Lance Frederick Zawadzki (born May 26, 1985) is an American former professional baseball shortstop. He played for the San Diego Padres in Major League Baseball (MLB) in 2010. Since 2018, he has been a minor league coach in the Boston Red Sox organization.

Amateur career
Zawadzki graduated from St. John's High School in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, in 2003. He was drafted straight out of high school in the 48th round by the Montreal Expos. Choosing to go to college instead of playing in the minor leagues, he committed to attend Louisiana State University and after one year transferred to San Diego State University before the spring of 2004.

On March 11, 2004, Zawadzki became the first person to get a hit at Petco Park when he doubled off the wall as a freshman for San Diego State against Houston. It was the first game played at the stadium.

During the 2005 summer, Zawadzki played for the Wareham Gatemen in the Cape Cod Baseball League in Massachusetts alongside teammates Daniel Bard and Justin Masterson.

Following the 2006 season, Zawadzki was taken in the 15th round by the St. Louis Cardinals. He did not sign and transferred to Lee University, which played in the 2007 NAIA World Series.

Professional career

San Diego Padres
He was selected by the San Diego Padres in 4th round (147th overall) of 2007 amateur entry draft. In 2007, he appeared in 10 games for the Arizona League Padres and 25 for the Eugene Emeralds, hitting a combined .305.

In 2008, he primarily played with the Fort Wayne Wizards in the Single-A Midwest League, hitting .273. In 2009, he split the season between the Advanced A Lake Elsinore Storm and the AA San Antonio Missions and hit .285 combined in 128 games.

Zawadzki made his Major League  debut with the Padres on May 2, 2010, against the Milwaukee Brewers and recorded his first Major League hit (a single) in his first at-bat, becoming the first baseball player from Lee University to play in the Major Leagues. He appeared in only 20 games for the Padres, primarily at second base, and hit .200. In the minors that season, he was in 35 games for San Antonio and 61 for the AAA Portland Beavers, hitting .225.

Other teams
On November 5, 2010, Zawadzki was claimed off waivers by the Kansas City Royals. He received an invitation to the Royals' major league camp for the 2011 spring training. However, he spent all of the 2011 season in the minor leagues with the Omaha Storm Chasers, where he hit .233 in 91 games. He was released on October 10.

In November, 2011, Zawadzki signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers and was assigned to the Triple-A Albuquerque Isotopes to start the season. He battled injuries and only appeared in 5 games for the Isotopes and was hitless in 13 at-bats. The Dodgers released him on May 7.

On May 21, 2012, Zawadzki signed a minor league contract with the Atlanta Braves and was assigned to the Triple-A Gwinnett Braves.

Zawadzki signed a minor league contract with the St. Louis Cardinals on August 10, 2012, and was assigned to the Triple-A Memphis Redbirds.

On December 18, 2012, the Toronto Blue Jays announced that Zawadzki had been signed to a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training. Zawadzki was assigned to the Double-A New Hampshire Fisher Cats from the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons on July 30, 2013.

Zawadzki played with the Lancaster Barnstormers starting in 2013 and he became a free agent after the 2015 season. He resigned on March 31, 2016. On August 23, 2017, Zawadzki was traded from the Sugar Land Skeeters to the Lancaster Barnstormers. He announced his retirement from professional baseball following the 2017 season.

Post-playing career
In 2018, Zawadzki was named a coach for the Lowell Spinners, the Class A Short Season minor league affiliate of the Boston Red Sox. He served as hitting coach of the Class A-Advanced Salem Red Sox in 2019, and in January 2020 was named hitting coach of the Double-A Portland Sea Dogs.

References

External links

MiLB.com player profile

1985 births
Living people
San Diego Padres players
Arizona League Padres players
Eugene Emeralds players
San Antonio Missions players
Fort Wayne Wizards players
Lake Elsinore Storm players
Portland Beavers players
San Diego State Aztecs baseball players
Omaha Storm Chasers players
Albuquerque Isotopes players
Gwinnett Braves players
Memphis Redbirds players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Gulf Coast Blue Jays players
New Hampshire Fisher Cats players
Lancaster Barnstormers players
Peoria Saguaros players
Sugar Land Skeeters players
Mayos de Navojoa players
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Wareham Gatemen players


The 2009 Samsung 500 was the seventh stock car race of the 2009 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. It was held on April 5, 2009, at Texas Motor Speedway, in Fort Worth, Texas before a crowd of 176,300 people. The 334-lap race was won by Jeff Gordon of the Hendrick Motorsports team after starting from second position. His teammate Jimmie Johnson finished second and Roush Fenway Racing's Greg Biffle placed third.

Gordon was the Drivers' Championship leader with 959 points entering the event. David Reutimann won the pole position by recording the fastest lap time in the qualifying session, and maintained his lead going into the first corner to begin the race, but Gordon took over the lead before the first lap was over. Afterward, Reutimann took back the lead, holding it until Matt Kenseth passed him on lap 47. Gordon led after the final pit stops. In the final laps, Johnson was gaining on Gordon, but Gordon maintained the lead to achieve the race victory. There were six cautions and twenty-eight lead changes among thirteen different drivers during the race.

The race was Gordon's first win of the 2009 season, and the eighty-second of his career. The result kept Gordon in the lead of the Drivers' Championship, one-hundred and sixty-two ahead of Johnson, and one-hundred and eighty ahead of Kurt Busch. Chevrolet increased its lead in the Manufacturers' Championship, ten points ahead of Ford, who bumped Toyota to third place, with twenty-nine races remaining in the season remaining. The race attracted 7.4 million television viewers.

Background

The 2009 Samsung 500 was the seventh of thirty-six scheduled stock car races of the 2009 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. It took place on April 5, 2009, in Fort Worth, Texas, at Texas Motor Speedway, an intermediate track that holds NASCAR races. The standard track at Texas Motor Speedway is a four-turn quad-oval track that is  long. The track's turns are banked at twenty-four degrees, and both the front stretch (the location of the finish line) and the back stretch have a five degree banking.

Before the race, Jeff Gordon led the Drivers' Championship with 959 points, followed by Clint Bowyer with 870. Kurt Busch was third with 827 points, Jimmie Johnson was fourth with 817 and Denny Hamlin was fifth with 811 points. Kurt's younger brother Kyle Busch, along with Tony Stewart, Carl Edwards, Kasey Kahne and Kevin Harvick rounded out the top ten. In the Manufacturers' Championship, Chevrolet was leading with 39 points, five points ahead of their rival Toyota. Ford, with 32 points, was five points ahead of Dodge in the battle for third place. Edwards was the race's defending champion.

Jeff Gordon had not won a race at Texas Motor Speedway in 16 attempts and said he would not base anything based on his second-place finish at the circuit in late 2008, "The team worked hard over the offseason and our performances on intermediate tracks have improved. We are just a different team with different race cars right now. Texas is one of those places that is on my radar. I want to turn things around and conquer it."

Practice and qualifying

Three practice sessions were before the Sunday race — one on Friday, and two on Saturday. The first session lasted 90 minutes, while the second session lasted 45 minutes. The third and final practice session lasted 60 minutes. During the first practice session, Mark Martin was fastest with a lap of 28.467 seconds, placing ahead of David Reutimann in second and Kurt Busch in third. Greg Biffle was scored fourth, and Johnson placed fifth. Jeff Gordon, Edwards, Dale Earnhardt Jr., David Stremme and David Ragan rounded out the top ten fastest drivers in the session.

Forty-eight drivers were entered in the qualifier on Friday afternoon; according to NASCAR's qualifying procedure, forty-three were allowed to race. Each driver ran two laps, with the starting order determined by the competitor's fastest times. Reutimann clinched his second pole position in the Sprint Cup Series, with a time of 28.344 seconds. He was joined on the grid's front row by Jeff Gordon, who held the pole position until Reutimann's lap. Matt Kenseth qualified third, Ragan took fourth in his best qualifying performance of the season, and Paul Menard started fifth to put three Fords in the first five places. Kahne in sixth was the sole Dodge driver in the top ten positions. Tony Stewart, Kyle Busch, Johnson were in places seventh to ninth. Joey Logano followed in tenth place due to his car being difficult to steer. The five drivers who failed to qualify were Joe Nemechek, Scott Speed, Jeremy Mayfield, Todd Bodine and Scott Riggs. After the qualifier Reutimann said, "We had a great car all day, right off the truck. This pole reminds me of how much things have changed for me in the past few years. I didn't make the field here two years ago, during a bad time in my racing career."

On Saturday morning, Reuitmann was fastest in the second practice session by setting a time of 28.999 seconds, ahead of Johnson in second, and Hamlin in third. Edwards was fourth quickest,  and Jeff Gordon took fifth. Stewart, Kurt Busch, Kenseth, Bobby Labonte and Jeff Burton rounded out the top ten. Later that day, Johnson paced the final practice session with a time of 29.393 seconds, with Hamlin and Kyle Busch followed in second and third respectively. Jamie McMurray was fourth fastest, ahead of David Gilliland and Burton. Martin placed seventh, Edwards eighth, Juan Pablo Montoya ninth, and Martin Truex Jr. tenth.

Qualifying results

Race
Television coverage for the race began at 1:30 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time live in the United States on Fox. Commentary was provided by Mike Joy, Larry McReynolds, and Darrell Waltrip. Wind speeds at the start of the race were between . Roger Marsh of Texas Alliance Raceway Ministries began pre-race ceremonies with the invocation. Pianist Lewis Warren Jr. performed the national anthem, and contest winner Mark Fredde commanded the drivers to start their engines. No driver was required to move to the rear of the grid at the start of the race.

The race began at 2:17 p.m. Jeff Gordon passed Reuitmann almost immediately by the end of the first lap. Three laps later, Kurt Busch collided with Robby Gordon, with the latter sustaining minor damage and both drivers managed to continue. On lap eight, Reutimann took back the lead from Jeff Gordon by passing him in the third turn. Jeff Gordon dropped a further position when he was passed by Kenseth during the following lap. By lap 20, Reuitmann had a lead of about 1.6 seconds over Kenseth. Kurt Busch, who began the race in twenty-sixth, had moved up seven positions to nineteenth by lap 24. On lap 29, Stewart claimed fifth from Menard.

