Ross Erastus Rowell (22 September 1884 – 6 September 1947) was a highly decorated United States Marine Corps aviator who achieved the rank of lieutenant general by the end of his 40 years of service. He served as the Marine Corps' Director of Aviation from May 30, 1935, until March 10, 1939, and was one of the three senior officers of Marine Corps Aviation during World War II.

Biography

Early years
Ross Rowell was born on September 22, 1884, in Ruthven, Iowa, attending  grade and high school in Ruthven. He was graduated from Iowa State College and then studied electrical engineering for two years at the University of Idaho. He then worked for two years as topographer and draftsman for the U.S. Geological Survey at Sanke River Valley, Idaho.

Early military career
He was appointed as a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps in August 1906. He served in Cuba from 1906 until 1909. Rowell was designated a student naval aviator in 1923, taking his fight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida and at Kelly Field in San Antonio, Texas. General Rowell was commended by the Secretary of the Navy for making the highest bombing score during the gunnery year 1924–25, and in 1926 he was praised by the Commandant of the Marine Corps for the high state of efficiency prevailing at Naval Air Station San Diego, California, where he then was group commander.

In early 1927, Rowell as commander of the squadron VO-1M, deployed to Nicaragua as part of the United States occupation during this time referred to as the Banana Wars. They arrived at the port of Corinto on February 25 and proceeded to Managua where they began training and flying in support of their fellow Marines on the ground.  On July 16, 1927, a 37-man Marine garrison in Ocotal was surrounded by several hundred sandinistas led by Augusto César Sandino. Upon getting news of the attack, then Major Rowell, flew a 5 plane detachment of DHs to help relieve the garrison. The dive-bombing runs from low altitude made by Rowell and his men marked one of the first coordinated dive-bombing attacks in aviation history. Rowell was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Navy Distinguished Service Medal for his extraordinary heroism and exceptionally meritorious service in action against hostile Nicaraguan bandits during this time.

On May 30, 1932, Rowell took command of the East Coast Expeditionary Force at Marine Corps Air Station Quantico, Virginia.  His air command won the Schiff Trophy in 1926, 1932, and again in 1933. He led the Marine Air Detachment at the International Air Races at Chicago in September, 1933, and in the All-American Air Races at Miami, Florida, in January 1935, achieving commendable performances on both occasions.

He served as director of Marine Corps Aviation from May 30, 1935, through March 10, 1939.  In this role he was the senior advisor to the commandant on all aviation matters and the Marine Corps' liaison with the Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics.

In addition to duty at various posts in this country and extensive sea duty, Rowell served abroad in the Philippine Islands, France, Haiti, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic.

World War II
Early in World War II, Rowell was sent to London as an Air Attaché for duty in Cairo, Egypt. It was in the desert and in the skies over Great Britain that he was able to see the advent of fighters equipped to operate at night. He also traveled and learned all he could about RAF Coastal Command in Scotland and RAF Bomber Command in Buckinghamshire, England.  Upon his return in November 1941, Rowell made a recommendation for the Marine Corps to acquire a medium-sized, long range, high-speed bomber to be used for night harassing missions. This coupled with the work of other Marines grew into the Marine PBJ night bomber program.  Following these tours, Rowell served as commanding general, Marine Aircraft Wings, Pacific (MAWP), from the opening of the Guadalcanal Campaign in August 1942 until Japanese air power was driven from the Bismarck-Solomons in 1944. MAWP was based at Marine Corps Air Station Ewa, Hawaii and its mission was to organize, administrate and distribute personnel and supplies for Marine Air Wings in the Pacific.  On December 27, 1942, Rowell read a dispatch from Admiral Halsey on Guadalcanal speaking to the negative effects that night time raids from Japanese bombers were having on the ground troops. Based on his earlier travels and observations, Rowell immediately recommended that a night fighter unit be made "available immediately for overseas duty". This message to Marine Headquarters in Washington would be the catalyst for kicking the development of Marine Night Fighters into high gear.

It was during this time that Admiral Ernest King convinced Rowell that there was no longer a need for Marines to get carrier qualifications since all of their aircraft were currently based out of land based strips. This lack of foresight led to Marine pilots not being able to fly from escort carriers which were providing the close air support during amphibious landings. This would return to haunt the Marine Corps during the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign in which it was generally felt that close air support provided by pilots from the United States Navy left much to be desired.  The lack of adequate air support was coupled with the feeling amongst other senior Marine aviators such as Roy Geiger and then Commandant Alexander Vandegrift that Marine aviation was not paying attention to its primary purpose of providing close air support and was too concerned with shooting down enemy aircraft. In August 1944, General Vandegrift flew to Hawaii to meet with Admiral Nimitz and his staff and came up with the solution that Marine squadrons would be assigned to escort carriers, Marine aviation would take control of aircraft directly supporting ground troops during amphibious operations and Marine Air Wing Pacific would be renamed Aircraft, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific(AirFMFPac). This new role was not welcomed by Rowell and he became so negative that he was quickly replaced by MajGen Francis P. Mulcahy in October 1944 and reassigned as the Chief of the Naval Aviation Mission to Peru, a post he held until his retirement in November 1946. In September 1944, he was awarded the Legion of Merit for outstanding service as commanding general, Marine Aircraft Wings Pacific from August 1942 to September 1944.

Rowell retired from the Marine Corps after 40 years of service on November 1, 1946. He died at the Naval Hospital in San Diego on September 6, 1947. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

Dates of rank
Rowell's dates of rank are:

Decorations

See also

 Alfred A. Cunningham, first Marine Corps aviator and first director of Marine Corps Aviation

References

Specific

Bibliography

Web

1884 births
1947 deaths
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Marine Corps generals
United States Marine Corps World War II generals
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Air Corps Tactical School alumni
University of Idaho alumni
Iowa State University alumni
People from Palo Alto County, Iowa
American military personnel of the Banana Wars
Military personnel from Iowa


The Fairy Investigation Society (or the Society for the Investigation of Fairies) was a semi-secret occult group devoted to collecting evidence and information about the existence of fairies, as well as to organize documented instances of fairy sightings. The society was founded in Britain in 1927 by Capt. Sir Quintin Craufurd, MBE and the artist Bernard Sleigh.

Background

Spiritualism
Spiritualism in the Western world began in the United States in 1848 and moved its way across the Atlantic to Britain in 1852. Spiritualism does not have a central organization, instead it is most like an ideology in which individualism is highly prized through religion. Spiritualists believe in the preservation of the soul after death and that the soul continues to exist in the physical world. The rise of spiritualism influenced an interest in the West with all things mystical from ghosts and seances, tarot (Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn), to fairies. The disillusionment of World War One continued to fuel the rise of spiritualism which correlates to the establishment and growth of the Fairy Investigation Society.

Cottingley Fairies

During World War One two young cousins from Cottingley, England, Elsie Wright and Frances Griffiths, took photographs of themselves with cardboard cutouts of fairies in their garden. Elsie's mother had shared the photos at a Bradford Theosophical Society meeting on nature spirits. They then gained the attention of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, author of the Sherlock Holmes series and notable member of the Fairy Investigation Society. He published the photos along with an article in the 1920 Christmas edition of the Strand Magazine. The photos made international headlines, and the Fairy Investigation Society acquired momentum toward its creation.

History

The first mention of the Fairy Investigation Society was in cofounder Barnard Sleigh's 1926 novel entitled The Gates of the Horn Being Sundry Records from the Proceedings of the Society for the Investigation of Faery Fact & Fallacy. Included in the book were ten short stories describing tales of fairy encounters through reports of the society, which monitored fairy-human relations. The book solidified a "fairy ideology" first recognizing fairies as sort of guardians of an ecologically damaged world. While The Gates of Horn was not commercially successful, readers were so convinced by Sleigh's realistic portrayal of Edwardian occult and spiritualism that some reviewers of the time wondered whether this supposedly fictional society described by Sleigh actually existed.

During its prime, in the 1920s and 1930s, the society organized meetings, lectures, and discussions for collecting evidence of fairy life. With World War II, however,  the society's records were largely lost or destroyed. The society was inactive until 1949 when Craufurd revived it with the help of Nottingham secretary Marjorie Johnson. Johnson wrote newsletters through the 1950s and helped create a survey of living fairylore, later published as Seeing Fairies.

During the late 1950s there were well over a hundred members, including famous individuals such as author Alasdair Alpin MacGregor, Ithell Colquhoun, Leslie Alan Shepard, RAF commander Sir Hugh Dowding, Victor Purcell, Walter Starkie (of gypsy lore fame), Naomi Mitchison and animator Walt Disney.

According to folklore historian Simon Young, a condition of membership was a genuine belief in fairies. Craufard, for instance, was a pioneer of wireless technology with the Royal Navy who believed he had established communication with marsh elves on the outskirts of London, and that on one occasion they had told him where to dig for treasure.

A 1960 newspaper article in the Sunday Pictorial ridiculed Marjorie Johnson, who began to withdraw from her role in the society. The society was only semi-active under her successor Leslie Shepard, based in Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland, finally closing down in the early 1990s.

The society was reestablished online by Young in 2013. It has an anonymous membership list and no longer requires members to believe in fairies. Enthusiasts, researchers and skeptics are all welcome among the renewed ranks of the FIS. As of 2021, the Society publishes two newsletters a year.

Goals of the society
The main objective of the society was to compile evidence in the form of anecdotes, letters, and popular accounts of fairy sightings. It was believed that seeing fairies was a clairvoyant ability, and that these beings could “connect us to nature and open the human soul to a higher metaphysical world.” The ability to see fairy was also connected to religious belief, with an inextricable connection to British spiritualism.

