General elections were held in Malaysia on Sunday, 5 May 2013. Voting took place in all 222 parliamentary constituencies, each electing one MP to the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament. State elections also took place in 505 state constituencies in 12 of the 13 states (excluding Sarawak) on the same day. The elections were the first since Najib Razak became Prime Minister in 2009.

The unofficial opposition Pakatan Rakyat coalition led by Anwar Ibrahim received a majority of the vote, with its three member parties collectively receiving 50.9% of the vote. However, they won only 89 of the 222 seats. The incumbent governing alliance, Barisan Nasional, received 47.4% of the vote and won 133 seats, giving Najib a second term in office. This was the best performance shown by the opposition against the Barisan Nasional and the first time Barisan Nasional had received less than half the popular vote.

Because Barisan Nasional had won a majority despite receiving fewer votes than the opposition, the elections were followed by protests and accusations of gerrymandering.

Background
The Malaysian Parliament was dissolved on 3 April 2013 by Tuanku Abdul Halim, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on the advice of the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Najib Tun Razak. The Prime Minister made a televised statement announcing the dissolution of the 12th Parliament at 11:30 am local time the same day. Following the dissolution of Parliament, a general election was required to be held within 60 days, between 3 April and 2 June 2013, with the date to be decided by the Election Commission.

On 10 April 2013, the Election Commission of Malaysia announced that nominations for election candidates would be held on 20 April, with the general election set for 5 May. The early voting date of 30 April was also announced by the Election Commission. Official campaigning began on 20 April, which allowed for a 15-day campaigning period. Postal voting for eligible overseas Malaysians was announced to happen on 28 April 2013. Malaysian representative offices would open on that day for this purpose from 9 am to 6 pm local time. Offices in London and Melbourne would close at 8 pm instead, for the number of postal voters registered in those cities exceeded 1,000.

Dissolution of state legislative assemblies
In accordance with Malaysian law, the parliament as well as the legislative assemblies of each state (Dewan Undangan Negeri) would automatically dissolve on the fifth anniversary of the first sitting, and elections must be held within sixty days of the dissolution, unless dissolved prior to that date by their respective Heads of State on the advice of their Heads of Government.

On 28 March 2013, the Negeri Sembilan Legislative Assembly became the first state assembly to dissolve automatically in Malaysian history. The state government would remain in place as a caretaker government and assembly members' constituency offices would remain open to serve the constituencies' needs.

Following the dissolution of the Federal Parliament, state assemblies that had yet to be dissolved announced their dissolution in quick succession. Below are the dates of which the legislative assemblies of each state were dissolved:

The Sarawak State Legislative Assembly was not dissolved as the last election had been held in 2011 and the term of the state assembly was due to end in 2016. Only parliamentary elections were held there.

Electoral system
The 222 members of the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament, were elected in single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. In the 2013 general election, 11.05 million people voted which was approximately 85 percent of registered voters in total, and it was the highest rate that Malaysia had ever gotten in their electoral history.

Malaysia does not practice compulsory voting and automatic voter registration. Although the age of majority in the country is 18, the voting age is 21. The election was conducted by the Election Commission of Malaysia.

Political parties
Malaysia is one of the most ethnically diverse countries, with a majority Malay population in addition to Chinese and Indian minorities, so the political parties are also diverse. Parties engage ethnic divisions, and conflicts over power play out between political parties that represent specific ethnic groups. According to the author Lim Hong Hai, writing in 2002, "over 80 per cent of Malaysia's population of over 23 million is found in Peninsular Malaysia, where the Malays form the largest ethnic group followed by the Chinese and Indians. All these ethnic groups are minorities in Sabah and Sarawak, where native ethnic groups other than the Malays make up about 60 per cent and 50 per cent of the population, respectively".

The Federation of Malaya was composed of 11 states in the Malay Peninsula that gained independence from Britain in 1957, and two states from the Borneo Island, Sabah and Sarawak which became members of the Federation of Malaya in 1963.

Barisan Nasional
Ruling party, Barisan Nasional (BN) consists of 13 parties and has 137 seats in the parliament. In history, BN has dominated the political framework and easily won each election since the first national vote in 1959.

The incumbent Barisan Nasional coalition returned to power in the 2008 general elections with 140 seats. The opposition parties that would later form the Pakatan Rakyat coalition won a total of 82 seats, thereby denying the BN its two-thirds majority which is required to pass amendments to the Federal Constitution.

Following their losses, then Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi announced on 8 October 2008 that he was stepping down, resigning his post as United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) party leader. A leadership election was held on 26 March 2009, where then Deputy Prime Minister and Prime Minister-designate Najib Tun Razak was elected unopposed as the UMNO party leader. On 2 April 2009, Prime Minister Abdullah tendered his resignation to the Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin (who was the Yang di-Pertuan Agong) which was consented. On 3 April 2009, Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak was sworn in as the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia at the Istana Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in front of Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin.

Pakatan Rakyat
Pakatan Rakyat (PR) has 76 seats in the Malaysian Parliament and is composed of three large parties.
Pakatan Rakyat gained control of five out of thirteen state assemblies (has since lost state assembly to BN due to defection in Perak) and 10 of the 11 parliamentary seats in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur.

Former Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia and the Leader of the Opposition Anwar Ibrahim, also the head of Pakatan Rakyat was returned to parliament after a ten-year absence following his victory in the Permatang Pauh by-election. The by-election was triggered when his wife Wan Azizah Wan Ismail resigned from her Permatang Pauh parliamentary seat, allowing Anwar to contest the seat and subsequently return to parliament.