By lap 30, Earnhardt had moved up eight positions to twelfth. Ten laps later, Reutimann had maintained a lead of 1.7 seconds over Kenseth. On lap 42, Marcos Ambrose moved into seventh. Five laps later, Kenseth claimed the lead off Reutimann who was blocked by Casey Mears. On lap 51, green flag pit stops began, as Kenseth made a pit stop handling the lead to Stewart. On lap 54, Kyle Busch became the new race leader after Stewart came into pit road. Kyle Busch made a pit stop one lap later, handing the lead back to Kenseth. By lap 60, Kenseth had built up his lead over Reutimann by over two seconds. Eight laps later, Stewart passed Reutimann for second. On lap 79, Biffle passed Reutimann for third. Seven laps later, Stewart claimed the lead from Kenseth. During the 97th lap, debris was spotted on the backstretch, prompting the first caution of the race. During the caution, all of the drivers on the lead lap made pit stops. Kenseth reclaimed the lead and maintained it at the restart on lap 103.

On the 109th lap, Kyle Busch's car suffered a cut left front tire from contact with John Andretti, forcing Kyle Busch to come to pit road. Seven laps later, Biffle passed Kenseth on the outside in the dogleg for the lead, while Jeff Gordon passed Reuitmann for fourth thirteen laps later. By the 135th lap, Biffle had built a lead over Kenseth to three seconds. Green flag pit stops began on the 152nd lap; Kenseth made his pit stop on the same lap. Johnson and Biffle made a pit stop the next lap, handing the lead to Jeff Gordon. After pit stops, Biffle reclaimed the first position. On lap 157, Elliott Sadler spun out exiting the final corner and went sideways across the start/finish line, causing the second caution. None of the leaders elected to pit under the caution. The race restarted on lap 162 with Biffle in the lead, ahead of Kenseth and Jeff Gordon. By the 190th lap, Biffle's lead was three seconds. Another round of green flag pit stops began on lap 203 when Truex made a pit stop; Kenseth was the first of the leaders to pit the following lap. On lap 208, Jeff Gordon became the new race leader after Biffle came into pit road. After pit stops, Biffle reclaimed the top position.

On lap 220, the third caution was given when Ambrose's car suffered an engine failure. Jeff Gordon on the advice of his crew chief Steve Letarte over the radio remained on the circuit, and this promoted him to the lead and his car would not be affected by aerodynamic turbulence. Martin also stayed out on the circuit, while some of the leaders came to pit road. Earnhardt was required to make an additional pit stop because his crew needed to replace a missing lug nut. Jeff Gordon led the field back up to speed on the restart on lap 226. Five laps later, Sam Hornish Jr. spun exiting the second turn while driving alongside Bowyer and Labonte collided with the outside wall, prompting the fourth caution. During the caution, Johnson, Earnhardt and Hamlin made pit stops. Jeff Gordon stayed out of pit road and the led the field to restart on lap 237. Four laps later, Logano collided with the wall, but escaped with minor damage.

Edwards moved into sixth on lap 247 during the 247th lap. Four laps later, a fifth caution came out when Robby Gordon's car suffered an engine failure. All of the leaders elected to pit under caution, giving the lead to Earnhardt. Kenseth was demoted from second to 15th position when lug nut issues on the right-rear tire during his pit stop caused him to remain in the pit lane for longer than usual. The race restarted on lap 259. On lap 260, Jeff Gordon moved back into the lead, while Earnhardt fell to the seventh position. Three laps later, Edwards passed Brian Vickers to move into ninth.

On lap 290, Earnhardt was forced onto pit road after colliding with the wall at turn two. One lap later, Ragan drove to pit road because of overheating issues. On the 294th lap, Edwards reclaimed the lead off Gordon, who was delayed by a slower vehicle, while Ragan entered the garage, three laps later. On lap 298, Stewart moved into second after passing Jeff Gordon. Four laps later, a sixth and final caution came out, after Stremme collided with the wall and spun going into turn three. Edwards relinquished the lead to Jeff Gordon during the yellow flag pit stop cycle when the front tires on his car were slow to be fitted; he was demoted to 11th position and fell out of contention for the victory.

Jeff Gordon led on the lap 309 restart. On the same lap, Johnson passed Stewart for the second position, while Jeff Gordon built up a 1.4 second lead four laps later. On the 314th lap, Biffle moved into the fourth position after overtaking Johnson. By lap 323, Jeff Gordon had increased his lead to 1.7 seconds over Johnson. Biffle overtook Stewart for third on the 330th lap. Jeff Gordon maintained the lead to win his first race of the 2009 season. Johnson finished second, ahead of Biffle in third, Stewart in fourth, and Kenseth in fifth. Martin, Montoya, Kurt Busch, Burton and Edwards rounded out the top ten finishers. There were twenty-eight lead changes among fourteen different drivers during the course of the race. Jeff Gordon led six times for a total of 105 laps, more than any other driver.

Post-race

Jeff Gordon appeared in victory lane to celebrate his first win of the 2009 season in front of 176,300 who attended the event, earning $541,874 in race winnings. Gordon was delighted with his victory: "Incredible team effort. This whole year has been amazing. What a great car. I've never had a car like this at Texas. We finally had one and put it in position." Johnson was happy with his second-place result, saying, "It was nice to get our car up front and get some clean air on it. We had to work really hard all day long to keep the car right. I'm very proud of the team." Third-place finisher Biffle was candid with his performance: "We worked our way all the way back to fourth, third – 15 more laps, would've passed [runner-up Jimmie Johnson] and then a little while longer we could've gotten [Gordon]. But, I just ran out of time, lost track position and weren't able to capitalize on it."

Earnhardt described his accident late in the race as him "Trying too hard and run well, and just got in to the wall down there in the middle of one and two. The car jumped sideways" and talked about his performance, "We were running pretty good all day. We were really fast." Edwards appeared to be certain that there would have been a different result had his slow pit stop late in the race not happened, saying, "I thought, ‘If we can have just one more [good pit stop], we’ll be all right. And then we went in leading and came out 11th, and that’s what cost us the race." His teammate Kenseth commented on the lug nut fault that lost him positions and caused him to finish fifth, "You can't really do much about it. We just got to the back and it was extremely tough to pass, and we were just stuck back there racing with them guys." Stewart described his fourth-place as his team being "good today, we just weren't good enough", and said his team's vehicle was the quickest on the circuit at any time during the race after approximately 25 laps. Eighth-placed finisher Kurt Busch said his team believed that they could not challenge the major competitors, but admitted his strong result was "exactly what we needed. … Our car was better on the long runs. We needed to be out there as long as we could and stretch it out."

The race results kept Jeff Gordon in the lead of the Drivers' Championship with 1154 points. Johnson, who finished behind Gordon, moved to second on 992, eighteen points ahead of Kurt Busch and twenty-five ahead of Bowyer. In the Manufacturers' Championship, Chevrolet increased their points total to 48, while Ford advanced to second with 38 and Toyota was bumped to third with 37. 7.4 million people watched the race on television. The race took three hours, twenty-five minutes and twenty-two seconds to complete, and the margin of victory was 0.378 seconds.

Race results

Standings after the race

Drivers' Championship standings

Manufacturers' Championship standings

Note: Only the top five positions are included for the driver standings.

References

Samsung 500
Samsung 500
21st century in Fort Worth, Texas
NASCAR races at Texas Motor Speedway
April 2009 sports events in the United States


The Arboretum de Xertigny (4 hectares), also known as the Arboretum du Château des Brasseurs, is a municipal arboretum and park located at Mairie 1, le Château, Xertigny, Vosges, Grand Est, France. It is open daily without charge.

The arboretum was established in 1994 to protect the former park of the Château des Brasseurs (Brewers' Castle), originally created in 1888 by local brewery owner Victor Champion, who planted a number of trees from North America and Asia when laying out the park. Although Xertigny's brewery closed in 1966 and the château now houses the town government, the arboretum preserves many of the park's old trees, including fine specimens of Araucaria, Cladastris lutea, Douglas fir, Fraxinus ornus, and Sequoiadendron (45 meters).

The adjacent Bois Beaudoin offers further woodland paths. A village legend recounts that Champion discovered the treasure of the Knights Templar in these woods, which provided the fortune for creating château and park; the location of its discovery is duly marked.

See also
 List of botanical gardens in France

References
 Arboretum de Xertigny
 Parcs et Jardins entry (French)
 BaLaDO.fr entry (French)
 Parcs et Jardins entry (French)
 Trésor des Régions description (French)
 L'Echo des Chênaies entry (French)
 Dominique Auzias et al., Le Petit Futé Lorraine Vosges, Petit Futé, 2008, page 328. .

Xertigny, Arboretum de
Xertigny, Arboretum de


The Selbitz is a river of Bavaria and Thuringia, Germany.

It is a left-bank tributary of the river Saale in the eastern Franconian Forest. It is a watercourse of tertiary importance. Its source lies about  above sea level from a pond northwest of the Helmbrechts quarter of Wüstenselbitz, flows around Helmbrechts at first in an easterly direction and then towards the north. As it continues it runs through the towns of Schauenstein, Selbitz and Naila, before flowing through the Höllental between Hölle and Blechschmidtenhammer cutting a channel into the dolorite rock up to  deep.

In the village of Hölle, a district of Naila on the left bank of the Selbitz, a  mineral spring, the Höllensprudel, has been bored. From the mouth of the Thüringische Muschwitz at the exit of the Hölle Valley and at its own confluence with the Saale near Blankenstein the Selbitz forms the border between Bavaria and Thuringia for about . During the Cold War division of Germany (1945–1990), the Selbitz was part of the inner German border, with fences and guard towers on the Thuringian side in the German Democratic Republic to prevent east-west traffic.

The footbridge between the Bavarian hamlet of Untereichenstein and Blankenstein is also the end of the Thuringian Rennsteig, a historical border path.

The river is  long and falls a total of  during its course. The name "Selbitz" probably comes from the Slavic word zelenovica and would therefore mean something like "green stream".

At almost any point the level of the Selbitz could rise theoretically without causing any problems, because it is mostly surrounded by meadows and in the town of Naila flows through a natural, but reinforced, channel between the station and the bridge by the football pitch. This enables the river to grow to more than twice its width during times of thaw, storms or heavy rain. From 2 to 4 December 2007 this could be observed. The area through which the river runs is surrounded to the left and right by strips of grassland that are used as meadows for sheep-grazing during times of the year when there is no snow.

