Stephen Biesty (born 27 January 1961) is a British illustrator. Biesty is considered a master of cross section. He frequently collaborates with Richard Platt, who writes the text for the majority of his books, which have covered a wide range of informative cross sections aimed at adults and children, all published by Dorling Kindersley.

Early life and education
Stephen Biesty was born in Coventry and grew up in Leicestershire.

In 1979 he joined Loughborough College of Art and Design where he did an arts foundation course. In 1980 he moved to Brighton Polytechnic to gain a BA Hons in Graphic Design specialising in illustration, focusing on historical and architectural drawings. After graduating from Brighton with a first class degree, Biesty went on to gain an MA in Graphic Design at the City of Birmingham Polytechnic, working further in historical reconstruction.

Career
Biesty's work has found great success, notably his Incredible Cross Sections (1992) is an international bestseller with over one million copies in print worldwide. Other Biesty books written by Platt include Man-of-War (1993), Castle (1994), Incredible Pop-Up Cross-Sections (1995), Incredible Explosions (1996), Incredible Everything (1997), Incredible Body (1998) and Absolutely Best Cross-Sections Book Ever (1999). Since 1999 he has also illustrated the Millennium Dome Pop-up Book (1999), Gold: A Treasure Hunt through Time (Meredith Hooper) (2002), and Rome (Andrew Solway, Stephen Biesty) (2003).  Castle was later made into the educational video game Castle Explorer, as was Man-of-War which was made into Stowaway! A tour of an 18th century Man-of-War. Some have compared Biesty's Incredible Cross Sections to fellow British illustrator Martin Handford's Where's Wally? series; for instance in Man-of-War there is the challenge of spotting the stowaway.

Biesty uses paper, pen, ink and water colour paints. He never uses a ruler, drawing everything freehand.

Biesty describes his work as follows:

There's really no end to the amount of detail you can include. I don't use a computer and I don't think I ever will. I draw with a pencil initially and then I work on top of that with ink, usually a Rotring needle-point pen, but sometimes I use a fine brush which gives the line a little variety, a little texture. Then of course I add colour and atmosphere with watercolour washes.

I always put figures in. As an illustrator you quickly catch on to the fact that nobody's going to look at it if there's no human interest. When you start including figures, you can begin to create a sense of atmosphere. You can show how people relate to a space and you can explore the realities and practicalities of the place, how people lived, how they adapted to their surroundings, how they slept, how they ate.

Personal life
Biesty now lives in Somerset with his wife and son.

Bibliography
1991: Explore the World of Man-made Wonders (Simon Adams)

1992: Exploring the Past: Ancient Egypt (George Hart)

1992: Incredible Cross-Sections (Richard Platt)

1993: Man-of-War (Richard Platt)

1994: Castle (Richard Platt)

1996: Incredible Explosions (Richard Platt)

1998: Incredible Body (Richard Platt)

1999: Absolutely Best Cross-Sections Book Ever (Richard Platt)

1999: Millennium Dome Pop-up Book

2001: The Coolest Cross-Sections Ever! (Richard Platt)

2002: Gold: A Treasure Hunt through Time (Meredith Hooper)

2003: Rome (Andrew Solway)

2005: Egypt (Stewart Ross)

2006: Greece (Stewart Ross)

2008: Ancient World: Egypt, Rome, and Greece

2014: The Story of Buildings, Walker Books.

2014: Castles (Meredith Hooper)

2014: Giant Vehicles (Rod Green)

2014: Into the Unknown: How Great Explorers Found Their Way by Land, Sea, and Air (Stewart Ross)

2015: To the Rescue (Rod Green)

2015: Emergency Vehicles (Rod Green)

2017: Trains (Ian Graham)

2017: Exploring Space: From Galileo to the Mars Rover and Beyond (Martin Jenkins)

2018: Flying Machines (Ian Graham)

References

External links

1961 births
Alumni of Birmingham Institute of Art and Design
British children's book illustrators
Living people


All Saints' Church is the parish church in Wraxall, Somerset, England.  It has been dedicated "to all the Saints".  The building is surrounded by an extensive cemetery.

The present building was raised in the 14th century, with tower, clock and bells being added in later centuries. The church has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building.

Parish registers survive from 1562, and include examples of the baptism of black slaves. There are painted stone figures of Sir Edmond Gorges and his wife in the chancel.  The nearby rectory was built in the 17th century.

The West Tower, is  high, and contains eight bells, three of which date from 1705. The clock face was added in 1730.

The large churchyard contains several monuments to the Gibbs family which owned the nearby Tyntesfield Estate, which has recently been purchased by the National Trust following the death of Baron Wraxall.

History
The southern doorway of the present building was part of a previous building of Norman date.  It appears that portions of the chancel, north aisle and south porch were rebuilt at that time.  The tower, roofs and windows were apparently rebuilt and enlarged in the fifteenth century.  Members of the Gorges family, who were lords of this manor for some 400 years, are buried under the building's floors, although most of their headstones have been moved or destroyed.

In 2006 parish leaders began a project to convert an abandoned school building on the grounds (the Old Georgian School, which opened in 1809) into a new meeting room and parish office, with restrooms, handicapped facilities and a kitchen.  The project was estimated to cost £200,000 and was slated to begin in 2009.

See also
 List of Grade I listed buildings in North Somerset
 List of towers in Somerset
 List of ecclesiastical parishes in the Diocese of Bath and Wells

References

14th-century church buildings in England
Church of England church buildings in North Somerset
Grade I listed churches in Somerset
Grade I listed buildings in North Somerset


Burton House may refer to:

Places

United States
 P. D. Burton House, Lewisville, AR, listed on the NRHP in Arkansas
 Robert Wilton Burton House, Auburn, AL, listed on the NRHP in Alabama
 Burton House (Lavonia, Georgia), listed on the NRHP in Georgia
 The Burton, Indianapolis, Indiana, a building listed on the NRHP in Indianapolis, Indiana
 Burton House (Chestnut Grove, Kentucky), listed on the NRHP in Kentucky
 Ambrose Burton House, Harrodsburg, KY, listed on the NRHP in Kentucky
 David Burton House, Shelbyville, KY, listed on the NRHP in Kentucky
Burton-Conner_House. Cambridge, MA
 Burton, Benjamin, Garrison Site, Cushing, ME, listed on the NRHP in Maine
 Burton-Rosenmeier House, Little Falls, MN, listed on the NRHP in Minnesota
 William H. Burton House, Waterloo, NY, listed on the NRHP in New York
 Burton House (Newberry, South Carolina), listed on the NRHP in South Carolina
 Burton House (Hurley, Wisconsin)

United Kingdom
Burton Court, Eardisland, a wedding and conference venue in north Herefordshire
Burton Court, Linton, a grade II listed house in south Herefordshire
Burton’s Court, a park in Chelsea, London


The Magic: The Gathering national champions are the players who won National Championships (Nationals) that year. (with the exception of champions between 2012 and 2016, which were awarded to players with the most Pro Points at the end of a Pro Tour season)

Nationals took place around the world usually in summer or autumn. Eligibility to play in a national championship was determined on residence instead of nationality. In addition, Nationals required eligible players to qualify. (prior to 2011, countries with smaller populations of Magic players open nationals were held, meaning that any eligible player could compete in this tournament)

After 2011 Nationals were discontinued by Wizards of the Coast when they restructured their Magic: The Gathering organized play program, abandoning national championships, and restructuring the World Championship. From 2012 to 2016 the title of National Champion was awarded to the player with the most Pro Points of any given country at the end of a Pro Tour season. At the end of 2018 Wizards of the Coast announced that in 2019 there would be no National Championships. As of April 2019 it is unclear whether Nationals are on hiatus or abandoned. The title National Champion will not be awarded in 2019.

In 2018, National Champions were determined in 74 nations and regions. In most cases these regions line up with countries, but special exemptions were made in some cases, for example Puerto Rico and the countries of the United Kingdom.

Mode
The current National Championship tournaments were held over one to three days, depending on the number of qualified players. The players are qualified in either of 4 ways: Players who have sufficient Planeswalker Points (threshold differs from nations to nations), being a leveled-player in Pro Players Club, being a member in Hall of Fame, or winning the last-chance qualifier tournament held at the eve of the Nationals (if any).

Nationals are multiformat tournaments, consisting of a Booster Draft portion and Standard portion. Usually, both portions were played over six or seven rounds each with the players being paired Swiss style. After the Swiss part of the tournament, the best eight players advanced to the single-elimination finals. The finalists of the single-elimination rounds will be representing their Nationals in World Magic Cup along with pro point leader in previous Pro Tour season (should pro point leader is also the National's finalist, the top 3 players of the event will become National representatives).

Prior to 2011 running, the best four players qualified for the World Championship with the best three constituting the National team at the World Championship. In countries with open-entry Nationals (which with smaller populations of Magic players), only the national champion qualified for the World Championship. These countries were not represented by a national team at the World Championship.

Winners

Argentina
1997: Pablo Mántaras
1998: Douglas Maioli
1999: Douglas Maioli
2000: Andrés Moro
2001: Diego Ostrovich
2002: Diego Ostrovich
2003: Jose Barbero
2004: Mauro Kina
2005: Victor Villanueva
2006: Leonardo Calcagno
2007: Nicolás Kohan
2008: Adrián Saredo
2009: Alejo Zagalsky
2010: Franco Bonazza
2011: Nicolas De Nicola
2012: Nicolas De Nicola
2013: Andres Monsalve
2014: Demian Tejo
2015: Nicolas de Nicola

Australia
1995: Nathan Russell
1996: Joseph Tan
1997: Rod Ho
1998: Rod Ho
1999: Michael Doecke
2000: Stephen Campbell
2001: Rob Nadebaum
2002: Justin West
2003: Andrew Varga
2004: Tim He
2005: Chris Allen
2006: Tim He
2007: Steve Alpin
2008: Aaron Nicastri
2009: Jamie Mackintosh
2010: Adam Witton
2011: Aaron Nicoll
2012: Jeremy Neeman
2013: Justin Cheung
2014: Justin Cheung
2015: Paul Jackson

Austria
1995: Mu-Luen Wang
1996: Christian Peschta
1997: Christian Gregorich
1998: Christoph Derdak
1999: Philipp Cetl
2000: Helmut Summersberger
2001: Benedikt Klauser
2002: Stephan Genser
2003: Markus Jöbstl
2004: Simon Grünauer
2005: Nikolaus Eigner
2006: Benedikt Klauser
2007: Thomas Preyer
2008: Oliver Polak-Rottmann
2009: Bernhard Lehner
2010: Christian Gawrilowicz
2011: Stefan Heigerer
2012: Thomas Holzinger
2013: Thomas Holzinger
2014: Valentin Mackl
2015: Valentin Mackl
2016: Oliver Polak-Rottmann
2017: Elias Klocker
2018: Marc Mühlböck

Belarus
2005: Kirill Efimov
2006: Dzmitry Fedarovich
2007: Gleb Gobzem
2008: Dimitry Lipay
2009: Dimitry Lipay
2010: Yehor Polschak
2011: Yehor Polschak
2012: Alexander Arabyan
2013: Sergey Telipko
2014: Evgeniy Zakharenkov
2015: Aliaksei Auramionak

Belgium
1995: Bart Van Uffelen
1996: David Van Dijck
1997: Nicolas Fournier
1998: Dominique Coene
1999: Dominique Coene
2000: Vincent Gieling
2001: Sinan Bolca
2002: Jan Doise
2003: Mats Clays
2004: Vincent Lemoine
2005: Gert Coeckelbergh
2006: Mark Dictus
2007: Fried Meulders
2008: Pascal Vieren
2009: Branco Neirynck
2010: Aurélien Dubuisson
2011: Vincent Lemoine
2012: Vincent Lemoine
2013: Vincent Lemoine
2014: Nicolas Vanderhallen
2015: Branco Neirynck
2016: Peter Vieren
2017: Kristof Van Holsbeeck
2018: Mark Dictus
2019: Jérôme Bastogne

Bolivia
2005: Juan Carlos Jaillita Zeballos
2006: Richard Villafranqui
2007: Antón Nava
2008: Rolando Flores
2009: Juan Carlos Vargas Carreras
2010: Alejandro Van Mourik
2011: Pietro Sanjinés Angelaccio
2012: Alejandro Van Mourik
2013: Juan Carlos Vargas Carreras
2014: Carlos Torrico
2015: David Sologuren

