Martin Anderson (August 5, 1936 – January 3, 2015) was an American academic, economist, author, policy analyst, and adviser to US politicians and presidents, including Ronald Reagan and Richard Nixon. Under the Nixon administration, Anderson was credited with helping to end the military draft and creating the all-volunteer armed forces. Under Reagan, Anderson helped draft the administration’s original economic program that became known as “Reaganomics.” A political conservative and a strong proponent of free-market capitalism, he was influenced by libertarianism and opposed government regulations that limited individual freedom.

Anderson wrote and edited numerous books on topics concerning urban renewal, military manpower, welfare reform, higher education, and his experiences advising Reagan and Nixon. Later he coedited four books on Reagan’s writings and coauthored two books on Reagan’s efforts to negotiate nuclear disarmament with the Soviet Union.

Early life and education
Martin Anderson was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, on August 5, 1936, the only child of Ralph and Evelyn Anderson, a dairy farmer and a nurse, respectively. In school he was a top student and student body president. In 1953 he was awarded a four-year scholarship to Dartmouth College to study engineering. He graduated in 1957 summa cum laude and remained at Dartmouth to pursue a double master’s degree in business and engineering through the Thayer School of Engineering and the Tuck School of Business.

In 1958 Anderson met his future wife, Annelise Graebner; the two married in 1965. They shared an interest in conservative politics and had campaigned together for Barry Goldwater. Later they attended courses at the Nathaniel Branden Institute and became friends with novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand, and through Rand met economist Alan Greenspan. It was through Rand and Anderson's recommendation that Alan Greenspan began his career in government.

In 1959 Anderson was named assistant to the dean of the Thayer School of Engineering, and he became acting dean that summer. In the fall of 1959, the Ford Foundation awarded him a fellowship to study economics and finance at the Joint Center for Urban Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. There he became interested in urban renewal, which became the topic of his doctorate. He spent one summer working for the Ford Motor Company as a financial analyst. In 1962, he earned the first PhD in industrial management ever granted by a college or university from the MIT Sloan School of Management. Upon graduating, he embarked upon a career in academia and writing.

Columbia University and “The Federal Bulldozer” (1962–68)
On July 1, 1962, Anderson began working as an assistant professor of finance at Columbia Business School. In the same year, his dissertation, "The Federal Bulldozer: A Critical Analysis of Urban Renewal, 1949–1962," was published by MIT Press. The dissertation's central thesis is that urban renewal was a failure because it didn’t eliminate slums or create affordable housing; rather, it replaced slums with more costly housing that forced the poor to move elsewhere. The book was controversially received, including criticism among his fellow professors at Columbia University, yet it established Anderson as an expert on urban renewal. It also brought Anderson to the attention of Richard Nixon. In 1965 he was promoted to associate professor; at age 28, he was one of the youngest teachers to receive tenure in Columbia's history. He was associate professor from 1965 to 1968. An updated paperback edition of The Federal Bulldozer was published by McGraw-Hill in 1967.

Advising Richard Nixon
Anderson served as an adviser for the 1968 Nixon presidential campaign, Nixon's White House transition, and the Nixon administration. He also served as chairman of the President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force.

The 1968 Nixon Presidential Campaign
In 1967 members of Nixon's staff, Len Garment, Pat Buchanan, and Ray Price, invited Anderson to join Nixon's presidential campaign planning group as a policy adviser. In this role, he wrote a policy paper on ending the draft and moving to an all-volunteer force, “An Analysis of the Factors Involved in Moving to an All-Volunteer Armed Force.” Nixon echoed the sentiments expressed in Anderson’s paper in an interview with New York Times reporter Robert B. Semple Jr. in December 1967. Along with Walter Oi and Milton Friedman, Anderson is credited with helping to end military conscription in the United States.

In 1968 Anderson joined the Nixon presidential campaign, focusing on domestic and economic policy. As Nixon’s chief urban affairs adviser, Anderson was tasked with developing policy to address the problems associated with America’s low-income neighborhoods. He advocated for self-help with a call for increased African American ownership, a component of the movement now known as Black capitalism.  A report written by Anderson on the subject of basic income, which quoted heavily from Karl Polanyi's The Great Transformation on the Speenhamland system, was credited by Rutger Bregman and Corey Robin with Nixon moving away from the idea of basic income, and by Bregman as, from there, ultimately providing arguments for various welfare reforms by Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush.

Anderson's wife, Annelise Graebner Anderson, also worked on the campaign, traveling with vice presidential candidate Spiro Agnew. During this time, Anderson was introduced to economists Milton Friedman and Arthur F. Burns, who were to become his lifelong mentors.

The Nixon White House Transition
Martin Anderson was appointed special assistant to the president and worked closely with Arthur F. Burns, who was appointed counsellor for domestic policy. Together they wrote a policy notebook that was used to write letters of instruction for incoming cabinet secretaries. In Anderson's 1990 book Revolution, he lamented that the Nixon transition was not able to find middle- and lower-level staff loyal to the new administration’s policy goals.

The Nixon Administration
During the first year of the Nixon administration, Anderson focused on welfare policy. In February 1970, Burns left the White House to become Federal Reserve chair. Upon his departure, Anderson's title changed to special consultant to the president for systems analysis, a title never used before, reporting to John Ehrlichman. In September 1970, Bryce Harlow recruited Anderson, William Safire, and Pat Buchanan to travel with Vice President Agnew and support the reelection campaigns of GOP senators.

President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Force (aka the Gates Commission)
In 1968 Richard Nixon had campaigned with a promise to end the draft. Soon after taking office, he formed the President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Force, chaired by former defense secretary Thomas S. Gates Jr. On February 21, 1970, the Gates Commission presented its findings to President Nixon. Its report stated that members unanimously agreed that the country should replace conscription with an all-volunteer military force. In response, Nixon appointed a group of White House staff, headed by Anderson, to review the commission’s findings and report on the cost and feasibility of an all-volunteer force. In March 1971, Anderson left the White House to return to academia as a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. The national draft officially ended on January 27, 1973.

Advising Ronald Reagan
Anderson was the only full-time economic policy adviser on both the 1976 and 1980 Reagan presidential campaigns. After Reagan’s successful later bid, Anderson served as an adviser during the White House transition, and during the Reagan administration he served as assistant to the president for policy development and worked on the Military Manpower Task Force. After leaving the White House and returning to academia in March 1982, he continued to advise the Reagan administration, serving on the President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, the President’s Economic Policy Advisory Board, and the President's General Advisory Committee on Arms Control and Disarmament.

The 1976 Reagan Presidential Campaign
In 1975 John Sears and Lyn Nofziger invited Anderson to join the Reagan presidential campaign as an adviser on  foreign, defense, and economic policy. Anderson accompanied Reagan throughout the campaign and was present at many key junctures, including Reagan's defeat in the North Carolina primary and his speech at the 1976 Republican National Convention. It was at this time that Anderson became acquainted with Michael Deaver and Edwin Meese III.

Anderson organized meetings between Reagan and the nation’s top economists. The meetings led to the formation of six economic policy task forces comprising 74 economists. Between the 1976 and 1980 campaigns, Anderson continued to seek out policy experts and introduce them to Reagan. By the 1980 campaign, there were 329 advisers organized into 23 task forces.

During this time, Anderson was a member of the Committee on the Present Danger, which played an important role in developing defense policy. He continued on the committee until 1991.

The 1980 Reagan Presidential Campaign
In March 1979, Anderson took an indefinite leave of absence from the Hoover Institution and moved to Los Angeles to join the Reagan campaign. Among his responsibilities were the development and coordination of policy positions. In August 1979, Anderson drafted three influential memoranda on economic policy, energy policy, and foreign and defense policies.

Anderson's Policy Memo No. 1 on economics made the case that inflation was the nation's most pressing domestic concern due to its social and political cost. It further argued that the primary cause for inflation was the deficit and that the best way to eliminate the deficit was to "reduce the rate of growth of federal expenditures and to simultaneously stimulate the economy so as to increase revenues in such a way that the private share grows proportionately more than the government share.”

Anderson's Policy Memo No. 3 on foreign policy, proposed a new, updated missile defense system that foreshadowed Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative.

The Reagan White House Transition
After Reagan’s 1980 election to president, Anderson, reporting to Edwin Meese III, participated in a broad range of decision-making activities. He studied the transitions of the Ford and Carter administrations and developed a methodical briefing procedure for new cabinet officers that ensured they would “not betray the policies the campaign was fought on.” He also produced and gave to each cabinet secretary a notebook with policy positions relevant to their area.

The Reagan Administration
In the White House, continuing to report to Edwin Meese, Anderson was appointed assistant to the president for policy development and given responsibility for domestic and economic policy. Anderson became known as the “conscience of the administration,” due to his insistence that policy decisions reflect campaign promises and Reagan's personal views. Anderson said his goals were “to keep the policy effort focused on those things that Reagan wanted done, and in the order he wanted to do them.”

President’s Economic Policy Advisory Board
Inspired by the economic policy advisory board developed by Richard V. Allen during the Reagan transition, Anderson developed the President's Economic Policy Advisory Board and invited economists who had worked on the Reagan campaign but did not join the administration, along with other outside experts, to serve on it. It was signed into existence on March 2, 1981, with Executive Order 12296. Reporting directly to the president, it was chaired by George P. Shultz and included distinguished economists Arthur Burns, Alan Greenspan, Milton Friedman, Paul McCracken, and William Simon Sr. Some White House economists, including Martin Feldstein and Murray Weidenbaum, asserted that the board had little influence. However, Anderson said the board played an important role in pushing the administration to enact tax cuts and go forward with deregulation. Anderson joined the board after leaving the White House in 1982 and remained a member until 1989.

Military Manpower Task Force
In response to questions regarding the armed forces' ability to attract and retain enough adequately educated volunteers to operate the military’s increasingly sophisticated weapons systems, President Reagan announced the formation of the Military Manpower Task Force on July 8, 1981, and appointed Anderson a member. The goal of the task force was to review “compensation, educational benefits, readiness, training and discipline, standards of enlistment, recruiting and retention, and draft registration.” It was in place for 14 months, and despite serious divisions between the civilian and military members of the task force, it concluded that the all-volunteer armed force was working.

In March 1982, desiring a return to the world of academia and writing as administration policy development slowed down, Anderson left the White House.

President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
After leaving the White House, Anderson was appointed to the President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. Deactivated during the Carter administration, the board was reestablished in 1981, at Richard V. Allen's request, with Executive Order No. 12331, which granted it the authority to “continually review the performance of all agencies of Government that are engaged in the collection, evaluation, or production of intelligence or the execution of intelligence policy [and] to assess the adequacy of management, personnel, and organization in the intelligence agencies.” Anderson's participation was terminated on October 31, 1985, when the board was restructured. He and other board members terminated at the same time believed that the board's restructuring might have played a role in the Iran-Contra affair.

