The 19th Marine Regiment was a composite engineer regiment of the United States Marine Corps subordinate to the 3rd Marine Division.  It existed from September 1942 until September 1944. In December 1943 there was a large change of command in the Regiment.  Marine engineer regiments were eventually disbanded in favor of independent engineering battalions within the parent Marine divisions.

Subordinate units
The regiment was a composite of three different types of battalions and a headquarters and service company:
 1st Battalion,  19th Marines, A, B, & C Companies 3rd Engineer Battalion now 3rd Combat Engineer Battalion
 2nd Battalion, 19th Marines, D, E, & F Companies 3rd Pioneer Battalion now Combat Logistics Regiment 3
 3rd Battalion,  19th Marines, G, H, & I Companies 25th Naval Construction Battalion now Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 25 or NMCB 25

History
World War II

Assigned to the 3rd Marine Division, on 11 March 1943 Col Robert M. Montaque took command of the Regiment in New Zealand.  September 1943 saw the regiment land in the Bougainville campaign on that island.  The seabees bulldozed paths through the jungle for tanks to attack the Japanese lines.  C. Company with other 19th Marines built a corduroy road for tanks and supply movement for the 7th marines.  Companies C, F, & I were attached to the 3rd RCT while Companies A, D, & G were attached to the 9th RCT.  From there it went to Guadalcanal in preparation for the Battle of Guam (1944).  It landed in the assault on Guam with Companies C, F, & I attached to the 3rd Marine Regimental Combat Team, Companies A, D, & G attached to the 9th Marine Regimental Combat Team and Companies B, E, & H attached to the 21st Marine Regimental Combat Team.  The regiment was decommissioned on 17 August.  The 25th NCB was returned to the Navy and assigned to the 5th Naval Construction Brigade, remaining on Guam until the war ended.

With the inactivation of the 19th Marine Regiment the 3rd Engineer Battalion and the 3rd Pioneer Battalion were posted directly to the 3rd Marine Division.  The 25th Naval Construction Battalion was replaced by the 62nd Naval Construction Battalion which was attached directly to the V Amphibious Corps for the Battle of Iwo Jima.  The 3rd Pioneers landed on yellow 2 beach on D-plus 3 and remained there until D-plus 6.  On D-plus 6 black beach was created and the pioneers moved there as did the 3rd Engineers.  The 62nd NCB was made the lead Battalion for getting Motoyama Airfield #1 operational in place of the 133rd NCB which had taken heavy casualties.
 3rd Marine Division Order of Battle for Bougainville Campaign,1 November–15 December 1943
 3rd Marine Regimental Combat Team - C, F, & I Companies 19th Marines
 9th Marine Regimental Combat Team  - A, D, & G Companies 19th Marines
 21st Marine Regimental Combat Team  -B, E, & H Companies 19th Marines (assault reserve)
 Solomon Islands campaign:-  15 December 1943 – 9 January 1944
 3rd Marine Division Order of Battle for Emirau March 1944
 4th Marine Regimental Combat Team - Pioneer Company 2d Bn 19th Marines
 3rd Marine Division Order of Battle of Guam, 21 July–15 August 1944
 9th Marine Regimental Combat Team  - A, D, & G Companies 19th Marines
 21st Marine Regimental Combat Team  -B, E, & H Companies 19th Marines
 3rd Marine Regimental Combat Team  - C, F, & I Companies 19th Marines (assault reserve)

Command officer history

Unit awards
   Navy Unit Commendation,3rd Marine Regiment(and all units attached to or serving with), Company C 19th Marines,  Bougainville
   Navy Unit Commendation, 21st Marine Regiment(and all units attached to or serving with),Company B 19th Marines, Guam
   Presidential Unit Citation,  3rd Marine Regiment(and all units attached to or serving with), Company C 19th Marines,   Guam

"Naval Unit Commendation,
3d Marines
The Secretary of the Navy takes pleasure in commending the

THIRD MARINES, THIRD MARINE DIVISION
for service as follows:

"For outstanding heroism in action against enemy Japanese forces during the invasion, seizure, occupation and defense of Empress Augusta Bay Beachhead, Bougainville, Solomon Islands, from November 1 to December 22, 1943. In action against the enemy for the first time, the THIRD Marines landed on an extremely wide front in the face of perilous surf and beach conditions and through flanking fire of hostile machine guns, anti-boat guns, mortars, small arms and artillery from heavily entrenched positions on Cape Torokina and Puruata Island. Pressing forward through almost impenetrable jungle and swampy terrain, this Regiment completely reduced the intricate system of mutually supporting Japanese pillboxes, bunkers, fire trenches and foxholes which constituted the Cape Torokina defense, and secured its portion of the objective by evening of D-Day. Shifted to the left flank of the beachhead, the THIRD Marines smashed a Japanese counter-landing and drove steadily forward despite difficulties of terrain, supply and communication and, developing the main enemy position in a meeting engagement on the Numa. Numa trail, completely wiped out the Japanese 23rd Infantry. In continuous action as a front line regiment for a total of fifty-two consecutive days, the gallant men and officers of the THIRD Marines, by their skill in jungle warfare and their aggressive fighting spirit, contributed greatly to the success of the campaign and enhanced the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service."

All personnel attached to and serving with the THIRD Marines at Bougainville from November 1 to December 22, 1943, are authorized to wear the NAVY UNIT COMMENDATION Ribbon.

JAMES FORRESTAL,
Secretary of the Navy"

See also

 History of the United States Marine Corps
 Landing on Emirau
 List of United States Marine Corps regiments
 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 25
 Organization of the United States Marine Corps
 3rd Marine Division
 16th Marine Regiment(Engineer)
 17th Marine Regiment(Engineer)
 18th Marine Regiment(Engineer)
 20th Marine Regiment(Engineer)
 Seabees

Further reading
 Third Marine Combat Operations Report Bougainville
 3rd Battalion 19th Marines: Photographs on Guadalcanal, Bougainville and Guam taken by James William Pless, Sr. - PHOTOGRAPHS of WWII, D.H. Ramsey Library, Special Collections, University of North Carolina at Asheville, FOLDER 21

References

External links

 http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-M-NSols/index.html
 http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-M-Guam/index.html

Seabees

Eng19
Eng19
United States Marine Corps in World War II
Military units and formations established in 1942
1942 establishments in the United States


Over the Sun is a 2004 album by Shannon Wright.

Track listing
Intro/With Closed Eyes – 4:39
Portray – 5:36
Black Little Stray – 6:20
You'll Be the Death – 4:07
Throw a Blanket Over the Sun – 4:25
Avalanche – 4:49
If Only We Could – 4:07
Plea – 4:08
Birds – 4:07

Japanese bonus track
 Insolvable Self – 4:11

2004 albums
Shannon Wright albums


Paramarthalinga Thanulinga Nadar (17 February 1915 – 2 November 1988), also known simply as Thanulingam, was an Indian politician, Tamil Nadu Ellai Poratta Thyagi, and a staunch member of the now defunct Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress and would later emerge as a right-wing activist in the State. He served as a Member of Parliament with the Indian National Congress. In his later life, he served as the State President of the Hindu Munnani and played an active role in furthering Hindutva in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu in the 1980s.

Early life

Thanulinga Nadar was born on 17 February 1915 to M. Paramarthalinga Nadar in Thiruvananthapuram District (in the area comprised in present-day Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu State)  of the Travancore kingdom. His parents belonged to the Nadar community of southern Travancore. His father fought against British rule.
Thanulingam graduated in arts and law he was one of the active member of Marshall A.Nesamony's Travancore Tamil Nad Congress Movement. This led him in active politics.

Movement for the merger of Tamil regions of Travancore State with adjacent Madras State

Thiru.P.Thanulingam Nadar is the descendant of Thanumalaya Perumal Marachan family. This Marachan family provided asylum for the Travancore Prince Marthanda Varma during his tumultuous kingship struggle erupted in 1729 AD from the powerful Nair feudal lords called Ettuveetu Pillaimar.

When the Kumari Thanthai Marshal A.Nesamony founded Travancore Tamil Nad Congress Party on 8 September 1947 for the cause of merger of Tamil regions of erstwhile Travancore State to the adjacent Madras State on the basis of shared Tamil  identity, the young Thiru.P.Thanulingam Nadar joined the movement and worked hard for the welfare of the same. When Travancore Representative Body elections conducted in 1948 for drafting the constitution for Travancore State, he was elected in Agasteeswaram Constituency from Travancore Tamil Nad Congress Party and defeated TTNC's arch rival political party of Pattom Thanu pillai's Travancore State Congress. In that Travancore Representative Body election-1948, Travancore Tamil Nad Congress Party stood as principal opposition party and its leader Marshal A.Nesamony served as leader of opposition.

Later in 1950, he started a new political party called the Tamil Nad Congress Party, T.P. for the cause of merger of Tamil Speaking regions of the then The United State of Travancore and Cochin with adjacent Madras State on the basis of shared Tamil identity as like his parental party, T.T.N.C. His Tamil Nad Congress Party had the joint general secretaries of T. T. Daniel (his relative) and P. S. Mony. He contested in Nagercoil parliamentary constituency as candidate of Tamil Nad Congress Party in first lok sabha election 1951 against T.T.N.C., and Socialist Party, S.P. and failed to get through. Later, he annexed his party with parental Travancore Tamil Nad Congress Party for preserving the unity of Tamil cause in Travancore Princely State. During the 1954 Travancore-Cochin State election, he fought in Agasteeswaram constituency as candidate of Travancore Tamil Nad Congress Party against Praja Socialist Part and INC and won the election. He, Ponnappan Nadar and Chithambara Nathan Nadar collectively joined hands with Marshal Nesamony as fellow TTNCians for the merger of Tamil areas with Madras State. His speech in Travancore Assembly is very famous and showed his love with Tamil. He usually had the habit of telling small stories during the Travancore assembly speech. One time he told in the Thiru-Kochi assembly that Mother Tongue is living soul of the human body.

He loved his senior and mentor Kumari Thanthi Marshal A. Nesamony very much since Nesamony was 20 years elder than him. During 1982, when there was a debate for naming Kanyakumari Transport Corporation by the name of Nesamony or Jeeva, he stick with Nesamony's name. His love towards his senior Marshal. A. Nesamony was evident from the fact that he was the Patron for the statue erection committee of Marshal A. Nesamony in front of Meenatchipuram Anna Bus Stand.

After accomplishing the merger task, TTNC Party merged with INC party in the presence of Thiru. K. Kamaraj Nadar on 26 January 1957. He was elected as M.P. from Kanniyakumari constituency from INC Party. After that, he served as Rajya Sabha M.P. from 1964 to 1968 from INC Party.

Political career

Thanulinga Nadar joined the Indian Independence movement at the young stage. Later, he joined the Travancore Tamil Nad Congress Movement founded by Marshal A. Nesamony. After the merger in 1956, he was a close associate of K. Kamaraj.

He participated in the 1948 Travancore Representative Body elections of the Travancore State and was elected to the assembly. He secured third place in the 1951 elections, the first held as a part of the Republic of India. However, he contested the 1954 elections from Agastisvaram and was elected by a margin of 6,721 votes. He served as a member of M.L.A. till 1956 when southern Travancore became a part of Madras state.

