No. 165 Squadron RAF was a unit of the Royal Air Force that was formed during World War I and served during World War II. The squadron has been formed twice.

Initially formed on 1 June 1918 as a nucleus, it did not see active service before being disbanded on 4 July 1918.

Reformed on 6 April 1942 at RAF Ayr, Scotland  with Supermarine Spitfire as a fighter squadron and became operational on defensive duties on 1 May. The squadron moved to RAF Eastchurch, England on 15 August to take part in sweeps over northern France, moving to RAF Gravesend on 20 August and again to RAF Tangmere on 2 November, until returning to RAF Peterhead, Scotland on 29 March 1943.

In May 1943, Spitfires from the squadron intercepted a Junkers Ju 88 off the Scottish coast. The aircraft was being flown by crew who intended to defect to the allied side. The Ju 88 waggled its wings and dropped flares, signaling the intent to surrender, and the Spitfires escorted it to a landing at RAF Dyce. The RAF pilots were Mentioned in Dispatches for taking the risk not to open fire on the Ju 88 upon interception.  The capture of this aircraft was of great intelligence value at the time, as it was fitted with the latest FuG 202 Liechtenstein BC A.I radar.

On 30 June, the squadron relocated to RAF Ibsley, England before moving to RAF Exeter, then RAF Kenley before moving to RAF Church Stanton, later renamed as RAF Culmhead, and was assigned to provide bomber escort missions over France and Germany.  Escorts, convoys patrols, sweeps over northwest France and local air defence occupied the squadron until after the invasion moving to RAF Colerne on 10 February 1944, then back to RAF Culmhead on 10 March, then RAF Predannack on 2 April. The squadron was moved to RAF Harrowbeer on 20 June,  then RAF Detling on 22 June, to help combat flying-bomb attacks and provide escort for bomber forces. The squadron was moved to RAF Lympne on 12 July and then RAF Detling on 10 August.

The squadron moved to RAF Bentwaters on 15 December, where the squadron was re-equipped with North American Mustangs becoming operational again in February 1945 and began long-range missions. With the end of the war in Europe, the squadron moved to RAF Dyce to re-equip with Spitfires and prepare to be transferred to Norway in mid June. The squadron provided air defence for a period of six months until the Royal Norwegian Air Force had reorganised. The squadron disbanded on 1 September 1946 after returning home with its aircraft passing to No. 66 Squadron.

Squadron codes

References

External links

 RAF website
 RAF Command Details

165
Military units and formations established in 1942
No. 165


Ali Guli Mane (Kannada: ಅಳಿ ಗುಳಿ ಮಣೆ Tulu: ಚೆನ್ನೆಮಣೆ) is an abstract strategy board game of the mancala family, from Karnataka in South India. It is known as Chenne Mane in Tulunaadu (Coastal Karnataka), Akal Patta in North Karnataka and Satkoli (सत्कोलि) in Maharashtra. The name of the game, like that of many mancala games across the world, is simply a description of the board used: it means a "wooden block with holes". It is similar to Pallanguzhi from the neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu. There are also similarities with the traditional Malay mancala game Congkak.

Initial setup
Ali Guli Mane uses two rows of 7 holes each. Each player "owns" the row of holes closest to them. The game starts with 70 pieces (usually tamarind seeds or small shells), with 5, 7 or 12 in each hole.

Turns
In each turn, the player removes all seeds from a hole and distributes them clockwise or anti-clockwise, at their own choice. This sowing is done sequentially  but the principle is slightly different from that used in a game like Pallanguzhi. Once the last of the seeds is placed, the player takes all the seeds in the next hole (clockwise or anti-clockwise as per the sowing) and continues placing them in this way.

If the next hole is empty (), the player stops and captures all the seeds in the hole next to the empty one, and all those in the hole opposite it. For instance, if an anti-clockwise sowing ends in A5 (and A4 is empty) then the player captures the contents of A3 and B3.

The player can take two sowings, if he captured in the first one; thus the turn ends after two saadas.

Multiple matches
Ali Guli Mane is often played as the Congkak, following the first game with new matches handicapped. The players arrange in their own part the seeds that they have captured. The player who has won more seeds, having an excess (more than 35), can fill their holes with 5 seeds each, holding aside the additional seeds as "already captured". The other player fills as many holes with 5 seeds as possible, holding as "already captured" any remaining seeds not sufficient to fill a hole (i.e., up to 4). All holes left empty will be marked in some way to remember that they are "protected" holes, and they will not be used in the new game.

See also
 Pallankuzhi
 Congkak
 Kalah
 List of mancala games

External links
 Ali guli mane boards, players at Board Games of India.

Abstract strategy games
Traditional board games
Traditional mancala games


This list of tallest buildings in Salt Lake City ranks skyscrapers in the U.S. city of Salt Lake City, Utah by height. The tallest building in the city is the Wells Fargo Center, which rises  and was completed in 1998. Minimum height for this list is 50 meters (164 feet). Buildings included in this list are confined to those still standing.

Completed buildings

Completed buildings ranked in each height range.

Completed Buildings by Decade that are still standing and are a minimum of 50 meters (164 feet) tall.

List of the completed buildings in Salt Lake City that are a minimum of 50 meters (164 feet) tall.

Under construction and proposed

Under Construction

As of September 2023, two buildings are under construction with a height of at least .

Proposed
As of September 2023, there are currently seven proposed high-rises that are planned to rise at least .

Timeline of tallest buildings

References

Salt Lake City
Tallest in Salt Lake City


Mariano Paredes (1800—1856) was President of Guatemala  from January 1, 1849 to November 6, 1851 as a compromise chief of state. Paredes, an army colonel, came to power after Rafael Carrera was ineffective in quelling uprisings in eastern Guatemala and short-term governments failed to restore order. But Mariano Paredes was unable to control Guatemala.

Presidency

During his first term as president (1844-1848), Rafael Carrera had brought the country back from excessive conservatism to a traditional climate; however, in 1848, the liberals were able to force Rafael Carrera to leave office, after the country had been in turmoil for several months.  Carrera resigned at his own free will and left for México.  The new liberal regime allied itself with the Aycinena family and swiftly passed a law where they emphatically ordered to execute Carrera if he dared to return to Guatemalan soil. On his absence, the liberal crillos from Quetzaltenango -led by general Agustín Guzmán who took over the city after Mariano Paredes was called to Guatemala City to take over the Presidential office- declared that Los Altos was an independent state once again on 26 August 1848; the new state had the support of Vasconcelos' regime in El Salvador and the rebel guerrilla army of Vicente and Serapio Cruz who were declared enemies of general Carrera. The interim government was led by Guzmán himself and had Florencio Molina and priest Fernando Davila as his Cabinet members. On 5 September 1848, the criollos altenses chose a formal government led by Fernando Antonio Martínez.

Return of Rafael Carrera

In the meantime, Carrera decided to return to Guatemala and did so entering by Huehuetenango, where he met with the native leaders and told them that they had to remain united to prevail; the leaders agreed and slowly the segregated native communities started developing a new Indian identity under Carrera's leadership. In the meantime, on the eastern part of Guatemala, the Jalapa region became increasingly dangerous; former president Mariano Rivera Paz and rebel leader Vicente Cruz were both murdered there after trying to take over the Corregidor office in 1849.

Upon learning that officer José Víctor Zavala had been appointed as Corregidor in Suchitepéquez, Carrera and his hundred jacalteco bodyguards crossed a dangerous jungle infested with jaguars to meet his former friend.  When they met, Zavala not only did not capture him, but agreed to serve under his orders, thus sending a strong message to both liberal and conservatives in Guatemala City, that realized that they were forced to negotiate with Carrera, otherwise they were going to have to battle on two fronts -Quetzaltenango and Jalapa.  Carrera went back to the Quetzaltenango area, while Zavala remained in Suchitepéquez as a tactical maneuver. Carrera received a visit from a Cabinet member of Paredes and told him that he had control of the native population and that he assured Paredes that he will keep them appeased. When the emissary returned to Guatemala City, he told the president everything Carrera said, and added that the native forces were formidable.

Agustín Guzmán, the altense leader, went to Antigua Guatemala to meet with another group of Paredes emissaries; they agreed that Los Altos would rejoin Guatemala, and that the latter would help Guzmán defeat his hated enemy and also build a port on the Pacific Ocean. Guzmán was sure of victory this time, but his plan evaporated when, in his absence, Carrera and his native allies had occupied Quetzaltenango; Carrera appointed Ignacio Yrigoyen as Corregidor and convinced him that he should work with the k'iche', mam, q'anjobal and mam leaders to keep the region under control.  On his way out, Yrigoyen murmured to a friend: Now he is the King of the Indians, indeed!

Guzmán then left for Jalapa, where he stroke a deal with the rebels, while Luis Batres Juarros convinced president Paredes to deal with Carrera; Guzmán could only get a temporary truce from the revolt leaders León Raymundo, Roberto Reyes and Agustín Pérez; however, the truce was short lived, as the rebels sacked Jalapa on June 3 and 4.  Guzman then left for El Salvador, where after a while he issued a note to the rest of liberal leaders in Central America in which he attacked the immorality and viciousness of the savage Rafael Carrera.  Guzmán and Agustín Reyes invaded Guatemala later that year, and Carrera -now Army Commander in Chief- and his officer went after them; the rebels were able to escape and head to Guatemala City who had been left with very little protection from a small garrison.  Guzmán and Reyes started a fire in Carrera's house, and then went to the National Palace to take over the government, but they were received with gunfire and a cannon that decimated their forces and wounded Guzman, who died shortly after.

Battle of La Arada

After Rafael Carrera returned from exile in 1849, Vasconcelos granted asylum to the Guatemalan liberals, who harassed the Guatemalan government in several different forms: José Francisco Barrundia did it through a liberal newspaper that had been established with that specific goal; Vasconcelos gave support during a whole year to a rebel faction "La Montaña", in eastern Guatemala, providing and distributing money and weapons. By late 1850, Vasconcelos was getting impatient due to the slowness of the progress of the war with Guatemala and decided to plan an open attack. Under that circumstance, the Salvadorean head of state started a campaign against the conservative Guatemalan regime, inviting Honduras and Nicaragua to participate in the alliance; only the Honduran government led by Juan Lindo accepted.

Meanwhile, in Guatemala, where the invasion plans were perfectly well-known, President Paredes started taking precautions to face the situation, while the Guatemalan Archbishop, Francisco García Peláez, ordered peace prayers in the archdiocese.

On 4 January 1851, Doroteo Vasconcelos and Juan Lindo met in Ocotepeque, Honduras, where they signed an alliance against Guatemala. The Salvadorean army had 4,000 men, properly trained and armed and supported by artillery; the Honduran army numbered 2,000 men. The coalition army was stationed in Metapán, El Salvador, due to its proximity with both the Guatemalan and Honduran borders.