Campaign

Even before the dissolution of Parliament, both the incumbent BN and Pakatan Rakyat brought up a number of issues and incentives to be given to the Malaysian electorate to gain a decisive advantage during the election. Both coalitions released separate election manifestos dealing with issues such as minimum wage, taxation, assistance to small-medium industries, racial relations and financial assistance to the poor. The 2013 elections also saw a number of new measures introduced that are intended to improve the electoral process.

Election firsts
Since the 2008 general election a Parliament Select Committee was formed to make recommendations to improve the country's electoral process. The general election in 2013 brought about the introduction of Indelible ink to prevent voters from voting more than once. The indelible ink was mooted for use during the elections in 2008 but was scrapped by the Election Commission at the last minute. However, it was a source of controversy as reports of voters claiming that the indelible ink could be easily washed off were circulated in the media.

There was also advanced voting for civil servants and military personnel in place of postal voting. This was partly in response to protests by election watchdog groups and opposition parties that the previous voting procedures were not transparent and prone to manipulation.

The Election Commission introduced for the first time postal voting for Malaysians who resided overseas. However, these came with conditions, among them being that overseas Malaysians have to have been in Malaysia a number of times in the last five years. Overseas Malaysians residing in Singapore, southern Thailand, Brunei or Kalimantan in Indonesia were also not qualified to register as postal voters but had to return to their constituency if they were to cast their ballots.

The EC also permitted the disabled to bring along an assistant into the polling booth to aid them in the voting process.

Barisan Nasional
When Najib took over from Abdullah Badawi, he began enlarging the budget of the Prime Minister's Department, where he appointed Koh Tsu Koon to be in charge of the Government Transformation Programme (GTP), which includes monitoring the performance of ministries and six national key result areas (NKRAs) through Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).
He also appointed the former CEO of Malaysia Airlines Idris Jala to help monitor the implementation of the KPIs in the form of the government's Performance Management and Delivery Unit (Pemandu).

Najib's administration also introduced the slogan 1Malaysia in which he called for the embracing all Malaysians of various ethnic groups, national unity and efficient governance. This became public policy, involving various initiatives like the introduction of Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia's discount grocery stores to help the poor, 1Malaysia clinics providing free basic medical services and free email accounts (1Malaysia Email) for the Malaysian populace. His administration also began the distribution of financial aid to Malaysian households earning less than RM3,000 called 1Malaysia People's Aid or Bantuan Rakyat 1Malaysia (BR1M). A second round of BR1M financial allocations were made out in February 2013 totalling RM2.6 billion.

Another issue that arose was UMNO endorsing controversial candidates from the Malay right-wing group Perkasa to contest in the upcoming elections such as Zulkifli Noordin and Ibrahim Ali. Although Ibrahim Ali contested the Pasir Mas parliamentary seat as an independent candidate, the BN candidate who was supposed to challenge Ibrahim Ali did not file his nomination papers. The Pasir Mas parliamentary seat was the only seat without a BN candidate in this election.

During the election campaign, Muhyiddin Yassin, the incumbent Deputy Prime Minister had called for Malay Muslims to fight the alleged spread of LGBT movements and freedom of religion among the Malays. Furthermore, Najib has said that his government will defend the prohibition of the usage of the word 'Allah' by non-Muslims, which is currently being challenged in court.

BN manifesto
The national BN manifesto pledges the following commitments to be realised within the next 5 years if and when they secure a mandate to form the next Malaysian government:

 Increasing financial assistance BR1M 2015 online to RM1200 for households and RM600 for singles annually
 Increasing 1Malaysia Book Vouchers to RM300 and Schooling Aid to RM150
 Gradually reduce car prices by 20–30%
 Increase the competitiveness of national cars
 Increase the number of Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia
 Introduce 1Malaysia products in petrol stations and hypermarkets
 Open 1Malaysia clinics in high density housing communities
 Set up more 1Malaysia Day Care Centers
 Lower broadband fees by at least 20% with guaranteed bandwidth
 Introduce a 1Country 1Price policy for essential goods
 Introduce more 1Malaysia products

 Set up a new Ministry to address urban economic and social challenges
 Increase representation of NGOs and civil society in local government
 Rehabilitate low cost houses and flats in cities
 Undertake the maintenance of public housing infrastructure
 Provide quality public housing, catering to the needs of the younger generation
 Provide recreational areas and facilities in urban centres
 Ensure sufficient educational, training and healthcare services and facilities
 Improve the transport links between urban centres and their surrounds
 Open more temporary shelters for the homeless in high demand areas

 Build 1,000,000 affordable homes including 500,000 PR1MA houses
 Pricing PR1MA houses at 20% below market prices or cheaper
 Introduce a lease and own scheme for Government housing projects
 Revive abandoned housing projects
 Assist poor home owners to rehabilitate their houses
 Replace squatter settlements with permanent housing
 Improve housing in estates and providing houses for former estate workers
 Abolish stamping fees for first home purchases below RM400,000

 Provide every Malaysian with access to quality healthcare
 Establish a Heart Centre and Cancer Centre in 6 locations (4 in Peninsular Malaysia, 1 each for Sabah and Sarawak)
 Provide public facilities for dialysis treatment in every high-density area
 Provide discounted prices of specific medications for Malaysians with special needs
 Introduce a support system for palliative home care for the aged and terminally ill