In 1957, Thanulingam was elected to the Lok Sabha from Nagercoil from INC ticket. He served as a Member of Parliament till 1962.

Thanulingam was elected to the Rajya Sabha in 1964 and served as a member of the Rajya Sabha from 9 July 1964 to 2 April 1968.

Thanulinga Nadar was a devout Hindu. Even during the 1940s and 1950s, he bitterly differed with fellow Congressman from Kanyakumari district, A. Nesamony who was a Christian Nadar. The differences led to the birth of two different factions in the state in the early 1950s which required the intervention of K. Kamaraj, the then President of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee. Many Hindus embraced Christianity in Kanyakumari district due to caste oppression by Hindu uppercastes; Thanulingam, who identified with the Hindu cause, strongly opposed the conversions. In the early 1980s, he joined the Hindu right wing organisation Hindu Munnani and soon became its State President. During the visit of M.G.R. to Mandikadu, Thanulingam Nadar met him and apprised the situation to him to defuse the crisis. He advised Shiv Sena founder and supremo Bal Thackeray to shelve the hatred policy towards Tamilians staying in Maharashtra State. Thanulingam was arrested along with other top Hindu Munnani leaders on 12 February 1983, as a preemptive measure to prevent Hindu-Christian clashes.

Death

Thanulingam Nadar died on 2 November 1988 at the age of 73 while he was addressing a public rally in Eral, Thirunelveli district.

Family

Thanulingam married Nakshetram Ammal at an early age. She died due to diseases and he married a second time, this time to Ramanayagam Ammal. Thanulingam has two sons(Noble) and three daughters.

Notes

People from Kanyakumari district
1915 births
1988 deaths
Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu
Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu
Indian Hindus
India MPs 1957–1962


Andronikos Komnenos () ( – 1142), Latinized as Andronicus Comnenus, was a Byzantine prince of the Komnenian dynasty.

Biography
Andronikos Komnenos was born in , as the third child and second son of the Byzantine Emperor John II Komnenos and his Hungarian wife, Piroska (Irene). Probably in 1122, when his elder brother Alexios was raised to co-emperor, he received the rank of sebastokratōr along with his younger brothers Isaac and Manuel.

Komnenos became early on involved in military affairs. His first campaign was when he accompanied his father in his decisive victory against the Hungarians in 1129. Like his other brothers, he then accompanied John II during his successive campaigns against the Seljuk Turks in Asia Minor. The court poets Michael Italikos and Theodore Prodromos praised Andronikos' military ability, the former comparing him to the mythical heroes of the Iliad. He died in August 1142, shortly after his elder brother Alexios. The brothers had once again followed their father, who campaigned against the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, but at Attaleia Alexios suddenly fell ill and died. Andronikos, who thus became the heir-apparent, outlived him a short while, before succumbing as well. While John II continued his campaign, the third brother Isaac finally brought the corpses of his two brothers back to Constantinople, where they were entombed in the Pantokrator Monastery.

Family
Komnenos was married around 1124 a woman named Irene, whose family and origin are unknown, except for a reference by an unknown poet who claimed in an encomiastic poem of her that she descended from the Aeneads. The couple had several children:
 Maria Komnene, who married Theodoros Dasiotes, then John Kantakouzenos.
 John Doukas Komnenos (died c. 17 September 1176), who married (first name unknown) Taronitissa, and had a daughter Maria.
 Theodora Komnene (died 2 January 1184), who married Henry II Jasomirgott.
 Eudokia Komnene, who married an unknown first husband and then Michael Gabras. She was also one of the mistresses of Andronikos I Komnenos.
 Alexios Komnenos, who was married to Maria Doukaina, and had a daughter, Eudokia, and two short-lived sons. He is believed to have had Maria of Antioch (widow of Manuel I) as a mistress. He headed the regency council for her son, Alexios II.

Footnotes

References
 , pp. 357–379

1100s births
1142 deaths
12th-century Byzantine people
Andronikos Komnenos
Sebastokrators
Year of birth uncertain
Sons of Byzantine emperors


Vanderlei Eustáquio de Oliveira (11 June 1950 – 17 July 2023), often known as Palhinha, was a Brazilian footballer who played as a forward.

Club career
Palhinha started his football career in Cruzeiro in 1969 and had played for them until 1976. In the last season that he played for Cruzeiro, he was the top scorer of Copa Libertadores and helped the club to win the trophy for the first time. In 1977, he transferred to Corinthians and played there until 1980. In 1980, he transferred to Atlético Mineiro, the main rival of his former club Cruzeiro in the state of Minas Gerais. In the following years, he transferred to various clubs frequently. In 1982, he played for Santos FC, while he transferred to Vasco da Gama in the same year. In 1983, he was back to Cruzeiro, but only played for the club for two years. In 1985, he played for América in the Campeonato Mineiro and then retired after that year.

International career
Palhinha represented the Brazil national team sixteen times during his peak era from 1973 to 1979, including leading the national team to the second runners-up in Copa América 1979. He scored three goals for his country in all his national team appearances.

Death
Palhinha died on 17 July 2023, at the age of 73.

Honours
Cruzeiro
 Copa Libertadores: 1976

References

External links

1950 births
2023 deaths
Footballers from Belo Horizonte
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Brazil men's international footballers
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
São Paulo state football team players
1975 Copa América players
1979 Copa América players
Cruzeiro Esporte Clube players
Copa Libertadores-winning players
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista players
Clube Atlético Mineiro players
Santos FC players
CR Vasco da Gama players
América Futebol Clube (MG) players
Brazilian football managers
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A managers
América Futebol Clube (MG) managers
Clube Atlético Mineiro managers
Rio Branco de Andradas Futebol Clube managers
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista managers
União São João Esporte Clube managers
Ferroviário Atlético Clube (CE) managers
Associação Atlética Internacional (Limeira) managers
Villa Nova Atlético Clube managers
Al-Tai FC managers
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate football managers in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Pro League managers


The 1998 Eskridge car crash was a notorious hit-and-run incident that occurred in Okinawa, Japan on October 7, 1998. Randall Eskridge, a member of the United States Marine Corps, was drunk driving when he struck Yuki Uema, an 18-year-old Okinawan student. Eskridge failed to stop and help Uema, who entered a coma and died a week later from a brain contusion. Uema's death caused an uproar in Okinawa due to the raw emotion after the 1995 Okinawan rape incident, the fact the Marines refused to hand over Eskridge, and continued opposition to the American presence in Japan.

Crash

At 4:30 AM on October 7, 1998, Yuki Uema, an 18-year-old Okinawan high school student, was riding her motorcycle home on Okinawa Island when she was knocked down by a hit-and-run driver outside Camp Zukeran, a base of the United States military north of Naha, the capital of Okinawa Prefecture. Randall Eskridge, a 23-year-old corporal of the United States Marine serving as a Flight Equipment Technician with the Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 152, was identified as the driver that struck Uema after a guard at Camp Zukeran's gate noticed heavy damage to the grille of his vehicle. Initially, the US military refused to hand over Eskridge to Japanese civil authorities as the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) agreement between Japan and the United States  requires the accused to be handed over to local authorities only for a heinous crime. The refusal sparked outrage and protests among Okinawa's populace, but Eskridge was finally handed over to the local police a week after the incident. Around this time, Uema died from a brain contusion caused by complications from her injuries sustained in the incident, after having spent the week in a coma.

Trial
During Eskridge's trial, the prosecution said that he had committed a "malicious crime due to his low regard for human life," seriously injuring Yuki Uema while driving under the influence of alcohol. Eskridge was tried on charges of drunken driving, leaving the scene of a crash and professional negligence to cause injury. Even though Eskridge admitted his wrongdoing, the prosecutor told the court that the accused deserved a stiff penalty.  In 1999, Eskridge was sentenced to 20 months in an Okinawa jail.

Aftermath
The incident brought to light one of many grievances felt by the people of Okinawa towards the US military presence, to which opposition was becoming increasingly popular and vocal since the 1995 Okinawan rape incident, where three US servicemen rented a van then kidnapped and raped a 12-year-old Japanese girl. After the 1996 Padilla car crash in particular, which involved a US serviceman and Japanese victims, it was revealed that there were over a thousand car crashes a year in Okinawa involving US military personnel. Chalmers Johnson stated that it was not until 1997 that American military-owned vehicles were required to have license plates, often making it impossible for hit-and-run victims to identify the vehicle that hit them.

See also

1996 Padilla car crash

Bibliography
Notes

References

 - Total pages: 288

Crime in Japan
Japan–United States relations
Politics of Japan
United States Armed Forces in Okinawa Prefecture
1998 in Japan
Eskridge
United States Marine Corps in the 20th century
Road incidents in Japan
1998 road incidents


Battle of Jezzine may refer to:

Battle of Jezzine (1941), part of the Syria-Lebanon campaign of World War II
Battle of Jezzine (1982), part of the 1982 Lebanon War


Bendigo Spirit is one of three Victorian basketball teams in the Australian Women's National Basketball League. The team, based in the regional city of Bendigo, Victoria, joined the competition from the 2007/08 season.

History
The Bendigo Spirit were formed in 2007 and started playing out of Bendigo Stadium, the first side based in regional Victoria. Coached by Bernie Harrower, the team was led by his daughter, Australian Opal and captain, Kristi Harrower. The Spirit have won the WNBL Championship twice (2013 & 2014) led by the likes of Harrower, Gabrielle Richards, Kelly Wilson as well as imports Chelsea Aubry and the now naturalised, Kelsey Griffin.

Season-by-season records

Source: Bendigo Spirit

Players

Current roster

Former players
 Kathleen MacLeod, (2007–08)
 Jenna O'Hea, (2007–08)
 Kristi Harrower, (2008–2015)
 Chelsea Aubry, (2009–2015)
 Heather Oliver, (2010–2018)
/ Kelsey Griffin, (2012–2018)
 Sara Blicavs, (2013–2015)
 Belinda Snell, (2014–2016)
 Betnijah Laney, (2017–18)
 Jennie Rintala
 Carley Ernst
 Chevannah Paalvast
 Alicia Froling
 Amelia Todhunter

Coaches and staff

Head coaches

Ownership
In April 2022, the team's WNBL license was purchased from Bendigo Stadium Limited (BSL) by Sports Entertainment Network (SEN).

References

External links
 Official WNBL Team Site
 Bendigo Spirit official website

Women's National Basketball League teams
Basketball teams in Victoria (state)
Basketball teams established in 2007
Articles containing video clips


Christopher John Back (born 11 February 1950) is a former Australian politician, who was a Liberal Party member of the Australian Senate for Western Australia from 2009 until his resignation in 2017.

Early life and education

Back was born in Perth and was educated at Aquinas College, Perth.

In 1971, he graduated from the University of Queensland and was then posted to Merredin as a Veterinary Officer in 1972. He served there until being transferred to Moora in 1974. In the middle of that year, Back resigned and went into racehorse practice in Caulfield, Victoria.