See also
List of rivers of Bavaria

References

Literature

External links

 Online data from the gauge at Hölle der Selbitz

Rivers of Bavaria
Rivers of Germany


Walter Smith (1885 – after 1915) was an English professional footballer who scored 30 goals in 100 appearances in the Football League playing for Bury and Birmingham. He played as an inside forward.

Smith was born in Bootle, Lancashire. After an unsuccessful trial with Liverpool in 1907, he played for Southend United and Chester before joining Bury in December 1911. Though his first season ended in relegation from the First Division, Smith stayed another two years, and over his career at Bury he scored at a rate better than one goal every three games. He joined fellow Second Division club Birmingham towards the end of the 1913–14 season. The club were looking for a creative player to supply chances for Andy Smith and Jack Hall, but Smith lost out in this role to England international Jimmy Windridge, whose second spell with Birmingham coincided with Smith's arrival. He went on to play for Altrincham during the First World War.

References

1885 births
Year of death missing
Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Southend United F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
Bury F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Altrincham F.C. players
Date of birth missing
Place of death missing
Footballers from Bootle


William Dooley (September 9, 1932 – July 2, 2019 in Modesto, California) was an American bass-baritone singer who performed with many prominent opera companies. He began his career in Germany in the late 1950s, ultimately becoming a leading performer at the Deutsche Oper Berlin from 1962 to 1964. He then embarked on a highly successful career at the Metropolitan Opera where he sang regularly between 1964 and 1977. Between 1977 and 1982 he sang regularly at the Vienna State Opera, after which he remained active as a freelance artist on the international stage through the early 1990s.

Dooley possessed a rich, deep, and warm voice that had a considerable amount of dramatic power and a wide vocal range. In his prime singing years he particularly excelled within the operas of Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss. Although primarily an exponent of German opera, his repertoire spanned a wide range of languages from French and Italian to Russian and even, in the case of the opera Montezuma, Aztec, Spanish and Latin. He sang in numerous world premieres throughout his career, including Hans Werner Henze's The Bassarids.

Biography
Dooley entered the University of Rochester in 1950, graduating from there in 1954 with a bachelor's degree in English. During that time he also studied singing as a music minor under Lucy Lee Callund at the Eastman School of Music. After graduation he enlisted in the United States Army, serving in Munich between 1954 and 1956. During his off duty hours he studied singing with Viktoria Prestel and Hedwig Fichtmüller.

Dooley made his professional opera debut in 1957 as Posa in Giuseppe Verdi's Don Carlos at the Stadttheater Heidelberg. He spent the next two years performing in operas and concerts throughout Germany. He joined the roster at the Städtische Bühnen in Bielefeld in 1959, where he sang regularly for the next three years. While there he notably portrayed the title role in Marcel Mihalovici's one character opera Krapp, ou, La dernière bande for its world premiere broadcast on RTF radio in France on May 15, 1961, its stage premiere at the Théâtre des Nations the following July 3, and its premiere in Germany at the Städtische Bühnen in February 1962.

In the summer of 1962 Dooley became a member of the Deutsche Oper Berlin, where he sang leading baritone roles for two years. While there he notably sang the role of Apollo in the world premiere of Darius Milhaud's L'Orestie in 1963 and the role of Hernán Cortez in the world premiere of Roger Sessions's Montezuma in 1964. He was also well known in Germany for his interpretation of the role of Jago in Verdi's Otello which he sang in Bonn and many other German opera houses and abroad with great success.

Dooley returned to the United States in 1964 to become a member of the company at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. He made his debut with the company in the title role of Eugene Onegin on February 15, 1964, opposite Leontyne Price as Tatiana. He spent the next 13 years singing with the company for a total of 188 performances. He particularly excelled in the works of Richard Wagner during his time at the Met, portraying the roles of Amfortas in Parsifal, Gunther in Götterdämmerung, Donner in Das Rheingold, Herald in Lohengrin, Kurwenal in Tristan und Isolde, and the title role in The Flying Dutchman.

In 1966 Dooley notably sang the role of The Messenger of Keikobad in the Met's first production of Richard Strauss's Die Frau ohne Schatten, and in 1976 he portrayed Marquis de la Force in the Met's first production of Francis Poulenc's Dialogues of the Carmelites with Maria Ewing as Blanche de la Force. His other roles during his career at the Met included the four villains in Les Contes d'Hoffmann, Amonasro in Aida, Count Almaviva in Le Nozze di Figaro, Don Pizarro in Fidelio, Escamillo in Carmen, Faninal in Der Rosenkavalier, the Grand Inquisitor in Don Carlo, John the Baptist in Salome, Mandryka in Arabella, the Music Master in Ariadne auf Naxos, Orest in Elektra, Rangoni in Boris Godunov, Scarpia in Tosca, the Speaker in The Magic Flute, and the title role in Wozzeck. His last performance at the Met was on March 11, 1977, as the Marquis de la Force.

During his time at the Met, Dooley occasionally performed with other companies and at music festivals internationally. In 1964 he made his debut at the Salzburg Festival as the title hero in Mozart's Lucio Silla. He returned to Salzburg two years later to portray the Captain of the Royal Guard in the world premiere of Hans Werner Henze's The Bassarids and the role of Escamillo in Carmen. In 1965 he sang in the world premiere of Isang Yun's Der Traum des Liu-Tung at the Akademie der Künste in Berlin. Dooley made two appearances with the Philadelphia Lyric Opera Company in 1968, portraying Wolfram von Eschenbach in Wagner's Tannhäuser with Jess Thomas in the title role and Count Almaviva to Pilar Lorengar's Countess. He also made several appearances at the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen during the late 1960s. In 1976 he returned to the Deutsche Oper Berlin to sing in the world premiere of Toshiro Mayuzumi's Der Tempelbrand.

Dooley joined the roster at the Vienna State Opera in the Fall of 1977. He sang there for the next six seasons, performing much of the same repertoire that he had performed at the Met. In 1979 he portrayed the role of Pastor Oberlin in the world premiere of Wolfgang Rihm's Jakob Lenz at the Hamburg State Opera. In 1984 he appeared in the world premiere of Aribert Reimann's Die Gespenstersonate at the Deutsche Oper Berlin and in 1989 he sang in the world premiere of Marc Neikrug's Los Alamos at the Los Angeles Opera. In 1991 he portrayed Tiresias in the American premiere of Wolfgang Rihm's Oedipus at the Santa Fe Opera, a role he had sung earlier for the opera's 1987 premiere in Berlin.

References

American operatic bass-baritones
Living people
1932 births
University of Rochester alumni
American expatriates in Germany
Eastman School of Music alumni
Musicians from Modesto, California
Singers from California
20th-century American male opera singers


Mahamahopadhyaya Pandit Ram Avatar Sharma (1877–1929) was an Indian Sanskrit scholar and academic, apart from being an indologist and historian. He was born in a Bhumihar Brahmin family of scholars and pursued the same path of scholarship, becoming the professor of Sanskrit in University of Patna in pre-independence years. He was also a renowned Indologist. Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India and a favourite student of Pandit Sharma, was instrumental in getting his works published after his death. His son, Professor Pandit Nalin Vilochan Sharma was also a professor of Hindi Literature in University of Patna and started the Nai Kavita; New Poetry movement in Hindi literature.

Early life and education
Pandit Ramavatara Sarma was born the son of a Brahmin Sanskrit guru, Dev Narayan Pandey, on 6 March in Chapra which lies on the northern bank of the river Ganges in the state of Bihar. His father asked him to join him in his work when he was 12 so young Ramavatara headed for India's greatest seat of Sanskrit learning, Varanasi, and became a disciple of Gangadhar Shastri, the most famous guru of the day.

He passed the Kavyateerth examination at the age of 15 and wrote his first book the same year, Dheernaishadham. He took admission to Queen's College in Benaras which was patronised by Dr Annie Besant and completed his Sahityacharya the same year, topping the list. But one of the professors at Queen's College, Dr Vennis, happened to comment that were he to acquire some knowledge of English he would fare better.

At this Ramavtar Sarma went right off to pawn his only prized possession, his lota and borrow a copy of the Encyclopædia Britannica which he read through once. After that all his life he was able to tell which word appeared on which page, in which column, after which word and before which. This was the time he changed his name from Pandey to Sarma which roughly means 'the knowledgeable one'.

Career
Mahamahopadhyaya Pt. Ramavtar Sharma was a genius of very high order. He had a brilliant career as a student of Sanskrit in which he earned the oriental degrees of Kavyatirtha, Vyakarnacharya, Sahityacharya, etc., having received his education under the guidance of his father at an early stage and later under the tutorship of the famous Pandit Mahamahopadhyaya Gangadhar Shastri of Queen's College, Benares. He also had his education in modern subjects in English and passed all his examinations from entrance up to M.A., having topped and received prizes in most of them. He left Benaras because conditions back home were bad. He took up his first job at Chapra High School but returned to Benaras in 1901 to take up lectureship at Central Hindu College. It was at this time that he defeated in shastrarth his guru, Gangadhar Shastri as well as Maharshi Shraddhanand. His guru had tears running down his cheeks at his disciple's show of erudition but he said, 'Since you have put me down in my own city, go, may none of your work be ever completed.'

At the time of his death in 1929, Ramavtar Sarma's house, family and lexicon were all incomplete. This story was told me by his eldest and dearest daughter, Indumati Tewari who herself had two MA degrees from Benaras Hindu University, having topped both subjects, Sanskrit and Hindi. However, when Dr Annie Besant tried to impose norms of attire on the lecturers, Ramavtar Sarma reacted,'Clothes are for comfort. I shall not wear coat and trousers to college.' He went back home but the fledgling university at Patna needed someone to head its combined department of Hindi and Sanskrit and invited him over. He joined Patna University in 1907.

In 1908 he was asked by Sir Asutosh Mukherji of Calcutta University to deliver the famous Basu-Mallick lecture. This was an exposition on Vedantism which was later delivered at Oxford University. This was regarded as the final word on the subject and stands unrefuted to this day.

Meanwhile, the founder of world-renowned Benaras Hindu University was doing the rounds at Patna, hoping to rope in Ramavtar Sarma for his pet project at BHU, the first-ever college of Indology. Ramavtar relented when he failed to win the well-known Premchand Raichand scholarship which went to Radha Kumud Mukherji, a much junior man. He joined BHU as Principal, Oriental College of Indology.