On 28 January 1851, Vasconcelos sent a letter to the Guatemalan Ministry of Foreign Relations, in which he demanded that the Guatemalan president relinquish power, so that the alliance could designate a new head of state loyal to the liberals and that Rafael Carrera be exiled, escorted to any of the Guatemalan southern ports by a Salvadorean regiment. The Guatemalan government did not accept the terms and the Allied army entered Guatemalan territory at three different places. On 29 January, a 500-man contingent entered through Piñuelas, Agua Blanca and Jutiapa, led by General Vicente Baquero, but the majority of the invading force marched from Metapán. The Allied army was composed of 4,500 men led by Vasconcelos, as Commander in Chief. Other commanders were general José Santos Guardiola, general Ramón Belloso, general José Trinidad Cabañas, and general Gerardo Barrios. Guatemala was able to recruit 2,000 men, led by Lieutenant General Carrera as Commander in Chief and several colonels.

Carrera's strategy was to feign a retreat, forcing the enemy forces to follow the "retreating" troops to a place he had previously chosen; on February 1, 1851, both armies were facing each other with only the San José river between them. Carrera had fortified the foothills of La Arada, its summit about  above the level of the river. A meadow  deep lay between the hill and the river, and boarding the meadow was a sugar cane plantation. Carrera divided his army in three sections: the left wing was led by Cerna and Solares; the right wing led by Bolaños. He personally led the central battalion, where he placed his artillery. Five hundred men stayed in Chiquimula to defend the city and to aid in a possible retreat, leaving only 1,500 Guatemalans against an enemy of 4,500.

Carreras strategy work to perfection: The final count of the Allied losses were 528 dead, 200 prisoners, 1,000 rifles, 13,000 rounds of ammunition, many pack animals and baggage, 11 drums and seven artillery pieces. Vasconcelos sought refuge in El Salvador, while two Generals mounted on the same horse were seen crossing the Honduran border. Carrera regrouped his army and crossed the Salvadorean border, occupying Santa Ana, before he received orders from Paredes, to return to Guatemala, since the Allies were requesting a cease-fire and a peace treaty.

Death

After his victory in La Arada, Carrera was named president of Guatemala, and even President for Life in 1854.  Paredes was a loyal member of his army then.  In 1856, President Carrera sent general Paredes to Nicaragua in 1856 to participate in the National War of Nicaragua against William Walker as part of the Allied Army Central and commander of the Guatemalan expedition. He led his troops through Nicaraguan territory and then joined the column under colonel José Víctor Zavala with whom he went to Cojutepeque, achieving a landslide victory. However, there he got ill with cholera morbus and died without being able to complete his mission; Zavala took over and eventually helped the Allied Central American Army defect Walker.

References

Bibliography

Notes

External links

1800 births
1856 deaths
Military personnel from Guatemala City
Presidents of Guatemala
Liberal Party (Guatemala) politicians
Rafael Carrera


Salvador Sánchez Cerén (; born 18 June 1944) is a Salvadoran politician who served as the 42nd President of El Salvador between 1 June 2014 and 1 June 2019. He took office on 1 June 2014, after winning the 2014 presidential election as the candidate of the left-wing Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). He previously served as Vice President under President Mauricio Funes from 2009 to 2014. He was also a guerrilla leader in the Civil War and is the first and only ex-rebel to serve as president.

Early life
Sánchez Cerén was born in Quezaltepeque in the department of La Libertad, and was the ninth of twelve children, three of his siblings died at young age. His parents struggled to raise nine children. His father, Antonio Alfonso Sánchez was a carpenter and his mother, Dolores Hernández was a merchant. Salvador Sánchez Cerén at a young age had to work with his family to help the family survive. At a young age he was exposed to collective work. His working-class background has always characterized Salvador Sánchez Cerén as a man of communal living, anti-free trade, and redistribution of wealth. He attended Escuela de Varones José Dolores La Reynaga for his middle school education. He attended Alberto Masferrer School in San Salvador and it was there where his political consciousness and participation developed.  After graduating as a teacher, he taught for ten years in public and rural schools.

Political ideology
His political ideology derives from the various revolutionary left-wing organizations of which he was a member. He became politically active in the late 1960s when he was a student at Alberto Masferrer School, but he was not part of any political organization until he was introduced to the Unified Popular Action Front (FUAR or Frente Unido de Accion Revolucionaria). The FUAR exposed him for the first time to the political arena and allowed his involvement in the student movement.

He was a member of the PRAM (Partido Revolucionario Abril y Mayo), a political party that was against the dictatorship and advocated anti-imperialism. Then he joined (UDN) Union Democratic Nacionalista and PAR (Partido Accion Renovadora). He was also a participant of the (UNO) Union Nacional Oppositora as a member of the UDN. In essence his experience and the things he learned in San Salvador at Masferrer school from his peers he took back to his town and began to implement it. He was an active member of the ANDES 21 de Junio, a teachers union that practiced and believed in the ideas of Paulo Freire and his analysis on pedagogy. In the 1970s he joined the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación "Farabundo Martí" (FPL), one of the five left-wing organizations, all of differing Marxist–Leninist tendencies, that later merged to form the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN).

Commander Leonel González
With the start of the Salvadoran Civil War in 1980, Sánchez Cerén adopted the pseudonym Commander Leonel González, as he was also appointed to the position of "comandante" or commander.

In 1984 Sánchez Cerén became a Commanding General of the FMLN, until the signing of the Chapultepec Peace Accords in 1992, when the guerrillas surrendered their weapons and became a legal political party. Under the leadership of Sánchez Cerén, the FMLN conducted itself in the following manner, according to US Ambassador Charles Glazer in a classified diplomatic cable:

The FMLN leadership described its ideology during the war in a document called "Fundamental Programs for the Salvadoran Revolution," a guerrilla manifesto captured from FMLN Commander Nidia Diaz (who would join Sánchez Cerén as an FMLN politician in the Salvadoran legislature) in April 1985. The FMLN's "fundamental programs" included the following points in 1991:

 "To establish economic, political, cultural, technical and social bases to build the construction of socialism."
 "The construction of democracy and socialism."
 "Our organization is a working class party. Our ideology is Marxism-Leninism."

Political career
In 2000, Sánchez Cerén was elected as a deputy for the FMLN in the Legislative Assembly and was re-elected in 2003 and 2006. Between 2001 and 2004 he served as the general coordinator of his party. In 2006, following the death of Salvadoran Communist Party leader and FMLN Commander Schafik Handal, he succeeded Handal as head of the legislative portion of the FMLN. In April 2007 he was chosen as the running mate of Mauricio Funes in the 2009 presidential election. Funes and Sánchez Cerén defeated the ruling Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA).

President of El Salvador

Salvador Sánchez Cerén was sworn in as president. El Salvador held presidential elections. Sánchez Cerén was the FMLN's presidential candidate, and gained support. According to Salvadoran law, a candidate must obtain 50% + 1 vote in order to win presidential elections. Sánchez Cerén attained the leading votes in the elections on 2 February but not the majority enough to win, so he and Norman Quijano competed in the second round. Sánchez Cerén received 50.11% of the vote, compared with 49.89% for Quijano in an election contested as fraudulent by the opposing candidate.

Since October 2016, his government and the FMLN have defended a project of partial legalization of abortion (in case of rape or of danger for the life of the mother) but have had to contend with the right-wing opposition which has blocked the reforms in parliament.

In April 2017, El Salvador became the first country in the world to forbid the mining of metal on its territory, for environmental and public health reasons.

In August 2018, his government decided to establish diplomatic relationship with the People's Republic of China.

Personal life
In July 2023 he was sanctioned by the United States State department for “significant corruption by laundering money” during his tenure as Vice President

References

External links

 Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)

|-

|-

1944 births
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front politicians
Living people
Members of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador
People from Quezaltepeque
People of the Salvadoran Civil War
Presidents of El Salvador
Presidents pro tempore of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
Salvadoran Roman Catholics
Vice presidents of El Salvador
Education ministers of El Salvador
Individuals sanctioned by the United States Department of State


Davy Crockett was a five-part serial which aired on ABC from 1954-1955 in one-hour episodes, on the Disneyland series. The series starred Fess Parker as real-life frontiersman Davy Crockett and Buddy Ebsen as his friend, George Russel. The first three and last two episodes were respectively edited into the theatrical films Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier (released in 1955) and Davy Crockett and the River Pirates (1956). This series and film are known for the catchy theme song, "The Ballad of Davy Crockett".

Episodes
Walt Disney produced weekly one-hour television programs for ABC as part of a deal that allowed him to build the Disneyland theme park. Disney wished to highlight historical figures, and his company developed three episodes on Crockett – "Davy Crockett, Indian Fighter", "Davy Crockett Goes to Congress", and "Davy Crockett at the Alamo", broadcast December 1954–February 1955. They were shot on color film at the Great Smoky Mountains National Park at the Mountain Farm Museum adjacent to the Oconaluftee Visitor Center, near Qualla Reservation's entrance; and at Janss Conejo Ranch, California. Crockett's death at the Battle of the Alamo is not actually shown; Crockett, the last survivor in the battle, is seen on the parapet swinging his rifle at the oncoming hordes of Mexican soldiers. The picture fades and the flag of Texas is shown flying in the breeze as the male chorus reprises the last lines of "The Ballad of Davy Crockett". The first three episodes of the serial were edited together as the theatrical film Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier (1955).

Although the historical Crockett perished at the Alamo, two other TV segments followed in November–December 1955: "Davy Crockett's Keelboat Race" and "Davy Crockett and the River Pirates", filmed in Cave-In-Rock, Illinois. These episodes were edited together as the theatrical film Davy Crockett and the River Pirates (1956). Crockett faces off against Mike Fink, another early American legend. In "Davy Crockett and the River Pirates", the men pick up a traveling minstrel (Walter Catlett), who unknown to them is in league with local river bandits. On their way to get horses, from friendly Chickasaw tribesmen, Davy and Georgie are kidnapped by a group of Chickasaws, because white men have been murdering members of their tribe. Crockett and Fink discover that the river pirates led by Samuel Mason, portrayed by Mort Mills, are impersonating Indians.

Cast
Kenneth Tobey, later of the syndicated television adventure series Whirlybirds, starred as Jim Bowie in the "Alamo" segment and then as Jocko in the two later episodes. Future Zorro star George J. Lewis portrayed Chickasaw chief Black Eagle. Thirty-three-year-old Don Megowan was cast as 26-year-old William Travis. Pat Hogan portrayed Chief Red Stick. William Bakewell portrayed Major Tobias Norton and in the final episodes as a keelboat race Master of Ceremonies.

York, Parker, Tobey and Megowan met again as cast members for The Great Locomotive Chase.