Back lectured in Animal Science and Production at Curtin University (Muresk Institute) from 1975 to 1988. During this period, he also spent time at the University of California in 1980 and 1984, working in the Department of Equine Reproduction. At Muresk, Back developed Australia’s first tertiary course in Equine Management in 1977. Graduates were then able to find a range of employment internationally because of this.
In a change of career direction, he was then appointed as the first CEO of the Rottnest Island Authority and served for seven years in the mid-1990s. Back was then CEO of the WA Bush Fires Board. In this role, Back introduced water bombing aircraft and updated volunteer equipment. He received the Prime Minister's Gold Award for technological achievement recognising the work undertaken in using satellites to track wildfires in remote locations. Back then moved to Tasmania and  purchased the wholesale and retail businesses of the Shell Company, which was his introduction to the Oil and Gas industry. He continued to work in Australia, South East Asia, India and the Middle East servicing oil majors and military clients and subsequently assisting in the establishment of a multi-national oil and gas services company until 2008.

In 2012, he was awarded the Kendall Prize by the Australian Veterinary Association for his service to the profession in Australia.

Political career
In 2009, Back was appointed by a joint sitting of the Western Australian Parliament to replace Chris Ellison, who had resigned that January. Back was sworn into the Senate as a Liberal Senator for Western Australia on 11 March 2009. He was the first veterinarian elected to the Senate of the Federal Parliament.

In the 44th Parliament, Back was chairman of the Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislative Committee. Before that he was chairman of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations References Committee, and actively contributed to the Rural Affairs and Transport committee, where his main focus centred around biosecurity, food and animal health, and the welfare of agricultural industries generally. He was a member of the Joint Parliamentary Committee on Gambling Reform and involved in multiple hearings, including: animal welfare standards in Australia’s live export markets; reform of the Australian Federation; and a review of the Professional Services Review (PSR) Scheme. He was Deputy Whip in the Senate in 2012.

On 13 June 2017, Back announced his intention to resign from the Senate, with the following sitting week to be his last. In July, the WA Liberal Party preselected Slade Brockman to be appointed in Back's place.

He delayed his resignation until 31 July 2017.

Personal life
Back married in 1974 and has three children.

References

External links
 Official website
 APH biography
 Summary of parliamentary voting for Senitor Chris Back on TheyVoteForYou.org.au

1950 births
Living people
Members of the Australian Senate
Members of the Australian Senate for Western Australia
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Australian veterinarians
Male veterinarians
University of Queensland alumni
Abbott government
Turnbull government
21st-century Australian politicians


The Imperial Japanese Army's  was an infantry division during World War II. Its call sign was the . The division was raised 7 February 1939 in Tokyo, simultaneously with 33rd, 34th, 35th, 36th and 37th divisions.

Action
The 32nd Division was subordinated to the 12th Army and transferred to China in May 1939 to participate in the Second Sino-Japanese War, initially posted to Shanxi. Due to the Japanese defeat in the Battle of Suixian–Zaoyang, the initially assigned positions became unreachable and the 32nd Division arrived in southeast Shantung in June 1939 and saw action in the 1939–40 Winter Offensive, initially protecting the Tai'an - Tengzhou line. The division was able to start a counter-attack on 2 December 1939 as part of the Shandong Operation. After the offensive, the 32nd Division was garrisoned at Jinan.

In April 1944, the 32nd Division was assigned to the 14th Army and departed for Mindanao.  The 32nd Division suffered heavy losses from United States Navy submarine attacks during its voyage from China in the Take Ichi convoy. On 26 April 1944, almost all the men of one of the division's regiments were lost when their transport ship was sunk north west of Luzon. The convoy carrying the division put in at Manila between 29 April and 1 May where its destination was changed to Halmahera. Subsequently, the convoy carrying the 32nd Division was attacked by US submarines near the northeastern tip of Celebes on 6 May 1944. This and the previous attack reduced the division's strength to just five infantry battalions and one and a half artillery battalions. The surviving transports arrived at Halmahera on 9 May.

The division saw action against the United States Army during the Battle of Morotai from September 1944 until the end of the war. Two battalions of the 211th Infantry Regiment were sent to Morotai, which was only a short distance from Halmahera, to develop an airfield in May 1944, but these were withdrawn in July 1944 when the airfield was abandoned due to drainage problems. This left Morotai only lightly defended when a large Allied force landed there on 15 September 1944, and the Allies were able to quickly secure their objectives in the island's south west. Elements of the 32nd Division, including the 3rd Battalion of the 210th Infantry Regiment and the entire 211th Infantry Regiment, were transported to Morotai through a US Navy blockade between September and November 1944 in an attempt to attack the Allied base which was being developed on the island. The division was not able to launch this attack, however, as sufficient supplies could not be brought through the US blockade. As a result, the Japanese troops on Morotai retreated to the center of the island where many died from disease and starvation.

The 32nd Division continued to fight against the US forces on Morotai until the end of the war. In December 1944 the US 136th Infantry Regiment launched an offensive against the 211th Regiment's positions on Morotai. The US force assaulted the main Japanese positions on 3 January 1945, capturing them two days later. Following this the Americans pursued the remnants of the 211th Regiment until 14 January 1945, by which time they claimed to have killed 870 Japanese soldiers and captured ten for a loss of 46 killed and 127 wounded and injured. The US 93rd Infantry Division launched a further offensive against the Japanese on Morotai in April 1945 and captured the 211th Regiment's commander on 6 August. Following the end of the war, the remnants of the 32nd Division on Morotai and Halmahera surrendered to the 93rd Infantry Division on 26 August 1945.

See also
 List of Japanese Infantry Divisions

Notes

 This article incorporates material from the Japanese Wikipedia Page 第32師団 (日本軍), accessed 15 March 2016

References

External links

Japanese World War II divisions
Infantry divisions of Japan
Military units and formations established in 1939
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
1939 establishments in Japan
1945 disestablishments in Japan


Fumio Imamura (; born November 5, 1966 in Chiba) is a retired male race walker from Japan. He twice competed for his native country at the Summer Olympics: 1992 and 2000.

International competitions

References

1966 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Chiba Prefecture
Japanese athletics coaches
Japanese male racewalkers
Olympic male racewalkers
Olympic athletes for Japan
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Asian Games silver medalists for Japan
Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1994 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1998 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for Japan
Japan Championships in Athletics winners
20th-century Japanese people
21st-century Japanese people


Milan Jurčo (born 14 September 1957 in Liptovský Mikuláš) is a Czechoslovak former professional road bicycle racer. He is the father of Matej Jurčo, who is also professional cyclist.

Major results

1979
 1st
 1st Stage 8 Vuelta a Cuba
1980
 1st Stage 3 Okolo Slovenska
1981
 1st Overall
1st Stages 3, 4 & 5
 1st Stage 6 Giro delle Regioni
 3rd  Team time trial, UCI Road World Championships
 4th Gran Premio della Liberazione
1982
 1st Overall Circuit des Ardennes
1st Stage 1
 1st
 1st Stage 4 Tour de Luxembourg
 2nd Overall Circuit de la Sarthe
 2nd Road race, National Road Championships
1984
 1st Overall Rheinland-Pfalz Rundfahrt
 1st Prologue Girobio
 3rd  Team time trial, Friendship Games
1985
 2nd  Team time trial, UCI Road World Championships
 3rd Gran Premio della Liberazione
1986
 1st Stages 3 & 5 Settimana Ciclistica Bergamasca
1987
 1st Prologue Giro di Puglia
1990
 8th GP Stad Zottegem

External links

Guys Having Fun at Tour de France 1988

1957 births
Living people
Slovak male cyclists
Sportspeople from Liptovský Mikuláš


Desiree Glaubitz (born 24 September 1979 in Traralgon) is an Australian basketball player, captain of the Bulleen Boomers in the Women's National Basketball League.

Desi is 177 centimetres tall and plays guard.  In the WNBL, she has played with AIS 1997–99; Sydney 1999/00; Townsville 2001/02; Bulleen Boomers 2003/04 - Present .

External links
Player biography - WNBL official

Living people
1979 births
Australian women's basketball players
Melbourne Boomers players
Australian Institute of Sport basketball (WNBL) players
Sydney Uni Flames players
Townsville Fire players
People from Traralgon


Aaron Gural, originally Guralnick (March 11, 1917 – March 10, 2009), was chairman of New York real estate developer Newmark & Company for over 40 years.

Biography
Gural was born Aaron Guralnick in Manhattan, one of three children of Meyer and Rose Guralnick. He was raised in Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan. He shortened his last name to Gural. He graduated with a B.A. in accounting from New York University. His first job was reading water and electric meters for a company owned by his uncles called Spear & Company (which was purchased by Harry Helmsley in 1955 to form Helmsley-Spear). He then worked as a real estate broker and joined Newmark & Company in 1953. In 1956, he purchased Newmark with his two partners. He served as chairman from 1957 to 1998.

He was one of the first to convert industrial West Side properties and abandoned lofts to trendy, gentrified uses. He also acquired numerous landmark New York properties, such as the Flatiron Building. He was involved in the acquisition of over six million square feet of buildings in the New York metropolitan area through his career. His strategy has always been to hold onto real estate over the long term.

Personal life and death
Gural was married twice: his first wife, Harriet Feil, died in 1945; his second wife, Marion Katz, the daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants, died in 1990. He has three children: Jeffrey Gural, Jane Gural Senders, and Barbara Gural.  He died one day short of his 92nd birthday in Delray Beach, Florida, where he lived.

In 1979, Gural was a founding member of the Jewish Community Center of the Greater Five Towns. In 2018, the JCC was renamed the Marion & Aaron Gural Jewish Community Center in his honor. He also served as president of the Congregation Sons of Israel in Woodmere.

References

1917 births
2009 deaths
People from Delray Beach, Florida
20th-century American Jews
American real estate businesspeople
21st-century American Jews


Newmark Group Inc. is a commercial real estate advisory and services firm headquartered in New York City. It operates as Newmark, and is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "NMRK".

The company’s services include Capital Markets, Global Corporate Services, Industrial and Logistics Services, Landlord Representation, Property Management, Retail Services, Tenant Representation and Valuation & Advisory. According to Real Capital Analytics, Newmark was the third-largest investment broker in the Americas in 2020 measured by sell-side investment sales activity. In its ‘Top 15 Most Powerful Brokerage Firms of 2021, Commercial Property Executive ranked Newmark 3rd.

History

Early years
Newmark was founded in 1929 in Manhattan by Dave Newmark.

In 1953, Aaron Gural joined Newmark & Company as a real estate broker, later purchasing the company in 1956 with partners. Gural served as Chairman of Newmark & Company from 1957 to 1998.

Under Gural's leadership, Newmark began acquiring properties throughout Manhattan starting with 230 Fifth Avenue. Other notable property acquisitions during this time included the Film Center Building at 630 Ninth Avenue and the historic DuMont building at 515 Madison Avenue. Gural became known as one of the first real estate executives to see the potential for restoring West Side industrial sites and abandoned lofts in the Garment District.

In 1978, Aaron Gural's son, Jeffrey Gural, and Barry Gosin took ownership of the company.

Throughout the late 1980s, in response to a lull in New York City's real estate market, Gosin began building Newmark’s brokerage and advisory division. Gosin would later tell The New York Times that it was Newmark's unique combination of being a brokerage firm and having a significant investment portfolio that set the firm apart in the industry.