Legends grew around him. There was an incident involving the then Prince of Wales, later King Edward VIII. Madan Mohan Malviya had requested all faculty members to be attired in formal clothes including the pugree. However, as the royal cavalcade approached Ruia Hostel where Indology classes were held, Ramavtar Sarma went and stood on the verandah, clad in his dhoti and chauband. Malviya happened to catch sight of him and ordered the cavalcade away. When the next day Ramavtar was asked for an explanation, he arrived at Malviya's office along with a bundle of his clothes, saying 'From tomorrow, these will take classes, not I.' He added, 'What you pay me for my erudition is a pittance. You cannot tell me how I should dress.' Malviya agreed.

Much later Indumati Tewari, his eldest daughter explained, 'That was a day for a dip in the Ganges and my mother gathered all us children and took us to Assi Ghat. She also took the keys to the almirah in which Baba's clothes were. Since he never raised his voice to her, he simply put on his normal clothes and went to college.'

However, in 1922, he decided to return to Patna, explaining, 'My Bihar is poor and needs me.'

There came to Patna University as Principal, another erudite scholar from Oxford University, Sir Charles Russell, who was interested both in Sanskrit and Philosophy being an excellent scholar himself. He asked Ramavtar Sarma if he could guide him in the perusal of one of the most difficult books in the language. Sir Charles brought along two copies of the book, one for himself and the other for Ramavtar, who simply pushed the book away. Sir Charles was stunned by the fact that anyone could have such a book at his fingertips. Thereafter Sir Charles had many thought-provoking sessions on just about any subject with Ramavtar Sarma, his admiration rising with each.

Ramavtar's style of writing verse was such that scholars of the era were convinced that he would author the fifth Veda. Hopes were also expressed that he would be able to decode the Indus Valley Script. It was he who rescinded the Ashokan script.
It was again Ramavtar who dated Sanskrit poet Bhasa as well as identified the real Kalidas from a likely trio. An essay on this last subject appeared in English in The Hindustan Review, published from Patna.

The debate that the Vedas were a divine creation was timeless. To settle the issue, Ramavtar started sending off some slokas to a national Sanskrit magazine printed from Poona. He carried on the joke on the academic fraternity for six whole months. All Sanskrit scholars took them to be from some Veda or the other. Then at last he revealed that they were 'Swarachit' or self-composed.

His memory was phenomenal. Once a young writer came to him and read out about 55 pages of his book which he hoped to submit to the publishers the next day. It rained heavily that night and the first 55 pages were washed away. The writer was desperate. He confided to a friend about the fact that he had read just those pages out to Ramavtar. The friend took him right back to Ramavtar's house on Patna's Exhibition Road. Ramavtar was able to dictate verbatim every page that the writer had lost.

Ramavtar Sarma was a radical thinker. For one thing, he anticipated the genetic theory by pronouncing that close relatives ought not to marry (as it is Hindu religion forbids it) and he maintained that if a girl from Bengal were to marry a boy from the Punjab their progeny would be highly intelligent. He believed that only the most intelligent persons must have several children and that those with mental illnesses must desist.

He did not believe in reincarnation—this sent the Brahmin community of his times into frenzies of condemnation. But as he simply put it, 'When the natural receptacle of the brain and mind is gone, where does memory reside?' He considered that all the world is 'a series of waves in the unitary Divine ocean of knowledge.'

These words are from his book, Parmarath Darshan with which he added a new chapter to the six systems of Hindu philosophy. His views on the Puranas contained in The Philosophy of the Puranas won him the Buch Metaphysics Award. Another book, Chapters from Indian Psychology was also hailed as being much ahead of those times.

At his death on 3 April 1929 Indologist K P Jaiswal said, 'He belonged to the race of Kapil, Kannad and Kalidas.'
The Bihar-Orissa Journal wrote that his lexicon 'would have gladdened the heart of the universal Voltaire. The Patna College Magazine dated 3 April 1929 wrote, that he was 'a consummate scholar of encyclopaedic knowledge, a powerful rationalistic thinker ... of marked poetic talents. We shall not see the likes of him again.' Principal Horne of Patna College said, 'His death is a crushing loss to the world of scholarship.' The Gaiwad Oriental Series Institute wrote, '(His death) removes from the field of Indology and ardent worker and a specialist in lexicography.'

Personal life
He was survived by five daughters and three sons. His eldest daughter, Indumati, was herself a great scholar of Sanskrit. His eldest son, Nalin Vilochan Sarma, was a writer and poet and founded a new style of poetry, Nakenwaad. His collection of short stories, Vish ke Daant is still taught in Patna University and he too died early while he was the Head of the Hindi Department of Patna University. He also had a daughter Mandirmani who was one of the surviving twins he had who married a pilot.

Legacy
India's first President, Dr Rajendra Prasad, was one of Ramavtar's favourite students. It was he who was instrumental in getting several of Sarma's books into print.

An article on Ramavtar Sarma entitled 'India's Greatest Forgotten Genius' by Shruti Shukla first appeared in The Hindustan Times, Patna Edition, dated 5 September 1986.

List of works

Sanskrit and Pali
 Vividh gadya-padyatmak rachnayen 1903–06; published in monthly journals Mitragoshthi and Suktisudha from Kashi
 Saduktikarnamrit, based on ancient archival material for Asiatic Society of Bengal, period 1903–10.
 Priyadarshiprashastyah, translated only Pali into Sanskrit and English for University of Calcutta, 1910.
 Parmarthdarshan, sutrabadh darshan-granth – vartik sahit; published in Kashi in the years 1911–12 and 13. Bhashya's first chapter published in Sanskrit journal Sanskrit-Sanjivan in 1943.
 Vangamaymahanav, shlokbaddh Sanskrit vishwakosh; published between 1911–25; Gyanmandal Limited, Varanasi.
 Mudgardutam; vyangya-kavya; vyakriti of Kalidasa's Meghadūta; published in Sharda patrika.
 Bharatiyamitivrittam, History of India in Sanskrit.

English
 Philosophy of the Puranas (Purandarshan); 1902, got Buch Metaphysics Prize for it, unpublished.
 Chapters from Indian Psychology (Bharatiya manovigyan ke kuch adhyaya), 1904, got Buch Metaphysics Prize for it, unpublished.
 Gopal Basu Mallick lectures on Vedantism (Vedanta par vyakhyan), 1908, published by University of Calcutta.
 A Thesis on the Age of Kalidasa (Kalidasa ke samay ka nirupan); 1909, Published by Hindustan Review.
 Elementary Textbook of Eternal Law (Parmarthdarshan ki angrezi bhumika); 1911, unpublished.

Hindi
 Europiya Darshan; 1905, published by Kashi Nagari Pracharini Sabha.
 Hindi Bhasha Tatva; published as lecture series, published by Kashi Nagari Pracharini Sabha.
 Hindi Vyakaran; 1907, published in monthly journal Devnagar from Calcutta.
 Hindi Vyakaran aur rachna ki shikshan-paddhati, 1910, published by education department of Bengal.
 Vividh-vishayak Nibandh; 1912–13, published in Saraswati, Sudha and Madhuri.
 Mudgaranandcharit; publication year unknown, published in Nagari Pracharini Patrika.
 Padyamaya Mahabharata, publication year unknown.

See also
 List of Indian writers

References

1929 deaths
Scholars from Bihar
20th-century Indian historians
Indian Indologists
Indian spiritual writers
People from Chhapra
Indian Sanskrit scholars
Sanskrit writers
1877 births
Writers from Patna
19th-century Indian historians
20th-century Indian linguists
English-language writers from India
Scholars in British India
Historians from British India


Sir William Valentine Wood KBE, worked for much of his life on the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), rising to become its President. He was known for his ability with numbers.

Biography
William Wood; Willie Wood to his railway colleagues and Val to his family, attended Methodist College, Belfast before joining the Northern Counties Committee (NCC) as an accountant. Here he expanded his interest to all matters relating to the railway. During World War I he worked for the government, and when the Ministry of Transport was created in 1919 he became its first director of finance. He later returned to railway work on the LMS, successor to the Midland Railway which had owned the NCC, where he became vice president (finance and services). When Josiah Stamp was killed in 1941, Wood was asked to take over as President, a post which he held until the nationalisation of the Railways in 1948. He then worked for five years with the British Transport Commission (BTC) whose Chairman, Sir Cyril Hurcombe, he had come to know during his time in the Ministry of Transport.

References

1959 deaths
1883 births
London, Midland and Scottish Railway people
People educated at Methodist College Belfast
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire


Harry Shoemaker (May 11, 1879 – August 8, 1932) was an American inventor and pioneer radio engineer, who received more than 40 U.S. patents in the radio field from 1901 to 1905. His transmitter and receiver designs set the standard for the U. S. commercial radio industry up to World War One.

Early life

Shoemaker was born in 1879 near Millville, Pennsylvania. His early education was at the Greenwood Seminary in Millville, Pennsylvania and the Normal School in Muncy, Pennsylvania. In 1896, he began attending Pennsylvania State College.

In 1894, Professor Henry Russell conducted a classroom demonstration of the transmission and reception of electromagnetic radiation (radio signals). A fascinated Shoemaker conducted further experiments at his home, using a spark-gap transmitter, plus a coherer receiver of his own design, which used a galvanometer's needle to strike and reset the coherer after each received Morse code signal. However, he did not publicize or patent any of his early work, so when he later testified that he had constructed a radiotelegraph system, in April 1895 at the age of 16, which anticipated Guglielmo Marconi's original patent, the U.S. courts would not accept his statement, bluntly declaring that "His testimony is so utterly unsupported and insufficient and improbable that it will not be discussed".

Career history

Gehring companies
In November 1899, Dr. Gustave P. Gehring of Philadelphia, a gold mine and real estate promoter, established the American Wireless Telephone and Telegraph Company, which was the first radio communications firm established in the United States. This corporation initially (and unsuccessfully) claimed to have a monopoly on all wireless communication in the United States, based on U.S. patent number 350,299, a short-range wireless communication system using magnetic induction that had been issued in 1886 to Amos Dolbear.