Popularity
According to historians Randy Roberts and James Olson, "by the end of the three shows, Fess Parker was very well known, the power of television was fully recognized, and Davy Crockett was the most famous frontiersman in American history".

By the end of 1955, Americans had purchased over $300 million worth of Davy Crockett merchandise, including coonskin caps and bubble gum cards. Fess Parker later claimed he lost millions because a contract granting him a percentage of the merchandising sales was voided, as being with Walt Disney personally rather than Walt Disney Productions.

The shows sparked heated debate, with many questioning whether Crockett was really deserving of the amount of attention that he was receiving. Later writers also questioned the series' historical accuracy. Nevertheless, the shows proved very popular. They were combined into a feature-length movie in the summer of 1955, and Parker and his co-star Buddy Ebsen toured the United States, Europe, and Japan. In the following years, Disney made less successful miniseries based on other historical American heroes including Elfego Baca, Texas John Slaughter, and Francis Marion.

Legacy
The Davy Crockett shows were repeated on NBC in the 1960s after Disney had moved his program to that network. The 1960 repeats marked the first time that the programs had actually been shown in color on TV.

In 1971 Disneyland renamed their Indian War Canoes ride to Davy Crockett Explorer Canoes in reference to the miniseries, with the guides wearing the iconic Coonskin caps.

Walt Disney Home Video released the two theatrical films on DVD as Davy Crockett - Two Movie Set, on September 7, 2004. On November 15, 2015, the films were released on Blu-ray on a "60th Anniversary Edition" set through the Disney Movie Club.

A three-episode 1988–89 revival was made entitled The New Adventures of Davy Crockett, in which Tim Dunigan took over Fess Parker's famous role. Johnny Cash played an older Davy in a few scenes set before he went to Texas. In 2002, Disney (under its Touchstone Pictures label) revisited the subject of Davy Crockett and the Alamo, with the film The Alamo. The film, however, was a significant box-office failure.

See also
 Daniel Boone

References

Bibliography

External links

1954 American television series debuts
1955 American television series endings
American Broadcasting Company original programming
1950s American television miniseries
Black-and-white American television shows
Cultural depictions of Davy Crockett
Television shows set in Tennessee
Television shows set in Texas
Television shows set in Kentucky
Television shows set in New Orleans
American folklore films and television series
1950s Western (genre) television series
Television series by Disney
Television shows adapted into comics


The 97th Bombardment Wing is an inactive United States Army Air Forces unit. Its last assignment was with 9th Bombardment Division, at Camp Shanks, New York, where it was inactivated on 11 October 1945.

History
The wing was activated in late November 1943 at Marks Hall, England.  It was assigned three Douglas A-20 Havoc groups in the spring of 1944 and conducted combat missions from April 1944 until VE Day.  In late 1944 and early 1945, its groups converted to the more capable Douglas A-26 Invader.  In October 1945 the wing returned to the United States and was inactivated.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 97th Combat Bombardment Wing (Medium) on 2 November 1943
 Activated on 12 November 1943
 Redesignated 97th Combat Bombardment Wing, Light in July 1944
 Redesignated 97th Bombardment Wing, Medium in June 1945
 Inactivated on 11 October 1945

Assignments
 9th Bombardment Division, 12 November 1943 – 11 October 1945

Stations
 Marks Hall, England (Station 160), 12 November 1943
 RAF Little Walden (AAF-165), England, 13 March 1944
 Voisenon, France, 13 September 1944
 Marchais, Aisne, France, 13 February 1945
 Arrancy, France, 25 April 1945
 Sandaucourt, France, 24 May – 1 October 1945
 Camp Shanks, New York, 10–11 October 1945

Components
 409th Bombardment Group: 7 March 1944 – 15 August 1945
 410th Bombardment Group: 4 April 1944 – June 1945
 416th Bombardment Group: 4 February 1944 – 27 July 1945 4 (under the operational control of 99th Combat Bombardment Wing, until c. 20 March 1944, IX Bomber Command, 11 – 18 September 1944 and 99th Combat Bombardment Wing, 19 – 28 September 1944)

References

Notes

Bibliography

Military units and formations established in 1943
097


The Ernest Tubb Story is an album by American country singer Ernest Tubb, released in 1959 (see 1959 in music). It was originally released as a double-LP album.

The album consists of all previously released material that was re-recorded in stereo. It is out of print but most of the songs are available on various Tubb compilations and are taken from these versions.

Reception

In his AllMusic review, Bruce Eder wrote of the album "Some of the best work here, however, is on the Tubb solo vocal tracks such as "Blue Christmas." By this time, Tubb's voice had mellowed and softened to a rich, highly flexible baritone, more expressive than it had ever been before."

Track listing
 "I'll Get Along Somehow" (Ernest Tubb)
 "Slipping Around" (Floyd Tillman)
 "Filipino Baby" (Billy Cox, Clarke Van Ness)
 "When the World Has Turned You Down" (Tubb)
 "Have You Ever Been Lonely (Have You Ever Been Blue)" (George Brown, Peter De Rose)
 "There's a Little Bit of Everything in Texas" (Tubb)
 "Walking the Floor Over You" (Tubb)
 "Driftwood on the River" (Bob Miller, John Klenner)
 "There's Nothing More to Say" (Tubb)
 "Rainbow at Midnight" (Lost John Miller)
 "I'll Always Be Glad to Take You Back" (Tubb)
 "Let's Say Goodbye Like We Said Hello" (Tubb, Jimmie Skinner)
 "Careless Darlin'" (Tubb, Bob Shelton, Lou Wayne)
 "Don't Rob Another Man's Castle" (Jenny Lou Carson)
 "I Wonder Why You Said Goodbye" (Tubb)
 "Last Night I Dreamed" (Tubb)
 "Letters Have No Arms" (Cindy Walker)
 "Though the Days Were Only Seven" (Tubb, Ruth Smith)
 "I Love You Because" (Leon Payne)
 "You Nearly Lose Your Mind" (Tubb)
 "I Will Miss You When You Go" (Tubb, Henry Stewart)
 "It's Been So Long, Darling" (Tubb)
 "Tomorrow Never Comes" (Tubb, Johnny Bond)
 "Blue Christmas" (Billy Hayes, Jay W. Johnson)

Personnel
Ernest Tubb – vocals, guitar
Billy Byrd – guitar
Grady Martin – guitar
Howard Johnson – guitar
Buddy Emmons – pedal steel guitar
Jack Drake – bass
Farris Coursey – drums
Tommy Jackson – fiddle
Floyd Cramer – piano
The Jordanaires – background vocals
Anita Kerr Singers – background vocals

References

Albums produced by Owen Bradley
1959 compilation albums
Ernest Tubb compilation albums
Decca Records compilation albums
Decca Records albums


Vice-Admiral Lord Henry Paulet KCB (31 March 1767 – 28 January 1832) was an officer in the Royal Navy who saw service in the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Born into the British nobility as a younger son of the Marquess of Winchester, he rose through the ranks and had gained his own command by the early stages of the French Revolutionary Wars. He was involved in a number of famous engagements during his career, such as the capture of the French frigate Gloire in 1795, though he narrowly missed out on seeing direct action at two of the most significant naval battles of the wars with the French. The first was the Battle of Cape St Vincent, where he had left Jervis's fleet a few days previously, the second was the Battle of Copenhagen, where he remained with Sir Hyde Parker's reserve squadron. He nevertheless rose through the ranks to reach vice-admiral, despite an incident that saw him court-martialled and dismissed, only to be reinstated by the intervention of the King; and a tendency to eccentricity. He married towards the end of the wars with France, and had several children. Paulet served as one of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty from 1813, and was installed as a Knight Commander of the Bath in 1815, but ill-health forced his retirement from active service shortly afterwards, and he would die of cancer in 1832.

Family and early life
Henry Paulet was born in 1767, the younger son of George Paulet, 12th Marquess of Winchester, and a brother to Charles Paulet, the future 13th Marquess of Winchester. Paulet joined the navy as a midshipman during the later years of the American War of Independence. He spent 11 years at this rank, during which time he was present at Admiral Sir George Rodney's victory at the Battle of the Saintes.  He was made junior lieutenant aboard  at Spithead in early February 1789. The Crown then became flagship of Commodore William Cornwallis, who sailed with a squadron to India.  Paulet reached Tenerife with the ship, but on the squadron's arrival there he was transferred to the frigate  in exchange for one of the Phoenixs lieutenants.  Paulet completed the voyage to India with the Phoenix, but shortly after his arrival he learnt that he was not to be taken back aboard the Crown. He was invalided back to Britain aboard the East Indiaman Houghton.

Promotion and command
Paulet was appointed to  in 1791, still as a lieutenant, though he was moved to  in April 1792. On 20 February 1793 Paulet received a promotion to master and commander, and command of the sloop . He commanded the Nautilus as part of John Laforey's naval force that captured Tobago on 15 April 1793. He was promoted again to post-captain on 9 January 1794 and was given command of  by Sir John Jervis. Paulet served as flag captain to Commodore Charles Thompson at the capture of Martinique.

Command of HMS Astraea

After this success, Paulet returned to Britain and was given command of the 32-gun fifth rate , cruising in the English Channel under the orders of Sir John Colpoys. While sailing in thick fog on 10 April 1795 three sails were spotted through a break. Identifying them as enemy frigates Paulet gave chase to one of them. He closed the distance, and after foiling an attempt from the French ship to rake the Astraea, Paulet came alongside and the two ships exchanged broadsides for nearly an hour before the French ship struck. She was discovered to be the 42-gun Gloire, with 275 men aboard. She had suffered casualties of 40 killed and wounded, while Astraea, of 32 guns and 212 men, had only eight wounded. For this feat Paulet was awarded the Naval Gold Medal.

Command of HMS Thalia
Paulet's next command was the 36-gun frigate HMS Thalia, attached to Lord Bridport's fleet. He was present at the Battle of Groix, afterwards taking on board the fleet's flag captain, William Domett, and one of the captured French captains. The Thalia almost ran onto rocks while rounding Ushant, but Paulet was able to get her off safely. While returning to the fleet two frigates were spotted in the distance, which Domett feared might be French. In reply Paulet pointed to the guns on the maindeck and said 'Never mind Domett, those are 18-pounders, and hit hard.'

Paulet and the Thalia continued to serve in the Channel until January 1797, when they were sent with Rear-Admiral William Parker to reinforce John Jervis's fleet prior to the Battle of Cape St Vincent. Thalia was not present at the battle though, having been attached to the Mediterranean Fleet a few days earlier. While in the Mediterranean he captured the 16-gun corvette Espoir, and several French and Spanish privateers.