Brazil

1995: Fabiano de Castro
1996: Raul Assis
1997: José Ricardo
1998: Romário Brito
1999: Roberto Dantas
2000: Fabiano de Castro
2001: Marcos Tanaka
2002: Victor Galimbertti
2003: Rafael Barros
2004: Osvaldo Barbosa
2005: Pedro Henrique Uehara
2006: Paulo Vitor Damo da Rosa
2007: Lucas Berthoud
2008: Vagner Casatti
2009: Paulo Vitor Damo da Rosa
2010: Eduardo Mendes Lopes
2011: Marcus Camargo
2012: Paulo Vitor Damo da Rosa
2013: Willy Edel
2014: Willy Edel
2015: Paulo Vitor Damo da Rosa

Bulgaria
2005: Martin Nosovich
2006: Hristo Tsekov
2007: Svetlin Varbanov
2008:
2009: Nikolay Bogdev
2010: Ivan Govedarov
2011: Kaloyan Kirilov
2012: Kaloyan Kirilov
2013: Dobrin Paskov
2014: Evgeni Kaymashki
2015: Hristiyan Ivanov

Canada
1995: Eric Tam
1996: Gary Krakower
1997: Gary Krakower
1998: Peter Radonjic
1999: Marc Rajotte
2000: Ryan Fuller
2001: Terry Tsang
2002: Jürgen Hahn
2003: Josh Rider
2004: Jingpeng Zhang
2005: Jason Olynyk
2006: Guillaume Cardin
2007: Andrew Ting-A-Kee
2008: Dan Lanthier
2009: Jasar S. Elarar
2010: Jasar S. Elarar
2011: Marc Anderson
2012: Alexander Hayne
2013: Jon Stern
2014: Shaun McLaren
2015: Shaun McLaren

Chile
1997: Juan Eduardo Escobar
1999: Andres Hojman
2000: Juan Reutter
2001: Sebastian Suter
2002: Juan Reutter
2003: Jose Luis Capdevila
2004: Waldemar Barrientos
2005: Jose Luis Capdevila
2006: Julio Bernabe
2007: Andres Camargo
2008: Brian Grady
2009: Christian A. Cespedes
2010: Francisco Rojas Sessarego
2011: David Kaliski

China
2000: Jia Wei
2001: Tsang Kai Chung
2002: Nip Nong Ong
2003: Jie Li
2004: Howard Ong
2005: Hui Zhang
2006: Yu Win
2007: Yu Yin
2008: Yu Chip Chop
2009: Liang Zhu
2010: Lu Chao
2011: Chen Zhuang
2012: Xin Sui
2013: Bog Li
2014: Han Bing Sham
2015: Sun Bo Rat

Taiwan
2000: Chen Yu Weng
2001:
2002: Kuo Tzu-Ching
2003: Chih-Hsiang Chang
2004: Ming Da Tsia
2005: Homg Gi Tsai
2006:
2007: Yi-Jie Lin
2008: Ming Chee Wang
2009: Kuo Tzu-Ching
2010: Kuo Tzu-Ching
2011: Bo Ruad Chun
2012: Kuo Tzu-Ching
2013: Kuo Tzu-Ching
2014: Kuo Tzu-Ching
2015: Huang Hao-Shan

Colombia
2004: Nicolás Acosta
2005: Nicolás Acosta
2006: Jose Luis Gomez
2007: Juan Fernando Giraldo
2008: Carlos Amaya
2009: Daniel Parra
2010: Gustavo Adolfo Escobar Forero
2011: Daniel Moreno
2012: Daniel Moreno
2013: Daniel Moreno
2014: Daniel Cardozo
2015: Jairo Eduardo Giraldo Castañeda

Costa Rica
2005: Jose De la O
2006: Ricardo Madriz
2007: Alonso Arrieta
2008: Carlos Pal
2009: Miguel Gatica
2010: Miguel Gatica
2011: Ricardo Madriz
2012: Marino Donato
2013: Miguel Gatica
2014: Miguel Gatica
2015: Miguel Gatica
2016: Marino Donato
2017: Mauricio Agüero
2018: Jun Feng

Croatia
2002: Ivan Rubelj
2003: Ognjen Cividini
2004: Filip Čeč
2005: Ivan Klarić
2006: Lovro Gašparac
2007: Grgur Petric Maretić
2008: Stjepan Sučić
2009: Niko Bačić
2010: Toni Portolan
2011: Grgur Petric Maretic
2012: Grgur Petric Maretic
2013: Grgur Petric Maretic
2014: Vjeran Horvat
2015: Stjepan Sučić
2016: Vjeran Horvat
2017: Vladimir Ivanović

Cyprus
2011: Alexendre Bakhtiarov
2012: Daniel Antonoiu
2013: Daniel Antonoiu
2014: Daniel Antonoiu
2015: Daniel Antonoiu

Czech Republic
1996: David Korejtko
1997: Lukáš Ladra
1998: Michal Srba
1999: Ondřej Baudyš
2000: Ondřej Baudyš
2001: Petr Nahodil
2002: Vladimír Komanický
2003: Petr Nahodil
2004: Ondřej Baudyš
2005: Martin Jůza
2006: Martin Jůza
2007: Tomáš Langer
2008: Petr Brožek
2009: Jan Kotrla
2010: Petr Nahodil
2011: Pavel Bednařík
2012: Martin Jůza
2013: Stanislav Cifka
2014: Stanislav Cifka
2015: Ondrej Stráský
2018: Tomáš Hanousek

Denmark
1995: Jesper Thrane
1996: Svend Geertsen
1997: Thomas Dall Jensen
1998: Timme Nyegaard
1999: Palle Poulsen
2000: Anton Lunau
2001: Niels Sanders Jensen
2002: Jonas Cleeman
2003: Stefan Petersen
2004: Søren Boll
2005: Rasmus Sibast
2006: Rasmus Sibast
2007: Tim Rasmussen
2008: Janus Bossow
2009: Thomas Enevoldsen
2010: Martin Dang
2011: Allan Christensen
2012: Allan Christensen
2013: Thomas Enevoldsen
2014: Martin Müller
2015: Martin Dang

Dominican Republic
2005: Pedro Pappaterra
2006: Carlos Joan Castillo Ruiz
2007: Pedro Pappaterra
2008: Rudy Ivan Jimenez
2009: Etienne Martinez
2010: Omar Bonilla
2011: Felix Osvaldo Rodriguez Acosta
2012: Ronald Rodriguez
2013: Ronald Rodriguez
2014: Pedro Pappaterra
2015: Pedro Pappaterra
2016: Caupolican Lopez
2017: Caupolican Lopez

Ecuador
2005: Mario Castillo
2006: Rafael Matovelle
2007: Francisco Miranda
2008: Francisco Arcos
2009: Jose Intriago Suarez
2010: Mario Castillo
2011: Francisco Cedeño
2012: Francisco Cedeño
2013: Daniel López
2014: Daniel Verdesoto
2015: Javier Castro

El Salvador
2010: Ricardo Cabrero
2011: Enrique Javier Lemus Molina
2012: Juan Navarro
2013: Ricardo Cabrero
2014: Ricardo Cabrero
2015: Salvador Diaz

England
English Nationals were discontinued after the 2006 Nationals with joint nationals with Scotland and Wales held since. However, in 2012 with the introduction of the World Magic Cup, England, Scotland and Wales once again have separate national champions. See Great Britain for national champions from 2007 to 2011.

2000: Ben Ronaldson
2001: Oliver Schneider
2002: Mark Waterhouse
2003: Atturi Björk
2004: John Ormerod
2005: Richard Moore
2006: Craig Stevenson
2012: Richard Bland
2013: Eduardo Sajgalik
2014: Fabrizio Anteri
2015: Fabrizio Anteri
2016:
2017: Autumn Burchett
2018: Autumn Burchett

Estonia
2000: Tanel Lumiste
2001: Margus Liiber
2002: Risto Aaver
2003: Huko Aaspõllu
2004:
2005: Risto Aaver
2006: Erkki Sisask
2007: Aare Klooster
2008: Hannes Kerem
2009: Vahur-Peeter Liin
2010: Taavi Ludvi
2011: Taavi Ludvi
2012: Oliver Oks
2013: Hannes Kerem
2014: Hannes Kerem
2015: Hannes Kerem

Finland
1996: Tommi Hovi
1997:
1998:
1999:
2000: Lasse Larvanko
2001: Tomi Walamies
2002: Tomi Walamies
2003: Tomi Walamies
2004: Jussi Timonen
2005: Tuomo Nieminen
2006: Max Sjöblom
2007: Olli Hämäläinen
2008: Tero Niemi
2009: Mikko Airaksinen
2010: Jani Lindroos
2011: Markku Rikola
2012: Max Sjoblom
2013: Max Sjoblom
2014: Anssi Alkio
2015: Sami Tuomi

France
1994: Bertrand Lestrée
1995: Marc Hernandez
1996: Silvere Bonhomme
1997: Francois Fressin
1998: Fabien Demazeau
1999: Pierre Malherbaud
2000: Yann Hamon
2001: Pierre Malherbaud
2002: Sylvain Lauriol
2003: Stéphane Damizet
2004: Olivier Ruel
2005: Julien Goron
2006: Sylvain Lauriol
2007: Guillaume Matignon
2008: Christophe Peyronnel
2009: Gilles Mongilardi
2010: Julien Parez
2011: Armel Primot
2012: Raphaël Lévy
2013: Raphaël Lévy
2014: Jeremy Dezani
2015: Pierre Dagen
2016: Raphaël Lévy
2017: Alain Bardini
2018: Arnaud Hocquemiller

Germany
1995: Christoph Bilshausen
1996: Peer Kröger
1997: Oliver Krebs
1998: Dirk Hein
1999: Marco Blume
2000: André Konstanczer
2001: Daniel Zink
2002: Kai Budde
2003: Dirk Baberowski
2004: Torben Twiefel
2005: Hannes Scholz
2006: Maximilian Bracht
2007: Bodo Rösner
2008: Olaf Krzikalla
2009: Sebastian Thaler
2010: Dennis Johannsen
2011: Helge Nelson
2012: Bernd Brendemühl
2013: Jonas Köstler
2014: Patrick Dickmann
2015: Christian Seibold
2016: Marc Tobiasch
2017: Philipp Krieger
2018: Marc Tobiasch

Great Britain
The Nationals of Great Britain replaced the English, Scottish, and Welsh Nationals from 2007 to 2011.

1999: Mark Wraith
2007: Craig Jones
2008: Jonathan Randle
2009: Daniel Gardner
2010: Joe Jackson
2011: Daniel Royde

Greece
1995: Christos Toulis
1996: Giraleas Lefteris
1997: Filippidis Giannis
1998: Panoutsos Fotis
1999: Papaioannou Ioannis
2000: Filippidis Giannis
2001: Kapalas Giorgos
2002: Dimitrios Chatsios
2003: Dimitris Kopsidas
2004: Simon Bertiou
2005: Vasilis Fatouros
2006: Harry Yarhas
2007: Petros Tziotis
2008: Theodoros Liapatis
2009: Kostas Skounakis
2010: Simon Bertiou
2011: Fondas Papadatos
2012: Fondas Papadatos
2013: Simon Bertiou
2014: Marios Angelopoulos
2015: Bill Chronopoulos

Guatemala
2008: Christopher Andres Virula Martinez
2009: Mariano Lemus
2010: Jeersson Arturo Soch. C.
2011: Rigoberto Castellan
2012: Rigoberto Castellan
2013: Carlos Emilio Hastedt
2014: Rigoberto Castellan
2015: Christopher Virula

Hong Kong
2000: Chi Fai Ng
2001:
2002:
2003:
2004:
2005: Lee Yin Cheung
2006: Tsang Wan Fai
2007: Yeung Sun Kit
2008: Lam Tsz Yeung
2009: Lee Shi Tian
2010: Sun Kit Yeung
2011: Kai Yip Lee
2012: Zhang Meng Qui
2013: Lee Shi Tian
2014: Lee Shi Tian
2015: Lee Shi Tian

Hungary
1996: Szabolcs Tószegi
1997: Miklós Tihor
1998: Gábor Papp
1999: Gábor Papp
2000: Zsolt Tököli
2001:
2002: Gergely Gárdos
2003: Gergely Gárdos
2004: Károly Lipták
2005: András Balogh
2006: Zoltán Szőke
2007: Tamás Nagy
2008: András Balogh
2009: Tamás Nagy
2010: Gergely Gulyas
2011: Tamás Nagy
2012: Tamás Nagy
2013: Tamás Nagy
2014: Tamás Glied
2015: Tamás Nagy