In 1992, James Kuhn joined Newmark as President after serving as the owner/manager of the Mendik Company, where he oversaw the acquisition of 11 million square feet of office space and 6,000 apartments.

Throughout the 1990s, Newmark continued to expand its property holdings, including through the purchase of New York's Flatiron Building beginning in 1997. In the late 1990s, the firm grew beyond its basic leasing and management operation by expanding its corporate services division.

2001 to present
In 2001, Newmark invested in national appraiser Koeppel Tener Real Estate Services, founded by Alfred J. Koeppel. In 2006, Newmark formed a partnership with London-based real estate firm Knight Frank becoming Newmark Knight Frank.

In October 2011, BGC Partners, Inc., an American global financial services company based in New York City, acquired Newmark. With the acquisition, Howard W. Lutnick, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BGC, became Chairman of Newmark, with Gosin, who had previously served on BGC's Board of Directors, remaining as Newmark's CEO and Jeff Gural as Chairman Emeritus.

In April 2012, BGC Partners acquired assets of commercial real estate brokerage Grubb & Ellis, founded in 1958 by Donald Sr. & John Grubb & Harold Ellis, to form Newmark Grubb Knight Frank (NGKF).

Newmark announced an expansion in South America in 2014 through partnerships in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile and Peru. According to Newmark, the firm currently operates in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, and Puerto Rico.

On December 15, 2017, Newmark listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange.

In October 2020, Newmark Knight Frank formally rebranded to Newmark.

On June 2, 2021, The Washington Post reported that The Trump Organization had hired Newmark to sell its lease to the Trump International Hotel in Washington, DC. "A representative of Newmark Group declined to comment", the Post said.

Acquisitions History
Over the past decade, Newmark and its parent company BGC Partners, Inc. have expanded real estate services and geographic reach through the acquisition of companies in the United States and internationally. Newmark has acquired more than 55 companies since 2011.

2012
 BGC Partners acquired the assets of commercial real estate brokerage Grubb & Ellis Company, merging it with Newmark to create Newmark Grubb Knight Frank (NGKF).

  BGC Partners acquired Denver-based  Frederick Ross, a firm specializing in real estate brokerage, consultancy, advisory and investment services, and Philadelphia-based Smith Mack, expanding Newmark’s brokerage and advisory services in Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey.

2014
 Newmark acquired commercial services firm Cornish & Carey Commercial, based in northern California. Also in 2014, BCG Partners, Inc. acquired Apartment Realty Advisors, one of the largest apartment building brokers in the U.S., for roughly $110 million.

2015
 BGC Partners, Inc. acquired real estate consulting firm Computerized Facility Integration, LLC, Excess Space Retail Services Inc., Also in 2015, Newmark acquired Cincinnati Commercial Real Estate, a commercial real estate firm in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Steffner Commercial Real Estate, which operated as Newmark Grubb Memphis. The Steffner Commercial Real Estate acquisition was part of Newmark's Mid-South growth plan for Tennessee, Kentucky, Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas and Louisiana.

2016
 Newmark acquired San Francisco-based CRE Group, a project management and construction management firm with a strong regional presence. Also in 2016, Newmark acquired two companies in the multifamily sector: Rudesill-Para Multifamily, a brokerage firm in Tennessee, and Walchle Lear, a brokerage firm based in Florida.

2017
 Newmark acquired Regency Capital Partners (RCP), a real estate capital advisory firm headquartered in San Francisco, California. RCP is known for financing for clients with extensive experience in joint ventures, construction debt and permanent financings across all property types, with a specific focus on structured debt and equity for large-scale office and multifamily developments.  Also in 2017, Newmark’s parent company BGC Partners, Inc. acquired multi-family lending provider Berkeley Point Financial LLC from financial services firm Cantor Fitzgerald for $875 million.

2018
 Newmark acquired corporate tenant representation real estate agency Jackson & Cooksey, based in Dallas, Texas, and retail brokerage company RKF.

2021
 Newmark acquired two companies in the flexible office space: flexible workspace platform Knotel in March and Paris-based Deskeo in October. The Deskeo acquisition added over 50 locations to Newmark's international flexible office portfolio. In 2019, Newmark expanded its presence in the United Kingdom with the acquisition of Harper Dennis Hobbs, a retail real estate advisory firm based in London. Also in 2019, Newmark acquired MiT National Land Services, a national title agency based in New York.

2022
 Newmark acquired London-based real estate advisory firm BH2 and North American retail real estate advisory firms Open Realty Advisors and Open Realty Properties. Also in 2022, Newmark acquired McCall & Almy, a Boston brokerage firm focused on tenant representation. McCall & Almy’s longtime clients include Harvard University, Bose and Partners HealthCare System.

2023
 It is announced that Newmark Group has acquired Gerald Eve in a deal which follows the acquisitions of investment sales and leasing advisory firms BH2 and Harper Dennis Hobbs in the UK & Paris-based flexible office subsidiary Deskeo in 2022.

Awards and recognition
In 2021, Commercial Property Executive named Newmark third in its annual Top Commercial Real Estate Brokerage Firms ranking, following CBRE and Cushman & Wakefield. The same ranking named Newmark second in Top 10 Firms in Sales and fifth in Top 10 Firms in Leasing.

Real Capital Analytics named Newmark the 3rd largest investment broker in the Americas in 2020 based on sell-side investment sales activity.

Controversies
In 2022, Newmark commercial real estate agents were sued by a client after they drastically mispriced an asset in a deal they brokered. The property, once owned by OCA - Asian Pacific American Advocates, a Washington, D.C.-based non-profit, was sold for $4.4 million. Four months later, the buyer resold the asset for a 30% increase. The non-profit claimed that it did not receive the full price for its property because of errors made by Newmark's agents.

In 2018, the company was sued by an administrative assistant over sexual harassment claims. While working in the firm, she alleged suffering repeated sexual advances, which she rebuffed. She further claimed that when she raised the issue to human resources, she was terminated. In a statement, a Newmark spokesperson said "we have thoroughly investigated allegations made by a former employee and have determined them to be baseless."

In 2017, a Newmark executive, Mike Arnold, was sued for sexual harassment. Arnold's lawyers sought disclosure of the victim's real name and dismissal of the case on procedural grounds. The victim claimed she was ogled and stalked, among other sexual harassment.

See also
 CBRE Group
 JLL (company)
 Cushman & Wakefield

References

External links

Real estate companies established in 1929
Real estate services companies of the United States
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Companies based in New York City
2011 mergers and acquisitions
2017 initial public offerings
Corporate spin-offs


Takehiro Sonohara (; born November 9, 1962, in Nagano Prefecture) is a retired male race walker from Japan. He competed for his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

International competitions

References
sports-reference

1962 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Nagano Prefecture
Japanese male racewalkers
Olympic male racewalkers
Olympic athletes for Japan
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Asian Games competitors for Japan
Athletes (track and field) at the 1986 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1990 Asian Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for Japan
Japan Championships in Athletics winners
20th-century Japanese people
21st-century Japanese people


Miki Itakura (; born August 1, 1975, in Ishikawa, Japan) is a retired Japanese female race walker. She competed for Japan at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

Achievements

References
sports-reference

1975 births
Living people
Japanese female racewalkers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Japan
Sportspeople from Ishikawa Prefecture
20th-century Japanese women


In the literatures of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan, a jangnama is an epic or heroic poem.  The word is of Persian origin.  In Kashmiri, jangnama refers to epic poetry generally; but jangnama also identifies a specific genre of poetry that deals with Islamic conquests.  The genre also exists in many Muslim-influenced Indo-Aryan languages.  A variety of different jangnamas were written in the years before 1850; they include:
 Janganama Zainab's Chautisa by Sheikh Faizullah (16th century)
 Janganama by Dawlat Wazir Bahram Khan (16th century)
 Jangnama Muqtal Husayn by Mohammad Khan Islamabadi (1645)
 Jangnama by Abdul Hakim (1723)
 Zari Jangnama Maharamparba by Heyat Mahmud (1723)
 Qasim-er Lodai O Fatima-r Suratnama by Sherbaz (18th century)
 Shahid-e-Karbala O Sakina-r Bilaap by Zafar (18th century)
 Shongram Husayn by Hamid (18th century)
 Janganama Amir Hamza by Gharibullah
 Jangnama Hanifa (Zaiguner Pathi) by Sayad Hamza
 Jangnama by Radhacaran Gop
 Jangnama by Nasrullah Khan
 Jangnama by Hamid Shah
 Jangnama by Maulvi Ghulam Mastifa
 Jang Ahd by Ahmad Yar
 Jang Badan by Ahmad Yar
 Jangnama Lahore by Khan Singh
 Jangnama Hari Singh by Ram Dayal
 Jangnama Delhi Khazan Singh
 Jangnama Kabul Kandhar by Siam
 Jangnama Kabul by Karam Singh
 Jangnama Khaibar by Mirza Abdul Hamid
 Jang Europe by Havinder Nand Singh
 Jang Chitral by Kahan Singh
 Jang Singhaan te Angrezan by Shah Mohammad
as well as the anonymous Jang Chitral, Jang Chin, Jang Tiraj, and Jang Zaitun. Jangnamahs were also written in more recent times; one example is Jangnamah Europe by a Sikh soldier, Nand Singh, who fought in the First World War.

See also
Dobhashi
Kissa
List of Punjabi-language poets

References

Indian poetry


David G. Taylor (July 29, 1929 – February 23, 2009) was chairman of Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company in early 1984. He successfully negotiated with the Treasury Department for it to arrange a $7.5 billion rescue package for the bank.

References

1929 births
2009 deaths

20th-century American businesspeople


Cheryl Chambers (born 18 April 1968) is an Australian basketball coach and retired professional basketball player. She currently is head coach for the Southside Flyers in the WNBL.

Career

WNBL
Chambers played 261 games in the Women's National Basketball League (playing for the Melbourne East, Coburg, Bulleen Boomers and Melbourne Tigers) and is a Life Member of the WNBL. After her playing career, Chambers went on to coach the Bulleen Boomers from 2001 through to 2009. In her time there, she won the WNBL Coach of the Year Award twice in 2004–05 and 2008–09 respectively.

Following on from stints with Australia's U-19 national team, Knox Raiders in the SEABL and an assistant coach position back with the Melbourne Boomers under Guy Molloy, Chambers returned to the league after an eight-year hiatus from a head coaching role. During her time in Sydney, Chambers would win a WNBL Championship and again take home the WNBL Coach of the Year.

In 2019, Chambers signed as head coach to the newly rebranded Southside Flyers back in her home city of Melbourne.

