{|

{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=Canada
|Ship flag=
|Ship registry= Canada
|Ship name=SS Arlington
|Ship owner=Burke Towing and Salvage Company of Midland, Ontario
|Ship operator=Burke Towing and Salvage Company of Midland, Ontario
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder= Detroit Shipbuilding Company, Wyandotte, Michigan
|Ship yard number=
|Ship laid down=1913
|Ship launched=1913
|Ship completed=1913
|Ship christened=1913
|Ship maiden voyage=1913
|Ship identification=
|Ship acquired=1913
|Ship nickname=
|Ship in service=1913
|Ship out of service=1940
|Ship fate=lost after breaking up in heavy seas May 1, 1940
|Ship notes=
}}

|}SS Arlington' was a Great Lakes steamship which was sunk after breaking apart on Lake Superior on May 1, 1940.

Construction
Built in the yard of the Detroit Shipbuilding Company of Wyandotte, Michigan and intended for a career on the Great Lakes, the Arlington was a typical "canaller;" a steel-hulled, propeller-driven ship built to the specifications of the Saint Lawrence River locks as they existed at the time of her design and construction.

History
The Arlington was originally designated hull No. 192 in the Detroit Shipbuilding Company's yards in 1913, was first christened the F.P. Jones, then renamed the Glencadam in 1919.  The Mathews Steamship Company acquired her in 1936, and rechristened her Arlington, and the Burke Towing and Salvage Company retained the designation after purchasing her in 1936.  The Burke Company employed the Arlington in the grain hauling business in spring and fall, and pulp wood during the midsummer lull in traffic.  After the 1939 shipping season ended the Arlington's veteran skipper was released and the Burke Company hired Capt Frederick "Tatey Bug" Burke, brother of the ship's owners, to command the vessel for 1940.

Final voyage
Having been inspected and found to be in good order prior to the beginning of the 1940 season, the Arlington entered the harbor of Port Arthur, Ontario in late April, 1940, to be loaded with a cargo of about 98,000 bushels of wheat.  The ship steamed out of the port on the afternoon of April 30 shortly after the much larger , another lake freighter.  Though the Collingwood was larger and faster than the Arlington, it did not have a direction finder, which the Arlington did.  So, upon entering a fog, the Collingwoods captain, Thomas J. Carson, slowed his boat and allowed the Arlington to take the lead.

Though the routine weather reports indicated seasonably mild and breezy weather with light flurries, the low-slung Arlington – having only 3.5 feet of freeboard when fully loaded – was being boarded occasionally by heavy seas.  First mate Junis Macksey, a veteran ship's master in his own right, had instructed the wheelsman to follow a course along the north shore of Lake Superior, where the ship would be sheltered from the worst of the wind and waves, but where progress would be slower and less direct on its way to Whitefish Bay.  Captain Burke countermanded the order, and the more direct course away from shore was resumed.  First mate Macksey is said to have commented to Burke, "You just think you're going to Whitefish."

At 10:00pm on April 30 the wind kicked up to a gale and the seas began to consistently board the Arlington. As the seas worsened and the Arlington struggled to make headway, mate Macksey, who had taken over the pilothouse watch at 12:15am on May 1, became concerned about the state of the ship's hatches. At 12:30am both the Arlington and the Collingwood checked their speed to about 7.5 knots, and at the same time the Arlington turned into the wind in an attempt to allow second mate Arthur Ferris to venture out onto the deck to inspect the hatches. Captain Burke awoke from his sleep, entered the pilothouse, and turned the vessel back onto its original course once again.  Burke then returned to his cabin and went back to sleep. At 3:30am mate Macksey pounded on Burke's cabin door and insisted that the captain take command of his ship while Macksey himself attempted to inspect the hatches and repair them as necessary. But when Captain Burke finally entered the pilothouse to take command, it was clear that the number 5 hatch had burst and the Arlington had begun to take on water, and to list. At this point Captain Burke finally directed the wheelsman to set a course for the north shore, so that the ship could be grounded or beached, and later salvaged.

By 4:30am the fireman reported that the number 2 hold was filling with water, the cargo of wheat was expanding due to the dampness, the bulkhead was making cracking noises, and the hull was popping its rivets out.  Chief engineer Fred Gilbert announced that the ship was sinking, and the crew took the initiative to begin abandoning the ship.  The crew attempted to launch both of the ship's lifeboats – one could not be lowered into the water, but the other was successfully launched and brought around to the ship's lee, where it was sheltered from wind and waves – and the crew left the ship, all except for Captain Burke, who remained in the pilothouse.  According to the log of the Collingwood, which was standing by just 250 yards away, the Arlington foundered at 5:15am on May 1, and the lifeboat and its occupants were retrieved at 5:30am.:

Additional context and marine inquiry
However, there is another source the depicts the fate of "The Arlington Tragedy" with more detail. Below is an excerpt from R. Patrick Smith's published book "Steamboats, Sawlogs, and Salvage:  The Story of Burke Family and their Near Relatives".

"In late April 1940, the Arlington was bound for Owen Sound with Captain Fred Burke in command of a crew of 24.  Two of the crew were on their maiden voyage on the Great Lake.  They were both teenagers and very good players on the Midland junior hockey team.  A keen sports fan, Fred Burke served on Midland Arena Board. Chairman Angus Mcnabb had approached him about finding jobs for these young lads as they offered employment and positions on another junior hockey team in northern Ontario.  Unwillingly to see them leave town and weaken the hockey team, Fred gave them jobs as deckhands on his boat.

Arlington was bound for Owen Sound with 51,466 bushels of wheat in one hold and 46,312 bushels in the other hold.  For fuel for the boilers, there was 123 tons of coal aboard.  With all this, she drew just 17 feet of water.  This left about 3.5 feet of freeboard, which could present problems in rough weather.  With only 3.5 feet of ship between the waterline and deck level, the ship was at serious risk of being swamped in heavy seas.

On Lake Superior, spring voyages can often be a tough run for any type of vessel.  Waves of 10 or more feet high are not uncommon in the fall of the year.  For Captain Fred Burke, the weather on Lake Superior was not usually a problem.  But, he had been sailing big 'lakers' for the last several years of his sailing career, not little canallers like Arlington.  Almost immediately after leaving Port Arthur (now part of Lakehead, Ontario), a few minutes after noon, the wind and waves were howling across his decks in near gale force.

Fred was an impatient man and possibly too eager to get his first trip behind him.  He may well have wanted to show his brothers-now business partners that he was as good as any man on the Lakes at getting his vessel and cargo to port in the least possible time.  Against advice from First Mate Junis Macksey, Fred headed the Arlington directly to Whitefish Bay, instead of taking the longer, more sheltered route along the North Shore of Lake Superior.  The original course would roughly have followed the border between Canada and the United States across the center of Lake Superior, as the shortest route to the 'Soo'.

As the weather was coming from the north and northeast, they were in the troughs of the waves, and thus vulnerable to the extremes of the bad weather.  Had they headed for the north shore, the vessel would have met the waves nearly head-on and been on a much safer course.  Uncharacteristically, Fred spent most of the evening on April 30 in his cabin, seemingly oblivious to what was happening to his ship.  Fred was always a hands-on type of skipper, so this behavior was most unusual.

As Arlington had direction-finding gear aboard, which was a rarity in those days, the steam Collingwood was dogging her trail.  This was fortunate.  The tragedy that befell Arlington might have been much worse without the presence of the Collingwood and Captain Tom Carson, who was a good friend of the Burke brothers and also a native of Midland.  Collingwood was a big Laker, nearly twice the size of the Arlington, and had about 12 feet of freeboard.  Captain Carson had deliberately followed the Arlington because he was aware, not only of her superior direction-finding gear, but also of her ship-to-shore wireless.

The waves, driven by a 50 mile per hour wind, washing 10 feet over the hatches, tore the tarpaulins away.  These "tarps" were tightly wrapped over the wooden hatch covers to keep out water.  Their removal caused water to flow into the hatches, adding extra weight to the ship, and cause her to list five degrees to port.  This chain of events caused the water to extinguish the fires in the boilers, resulting in the loss of the steering and of motive power.  Then the wet grain began to swell, cause a pressure that dislodge the rivets in the bulkhead plates.  The sound of popping rivets could be heard clearly in the engine room in the stern.  Soon, Arlington was listing 30 degrees.  She sank within about 45 minutes from the time Captain Carson on Collingwood first noticed her listing.  Arlington sank of Superior Shoal in about 600 feet of water with only Captain Fred Burke still aboard.

A marine inquiry was convened soon after the disaster.  Arlington was judged to have been in a good state of repair, having been recently dry-docked for an intensive inspection.  What was lacking was a lifeline.  This is a steel cable that connects the bow and stern of the ship over the hatches.  Arlington's lifeline was not in place.  Had it been, crewmen might have been able to tie lines from themselves to the lifeline, and safely inspected and possibly repaired the hatch covers.  Such actions might well have saved the ship and Captain Burke.  There also was no means of communication, such as an intercom, between the pilot-house and the engine room.  Had such a device been in place, the officers on the bridge might have advised sooner of the flooding in the engine room and taken correction action...

At the inquiry, most of the survivors agreed that something was wrong with Captain Burke.  He seem indecisive and mumbled when his officers described the condition of the ship during the critical moments.  The account, "The Enigma of Tatey Bug Burke" in Dwight Boyer's book, True Tales of the Great Lakes, gives the impression that Captain Burke's faculties had steadily declined since an incident in 1924 when he had saved the lives of two men.  This was not so, Fred's difficulties began a few hours after Arlington left Port Arthur, at eight minutes after noon on April 30, 1940...

While nearly all the survivors mentioned at least one aspect of Captain Burke's strange behavior, when it was clear that the ship was about to sink, no one came to his assistance.  All witnesses stated there was no panic aboard and there was time to get everyone off the ship."

Notes

References

Clifford J. Martel (1913-2015), brother of Fred Martel of Little Current, Ontario, who was Cook No. 1 on the Arlington'' at the time of the sinking, reported December 27, 2010, that his brother Fred told him shortly after the sinking that the Captain had refused the crew's request to launch life boats and abandon ship, claiming that to do so without his authorization was an act of mutiny. The crew launched a life boat anyway and the ship sank by the bow within 15 minutes, showing the rudder and propeller as the stern rose into the air. Captain Burke remained on board and went down with the ship.

External links
 http://www.boatnerd.com/swayze/shipwreck/a.htm

1913 ships
Great Lakes freighters
World War II merchant ships of Canada
Shipwrecks of Lake Superior
Maritime incidents in May 1940
Ships built in Wyandotte, Michigan


New Grafton  is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Region of Queens Municipality .