 Expand the Rapid Bus System to every state capital, with facilities for the aged and disabled
 Continue expansion of rail systems
 Build integrated bus, rail and taxi terminals in all towns and cities
 Re-route buses to ensure more efficient and accessible services
 Increase individual taxi permits
 Implement a national high-speed rail and expand the double-tracked railway system

 Rapidly expand the North-South Expressway with more lands and exits
 Build a Pan Borneo Highway from Semantan, Sarawak to Serudung, Sabah
 Extend the East Coast Highway from Kuala Krai – Kota Bharu & Gambang – Segamat
 Build a West Coast Highway from Banting to Taiping
 Reduce intra-city tolls
 Implement the 21st Century Village concept
 Build more paved roads (6,300 km in Peninsular Malaysia, 2,500 km in Sabah and 2,800 km in Sarawak)
 Solve the water supply problems in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Kelantan
 Extend supply of clean water to another 320,000 homes
 Expand electricity supply to another 146,000 homes
 Compel service providers to ensure quality mobile phone services

 Attract RM1.3 trillion of investments
 Create 3.3 million new jobs, two million of which will be in high-income sectors
 Build towards a per capita income of US$15,000 by year 2020
 Provide special incentives for innovative and creative ventures
 Implement policies that are fair and equitable to all races in Malaysia
 Enhance the effectiveness of the Bumiputra agenda
 Allocate more land and increase productivity of land for food and livestock production
 Reform the tax structure to reduce personal and corporate tax
 Continue special funding exceeding 20% of oil and gas revenue to oil and gas producing states
 Establish a National Trading Company to source overseas markets for SME products
 Create & promote more global and regional champions
 Divesting non-strategic GLCs and increasing outsourcing programmes for Bumiputra companies
 Provide RM500 million in seed funds to increase the equity of the Indian community to at least 3%
 Set up a special unit to ensure successful implementation of policies for the Indian community
 Increase access to microcredit for all Malaysians, including RM100 million for hawkers and petty traders

 Bring Malaysia into the "top third category" of the best education systems in the world
 Improve the command of Bahasa Malaysia and English among students
 Make English a compulsory SPM pass subject
 Improve access to quality education for rural and minority communities
 Provide more merit-based scholarships
 Continue special allocations to all types of schools
 Expand Single Session Schooling
 Revamp Teacher Training Colleges & raise the qualification bar for trainee teachers
 Introduce a simplified teaching and learning system for Bahasa Malaysia in Chinese and Tamil schools
 Build more schools of all types
 Enhance performance in Mathematics and Science
 Provide financial incentives of RM100,000 for schools with classes for special needs children
 Convert SJKTs that wish to change status into fully aided schools
 Set up ICT labs in all schools that require them
 Transform vocational schools into colleges and increase enrolment to 20% of student population
 Expand pre-school education to cover all types of schools
 Provide new career pathways for fast tracking promotion of 420,000 teachers
 Provide free WiFi on all public institution campuses
 Introduce a laptop ownership scheme in schools

 Add four thousand police personnel per year
 Strengthen the Motorcycle Patrol Unit by 5000 vehicles
 Enhance the total capability of the Armed Forces
 Strengthen the Police Commission
 Use the 6P system to curb the influx of illegal foreigners
 Create the SafeCam Programme to link up private and public CCTV systems
 Expansion of CCTV monitoring for high traffic public areas
 Introduce security initiatives in public housing schemes
 Enrol an additional 50,000 Police Volunteer Reserves

 Increase the number of women in national decision-making
 Promote gender equality
 Provide more business and income opportunities for women
 Create for incentives for work-from-home initiatives
 Open 1Malaysia Daycare centres in all GLCs and Government Offices
 Tighten laws regarding sexual abuse and harassment in homes and at work

 Provide funding, training and incentives for youth-centric commercial ventures
 Provide commercial space for youths to exhibit & market creative products and services
 Establish incubators to nurture leadership and creativity
 Provide more free WiFi hotspots in rural and semi-urban areas
 Produce more high performance athletes & promoting a healthy lifestyle
 Revisit laws pertaining to entertainment to promote performing arts & culture

 Streamline and improve safety net assistance
 Provide financial assistance & educational opportunities for lower income earners
 Turn Brickfields into a blind-friendly zone
 Set up special courts to deal with Native Customary Rights (NCR) issues
 Gazette all native customary land in consultation with State Governments
 Provide more income generating opportunities within indigenous communities
 Provide funds for registered NGOs and Civil Society Movements

 Uphold Islam as the religion of the Federation
 Promote the Syiar & Syariat of Islam in accordance with the principles of Maqasia Syariah
 Ensure other religions can be practised in peace and harmony
 Assign jurisdiction over non-Muslim matters to a Minister
 Practise moderation in all undertakings
 Increase initiatives in uniting the ummah
 Unlock income from developing wakaf land in co-operation with State Religious Authorities
 Increase tax exemptions for contributions to construction, expansion and upkeep of places of worship
 Continue to allocate land for building places of worship
 Provide more financial assistance to religious institutions & places of worship
 Improve the welfare of Imam, mosque officials & Guru-Guru Kafa
 Upgrade the quality of and provide financial assistance to Sekolah Agama Rakyat

