through it's virtual environments, and high level of interaction. Studies have shown that activities that require movement help the users understand language more, especially with younger audiences. Since these virtual environments are boundless, they have access to many resources that can be provided in teaching language lessons. For example, you could hold an apple in a Virtual Reality setting and the word 'apple' can be said so that the user correlates the word with the object. Research conclusions suggest that most children obtain higher scores and satisfaction than those who don't use Virtual Reality technology for their learning.  Virtual environments allow the students to see places they may not have visiting before, eliminating the need for travel costs.

A case study into the 'Elsa Speak' app showed similar results as to what was previously shared. In higher learning, the study found that students gained a boost in their English comprehension, allowing them to speak, write, and read the language more efficiently . Now, the Elsa Speak app and various counterparts are breaking into different languages, appealing to groups across the world.

Application of technology in college

With the expansion of the uses of technology students are able to learn in all sorts of matters. For the most part, college students nowadays have classes, assignments, homework, and projects online via different websites and turn them in via those websites. And now, teachers have found a practical use for some new technology within the classrooms. For example, schools nowadays have pieces of technology to help classes. Some school in medical schools a giant tablet the size of a table and use it to show bones, blood vessels, veins, and other parts of the body. In other colleges with similar programs they have games that they use in specific class subjects. They use these games to learn how to examine or in practical use they could learn how to work in their field of study with the help technology.

High School and College education departments have started relying on forms of play to better understand class material. Quiz games, questionnaires, and team strategy games have been implemented to better help students understand class material. These technologies are also used to determine attendance which can be part of a students grade, by using the questionnaires to determine who was in class on a particular day. Even in higher education, research has found that learning through play keeps students involved in the material. In larger lecture halls, questionnaires are more prevalent, while team focused games are used in smaller class settings. In addition, specialized software allow students to present ideas in more effective ways. Some users are able to make their own websites, interactive portfolios, or just make simple PowerPoints. These various methods of learning engage the students in the class, while effectively preparing them better through exposure to the material in different ways.

Is augmentation really "learning"?
Critics may see learning augmentation as a crutch that precludes memorization; similar arguments have been made about using calculators in the past. Just as rote learning is also not a substitute for understanding, augmented learning is simply another faculty for helping learners recall, present and process information.

Current research suggests that even unconscious visual learning can be effective. Visual stimuli, rendered in flashes of information, showed signs of learning even when the human adult subjects were unaware of the stimulus or reward contingencies.

One way to look at augmentation is whether the process leads to improvement in terms of signal to noise ratio for the individual learner. Diverse predispositions among varied learners means there can be great disparity in signal processing by different learners for any one particular instruction method.

Although people have their doubts about the effectiveness of augmented and virtual reality in classrooms, they are very useful tools for teachers and educators around the world. It is proven by studies that AR can improve student understanding of complex or invisible structures. AR and VR are capable of introducing children to new concepts in fun and encouraging ways that they cannot get from a chalk board or classroom. Not only do these realities help children learn, but they also help researchers identify what specific traits aid or hinder a child’s learning capabilities.

These mediums for education include the ability to perform experiments virtually rather than in-person due to them proposing risk or health concerns. One study conducted was focused on the understanding of electromagnetism; In comparison to a non-AR environment, AR proved to increase the students’ ability to visualize structural phenomena, reduced cognitive load, and improved motivation and self-confidence. However, this seems to only be the case for physical experiences, and there has not been anything to prove AR’s dominance in a person’s understanding of theoretical concepts. It is for this reason that AR will not take over classrooms entirely but will be a great advancement in children's understanding of STEM concepts.

It is important to remember that this is still an under-researched and relatively new technology for schools to implement. The technology that is used for creating AR experiences dates back to 1990, however, it was not widely used for educational purposes until around 2010. There is a lot that can be done to improve how AR is used in educational settings. It is also to be noted what types of studies were conducted. A large portion of the research documented is narrative-based and qualitative literature reviews, however, some suggest that it would be more accurate and credible to perform meta-analyses. A meta-analysis is in short, a way of gathering lots of individual research experiments and studying them to make more predictions on what the information tells us. This will provide a more valid representation of data found due to the sheer number of studies that were incorporated, along with the studies differing in their research methods, rather than the findings of just one case.

AR opens a whole world of exploration for people to be able to not only learn, but to want to continue learning. Through the use of 3D VLE's, AR allows people to travel to any place that they like in seconds that would otherwise be either expensive or impossible to get to. This means that a person can be anywhere in the world and immerse themselves in the culture of the place that they travel to. AR makes travelling and studying phenomena more interactive and entices us to keep using it because of its easy access and fun nature.

While AR is helpful in classrooms, it is found that informal learning settings, outside of the classroom, have a higher impact on a student's learning. There has not yet been a study with a large enough sample size to compare how AR effects learning in these informal settings, but as stated in the second paragraph of this sub-section, even unconsciously, people are able to learn through AR with no stimulus or reward.

The group that AR has the most influential benefit on is Bachelor or equivalent level. It is believed that AR is less effective for younger children because of the complexity of operation and the overload of information. The study also backs up the previous claim that AR has a greater effect on individuals in engineering, manufacturing, and construction fields, and proves that social science understanding is not aided.

Augmented Learning in Education
Augmented learning has allowed not only students to learn, but also their parents. Tools like mobile games have made it easier for parents to understand more fully what their child is learning in school. Technology brings the child's content to a new platform which is helpful to parents when trying to make meaningful connections to what their child is learning in school. Furthermore, augmented reality has brought a new way of learning to young children to have the ability to articulate words. By using marker labels in books that are read by a tablet, making pictures appear on the screen along with audio narration for enhanced reading.

Augmented Reality in education has the potential to change the timing and location of the conventional learning process. This style of learning introduces new methods of studying. With the boom of technology and younger students being the biggest users, the learning platform has the ability to connect this generation and their smartphones to gain knowledge. Though it has yet to be fully discovered, Augmented Reality in education is looking to become a large market.

This style of learning can gain attention and expand the students interest in subject and topics he would not learn or come across in the conventional classroom lecture. Extra data such as fun facts, visual models, or historical data from events could give a wider understanding of the topics being taught. The learning platform hopes to explain abstract concepts, engage and interact with the learner, and discover and learn additional information about what they what to learn.

See also
 Electronic learning
 Evidence-based learning
 Intelligence amplification

References

Sources
 Karacapilidis, Nikos (2009). Solutions and Innovations in Web-Based Technologies for Augmented Learning: Improved Platforms, Tools, and Applications. PA: IGI Global. ,
 Milne, Andre J. (1999). Shaping the Future of Technology-Augmented Learning Environments: Report on a Planning Charrette at Stanford University. https://web.archive.org/web/20100708025551/http://www-cdr.stanford.edu/~amilne/Publish/SCUP-34_Abstract.PDF

External links
 Loqu8 iCE Augmented learning software for understanding Chinese. Point or highlight Chinese text in webpages and documents. Displays definitions (in English, German and French), Pinyin and Bopomofo. Reads words aloud in Chinese (Mandarin, Cantonese).
 Augmented reality  Augmented Reality Technology Brings Learning to Life

Learning
Cognitive science
Intelligence


Weißer See (literally "White Lake") may refer to:

Weißer See (Potsdam)
Weißer See (Berlin)
Weißer See (Kargow)

See also
Weissensee (disambiguation) (Weißensee)
White Lake (disambiguation)


{{Speciesbox
| image = Quercus glaucoides follaje.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 21 November 2022">{{cite iucn |author=Wenzell , K. |author2=Kenny, L. |date=2017 |title=Quercus glaucoides|volume=2017 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/78920905/78920908 |access-date=26 November 2022}}</ref>
| genus = Quercus
| display_parents = 2
| parent = Quercus sect. Quercus
| species = glaucoides
| authority = M.Martens & Galeotti
| synonyms_ref =
| synonyms =
}}Quercus glaucoides is an oak species in the white oak section, Quercus section Quercus, found in and endemic to eastern, central and southern Mexico (Guanajuato, Guerrero, México State, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Puebla).