A typical meeting of the Fairy Investigation Society began with a speech by the chairman, who would offer the cases of fairy evidence “under close observation.” A toast would be offered to the fairies, followed by a discussion of financial reports, forthcoming cases, and reports to be signed by all members.

Upon its resurgence, some of the stated goals were to establish a bi-annual newsletter, launch a website containing fairy resources, and to gather a census of reported fairy experiences to be made publicly available.

Notable members

Sir Quentin C.A. Craufurd
Captain Sir Quentin C.A. Craufurd, MBE, (1875-1957), co-founded the Fairy Investigation Society. Crauford was from an aristocratic background, a member of the Craufurd Baronets, and a naval officer. While in the navy, he appeared to have picked up a fascination with wireless telephone communication. Indeed, he was authorised by the Admiralty to create an experimental radio station to broadcast to the fleet in Chatham from HMS Andromeda (and this was the first wireless broadcast of music and speech for the purpose of entertainment in Britain). In the 1920s, he began to experiment with wireless technology to contact the spirit world, and became very well known in spiritualist circles. In founding the Fairy Investigation Society, his role was to deliver the scientific means of collecting evidence, via his telephone technology, while Barnard Sleigh would deliver the psychic means of contacting fairies. Crauford also experimented with other technologies in his attempt to contact fairies, including automatic writing and psychic photography.

Marjorie T. Johnson
Marjorie T. Johnson was a member of the Fairy Investigation Society in its later postwar iteration. She became acquainted with Craufurd in the 1940s, and in the 1950s she became the secretary of the Society, while Craufurd was the President. Johnson transcribed many of the Society's collected reports on fairy sightings into a volume called Seeing Fairies. These accounts collected by Johnson included her own experiences, anecdotes told to her, letters written to the Society, as well as “stray accounts that appeared in the media and on the radio.” Johnson believed herself to be a “sensitive,” and claimed to have seen fairies, as well as other elementals, angels, and entities.

Walt Disney

Walt Disney, is also considered an important member of the Fairy Investigation Society. He was certainly a member through 1956 and 1957, but sources speculate that he may have been interested in the group nearly 10 years earlier. In 1947, Disney visited Ireland to experience Irish history and gain experience on Irish Folklore for storyboard research. They visited  "when he and his writers began exploring the idea of a film that would centre on ‘the little people’ in 1946" focusing on leprechauns and fairies.

See also
Cottingley Fairies

References

External links
 Fairy Investigation Society archive of official website
 Fairy Investigation Society Beachcombing's Bizarre History Blog Nov. 14, 2011

Fairies
Paranormal organizations
1927 establishments in the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 1927
Organizations disestablished in the 1990s


Kendall College at National Louis University is a culinary arts and hospitality management college of National Louis University, a private university in Chicago, Illinois. It was founded in 1934 as an independent college and later became a subsidiary of Laureate Education, Inc. On August 6, 2018, National Louis University received approval from the Higher Learning Commission and the U.S. Department of Education to transfer Kendall College's programs and other assets from Laureate Education to the university.

History
In 1934, two seminarians endorsed by the Scandinavian Conference of the Methodist Church — one Swedish, the other Danish-Norwegian — formed Evanston Collegiate Institute in Evanston, Illinois. Many early students found employment at the Washington National Insurance Company of Evanston, a major financial supporter of the school.

In 1950, the school was renamed in honor of Washington National's founders, Curtis P. Kendall and his family.

Business programs at Kendall College began in the 1970s. The School of Business was created in 2007. In 1985, the School of Culinary Arts was established. Building on the culinary program, a Bachelor of Arts in Hotel and Restaurant Management was created in 1987. In 2005, the program was revised into a Bachelor of Arts in Hospitality Management. A partnership was later formed with Les Roches International School of Hotel Management and Glion Institute of Higher Education, including the creation of exchange programs with Les Roches campuses in Switzerland and Spain.

In 2005, Kendall College moved from Evanston to Goose Island, Chicago, in the former Sara Lee Research and Development building.

In 2008, Kendall College was acquired by Laureate Education.

In 2018, Kendall College and its programs were transferred to National Louis University.

Accreditation
Kendall College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and is a member of the Culinary Arts Associate and Baking and Pastry Associate programs are accredited by the American Culinary Federation Education Foundation Accrediting Commission.

Notable alumni
Chef Greg Baxtrom
Chef Jose Garces
Chef Beverly Kim
Chef Doug Sohn
Chef Michael White
Chef Deniz Orhun

References

External links
Official website

Universities and colleges in Chicago
Universities and colleges established in 1934
1934 establishments in Illinois
National Louis University
Private universities and colleges in Illinois


Warwick Academy is the oldest school in Bermuda, established in 1662. It is located in Warwick Parish.

It was named after the English colonial administrator Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick, who gave the original land. Its first Schoolmaster was Richard Norwood, the mathematician who had carried out the first and second surveys of Bermuda in 1616 and 1627, respectively.

The School
Warwick Academy was formerly a government-aided (a privately owned school, with its own Board of Governors, operating as part of the public school system in exchange for government funding) Secondary School but since 1992 it has been a selective independent co-educational day Primary and Secondary School for students aged 4 to 19. It has a reputation for high academic standards and positive discipline. It is divided into a Primary School and a Secondary School. The school's motto is "Quo Non Ascendam". The current principal is Mr. David Horan. Head of the Secondary School is Mr. Mark Thorpe and the Head of the Primary School is Mrs. Maria Woods.

The 3 Pillars - Academics, Pastoral Care, and Co-Curriculars
Warwick Academy is an International Baccalaureate (IB) World School and an accredited Council of International Schools (CIS) member school catering to students from Reception Year through to Year 13. The school offers an International Early Years Programme (IEYC), the International Primary Curriculum (IPC) and UK National Curriculum from Years 1 to 9, the IGCSE in Year 10 & 11, and the IB Diploma Programme (IBDP), IB Career-related Programme (IBCP - using BTEC subjects), IB Individual Subjects, and a Dual Enrolment programme with the Bermuda College in Year 12 & 13.

Pastroal Care covers how the school manages relationships and expectations and it forms the spine of the school.

In addition, the school has vibrant Music, Drama, Sport, and Community Service programmes and offers a variety of additional co-curriculars.

References

External links
 Warwick Academy

Schools in Bermuda
Secondary schools in Bermuda
Warwick Parish
International Baccalaureate schools


A tripeptidyl peptidase is a type of enzyme.

Types include:
 Tripeptidyl peptidase I
 Tripeptidyl peptidase II

See also
 Dipeptidyl peptidase

External links

Proteases


Scaglia's tuco-tuco (Ctenomys scagliai) is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is endemic to a locality in Tucumán Province, northern Argentina. The species is named after Argentine naturalist Galileo Juan Scaglia (1915–1989). Its karyotype has 2n = 36 and FN = 64.

References

Mammals of Argentina
Tuco-tucos
Endemic fauna of Argentina
Mammals described in 1999


The 2009 Red River flood along the Red River of the North in North Dakota and Minnesota in the United States and Manitoba in Canada brought record flood levels to the Fargo-Moorhead area. The flood was a result of saturated and frozen ground, spring snowmelt exacerbated by additional rain and snow storms, and virtually flat terrain. Communities along the Red River prepared for more than a week as the U.S. National Weather Service continuously updated the predictions for the city of Fargo, North Dakota, with an increasingly higher projected river crest. Originally predicted to reach a level of near  at Fargo by March 29, the river in fact crested at  at 12:15 a.m. March 28, and started a slow decline.  The river continued to rise to the north as the crest moved downstream.

Background

Geology

The Red River flows from the United States into Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada. Since it flows northward, into colder climates, melting snow and river ice, as well as runoff from its tributaries, often create ice jams, which cause the river to overflow. The valley is essentially flat, leading to overland flooding, with no high ground on which to take refuge.

Climate
Ground which was already saturated when it froze at the onset of winter, melting snow which could not be absorbed by the frozen ground, and additional precipitation from high winter snow fall, a rain storm on March 22 and a later snowstorm, high temperature snow melt rate, are reasons for the serious flooding.

A low-pressure area caused the rain storm on March 22 and by March 25 a total of  fell in the Winnipeg area, and  in southern Manitoba. In northeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota, around 8 inches of snow accumulated from the same storm.

Predictions and preparations

Fargo-Moorhead

Warnings for the 2009 flood occurred as early as March 9 when the National Weather Service warned that the Fargo-Moorhead area could see a significant flood of between . As preparations began for the flooding on March 16, North Dakota Governor John Hoeven declared a statewide disaster in anticipation of flooding across the state. On March 19, the National Weather Service raised the predicted flood level in the Fargo area to between . The city began filling sandbags on March 20. In anticipation of a rain and snow storm, the predicted crest level was raised on March 22 to a range from .

Volunteers continued preparing sandbags, with 560,000 bags filled by late March 22, out of an expected 1.5 million to 2 million needed. By March 24, residents in Fargo-Moorhead had filled over 1 million sandbags and were attempting to fill a total of 2 million by the 26th. A levee in Georgetown, Minnesota was raised another two feet, and emergency dikes were being built in Fargo, Moorhead, Harwood, Grafton and Richland County. The predicted flood crest was raised again on March 26, changed to between  by March 28, with a possibility of .