References
New Grafton on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in the Region of Queens Municipality
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Véraza may refer to:
 Véraza commune in Aude department, France
 Véraza culture, archaeological culture (local development of the Chasséen culture), dated appr. 3400/3300 and 2700/2600 BC and named after the aforesaid commune.


Triplemanía XI was the eleventh Triplemanía professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on June 15, 2003, in Naucalpan, Mexico. The Main event featured an Eight-man "Atómicos" tag team match where the team of Lizmark, La Parka, Octagón and Super Caló faced the team of Abismo Negro, Cibernético and The Headhunters.

Production

Background
In early 1992 Antonio Peña was working as a booker and storyline writer for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Mexico's largest and the world's oldest wrestling promotion, and was frustrated by CMLL's very conservative approach to lucha libre. He joined forced with a number of younger, very talented wrestlers who felt like CMLL was not giving them the recognition they deserved and decided to split from CMLL to create Asistencia Asesoría y Administración later simply known as "AAA" or Triple A. After making a deal with the Televisa television network AAA held their first show in April 1992. The following year Peña and AAA held their first Triplemanía event, building it into an annual event that would become AAA's Super Bowl event, similar to the WWE's WrestleMania being the biggest show of the year. The 2003 Triplemanía was the 11th year in a row AAA held a Triplemanía show and the 16th overall show under the Triplemanía banner.

Storylines
The Triplemanía XI show featured six professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as rudos in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces (técnicos in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

Results

References

External links
Triplemanía XI at LuchaLibreAAA.com

2003 in professional wrestling
Triplemanía
June 2003 events in Mexico


Triplemanía XII was the twelfth Triplemanía professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on June 20, 2004 in Naucalpan, Mexico like the previous year’s event. The Main event featured a Lucha de Apuestas "Mask vs. mask" match between La Parka and Cibernético.

Production

Background
In early 1992 Antonio Peña was working as a booker and storyline writer for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Mexico's largest and the world's oldest wrestling promotion, and was frustrated by CMLL's very conservative approach to lucha libre. He joined forced with a number of younger, very talented wrestlers who felt like CMLL was not giving them the recognition they deserved and decided to split from CMLL to create Asistencia Asesoría y Administración, later known simply as "AAA" or Triple A. After making a deal with the Televisa television network AAA held their first show in April 1992. The following year Peña and AAA held their first Triplemanía event, building it into an annual event that would become AAA's Super Bowl event, similar to the WWE's WrestleMania being the biggest show of the year. The 2004 Triplemanía was the 12th year in a row AAA held a Triplemanía show and the 17th overall show under the Triplemanía banner.

Storylines
The Triplemanía XII show featured six professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as rudos in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces (técnicos in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

Results

References

External links
Triplemanía XII at LuchaLibreAAA.com

2004 in professional wrestling
Triplemanía
June 2004 events in Mexico


Triplemanía XIII was the thirteenth Triplemanía professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on June 20, 2005 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. The Main event featured a Six-man "Lucha Libre rules" tag team match between the teams of Latin Lover, La Parka and Octagón and Los Hell Brothers (Chessman and Cibernético) teaming with Fuerza Guerrera.

Production

Background
In early 1992 Antonio Peña was working as a booker and storyline writer for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Mexico's largest and the world's oldest wrestling promotion, and was frustrated by CMLL's very conservative approach to lucha libre. He joined forced with a number of younger, very talented wrestlers who felt like CMLL was not giving them the recognition they deserved and decided to split from CMLL to create Asistencia Asesoría y Administración, later known simply as "AAA" or Triple A. After making a deal with the Televisa television network AAA held their first show in April 1992. The following year Peña and AAA held their first Triplemanía event, building it into an annual event that would become AAA's Super Bowl event, similar to the WWE's WrestleMania being the biggest show of the year. The 2005 Triplemanía was the 13th year in a row AAA held a Triplemanía show and the 18th overall show under the Triplemanía banner.

Storylines
The Triplemanía XIII show featured six professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as rudos in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces (técnicos in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

Results

References

External links
Triplemanía XIII at LuchaLibreAAA.com

2005 in professional wrestling
Triplemanía
May 2005 events in Mexico


Triplemanía XIV was the fourteenth Triplemanía professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on June 18, 2006 in Naucalpan, Mexico. The Main event featured a Lucha de Apuestas "Mask vs. Mask" match. The two men that put their masks on the line were La Parka and Muerte Cibernética.

Production

Background
In early 1992 Antonio Peña was working as a booker and storyline writer for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Mexico's largest and the world's oldest wrestling promotion, and was frustrated by CMLL's very conservative approach to lucha libre. He joined forced with a number of younger, very talented wrestlers who felt like CMLL was not giving them the recognition they deserved and decided to split from CMLL to create Asistencia Asesoría y Administración, later simply known as "AAA" or Triple A. After making a deal with the Televisa television network AAA held their first show in April 1992. The following year Peña and AAA held their first Triplemanía event, building it into an annual event that would become AAA's Super Bowl event, similar to the WWE's WrestleMania being the biggest show of the year. The 2006 Triplemanía was the 14th year in a row AAA held a Triplemanía show and the 19th overall show under the Triplemanía banner.

Storylines
The Triplemanía XIV show featured seven professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as rudos in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces (técnicos in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

Results

References

External links
Triplemanía XIV at LuchaLibreAAA.com

2006 in professional wrestling
Triplemanía
June 2006 events in North America


Jordantown, is an African Canadian community, originally named Brindley Town, in Nova Scotia, Canada, located in The Municipality of the District of Digby in Digby County.

Members of the community can trace their ancestral roots back over 200 years, when black people first came to Nova Scotia as Black Loyalists who joined British colonial forces during the American Revolutionary War.

References
Jordantown on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Digby County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


The Colts' flagship station from 1984 to 1998 and again starting in the 2007 season is WIBC 1070AM (renamed WFNI as of December 26, 2007); under the new contract, games are simulcast on WLHK 97.1 FM. From 1998 through 2006, the Colts' flagship station was WFBQ 94.7FM (with additional programming on WNDE 1260AM). Matt Taylor is the team's play-by-play announcer, holding that title since 2018 following Bob Lamey's retirement. Former Colts defensive coordinator and interim coach Rick Venturi is the color commentator, and Larra Overton joined as sideline reporter in 2019.

JJ Stankevitz became the team's public address announcer in 2022, replacing Mike Jansen, who had held the job since 1998.

Indianapolis Colts radio announcers

Prior to the 2021 season, the AM frequency of WFNI went dark; however, its simulcast on WFNI's repeater stations at 93.5 FM and 107.5 FM continued, alongside WLHK's broadcasts.

Baltimore Colts radio announcers

References

Indianapolis Colts
broadcasters


The Boston Reds may refer to the following:

Boston Reds (1890–1891) - Major League Baseball team that played in the Players' League in 1890, and in the American Association in 1891.
Boston Reds (1884) - Major League Baseball team that played in the Union Association in 1884.
Boston Reds (minor league) - Minor league baseball team that played in the New England League in 1893.


Woodlawn Historic District may refer to:

in the United States
(by state)
 Woodlawn Historic District (Birmingham, Alabama), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Alabama
 Woodlawn Highlands Historic District, Birmingham, AL, listed on the NRHP in Alabama
 Woodlawn Commercial Historic District, Birmingham, AL, listed on the NRHP in Alabama
 Woodlawn Historic District (Athens, Georgia), listed on the NRHP in Georgia
 Woodlawn Historic District (Lincolnton, Georgia), listed on the NRHP in Georgia
 Woodlawn Historic District (Iowa City, Iowa), listed on the NRHP in Iowa
 Woodlawn Historic District (Natchez, Mississippi), listed on the NRHP in Mississippi
Woodlawn Avenue Row, Buffalo, NY, listed on the NRHP in New York
Woodlawn (Alexandria, Virginia), listed on the NRHP in Virginia
 Woodlawn Historic and Archeological District, Port Conway, VA, listed on the NRHP in Virginia

See also
Woodlawn (disambiguation)
Woodlawn Cemetery (disambiguation)
Woodlawn Farm (disambiguation)


The Rape Crisis Movement began in the 1970s when activists and members of counter-culture began to openly confront or breaking the silence on the issue of rape. Movement members and supporters brought the issue to the public commons by vocalizing the suffering that occurs a result of rape.  At the time the movement was considered radical because it destabilized the existing social norms. The movement was concerned with the experiences of women and is credited with the legitimization of victim claims. Prior to the movement, rape victims involved in legal trials were subjected to further victimization at the hands of defense attorneys and the court system. Victims' rights and protection became a focus as a result of the movement.

History
Before the 1970s rape was used to control and undermine women. During the time of slavery, African American enslaved women were legally allowed to be raped by white men. Even after slavery ended, sexual violence was a tactic used to keep the African American population from gaining civil rights or political power.

Once the Civil War ended and slaves were freed with the right to vote and own land society began to be particularly violent. Mobs burned churches, raped Black women, and much more. Following this in 1866, the Ku Klux Klan raped, lynched, and oppressed the Black communities.

During the Memphis Riot of 1866, a group of African American women testified in front of Congress, ultimately breaking the silence regarding rape.

In the early 1970s the Rape Crisis Movement was conceptualized and promoted by women focused on the experiences of rape victims. Leftist activists and members of counter-culture were among the first to join the movement. Early goals of the movement included disrupting and changing social norms that promoted the oppression of women and violence against them and the creation of a support network that engendered fear and blame free environments where women were safe to join a process of self and mutual aid.

In 1974 the US Government granted funding to Pittsburg Action Against Rape. this was the first time the Federal Government provided financial aid to a rape center. By the late 1970s the United States had over 1,000 rape crises centers in operation. During the same period of time the ideology of the movement shifted. Prior to 1974 most member movements self identified as radical feminist. By the end of the 1970s most members and crisis support staff self identified as liberal reformists. The movement began to become increasingly professionalized in the early 1980s, focusing on organizational structure, staffing, funding and legislation.

Legislation
Changes: Many states reformed their laws to redefine the consequences of rape convictions.  The new penalty would be a gradation of offenses compared to when it used to be a single offense.  More importantly, certain laws or requirements were repealed which allowed for women to have more authority in their trials.  The first element to be repealed was the requirement that the victim's testimony had to be corroborated by a witness.   It was also repealed that the victim had to have physically resisted the attacker.  This aspect particularly protected women with disabilities since they may not have the complete ability to ward off an assailant.