It was about this time that an incident occurred that temporarily clouded his career. In a moment of anger he struck one of the Thalias lieutenants, Robert Forbes. He was brought to court-martial on 12 June 1798 aboard , and the offence being proved, the court had no choice but to dismiss him from the service. In view of the mitigating circumstances, the court recommended that Paulet be considered for clemency by King George III. The King was pleased to follow the recommendation and reinstated Paulet in the service.

Paulet then received command of the 74-gun . He went with Sir Hyde Parker to the Baltic in 1801 and while he and the Defence were present at the Battle of Copenhagen, they were kept with Parker's reserve squadron and took no part in the fighting.

The Defence was paid off with the conclusion of the Treaty of Amiens in 1802, though the resumption of hostilities led to Paulet's return to service as captain of . He commanded her in the blockades of the French and Spanish ports, and by 1806 he was in the West Indies. In August that year the Terrible was caught in a hurricane, completely dismasted and almost wrecked.

Personal and later life
Paulet was something of an eccentric. On one occasion, while his ship was moored at Spithead, he asked his admiral for permission to take leave to visit London. This was refused, with the comment that Paulet could travel as far on land as he could get in his barge. Thus challenged, Paulet loaded his barge onto a cart and went off to London anyway.

He became a Colonel of Royal Marines on 1 August 1811, and advanced to rear-admiral on 12 August 1812. He replaced William Johnstone Hope as one of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty in 1813, holding the position until being forced to retire in 1816 due to ill health. On 2 January 1815, Paulet was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, and in 1819 was promoted to vice-admiral. On 26 October 1813, he married Anna-Maria Ravenscroft, with whom he had two sons and three daughters.

Increasingly ill during his last years from cancer, that it was believed had been brought on by a fall against a slide of one of the carronades aboard the Terrible,  Paulet died on 28 January 1832 at his seat of Westhill Lodge, Tichfield, Hampshire. He was buried in the family vault at Amport on 3 February. His eldest son Henry Charles Paulet was created a Baronet in his honour in 1836 (see Paulet Baronets).

Notes

References

1767 births
1832 deaths
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Royal Navy admirals
Lords of the Admiralty
Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Younger sons of marquesses
Henry


St. Marys River  is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipality of the District of Staint Mary's in Guysborough County. It is named after the river of the same name.

References
St. Marys River on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


ABNA may refer to any of the following:
Abna', a group of Persians in early Islamic Yemen
 AhlulBayt News Agency (ABNA), Iran
 Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award
 Australasian Biospecimen Network Association


Lundy is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipality of the District of Guysborough in Guysborough County.

References
Lundy on Destination Nova Scotia
Lundy History

Communities in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Hesperonychus (meaning "western claw") was a small, carnivorous dinosaur. It was a member of the family Dromaeosauridae, along with its larger relatives Deinonychus and Velociraptor. There is one described species, Hesperonychus elizabethae. The type species was named in honor of Dr. Elizabeth Nicholls of the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology who collected it as a student in 1982. It is known from fossils recovered from the lowermost strata of the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, dating to the late Cretaceous  (Campanian stage) about 76.5 million years ago. Though known from partial remains, researchers have estimated that it was a small dinosaur measuring about  long and weighing between , making it the smallest carnivorous non-avian dinosaur known from North America.

Description

Hesperonychus is known from one partial pelvic girdle, holotype specimen UALVP 48778, collected by  Dr. Elizabeth Nicholls in Dinosaur Provincial Park in 1982. The fossil remained undescribed, however, until Nick Longrich and Phil Currie published on it in 2009. A number of very small toe bones, including "sickle claws", in the collection of the Royal Tyrrell Museum also belong to Hesperonychus. The gracile appearance of these toe bones makes it unlikely that they belonged to a member of Eudromaeosauria. Despite their small size, the pubic bones were fused, a characteristic of adult dinosaurs, indicating that the specimen does not represent a juvenile of a known species.

Classification

A phylogenetic analysis performed by Longrich and Currie found Hesperonychus to be a member of the Microraptorinae, a clade of small dromaeosaurids previously thought to be restricted to the Early Cretaceous of Asia. The authors described this find as "remarkable"; the previously youngest known microraptorine was Microraptor itself from the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous, so the discovery of Hesperonychus in the Late Cretaceous Campanian stage pushed the fossil range of microraptorines forward by 45 million years. While the Late Cretaceous, North American Bambiraptor had sometimes been classified as a microraptorine, more recent studies (including those by Longrich and Currie) have found that it is more closely related to Saurornitholestes.

Hesperonychus was assigned to Microraptoria due to having a spatulate (rounded) pubic symphysis, a strong posterior curvature of the distal shaft of the pubis, and lateral tubercules on the pubes (which are expanded into 'wing-like' structures in the case of Hesperonychus).

Cladogram (2012):

Paleobiology
Microraptorines are well known for their small size and, in some cases, ability to fly or glide. Longrich and Currie concluded that it was unlikely for Hesperonychus to exhibit four wings or gliding behavior as in Microraptor, and speculated that it was more likely to be similar to Sinornithosaurus given their closer similarity in size. Nevertheless, Hesperonychus seems to show that microraptorines did not vary much in size, remaining very small relative to other dromaeosaurids throughout their history.

Aside from extending the known range of microraptorines, the discovery of Hesperonychus filled in a gap in the ecology of Late Cretaceous North America. Unlike roughly contemporary environments in Europe and Asia, North America appeared to lack very small carnivorous dinosaurs. In modern ecosystems dominated by endothermic mammals, small animal species outnumber larger ones. Since dinosaurs are also presumed to have been endotherms, the lack of small species and great number of known large species in North America was unusual. Hesperonychus helped to fill that gap, especially since, given the number of fragmentary remains and claws that have been collected (representing at least ten distinct specimens, compared to thirty of the contemporary Saurornitholestes and two of Dromaeosaurus), it appears to have been a very common feature of the Dinosaur Park Formation environment.

The next smallest carnivore in the environment was the mammal Eodelphis, which weighed only 600 grams. There does not appear to have been any overlap between the smallest dinosaurs and the largest mammals in ecosystems such as this, which Longrich and Currie explained by hypothesizing that either competition from dinosaurs kept mammals from growing larger (the traditional view), competition from mammals kept the dinosaurs from growing smaller, or both.

See also

 Timeline of dromaeosaurid research
 2009 in paleontology

References

Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
Microraptorians
Fossil taxa described in 2009
Taxa named by Philip J. Currie
Dinosaur Park fauna
Oldman fauna
Paleontology in Alberta
Campanian genus first appearances
Campanian genus extinctions


The Petit Bleu de Gascogne is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France and used for hunting in packs. Today's breed is the descendant of a large hunting dog. The Petit Bleu de Gascogne is not a small (petite) dog, the name comes from its use on small game.

Appearance
The Petit Bleu de Gascogne is directly descended from the Grand Bleu de Gascogne, a hound of ancient type. Smaller examples of the Grand Bleu de Gascogne were selected for hunting small game such as hare (the Grand Bleu de Gascogne was developed to hunt wolves, bears and boars) and eventually became a separate breed. It is a medium-large size dog, not a small dog, standing  at the withers, with females slightly smaller.

The colour of the coat is the same as the Grand Bleu de Gascogne, white mottled with black, giving a slate blue overall appearance. There are black patches on either side of the head, with a white area on top of the head which has in it a small black oval. Tan "eyebrow" marks are over each eye give a 'quatreoeuillé' (four-eyed) effect. Faults are deviations in appearance that have an effect on the health and working ability of the dog, as well as an absence of expected features of colour, structure, and size, indicating that a dog with such faults should not be bred. Faults include aggression or fearfulness, anatomical malformation, and lack of type.

The Petite Bleu de Gascogne is noted for working well in a pack and being calm and easy to handle.

History
The Grand Bleu de Gascogne's ancestors were contemporary with the St. Hubert Hounds, dogs that were hunted in packs by the 14th century Comte de Foix on wolves, bears and boars. The slightly smaller Petit Bleu de Gascogne used on small game may have existed along with the boar hunting dog for centuries.

"Petite" does not necessarily refer to the size of the dogs, but refers to the French expression for hounds used for smaller game.

Health and temperament
No unusual health problems or claims of extraordinary health have been documented for this breed. Temperament of individual dogs may vary, but in general dogs bred to be pack hunting dogs do not make good pets.

See also
 Dogs portal
 List of dog breeds
 Anglo-French and French Hounds
 Dog terminology
 Grand Bleu de Gascogne
 Griffon Bleu de Gascogne
 Basset Bleu de Gascogne

References

External links

 Search The Open Directory Project (DMOZ) links for clubs and information about the Petite Bleu de Gascogne

FCI breeds
Scent hounds
Dog breeds originating in France


The Alberta Footy Women's League (AFWL) is the largest women's Australian football league playing regular matches in North America. It is currently composed of teams from Calgary and Edmonton, Alberta, who play for the AFWL Premiership Cup.

The AFWL, along with the Ontario Australian Football League and North West Pacific Football League is a member of AFL Canada, the governing body for the sport in Canada.  In 2008, the AFWL had around 90 senior players consisting of over 70 Canadian nationals.

History
The league grew out of intra-club matches organized by the Calgary Kookaburras in 2007.  A move was made the next season to formalize the league, and Calgary's players were drafted into two clubs based in inner-suburban Calgary - Hillhurst and Kensington.

The 2008 season ran from May to September and consisted of 12 rounds of matches.  Hillhurst won the inaugural Premiership when they defeated Kensington 5.0.30 to 1.7.13 at Queen Elizabeth School on September 28, 2008.

The Edmonton Emus were founded in 2009 to become the AFWL's third team and bring women's footy to central Alberta for the first time.  The 2009 season ran from May to September, featuring five rounds of double-header matches and a finals series.  Hillhurst defeated Edmonton 12.9.81 to 0.0.0 in the Preliminary Final and went on to defeat Kensington in the Grand Final - 5.7.37 to 1.7.13 - at McNally High School (Edmonton) on September 19, 2009.

Premiers

Clubs

Current Clubs

See also

List of Australian rules football women's leagues

References

External links

Alberta
Australian rules football leagues in Canada
Sports leagues in Alberta
Sports leagues established in 2008
2008 establishments in Alberta
Women in Alberta


"Sonderzug nach Pankow" (,  Special Train to Pankow) is a song by the German rock singer Udo Lindenberg, released as a single on 2 February 1983. It was a reaction to the refusal of the West German singer's wish to perform a concert in East Germany by the East German administration in charge. The song's lyrics refer directly to East German leader Erich Honecker, who took offense to the song. The melody is based on the 1941 swing classic "Chattanooga Choo Choo" by Glenn Miller.