In addition to the sandbags, the construction of the dikes protecting the city required large amounts of clay. Clay had been brought from several places in and around the city, including the soccer field at Centennial Elementary School and around Discovery Middle School.

Wahpeton-Breckenridge
Elsewhere along the river, early predictions for the Wahpeton-Breckenridge area saw a predicted level of at least . By March 24, the National Weather Service predicted the crest in Wahpeton and Breckenridge not to top , below the cities' levees.

Grand Forks
In the Grand Forks, North Dakota area, flood predictions released February 27 predicted a possibility of a flood crest between . The snowstorm that struck March 9–10 raised the predicted levels between  prompting the city to declare a state of emergency. On March 22 the predicted crest level was changed to .

Manitoba

In Manitoba, the 2009 flood was the second worst on record since 1826. The Red River Floodway was not initially opened, due to the Red River being full of ice, which can lead to damage of the floodway and the flooding of Selkirk. The Red River Floodway was opened in early April once the ice jams cleared. Several towns and R.M.s declared a state of emergency due to the ice jams built up in places along the Red. Flooding in Manitoba was not expected until the second week of April. The CPR Line from Winnipeg to Emerson closed.

The floodway was opened around 1 p.m. on April 8 due to a crest expected to hit the city of Winnipeg. Highway 75, a major artery between Winnipeg and the U.S. border, was closed between April 7 and May 13. This closure cost Manitoba trucking companies thousands of dollars in additional travel costs and severely hurt the economy of the town of Morris.

An eight-year-old boy fell into the river on Thursday,
April 9 on the Westroc Hutterite Colony which is near Portage la Prairie.  Samuel Gross came out of his 13-day coma after being under icy cold water for 20 minutes. The team under Murray Kesselman, director of the Health Sciences Centre pediatric intensive care unit, worked on Gross's heart for two hours before it started to beat on its own and he began to recover. Walter Imbeck, 68 years old, went missing since April 11 when friends and neighbours thought he was trying to clear a broken drain behind his home, which was along the riverbank.  As of April 13, several communities north of Winnipeg had to be evacuated due to flash flooding and ice jams on the Red River. It was predicted to be the third worst flood, next to the floods of 1950 and 1997. A 79-year-old woman, Mary, died, and her 82-year-old husband, Glen Silverthorn, went missing Easter Sunday after their car was swept into the Woody River. A search commenced, and his body was found on May 19.

Prime Minister Stephen Harper toured the flooded area on April 14, 2009. Damages were expected to be in the millions. On April 15, 2009, Winnipeg declared a local state of emergency due to several of the rivers, which flow into the Red River, swelling extremely fast. On April 16, 2009, the Red River crested in Winnipeg at  before retreating. If Winnipeg had not had any flood protection, the city would have been  submerged.  The crest from North Dakota was expected to hit either April 19 or April 20 and forced 28,000 evacuations.  are under water at some places  wide as reported April 18.  740 people were evacuated from the Peguis First Nation, which is located north of Winnipeg. Peguis Chief Glenn Hudson said "either build a dike, or a floodway around ... I think we have to do something,"   Steve Ashton, minister responsible for the emergency measures organization, said that Disaster Financial Assistance was doubled to $200,000. The Federal Government was expected to assist with up to 90% of the relief, and 100% on reserves.

The province assessed whether homeowner buyouts would be voluntary or mandatory.  "We'd look at voluntary buyouts as the first option, but the municipalities have raised this ...they're the ones that have to send in first responders and rescue crews," said Steve Ashton, the province's Emergency Measures Minister. Mayor Sam Katz reported an estimated $5 million for sandbag flood prevention costs, which included making and setting into place the sandbags and patrolling them, and then removing them after the river went back down. Some roads and bridges were also damaged as a result of flooding. Peguis Chief Glen Hudson estimated the evacuation and dike construction for the first nation reserve was pegged at approximately $3 million. A water quality warning went into effect, and residents who remained were advised to boil water before use. Free water analysis was provided by the Manitoba government until July.  On April 20, the total amount of land submerged was upgraded to , and the river crest was still  south of Winnipeg.

Flooding

At 7:15 p.m. CDT on March 26, 2009, the river exceeded the 1997 crest of  at Fargo, which was the previous second-highest crest. The projected crest was  above flood stage and higher than the record-setting floods in 1997 and 1897.

At 2:30 a.m. CDT on March 27, the National Weather Service offices in Grand Forks issued a Flash Flood Warning for extreme east-central Cass County due to a levee breach in Fargo on Lindenwood Drive. With the river more than  above flood stage, there appeared to be a growing sense in Fargo that despite best efforts, it might not be possible to build dikes high enough to hold back the river.   The Manitoba government upgraded the 2009 flood as the second highest to hit southern Manitoba over the last 150 years, just  lower than the 1997 Flood of the Century. The highest level in 2009 was , and in 1997 it was . However, without flood control measures such as the Red River floodway, Portage Diversion and Shellmouth dam, the peak would have been , which is higher than the 1950 peak of  in Winnipeg.  The Red River showed signs of receding April 23, however the Souris river was expected to crest towards the end of the month of April.

Ice jams
On March 25, an ice jam formed north of Winnipeg, causing the municipalities of St. Andrews, St. Clements, East St. Paul and West St. Paul to declare a state of emergency. Flooding from the ice jam necessitated the evacuation of about thirty homes. While the jam was broken, it reformed near Lower Fort Garry, causing the water to rise  in 2 hours. On March 31, a state of emergency was declared for the city of Selkirk due to concerns over ice jams.

Dominion City was the first town in Manitoba to declare a state of emergency on Monday, March 23. Government officials handed out evacuation alerts to 850 residents. Forty homes north of Winnipeg were evacuated, while dozens of homes were flooded due to ice jams. On Thursday, March 26, some 95 elderly and special needs people were evacuated from the Roseau River Anishinabe First Nation.  An engineering firm detonated charges downstream of Bismarck, North Dakota to clear an ice jam which was causing flooding in the city causing an evacuation of 1,700 persons. There were three million sandbags, rolls of poly film Hesco bastion flood walls, and water pumps sent out by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to North Dakota.  Both North Dakota and Manitoba used backhoes from the river bank and from bridges, but these machines had a   reach for a  river. A Chinook helicopter was deployed with a  concrete weight to try to break up an ice jam, but only small pieces of ice broke away.  The North Dakota National Guard used  of C-4 plastic explosives on the  ice placed into 80 holes. The ice was then coated with road salt to hasten melting. The Army Corps of Engineers also resorted to using sand, salt, chemicals and drilling to alleviate the ice jams.  The Manitoba government chose not to use dynamite, as explosives work well on large ice sheets but not as well on broken and fused ice. To set the dynamite, holes need to be drilled in the ice, which would require someone to hang suspended from a helicopter. The result of dynamite forms a hole centrally in the ice without loosening up the ice jam blockage to allow water to flow past. Manitoba purchased five new certified emergency response trailers (CERTs), which are  tubes with 60 compartments which can be filled with water and used to build dikes. These tubes take 10 minutes to fill up and provide the same protection as 500 sandbags. Volunteers created over 600,000 sandbags to shore up defences against the Red River and unpredictable flows caused by ice jams.  Dikes were placed along the shoreline within the city to protect neighbourhoods against ice jam flooding. Over 1,600 volunteers came out since April 1 to assist with creating sandbag dikes which were built  high. Frozen culverts and sewer inlets were cleared to allow runoff from meltwaters and floodwaters.
Amphibex excavator icebreakers were at work breaking up ice flows on the Red River.  Ice breakers and backhoes were to be strategically placed along the Red River Floodway, which might have needed to be opened before the ice was fully melted. Officials examined past ice jams and provided contingency plans if the Floodway jammed upstream of bridges or on tight corners.  On Easter Sunday, April 12, Winnipeg was clear of ice blocks and ice jams.  Sightseers traveling by car, boat, kayak and anyone ignoring road closures were being ticketed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police as they were hampering ice clearing operations.<ref></</ref>  Residents of the rural municipalities of St. Andrews and St. Clements were given evacuation alerts on Good Friday. Some chose to remain behind, and rescue efforts commenced for them over the Easter week-end.  Homes were smashed in and knocked off their basements and footings by  sheets of ice.

Devils Lake and Stump Lake

There was a 6% chance Devils Lake and Stump Lake would rise to historic levels, which could have caused problems in the Sheyenne River Valley.

Flooding and ice jam mitigation considerations
Structural adaptations to the river channel or the placement of dams and ice booms would control where ice jams would form. Hairpin curves and bridges are problem areas for the jamming of ice. Following the 1997 Red River flood, Grand Forks and East Grand Forks smoothed out some of the river curves in those cities.  Rural municipality reeves have approached the Canadian government with a CA$288,000 plan which would use the province of Manitoba's existing Amphibex ice-breaking excavators to dredge the Red River between Selkirk and the mouth of Lake Winnipeg.

See also
Red River Flood (disambiguation)
Red River Floodway

Notes

External links

National Weather Service – River Gauges for the Red River Valley
USGS Real-Time Water Data for Red River of the North at Fargo ND, including gage height and discharge rate

Boston.com Big Picture series

Midwest Spring Floods of 2009
Red River Flood Extent: April 14, 2009 12:40 UTC Satellite photos
North Dakota State University's Fargo Flood website

Red River flood
Floods in Canada
Natural disasters in Manitoba
Red River Flood, 2009
Red River Flood, 2009
Red River Flood, 2009
Red River floods
2009 floods in the United States


Weapon X is a fictional government project in Marvel Comics.