Rape Shield Laws:  The enactment of rape shield laws also helped to provide further protection for rape victims during trial.  These laws were created to restrict the past sexual history of the victim from being used against them during the trial.  Formerly, some defendants’ cases revolved around discrediting the victim's claims by claiming that she was promiscuous so it was likely to be consensual.

See also
Anti-rape movement
Rape crisis centre
Rape crisis centers in the United States
Sexual harassment
International Violence Against Women Act

References

Rape
Social movements
Feminist movement
Feminism in the United States
Feminism and society


, the New York Giants' flagship radio station is WFAN-AM/FM. Games that overlap with New York Yankees baseball broadcasts in the early season are carried strictly by WFAN’s AM signal at 660 AM while the Yankees broadcasts are carried strictly over the FM signal at 101.9 FM.

Preseason telecasts not seen nationally air in the area on WNBC, "NBC 4 HD."

Past
WFAN has produced the Giants' radio broadcasts since the mid-'90s, but has not always aired them on the station. The first year of production saw the games airing on the team's flagship station at the time, WOR. For the following season, the radio casts aired simultaneously on both WOR and WFAN, with the games moving solely to the latter the next year. In 1999 WFAN decided to begin airing the Giants broadcast on sister station WNEW-FM, a practice it ended after one season. The Giants' radio casts moved back to WFAN and has been there ever since.

The Giants' longtime radio home was WNEW-AM, where games aired from the mid-1950s until 1993 when the station was bought by Bloomberg L.P. and changed its format. Marty Glickman teamed with Al DeRogatis for a long stretch beginning in the early 1960s on WNEW-AM. Chip Cipolla and later Sam Huff joined Glickman after DeRogatis left to join Curt Gowdy on NBC. After the WNEW split, games began airing on WOR. Glickman moved to the crosstown Jets in 1973 and was succeeded by Marv Albert. Jim Gordon succeeded Albert in 1977, beginning an 18-year tenure as the Giants' play-by-play voice. Meanwhile, Dick Lynch took over as color analyst in 1976 and continued in that role through the 2007 season, with his last game being Super Bowl XLII. Lynch did not return to the booth for 2008 due to illness (leukemia), which took his life in September 2008.

Eventually, Gordon and Lynch were joined by Karl Nelson, a former lineman for the Giants. Gordon and Nelson were fired after the 1994 season, after which Papa took over the play-by-play (after being studio host) and led a two-man booth with Lynch. The broadcast team would not have another third member until Dave Jennings was fired from his job as a radio analyst for the Jets in 2002. Jennings was moved to the pregame show after the 2006 season and was replaced by Carl Banks.

After WFAN began airing games Richard Neer served as pregame and postgame host. Eventually, Sid Rosenberg served as pregame and postgame host for home games. They were replaced by Chris Carlin, who in turn was replaced by Salzberg for 2008.

The Giants were carried on the DuMont Network, then CBS (New York's Channel 2) in the early TV days of the NFL, when home games were blacked out within a 75-mile radius of New York City. Chris Schenkel was their play-by-play announcer in that early era when each team was assigned its own network voice on its regional telecasts. At the time, there were few if any true national telecasts until the NFL championship game, which was carried by NBC. Schenkel was joined by Jim McKay, later Johnny Lujack through the 1950s and the early 1960s. As Giants players retired to the broadcast booth in the early and 1960s, first Pat Summerall, then Frank Gifford took the color analyst slot next to Schenkel. As the 1970 merger of the NFL and AFL approached, CBS moved to a more generic announcer approach and Schenkel was off the broadcasts.

Giants regular-season Sunday telecasts moved to Fox when that network took over NFC telecasts in 1994.

Broadcasters by year

References

New York Giants

broadcasters
CBS Radio Sports


The Woodlawn Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. At the time of its nomination it consisted of 14 resources, all of which are contributing buildings. The district is largely on Woodlawn Street, a gravel dead-end extension of Iowa Avenue. The eastern terminus of Iowa Avenue was originally planned to be a block to the west and was to be the location of the Governor's Mansion, but it was never built. The Old Capitol is on western terminus of the same street. The district is an enclave of upper-middle-class houses on Woodlawn and Evans Streets. Nine of the houses were built in the late 19th century, two were built in the 1920s, and two were built in mid-20th century. There is also a four-story Tudor Revival apartment building on Evans Street that was built in 1926. All of the buildings are located on deep set-backs on large landscaped lots that provide seclusion and cohesion, which is what gives them their significance. The most prominent house is a Queen Anne style home at 1036 Woodlawn Street.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Iowa City, Iowa
Queen Anne architecture in Iowa
Historic districts in Iowa City, Iowa
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa


The Eagles games were first broadcast in 1939 on WCAU and have been continuously broadcast since. Beginning with the 2008 season, Eagles games were broadcast on both WYSP (now WIP-FM) and Sports Radio 610 WIP, as both stations were owned and operated by CBS Radio. Merrill Reese, who joined the Eagles in the mid-1970s, is the play-by-play announcer, and former Eagles wide receiver Mike Quick is the color analyst. Former Eagles linebacker Bill Bergey is among several Eagles post-game commentators on the FM.

Most preseason games are televised on WCAU, the local NBC owned and operated station. Television announcers for these preseason games are Scott Graham and Ross Tucker.

Eagles radio announcers

Philadelphia Eagles
CBS Radio Sports
broadcasters


Rhino Horn bananas, also called Rhino Horn plantains or African Rhino Horn, are hybrid banana cultivars from Africa. It produces strongly curved and elongated edible bananas which can grow to a length of two feet, the longest fruits among banana cultivars.

Taxonomy
The Rhino Horn banana is a triploid (AAB Group, commonly known as Horn plantains) hybrid of the seeded banana Musa balbisiana and Musa acuminata.

Its official designation is Musa acuminata × balbisiana (AAB Group) 'African Rhino Horn'.

Description
Rhino Horn banana plants can grow to a height of 12 to 20 feet. The pseudostem and leaves are dappled red.

Rhino Horn bananas have the longest fruits among banana cultivars, reaching up to 2 feet in length, though they normally only reach lengths of 12 to 14 inches. They produce two to four hands per bunch.

Uses
Fruits of the Rhino Horn bananas can be eaten raw or cooked. They are also cultivated as ornamental plants for their attractive coloration.

Pests and diseases

Common pests

Borers (Cosmopolites sordidus)
Grasshoppers
Root Nematodes (Radopholus similis)

Common diseases

Panama disease (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense)
Black Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis)

See also
 Banana
 List of banana cultivars - Banana cultivar groups
 Musa
 Musa acuminata
 Musa balbisiana
 Plantain

References

Banana cultivars


Boulevard Historic District may refer to:

 Boulevard Historic District (Athens, Georgia), listed on the NRHP in Georgia
 Boulevard Subdivision Historic District, Greenwood, MS, listed on the NRHP in Mississippi
 Boulevards Historic District, Lincoln, NE, listed on the NRHP in Nebraska
 Boulevard Oaks Historic District, Houston, TX, listed on the NRHP in Texas
 Boulevard Historic District (Richmond, Virginia), listed on the NRHP in Virginia


The team's flagship station is WBIG-FM (Big 100.3), having been selected as the team's broadcast partner after following a partnership with iHeartMedia in 2022. The team's previous longtime broadcast home was previously WTEM, by virtue of previously being owned by Red Zebra Broadcasting, a group co-owned by Snyder.

References

Washington Commanders
Broadcasters


Pockwock is one of four Black Nova Scotian settlements in Upper Hammonds Plains. People in this area are mostly descendants of War of 1812 refugees. It is located in the Halifax Regional Municipality in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The Halifax Regional Water Commission uses Pockwock Lake as a source for water for the communities of Halifax, Bedford and Lower Sackville.

Climate

References

External links
Explore HRM
Pockwock
The Pockwock-Bowater Watershed

Communities in Halifax, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


The Minsk Ghetto was created soon after the German invasion of the Soviet Union. It was one of the largest in the Byelorussian SSR, and the largest in the German-occupied territory of the Soviet Union. It housed close to 100,000 Jews, most of whom were murdered in The Holocaust.

History
The Soviet census of 1926 showed 53,700 Jews living in Minsk (constituting close to 41% of the city's inhabitants).

The ghetto was created on 28 June 1941, soon after the German invasion of the Soviet Union and capture of the city of Minsk, capital of the Byelorussian SSR. On the fifth day after the occupation, 2,000 Jewish intelligentsia were massacred by the Germans; from then on, murders of Jews became a common occurrence. About 20,000 Jews were murdered within the first few months of the German occupation, mostly by the Einsatzgruppen squads.

On 17 July 1941, the German occupational authority, the Reichskommissariat Ostland, was created. On 20 July, the Minsk Ghetto was established. A Jewish Council (Judenrat) was established as well. The total population of the ghetto was about 80,000 (over 100,000 according to some sources), of whom about 50,000 were pre-war inhabitants, and the remainder (30,000 or more) were refugees and Jews forcibly resettled by the Germans from nearby settlements.

In November 1941 a second ghetto was established in Minsk for Jews deported from the West, known as Ghetto Hamburg, which adjoined the main Minsk ghetto. Above the entrance to this separate ghetto was a sign: Sonderghetto (Special Ghetto). Every night the Gestapo would murder 70–80 of the new arrivals. This ghetto was divided into five sections, according to the places from which the inhabitants came: Hamburg, Berlin, the Rhineland, Bremen, and Vienna. Most of the Jews in this ghetto were from Germany and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia; the largest number it held at once was about 35,000 residents. Little contact was permitted between the inhabitants of the two ghettos.

As in many other ghettos, Jews were forced to work in factories or other German-run operations. Ghetto inhabitants lived in extremely poor conditions, with insufficient stocks of food and medical supplies.

On 2 March 1942, the ghetto's nursery or orphanage was "liquidated"; the children were buried alive in a pit after the murderers had tossed them candy: At that moment, several SS officers, among them Wilhelm Kube, arrived, whereupon Kube, immaculate in his uniform, threw handfuls of sweets to the shrieking children. All the children perished in the sand. In March 1942, approximately 5,000 Jews were killed nearby where "The Pit" memorial to the Minsk ghetto now stands. On 31 March, the Germans raided the ghetto to arrest Resistance leaders, and much of the ghetto, including the synagogue, was burned.

By August, fewer than 9,000 Jews were left in the ghetto, according to German official documents. The ghetto was liquidated on 21 October 1943, with many Minsk Jews perishing in the Sobibor extermination camp. Several thousands were massacred at Maly Trostenets extermination camp (before the war, Maly Trostenets was a village a few miles to the east of Minsk). By the time the Red Army retook the city on 3 July 1944, there were only a few Jewish survivors.