Iceland
1995: Júlíus Einarsson
1996: Jóhann Möller
1997: Jóhann Möller
1998: Alvin Orri Gíslason
1999: Einar Ágúst Baldvinsson
2000: Sigurður Örn Gunnarsson
2001: Yngvi Ómar Sighvatsson
2002: Gunnar Már Jóhannsson
2003: Stefán Aðalbjörnsson
2004: Guðbjörn Einarsson
2005: Guðbjörn Einarsson
2006: Jón Svan Sverrisson
2007: Marteinn Friðriksson
2008: Torfi Ásgeirsson
2009: Halldór Sigurður Kjartansson
2010: Halldór Sigurður Kjartansson
2011: Stefán Friðriksson
2012: Héðinn Haraldsson
2013: Alvin Orri Gíslason
2014: Ragnar Daði Sigurðsson
2015: Einar Ágúst Baldvinsson

Indonesia
2005: Fandy Cendrawira
2006: The Fei liem
2007: Anthony Subari
2008: Aziz Riphat
2009: Reza Erlangga
2010: Benny Soewanda
2011: Reza Erlangga
2012: Benny Soewanda
2013: Andreas Pranoto
2014: Kurniadi Patriawan
2015: Albert Budisanjaya

Ireland
1997: John Larkin
1998: Fergus Deffely
1999: Ger Norton
2000: John Larkin
2001: David Coghlan
2002: John Larkin
2003: Alan Meaney
2004: Gareth Cosgrave
2005: Darragh Long
2006: Gareth Middleton
2007: Conor Holmes
2008: Conor Kerr
2009: Chris Black
2010: Chris Black
2011: Alan Warnock
2012: Dara Butler (WMC)
2013: Marcin Sciesinski (WMC)
2014: John Larkin (WMC)
2015: Susann Heidemueller (WMC)
2016: Alex Ball (WMC)
2017: David Sea Murphy

Israel
2002: Roey Tzezan
2003: Baruchi Kimchi
2004: Uri Peleg
2005: Roey Tzezana
2006: Aylon Manor
2007: Eviatar Olpiner
2008: Asaf Shomer
2009: Yoav Amir
2010: Ido Faran
2011: Shalom Ashwal
2012: Niv Shmuely
2013: Shahar Shenhar
2014: Shahar Shenhar
2015: Shahar Shenhar

Italy
1995: Ivan Curina
1996: Andrea Paselli
1997: Alberto Morena
1998: Tommaso Natale
1999: Raffaele Lo Moro
2000: Luca Chiera
2001: Matteo Di Tomaso
2002: Stefano Fiore
2003: Daniele Canavesi
2004: Mario Pascoli
2005: Manuel Alvisi
2006: Manuel Alvisi
2007: Mario Pascoli
2008: William Cavaglieri
2009: Luca Ravagli
2010: Federico Ronchi
2011: Marcello Calvetto
2012: Samuele Estratti
2013: Samuele Estratti
2014: Andrea Mengucci
2015: Marco Cammilluzzi

2017: Adriano Moscato
2018: Tian-Fa Mun

Japan
1996: Toshiki Tsukamoto
1997: Tadayoshi Komiya
1998: Toshiki Tsukamoto
1999: Higashino Masayuki
2000: Douyama Tsuyoshi
2001: Goro Matsuo
2002: Kazuhiko Mitsuya
2003: Koutarou Ootsuka
2004: Tsuyoshi Fujita
2005: Takuma Morofuji
2006: Katsuhiro Mori
2007: Masaya Kitayama
2008: Masashi Oiso
2009: Shuhei Nakamura
2010: Katsuhiro Mori
2011: Ryuuichirou Ishida
2012: Yuuya Watanabe
2013: Yuuya Watanabe
2014: Yuuya Watanabe
2015: Yuuya Watanabe
2016: Shouta Yasooka
2017: Kenta Harane
2018: Masahide Moriyama

Kazakhstan
2010: Marat Zhanseitov

Korea
1996: David Seo
1997: Son, Dong-Woo
1998: Kwak, Dong-Ho
1999: Jung, Heung-Jin
2000: Jung, Heung-Jin
2001: Kim, Ji-Hun
2002: Yoo, Sang-oh
2003: Lee, Ji-hoon
2004: Nam, Kyoung Geun
2005: Jun Hee Kang
2006: Jumin Lee
2007: Hyun Woo Jeong
2008: Jun Hee Kang
2009: Kim Jang-hong
2010: Hyun Woo Jeong
2011: Tae-jin Jang
2012: Cynic Kim
2013: Cynic Kim
2014: Sung Wook Nam
2015: Sung Wook Nam

Latvia
2005: Nikolai Precenieks
2006:
2007: Nikolajs Precenieks
2008: Igors Rudzitis
2009: Filips Kamkins
2010: Filips Kamkins
2011: Mihails Senins
2012: Andrejs Prost
2013: Andrejs Prost
2014: Andrejs Prost
2015: Andrejs Prost

Lithuania
2005: Ignas Stasevicius
2006:
2007: Andrius Jautakis
2008:
2009: Paulius Petkūnas
2010: Arturas Zinovjevas
2011: Tomas Šukaitis
2012: Gaudenis Vidugiris
2013: Gaudenis Vidugiris
2014: Gaudenis Vidugiris
2015: Gaudenis Vidugiris

Luxembourg

1998: Romain Glodt
1999:
2000:
2001:
2002: Fabrice Encelle
2003:
2004:
2005: Ken Geschwind
2006:
2007: Yin Zhang
2008: Charles Delvaux
2009: Przemyslaw Nagadowski
2010: Charles Thoss
2011: Przemyslaw Nagadowski
2012: Steve Hatto
2013: Steve Hatto
2014: Steve Hatto
2015: Steve Hatto
2016: Steve Hatto
2017: Tamas Repa
2018: Fernando Pensieri

Macedonia
2003: Vladimir Trajcevski
2004: Miro Popov
2005: Miro Popov
2006: Samoil Petreski
2007: Samoil Petreski
2008: Ivo Neskovik<br/ >
2009: Vladimir Trajcevski
2010: Aleksandar Panajotov
2011: Andrej Loparski
2012: Andrej Loparski
2013: Dimitar Prodanov
2014: Vladimir Trajcevski
2015: Vladimir Trajcevski
2016: Miro Popov
2017: Miro Popov
2018: Samoil Petreski

Malaysia
2001: Ryan Siong Huat Soh
2002: Sim Han How
2003: Joe Soh
2004: Au Yong Wai Kin
2005: Chuen Hwa Tan
2006: Terry Soh
2007: Weng Sheng Wong
2008: Au Yong Wai Kin
2009: Joe Soh
2010: Jason Ng
2011: Lee Eing Yung
2012: Chee Choong Hiew
2013: Rick Lee
2014: Raymond Tan
2015: Raymond Tan

Malta
2005: Duncan Fleri
2006: Duncan Fleri
2007: Ernest Spiteri
2008: Calvin Cassar
2009: Jason Spiteri
2010: Mark Bonett
2011: Duncan Fleri
2015: Luke Vassallo

Mexico
1996: Arturo Ruedas
1997: Enric Rodamilans
1998: Julio César Ayala Vázquez
1999: Gerardo Godínez Estrada "Chiclick"
2000: Héctor Fuentes
2001: Francisco Barboza García
2002: Ivan Cortes
2003: Gustavo Chapela
2004: Enric Rodamilans
2005: Francisco Barboza García
2006: Fernando Domínguez Roldán
2007: Sabás Barriga
2008: Axel Martínez
2009: Fernando Domínguez Roldán
2010: Marcelino Freeman
2011: Isaías Cantú
2012: Isaías Cantú
2013: Dalibor Trnka
2014: Marcelino Freeman
2015: Marcelino Freeman

Netherlands
1995: Jan-Maarten Cobben
1996: Freek ten Cate
1997: Hans Eijmaal
1998: Tom van de Logt
1999: Alexander Witt
2000: Jesse Cornelissen
2001: Tom van de Logt
2002: Tom van de Logt
2003: Rogier Maaten
2004: Jeroen Remie
2005: Douwe van Noordenburg
2006: Kamiel Cornelissen
2007: Robert van Medevoort
2008: Tom van Lamoen
2009: Kevin Grove
2010: Bas Melis
2011: Ruben Snijdewind
2012: Jelger Wiegersma
2013: Raymond Veenis
2014: Frank Karsten
2015: Jelger Wiegersma

New Zealand
1996: Tim Hammond
1997: Eoin Gibb
1998: Mark Simpson
1999: Mark Simpson
2000: Chris Wilson
2001: Roger Miller
2002: Cole Swannack
2003: Richard Grace
2004: Richard Grace
2005: Glenn Patel
2006: Timothy James Aitchison
2007: Kerel Laycock
2008: Dan Bretherton
2009: Jason Chung
2010: Scott Richards
2011: Luke Tsavousis
2012: Jason Chung
2013: Walter Macmurdo
2014: Jingwei Zheng
2015: Jason Chung

Northern Ireland
2012: Alan Warnock
2013: Alan Warnock
2014: Alan Warnock
2015: Stephen Madden
2016: Stephen Madden
2017: Desmond James Carson
2018: Adrian Donnelly

Norway
1998: Snorre Helvik
1999: Nicolai Herzog
2000: Bjorn Petter Jocumsen
2001: Nicolai Herzog
2002: Thomas Johansen
2003: Bjørn Petter Jocumsen
2004: Aleksander Dahl
2005: Nikolas Nygaard
2006: Øyvind Wefald Andersen
2007: Lars Engelberg
2008: André Moshølen
2009: Christian Bakkehaug
2010: Eivind Nitter
2011: Andreas Nordahl
2012: Andreas Nordahl
2013: Andreas Nordahl
2014: Nicolai Herzog
2015: Kenneth Ellingsen

Panama
2005: Joel Enrique Arauz
2006: Sergio Bonilla
2007: Omar Sanjur
2008: Jose Carvajal
2009: Saul Alvarado
2010: Saul Alvarado
2011: Eric Espino
2012: Nikola Mislov
2013: Saul Alvarado
2014: Ivan Oro
2015: Claro Renderos

Peru
2001: Jorge Melgar Talavera
2002: Jorge Melgar Talavera
2003: Steven Vidalón
2004: Marco Sakugawa Tobaru
2005: Eduardo Pereyra
2006: Luis Bonilla
2007: Julio Maravi
2008: Giancarlo Arbulú
2009: Jose Arrieta
2010: Steven Vidalón
2011: Sergio Sanabio
2012: Sergio Sanabio
2013: Jose R. Rodriguez
2014: Jose Velarde
2015: Jose Velarde

Philippines
1996: Angel Diokno
1997: Rafael Lirag
1998: Sean Anthony Ortuoste
1999: Dino Yu
2000: Teddy Sy
2001: Reynerio M. Estacio Jr
2002: Mark Herrin
2003: Gerald Camangon
2004: Francis Profeta Jr.
2005: Mark Herrin
2006: JT Porter
2007: Jose Marie Sabale
2008: Bayani Manansala
2009: Francis Profeta Jr.
2010: Caesar W.Famorcan
2011: Jan Ang
2012: Gerald Camangon
2013: Richmon Tan
2014: Jason Ascalon
2015: Taghoy Arnulfo
2016: Michael Pul Hron
2017: Ryan Españo

Poland
1998: Paweł Karaszewski
1999: Jarosław Paszkiewicz
2000: Marcin Sadoś
2001: Paweł Karaszewski
2002: Adrian Brzegowy
2003: Przemysław Oberbek
2004: Sebastian Guliński
2005: Hubert Jaskólski
2006: Przemysław Oberbek
2007: Robert Szarata
2008: Tomasz Pędrakowski
2009: Sławomir Jabs
2010: Mikołaj Wyspiański
2011: Tomasz Figarski
2012: Tomek Pedrakowski
2013: Tomek Pedrakowski
2014: Marcin Staciwa
2015: Maciej Janik
2016: Grzegorz Kowalski
2017: Radek Kaczmarczyk
2018: Radek Kaczmarczyk

Portugal
1996: Rui Cordeiro
1997: Luis Figueira
1998: Eduardo Martins
1999: Hugo Machado
2000: Frederico Bastos
2001: Dinis Maia
2002: Kuniyoshi Ishii
2003: Tiago Chan
2004: Mauro Peleira
2005: Igor Barreiras
2006: Kuniyoshi Ishii
2007: Fabio Martins
2008: Marcio Carvalho
2009: Frederico Bastos
2010: Hugo Sa
2011: Hugo Vieira
2012: Mauro Peleira
2013: Rodrigo Borba
2014: Marcio Carvalho
2015: Marcio Carvalho
2017: Ricardo Beja

Puerto Rico
2008: Danilo Prieto
2009: Braulio Rivera
2010: Jorge Muniz
2011: Luis Delfin Prieto
2012: Jorge Iramain
2013: Gabriel Nieves
2014: Nicolas Cuenca
2015: Gabriel Nieves

Romania
2008: Andrei Vuia
2009: Bogdan Vodă
2010: Raoul Trifan
2011: Mircea Posoiu
2012: Alexandru Dimitriu
2013: Alexandru Ștefănescu
2014: Rares-Glad Colomei
2015: Ciprian Catana

Russia
1999: Konstantin Firsov
2000: Konstantin Firsov
2001: Denis Kuznetsov
2002: Pavel Solyanko
2003: Albert Khamzin
2004: Artem Dushkevich
2005: Ruslan Dmitriev
2006: Vasily Tsapko
2007: Eugene Idzikovsky
2008: Alexander Privalov
2009: Andrey Kochurov
2010: Vladimir Mishustin
2011: Dmitry Olenin
2012: Egor Khodasevich
2013: Roman Masaladzhiu
2014: Dmitriy Butakov
2015: Denis Ulanov
2016: Alexander Semkin
2017: Evgeniy Shchotka

Scotland
Scottish Nationals were discontinued after the 2006 Nationals but the National Champion title returned in 2012 with the introduction of the World Magic Cup. Joint nationals with England and Wales were held from 2007 to 2011. See Great Britain for national champions 2007–2011.

