Yuri Alexandrovich Bezmenov (; December 11, 1939 – January 5, 1993; alias: Tomas David Schuman) was a Soviet journalist for Novosti Press Agency (APN) and a former PGU KGB informant who defected to Canada.

After being assigned to a station in India, Bezmenov eventually grew to love the people and the culture of India. At the same time, he began to resent the KGB-sanctioned repression of intellectuals who dissented from Moscow's policies and he decided to defect to the West. Bezmenov is best remembered for his anti-communist lectures and books published in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.

Early life and student years (1939–1963)
Bezmenov was born in 1939 in Mytishchi, near Moscow, to Russian parents. His father was a high ranking Soviet Army officer, later put in charge of inspecting Soviet troops in foreign countries, such as Mongolia and Cuba. Bezmenov's father died in the 1970s. When Bezmenov was seventeen, he entered the Institute of Oriental Languages, a part of the Moscow State University which was under the direct control of the KGB and the Communist Party Central Committee. In addition to languages, he studied history, literature, and music, and became an expert on Indian culture. During his second year, Bezmenov sought to look like a person from India; his teachers encouraged this because graduates of the school were employed as diplomats, foreign journalists, or spies.

As a Soviet student, he was required to take compulsory military training in which he was taught how to play "strategic war games" using the maps of foreign countries, as well as how to interrogate prisoners of war.

Life in India, propaganda work, and disillusionment (1963–1970)
After graduating in 1963, Bezmenov spent two years in India working as a translator and public relations officer with the Soviet economic aid group Soviet Refineries Constructions, which built refinery complexes.

In 1965, Bezmenov was recalled to Moscow and began to work for Novosti Press Agency as an apprentice for their classified department of "Political Publications" (GRPP). He discovered that about three quarters of Novosti's staff were actually KGB officers, with the remainder being "co-opted" or KGB freelance writers and informers like himself. However, Bezmenov did not do real freelance writing. Instead, Bezmenov edited and planted propaganda materials in foreign media and accompanied delegations of Novosti's guests from foreign countries on tours of the Soviet Union or to international conferences held in the Soviet Union.

After several months, Bezmenov claimed he was forced to act as an informer while maintaining his position as a Novosti journalist. He used his journalistic duties to help gather information and to spread disinformation to foreign countries for the purposes of Soviet propaganda and subversion.

Rapid promotion followed, and Bezmenov was once again assigned to Bila in 1969, this time as a Soviet press-officer and a public relations agent for the KGB. He continued Novosti's propaganda efforts in New Delhi, working in the Soviet embassy. Bezmenov was directed to slowly establish a Soviet sphere of influence in India. In the same year, a secret directive of the Central Committee opened a new secret department in all the Soviet Union's embassies around the world, entitled the "Research and Counter-Propaganda Group". Bezmenov became a deputy chief of that department, gathering intelligence from sources like Indian informers and agents, on influential and/or politically significant citizens of India.

Bezmenov stated that he was instructed not to waste time on idealistic leftists, as they would become disillusioned, bitter, and adversarial when they realized the true nature of Soviet communism.

During that period, Bezmenov became increasingly aware of the insidious and ruthless Soviet system. He then began careful planning to defect to the West.

Defection to the West and life in Canada (1970–1983)
According to a statement provided to the Delhi Police by the so-called Russian Information Centre, on February 8, 1970, Bezmenov was set to see a screening of the American film The Incident with two of his colleagues. However, it was reported by them at the time that he had not bought his ticket, and told them he would join them in a moment and try to purchase one from a scalper outside the theater. Bezmenov did not return to the theater. Instead, Bezmenov put on hippie clothes, complete with a beard and wig, before joining a tour group. By these means, he escaped to Athens, Greece. His defection was reported in the United States, with Soviet sources stating he was "not important" and did "clerical work", and American intelligence openly stating they believed him to be an agent of the KGB. At the time, his whereabouts were depicted in American media as unknown. After contacting the American embassy and undergoing extensive interviews with United States intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was able to help Bezmenov seek asylum in Canada, granted by the administration of Pierre Trudeau. The CIA and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) advised him to adopt a new name and identity for reasons of safety. In order to save face with the embarrassment of a defection within the KGB ranks, the Delhi residency officially reported he had been abducted, and his son, his closest surviving relative, was given financial compensation.

After studying political science at the University of Toronto for two years, and working on an Ontario farm for three years, in 1973, Bezmenov was hired by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in Montreal, broadcasting to the Soviet Union as part of the CBC's International Service. This is when he met his wife, Tess. In 1976, Bezmenov was fired from the CBC at the request of then Prime Minister, Pierre Elliot Trudeau. The Soviet ambassador to Canada phoned then-prime minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau to complain about Bezmenov’s Russian-language broadcasts. This led to a phone call from the prime minister to CBC’s president, continuing down the chain until Bezmenov was fired on March 9, 1976. After the CBC, he began free-lance journalism. He became a consultant for Almanac Panorama of the World Information Network. Bezmenov claimed that the KGB successfully used the Soviet Ambassador to Canada to persuade Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau to apply pressure to have him removed from that position. He claimed that he received veiled death threats from the KGB.

Pro-American literature and lectures (Los Angeles, 1981–1986)
He moved to Los Angeles in the 1980s. In 1983, at a lecture in Los Angeles, Bezmenov expressed the opinion that he "wouldn't be surprised" if the Soviet Union had shot down Korean Air Lines Flight 007 in order to kill Larry McDonald, an anti-communist Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives.  Around the same time, Bezmenov had a child in the West, a daughter named Tanya. He later had a son named Johnathan.

In 1984, he gave an interview to G. Edward Griffin, titled 'Soviet Subversion of the Free World Press'. In the interview, Bezmenov explained the methods used by the KGB for the gradual subversion of the political system of the United States.

Under the pen-name Tomas D. Schuman, Bezmenov authored the book Love Letter to America. The author's biography of the book likens Bezmenov to Winston Smith, from George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. Other books by Bezmenov are: No Novosti Is Good News, World Thought Police, Black Is Beautiful, Communism Is Not.

In 1984, the Washington Post reported Bezmenov publicly denounced admission of a Soviet cruise ship to Los Angeles during the 1984 Summer Olympics, stating that they were placed there under the guise of entertainment, but maintained electronic surveillance equipment aboard to monitor radio and telephone communications. In another interview, Bezmenov would describe a series of methods he posited that the KGB had used during the Games, including espionage by Soviet foreign journalists, as well as the use of other personnel to "provide better control against possible athletic defections."

Later years and death (1986–1993)
In 1989, he and his wife divorced. That same year he moved to Windsor, Ontario, while she stayed in Montreal. Two years later, he began teaching international relations at the University of Windsor. In late December 1992, Bezmenov visited Tess and their children in Montreal for Christmas. Two weeks later, Bezmenov's death was reported on January 6, 1993. According to the Windsor Star, he died of a "massive heart attack", on Tuesday, January 5, 1993.

Legacy
Since his death, Bezmenov's "Soviet subversion model" has been studied and interpreted by faculty and staff at the Joint Special Operations University (JSOU) to analyze historical events, including the decade-long Russian campaign that preceded the 2008 Russo-Georgian War. His work has also been cited by senior director of UPenn's Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement, and former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, Michael R. Carpenter. His lectures have also been used by Yale senior lecturer Asha Rangappa, to illustrate the concept of active measures in Russia's historical disinformation campaigns in the United States.

On August 19, 2020, Bezmenov's 1984 interview discussing active measures with a journalist G. Edward Griffin was used in the teaser for the video game Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War, in addition to its use in the main introduction on August 26. This in part has contributed to a renewed interest in both Bezmenov's work and lectures.

Works

Books
 Love Letter to America. Los Angeles,  CA: W.I.N. Almanac Panorama (1984). . .
 Black is Beautiful, Communism is Not. Los Angeles, CA: N.A.T.A. Almanac (1985). . .

The following excerpts are from a talk on disinformation in the liberal media, given March 26 at a CAUSA USA Regional Conference in Atlanta, Georgia.
 No "Novosti" is Good News. Los Angeles, CA: Almanac (1985). . .
World Thought Police. Los Angeles, CA: N.A.T.A. Almanac (1986). .

Films
 Soviet Subversion of the Free Press: A Conversation with Yuri Bezmenov. Interview by G. Edward Griffin. Westlake Village, CA: American Media (1984). .

Audio
 Soviet Ideological Subversion of America in Four Stages: Elizabeth Clare Prophet interviews Tomas Schuman, Novosti Press, Soviet Defector. Malibu, CA: Summit University (1984). Incl. 3 audiocassettes, handouts. . "The flame of freedom speaks at Summit University forum."

See also
 List of KGB defectors
 List of Soviet and Eastern Bloc defectors

Notes

References

Further reading

Freedom of Information CIA file with article summarizing Bezmenov's ideas

1939 births
1993 deaths
People from Mytishchi
Canadian anti-communists
Conservatism in Canada
Right-wing politics in Canada
Critics of atheism
Critics of Marxism
Soviet defectors
Activities of foreign intelligence agencies in India
Russian anti-communists
20th-century Russian journalists
Anti-Marxism
Anti-Masonry
Russian expatriates in India


The Unduavi gracile opossum (Cryptonanus unduaviensis) is a species of opossum in the family Didelphidae. It is native to northern Bolivia, where it has been found in seasonally flooded grassland. Some of the specimens recognized by Voss et al. as belonging to this species were previously classified as the unduaviensis or buenavistae subspecies of ''Gracilinanus agilis.