 Publicly disclose contracts to enhance transparency in Government procurement
 Establish a Service Commission in MACC
 Elevate the Head & Senior Officers of the MACC to a higher level
 Give equal emphasis on investigations into bribe givers and receivers
 Fast track access to the Auditor-General's Performance Audit Report
 Establish additional special corruption Sessions and High Courts
 Implement integrity pacts for MPs and State Assemblymen

 Introduce the Transformative Salary Scheme for civil servants
 Include more opportunities for promotion and development in the civil service
 Extend the tenure of contract officers and appointing them who are competent
 Expand Urban Transformation Centres to all major cities and towns
 Mobilize and empower the civil service
 Improve counter services through appointment of multi-racial frontliners and expanding on-line services
 Introduce recruitment programmes to ensure a fair mix of all races in civil service
 Enhance the potential, capacity & capability of all civil servants
 Give special attention to the disabled

 Fight for the establishment of a Palestinian state
 Support the realisation of ASEAN as an economic community by 2015
 Vie for a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council
 Enhance economic & bilateral interests with major trading partners
 Take the lead in fighting trans-national crimes
 Spearhead humanitarian outreach programmes in conflict areas

 Give financial incentives to ventures which invest in renewable green energy
 Allocate more space for green lungs within major cities
 Increase allocations and enact stricter laws to preserve rivers, forests and strategic conservation areas
 Undertake reforestation programmes
 Increase educational programmes to inculcate appreciation of the environment
 Employ green and state of the art technologies in waste disposal & management

Pakatan Rakyat

The opposition Pakatan Rakyat (PR) has remain focused on the good governance of the Malaysian states (Kedah, Penang, Kelantan and Selangor) that they currently control despite not getting full assistance from the federal government One of the points they have made is the strong economic performance of the two states of Penang and Selangor which were reported in the media to have attracted higher business investments compared to other state governments with a BN majority. Some aspects of Pakatan's Election Manifesto is borrowed from their administrative masterplan Buku Jingga. In 2011, Penang and Selangor recorded a total of RM 17.8 billion in investments in the manufacturing sector, slightly more than 30% of the national share.

PR announced its intention to replace the criticised New Economic Policy which they claim was discriminatory and only benefited certain groups of people, such as UMNO-connected individuals. Another main election promise they brought up was to cut the amount of spending wastages and the usage of direct aid to pay for social causes and provide free education around the country. One of the other issues is the Pakatan Rakyat's tussle for control of water company Syabas with the federal government, which has allegedly been mismanaging their operations. They have promised to give free water for the poor and unfortunate in the state of Selangor.

PR also promised to close down the Lynas Advance Materials Plant situated in Kuantan, Pahang if it is deemed unsafe. This received the support of Himpunan Hijau, the green movement opposed to the operations of the Lynas plant, whose chairman, Wong Tack will be contesting in the elections under the DAP banner.

PR also promised to increase the petroleum royalty payments from national oil company Petronas to petroleum-producing states (Pahang, Kelantan, Terengganu, Sabah and Sarawak) in Malaysia, irrespective of the party that forms the next state government.

On 13 April 2013, the Registrar of Societies (ROS) sent a letter to DAP, that due to technical glitches in the party polls, several of DAP's members were requested to attend an inquiry on 18 April 2013. This could have endangered DAP's chance to contest in the general election due to fears that the party might be deregistered. DAP had mulled the intention for their candidates to contest under the banner of PKR and PAS, butreceived assurance from the ROS that their symbol could be used legally during the general elections.

In Sarawak, opposition party DAP had put up election billboards highlighting the issue of murdered Mongolian Altantuyaa Sharibuu, but these billboards were torn down by enforcement officers. Following protests made by local DAP members, it was explained that the election billboards were removed as it depicted a person who was not contesting in the elections.

PR manifesto
The national PR manifesto has outlined the actions they will take if they form the next Malaysian government.

 Eliminate discrimination
 Respect the position of Islam as the official religion, while guaranteeing the freedom of other religions
 Elevate culture as the positive foundation of community living
 Raise from 5% to 20% the royalty payments for oil- and gas-producing states
 Set up a contribution fund for married women, with the government contributing RM50 per month and their husbands contributing RM10 – RM100 per month
 Provide a bonus of RM1,000 annually to each senior citizen aged 60 and above
 Allocate RM220 million annually to 1,854 Sekolah Janaan Rakyat
 Recognize the Unified Examination Certificate (UEC) for admission to tertiary education and as academic qualification for jobs
 Restore the autonomy of Sabah and Sarawak in accordance with the provision of the Federal Constitution
 Ensure equitable power-sharing between Sabah, Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia
 Cleanup of the citizenship registry list and curb the granting of false citizenships
 Set up a Land Commission to investigate, resolve disputes, rejuvenate, study and restore Native Customary Rights to their rightful owners
 Affirm the appointment of Sabahans and Sarawakians to hold offices in the Government
 Raise the level of infrastructure development in Sabah and Sarawak
 Reserve 141,000 ha of Orang Asli land to be returned to them
 Supply clean water and electricity to 852 Orang Asli settlements
 Award a total of 5,000 educational scholarships to Orang Asli children

The following actions have been pledged to be implemented immediately, in accordance with the Kuching Declaration:
 Eliminate the cabotage system that increases the price of household goods in Sabah and Sarawak
 Create investment incentives conditional upon the creation of job opportunities in Sabah and Sarawak
 Establishing two tier-2 oil companies owned by the Governments of Sabah and Sarawak that will join the country's oil and gas industry
 Initiate the construction of highways across Sabah and Sarawak which will connect Kuching to Kota Kinabalu and Kudat
 Halt the construction of dams that destroy the environment and displace the local population from their homes