Coaching record

WNBL

|-
| align="left" |Bulleen
| align="left" |2001–02
| 17
| 4
| 13
|
| align="center" |6th of 8
|–
|–
|–
|–
|
|-
| align="left" |Bulleen
| align="left" |2002–03
| 21
| 6
| 15
|
| align="center" |6th of 8
|–
|–
|–
|–
|
|-
| align="left" |Bulleen
| align="left" |2003–04
| 21
| 11
| 10
|
| align="center" |6th of 8
|–
|–
|–
|–
|
|-
| align="left" |Bulleen
| align="left" |2004–05
| 21
| 16
| 5
|
| align="center" |2nd of 8
|2
|0
|2
|
| align="center" |Lost Preliminary final
|-
| align="left" |Bulleen
| align="left" |2005–06
| 21
| 13
| 8
|
| align="center" |4th of 8
|1
|0
|1
|
| align="center" |Lost Semi-final
|-
| align="left" |Bulleen
| align="left" |2006–07
| 21
| 12
| 9
|
| align="center" |5th of 8
|–
|–
|–
|–
|
|-
| align="left" |Bulleen
| align="left" |2007–08
| 24
| 11
| 13
|
| align="center" |5th of 10
|–
|–
|–
|–
|
|-
| align="left" |Bulleen
| align="left" |2008–09
| 22
| 17
| 5
|
| align="center" |2nd of 10
|3
|1
|2
|
| align="center" |Lost Grand Final
|- ! style="background:#FDE910;"
| align="left" |Sydney
| align="left" |2016–17
| 24
| 18
| 6
|
| align="center" |1st of 8
|4
|4
|0
|
| align="center" |Won Grand Final
|-
| align="left" |Sydney
| align="left" |2017–18
| 21
| 14
| 7
|
| align="center" |2nd of 8
|2
|0
|2
|
| align="center" |Lost Semi-final
|-
| align="left" |Sydney
| align="left" |2018–19
| 21
| 2
| 19
|
| align="center" |8th of 8
|–
|–
|–
|–
|
|-
| align="left" |Southside
| align="left" |2019–20
| 21
| 17
| 4
|
| align="center" |1st of 8
|4
|2
|2
|
| align="center" |Lost Grand Final
|- ! style="background:#FDE910;"
| align="left" |Southside
| align="left" |2020
| 13
| 11
| 2
|
| align="center" |1st of 8
|3
|3
|0
|
| align="center" |Won Grand Final
|-class="sortbottom"
| align="left" |Career
| ||268||152||116|||| ||19||10||9||

References

Living people
Australian women's basketball players
Australian women's basketball coaches
Melbourne Boomers players
Bulleen Boomers coaches
1968 births
Place of birth missing (living people)


The Antelope Ground, Southampton was a sports ground that was the first home of both Hampshire County Cricket Club, who played there prior to 1884, and of Southampton Football Club, who played there from 1887 to 1896 as "Southampton St. Mary's F.C."

The ground was situated on the east side of St Mary's Road at the corner of the present-day Brinton's Terrace and extended south to Clovelly Road and east to Exmoor Road. The ground took its name from the Antelope Hotel, which was situated on the opposite side of St Mary's Road.

Hampshire County Cricket Club

1842 to 1845
The first known cricket match played at the ground was on 23 August 1839 when "North of Hampshire" opposed "South of Hampshire".

In 1842 three local gentlemen, Thomas Chamberlayne, Sir Frederick Hervey-Bathurst and Sir John Barker-Mill, financed the development of the ground and installed the former Hampshire and Surrey cricketer Daniel Day in the Antelope Hotel. Chamberlayne was a Hampshire cricketer, making several appearances in the 1840s, including in the Hampshire v. England match in September 1842. Hervey-Bathurst also played regularly for MCC and Hampshire between 1832 and 1861. All three gentlemen are shown on the scorecard of a match between MCC and Hampshire at Lord's on 30 June 1842, although Barker-Mill is shown as "absent hurt".

During the period when the ground was under the supervision of Daniel Day the ground was known as "Day's Ground" rather than the Antelope. Five first-class matches were played there between 1842 and 1845. The first was in September 1842, when Hampshire played England. This was a low-scoring match with Hampshire being bowled out for 67 in the first innings; England replied with a total of 99, but Hampshire only managed 27 in their second innings and England thus won by an innings and 5 runs. England's best bowler was William Hillyer who took 15 wickets in the match.

In 1845, the ground was first threatened by building speculation, resulting in Daniel Day moving to a ground at the Woolston Hotel on the south side of Woolston Road, Itchen, a few hundred yards across the River Itchen from Southampton. First-class matches in Southampton were then played on what was known as "Day's Itchen Ground".

The building development fell through and the lease of the Antelope Ground was taken by a Mr. Brooks (or Brooke), with cricket matches involving the "Gentlemen of South Hampshire" being staged there.

In 1861 James Southerton, the Surrey cricketer was engaged at Southampton and resided at the Antelope Ground. He remained there until 1867. The first recorded individual century made on the ground was in 1862, when George Ede hit 122 for South Hampshire v East Hampshire.

1863 to 1884
On 11 September 1863, at a meeting held at the Antelope Hotel, Hampshire County Cricket Club was re-formed, following which top-class cricket returned to the Antelope, with the County Club renting the ground from 1864 on a yearly basis.

The first county match at the ground following the revival of the club was against Sussex starting on 7 July 1864, which Sussex won by 10 wickets with James Lillywhite claiming ten wickets in the match for 80 runs, including taking his 100th wicket in first-class matches.

Over the next twenty years, 27 first-class matches were played at the Antelope Ground as well as regular matches involving the "Gentlemen of Hampshire".

The best bowling figures were in a match against Derbyshire in July 1876 when Derbyshire's William Mycroft claimed 17–103 in the match. Despite this, Hampshire won a low-scoring match by one wicket.

Francis Lacey claimed the highest individual score at the ground, with 211 in the first innings against Kent in June 1884, which he followed with 92 not out in the second, as Hampshire won by 3 wickets. This was Lacey's top score in first-class matches.

The last recorded match at the ground was between Hampshire and Somerset in August 1884, when a total of 645 runs were scored, with Ernest Powell and Francis Lacey scoring 140 and 100 respectively in Hampshire's first innings. Hampshire won the match by an innings and 169 runs.

In 1883, Col. James Fellowes opened negotiations for the lease and development of land in Northlands Road, Southampton (part of the Hulse Estate) and by the Annual General Meeting of Hampshire County Cricket Club, held at the George Hotel, Winchester in January 1884, Col. Fellowes was able to report that  of land had been leased at an annual rent of £160 on condition that the club erected a pavilion. The new lease was to run for 28 years. The first match played at the new County Ground was on 9 May 1885.

Southampton St. Mary's Football Club

Formation to 1891
Southampton St. Mary's F.C. was founded officially in 1885, although the club's history can be traced back to 1878 with the foundation of "Southampton Rangers" by shipbuilders working for Oswald & Mordaunt (later Vosper Thornycroft). The first match played under the name of "St. Mary's" was on 21 November 1885, on the "backfield" of the County Ground in Northlands Road. The match was against a team from Freemantle, who were defeated 5–1. Over the next two years, the "Saints" played their home matches on Southampton Common near the Cowherds pub. In 1887, the Hampshire Football Association was founded and immediately established the Hampshire Senior and Junior Cup competitions, with St. Mary's entering the Senior Cup. On 26 November 1887, the Saints played their first-ever cup tie away to Totton, played at Testwood.

In the next round, the Saints were drawn at home to play Petersfield on 17 December 1887. As Southampton Common was not suitable for a cup-tie, the St Mary's committee secured the use of the Antelope Ground, "by kind permission of the Pirates". The Pirates were a rugby club who shared the ground with Woolston Works F.C. Petersfield could only field ten men, and the Saints won 10–0. In the next round, the Saints received another home draw, this time against Lymington; the Pirates already had a fixture on the date of the match, 21 January 1888, so the match was played on the pitch at the Anchor Hotel, Redbridge, just within the town boundary. The match was won 4–0, but some of the Saints' fans misbehaved; their "hilarious" behaviour was such that the owner of the ground demanded that the gate receipts should be paid to the Royal South Hants Hospital. The remaining matches in the cup were all played at the County Ground, with the Saints defeating the Southampton Harriers 2–1 in the final after a replay.

The next recorded match at the Antelope Ground was on 14 April 1888, when St. Mary's lost 3–0 to Woolston Works in an end-of-season friendly. During the summer of 1888, the Saints committee endeavoured to find a more suitable permanent location than the common. An application to play on Hoglands Park was refused by the town council. With pitches at the County Ground and the Antelope costing between £2.10s and £3 to rent (necessitating an attendance of 240 at 3d each to break even) the club were in great need of a permanent home.

For the 1888–89 season, the Saints continued to play most of their home matches on the common, although some more prestigious friendly matches were played at the County Ground. After a 5–0 victory in the Hampshire Junior Cup first round over Havant at the Antelope Ground in November and a bye in the second, the third round draw gave the Saints a home match with the Fordingbridge Turks. The match was scheduled for 12 January when the Saints had four players (including captain George Carter) selected for a Hampshire FA game; the Saints' tried to have the cup game rescheduled but the Turks refused. On the morning of the game, no venue had been arranged but an agreement was reached with the Woolston Works side, who were now tenants at the Antelope Ground, to use their facilities. The Saints won 3–2 earning them a semi-final appearance against Cowes, which the Saints eventually won after a third replay. The final against Christchurch was played at Bar End, Winchester with the Saints winning 3–0. The crowd at the County Ground for the third replay was reported to be in excess of 5,000, although the actual crowd was probably less than half this, but nonetheless the level of support demonstrated that football had now become well-established in the eyes of the Southampton public.

In the summer of 1889, the Woolston Works team folded leaving it clear for the Saints to claim the Antelope Ground as their home base, with the Trojans Rugby Club as joint tenants. Having obtained a permanent home, St. Mary's could now claim to be the premier club in the town, although Freemantle would continue to contest this claim, despite having a much poorer record in the local cups.

For the 1889–90 season, St. Mary's played their friendly matches at the Antelope Ground as well as a third-round match in the Hampshire Junior Cup, but the semi-final and final of the cup were played at the County Ground, with the Saints defeating Lymington 2–0 in the final, thus winning the tournament for the third consecutive year, enabling them to retain the cup outright. The crowd at the County Ground was estimated at 2,800 and the gate money (£51 3s 6d) was reported to be "the largest ever taken in the two counties (Hampshire and Dorset) and beats the big "gate" at the Cowes match last year".

In the following year, the Saints continued to arrange friendly matches at the Antelope Ground inviting teams from further afield, suffering defeats against teams such as Reading and Swindon Town. Having won the Junior Cup outright, they now entered the Hampshire Senior Cup defeating Geneva Cross from Netley Hospital 5–0 at the Antelope Ground, before playing the semi-final and final at the County Ground where, on 14 March 1891, they defeated a side from the Royal Engineers, Aldershot 3–1 in front of a crowd numbering between 3,000 and 4,000 with a "gate" of £63. The season ended with the St Mary's club having a membership of 400 and a bank balance of over £100.

1891 to 1894 (Entering the FA Cup)

The success in local cup competitions prompted the club committee to enter a national tournament for the first time – in the first qualifying round of the FA Cup they played at Warmley near Bristol winning comfortably 4–1. The draw for the next round was a home match against Reading to be played on 24 October 1891. Two weeks before the tie at the Antelope Ground, the Saints arranged a friendly against the 93rd Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, after which two members of the Highlanders side, Jock Fleming and Sandy McMillan, were signed by the Saints.