References

Opossums
Endemic fauna of Bolivia
Marsupials of South America
Mammals of Bolivia
Mammals described in 1931


Eugene Beauharnais Beaumont (August 2, 1837 – August 17, 1916) was a Union Army officer in the American Civil War and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at an engagement on the Harpeth River in Tennessee and at the Battle of Selma. After the Civil War he served in the Indian Wars of the western United States.

Early life
Beaumont was born in Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, the son of U.S. Representative Andrew Beaumont. He was appointed to the United States Military Academy from the city of Wilkes-Barre in 1856 and graduated on May 6, 1861. Ranking 32nd out of his class of 45 cadets, Beaumont was assigned as a second lieutenant to the 1st Cavalry Regiment. Soon after entering the Army he married Margaret Rutter, his childhood sweetheart.

Civil War service
He trained soldiers in Washington, D.C., until June 1861, when he was appointed aide-de-camp to General Ambrose Burnside. With Burnside, he participated in the First Battle of Bull Run. In September he became aide-de-camp to General John Sedgwick and served with him in the Peninsula Campaign of early 1862 until falling ill with typhoid fever. After recuperating, he returned to duty in August 1862 and again worked as an aide-de-camp, this time to General-in-Chief of the Union Army, Henry Wager Halleck. Beaumont requested to be sent back to the field, and in May 1863 he rejoined General Sedgwick as a captain. He served with Sedgwick for just over a year and took part in a series of battles, including Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Raccoon Ford, Mine Run, and the Wilderness.

By December 17, 1864, he was a major serving as the Assistant Adjutant General of the Army of the Mississippi's Cavalry Corps. On that day, at the Harpeth River in Tennessee, he took command of the 4th Cavalry Regiment and led a successful mission to capture a Confederate artillery battery. At the Battle of Selma, Alabama, four months later, on April 2, 1865, he led the regiment in an assault on Confederate fortifications. For these actions, he was awarded the Medal of Honor several decades after the end of the war, on March 30, 1898.

Medal of Honor citation
Beaumont's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
Obtained permission from the corps commander to advance upon the enemy's position with the 4th U.S. Cavalry, of which he was a lieutenant; led an attack upon a battery, dispersed the enemy, and captured the guns. At Selma, Ala., charged, at the head of his regiment, into the second and last line of the enemy's works.

Indian Wars service
After the Civil War, Beaumont served with the 4th Cavalry throughout the western United States. One of his first assignments was as commander of the District of Lampasas, Texas, in 1869 and 1870. During the Red River War, he fought with Colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie in the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon, where he led the 4th Cavalry's leading battalion. He spent four years as a cavalry instructor at West Point, from 1875 to 1879, before being promoted to major and returning west. He commanded Fort Reno, in the Indian Territory, for a year, then participated in a campaign against the Ute tribe while stationed at Fort Garland, Colorado. He commanded Fort Riley, Kansas, in 1881, Fort Bowie, Arizona Territory), beginning in 1884, and Fort Huachuca in 1888.

Beaumont's wife Margaret died in 1879 and he remarried, to Maria Orton, in 1883. His oldest daughter from his first marriage, Natalie Sedgewick Beaumont, married George Alexander Forsyth, a fellow 4th Cavalry officer who was only three or four months his junior.  Beaumont's other daughter, also from his first marriage, Hortense Darling Beaumont, married Charles Pinckney Elliott whose father was Brigadier General Stephen Elliott Jr.

He retired on May 6, 1892, as a lieutenant colonel. Beaumont died in the early morning of August 17, 1916, at age 79, in Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania. He was buried at Hollenback Cemetery in his hometown of Wilkes-Barre.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients

References

External links
Beaumont Letterbook USMA Library, Digital Collections, West Point, NY

1837 births
1916 deaths
People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
United States Military Academy alumni
Union Army colonels
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
American people of the Indian Wars
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Military personnel from Pennsylvania
Burials at Hollenback Cemetery


Alegrías De Mediodía (English Midday Happiness) is a TV show broadcast by Canal de las Estrellas between 1980 and 1982.  It is a TV show aimed at a young audience, set in Mexico.  It started on 17 February 1980, and was broadcast from Monday to Friday from 3:30 to 4 in the afternoon through the TV channel Canal De Las Estrellas (The Star's Channel).

The format was child comedy, starring new children with talent that are still in the Mexican media. This was the first time ever Lucero starred on television. Other notable cast members include Chuchito, Usi Velasco, Ginny Hoffman, Aleks Syntek and Carlitos Espejel, among others.

Alegrias De Mediodia was also the first Televisa series to feature Aida Pierce, in the role of the teacher Dona Tecla.  Within a year of the series' launch, Pierce joined the casts of La Carabina de Ambrosio and La Matraca, but she is better known as a regular on nine other television series, including Humor es...los Comediantes, which she would cohost from 2000-01 (reuniting her with Espejel) and Duelo de Pasiones,  as well as a guest on many comedy and variety shows aired on the Televisa networks.

References

1980 Mexican television series debuts
Mexican children's television series
1980s Mexican television series
1982 Mexican television series endings


Elias Allen (c.1588 in Tonbridge – March 1653 in London) was an English maker of sundials and scientific instruments.

Allen was apprenticed to a London clockmaker in 1602 and, after his master died, established himself in a workshop beside St Clement Danes Church, the Strand. He made instruments for James I and Charles I, among others, and was associated with the mathematicians Edmund Gunter and William Oughtred. His apprentices included Ralph Greatorex. He served from 19 January 1637 until 29 July 1638 as Master of the London Clockmakers' Company. He died in March 1653 and was buried in St Clement Danes.

In 1638 William Oughtred wrote a letter to Allen asking him to make the earliest known Oughtred slide rule, and indicating that Oughtred himself had never made one. Oughtred writes, "I have here sent you directions (as you requested me being at Twickenham) about the making of the two rulers. [...] I would gladly see one of them when it is finished, which yet I never have done." The instrument does not survive, but there is a reverse print of it.

Notes

References

External links
 Astronomical Compendium. Accession Number M.51-1963. Made by Allen's workshop for James I, 1617. Victoria and Albert Museum

1580s births
1653 deaths
English clockmakers
People from Tonbridge
Masters of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers


William Phillips Sr. (1722–1804) was a Boston merchant, politician, and a major benefactor of Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts.

Biography
He was a son of Samuel Phillips, pastor of the South Church in Andover, and was a descendant of George Phillips of Watertown, the progenitor of the New England Phillips family in America.

Unlike his brothers, Phillips did not attend Harvard College, instead embarking on a career in the merchant trade, working in the warehouse of merchant Edward Bromfield. He eventually became Bromfield's business partner, and married his daughter Abigail in 1744.

In the 1760s Phillips became active in Boston politics, serving as a town selectman from 1767.  He was active on committees established to organize opposition to unpopular British policies, including one to organize agreement and enforcement of a ban in the importation of goods from Britain subject to taxes imposed by the Townshend Acts.  He was on a committee headed by Samuel Adams and John Hancock to deal with the aftermath of the Boston Massacre in 1770.  In 1772 he was elected to the provincial assembly along with Adams, Hancock, and Thomas Cushing.  Governor Thomas Gage rejected his election to the governor's council in 1774.  That same year he sat on a committee established to determine who would need assistance when the Port of Boston was closed by Gage's implementation of the Boston Port Act.

When the American Revolutionary War broke out in 1775, Phillips relocated his family from occupied Boston to Norwich, Connecticut, where they occupied the childhood home of Benedict Arnold.  He sat in the convention of 1779-80 that drafted the Massachusetts State Constitution, and also in the state convention that ratified the United States Constitution.  He served during the 1780s as a state representative and senator.

He became interested in the project of an academy at Andover as outlined by his nephew Samuel Phillips. He gave the academy an amount equal to that contributed by his brother Samuel. He succeeded his brother as president of the academy's board of trustees, but only served a few years before age and infirmity compelled his retirement.

He was father to William Phillips Jr., father-in-law to Josiah Quincy II, who married his daughter, Abigail Phillips, and grandfather to Josiah Quincy III. and great grandfather of Samuel H. Walley.

Notes and references
"William Phillips and William Phillips", New England Historical and Genealogical Register

External links

1722 births
1804 deaths
American businesspeople
American philanthropists
Members of the colonial Massachusetts House of Representatives
Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
Massachusetts state senators
Phillips family (New England)
18th-century philanthropists


USS Munwood (ID-4460) was a cargo steamship that was built in Scotland in 1914 and was part of the United States Merchant Marine until 1928. From 1918 to 1919 she served in the United States Navy. In 1928 Yugoslav interests bought her and renamed her Vila. In 1935 she sank as the result of a collision in the Adriatic Sea.

Building
Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company built Munwood at Greenock on the Firth of Clyde as yard number 457. She was launched on 7 May 1914 and completed later that year. Her registered length was , her beam was  and her depth was . Her tonnages were ,  and .

She had a single screw, driven by a three-cylinder triple-expansion steam engine that was rated at 320 NHP and gave her a speed of .

Munwoods first owner was the Crossburn Steamship Company, which was a Scottish subsidiary of the Munson Steamship Line of the United States. Munson gave many of its ships names beginning with "Mun-". She was registered in Glasgow, and her United Kingdom official number was 136299.