 Provide one million job opportunities for the people within five years via progressive reduction of foreign workers
 Introduce a minimum wage scheme of RM1,100 per month
 Allocate RM2 billion for automation incentives and grants to eligible companies to facilitate implementation of minimum wage scheme
 Train one million school leavers without higher education under the People's Pioneer Scheme
 Set up five technical universities within ten years
 Build twenty-five new vocational schools throughout the country
 Set up a Royal Commission to study the overall improvement of the education system
 Abolish all laws which are biased and oppressive to the working class
 Provide funding to cultivate a smart partnership of trade unions, employees and employers
 Set up a National Innovation Fund totalling RM500 million
 Reshuffle tax incentives to shift the focus of assistance from large industries to SMIs
 Revamp the 26% personal income tax bracket to affect individuals earning more than RM400,000 instead of the current RM250,000
 Halt operations of the Lynas rare earth plant in Gebeng, Pahang
 Review the implementation phases of the RAPID project in Pengerang
 Reform all existing legislation related to logging, and regulate logging activities
 Allocate RM500 million to assist participation of ex-soldiers in economic activities
 Increase the government contribution to the Armed Forces Fund Board (AFFB) from 15% to 20%
 Introduce a Soldiers' Dividend which will remunerate non-pensionable veterans to the amount of RM2,000 per year
 Introduce individual taxi permits
 Train taxi entrepreneurs in customer service and business skills
 Provide fuel subsidies to taxi entrepreneurs
 Expand the scope of permitted investments and grants under the existing Petroleum Fund
 Provide tax relief for goods or services derived from R&D in universities or public research centres
 Provide tax relief in the form of investment incentives and tax relief for research centres and researchers brought in
 Provide investment incentives for successfully commercialised Malaysian R&D products
 Make public transport free for differently abled people
 Remodel the planning of the Klang Valley public transportation system to an integrated plan involving MRT and buses to improve the existing network and access
 Examine each contract awarded in the MRT package in light of updated legislation
 Invest an additional RM2 billion in the first year to double the number of buses and bus routes in the Klang Valley
 Initiate steps towards building the first inter-city high-speed rail system in Southeast Asia
 Establish an Anti-Monopoly Commission and amend existing laws relating to competition
 Establish a Public Contracts Commission
 Dissolve 1MDB so that Khazanah remains the only state investment body
 Disposal and handover of government holdings in government-linked companies (GLCs) which are not involved in businesses of national importance
 Restructure the role of Ekuinas so that the agency assists in the takeover of GLCs by the management and qualified entrepreneurs
 Ensure overall implementation of procurement by open tender in the management of public entities

 Distribute gains from the extra oil revenue profit by lowering petrol and diesel prices.
 Channel RM25 billion from gas company subsidies directly to the people via reduced electricity tariffs
 Discontinue private water management concessions that have resulted in high water tariffs
 Take over management of highways with the intention of gradually abolishing tolls
 Lower the car excise tax in stages with the intention of abolishing it in 5 years' time
 Liberalise the national automotive industry
 Build 150,000 low- and medium- cost homes within the first term of administration
 Invest RM 5 billion in the first year for affordable housing, followed by RM 2 billion for the following years
 Provide free higher education in all public institutions, and subsidise fees for students in private institutions
 Provide a living cost allowance for students who are not financially well-off
 Stop implementation of Automatic Enforcement System (AES) for road users and rescind all AES summonses
 Review all compensation claims as a result of the GER manipulation and pay appropriate compensation to affected FELDA settlers.
 Increase police personnel's remuneration by 15% in stages
 Increase personnel strength of the Crime Investigation Department (CID)
 Allocate an additional of RM 50 million a year to build police posts in places of high public concentration
 Allocate a further RM 200 million a year to increase the police's capabilities and effectiveness in forensic investigation.
 Reject all attempts to introduce a healthcare tax
 Ensure free healthcare for all Malaysians through government hospitals while incentivising the private sector to provide healthcare services at a reasonable rate
 Abolish fees for Class 2 and Class 3 wards.
 Abolish monopolies on pharmaceutical supplies, hospital construction, and medical infrastructure
 Improve specialist treatments to the low-income group for complicated surgeries
 Fulfill the target of one doctor to 550 citizens in the first term of administration
 Increase welfare assistance from RM300 a month to RM500 a month
 Establish a National Commodity Fund to assist families affected by sudden drops in commodity prices

 Add value to wakaf land that will generate economic welfare for the people
 Target to double the current Tabung Haji fund amount within ten years of Pakatan Rakyat administration
 Ensure that the right to religious freedom and religious practice for other religions will be upheld
 Deploy a new remuneration package for civil servants that will factor excellent work performance, length of service and leadership qualities
 Implement the 8 demands of BERSIH as electoral reform
 Implement automatic voter registration upon reaching eligible voting age
 Clean-up electoral roll within 100 days of coming to power
 Reform the judiciary, Attorney General's Chambers, Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) and Royal Malaysian Police Force (PDRM)
 Restore the powers and freedom of Parliament as the voice of the people
 Introduce the parliamentary select committee system in crucial ministries
 Abolish all legislation that restricts media freedom
 Corporatise government-owned broadcasting institutions such as Radio Televisyen Malaysia (RTM)
 Respect the maturity of media practitioners in operating the media industry
 Abolish the Universities and Universities Colleges Act (UUCA) within 100 days of Pakatan Rakyat administration
 Selection of vice-chancellor and rectors in public higher education institutions will be made by an independent evaluating committee
 Perform a thorough review of all legislations that are in conflict with principles of justice for and freedom of the people and abolish them within the first year
 Enforce a Democracy Restoration Act to further strengthen the basic rights of the people
 Release and apologise to all Internal Security Act (ISA) detainees from the past to the present
 Restructure MACC's power and leadership to rebuild its integrity
 Restructure the practices and processes of MACC to focus on investigation and prosecution towards big corruption cases that involve the public interest
 Tighten corruption-related legislation (including the Whistleblower Protection Act) to firmly implement anti-corruption laws