Resistance

The Minsk Ghetto is notable for its large scale resistance organization, which cooperated closely with Soviet partisans. About 10,000 Jews were able to escape the ghetto and join  partisan groups in the nearby forests. Barbara Epstein estimates that perhaps half of them survived, and notes that all together, perhaps as many as 30,000 people tried to escape the Minsk Ghetto to join the partisans (but 20,000 of them could have died along the way).

Notable inmates
Rokhl Brokhes (1882—1942?), writer
Paula Fürst (1894–1942?), educational reformer
Ida Jenbach (1868–1941?), journalist, playwright and screenwriter
Hanna Krasnapiorka (1925—2000), writer and journalist
Heinz Rosenberg (1921–1997), writer
Anatoly Rubin (1927–2017), writer, athlete, teacher
Cläre Tisch (1907–1942?), economist
Simcha Zorin (1902–1974), partisan

See also
 Maly Trostenets extermination camp
 The Holocaust in Belarus
 Jewish ghettos of Europe

References

Further reading
 Barbara Epstein, The Minsk Ghetto 1941–1943: Jewish Resistance and Soviet Internationalism, University of California Press, 2008,  ()
 Hersh Smolar, The Minsk Ghetto: Soviet-Jewish Partisans Against the Nazis, Holocaust Library, 1989,

External links
 Map of the Minsk Ghetto at USHMM

 Minsk Ghetto Photographs
 1943 Minsk Ghetto List
  Political Controversy Marks Anniversary Of Minsk Ghetto's Destruction, Radio Free Europe, October 22, 2008
 'Interviews from the Underground: The Minsk Ghetto Resistance'

Einsatzgruppen
Minsk Ghetto
Ghetto
Holocaust locations in Belarus
Jewish ghettos in Nazi-occupied Belarus
Jews and Judaism in Minsk


, the Seahawks' flagship stations are 710 KIRO-AM and 97.3 KIRO-FM. 710 AM is the only AM radio station the team has ever been affiliated with,  although it has been simulcast on various FM radio stations co-owned with KIRO. The current announcers are former Seahawks receiver Steve Raible (who was the team's color commentator from 1982–2003) and former Seahawks linebacker Dave Wyman. Pete Gross, who called the games from 1976 until just days before his death from cancer in 1992, is a member of the team's Ring of Honor. Games are heard on 46 stations in five states and Canada.

Past
Past announcers include: Steve Thomas (Radio: 1992–1997), Lee Hamilton also known as "Hacksaw" (Radio: 1998–1999), and Brian Davis (Radio: 2000–2003). Preseason games not shown on national networks are televised by Seattle's local Fox affiliate, KCPQ-TV channel 13. Curt Menefee is the current preseason voice of the Seahawks, while Brock Huard provides color commentary on preseason telecasts.

Radio broadcasters

References

Seattle Seahawks
broadcasters


The , formerly known as the , is an annual classical music festival held in August and September in Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, founded in 1992 by conductor Seiji Ozawa.

The festival's resident orchestra is the renowned Saito Kinen Orchestra.

References

External links
Official Website

Music festivals established in 1992
Classical music festivals in Japan
Music festivals in Japan
Classical music in Japan
Tourist attractions in Nagano Prefecture
1992 establishments in Japan


This article is a list of the Los Angeles Rams broadcasters.

The Los Angeles Rams were the first National Football League (NFL) team to televise both their home and away games during the 1950 NFL season. The 1951 NFL Championship Game was the first Championship Game televised coast-to-coast.

St. Louis
After relocating to St. Louis, from 1995–1999 the Rams games were broadcast on KSD 93.7 FM. Preseason games not shown on a national broadcast network were seen on KTVI, Channel 2, and were also seen in L.A. on KCOP, "MyNetworkTV channel 13."

Radio
From 2000–2008, KLOU FM 103.3 was the Rams flagship station with Steve Savard as the play-by-play announcer. Until October 2005, Jack Snow had been the color analyst for nearly 20 years, dating back to the team's first stint in the Los Angeles area. Snow left the booth after suffering an illness and died in January 2006. Former Rams offensive line coach and former St. Louis Cardinals head coach Jim Hanifan joined the KLOU as the color analyst the year after Jack Snow's departure. They were joined by analyst D'Marco Farr and sideline reporter Malcolm Briggs.

From 2009– 2015, the Rams' flagship radio station was 101 ESPN which was at the time a new sports station in St. Louis. For these broadcasts, Steve Savard was the play by play announcer, flanked by color commentator D'Marco Farr. Brian Stull served as the sideline reporter, and the pregame and postgame coverage was anchored by St. Louis coaching legend Jim Hanifan, along with hosts Randy Karraker for pregame and Cliff Saunders for postgame, among other 101 ESPN personalities.

Los Angeles

Radio

The Los Angeles Rams’ flagship radio stations are KSPN (710 AM) and KCBS-FM (93.1 FM) in the Los Angeles market.  Other stations around California, including 50,000 watt AM 1090 XEPRS in Tijuana-San Diego ("The Mighty 1090") also carry the broadcasts.

The announcers are Pac-12 network play-by-play announcer J.B. Long and former Pro Bowl running back Maurice Jones-Drew as the color analyst, with D'Marco Farr serving as sideline reporter. In the team's original Los Angeles stint, 710 AM (in its KMPC years) was the team's radio flagship for nearly the team's entire first tenure in the region.

Television

ABC affiliate KABC-TV serves as the team’s official preseason television home. From 2016-2019, CBS affiliate KCBS-TV served as the team's preseason television home. Both stations, in conjunction with the Rams, also had produce ancillary team programming, with KCBS airing the Rams on 2:The Coaches Show (hosted by KCBS-TV sports anchor and director Jim Hill) on Saturday evenings during game weeks. Rams preseason games are also carried in Spanish, with Univision-owned KMEX and its sister station, KFTR (UniMas) originating the broadcasts. Univision's KABE and KBTF (UniMas) broadcast those games in the neighboring Bakersfield market.

The majority of Rams regular season games are aired on Fox affiliate, KTTV, by virtue of being members of Fox having the rights to NFC games, as part of parent network Fox's NFL Sunday afternoon package. When the Rams host an AFC opponent, games air on CBS affiliate KCBS-TV as part of CBS's coverage and Sunday Night Football games that air on KNBC. Monday Night Football games are also televised in the Los Angeles area on KABC-TV when the Rams play a Monday night game.

References

Lists of National Football League announcers by team
broadcasters


Radio
The Buccaneers' current flagship radio station is WXTB, 97.9 FM Tampa. Prior to the 2017 season, 620 AM WDAE broadcast the games. A network of Florida radio stations simulcast the games. The play-by-play announcer since 1989 has been Gene Deckerhoff. Former Bucs tight end Dave Moore joined Deckerhoff as analyst for the 2007 season. T. J. Rives works as the sideline reporter.

The current line up of Tampa Bay Buccaneers radio affiliates is:

Tampa - 97.9 FM WXTB
Tampa - 96.1 FM WTMP-FM and 1470 AM WMGG (Spanish-language broadcasts)
Fort Myers - 770 AM and 104.3 FM WBCN
Hernando County - 1450 AM WWJB
Miami - 940 AM WINZ
Orlando - 740 AM and 96.9 FM WYGM
Space Coast/Treasure Coast - 95.9 FM WROK
West Palm Beach - 640 AM WMEN

Past
Broadcast legend and former Green Bay Packers announcer Ray Scott was the play-by-play man for the Bucs' 1976 and 1977 seasons. In 1978, Dick Crippen called the games for the first half of the season while Jim Gallogly did so for the second half. Mark Champion held the position from 1979 to 1988.

Former Buccaneer Hardy Nickerson served as color commentator for one season in 2006, until he signed with the Bears as a linebackers coach on February 23, 2007. Nickerson had replaced Scot Brantley, who was the commentator from 1999 through 2005. Jesse Ventura, the famous professional wrestler, actor, and former governor of Minnesota, was Deckerhoff's partner on the Bucs radio broadcasts for one year and was known for exclaiming "positively Gene", 1990, and former Buc David Logan held that position after Ventura until his death after the 1998 season. Dave Kocourek and Fran Curci were also color commentors for the Buccaneers during their earlier years.

Ronnie Lane previously worked as a sideline reporter.

The Bucs have broadcast on FM radio since signing with Top 40 station 104.7 WRBQ-FM in 1992. The team moved to 99.5 WQYK-FM, in 1994, then to WFUS in 2004.

Television
While regular season and post-season games in the NFL are all broadcast by national television contracts on CBS, FOX, NBC, ESPN and NFL Network, the television broadcasts are for the most part handled by the individual teams. Preseason games not picked up for national broadcast are broadcast, beginning in 2011 on WTSP Channel 10, the Tampa CBS affiliate, after having been on WFLA Channel 8, from 2003 through 2010. WFTV Channel 9 simulcasts the broadcast in the Orlando area. Chris Myers is the play-by-play announcer with Ronde Barber as color commentator. Both Myers and Barber work nationally with FOX Sports.
CBS, FOX and NBC games are shown respectively in Tampa Bay on WTSP, WTVT and WFLA, while they are shown respectively in Orlando on WKMG, WOFL and WESH.  Monday Night Football games are simulcast locally on WFTS, and NFL Network games can be seen locally on WFLA-TV.

Past
WTOG Channel 44 was the previous home to Buccaneer preseason games for many years, ending in 2002. Former CBS play-by-play and ESPN golf broadcaster Jim Kelly was the play-by-play announcer for many of those games in the 1980s and early 1990s, and Hank Stram and Joe Namath were commentators. In the early years of the franchise, WTVT-13, then a CBS affiliate, broadcast some Buccaneer preseason games. Sports anchor Andy Hardy handled the play-by-play, and for one game in 1978, his broadcast partner was his friend, Florida State alumni and movie actor Burt Reynolds. Ron Jaworski previously served as color commentator, until he signed with MNF for 2007.

By year
data not complete

References

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
broadcasters


The New Orleans Saints' flagship radio stations are WWL AM 870 and WWL-FM 105.3.  WWL 870 is a 50,000 watt clear channel station, the most powerful in New Orleans.  The radio network has affiliates in numerous cities around Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas.

Current staff
Mike Hoss (play-by-play), Deuce McAllister (color commentator), and Kristian Garic (sideline reporter) form the broadcast team.  Former Saints quarterback Bobby Hebert hosts the post-game call-in show, "The Point After," and also performs pre-game and halftime commentary.