1997: Martin Peden
2000: Edward Ross
2001: Darryl Tweedale
2002: Nik Iskandar
2003: Edward Ross
2004: David Chapman
2005: Ben Sanders
2006: Stephen Murray
2012: Andrew Morrison
2013: Stephen Murray
2014: Bradley Barclay
2015: Stephen Murray

Serbia
2002: Isidor Nikolić
2003: Đorđe Đorđević
2004: Obradović Vladimir
2005: Daniel Casnji
2006: Dragan Marošan
2007: Boris Bajgo
2008: Aleksa Telarov
2009: Dejan Šibul
2010: Aleksa Telarov
2011: Aleksa Telarov
2012: Aleksa Telarov
2013: Aleksa Telarov
2014: Aleksa Telarov
2015: Miodrag Kitanović
2016: Aleksa Telarov

Singapore
1998: Sam Lau
1999:
2000:
2001: Junyang Ang
2002:
2003: Kok Seng Ong
2004:
2005: Sam Lei Kang Lau
2006:
2007: Ji Tan Rou
2008: Yong Han Choo
2009: Khoo Aik Seng
2010: Teng Chek Lim
2011: Lee Benedict
2012: Kelvin Chew
2013: Kelvin Chew
2014: Kelvin Chew
2015: Chapman Sim

Slovakia
1996: Peter Marcinko
1997: Rasto Stranak
1998: Rasto Stranak
1999: Juraj Smrek
2000: Juraj Smrek
2001: Michal Jedlicka
2002: Tomas Tomecek
2003: Matej Zatlkaj
2004: Rasto Stranak
2005: Robert Jurkovic
2006: Filip Valis
2007: Filip Valis
2008: Filip Valis
2009: Janos Csomos
2010: Ivan Floch
2011: Ivan Floch
2012: Robert Jurkovic
2013: Ivan Floch
2014: Ivan Floch
2015: Ivan Floch

Slovenia
2002: Primoz Lavs
2003:
2004:
2005: Andrej Renko
2006:
2007:
2008: Marko Stokelj
2009: Primoz Lavs
2010: Tine Rus
2011: Bojan Zunko
2012: Robin Dolar
2013: Robin Dolar
2014: Robin Dolar
2015: Robin Dolar

South Africa
2001: Russell Tanchel
2002: Christiaan Du Plessis
2003:
2004: Marco Panavaro
2005: Michael Nurse
2006: Michael Nurse
2007: Seraj Haroun
2008: Adam Katz
2009: Claude Hurlimaar
2010: Dale Fienburg
2011: James Combrink
2012: James Combrink
2013: Craig Leach
2014: Keraan Chetty
2015: Sinan Effendi
2016:
2017: Kaloyan Petkov

Spain
2000: Carlos Barrado
2001: Daniel Bethencourt
2002: Andres Ortega Montero
2003: Francisco Castro
2004: Aniol Alcaraz Coca
2005: Omar Rohner
2006: Javier Dominguez
2007: Ricardo Vicente
2008: Omar Sagol
2009: Enric Martí
2010: Aníbal Carbonero
2011: Joel Calafell
2012: Joel Calafell
2013: Juan Carlos Adebo Diaz
2014: Javier Dominguez
2015: Antonio Del Moral Leon

Sweden
1995: Dan Hörning
1996: Leon Lindbäck
1997: Nikolai Weibull
1998: Matti Leivo
1999: Jimmy Öman
2000: Jimmy Öman
2001: Johan Johannesson
2002: Anton Jonsson
2003: Bertil Elfgren
2004: Carl Thille
2005: Mikael Polgary
2006: Tobias Ström
2007: Matthias Agerberg
2008: Fabian Sjöblom
2009: Tore Hedbäck
2010: Anders Melin
2011: Martin Berlin
2012: Denniz Rachid
2013: Joel Larsson
2014: Joel Larsson
2015: Joel Larsson

Switzerland
1998: Timur Dogan
1999:
2000: Christian Fehr
2001: Dave Montreuil
2002: Christian Kreher
2003: Andrea Curti
2004: Bruno Carvalho
2005: Daniel Oppliger
2006: Régis Blanc
2007: Manuel Bucher
2008: Mark Schwass
2009: Tommi Lindgren
2010: Andreas Ganz
2011: Matthias Künzler
2012: Andreas Ganz
2013: Andreas Ganz
2014: Nico Bohny
2015: Julian Felix Flury
2016: Andreas Ganz
2017: Simon Leigh
2018: Michael Hitz

Thailand
2002: Veerapat Sirilertvorakul
2003: Siru Phantalakun
2004: Siru Phantalakun
2005: Mongkol Tachasukjai
2006: Siru Phantalakun
2007: Jakguy Subcharoen
2008: Sirichai Chaisuthamporn
2009: Jakguy Subcharoen
2010: Kampanart Wiriyaampon
2011: Suttipong Popitukgul
2012: Mat Marr
2013: Sethsilp Chanpleng
2014: Lars Dam
2015: Lars Dam

Turkey
1998: Yusuf Kemal Vefa
1999: Yusuf Kemal Vefa
2000: Gökhan Sarıışık
2001: Onur Konuralp
2002: Siyar Erzen
2003: Eda Bilsel
2004: Yusuf Kemal Vefa
2005: Yusuf Kemal Vefa
2006: Cem Erdoğan
2007: Aras Senyuz
2008: Emir Alimoglu
2009: Cerag Kucukcaglayan
2010: Cem Erdoğan
2011: Emir Alimoglu
2012: Sureyya Dipsar
2013: Emir Alimoglu
2014: Yusuf Kemal Vefa
2015: Osman Ozguney

Ukraine
2001: Artem Kozachuk
2002: Andrey Rybalchenko
2003:
2004: Sergey Kuznetsov
2005: Yaroslav Shlyakhov
2006: Oleksandr Gerasymenko
2007: Oleksandr Gerasymenko
2008: Yury Babych
2009: Artem Kozachuk
2010: Igor Paslavskyy
2011: Iurii Babych
2012: Oleksandr Onosov
2013: Mike Krasnitski
2014: Sergiy Sushalskyy
2015: Oleg Plisov

United Arab Emirates
Nationals in the United Arab Emirates were discontinued after the 2002 nationals.

2000: Rusel Mirara
2001:
2002: Mark Marsden

United Kingdom and Northern Ireland

1996: Robert Salmon

United States
1994: Bo Bell
1995: Mark Justice
1996: Dennis Bentley
1997: Justin Gary
1998: Matt Linde
1999: Kyle Rose
2000: Jon Finkel
2001: Trevor Blackwell
2002: Eugene Harvey
2003: Joshua Wagener
2004: Craig Krempels
2005: Antonino De Rosa
2006: Paul Cheon
2007: Luis Scott-Vargas
2008: Michael Jacob
2009: Charles Gindy
2010: Josh Utter-Leyton
2011: Ali Aintrazi
2012: Brian Kibler
2013: Josh Utter-Leyton
2014: Owen Turtenwald
2015: Mike Sigrist
2016: Owen Turtenwald
2017: Oliver Tomajko
2018: Dylan Brown

Uruguay
1999: Gabriel Aziz
2000: Fernando Veiga
2001: Rodrigo Asuaga
2002: Alejandro Betschart
2003: Jorge Sierra
2004: Gerardo Silva
2005: Mauro Betschart
2006: Ernesto Delgado
2007: Alejandro Betschart
2008: Jorge Sierra
2009: Juan Odriozola
2010: Alejandro Betschart
2011: Guillermo Gruszka
2012: Nicolás Righetti
2013: Martin Castillo
2014: Sebastian Martinez
2015: Matias Roubaud

Venezuela
2001: Eduardo Muñoz
2002: Marlon García
2003: Daniele D'Aversa
2004: Daniel Fior
2005: Frankin Montero
2006: Andres Perez
2007: Marlon García
2008: Jose Nassif
2009: Sergio Vegas
2010: Jesus Enrique Somaza Mendoza
2011: Pedro Elias Gutierrez
2012: Humberto Patarca
2013: Daniel Fior
2014: Daniel Fior
2015: Daniel Fior
2016: Daniel Fior
2017: Daniel Fior

Wales
Welsh Nationals were discontinued after the 2006 Nationals but the Welsh National Champion was reintroduced with the World Magic Cup in 2012. Joint nationals with England and Scotland were held between 2007 and 2011. See Great Britain for national champions from 2007 to 2011.

2000: Stephen Brown
2001: Phil Brett
2002: Dan Allen
2003: Roy Williams
2004: Richard Edbury
2005: Gareth Beamish
2012: Lewis McLeod
2013: Pip Griffiths
2014: Pip Griffiths
2015: Pip Griffiths
2016: Ben Jones
2017: Pip Griffiths

Continental Championships
The continental championships were tournaments held in late summer before the World Championship, inviting top players from their geographical region. All these competitions were discontinued, long before nationals championships were eventually abandoned, too. The last such event was the European championship, held in 2003.

Asian Pacific Region
1997: Nathan Russell (Australia)
1998: Satoshi Nakamura (Japan)
1999: Masaya Mori (Japan)
2000: Masaya Mori (Japan)
2001: Jin Okamoto (Japan)

Europe
1998: Sturla Bingen (Norway)
1999: Nicolai Herzog (Norway)
2000: Noah Boeken (Netherlands)
2001: Eivind Nitter (Norway)
2002: David Brucker (Germany)
2003: Nicolai Herzog (Norway)

Latin America
2000: Gustavo Chapela Gaxiola (Mexico)
2001: Scott Richards (Uruguay)

See also
Magic: The Gathering World Championship

References

national champions


Makau W. Mutua (born 1958) is a Kenyan-American professor at the SUNY Buffalo School of Law and was its dean from 2008 to 2014. He teaches international human rights, international business transactions and international law. He is vice president of the American Society of International Law and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.

He is a second-generation scholar of the Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL), which is critical of the colonial foundations of the extant international law.

In 2016, he made an unsuccessful bid for the office of Chief Justice at the Supreme Court of Kenya.

Mutua has faced criticism and lawsuits concerning his tenure as Dean and professor at Buffalo School of Law.

Early life and education
Makau Mutua was born Robert Mutua in Kitui, Kenya, in 1958, the second of seven children. He was educated at Kitui School and Alliance High School, and in 1975 graduated from an American high school in Fisher, Illinois, to which he was taken by Catholic missionaries. He recounted for a Nairobi newspaper that "the Catholic Church had murdered my spirit as an African. I contemplated dropping the name Robert before going to Illinois, but didn’t know how – and lacked the courage to do so at that age. It was only after I returned from America that I "killed" Robert and left the church."

In May 1981, his education at the University of Nairobi was disrupted by his anti-government activism. He left Nairobi and enrolled in the University of Dar es Salaam, where he graduated in 1983 and 1984 with bachelor’s and master’s degrees in law. He then returned to the United States, where he earned an LL.M in 1985 and an S.J.D. in 1987 at Harvard University.

Legal and academic career
He was an associate for one year at a commercial law firm in New York, where he worked on equipment leasing, licensing, and distributorship contracts, and then moved to Human Rights First, at that time known as the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, where he directed the Africa Project. In 1991, he returned to Harvard as associate director of its human rights program. In 1996, he joined the SUNY Buffalo Law faculty.

In 2003, while on sabbatical, he was appointed to an official task force that recommended a "truth, justice, and reconciliation" commission for Kenya. That year he was also a delegate to a constitutional conference, which attempted to draft a new constitution for Kenya. In 2006, he was an advisor to John Githongo, the former anti-corruption czar who exposed the Anglo-Leasing scandal in the Kibaki government. He is also chairman of the board of the Kenya Human Rights Commission, which is registered in Nairobi as a non-profit political advocacy group or NGO.