Weapon X may also refer to:
Weapon X (story arc), a comic book story arc by Barry Windsor-Smith and published by Marvel Comics
Wolverine (character) or Weapon X, a comic book character
Garrison Kane or Weapon X, a comic book character
Brian Dawkins or Weapon X, former NFL safety
Weapon X, a fictional team in Exiles
"Weapon X", a 2007 single by X-Clan from Return from Mecca


The smoothed octagon is a region in the plane found by Karl Reinhardt in 1934 and conjectured by him to have the lowest maximum packing density of the plane of all centrally symmetric convex shapes. It was also independently discovered by Kurt Mahler in 1947. It is constructed by replacing the corners of a regular octagon with a section of a hyperbola that is tangent to the two sides adjacent to the corner and asymptotic to the sides adjacent to these.

Construction

The shape of the smoothed octagon can be derived from its packings, which place octagons at the points of a hexagonal lattice. The requirement that these packings have the same density no matter how the lattice and smoothed octagon are rotated relative to each other, with shapes that remain in contact with each neighboring shape, can be used to determine the shape of the corners.  One of the figures shows three octagons that rotate while the area of the triangle formed by their centres remains constant, keeping them packed together as closely as possible.  For regular octagons, the red and blue shapes would overlap, so to enable the rotation to proceed the corners are clipped to a point that lies halfway between their centres, generating the required curve, which turns out to be a hyperbola.

The hyperbola is constructed tangent to two sides of the octagon, and asymptotic to the two adjacent to these. The following details apply to a regular octagon of circumradius  with its centre at the point  and one vertex at the point .  For two constants  and , the hyperbola is given by the equation

or the equivalent parameterization (for the right-hand branch only)

for the portion of the hyperbola that forms the corner, given by the range of parameter values

The lines of the octagon tangent to the hyperbola are ,
and the lines asymptotic to the hyperbola are simply .

Packing
For every centrally symmetric convex planar set, including the smoothed octagon, the maximum packing density is achieved by a lattice packing, in which unrotated copies of the shape are translated by the vectors of a lattice. The smoothed octagon achieves its maximum packing density, not just for a single packing, but for a 1-parameter family.  All of these are lattice packings.
The smoothed octagon has a maximum packing density given by

This is lower than the maximum packing density of circles, which is

The maximum known packing density of the ordinary regular octagon is

also slightly less than the maximum packing density of circles, but higher than that of the smoothed octagon.

Reinhardt's conjecture that the smoothed octagon has the lowest maximum packing density of all centrally symmetric convex shapes in the plane remains unsolved. As a partial result, Fedor Nazarov proved that the smoothed octagon has a local minimum of packing density among these shapes.

If central symmetry is not required, the regular heptagon is conjectured to have even lower packing density, but neither its packing density nor its optimality have been proven. In three dimensions, Ulam's packing conjecture states that no convex shape has a lower maximum packing density than the ball.

References

External links
Packing smoothed octagons. John Baez, Visual Insight, AMS Blogs, 2014.
The thinnest densest two-dimensional packing?. Peter Scholl, 2001.

Packing problems


The Last of the Mohicans is an EP by English new wave band Bow Wow Wow, released in May 1982 by RCA Records. It was produced by Kenny Laguna of Joan Jett & the Blackhearts fame.

The Last of the Mohicans peaked at number 67 on the Billboard 200, Bow Wow Wow's highest entry on the chart. The EP contains the band's biggest hit, a cover of the Strangeloves' "I Want Candy".

The cover photograph, taken by Andy Earl, depicts Bow Wow Wow recreating Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe by Édouard Manet, and caused outrage when it first appeared as the cover of the band's debut album See Jungle! See Jungle! Go Join Your Gang Yeah, City All Over! Go Ape Crazy!.

Track listing

Notes
 "Cowboy" is credited as being written by Ashman, Barbarossa, Gorman and McLaren on The Last of the Mohicans. Later releases, including the 1982 compilation album I Want Candy, have credited it as being written by Ashman, Barbarossa, Gorman, Grillet and Pietri. Sources such as the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers and the Australasian Performing Right Association continue to credit McLaren as a writer on the song.

Charts

References

External links

1982 EPs
Bow Wow Wow albums
RCA Records EPs


The liver scratch test (also known as Lazar's test) is a technique used by medical professionals during a physical exam to locate the inferior border of the liver in order to approximate the size of a patient's liver. The technique was first credited to Burton-Opitz in 1925 where it was used to identify the cardiac silhouette, however there are references of similar techniques used prior to this. The liver scratch test can be used when other exam techniques used to approximate liver size are ineffective or unavailable and is thought to be most useful if the abdomen is distended, too tender for direct palpation, the abdominal muscles are too rigid, or the patient is obese.

Technique
The liver scratch test is a type of auscultatory percussion that uses the difference in sound transmission between solid and hollow organs in the abdominal cavity in order to locate the inferior edge of the liver. The test is most commonly performed by placing the stethoscope below the xiphoid process and lightly scratching the skin parallel to the expected liver edge. The examiner begins scratching in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen along the midclavicular line and moves superiorly until the sound abruptly increases in volume. This location of suddenly increased auscultation volume is marked as the inferior edge of the liver and can then be used to determine the overall liver size. Multiple variations on the exam also exist including different stethoscope placements such as over the costal margin or liver, percussing the abdomen instead of scratching, or scratching in different patterns i.e. circular or lateral directions.

Controversy
Despite being commonly taught to medical trainees, the liver scratch test's value as part of the abdominal physical exam has been controversial as it has historically performed poorly. While it has been proposed to abandon the test altogether, some studies have suggested that the scratch test is at least as accurate as percussion overall in identifying the liver edge and even more accurate for young trainees.

References

Physical examination


Angela "Angel" Wainaina (1983 – 28 January 2009) was a Kenyan actress, radio presenter and rapper.

Life
Wainaina was born 1983 in Kawangware, a slum of Nairobi, Kenya.  She joined a drama club at Kambui High School. She was a runner up at the Miss Kenya competition in 2005. She was a poet and underground rapper. She played Sergeant Maria in the popular television show "Cobra Squad".

On 15 January 2007, she began working for Ghetto Radio, as Kenya's first female MC. Her show "Chanuka Dada" was very popular, and she was well known for her energetic social advocacy. She was awarded the Young Women African Summit's media award.

Death
Wainaina died on 28 January 2009 in the Nakumatt supermarket fire. Her funeral was held at the Holy Family Cathedral in Nairobi.

References

1983 births
2009 deaths
Kenyan television actresses
Kenyan radio journalists
21st-century Kenyan actresses
20th-century journalists


CNEP may refer:

National Centre for the Evaluation of Photoprotection
Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris


Charley James Price (16 March 1890 – 7 June 1967) was an English cricketer who played for Gloucestershire. He was born in South Hamlet, Gloucester, and died in High Orchard, also in Gloucester.

Price made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1919 season, against Leicestershire. From the upper-middle order, he scored 6 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and 13 runs in the second.

External links
Charley Price at Cricket Archive

1890 births
1967 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
Cricketers from Gloucester


William Baillie (12 November 1838 – 17 March 1895) was an English cricketer who played for Gloucestershire. He was born in Duntisbourne Abbots and died in Paddington.

Baillie made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1870 season, against Marylebone Cricket Club. From the lower-middle order, he scored 7 runs in the only innings in which he batted, as Gloucestershire won the match by an innings margin.

External links
William Baillie at Cricket Archive

1838 births
1895 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
People from Cotswold District
Cricketers from Gloucestershire


Frederick Bendall (18 December 1865 – 27 April 1941) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Gloucestershire. He was born in Montpellier, Cheltenham and died in Tivoli, Cheltenham.

Bendall made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1887 season, against Surrey. From the tailend, he scored a duck in the first innings in which he batted, and 3 runs in the second, as Gloucestershire lost the match by an innings margin.

External links
Frederick Bendall at Cricket Archive

1865 births
1941 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
Cricketers from Cheltenham


Conway Francis (27 April 1870 – 15 April 1924) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm fast bowler who played for Gloucestershire. He was born in Clifton and died in Staple Hill.

Francis made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1895 season, against Kent. From the upper-middle order, he scored 8 runs in the only innings in which he batted, in which WG Grace scored 257 runs.

External links
Conway Francis at Cricket Archive

1870 births
1924 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
Cricketers from Bristol


Arthur Murray Duthie  (12 June 1881 – 3 June 1973) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer. A career officer in the Royal Artillery, his military service encompassed both the Second Boer War and the First World War, being decorated with the Distinguished Service Order in the latter conflict. As a cricketer, he made one appearance in first-class cricket for Hampshire County Cricket Club.

Life and military career
The son of the botanist John Firminger Duthie, he was born in British India at Saharanpur in June 1881. He was educated in England at Marlborough College, before proceeding to the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. From there, he graduated as a second lieutenant into the Royal Artillery in November 1899. Shortly after graduating, he was seconded for service in the Second Boer War with the Imperial Yeomanry. He was promoted to lieutenant on 16 February 1901, while in South Africa, and returned to service with the Royal Artillery in December 1902. Promotion to captain followed in April 1908. Duthie later made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Hampshire against Derbyshire at Southampton in the 1911 County Championship. Playing as a bowler in the Hampshire side, he took 5 wickets in the match.