President's General Advisory Committee on Arms Control and Disarmament
In 1986 Anderson was nominated by Reagan to the President's General Advisory Committee on Arms Control and Disarmament. He served on the committee from 1987 to 1993 but noted that by the fall of 1987, it had fallen into disuse and had eight vacancies.

At the Hoover Institution
In 1971, after leaving the Nixon administration, Anderson joined the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, as a senior fellow, conducting research on economic and political issues. In 1976, he published Conscription: A Select and Annotated Bibliography with the Hoover Institution Press. In 1975, he became an adjunct scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. Anderson left the Hoover Institution and the American Enterprise Institute in 1975 to join the Reagan presidential campaign.

Upon returning to the Hoover Institution in 1976, Anderson helped compile a book of short essays and policy recommendations, The United States in the 1980s, published in 1980. The book was referred to by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985 as "the real blueprint" of the Reagan administration. Anderson also published Welfare: The Political Economy of Welfare Reform in the United States (Hoover Institution Press, 1978), which drew from his experience working on President Nixon's Family Assistance Plan of 1969 and President Ford's Income Supplementation Plan of 1974. Anderson left the Hoover Institution in 1979 to join the Reagan presidential campaign and serve in the Reagan administration.

When Anderson returned to the Hoover Institution in 1982, he retained influence in the Reagan administration through membership on various boards and committees and through his writings. In 1982 he published The Military Draft: Selected Readings on Conscription (Hoover Institution Press) and edited Registration and the Draft: Proceedings of the Hoover-Rochester Conference on the All-Volunteer Force (Hoover Institution Press). In 1984 he published An Economic Bill of Rights (Hoover Institution Press). Reagan promoted an economic bill of rights tenet in 1987. In 1985 Anderson published Stanford and Hoover and Academic Freedom: A Collection of Published Reports on the Relationship between Stanford University and the Hoover Institution (Hoover Institution Press). In 1987 he published An Insurance Missile Defense (Hoover Institution Press). In 1988 he described his experience working in the Reagan White House in Revolution (Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1988). In 1992 he turned his focus to administrative problems and malfeasance in higher education, publishing Impostors in the Temple (Simon & Schuster, 1992).

In 1996 Anderson returned to working on political campaigns, often in concert with other Hoover fellows. In his later years, Anderson focused on writing and editing books about Ronald Reagan. With coeditors Annelise Graebner Anderson and Kiron Skinner, he used the extensive writings of Ronald Reagan held in archives to publish a series of books detailing Reagan’s ideas and their evolution: Stories in His Own Hand : The Everyday Wisdom of Ronald Reagan (Free Press, 2001), Reagan, in His Own Hand (Simon & Schuster, 2002), Reagan: A Life in Letters (Free Press, 2003), and Reagan's Path to Victory: The Shaping of Ronald Reagan's Vision, Selected Writings (Free Press, 2004). As more declassified documents became available, Anderson and his wife and coauthor, Annelise Graebner Anderson, published two more books, detailing Reagan’s negotiations with the Soviet Union to eliminate the proliferation of nuclear weapons and prevent a nuclear war: Reagan's Secret War: The Untold Story of His Fight to Save the World from Nuclear Disaster (Crown Archetype, 2009) and Ronald Reagan: Decisions of Greatness (Hoover Institution Press, 2015).

In 1998 Anderson was named the Hoover Institution's Keith and Jan Hurlbut Fellow.

Republican National Conventions
Between 1968 and 2004 Martin Anderson attended every Republican National Convention, playing an important role in several. In 1972 he was head writer for the Republican Party platform. In 1976 he was Reagan’s chief issues adviser, charged with watching over the platform committee. In 1980 he advised Reagan and acted as platform committee overseer, in which role he helped draft compromise language for the Equal Rights Amendment plank of the party platform. In 1984 and 1988 he worked as a consultant for the Republican Platform Committee. He was a delegate in 1992, 1996, 2000, and 2004. In 2000 he was chairman of the GOP's Technology and Economic Prosperity Subcommittee, which worked on the internet provisions of the party platform.

Other Political Campaigns and Commentary
 In 1992 Anderson joined Tom Campbell's campaign for the California State Senate. Campbell sought Anderson's help in developing a plan to cut the deficit and taxes. John Cogan and John Taylor, fellows at the Hoover Institution, also worked on the campaign.
 Between 1993 and 1994 Anderson was a syndicated columnist for the Scripps Howard News Service.
 In 1995 Anderson joined Pete Wilson's presidential campaign as a senior advisor. When Wilson left the race, Wilson endorsed Bob Dole and placed Anderson on the California Delegate Committee to the Republican National Convention.
 In 1996 Anderson joined the Dole campaign as an economic policy advisor and senior advisor, traveling extensively with the candidate.
 Between 1996 and 1998 Anderson was a regular commentator on the PBS Nightly Business Report.
 In 1998 Anderson joined the George W. Bush presidential campaign as a policy adviser.
 Between 2001 and 2002, Anderson was a top adviser on Bill Simon's campaign for California governor. Simon’s chief Republican rival was Richard Riordan, who was advised by Hoover Institution fellows George P. Shultz and Michael Boskin.

Other Task Forces, Commissions, Councils, and Boards
 1972–1975, Public Interest Director, Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco
 1973–1976, Member, Rockefeller Commission on Critical Choices for Americans
 In November 1974, Anderson chaired an ad hoc White House task force on welfare reform, with the objective of reviewing President Ford's Income Supplementation Plan, which was developed by Caspar Weinberger.
 1974–1976, member of the Council on Trends and Perspectives, an advisory group for the US Chamber of Commerce on economic policy and other issues
 1985–1992, trustee and secretary of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation, tasked with choosing a site and architect for the construction of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum.
 In February 1993, appointed to the California Governor's Council of Economic Advisers, created by Pete Wilson. The council helped move welfare reforms and crime bills through the legislature. Milton Friedman and George P. Shultz also served on the council.
 In July 1997, appointed to the National Commission on the Cost of Higher Education, a federal commission that studied the rising cost of college education, established at the request of Buck McKeon. Anderson was appointed to the commission by Newt Gingrich.
 In 1998, the Congressional Policy Advisory Board was formed by Chris Cox at Martin Anderson's request with Anderson as chairman. The goal of the board was to put members of Congress in touch with nongovernment policy experts. Its members included Paul Wolfowitz, Donald Rumsfeld, George P. Shultz, and Richard V. Allen. The board dissolved itself in 2001 after George W. Bush was elected to the US presidency and most of its members joined the new administration.
 In 2001, appointed to the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee, which advised Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld, Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz, and the Department of Defense.
 In September 2004, named member of Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger’s Council of Economic Advisers
 2005–2006, member of the Defense Advisory Committee on Military Compensation

Selected Writings
Published Works

Anderson authored:
 The Federal Bulldozer: A Critical Analysis of Urban Renewal: 1949–62 (McGraw-Hill, 1967)
 Conscription: A Select and Annotated Bibliography (Hoover Institution Press, 1976)
 Welfare: The Political Economy of Welfare Reform in the United States (Hoover Institution Press, 1978)
 The Military Draft: Selected Readings on Conscription (Hoover Institution Press, 1982)
 An Economic Bill of Rights (Hoover Institution Press, 1984)
 Revolution: The Reagan Legacy (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988; Hoover Institution Press, 1990)
 Impostors in the Temple (Simon & Schuster, 1992)

Anderson coauthored with Annelise Graebner Anderson:
 Reagan's Secret War: The Untold Story of His Fight to Save the World from Nuclear Disaster (Crown Archetype, 2009)
 Ronald Reagan: Decisions of Greatness (Hoover Institution Press, 2015)

Anderson edited:
 Registration and the Draft (Hoover Institution Press, 1982)

Anderson coedited with Annelise Graebner Anderson and Kiron Skinner:
 Reagan, in His Own Hand: The Writings of Ronald Reagan That Reveal His Revolutionary Vision for America (Free Press, 2001)
 Stories in His Own Hand: The Everyday Wisdom of Ronald Reagan (Free Press, 2001)
 Reagan: A Life in Letters (Free Press, 2003)
 Reagan's Path to Victory: The Shaping of Ronald Reagan's Vision: Selected Writings (Free Press, 2004)

References

External links
 Martin Anderson papers at the Hoover Institution
 Martin Anderson biography at the Hoover Institution
 Martin Anderson oral history at the Miller Center, University of Virginia
 Martin Anderson biography at Ashland University Ashbrook Center

1936 births
2015 deaths
Reagan administration personnel
Columbia Business School faculty
Thayer School of Engineering alumni
Harvard University staff
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
Economists from Massachusetts
Tuck School of Business alumni
Massachusetts Republicans


Davud Monshizadeh (; 28 August 1914 – 13 July 1989) was the founder of SUMKA (the "Iranian National Socialist Workers Party") and a supporter of Nazism in Germany during World War II and in Iran after the war. He was also a scholar in Iranian Studies who later became a professor of Iranian Languages at Uppsala University, Sweden.

Career
Monshizadeh was born in Tehran, Iran. He is mainly remembered for his political life, most notably being the leader of SUMKA, but he is also recognized for his contributions to Iranian linguistics, particularly to the study of Modern and Middle Iranian languages.

Monshizadeh formed the SUMKA in 1951. He had lived in Germany since 1937, and was a former SS member, who fought and was wounded in the Battle of Berlin. He was a professor at Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich and was deeply influenced by Jose Ortega y Gasset's philosophy, even translating many of his books (which he hoped would serve as founding principles for the party), from Spanish to Persian. He returned to Iran in 1950. Monshizadeh would later serve as a professor of Persian Studies at Uppsala University and Alexandria University. Monshizadeh was known as an admirer of Hitler and imitated many of the ways of the National Socialist German Workers Party (such as their militarism and salute), as well as attempting to approximate Hitler's physical appearance, including his moustache.

He is buried at Uppsala Old Cemetery, Sweden.