Description Quercus glaucoides is primarily a canopy tree in its native habitat. It is an evergreen tree up to  tall with a trunk diameter of over . The leaves are thick and leathery, up to  long, with a few shallow rounded lobes.

Its scientific name is often misapplied to the NE Mexican and central Texas native Lacey oak (Quercus laceyi), which has caused great confusion about the true identity of this species and the correct scientific name for the Lacey oak. Although somewhat related, they do not share the same native range, with Q. glaucoides being endemic to Mexico, while Q. laceyi is native to both northeast Mexico and central Texas, and Q. glaucoides is evergreen, while Q. laceyi'' is deciduous.

References

External links
Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt Pine-Oak Forests containing Quercus glaucoides
Mexican National Herbarium specimen of Quercus glaucoides

glaucoides
Endemic oaks of Mexico
Plants described in 1843
Flora of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt


Bari Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Sabinus, ( or Cattedrale di San Sabino) is the cathedral of Bari, in Apulia, southern Italy. The cathedral is the seat of the Archbishop of Bari-Bitonto, as it was previously of the archbishops, earlier bishops, of Bari. It is dedicated to Saint Sabinus, a bishop of Canosa, whose relics were brought here in the 9th century. It is senior to, though less famous than, Apulia's Basilica of St Nicholas.

The present building was constructed between the late 12th and late 13th centuries, mostly in the last thirty years of the 12th century, and was built on the site of the ruins of the Imperial Byzantine cathedral destroyed in 1156 by William I of Sicily known as the Wicked (il Malo); to the right of the transept it is still possible to observe traces of the original pavement which extends under the nave.

History

The documented presence of a bishop in Bari goes back to Gervasius, who attended the Council of Sardica in 347, and his successor Concordius, who was present at the Synod of Rome of 465, although names of their predecessors are preserved by tradition, beginning with Saint Maurus in the 1st century. The bishop was elevated to an archbishop in the 6th century, and the presence of a cathedral in Bari is ascertainable from the same period. Under the present nave are traces of an ancient church building with an apse, from the period before the first millennium, which had three aisles and square pilasters, and foundations on an axis slightly out of alignment with that of the present cathedral. One of the mosaic pavements bears an inscription with the name of Bishop Andrea (758 - 761) and it seems highly likely that these are the remains of the first cathedral, which was destroyed in the 9th or 10th century.

In the first half of the 11th century the then archbishop (1025–1035) ordered the construction of a new episcopal church, which was finished under his successors Nicola I (1035–1061) and Andrea II (1061–1068). This church was then destroyed by William the Wicked (William I of Sicily) along with the rest of the city (only the Basilica of St. Nicholas was spared), which took place in 1156. At the end of the 12th century Archbishop Rainaldo began the reconstruction of the cathedral, reusing materials from the preceding church and other destroyed buildings. Consecrated on 4 October 1292, the new cathedral was built in the style of the Basilica of St. Nicholas, which had served as the episcopal seat in the interim.

During the 18th century the façade, the nave and aisles, the Trulla (the ancient baptistry of the 12th century, today the sacristy) and the crypt were refurbished in Baroque style under Archbishop Muzio Gaeta according to designs by Domenico Antonio Vaccaro. The building later underwent a series of refurbishments, demolitions and extensions. The original Romanesque appearance of the interior was restored in the 1950s. The last two restorations were those of, firstly, the late 20th century, which has restored the clarity of the Romanesque structures, and secondly, the 21st century, which has refurbished the interior.

Description

Stylistically, this is an important example of Apulian Romanesque. The simple façade has three portals of the 11th century below a rose window, over which is a lintel carved with monsters and fantastic beasts. The campanile is new, rebuilt from stone similar to that of the original, with an elaborate lantern tower and beneath, the dome of the cupola with clear Moorish motifs.

Internally the cathedral is divided into three aisles of sixteen columns with arcades. The church, which had been overwhelmed by Baroque additions, has now been restored to the uncluttered beauty of the original Apulian Romanesque in the transept, in the false matroneum, and in the magnificent pulpit rebuilt from the same material as before.

In the crypt are preserved the relics of Saint Sabinus, bishop of Canosa, in the larger altar. These were brought to Bari in 844 by Saint Angelarius, bishop of Canosa, who after the destruction of the city by the Saracens, rescued them from the ruins. The silver bust of Saint Sabinus that used to be here was transferred to the capitular archive, and now the icon of the Madonna Odegitria is venerated here: according to tradition this was brought from the Orient in the 8th century, but in reality it is later, although nevertheless a cult object of great antiquity.

In the smaller apses are two sarcophagi: one contains the relics of Saint Columba, which has been restored, and various relics are kept in the other. In the sacristy to the right is located an altar with a painting which probably depicts Saint Maurus, named by tradition as the first bishop of Bari, in the 1st century.

In the palace of the Curia, adjacent to the cathedral, is situated the Diocesan Museum, where the Exultet is displayed. This is a precious manuscript of Byzantine origin, finely illuminated. The images are upside down from the point of view of the priest reading the manuscript. In this way the faithful, when the celebrant was pronouncing the hymn of praise during the Easter Vigil, were able to look at the sacred drawings, and those who were unable to understand Latin could still have some idea of what was going on.

Notes

References

 Barracane, Gaetano, and Cioffari, Gerardo, 1989: Le chiese di Bari antica. Bari, Mario Adda Editore

External links

Illuminated Manuscript of the Medieval Exultet of Bari

Cathedrals in Apulia
Roman Catholic churches in Bari
12th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Buildings and structures in Bari
Roman Catholic cathedrals in Italy


The  was a Japanese space agency, which was founded by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in 1986. Unlike NASDA, ISAS, and NAL, it was not included in the JAXA organization, which was founded in 2003. The chairperson is Ichiro Taniguchi.

In 2012, USEF merged two other organizations—Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis Center (ERSDAC) and Japan Resources Observation System Organization (JAROS)—to form a new organization Japan Space Systems (J-spacesystems).

Goal
The aim of USEF is technology development, especially the testing of commercial off-the-shelf parts (COTS), robotics, material sciences and technology for optical earth observations.

Launch vehicle
Unlike the JAXA organisation, USEF doesn't have its own launch vehicle. Instead, it has used either the H-IIA, the M-3S, or Russian rockets, so far. However, in 2008, METI mentioned the possibility of USEF developing an air-launched vehicle for small payloads.

Completed missions

EXPRESS
The Experiment Re-entry Space System (EXPRESS) was a 745 kg (1,642 lb) satellite for microgravity experiments and testing of re-entry technologies. The project was done in cooperation with ISAS (now JAXA) and DLR of Germany. On January 15, 1995, it was launched on the M-3S. However, due to a problem with the rocket, the orbit was much lower than planned. The re-entry capsule was found later in Ghana.

SERVIS 1

The SERVIS-1 is an 840 kg (1,851 lb) technology test mission with COTS parts. It was launched on October 30, 2001, with the Russian Rockot launch vehicle. the mission duration was two years.

USERS
Unmanned Space Experiment Recovery System (USERS) was launched on the H-IIA on September 10, 2002. The aim of the mission was microgravity experiments to perform the Super-Conductor Material Processing Experiment and also testing of satellite bus technologies. For the first part of the mission, USERS carried a return capsule. It was retrieved successfully on May 29, 2003. The mission of the main orbiter ended during re-entry in 2007.