US ownership
Later in 1914, Munwoods ownership was transferred to the US parent company, and she was re-registered in New York. Her US official number was 212924 and her code letters were LFDM. By 1918 she was equipped for wireless telegraphy, and her call sign was KUH.

From 29 September 1917 Munwood carried cargoes to France. She was defensively armed with one 5-inch/40-caliber gun and one 3-inch/50-caliber gun, and US Navy armed guards were added to her complement to crew her guns.

On 16 October 1918 the US Navy acquired Munwood, and on 26 October at Baltimore it commissioned her as USS Munwood with the Identification Number (ID) 4660. She was assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service Army Account. On 29 November, two and a half weeks after the Armistice of 11 November 1918, she left Baltimore for France carrying about 4,000 tons of US Army stores, including 1,500 tons of gasoline in drums.

The Naval History and Heritage Command claims that on 10 December Munwood answered a distress signal from a Portuguese steamship called Queda, took her in tow, and reached Bermuda on 15 December. However, records of the existence of a Portuguese merchant ship of that name at the time are lacking.

On arrival at Bermuda, gasoline was found to be leaking from some of the drums in Munwoods cargo, spreading fumes throughout the ship. For safety her cargo was discharged in Bermuda, and she loaded 6,483 tons of coal instead. On 27 December 1918 she left Bermuda and on 10 January 1919 she reached Quiberon in Brittany, but the port was so busy that there was no berth for her, so she diverted to Nantes, where she discharged her cargo on 20 January.

Munwood was damaged in a collision with the British cargo steamship Baylula. Munwood was repaired, and then loaded a cargo of 2,500 tons of shrapnel plus ballast. On 30 January she left Nantes and on 18 February she reached Bermuda, where she discharged the shrapnel. She continued to Baltimore, where the Navy decommissioned her on 3 March and returned her via the United States Shipping Board to her owners.

Vila
In 1928 Brodarsko Akcionarsco Drustvo "Oceania" bought Munwood, renamed her Vila and registered her in Susak in Dalmatia. Her Yugoslav code letters were JTVR, and by 1934 her four-letter call sign was YTFB.

On 20 February 1935 Vila was en route from Trieste to Venice, carrying a cargo of phosphates and wheat, when she was involved in a collision at the mouth of the Piave with the Italian motor ship Rodi. Vila sank as a result, and four of her crew were killed. Rodi rescued the survivors.

References

Bibliography

1914 ships
Cargo ships of the United States Navy
Cargo ships of Yugoslavia
Maritime incidents in 1935
Ships built on the River Clyde
Steamships of the United States
Steamships of Yugoslavia
Shipwrecks in the Adriatic Sea
World War I cargo ships of the United States


In the Battle of Jemappes on 6 November 1792, a French army led by Charles François Dumouriez attacked and defeated an Austrian army commanded by Albert of Saxe-Teschen. Though the Austrians were outnumbered three-to-one, the victory greatly encouraged the population of the young First French Republic and lead to the evacuation of Austrian forces from the Austrian Netherlands.  Note: all units have their names as they are translated in English.

Army of the Ardennes
The Army of the Ardennes is led by Divisional General Charles-François du Périer Dumouriez.  Dumouriez gave his army the private name of the 'Army of Belgium' (Armée de la Belgique), however this was never officially recognised or adopted.  Note: all cavalry regiments have 3 x squadrons unless otherwise noted.  All line infantry regiments have 2 x battalions unless other wise noted.

 Army of the Ardennes, commanded by Divisional General Charles-François du Périer Dumouriez
 Reserve, commanded by Maréchal de Camp Louis-Charles de La Motte-Ango, Vicomte de Flers
 2 x Squadrons, Gendarmerie Nationale
 2nd–5th (at least) plus more?  Battalions, Grenadiers of the Ardennes
 Cavalry (2 x Squadrons each)
 1st Brigade 3rd Dragoon Regiment
 7th Dragoon Regiment
 2nd Brigade 5th Dragoon Regiment
 13th Dragoon Regiment

 Advance Guard

 Advance Guard, commanded by Lieutenant General Pierre de Ruel, Marquis de Beurnonville
 1 x Horse Artillery Battery
 3rd Light Artillery Company
 6th Light Artillery Company
 Dampièrre's Brigade, commanded by Maréchal de Camp Auguste Marie Henri Pictor, Marquis de Dampierre
 1st Hussar Regiment
 2nd Hussar Regiment
 6th Hussar Regiment
 3rd Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment
 6th Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment
 12th Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment
 1 x Battalion, Belgian Legion
 1st Grenadier Battalion of the Ardennes
 6th Grenadier Battalion of the Ardennes
 1 x Battalion, 19th Line Infantry Regiment
 1st Battalion, Paris National Guard
 2nd Battalion, Paris National Guard
 10th Chasseurs à Pied Battalion
 14th Chasseurs à Pied Battalion
 Company of the Four Nations
 1st Free Company
 3rd Free Company
 Chasseur Company of Cambrelots
 Flankers of the Left, commanded by General Miazynski
 1 x Battalion, 99th Line Infantry Regiment
 5th Chasseurs à Pied Battalion
 Flankers of the Right, commanded by Brigade General Henri Christian Michel de Stengel
 3rd Battalion, Ardennes National Guard
 11th Chasseurs à Pied Battalion
 Company of Clemendos

 Right Wing

 Right Wing, commanded by Maréchal de Camp Jean Henri Becays Ferrand

 First Line

 First Line, commanded by Maréchal de Camp Jean Henri Becays Ferrand
 1st Brigade 5th Battalion, Seine Inférieure National Guard
 1st Battalion, Charente National Guard
 17th Federals Battalion
 3rd Brigade 1st Battalion, Deux Sèvres National Guard
 1st Battalion, Meurthe National Guard
 1st Battalion, Vendée National Guard
 5th Brigade 29th Line Infantry Regiment
 Gravilliers National Guard Battalion
 1st Battalion, Côtes du Nord National Guard
 7th Brigade 2nd Battalion, 54th Line Infantry Regiment
 Lombards National Guard Battalion
 2nd Battalion, Marne National Guard

 Second Line

 Second Line, commanded by General de Brigade Pierre Louis de Blottefière
 9th Brigade 83rd Line Infantry Regiment
 Republican National Guard
 11th Brigade 78th Line Infantry Regiment
 4th Battalion, Meuse National Guard
 5th Battalion, Meurthe National Guard
 13th Brigade 1st Battalion, Marne National Guard
 1st Battalion, Mayenne et Loire National Guard
 2nd Battalion, Eure National Guard
 15th Brigade 1st Battalion, 98th Line Infantry Regiment
 1st Battalion, Seine Inférieure National Guard
 1st Battalion, Seine et Oise National Guard

 Left Wing

 Left Wing, commanded by Lieutenant General Francisco de Miranda y Rodríguez de Espinoza

 First Line

 First Line, commanded by Brigade General Louis Théobald Ihler
 2nd Brigade, commanded by Brigade General Jean Daniel Pinet de Borde-Desforêts
 1 x Battalion, 1st Line Infantry Regiment
 1st Battalion, Aisne National Guard
 Sainte Marguerite National Guard Battalion
 4th Brigade 1st Battalion, Côte d'Or National Guard
 2nd Battalion, Vienne National Guard
 3rd Battalion, Yonne National Guard
 6th Brigade 1st Battalion, 49th Line Infantry Regiment
 1st Battalion, Eure et Loir National Guard
 9th Federals Battalion
 8th Brigade 1st Battalion, 71st Line Infantry Regiment
 3rd Marne National Guard
 Saint-Denis National Guard Battalion

 Second Line

 Second Line, commanded by Maréchal de Camp Maximilien Ferdinand Thomas Stettenhofen
 10th Brigade, commanded by Maréchal de Camp Jean Daniel Pinet de Borde-Desforêts
 72nd Line Infantry Regiment
 Butte des Moulins National Guard Battalion
 12th Brigade 94th Line Infantry Regiment
 1st Battalion, Pas de Calais National Guard
 9th Battalion, Paris National Guard
 14th Brigade 1st Battalion, Allier National Guard
 1st Battalion, Nièvre National Guard
 1st Battalion, Seine et Marne National Guard
 16th Brigade 104th Line Infantry Regiment
 Paris Battalion of Grenadiers
 3rd Battalion, Seine et Oise National Guard

Austrian Army of the Netherlands
The Austrian Army of the Netherlands guarded the entirety of the Austrian Netherlands (mostly encompassing modern day Belgium) and was one of the few field armies in service during the time of the battle.  By 7 November, the Army was evacuated to Germany and broken up shortly thereafter.  All infantry regiments have 2 x battalions, and cavalry have 4 x squadrons unless otherwise noted.