American Wireless and its subsidiaries primarily engaged in the florid promotion of stock sales at inflated prices to the unwary, and did only limited legitimate work toward its supposed goal of setting up a nationwide radiotelegraphic system. However, it also employed a small number of capable engineers. At its founding A. Frederick Collins was the lead technical employee, but he soon left the firm and was replaced by Shoemaker as American Wireless' Chief Engineer. In 1901 the company built stations in New Jersey to report the Columbia vs. the Shamrock international yacht races by radio, although interference from two other companies limited the transmission's effectiveness.

Shoemaker proved to be a prolific worker, and received numerous patents for improvements in radio sending and receiving equipment. Most early spark transmitters were powered by batteries or Leyden jars. Shoemaker developed an improved design, which used 120-cycle alternating current, which provided more power for stronger signals, and also produced a distinctive sound that made it easier for a transmission to be heard on congested wavelengths.

In 1902, Gehring merged American Wireless with most of its subsidiaries to form the Consolidated Wireless Telephone and Telegraph Company, and the next year a further reorganization resulted in the International Wireless Telegraph and Telephone Company. Shoemaker continued as Chief Engineer throughout these restructurings. In early 1904, International Wireless was taken over by the American DeForest Wireless Telegraph Company, which thereby acquired Shoemaker's services and the use of his valuable patents. He received a Silver Medal as Collaborator for his work at the company's exhibit at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in Saint Louis, Missouri, and was put in charge of American DeForest's factory in Jersey City, New Jersey.

International Telegraph Construction Company

Shoemaker soon left American DeForest, joining with Col. John Firth to form his own company, the International Telegraph Construction Company, in Jersey City, New Jersey. In 1905, he constructed a set of radio-controlled naval torpedoes, which, after unsuccessfully trying to interest the U.S. government, were sold to the Japanese navy. By the end of 1906, the U.S. Navy had purchased three land and eighteen shipboard transmitters from the firm, and the company's equipment was "regarded as the best of its time by naval radio operators". Shoemaker's company also produced high voltage transmitting and variable receiver condensers, and wave meters and other measuring instruments.

United Wireless Telegraph Company

In late 1906, the American DeForest company was reorganized as the United Wireless Telegraph Company, but it continued to use some equipment originally designed by Shoemaker. In July 1908 United Wireless president Christopher Columbus Wilson engineered Shoemaker's return by the expedient of buying a controlling interest in International Telegraph company stock, and the firm was then merged with United Wireless operations, which was the largest in the United States at this time. Shoemaker become Chief Engineer of United Wireless, and his factory began to produce equipment designed for its installations.

In 1909 he was elected as one of the vice presidents of the newly formed The Wireless Institute of New York City, and in 1912 became a founding member of Institute of Radio Engineers.

Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America

In 1912, United Wireless went bankrupt and was taken over by the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America (American Marconi), which inherited the status as largest commercial radio firm in the United States. At American Marconi, Shoemaker's job title was Research Engineer, reporting to Chief Engineer Frederick Stammis. Shoemaker brought over the equipment designs he had developed at United Wireless, and continued as the primary designer for Marconi equipment used in the United States.

Mallory companies
In late 1916, P. R. Mallory formed the Liberty Electric Corporation to manufacture radio transmitters and receivers for the U.S. government during World War One, and hired Shoemaker to be the company's Chief Engineer. At the close of the war, Mallory formed the Independent Wireless Telegraph Company, with Shoemaker continuing to act as Chief Engineer until the Radio Corporation of America purchased the company in 1925. When P. R. Mallory moved the manufacturing activities from New York City to Indiana, Shoemaker resigned and remained in the east doing independent consulting. In May 1932 he was again employed by P. R. Mallory and Company, to conduct research work on dry plate rectifiers at the laboratory of Samuel Ruben (the founder of Duracell Battery) in New Rochelle, New York.

Death
On August 23, 1932, Harry Shoemaker suffered a cerebral hemorrhage at his work site, and died at the age of 53. He was survived by his wife and two children. The opening sentence of his obituary in the Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers stated that "Radio engineering and radio engineers owe a great deal to Harry Shoemaker."

Patents

References

External links
Wireless Communication in the United States (Harry Shoemaker section) by Thorn L. Mayes, 1989, pages 209–215.
History of Communications-Electronics in the United States Navy by Captain L.S. Howeth, USN (retired), 1963.
  Maver's Wireless Telegraphy: Theory and Practice by William Maver, Jr., 1904. New York: Maver Pub.

American inventors
1932 deaths
1879 births
Radio pioneers


Kékestető TV Tower () is a  tall multifunctional transmitter built of reinforced concrete on the  high Kékes mountain, Hungary. It is also an observation tower, including a restaurant.

History
The first 20.4-metre high observation tower was built in 1889 and demolished in 1938. The present-day TV tower was built in 1981.

Transmitted channels

Radio stations

Television channels

References

Radio masts and towers in Hungary
Towers in Hungary
Towers completed in 1981
Observation towers
Restaurant towers
1981 establishments in Hungary
Buildings and structures in Heves County


Evenus coronata, the crowned hairstreak, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found from southern Mexico up to Ecuador in a wide coastal area.

The wingspan can range up to 60 mm in males. Evenus coronata is a large, neotropical hairstreak butterfly.

References

Eumaeini
Taxa named by William Chapman Hewitson
Butterflies described in 1865
Butterflies of Central America
Lycaenidae of South America
Butterflies of North America


MY QI-Meritus.Mahara is a Malaysian motor racing team, primarily competing in the GP2 Asia Series. The team is owned by Peter Thompson and Firhat Mokhzani, and managed by engineer Sean Thompson. The team was founded as Marlboro Castrol Meritus in 1996.

F4 SEA is a one-team arrive and drive championship, run by MERITUS.GP. A premium race engineering services provider, MERITUS.GP have 36 Championship titles competing in GP2, Lamborghini Super Trofeo, Formula Renault V6, Formula Masters and Formula BMW.
MERITUS.GP drivers like Earl Bamber, Luca Fillipi, Alex Yoong, Afiq Ikhwan, Narain Karthikeyan, Alexander Rossi, Takuma Sato, Jazeman Jaafar & Rio Haryanto have gone on to Formula 1, Le Mans and Indy Car.

Results

GP2 Asia Series
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Timeline

References

External links

Auto racing teams in Malaysia
GP2 Series teams
Formula BMW teams
British Formula Three teams
Auto racing teams established in 1983
1983 establishments in the United Kingdom


Ada Carrasco (14 September 1912 – 5 April 1994) was a Mexican film and television actress.

Early life
Carrasco was born in Mexico City, the daughter of Honorato Carrasco, an engineer, and the opera star Ada Navarrete.

Career
Carrasco started her career as an actress in 1952, and went on to make over 38 soap operas, including Los Ricos También Lloran, with Verónica Castro in 1979, Rosa Salvaje in 1987, De Frente al Sol in 1992, Más Allá del Puente in 1994, and finally, her last soap opera was made in 1994 in Marimar with Thalía.

She died of a heart attack on 5 April 1994.

She is also known for various film appearances from Two Mules for Sister Sara (1970) where she  opposite Clint Eastwood and Shirley Maclean, to OK Mister Pancho (1981) where she starred as a woman who travels to the United States with María Elena Velasco's character of La India María.

Personal life
Ada Carrasco's younger sister Queta Carrasco also was an actress as well as Ada's daughter Malena Doria. Ada Carrasco is the Grandmother of Andrea Rodríguez and producer Magda Rodríguez, therefore great-grandmother of the actress Andrea Escalona.

Selected filmography

Tres hombres en mi vida (1952)
Forbidden Fruit (1953) - Señora Luz María Gómez (uncredited)
Women Who Work (1953) - Espectadora defile de modas (uncredited)
The Photographer (1953) - Enfermera (uncredited)
El buen ladrón (1957)
Alma de acero (1957) - Doña Soledad de Gallardo
The Bravados (1958) - Sra. Parral (uncredited)
Mysteries of Black Magic (1958) - Espectadora nerviosa
Kermesse (1959) - Doña Rita
Nazarin (1959) - Josefa
Manicomio (1959) - Lola
Sonatas (1959) - Nana
El puma (1959) - Doña Luisa
A tiro limpio (1960) - Doña Luisa
El tesoro de Chucho el Roto (1960) - Blanca viuda de Villalta
Tin Tan y las modelos (1960) - Tía Eulalia (uncredited)
Simitrio (1960) - Mamá de Simitrio (uncredited)
Sobre el muerto las coronas (1961) - Tía de Marina
La Leona (1961, TV Series)
Juventud sin Dios (La vida del padre Lambert) (1962) - Madre de Andres
Los secretos del sexo débil (1962)
El tejedor de milagros (1962) - Doña Agustina
Atrás de las nubes (1962) - Beata chismosa (uncredited)
Un tipo a todo dar (1963) - Abuela
Casa de huéspedes (1964)
El señor doctor (1965) - Doña Lola
Los Cuervos están de luto (1965) - Esposa de Acasio
Especialista en chamacas (1965)
Maria Isabel (1966, TV Series) - Chona
El barón Brakola (1967) - Aurora
Si quiero (1967) - Mamá de novia
Los años verdes (1967)
Novias impacientes (1967)
El juicio de los hijos (1967, TV Series)
Santo vs. the Villains of the Ring (1968) - Maquilladora (uncredited)
Los recuerdos del porvenir (1969)
El libro de piedra (1969) - Paulina
La casa de las muchachas (1969)
Two Mules for Sister Sara (1970) - Juan's Mother
Simplemente vivir (1970) - María
Una vez, un hombre... (1971)
Temporada salvaje (1971)
Elena y Raquel (1971)
Lucía Sombra (1971, TV Series) - Campesina
Mi mesera (1973)
Renzo, el gitano (1973)
Me caí de la nube (1974) - Doña María
La casa de Bernarda Alba (1974, TV Movie) - Josefa, la abuela
El elegido (1977) - Madre de Andres
La puerta falsa (1977)
Balún Canán (1977) - La tullida
Las mariposas disecadas (1978) - Gloria / Maid
El cuatro dedos (1978)
Los amantes frios (1978) - Doña Chona (segment "El Soplador del vidrio")
Pedro Páramo (1978) - Madre de Pedro Páramo
Los triunfadores (1978) - Mamá de Fernando
Ardiente secreto (1978, TV Series)
La India blanca (1979) - Doña Juana, madre de Rutilo
Los Ricos También Lloran (1979, TV Series) - Felipa
Dos hermanos murieron (1980)
Hijos de tigre (1980) - Doña Chonita
El gatillo de la muerte (1980)
Pistoleros famosos (1981) - Lucio's Mother
Okey, Mister Pancho (1981) - Mujer inmigrante
Fuego en el mar (1981) - Rosario
La combi asesina (1982) - Daniela
Bianca Vidal (1982, TV Series) - Vicenta
Un hombre llamado el diablo (1983)
Fieras en brama (1983) - Nana
Maldita miseria (1983) - Doña Cholita
Lazos de sangre (1983)
El regreso del carro rojo (1984) - Dona Amalia
El criminal (1985)
Pistoleros famosos II (1986)
Tierra de rencores (1986)
Rosa Salvaje (1987, TV Series) - Carmen
Amor en silencio (1988, TV Series) - Ada
El gran relajo mexicano (1988)
Maton de rancho (1988)
Central camionera (1988)
Mi segunda madre (1989, TV Series) - Dolores
El chácharas (1989)
One Man Out (1989) - Peasant Lady
Atrapados (1990)
Amor de nadie (1990, TV Series) - Cony (1990)
Con el amor no se juega (1991) - Sirvienta
Como Agua Para Chocolate (1992) - Nacha
Jefe de vigilancia (1992)
De frente al sol (1992, TV Series) - Lich
Mas allá del puente (1993) - Doña Ema
Marimar (1994, TV Series) - Mamá Cruz (final appearance)