SERVIS 2

SERVIS-2 was a 900 kg (1,984 lb) technology test mission with COTS parts. It will continue the experiments done with the first SERVIS satellite.  It was launched on June 2, 2010, 01:59 UTC, with the Russian Rockot launch vehicle.

ASNARO missions

ASNARO 1
ASNARO-1, the first of "Advanced Satellite with New system Architecture Observation" series, is a 450 kg (992 lb) earth observation satellite. The expected resolution is less than 0.5 meter (1.6 ft) from an SSO orbit. The
satellite was launched on 2014 Nov 6 by a Dnepr rocket from Yasniy, Russia.

ASNARO 2
ASNARO 2 is small X-band radar satellite for Earth observation. The satellite was launched on 17 January 2018 by an Epsilon rocket.

Other technology projects
USEF developed the robotic arm of the ETS-VII project to test docking technology in the 1990s.

Demonstration of Green Propellant reaction control system (GPRCS) was originally under development for SERVIS-3 project.  Eventually it was launched and demonstrated successfully aboard RAPIS-1 in 2019.

Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI) was launched aboard SpaceX CRS-19 on 5 December 2019 to the International Space Station and installed at the External Facility of the Japanese Experiment Module Kibo.

References

External links

Space program of Japan
Space agencies


Foch's tuco-tuco (Ctenomys fochi) is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is endemic to northwestern Argentina, where it is known from southwestern Catamarca Province. The species is named after World War I general Ferdinand Foch.

References

Mammals of Argentina
Tuco-tucos
Endemic fauna of Argentina
Mammals described in 1919
Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas


Mohammed Qassim Al-Balooshi (born November 9, 1981) is a footballer from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). He currently plays formerly spent over ten seasons with Al-Ahli in Dubai.

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
Emirati men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Shabab Al Ahli Club players
Al Ain FC players
Dibba Al Fujairah FC players
Al Dhafra FC players
Hatta Club players
Dibba Al-Hisn Sports Club players
2004 AFC Asian Cup players
2007 AFC Asian Cup players
United Arab Emirates men's international footballers
UAE First Division League players
UAE Pro League players
Footballers at the 2002 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for the United Arab Emirates


Langsee or Längsee may refer to:
Längsee (Kärnten), a lake of Carinthia, Austria
Längsee (Tyrol), a lake of Tyrol, Austria
Langsee (Schleswig), a lake in Angeln, Kreis Schleswig-Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
Langsee (Mecklenburg), a lake in the Rostock district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany


St Dominic's College, Henderson is an integrated college for girls in Year 7 to Year 13 located in Henderson, Auckland, New Zealand, 25 kilometres from downtown Auckland City.

The College was founded by the Dominican Sisters in 1952 in Northcote, Auckland. The school was transferred to Henderson in 1968. In 1982 the school was integrated into the State education system under the Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975.

History

The school was established by the Dominican Sisters, in order to serve the Catholic community of West Auckland, which had developed due to immigrants from Croatia (then Dalmatia), Ireland and Britain.

Notable alumnae

 Anne-Marie Brady (born 1966), Professor of Political Science, University of Canterbury
 Margaret Wilson (born 1947), academic and former politician

Notes

References and sources

 Mary Augustine McCarthy OP, Star in the south: the centennial history of the New Zealand Dominican Sisters, St Dominic's Priory, Dunedin, 1970.
 St. Dominic’s College : silver jubilee, 1952-1977, The College, Auckland. 1977.
 E.R. Simmons, A Brief History of the Catholic Church in New Zealand, Catholic Publication Centre, Auckland, 1978 and In Cruce Salus, A History of the Diocese of Auckland 1848 - 1980, Catholic Publication Centre, Auckland 1982.
 Michael King, God's farthest outpost : a history of Catholics in New Zealand, Viking, Auckland 1997.
 Nicholas Reid, James Michael Liston: A Life, Victoria University Press, Wellington, 2006.

Educational institutions established in 1952
Catholic secondary schools in Auckland
Dominican schools in New Zealand
Henderson-Massey Local Board Area
1952 establishments in New Zealand
Schools in West Auckland, New Zealand


Obaid Khalifa Mubarak Mesari (born April 13, 1985) is an Emirati  football player who plays for Al Sharjah SC.

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Emirati men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
United Arab Emirates men's international footballers
Shabab Al Ahli Club players
Ajman Club players
Sharjah FC players
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
UAE Pro League players
Asian Games competitors for the United Arab Emirates


Jonah Adam Cardeli Falcon (born July 29, 1970) is an American actor and television presenter. He came to international attention in 1999 because of his claim that he has the largest penis in the world, which he claims is  long when erect; Falcon has not authorized or permitted independent verification of this figure.

Early life
Jonah Adam Julio Cardeli Falcon was born at Greenpoint Hospital in Brooklyn to Cecilia Cardeli, an accountant's clerk, and Joe Falcon, a sailor who died two years after Falcon's birth. Falcon has at times claimed that his biological father was porn star John Holmes, who was famous for the size of his penis.  Falcon has claimed to have documentation proving this lineage, but family members have dismissed this claim and he has failed to produce any evidence.

He recounts that when he was in fifth grade, his schoolmates saw his penis, which was  long at that point, while he changed in a bathroom stall. Falcon states that he was able to perform autofellatio at the age of 10, and that at that age an older neighbor told an eighteen-year-old woman about him, and arranged for his first sexual experience with another person. At age twelve, Falcon enrolled at an East Harlem school. He reports that by the seventh grade, his penis had grown to  erect, and by age 15, it was . He later enrolled at the Bronx High School of Science, and graduated in 1988.

Career
After graduating from high school, Falcon sought to become an actor and writer and enrolled in a state college to study theater. Despite his aspirations, Falcon did little more over the course of the next seven years except socialize at nightclubs, where he would go out on a date and occasionally find a sex partner. He is said to have had up to 1,500 dates by the time he was 25 and 3,000 by age 29, most of whom were females.

He often travels to Los Angeles and Europe, where he stays with friends and "admirers", and has accepted money for sex, saying, "I took $500 from a lady on the Upper East Side to pose in my underwear for Polaroids. I've been offered $1,000 just to let someone suck it, and I'll say, 'Why not?' It's really about my ego. My ego is bigger than my sexuality." Just before turning 27, Falcon resolved to renew his pursuit of his acting aspirations, attending acting workshops and standing in line at auditions to obtain roles.

Falcon hosts an hour-long cable television call-in show devoted to the New York Yankees called Talkin' Yankees Hosted by Jonah Falcon, on MNN, a public-access cable television channel on Manhattan's Time Warner Cable. His show is relentlessly prank-called by Sal Governale and Richard Christy of The Howard Stern Show. Falcon, a frequent guest on Stern's show, released a single with Adam Barta called "It's Too Big" and performed it with Barta on the show on June 19, 2013.

When Falcon appeared on The Daily Show on March 2, 2010, Samantha Bee attempted to convince Falcon to enter the pornography industry. He refused, saying it would be "just the easy way out" and that he wished to pursue a more decent acting career. In April 2011, he appeared on the TLC documentary series {strange}SEX.

Falcon appeared in the 2013 documentary UnHung Hero. He has appeared as an extra on TV shows such as Melrose Place, The Sopranos and Law & Order. He also appeared in an uncredited role as a mental patient in the 2001 feature film A Beautiful Mind.

Falcon has been unemployed for long periods; he worked as Chief Editor for Stooge Gaming.

Anatomy
Falcon gained media attention after appearing in the 1999 HBO documentary Private Dicks: Men Exposed (filmed by Meema Spadola and Thom Powers), in which 25 males were interviewed in the nude about their penises. Rolling Stone published an article in 2003 that reported Falcon's penis as measuring  in length when flaccid and  in length when erect.