Duthie served in the First World War and was promoted major in October 1914. He was made a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order in January 1916, while the following month he was decorated by France with the Legion of Honour, Chevalier class. He was appointed to the staff in January 1916, where he held the position of a deputy-assistant adjutant-general until June 1916. In March 1917, he was made an acting lieutenant colonel whilst commanding a brigade of artillery, relinquishing the rank the following month. Shortly after the conclusion of the war, he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1919 New Year Honours. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in June 1921, at which point he was serving in British India at the Artillery School at Quetta. Following four years completion as a regimental lieutenant colonel in June 1925, Duthie was placed on the half-pay list. He was promoted to colonel in June 1927, with seniority antedated to June 1925, and was appointed commanding officer of the Lowland Division the following year, before retiring in May 1931.

In retirement, Duthie lived in Chideock, Dorset. He was known there for his generosity to the village's working men. He died there in June 1973. He had been married in 1917 to Mary Frances Yseult de Poher de la Poer, daughter of Edmond de la Poer, 1st Count de la Poer.

References

External links

1881 births
1973 deaths
People from Saharanpur
People educated at Marlborough College
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
Royal Artillery officers
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
Imperial Yeomanry officers
English cricketers
Hampshire cricketers
British Army personnel of World War I
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
British people in colonial India


The Iona Gaels are the athletics teams of Iona University, in New Rochelle, New York. They compete in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC) and participate in 21 NCAA Division I programs.

Varsity athletic programs

Men's basketball

Iona University has been competing in men's basketball since the inception of the school in 1940. Iona is an original member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference, which began play in men's basketball with the 1981–82 season. The Gaels have compiled the most victories of any MAAC team since the founding of the conference and have won a league record seven MAAC titles.  During their history, the Gaels have participated in 15 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championships compiling a record of 1–15. The lone win for the Gaels came in 1980 against Holy Cross, 84–78, which was later vacated due to NCAA violations. The Gaels were the 2011 CollegeInsider.com Tournament runners up.

Victories against ranked opponents:
 February 21, 1980: Iona 77, Louisville 60 (Madison Square Garden)
 December 27, 2002: Iona 65, North Carolina 56 (Madison Square Garden)
 November 26, 2005: Iona 89, Iowa State 72 (Ames, Iowa)
November 25, 2021: Iona 72, Alabama 68 (Lake Buena Vista, Florida)

Notable Men's Basketball Coaches at Iona:
 Jim McDermott
 Jim Valvano
 Pat Kennedy
 Tim Welsh
 Jeff Ruland
 Kevin Willard
 Tim Cluess
Rick Pitino

On April 9, 2010, Tim Cluess was named the 12th head coach in the history of Iona men's basketball. Cluess is a graduate of Hofstra University and formerly the head coach of the C.W. Post men's basketball team. He has won 20 games and a postseason berth in each of his first eight seasons as the head coach of Iona, the only coach in the history of the program to accomplish the feat. As of January 30, 2019, Cluess is No. 2 on Iona's all-time wins list.

Gaels who have played in the NBA:
 Richie Guerin
 Jeff Ruland
 Steve Burtt, Sr.
 Sean Green
 Scott Machado

Steve Burtt Sr. is Iona's all-time leading scorer with 2,534 career points.

Women's basketball

The Gaels have been competing in NCAA women's basketball since the 1974–75 season. They are a founding member of the MAAC and are coached by Billi Godsey, a graduate of Hofstra University. Godsey was named head coach for the 2013–14 season. In her first season, the Gaels earned their first ever MAAC Regular Season Championship. The program has five postseason appearances, the 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2014 Women's National Invitation Tournaments, and an appearance in the NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament in 2016. They hold a 2–5 record in postseason play.

Cross country, track and field
Iona men's cross country is one of the top programs in NCAA Division I having earned 15 top 10 finishes at the NCAA Championship in the past 19 years from 2002–present. The Gaels finished as the runner up at consecutive championships in 2007 and 2008. The program finished third overall in 2006, and fourth overall in 2003 and 2005. The Gaels have finished in the top three at the NCAA Northeast Regional Championship in 23 of the last 25 years dating back to 1997, including titles in 1999, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2012. The program has also captured 30 straight Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference titles, the longest active streak in NCAA. Leonard Korir became the Gaels' first NCAA Championship winner when he won the 2011 NCAA Indoor 5000m title. Later that year he won the NCAA Outdoor 10000m championship.

The women's cross country program also claimed their first NCAA Northeast Regional Title in the 2014 season, qualifying for their second NCAA National Appearance, the first being in 2006. Iona earned its first individual Cross Country title in 2014 when Kate Avery won the NCAA National title, becoming only the second National Champion in Iona history and the first Female student-athlete from Iona to claim an NCAA title.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, the program gained its first Olympians. The Gaels had three representatives in Track and Field. Leonard Korir competed in the 10,000m for the United States where he finished 14th in a time of 27:35.65. The Women's program had two alumni compete at the games. Maya Rehberg represented Germany in the 3000m Steeplechase where she finished 15th in the third heat. Her time of 9:51.73 ranked Rehberg 44th overall. Anna Baumeister competed for Denmark in the Women's Marathon. Baumeister finished in a time of 2:29.49 which earned her 55th place.

Joseph Pienta is the current head coach of both the men's and women's cross country and track and field programs. Pienta took over the head coaching position in 2018 after being an assistant coach for just under a decade. Ricardo Santos is the previous head coach of both the men's and women's programs. Santos is a graduate of Iona and received All-American Honors for cross-country in 1998 whilst representing the Gaels. Santos had been head coach of the cross country and track and field programs since 2008 before leaving the Gaels to coach the performance team at BAA (Boston Athletic Association). Santos is now on the coaching staff for men's cross country and track and field for the Stanford Cardinals.

Iona hosts their Meet of Champions cross country invitational annually at the start of each cross country season. Their home course is the cross country trails at Van Cortlandt Park, in the Bronx, New York.

Discontinued sports

Football

Iona's football program ran from 1965 to 2008. The program was ended in part due to the dissolution of the MAAC Football League in 2007.

Ice Hockey

The Iona Gaels Ice Hockey program began as an NCAA Division III program in 1967 under coach Harry Nixon, under whom they enjoyed their first season unbeaten. Playing as an Independent program since the program's conception, the Gaels joined the Division III tier of the ECAC Ice Hockey Conference in 1977, before the MAAC introduced Ice Hockey as a sport within the conference in 1998. Their best finish in the MAAC tournament came in the 2000 season, where they placed second.

The program ran until the end of the 2002–03 NCAA Ice Hockey season, after the board of trustees decided to remove the program from the Gaels' varsity sports teams.

Facilities
 Glen Island Park: Men's and Women's Rowing
 Hynes Athletics Center: Men's and Women's Basketball, Swimming and Diving, and Water Polo, as well as Women's Volleyball
 Mazzella Field: Men's and Women's Soccer, Women's Lacrosse, and Men's Rugby
 Rice Oval: Men's and Women's Softball
 City Park: Men's and Women's Baseball
 Van Cortlandt Park Men's and Women's Cross Country

Rivalries
Iona's rivals include the following:
 Syracuse University
 Manhattan College
 Monmouth University
 Fordham University
 Siena College
 Marist College

References

External links

Sports clubs and teams in the New York metropolitan area
Rugby union teams in New York (state)


Ellen Rose Alemany is an American business executive. She is the Vice Chairwoman of First Citizens BancShares. She was formerly the chairwoman of CIT Group.

In 2020 she was included in a list of "most powerful women in banking" published by American Banker.

Early life and education
Alemany was raised in the Bronx, New York, the daughter of Italian immigrants who operated a liquor store. She graduated with a B.A. in English literature from the University of Bridgeport. After school she took a job in the legal department at IBM and then at Chase Manhattan where she worked in process engineering while attending graduate school in the evenings.

She received an MBA from Fordham University with a specialization in finance in 1980. She completed the Credit Training Program at Chase Manhattan Bank in 1981. She has honorary doctorates from Bryant University and Fordham University.

Career
From 1977 to 1987, Alemany worked at Chase Bank. In 1987, Alemany joined Citibank and held various positions including CEO for Global Transaction Services, executive vice president for the Commercial Business Group, which includes CitiCapital, the Commercial Markets Group and the Commercial Real Estate Group. Alemany joined RBS Americas as chairman and CEO in 2007. In 2008, Alemany was named CEO of RBS Citizens Financial Group, and was appointed chairman and CEO in 2009. She was also a member of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group's executive committee, RBS's nine-member executive leadership team. She also served as CitiCapital president and CEO. In October 2013, she retired as chairman and CEO of RBS Citizens Financial Group and RBS Americas.

She came out of early retirement to become the CEO of CIT Group in April 2016 and became chairwoman in May 2016. Her strategy there was to concentrate on the core activities of the company, and dispose of unprofitable subsidiaries. An increase in the number of female executives in the company has been attributed to her.

In 2020 First Citizens BancShares agreed to buy CIT for $2.2 billion, and offered Alemany a position as vice-chair, with a salary of $1 million and guaranteed bonus of almost $6.9 million per year, conditional on her remaining with the company for two years.

Other positions
Alemany was the First District representative on the Federal Advisory Council from 2008 to 2010.

She has been on the board of the Center for Discovery since 2008, of Automatic Data Processing since 2012, of Fidelity National Information Services since 2014, of Operation HOPE since 2015 and of Dun & Bradstreet since 2021. From 2002 to 2010 she was on the board of the New York division of March of Dimes.

She is on the board of Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of New York and the advisory board of the Mayor's Fund to Advance New York City, and is a trustee of The Conference Board.

Personal life
She is married to Joaquin "Jack" Alemany; they have three children, including Jackie Alemany.