Past Staff
Veteran sportscaster Al Wester served as the Saints' play-by-play announcer during its first four seasons (1967–1970). Longtime announcer Jim Henderson has led the broadcast team almost continuously since the mid-1980s, his tenure covering the franchise's periods of greatest success.  Henderson announced his retirement following the 2017 season.  One week later, Wester died at age 93.

Over the years, color commentators have included such notable former Saints players as quarterback Archie Manning, wide receiver Danny Abramowicz, and running backs Jim Taylor, Hokie Gajan, and Deuce McAllister.

References

New Orleans Saints
broadcasters


The Panthers' flagship radio stations are WBT in Charlotte and WBT-FM in Chester, S.C. The announcing team consists of Mick Mixon, Jake Delhomme, and Jim Szoke. Most preseason games are locally broadcast by Charlotte's CW affiliate, WCCB channel 18.

Panthers radio announcers

Carolina Panthers
Broadcasters


Five Island Lake is a lake in the Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is situated west of the city of Halifax and east of St. Margaret's Bay.

References
Explore HRM
 Five Island Lake

Communities in Halifax, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Gustaf Johansson may refer to:

 Gustaf Johansson (bishop) (1844–1930), Archbishop of Turku, Finland
 Gustaf Johansson (ice hockey) (1900–1971), Swedish ice hockey player
 Gustaf Torsten Johansson, Swedish philatelist
 Gustaf Johansson (swimmer), Swedish Short Course Swimming Championships men's 200m butterfly champion 1992–1993


Global Zero is an international non-partisan group of 300 world leaders dedicated to achieving the elimination of nuclear weapons. The initiative, launched in December 2008, promotes a phased withdrawal and verification for the destruction of all devices held by official and unofficial members of the nuclear club. The Global Zero campaign works toward building an international consensus and a sustained global movement of leaders and citizens for the elimination of nuclear weapons.

Goals include the initiation of United States–Russia bilateral negotiations for reductions to 1,000 total warheads each and commitments from the other key nuclear weapons countries to participate in multilateral negotiations for phased reductions of nuclear arsenals. Global Zero works to expand the diplomatic dialogue with key governments and continue to develop policy proposals on the critical issues related to the elimination of nuclear weapons.

Action plan
The Global Zero plan for the phased, verified elimination of all nuclear weapons is a four-phased strategy to reach a global zero accord over 14 years (2010–2023) and to complete the dismantlement of all remaining nuclear warheads over the following seven years (2024–2030).

Phase 1 (2010–2013) Following conclusion of a START replacement accord, negotiate a bilateral accord for the United States and Russia to reduce to 1,000 total warheads each.

Phase 2 (2014–2018) In a multilateral framework, the U.S. and Russia reach agreement to reduce to 500 total warheads each (to be implemented by 2021) as long as all other nuclear weapons countries agree to freeze their stockpiles until 2018, followed by proportional reductions until 2021. Establish a comprehensive verification and enforcement system, and strengthen safeguards on the civilian nuclear fuel cycle to prevent diversion of materials to build weapons.

Phase 3 (2019–2023) Negotiate a global zero accord, signed by all nuclear capable countries, for the phased, verified, proportional reduction of all nuclear arsenals to zero total warheads by 2030.

Phase 4 (2024–2030) Complete the phased, verified, proportional reduction of all nuclear arsenals to zero total warheads by 2030 and continue the verification and enforcement system.

In releasing the plan, the Commission noted that over the past twenty years (1989–2009), the United States and Russia retired and destroyed twice as many nuclear warheads (40,000+) as this action plan proposes (20,000+) over the next twenty years (2009–2030).

History
Global Zero was launched in Paris in December 2008 by more than 100 political, civic, and military leaders. There, they announced a framework plan for the elimination of nuclear weapons, starting with deep reductions to the U.S. and Russian arsenals. Global Zero gave letters signed by more than 90 Global Zero leaders to President of the United States Barack Obama and President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev, urging them to commit to the elimination of nuclear weapons. Global Zero Commissioners Senator Chuck Hagel and Ambassador Richard Burt met with President Medvedev in Moscow and discussed the agenda.

On April 1, 2009, the two presidents met in London and issued a historic joint statement committing their "two countries to achieving a nuclear free world" and three days later in a speech in Prague, President Obama declared his intention to "seek to include all nuclear weapons states in this endeavor." On the day of the meeting, the Times (of London) published an op-ed authored by six Global Zero leaders. Negotiations began between the two countries for a New START nuclear arms reduction treaty.

Prior to the July 6–8, 2009 Obama–Medvedev Summit, the international Global Zero Commission of 23 political and military leaders released a comprehensive, end-to-end plan for the elimination of nuclear weapons over the next 20 years. At their Summit, Presidents Obama and Medvedev announced a framework agreement for new reductions to U.S. and Russian arsenals—a critical first step toward multilateral negotiations for the elimination of all nuclear weapons as called for in the Global Zero Action Plan (GZAP).

At the 35th G8 summit in July 2009, world leaders announced their support of the Obama-Medvedev commitment to eliminate all nuclear weapons and called on all countries to "undertake further steps in nuclear disarmament." Global Zero leaders believe the international consensus for the elimination of nuclear weapons is reaching a critical mass, especially given the declarations of political leaders during the special U.N. Security Council session on proliferation and disarmament convened by President Obama (September 24, 2009). President Obama received the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize in acknowledgment to his efforts for nuclear disarmament.

During 2010, the initiative has continued with the Global Zero Summit (February 2–4, 2010), signing of the New START treaty (April 8, 2010), the Nuclear Security Summit (April 12–13, 2010) and the Non Proliferation Treaty Review Conference (May 3–28, 2010).

Public opinion
Building public opinion supportive of the elimination of nuclear weapons is part of the goal of the Global Zero campaign. These include encouraging media worldwide to make the elimination of nuclear weapons a leading global policy issue, to launch a global student campaign, and to expand the online citizen membership and the cadre of leaders.

A poll conducted in 2008 in 21 countries found that 76% of over 19,000 people surveyed favored the verified elimination of nuclear weapons.

Criticism
American economist and arms control strategist Thomas Schelling argues that Global Zero advocates do not explicitly address the question of why we should expect a world without nuclear weapons to be safer than one with some nuclear weapons. "That drastic reductions make sense, and that some measure to reduce alert status do, too, may require no extensive analysis. But considering how much intellectual effort in the past half century went into the study of the 'stability' of a nuclear deterrence world, it ought to be worthwhile to examine contingencies in a nuclear free world to verify that it is superior to a world with (some) nuclear weapons." Schelling argues that prospects for significant reductions in nuclear arms between Russia and the United States are good and should contribute to "nuclear quiescence". Concern over Iran, North Korea, and non-state actors is justified, but complete nuclear disarmament of Russia, the United States, China, France and the United Kingdom is tangential to those prospects, Schelling argues. "Except for some 'rogue' threats, there is little that could disturb the quiet nuclear relations among the recognized nuclear nations. This nuclear quiet should not be traded away for a world in which a brief race to reacquire nuclear weapons could become every former nuclear state's overriding preoccupation."

See also
 Anti-nuclear movement
 Nuclear proliferation
 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
 Nuclear weapons debate

References

External links
 Homepage
 Parade piece by Queen Noor on Global Zero, 2-1-2009
 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7774584.stm

International organizations based in the United States
Arms control
Nuclear weapons policy
Anti–nuclear weapons movement
501(c)(3) organizations
Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.


The Minnesota Vikings' flagship radio station is KFXN-FM. The games are also heard on the "Vikings Radio Network" in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, South Dakota, and North Dakota, as well as many other outlets. Paul Allen has been the play-by-play announcer since the 2002 NFL season and Pete Bercich is the analyst, who began his first season in 2007.

WCCO was the flagship station from 1961–1969. Dick Enroth was the original announcer, succeeded by Ray Christensen. KSTP (AM) held the rights from 1970–1975. WCCO again from 1976–1984. KSTP (FM) 1985–1987. WCCO 1988–1990. KFAN 1991–1995. WCCO 1996–2000. KFAN (KFXN-FM) since 2001.

After Jim Morse called the 1970 games, Joe McConnell was the radio play by play announcer 1971–76, 1985–87. Joe Starkey was the radio play by play announcer 1977. Ray Scott was the radio play by play announcer 1978–82. Tim Moreland was the radio play by play announcer 1983–84. Brad Nessler was the radio play by play announcer 1988–89. John Carlson was the play by play announcer 1990. Dan Rowe was the radio play by play announcer 1991–2000. Terry Stembridge, Jr. was the radio play by play announcer 2001.

Telecasts of preseason games not shown on national networks are aired on KMSP-TV (Channel 9) in the Twin Cities with Paul Allen doing play-by-play as well.

References

Minnesota Vikings
Broadcasters


The Green Bay Packers are unique in having their market area cover two media markets, both Green Bay and Milwaukee, and blackout policies for the team apply within both areas, though they rarely come into effect due to strong home attendance and popularity.

The team manages its television and radio rights in-house, with the radio flagships being WRNW (97.3 FM) in Milwaukee, and WIXX (101.1). Wayne Larrivee is the play-by-play announcer and Larry McCarren is the color analyst. Larrivee joined the team after many years as the Chicago Bears' announcer. Jim Irwin and Max McGee were the longtime radio announcers before Larrivee and McCarren.

The team contracts CBS Sports to produce its preseason and Family Night scrimmage broadcasts. The TV play-by-play announcer, Kevin Harlan, is the son of former Packers president Bob Harlan, with former Packer John Kuhn providing color commentary. The team's network is headed up by two stations owned by the E. W. Scripps Company in Milwaukee and Green Bay, with other stations throughout the state, the Midwest and Alaska and Hawaii as part of the team's television network.

See also
 Packers Radio Network

References

Green Bay Packers
broadcasters


Nathan Sites (; Pinyin: Xuē Chéng'ēn; Foochow Romanized: Siék Sìng-ŏng; November 6, 1830 – February 10, 1895) was a 19th-century Methodist Episcopal missionary who served in Fuzhou and Yanping (now Nanping), Fujian Province, China.