Chronology
 1931 - Sent to France by Iranian government to study.
 1937 - Moved to Germany, a year after the Hitler Cabinet declared Iranians to be "pure-blooded Aryans" and immune to all Nuremberg laws, thus making them capable of becoming Reich citizens.
 1939 - Monshizadeh and Bahram Shahrokh (the future Iranian Propaganda Director) started working for the Persian program of the Third Reich’s Deutsche Radio.
 1940 - He started writing articles for Das Reich, the official newspaper of the German National Socialist party
 1941 - He worked with various organizations in the Third Reich
 1943 - Obtained his doctorate in philosophy and literature from Berlin University.
 1945 - During the Battle of Berlin, he fought as a member of the SS. He was injured and hospitalized (off and on) till 1947.
 1947 - Taught Iranology and Persian language in University of Munich.
 1950 - He returned to Iran.
 1951 - Along with Manouchehr Amir Mokri and Hussein Zarabi, he established the Iranian National Socialist Party (Sumka), which played a role against oil nationalization in Iran.
 1953 - Monshizadeh was “Unofficially Exiled” to Europe by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
1963 - He left Iran in 1963 and came to Sweden on the initiative of Professor Stig Wikander. He spent the rest of his life in Sweden teaching Iranology and Persian language at Uppsala University, eventually becoming Professor in Iranian Languages.
 1989 - He died in Uppsala, Sweden, and is buried at Uppsala old cemetery (Uppsala gamla kyrkogård).

Works
 Das Persische im Codex Cumanicus, Uppsala: Studia Indoeuropaea Upsaliensia, 1969.
 Topographisch-historische Studien zum iranischen Nationalepos, Wiesbaden: Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 1975.
 Wörter aus Xurāsān und ihre Herkunft, Leiden: Acta Iranica; Troisième série, Textes et mémoires, 1990.
 Die Geschichte Zarēr's, ausführlich komment. von Davoud Monshi-Zadeh, Uppsala: Studia Indoeuropaea Upsaliensia, 1981.
 Ta'ziya : das persische Passionsspiel / mit teilweiser Übersetzung der von Litten gesammelten Stücke von Davoud Monchi-Zadeh, Stockholm: Skrifter utgivna av K. Humanistiska vetenskapssamfundet, 1967.
 Vihrūd va Arang : justārhā-yī dar jughrāfiy-̄yi asāṭīr ̄va tārīkh-̄i Īrān-i sharqī, pazhūhish-i Josef Markwart; tarjumah bā iz̤āfāt az Davūd Munshī-Zādah, Teheran: Majmūʻah-'i Intishārāt-i adabī va tārīkhī, 1989. (in Persian)

References

1914 births
1989 deaths
Politicians from Tehran
Iranian emigrants to Sweden
Iranian expatriate academics
Iranian collaborators with Nazi Germany
20th-century Iranian historians
Swedish Iranologists
Linguists from Iran
Academic staff of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
Academic staff of Alexandria University
Academic staff of Uppsala University
Iranian fascists
Fascist politicians
Burials at Uppsala old cemetery
SS personnel
Iranian expatriates in Germany
SUMKA politicians
20th-century translators
Iranian nationalists
20th-century linguists
Zoroastrian studies scholars
Far-right politics in Iran


Adam Bajalics von Bajaháza, also Adam Bajalić von Bajaházy or Adam Bayalitsch, (1734 – 5 June 1800) entered  Austrian military service and fought against Prussia, Ottoman Turkey, and France. During the 1796–1797 Italian campaign against Napoleon Bonaparte, he commanded a brigade or a division in several actions.

Military career
Born to a Dalmatin (Croats from Dalmatia, today known as Bunjevci) family in Szeged, Hungary in 1734, Bajalics enlisted in the Archduke Ferdinand Infantry Regiment # 2 from 1750 to 1754. He rejoined the Austrian army in 1758, this time in the Warasdiner Grenz Infantry Regiment. (The Grenz were light infantry recruited from the military border with Ottoman Turkey.) He fought in the Seven Years' War and earned promotion to lieutenant (Leutnant). During the War of the Bavarian Succession, he was a captain (Hauptmann) and was soon elevated to the rank of major. In 1783, he was appointed lieutenant colonel (Oberst-Leutnant) of the Szluiner Grenz Infantry Regiment. He served with distinction during the Austro-Turkish War (1788–91), becoming colonel (Oberst) on 28 February 1789.

The Seven Years' War (1756-1763), which essentially pits France and Austria against England allied with Prussia, offers Bajalics the opportunity to earn his stripes of lieutenant in 1760. Captain-Lieutenant in 1768 then captain in 1773, he was appointed major on the occasion of the conflict for the succession of Bavaria (1778-1779), between Austria, on the one hand, Prussia, Saxony and Bavaria on the other.

In 1782, on September 10, he received the title of Baron von Bajahaza.

French Revolutionary Wars
On 1 January 1794, Bajalics became a major general (General-Major). During the French Revolutionary Wars he served as a brigade commander in Count Dagobert von Wurmser's army on the upper Rhine. He earned the Military Order of Maria Theresa for his exploits during the Battle of Handschuhsheim on 24 September 1795, in which a French division was cut to pieces.

After General Bonaparte's French army overran the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont in the spring of 1796, Bajalics was posted to northern Italy. He commanded a brigade in Wurmser's first relief of the Siege of Mantua in early August. Wurmser assigned Bajalics to mask the fortress of Peschiera. After the Austrian defeat at the Battle of Castiglione, Bajalics sent four battalions of his troops to cover the main army's withdrawal.

During the fourth relief of Mantua in January 1797, Bajalics commanded a 6,200-man division that threatened French-held Verona. In this effort, in which Jozsef Alvinczi's main army advanced from the north and Giovanni di Provera's division moved against Legnago, the Austrian plan miscarried. On 12 January, Bajalics mounted an attack on Verona to draw attention from Alvinczi and Provera. After eight hours of combat with André Masséna's division, the Austrians fell back. On 14 January, Bonaparte crushed Jozsef Alvinczi's army at the Battle of Rivoli, then he hurried back to Mantua to wipe out Provera's column. Only Bajalics' troops escaped intact from the catastrophe. He was promoted to lieutenant general (Feldmarschal-Leutnant) on 1 March 1797.

When Bonaparte hustled the army of Archduke Charles out of Italy in the spring of 1797, Bajalics led part of the right wing in its retreat from Udine in present-day Italy toward Villach in modern Austria. In a confused series of actions from 21 to 23 March, the French succeeded in closing off the Austrian escape route at Tarvisio. On the latter day, hemmed in by the divisions of Masséna and Jean Sérurier, Bajalics surrendered with 3,500 men, 25 artillery pieces and 400 wagons. His forces also suffered 1,000 killed and wounded while inflicting 1,200 casualties on the French.

Bajalics retired from military service in 1797 and died in 1800 in Karlovac.

See also
 Siege of Mantua (1796-1797)
 Paul Davidovich
 Franjo Vlašić
 Anton Csorich
 Martin von Dedovich
 Andreas Karaczay

References

Sources

External links
 Bajalics by Digby Smith, compiled by Leopold Kudrna

1734 births
1800 deaths
People from Szeged
Austrian Empire military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Austrian lieutenant field marshals
Croatian military personnel in Austrian armies
Bunjevci
Habsburg Croats
18th-century Croatian people


Stephen Poyntz Denning (1795 – 8 June 1864) was an English portrait painter and gallery curator. He studied drawing and painting under John Masey Wright, working from Wright's address from 1814 to 1817, before exhibiting oil and watercolour miniature portraits at the Royal Academy between 1814 and 1852, as well as a small number of oil genre scenes in 1844 at the British Institution. In 1821 he became Curator of the Dulwich Picture Gallery, a post he held until his death.  He died at Dulwich and was buried on 10 June 1864 at West Norwood Cemetery.

References

External links
Portraits by Denning at the National Portrait Gallery (London)
Biography at the site of the Wallace Collection
, including his painting of Queen Victoria in the Dulwich Picture Gallery

1787 births
1864 deaths
Portrait miniaturists
19th-century English painters
English male painters
English curators
Burials at West Norwood Cemetery
English portrait painters
19th-century English male artists


The Marked Men is the eponymous debut album by the Denton, Texas punk rock band The Marked Men, released May 20, 2003 by Rip Off Records and Dirtnap Records.

Track listing

Personnel
Jeff Burke – guitar, lead vocals
Mark Ryan – guitar, lead vocals
Joe Ayoub – bass guitar
Mike Throneberry – drum kit
Jim Kuckowski – mastering
Mark Ryan and Dana Harper – photos and cover design
Recorded and mixed by The Marked Men

References

2003 debut albums
The Marked Men albums


The Canton of Châtel-sur-Moselle is a French former administrative and electoral grouping of communes in the Vosges département of eastern France and in the region of Lorraine. It covered an area directly to the north-west of Épinal. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It had 19,871 inhabitants (2012).

One of 13 cantons in the Arrondissement of Épinal, the Canton of Châtel-sur-Moselle had its administrative centre at Châtel-sur-Moselle.

Composition
The Canton of Châtel-sur-Moselle comprised the following 23 communes:

Badménil-aux-Bois
Bayecourt
Châtel-sur-Moselle
Chavelot
Damas-aux-Bois
Domèvre-sur-Durbion
Frizon
Gigney
Girmont
Hadigny-les-Verrières
Haillainville
Igney
Mazeley
Moriville
Nomexy
Oncourt
Pallegney
Rehaincourt
Sercœur
Thaon-les-Vosges
Vaxoncourt
Villoncourt
Zincourt

References

Chatel-sur-Moselle
2015 disestablishments in France
States and territories disestablished in 2015


This article contains the discography of jazz guitarist Joe Pass as leader, sideman, and collaborator.