Awards and honors
2007 - Alemany named to Treasury and Risk's list of the 100 Most Influential People in Finance (Bankers Redefining Their Role and Watching Their Backs).
2009 - Alemany named to Forbes Magazine "One of the World's Most Powerful Women" list.
2011 - Recipient of the Foreign Policy Association Corporate Social Responsibility Award.
2012 - Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame 2010 Honoree.
2013 - American Banker Lifetime Achievement Award. American Banker recognized Alemany's contributions and influence, naming her nine times to its annual list of the 25 Most Powerful Women in Banking.
2017 – American Banker Most Powerful Women in Banking (#3)
2018 - Alemany was named the winner of the Peter G. Peterson award by the Conference Board's Committee for Economic Development.
2018 – American Banker Most Powerful Women in Banking (#3)
2019 – Crain's New York Business Notable Women in Banking
2019 – Women's Bond Club Merit Award
2019 – The Center for Discovery honoree
2019 – American Banker Most Powerful Women in Banking (#2)
2020 – Darla Moore School of Business Center for Executive Succession Leadership Legacy Award
2020 – American Banker Most Powerful Women in Banking
2021 – Crain's New York Business Notable Women on Wall Street

References

Living people
Businesspeople from the Bronx
University of Bridgeport alumni
Fordham University alumni
IBM employees
American bankers
American chief executives of financial services companies
JPMorgan Chase people
Citigroup employees
Gabelli School of Business alumni
NatWest Group people
American women bankers
American chairpersons of corporations
American women chief executives
Women corporate directors
Chairwomen
Year of birth missing (living people)
American people of Italian descent
20th-century American businesswomen
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesswomen
21st-century American businesspeople


Marine Attack Squadron 543 (VMA-543) was an aviation unit of the United States Marine Corps. The squadron, also known as the “Night Hawks”, were part of the Marine Forces Reserve and were based at Naval Air Station Glenview, Illinois until their deactivation on April 1, 1974. Originally activated during World War II, they fought in the Battle of Okinawa as part of the Tactical Air Force. The squadron was credited with downing 15 Japanese aircraft during the war. Following the surrender of Japan, the squadron was deactivated only to be later reactivated as part of the Reserves.  They were again deactivated in 1974 and remain in an inactive status today.

History

World War II
VMF(N)-543 was commissioned on April 15, 1944 at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina.  On July 2, 1943 the squadron commanding officer, Major Claude Carlson, was killed when he developed hypoxia at high altitude in his F6F Hellcat due to a defective regulator.  The Night Hawks continued to train there through the summer until the squadron moved to Marine Corps Air Station El Centro, California on September 30, 1944.  More training ensued until it departed for Marine Corps Air Station Ewa, Hawaii in January 1945.  From MCAS Ewa the squadron was separated into three echelons.  The assault echelon departed Hawaii on February 22 on board the  and .  They steamed westward via Eniwetok, Ulithi, Palau, and Leyte, landing on Okinawa early April 7.  The flight echelon arrived on Okinawa April 9 and the rear echelon caught up with the squadron on May 1, 1945.

The squadron took its first casualties when 5 squadron Marines were injured when their transport ship USS Achernar was hit by a kamikaze.  Twenty members of the squadron received commendations for their actions to help put out the fire on board the ship that ensued. During the Battle of Okinawa the squadron was attached to Marine Aircraft Group 33 (MAG-33) and flew from Kadena Airfield  They began flying tactical mission on April 9 and continued through August 7.  At first the Marine night fighters were not that effective against the nightly Japanese bombing raids.  The network of Air Warning Squadrons, which would provide ground-controlled intercept around the island, was still being emplaced, there were many issues with sensitive electronics gear, radio interference was rampant and even friendly anti-aircraft fire was a problem.  By mid-May though, the problems had been worked through, and for the remainder of the campaign night fighters were extremely effective against the enemy.  During the battle the squadron was also tasked with flying night heckling missions which consisted of strafing enemy positions though these missions effects were limited at best.  During their time on Okinawa the Night Hawks were credited with shooting down 15 Japanese aircraft and 1 probable.  Following the Battle of Okinawa the squadron moved to Awase Airfield where they would remain until the surrender of Japan.

VMF(N)-543 would return to the states in January 1946 and be based at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, California.  On April 11, 1946, as part of the post-war drawdown of forces, the squadron was decommissioned.

Reserve years
After the war the squadron was reactivated as Marine Fighting Squadron 543 (VMF-543), a standard day fighter squadron at Naval Air Station Glenview, Illinois.  The squadron was later designated Marine Attack Squadron 543 (VMA-543) but was deactivated on April 1, 1974 as part of the post-Vietnam War reduction in forces.

Unit awards

A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. VMA-543 was presented with the following awards:

See also

 United States Marine Corps Aviation
 List of active United States Marine Corps aircraft squadrons
 List of decommissioned United States Marine Corps aircraft squadrons

Citations

References

Bibliography

Web

 VMA-543 page @ www.skyhawk.org
 Ejection history - 1stLt Philip H. Neubig

543
Inactive units of the United States Marine Corps


Savalen is a lake in Innlandet country, Norway. The  lake is located along the border of the municipalities Tynset and Alvdal. The lake sits about  west of the village of Tynset and about  north of the village of Alvdal.

The river Sivilla, which connects the lake Savalen and the large river Glomma, is regulated and exploited by the  Savalen hydropower station.

A tourist resort is located at the northern end of the lake, with facilities for winter sports. The skating stadium is the highest elevation skating venue in Norway. This venue saw two speed skating world records set by Eric Heiden, a world record in 1,000 m in 1978 and a world record in 3,000 m speedskating in 1979.

Arne Garborg's Kolbotn is located at the southern end of the lake.

See also
List of lakes in Norway

References

Tynset
Alvdal
Lakes of Innlandet
Speed skating venues in Norway


Minecode, LLC was a privately held IT consulting company based in Bellevue, Washington, United States. It had development centers both in India and the U.S with focus on Microsoft, Java, and Web 2.0 technologies.

History
Minecode was established in 2001 as Syntegral, LLC. In 2003, Syntegral, LLC changed its name to Minecode. In 2005, Minecode established an offshore subsidiary in Gurgaon, India. Minecode currently is DBA Minebrain, headquartered in India. Samal moved remaining assets offshore to avoid attachment in bankruptcy and legal proceedings.

In 2007, Minecode purchased Seattle-based X6 Technologies, a company specializing in customized marketing and VDP technology solutions and shortly thereafter, in early 2008, purchased Saltmine, an interactive design firm with offices in Seattle, Washington and Portland, Oregon.

In February 2010, Minecode and Saltmine filed for bankruptcy leaving multiple employees with unpaid salaries and expenses. The employees have filed suit following the bankruptcy filing.

Scandals
Minecode employees, CEO Pradyumna Samal (PK Samal) and project manager Sandeep Verma, pleaded guilty to several counts of computer intrusion in 2009. The charges arose after the employees at the Bellevue Web development shop intentionally disabled the Web site of Vinado, an online wine shop that had allegedly failed to pay its bills.

Verma was ordered to pay a $2,500 fine and sentenced to 1 year of probation. Minecode itself was also sentenced to 3 years' probation, a fine of $144,000 and a restitution of $120,000.

Samal was sentenced to 90 days of home confinement with electronic monitoring and 3 years' probation. He was also instructed to complete 288 hours of community service and undergo moral reconation therapy.

References

Technology companies established in 2001
Companies based in Bellevue, Washington
Corporate crime
2009 crimes in the United States
Cybercrime


This is a List of City of Santa Monica Designated Historic Landmarks.

Ordinance
As the 1975 Santa Monica Centennial approached, the City Council created the Historical Site Committee, and adopted the Landmarks and Historic District Ordinance on March 24, 1976. The Santa Monica Landmarks and Historic Districts Ordinance was amended in 1987 and again in 1991, to create a more comprehensive preservation program. The ordinance established a seven-member appointed Landmarks Commission with the power to designate Structures of Merit and Landmarks, and to make recommendations to the City Council regarding the designation of potential Historic Districts.

Criteria
The Landmarks Commission may approve the landmark designation of a structure, improvement, natural feature or an object if it finds that it meets one or more of the following criteria:

 It exemplifies, symbolizes, or manifests elements of the cultural, social, economic, political or architectural history of the city.
 It has aesthetic or artistic interest or value, or other noteworthy interest or value.
 It is identified with historic personages or with important events in local, state or national history.
 It embodies distinguishing architectural characteristics valuable to a study of a period, style, method of construction, or the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship, or is a unique or rare example of an architectural design, detail or historical type valuable to such a study.
 It is a significant or a representative example of the work or product of a notable builder, designer or architect.
 It has a unique location, a singular physical characteristic, or is an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood, community or the city.

Listing of the City of Santa Monica Designated City Landmarks

See also

 National Register of Historic Places listings in Los Angeles County, California

References

External links
Historic Preservation in Santa Monica

Lists of places in California
 Historic Landmarks
Santa Monica

Santa Monica
Heritage registers in California
Lists of buildings and structures in California
Locally designated landmarks in the United States


Alhazred is a 2006 Cthulhu Mythos novel by Canadian writer Donald Tyson. The book is a follow-up to Tyson's 2004 "translation" of the Necronomicon. Like Tyson's Necronomicon and related works, Alhazred draws heavily from the work of early 20th-century American fiction writer H. P. Lovecraft.