In December 2007, following the resignation of his predecessor, R. Nils Olsen, Jr., Mutua was appointed interim dean of the Buffalo School of Law. He was reappointed as dean by the university's provost in May 2008, after the failure of a national job search. He remained in office until December 2014 after he resigned.

In January 2017, Mutua was appointed to a four-year-term as Editor of the Routledge Series on Law in Africa.

Memberships, honors and awards

In 2015, Mutua received the Distinguished Africanist Award from the New York African Studies Association at its 40th Annual Conference.

He was elected vice president of the American Society of International Law from 2011 to 2013 after serving on its executive council from 2007 to 2010.

In May 2010, he became a member of the Sigma Pi Phi fraternity, the first Greek-letter society founded by African-American men in the United States and has been named several times as among the most influential black lawyers and educators in the United States.

Application for Chief Justice, Supreme Court, Kenya
Following the early retirement of Dr. Willy Mutunga from the Office of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Kenya in June 2016, Mutua applied for the office of Chief Justice in response to the vacancy announcement by the Judicial Service Commission. During an interview for the position, Attorney General Githu Muigai questioned Mutua over his tweets not recognizing the election of Uhuru Kenyatta as President of Kenya in March 2013. Mutua responded that he would have no problems working with the President if he was appointed Chief Justice, and that his comments were made as a private citizen.
In addition, the Attorney General questioned his qualifications for chief justice on the grounds that he has not resided in Kenya or paid Kenyan taxes for over thirty years, and has never tried a case or served in any judicial office.  Mutua responded with his readiness to renounce his American citizenship.

When the interviews ended, the commission announced that it had settled on Kenyan Court of Appeal Judge David Maraga as the nominee for the Office of Chief Justice.  Mutua was ranked third in the interviews.

Controversies at SUNY Buffalo

Faculty dissent
Some faculty members claimed "Mutua’s management style divided the school at a time of great economic turmoil.... Critics say Mutua, who came from within the ranks of the faculty, arrived in the dean’s office with a 'divide and rule' philosophy that placed a priority on loyalty and penalized critics while rewarding allies."  A professor had sued the school and Mutua for wrongful termination in 2008, and nine professors supported the plaintiff's account of the matter. The lawsuit ended with Mutua prevailing in 2017, years after he had already resigned his deanship.

Those who were in support of Mutua's deanship describing that "alumni and donors view his stewardship as a much-needed step forward. In their eyes, Mutua shook up a moribund faculty, reached out to alums who felt alienated from the school and succeeded in raising $23 million in private donations. They say the law school’s endowment has nearly doubled since he became dean...."

Criticism for absence
The law school's official history has praised Mutua for "bringing a global focus to the School of Law, drawing on the numerous human rights, diplomatic and rule of law missions he had conducted in countries in Africa, Latin America and Europe."  In May 2009, the law school sponsored the visit of a Kenyan government delegation, where then-Prime Minister Raila Odinga gave newly graduated lawyers and their families a lecture about African politics and praised Makau Mutua as "a great Kenyan patriot."

However, the campus newspaper The Spectrum reported that "[f]aculty and students who were interviewed offered tepid to scathing critiques of Mutua’s tenure and many students insist they have never seen Mutua on campus nor interacted with him." He was criticized for his disengagement from campus life and prolonged absences while he toured many international destinations.

Criticism concerning law-school-ranking
In 2010, Mutua has been accused of presiding over SUNY Buffalo's drop below the top one-hundred American law schools for the first time in its history, despite his pledge to devote his deanship to returning it to the top fifty.

In 2016, the campus newspaper criticized Mutua for hiring eighteen new professors during a decade in which the law school's enrollment was dropping by almost 40% alleging that the imbalance resulted in the resignations, buy-outs, or early retirements of more than half the faculty and a tuition that doubled in the aftermath of his deanship.

Criticism concerning income
After Mutua had taken a sabbatical in 2015 and accepted a consultancy at the World Bank, he was criticized by the campus newspaper that "the university is still paying the former law school dean his full salary – a salary that nears $300,000 – despite being away from the school and taking on outside work."

Newspaper columnist
Mutua, for the better part of a decade, was a columnist for the Sunday Nation, one of the two main newspapers in East and Central Africa. In September 2013, he departed the Sunday Nation and joined the Standard on Sunday, the Sunday Nation's chief competitor.  He returned to the Sunday Nation in July 2019.

Selected works
Human Rights Standards: Hegemony, Law, and Politics. SUNY Press. March 2016
Kenya's Quest For Democracy: Taming Leviathan (Challenge and Change in African Politics). L. Rienner Publishers. 30 April 2008
Human Rights NGOs in East Africa: Political and Normative Tensions. University of Pennsylvania Press. 12 September 2008
Human Rights: A Political and Cultural Critique. University of Pennsylvania Press. 10 November 2008
 Zaire: Repression As Policy (with Peter Rosenblum), New York: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 1990.

References

Kenyan human rights activists
20th-century Kenyan lawyers
Living people
Deans of law schools in the United States
University at Buffalo faculty
1958 births
University of Iowa College of Law faculty
University of Nairobi alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Alumni of Alliance High School (Kenya)
Kenyan academic administrators
People from Kitui County
Kenyan emigrants to the United States
Former Roman Catholics


Fore was a constituency in County Westmeath represented in the Irish House of Commons from 1612 to 1800.

History
In the Patriot Parliament of 1689 summoned by James II, Fore was represented with two members.

Members of Parliament
1634–1635: Lucas Fitzgerald and Thomas Nugent (died 1634 and replaced by John Nugent)
1639–1649: John Nugent (died 1647 and replaced by Oliver Walshe)
1661–1666: Sir Timothy Tyrrill of Buckinghamshire (absent/died and replaced 1662 by Charles Viscount Falkland. Falkland died and was replaced 1663 by John Forrest) and William Markham

1689–1801

Notes

References

Bibliography

Constituencies of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801)
Historic constituencies in County Westmeath
1800 disestablishments in Ireland
Constituencies disestablished in 1800
1612 establishments in Ireland


Magistrates' Courts Act (with its variations) is a stock short title used for legislation in the United Kingdom relating to magistrates' courts.

The Bill for an Act with this short title may have been known as a Magistrates' Courts Bill during its passage through Parliament.

Magistrates' Courts Acts may be a generic name either for legislation bearing that short title or for all legislation which relates to magistrates courts.

List

United Kingdom

The Magistrates' Courts Act 1952 (15 & 16 Geo.6 & 1 Eliz.2 c.55)
The Magistrates' Courts Act 1957 (5 & 6 Eliz.2 c.29)
The Magistrates' Courts (Appeals From Binding Over Orders) Act 1956 (4 & 5 Eliz.2 c.44)
The Metropolitan Magistrates' Courts Act 1959 (7 & 8 Eliz.2 c.45)
The Domestic Proceedings and Magistrates' Courts Act 1978 (c.22)
The Magistrates' Courts Act 1980 (c.43)
The Police and Magistrates' Courts Act 1994 (c.29)
The Magistrates' Courts (Procedure) Act 1998 (c.15)

Northern Ireland

The Magistrates' Courts Act (Northern Ireland) 1964 (N.I.) (c.21)

Magistrates' Courts Order

An Order in Council with this title has been passed. The change in nomenclature is due to the demise of the Parliament of Northern Ireland and the imposition of direct rule. This order is considered to be primary legislation.

The Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (S.I. 1981/1675 (N.I.26))

See also
List of short titles

Lists of legislation by short title
Law of the United Kingdom


NGC 7049 is a lenticular galaxy that spans about 150,000 light-years and lies about 100 million light-years away from Earth in the inconspicuous southern constellation of Indus.

NGC 7049's unusual appearance is largely due to a prominent rope-like dust ring which stands out against the starlight behind it. These dust lanes are usually seen in young galaxies with active star-forming regions. NGC 7049 shows the features of both an elliptical galaxy and a spiral galaxy, and has relatively few globular clusters, indicative of its status as a lenticular type. NGC 7049 is the brightest (BCG) of the Indus triplet of galaxies (NGC 7029, NGC 7041, NGC 7049), and its structure might have arisen from several recent galaxy collisions. Typical BCGs are some of the oldest and most massive galaxies.

References

External links

Simbad database

7049
Indus (constellation)
Lenticular galaxies


In data mining, k-means++ is an algorithm for choosing the initial values (or "seeds") for the k-means clustering algorithm.  It was proposed in 2007 by David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii, as an approximation algorithm for the NP-hard k-means problem—a way of avoiding the sometimes poor clusterings found by the standard k-means algorithm. It is similar to the first of three seeding methods proposed, in  independent work, in 2006 by Rafail Ostrovsky, Yuval Rabani, Leonard Schulman and Chaitanya Swamy. (The distribution of the first seed is different.)

Background
The k-means problem is to find cluster centers that minimize  the intra-class variance, i.e. the sum of squared distances from each data point being clustered to its cluster center (the center that is closest to it).
Although finding an exact solution to the k-means problem for arbitrary input is NP-hard, the standard approach to finding an approximate solution (often called Lloyd's algorithm or the k-means algorithm) is used widely and frequently finds reasonable solutions quickly.

However, the k-means algorithm has at least two major theoretic shortcomings:
 First, it has been shown that the worst case running time of the algorithm is super-polynomial in the input size.
 Second, the approximation found can be arbitrarily bad with respect to the objective function compared to the optimal clustering.

The k-means++ algorithm addresses the second of these obstacles by specifying a procedure to initialize the cluster centers before proceeding with the standard k-means optimization iterations.
With the k-means++ initialization, the algorithm is guaranteed to find a solution that is O(log k) competitive to the optimal k-means solution.

Example of a suboptimal clustering
To illustrate the potential of the k-means algorithm to perform arbitrarily poorly with respect to the objective function of minimizing the sum of squared distances of cluster points to the centroid of their assigned clusters, consider the example of four points in R2 that form an axis-aligned rectangle whose width is greater than its height.

If k = 2 and the two initial cluster centers lie at the midpoints of the top and bottom line segments of the rectangle formed by the four data points, the k-means algorithm converges immediately, without moving these cluster centers. Consequently, the two bottom data points are clustered together and the two data points forming the top of the rectangle are clustered together—a suboptimal clustering because the width of the rectangle is greater than its height.

Consider now extending the rectangle in a horizontal direction to any desired width. The standard k-means algorithm will continue to cluster the points suboptimally, and by increasing the horizontal distance between the two data points in each cluster, we can make the algorithm perform arbitrarily poorly with respect to the k-means objective function.

Improved initialization algorithm
The intuition behind this approach is that spreading out the k initial cluster centers is a good thing: the first cluster center is chosen uniformly at random from the data points that are being clustered, after which each subsequent cluster center is chosen from the remaining data points with probability proportional to its squared distance from the point's closest existing cluster center.

The exact algorithm is as follows:
 Choose one center uniformly at random among the data points.
 For each data point  not chosen yet, compute D(), the distance between  and the nearest center that has already been chosen.
 Choose one new data point at random as a new center, using a weighted probability distribution where a point  is chosen with probability proportional to D()2.
 Repeat Steps 2 and 3 until  centers have been chosen.
 Now that the initial centers have been chosen, proceed using standard k-means clustering.

This seeding method yields considerable improvement in the final error of -means. Although the initial selection in the algorithm takes extra time, the -means part itself converges very quickly after this seeding and thus the algorithm actually lowers the computation time. The authors tested their method with real and synthetic datasets and obtained typically 2-fold improvements in speed, and for certain datasets, close to 1000-fold improvements in error. In these simulations the new method almost always performed at least as well as vanilla -means in both speed and error.

Additionally, the authors calculate an approximation ratio for their algorithm. The -means++ algorithm guarantees an approximation ratio O(log k) in expectation (over the randomness of the algorithm), where  is the number of clusters used. This is in contrast to vanilla -means, which can generate clusterings arbitrarily worse than the optimum.
A generalization of the performance of k-means++ with respect to any arbitrary distance is provided in
.

Applications
The k-means++ approach has been applied since its initial proposal. In a review by Shindler, which includes many types of clustering algorithms, the method is said to successfully overcome some of the problems associated with other ways of defining initial cluster-centres for k-means clustering. Lee et al. report an application of k-means++ to create geographical cluster of photographs based on the latitude and longitude information attached to the photos. An application to financial diversification is reported by Howard and Johansen. Other support for the method and ongoing discussion is also available online.
Since the k-means++ initialization needs k passes over the data, it does not scale very well to large data sets. Bahman Bahmani et al. have proposed a scalable variant of k-means++ called k-means|| which provides the same theoretical guarantees and yet is highly scalable.