When becoming and being erect, a large amount of blood flows to his penis, and according to Falcon causes lightheadedness. In January 2006, Falcon appeared in a documentary by UK Channel 4 called The World's Biggest Penis. Falcon appeared on The Daily Show on March 2, 2010, and stated that he can completely envelop a doorknob with his foreskin.

On July 9, 2012, Falcon said he was stopped by Transportation Security Administration officers in the San Francisco International Airport (SFO), due to the large bulge in his pants. According to Falcon, after passing through a metal detector and a body scanner, he was selected for additional screening, after which he was released and allowed to catch his flight.

In 2014, Falcon agreed to donate his penis to the Icelandic Phallological Museum (The Penis Museum) after his death.

Personal life
Falcon sometimes lives with his mother in New York City, in between jobs. In a 2003 interview, Falcon stated that his longest romantic relationship with a woman lasted for one year. When interviewed by Out magazine, he identified his sexual orientation as bisexual.

Falcon is an only child and grew up in a four-story house in Brooklyn with a large extended family including cousins, aunts, uncles, grandparents and great-grandparents. Falcon lived with his grandmother in Puerto Rico for three years between the age of six and nine before moving back to New York City.

See also

Human penis size

References

External links

1970 births
American writers of Italian descent
Bisexual male actors
American bisexual writers
Living people
American LGBT actors
LGBT people from New York (state)
Male actors from New York City
People from Brooklyn
The Bronx High School of Science alumni


Burgsee may refer to:

Burgsee (Schwerin)
Burgsee (Schleswig)


The Palaris Revolt of 1762–1765 was led by Juan de la Cruz Palaris, also known as "Pantaleón Pérez", of Binalatongan (now San Carlos City), Pangasinan.

Prelude
Prior to the Palaris' revolt, an earlier revolt in 1660 started under the leadership of Andres Malong, who declared himself King of Pangasinan. The revolt would end with Malong's surrender by late January 1661.

Pantaleon Perez, otherwise nicknamed "Palaris" and "Juan de la Cruz" was then a coachman of Fransisco Enríques de Villacorta, an Auditor of the Real Audiencia when news broke out that the British had taken possession of the Philippines after a battle on October 6, 1762. Due to his stay at the capital, he dressed, spoke and acts like a Manileño so that when he returned to Binalatongan, he was quickly acclaimed as well-known and knowledgeable.

His dealings with his townsfolk earned for him their confidence and respect and, being a dynamic and restless man, he easily became their leader.

Rebel takeover of Pangasinan
At the incitement of the British, Palaris decided to start his revolt. With him were other leaders such as his brother Domingo, Juan de la Vera and two Hidalgo brothers.

The revolt started on November 3, 1762, after the alcalde mayor of Pangasinan sent a royal commission to collect tribute from the natives. Simon de Anda was at Bacolor, Pampanga at the time when he heard of the revolt in Pangasinan. He warned to the inhabitants of the province to retain loyalty to Spain, serve without pay and pay taxes. However, he couldn't take action against this since he was still hiding from the British who recently sent a force to capture him and his wartime government.

The Spanish did nothing to quell Palaris's revolt, and by December all Spaniards except the Dominican friars left the province due to fear and terror. In their place were Pangasinense officials who took charge of the
province.

Anda persuaded the friars there to oppose against Palaris, but they didn't do anything since they lack armies. In Lingayen, the vicar there, Andres Melendez agreed to the rebels' demands, even publishing a document that agreed with this, possibly to save his life from the rebels.

For the first time since 1660, the Pangasinenses under the leadership of Malong and his subordinates experienced and enjoyed freedom once more.

Palaris and his force repelled a Spanish attack at the battle of Agno on March 1, 1763, expanding its control towards the then-northern Zambaleño town of Bolinao.

Brief return of Spanish rule
After the Treaty of Paris was signed between Spain, France and Britain
concluding the Seven Years' War between them, Anda quickly took action to quell Pangasinense independence, initially after Diego Silang's assassination on May.

On November 18, 1763, the Spanish returned to reclaim Pangasinan from the rebels, successfully persuading Palaris to return under Spanish rule. Pangasinenses who escaped to Pampanga were ordered to return, while the document of Melendez about the rebels' demands were burned to prove loyalty to Spain.

At first the Pangasinenses accepted the return of Spanish rule, as long as they were allowed to keep their liberties obtained during the time it was independent. However, the Spanish had empty coffers, so they immediately raised taxes among the populace. This caused them to be wary of the Spanish, especially after they grabbed leftover guns of the Spanish in Lingayen.

Although poorly inexperienced and trained, they were determined to never revert back to Spanish rule again. Palaris and his associates restarted the revolt.

Battles

Battle of the Bayambang River
After preparations of the revolt were brewing around late November, the Spanish had arrived at the province from Pampanga, after suffering ambushes set up by the rebels around late December. They signaled their arrival by the sound of gunfire. Rejecting another peace offer from Anda, Palaris declared the start of a revolution in the goal of achieving Pangasinense independence.

The Spanish were spotted by Antonio, one of Palaris's generals on a tree, which he was quick to alarm their troops through the sound of his bugle. Palaris dispersed his troops throughout the river banks to face the Spanish. The force of 33 Spaniards and 400 Kapampangans under Fransisco Arayat arrived later. They successfully encouraged some of Palaris's soldiers to defect, and Palaris greeted them in calm. The Spanish warned Palaris of the consequences, of which he replied in return:

Afterwards, the sound of artillery fire began when the Spanish fired at Palaris's force, followed by a cavalry charge led by Pedro Hernani on crossing the river towards the other side. Hernani was then killed by Domingo's spear, but not without shooting Domingo with a pistol.

Meanwhile Pedro Tagle took his position and shouted at the soldiers on the command of attack to maintain morale. Suddenly a hand-to-hand combat took place throughout the other bank. One soldier was hit with a poisoned spear, which took some time for him to paralyze and scream before dying.

It was due to inexperience and the doubting of the rebels that caused the Spanish to claim victory, even taking the rebels' flag. However Arayat ordered a retreat since crossing the river was too difficult and also because the rebels were much more numerous, carrying their flag as a symbol of their valor. Before the final retreat of the rebels, Palaris took the time to cross the river and stab at least few soldiers.

Battle of Barrio Pias
After the battle, Palaris and his surviving men regrouped in a barrio named Pias, in Santa Barbara, just north of Bayambang. There they took the time to recover losses, repaired their trenches and fortifications and gathered ammunition and weapons for two months before March 1763. Meanwhile, Jose Acevedo, the new alcalde mayor who took office on December 5, 1763 requested help from Anda's camp, which was still stationed in Bacolor.

Anda dispatched one hundred and eighty men from his camp to Pangasinan, and gave orders to Manuel Arza to extirpate the last remains of the rebellion from Ilocos, that he might form a junction with the troops going to Manila under command of Pedro Bonardel.

The two forces met again at Barrio Pias, around March, 1764. Aside from the main force at Pias, a group of cavalrymen under Victor Valdez was stationed near Mangaldan to check the invading Spaniards from San Fabian. However, this largely failed as Valdez and his group got heavily drunk until midnight. They were awakened by the sound of cannon fire from the Spanish who recently arrived. Although too late, Valdez nevertheless immediately lead his forces to assist Palaris.

When Valdez reached the battlefield, it is certain that it was a struggle between the two sides, as each received numerous casualties on the fighting. Destroyed equipment, abandoned weapons and numerous dead bodies were scattered across the fields. Antonio, Palaris's general was captured, then taken to the Spanish camp chained and tortured. All of the bodies and destroyed equipment were thrown off a cliff.