As leader or co-leader

Compilation

 2001 The Complete Pacific Joe Pass Quartet Sessions

As sideman
With Ella Fitzgerald
 1973 Newport Jazz Festival: Live at Carnegie Hall
 1974 Fine and Mellow
 1974 Ella in London
 1981 Ella Abraca Jobim
 1982 The Best Is Yet to Come

With Richard "Groove" Holmes
 1962 After Hours
 1962 Somethin' Special
 1966 Tell It Like It Tis

With Les McCann
 1962 On Time
 1963 Soul Hits

With Carmen McRae
 1972 The Great American Songbook
 1973 It Takes a Whole Lot of Human Feeling

With Oscar Peterson
 1974 The Good Life
 1975 The Oscar Peterson Big 6 at Montreux
 1979 Night Child
 1982 Face to Face, Peterson/Freddie Hubbard
 1983 A Tribute to My Friends
 1983 If You Could See Me Now
 1986 Oscar Peterson Live!
 1986 Time After Time
 1986 Oscar Peterson + Harry Edison + Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson
 1986 Benny Carter Meets Oscar Peterson, Benny Carter/Peterson

With Gerald Wilson
 1962 Moment of Truth
 1963 Portraits
 1965 On Stage
 1968 Everywhere

With others
 1962 Grab This!, Johnny Griffin
 1963 Folk 'n' Flute, Bud Shank
 1964 Stretchin' Out, The Crusaders
 1965 All Through the Night: Julie London Sings the Choicest of Cole Porter, Julie London
 1969 Reelin' with the Feelin', Charles Kynard
 1969 The Original Cleanhead, Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson
 1970 Blood, Chet and Tears, Chet Baker
 1971 Roger Kellaway Cello Quartet, Roger Kellaway
 1972 Maestro, Moacir Santos
 1974 Duke's Big 4, Duke Ellington Quartet
 1974 Dizzy Gillespie's Big 4, Dizzy Gillespie
 1975 Happy Time, Roy Eldridge
 1975 Zoot Sims and the Gershwin Brothers, Zoot Sims
 1976 The King, Benny Carter
 1976 Carter, Gillespie Inc., Benny Carter and Dizzy Gillespie
 1978 How Long Has This Been Going On?, Sarah Vaughan
 1980 The Alternate Blues, Clark Terry, Freddie Hubbard, Dizzy Gillespie plus Oscar Peterson
 1980 Memories of Duke, Clark Terry
 1983 Mostly Blues...and Some Others, Count Basie
 1988 My Kind of Trouble, Benny Carter
 1989 Autumn Leaves, Tommy Gumina

References

Pass, Joe

Pass, Joe


The city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is home to 119 high-rise buildings or skyscrapers, 55 of which stand at  or taller. The majority of the city's tallest buildings are located north of the Interstate 794, south of Juneau Avenue, east of Interstate 43, and west of Lincoln Memorial Drive. There are additional high-rises extending northward along Lake Michigan. The tallest building in Milwaukee, and Wisconsin, is the 42-story,  tall U.S. Bank Center, which was completed in 1973. The second-tallest is the 32-story,  tall Northwestern Mutual Tower and Commons building, completed in 2017.

The history of skyscrapers in Milwaukee began with the Pabst Building. Completed in 1891, and standing  tall, it was Milwaukee's first skyscraper, and the tallest building in the city until the Milwaukee City Hall was completed four years later. The Pabst Building was demolished in 1981. For nearly eighty years, from 1895 to 1973, City Hall dominated the skyline, and was at the time of its completion, the tallest habitable building in the United States. A significant building boom occurred in the 1960s, resulting in eleven of the top sixteen tallest buildings of the time having been built in that decade, and then between 1985 and 1991, six of the eight tallest buildings of the time were constructed. But a third significant building boom in the twenty-first century includes the construction of the Moderne, a skyscraper with luxury condominiums, the 833 East Michigan office building, the Potawatomi Casino Hotel, the Northwestern Mutual Tower and Commons, the 25-story,  tall BMO Harris Financial Center, and the 34-story,  tall 7Seventy7 Residential tower, all built since 2012. Future under-construction or approved skyscrapers include the 44-story,  tall Couture, a mixed-use tower with high-end residential apartments and retail space, the mass timber Ascent MKE, and the resurrected 27-story,  tall Goll Mansion Apartment Tower, resulting in ten of the sixteen tallest buildings in the city having been constructed since 2005. Another six high-rises have been proposed since the beginning of 2017.

Tallest buildings
This list ranks the fifty tallest Milwaukee skyscrapers based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details, but does not include antenna masts. The "Year" column indicates the year of completion.

Tallest under construction, approved, and proposed

This lists buildings that are under construction, approved, or proposed in Milwaukee.

Timeline of tallest buildings

Tallest demolished
This table lists buildings in Milwaukee that were demolished and at one time stood at least  in height.

References
General
Emporis.com - Milwaukee
Specific

Milwaukee
Tallest in Milwaukee
Tallest buildings


Bisphosphate may refer to:

(ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase)-lysine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.127), an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-N6-methyl-L-lysine
3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.7), an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H2O adenosine 5'-phosphate + phosphate
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, fructose sugar phosphorylated on carbons 1 and 6
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (or fructose 2,6-diphosphate), abbreviated Fru-2,6-P2, a metabolite which allosterically affects the activity of the enzymes phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1) and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-1) to regulate glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.46), an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction beta-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + H2O D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.54), an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction beta-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + H2O beta-D-fructofuranose 2-phosphate + phosphate
Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase, a type of enzyme called a phosphotransferase and is involved in mammalian starch and sucrose metabolism
Inositol-1,4-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.57), an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + H2O 1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate
Phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2), a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes, yet an important second messenger
Phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2), a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes, yet important in distinguishing cell compartments
Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes
Phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.66), an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (EC 2.7.1.153), an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate phosphokinase (EC 2.7.4.23), an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + ribose 1,5-bisphosphate ADP + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), an important substrate involved in carbon fixation
Tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.40), an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction D-tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate glycerone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate


Pegasus News was an online-only hyperlocal news source for the Dallas–Fort Worth region founded by Mike Orren.

The site was originally owned by PanLocal Media LLC. It pioneered many news site features that have since become more common, including customized content per-user, programmatic advertising, content curation from partner sites and tight integration of advertising and editorial in a single content management system.

In 2007 the website was acquired by Fisher Communications, who said that they planned to use the Pegasus model for their television stations' websites.

Pegasus News won a Katie Award from the Dallas Press Club and an Eppy Award from Editor & Publisher in 2008 for "Best Web Site".

In 2009, Gap Communications, a company specializing in mid-sized radio markets, acquired Pegasus News.

In July 2012, Pegasus News was acquired by The Dallas Morning News. The website was closed in February 2014.

References

External links
 Official site
 Article about Pegasus News on Poynter Online

American news websites


is a type of atmospheric ghost light  in legends of Japan. According to folklore, they are the spirits born from the corpses of humans and animals. They are also said to be resentful people that have become fire and appeared. Also, sometimes the words "will-o'-wisp" or "jack-o'-lantern" are translated into Japanese as "onibi".

Outline
According to the Wakan Sansai Zue written in the Edo period, it was a blue light like a pine torchlight, and several onibi would gather together, and humans who come close would have their spirit sucked out. Also, from the illustration in the same Zue, it has been guessed to have a size from about two or three centimeters in diameter to about 20 or 30 centimeters, and to float in the air about one or two meters from the ground. According to Yasumori Negishi, in the essay "Mimibukuro" from the Edo period, in chapter 10 "Onibi no Koto", there was an anecdote about an onibi that appeared above Hakone mountain that split into two and flew around, gathered together again, and furthermore split several times.

Nowadays, people have advanced several theories about their appearance and features.

Appearance
They are generally blue as stated previously, but there are some that are bluish white, red, and yellow. For their size, there are some as small as a candle flame, to ones about as large as a human, to some that even span several meters.
Number
Sometimes only one or two of them appear, and also times when 20 to 30 of them would appear at once, and even times when countless onibi would burn and disappear all night long.
Times of frequent appearance
They usually appear from spring to summer. They often appear on days of rain.
Places of frequent appearance
They commonly appear in watery areas like wetlands, and also in forests, prairies, and graveyards, and they often appear in places surrounded by natural features, but rarely they appear in towns as well.
Heat
There are some that, when touched, do not feel hot like a fire, but also some that would burn things with heat like a real fire.

Types

As onibi are thought of as a type of atmospheric ghost light, there are ones like the below. Other than these, there is also the shiranui, the koemonbi, the janjanbi, and the tenka among others. There is a theory that the kitsunebi is also a kind of onibi, but there is also the opinion that strictly speaking, they are different from onibi.

 Asobibi (遊火, "play fire")
It is an onibi that appears below the castle and above the sea in Kōchi, Kōchi Prefecture, and Mitani Mountain. One would think that it appeared very close, just for it to fly far away, and when one thinks that it has split apart several times, it would once again all come together. It is said to be of no particular harm to humans.
Igebo
It is what onibi are called in the Watarai District, Mie Prefecture.
Inka (陰火, "shadow fire")
It is an onibi that would appear together when a ghost or yōkai appears.
Kazedama (風玉, "wind ball")
It is an onibi of the Ibigawa, Ibi district, Gifu Prefecture. In storms, it would appear as a spherical ball of fire. It would be about as big as a personal tray, and it gives off bright light. In the typhoon of Meiji 30 (1897), this kazedama appeared from the mountain and floated in the air several times.
 Sarakazoe (皿数え, "count plate")
It is an onibi that appeared in the Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki by Sekien Toriyama. In the Banchō Sarayashiki known from ghost stories, Okiku's spirit became appeared as an inka ("shadow fire") from the well, and was depicted as counting plates.
 Sōgenbi (叢原火 or 宗源火, "religion source fire")
It was an onibi in Kyoto in Sekien Toriyama's Gazu Hyakki Yagyō. It was stated to be a monk who once stole from the Jizōdō in Mibu-dera who received Buddhist punishment and became an onibi, and the anguishing face of the priest would float inside the fire. The name also appeared in the "Shinotogibōko", a collection of ghost stories from the Edo period.
Hidama (火魂, "fire spirit")
An onibi from the Okinawa Prefecture. It ordinarily lives in the kitchen behind the charcoal extinguisher, but it is said to become a bird-like shape and fly around, and make things catch on fire.
Wataribisyaku (渡柄杓, "transversing ladle")
An onibi from Chii village, Kitakuwada District, Kyoto Prefecture (later, Miyama, now Nantan). It appears in mountain villages, and is a bluish white ball of fire that lightly floats in the air. It is said to have an appearance like a hishaku (ladle), but it is not that it actually looks like the ladle tool, but rather that it appeared to be pulling a long and thin tail, which was compared to a ladle as a metaphor.
Kitsunebi (狐火, "fox fire")
It is a mysterious fire that has created various legends, there is the theory that a bone the fox is holding in its mouth is glowing. Kimimori Sarashina from Michi explained it as a refraction of light that occurs near river beds. Sometimes kitsunebi are considered a type of onibi.

Considerations
First, considering how the details about onibi from eyewitness testimony do not match each other, onibi can be thought of as a collective term for several kinds of mysterious light phenomenon. Since they frequently appear during days of rain, even though the "bi" (fire) is in its name, they have been surmised to be different from simply the flames of combustion, and is a different type of luminescent body. It is especially of note that in the past, these phenomena were not strange.

In China in the BC era, it was said that "from the blood of human and animals, phosphorus and oni fire (onibi) comes". The character 燐 at that time in China could also mean the luminescence of fireflies, triboelectricity, and was not a word that indicated the chemical element "phosphorus".

Meanwhile, in Japan, according to the explanation in the "Wakan Sansai Zue", for humans, horses, and cattle die in battle and stain the ground with blood, the onibi are what their spirits turn into after several years and months.