For the first FA Cup match to be staged in Southampton, the St Mary's committee "pulled out all the stops" to make sure that the Antelope Ground met the standards expected of a venue for the country's top football tournament, although the local press complained of the poor facilities, not having a covered press box, and there were problems with the pitch markings. The crowd (estimated at 4,000) watched the match from behind a rope around the perimeter of the pitch. The walls and banks around the ground were crowded with spectators trying to get a better view, as were the windows of neighbouring houses. They were entertained with a 7–0 victory, with Fleming getting a hat-trick. At the reception after the match, the Reading secretary asked for, and received, an advance of £3 on the share of the gate money. With this he immediately sent a telegram of protest accompanied by the necessary fee of 2 guineas to the Football Association (FA) claiming that the Saints had fielded illegally registered players in Fleming and McMillan. The claim was upheld by the FA, who found that the players had not been registered at least 28 days before the match, and as the Saints had not complied with the requirements of Rule 5 they were thus expelled from the competition.

In 1892–93, the Saints defeated Newbury 4–1 (with a hat-trick from Bob Kiddle) in the first qualifying round played at the Antelope Ground. In the second qualifying round they played Maidenhead at the Antelope Ground on 29 October 1892 and suffered a 4–0 defeat – apart from the Hampshire County Cricket Club Charity Cup the previous April, this was the Saints first defeat in a cup match. Shortly before this match, the Saints had signed their first professional player, Jack Dollin, who was paid a "pound a week and given a job in the week", although his professional status was not revealed publicly at the time. Dollin only remained with the Saints until the end of the season, before knee injuries caused him to revert to amateur status.

Before the start of the 1893–94 season, the Saints signed further players on professional terms, including Jack Angus and Harry Offer, who had previously played for Ardwick (later Manchester City) and Royal Arsenal respectively. In the FA Cup, Uxbridge were defeated 3–1 at the Antelope Ground, before a defeat at Reading in the next round. In the local cups, the Saints were defeated 1–0 by the Royal Engineers (Aldershot) in the final (with Angus being sent off), played at the County Ground, but did gain revenge by winning the Hampshire County Cricket Club Charity Cup 5–0 a few weeks later.

During the 1893–94 season, the Saints arranged a match under "Well's Patent" lights, but it was called off due to bad weather; it would be another 60 years before Southampton played their first match under floodlights. At the end of the season, the Saints were able to report a "profit" of over £85 – gate receipts and subscriptions had produced income of £768, with expenses of £683 including wages of £221 and rent for the Antelope Ground of £42.

In June 1894, St. Mary's Church, who owned the freehold of the ground, were short of funds and decided that the Antelope Ground should be sold. They offered it to the Town Council for £5,000 but this was declined. There was a brief half-hearted campaign to persuade the Saints to purchase the freehold, but the club could not afford it but instead considered a permanent move to the County Ground. Ultimately, this all came to nothing and the Saints remained at the Antelope Ground for the start of the next, historic season.

1894 to 1896 (The Southern League)
In 1894, Southampton St Mary's were one of the nine founder members of the Southern League, which had been created to enable clubs in southern England who were not admitted to the Football League, to play competitive football on a regular basis. For the start of their League career, Saints signed several new players on professional contracts, including Charles Baker, Alf Littlehales and Lachie Thomson from Stoke and Fred Hollands from Millwall.

Saints' first league match was played at the Antelope Ground on 6 October 1894 in front of a crowd estimated at between 4,000 and 5,000, who paid 6d each for admittance; Harry Offer, Jack Angus and Fred Hollands scored in a 3–1 victory over Chatham. During the match, Chatham's centre-forward, Gamble, was sent-off for making "uncomplimentary" comments to the referee following Southampton's second goal, for which he claimed the ball had been "carried right into goal on one of the player's arms".

The Saints' first defeat at the Antelope Ground came against Luton on 22 December (2–1), whilst their best result was a 7–1 victory over Swindon Town on 30 March, with two goals each from Jack Angus and Herbert Ward. Saints finished their inaugural league season in third place, behind Millwall and Luton Town.

In the FA Cup, Southampton met Newbury on 13 October 1894 in the first qualifying round at the Antelope Ground. Saints were "in particularly rampant mood" and won 14–0, with hat-tricks from Herbert Ward and Arthur Nineham; this is still Southampton's biggest victory in a competitive match. They had easy victories in the next three rounds, defeating Reading 5–2, Marlow 7–3 and Warmley 5–1, with all four qualifying matches being played at the Antelope Ground. This meant that the Saints went into the draw for the First round proper for the first time, from which they received yet another home tie, against Nottingham Forest of the First Division.

The match against Nottingham Forest was played at the Antelope Ground on 2 February 1895. On the day of the match, the pitch was covered with three inches (76 mm) of snow. After a long delay, while the referee assessed whether or not the frozen ground was fit to play on, the crowd (estimated at 7,000) were admitted. By this time a grandstand had been erected at the ground, for which spectators were charged admission of 1s 6d, compared to the standing spectators for whom the admission was still 6d. The Nottingham Forest players complained about the spartan state of the changing accommodation, demanding an oil stove, before the match eventually kicked off. Despite scoring 31 goals in the qualifying stages, the Saints were no match for the "skill, subtlety and cohesion" of their opponents who ran out 4–1 victors, with two goals from Thomas Rose. The local press blamed the defeat on the failure of the Southampton players to train adequately and also suggested that the "more northerly visitors were more accustomed to the Arctic conditions".

Shortly before the FA Cup exit, the Saints had entertained a team from the Wiltshire Regiment, winning 13–0 on a "quagmire of a pitch" at the Antelope Ground, with Joe Rogers scoring ten goals.

For the Saints' second season in the Southern League, they remained at the Antelope Ground, with the league season following a similar pattern as the previous year, with the Saints finishing third behind Millwall and Luton Town. The highlight of the league season was the visit of Millwall on 21 March 1896 when a crowd of 8,000 saw the Saints defeat the reigning champions 2–0, with goals from Charles Baker and Joe Turner.

Further excitement came in the FA Cup, when an away victory over local rivals Freemantle in the first qualifying round was followed by comfortable home victories over Marlow (5–0), Reading (3–0) and Uxbridge (3–0). In the First round proper, the Saints once again received a home draw against opposition from the Football League First Division, this time in the shape of The Wednesday. Saints' trainer, Bill Dawson, who had moved from Stoke in the summer, spent the week leading up to Wednesday's visit with extra training for the players, taking them through their paces on Shawford Down.

For the match, played at the Antelope Ground on 1 February 1896, the crowd was estimated at 12,000, by far the largest yet recorded for a football match in Southampton. In an effort to avoid the crowd congestion from the previous year, the gates were opened at 1 o'clock. According to the report in one local newspaper, "The Independent", by the time of the kick-off, "the scene at the ground was a sight for the gods. Thousands lined the ropes and crowded the embankments, and hundreds packed the stands. The enclosure was encircled by a dense and perfect sea of faces. Every coign of vantage had been monopolised, windows and house tops not excepted."
The reporter for "the Echo", writing under the name "Ariel", added:"All the world and his wife were there, including many of our "city fathers" and grave and reverend seigniors, whose curiosity had been aroused by the chatter that was going on in the town... It was a sight calculated to excite the feelings of the Saintly executive, and make them look as pleased and comfortable as if the very cockles of their hearts were being tickled. A sea of faces ten thousand strong bordered the field of play when ... the referee first tooted the whistle."
Unfortunately, the ground was unable to take such a large crowd. Shortly before the teams ran out onto the pitch, a shed roof collapsed, resulting in injuries to fans who had been inside the shed or perched on top. One spectator, George May, suffered a broken ankle and a Mr. George Bett, who had been inside, suffered serious knee damage that subsequently prevented him from working in his occupation as a carriage maker at the Eastleigh railway works. Bett later unsuccessfully sued the club for damages, his case failing because it was found that the club had declared the shed "out of bounds", although the defendants did agree to help Bett in his hardship.

For the match itself, the Saints had to play their third-choice goalkeeper, Walter Cox as Tom Cain was injured, and the Royal Artillery refused to allow on-loan 'keeper "Gunner" Reilly to play. The Saints took an early lead, through Watty Keay, before two goals from Alec Brady gave Wednesday the half-time lead. Wednesday increased their lead shortly after the break, and although Joe Turner got one back, the Saints were unable to score an equaliser. Wednesday ran out 3–2 winners and went on to win the Cup the following April.

Closure
Although the Saints had previously set up a sub-committee to discuss purchasing the Antelope Ground outright, no agreement could be reached with the freeholders. Following the failure of these negotiations, the church agreed the sale of the site to property developers. On 18 January 1896, the local press reported that contracts had already been drawn up for the sale and that "eligible villa residences" would be built on the ground where "many historic battles" had been fought.

The club, through the connections of their president Dr. H. W. R. Bencraft, who was also Hon. Secretary to Hampshire County Cricket Club, secured the use of the County Ground, at an annual rental of £200.

The last football match played at the Antelope Ground was on the evening of Wednesday 29 April 1896, when a crowd estimated at 3,000 saw the Saints defeat their local rivals Freemantle in a friendly, with the last goal being scored by Southampton-born Fred Hayter.

Southampton Football Club spent the next two seasons as tenants at the County Ground, during both of which they won the Southern League title, before eventually obtaining a permanent home, when they moved to The Dell in 1898.

The Antelope Ground was demolished, with Graham Road being built across the site. Subsequently, a furniture store was built on the corner of Brinton's Terrace and St Mary's Road; Brinton's Terrace is now one of the entrances to the Royal South Hampshire Hospital, while the Antelope Hotel has long since disappeared and an office block, which was for many years occupied by British Gas, now stands on the site.

See also
List of Hampshire County Cricket Club grounds
List of cricket grounds in England and Wales

References

Bibliography

External links
Profile on cricketarchive.com

Sport in Southampton
Southampton F.C.
Defunct football venues in England
Defunct cricket grounds in England
Defunct sports venues in Hampshire
Hampshire County Cricket Club
Cricket grounds in Hampshire


Mucor indicus is among the most important members of zygomycetes fungi. This dimorphic fungus is capable of production of several valuable products. Some strains of the fungus have been isolated from the traditional Indonesian food tempeh. M. indicus is nowadays used for production of several homemade food and beverages especially in Asia. This has also been successfully used as a safe nutritional source for fish and rat. The fungus is generally regarded as safe though there are few reports claiming that this is a pathogenic fungus.

The capability of the fungus in production of ethanol is comparable with that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Unlike S. cerevisiae, M. indicus ferments pentoses as well as hexoses and therefore this can be used for production of ethanol from lignocellulosic materials.

The cell wall of the fungus contains considerable amounts of chitosan. Moreover, the fungus is classified as an oil producing fungus. Hence, the biomass of the fungus is considered as a rich source for production of chitosan and polyunsaturated fatty acids especially γ-linolenic acid (Omega-6).

The autolysate of the fungus has a high nutritional value and can replace yeast extract in microbial cultivations.

References

Further reading

 L.Edebo, Zygomycetes for fish feed. USP 0136617 A1. 2009.