External links

1912 births
1994 deaths
Actresses from Mexico City
Mexican telenovela actresses
20th-century Mexican actresses
Mexican film actresses


Pandit Nalin Vilochan Sharma (18 February 1916 – 12 September 1961) was a professor of Hindi Literature in University of Patna. He started the Nakenwad movement in Hindi literature. He was the son of Mahamahopadhyaya Pandit Ram Avatar Sharma and was born in a Bhumihar Brahmin family of scholars and pursued the same path of scholarship becoming the professor of Hindi Literature in University of Patna.

Early life
Nalin Vilochan Sharma, or Nalin Vilochan Sharma, was born in Patna on 18 February 1916. He was the fourth child and eldest son of his father, Ramavtar Sarma. From an early age, Nalin's father taught him such Sanskrit classics as the Amarkosh, Kalidas's Meghdoot and Suryashatakam. Ramavtar Sharma always maintained that filling a child's mind with as much knowledge as possible would sustain him through his adult life and all he would have to do then would be to pick the words out as he wanted and use them when he or she liked. Ramavtar died when his son was just twelve- or thirteen-years-old, leaving his eldest sister, Indumati as his closest guardian and guide.
He married Punjabi painter Kumud Sharma who survived him and had one son with her.

Career
Sharma joined Patna University as a lecturer in the Hindi department – same department his father had helped build.
Nalin had a critical and explorative mind and he was well versed in European literature. In Europe as well as India, Marxist poetry had swept the stage with an immensity that overwhelmed academia. In India the Chayavaad style of writing verse had dominated the scene between 1918 and 1936 when it started yielding place to Pragativaad, or progressive poetry, between 1936 and 1950. The 1950s brought with it a new trend in thinking – a search for a middle path, an equilibrium, an understanding – and into this stepped Nalin Vilochan Sarma with his Nakenwad.

Sharma was a revolutionary with a strange propensity, deeply influenced by western thought and literature. He believed that the raw material of poetry should be drawn from the immediate past, the surrounding present, not necessarily the classic era. He believed that poetry is an inner force which could be enriched in its expression through symbols around us. In 1943, Agyeya had written his Tar Saptak in which he had included seven poets including Muktibodh, Bharat Bhushan Agrawal, Prabhakar Machve, Girija Kumar Mathur. Each of these represented some new poetical style, mostly experimental. This style came to be known as Prayogvaad.

Nalin's thinking signifies a positive influence of Agyeya and his Tar Saptak. He believed that in poetry, words, music, rhythm and play of intonation mattered, and that the technique and diction of poetry mattered more than the content. This went against the established philosophy of poetics which had dominated Indian poetry, a philosophy which emphasised that content was of the greatest significance in poetry.
Through Nakenvaad, (three poets had combined their work, Nalin, Kesari and Naresh, hence Naken) Nalin sought to extend his philosophy that words, if exact, rhythmic and lyrical in quality, could lend to poetry what words propped around subject could not.

He also contended that the language of poetry flowed in close proximity with prose, that poetry and prose supplemented and enriched each other. They were in no way contrary or opposed to each other. Nalin was a leader, a non-conformist. He advocated use of commonplace language like William Wordsworth did and maintained that the choice of words in Hindi literature had taken on nuances of artificiality as if finding the right words had become a labour. Thus, he maintained that the chasm between prose and poetry was likewise artificial. The trio of Nakenvaad had used syllables in staccatto arrangement—Kul-kat-ta-Pun-jab-Mail—or the Calcutta Punjab Mail. Similar arrangements appear in his book on Nakenvaad appearing in a vertical order using one syllable to a sentence. This he said lent a descriptive rhythm to the train he wrote about and made it onomatopoetical in nature.

This technique had already been tried out by E E Cummings in 1926–27 and by French poets in the 1930s, evoking great appreciation from some quarters and bitter criticism from others. But Nalin maintained that to keep Hindi literature alive and growing it was essential to incorporate the latest trends from English and French poetical experiments.

Simplicity was Nalin's forte and he retained extensively the use of Sanskrit words, traditional concepts and images from daily life.
Nalin Vilochan Sarma also left his mark as a dramatist. His unique contribution was the introduction of the chamber drama. One immortal work of his is entitled Bibbo ka Bibbok. Bibbok is a word derived from Sanskrit dramatology and is a little-known form of drama while Bibbo is the heroine's name, derived from that. But it was as a short story writer that Nalin attained his literary peak. He used to say that writing a good short story was a 'krichh sadhana' or walking along the edge of a sword. The time that Nalin made a mark as a short story writer was when post-Freudian psycho-analysis had not made its mark in Hindi writing. And when Nalin introduced the physical reality in its frailest of sublime aspects it sent shock-waves round the world.

However, it will be as a pioneering critic that Nalin Vilochan Sarma will always be remembered. In his immortal Maapdand he brought into use the newest modes of critical appreciation from the west—France and England—and juxtaposed them in the most natural manner with ancient traditional style and in doing so enriched Hindi literature immensely. He dedicated his Maapdand to his eldest sister's husband, K D Tewari, of whom he was an ardent admirer.

The confidence that Nalin had in his erudition was mammoth. Once, when a colleague suggested he should take the examinations for the title of Mahamahopadhyaya, he casually replied, 'But who will check my paper?' He died soon after, on 12 September 1961. (An article entitled Legend in his Lifetime by Shruti Shukla was published in The Hindustan Times, Patna Edition on 19 October 1991)

Nakenwad
Among the numerous schools of poetry which sprang up in the 1950s was Nakenwad, a school deriving its nomenclature from the first letters of the names of its three pioneers – Nalin Vilochan Sharma, Kesari Kumar and Sri Naresh (Narbadeshwar Prasad Sinha), all poets of note in their own right. Apart from being a poet, Nalin Vilochan was also a brilliant critic, with a wide perspective on literary history. His critical attitude is marked by a synthesis or co-ordination of various disciplines of human knowledge – philosophy, history, art and culture, all pressed into the service of literary appraisal and analysis.

Works
 Drishtikon – (Sahitya kala manovigyan sambandhi aalochna), Pustak Bhandar, Patna, 1947.
 Jagjivan Ram: A Biography, 1954.
 Naken ke Prapadya (Kesari kumar aur Naresh ke sath Prapadyavadi kavitaon ka sankalan), Motilal Banarsidass, Patna, 1956.
 Sahitya ka Itihaas Darshan, Bihar Hindi Rashtrabhasha Parishad, 1960.
 Satrah asangrahit purv choti kahaniya (Kahani sankalan), Abhigyan Prakashan, Ranchi, 1960.
 Swarna Manjusha, Motilal Banarsidass,

Books published after death
 Mandand (Alochna aur anusandhan), Motilal Banarsidass, 1963.
 Hindi Upanyas: visheshtah Premchand (Itihas aur alochna), Gyanpith private limited, Patna, 1968.
 Naken −2 (Kavita sangraha), Parijat Prakashan, 1981.
 Sahitya: Tatva aur alochna (Itihas, alochna aur shodh), Anupam Prakashan, Patna, 1995.

Edited works
 Lokkatha kosh, Bihar Hindi Rashtrabhasha Parishad, 1959.
 Lok Sahitya: Aakar Sahitya Suchi, Bihar Hindi Rashtrabhasha Parishad, 1959.
 Lokgatha Parichay, Bihar Hindi Rashtrabhasha Parishad, 1959.
 Prachin hastlikhit pothion ka vivran, Bihar Hindi Rashtrabhasha Parishad, 1959.
 Sadal Mishra granthavali, Bihar Hindi Rashtrabhasha Parishad, 1960.
 Lalachdas krit Haricharit (incomplete), Sahitya(Varsh 9 Ank 3; Varsh 10 Ank 3; Varsh 11, Ank 1) aur Parishad Patrika (Varsh 1 ank 1) main prakashit.
 Goswami Tulsidas, Bihar Hindi Rashtrabhasha Parishad, 1961.

Co-edited works
 Sant Parampara aur Sahitya (Along with Ram Khelavan Rai), Patna, 1960.
 Ayodhya Prasad Khatri Smarak Granth (Along with Shivpujan Sahay)Bihar Hindi Rashtrabhasha Parishad, 1960.

Edited Journals
 Sahitya (traimasik), Shivpujan Sahay aur Nalin Vilochan Sharma (1950 ke prathamank se 1962 ke dwitiyank tak), Bihar Hindi Sahitya Sammelan, Patna.
 Drishtikon (masik), Nalin Vilochan Sharma aur Shivchandra Sharma (February 1948 prathamank se August 1961 ke ank tak), Sharda Prakashan, Patna aur Akhil Bharatiya Hindi Shodh Mandal, Patna.
 Kavita, (dvaimasik), Nalin Vilochan Sharma dwara July 1954 se August 1957 ke ank 3 tak sampadit, Bharatiya Kavya Sansad, Patna.

Anthology
 Nalin Vilochan Sharma: Sankalit Nibandh, National Book Trust, India, 2010.