Software
 Apache Commons Math contains k-means
 ELKI data-mining framework contains multiple k-means variations, including k-means++ for seeding.
 MATLAB has a K-Means implementation that uses k-means++ as default for seeding.
 OpenCV includes k-means for pixel values.
 Orange includes k-means UI widget and API support
 pyclustering provides K-Means++ implementation to initialize initial centers for K-Means, X-Means, EMA, etc.
 R includes k-means, and the "flexclust" package can do k-means++
 scikit-learn has a K-Means implementation that uses k-means++ by default.
 Weka contains k-means (with optional k-means++) and x-means clustering.

References

Cluster analysis algorithms


Petersen is a 1974 Australian drama film directed by Tim Burstall.

Petersen was a box office success and received wide distribution in the UK and US under the title Jock Petersen. Petersen is first and foremost a sobering critique of Australian life in the early 1970s. Petersen is considered one of the better social dramas from the early years of the Australian film revival. Stanley Kubrick praised the film on its release, particularly Burstall's direction and Jack Thompson's lead performance. Jack Thompson won the Hoyts Prize for Best Performance at the 1975 AFI Awards for his performance in Petersen.

Plot
Tony Petersen is an electrical tradesman and former football star who is studying arts at the University of Melbourne, and majoring in English. Despite being married to adoring wife Susie, he is having an affair with his lecturer, Trish Kent, and has a fling with student Moira as part of a protest. The professor is also seeing one of his students after class. Petersen and the professor's wife talk about having a baby. Trish's husband Charles fails Petersen in his exams and Trish leaves for Oxford. Petersen rapes Trish and returns to his old life.

Cast
Jack Thompson as Tony Petersen
Jacki Weaver as Susie Petersen
Wendy Hughes as Dr. Patricia 'Trish' Kent
Belinda Giblin as Moira
Arthur Dignam as Prof. Charles Kent
Charles "Bud" Tingwell as Reverend Petersen
Helen Morse as Jane
John Ewart as Peter
David Phillips as Heinz
Christine Amor as Annie
Sheila Florance as Tony's Mother
Sandy Macgregor as Marg
Joey Hohenfels as Debbie
Amanda Hunt as Carol
George Mallaby as executive
Anne Pendlebury as Peggy
Dina Mann as Robyin

Production
Burstall wanted to make the story as the first film from Hexagon Productions and commissioned David Williamson to write a screenplay, the original title of which was Sittin' and Tony Petersen. However Williamson was working on many projects at the time so Hexagon made two Alvin Purple films instead.

Burstall claimed that Graham Burke of Heaxgon did not want to make Petersen, so Burstall tried to get funding from the Australian Film Development Corporation, but when they rejected the film Hexagon came on board. The film also used the working title Campus.

Jack Thompson was paid $1,000 a week. It was Wendy Hughes first film and she later said "I didn't know whether I was Arthur or Martha half the time".

Reception
Critical reception to the film was harsh however Petersen grossed $1,363,000 at the box office in Australia, which is equivalent to $9,200,250 in 2009 dollars. Burstall says it made a profit of $70,000 from its Australian release alone. The film was also released in the US and UK and made a star of Jack Thompson.

Home media
Petersen was released for the first time on DVD by Umbrella Entertainment in October 2016.

See also
Cinema of Australia

References

External links

Petersen at the Australian screen
Petersen at Oz Movies

1974 films
Australian drama films
Films shot in Melbourne
Films directed by Tim Burstall
Films set in Melbourne
Embassy Pictures films
1974 drama films
1970s English-language films
English-language drama films


KSKR (1490 kHz, "The Score") is an AM radio station licensed to serve Roseburg, Oregon, United States. The station, which began broadcasting in 1935, is currently owned by Brooke Communications, Inc.

Programming
KSKR broadcasts a sports format including syndicated programming from CBS Sports Radio. KSKR also carries high school football and other local sporting events as a member of the Table Rock Sports Network.

History
This station began broadcasting in June 1935 under the ownership of the News Review Company, publishers of The News-Review, a daily newspaper also based in Roseburg, Oregon.  By 1944, KRNR (for Roseburg's News-Review) was broadcasting with 250 watts of power.

In 1960, the News Review Company placed the station up for sale and on March 1, 1961, it was acquired by Douglas County Tricasters, Inc.  In 1963, the station received a construction permit to upgrade its daytime signal strength to 1,000 watts while maintaining a nighttime output of 250 watts.  The station broadcast a country & western music format throughout the 1970s.

In October 2004, Douglas County Tricasters, Inc., reached an agreement to sell this station to Brooke Communications, Inc.  The deal was approved by the FCC on January 5, 2005, and the transaction was consummated on January 14, 2005.

In 2008 the station dropped its country music format to become a full-time affiliate of ESPN Radio branded as "The Score".KRNR Radio (Country)  The station was assigned the current KSKR call sign by the Federal Communications Commission on June 7, 2008.

Previous logos
 (KSKR's logo under previous ESPN Radio affiliation)

References

External links
KSKR official website

SKR
Radio stations established in 1935
Roseburg, Oregon
CBS Sports Radio stations
1935 establishments in Oregon


Ove Gjerløw Meyer (c. 1742 – 4 November 1790) was a Norwegian jurist and government official, best known for founding the Norwegian Society.

Career
He was born around 1742, probably in Frederikshald (now Halden in Østfold, Norway). His father was headmaster and priest Edvard Offesen Meyer (1713–1760); his mother is not known. Meyer attended Christiania Cathedral School between 1759 and 1762 together with Norwegian folk poets Johan Herman Wessel and Johan Vibe. He then enrolled at the University of Copenhagen and took both the cand.jur. and cand.theol. degrees. After this he worked as a writer and private tutor in Copenhagen.

During the "de facto regency" of  royal physician  Johann Friedrich Struensee (between 1770 and 1772), royal censorship was lifted and Meyer marked himself as a Norwegian patriot. He is recognized as the founder of the Norwegian Society (Det Norske Selskab), a literary society for Norwegians in the city. The first meeting of the society took place on 30 April 1772. Among Meyer's primary concerns was that Norway did not have a university of its own. Like many members of the Norwegian Society, Meyer also wrote poems, but these have not stood the test of time, according to professor and literary historian Harald Noreng.

In 1778, he returned to Norway to become stipendiary magistrate of Tønsberg and Holmestrand. In December 1779, he married Susanne Fredrikke Hansen (1761–1785), daughter of a merchant in Holmestrand. From his seat in Tønsberg, Meyer wrote the publication Noget om Kjøbstaden Tønsbergs Forfatning in 1788. He wrote of the city's long history as well as its contemporary situation, and proposed the establishment of a Norwegian university in Tønsberg—however, this was first printed in 1822, eleven years after the Royal Frederick University was established in Christiania. Meyer would not live to see this happen; in 1790 he was promoted to presiding judge of Tønsberg and Fredrikstad, and to assessor  of the court trial in Christiania in the same year. He had barely assumed the latter position before he died in November 1790. He was buried in Tønsberg.

References

1740s births
1790 deaths
People from Halden
People from Tønsberg
University of Copenhagen alumni
Norwegian expatriates in Denmark
Norwegian jurists
Norwegian civil servants
18th-century Norwegian poets
Norwegian male poets
18th-century male writers


Ryan Phillips (born 1982) is a Canadian football player.

Ryan Phillips may also refer to:
Ryan Phillips (American football) (born 1974), American football player
Ryan Phillips, musician in Story of the Year


Edgar Isaac Lansbury (3 April 1887 – 28 May 1935) was a British Communist politician. His daughter was an English-American actress Angela Lansbury.

Life and career
Lansbury was the son of Elizabeth (née Brine) and politician George Lansbury, who was leader of the Labour Party during the 1930s. He grew up in Poplar in the East End of London, and joined the Civil Service at a young age. In 1910, he left to set up with his brother as timber merchants.

Lansbury was elected to Poplar Council in 1912, serving alongside his father. He represented both the Labour Party and (after its foundation in 1920) the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB). Later that same year, he worked on his father's campaign for Parliamentary re-election, after resignation over the issue, on a radical platform of women's suffrage at the Bow and Bromley by-election.  He also supported Sylvia Pankhurst's East London Federation of Suffragettes, serving as Honorary Treasurer in 1915.

In 1917 he became liable to call-up for military service, and an initial application for exemption as a conscientious objector was refused, but the refusal was overturned by the London County Military Service Appeal Tribunal.

In 1921, Lansbury was one of 30 Poplar councillors to be jailed as a result of the Poplar Rates Rebellion, while, in 1924, he was elected as a substitute member of the CPGB's Central Committee. After his first wife Minnie Lansbury died in 1922, he married actress Moyna Macgill and the two moved to Regent's Park.  From 1924 to 1925 he served as Mayor of Poplar,  the country's second Communist mayor after Joe Vaughan.  He left the Council in 1925, the same year that his first child, the future actress, Angela Lansbury, was born.  Subsequent twin sons, Bruce and Edgar Jr. (born 1930), later became prominent film and television producers and writers.

In 1927, the Lansburys' timber firm was declared bankrupt.  In 1934, Lansbury wrote George Lansbury, My Father.  In the work he inadvertently quoted from confidential documents his father had allowed him to see.  He was found to have contravened section 2 of the Official Secrets Act 1911, and fined; his book was recalled in order for the text to be censored. He died of stomach cancer in 1935.

Publications by Lansbury
 Poplarism ; The Truth about the Poplar Scale Relief and the Action of the Ministry of Health (1924)
 George Lansbury, My Father (1934)

References

Sources
Janine Booth, "Guilty and Proud of it – Poplar's Rebel Councillors and Guardians 1919-1925", Merlin Press, 2009.

1887 births
1935 deaths
19th-century English people
20th-century English politicians
Communist Party of Great Britain councillors
Members of Poplar Metropolitan Borough Council
Labour Party (UK) councillors
Mayors of places in Greater London
Members of the Workers' Socialist Federation
British conscientious objectors
Deaths from cancer in England
Deaths from stomach cancer
Lansbury family
Politicians from London
People from Poplar, London


Moi-Yo Miller was the stage name of Mona Loretta Miller (24 April 1914 – 18 September 2018), an Australian entertainer who toured the world as a magician's assistant and illusionist of the stage magician Dante (a.k.a. Harry Jansen), during the 1930s and 1940s

Biography
Miller was born in  Geelong. She first met Dante while still in her late teens when she was appearing in a musical revue in Melbourne. Dante had decided to recruit an Australian girl as an assistant after, in his words, "he saw in Melbourne more beautiful women per square block than he had seen in any other part of the World".

Miller dated Dante's son, Bill, and went on to work with Dante, staying with him for the rest of his performing career. She very quickly became his main assistant and an integral part of his show Sim Sala Bim. She was often billed as "Australia's Most Beautiful Woman". She once estimated that she had been sawed in half around 11,800 times during her career.

Miller became highly regarded among professional magic performers and is widely cited as one of the all-time great magic assistants. She features in the 2008 documentary movie, Women in Boxes, which explores the vital role of assistants in magic. In 1993 she received the Dragon Award presented by the J. Marberger Stuart Foundation. She celebrated her 100th birthday in 2014. A public art mural of Miller's face was created by artist Michael Cassar in June 2016 on the corner of James Street and Minns Lane, Geelong.

References

Further reading

1914 births
2018 deaths
Australian centenarians
Australian magicians
People from Geelong
Women centenarians
Academy of Magical Arts Special Fellowship winners


John Burges (Burgess) (1563–1635) was an English clergyman and physician. He held nuanced reformist views on the vexed questions of the time, on clerical dress and church ceremonies. His preaching offended James I of England, early in his reign, and Burges went abroad for medical training. He spent many years building up a practice, and only resumed a relationship of conformity within the Church of England in the 1620s.

Life

Early years
Burges was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, and graduated at that university as B.A. in 1586. He was rector of the small living of St. Peter Hungate in Norwich as early as 1590; it has been conjectured that he was a Norfolk man.

Norfolk years
When proceedings were taken against Thomas Cartwright and his supporters, Burges identified with the Puritan party of Cartwright. He accepted their position on the surplice and the cross in baptism: they were not unlawful, but they were inexpedient. He left himself in the hands of his congregation; if they would not be scandalised by his wearing the surplice and using the ceremonies, he would conform; if their consciences would be wounded by his submission, he would not. They answered that if he wore the surplice they would not profit by his ministry; and accepting the verdict he resigned.