Mucoraceae


Doabi is a dialect of the Punjabi language.  The dialect is named for the region in which it was historically spoken, Doaba (also known as Bist Doab); the word doab means "the land between two rivers" and this dialect was historically spoken in the doab between the Beas River and Sutlej River. Its occurrence in parts of Pakistani Punjab owes to post-1947 migration of Muslim populace from East Punjab.  The region it is now spoken includes: the Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Kapurthala and Nawanshahr districts of Indian Punjab, including  the areas known as the Dona and Manjki; and the Toba Tek Singh and Faisalabad districts of Pakistani Punjab  and some regions of una,Himachal Pradesh.

The sub dialects of Doabi include Dona and Manjki.

Analysis
The Doabi dialect in its eastern part blends with the Malwai dialect of Ludhiana district, and in its Northern side, it shares the linguistic features of  Pahari. Some of the linguistic Linguistic features of the Doabi dialect that separate it from other Punjabi dialects are as below:

Consonants

* does not occur word initially

Vowels

Doabi has ten vowels. These are

For example:

Other suprasegmental phonemes

Tone, stress and nasalization in Doabi are phonemic.

Tone
Three tones are used in Doabi; low, mid and high. For example;

Stress
Stress in Doabi is realized in two ways, syntagmatically and paradigmatically.

Syntagmatically, stress-shift results in change of meaning. This kind of stress is often orthographically unmarked, and may shift any tone present in a word to the stressed syllable.

For example:

Paradigmatically, Doabi has stressed and unstressed syllables;

Some basic vocabulary items

Features

Substituting letters
Doabi's drop the letter "v" at the start of a word and use the letter "b" as in "Vada" (big) to "Bada". They also use the letter "o" elsewhere in a word instead of a "v" as in "Khvab" (dream) to "Khoaab". A distinctive feature of Doabi is the use of the "w" sound. Where "v" appears in the middle of a word in standard Punjabi, Doabis use "w" so that "hava" (wind) becomes "hawa". Also, the vowel "u" is pronounced with an "o". Accordingly, "khush" (happy) becomes "khosh" or "kuht" (to beat) becomes "koht". In Doabi, any word beginning with "i" is pronounced with "e". For example, the word "khich" (to pull) is pronounced as "khech" or the word "vich" (inside) is pronounced as "bech".

Doabis do not use "z" and therefore substitute "j". This is common in the Punjabi language as "z" is not indigenous to the area.

Sentence structure
Doabi's end sentences with "aa" (present tense) and "sigey" (past —tense), instead of "han" (present tense) and "san" or "si" (past tense). "Aiddan", "Jiddan", "Kiddan" are all commonly used adverbs in Doabi as opposed to the "Aistaran/Enj," "Jistaran/Jivven," and "Kistaran/Kivven," used in Punjabi's prestige dialect, Majhi.

Present Tense: Usage of aa (sing.) and aa (plu.)

Examples:

Past Tense: Uninflected sī, or number- and gender-inflected sīgā/sīgī/sīge/sīgīā, in Doabi

Examples:

Vocabulary

See also
 Languages of Pakistan
 Languages of India
 List of Indian languages by total speakers
 Malwi dialect
 Puadhi language

References

Languages of Punjab, Pakistan
Languages of Punjab, India
Languages of India
Punjabi culture
Punjabi dialects


Joseph Frederick Hassler (1905-1917) was an American professional baseball shortstop. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Athletics and St. Louis Browns.

External links

Retrosheet

Major League Baseball shortstops
Philadelphia Athletics players
St. Louis Browns players
Baltimore Orioles (International League) players
Portland Beavers players
Reading Keystones players
Waterbury Brasscos players
Wheeling Stogies players
Baseball players from Arkansas
1905 births
1971 deaths


Rhizomucor pusillus is a species of Rhizomucor. It can cause disease in humans.
R. pusillus is a grey mycelium fungi most commonly found in compost piles. Yellow-brown spores grow on a stalk to reproduce more fungal cells.

Biology
Rhizomucor pusillus is a thermophilic fungus that lives in hot environments. Its growth optimum is between 50 and 70 degrees Celsius. It is a good producer of amylase. It is homothallic and can cause infections in humans and animals. R. pusillus cells have stolons, rhizoids, and branched sporangiophores. Because of the high temperatures required for this microorganism, it is difficult to study in laboratory environments. The ability to utilize different carbon sources can be used differentiate this fungus from other species: it is unable to assimilate sucrose, glycine, phenylalanine, and B-alanine.

Diversity
There are three species in the genus Rhizomucor. R. pusillus, R. miehei, and R.hizomucor variabilis. R. pusillus is the only species of genus that is thermophilic. R. variabilis and R. miehei are homogenous and homothallic. Colors of the sporangia and size and shape of diameter vary between the three species. The degree of intraspecies variability is high. R. pusillus lives in geothermal places that create and produce their own heat, such as piles of compost and garbage or landfills. Thermophiles reproduce both sexually and asexually. Most common reproduction is asexually, through mitosis. Thermophiles reproduce asexually, when a male spore and a female spore come in contact with each other. Different strains of R. pusillus segregate into two subclusters at very high levels causing different EST and G6D patterns.

Roles in disease
Rhizomucor pusillis can lead to zygomycosis in humans. It causes necrosis of infected tissues and pen neural invasion. It is an incredibly rare disease often found in the lungs of patients with a weakened immune system and can often lead to a fatal outcome. It occurs in patients with hematological malignancies and diabetes mellitus as well as leukemia. R. pusillis can cause infections in non-human animals as well. In animals the fungus is found in the kidneys and can lead to mucormycotic abortion..

References

http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/Fungal_Descriptions/Zygomycetes/Rhizomucor/Eucker, J., O. Sezer, B. Graf, and K. Possinger. 2001. Mucormycoses.Mycoses. 44:253-260.Ribes, J. A., C. L. Vanover-Sams, and D. J. Baker. 2000. Zygomycetes in human disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 13:236-301.Bjorkholm, M., G. Runarsson, F. Celsing, M. Kalin, B. Petrini, and P. Engervall. 2001. Liposomal amphotericin B and surgery in the successful treatment of invasive pulmonary mucormycosis in a patient with acute T- lymphoblastic leukemia. Scand J Infec Dis. 33:316-319.J. Clin. Microbiol. November 2004 vol. 42 no. 11 5400–5402; Pathogenic Fungi in Humans and Animals; edited by D.H. Howard

Fungi


Puadhi (Gurmukhi: ; IAST: [puādhī], sometimes spelled as Poadhi, Powadhi, or Pwadhi) is a dialect of Punjabi primarily spoken in the Puadh region of northern India.  It is spoken between the Sutlej and Ghaggar river basins in the present day states of Punjab and Haryana, and the union territory of Chandigarh and Uttar Pradesh.

Puadh extends from Rupnagar near Satluj up to the Ghaggar river and its tributaries, Markanda and Som in the east, which lie in northern Haryana up to Kala Amb in Nahan district of Himachal Pradesh.

To the west it extends into the Puadh tract of Ludhiana where the westernmost spoken varieties of the Puadhi dialect form a continuum with Malwai and in north it blend with Doabi Puadhi's western boundary also extends into Fatehgarh Sahib and Patiala districts and its influence is observed in the southwest in the adjacent areas of Kaithal and Kurukshetra districts up to northern areas of Jind distinct such as Ujhana and Dhamtan Sahib and its westernmost boundary extends into parts of Fatehabad district of Haryana.

The language is spoken over a large area in present Punjab as well as Haryana. Puadhi is also spoken in other areas: Kharar, Kurali, Rupnagar, Morinda, Chandigarh, Pail, Rajpura, Samrala in Punjab as well as Ambala, Naraingarh, Sadaura, Panchkula, Shahabad, Barara, Thana Chappar, Bilaspur, Saraswati Nagar, Pehowa, North of Kaithal and Tohana etc. in Haryana.

Grammar

 Genitive postposition: The genitive case particles of ਕਾ kā, ਕੀ kī, ਕੇ ke and ਕੀਆਂ kiān are found in Puadhi, as compared to most other dialects which use ਦਾ dā, ਦੀ dī, ਦੇ de and ਦੀਆਂ diān. Puadhi shares this grammatical trait with neighbouring dialects of Bangru and Bagri. In Punjabi, this form of second case is also observed intermittently in villages that speak Malwai.
 Ablative postposition: ਤੇ te is the Puadhi equivalent of Majhi ਤੋਂ ton, similarly ਗੇਲੇ gele is used instead of ਨਾਲੋਂ nalon.
 Topic marker: In addition to ਤੇ te and ਤਾ ta, ਤੋ to and ਤੌ tō are also commonly used. The latter ਤੌ is pronounced as a diphthong when emphasized. All four nominative particles are the same in Puadhi as in Bangru, which is spoken to its immediate south.

Vocabulary
The Puadhi dialect has many words that differ from other dialects of Punjabi.

Examples

See also

 Puadh
 Languages of India
 List of Indian languages by total speakers
 Languages of Pakistan
 List of Punjabi television channels

References

Languages of India
Languages of Punjab, India
Punjabi dialects


Lubor Bárta (8 August 1928 in Lubná near Litomyšl – 5 November 1972 in Prague) was a Czech composer.

Bárta studied musicology and aesthetics from 1946 to 1948 at Charles University in Prague and was a pupil of Jaroslav Řídký at the Academy of Performing Arts until 1952. While he was still a student he composed his first chamber works: Piano Variations, Three Polka Studies, Violin Sonata, Divertimento for Wind Quintet and String Quartet. His early compositions were influenced by Stravinsky and Bartók, but he gradually came into his own compositional style, especially apparent in his instrumental works. From 1952 to 1955 he was an artistic leader of the ensemble Proud. He subsequently lived as a teacher and freelance composer in Prague. Bartá died at the young age of forty-four.

He composed three symphonies, concerti, string quartets, piano pieces, sonatas and other chamber music.