Origin

In a radio interview with Sender Freies Berlin on 5 March 1979, Lindenberg expressed a wish to give a concert in East Berlin, the Soviet sector of Berlin. The interview was recorded in East Germany  and presented one day later as information from the State Committee for Broadcasting, Monitor Department, to the SED's chief ideologist and cultural officer, Kurt Hager. On 9 March 1979, Hager handwrote on the release: "An appearance in the GDR is out of the question".
Four years later, in response to this rejection, Lindenberg wrote a German lyric insulting the leader of East Germany, Erich Honecker, and set it to the 1941 Glenn Miller song "Chattanooga Choo Choo". Honecker is portrayed as an ossified and hypocritical man who officially endorses the ideology of the  Soviet government, but is inside a rocker and secretly listens to western radio.

Title and lyrics
The title's reference to the District of Pankow, Berlin, is based on the fact that during the Cold War, "Pankow" was synonymous with the seat of government of the Soviet-occupied zone. The Schönhausen Palace in Pankow was the location of the seat of President from 1949 to 1960, followed by the State Council of East Germany until 1964. The adjacent Majakowskiring seated the representatives of the East German Government until their move to Wandlitz. At the end of the song, a station announcement can be heard, spoken in Russian. It says: "Tоварищ Эрих, между прочим, Верховный Совет не имеет ничего против гастролей господина Линденберга в ГДР!" (in English: "Comrade Erich, by the way, the Supreme Soviet has nothing against Mr Lindenberg's tour of the GDR!"), a further insult to Honecker.

Release

Reception
This song remained in the West German music charts from 19 March 1983 to 6 May 1983 for seven weeks, spending four weeks at number five. The reaction to the song led to the first and only concert by Lindenberg in East Germany, on 25 October 1983. The concert took place during the Rock für den Frieden ("Rock for Peace") festival in Berlin's Palast der Republik, but Lindenberg was not allowed to sing this song then. A planned tour through East Germany in the following year was cancelled. "Sonderzug nach Pankow" became a cult song in East Germany and is one of Lindenberg's most famous songs.

Letter
Lindenberg wrote a letter to Honecker on 16 February 1983, enclosing the song in the envelope. The letter read: "Let a real German plain-language rocker rock the GDR. Show yourself from your easy-going and flexible side, show us your humour and your sovereignty and let the nightingale of Billerbeck raise her magic voice. Don't look at it so narrowly and pinchedly, comrade Honey, and give your okay for my GDR tour."

Political reception
The disrespectful song lyrics upset Honecker. In August 1983, Lindenberg's advisor Michael Gaißmayer wrote a letter in an attempt to clear the air. Free German Youth (FDJ) leader Egon Krenz then invited Lindenberg to play four of his songs at an FDJ peace concert with artists from all over the world at the Palace of the Republic in East Berlin.

On 25 October 1983, Lindenberg gave his first and only performance in the GDR until the Fall of the Berlin Wall. It took place at the Rock for Peace festival in front of 4,200 people in the Palace of the Republic, but Lindenberg did not sing "Sonderzug nach Pankow" at the request of the GDR leadership. A tour of the GDR planned by Lindenberg for the following year did not take place; the guest tour was finally cancelled in February 1984.

Lindenberg's line in the song that Honecker secretly also liked to wear leather jackets was added in 1987. He sent Honecker a leather jacket that year, which was answered by Honecker with a thank-you letter in which he described rock music as compatible with the ideals of the GDR. Furthermore, Honecker wrote that he would pass the leather jacket on to the Central Council of the FDJ so that they could give it to a rock fan. The letter also included a shawm as a gift for Lindenberg. Honecker had played this instrument during his youth. When Honecker was in Wuppertal on 9 September 1987 during a state visit, Lindenberg gave him an electric guitar with the inscription "Gitarren statt Knarren". (Guitars instead of guns.)

References

External links
 Lyrics in German
 English translation of the lyrics

Music in Berlin
German rock songs
Political songs
Pankow
Songs about trains
Songs about politicians
Cultural depictions of German men
Songs about Germany
Songs in German
Cold War in popular culture
Udo Lindenberg songs


The Faroe Islands Cup 2009 started on March 28, 2009 and ended on July 29, 2009. The defending champions were two-time winners EB/Streymur.

Only the first teams of Faroese football clubs are allowed to participate. The Preliminary Round involved only teams from first, second and third deild. Teams from the highest division entered the competition in the First Round.

Preliminary round

First round

Quarterfinals

Semifinals

First legs

Second legs

Final

Top goalscorers

External links
 Official site
 soccerandequipment.com
 Faroe Islands Cup on rsssf.com

References

Faroe Islands Cup seasons
Cup
Faroe Islands Cup


Phillips Harbour is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in  The Municipality of the District of Guysborough in Guysborough County.

References
Phillips Harbour on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Anderson Field (Rockwell Field) was the first airport to serve Las Vegas, Nevada.  The north boundary of the airfield was the present day Sahara Avenue,  with the present day Paradise Road serving as the western boundary.

History
Construction on the field began when the surface was leveled.

The airfield opened on Thanksgiving Day, 1920.

The land for the airport was purchased on December 21, 1925, by the Rockwell Brothers.  Airmail service was initiated on April 17, 1926, from Los Angeles, California, by Western Air Express. Western continued to use the field until 1929 when they moved to the new Alamo Landing Field at the site of the current Nellis Air Force Base.

See also
Nye County, Nevada, also has a geographic flat called Anderson Field.

References

Defunct airports in Nevada
Airports in Clark County, Nevada
Airports established in 1920
Transportation in the Las Vegas Valley


Antigastra is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel, 1833)
Antigastra longipalpis Swinhoe, 1894
Antigastra morysalis (Walker, 1859)

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Julius Lederer


Nantlle Vale F.C () are a Welsh football club from Penygroes, near Caernarfon, formed around 1920. They play in the Ardal Leagues North West, which is at tier three of the Welsh football pyramid

History
They were notorious in the early 1970s for their very robust style of play, when the team featured noted hard men such as player-manager Orig Williams – a professional wrestler by trade, who fought under the stage name El Bandito – and defender Idris Evans, better known by his nickname of Tarw Nefyn (the Nefyn Bull). Williams was once famously sent off in only the third minute of a match at Bangor City. His autobiography Cario'r Ddraig was published in the 1990s.

Honours

League
 Caernarfon & District League:
 Champions (1): 2000–01
 Gwynedd League:
 Champions (1): 1987–88
 Gwyrfai League:
 Champions (1): 1924
 Welsh League Division One (North)
 Champions (1): 1959–60
 Welsh League Second Division (East)
 Champions (2)

Cups
 Amateur Cup:
 Winners (2): 1973–74, 1974–75
 Barritt Cup:
 Winners (1): 2001–02
 Challenge Cup:
 Winners (1)
 Cooks Cup:
 Winners (1): 1938–39
 Cookson Cup:
 Winners (1): 1959–60
 Intermediate Cup:
 Winners (1): 1975–76
 Lleyn & District Cup:
 Winners (1): 1938–39
 Moorings Cup:
 Winners (3): 1989–90, 1999–2000, 2000–01
 Penrhyn Cup:
 Winners (1): 1973–74
 President Cup:
 Winners (1): 2002–03
 Snowdonia Shield:
 Winners (1): 1987–88
 North Wales Coast FA Junior Challenge Cup:
 Winners (1): 2000-01

Source: Nantlle Vale Football Club – The Official Nantlle Valley Website, Welsh Alliance League

References

External links
Official Website
Nantlle Vale Football Club – The Official Nantlle Valley Website

Football clubs in Wales
Welsh Alliance League clubs
Ardal Leagues clubs
Caernarfon & District League clubs
Gwynedd League clubs
Welsh League North clubs
Bangor & District League clubs
North Wales Coast League clubs


Robert Dick was a Scottish geologist and botanist.

Robert Dick may also refer to:
 Robert Dick (salt-grieve), 17th century merchant and inspector of salt works, imprisoned on the Bass Rock
 Robert Dick (flutist) (born 1950), American flutist and composer
 Robert P. Dick (1823–1898), American jurist
 Robert Dick (cricketer) (1889–1983), English cricketer
 Robert Henry Dick (1785–1846), Scottish soldier
 Robert Burns Dick (1868–1954), British architect, city planner and artist

See also
 Robert H. Dicke (1916–1997), American physicist
 Robert Dicks


Antiscopa is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It was first described by Eugene Munroe in 1964. This genus is endemic to New Zealand. The type species of this genus is Antiscopa epicomia.

Species
This genus contains the following species:
Antiscopa acompa (Meyrick, 1884)
Antiscopa elaphra (Meyrick, 1884)
Antiscopa epicomia (Meyrick, 1884)

References

Scopariinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Eugene G. Munroe
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Endemic moths of New Zealand


Anydraula is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
 Anydraula glycerialis (Walker, 1859)
 Anydraula pericompsa (Turner, 1915)

References

Acentropinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick


Chanel College, Masterton is a Catholic secondary school situated in Masterton, New Zealand. The school is named after St Peter Chanel, who was a French Marist priest killed on the Pacific island of Futuna in 1841.  The school was established in 1978. It resulted from the amalgamation of two schools, St Joseph's College for Boys (founded in 1945) operated by the Marist Brothers and St Bride's College for Girls which had been established in 1898 by the Brigidine Sisters. The College, which is located on the old St Joseph's College site, became an Integrated School in November 1981. It is owned by the Wellington Archdiocese with the Archbishop of Wellington being named as its proprietor in the college's integration agreement with the New Zealand Government.

Alumni/ae

Ex-pupils of Chanel College or its predecessor schools, St Bride's College and St Joseph's College.
 Barry Barclay, MNZM (1944–2008), Māori filmmaker and writer (Ngati Apa)
 Phillipa "Pip" Brown (born 1979), singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist (known as Ladyhawke)
 John Atcherley Cardinal Dew (born 1948), 6th Archbishop of Wellington (2005–present)
 Marty Berry (born 1966), All Black in 1986 and 1993
 Kieran McAnulty (born 1985), New Zealand Labour Party MP
 Patrick Edward O'Connor (1932–2014), Monsignor; Catholic priest; Ecclesiastical Superior of the Roman Catholic Mission Sui Iuris of Tokelau (1992–2011)
 Liz Perry (born 1987), New Zealand cricketer and international hockey player
 Paul Quinn (born 1951) - businessman, former rugby union player and Member of Parliament for the National Party

Notes

Sources

 Claire Hills (ed), The story of Catholic education in the Wairarapa: 50th Jubilee, 25–27 August 1995: St. Joseph's College, Chanel College, St. Joseph's Golden Jubilee Committee, Masterton, New Zealand 1995.
 Helena M Fouhy, One love, many faces : Brigidines in New Zealand, 1898–1998, Congregation of St Brigid, Masterton 1998.
 Pat Gallagher, The Marist Brothers in New Zealand Fiji & Samoa 1876–1976, New Zealand Marist Brothers' Trust Board, Tuakau, 1976.
 Michael King, God's farthest outpost : a history of Catholics in New Zealand, Viking, Auckland 1997.
 Michael O'Meeghan S.M., Steadfast in hope : the story of the Catholic Archdiocese of Wellington 1850–2000, Dunmore press, Palmerston North, 2003.