Third parties
The election also brought in the entry of many third parties that influenced the election outcome in many parliament and state seats. Indian-based party Human Rights Party Malaysia, which was instrumental in organising Indians in protests against the government such as Hindraf rally in 2007, contested in several seats in Peninsular Malaysia. Currently, there are two camps in Hindraf: one aligned to Barisan Nasional and another that is neutral. Borneo-based parties such as Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) (a former BN coalition partner) and the State Reform Party (STAR) contested the election on their own after a breakdown in talks with PR in having one to one contests against BN. The entry of these parties have brought about multi-cornered fights in Sabah and Sarawak. One of the main issues they brought up was the increasing number of illegals in Sabah and of the Royal Commission of Inquiry on illegal immigrants in Sabah. Furthermore, SAPP and STAR are partners in the United Borneo Front which fights for the equal status of Sabah and Sarawak as stipulated in the Malaysia Agreement that was made in 1963.

Bersih factor

The election watchdog group Bersih will be a big factor in the elections as they were responsible for organising large rallies calling for the electoral reforms in Malaysia in 2011 and 2012. They have pointed out that the electoral roll was marred by irregularities such as gerrymandering, phantom voters, malapportionment and postal vote fraud. Bersih has also warned against politicians or groups that support intimidation and violence against the electorate. Bersih has added to its blacklist of politicians who perpetuate the cycle of political violence such as Home Minister Hishammuddin Hussein, Defence Minister Zahid Hamidi and BN candidate Hamidah Othman.
 Bersih has criticised both the BN-majority federal and PR-majority Selangor state caretaker governments for using government resources for election campaigning purposes.

Nominations
Nominations for candidates were made on 20 April 2013 between 9am and 10am. For the first time in Malaysian electoral history, all seats were contested and no candidate won a seat unopposed, with some candidates facing as many as 6 opponents.

There were 579 parliamentary candidates contesting for 222 parliamentary seats, and 1,322 candidates fighting for 505 state seats.

Conduct

Incidents
During the first three days of the official campaigning period, a total of 387 incidents were reported, with no fewer than 15 people arrested by the police for investigation. On 23 April 2013 in Nibong Tebal, an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) exploded at the site of a BN rally, injuring one. The police subsequently discovered a second IED at the site, which was later safely detonated. Both the incumbent Prime Minister Najib Razak and opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim have condemned the violence. The bombings have also been condemned by Bersih who said that all politicians should condemn the violence regardless of party affiliation. Bersih has offered to monitor police reports made on political violence and incidents of electoral misconduct.

Opposition political gatherings were disrupted by bikers. On 24 April 2013, a press photographer was assaulted by bikers spotted wearing 1Malaysia shirts at a gathering by DAP in Bukit Gelugor. The state BN chief has denied any connection with the incident. Additionally, there have been numerous reports of vandalism against vehicles used by opposition politicians and their supporters. In one incident, two cars belonging to a PKR candidate's daughter were damaged following an arson attempt at her residence in Klang.

A number of sexually explicit videos allegedly portraying opposition figures have surfaced in cyberspace, notably on blogs hostile towards the Pakatan Rakyat. The secretary-general of PAS, Datuk Mustafa Ali, who was implicated in one of the videos has denied his involvement, with his lawyer calling the videos "a pure slander campaign by UMNO". In turn, UMNO has sued Mustafa and his lawyer over those allegedly libelous statements. Anwar Ibrahim has also sued UMNO blogger and election candidate Wan Muhammad Azri Wan Deris for trying to implicate him in one of the explicit videos.

A number of anti-Christian billboards have appeared during the election campaign period, bringing up the ire of the Christian Federation of Malaysia, who have called for the removal of such billboards.

Users of several online news and media websites, such as independent news site Malaysiakini have claimed that several Malaysian internet service providers (ISPs) were throttling their access speeds to the sites. Several independent websites critical of the government, such as Radio Free Malaysia and Sarawak Report have experienced DDoS attacks. Malaysiakini have claimed that their Twitter account was hacked and their videos inaccessible through local ISPs.

There have been a number of reports by the opposition alleging that the incumbent government is flying in thousands of foreigners to parts of Malaysia to influence the outcome of the vote in favour of BN. BN in turn has denied any wrongdoing, saying these flights were sponsored by "friends of BN". Bersih has called the provision of flights for voters an election offence. The opposition said that many of their supporters and agents will be monitoring the situation and making citizen's arrests of foreigners who vote.

Voting
Postal voting for overseas Malaysians were conducted in various Malaysian representative offices around the world. According to the Election Commission (EC), 70% of 8,756 people who were eligible to vote overseas turned up to vote despite some teething problems.