Life
Rev. Dr. Nathan Sites was born in 1830 at Bellville, Richland County, Ohio, United States of America. He was the son of Robert and Sarah Sites (Fidler). He was graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1859. In 1861, he reached Fuzhou with his wife Sarah Moore Sites to begin his oversea missionary work which would last until his death in 1895. Upon his arrival, Sites chose to live in a countryside hamlet among native villagers to experience the rural life of the Chinese. During his missionary life in China, Sites met with many obstacles: one day while carrying out the reconstruction work of the local church in Yanping, he was brutally beaten by an enraged mob, who left a deep scar on his face. Like other missionaries, Sites argued and labored for the creation of a strong and independent Chinese Church, and in this effort he ordained many of the earliest native Christian ministers like Sia Sek Ong, Wong Nai Siong and the father of Hü King Eng.

In 1895, Rev. Dr. Nathan Sites was buried at Foochow Mission Cemetery (), Fuzhou, Fujian Province.  His tombstone is one of three that still exist in the Cang Shan District Museum in Fuzhou.

Sites served in Fuzhou for 34 years until his death in 1895. Sites' journals concerning his labor in China were compiled by his wife Sarah into Nathan Sites: An Epic of the East, which was published in 1912.

Bibliography

References

External links

1830 births
1895 deaths
American Methodist missionaries
Methodist missionaries in China
Christian missionaries in Fujian
American expatriates in China
People from Bellville, Ohio


Gruban v Booth was a 1917 fraud case in England that generated significant publicity because the defendant, Frederick Handel Booth, was a Member of Parliament. Gruban was a German-born businessman who ran several factories that made tools for manufacturing munitions for the First World War. In an effort to find government contracts and money to expand his business, he contacted a businessman and MP, Frederick Handel Booth, who willingly promised both. Booth sought agreement from Gruban to have 10% of a large order's price, to be hidden from the rest of the Board; tricked Gruban into transferring the company, and had him interned under wartime regulations to prevent a claim against him.

Gruban successfully appealed against his internment and as soon as he was freed brought Booth to court. The case was so popular that the involved barristers found it physically difficult to get into the court each day because of the size of the crowds gathered outside. Although those on both sides were noted for their skill, the case went almost entirely one way, with the jury taking only ten minutes to find Booth guilty. It was one of the first noted cases of Patrick Hastings, and his victory in it led to him applying to become a King's Counsel.

Background

John Gruban was a German-born businessman, originally named Johann Wilhelm Gruban, who had come to England in 1893 to work for an engineering company, Haigh and Company. By 1913, he had turned the business from an almost-bankrupt company to a successful manufacturer of machine tools. At the outbreak of the First World War, it was one of the first companies to produce machine tools to make munitions. That made Gruban a major player in a now-large market, and he attempted to raise £5,000 to expand his business. On independent advice, he contacted Frederick Handel Booth, a noted Liberal Member of Parliament who was chairman of the Yorkshire Iron and Coal Company and had led the government inquiry into the Marconi scandal. When Gruban contacted Booth, Booth told him that he could do "more for [your] company than any man in England" and claimed that David Lloyd George, then Minister of Munitions, and many other important government officials were close friends. With £3,500 borrowed from his brother-in-law, Booth immediately invested in Gruban's company.

The sinking of the RMS Lusitania in 1915 created a wave of anti-German sentiment, and Gruban worried that he would find it difficult to find government work because of his nationality and thick German accent. He again contacted Booth, who again claimed to be friends with Lloyd George and his secretary, Christopher Addison. Booth also said that if Gruban put Booth on the Board of Directors, he could "do with the Ministry of Munitions what I like". Gruban immediately made Booth the chairman of his company, and over three months took £400 on expenses. He then claimed that it was not enough money for the work he did and that he should get a semi-secret payment of 10% of the value of a contract, known as the "Birmingham Contract". The contract was worth £6,000, and Booth wrote a memo saying that he should have £580 or £600. Gruban refused. Booth threw the refusal in the wastepaper basket. From then on, Booth worked as hard as he could to undermine Gruban's position but outwardly appeared to be his friend.

Over the next few months, a series of complaints came from the Ministry of Munitions about Gruban's work and his German origins and ended in a written statement by Lloyd George's private secretary that it was "undesirable that any person of recent German nationality or association should at the present time be connected in an important capacity with any company or firm engaged in the production of munitions of war". Booth showed it to Gruban and told him that the only way to save the company and prevent Gruban being interned was for him to transfer the ownership of the company to Booth. Gruban did so, and Booth immediately "came out in his true colours" by treating Gruban with contempt and refusing to help support his wife and family now that Gruban had no income. Eventually, Booth wrote to the Ministry of Munitions to say that Gruban had "taken leave of his senses", and the Ministry had Gruban interned.

Gruban appealed against the internment order and was called before a court, consisting of Mr Justice Younger and Mr Justice Sankey. After reviewing the facts of the case and the stories of Gruban and Booth, the judges ordered the immediate release of Gruban and recommended that he seek legal advice to see if he could regain control of his company. After he was released Gruban found a solicitor, W.J. Synott, who gave the case to Patrick Hastings.

Trial
Hastings felt that his best chances lay in interviewing Christopher Addison about his contact with Booth. As Addison was a government minister, he could be relied on to tell the truth. The case of Gruban v Booth opened on 7 May 1917 at the King's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice in front of Mr Justice Coleridge. Patrick Hastings and Hubert Wallington represented Gruban, and Booth was represented by Rigby Swift KC and Douglas Hogg. The trial attracted such public interest that on the final day that the barristers found it physically difficult to get through the crowds surrounding the Law Courts.

As counsel for the prosecution, Hastings was the first barrister to speak. In his opening speech to the jury, he criticised Booth for loving money rather than his country and said that one of the things that the English prided themselves on was fair play, and "no matter how loudly the defendant raises the cry of patriotism, I feel sure that your sense of fair play, gentlemen, will ensure a verdict that the defendant is unfit to sit in the House of Commons, as he has been guilty of fraud". Hastings then called Gruban to the witness stand and asked him to tell the jury what had happened. Gruban described how Booth had claimed to have influence over David Lloyd George. Gruban was then cross-examined by Rigby Swift.

Booth was then called to the witness stand and initially claimed that Gruban had claimed to be "a very powerful man" and that it had been a case of Gruban using his power to help Booth, not the other way around. He was still in the witness box when the court day ended, and the next morning, it was announced that Christopher Addison had come to the court. The judge allowed Addison to give his testimony before they continued with Booth, and during a cross-examination by Hastings, Addison stated that he had not been advising Booth in any way and that "to say that Gruban's only chance of escape from internment was to hand over his shares to Mr Booth was a lie".

The final witness was Booth himself. He stated that he would never have asked for a 10% commission on the Birmingham contract and that he had never claimed that he could influence government ministers. Hastings showed the jury that both statements were lies, first by showing the piece of paper Booth had scribbled the "Birmingham contract" memo on and then by showing a telegram from Booth to Gruban in which Booth claimed that he "[had] already spoken to a Cabinet Minister and high official".

In his summing up Mr Justice Coleridge was "on the whole unfavourable to Booth". He also pointed out that the German nationality of Gruban might prejudice the jury and asked it to "be sure that you permit no prejudice on their hand to disturb the balance of the scales of justice". The jury decided the case in only ten minutes, found Booth guilty and awarded Gruban £4,750.

References

Sources

Further reading
 Hastings, Patrick, Cases in Court, William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1949

1917 in case law
High Court of Justice cases
1917 in England
Corruption in the United Kingdom
English criminal case law
Fraud in the United Kingdom
1917 in British law


Zion Baptist Church may refer to:

in the United States
(by state)
 Zion Baptist Church (Marietta, Georgia), listed on the NRHP in Georgia
 Zion Baptist Church (Collinsville, Mississippi), listed on the NRHP in Mississippi
 Zion Baptist Church (Omaha, Nebraska)

See also
Mount Zion Baptist Church (disambiguation)


The following is a List of broadcasters for the Detroit Lions, both past and present.

Radio

Current

The Lions' flagship radio station is WXYT-FM 97.1. The broadcast team includes Dan Miller on play-by-play, Lomas Brown on color commentary, and T. J. Lang as sideline reporter.

The team moved back to WXYT after having been on WJR since the 2016 NFL season, which followed a 20-year relationship with WXYT. The decision to part with WXYT was reportedly instigated by a demand by the team for the station to fire on-air personality Mike Valenti—who has had a history of making comments critical of the Lions during his drive-time show—as a condition of any future renewal. A CBS Radio spokesperson stated that their refusal was meant to maintain the station's integrity.

Former

WXYT (AM) was the sole flagship station from 1998 - 2004. WKRK-FM (later WXYT (AM)) became the co-flagship in 2004.

Detroit's WWJ was the team's flagship station prior to 1998 and continued to simulcast WXYT (AM)'s broadcasts prior to the team's move to WKRK.  Prior to 1989, WJR had served as the Lions' radio flagship.

TV

Current

Preseason

As of 2015, WJBK is the flagship station. The announcers are Matt Shepard with play-by-play, Chris Spielman with color commentary, and Tori Petry with sideline reports. The late Fred McLeod was once a play-by-play TV broadcaster on Lions pre-season.

Regular season
Regular season games are broadcast regionally on FOX, except when the Lions play an AFC team in Detroit, in which case the game airs regionally on CBS. The annual Thanksgiving Day game in Detroit is televised nationally on either Fox or CBS, depending on who the visiting team is.

The Lions' official regular season show of record is Lions GameDay Live with Dan Miller hosting.

For regular season games vs. NFC opponents when Fox doesn't have a double header, WJBK produces a live postgame show.

Former

WKBD was the preseason flagship station from 1992–1996 and from 2004-2007. WDIV and WJBK have served as flagships at various times.

WWJ-TV was the flagship station from 2008-2010.

WJBK (channel 2) has been the Fox affiliate in Detroit since December 1994, before that it was a CBS affiliate, and as such, WJBK for many years has served as the primary station for most Lions games. For much of 1994, while WJBK was waiting for its CBS affiliation contract to expire, the Lions games were shown on WKBD-TV (at the time owned by Viacom, now owned by CBS as a sister to WWJ-TV), with the last game being the December 10 game against the New York Jets, on WKBD's last day as a Fox affiliate.

Interconference home games were first televised in 1973 (when the NFL first imposed the 72-hour deadline), and for 25 years these were seen on NBC, with WDIV (channel 4, originally WWJ-TV) airing the games locally. The current WWJ-TV (originally on analog channel 62) has aired such games since 1998 when the AFC contract moved to CBS.

Fox Sports Detroit formerly produced a live postgame and Monday press conference show called Lions Live. It was canceled after the 2007 season.