Educational institutions established in 1978
Catholic secondary schools in the Wellington Region
Masterton
Schools in the Wairarapa
1978 establishments in New Zealand


Aphrophantis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Aphrophantis velifera, which is found on Fiji.

References

Crambinae
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Fiji
Crambidae genera


Aphytoceros is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Aphytoceros hollandiae Munroe, 1968
Aphytoceros lucusalis (Walker, 1859)
Aphytoceros subflavalis Swinhoe, 1917

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick


Apilocrocis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Apilocrocis albicupralis (Hampson, 1918)
Apilocrocis albipunctalis (Hampson, 1918)
Apilocrocis brumalis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1914)
Apilocrocis cephalis (Walker, 1859)
Apilocrocis excelsalis (Schaus, 1912)
Apilocrocis glaucosia (Hampson, 1912)
Apilocrocis novateutonialis Munroe, 1968
Apilocrocis pimalis (Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
Apilocrocis pseudocephalis Munroe, 1968
Apilocrocis steinbachi Munroe, 1968
Apilocrocis yucatanalis Munroe, 1968

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Hans Georg Amsel


Aplectropus is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Aplectropus leucopis, which is found in Yemen.

References

Pyraustinae
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Asia
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by George Hampson


Salt Springs  is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, in Antigonish County.

References
Salt Springs on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Antigonish County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


The Arboretum de Contrexéville (0.7 hectares) is an arboretum located in the thermal park (constructed 1908) in the center of Contrexéville, Vosges, Grand Est, France. It contains walking paths and is open daily without charge.

See also
 List of botanical gardens in France

References
 Je Decouvre la France entry (French)
 L'Echo des Chênaies entry (French)
 Photograph of sequoias

Gardens in Vosges (department)
Contrexeville


Apoblepta is a monotypic moth genus of moths of the Cybalomiinae subfamily of the Crambidae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1911. It contains only one species, Apoblepta epicharis, which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.

References

Cybalomiinae
Moths of Australia
Crambidae genera
Monotypic moth genera
Taxa named by Alfred Jefferis Turner


Ernesto Federico Michel (born October 12, 1970 in Paraná, Entre Ríos) is a retired male basketball player (2.00 metres) from Argentina, who competed for his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, finishing in ninth place in the overall-rankings. He was nicknamed "Nito" during his career.

References
sports-reference

1970 births
Living people
Argentine men's basketball players
Olympic basketball players for Argentina
Basketball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Paraná, Entre Ríos
Argentine people of German descent
Estudiantes de Bahía Blanca basketball players
Atenas basketball players
Quilmes de Mar del Plata basketball players
Libertad de Sunchales basketball players
Gimnasia y Esgrima de Comodoro Rivadavia basketball players


George Dickerson is an American actor, writer and poet.

George Dickerson may also refer to:
George Dickerson (baseball) (1892–1938), Major League Baseball pitcher
George W. Dickerson (1913–2002), American football player


The following are lists showing the point- and goal-scoring leaders of the National Hockey League before the league issued trophies for such achievements. The point-scoring leader has been awarded the Art Ross Trophy since the 1947–48 NHL season, and the goal-scoring leader has been awarded the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy since the 1998–99 NHL season.

NHL point-scoring leaders (1918–1947)
These are the point-scoring leaders of the NHL from the league's first season (1917–18) until the 1946–47 season. Beginning with the 1947–48 NHL season, the point scoring leader was awarded the Art Ross Trophy.

NHL goal-scoring leaders (1918–1998)
These are the goal-scoring leaders of the NHL from the league's first season (1917–18) until the 1997–98 season. Beginning with the 1998–99 NHL season, the goal-scoring leader was awarded the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy.

Notes

Scoring leaders
Scoring leaders


Apogeshna is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Apogeshna infirmalis (Möschler, 1886)
Apogeshna stenialis (Guenée, 1854)

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Eugene G. Munroe


Aponia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Aponia aponianalis (Druce, 1899)
Aponia insularis Munroe, 1964
Aponia itzalis Munroe, 1964
Aponia major Munroe, 1964
Aponia minnithalis (Druce, 1895)

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Eugene G. Munroe


Tarapacá was a Department of Peru, which existed between 1878 and 1884, when it was unconditionally ceded to Chile after the War of the Pacific under the Treaty of Ancón.

History
The department was located in southern Peru, near the Pacific Ocean. It was limited to the north by the Arica Province within Moquegua Department, in the south and east by Bolivia, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The curaca (tribal chief) of the coastal region in Tarapacá of the Kingdom of Chucuito was Felipe Lucaya, until the Spanish conquest.

In 1600, parcels Lluta, Arica, Azapa, Tarapacá were handed over to Pedro Mesia Cordova, who then handed over the valleys of Tácana and Sama.

In 1612 Pope Paolo V authorizes the establishment of the Diocese of Arequipa in which were seven jurisdictions including the district of San Marcos Arica comprising the regions of Tacna, Tarata, Sama, Ilabaya, Locumba, Putina and Tarapacá.

By 1777 the village of Arica was composed of Ilo, Tacna, Arica, Iquique, Pica, Ilabaya, Tarata, Codpa.

In 1837, the Peru–Bolivian Confederation established the  within South Peru, separating the provinces of Tacna and Tarapacá from the "Departamento de la Ley" (i.e. Arequipa).

In 1841, under Agustín Gamarra's second government a war between Peru and Bolivia took place. Gamarra was seeking to annex the former Upper Peru to Lower Peru, but was defeated at the Battle of Ingavi in 1841 by General José Ballivián. Ballivián's troops occupied Puno, Moquegua, Tacna and Tarapacá, until Peruvian José María Lavaysen's troops from Sama defeated the invading army. In Locumba, Colonel Manuel de Mendiburu also organized forces, as well as Justo Arias Aragüez in 1842.

In 1868, Tarapacá Province was separated from the department of Moquegua under the name of "Litoral Province" on December 1.

On August 17, 1878, the Department of Tarapacá was established, replacing the Litoral Province of the same name. After the War of the Pacific, the territory was occupied by Chile, and the Treaty of Ancón was signed on October 20, 1883. The territory was formally integrated into Chile on October 31, 1884.

Administrative divisions
Tarapacá was divided into two provinces:

See also
 Treaty of Ancón
 War of the Pacific
 Tacna Province (Chile)
 Litoral Department

References

External links
En la Memoria y en la Historia, a paper reflecting on the cultural and historical loss that Peru suffered with the territorial loss of Arica, Iquique and Tarapacá.

Former subdivisions of Peru


Aporocosmus is a genus of moths in the subfamily Odontiinae of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Aporocosmus lamprodeta, which is found in New Guinea and Australia, where it has been recorded from Western Australia, the Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales.

References

Odontiinae
Taxa named by Arthur Gardiner Butler
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Oceania
Crambidae genera


Esteban Pablo De la Fuente (born November 18, 1968 in Buenos Aires) is a retired Argentine male professional basketball player. At a height of 1.97 meters (6'5¾") tall, and a weight of 105 kg (232 lbs.), he played at the shooting guard and small forward positions. His number 7 jersey was retired by Quilmes (MdP), in 2013.

Professional career
De la Fuente was a two time Argentine League Finals MVP, in 1994 and 1995.

National team career
De la Fuente represented the senior men's Argentine national basketball team at the 1996 Summer Olympic Games, in Atlanta, Georgia, where his team finished in ninth place in the overall-rankings. A year earlier he helped claim Argentina's first ever gold medal in senior men's Panamerican basketball, at the 1995 Pan American Games, after defeating the United States in the final, in Mar del Plata, Argentina.

References

1968 births
Living people
Argentine men's basketball players
1990 FIBA World Championship players
Basketball players at the 1995 Pan American Games
Basketball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Independiente de General Pico basketball players
Olympic basketball players for Argentina
Pan American Games gold medalists for Argentina
Pan American Games medalists in basketball
Peñarol de Mar del Plata basketball players
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Basketball players from Buenos Aires
1998 FIBA World Championship players
Medalists at the 1995 Pan American Games
Basketball players with retired numbers


Aporodes is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Achille Guenée in 1854.

Species
Aporodes dentifascialis Christoph in Romanoff, 1887
Aporodes floralis (Hübner, 1809)
Aporodes pygmaealis Amsel, 1961

References

Odontiini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Achille Guenée
Taxa described in 1854


Spore Galactic Adventures is an expansion pack for the multigenre game  Spore, developed by Maxis Emeryville and published by Electronic Arts. The US version of the game was released on June 23, 2009. The European version was released on June 26, 2009.

Gameplay
The main feature added to the game is the Adventure Creator. This Creator allows players to create various missions, which are then populated into the Space stage in a manner similar to the other content created in the original game.  Players add elements to the adventure by dragging them from a menu and dropping them into the world. Creatures, vehicles and buildings created using the game's other editors can be selected and placed throughout the world. The player can also set creatures' behaviors from aggressive to friendly, and add speech bubbles. In addition, fixed objects from the previous stages of Spore, as well as gameplay objects like bombs and teleporters, can be added to the game.

Players can select a range of special effects and drop them into the level. Sounds can be added to the game in the same manner, although new sound files cannot be added to the game. A complexity meter exists to prevent too many objects being dropped into the game; it also enables the player to beam down and experience a planet firsthand rather than exploring it with a holographic projection.

Complementing the Adventure Creator is the Planet Creator, which is accessed from within the Adventure Creator. Players select a prebuilt planet and then edit it in a manner similar to the Adventure Creator. Elements such as temperature and atmospheric density can be adjusted using sliders. The planet's terrain is modified using terrain stamps, which are dragged and dropped from the interface. Like the Adventure Creator, a complexity meter exists to prevent too many elements being used to create the planet.

The expansion also adds a Captain Outfitter, which allows players to modify their Space stage creatures by giving them different social tools, weapons, and gear. They are then able to beam down their captains to specialized planets that have missions on them. Missions are greatly varied and may require a range of different tools. RPG elements also exist in the game, in that captains earn points from missions and are able to level up.

Adventure mode
Players can take their space captains on adventures, with each adventure having a specific goal to complete. There are a variety of adventure types, such as saving a planet from the Grox or helping a famous pop star get to his show on time. Completing each adventure awards the space captain experience points much like a role-playing video game and allows the player to choose a piece of equipment for their space captain. As a space captain gains more experience it gets better titles (determined by his empire's beliefs) such as "Thug", "Profiteer", or "Gatherer"; these titles are based on the Captain's archetype.