Lincolnshire years
Not long after this Burges moved into the diocese of Lincoln, and had for his diocesan William Chadderton, who was translated from Chester in 1595. Chadderton seems to have left him unmolested during the remainder of Queen Elizabeth's reign. Throughout the first year after James I's accession the nonconformist party gave the king no peace. On 16 July 1604 a proclamation was issued requiring all ministers to conform to the new book of ecclesiastical canons before the last day of November following. Burges was regarded as a leading man among the conscientiously disaffected. While the Convocation was deliberating on the canons he was called upon to explain the ground he took and to preach before the king at Greenwich on 19 June 1604. Burges chose his text from Psalm cxxii. 8, 9. One particular passage seems to have provoked the king. Burges likened the ceremonies to Vedius Pollio's glasses, "which were not worth a man's life or livelihood," and for this and other expressions he was sent to the Tower of London.

He was not kept long in prison; on sending a written copy of his sermon with a letter of submission to the king and another to the lords of the privy council, he was released. He drew up his Apology, which was addressed to Bishop Chadderton, and sent to him in manuscript; another copy was presented to the king by a friend, Sir Thomas Jermyn of Rushbrooke, Suffolk. The pamphlet was circulated, and William Covell was ordered to prepare an answer. When the day appointed for arrived, Burges refused  to subscribe to the canons, resigned his living, and was silenced.

Life overseas
Burges left England and retired to Leyden, where for the next six or seven years he studied medicine and took the degree of doctor of physic.

Return to England
Burges seems to have returned to England in 1612 or 1613; in June of the latter year James I wrote a letter to the university of Cambridge complaining that he had been allowed to take the degree of doctor of physic without subscription to the three articles of the 36th canon. The university, in consequence of the king's letter, passed a statute enacting that none should take the doctorate in any faculty without previously subscribing.

Burges had taken up his residence in London, and by a stretch of the royal prerogative he was prevented from practising physic in London on the ground that he had been in holy orders. He moved to Isleworth, and rapidly acquired a large and lucrative practice, his patients including Lucy Russell, Countess of Bedford. Theodore Mayerne, court physician, defended him, and in June 1616 Francis Bacon wrote to George Villiers suggesting that he should intercede for Burges with the king, saying that the doctor was then prepared to subscribe, and desired to resume his ministry.

Burges was elected to a preachership at Bishopsgate, and six months afterwards he was offered and he accepted the living of Sutton Coldfield in Warwickshire, which had been resigned by Edward Chetwynd on his promotion to the deanery of Bristol in July 1617. On 5 July of that month he preached at Paul's Cross, where the audience included Ralph Winwood. But at no point did he regain royal favour.

Later years
When Sir Horatio Vere went out to engage in the war of the Palatinate in 1620, Burges accompanied him as his chaplain; he does not seem to have remained long with the English force, and he was succeeded by his future son-in-law, William Ames. In January 1625 Bishop Thomas Morton collated him to a prebendal stall of Wellington in Lichfield Cathedral. At Sutton Coldfield he continued to reside till the end of his life, being, as Anthony à Wood writes, "held in much respect among the godly."

On 10 July 1627 Burges was one of fifty-nine Cambridge men who incorporated at Oxford, regarded then as a conformist to the church of England.' Four years after this he published his last work. Burges died 31 August 1635, and was buried in the chancel of Sutton Coldfield church, where a monument exists to his memory. He perhaps never quite relinquished his medical practice, and as late as August 1634 he was admitted an extra licentiate of the College of Physicians.

Family
Burges married Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Wilcox, whose works he edited in folio in 1624. By her he had at least three daughters, one of them married to William Ames.

Notes

References

1563 births
1635 deaths
16th-century English Anglican priests
17th-century English Anglican priests
16th-century English medical doctors
17th-century English medical doctors
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge


Edgar Lansbury may refer to:

Edgar Lansbury (politician) (1887–1935), British socialist politician active in the East End of London; father of Angela, Bruce and Edgar
Edgar Lansbury (producer) (born 1930), American-based television producer and son of the politician with the same name; brother of Angela and Bruce


Samuel Charles Bellamy (2 November 1913 – 4 June 2005) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Birmingham.

Life and career
Bellamy was born in 1913 in the Small Heath district of Birmingham, the son of Samuel Bellamy, a labourer, and his wife, Eliza née Kempson. A full back, he played youth football for St Andrew's OSL before moving into adult local football. By 1936, he had played as an amateur for Birmingham's third team as well as having trials with Aston Villa. He answered Birmingham Combination club Tamworth's advertisement for players, and got through to the final trial, but chose to continue on Birmingham's books as an amateur, "figured with considerable success in the third team" during the 1936–37 season, and was signed as a professional.

He made his first senior competitive appearance for the club on 13 November 1937, deputising for the injured Cyril Trigg against Blackpool in the First Division. Birmingham won 3–0, which was their first away win of the season. He was retained for the 1938–39 season, and was a regular in the reserve team in the Central League, mainly at left back; in the last match of the season, he suffered a concussion and was taken to hospital. He made no more first-team appearances before the Football League was suspended for the duration of the Second World War.

When war broke out, Bellamy was a single man living with his parents and three younger siblings in Graham Road, Yardley. He worked for Revo Electric, manufacturers of domestic equipment, as an assembler. He played football for Revo's works team, as well as appearing occasionally for Birmingham in the various wartime competitions, before joining the Army in 1940. He spent time serving in the Middle East. Bellamy rejoined Birmingham after the war, appeared for their Central League team, and was given a free transfer at the end of the 1946–47 season.

He signed for Tamwortheleven years after his trial with the cluband was a first-team regular for three seasons. However, a knee injury in April 1950 and another injury early in the following season, by which time he was 37 years old, hastened the end of his senior career.

Bellamy died in Solihull in 2005 at the age of 91.

References

Sources

1913 births
2005 deaths
People from Small Heath, Birmingham
Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands
English men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Birmingham City F.C. players
Tamworth F.C. players
English Football League players


John Pickett may refer to:

John Pickett (businessman) (born 1934), American businessman and ice hockey team board chairman
John Pickett (baseball) (1866–1922), American baseball player
John Coleman Pickett (1896–1983), American federal judge
John Pickett (canoeist) (born 1951), American sprint canoeist
John A. Pickett (born 1945), British chemist
John S. Pickett Jr. (1920–2014), American legislator and judge


Walnut Hill Historic District may refer to:

 Walnut Hill Historic District (Carnesville, Georgia), listed on the NRHP in Georgia
 Walnut Hill Historic District (Knightdale, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in North Carolina


Louis Sylvestre (February 12, 1832 – February 10, 1914) was a farmer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Berthier in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1871 to 1878 and from 1886 to 1889 as a Liberal.

He was born in Sainte-Geneviève-de-Berthier, Lower Canada, the son of Pierre Sylvestre and Josephte Rivard, dit Lavigne. He was educated at the Collège de l'Assomption and established a farm at Île-Dupas. In 1848, he married Marie Plante. Sylvestre served on the local school board as commissioner, secretary and president. He was also mayor of Île-Dupas. Sylvestre was defeated by Joseph Robillard when he ran for reelection in 1878. He ran unsuccessfully for a federal seat in 1882. He resigned his seat in the Quebec assembly in 1889 and represented Lanaudière division in the Legislative Council of Quebec from 1890 to 1905. He died in Berthierville at the age of 81.

His grandson Armand Sylvestre served in the Canadian House of Commons.

References

1832 births
1914 deaths
People from Lanaudière
Quebec Liberal Party MNAs
Mayors of places in Quebec
Quebec Liberal Party MLCs


KSKR-FM (100.9 MHz) is an American radio station licensed to serve Sutherlin, Oregon, United States. The station, which began broadcasting in 1998, is currently owned by Brooke Communications, Inc.

Programming
KSKR-FM broadcasts a Top 40 (CHR) format branded as "¡101". During its time as a sports station, KSKR-FM carried high school football and other local sporting events as a member of the Table Rock Sports Network.  KSKR-FM also aired University of Oregon Ducks football, baseball, and men's basketball as a member of the Oregon Sports Network.
On Saturday Carson Daly and Local DJ The Grubes airs The iMix and Saturday nights the nationally syndicated show Most Requested Live is aired. Every Sunday, Weekends With Roula and Club Kane is aired.   Weekday mornings has Nationally syndicated Brooke and Jeffery and the afternoon drive shift 3pm to 7pm is the Award Winning Afternoons with the World Renowned solo artist "Tory (Tory) Rose" and Christian(The Grubes) Gruber.

History
This station received its original construction permit from the Federal Communications Commission on August 31, 1995.  The new station was assigned the call letters KAVJ by the FCC on June 1, 1997.  KAVJ received its license to cover from the FCC on February 25, 1999.

In August 2002, Valentine Coastal Communications, Inc. (Bernie Foster, owner) reached an agreement to sell this station to Brooke Communications, Inc. (Patrick Markham, president) for $650,000.  The deal was approved by the FCC on October 21, 2002, and the transaction was consummated on December 16, 2002.  At the time of the sale, the station broadcast an oldies music format branded as "101.1 Cool FM".

The oldies format persisted until 2008 when the station became a full-time affiliate of ESPN Radio branded as "The Score".  The station was assigned the current KSKR-FM call sign by the Federal Communications Commission on June 7, 2008.

On October 1, 2011, KSKR-FM changed their format from sports (which continues on sister station KSKR (1490 AM in Roseburg, Oregon)) to contemporary hits, branded as "Jelli 101.1".

On December 13, 2013 KSKR-FM moved from 101.1 FM to 100.9 FM.  The branding was modified to “Jelli 101” on the new frequency.

On June 26, 2014, Jelli announced it would shut down its radio platform on the 29th. That same day, KSKR-FM held an on-air funeral to sign off Jelli 101. Afterward, the station continued its CHR format, but without any imaging except for the top-of-the-hour station ID, which it ran until the following day at Noon, when it rebranded as i101, continuing to promote their music as being chosen (at least partly) online by listeners.

Former logo

References

External links
KSKR-FM official website

SKR-FM
Radio stations established in 1998
Contemporary hit radio stations in the United States
Douglas County, Oregon
1998 establishments in Oregon


The Odenwald Railway () is a mainly single-tracked main line from Darmstadt and Hanau to Eberbach on the River Neckar, which crosses the Odenwald mountains in the German states of Hesse and Baden-Württemberg. Since 1882 the route has been operated throughout as a standard gauge line and since 2005 has been worked by diesel multiples owned by the VIAS private railway company.

The line is timetable no. KBS 641. To distinguish it from the Odenwald Railway in Baden from Heidelberg to Würzburg it is also known as the Hessian Odenwald Railway (Hessische Odenwaldbahn) and occasionally as the Mümling Railway (Mümlingbahn), because it follows the valley of the same name from Beerfelden Hetzbach to Höchst im Odenwald.

History

Planning and construction
During the 1860s there were many years of controversy over the route. Darmstadt, the capital city of the Grand Duchy of Hesse (Hesse-Darmstadt) supported a route through the Gersprenz valley through Reinheim, Brensbach, Hollerbach and the Kinzig and the Mümling valleys. Frankfurt instead supported route through Dieburg. As a compromise, the route as later built was chosen. It runs from Eberbach through the Odenwald via Wiebelbach-Heubach, where it branches, with one branch running to Babenhausen and Hanau Central Station (Hauptbahnhof) and the other branch to Reinheim and Darmstadt. This meant that traffic from the Odenwald ran to Darmstadt rather than bypassing it.

The Hessian Ludwig Railway (Hessische Ludwigsbahn) received the concession for the Odenwald Railway in the summer of 1868 and financed its construction by raising public debt of over 4 million thalers. It was constructed as a single-track main-line railway of standard gauge, crossing the Odenwald in southern Hesse and northern Baden-Württemberg. In September 1868, construction began on the 1,205 m long tunnel near Frau-Nauses between Wiebelbach and Höchst im Odenwald in the Mümling valley. This cost the life of eleven people and was finished at the Christmas of 1870. In Darmstadt, work began on 1 February 1869 and progressed quickly towards Reinheim. The line was opened to Ober-Ramstadt on 28 December 1870, to Reinheim on 15 May 1871 and to Wiebelbach-Heubach two months later. On 23 December 1871 the section to Erbach was opened, having been delayed by a collapse in the Frau-Nauses tunnel.

The branch line between Hanau and Wiebelbach-Heubach was opened between Babenhausen and Wiebelbach-Heubach in two sections in 1870 and between Hanau and Babenhausen in 1882. The Odenwald Railway crosses the Rhine-Main Railway in Babenhausen.