Blackouts
The Lions' winless performance in 2008 and 2–14 season in 2009 led to several local broadcast blackouts, as local fans did not purchase enough tickets by the 72 hour blackout deadline. In 2008, five of the Lions' final six home games of the season did not sell out, with the Thanksgiving game being the exception. The first blackout in the 7-year history of Ford Field was the October 26, 2008 game vs. the Washington Redskins. The previous 50 regular season home games had been sellouts.

Games were also often blacked out at the Lions' previous home the (perhaps oversized) 80,000 seat Pontiac Silverdome, despite winning seasons and the success and popularity of star players such as Barry Sanders.

Announcers by year

Television

Radio

Other:

Van Patrick called play-by-play from 1950 until his death in 1974.

References

Detroit Lions

broadcasters


Warrior is a 2011 American sports action film directed by Gavin O'Connor. It stars Tom Hardy and Joel Edgerton as two estranged brothers whose entrance into a mixed martial arts tournament makes them come to terms with their lives and each other. Nick Nolte, Jennifer Morrison, Frank Grillo, and Bryan Callen appear in supporting roles. Real-life MMA and combat sports figures like Kurt Angle, Nate Marquardt, Anthony Johnson, Roan Carneiro, Yves Edwards, Amir Perets, and Dan Caldwell make appearances.

The film was theatrically released in the United States on September 9, 2011, by Lionsgate. Although not commercially successful, the film received positive reviews from critics, with Nolte receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.

Plot
A melancholy U.S. Marine Thomas "Tommy" Riordan visits his father, Paddy Conlon, a recovering alcoholic who has returned to his Catholic faith in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. As a child, Tommy had to run away from Paddy with his dying mother due to Paddy being an abusive alcoholic, and has never forgiven him. Paddy tries to convince him that he has changed, but to no avail. The next day, Tommy enters a gym where he quickly knocks out Pete "Mad Dog" Grimes, one of the world's best middleweight fighters; a video of the fight goes viral on the Internet. Learning about a winner-takes-all mixed martial arts tournament called Sparta, whose winner will receive $5 million, Tommy asks Paddy to help him train for the tournament, but only under the condition that Paddy does not try to reconcile their relationship. Tommy pledges to win and then donate the entire $5 million purse to Pilar, the widow of one of his friends in the corps.

Tommy's older brother Brendan, a high school physics teacher and former MMA fighter, is struggling to provide for his wife, Tess, and their two daughters. He had to mortgage his house in Philadelphia to pay for his younger daughter's open heart surgery, and is now in danger of losing it. To increase his income, Brendan starts battling amateur fighters for money. He is suspended without pay after details of his secret life spread around the school. Paddy meets Brendan in his driveway to try to reconcile with him, albeit unsuccessfully, and to tell him that Tommy is back in town. Brendan seeks the training of old friend Frank Campana and begins competing in smaller venue fights. After the fighter Frank planned to enter into the Sparta tournament is injured, Brendan convinces Frank to enter him as a replacement.

When the brothers separately enter the tournament, it is revealed that Tommy is angry at Brendan for bailing out on him and instead staying behind for Tess when Tommy and their mother left Paddy; Tommy was left to care for their mother when she became terminally ill. Brendan claims that he was helplessly in love with Tess and that he has forgiven his father for the wrong he has done, but Tommy is unconvinced and walks away.

Meanwhile, the video of Tommy beating Grimes attracts the attention of a Marine, who tells the press that Tommy saved his life in Iraq, by ripping off the back hatch of a drowning tank. Although Tommy becomes a national hero, his military records reveal that he deserted after his unit was killed in a friendly fire bombing. He reveals to have pledged to give his winnings to Pilar, the widow of one of his fallen friends, Manny. The military police will take him into custody but will wait until after the tournament is over.

Over two fights, Brendan and Tommy have contrasting fortunes: Tommy quickly and brutally knocks out opponents, doesn't say or talk much, while Brendan is outmatched physically but uses Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu to force grappling submissions.

The night before the final day, Paddy attempts to talk to Tommy about his actions in Iraq. Tommy angrily dismisses his father, letting out all his pent up emotions. Paddy relapses and starts drinking again. Seeing his father in pain, Tommy calms and comforts him, thus resurrecting the relationship with him.

In the semifinals, Tommy is matched up with Mad Dog Grimes, knocking him unconscious almost immediately, which the commentators claim to be one of the fastest knockouts in MMA history. Brendan is matched up with undefeated Russian wrestler Koba, who dominates him in two rounds. In round three, Brendan swings for the fences, making the bout a back and forth battle. In the closing moments of the final round, Koba takes Brendan's back from the clinch and Brendan goes for a rolling kneebar. As Koba attempts to escape the position, Brendan quickly reverses and readjusts the kneebar, narrowly winning by submission.

Tommy and Brendan's relationship is revealed to the world when they are the tournament's last remaining fighters. Brendan shows desire to reconcile, but Tommy, still in pain, shows no interest in doing so. Tommy wins the first two rounds, but Brendan eventually dislocates Tommy's shoulder with an omoplata arm-lock. Brendan wants to tell the referee about Tommy's dislocated shoulder and end the fight, but his coach suggests otherwise. As the fourth round starts, Brendan insists Tommy give up as Tommy only has use of one arm. Tommy continues to fight, Brendan unloads a barrage of strikes trying to win. Tommy asks Brendan to continue hitting him as the fourth round ends. At the start of Round 5, Brendan realizes he has to force him to submit, and he traps Tommy in a rear naked choke. As they struggle on the canvas, Brendan apologizes to Tommy and tells him that he loves him. Tommy submits after hearing the words. Brendan and Campana tactfully avoid the referees and the doctors checking in on Tommy. The reconciled brothers exit the ring as their father walks away into the background smiling.

Cast

Themes
Described by critics as "heartbreaking and emotionally satisfying", "really gripping", "an unapologetic powerhouse of emotional conflict" and self-described as a "rousing ode to redemption, reconciliation and the power of the human spirit", Warrior has received the most praise for the emotional approach it takes to the themes of forgiveness and "the enduring bonds of family" that it explores. In their review, Common Sense Media cites unconditional love as a major theme, further explaining that "some weighty issues" such as estrangement and alcoholism are also dealt with.

Production

Mogul Minds Studios, (now 31st Street Studios), located in Pittsburgh, was used during the filming, as well as the University of Pittsburgh's Petersen Events Center and the Twin Hi-Way Drive-In. North Hills Senior High School was also used for some scenes. Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City was used for the exterior scenes of the main fight venue, along with scenes filmed on the boardwalk and beach.

Hardy went through a demanding training routine for gaining muscle during the film's pre-production, gaining around 28 pounds (13 kg) of muscle (a physique which he also used to portray Bane in The Dark Knight Rises).

Release
The film was released in the United States on September 9, 2011.

Marketing
The Men of Warrior book was released on July 19, 2011. Lionsgate's "We Are All Warriors" project to support the release of Warrior by highlighting everyday heroes was launched August 1, 2011.

Home media
Warrior was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United States on December 20, 2011. The Blu-ray release includes a DVD copy of the movie, as well as a downloadable digital copy. With the exception of the Blu-ray including an additional Feature Length Enhanced Viewing Mode, extras are similar between both releases.

Reception

Box office
Warrior debuted in third place in its first week at the U.S. box office with $5.2 million behind Contagion and The Help. It dropped down to #8 the following weekend. Overall, the film made $13.7 million in United States and Canada, and $9.6 million in foreign countries for a worldwide total of $23.3 million.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 84% based on 195 reviews, with an average score of 7.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Warrior relies on many of the clichés that critics of the genre love to mock — and it transcends them with gripping action, powerful acting, and heart." On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 71 out of 100, based on reviews from 35 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

Bruce Diones of The New Yorker highly praised the actors' performances, especially Tom Hardy's, as "convincingly real" and "sensational." He further complimented the film as "cathartic" and "winning," and said that the film as a whole "achieves a surprising compassion and honesty." Simon Miraudo from Quickflix praised the character development of brothers Tommy Riordan and Brendan Conlon: "When they speak to each other for the first time in the film – amazingly, only once before they actually meet in the ring – we understand their relationship completely." He called the film as a whole "beautiful" in spite of how violent it is, and gave it 4 out of 5 stars. Common Sense Media's Sandie Angulo Chen called the film "a touching family drama wrapped in an intense 'David vs. Goliath'-style fight." Meanwhile, Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, declaring that "this is a rare fight movie in which we don't want to see either fighter lose," while praising Gavin O'Connor's direction and Nick Nolte's performance. Peter Travers of Rolling Stone was also complimentary towards O'Connor, stating that he "comes out swinging in this flawed but fiercely moving family drama," while A.O. Scott of The New York Times credited the film for being "appropriately blunt, powerful and relentless," also praising the "skillfully staged" fight scenes.

Andrew Pulver of The Guardian rated the film 2 out of 5 stars stating, "This mixed-martial-arts fight movie has received bafflingly high praise considering its lunkhead plot and rudimentary characters".

Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter stated, "For an "entertainment," Warrior accomplishes a lot. The family drama resonates strongly with a resolution that, in retrospect, seems like the only way the brothers could have rediscovered blood ties."

Some critics, including Philip French from the UK magazine The Observer, have noted similarities to other sports drama films such as Rocky (1976), The Wrestler (2008), and The Fighter (2010).

Soundtrack

Warrior: Original Score is the soundtrack album for the film, composed and produced by Mark Isham. It was released by Lakeshore Records on September 13, 2011. An alternative extended version of "About Today" by the indie rock band The National was also featured on the soundtrack and also in the film during the final fight scene. The composition entitled "Listen to the Beethoven" incorporates elements of the final movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's ninth symphony, which is featured prominently throughout the film.

 "Listen to the Beethoven"
 "Paddy & Tommy"
 "Sparta – Night One"
 "I Can't Watch You Fight"
 "Koba"
 "Hero"
 "Brendan & Tess"
 "The Devil You Know"
 "Stop the Ship (Relapse)"
 "Warrior"
 "Brendan & Tommy"
 "About Today" (performed by The National)

Adaptations
The film had an Indian adaptation titled Brothers (2015) starring Akshay Kumar and Sidharth Malhotra in lead roles.

A film with the same title and similar plot was made in 2015 in Russia.

References

External links

2011 films
2011 action drama films
American action drama films
2010s English-language films
Films about father–son relationships
Films about brothers
Films set in Pittsburgh
Films shot in Atlantic City, New Jersey
Films shot in Pittsburgh
American martial arts films
Mixed martial arts films
Lionsgate films
Films directed by Gavin O'Connor
Films about alcoholism
Films about dysfunctional families
Films scored by Mark Isham
Fictional rivalries
Martial arts tournament films
2010s American films


Luke Andrew Cary Elwes (born 26 July 1961) is a British contemporary artist whose paintings capture his encounters with the landscape and with the elements. He gained prominence in the early nineties when he returned from his travels in India, Asia and North Africa with a series of key paintings.