 Austrian Army of the Netherlands, commanded by Feldmarschallleutnant Josef Karl, Baron von Lilien
 Cavalry Reserve, commanded by Generalmajor Lamberg
 1/2, Coburg Dragoon Regiment Nr. 37 (4 x squadrons)
 Latour Chevauléger Regiment Nr. 31 (2 x squadrons)
 Esterházy Hussar Regiment Nr. 32 (2 x squadrons)
 Infantry Reserve 1 x Battalion, Hohenlohe Infantry Regiment Nr. 17
 Mattheson Infantry Regiment Nr. 42 (4 x companies)
 5 x Companies, Tirolean Sharpshooters

 Right Wing
Note: Both free corps totalled 873 men in 7 companies

 Right Wing, commanded by Feldmarschallleutnant Josef Karl, Baron von Lilien
 Grüne-Loudon Free Corps
 O'Donnel's Free Corps
 Archduke Karl's Brigade, commanded by Generalmajor Archduke Karl Laurentius of Austria
 Morzin Grenadier Battalion
 Barthodeiszky of Rátk and Salamonfa Grenadier Battalion
 Keim's Brigade, commanded by Oberst Konrad Valentin Ritter von Keim
 Blankenstein Hussar Regiment Nr. 16 (3 x squadrons)
 Bender Infantry Regiment Nr. 41

 The Centre

 Centre, commanded by Feldzeugmeister François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt
 Boros' Brigade, commanded by Generalmajor Adam Boros de Rákos
 1/2, Coburg Dragoon Regiment Nr. 37 (4 x squadrons)
 Mikoviny's Brigade, commanded by Generalmajor Stanislaus Mikovényi de Breznobánya
 Leeuven Grenadier Battalion
 Pückler Grenadier Battalion
 Würzburg Infantry Regiment (HRE, not Austrian)

 Left Wing

 Left Wing, commanded by Feldmarschallleutnant Johann Peter, Count Beaulieu de Marconnay
 1 x Squadron, Blankenstein Hussar Regiment Nr. 16
 Servisches Free Corps (5 x companies)
 Jordis' Brigade''', commanded by Generalmajor Alexander, Freiherr von Jordis
 1 x Battalion, Hohenlohe Infantry Regiment Nr. 17
 Stuart Infantry Regiment Nr. 18

Footnotes

References

French Revolutionary Wars orders of battle


Bagbaguin may refer to:

Barangay Bagbaguin, Santa Maria, Bulacan, Philippines
 Barangay Bagbaguin in Valenzuela City, Metro Manila, Philippines


Sauromatum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. The genus is native to tropical Africa, tropical Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula. Their inflorescences last for only a few hours to a day and give off an unpleasant smell. The inflorescence disperses its odor by heating up.

Species
Sauromatum brevipes (Hook.f.) N.E.Br. - Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam
Sauromatum brevipilosum (Hett. & Sizemore) Cusimano & Hett. - Sumatra
Sauromatum diversifolium (Wall. ex Schott) Cusimano & Hett. - eastern Himalayas, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar, Cambodia
Sauromatum gaoligongense J.C.Wang & H.Li - Yunnan
Sauromatum giganteum (Engl.) Cusimano & Hett. - Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tibet
Sauromatum hirsutum (S.Y.Hu) Cusimano & Hett. - Yunnan, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
Sauromatum horsfieldii Miq. - Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Sumatra, Java, Bali
Sauromatum tentaculatum (Hett.) Cusimano & Hett. - Thailand
Sauromatum venosum (Dryand. ex Aiton) Kunth - tropical Africa from Ethiopia south to Mozambique and west to Cameroon; Yemen, Saudi Arabia; Indian Subcontinent; Myanmar; Tibet, Yunnan

References

Aroideae
Araceae genera


Okeley Manor was an early 19th-century plantation in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States.  Okeley, the residence of prominent Alexandria physician Richard Chichester Mason (1793–1869), was one of the principal Mason family estates in Northern Virginia.  Mason's plantation house was used as a hospital during the American Civil War and burned to prevent the spread of smallpox.

History
Upon the death of Mason's grandfather George Mason on 7 October 1792, Richard Chichester Mason's father Thomson inherited a portion of the Gunston Hall estate. Around 1817, Thomson Mason divided the property into two plantations: Dogue Run farm for his son Richard C. Mason and Hunting Creek farm adjacent to Mount Vernon for his elder brother Thomson Francis Mason (1785–1838).

Mason and his family began living on Dogue Run farm sometime before 1834 in Okeley Manor, the mansion he built.  Although much older than most soldiers, Mason served with the Confederate States Army in Richmond during the American Civil War.  He returned to Okeley Manor at age 72 to find the residence, used during the war as a hospital, had been burned to the ground to prevent the spread of smallpox. Mason also found that "a negro and an Irishman" were in possession of the Okeley property.

By 1880, his son Beverley Randolph Mason had recovered the land.  He was living in a house he built on the hill.  Beverley's descendants sold Okeley in 1916, ending Mason ownership of any of the original Gunston Hall land parcel.

The two parcels of original Mason land were used for farming in the early 20th century.  After having been reassembled and years of being used for light industrial purposes, much of the land was sold by the Interior Department to Fairfax County in 1975 for park purposes.  It is now part of Huntley Meadows Park.  A boardwalk was built for access to wetland areas, as well as other walk and bikeways.

Events
Beverley Randolph Mason (1834–1910), son of Dr. Richard Chichester Mason and Lucy Bolling Randolph, was born at Okeley Manor on 1 September 1834.
Susan Josephine Beverley Mason (1888–1962), daughter of Beverley Randolph Mason and Elizabeth Harrison Nelson, was born at Okeley Manor on 17 January 1888.

References

Houses completed in the 19th century
Mason family residences
Houses in Fairfax County, Virginia
Fairfax County in the American Civil War
Plantations in Virginia
Burned houses in the United States


Lčovice is a municipality and village in Prachatice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Etymology
The original name of the village was probably Lščovice and is derived from the old personal name Lščov, meaning "the village of Lščov's people". The village was also called Elčovice.

Geography

Lčovice is located about  northwest of Prachatice and  northwest of České Budějovice. It lies in the Bohemian Forest Foothills. The highest point is a contour line on the northern border of the municipal territory, at  above sea level. The Volyňka river flows through the municipality.

The built-up area of the village consists of two urbanistically separated parts. The upper part is spread over a hill, and the lower part is situated in the valley of the Volyňka.

History

The first written mention of Lčovice is from 1321, when it was owned by Zbraslav of Lčovice (in Latin Sbraslao de Ebizouiz). In 1360, the village was acquired by King Charles IV as escheat, and he donated it to Bušek of Velhartice. At the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries, the village with a fortress became a property of Lords of Čestice.

In the early 17th century, Lčovice was acquired by Lord Bernart of Hodějov by marriage, but properties of the Hodějov family were confiscated after the Battle of White Mountain, and Lčovice was bought by Jindřich Michal Hýzrle. He had rebuilt the fortress into an early Baroque castle with Renaissance elements. He sold the estate in 1694. Lčovice changed hands frequently in the following decades, and the castle was modified several times.

After the reform in 1848, Lčovice became an administrative part of Malenice. From 1930 to 1960, it was a sovereign municipality. From 1961 to 1991, it was an administrative part of Čkyně. Since 1992, it has been a separate municipality again.

Demographics

Transport
The railway from Volary to Strakonice runs through the municipality. Lčovice is served by the train station Lčovice, which, however, is located just outside the municipality.

Lčovice is served by the busline from Strakonice to Vimperk.

Sights

The most notable landmark is the Lčovice Castle. The castle complex protected as a cultural monument. The castle building has three floors and a mansard roof, and the main façade has high arcades that have groin vaults. Floor plan of the main building of the castle is mostly made up of the original Gothic fortress. In main entrance on the left side of the staircase is a preserved pointed Gothic portal. The gateway dates from the first half of the 19th century. Next to the main building is the so-called Small Castle in the early Baroque style with a mansard roof.

The castle park was founded in 1660. It contains an octagonal building of the Chapel of the Holy Trinity with a high dome with a lantern, decorated with ornamental and figural stucco and fresco painting. To the east of the roundel is the octagonal early Baroque tower, so-called Hunting Tower.

Since restitution after 1989, the castle has been owned by a private owner, is not accessible to the public and is gradually falling into disrepair.

The Chapel of Saint Wenceslaus in the centre of Lčovice was built in 1892 and originally was consecrated to the Virgin Mary. The Chapel of Saint John of Nepomuk was built in the mid-18th century. The fourth chapel in the municipality is the Chapel of Saint Anthony of Padua from 1714.

Notable people
Josef Zítek (1832–1909), architect; owned the castle and lived there

References

External links

Villages in Prachatice District


Eugenia Wang (born February 26, 1945) is the Gheens Endowed Chair on Aging at the University of Louisville School of Medicine. Her primary focus is researching the genetic aspect of aging in humans. She was among the first researchers who discovered the parts of the human genome that could either accelerate or slow the process of apoptosis.

Early life
Wang was born in Nanking, China during the Chinese Civil War. Due to her country's internal strife, she and her mother and three siblings were forced to evacuate to Hanyang then Guangzhou. When she was three, they moved to Taipei, Taiwan. Eventually her father joined them and remained there until 1967.

Eugenia Wang became professor of anatomy at McGill University in 1988, where she worked on the cell biology of aging at the Lady Davis Institute of the Montreal Jewish General Hospital.