The Hessian Ludwig Railway received a concession from the Grand Duchy of Hesse to build the 31 km southern section of the line through the Grand Duchy of Baden on 3 August 1875; the Baden section of the line was authorised by a treaty between the two grand duchies that had been signed on 3 August 1874. Because the line had to overcome the topography over the watershed between the Main and Neckar, many engineering structures were required between Erbach and Eberbach, including the Himbächel Viaduct and the Krähberg Tunnel, as well as gradients of 1 in 70. On 1 March 1882, the 23 km long Erbach–Hetzbach section running through the Krähberg Tunnel was opened. On 27 May, this was followed by the opening of the last section from Eberbach to Hetzbach, first for passenger traffic and five days later for freight, making the Odenwald Railway operable along its entire length. Originally, it had been planned to complete the line in 1879, coinciding with the opening of the Neckar Valley Railway from Neckargemünd to the Jagst river, but due to the stretched financial situation of the Hessian Ludwig Railway Company, this schedule could not be met. Passenger trains took two hours to run over the 56 km route between Darmstadt and Erbach in 1871.

Development

Additional infrastructure
A number of additions and connections to different lines were connected to the Odenwald Railway over the years:
On 10 October 1887 the Gersprenz Valley Railway (Gersprenztalbahn) to Reichelsheim connected to the Odenwald Railway in Reinheim.
On 1 October 1896, the Rodgau Railway (Rodgaubahn) was opened from Reinheim via Dieburg to Offenbach.
The Überwald Railway ("upper forest railway" or Überwaldbahn) was an attempt to create a lateral connection between the Bergstraße Route and the Odenwald Railway. The Überwald Railway was opened in 1901 from Weinheim to Wahlen (now in the municipality of Grasellenbach), where this ambitious attempt ended because of the cost of crossing the mountains and eventually reaching the Odenwald Railway could not be financed.
On 1 May 1904, the branch line to Beerfelden was opened.
On 1 October 1908, Zellhausen station, which was not originally planned, opened after the local community had asked for a connection to the network.
On 1 December 1912 the Bachgau Railway (Bachgaubahn) was opened between Höchst and Aschaffenburg.

Traffic
From 1925 the Odenwald Railway was served by local services as well as three “hedgerow expresses” (Heckeneilzug), from Frankfurt via Hanau, Erbach and Eberbach, connecting with Stuttgart and during some timetable periods in the 1980s even corridor express (D-Zug) trains. These changed from electric to diesel locomotives originally in Heilbronn and later in Eberbach. The travel time between Frankfurt and Stuttgart was 3.5 hours and between Frankfurt and Erbach about 85 minutes.

Dismantling of the infrastructure
In the 1970s, the Odenwald Railway began large scale closures. Zeilhard, Richen, Etzen-Gesäß, Schönnen, Ebersberg and Gaimühle stations were closed and Hetzbach, Kailbach, Klein-Umstadt and Langstadt stations were rebuilt as halts (Haltepunkten, that is they now had all sets of points removed). In the 30 kilometres between Erbach and Eberbach there are now no junctions. The branch lines were partly closed:
 Gersprenz Valley Railway in May 1964
the Hetzbach–Beerfelden line on 23 June 1964
the southern section of the Rodgau Railway on 20 July 1965
The Bachgau Railway on 26 May 1974, although the first section of track continued to be used as a siding for the local industry, especially to the Pirelli tyre factory.

At times, it was even considered abandoning the mountainous line between Erbach and Eberbach completely. This did not happen, however, and the services began stopping at Kailbach and Schöllenbach stations again from 1994, after they had been closed in 1977.

Operations
After the Second World War, class 65 steam locomotive were used on almost all trains. They were used because their technical characteristics (tensile strength) was very suitable for the Odenwald line. Passengers trains were mostly composed of three-axle carriages rebuilt from compartmentised carriages. Freight trains were often hauled by class 50 locomotives; in some cases freight traffic was carried between Hanau and Wiebelbach in railbus sets. All locomotives were based in Darmstadt. In 1970, steam operations ended on the Odenwald line and train services were hauled by diesel locomotives of class 212. At the beginning of the 1990s, class 628 diesel multiple units were increasingly operated on the line, while the remaining locomotive-hauled trains, which had been hauled by class 212 diesel locomotives, was gradually replaced by class 216 hauled trains. In the late nineties, these were replaced first by class 215 locomotives, which after a short time were transferred to other regions, and then by class 218 locomotives. The locomotive-hauled trains often ran as push-pull trains.

Deutsche Bahn abandoned freight services in 2001. Through passenger services between Frankfurt and Stuttgart were terminated in December 2004 when Baden-Württemberg refused to support them.

Passenger trains on the 56 km route between Darmstadt and Erbach took 1 hour and 17 minutes in 1982; in 2004 they took 1 hour and 10 minutes, which corresponded to an average speed of 48 km/h.

Current railway

Modernisation of the infrastructure

Around 2005 was the infrastructure of the Odenwald Railway was upgraded at considerable cost. The line speed was increased in some places from 90 to 120 km/h and the predominant semaphore signals were replaced by colour light signals controlled from a central control panel at Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach station. At several stations (Darmstadt Ost, Ober-Ramstadt, Reinheim, Wiebelsbach, Groß-Umstadt) access to the trains were improved with new platforms. In Darmstadt Nord, a new track connection was built allowing a direct journey to Frankfurt over the Main-Neckar Railway and a new station was opened at the new campus of the Technical University of Darmstadt, called Darmstadt TU-Lichtwiese.

In the course of modernisation at the timetable change of December 2005, some station names were changed to reflect changes in place names as a result of the municipal reform in Hesse in 1974:

The local transport plan for 2011-2016 includes new stations in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district and new stations in Groß-Umstadt are also being considering.

Operations

Since the timetable change on 11 December 2005, the passenger services on the Odenwald Railway have been operated by the VIAS company, using two-carriage Bombardier Itino DMUs, which are owned by Fahrzeugmanagement Region Frankfurt RheinMain GmbH (fahma). The platform length of 120 metres on the line restricts services to a maximum of three sets coupled together. However, the originally tendered 22 sets are not enough to provide sufficient capacity on all services. So as a result of bottlenecks especially during peak hours, passenger growth on the new direct services has been low. Therefore, in 2007, four more Itino sets were ordered. These were approved for service in February 2010 and have increased the fleet to 26 sets.

Rail services
The following Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund services are operated:

Since the timetable change on 11 December 2005, direct services are able to run from the Odenwald Railway on the new rail link north of Darmstadt to Frankfurt. This service is operated hourly from Erbach to Frankfurt, via Frankfurt Central Station, Offenbach Central Station, Hanau Central Station and then on to Erbach (and vice versa), with a short stop and reversal in Frankfurt Central Station. Some of these trains travel in the peak with three sets coupled. The journey from Erbach to Frankfurt via Darmstadt now take about 88 minutes.

When the trains run through Babenhausen there are interchanges on the Rhine-Main Railway to Darmstadt and Aschaffenburg. Since the timetable change of 2005, connections on Sundays and public holidays are no longer matched, causing longer waiting times.

There are currently no freight operations on the Odenwald Railway.

Since December 2011, some services running to Darmstadt continue to Pfungstadt on the Pfungstadt Railway.

Cultural significance
The line for its whole length is listed as a historic landmark under the Hessian Monument Protection Act. Its whole length of 120 km, especially its southern part, is very scenic: between Erbach and Eberbach it runs across a mountain range with many engineering structures. The Himbächel viaduct with a total length of 250 m and a maximum height of 40 m and the Haintal viaduct with a length of 173 m and two 60 m long viaducts over the Rindengrund and the kurze Tal ("short valley") are the most impressive viaducts. The line has three tunnels: the 240-metre-long Engelberg tunnel at Reinheim, the 1,205 m long tunnel near Frau-Nauses, both 8 m wide in preparation for a second track, and the Krähberg tunnel with a length of 3,100 m. At the top of the Mümling valley the line has its maximum grade of 1:70 and its smallest curve radius of 300 m.

The railway was a tourist attraction from the beginning. It was travelled over by the Grand Duke Ludwig of Hesse and his wife, Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, accompanied by the Count of Erbach-Schönberg and their guest, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, a brother of the Duchess, in early 1872, on the way to Lauterbach.

Notes

References

External links

Railway lines in Hesse
Odenwald
Railway lines opened in 1870
1870 establishments in Germany
Buildings and structures in Darmstadt-Dieburg
Buildings and structures in Main-Kinzig-Kreis


Walnut Hill Historic District in Carnesville, Georgia consists of several small farm complexes along Old Federal Road (now Georgia State Route 51) making a historic rural linear community.  The oldest dates from 1850.  It includes farmhouses of types that are common for rural Georgia from c.1850 to c. 1910 and various outbuildings.  Most of the farms were small subsistence farms which grew corn, vegetables, oats, and wheat, plus some cotton as a cash crop.

The district includes the graveyard of Indian Creek Baptist Church, which was founded in 1850.  Many of the community members were of the Hamilton or Payne families.  It includes a historic store and a doctor's office.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
Geography of Franklin County, Georgia
National Register of Historic Places in Franklin County, Georgia


Dekon () is a village in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq. The village's population consists of more than 100 families.

It has a primary and secondary school, health clinic, water project, asphalt road, and a phone line that connects it to the town of Khormal and to all of Kurdistan and Iraq.

It is 3 km away from the town of Khormal and 10 km from the city of Halabja.

It was destroyed two times by the Iraqi regime, the first time in 1913 and the second time in 1987. It was rebuilt after the Kurdish revolution of 1991.

References

Populated places in Sulaymaniyah Province
Kurdish settlements in Iraq


Harald Noreng (25 April 1913 – 7 February 2006) was a Norwegian literary researcher and lexicographer.

Personal life
He was born on the island of Hisøya in the municipality of Hisøy in 1913.  He was the son of boat builder Johan Wilhelm Hanssen (1887–1967) and Kathrine Marie Pettersen (1888–1971). He changed his last name from Hanssen to Noreng in 1933. In February 1941 he married jurist Alice Schwabe-Hansen (1915–2004). They had two children, Øystein Noreng (1942–) and Astrid Noreng Sjølie (1946–).

Career
He finished his secondary education in 1932, and enrolled in philology at the University of Oslo. He took the cand.philol. degree in 1940 with the thesis Nils Kjær og nyromantikken. He worked as a teacher, mainly at Oslo Cathedral School, until 1958, except for several years as a researcher. He held research fellowship both at the University of Oslo, Lund University and at NAVF. He took the dr.philos. degree in 1949 with the thesis Nils Kjær. Fra radikal til reaksjonær. The opponents at his thesis defence were Francis Bull, A. H. Winsnes and Gunnar Høst. In 1958 he was hired as a lecturer at the University of Oslo. From 1960 to 1980 he was a professor of European literature at the University of Bergen. Among his later works the publication the complete works of Christian Braunmann Tullin between 1972 and 1976.

After retiring as a professor he led the long-time project to register and list every word used throughout the authorship of Henrik Ibsen in an electronic database. The project spanned from 1978 to 1986, and resulted in the 1987 release Henrik Ibsens ordskatt. Vokabular over hans diktning, edited by Noreng, Knut Hofland and Kristin Natvig. Noreng also worked with volumes one through four of the dictionary Norsk Riksmålsordbok between 1938 and 1957, and in 1995 he wrote two extra volumes. For this he received the Fritt Ord Honorary Award in 1995. He died in February 2006 in Oslo.

References

1913 births
2006 deaths
Norwegian literary historians
Norwegian biographers
Male biographers
Norwegian lexicographers
Riksmål-language writers
University of Oslo alumni
Oslo Cathedral School faculty
Academic staff of the University of Oslo
Academic staff of the University of Bergen
People from Arendal
20th-century biographers
20th-century Norwegian male writers
20th-century lexicographers


The Plains of Heaven is a 1982 Australian film directed by Ian Pringle, about two men at a remote satellite relay station who contemplate their obsessions.

Ian Pringle shared the Interfilm Award win for The Plains of Heaven at the Mannheim-Heidelberg International Film festival in 1982.

Cast
Richard Moir as Barker
Reg Evans as Cunningham
Gerard Kennedy as Lenko
John Flaus as Landrover owner
Jenny Cartledge as Nurse
Brian McKenzie as Lewis

Production
The film was made for a budget of $100,000, which came to $160,000 after deferrals and a marketing grant. $60,000 came from the Creative Development Branch of the Australian Film Commission and the film was shot at Falls Creek in the Bogong High Plans over four weeks. Pringle says the film ran out of money three weeks into the shoot but they managed to find more to finish it.

References

External links

The Plains of Heaven at Oz Movies

1982 films
Australian drama films
Films directed by Ian Pringle
1982 drama films
1980s English-language films
1980s Australian films