One century after the "Wakan Sansai Zue" in the 19th century and afterwards in Japan, as the first to speak of them, they were mentioned in Shūkichi Arai's literary work "Fushigi Benmō", stating, "the corpses of those who are buried have their phosphorus turned into onibi". This interpretation was supported until the 1920s, and dictionaries would state this in the Shōwa period and beyond.

Sankyō Kanda, a biologist of luminescent animals, found phosphorus in 1696, and as he knew that human bodies also had this phosphorus, in Japan, the character 燐 was applied to it, and thus it can be guessed that it was mixed in with the hint from China about the relation between onibi and phosphorus. In other words, it could be surmised that when corpses decay, the phosphorus in phosphoric acid would give off light. In this way, many of the onibi would be explained, but there also remain many testimonies that do not match with the theory that of illumination from phosphorus.

After that, there is a theory that it is not phosphorus itself, but rather the spontaneous combustion of phosphine, or the theory that it is burning methane produced from the decay of the corpse, and also a theory that hydrogen sulfide is produced from the decay and becomes the source of the onibi, and also ones that would be defined in modern science as a type of plasma. Since they often appear in days of rain, there are scientists that would explain that as Saint Elmo's fire (plasma phenomenon). The physicist Yoshihiko Ōtsuki also advanced the theory that these mysterious fires are caused by plasma. It has also been pointed out that for the lights that would appear far in the middle of darkness, that if they are able to move by suggestion, then there is a possibility that they could simply be related to optical illusion phenomena.

Each of these theories has its own merits and demerits, and since the onibi legends themselves are of various kinds, it would be impossible to conclusively explain all of the onibi with a single theory.

Furthermore, they are frequently confused with hitodama and kitsunebi, and as there are many different theories to explain them, and since the true nature of these onibi is unknown, there is no real clear distinction between them.

Other
There are also legends that onibi would float about when ghosts appear in Europe, as in Germany on November 2 on All Souls' Night, a great number of onibi can be seen behind the temple in the graveyard. This was seen as proof that a long line of ghosts had come to the temple, and the ghosts of children wore a white undergarment, participating in the line by "Frau Holle (Mrs. Holle)". Since they had appeared in a graveyard, an explanation was given that it was due to the gasses from decomposition as stated previously.

See also
 Hitodama
 Will-o-wisp

Notes

References

Atmospheric ghost lights
Japanese folklore


Grigory Leontyevich Valuyev, also spelt as Voluyev () (? – after 1623), was a Russian voyevoda, the older of the two sons of Leontiy Valuyev.

Life
Grigory Valuyev (together with Ivan Voyeykov) made himself a name in May 1606 by fatally shooting False Dmitry I (according to other accounts, it was a Muscovite merchant by the name of Mylnik or Mylnikov who had made the fatal shot). Thus, Voluyev’s participation in the impostor’s assassination brought him closer to the court of Vasili IV of Russia. Grigory Valuyev was often used as a voyevoda/messenger between the tsar and his cousin Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky during the latter’s trip to Novgorod in 1609. At the order of Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky, Grigory Valuyev (together with Semyon Golovin, Prince Yakov Baryatinsky, and David Zherebtsov) had to prevent the Lithuanian forces from crossing the Zhabyn River. On 1 September 1609, Valuyev, Golovin, and a Swedish commander marshal Kristiern Somme occupied Pereyaslavl-Zalessky and then forced the Polish army out of Alexandrovskaya Sloboda.

On 9 January 1610 Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky sent Grigory Valuyev with 500 soldiers to assist in relieving the Siege of Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra, laid by Polish commanders Jan Piotr Sapieha and Aleksander Józef Lisowski. After Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky’s sudden death in April 1610, Valuyev was transferred under the command of Dmitry Shuisky and sent to defend the western borders from the army of Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski. On 11 May 1610 Grigory Valuyev, together with Swedish commanders Jacob De la Gardie and Evert Horn, expelled the Polish army from Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery and rescued Metropolitan Filaret of Rostov from Roman Ruzhinsky (commander of False Dmitry II’s army in Tushino). After that, Valuyev and Prince Fyodor Yeletsky were put in charge of a unit stationed in a village of Tsaryovo-Zaymishche and responsible for providing cover for the army of Dmitry Shuisky (located near Mozhaysk). Stanisław Żółkiewski besieged Tsaryovo-Zaymishche and then led the rest of his army towards Mozhaysk, defeating the Russians at the Battle of Klushino. The hetman then returned to Tsaryovo-Zaymishche and offered the besieged to surrender.

Grigory Valuyev and Fyodor Yeletsky decided to capitulate and swore allegiance to Władysław IV Vasa on the conditions specified earlier by a Russian voyevoda and statesman Mikhail Glebovich Saltykov during his negotiations with Sigismund III Vasa (those conditions were as follows: 1) release of all Russian prisoners, 2) in case Władysław takes control over Smolensk, Sigismund must abandon the city without causing any destruction or violence, 3) there will be no Catholicism in Russia). Valuyev, Yeletsky and their men joined the Polish army and headed towards Moscow, asking the Muscovites in a written message to swear allegiance to the new Russian tsar Władysław. As the ensuing developments illustrated, the Poles had no intention to fulfill these conditions.

After the enthronement of Mikhail Romanov in the summer of 1613, Grigory Valuyev showed himself as his zealous servant. In 1614, he was ordered to remain in Moscow to defend the city against a possible attack by the Nogai Horde. In 1615, Valuyev served as voyevoda in Vologda and was sent back to Moscow that same year. In 1617, he and a boyar named Boris Lykov-Obolensky were dispatched to Mozhaysk to defend the city against Władysław’s army. In 1618, Valuyev participated in the defense of Moscow against Władysław’s army. In 1619-1620, he was a voyevoda in Yelets. In 1621, Valuyev was sent as a second voyevoda to Vyazma to join Prince Alexei Sitsky. In 1623, he was dispatched to Astrakhan to serve together with Prince Ivan Fyodorovich Khovansky. Grigory Valuyev was married to a certain Ulyana Stepanovna, from whom he had the only son named Ivan.

References

17th-century deaths
People from the Tsardom of Russia
Year of birth unknown


James E. Faulconer is an American philosopher, a former Richard L. Evans Professor of Philosophy at Brigham Young University, the former director of BYU's London Centre, a Fellow at the Wheatley Institution (and its former associate director), and a senior research fellow at the Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship. He previously served as the dean of undergraduate education and the chair of the Philosophy Department at BYU.

Biography
Faulconer was born 27 September 1947 in Warrensburg, MO, USA, his family being from the nearby small towns of Knob Noster and Lamont. His father spent his career in the U.S. Army, so Faulconer lived for substantial periods of his life in Germany, Korea, and several U.S. states. He graduated from high school in Korea and later lived in Korea as a missionary for two and one-half years (March 1967- September 1969).

Faulconer met and married Janice Kay Allen in 1971. They have four children (Christian, Matthew, Rebecca, and Elisabeth) and thirteen grandchildren.

Faulconer received his B.A. in English from BYU.  He then received master's and Ph.D. degrees in philosophy from Pennsylvania State University. His area of interest in philosophy is contemporary European philosophy, particularly the work of Martin Heidegger and late 20th- and early 21st-century French thinkers, particularly as that work bears on religious experience.  Faulconer was the founding editor of Epoché: A Journal for the History of Philosophy. He was a visiting professor at the Higher Institute for Philosophy, Catholic University of Leuven (1995–96) and a visiting researcher in the library of the École Normale Supérieur (2000–2001).

Faulconer is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.  He is also a member of the United States Democratic Party, where he has served as a district chairperson.

Bibliography

Author
 Introduction to Logic, with Dennis J. Packard. D. Van Nostrand, 1980. 417 pages.
 Tools for Scripture Study. Provo, Utah: FARMS, 1999. 156 pages.
 Romans 1: Notes and Reflections. Provo, Utah: FARMS, 1999. 142 pages.
 Faith, Philosophy, Scripture. Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, 2010. 254 pages.
 The Life of Holiness: Notes and Reflections on Romans 1, 5-8. Provo, UT: Maxwell Institute, 2012. 497 pages.
 The Doctrine and Covenants Made Harder: Study Questions. Salem, OR: Salt Press, 2013. 285 pages.
 The Old Testament Made Harder: Study Questions. Provo, UT: Maxwell Institute, 2015. 640 pages.
 The Book of Mormon Made Harder: Study Questions. Provo, UT: Maxwell Institute, 2014. 382 pages.
 The New Testament Made Harder: Study Questions. Provo, UT: Maxwell Institute, 2015. 518 pages.
 Mosiah: a short theological introduction. Provo, UT: Maxwell Institute, 2020. 136 pages.
 Thinking Otherwise: Theological Explorations of Joseph Smith's Revelations. Provo, UT: Maxwell Institute, 2020. 175 pages.

Editor
 Reconsidering Psychology: Perspectives from Contemporary Continental Philosophy. Ed. with R. N. Williams. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press. 1990. 262 pages.
 Appropriating Heidegger. Ed. with Mark W. Wrathall. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 214 pages
 Transcendence in Religion and Philosophy. Editor. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2003. 151 pages.
 Common Ground -- Different Opinions: Latter-day Saints and Contemporary Issues. Ed. with Justin White. Salt Lake City, UT: Kofford. 2013, 379 pages.
 Perspectives on Mormon Theology: Scriptural Theology. Ed. with Joseph M. Spencer. Salt Lake City, UT: Kofford. 2015, 211 pages.

Sources
Amazon.com listing
Maxwell Institute bio

Latter Day Saints from Pennsylvania
21st-century American philosophers
20th-century American philosophers
Brigham Young University alumni
Brigham Young University faculty
Living people
Mormon studies scholars
Pennsylvania State University alumni
Utah Democrats
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Year of birth missing (living people)
Latter Day Saint philosophers


Ero e Leandro, also known after its first line as Qual ti reveggio, oh Dio (HWV 150), is a 1707 Italian-language cantata by George Frideric Handel, composed during his stay in Rome to a libretto believed to be written by Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni. It is a reworking of the Greek myth of Hero and Leander, with the soprano soloist taking the role of Hero. In it, Hero finds her love, Leander, drowned,  tears out her hair, thus symbolically rejecting the beauty which had led to Leander's fascination with her (and thus his death), then drowns herself. It is composed for a soprano solo (with no other singers), and a small orchestra consisting of two oboes, and two string sections:  a concertino of solo violin and violoncello, and a concerto grosso made up of two violins, a viola, and continuo. In Ero e Leandro, Recitatives alternate with arias, as was normal at the period for not only cantatas, but oratorios and operas as well; however, unusually, Ero e Leandro ends with a recitative, instead of an aria.