Biography

Elwes (pronounced "El-wez") was born in London, where he now works and lives with his wife, Anneke and their two sons Jake Elwes and Toby Elwes. The eldest of three sons of Peter John Gervase Elwes (1929–2017), an executive in oil and gas companies and banking  and Rosalie Ann, daughter of the Army officer James Hennessy. His grandfather was the painter Simon Elwes RA and is a first cousin of the actor Cary Elwes. His early years were spent in Teheran, Persia, where the light and space of the desert were a formative influence.

He attended Worth School then between 1979 and 1985 he studied History at Bristol University and Painting at Camberwell School of Art. In 2007 he undertook postgraduate research in Art History at Birkbeck, University of London.

While working at Christie's, he began to travel and write, and after meeting Bruce Chatwin in 1987 he went to the central Australian desert to explore the landscape and its use in  indigenous storytelling and artforms.

Since then he has continued to travel extensively, discovering and revisiting remote locations in India, Asia Minor and North Africa. In 1998 he was artist in residence on an expedition to Mount Kailash, a holy mountain in western Tibet.

His work has also been inspired by the landscapes of Osea Island where he rented a cottage with his family for many years. Since 2007 he has worked in the former studio of Nigel Henderson in Landermere on the Essex marshes. In 2015 he was artist in residence at the Albers Foundation.

Since his first exhibition in 1990 he has had over twenty five one man shows in London, Paris and New York City. He also writes about contemporary painting for journals including Modern Painters, Galleries and the Royal Academy magazine.

Exhibitions

Solo exhibitions

 Landermere, Frestonian Gallery, London (2021)
 Passage, Frestonian Gallery, London (2019)
 Floating world, Adam Gallery, London & Bath (2017)
 Floating world, National Trust, Flatford, Suffolk (2016)
 Albers Foundation, Broadbent Gallery, London (2015)
 Reflection, Campden Gallery (UK) (2015)
 Water Diaries, The Minories, Colchester (UK) (2014)
 Writing on water, Adam Gallery, London & Bath (2014)
 Luke Elwes: 10 Year survey, Young Gallery, Salisbury (2013)
 Constellation, Adam Gallery, London & Bath (2012)
 Celestial Confetti, North House Gallery, Essex (2012)
 Silent Kingdom, Adam Gallery, London & Bath (2011)
 Secret Water, Broadbent Gallery, London (2009)
 Peintures Recente, Galerie Marceau Bastille, Paris (2009)
 Refugia, Art First, London (2007)
 Flowing Ground, Broadbent Gallery, London (2005)
 Compass, Art First, London (2004)
 Recent Paintings, Art First, New York (2002)
 The Osea Paintings, Art First, London (2002)
 Peintures, Galerie Vieille du Temple, Paris (2001)
 Sanctuary, Art First, London (2000)
 Pilgrim, Art First, London (1998)
 Island, Rebecca Hossack Gallery, London (1995)
 Peintures, Galerie Vieille du Temple, Paris (1993)
 Storyline, Rebecca Hossack Gallery, London (1993)
 Landcross, Rebecca Hossack Gallery, London (1991)
 Bungle Bungle, Rebecca Hossack Gallery, London (1990)

Selected group shows

 Vision + The Visionary, Kookmin University Gallery, Seoul, South Korea (including Bridget Riley, Sammy Lee & Vakki) (2022)
 The Green Fuse, Frestonian Gallery, London (including Adrian Berg, Tim Braden & Bridget Riley) (2020)
 Natural Beauty, North House Gallery, Essex UK (2020)
 Landscape of Memory, Galleria Ceribelli, Italy (2019)
 SAID Business School, University of Oxford (2019)
 Currents, Sladers Yard Gallery, Dorset UK (2018)
 Amici Pittori Di Londra, Galleria Ceribelli, Italy (2017)
 Sladers Yard Gallery, UK (with Emma Stibborn, Alex Lowery, Daisy Cook) (2016)
 Segni di Londra, Museo della Grafica, Palazzo Lanfranchi, Pisa, Italy (2016)
 Segni di Londra, Fondazione Bottari Lattes, Monforte d’Alba, Italy (2015)
 Royal Academy Summer Exhibition (curated by Tess Jaray), London (2015)
 Vital signs: 12 London Artists, Clifford Chance, London & Galleria Ceribelli, Italy (with Tony Bevan, Lebrun, Hyman, Jackowski, James, Johnson, Lowry, Mannocci, Newbolt, Di Stefano, Verity) (2015)
 Radiance, Sladers Yard Gallery, Dorset UK (2014)
 Cross Country, Broadbent Gallery, London (with Andrew Vass & Kate Palmer) (2012)
 Threadneedle Prize for Painting, London (2012)
 Royal Academy Summer Exhibition, London (2011)
 Another Country, Estorick Collection, London (with Tony Bevan, Di Stefano, Hyman, Jackowski, James, Johnson, Lowery, Mannocci, Newbolt) (2010)
 Critics Choice, Browse & Darby, London (selected by Andrew Lambirth) (2010)
 L'Isle Joyeuse, Art First & Falle Fine Art, Jersey (with Alex Lowery & Bridget Macdonald) (2009)
 Hester Gallery, Leeds (with Maurice Cockrill, Stephen Chambers, Lino Mannocci & Christopher Wood) (2009)
 Genius Loci, Galleria Ceribelli, Bergamo, Italy (2008)
 Gli Amici Pittori Di Londra, Galleria Ceribelli, Bergamo & Galleria Ghelfi, Vicenza, Italy (2007)
 Mapping, Bury Art Gallery, Manchester (2007)
 Celeste Art Prize, London (2007)
 Translations, work from the National Gallery (London), Art First, London (2006)
 Singer & Friedlander/Sunday Times Watercolour Exhibition, London (2005)
 Royal Academy Summer Exhibition(2005)
 Look, Stranger! Art First, London (Luke Elwes, Alex Lowery, Bridget MacDonald) (2003)
 Royal Academy Summer Exhibition(2003)
 Water’s edge, Art First, London (Luke Elwes, Anthony Whishaw, Lino Mannocci) (2002)
 10th Anniversary Exhibition, Art First, London (2001)
 Galerie Vieille du Temple, Paris (2000)
 The Hunting Group Art Prizes, London and Bath (1999)
 Royal Academy Summer Exhibition(1998)
 14th Annual Open, Royal Overseas League, London & Edinburgh (1997)
 Bayer Earth Art Prize,(Highly Commended), London (1996)
 Endangered Spaces, Council for  the Protection of Rural England, Christies, London (1996)
 Royal Academy Summer Exhibition (as invited artist) (1995)
 Centenary, Contemporary British Art & the National Trust, Christie’s, London (1995)
 Sanctuary Commission Project (with Maggi Hambling, Shirazah Houshiary, Keith grant, Mali Morris), Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London (1994)
 Celebration, New British Art, Benjamin Rhodes Gallery, London (1994).
 Reflections, Edinburgh & London (chosen by The Spectator)(1993)
 Spring, Barbican, London (chosen by The Spectator)(1992)
 Songlines, Barbican, London (1991)
 Earthscape, Hastings & Southampton City Art Gallery (1991)
 Il Sud Del Mondo, L’Altra Arte Contemporanea, Marsala, Sicily, and Milan, Italy (1991)
 The Broad Horizon, Agnews, London (1990)
 Richard Demarco Gallery, Edinburgh (1988)
 39eme Salon de la Jeune Peinture, Grand Palais, Paris (1988)
 38eme Salon de la Jeune Peinture, Grand Palais, Paris (1987)

Selected collections

Collections include the Bayer Collection; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital; Christie's Contemporary Art Collection; Deutsche Hypo Bank; Luther Pendragon Collection and The National Trust Foundation for Art.

Publications

 Genius loci, Luke Elwes (2008), Ediz. italiana e inglese, Editore Lubrina-LEB (collana Arte moderna e contemporanea)
 Roger Hilton: Swinging Out into the Void by Andrew Lambirth (Author), Luke Elwes (Author), Anett Hauswald (Author),Kettle's Yard Gallery (August 2, 2008),
 Luke Elwes at Art First, The (London) Independent, Sep 21, 2004  by Sue Hubbard
 Luke Elwes, Sanctuary, by Nicholas Usherwood, Art First Contemporary Art (2000),
 Pilgrim, by Andrew Lambirth, Art First (February 1998),
 Island, Rebecca Hossack Gallery (1995),
 Bungle Bungle, the Australian Paintings,by Colin Gleadell, Rebecca Hossack Gallery (1990),

References

External links
 Official website

British contemporary artists
1961 births
Living people
Alumni of Birkbeck, University of London
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Artists from London


Gustaf Johansson (10 January 1844 – 24 July 1930) was the Archbishop of Turku, and the spiritual head of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland between 1899 and 1930.

Biography
Johansson was born in Ylivieska. He was ordained a priest in 1871 and graduated with a Bachelor of Theology in 1874 . He served as a Professor of Dogmatics and Ethics at the University of Helsinki between 1877 and 1885. As a professor, Johansson developed terminology in his field by creating Finnish-language responses to many theological words. He served as Bishop of Kuopio between 1885 and 1897 and later became Bishop of Savonlinna where he remained till 1899. In 1899 he was appointed Archbishop of Turku. As a bishop, he led Bible Translation Committee between 1886 and 1912 and participated in the Finnish and Swedish-language hymnal reform. He died in Turku, aged 86.

External links
Archbishops of Turku: Gustaf Johansson

1844 births
1930 deaths
People from Ylivieska
People from Oulu Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
Lutheran archbishops and bishops of Turku
Members of the Diet of Finland
19th-century Lutheran archbishops
20th-century Lutheran archbishops
Finnish Lutheran archbishops


Richmond Allan "Richie" Bayes (March 21, 1948 – October 16, 2006) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who was selected by the Chicago Black Hawks in the first round (fourth overall) of the 1964 NHL Amateur Draft, however he never played a game in the NHL. After his retirement from professional hockey, he worked at the Bible Hill Junior High School as a vice principal and teacher in Bible Hill, Nova Scotia. He also coached for the Truro and Area Minor Hockey Association.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

1948 births
2006 deaths
Broome Dusters players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Blackhawks draft picks
Ice hockey people from Toronto
Johnstown Jets players
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
St. Catharines Black Hawks players
Toronto Marlboros players