Development
A space-based expansion pack was first announced mid-October 2008 alongside the Creepy and Cute parts pack. On June 9, 2009, the Spore website was redesigned to prepare for a Galactic Adventure.

Reception

Spore: Galactic Adventures gained generally positive reviews according to Metacritic.com. It was praised for its adventure creator which was seen as complex yet easy to use.

References

External links

2009 video games
Biological simulation video games
Electronic Arts games
MacOS games
Maxis Sim games
Science fiction video games
Spore (2008 video game)
Video game expansion packs
Video games developed in the United States
Windows games
Single-player video games


The Inuvialuit Settlement Region, abbreviated as ISR (; ), located in Canada's western Arctic, was designated in 1984 in the Inuvialuit Final Agreement by the Government of Canada for the Inuvialuit people. It spans  of land, mostly above the tree line, and includes several subregions: the Beaufort Sea, the Mackenzie River delta, the northern portion of Yukon ("Yukon North Slope"), and the northwest portion of the Northwest Territories. The ISR includes both Crown Lands and Inuvialuit Private Lands.

The ISR is one of the four Inuit regions of Canada, collectively known as Inuit Nunangat, represented by the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ITK). The other regions include Nunatsiavut in Labrador, Nunavik in northern Quebec, and the territory of Nunavut. The ISR is the homeland of the Inuvialuit. The Inuvialuit Regional Corporation, established in 1986 as the receiver of the lands and financial compensation of the Inuvialuit Final Agreement, is controlled by the Inuvialuit population and is responsible for ISR operations. From 1996 until 2016, Nellie Cournoyea, former Premier of the Northwest Territories, was the Chair and CEO of the Board. She had been elected nine times before declining to run again. In 2016, Duane Ningaqsiq Smith, was elected to replace her and was re-elected in 2019.

The Inuvialuit Settlement Region Database contains descriptions of thousands of publications and research projects about the ISR. It is maintained by the Joint Secretariat—Inuvialuit Renewable Resource Committees and the Arctic Science and Technology Information System. Funding comes from Shell Canada and MGM Energy.

Culture

In the 2016 Canadian Census, the ISR population was 5,336 people, of which 3,110 were Inuvialuit and formed a majority in all six communities. There are no communities in the Yukon North Slope. Of the six communities in the ISR all are located in the Northwest Territories and, along with Fort McPherson and Tsiigehtchic, form the Inuvik Region.

Inuvik, located on the East Channel of the Mackenzie Delta, approximately  from the Arctic Ocean, is the region's administrative centre, home to the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation. The only other inland community, Aklavik, is located on the Peel Channel. Hunting, fishing and trapping are the major economic activities of Paulatuk, in Amundsen Gulf's Darnley Bay, and Sachs Harbour, the only permanent settlement on Banks Island. Tuktoyaktuk, formerly known as "Port Brabant", is set on Kugmallit Bay, near the Mackenzie River Delta. It has the only deepwater port in the ISR. Ulukhaktok, formerly known as "Holman", is located on the west coast of Victoria Island. Printmaking has taken over as the primary source of income in recent years. Herschel Island, which is uninhabited, is part of the ISR although in Yukon and was traditionally used by the Inuvialuit.

English is spoken in the entire region. Additionally, Siglitun is spoken in Paulatuk, Sachs Harbour and Tuktoyaktuk. Uummarmiutun is spoken in Inuvik and Aklavik. Inuinnaqtun is spoken in Ulukhaktok and nowhere else in the Northwest Territories. Together they are grouped under Inuvialuktun.

Climate

Wildlife

The Inuvialuit Renewable Resource Conservation and Management Plan sets the strategy for fish and wildlife management and conservation. Integrated management planning of the region's marine and coastal areas is described in the Beaufort Sea Integrated Management Planning Initiative. Wildlife includes Arctic char, Arctic fox, beluga whale, bearded seal, bowhead whale, caribou, moose, muskox, polar bear, ringed seal, and whitefish.

Migratory bird management within the ISR is handled by policies, principles, and regulations described in the Conservation of Migratory Birds in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region report.

Protected areas
There are several protected parks and bird sanctuaries in the ISR. There are five parks: Aulavik National Park, Herschel Island Territorial Park, Ivvavik National Park, Pingo Canadian Landmark, and Tuktut Nogait National Park. There are also four bird sanctuaries: Anderson River Delta Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Banks Island No. 1 Bird Sanctuary, Cape Perry Migratory Bird Sanctuary, and Kendall Island Migratory Bird Sanctuary

Natural resources
The area is rich in non-renewable hydrocarbon resources. There are proven commercial quantities of natural gas, nickel, petroleum, and zinc.

The ISR's Inuvialuit Private Lands are divided into those where the Inuvialuit own surface and subsurface minerals, or those lands with only surface rights.

References

External links
 Map
 Inuvialuit Regional Corporation
 Yukon ISR Lands

Geographic regions of Canada
Inuit territories
Populated places established in 1984
Geography of the Northwest Territories
Geography of Yukon
Inuvialuit


Lesley Kaitlyn Lawes (born December 16, 1988) is a Canadian curler. Lawes was the long time third for the Jennifer Jones team that represented Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics where they won the gold medal. They were the first women's team to go through the Olympics undefeated and the first Manitoba based curling team to win at the Olympics. Lawes curled with John Morris in the mixed doubles event at the 2018 Winter Olympics where they won gold. This win made her and Morris the first Canadian curlers to win two Olympic gold medals, and Lawes was the first to win gold in two consecutive Olympics.

Lawes was a member of the world champion team as a third at the 2018 Ford World Women's Curling Championship, where the team went through the event undefeated. She also won a silver medal at the 2015 World Championships. Lawes was a winner of the 2015 Scotties Tournament of Hearts and has had two runner-up results at the Scotties in 2011 and 2013. Lawes is a two-time Canadian junior champion (2008, 2009) and went on to win a silver and bronze medal each at the World Junior Curling Championships.

In 2019, Lawes was named the seventh greatest Canadian curler in history in a TSN poll of broadcasters, reporters and top curlers.

Curling career

Juniors
Lawes began curling at the age of four.

Lawes first came into the spotlight in 2008 when she won the Manitoba Junior women's championship with teammates Jenna Loder, Liz Peters and Sarah Wazney. With Lawes skipping the team, the rink represented Manitoba at the 2008 Canadian Junior Curling Championships, where she led her team to a 10–2 round robin record, in first place. In the finals, her team beat Saskatchewan's Stephanie McVicar rink, claiming the national championship. This qualified her team to represent Canada at the 2008 World Junior Curling Championships. There, she led Canada to a 5–4 round robin record, tied with Denmark's Madeleine Dupont team. She would go on to beat Denmark, but lose in the 3 vs. 4 playoff game against Russia's Liudmila Privivkova. This put her team into the bronze medal game, where she would face-off against Russia again. This time her rink got the best of the Russians, beating them 9–8, and taking home the bronze medal in the process.

2009 was another great season for the Lawes team. They once again won the Manitoba junior championship, with a new front-end of Laryssa Grenkow and Breanne Meakin replacing Peters and Wazney. At the 2009 Canadian Junior Curling Championships, Lawes led Manitoba to an 8–4 round robin record, in third place. In the playoffs, however, they downed Alberta's Casey Scheidegger rink and Ontario's Rachel Homan to defend their title and once again represented Canada at the World Juniors. At the 2009 World Junior Curling Championships, Lawes would lead Team Canada to a 6–3 round robin record, in third place. In the playoffs, she beat the Russians (skipped by Margarita Fomina) and Switzerland (skipped by Martina Baumann) before losing to Scotland's Eve Muirhead in the gold medal final, settling for silver. In addition to their great showing in junior competitions, the Lawes team also played well on the World Curling Tour, making the semi-finals in a Grand Slam event, the Casinos of Winnipeg Women's Curling Classic.

Early women's career (2009–2013)
After Juniors, Lawes teamed up to play third for Cathy King who was needing a third after Lori Olson left the team to play for Crystal Webster. In her one season with the King rink, Lawes would win the September Shoot-Out, and played in three Grand Slams, making it to the semifinals of the 2009 Trail Appliances Curling Classic. The team played in the 2010 Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts, where they would finish in third place.

Following the 2009–10 curling season, Team King decided to step back from the game for a while, leaving Lawes without a team to play for. Shortly after, it was announced that Team Jennifer Jones had dropped third Cathy Overton-Clapham, and had replaced her with Lawes, in time for the 2010–11 curling season.  The team found immediate success in their first season together, winning two slams (the 2010 Sobeys Slam and the 2011 Players' Championship), as well as the Sun Life Classic, the Karuizawa International Curling Championship and the Victoria Curling Classic Invitational events on the World Curling Tour. As Jones had won the 2010 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the team represented Team Canada at the 2011 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Lawes' first women's national championship. There they would make it to the finals, where they lost to Saskatchewan's Amber Holland rink.

The Jones rink continued their success into the 2011–12 season, winning the Radisson Blu Oslo Cup and the 2011 Canada Cup of Curling. The team won the 2012 Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts and represented Manitoba at the 2012 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. There, they would win the bronze medal.

For the first half of the 2012–13 season, Lawes skipped the team, with Kirsten Wall throwing third, as Jones was expecting her first child and sat out until January. Lawes won The Shoot-Out event on the World Curling Tour as skip. As skip, she would play in four slams, failing to qualify at the 2012 Curlers Corner Autumn Gold Curling Classic and the 2012 Masters, making it to the quarterfinals of the 2012 Manitoba Lotteries Women's Curling Classic and the round of 16 at the 2012 Colonial Square Ladies Classic. Lawes skipped the team at the 2012 Canada Cup of Curling, where she would lose in the final to Team Stefanie Lawton.  Jones was back to skipping the team in time for the 2013 Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts, which they again would win.  At the 2013 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Jones led Manitoba to another silver medal, this time losing to Ontario's Rachel Homan rink in the final.

Olympic and Scotties success (2013–2017)
The Jones team won the right to compete at the 2014 Winter Olympics when they won the 2013 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials. At the Olympics the team became the first women's team to not only go through the round robin undefeated but also the first team to go throughout the whole tournament undefeated when they won the Olympic gold. They were the first Manitoba based curling team to win gold at the Olympics. After the win Lawes noted her recently deceased father stating "I know he would be so proud. This is something he knew we had it in us. I don't know how to describe it. I thought about him a lot during the game ... I wish that I could share this experience with him, but he was my inspiration." In addition to their Olympic win, the team won three Grand Slams on the World Curling Tour, winning the 2013 Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries Women's Classic, the 2013 Colonial Square Ladies Classic and the 2014 Players' Championship.