Ero e Leandro comes from a period very early in Handel's career, when  Handel, having travelled to Italy in 1706, was replacing his former Germanic style of composition with the Italian style that he would use for the rest of his life. Music from it would be reused by Handel in his later compositions: Themes taken from this opera appear in both Handel's Recorder Sonata Opus 1, No 2 and in his Utrecht Te Deum for the setting of "Vouchsafe, O Lord".  In Agrippina, Agrippina's aria "Non ho che cor amarti" was taken, almost entirely unadapted, from  "Se la morte non vorrà".

It is the only of Handel's cantatas known, to reasonable certainty, to have been written under the patronage of Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni, an important patron of the arts in Italy for whom Handel is known to have written many cantatas, but, outside of Ero e Leandro, it's somewhat uncertain which these are.

Ero e Leandro was first published in 1999 as part of Hallische Händel-Ausgabe's attempt to create a complete edition of all of Handel's works. It appears in  Georg Friedrich Händel. Kantaten mit Instrumenten, III: HWV 150, 165, 166, 170, 171, 173.

Music
Qual ti reveggio, oh Dio (Recitative)
Empio mare (Aria)
Amor, che ascoso (Recitative)
Se la morte non vorrà (Aria)
Questi dalla mia fronte (Recitative)
Si muora (Aria)
Ecco, gelide labbra (Recitative)

References

1708 cantatas
Cantatas by George Frideric Handel


The 2008–09 season of Hertha BSC began on 17 July 2008 with a UEFA Cup first round qualifying march against Nistru Otaci from Moldova and ended on 23 May 2009, the last matchday of the Bundesliga, with a match against Karlsruher SC. Hertha were eliminated in the second round of the DFB Pokal, and the group phase the UEFA Cup. They finished fourth in the Bundesliga, qualifying for the UEFA Europa League.

Players

First-team squad
Squad at end of season

Transfers

Summer

In:

Out:

Winter

In:

Out:

Statistics

Goalscorers

International appearances

Results

UEFA Cup

First qualifying round

Second qualifying round

First round

Group stage

DFB-Pokal

Bundesliga

References

Notes

Hertha BSC seasons
Hertha BSC


St. George—St. David was a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada that existed between 1987 and 1999 that returned Members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs) to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario at Queen's Park.

The riding was created before the 1987 election when the former electoral districts of St. George and St. David were merged.

It was named after St. George's and St. David's wards, which had been historical names for two wards in the City of Toronto.

The riding was abolished for the 1999 provincial election.

Members of Provincial Parliament

Election results

References

Notes

Citations

Former provincial electoral districts of Ontario
Provincial electoral districts of Toronto


Ruperto is a masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:

José Ruperto Monagas (1831–1880), elected President of Venezuela 1869–1870
Ruperto Alaura, Cebuano writer
Ruperto Biete (1906–1929), Spanish boxer
Ruperto Chapí (1851–1909), Spanish composer, and co-founder of the Sociedad General de Autores
Ruperto Herrera Tabio (born 1949), former basketball player from Cuba
Ruperto Kangleon, Filipino military figure and politician

See also
353 Ruperto-Carola, small Main belt asteroid
Rupert (disambiguation)

Masculine given names


The 650-foot (200 m) Dale Creek Crossing, completed in 1868  in the southeastern Wyoming Territory, presented engineers of the United States' first transcontinental railroad one of their most difficult challenges. Dale Creek Bridge, the longest bridge on the Union Pacific Railroad (UP), reached 150 feet (46 m) above Dale Creek, two miles (3.2 km) west of Sherman, Wyoming.
The first Dale Creek Bridge was a wooden structure 720 feet in length.
The eastern approach to the bridge site, near the highest elevation on the UP, 8,247 feet (2,514 m) above sea level, required cutting through granite for nearly a mile. Solid rock also confronted workers on the west side of the bridge where they made a cut one mile (1.6 km) in length.

Originally built of wood, the trestle swayed in the wind as the first train crossed on April 23, 1868. In the days following, as carpenters rushed to shore up the bridge, two fell to their deaths. Still, the bridge's timbers flexed under the strain of passing trains.

The original bridge was replaced on the 1868 piers in 1876 by an iron bridge, manufactured by the American Bridge Company. The wooden approaches at each end remained in place when the iron bridge was built. The western approach caught fire in 1884, and was repaired. The UP installed girder spans and granite abutments to strengthen the bridge in 1885. Engineers installed guy wires on both the wooden bridge and its iron replacement in an attempt to stabilize the structures.

The replacement iron "spider web" bridge, in turn, was dismantled in 1901, when the Union Pacific completed construction of a new alignment over Sherman Hill as part of a major reconstruction and improvement project, shortening the Overland Route by .

References

External links

Dale Creek Crossing at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Railroad bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
Buildings and structures in Albany County, Wyoming
Bridges completed in 1868
Transportation in Albany County, Wyoming
Railroad bridges in Wyoming
Union Pacific Railroad bridges
National Register of Historic Places in Albany County, Wyoming
Trestle bridges in the United States
Wooden bridges in the United States
Iron bridges in the United States


Jean-Pierre, Baron Hansen (born 25 April 1948, in Athus, Belgium) is a Belgian corporate executive. He served as vice-chairman of the executive committee and senior executive vice-president of GDF-Suez, in charge of operations.

Career
Jean-Pierre Hansen holds a master's degree in electrical engineering (University of Liège), a degree in economics (Panthéon-Assas University) and a PhD in engineering (Paris VI). He entered the electricity and gas sector in 1975.

He was CEO of Electrabel from 1992 to March 1999.  Since January 2005, he has been vice-chairman and again CEO of Electrabel. Since March 1999, he has also held the position of chairman of the executive committee of Electrabel. He is also CEO of Suez-Tractebel, chairman of Fabricom and director of Distrigas, Fluxys, AGBAR (Spain) and ACEA (Italy), vice-chairman of the Federation of Enterprises in Belgium (FEB) and associate professor of economics at the Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and at the Ecole Polytechnique (Paris). He is also member of the board of directors of ArcelorMittal.

In 2008, Jean-Pierre Hansen and Patrick Ouart (now personal advisor for justice to French President Nicolas Sarkozy) have been recognized guilty by a Belgian court of "hacking". In February 2004, they tried to spy the telecommunications installation of an employee of Electrabel. The affair had then been called by the Belgian press the "Electragate" affair.

References

External links
 Jean-Pierre Hansen at ArcelorMittal
 Jean-Pierre Hansen at GDF Suez
 Jean-Pierre Hansen at AGBAR
 Jean-Pierre Hansen at Fluxys

1948 births
Living people
University of Liège alumni
Engie


The Battle of Kautla (, Kautla veresaun or Kautla veretöö) was a battle between Soviet destruction battalions and Estonian Forest Brothers in Kautla, Estonia in July 1941. It included series of murders of civilians committed by destruction battalions, known as Kautla massacre.

On 24 July 1941, an extermination battalion murdered Gustav and Rosalie Viljamaa of Simisalu farm and set the farm on fire. In the coming days, the extermination battalion undertook the systematic murder of all civilians in the region and burning their farms. The Kautla farm was burned down by the Red Army with the family and staff inside, thus constituting a murder of Johannes Lindemann, Oskar Mallene, Ida Hallorava, Arnold Kivipõld, Alfred Kukk and Johannes Ummus. In total, more than twenty people, all civilians, were murdered — many of them after torture — and tens of farms destroyed. The low toll of human deaths in comparison with the number of burned farms is due to the Erna long-range reconnaissance group breaking the Red Army blockade on the area, allowing many civilians to escape.

See also

 Soviet war crimes

 Bucha massacre (2022)

References

Soviet World War II crimes
1941 in Estonia
1941 in the Soviet Union
Massacres in Estonia
Massacres in the Soviet Union
NKVD
Massacres committed by the Soviet Union
Mass murder in 1941
July 1941 events
Russian war crimes in Estonia


Cardiospermum is a genus of approximately 14 species in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, which are native to the American, Indian, and African tropics. The genus name is derived from the Greek words καρδία, meaning "heart," and σπέρμα, meaning "seed." Common names of the members of this genus include balloon vine, love in a puff, heartseed, and heartseed vine. These plants are classified as invasive species in parts of the Southern United States and South Africa.

Uses
The genus Cardiospermum consists primarily of herbaceous vines, which are cultivated in warm regions as ornamental plants. Extractions of Cardiospermum seed are included in skin creams that claim to treat eczema and other skin conditions.

Species
Species include:
Cardiospermum corindum
Cardiospermum dissectum
Cardiospermum grandiflorum
Cardiospermum halicacabum

References

External links
Cardiospermum grandiflorum at Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
New active discovered in Cardiospermum extract could be more effective than steroids

Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae genera


Hagler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

People with surname or given name
Lyle Hagler Boren (1909–1992), American politician
Collins Hagler (born 1935), Canadian football player
Ellis Hagler (1908–1990), American football player and coach
King Hagler (c. 1700 – 1763), leader of the Catawba Indian Nation
Louise Hagler, author of The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook
Marvin Hagler (1954–2021), American boxer
Sherry Hagler, keyboardist for Birtha
Steve Hagler, guitarist for Starcastle
Tyjuan Hagler (born 1981), American football linebacker

Places
Hagler, Ohio
Hagler-Cole Cabin
Hagler Field, previous name for Pensacola International Airport
William Hagler House

Other
Freddie Norwood (born 1970), boxer known as "Lil Hagler"
Waldman-Hagler rules, a combining rule


The Iowa State Cyclones wrestling team represents Iowa State University (ISU) and competes in the Big 12 Conference of NCAA Division I. The Cyclones are 8 time National Champions, 17 time National Runners-Up, and have 45 Top 4 "Trophy" Finishes. The team is coached by Kevin Dresser.  The Cyclones host their home meets at Hilton Coliseum on Iowa State's campus. Iowa State became the second collegiate wrestling program to reach 1,100 dual wins on January 23, 2022.

Coaches

Charles Mayser (1916–1923)

Charles Mayser was the founding father of Iowa State wrestling. In addition to his wrestling coaching duties, “Uncle Charlie” performed coaching duties in baseball and football, as well as being the athletic director. Mayser joined the athletic staff in 1916, the initial season of Cyclone wrestling. He coached for eight years and was responsible for five undefeated teams during his tenure. Despite lack of equipment and facilities, Mayser's squads dominated the Midwestern wrestling scene. His teams suffered only two defeats in his last six years and his last two squads were named unofficial national champions by Amateur Wrestling News. Mayser left Iowa State in 1923 to head the Franklin & Marshall College athletic department.

During his eight years at Iowa State, Mayser went 35–4 during including one conference championship.