Palaris, after hearing of Antonio's capture, tried to save him but the Spanish already beheaded him after Antonio had finally told the man who was behind the revolt in exchange for personal freedom. Immediately, the Spanish spread Palaris's name throughout the province, marking the first time they heard of the man who lead their revolution. Nevertheless, the Pangasinenses refused to assist them.

Battle of Dagupan
After Barrio Pias, the Spanish raided the municipaity of Dagupan to end the rebellion completely. Still in Pias, Palaris sent the entirety of his surviving force in an attempt to thwart off the Spanish. After a brief siege of the municipal hall in Calasiao, they continued towards Dagupan, where a fierce battle began.

Lasting for a week, the battle certainly dealt a massive blow to Palaris as his forces received large casualties from the otherwise more-equipped and better-trained Spaniards.

After nearly a week, the rebels retreated to other side of the Calasiao River, then afterwards destroyed the bridge to prevent the Spanish from crossing over.

Battle of the Calasiao River
The Spanish decided to pause their advance towards Palaris for a while. Then afterwards, Arza lead a charge by crossing the river. They were met with gunfire from the rebels but nevertheless managed to cross to the other side.

What followed was a hand-to-hand combat between the Spanish and the rebels, the latter being slowly overwhelmed.

Both Arza and Valdez had face-to-face combat until they both slipped towards the river. Everyone paused for a while and waited to see who would rose first. Valdez initially rose carrying the now dead Arza, which had its neck broke. Valdez himself was later killed by a gunfire, his body never to be seen again.

Battle of Binalatongan
By this time, rebel activity was only confined to the mountains, with the Spanish firmly reestablished their authority in the province.

After nearly 10 months, Palaris set out to start the revolt for a third time. They killed many, though that was not enough as they were quickly overwhelmed by the Spanish, forcing them turn east towards Binalatongan.

In an effort to eradicate any possible rebel that might be blending with the general populace, the Spanish shot every person they come across at Barrio Ymbo, including civilians who had nothing to do without the revolt. Numerous others hid in the woods in an attempt to escape infighting.

Palaris, now tired, exhausted and left alone after the Hidalgo brothers, the last leaders aside him killed, escaped the Spanish and his at Barrio de Dios (Porac now). Afterwards he went to Barrio Magtaking, and finally at Barrio Pao.

Death of Palaris
Palaris was always rude to his sister, Simeona, always bore the brunt of the brother's fury in times when he bursts his anger out.

Due to a recent beating since she was a bit late bringing his brother's necessities, Simeona decided to end this suffering by revealing Palaris's whereabouts to Bonardel.

On January 16, 1765, as usual, Simeona brings his brother's lunch at theur dining room. Without hesitation, Palaris ate: this allowed his sister to take time to destroy his bow and arrow, then gave the Spanish a signal to attack.

Bonardel led his troops on the hut, and Palaris was immediately murdered on the spot.

Aftermath
Palaris's body was dragged towards Binalatongan and paraded across the town, accompanied by band music. To instill fear towards the people the corpse was chopped, afterwards different body parts were hung across several barrios.

The remaining rebels finally surrendered after nearly a long period of revolt against the Spanish between January and March. Civilians who fled to the mountains also returned after the infighting.

Numerous people experienced hardships thoroughout the entirety of the revolt. People that fled had to resort to eating banana leaves in order to survive. There are also a large number of deaths involving babies and children. It was said that Barrio Catopactopacan had the highest number of child-related deaths.

The population of Pangasinan also saw a dramatic decrease, it has been estimated that 26,927 people were killed between 1762 and 1765, composing nearly half of the pre-war population.

Pangasinan would remain under Spanish rule until the advent of the Philippine Revolution in the province by 1898.

References

Battles involving Spain
Conflicts in 1762
Rebellions in the Philippines
History of Pangasinan
History of the Philippines (1565–1898)
1760s in Asia
18th century in the Philippines
1762 in the Philippines


Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge (Spanish: Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre de Cabo Rojo) is an 1,836-acre National Wildlife Refuge located in southwestern Puerto Rico, in the municipality of Cabo Rojo. The refuge is a habitat for number of native bird species including the endangered yellow-shouldered blackbird, locally known as mariquita de Puerto Rico or capitán. Many birds find their way to the refuge while migrating between North and South America, and more than 118 bird species have been recorded near the area.

The Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge is administered as part of the Caribbean Islands National Wildlife complex.

History
The refuge was established in 1974, when 587 acres of land were obtained by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from the Central Intelligence Agency which had operated the Caribbean Bureau of the Foreign Broadcast Information Service there for a number of years.

In 1999, the FWS purchased and added to the refuge the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats, a historic salt mining site located near the Los Morrillos Lighthouse. This site dates to 700 C.E. and is considered one of the oldest industries in the Americas. Caborrojeños Pro Salud y Ambiente, a local civic group, runs a visitor center in the salt flats area.

Features
The Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge was established to protect the rolling hills, grasslands, mangroves and subtropical dry forests of Cabo Rojo. Due to decades of overgrazing, much of the native vegetation has been replaced by plants from other regions. Invasive species like the grasses that feed cattle are considered undesirable because they compete with the native vegetation, reducing diversity and therefore decreasing optimal food and nesting habitat for the native wildlife. Grassland management, through haying, has allowed native grasses to grow back and provide a better home for the native fauna. Additionally, native trees are being planted to return the land to its original mature hardwood forest.

Special designations
The Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge has been designated a Critical Habitat for the yellow-shouldered blackbird (Agelaius xanthomus), and the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats are recognized as an Important Critical Wildlife site within the refuge. The refuge has also been declared a BirdLife International Important Bird Area (under the name Suroeste de Puerto Rico) and was the first Caribbean site to be added to the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network (WHSRN).

Wildlife
Cabo Rojo National Refuge is home to 245 plant species and 145 bird species, including shore and land birds. Some of the bird species found in the refuge include the American kestrel (Falco sparverius), the smooth-billed ani (Crotophaga ani), the black-necked stilt (Himantopus mexicanus), the yellow or mangrove warbler (Setophaga petechia), the Adelaide's warbler (Setophaga adelaidae), the troupial (Icterus icterus) which was introduced from Venezuela, the semipalmated plover (Charadrius semipalmatus), the Wilson's plover (Charadrius wilsonia) and the Puerto Rican woodpecker (Melanerpes portoricensis).

The refuge is also home to a large number of endemic reptiles and amphibians such as the Puerto Rican red-eyed frog (Eleutherodactylus antillensis), the Cuban tree frog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) and the white-lipped frog (Leptodactylus albilabris). Native plants found in the refuge include the cobana negra (Stahlia monosperma), the pipe-organ cactus (Cephalocerus royenii), the West Indian birch (Bursera simaruba) and the guayacan (Guaiacum officinale).

Adjacent protected areas
The Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge is located close to the Laguna Cartagena National Wildlife Refuge, both of which are administered as part of the Caribbean Islands National Wildlife complex. The national wildlife refuge is also adjacent to different units belonging to the Boquerón State Forest, which protects the mangrove forests that stretch from Cabo Rojo to Lajas, and the Cabo Rojo National Natural Landmark.

Gallery

See also

 List of National Wildlife Refuges of the United States
 List of protected areas of Puerto Rico
 United States Fish and Wildlife Service

References

External links
 Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge
 Cabo Rojo Salt Flats Unit
 N.W.R at the recreation.gov

Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico
National Wildlife Refuges in Puerto Rico
1974 establishments in Puerto Rico
Protected areas established in 1974


Evander Frank Kane (born August 2, 1991) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has previously played for the Atlanta Thrashers, Winnipeg Jets, Buffalo Sabres, and San Jose Sharks. Kane was selected fourth overall by the Thrashers in the first round of the 2009 NHL Entry Draft.