Synopsis
The book is written as an autobiographical account of the life of Abdul Alhazred, the author of the legendary grimoire known as the Necronomicon. The book does not draw on any previous accounts of Alhazred's life, but portrays him instead as a tragic antihero. The book begins with a short narrative describing how Alhazred was tortured as a young man by the ruthless king of his home city, which is explained in gruesome detail. The tortures endured by Alhazred (and his subsequent banishment from his home) contribute to his violent attitude as an adult, which leads him to commit, among other acts, cannibalism, the murder of innocent children and assisting a cult of ghouls in their war against a rival clan.

Throughout his travels, Alhazred learns to use his abilities (lack of empathy, uncanny agility and the ability to communicate with the dead) to survive, often in gratuitously self-serving ways. He accumulates an array of grim survival tools, such as an obsidian blade and mysterious spiders which, when eaten, grant him the ability to see in the dark and amplified hearing. He also encounters many beings and characters from the Cthulhu Mythos in which his adventures take place.

References

Cthulhu Mythos novels
2006 Canadian novels
2006 fantasy novels
Novels about writers
Novels based on works by H. P. Lovecraft


Ounga may refer to:
 Ounga, Tunisia, an archaeological site in Tunisia
 Ounga, Alaska, a ghost town in Alaska, United States

See also
 Oonga (disambiguation)
 Unga (disambiguation)


Lyle Beerbohm (born February 5, 1979) is a retired American professional mixed martial artist. A professional competitor from 2007 until 2013, he fought for Strikeforce, the World Series of Fighting, EliteXC, and King of the Cage.

Mixed martial arts career

Early career
Beerbohm has openly stated he discovered his passion for MMA while locked up in prison at Walla Walla for charges related to methamphetamine usage. On the day of his release, Beerbohm had his father stop at a Brazilian jiu-jitsu training center in Spokane, Washington. Beerbohm later had his first amateur MMA bout after a week of training. As an amateur, he went undefeated with a record of 10–0. Beerbohm only spent 23 months learning and training in MMA before going pro.

Beerbohm made his professional debut in April 2007 and amassed an undefeated record of 6–0 before signing with EliteXC in 2008. He then went undefeated 2–0 in the organization before it was dissolved.

Strikeforce
Following the closing of EliteXC, Beerbohm fought for both King of the Cage and Strikeforce. In October 2009, he signed a multi-fight deal with Strikeforce.  He scored the biggest win of his career in May 2010 over heralded BJJ practitioner Vítor Ribeiro by split decision on the Strikeforce: Heavy Artillery card.

On February 18, 2011, Beerbohm lost the first fight of his career via unanimous decision to MMA veteran Pat Healy at Strikeforce Challengers: Beerbohm vs. Healy.

Beerbohm quickly returned to action and faced Shinya Aoki on April 9, 2011, at Strikeforce: Diaz vs. Daley.  He lost the fight via submission in the first round.

Post-Strikeforce
Beerbohm defeated former PRIDE and UFC fighter Marcus Aurélio in his ShoFight debut after signing a one fight contract with the promotion.

World Series of Fighting
In September 2012 Beerbohm signed a contract with the Las Vegas based promotion World Series of Fighting; the owner of WSOF, K-1 kickboxing legend Ray Sefo, personally met with Beerbohm to secure the multi fight contract in his home state of Washington. In his debut Beerbohm faced UFC vet Jacob Volkmann at WSOF 3 on June 14, 2013. He lost via unanimous decision.

Television and film
Beerbohm stars in Fight Life, an award-winning documentary on the sport of MMA. The film documents his life inside and outside the cage from 2008-2012, the film is directed by James Z. Feng and released in 2013.

Personal life
Beerbohm received his nickname "Fancy Pants" due to the unusual multi-colored and form-fitting shorts that he wears during his fights. They are personally made by his mother.

Beerbohm has openly talked about his struggles with drug addiction. Despite staying clean from methamphetamine for a number of years, in 2016 Beerbohm relapsed and is currently dealing with a number of criminal accusations related to recent arrests, including possession of a controlled substance.

Mixed martial arts record

|-
| Win
| align=center| 25–3
| Devin Dinh
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| Conquest of the Cage 14
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:44
| Airway Heights, Washington, United States
|Middleweight debut.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 24–3
| Wesley Golden
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| Northwest Fighting: Young Guns 9
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:28
| Usk, Washington, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 23–3
| Victor Estrada
| TKO (knees to the body)
| Conquest of the Cage 13
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| N/A
| Airway Heights, Washington, United States
|Lightweight bout.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 22–3
| Jacob Volkmann
| Decision (unanimous)
| World Series of Fighting 3
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|Lightweight bout.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 22–2
| Justin Larsson
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| Northwest Fighting: Young Guns 6
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 2:42
| Usk, Washington, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 21–2
| Chris Ensley
| TKO (punches)
| Northwest Fighting: Young Guns 5
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 0:17
| Usk, Washington, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 20–2
| Kenny Ento
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| KOTC: Breaking Point
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:28
| Worley, Idaho, United States
| Catchweight (179 lbs) bout.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 19–2
| Marcus Aurélio
| Decision (unanimous)
| ShoFight 20
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Springfield, Missouri, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 18–2
| Chris Ensley
| Submission (armbar)
| KOTC: Wild Card
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:26
| Worley, Idaho, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 17–2
| Cleburn Walker
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| WMMA1: McCorkle vs. Heden
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:34
| El Paso, Texas, United States
|Return to Welterweight.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 16–2
| Shinya Aoki
| Submission (neck crank)
| Strikeforce: Diaz vs. Daley
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:33
| San Diego, California, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 16–1
| Pat Healy
| Decision (unanimous)
| Strikeforce Challengers: Beerbohm vs. Healy
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Cedar Park, Texas, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 16–0
| Talon Hoffman
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| Rumble on the Ridge XV
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:48
| Snoqualmie, Washington, United States
| Catchweight (165 lbs) bout.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 15–0
| Josh Calvo
| Technical Submission (guillotine choke)
| Rumble on the Ridge XIV
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 0:20
| Snoqualmie, Washington, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 14–0
| Vítor Ribeiro
| Decision (split)
| Strikeforce: Heavy Artillery
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| St. Louis, Missouri, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 13–0
| Josh Martin
| TKO (elbows)
| Arena Rumble: Guida vs. Horn
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:29
| Spokane, Washington, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 12–0
| Duane Ludwig
| Submission (bulldog choke)
| Strikeforce Challengers: Villasenor vs. Cyborg
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:27
| Kent, Washington, United States
|Catchweight (160 lbs) bout.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 11–0
| Jorge Sarat
| TKO (punches)
| KOTC: Fusion
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 3:48
| Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, United States
|Lightweight debut.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 10–0
| Rafaello Oliveira
| TKO (doctor stoppage)
| ShoXC: Elite Challenger Series
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 5:00
| Hammond, Indiana, United States
|Catchweight (160 lbs) bout.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 9–0
| Ed Nuno
| Decision (unanimous)
| SF 22: Re-Awakening
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Portland, Oregon, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 8–0
| Dave Knight
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| XCC 6: Western Threat
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:44
| Reno, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 7–0
| Vince Guzman
| Submission (rear naked choke)
| ShoXC: Elite Challenger Series
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 3:26
| Santa Ynez, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 6–0
| Ray Perales
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| Strikeforce: At The Dome
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 1:19
| Tacoma, Washington, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 5–0
| Gerald Strebendt
| Submission (injury)
| Elite Warriors Championship
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:42
| San Francisco, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 4–0
| Jeremy Burnett
| TKO (punches)
| Conquest of the Cage
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:44
| Seattle, Washington, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 3–0
| Felix Jose Carrillo
| TKO (punches)
| Ringside Ticket
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 1:16
| Highland, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 2–0
| Dean Henderson
| TKO (doctor stoppage)
| Xtreme Cage Combat 4
|
| align=center| 5
| align=center| N/A
| Reno, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 1–0
| Kyle Hutchinson
| TKO (punches)
| Combat Caged Warriors
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 0:51
| Spokane, Washington, United States
|

Entrance music

References

External links

American male mixed martial artists
Lightweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Living people
Sportspeople from Spokane, Washington
Mixed martial artists from Washington (state)
1979 births
Mixed martial arts trainers
American practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu
American people convicted of drug offenses
Criminals from Washington (state)
21st-century American criminals


Tight Knit is a full-length album by Vetiver. It was released on February 17, 2009, under Sub Pop Records.

Track listing
All songs written by Andy Cabic.
 "Rolling Sea" – 5:19
 "Sister" – 3:44
 "Everyday" – 3:49
 "Through the Front Door" – 4:27
 "Down from Above" – 3:54
 "On the Other Side" – 3:10
 "More of This" – 4:01
 "Another Reason to Go" – 3:44
 "Strictly Rule" – 4:29
 "At Forest Edge" – 5:48
 "Pay No Mind (Bonus Track)"

References

2009 albums
Vetiver albums
Sub Pop albums


Vancouver Public Schools is a school district in Vancouver, Washington covering  in Clark County.

Schools

The district has 36 schools:

 21 elementary schools (PK-Grade 5)
 6 middle schools (Grades 6-8)
 5 high schools (Grades 9 to 12)

Vancouver High School stood for many years at the intersection of Columbia and West Fourth Plain Boulevard, but was closed in the mid-1950s, with students divided between two new schools: Fort Vancouver High School and Hudson's Bay High School.