See also
 List of Indian writers

Notes

References
 Mohan Lal, Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature, Sahitya Akademi, 1992,

Hindi-language poets
Indian male poets
Indian literary critics
Indian male essayists
Indian male journalists
Journalists from Bihar
20th-century Indian journalists
Hindi-language writers
Writers from Patna
1916 births
1961 deaths
20th-century Indian poets
20th-century Indian essayists
Poets from Bihar
20th-century Indian male writers


The Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks Standards Committee (DySPAN-SC), formerly Standards Coordinating Committee 41 (SCC41), and even earlier the IEEE P1900 Standards Committee, is sponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The group develops standards for radio and spectrum management.  Its working groups and resulting standards, numbered in the 1900 range, are sometimes referred to as IEEE 1900.X.

Background

The IEEE P1900 Standards Committee was established in March 2005 jointly by the IEEE Communications Society (ComSoc) and the IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society (EMC). The effort developed supporting standards for radio and dynamic spectrum management.

On March 22, 2007 the IEEE Standards Board approved its reorganization as Standards Coordinating Committee 41 (SCC41), Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN). The IEEE ComSoc and EMC sponsored this effort, as they did for IEEE 1900.
The IEEE 1900 Committee ceased to exist at the inaugural meeting of SCC41 in April 2007. The work of the IEEE 1900.x Working Groups continued under SCC41.
SCC41 voted to be directly answerable to ComSoc in December 2010, and was renamed as IEEE DySPAN-SC. At its December 2010 Meeting, the IEEE Standards Association Standards Board (SASB) approved the transfer of projects to the Communications Society Standards Board.

Overview
DySPAN-SC focuses on Dynamic Spectrum Access and associated technologies. Due to the strong inter-relationships between such topics, it also touches on other areas such as Cognitive Radio.

Working groups
IEEE DySPAN-SC currently oversees the following standards development working groups:

 1900.1 Working Group on Terminology and Concepts for Next Generation Radio Systems and Spectrum Management
 1900.2 Working Group on Recommended Practice for Interference and Coexistence Analysis
 1900.3 Working Group on Recommended Practice for Conformance Evaluation of Software Defined Radio (SDR) Software Modules
 1900.4 Working Group on Architectural Building Blocks Enabling Network-Device Distributed Decision Making for Optimized Radio Resource Usage in Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks
 1900.5 Working Group on Policy Language and Policy Architectures for Managing Cognitive Radio for Dynamic Spectrum Access Applications
 1900.6 Working Group on Spectrum Sensing Interfaces and Data Structures for Dynamic Spectrum Access and other Advanced Radio Communication Systems
 P1900.7 Working Group on Radio Interface for White Space Dynamic Spectrum Access Radio Systems Supporting Fixed and Mobile Operation

Proposed standards have "P" prepended to the name until they are ratified. The first to be published was 1900.2 in July 2008.
Next was 1900.1 on September 26, 2008.
Then 1900.4 was published on February 27, 2009.
Work then began on amendment P1900.4.1a for dynamic spectrum access networks in white space frequency bands, and P1900.4.1 for interoperability between components of the IEEE 1900.4 system.
The 1900.6 standard was published on April 22, 2011, and work began on an amendment 1900.6a.

IEEE 1900.4
The IEEE 1900.4 Working Group is on "Architectural Building Blocks Enabling Network-Device Distributed Decision Making for Optimized Radio Resource Usage in Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks"  It is a working group under the IEEE SCC41.

IEEE 1900.4 was published on February 27, 2009.

There are two projects for the 1900.4 Working Group starting April 2009:

 1900.4a: Standard for Architectural Building Blocks Enabling Network-Device Distributed Decision Making for Optimized Radio Resource Usage in Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks – Amendment: Architecture and Interfaces for Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks in White Space Frequency Bands
 1900.4.1: Standard for Interfaces and Protocols Enabling Distributed Decision Making for Optimized Radio Resource Usage in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Standard Overview
Use cases (cases in which the protocols described by this standard will be used) include:

 Dynamic spectrum assignment
 Dynamic spectrum sharing
 Distributed radio resource usage optimization

History
The protocol was first popularized by various articles, including one on Monday, March 23, 2009.

See also
 IEEE 802.22 standard for Wireless Regional Area Network
 Software-defined radio
 Cognitive radio
 Open spectrum

References

Further reading

Radio technology
Wireless networking standards
IEEE standards


Cabane may refer to:

Cabane de l'A Neuve, mountain hut in the Swiss Alps at 2,735 meters above sea level
Cabane de Saleina, mountain hut in the Swiss Alps at 2,691 meters above sea level
Cabane du Trient, mountain hut in the Swiss alps near the Swiss town of Martigny and the French town of Chamonix
Cabane Giovanni Gnifetti, refuge in the Alps in Aosta Valley, Italy
Cabane Reine Marguerite, mountain hut belonging to the Italian Alpine Club, on the Signalkuppe of Monte Rosa in the Alps
Cabane strut of a biplane aircraft supports the upper wing over the fuselage

People with the surname
Bernard Cabane, French scientist, director in the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS)
Olivia Fox Cabane, American author, public speaker, and the co-founder of Kindearth.tech

See also
Caban (disambiguation)
Cabanes (disambiguation)
Cabannes (disambiguation)


A disaster draft or contingency draft is a disaster recovery plan developed by professional sports leagues to rebuild a team's roster if many players are disabled or killed.

Background

Since the advent of modern mass transportation, there have been accidents that killed all or nearly all members of various sports teams. The 1949 Torino Football Club had only one survivor following a plane crash.  Two teams in the Canadian Football League lost players, returning from an all-star game, in the 1956 crash of Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 810.

Other incidents since then have involved the 1958 Manchester United football team, 1960 Cal Poly football team, 1960 Minneapolis Lakers basketball team (no fatalities), 1961 United States figure skating team, 1970 Wichita State University football team, 1970 Marshall University football team, 1977 University of Evansville basketball team, 1980 United States boxing team, 1993 Zambia national football team, 2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl ice hockey team, 2016 Associação Chapecoense de Futebol team (Brasil), and the 2018 Humboldt Broncos ice hockey team (bus crash).

As a result of these accidents, some professional sports leagues have developed disaster recovery plans should such an incident befall one or more of their teams.

Special procedures
An affected team is expected to replace players using the minor leagues and by signing free agents. Each league, however, has established procedures to decide whether an accident is of sufficient scale to activate contingency plans to help rebuild an affected team's roster, typically involving a special draft.

Major League Baseball
Major League Baseball's disaster plan is covered in Rule 19 of The Official Professional Baseball Rules Book. The plan is triggered by an event causing the death, dismemberment, or permanent disability of at least five players from a team's active, injured, or suspended roster during a season (including the playoffs), or at least six players during the off-season. Major League Baseball's commissioner will decide if the disabled club can continue play, in consultation with the MLB Players' Association and the club.

If the commissioner decides that the disabled club will continue to play, the commissioner may hold a Restocking Draft to allow the disabled club to select as many players as it lost, with the restriction that no more than one player can be selected from each team. Each of the non-disabled teams makes five players available for the draft taken from its active list (or if during the off-season, from its reserve list), composed of one pitcher, one catcher, one outfielder, one infielder, and one more player of any position, subject to adjustments by the commissioner based on the players lost by the disabled club. If a team has fewer than three eligible catchers, it does not have to provide a catcher to the draft. The non-disabled teams also are required to make available as many players with 60 or more days of Major League service time as of 31 August of the season preceding such draft as the number of such players lost by the disabled team. Any player with no-trade rights with regards to the disabled team may not be made available unless the player waives the right.

If the commissioner decides that the disabled club cannot continue play, the commissioner will cancel the disabled club's season. The commissioner and Players' Association can also agree upon other appropriate relief for a disabled club. Major League Baseball's first expansion drafts of the early 1960s were based largely on the procedures first set out for the disaster draft.

National Basketball Association
The National Basketball Association (NBA) contingency plan activates if five or more players on a team "die or are dismembered". A special "disaster draft" would be held in which other NBA teams could only protect five players, so that quality sixth men would be available. No more than one player would be drafted from a team.

National Football League
The National Football League (NFL)'s contingency plan provides for both a "near-disaster" and a "disaster". A "near-disaster" is defined as fewer than 15 players on a team being disabled, and a "disaster" is 15 or more.

No special draft would be held for a "near-disaster"; the team would instead get preferential rights on any waivers until the end of the season. If a quarterback is among the fewer than 15 lost, the team would be able to draft up to two quarterbacks from all NFL teams with three available. Each team would be able to protect two, and the drafted quarterbacks would return to their original teams in the following season.

For a "disaster", the commissioner would determine whether to cancel the team's schedule for the season. If the team's season is canceled, the team would have the first pick in the next regular draft; a special draft would also be held in which each team would be able to protect 32 players. If not canceled, the "near-disaster" procedures would be used.

National Hockey League
The National Hockey League (NHL) contingency plan activates if five or more players on a team "are killed or disabled". The team would select players from other NHL teams, paying with funds from a special insurance fund. Once its roster has one goaltender and 14 other players, a special draft involving the teams unaffected by the earlier selection could be held, with each team able to protect one goaltender and 10 other players.

Major League Soccer
Within its roster regulations, Major League Soccer has what it refers to as an "extreme hardship" provision, which can be used if "a team has less than 15 available players". However, this is a mechanism intended to be used on a "game-by-game basis", and any contingency plans that may exist for a disaster draft scenario are not public.

Kontinental Hockey League
The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) contingency plan was implemented after the 2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash that killed the team's entire traveling roster. In the policy, each team makes three players eligible for the disaster draft, with the team that suffered the disaster being able to call up five players from its farm teams. There is no mention of a goaltender minimum for the draft, unlike the NFL disaster draft on quarterbacks or NHL disaster draft on goaltenders, or a mention of a team being able to surrender only one player, unlike other leagues, in the draft. Until 2016, the afflicted team would have had have a spot in the draft lottery, thus guaranteeing that the team would have picked at least as high as 4th overall in the next KHL Junior Draft and it would also have been able to protect any player it wants for the next five entry drafts.