During his major junior career, Kane won the Memorial Cup with the Vancouver Giants of the Western Hockey League (WHL) in 2007, finished as runner-up for the Jim Piggott Memorial Trophy as WHL rookie of the year in 2008 and was named to the WHL West First All-Star Team in 2009. Kane also set the Giants' franchise record for single-season goals in 2008–09.

Legal and personal issues have plagued Kane during his hockey career. Among other things, he has faced allegations of betting on his own NHL games, accusations of assault, and domestic violence allegations. He has also been suspended for submitting a fake COVID-19 vaccine card, abusing on-ice officials, and other incidents.

Internationally, Kane received gold medals as a member of Team Canada at the 2008 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament and 2009 World Junior Championships. He has also competed in the 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2014 IIHF World Championships.

Early life
Kane was born on August 2, 1991, in Vancouver, British Columbia, to Perry and Sheri Kane, who named him after American boxer Evander Holyfield (he later met Holyfield at age 18).

Kane comes from an athletic lineage; his father was an amateur boxer and hockey player, while Kane's mother was a college volleyball player. His uncle, Leonard Kane, is a member of the Canadian Ball Hockey Hall of Fame. Kane's cousin, Dwayne Provo, played in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for seven years and spent one season with the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). Another cousin, Kirk Johnson, boxed for Canada at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona and later fought John Ruiz for the 2002 World Boxing Association (WBA) Heavyweight title.

Growing up in East Vancouver, Kane attended high school at John Oliver Secondary. In addition to hockey, he played baseball, basketball, and soccer growing up. After beginning to skate at the age of three, he began playing minor ice hockey at eight. His father instructed him in his early years and initially wanted to keep him out of organized hockey until Kane was ten. Kane played in the 2003 and 2004 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with a team from North Vancouver. At the age of 14, Kane recorded 140 points in 66 games with the bantam North Shore Winter Club, followed by a 22-goal, 54-point campaign to finish fourth in league scoring with the Greater Vancouver Canadians of the BC Hockey Major Midget League (BCMML). Kane also played minor hockey with the Vancouver Giants, prior to bantam and midget.

Playing career

Amateur

Kane was drafted 19th overall in the 2006 WHL Bantam Draft by the Vancouver Giants. He received his first WHL call-up for a game against the Seattle Thunderbirds on December 13, 2006, due to other Giants players international commitments in the World Junior Championships. Kane scored his first WHL goal, a game-tying marker, on March 25, 2007, the last game of the regular season. He also suited up for five WHL postseason games, being originally called up for the playoffs after Giants forward Tim Kraus was suspended for game three of the opening round. He later appeared in two Memorial Cup games, tallying an assist, as part of the Giants' 2007 Memorial Cup championship.

Set to begin his rookie campaign with the Giants the following season, Kane experienced a minor setback, as he was forced to miss the start of training camp with a case of mononucleosis. He nevertheless recovered and joined the Giants full-time to tally 24 goals – third in team scoring – and 41 points in his first WHL season. Finishing tenth in rookie scoring, he was nominated for the Jim Piggott Memorial Trophy as WHL rookie of the year, which was awarded to Brayden Schenn of the Brandon Wheat Kings.

Kane emerged with an impressive start to the 2008–09 season, registering at least a point in each of his first 22 games. After recording his first WHL hat-trick on October 10, 2008, against the Kelowna Rockets, he was named WHL Player of the Week on October 12, succeeding line-mate Casey Pierro-Zabotel, who had been chosen the previous week. Kane earned a spot as an injury replacement at the 2009 World Junior Championships with Team Canada. Upon returning with a gold medal, Kane was named player of the week for the second time in the season on January 12, 2009, after scoring six points in two games immediately following the World Juniors. Later that month, he participated in the 2009 CHL Top Prospects Game as captain for Team Cherry.

Kane finished his second WHL season with 48 goals and 96 points, fourth in league scoring. He surpassed Adam Courchaine's team record of 43 goals in a single season, set in 2002–03. Second in team scoring to Pierro-Zabotel's 115 points, the line-mates finished one-two in all-time Giants' single-season scoring as Pierro-Zabotel and Kane both surpassed Gilbert Brulé's previous 87-point mark. Kane received WHL West First Team All-Star honors along with teammates Pierro-Zabotel and Jonathon Blum. In the subsequent 2009 playoffs, after the Giants swept the Prince George Cougars in the first round, Kane scored a double-overtime game-winner to force a seventh game in the second round against the Spokane Chiefs. After eliminating the Chiefs in the seventh game, the Giants were then defeated by the Kelowna Rockets in six games in the semi-finals. In 17 postseason games, Kane accumulated 15 points.

Professional

Atlanta Thrashers/Winnipeg Jets (2009–2015)
Kane was selected fourth overall by the Atlanta Thrashers. Less than a month later, the Thrashers signed Kane to an entry-level contract on July 20, 2009.

Kane made the Thrashers' lineup out of his first NHL training camp for the 2009–10 season. He recorded his first career NHL point in his debut on October 3, 2009, earning an assist on a goal by Rich Peverley against the Tampa Bay Lightning. His first goal was scored five days later, on October 8, beating Chris Mason with a snap shot in a 4–2 win over the St. Louis Blues. He suffered a bone fracture, late in his rookie season, blocking a shot during a game against the Tampa Bay Lightning on March 6, 2010. Kane missed 15 games before returning to the lineup on April 3. Kane finished his NHL rookie campaign with 14 goals and 26 points in 66 games, ranked 12th among first-year point-scorers.

Kane suffered several minor injuries during his second NHL season in 2010–11 season. During a game against the Colorado Avalanche on November 30, 2010, Kane suffered a left knee injury after he was struck by a shot from teammate Tobias Enström; he missed two games. The following month, he missed one game due to an arm injury, sustained during a game against the Pittsburgh Penguins on December 7. In January 2011, he missed an additional six games due to a lower-body injury. Kept from the lineup for a total nine games, Kane increased his points total to 43 with 19 goals and 24 assists. He ranked fifth in team point-scoring – third among forward behind captain Andrew Ladd and Bryan Little.

During the offseason, the Thrashers were bought and relocated by True North Sports and Entertainment, becoming the new Winnipeg Jets. Kane was enjoying a successful first season as a Jet, leading his team in scoring with 18 goals and 31 points by mid-January 2012. During that month, however, he was sidelined with a concussion that was reported on January 21. Later in the season, he recorded a four-point game (two goals and two assists) in a 7–0 win against the Florida Panthers on March 1, 2012. On September 15, 2012, Kane signed a six-year, $31.5 million contract extension with the Jets.

As a result of the 2012–13 NHL lockout, Kane joined Dinamo Minsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He was the first Canadian NHL player to sign a contract with the KHL. However, after 12 games with the club, in which he recorded one goal, Kane was released. The club's athletic director suggested that Kane "could not adapt to hockey in the KHL", but also said that both sides mutually agreed to end the contract.

On April 3, 2014, Kane was accused of assault, after an incident in Vancouver; he was later sued for financial damages. On April 5, 2014, Kane was a healthy scratch under new head coach Paul Maurice, in a game against the Toronto Maple Leafs. After the game, Maurice said it was a coach's decision, and that if Kane wanted back in the lineup, all he needed to do was "probably just come to the rink." On February 3, 2015, Kane was a healthy scratch against the Vancouver Canucks. It was later determined that he was scratched because of an incident with his teammates. Kane revealed in an October 2015 interview that he felt the Jets did not "have his back" throughout his legal and behavioral issues but instead felt that they traded away their problem.