Early voting was conducted for military, police personnel and their spouses in 544 polling centres throughout Malaysia. It was estimated that there were 270,000 of these voters in total. There have been several reports regarding the usage of indelible ink for early voters, with some claiming that the ink could be easily washed off. The Election Commission has promised to conduct investigations on this issue after a number of reports lodged by several opposition parties. On 2 May 2013, the EC held a public demonstration on the application of indelible ink. During this demonstration, the stain left behind by the ink was attempted to be washed off using various means, but without success. Addressing the earlier claims and reports of the stain being easily removed, EC deputy chairman Datuk Wan Ahmad Wan Omar stated that this could be due to improper application procedures. He said that if the ink bottles were not thoroughly shook before use, the applied ink may contain insufficient quantities of silver nitrate, the compound used in the ink that leaves a permanent stain.

General voting began at 8.00 am on 5 May 2013 with a total of 13,268,002 Malaysians eligible to cast their ballots at 8,789 polling centres nationwide. Voter turnout is expected to be at an all-time high surpassing the 2008 election. As of 12 pm, 58.99% of voters have cast their ballots, nationwide. Voting closed at 5 pm however voters inside the polling stations are allowed to continue casting their ballots. Estimated turnout was 80%.

Results

By state

Johor

Kedah

Kelantan

Kuala Lumpur

Labuan

Malacca

Negeri Sembilan

Pahang

Penang

Perak

Perlis

Putrajaya

Sabah

Sarawak

Selangor

Terengganu

Reactions, analysis and aftermath

Najib Razak told the media the day after the election: "We have to show to the world that we are a mature democracy. Whatever happens, the decision of the people, the will of the people must be respected." He added: "After my inauguration as prime minister, I vow to honestly carry out all my obligations with full dedication. I will be truly faithful to Malaysia and will preserve, protect and defend the institution." Anwar Ibrahim reacted in calling for two days of protests in saying the win was the "worst electoral fraud in our history" and that he "call[s] upon as many Malaysians to join hands and express our rejection and disgust at the unprecedented electoral fraud committed by Najib Razak and the EC (Election Commission)."

Herizal Hazri of the Malaysia Asia Foundation said: "There is a sense of rejection within the urban Malaysian voters to accept this rhetoric. They want a more inclusive Malaysia, they want to vote for parties that represents all race groups." The opposition parties had promised to revise Malaysia's affirmative action policy which favours Malays and other indigenous groups ("Bumiputra") over the Chinese and Indian minorities. Prime Minister Najib Razak claimed that this was the reason why ethnic Chinese voted for the opposition. The most perceivable swing from the ruling coalition to the opposition, namely from the BN-affiliated MCA and Gerakan parties to the DAP, was among ethnic Chinese voters. This led to Najib claiming that the opposition had manipulated and deceived this population group and making a "Chinese tsunami" accountable for his alliance's losses. However, the claim was disputed by political analyst Datuk Dr Shamsul Amri Baharuddin, who claimed it was more accurately, an urban swing. The geographic distribution of votes shows a considerable difference between largely urban regions with a great proportion of ethnic Chinese which mostly voted for the oppositional alliance – often by a high margin – and more rural states populated by "Bumiputra" where the governing coalition won most of its seats.

On 8 May Anwar led a rally in the Kelana Jaya football stadium near Kuala Lumpur. According to online sources that support PR, 120,000 people participated. Since the stadium usually can hold approximately 25,000 people, skeptics estimated that the number of participants ranged from 64,000 to 69,000. PR supporters claimed that the election was a sham.

Pakatan Rakyat suffered from a leadership crisis after the election, including the withdrawal of PAS from the coalition in 2015. The coalition thus automatically dissolved and was replaced by Pakatan Harapan.

See also
2013 Malaysian state elections

References

External links

Official websites
Official Election Commission Of Malaysia Website
Official Portal Of The 2013 Malaysian General Election
Dashboard PRU13 for the latest election results
Official candidates list

Manifestos
Barisan Nasional
Pakatan Rakyat

Other media
Voting Guide, Candidates List & Live Social Feed howtovotemalaysia.org
Undi.info:MALAYSIAN ELECTION DATA，powered by Malaysiakini
13th Malaysian General Election GE13 The Star Online
 James Chin (2015). "The ‘Pek Moh’ Factor and the Sarawak Parliamentary Seats" in Johan Savaranamuttu, Lee Hock Guan, Mohamed Nawab Mohamed Osman (eds.) Coalitions in Collision: Malaysia's 13th General Elections (KL & Singapore: ISEAS & SIRD) pp. 181–198

General elections in Malaysia
Malaysia
General


Sign of the Times is the fourth studio album by trance duo Cosmic Gate. It was released on March 23, 2009 in Germany. A deluxe edition was released  and included remixes of the original songs by other DJs such as Arty and Markus Schulz.