References

Drafts (sports)
Sports rules and regulations
Draft


The Big Durian is a nickname given to more than one place:

 Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay, Singapore, which has two large ovoid buildings that resemble durians
 The official nickname of Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia
 The Big Durian (film)
 The Big Durian (sculpture), a sculpture located at the centre of the roundabout in Kampot, Cambodia

See also
 Durian


Eurema mexicana, the Mexican yellow, sometimes called the wolf-face sulphur, is a North and South American butterfly in the family Pieridae. It occurs mainly in Mexico but occasionally is found in central and southwestern United States and rarely in Canada.

Description

The upperside of the wings is pale yellow with a black forewing submarginal border outlining a "dog" or "wolf-face" pattern.  The hindwing has a small outer margin black border.  The male has a bright yellow patch on the leading edge of the hindwing.  The underside of the wings is pale yellow in summer individuals and pale yellow with reddish markings or all reddish pink in winter individuals.  The hindwing is sharply pointed.  The wingspan measures  to  inches (32–57 mm).

Similar species
Similar species in the Mexican yellow's range include Boisduval's yellow (Eurema boisduvaliana) and the Salome yellow (Eurema salome).

Boisduval's yellow is smaller and brighter yellow, the male has a weaker "dog face" pattern, the female has reduced black on the upper side, and the hindwing is less sharply pointed.

The Salome yellow is brighter yellow, has more limited black on the upperside, and the underside of the hindwing has a round reddish spot near the trailing edge.

Habitat
The Mexican yellow lives in a variety of open habitats such as woodland edges, open woodlands, and desert grasslands.

Flight
This butterfly may be seen almost all year in Arizona and Texas, and April to November in New Mexico.  It strays northward in late summer, rarely reaching Canada.

Life cycle
Males will patrol all day looking for females.  The larva is green with a middorsal creamy or yellow stripe and a lateral yellow stripe.  The Mexican yellow has 3-4 broods per year.

Host plants
Here is a list of host plants used by the Mexican yellow:

 New Mexican locust, Robinia neomexicana
 Fern acacia, Acacia angustissima
 Prairie acacia, Acacia angustissima var. hirta
 Cassia species
 Diphysa robinoides.

References

Mex
Butterflies of North America
Butterflies of Central America
Pieridae of South America
Lepidoptera of Brazil
Lepidoptera of Colombia
Lepidoptera of Ecuador
Lepidoptera of Venezuela
Fauna of the Amazon
Butterflies described in 1836
Taxa named by Jean Baptiste Boisduval


Lithophane semibrunnea, the tawny pinion, is a moth of the Noctuoidea family. It is found in scattered populations in North Africa, central and southern Europe and Asia Minor.

Technical description and variation

The wingspan is 40–44 mm. Forewing dull wood brown, the inner-marginal half suffused with black brown, blackest on inner margin and in outer half of submedian interspace; veins marked with black scales; lines indistinct; the outer marked by pairs of black dots on veins and a white crescent on submedian fold; the submarginal line by a slighter one; hindwing greyish brown, paler in male, with the terminal
area darker.

Biology
The moth flies in late autumn.

Larva green; dorsal and subdorsal lines white; spiracular line broad, yellowish white, much varied with white dots and streaks below; head greenish; feeding on ash and other trees. The larvae mainly feed on Fraxinus excelsior.

References

External links

Tawny pinion at UKmoths
Fauna Europaea
Lepiforum.de
Vlindernet.nl

semibrunnea
Moths of Europe
Moths of Asia
Moths of the Middle East
Moths described in 1809
Taxa named by Adrian Hardy Haworth


Frederick Sidney Heath (1865 – after 1890) was an English professional footballer who made 23 appearances in the Football Alliance playing for Small Heath. He played in attack or as a half back.

Heath was born in 1865 in Smethwick, which was then in Staffordshire. He began his football career with Bearwood White Star, Bearwood and Cookham before joining Small Heath in 1889 for a fee of £1. He made his debut on 7 September 1889, the opening day of the inaugural season of the Football Alliance, in a 3–2 home win against local rivals Birmingham St George's, playing at inside left. That season he played in all forward positions apart from inside right and at both left and right half, and the following year played a couple of games at centre half. He went on to play for Stourbridge and Hockley Rose.

References

1865 births
Year of death missing
Footballers from Smethwick
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Men's association football midfielders
Birmingham City F.C. players
Stourbridge F.C. players
Football Alliance players
Date of birth missing
Place of death missing


Bésame  may refer to:

"Bésame Mucho", Spanish-language song written in 1940 by Mexican singer Consuelo Velázquez
Besame Mucho El Musical, jukebox musical featuring bolero songs from the 1920s and 1930s
"Bésame" (Camila song), song recorded by Mexican band Camila for their second album Dejarte de Amar
"Bésame", 2001 song by Ricardo Montaner
"Bésame", 2010 song by Jay Del Alma featuring Münchener Freiheit (band)
"Bésame" (Gian Marco song), 2018 song by Peruvian singer-songwriter Gian Marco for his thirteenth studio album Intuición

See also
"Bésame sin miedo", song recorded by the Mexican group RBD for their third Spanish studio album Celestial
Bésame Tonto, 2003 Spanish-language television soap opera that was produced jointly by Peruvian and Venezuelan producers


Taenaris catops, the silky owl, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in New Guinea and surrounding islands.

The wingspan is 75–95 mm.

The larvae feed on Cordyline terminalis, Musa species, Areca catechu and Caryota rumphiana.

References

Taenaris


Sherab may refer to:

Chetsun Sherab Jungnay, eleventh century Tibetan Abbot and scholar who founded the Shalu Monastery south of Shigatse, Tibet
Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen (1292–1361), Tibetan Buddhist master known as "The Buddha from Dolpo"
Khenchen Palden Sherab, scholar and lama in the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism
Khenpo Sherab Sangpo, trained by Khenpo Petse Rinpoche and Jigme Phuntsok Rinpoche, two of the greatest masters of the Nyingma tradition in recent history
Kunzang Sherab (born 1636), head of Palyul Namgyal Chanchub Choling
Ngok Loden Sherab (1059–1109), important in the transmission of Buddhism from India to Tibet
Sherab Gyeltshen (born c. 1955), a Bhutanese politician and the incumbent Minister for Home and Cultural Affairs
Sherab Lhamo, a leading Bhutanese actress
Sherab Palden Beru (1911–2012), celebrated exiled Tibetan thangka artist who has played a key role in preserving the art-form


Frank J. Macchiarola (April 7, 1941 – December 18, 2012), was an American academic.  His interests and expertise spanned the legal, academic, executive management and public service areas. From 2008 until his death, Macchiarola was the Chancellor of St. Francis College, after having been the college's president from 1996 to 2008.

Education
Macchiarola grew up in Flatbush, Brooklyn, obtained his B.A. in History from St. Francis College in 1962 and subsequently his LL.B. from Columbia Law School and Ph.D. from Columbia University.

Career
Macchiarola held various positions at New York City educational institutions, including Columbia University, Yeshiva University, City College of New York, and St. Francis College. Prior to holding the aforementioned positions at Higher Education institutions, Macchiarola served as the New York City School Chancellor, where he supervised the educational program of over a million students. During that time, 1978–1983, he also was the deputy director of the New York State Emergency Financial Control Board for New York City. Next, Macchiarola was president and chief executive officer of the New York City Partnership, Inc., from 1983 to 1988.

Concurrently, Macchiarola was a faculty member at the City University of New York from 1964 to 1985, where he served at City College of New York, Baruch College, and City University Graduate School, leaving as professor of political science on the doctoral faculty. He served as vice president of the City University Graduate School and as director of the CUNY Urban Academy for Management. From 1988 to 1991, he served as professor of business in Columbia University's Graduate School of Business with teaching and research interests in business law, government regulation of business and nonprofit management. He also served as chair of the advisory committee of the Columbia Business School Community Collaboration and served on doctoral panels in political science and education. He was also a professor of education at Teachers College of Columbia University and has been president of The Academy of Political Science. After leaving Columbia University, Macchiarola served as dean and professor of law at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law of Yeshiva University where he taught Legal Process, Contracts and Legal Writing, from 1991 to 1996. In July 2008, he assumed the position of Chancellor of St. Francis College after being the colleges president from 1996 to 2008.

St. Francis College
During his tenure as President of St. Francis College, Macchiarola oversaw the construction of the Anthony J. Genovesi Athletic Center and the Academic Center which was later renamed to the Frank & Mary Macchiarola Center in his and his wife's honor. He also oversaw the implementation of a 5-year combined Accounting B.S./M.S. program.

Public service
In the public service arena, Macchiarola was appointed in 2003 by Mayor Michael Bloomberg to serve as chair of the New York City Charter Revision Commission. He was also appointed by Governor George Pataki to the New York State Commission on Education Reform, he served as chairman of the New York State Higher Education Services Commission. At Mayor Bloomberg's request, in 2003, Macchiarola mediated the strike of Local 802 Musicians Union against the League of American Theatres and Producers, which had shut down Broadway. He was also chair of the New York City Districting Commission, which drew City Council District lines for the 1991 election and acted as special referee in the case that drew New York State congressional lines for the 1992 election. He was a member of President Jimmy Carter's Impact Aid Commission, New York City Charter Revision Commissions, New York City Campaign Finance Board, New York City Water Board and New York City Tax Study Commission. He was a member of numerous civic boards including the Academy of Political Science, Manhattan Institute, Brooklyn Children's Museum, and New York City Police Department Board of Visitors. Since 2004, he was a  member of the American Bar Association Committee on Law School Accreditation and was a consultant to and director of several corporations, and sat on the board of the Manville Personal Injury Settlement Trust. He served as counsel to the New York State Assembly Committee on Codes and Special Counsel and director of the Housing Study Group of the Scott Commission.

Practice

Macchiarola  served as special counsel to the New York Law firm of Tannenbaum Helpern Syracuse & Hirschtritt LLP.

Politics

Macchiarola self-identified as a Blue Dog Democrat.

Death and commemoration
Macchiarola died in December 2012 from liver cancer. In 2014, the former Sheepshead Bay High School in Brooklyn, NY was renamed in his honor, "the Frank J. Macchiarola Educational Complex".

Publications
He was author of a number of books including three co-written with Thomas Hauser.

References

City College of New York faculty
New York City School Chancellors
Political science educators
Yeshiva University faculty
St. Francis College alumni
Columbia Law School alumni
1941 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from liver cancer
People from Flatbush, Brooklyn
City University of New York faculty
American people of Italian descent
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Brooklyn