Buffalo Sabres (2015–2018)

The Jets traded Kane on February 11, 2015, as well as Zach Bogosian and the rights to Jason Kasdorf, to the Buffalo Sabres in exchange for Tyler Myers, Drew Stafford, Joel Armia, Brendan Lemieux, and a conditional first-round pick in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft (Jack Roslovic). On October 14, 2016, Kane cracked three ribs in the season-opening game when he crashed into boards while fighting for the puck with Alexei Emelin of the Montreal Canadiens, which left him unable to play indefinitely.

San Jose Sharks (2018–2022)
Amid declining performance and approaching the end of his contract, Sabres management benched him ahead of the 2018 trade deadline. On February 26, 2018, the Sabres traded Kane to the San Jose Sharks in exchange for Danny O'Regan, a conditional first-round or second-round pick in 2019, and a conditional fourth-round pick in 2020. In his Sharks debut, Kane had two assists in a 5–2 win against the Edmonton Oilers. On March 16, 2018, Kane scored his first NHL hat-trick against the Calgary Flames, and then later added a fourth goal, contributing more than half the goals in the Sharks 7–4 win. Kane played 78 games and scored 54 points in his time with Buffalo and San Jose in the 2017-18 season. The 78 games played is the most in a season for Kane. The 54 points was the second-highest season total in Kane's career to that point.

On April 26, 2018, Kane received a one-game suspension for cross-checking Vegas Golden Knights forward Pierre-Edouard Bellemare during Game 1 of the Western Conference semi-finals. Through nine playoffs games, Kane recorded four goals and five points. On May 24, 2018, the Sharks re-signed Kane to a seven-year, $49 million contract worth $7 million annually. Kane has said that he would like to remain with the Sharks for the rest of his career.

During the 2018–19 season, Kane totaled 56 points (the second-highest point total of his career) and led the NHL in penalty minutes with 153.

During the 2019–20 preseason, Kane was suspended for the first three games of the regular season due to abusing officials. Two games after returning from his suspension, Kane became the first Sharks player in franchise history to record a first period hat trick in a 5–2 win over the Carolina Hurricanes. Kane recorded another natural hat trick later that season when the Sharks visited the Washington Capitals on January 5, 2020, scoring three straight goals in just over 10 minutes during the second period in a 5–4 overtime loss. After an elbowing hit in a game against the Winnipeg Jets on February 14, 2020, Kane was suspended for three games. Kane repeated as league leader in penalty minutes with 122 while registering 26 goals and 47 points, marking his fifth consecutive season with at least 20 goals.

On October 18, 2021, Kane was suspended by the NHL for the opening 21 games of the  season for "violation of, and lack of compliance with, the NHL/NHLPA COVID-19 protocols". On November 28, 2021, following the completion of his suspension, the Sharks placed Kane on waivers and was re-assigned to AHL for the first time in his career, joining the San Jose Barracuda the following day.

On January 8, 2022, it was announced that the Sharks had placed Kane on unconditional waivers for the purpose of terminating his contract, due to violation of AHL COVID-19 protocols.

Edmonton Oilers (2022–present)
Shortly after news of San Jose's effort to terminate Kane's contract broke, reports began to circulate that the Edmonton Oilers were interested in signing Kane. The Oilers had begun the season strongly, but entered a prolonged slide that had seen them drop out of playoff position by the midpoint, and pressure had built on general manager Ken Holland to take action to improve the team's fortunes. The addition of Kane, a proficient goal-scorer, was seen as a potential answer. On January 27, 2022, Kane signed a one-year contract with the Oilers. The decision to sign Kane generated some controversy, but was defended by Oilers star Connor McDavid. McDavid said "we're a team that is looking to go on a run. If he can come in and add to that any way possible, that's what we’re looking for. He was great in acknowledging that there might be some backlash, but it's a good opportunity for both sides. For him to re-establish himself in the NHL and for us to add a player of his calibre."

Kane made his Oilers debut on January 29, scoring the game's opening goal in a 7–2 victory over the Montreal Canadiens. Through the regular season, Kane played primarily on the team's top line with McDavid and Jesse Puljujärvi. Playing with McDavid helped Kane record the highest shooting percentage of his career, and he was credited with improving the team's even-strength play. He finished the season with 22 goals and 17 assists, while the Oilers finished second in the Pacific Division and qualified for the 2022 Stanley Cup playoffs. Kane was dynamic in the team's first round matchup with the Los Angeles Kings, notably recording his first ever playoff hat trick in Game 3. He finished the series with seven goals, one more than he had scored in all prior playoff games. The Oilers drew the Calgary Flames in the second round, the first playoff "Battle of Alberta" in 31 years. He recorded his second playoff hat trick, this time a natural one, in six minutes during the second period of Game 3 of the second round. Kane attracted controversy in Game 3 of the Western Conference Final against the Colorado Avalanche when he cross-checked Avalanche centre Nazem Kadri into the boards, receiving a five-minute major penalty for boarding, and causing Kadri to be ruled out for the remainder of the series due to injury. The NHL suspended Kane for one game as a result.

On July 12, 2022, Kane signed a four-year, $20.5 million contract extension with the Oilers. He notched 5 goals and 8 assists in the first fourteen games of the 2022–23 season, before exiting a November 8 game against the Tampa Bay Lightning after his wrist was cut open by the skate of Tampa forward Patrick Maroon. Kane underwent emergency surgery, and it was subsequently reported that he would miss three to four months of the season. His recovery proceeded better than initially expected, allowing him to return to the lineup for a January 17 game against the Seattle Kraken.

Personal life
Kane and his ex-wife have one daughter. On March 14, 2019, Kane announced that his wife had a miscarriage at 26 weeks.

On June 8, 2020, Kane co-founded the Hockey Diversity Alliance, alongside former player Akim Aliu, to address intolerance and racism in hockey.

Controversies and legal issues

Assault and harassment charges
On July 1, 2016, Kane was sued by a 21-year-old woman who accused him of assaulting her in the hotel room where he lived. According to court documents, the woman alleged that Kane "met her in a bar, invited her to what he said was a party and then attacked her, causing cuts and bleeding that required multiple surgeries."

On August 1, 2016, Kane pleaded not guilty to one count of criminal trespassing and four counts of non-criminal harassment after confrontations with four separate people at a downtown Buffalo bar in June 2016. At that time, Kane was a member of the Buffalo Sabres. According to a police report, Kane became involved in a fight with a bouncer at a bar called Bottoms Up, after allegedly grabbing an unnamed woman by the throat and attempting to force her into a car outside the nightclub. A second police report alleged that, in a separate incident, Kane grabbed a woman by the arms inside the nightclub and attempted to force her outside. Kane surrendered to Buffalo police in late July 2016. Said Sabres GM Tim Murray of the incident, "Whether he has done these things or not, or he's guilty of these things or not, it's not something I like getting up in the morning and reading about, that's for sure." The incident came after another incident in February, in which Kane was suspended by the team for missing practice after attending the NBA All-Star Game in Toronto. GM Murray noted that Kane's off-ice behaviour has been very negative for both the player and the Sabres' organization. The Bottoms Up case was later adjourned and dismissed. Referred to as an Adjournment in Contemplation of Dismissal, a case can be adjourned for more than six months and after a set period of time, the charges are dismissed if the defendant can display and maintain good behavior.

Gambling debts and bankruptcy
On November 4, 2019, Kane was sued by The Cosmopolitan casino in Las Vegas after he walked out on a half-million-dollar gambling debt. The suit alleged that Kane had received $500,000 in gambling markers from the casino in April while the Sharks were in Las Vegas for a playoff series against the Vegas Golden Knights. Such markers are essentially lines of credit to allow casino guests to continue gambling, and those extended to Kane were disbursed in eight separate installments, ranging from $20,000 to $100,000. The suit claims that Kane left the casino without making arrangements to settle the debt. The casino sought full restitution plus repayment of legal fees.