Selected publications
Bates, D. J., Li, N., Liang, R., Sarojini, H., An, J., Masternak, M. M., Bartke, A., and Wang, E. MicroRNA regulation in Ames dwarf mouse liver is linked to delayed ageing.  Aging Cell 9(1):1 - 18.  (2010). ; NIHMSID: 158218.
Khanna, A., Muthusamy, S., Liang, R., Sarojini, H., and Wang, E. Gain of survival signaling by down-regulation of three key miRNAs in brain of calorie-restricted mice. Aging 3(3): 223 - 236 (2011). .
Li, N., Bates, D. J., An, J., and Wang, E.  Up-regulation of key microRNAs and the inverse down-regulation of their potential target genes of oxidative phosphorylation during aging in mouse brains.  Neurobiology of Aging 32:  944–955 (2011). .
Liang, R., Khanna, A., Muthusamy, S., Li, N., Sarojini, H., Kopchick, J., Masternak, M.M., Bartke, A., and Wang, E.  Posttranscriptional regulation of IGF1R by key microRNAs in longlived mutant mice.  Aging Cell. 10(6): 1080-1088 (2011). .
Liang, R. and Wang E. Full-length 3' Un-Translated Region reporter construction with recombineering.  Analytical Biochemistry.  424: 162-167 (2012)

References

External links
Papers at PubMed

1945 births
Living people
University of Louisville faculty
American geneticists
Kentucky women biologists
American women biologists
American women academics
21st-century American women


Vincent Stochove or Vincent de Stochove (1610–1679) was a traveller best known for his French-language book Voyage du Levant describing his travels in the 1630s through The Levant, including Turkey, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt.

References

French travel writers
1610 births
1679 deaths
French male non-fiction writers
French expatriates in the Ottoman Empire


Robin Alta Charo (born 1958) is the Warren P. Knowles Professor of Law and Bioethics emeritus at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and a leading American authority on bioethics.  She held appointments in both Wisconsin's law school and medical school.

Charo is among the leading advocates for embryonic stem cell research in the United States.

She earned a B.A. in biology from Harvard University in 1979 and a J.D. from Columbia University in 1982. She is a fellow of the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution.

In 2020, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences elected her fellow.

References

External links
 Faculty page
 Biography at Center for American Progress

Bioethicists
Living people
1958 births
Harvard College alumni
Columbia Law School alumni
Hastings Center Fellows
American legal scholars
American ethicists
American women legal scholars
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
University of Wisconsin Law School faculty

Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the National Academy of Medicine


Kenneth E. Naylor, Jr. (February 27, 1937 – March 10, 1992) was an American linguist and Slavist, one of the leading experts on Serbo-Croatian and South Slavic languages in general.

Biography
Naylor received his A.B. degree in French linguistics from Cornell University in 1958 and A.M. in General Linguistics from Indiana University in 1960. At Indiana, he began to study Slavic with professor Edward Stankiewicz, who became his mentor and close friend.

When Stankiewicz moved to the University of Chicago, Naylor followed him. There, after studying in Novi Sad, Yugoslavia, under a Yugoslav Government Exchange Fellowship and an NDFL Title VI Fellowship for Serbo-Croatian from the United States government, he received his doctorate in Russian and South Slavic linguistics in 1966.

He served as an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh from 1964 to 1966, and began teaching Slavic linguistics at the Ohio State University in 1966. At the time of his death in 1992, he was the Acting Director of the Center for Slavic and East European Studies at
Ohio State.

Work
Naylor received numerous awards, grants, and fellowships from many sources, including the American Council of Learned Societies, the Fulbright program, and the countries of Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, from which he was awarded medals of honor (the Jubilee Medal and the Order of the Yugoslav Flag with Golden Wreath, respectively). In 1982, under the auspices of the Fulbright-Hays Program, he held a Senior Lecturership as a guest professor at the University of Novi Sad. In 1990, he testified before the United States House of Representatives, Foreign Affairs Committee, on ethnic rivalry in Yugoslavia and the development of the Serbo-Croatian language.

His research centered on the Serbo-Croatian language and on South Slavic languages in general, but especially in their Balkan context. He edited two volumes of The American Bibliography of Slavic and East European Studies (1967 and 1968/1969), was guest editor of Volume 1 of Folia Slavica (1977), and was co-editor of Slavic Linguistics and Poetics: Studies for Edward Stankiewicz on his 60th Birthday (Slavica, 1982). In addition, he served as editor of the journal Balkanistica, producing the first five volumes (1975–1977, 1980, and 1981). The overwhelming majority of his 100-plus articles, reviews, and edited works focused on Serbo-Croatian and Balkan linguistics, with several notable and much quoted ones among them.

A collection of 18 of his most important papers on Serbo-Croatian and Balkan sociolinguistics, translated into Serbo-Croatian, was published posthumously in Belgrade, under the title Sociolingvistički problemi među Južnim Slovenima (Prosveta, 1996), containing as well an overview of his life by Milorad Radovanović and an appreciation of his scholarly career by Pavle Ivić.

Legacy
In his honor, the Kenneth E. Naylor Professorship of South Slavic Linguistics was created officially on November 5, 1993 at The Ohio State University. Brian Joseph is the current Kenneth E. Naylor Professor of South Slavic Linguistics.

The first Naylor Lecture was delivered on May 28, 1998 by Victor Friedman, Professor and Chair of the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures at the University of Chicago, who spoke on the subject of Linguistic Emblems and Emblematic Languages: On Language as Flag in the Balkans. The success of that lecture led to the idea of making it public beyond the reaches of the audience on that day, and thus was born the Kenneth E. Naylor Memorial Lecture Series in South Slavic Linguistics.

A carefully polished and more fully developed version of Professor Friedman's lecture was published in 1999 as the first number in the series. The second publication in this series came in 2000, when Ronelle Alexander, Professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures at the University of California, Berkeley, refining and augmenting her 1999 Naylor Lecture, In Honor of Diversity: The Linguistic Resources of the Balkans, turned it into a detailed overview of Balkan Slavic dialectology, together with a fifty-page bibliography of relevant works. Wayles Browne, Professor of
Linguistics at Cornell University and the third Naylor lecturer on May 19, 2000, published for the first time a paper he wrote in Croatian in 1973 on a subject that Naylor himself had written on, namely accent classes of the Serbo-Croatian noun, especially as revealed through loanwords.

Notes

References

1937 births
1992 deaths
Cornell University alumni
Indiana University alumni
Slavists
University of Chicago alumni
University of Novi Sad alumni


Radical 12 or radical eight (), meaning eight or all, is one of 23 of the 214 Kangxi radicals that are composed of two strokes. "八" is two bent lines that signal divide. Eight is the single-digit number that can be divided by two the greatest number of times.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 44 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

 is also the 11th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.  is an associated indexing component affiliated to the principal component .

Evolution

Derived characters

Variant forms
There is a design nuance in different printing typefaces for this radical. In the Kangxi Dictionary and in Korean hanja, there is a short horizontal line at the beginning of the character's second stroke. This short line does not exist in most Simplified Chinese fonts used in mainland China, except for a few cases like the character  as in the Emblem of the People's Liberation Army. It exists in most but not all Traditional Chinese fonts. In Japanese typeface, the presence of the short line depends on each typeface's design.

The short horizontal line exists only in printing typeface, not in any handwriting form.

Literature

Leyi Li: “Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases”. Beijing 1993,
 KangXi:  page 126, character 26
 Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1450
 Dae Jaweon:  page 274, character 13
 Hanyu Da Zidian:  volume 1, page 241, character 3

External links

Unihan data for U+516B

012
011


The Impossible is the only solo album of English singer Ken Lockie, after dissolving his band, Cowboys International, in 1980. It was released by Virgin Records, in 1981, and was recorded with the help of two of the former Lockie bandmates in Cowboys International, guitarist Stevie Shears and drummer Paul Simon, and other known musicians, like John McGeoch of Siouxsie and the Banshees (guitar), John Doyle (drums), Preston Heyman of Tom Robinson Band (drums), Joe Dworniak of Shake Shake! and I-Level (bass), Jim Kerr of Simple Minds (backing vocals) and Nash the Slash. "Too Much and Too Little" was actually an uncredited Cowboys International track recorded in 1980 at Good Earth Studios.

Track list

A side
"Dance House"
"Theme of the Impossible"
"Footsteps"
"Under My Skin"
"Twisting"

B side
"Too Much & Too Little"
"Stiletto"
"Tenderness of Fools"
"Puppet"
"As Good as Gold"

Personnel
Ken Lockie - lead vocals, piano, synthetics, saxophone, backing vocals
Stevie Shears - guitar
John McGeoch - guitar on "Footsteps"
Joe Dworniak - bass
Lee Robinson - bass on "Too Much and Too Little"
Paul Simon - drums on "Too Much and Too Little"
John Doyle - drums (A2, B2, B3, B5)
Preston Heyman - drums (A1, A3, A4, B4)
Bobby Collins, Suzie O'List - backing vocals
Nash the Slash - violin on "Dance House"
Jim Kerr - backing vocals on "Dance House"
Fiachra Trench - string arrangement on "Too Much and Too Little"
Technical
Alan Douglas, Gordon Fordyce, Nick Cook, Nick Launay, Peter Woolliscroft - engineer
Brian Cooke - photography

References

External links

1981 debut albums
Albums produced by Steve Hillage
Virgin Records albums


John Whitehall Stevens (c. 1811 – 30 March 1891) was an Indian-born Australian cricketer who played for Victoria. He was born in Bombay and died in Marylebone.

Stevens made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1851–52 season, against Tasmania. From the upper-middle order, he scored a duck in the first innings in which he batted, and five runs in the second.

References

External links
John Stevens at CricketArchive

1811 births
1891 deaths
Australian cricketers
Victoria cricketers
Melbourne Cricket Club cricketers
Cricketers from Mumbai


Malwyn a'Beckett (26 September 1834 – 25 June 1906) was an English-born Australian cricketer who played for Victoria. He was born in London and died in Sale, Victoria.