Following the Olympics in Russia, Lawes as part of the Jones' team won the 2015 Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts, and then won the 2015 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Moose Jaw, Lawes' first national women's title. The team would represent Canada at the 2015 World Women's Curling Championship, where they made the final but lost to Alina Pätz of Switzerland 5–3, finishing in the silver medal position. On the tour, the team would win the 2014 Curlers Corner Autumn Gold Curling Classic, the Canad Inns Women's Classic and the Karuizawa International Curling Championship.

By virtue of winning the 2015 Scotties, the Jones rink would represent Team Canada at the 2016 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, where they would win a bronze medal. On the Tour that season, the team would only win the DeKalb Superspiel, and the season-ending Grand Slam event, the 2016 Humpty's Champions Cup.

The Jones rink would not qualify for the 2017 Scotties, having lost in the semifinals of the 2017 Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts. However, they had some success in other events, winning the DeKalb Superspiel again, winning the 2016 Canada Cup of Curling and the 2017 Players' Championship.

2018 mixed doubles Olympic champion and world champion
Lawes next tried to qualify for the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, Korea but the team did not succeed, watching the Rachel Homan rink win the honour. She would still have an opportunity to qualify for the Olympics as part of the debut mixed doubles curling event. John Morris was scheduled to curl with Homan in the trials, but she was unavailable having already qualified as Canada's women's representative.  Morris then teamed up with Lawes; the pair only practiced once at the Granite Curling Club for 30 minutes prior to the 2018 Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Olympic Trials. They would finish the round robin 5–3 but won through the playoff round to the final where they defeated Brad Gushue and Valerie Sweeting, winning the right to wear the maple leaf in Korea.

The team entered the Mixed Doubles competition against Norway, but lost their opening game. Lawes and Morris would go on to win their next six games, finishing with a 6–1 record. In the semifinals they faced Norway in a rematch, this time prevailing. In the gold medal final they routed the Swiss team 10–3, with the Swiss team conceding after six ends. Lawes thanked supporters from home for her gold medal win, telling CBC News:  "Everyone in Winnipeg, thank you so much for your support, and St. Vital Curling Club for helping our families come to cheer us on. We felt that support so much over here." After her win a landmark 'Winnipeg' sign at The Forks was lit up in gold and red to celebrate her medal win.   Lawes and Morris were Canada's first two-time Olympic champions in curling, and Lawes the first Canadian to win gold in curling in two consecutive Olympics.

Following her return from South Korea, Lawes joined the Jones team and took her spot at third back from Shannon Birchard who had played at this position in her absence. The team, victorious with Birchard at the 2018 Scotties Tournament of Hearts won the right to wear the maple leaf at the 2018 Ford World Women's Curling Championship taking place in North Bay, Ontario. The team played very well and went through the round-robin undefeated. They would eventually beat Jamie Sinclair and her American team in the semi-final earning the right to face the Olympic champion, Anna Hasselborg in the final. Lawes and the Jones team would have to take Hasselborg to an extra end, but ultimately won the game without having to throw their last rock. The victory was Lawes's first World Championship victory and would be the last for long-time second Jill Officer, as she announced she was stepping back from the game.

Jocelyn Peterman joins the team (2018–present)
In the 2018-19 curling season, Jocelyn Peterman joined the Jones team at second, replacing Officer. Lawes and the team won the 2018 Canada Cup with an 8–5 victory over Kerri Einarson. The team also won the 2019 TSN All-Star Curling Skins Game, defeating Tracy Fleury to win $51,000. The team represented Team Canada at the 2019 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, missing playoffs with a 6–5 record. The team of Jones, Lawes, Shannon Birchard, and Officer was chosen to represent Team Canada at the Grand Final of the inaugural Curling World Cup, which they won, defeating Silvana Tirinzoni in the final. Lawes played in two mixed doubles events that season with Morris, the Canad Inns Mixed Doubles Championship, which they won, and the Qualico Mixed Doubles Classic, where they lost in the quarterfinal to Peterman and Brett Gallant. However, she was unable to compete in the 2019 Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Championship after sustaining an injury at the Scotties.

In their first event of the 2019-20 season, Team Jones won the 2019 AMJ Campbell Shorty Jenkins Classic, defeating Tracy Fleury in the final. Next they played in the 2019 Colonial Square Ladies Classic where Fleury would take them out in the semi-finals. They had two quarterfinal finishes at the first two Slams of the season, the Masters and the Tour Challenge. At the Canada Cup, the team struggled, finishing with a 2–4 record. The team made the final at the Boost National, losing to Team Hasselborg, and the quarterfinals at the Canadian Open. The team made the final of the 2020 Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts and lost to Team Einarson. By virtue of their CTRS ranking, the team had a second chance to qualify for the 2020 Scotties Tournament of Hearts through the wild card play-in game, where they defeated Team Fleury to become Team Wild Card. At the Scotties, they finished the round robin and championship pool with a 9–2 record as the second seed in playoffs, but lost to Kerri Einarson (Team Manitoba) in the 1 vs. 2 playoff game and to Rachel Homan (Team Ontario) in the semifinal to finish in third place. It would be their last event of the season as both the Players' Championship and the Champions Cup Grand Slam events were also cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On March 18, 2020, the team announced that Lisa Weagle, after parting ways with Team Homan, would join the team in a 5-player rotation.

The Jones rink won their lone event of the abbreviated 2020–21 season at the 2020 Stu Sells Oakville Tankard. The 2021 Manitoba Scotties were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba, so Curl Manitoba appointed the Jones rink to represent Manitoba at the 2021 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. At the 2021 Hearts, the team finished with a 9–3 record, putting them in a third place tiebreaker match against Alberta, skipped by Laura Walker. Alberta defeated Manitoba 9–8 to advance to the semifinal. A month later, Lawes returned to the bubble to compete with her nephew Connor Lawes at the 2021 Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Championship. The pair failed to make the playoffs, finishing pool play with a 1–5 record. Lawes ended her season with Team Jones at the only two Grand Slam events of the abbreviated season, also held in the Calgary bubble. The team missed the playoffs at both the 2021 Champions Cup and the 2021 Players' Championship.

Team Jones qualified for the playoffs in each of their first four tour events, however, were not able to qualify for any finals. At the first Grand Slam of the season, the 2021 Masters, the team was able to reach the final before losing to Tracy Fleury in a 9–7 match. They then missed the playoffs at the 2021 National two weeks later.

A month later, Team Jones competed in the 2021 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials. There, the team posted a 5–3 round robin record, earning a spot in the semifinal. They then defeated Krista McCarville to qualify for the final where they would once again face Fleury. After a tight game all the way through, Team Fleury stole one in the ninth end to take a single point lead. In the tenth end, Jones had an open hit-and-stick to win the game, however, her shooter rolled two far and she only got one. This sent the game to an extra end. On her final shot, Fleury attempted a soft-weight hit on a Jones stone partially buried behind a guard. Her rock, however, curled too much and hit the guard, giving up a steal of one and the game to Team Jones. After the game, Jones said that "We're there to pick each other up when you miss, not everybody can say that and that's really a big strength of our team." With the win, Team Jones travelled to Beijing, China to represent Canada at the 2022 Winter Olympics. Through the round robin, the Canadian team had mixed results, ultimately finishing tied for third with a 5–4 record. However, because of their draw shot challenge results, which were the lowest of the teams they were tied with, they ranked fifth overall, missing the playoffs. After their final game, an emotional Lawes said that "It's difficult when it's out of our control. I'm really proud of this team. We worked really hard this week and we have a lot to be proud of. At the end of the day we tried our best and that's all we could do."

On March 15, 2022, Team Jones announced that they would be parting ways at the conclusion of the 2021–22 season. Lawes and second Jocelyn Peterman then announced they would be joining Selena Njegovan and Kristin MacCuish of Team Fleury to form a new team for the 2022–23 season. Lawes would skip the team, with Njegovan playing third, Peterman at second and MacCuish at lead.

Team Jones still had two more events together before parting ways, the 2022 Players' Championship and 2022 Champions Cup Grand Slams. At the Players', the team went 1–3, missing the playoffs. They then missed the playoffs again at the Champions Cup with a 1–4 record, ending the team's run together.

The new Lawes rink began the 2022–23 season with a second-place finish at the 2022 Oslo Cup. After going undefeated in the round robin, they beat Marianne Rørvik in the semifinal before losing 5–3 to Anna Hasselborg in the final. They were able to pick up their first tour victory at the Mother Club Fall Curling Classic, winning 6–2 in the final over Sarah Anderson. At the 2022 PointsBet Invitational, Team Lawes lost in the semifinal to Team Scheidegger. In the first Slam of the season, the 2022 National, the team advanced to the semifinals where they were stopped by Silvana Tirinzoni 7–5. They also qualified for the playoffs at the 2022 Tour Challenge where they lost in the quarterfinals to Rachel Homan. Following a quarterfinal finish at the 2022 Curlers Corner Autumn Gold Curling Classic, Lawes went on maternity leave. During that time, Selena Njegovan took over skipping the team, leading them to a victory at the 2022 Stu Sells 1824 Halifax Classic and a quarterfinal finish at the 2022 Masters. Lawes returned for the 2023 Canadian Open where the team missed the playoffs with a 2–3 record. At the 2023 Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the team was eliminated in the semifinal after losing 8–5 to Abby Ackland. Despite this, they still qualified for the 2023 Scotties Tournament of Hearts as a Wild Card team. After a 5–3 record, they lost in a tiebreaker to Nova Scotia, skipped by Christina Black. The team finished the season at the 2023 Players' Championship and the 2023 Champions Cup, missing the playoffs at both.

Personal life
Lawes attended the University of Manitoba where she studied nutrition, and attended Athabasca University where she studied communications.  She is in engaged to Stephan Vigier, a professional ice hockey player, and has one child. She is currently employed as a farmer. Her father Keith was also a competitive curler, having played for Newfoundland at the 1969 Macdonald Brier. Her half sister is Andrea Lawes, who was a member of the 1990 Scott Tournament of Hearts champion team, representing Ontario. Her nephew is curler Connor Lawes. Her mother is Cheryl Lawes and her brother is Kevin Lawes.

Grand Slam record

Former events

Year-by-year statistics

Team events

Mixed doubles

Teams

Notes

References

External links

Living people
Curlers from Alberta
Curlers from Winnipeg
1988 births
Canadian women curlers
Curlers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Curlers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Olympic curlers for Canada
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic medalists in curling
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Canadian women's curling champions
Continental Cup of Curling participants
University of Manitoba alumni
World curling champions
Canada Cup (curling) participants
Curlers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Athabasca University alumni
Canadian women farmers
Farmers from Manitoba


Anderson Field may refer to:

Anderson Field (Minnesota), a private airport in Kennedy, Minnesota, US (FAA: 52MN)
Anderson Field (Nevada), the first airport in Las Vegas, Nevada, US (closed 1929)
Anderson Field (Washington), a public airport in Brewster, Washington, US (FAA: S97)