Selected works
 Orchestral
 Symphony No.1 (1955)
 Concerto for chamber orchestra (1956)
  (Dramatic Suite) (1958)
  (From Eastern Bohemia), Symphonic suite (1960)
 , Suite for chamber orchestra (1964)

 Symphony No.2 (1969)
  for string orchestra (1971)
 Symphony No.3 (1972)

Concertante
 Concerto No.1 for violin and orchestra (1952)
 Four Instrumental Solos for piano, violin, cello and flute with orchestral accompaniment (1955)
 Concerto for viola and orchestra (1957)
 Concerto for piano and orchestra (1959)
 Concerto No.2 for violin and orchestra (1969)

Chamber music
 Divertimento for Wind Quintet (1949)
 String Quartet No. 1 (1950)
 Sonata in G Major for violin and piano (1950)
 Sonatina in G Major for violin and piano (1952)
 Trio in C Major for violin, cello and piano (1955)
 Piano Trio in C Major (1955)
 Wind Quintet No.1 (1956)
 String Quartet No.2 (1957)
 Sonata for clarinet and piano (1958)
 Sonatina for trombone and piano (1956)
 Sonata No.2 for violin and piano (1959)
  (Ballad and Burlesque) for cello and piano (1963)
 Concertino for trombone and piano (1964)
  (Four Compositions) for oboe (or clarinet) and piano (1965)
 Sonata for solo guitar (1965)
  (Four Pieces) for violin and guitar (1966)
 Sonata for flute and piano (1966)
 String Quartet No.3 (1966)
  (Three Pieces) for cello and piano (1968)
 Wind Quintet No.2 (1969)
  for horn and piano (1971)
 Sonata for cello and piano (1971)

Keyboard
 Variations (1948)
 Three Polka Studies (1949)
 Preludium and Toccata (1950)
 Sonata No.1 for piano (1956)
 Sonata No.2 for piano (1961)
  (Eight Compositions) for piano (1965)
  (Eight Compositions for Young Pianists) (1967)
 Sonata for harpsichord (1967)
 Sonata No.3 for piano (1970)

Vocal
 Komsomol, Cantata (1951); 3rd prize winner at the 3rd World Festival of Youth and Students in Berlin
  (Song of the New Age), Cantata for chorus and orchestra (1962); text by Václav Nekvinda
  (Three Male Choruses) (1963); words by Miroslav Florian, Paul Verlaine and František Hrubín
  (Four Songs for Children) with piano accompaniment (1965); words by Václav Nekvinda, J. Havel and Zdeněk Kriebel
  (Four Children's Choruses) (1965); words by Zdeněk Kriebel

Notes

References

   (H 7127)

External links
 Lubor Bárta at the Czech Music Information Centre

1928 births
1972 deaths
Czech classical composers
Czech male classical composers
20th-century classical composers
People from Svitavy District
Charles University alumni
20th-century Czech male musicians
Academy of Performing Arts in Prague alumni


Captain Jillian "Cowgirl" Pearlman, USAF, is a fictional character in the . She was created by writer Geoff Johns and artist Carlos Pacheco as a rival to Carol Ferris for the romantic affections of Hal Jordan. Pearlman's original design in the comics was based on actress Kirsten Dunst.

Publication history
Created by Geoff Johns and Carlos Pacheco, Jillian Pearlman first appeared in Green Lantern vol. 4, #1 in 2005.

Fictional character biography
The fourth child of a Texan rancher, Jillian enlists in the United States Air Force after she turns nineteen. Her sharp wit, attitude, and Texan accent earn her the call sign "Cowgirl". Jillian meets Hal Jordan's alter-ego, Green Lantern, after he saves her life when the engine of her jet, an X-2020, is failing and later meets Jordan face to face at Edwards Air Force Base. Jordan and Jillian feel a romantic attraction to each other, and eventually realize that they have a lot in common.

During the lost year, Cowgirl, Hal "Highball" Jordan, and Shane "Rocket-Man" Sellers are sent on an Air Force mission, on which Jordan, per usual, does not wear his Green Lantern ring. During the mission, all three of their jets are shot down and the pilots taken as prisoners of war. Jordan files down his chains in an attempt to escape the camp, finally doing so when his captors attempt to torture Cowgirl in front of him to get him to reveal secrets, since torturing Jordan himself was not working. Cowgirl and Jordan use the surprise to overcome their jailers, locate Rocket-Man, and flee the camp,. They eventually make it to a campsite and a hospital. Upon their return to America they are awarded POW medals in a ceremony interrupted by a ship piloted by Tomar-Tu crashing to Earth. When the three recovered POWs are put back on active Air Force duty, it is done so on the condition that they attend therapy sessions. All three skip the sessions, deciding instead to get together at Pancho's, the station bar, and work through it.

Just 24 hours after being re-activated, Cowgirl is sent on a mission alongside pilots to take down the same group of terrorists that took her captive. During the mission, her jet is hit and the Air Force loses contact, causing Jordan to go after her in his Green Lantern guise when he finds out. When he makes it to the crash site and nearby camp, there is no sign of her, the terrorists having immediately taken off with her in a jeep when they realize the Green Lantern was coming. Cowgirl yanks the steering wheel, sending the jeep into a tree and herself into a frozen lake, from which she is saved by Hal Jordan, whom she recognizes beneath the mask. As he attempts to heal her with his power ring numerous bounty hunters attack him. John Stewart, undercover as bounty hunter, "captures" him and deposits Cowgirl in a hospital.

When the Star Sapphire gem resurfaces, hosted by Carol Ferris, it attacks Cowgirl at Pancho's to get to Jordan before realizing that Jordan has feelings for her. The Star Sapphire jumps hosts to Cowgirl and chases Jordan, carrying Ferris, through the city as he tries to tire her out, eventually knocking him into a "Honeymoon Hotel". Jordan covers Ferris with a Green Lantern "suit" and the two battle Pearlman. Jordan finally pinning Cowgirl under a car and prying the Sapphire off of her. Four Zamarons step out of the portal, and declare that both Cowgirl and Ferris will become the first two members of their Corps.

Jordan tells Ferris to attempt to remove the Star Sapphire from Cowgirl while he confronts the Zamarons. Though she is able to do so, the stone immobilizes both her and Cowgirl while the Zamarons gain the upper hand over Jordan. The stone asks Jordan which of the two women he desires the most, as the one he chooses will be able to be with him forever. In response, Jordan kisses one of the Zamarons. This convinces the stone to release its hostages and possess the Zamaron Jordan kissed instead. The stone reacts with its new host violently, prompting the Zamarons to retreat to their home planet.

Pearlman appears at the beginning of the 2009's crossover Blackest Night storyline, performing a "fly-by" with the Green Lanterns of Earth for Coast City's "memorial day".

After the events of DC Rebirth (2011), Pearlman is reintroduced in continuity on Grant Morrison's run for DC Retroactive, a collection of independent stories set in the 70s, 80s and 90s.

References

External links
Jillian "Cowgirl" Pearlman comicbookdb

DC Comics female characters
Fictional fighter pilots
Fictional characters from Texas
Comics characters introduced in 2005
Characters created by Geoff Johns
Fictional United States Air Force personnel
Fictional female captains
Fictional military captains


Sir Thomas Penyston, 1st Baronet (1591–1644) was a 17th-century member of the gentry who received one of the first baronetcies. In 1637 he was sheriff of Oxfordshire and in 1640, he was a member of parliament for Westbury.

Early life
Sir Thomas Penyston (or Penistone) was the eldest son of Thomas Penyston (or Penistone) and Mary Sommer. His parents had married in 1590 at St Bride's, Fleet Street. Thomas was a wealthy wool merchant living in Rochester, but with access to London. Mary belonged to a prominent Rochester family. They lived in the parish of St Margaret's in a house that his mother had inherited from her father. Thomas had a younger brother and two younger sisters.

There is a surviving portrait of Thomas and his mother, which was painted in 1598. The portrait was painted by Robert Peake the elder, one of the country's leading portrait painters. In Peake's portrait, Thomas is standing beside his mother wearing a silver costume. She is wearing a brown dress with a large white ruff and an ornate necklace. Her hand rests on the shoulder of her seven-year-old son, The portrait is about three feet by two and in the top left hand corner, there is a representation of the coats of arms of both the Sommer and Penyston/Penistone families. Thomas' portrait is now at Leeds Castle, in the "Henry VIII’s banqueting hall" and is illustrated and described in the guide book.

Thomas; father died around 1601 when his intensely religious will was proved. Thomas inherited the residue of his father's estate. Thomas' mother, Mary received some money and also her jewels, including chains of gold and pearls together with a "greate dyamond" that had belonged to her father. She also received the various household effects that had previously belonged to her father. Thomas Penistone senior asked to be buried in the Cathedral at Rochester. At one time, there was a memorial there to him, but it was apparently destroyed during the Civil War.

In 1602, his mother married Sir Alexander Temple. The next few years saw the birth of two half-brothers (including James Temple the regicide) and a half-sister, but in 1607, his mother died. It is likely that she was buried in the cathedral at Rochester since a later visitor noted a memorial to her, although this no longer remains. Following his mother's death, his stepfather moved to Chadwell St Mary in Essex.

On 13 March 1606/7 he matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford (aged 15), receiving a BA degree from St Edmund Hall on 16 June 1609.

Marriage to Martha Temple

At the time of his mother's death, Thomas was studying at Oxford University.

In 1609, he entered the Inner Temple to study the common law. In 1611, shortly after moving to Chadwell, Sir Alexander was able to recover the manor of Leigh (in Iden in the county of Sussex) on behalf of his stepson.

This manor had previously belonged to Thomas' grandfather. Sir Alexander also helped Thomas in his claim for land in Wales. This had been owned by Richard Powell and subsequently passed to Richard's son John Powell who sold it to Thomas Penistone's grandfather. The position was complicated by the fact that John Powell had been underage at the time of his father's death. Legally, he should have been made a ward of the Crown, but this does not seem to have happened. Alexander obtained a warrant from Robert Cecil to deal "impartially" with the matter.

The restoration of Thomas' property may have been part of a marriage settlement since in the same year, Thomas Penistone married Sir Alexander's niece (Martha) and would have needed some property to contribute. Martha was the daughter of Sir Thomas Temple and was described as "a dainte fine lady".

In the same year, Thomas received a baronetcy - perhaps paid for by his father-in-law who received his own baronetcy at the same date. Hester, the daughter of Sir Thomas and Martha Penistone, was born the year after their marriage, but died shortly after.

Sir Thomas Penistone was among thirty gentlemen in the retinue of Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset - "one of the seventeenth century’s most accomplished gamblers and wastrels". The members of the Earl's retinue each received fifty pounds per year.

Sir Thomas and Martha lived in Bruce Castle in Tottenham, leased from the Earl and they attended social functions hosted by the Earl. Around 1619, Martha became the Earl's mistress.

Martha died of smallpox in January 1620 and she was buried in the Temple's parish church at Stowe. Her father built a magnificent marble monument to her in Stowe church. This can still be seen in the "Penyston chapel" in Stowe church.

Subsequent career
Sir Thomas Penistone travelled abroad for a while and subsequently settled in Cornwell, Oxfordshire, and sometime after 1622, he married again, to Elizabeth Watson, daughter of Sir Thomas Watson and widow of Sir William Pope. His stepson by this marriage inherited the title Earl of Downe in 1631, becoming Thomas Pope, 2nd Earl of Downe. He claimed that Sir Thomas bullied him into marrying his guardian's daughter - Lucy Dutton.

Sir Thomas married a third time to Anne, the fourth daughter of Sir William Stonhouse, 1st Bart. of Radley.  A son by her died in infancy.

In 1633, Sir Thomas acted as the trustee for his half-sister (Susan Thornhurst, née Temple) in the marriage settlement when Susan married Sir Martin Lister (the father of Martin Lister, the biologist).

In 1636, Sir Thomas was one of the members of the gentry who initially refused to pay the ship tax. Nonetheless, he was chosen as High Sheriff of Oxfordshire the following year. In 1640, he was chosen as member of the Short Parliament for Westbury, but was not elected to the Long Parliament.

He died around 1644, when the title passed to his son Thomas. The second Thomas died in 1674 when the title passed to his son, a third Thomas. He died in 1679 and the title passed to his brother, Fairmeadow. The title became extinct in 1705 with the death of Sir Fairmeadow. The family continued to occupy Cornwell House into the 19th century and the building (now called Cornwell Manor) still contains an 18th-century stone fireplace with Penyston family coat-of-arms.

References

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1591 births
1644 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of England
Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford
Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford
English MPs 1640 (April)
High Sheriffs of Oxfordshire