A'Beckett made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1851–52 season, against Tasmania. From the tailend, he scored three runs in the first innings and seven in the second.

Six seasons later, he played in a Gentlemen v Players match on a Gentlemen's team which won by an innings margin.

A'Beckett's brother, Edward, played two first-class matches for Victoria, while his great-nephew, Ted played four Test matches for Australia.

External links
Malwyn a'Beckett at CricketArchive

Australian cricketers
Victoria cricketers
Melbourne Cricket Club cricketers
1834 births
1906 deaths
Cricketers from Hammersmith
British emigrants to Australia


John Watson (29 March 1828 – 26 June 1920) was an Australian cricketer who played for Tasmania. He was born in Sorell and died in Scottsdale.

Watson made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1851–52 season, against Victoria. From the opening order, he scored a duck in each innings in which he batted.

See also
 List of Tasmanian representative cricketers

External links
John Watson at Cricket Archive

1828 births
1920 deaths
Australian cricketers
Tasmania cricketers
Cricketers from Tasmania


William Collins (9 December 1837 – 12 January 1876) was an Australian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who played for Tasmania. He was born and died in Launceston.

Collins made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1872–73 season, against Victoria. From the lower-middle order, he scored 2 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and 14 runs in the second.

See also
 List of Tasmanian representative cricketers

External links
William Collins at Cricket Archive

1837 births
1876 deaths
Australian cricketers
Tasmania cricketers
Cricketers from Launceston, Tasmania


Richard Sinclair Brodie (9 September 1813 – 18 January 1872) was a Scottish-born Australian cricketer who played for Victoria. He was born in Caithness and died in Bulla, Victoria.

Brodie made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1853–54 season, against Tasmania. From the lower order, he scored six runs in the first innings in which he batted, and a single run in the second.

References

External links
Richard Brodie at Cricket Archive

1813 births
1872 deaths
Australian cricketers
Victoria cricketers
Melbourne Cricket Club cricketers
Scottish emigrants to Australia
People from Caithness


Henry Foot (21 November 1805 – 14 May 1857) was an English-born cricketer who played for Victoria. He was born in Romsey, Hampshire and died in Brighton, Victoria.

Foot made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1851–52 season, against Tasmania. From the opening order, he scored 20 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and 2 runs in the second.

References

External links
Henry Foot at Cricket Archive

1805 births
1857 deaths
English cricketers
Victoria cricketers
People from Romsey
Melbourne Cricket Club cricketers
English emigrants to colonial Australia
Cricketers from Hampshire


George Cavenagh (16 June 1836 – 23 November 1922) was an Australian cricketer who played one first-class match for Victoria in 1854.

Life and career
Cavenagh was born in Sydney, and his family moved to Melbourne in 1840 when his father, also George Cavenagh, founded the Port Phillip Herald. Young George worked for the Bank of Australasia for 44 years, managing the Portland branch from 1864 to 1877. He was secretary to the Associated Banks for 14 years.

Cavenagh made a single first-class cricket appearance for Victoria, against Tasmania in March 1854. He was the highest scorer in the low-scoring match, making 35 and 10, and also took 5 for 46 and 1 for 17. Tasmania nevertheless won by eight wickets.

Cavenagh married Maria Loader Stodart in Melbourne in January 1862. He died in November 1922 at his home in the Melbourne suburb of Albert Park, aged 86. Four of his five children survived him. His wife had died in 1920.

References

External links

1836 births
1922 deaths
Australian cricketers
Victoria cricketers
Cricketers from Sydney
Melbourne Cricket Club cricketers
Australian bankers


Augustus Meyer Lochner (1 October 1827 – 20 February 1865) was an English soldier who played as a cricketer in one match for Tasmania. He was born in Enfield and died in Plumstead Common.

Lochner made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1853–54 season, against Victoria. He scored 19 not out in the first innings in which he batted, and a single run in the second.

Military career
In 1845, Augustus Lochner was a "gentleman cadet" and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. In May 1846, he became a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers, and in November of the same year he was promoted to first lieutenant. Lochner continued with his military career: in 1859, he is recorded as being promoted from second captain to full captain in the Royal Engineers. He was a serving officer with the rank of captain at the time of his death in 1865.

See also
 List of Tasmanian representative cricketers

References

External links
Augustus Lochner at Cricket Archive

1827 births
1865 deaths
English cricketers
Tasmania cricketers
Cricketers from the London Borough of Enfield


Joseph Maitland Ware (8 September 1822 – 21 September 1868) was an English cricketer who played for Tasmania. He was born in London and died in Lausanne.

Ware made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1853-54 season, against Victoria. From the upper-middle order, he scored 9 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and 1 not out in the second.

See also
 List of Tasmanian representative cricketers

External links
Joseph Ware at ESPNricinfo

1822 births
1868 deaths
English cricketers
Tasmania cricketers
Cricketers from Greater London


Richard Cox (21 April 1830 – 27 March 1865) was an Australian cricketer who played for Tasmania. He was born in Hobart and died in Fingal.

Cox made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1853–54 season, against Victoria. In the only innings in which he batted, he scored 34 runs.

See also
 List of Tasmanian representative cricketers

External links
Richard Cox at CricketArchive

1830 births
1865 deaths
Australian cricketers
Tasmania cricketers
Cricketers from Hobart


H. E. Stratford was an Australian cricketer who played for Victoria.

Stratford made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1853–54 season, against Tasmania. From the tailend, he scored 2 not out in the first innings in which he batted, and a duck in the second.

References

External links
H. E. Stratford at Cricket Archive

Australian cricketers
Victoria cricketers
Melbourne Cricket Club cricketers
Year of death missing
Year of birth missing
Place of birth missing


A kazan or qazan is a type of large cooking pot used throughout Central Asia, Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and the Balkan Peninsula, roughly equivalent to a cauldron, boiler, or Dutch oven. They come in a variety of sizes (small modern cooking pots are sometimes referred to as kazans), and are often measured by their capacity, such as "a 50-litre kazan". Usually their diameter is half a meter. Kazans are made of cast iron or in modern times aluminum and are used to cook a wide variety of foods, including plov (pilaf), sumalak, shorpa, kesme, and bawyrsaq, and as such are an important element in celebrations when food must be prepared for large numbers of guests.

Kazans may be suspended over a fire in a variety of ways. Sometimes metal frames (a tripod called sajayaq) are made, or alternatively (especially for large kazan), a hole may be dug in the ground which will hold the kazan and provide enough space underneath to keep a fire under it—in this case, an access hole is built in the side to allow the fire to be tended, and to let in air. Smaller kazans may be used on [usually gas] stoves with the help of a specially designed piece of metal that lets the heat [of the flame] transfer to the kazan while at the same time holding it upright and steady.

Etymology
The origin of the word kazan can be ultimately traced back to Old Turkic verb kaz-, meaning "gouge, carve, hollow out" and present participle suffix of +(g)An. The word evolved to Middle Turkic as kazğan, meaning "big copper vessel". Oldest written record of the word in any Turkic language is dated back to Mahmud al-Kashgari's 1073 work Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk. It is also mentioned in Codex Cumanicus.

History

Kazans seem to have been invented by the Turkic nomads and were used as their basic cooking utensil. They resemble in shape the Chinese wok or the Indian karahi but differ from them in shape and also lack a handle. The Scythians and other Iranian peoples inhabitants of the western steppes before the Turkic migrations, used different cooking utensils. They used round bottomed clay and bronze pots having a more big-bellied shape than the hemispherical profile of the kazan. Some peoples neighboring the Turkic peoples adopted the kazan for its usefulness. Especially in making pilaf (rice) for occasions like weddings.

In the Ottoman Empire, the kazan was the common symbol of the janissary regiments and they would overturn it to indicate a quarrel with their superiors. This has led to the Turkish expression of "Kazan devirmek" "to overturn the kazan" as a synonym for mutiny. The kazans of Turkey have adopted the typical flat-bottomed shape of the middle east.

Gallery

Name of the cities
Gazandjyk or Kazandzhik currently Bereket - is a city in Balkan Province in western Turkmenistan. The name is composed of Kazan and -jyk, a diminutive suffix (denoting small in size), so the name can be translated into English as cauldron-ette or pot-kin. Kazan is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia.

See also
 List of cooking vessels
 List of Uzbek dishes
 Wok

Sources

Uzbekistani cuisine
Cooking vessels


Sherman Hamilton (born April 23, 1972) is a retired Canadian professional basketball player. Hamilton was a longtime member of the Canadian men's national basketball team. He is currently a basketball analyst for Sportsnet and NBA TV Canada.

Career
Raised in Malton, a neighbourhood in Mississauga, Ontario, the 6 ft 1 in, 190 lb point guard played college basketball at Virginia Commonwealth University, from 1994 to 1997, as a member of the VCU Rams. He amassed 881 points (9.8 per game) in his three years with the Rams, leaving VCU ranked fifth all-time in career assists. He handed out 4.6 assists a game playing for the Rams. Hamilton was a 1995-96 Colonial Athletic Association Second Team selection.