On January 11, 2021, Kane reportedly filed for chapter 7 bankruptcy in California after amassing $26.8 million of debt.

NHL game betting allegations
In July 2021, Kane's estranged wife, in an Instagram post publicly accused her husband of betting on games involving his own team, and of "throwing games with bookies to win money". The NHL announced that it would investigate the allegation. Kane later published a statement offering his full cooperation and categorically denied his involvement in any hockey-related betting, suggesting that his wife's claims were motivated by distress related to their ongoing divorce process. In a later interview with ESPN's Linda Cohn, he admitted that he did have a gambling addiction that led to large personal debts, for which he had sought professional help. In a January 2021 bankruptcy filing, Evander Kane listed that he owed $1.5 million in gambling debts.

On September 22, 2021, the NHL released its findings into the investigation into the claims and found no evidence of game betting allegations and also stated "To the contrary, the evidence raises doubts about the veracity of the allegations."

Domestic violence allegations
In September 2021, Kane's ex-wife filed a domestic violence restraining order application including accusations against Kane of sexual assault and domestic battery. Kane's attorney denied the allegations. In August 2021, Kane received a temporary restraining order against his ex-wife, with Kane claiming that she has physically abused him in the past, and sought a permanent restraining order. The NHL announced that it was investigating the domestic violence claims. On October 18, 2021 the NHL ruled that the domestic violence accusations could not be substantiated.

Violation of NHL COVID-19 protocols
Also on the same day that Kane was cleared of gambling, the NHL revealed that it was investigating claims that Kane engaged in "inappropriate behavior potentially jeopardizing the health and safety" of his teammates. On October 5, Front Office Sports reported that the NHL was investigating claims that Kane had submitted a fake COVID-19 vaccine card as proof that he had been vaccinated. This was subsequently corroborated by The Associated Press, The Athletic, and ESPN. On October 18, 2021, the NHL suspended Kane for 21 games over the issue. Following the suspension, Kane was placed on waivers by the Sharks, and was sent down to the San Jose Barracuda of the AHL. After only five games with the Barracuda, Kane tested positive for COVID-19 and entered the AHL COVID-19 protocol. On January 8, 2022, the Sharks placed Kane on unconditional waivers with intent to terminate the contract for violating the AHL protocol as well.

International play

Kane competed in the 2008 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament, capturing gold with Canada's under-18 team. He totaled four points in four games, including an assist in the 6–3 gold medal game win against Russia. Later that year, Kane competed on Team Canada during the 2009 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. As the youngest player on the team, Kane contributed six points in six games, helping Canada to a fifth-straight gold medal with a 5–1 victory over Sweden in the final.

Following his rookie season in the NHL, Kane was named to the Canadian men's team for the 2010 IIHF World Championship in Germany. General manager Mark Messier made a specific effort to assemble a young team; as a result, Kane was one of five teenagers on the roster. He finished the tournament with two goals and two assists in seven games. Canada was eliminated in the quarterfinal by Russia and finished in seventh place.

The following year, Kane returned to the national team for the 2011 IIHF World Championship in Slovakia. Kane recorded two assists over seven games as Canada suffered a second consecutive defeat in the quarterfinal to Russia.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs
Bold indicates led league

International

Awards and honours

See also
List of black NHL players

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
Atlanta Thrashers draft picks
Atlanta Thrashers players
Black Canadian ice hockey players
Buffalo Sabres players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Edmonton Oilers players
HC Dinamo Minsk players
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
San Jose Barracuda players
San Jose Sharks players
Ice hockey people from Vancouver
Vancouver Giants players
Winnipeg Jets players


Grüner See (literally "Green Lake") may refer to:
Grüner See (Styria), near Tragöß, Austria
Grüner See (Lower Saxony)
Grüner See (Hundelshausen)

See also
Grünsee (disambiguation)
Green Lake (disambiguation)


Yousif Jaber Naser Al-Hammadi (born February 25, 1985) is an association football player from the United Arab Emirates who plays for Shabab Al-Ahli. He is a left foot player and handle main position on the field as left back and other position at left midfield.

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Emirati men's footballers
United Arab Emirates men's international footballers
Baniyas Club players
Shabab Al Ahli Club players
2011 AFC Asian Cup players
UAE First Division League players
UAE Pro League players
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Men's association football midfielders
Asian Games competitors for the United Arab Emirates
2007 AFC Asian Cup players


The Lago Blanco tuco-tuco (Ctenomys fodax) is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is known only from the Lago Blanco area in southern Argentina. Its karyotype has 2n = 28 and FN = 42.

References

Tuco-tucos
Mammals of Argentina
Mammals of Patagonia
Mammals described in 1910
Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas


The Kharkiv Oblast Council () is the regional oblast council (parliament) of the Kharkiv Oblast (province) located in eastern Ukraine. The council is composed of 120 members and is situated in the oblast's administrative center Kharkiv. Council members are elected for five year terms. In order to gain representation on the council, a party must gain more than 5 percent of the total vote.

On 1 March 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the building was bombed in a missile strike. According to the Council, 29 people were killed.

Recent elections

2020
Distribution of seats after the 2020 Ukrainian local elections

Election date was 25 October 2020

2015
Distribution of seats after the 2015 Ukrainian local elections

Election date was 25 October 2015

Chairmen

Regional executive committee
 Vasily Kuzmenko (1932–1933)
 Ilya Shelekhes (1933–1934)
 Ivan Fedyaev (1934–1935)
 Grigory Pryadchenko (1935–1937)
 Nikolay Prokopenko (1937–1938)
 Grigory Butenko (1938–1940)
 Pyotr Svinarenko (1940–1942)
 Artem Vakhnyuk (acting, 1943)
 Dmitry Zhila (acting, 1943)
 Ivan Voloshin (1943–1954)
 Dmitry Pisnyachevsky (1954–1963)
 Dmitry Pisnyachevsky (agrarian, 1963–1964)
 Konstantin Trusov (industrial, 1963–1964)
 Dmitry Pisnyachevsky (1964–1968)
 Andrey Bezditko (1968–1983)
 Oleksandr Maselsky (1983–1990)
 Yuri Titov (1990–1991)

Regional council
 Oleksandr Maselsky (1991–1992)
 Volodymyr Tyahlo (1992–1994)
 Oleksandr Maselsky (1994–1996)
 Volodymyr Tyahlo (1996–2002)
 Oleksiy Kolesnik (2002–2004)
 Yevhen Kushnaryov (2004–2005)
 Oleh Shapovalov (2005–2006)
 Vasiliy Salygin (2006–2008)
 Serhii Chernov (2008–2020)
 Artur Tovmasyan (2020–2021)
 Tetiana Yehorova-Lutsenko (since 2021)

References

1932 establishments in Ukraine
Council
Regional legislatures of Ukraine
Unicameral legislatures


Obaid Al-Taweela is a retired football player from the United Arab Emirates, who played for Dubai, Thun, Al-Ahli, Baniyas and Al-Shaab. He was also loaned to Al-Wasl.

References

External links

Living people
Emirati men's footballers
Emirati expatriate men's footballers
Dubai CSC players
FC Thun players
Shabab Al Ahli Club players
Baniyas Club players
Al-Shaab CSC players
Al Wasl F.C. players
2011 AFC Asian Cup players
United Arab Emirates men's international footballers
UAE Pro League players
UAE First Division League players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
Emirati expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
1976 births


Grünsee (literally "Green Lake") may refer to:

Grünsee (Berchtesgadener Land), in Bavaria, Germany
Grünsee (Pflersch), in South Tyrol, Italy
Grünsee (Zermatt), in Valais, Switzerland

See also
Grüner See (disambiguation)
Green Lake (disambiguation)