Hugo Otopalik (1924–1953)

Hugo Otopalik took over head coaching duties after serving as an assistant on Charles Mayser's staff for four years. In his 28 years as head coach, Otopalik's teams claimed seven conference championships and one NCAA title. He ended his illustrious career with a 159-66-5 mark and eight NCAA individual champions. Besides having a huge impact on Iowa State athletics, Otopalik also made his mark on the international scene. In 1932, Otopalik served as head coach of the U.S. Olympic squad, which captured the team title at the Los Angeles Games. He also headed the National AAU Wrestling Committee for five years.

During his 29 years at Iowa State, Otopalik went 159-65-6 including four conference championships and one NCAA championship.

Dr. Harold Nichols (1954–1985)

When you talk Iowa State wrestling history, Harold Nichols looms large. From 1965 to 1973, Nichols’ squads were the most dominant in wrestling, compiling five NCAA titles and three runner-up finishes. Nichols was named the successor to Hugo Otopalik in 1954 after serving as head coach at Arkansas State for five years. His ISU teams racked up six NCAA titles, seven Big Eight titles and produced 38 NCAA individual champions and 91 Big Eight titlists. His career record at Iowa State is an untouchable 456-75-11. Nichols was named coach of the year three times and was tabbed Wrestling Man of the Year by Amateur Wrestling News in 1966. He is a member of the Helms Foundation Wrestling Hall of Fame, Iowa Wrestling Hall of Fame, National Wrestling Hall of Fame and served as vice-chairman of the United States Olympic Wrestling Committee. Nichols retired from coaching in 1985.

During his 31 years at Iowa State, Dr. Nichols went 456-75-11 including seven conference championships and six NCAA championships.

Jim Gibbons (1985–1992)

In 1986, Jim Gibbons took over the reins of the Cyclone wrestling squad at age 26. Gibbons wrestled at ISU for Dr. Harold Nichols and earned All-America status three times, including the 1981 NCAA individual title at 134 pounds. Following his collegiate career, Gibbons served as an assistant coach at his alma mater for two years before taking over the head coaching duties. During his seven years as the Cyclone skipper, Gibbons’ squads claimed one Big Eight crown and captured the NCAA title in 1987. He also coached seven individual NCAA champions while compiling a 96-32-1 career coaching mark. After winning the NCAA Championships in 1987, Gibbons was named national coach of the year. He was named Big Eight Coach of the year in 1991. Gibbons retired from coaching after the 1992 season.

During his seven years at Iowa State, Gibbons went 96-32-1 including one conference championship and one NCAA championship.

Bobby Douglas (1992–2006)

A wrestling legend in his own right, Bobby Douglas was an NCAA runner-up at Oklahoma State and part of two Olympic teams as a competitor, finishing fourth at featherweight in the 1964 Tokyo Games. He was captain of the 1968 U.S. Olympic team in Mexico. Douglas coached the 1992 U.S. Olympic team whose 10 members placed among the top 10 in their respective weight classes, a U.S. Olympic first. He was a member of the U.S. Olympic coaching staff in 1976, 1980, 1984, and 1988. Douglas, a member of the National Wrestling Hall of Fame, was also on the 1996 and 2004 U.S. Olympic coaching staffs. Douglas began his collegiate coaching career at Cal-Santa Barbara before coaching three national champions and 58 All-Americans from 1975 to 1992 at Arizona State. His 1988 Sun Devil squad won the NCAA team title in Ames. He furthered his legacy at Iowa State, winning 198 dual matches. Douglas coached Cyclone wrestlers to 10 individual NCAA titles and 52 All-America performances. He is one of four collegiate coaches to win at least 400 duals matches.

During his 14 years at Iowa State, Douglas went 198-75-3.

Cael Sanderson (2006–2009)

Cael Sanderson, arguably the greatest collegiate wrestler of all time, took the reins of the Iowa State wrestling team at the start of the 2006–07 season. Sanderson led the Cyclone grapplers to an NCAA runner-up finish in his first year at the helm and guided the Iowa State squad to three consecutive Big 12 Conference championships. ISU didn't finish outside of the top five at the NCAA Championships under Sanderson's direction. After posting an undefeated record of 159–0 as a collegiate wrestler for ISU, Sanderson won an Olympic gold medal at the 2004 Summer Games in Athens, Greece. The former four-time NCAA champion brought aboard the top recruiting class in 2005, ranked by both Intermat and Amateur Wrestling News. Sanderson's 2007–08 squad garnered seven All-Americans at the NCAA Championships in St. Louis, which was Iowa State's largest All-American count since seven earned honors in the 1992–93 season. In total, Cyclone wrestlers notched 15 All-America honors in his tenure.  Cael Sanderson accepted the head coaching position at Penn State in April 2009.

During his three years at Iowa State, Sanderson went 44–10 including three conference championships.

Kevin Jackson (2009–2017)

Kevin Jackson was introduced as Iowa State's head wrestling coach on April 30, 2009. As a college wrestler, he attended LSU and earned All-America honors three times before the school dropped the sport. He transferred to ISU for his senior year and captained the Cyclones’ last NCAA championship team (1987), earning another All-America award with an NCAA runner-up finish and registering a 30-3-1 record. In 1992, Jackson won a gold medal at the Barcelona Olympic Games.  Since 1992, Jackson has coached for team USA at three summer Olympics including being the head coach for the Beijing Olympics in 2008. Jackson's last season for the Cyclones was a struggle, with a 1-12 dual meet record and scoring only one team point in the NCAA tournament.

Kevin Dresser (2017–present)

Dresser was announced as the new head coach on February 20, 2017.

Championships

Team championships

Individual NCAA championships

Individual Conference championships

Record

Olympians

Award winners

Hall of Fame

 National Wrestling Hall of Fame Distinguished Members

Hugo Otopalik (1976)
Charles Mayser (1977)
Glen Brand (1978)
Dr. Harold Nichols (1978)
Dan Gable (1980)
Ben Peterson (1986)
Bobby Douglas (1987)
Dick Barker (1991)
Nate Carr (2003)
Kevin Jackson (2003)
Les Anderson (2004)
Larry Hayes (2004)
Cael Sanderson (2011)
Chris Taylor (2012)
Jake Varner (2022)

 FILA Hall of Fame

Kevin Jackson (2005)

Individual

Dan Hodge Trophy
Cael Sanderson (2000)
Cael Sanderson (2001)
Cael Sanderson (2002)

NCAA Outstanding Wrestler Award

Ron Gray (1959)
Dan Gable (1969)
Tim Krieger (1989)
Cael Sanderson (1999)
Cael Sanderson (2000)
Cael Sanderson (2001)
Cael Sanderson (2002)

NCAA Gorriaran Award

Tom Peckham (1966)
Dan Gable (1969)
Dan Gable (1970)
Chris Taylor (1973)
Johnnie Jones (1977)
Darryl Peterson (1985)
Eric Voelker (1988)
Matt Johnson (1991)

Big Eight Male Athlete of the Year

Tim Krieger (1989)
Chris Taylor (1973)

Big 12 Male Athlete of the Year

Cael Sanderson (2002)

Big 12 Scholar Athlete of the Year

Kyven Gadson (2015)

Coaching

NWCA Coach of the Year

Dr. Harold Nichols (1958)
Dr. Harold Nichols (1965)
Dr. Harold Nichols (1972)
Jim Gibbons (1987)
Bobby Douglas (2000)
Cael Sanderson (2007)
Kevin Dresser (2019)

Big Eight Coach of the Year

Jim Gibbons (1989)
Jim Gibbons (1991)

Big 12 Coach of the Year

Bobby Douglas (1999)
Bobby Douglas (2000)
Cael Sanderson (2007)
Kevin Dresser (2019)

Notable Iowa State Cyclone wrestlers

 Carl Adams – two-time NCAA Champion and three-time All-American
 Glen Brand – Olympic gold medalist at 1948 Summer Olympics, NCAA Champion, two-time NCAA finalist and three-time All-American
 Bob Buzzard – Olympian at 1972 Summer Olympics in Greco-Roman wrestling, two-time NCAA All-American
 David Carr – Junior World Champion in freestyle wrestling, NCAA Champion and two-time All-American
 Nate Carr – Olympic bronze medalist at 1988 Summer Olympics in freestyle wrestling, three-time NCAA Champion
 Pat Downey – former member of Team USA Freestyle World Team in 2019, NCAA All-American at ISU
 Dan Gable – Olympic gold medalist at 1972 Summer Olympics in freestyle wrestling, World Champion in 1971, two-time NCAA Champion and three-time finalist, led Iowa Hawkeyes to 15 NCAA Team Championships as head coach
 Kyven Gadson – NCAA Champion and three-time All-American
 Kevin Jackson – Olympic gold medalist at 1992 Summer Olympics in freestyle wrestling, two-time World Champion, NCAA finalist at ISU
 Travis Paulson – former member of Team USA Freestyle World Team in 2010, three-time NCAA All-American
 Tom Peckham – Olympian in freestyle wrestling at 1968 Summer Olympics, two-time NCAA Champion and three-time All-American
 Ben Peterson – Olympic gold medalist at 1972 Summer Olympics in freestyle wrestling, silver medalist at 1976 Summer Olympics, two-time NCAA Champion
 Cael Sanderson – Olympic gold medalist at 2004 Summer Olympics in freestyle wrestling, World silver medalist in 2003, four-time undefeated NCAA Champion, only wrestler in NCAA Division I history to go undefeated with more than 100 wins (159–0)
 Chris Taylor – Olympic bronze medalist at 1972 Summer Olympics in freestyle wrestling, two-time NCAA Champion
 Mike van Arsdale – former MMA fighter, NCAA Champion and three-time All-American
 Jake Varner – Olympic gold medalist at 2012 Summer Olympics, World bronze medalist in 2011, two-time NCAA Champion and four-time finalist
 David Zabriskie – NCAA Champion and three-time All-American

See also
Iowa State Cyclones
National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
Glen Brand Wrestling Hall of Fame of Iowa

References

1916 establishments in Iowa
Sports clubs and teams established in 1916


Count Rudolph (or Rudolf) of Ponthieu (died 866) was a son of Welf (also Hwelf or Welf I) by Hedwig of Bavaria, and thus a brother of Judith of Bavaria, wife of Emperor Louis the Pious. Through Judith's influence, her brother Rudolph acquired and became Lay Abbot of the Abbeys of Saint Riquier and Jumieges.

In April 830, Frankish nobility revolted against Emperor Louis in order to "liberate" him from the influence of his wife Judith. Louis was placed under house arrest, whilst Judith and her brothers Rudolph and Conrad I, Count of Auxerre, were imprisoned in Aquitanian monasteries. The two brothers were later freed when their nephew Charles the Bald assumed the throne.