Hamilton played two games for Finnish Korisliiga side Tapiolan Honka in 1997-98, averaging 9 points per contest. In 1998-99, he appeared in 41 Korislliga games for Honka, posting averages of 16.4 points a game, en route to a runner-up finish in the Finnish top flight. With Honka, he also competed in the FIBA Korać Cup. At the beginning of the 1999-2000 campaign, Hamilton played at Belgrano de San Nicolás in Argentina, but was released in November 1999. In February 2001, he was signed by SSV Ratiopharm Ulm of the German Basketball Bundesliga. Hamilton saw action in 16 Bundesliga contests with per game averages of 15.9 points, 5.2 rebounds and 4.7 assists in the 2000-01 campaign. He had a season-high 29 points for Ulm, knocking down 6-of-13 three pointers. After playing in Switzerland, Hamilton joined BC Žalgiris in December 2001. In 28 appearances in the Lithuanian league, he averaged 8 points per contest. He also made five EuroLeague appearances for Žalgiris, averaging 3.2 points per match.

He played for Canada at the 2000 Summer Olympics, as well as the 1998 and 2002 FIBA World Championships. Hamilton was instrumental in helping Team Canada to qualify for the 2000 Olympics, when he converted seven free throws in the last three minutes in a qualifier against Puerto Rico. He won a total of 116 caps for the Canadian national team between 1995 and 2002. In 2005, Hamilton served as assistant coach at Canada's Cadet Men’s National Team during the USA Basketball International Invitational tournament in San Diego, USA as well as an assistant coach at Canada's Development Men’s National Team during the World University Games in Izmir, Turkey. In 2006, he was named assistant coach of Canada's Men's National Team.

In recent years, Hamilton has been an analyst. Since the 2008–09 season, he has provided color commentary for Toronto Raptors games on NBA TV Canada.

References

External links

 Eurobasket.com
 Basket-stats.info
 2006 press release announcing that Hamilton has been named national team assistant coach
 Slam.ca 2000 Olympics profile page
 VCU page mentioning Hamilton playing in the Olympics
 International statistics at Basketball reference
 College Statistics at College Basketball Reference

1972 births
Living people
Basketball players at the 1999 Pan American Games
Basketball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
BC Žalgiris players
Belgrano de San Nicolás basketball players
Black Canadian basketball players
Black Canadian broadcasters
Canadian expatriate basketball people in Germany
Canadian expatriate basketball people in the United States
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Argentina
Canadian expatriates in Lithuania
Canadian men's basketball players
Canadian television sportscasters
Olympic basketball players for Canada
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Ratiopharm Ulm players
Sportspeople from Mississauga
Basketball players from Toronto
Toronto Raptors announcers
VCU Rams men's basketball players
2002 FIBA World Championship players
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Point guards
Black Canadian journalists


Photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) is a one-dimensional Fourier transform analysis of a heterodyne laser interferometry, used in the shock physics community to measure velocities in dynamic experiments with high temporal precision. PDV was developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory by Oliver Strand. In recent years PDV has achieved popularity in the shock physics community as an adjunct or replacement for velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR), another time-resolved velocity interferometry system. Modern data acquisition technology and off-the-shelf optical telecommunications devices now enable the assembly of PDV systems within reasonable budgets.

Theory
The fundamental mechanism of PDV is the interference pattern created by two electromagnetic waves with a small difference in frequency. Since most PDV systems are constructed with available telecommunications equipment, a standard laser source for a PDV system is centered at 1550 nm (or 193.4 THz). If this source is then reflected off of a moving surface with some velocity (), the reflected light will be shifted in frequency () according to the relativistic Doppler shift equation.

If the shifted return light is then interfered with the original source, the resulting wave will have a beat frequency in the range of a few GHz. This beat frequency is slow enough that it can be monitored with a simple photo-detector and high speed oscilloscope. By recording the beat frequency over time, a complete velocity history of the surface is obtained.

Data analysis
In theory, the analysis of a PDV data signal is quite simple, where the apparent velocity of the moving surface () is simply a function of the source wavelength () and the signal frequency ():

In practice, however, determining the instantaneous frequency () of the signal by inspection can be inaccurate and inefficient. Consequently, Fourier transform analysis is used to extract the most probable frequency components, which can then be used to calculate the velocity history.

By taking sequential FFTs over a time window which moves across the data signal, a 2D spectrogram can be created which indicates the frequency components most dominant in the data. The velocity history can then be extracted from the spectrogram.

Advantages

PDV can measure a wide range of velocities (limited primarily by the time resolution of the signal recording equipment), and is relatively easy to set up and use.

Limitations

Depending on the quality of the data signal and parameters of the FFT, the inherent error in PDV measurements can be high. However, there are ways to mitigate these problems and obtain velocity histories with very high accuracy.

Conferences
The 2009 PDV users conference was held at the University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Advanced Technology.
The 2010 PDV users conference was held at the Ohio State University.

See also
 Laser Doppler velocimetry
 Velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR)

References

Measurement
Fourier analysis


Campbells Bay is a suburb of the North Shore located in Auckland, New Zealand. Centennial Park is a popular recreational space that has walking tracks and stunning harbour views.

Geography

Campbells Bay is located in the East Coast Bays of the North Shore, between Mairangi Bay and Castor Bay. The bay to the east shares the same name as the suburb, and looks out towards the Hauraki Gulf and the Coromandel Peninsula. South of Campbells Bay beach is a cliff, known as Red Bluff.

The land is primarily formed from clay and Waitemata sandstone, which can be seen in the cliffs along the coast. Prior to human settlement, the inland Campbells Bay area was primarily a northern broadleaf podocarp forest, dominated by kauri, with significant numbers of tōtara, mataī, miro, kauri and kahikatea trees. Pōhutukawa trees were a major feature of the coastline.

History

Māori history

Māori settlement of the Auckland Region began around the 13th or 14th centuries. The North Shore was settled by Tāmaki Māori, including people descended from the Tainui migratory canoe and ancestors of figures such as Taikehu and Peretū. Many of the Tāmaki Māori people of the North Shore identified as Ngā Oho. While the poor soils around the East Coast Bays hindered dense settlement, traditional resources in the area included fish, shellfish and marine birds. The traditional name for the coast between Murrays Bay and Campbells Bay is .

The warrior Maki migrated from the Kāwhia Harbour to his ancestral home in the Auckland Region, likely sometime in the 17th century. Maki conquered and unified many the Tāmaki Māori tribes as Te Kawerau ā Maki, including those of the North Shore. After Maki's death, his sons settled different areas of his lands, creating new hapū. His younger son Maraeariki settled the North Shore and Hibiscus Coast, who based himself at the head of the Ōrewa River. Maraeariki's daughter Kahu succeeded him, and she is the namesake of the North Shore,  ("The Greater Lands of Kahu"). Many of the iwi of the North Shore, including Ngāti Manuhiri, Ngāti Maraeariki, Ngāti Kahu, Ngāti Poataniwha, Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and Ngāti Whātua, can trace their lineage to Kahu.

By the 18th century, the Marutūāhu iwi Ngāti Paoa had expanded their influence to include the islands of the Hauraki Gulf and the North Shore. After periods of conflict, peace had been reached by the 1790s. The earliest contact with Europeans began in the late 18th century, which caused many Tāmaki Māori to die of , respiratory diseases. During the early 1820s, most Māori of the North Shore fled for the Waikato or Northland due to the threat of war parties during the Musket Wars. Most people had returned by the late 1820s and 1830s.

European settlement

In 1841, the Crown purchased the Mahurangi and Omaha blocks; an area that spanned from Takapuna to Te Arai. The purchase involved some iwi with customary interests in the area, such as Ngāti Paoa, other Marutūāhu iwi and Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, but not others, such as Te Kawerau ā Maki or Ngāti Rango. The Crown spent until 1873 rectifying this sale, by making further deals with stakeholders.

The land at Campbells Bay was first purchased by John Logan Campbell in 1845. In 1850, Scottish immigrant Donald Mackay from Reay came to New Zealand to join his brother Alexander Mackay, who was farming land near Lake Pupuke. Alexander Mackay bought 60 acres of land from Campbell, to develop into a farm worked by his brother Donald. Around this period, one of the largest kauri gum diggers camps on the North Shore was established in the area. Originally known as Donalds Bay, the bay became known as Johnston's Bay, after the Johnston family from County Tyrone in Northern Ireland set up a dairy farm and grew vegetables in the area. The Johnston family sold their milk to residents in Takapuna and the gum diggers who visited the area. In 1885, 70 hectares of scrubland was gazetted as a nature reserve called the Takapuna Domain (renamed Centennial Park in 1940), which overtime regenerated into native bush.

The Johnston family sold the farm to a farmer named Mr. Cave in 1888, around the time that orchards became an important feature of the farm. In 1894, Mr. Cave sold the property to Duncan Campbell, well known for his Auckland shoe store, after which the bay became known as Campbells Bay. In 1912, the farm was subdivided, and Campbells Bay became a popular spot for holidayers, due to its relative proximity to the terminus for the Milford to Bayswater tram. Holiday baches were built in the area until World War I stopped the construction of new baches. In 1914, a portion of the Takapuna Domain became the Pupuke Golf Club, and from 1920 better roading in the area led to the construction of permanent homes.

In 1938, the Central Methodist Mission established a health camp at Campbells Bay, which by the 1940s became the main health camp for in-need youth in Auckland. In 1940 to celebrate 100 years since the establishment of Auckland, Takapuna Domain was renamed Centennial Park, and extensive planting was done to create a native bush. During World War II, defensive pillboxes were constructed in Centennial Park.