References

External links

 Vancouver School District

Education in Clark County, Washington
School districts in Washington (state)


Pennsylvania Railroad 4800, nicknamed "Old Rivets", is a GG1-class electric locomotive located at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania, outside of Strasburg, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is the prototype GG1 and was originally numbered 4899. Built by General Electric in 1934, the locomotive competed against a prototype, the R1, built by rival company Westinghouse. 4800 was kept in service by the Pennsylvania Railroad and its successors, Penn Central and Conrail, until 1979. It was sold the next year to a local chapter of the National Railway Historical Society. 4800 was dedicated in 1982 at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania and was designated a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark in 1983.

Construction and testing

In 1933, the Pennsylvania Railroad decided to replace the P5, and instructed General Electric and Westinghouse to design an electric locomotive that was more powerful than the P5, capable of speeds of , have a lighter axle load and to be double-ended with a cab in the center of the carbody. Westinghouse designed the R1 #4800, and General Electric submitted the GG1, then numbered 4899.

The frames, running gear and riveted body for the prototype GG1 were built by Baldwin Locomotive Works. The partially built locomotive was then shipped to the General Electric factory in Erie, Pennsylvania for the installation of its electrical components. Twelve traction motors, two on each of the GG1's six powered axles, produced  that was transmitted to the  driving wheels by a quill drive. Unlike other GG1s, access steps were installed at each end of the locomotive to ease maintenance of the pantographs; the pantographs were mechanically linked to a safety plate that blocked access to the steps when the pantographs were raised. The finished locomotive was  long and  tall, with both of its pantographs lowered.

GG1 4899 was extensively tested against the R1 from August to November 1934; both locomotives were substituted on regular passenger service between New York City and Philadelphia. Both locomotives were found to be capable of rapid acceleration with short-term power outputs of up to . The GG1, however, did not exert as much lateral force on the rails as the R1, because it was articulated, which allowed for a smaller turning radius than the rigid R1. The Pennsylvania chose the GG1 over the R1 and immediately ordered another 57 locomotives. As the number scheme used by the Pennsylvania prevented the first locomotive in the class from being 4899, the R1 and GG1 prototypes, essentially, swapped numbers. The Pennsylvania also enlisted the assistance of Raymond Loewy to refine the aesthetics of the GG1s. Loewy recommended that all subsequent models of the class should have a welded body rather than the riveted body on the prototype. This led to the nickname "Old Rivets" being given to 4800.

Operation and preservation
On January 28, 1935, 4800 inaugurated electric passenger service between Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia by pulling a charter train for railroad and government officials; 4800 set a speed record of  outside of Landover, Maryland on the return trip. Regular passenger service began on February 10, 1935. 4800 remained in regular passenger service with the Pennsylvania, until it joined production GG1s 4801–4857 in the pool of  geared freight locomotives. It had its steam generator removed in June 1960, about a year after hauling a National Railway Historical Society-charted excursion to commemorate its 25th birthday.4800 continued to haul freight for the Pennsylvania and its successors Penn Central and Conrail. In 1976, Conrail gave 4800 a red, white and blue paint scheme to commemorate the United States Bicentennial. It was also the only GG1 to wear Conrail blue paint; all the other Conrail GG1s remained in black. 4800 was eventually retired by Conrail in October 1979 after the locomotive's main transformer failed, which was deemed too expensive to repair.

4800 was sold by Conrail in 1980 to the Lancaster-chapter of the National Railway Historical Society for the scrap-value price of $30,000. The locomotive was given a cosmetic restoration back to its 1935 appearance by the nearby Strasburg Rail Road and volunteers. 4800 was dedicated and put on display at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania on November 20, 1982. It was designated a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) on April 23, 1983.

In 2012, PRR 4800 was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame for its contribution to the railway industry.

See also

 List of Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmarks
 List of North America Railway Hall of Fame inductees

References

Sources

2-C+C-2 locomotives
11 kV AC locomotives
Baldwin locomotives
Collection of the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania
General Electric locomotives
Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmarks
Individual locomotives of the United States
4800
Preserved electric locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States


Buyaso is one of five parishes in Illano, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is  in size. The population is 136.

Villages
 A Baboreira
 Bustello
 Buyaso
 Llanteiro
 Llombatín
 El Poceiro
 El Villar de Buyaso

Hamlets
 El Cortín
 A Chousaveya
 A Penella

References

Parishes in Illano


Credo is a novel written by Melvyn Bragg and published in 1996. Credo talks about the Christian faith set in 7th-century Britain and the story of a young Celtic Princess torn between her dedication to God's service and her love for Padric, a Prince of Rheged. Set against the background of venerated Church figures of the period, notably St Cuthbert, St Wilfrid and Hilda of Whitby , Bega (i.e. St Bee) experiences all the violence and deprivations of her age.

It appeared in the United States with the title The Sword and the Miracle.

References
Amazon Books

Books by Melvyn Bragg
1996 British novels
Novels set in the 7th century
Sceptre (imprint) books


Cirsium douglasii is a species of thistle known by the common names Douglas' thistle and California swamp thistle.

It is native to the central coast and northern California ranges, foothills, and plateaus, and adjacent parts of southern Oregon and northwest Nevada. It grows in wet places in a number of types of habitat.

Description
This native thistle, Cirsium douglasii, is a biennial or short-lived perennial herb growing up to   tall, with a branching woolly stem. The longest gray-tomentose leaves, located about the base of the plant, are up to  long. They are sometimes lobed or toothed and are borne on a spiny petiole.

The inflorescence is a cluster of several flower heads surrounded by small leaves. Each flower head is up to  long and lined with purple-tipped spiny phyllaries. The head contains purple or white flowers. The fruit is a dark-colored achene  long/diameter with a pappus which may reach  in length.

Varieties
 Cirsium douglasii var. breweri (A.Gray) D.J.Keil & C.E.Turner - California, Oregon, Nevada
 Cirsium douglasii var. douglasii  - California

References

External links

Jepson Manual treatment — Cirsium douglasii
Cirsium douglasii — Calphotos Photos gallery, University of California

douglasii
Flora of the Western United States
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area
Plants described in 1838
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Kalakkad S. Ramanarayana Iyer (; 10 October 1910 – 1992) was a Carnatic musician and composer born in Kalakkad, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India. He was also awarded the Kalaimamani award by the Government of Tamil Nadu marking his dedication and service.

References

External links
Article in The Hindu
Iyer popularizing Koteeswara Iyer krithis
. Composed by Shri Papanasam Sivan

1910 births
1992 deaths
Carnatic composers
Musicians from Tamil Nadu
20th-century Indian musicians


Fare Forward Voyagers (Soldier's Choice) (or simply, Fare Forward Voyagers) is an album by American fingerstyle guitarist and composer John Fahey, released in 1973. It contains three songs, one comprising a complete side of the original LP.

History
Following the fulfillment of his two-album contract with Reprise Records and lackluster sales, Fahey was released from Reprise and went back to recording for his own Takoma label.

Fahey originally dedicated the album to Swami Satchidananda, but later said the primary reason he was involved with the "spiritual community in the mountains of Lake County, Northern California" was because he was in love with the Swami's secretary. Relating the background to the recording of Fare Forward Voyagers to Byron Coley in his article "The Persecutions and Resurrections of Blind Joe Death", Fahey recalled "Probably the primary reason I got involved with them was that I fell in love with Swami Satchidananda's secretary, Shanti Norris. So, I was doing benefits for them, hoping to score points with her, and along the way I learned a lot of hatha yoga. I could go over there and get food any time I liked. I didn’t believe in Krishna or anything. It was like being in the middle of The Thief of Bagdad.”

The album and song titles are from American poet T.S. Eliot’s Four Quartets set of poems. Fahey later said the songs were "too demanding" to play live.

An earlier version of the title track was released on the 2006 reissue of The Yellow Princess. Themes from "Requiem for Russell Blaine Cooper", "When the Catfish Is In Bloom", and "Dalhart, Texas 1967" can be found in the three songs.

Reception

Fare Forward Voyagers received generally positive reviews from music critics. In reviewing Fare Forward Voyagers for Allmusic, Eugene Chadbourne compared it to Indian ragas, but diverging from ragas in that "the compositions are something in the order of unpredictable miniature symphonies, each with different sections, variations, and developments." Chadbourne also praises the engineering, writing of "... the superb sound on the guitar; the brightly ringing high strings is something that can be heard on many Fahey recordings, but the deeply rich bass string sound is distinct and particularly effective."

Record Collector reviewer Grahame Bent praised the reissue, stating "Overall, the influence of Indian ragas is clearly audible both in Fahey’s playing and his compositional approach... the supreme meditative power of Fahey’s playing speaks eloquently for itself on this stunning blend of Zen minimalism and good old fashioned virtuosity."

Reissues
Fare Forward Voyagers was reissued on CD by Shanachie Records in 1992 with new artwork.
Fare Forward Voyagers was reissued on CD in 2007 by Ace Records.

Track listing
All songs by John Fahey.

Side one
 "When the Fire and the Rose Are One" – 13:55
 "Thus Krishna on the Battlefield" – 6:36

Side two
 "Fare Forward Voyagers" – 23:42

Personnel
John Fahey – guitar
Production notes
Douglas Decker – engineer
Steve Guy – mastering
Jon Monday – original cover art
Stefan Grossman – art direction (reissue)
Josephine Ayres – photography
Robert Vosgien – digital mastering

References

External links
 Fare Forward Voyagers (Soldier's Choice) at the Internet Archive, with the 1992 CD liner notes and options to stream the album from licensed platforms

1973 albums
John Fahey (musician) albums
Takoma Records albums
Albums produced by John Fahey (musician)