Marriage and children
Rudolph was married to Hruodun (died 867), who bore him:
 Conrad, Count of Paris and Sens (died 882)
 Welf, Abbot of Sainte-Colombe-de-Sens
 Hugh
 Rudolf, Duke of Rhaetia

References
The Carolingians, A family who forged Europe by Pierre Riche (translated by Michael Idomir Allen), University of Philadelphia Press, 1993
I Conti de' Marsi e la loro discendenze fino alla fondazione dell'Aquila by Cesare Rivera, Teramo, 1915

866 deaths
Carolingian dynasty
9th-century people from East Francia
Year of birth unknown


The UIC type X, Y and Z coaches are passenger coaches for international railway services that have been standardised in certain respects by the International Union of Railways (Union internationale des chemins de fer or UIC).

In 1961, types X and Y were defined in UIC Leaflet 567, the type Z followed subsequently. This standardisation was intended to give rail passengers on international services a standard level of comfort; in addition it was intended to simplify the maintenance of coaches when abroad. One of the standards introduced was the use of rubber corridor connectors on gangways instead of bellows.

UIC type X

The UIC type X was based on the express coaches developed after the Second World War by the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB). These coaches were  long and had doors at each end as well as compartments opening off a corridor as follows:
 Twelve compartments each with six seats in second class
 Ten compartments each with six seats in first class
Composite coaches usually had six second class compartments and five first class compartments
Type X coaches went into service in many countries, the largest numbers being deployed by the DB and the Italian state railways.

UIC type Y

The UIC type Y was based on French proposals for an international express coach (Schnellzugwagen). Important differences from the type X were its shorter length and greater number of seats in second class compartments. The coaches were  long, the doors were also at the ends and a corridor coach configuration was standard:
 Ten compartments of eight seats in second class
 Nine compartments of six seats in first class
The French state railway, SNCF, had composite coaches, sleepers, dining cars and coaches with a luggage section built as part of the same series.

The Danish national railway, the DSB, operated three main types of coaches based on the type Y, the first class A (a total of 25 coaches), second class B (291 coaches) and the mixed class AB (20 coaches), from 1966 till they were replaced by modern train sets. Later also sleeper coaches almost identical was added, and for the regional traffic the classes BN and A, and later also coaches with a control cabin. There were two primary reasons for choosing the type Y, the first being that according to international standards it could be slightly wider and therefore more comfortable, the other equally important that this length provided for optimal usage of the available track length of the Great Belt ferries.

UIC type Z

With the development of Eurofima coaches a new level of comfort was achieved; the number of compartments was reduced whilst keeping to the same overall length, the coaches were also air-conditioned. These coaches were designated from 1976 as type Z. But because various railways still did not want to procure air-conditioned coaches or wanted to reduce the number of compartments compared with the type X (the SBB on all its acquisitions since 1969), the class was eventually divided into Z1 and Z2:
 Z1 = air-conditioned coaches with a reduced number of compartments
 Z2 = non air-conditioned coach with a reduced number of compartments
namely:
 Eleven compartments of six seats in second class
 Nine compartments of six seats in first class
Composite coaches usually had six second class compartments and four first class compartments.

On the Eurofima coach the gangway was changed from the folding doors characteristic of type X and Y to pneumatically operated swinging-sliding doors.

See also
 Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer
 UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements
 UIC classification of railway coaches
 UIC classification of goods wagons
 UIC country codes

Sources
 Alain Rambaud, Jean-Marc Dupuy: Encyclopédie des voitures SNCF. La vie du rail, Paris 1990.

Passenger railroad cars
Passenger coach types


Chulo may refer to:

Majo, the male version of Maja in traditional Madrid
Tsulosan or Chu-lô-san, former name of Chiayi, Taiwan
"Chulo" (song), by Bad Gyal


"La voix" (; "The voice") is a song by Swedish singer Malena Ernman, which served as the  entry at the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest, held in Moscow, Russia. It was composed by Fredrik Kempe, with lyrics by both Kempe and Ernman. It is the first Swedish entry to contain lyrics in French, as well as being the last Swedish entry to have contained lyrics in a language other than English. Despite the fact that 's Patricia Kaas would get a relatively good placing in the final, Ernman drew further attention to Francophone culture in the semi-final, as well in the grand final (by classing 3rd in the OGAE Second Chance round), despite her ultimate placing (21st).

The song was the winner of Melodifestivalen 2009 on 14 March 2009, earning the right to compete for Sweden in the first semi-final of Eurovision 2009 on 12 May 2009. The song qualified for the final round where it finished 21st place with 33 points, making it Sweden's second lowest placing in the contest since 1992's "I morgon är en annan dag" (22nd), and also the second time the country failed to place within the Top 20.

In 2010, the song was covered by Russian pop singer Philipp Kirkorov and opera singer Anna Netrebko with Kirkorov singing verses and Netrebko singing chorus. They recorded two versions of the song, one with original French and English lyrics and other sang exclusively in Russian.

The song has also been used as the backing track for the musical documentary Spaceplane Sailing. The short film covers the 33-mission career of the Space Shuttle Atlantis and was premiered on YouTube in February 2013.

Melodifestivalen and Eurovision

"La voix" participated in the fourth heat of the 2009 Melodifestivalen which was held on 28 February 2009 at the Malmö Arena in Malmö. The song was the last of the eight competing entries to perform and directly qualified to the contest final as one of the two songs song which received the most telephone votes. On 14 March, during the final held at the Globe Arena in Stockholm, Ernman were the last of the eleven competing acts to perform, and "La voix" won the contest with 182 points, receiving the highest number of votes from the viewing public via telephone voting despite placing only eighth with the regional and international juries.

Sweden participated in the first semi-final of the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest in Moscow, Russia on 12 May 2009. Ernman was the fifth competing artist to perform and Sweden were subsequently announced at the end of the broadcast as one of the ten countries to have qualified for the final. Ernman performed again in the final on 16 May, with Sweden drawn to perform as the fourth country on stage, and subsequently finished in twenty-first place with a total of 33 points. The full breakdown of results published after the final revealed that in the first semi-final Sweden had finished in fourth place with 105 points.

Chart performance
The song debuted on the Swedish Singles Chart on the week of 13 March 2009 at number 31, before climbing to number 10 the following week and then number four in its third.

On 26 April 2009, "La voix" went straight to number one on the Svensktoppen radio chart.

In May 2009, the single entered at 29 in the Belgium Ultratip, moved up to 27 in its second week and then fell off the chart.

Track listing
 CD: (Sweden)
"La voix" (radio edit)
"La voix" (karaoke)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2009 singles
Eurovision songs of 2009
Melodifestivalen songs of 2009
Eurovision songs of Sweden
Songs written by Fredrik Kempe
Malena Ernman songs
2008 songs


The Communauté de communes CAPAVENIR is a French former administrative association of communes in the Vosges département of eastern France and in the region of Lorraine. It was created in December 2004 and had its administrative offices at Thaon-les-Vosges. It was merged into the new Communauté d'agglomération d'Épinal in January 2013.

The name
Most French commune groupings of this type are named after the region in which they are located or after the largest town (usually also the administrative centre) in the territory.   Capavenir is, however, an aspirational (and almost untranslatable) descriptive name evoking the future ("l'avenir") as a destination. The name is sometimes written in upper case letters as CAPAVENIR.

Composition
The Communauté de communes comprised the following communes:

 Chavelot
 Frizon
 Gigney
 Girmont
 Mazeley
 Nomexy
 Oncourt
 Thaon-les-Vosges

References

Capavenir


John Henry Hollison (May 3, 1870 in Chicago – August 19, 1969 in Chicago) was a professional baseball player who was a pitcher in the major leagues in 1892. He played in one game for the Chicago Colts. At the time of his death, he was the oldest living former major league player.

External links

1870 births
1969 deaths
19th-century baseball players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Chicago Colts players
Chicago Whitings players
Baseball players from Chicago


Meece may refer to:

People

David Meece (born 1952), contemporary Christian musician
John William Meece (1843–1924), American politician, member of the Mississippi legislature
Lauren Meece (born 1983), American judoka
Roger A. Meece (born 1949), American diplomat

Other
Cold Meece, village near Swynnerton, Staffordshire, UK
Cold Meece railway station, railway station serving the Royal Ordnance Factory at Swynnerton during WWII
Mill Meece Pumping Station, pumping station in the village of Millmeece, Staffordshire, England
Warden Cyrus Meece, fictional character from the animated series SWAT Kats

See also
 Meese (disambiguation)


On the Outside is the second studio album by the Denton, Texas punk rock band The Marked Men, released May 18, 2004 by Dirtnap Records.

Track listing
All songs written by The Marked Men
"On the Outside" – 2:22
"Don't Lose It" – 1:21
"Gone Away" – 2:07
"Broken Record" – 1:57
"No Time" – 2:04
"So What" – 1:17
"Right Here with You" – 2:54
"Doctor Dan" – 1:42
"Set You Right" – 2:04
"Still Waiting" – 2:47
"Cool Devices" – 1:26
"4,000 Times" – 2:25
"Master Wicked" – 3:30

Personnel
Jeff Burke – guitar, lead vocals
Mark Ryan – guitar, lead vocals
Joe Ayoub – bass guitar, backing vocals
Mike Throneberry – drum kit

References

2004 albums
The Marked Men albums


IP-DECT is a technology used for on-site wireless communications. It uses the DECT air interface for reliable wireless voice and data communication between handsets and base stations and the well established VoIP technology for the corded voice communication between base stations and server functions.

The advantage is the circuit switched approach and therefore better specified quality of service for vocal communication than with Wireless LAN.

A DECT phone must remain in proximity to its own base (or repeaters thereof), and WLAN devices have a better range given sufficient access points, however voice over WLAN handsets impose significant design and maintenance complexity for large networks to ensure roaming facilities and high quality-of-service.

There are some of the traditional telephone equipment manufacturers and smaller enterprises that offer IP-DECT systems, both for residential (single-cell base station/access points), as well as for enterprise usage (multi-cell with multiple base stations/access points, and/or seamless handoff between cells) where it is important to cover large areas with a maintained speech path.

Companies
For enterprise use the following vendors produce IP-DECT systems:
 Aastra (DeTeWe)
 Ascom (company)
 Gigaset
 Mitel
 NEC
 Panasonic
Spectralink 7000 series (Polycom, Kirk)
 Alcatel-Lucent
 Ericsson-LG

See also
CAT-iq
 Voice over WLAN

References

Wireless networking
VoIP hardware
VoIP software