Local government

From 1876 until 1954, the area was administered by the Waitemata County, a large rural county north and west of the city of Auckland. In 1954, the area split from the county, forming the East Coast Bays Borough Council, which became East Coast Bays City in 1975. In 1989, the city was merged into the North Shore City. North Shore City was amalgamated into Auckland Council in November 2010.

Within the Auckland Council, Campbells Bay is a part of the Hibiscus and Bays local government area governed by the Hibiscus and Bays Local Board. It is a part of the Albany ward, which elects two councillors to the Auckland Council.

Demographics
Campbells Bay covers  and had an estimated population of  as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Campbells Bay had a population of 2,889 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 54 people (1.9%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 201 people (7.5%) since the 2006 census. There were 957 households, comprising 1,407 males and 1,485 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.95 males per female. The median age was 43.1 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 555 people (19.2%) aged under 15 years, 522 (18.1%) aged 15 to 29, 1,356 (46.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 459 (15.9%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 80.5% European/Pākehā, 4.2% Māori, 0.6% Pacific peoples, 18.2% Asian, and 2.9% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 37.2, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 56.6% had no religion, 34.0% were Christian, 0.7% were Hindu, 1.1% were Muslim, 0.6% were Buddhist and 1.9% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 981 (42.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 159 (6.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $46,600, compared with $31,800 nationally. 813 people (34.8%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,152 (49.4%) people were employed full-time, 408 (17.5%) were part-time, and 69 (3.0%) were unemployed.

Education

Campbells Bay Primary School is a coeducational contributing primary (years 1–6) school with a roll of  students as of  which opened in August 1925. In 1973, Kristin School was established at the former Methodist Health Camp in Campbells Bay. As the school grew rapidly, a new campus was opened in Albany in 1978.

Amenities

A popular public walkway connects Campbells Bay to Browns Bay in the north, passing sections of exposed Waitemata sandstone.
Centennial Park, a 70-hectare park which is the largest area of regenerating native bush in the East Coast Bays area.

References

Bibliography

External links
Photographs of Campbells Bay held in Auckland Libraries' heritage collections.

Suburbs of Auckland
North Shore, New Zealand
East Coast Bays
Bays of the Auckland Region


JoAnne Stubbe is an American chemist best known for her work on ribonucleotide reductases, for which she was awarded the National Medal of Science in 2009. In 2017, she retired as a Professor of Chemistry and Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Career and education
In 1946, Stubbe was born in Champaign, Illinois. In 1968, Stubbe received a BS degree in chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania, and worked as an undergraduate in the laboratory of Professor Edward R. Thornton. After she received her PhD degree in organic chemistry  under the guidance of Professor George Kenyon from the University of California, Berkeley in 1971, she did a very brief stint (1971-1972) as a postdoc at UCLA, where she worked on synthesizing LSD from tryptophan with Julius Rebek. Then, Stubbe taught at Williams College (1972-1977) discovered she didn't want to teach, but wanted to do research. Her realization sent her to Brandeis University (1975-1977), where she did a second postdoc with Bob Abeles. This is where she learned the art and science of creating mechanism-based enzyme inhibitors. She also taught at Yale School of Medicine (1977-1980) as an assistant professor in the department of pharmacology.

In 1980, she moved to the University of Wisconsin, serving as assistant professor in the Biochemistry Department and rising to full professor in 1985. She was an assistant professor for a total of 12 years. In 1987, Stubbe became a professor in the MIT Chemistry Department, where she became the first woman to receive tenure in that department. She received a joint appointment in the MIT Biology Department in 1990.

In 1994, Stubbe was one of 16 women faculty in the School of Science at MIT who drafted and co-signed a letter to the then-Dean of Science (now Chancellor of Berkeley) Robert Birgeneau, which started a campaign to highlight and challenge gender discrimination at MIT.

Research
Stubbe has published over 300 scientific papers and has been frequently recognized for her research achievements. Before Stubbe's work, there were no chemical mechanisms that could be written for certain enzymes. She revolutionized the biochemistry field with her first two scientific papers on enzymes enolase and pyruvate kinase.

Her first two publications in scientific journals showed the mechanisms for reactions that involved the enzymes enolase that metabolizes carbohydrates, and pyruvate kinase. Her first groundbreaking experiments were carried out in the late 1970s and early 1980s, while she was at Yale, then the University of Wisconsin. She was trying to understand how the hydroxyl group at the 2’ position of the ribonucleotide's sugar was replaced by the hydrogen found in deoxyribonucleotides. To perform these experiments, she had to synthesize nucleotides that carried a heavy isotope at specific positions. Stubbe reportedly kept a bed in her office since she worked around the clock on her experiments. Stubbe pioneered the use of spectroscopic investigations of enzyme interactions and has devoted most of her career to elucidating the biochemical mechanisms behind free radicals. In her early work at Yale and then at the University of Wisconsin, Stubbe discovered how enzymes called ribonucleotide reductases use free-radical chemistry to convert nucleotides into deoxynucleotides, an essential process in DNA repair and replication. These enzymes catalyze the rate-determining step in DNA biosynthesis. Her analysis of the nucleotide reduction process shed light on the mechanism of action of the Eli Lilly & Co. anti-cancer drug gemcitabine, which is used to treat various carcinomas, such as pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer.

Stubbe, in collaboration with John Kozarich, also elucidated the structure and function of bleomycin, an antibiotic that is commonly used to treat cancer. They discovered how bleomycin induces DNA strand breaks in tumor cells, which in turn induces apoptosis.

Before retiring, Stubbe studied the function of ribonucleotide reductases and the mechanisms of clinically useful drugs. She also extended her research into polyhydroxybutyrates, a class of biodegradable polymers that can be synthesized by bacteria under certain conditions and then converted into plastics. Stubbe's other research interests included the design of so-called suicide inhibitors and mechanisms of DNA repair enzymes.

Stubbe was active on several committees, including review boards for the NIH grants committee and the editorial boards for various scientific journals.

Personal life
Stubbe's parents were teachers, and that is why she thought teaching is what she originally wanted to do as a career. Stubbe had a pet dog named Dr. McEnzyme Stubbe. The dog was a part of the research group and had its own email address and picture on the group's website.

Scientific societies
 1991 American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1992 United States National Academy of Sciences (Biochemistry section)
2004 American Philosophical Society
American Chemical Society
American Society for Biological Chemists
Protein Society

Awards and honors
 1986 Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry
 1989 ICI – Stuart Pharmaceutical Award for Excellence in Chemistry
 1990 MIT teaching award
 1991 American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellow Award
 1992 Myron L. Bender and Muriel S. Bender Distinguished Summer Lecturer, Northwestern University
1993 Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award of the American Chemical Society
 1996 Richards Medal from northeastern section of ACS
 1997 Alfred Bader Award in Bioinorganic or Bioorganic Chemistry of the American Chemical Society
1998 F.A. Cotton Medal for Excellence in Chemical Research of the American Chemical Society
 2004 Repligen Award
 2005 John Scott Award
 2008 Protein Society Emil Thomas Kaiser Award
 2008 National Academy of Sciences Award in Chemical Sciences
 2008 Kirkwood Medal
2009 American Chemical Society's Nakanishi Prize for identifying the role of radical intermediates in ribonucleotide reductase functions.
2009 National Medal of Science "for her groundbreaking experiments establishing the mechanisms of ribonucleotide reductases, polyester synthases, and natural product DNA cleavers — compelling demonstrations of the power of chemical investigations to solve problems in biology."
2009 Prelog Medal, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich
2010 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Chemistry of The Franklin Institute for uncovering the intricate processes by which cells safely use free radicals, for developing new cancer treatments, and for improving the production of environmentally-friendly polymers.
 2010 Welch Award for "fundamental research in biochemistry and enzymology."
 2010 Murray Goodman Memorial Prize
 2013 Honorary doctor of the Harvard University
 2014 Penn Chemistry Distinguished Alumni Award
 2015 American Chemical Society Remsen Award
2017 Pearl Meister Greengard Prize
 2020 American Chemical Society Priestley Medal

References

Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
21st-century American chemists
University of Pennsylvania alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Living people
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
American women chemists
1946 births
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the American Philosophical Society
National Medal of Science laureates
21st-century American women scientists
Chemists from Illinois
Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates


Earth crustal displacement or Earth crust displacement may refer to:

Plate tectonics, scientific theory which describes the large scale motions of Earth's crust (lithosphere).
Fault (geology), fracture in Earth's crust where one side moves with respect to the other side.
Supercontinent cycle, the quasi-periodic aggregation and dispersal of Earth's continental crust.
Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis, where the axis of rotation of a planet may have shifted or the crust may have shifted dramatically.

Earth's crust


Icta is a genus of moths.

ICTA may refer to:
Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, a college in Trinidad, now the St Augustine Campus of the University of the West Indies
Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988, a United Kingdom act of Parliament
Independent Television Companies Association, a former organisation in the United Kingdom
Information and Communication Technology Agency of Sri Lanka
Information and Communication Technologies Authority (Mauritius)
Information and Communication Technologies Authority (Turkey)
Information and Communication Technology Authority (Cayman Islands)
Information and Communication Technology Authority (Kenya)
Integrated Circuit Topography Act, a Canadian intellectual property statute
International Center for Technology Assessment

See also
 Iqta', a mediaeval tax practice