Track listings

CD and digital download
Sign of the Times
 "Open Your Heart" (7:05) (featuring Tiff Lacey)
 "London Rain" (6:06) (featuring Jan Loechel)
 "Flatline" (6:35) (featuring Kyler England)
 "Sign Of The Times" (6:08)
 "Under Your Spell" (5:24) (featuring Aruna)
 "Not Enough Time" (5:40) (featuring Emma Hewitt)
 "FAV" (6:32)
 "Trip To PD" (6:34)
 "Only Time" (4:46) (featuring Tommy Clint)
 "Arctic Sunset" (6:14)
 "Body Of Conflict" (5:14) (featuring Denise Rivera)
 "Whatever" (6:15)
 "Seize The Day" (4:55) (featuring Jan Loechel aka Jades)

CD
Sign of the Times (Deluxe Edition)
Disc 1
 "Open Your Heart" (7:05) (featuring Tiff Lacey)
 "London Rain" (6:06) (featuring Jan Loechel)
 "Flatline" (6:35) (featuring Kyler England)
 "Sign Of The Times" (6:08)
 "Under Your Spell" (5:24) (featuring Aruna)
 "Not Enough Time" (5:40) (featuring Emma Hewitt)
 "FAV" (6:32)
 "Trip To PD" (6:34)
 "Only Time" (4:46) (featuring Tommy Clint)
 "Arctic Sunset" (6:14)
 "Body Of Conflict" (5:14) (featuring  Denise Rivera)
 "Whatever" (6:15)
 "Seize The Day" (4:55) (featuring Jan Loechel aka Jades)

Disc 2
 "FAV (Arty Remix)" (6:45)
 "Open Your Heart (Steve Brian Remix)" (6:57) (featuring Tiff Lacey)
 "Seize The Day (Cold Blue Remix)" (7:16) (featuring  Jan Loechel aka Jades)
 "Not Enough Time (Raver Rework)" (7:18) (featuring Emma Hewitt)
 "Sign Of The Times (George Acosta Remix)" (8:06)
 "Not Enough Time (Club Mix)" (8:36) (featuring Emma Hewitt)
 "Not Enough Time (Sied van Riel Remix)" (8:11) (featuring Emma Hewitt)
 "Not Enough Time (Andy Duguid Remix)" (7:44) (featuring Emma Hewitt)
 "Sign Of The Times (Markus Schulz Remix)" (8:21)
 "Flatline (Kyau & Albert Remix)" (6:35) (featuring Kyler England)
 "Flatline (Wally Lopez Factomania Dub)" (8:01) (featuring Kyler England)
 "Under Your Spell (Myon & Shane 54 Remix)" (7:38) (featuring Aruna)
 "Under Your Spell (Duderstadt Remix)" (7:47) (featuring Aruna)
 "London Rain (New Club Mix)" (7:03) (featuring Jan Loechel)
 "London Rain (Stoneface & Terminal Remix)" (7:47) (featuring Jan Loechel)

Digital download
Sign of the Times (Deluxe Edition)
 "Open Your Heart" (7:05) (featuring Tiff Lacey)
 "London Rain" (6:06) (featuring Jan Loechel)
 "Flatline" (6:35) (featuring Kyler England)
 "Sign Of The Times" (6:08)
 "Under Your Spell" (5:24) (featuring Aruna)
 "Not Enough Time" (5:40) (featuring Emma Hewitt)
 "FAV" (6:32)
 "Trip To PD" (6:34)
 "Only Time" (4:46) (featuring Tommy Clint)
 "Arctic Sunset" (6:14)
 "Body Of Conflict" (5:14) (featuring  Denise Rivera)
 "Whatever" (6:15)
 "Seize The Day" (4:55) (featuring  Jan Loechel aka Jades)
 "FAV (Arty Remix)" (6:45)
 "Open Your Heart (Steve Brian Remix)" (6:57) (featuring Tiff Lacey)
 "Seize The Day (Cold Blue Remix)" (7:16) (featuring  Jan Loechel aka Jades)
 "Not Enough Time (Raver Rework)" (7:18) (featuring Emma Hewitt)
 "Sign Of The Times (George Acosta Remix)" (8:06)
 "Not Enough Time (Club Mix)" (8:36) (featuring Emma Hewitt)
 "Not Enough Time (Sied van Riel Remix)" (8:11) (featuring Emma Hewitt)
 "Not Enough Time (Andy Duguid Remix)" (7:44) (featuring Emma Hewitt)
 "Sign Of The Times (Markus Schulz Remix)" (8:21)
 "FAV (Hard Dub") (8:01)
 "Flatline (Kyau & Albert Remix)" (6:35) (featuring Kyler England)
 "Flatline (Row Remix)" (7:00) (featuring Kyler England)
 "Flatline (Wally Lopez Factomania Dub)" (8:01) (featuring Kyler England)
 "Under Your Spell (Myon & Shane 54 Remix)" (7:38) (featuring Aruna)
 "Under Your Spell (Duderstadt Remix)" (7:47) (featuring Aruna)
 "London Rain (New Club Mix)" (7:03) (featuring Jan Loechel)
 "London Rain (Stoneface & Terminal Remix)" (7:47) (featuring Jan Loechel)
 "London Rain (Ruben de Ronde Remix)" (7:09) (featuring Jan Loechel)
 "London Rain (Suspect 44 Remix)" (8:12) (featuring Jan Loechel)
 "London Rain (Back 2 Back 4 Redub)" (7:41) (featuring Jan Loechel)

References

External links

Cosmic Gate albums
2009 albums
Black Hole Recordings albums


The following is a list of individual player awards and accomplishments for the Houston Texans franchise of the National Football League.

League-wide awards

Associated Press Defensive Player of the Year Award recipients
The following is a list of all Houston Texans players who have been named the National Football League defensive player of the year by the Associated Press.

All-Pro selections
The following is a list of all Houston Texans players named to the Associated Press All-Pro first or second teams.

Associated Press Rookie of the Year Award recipients
The following is a list of all Houston Texans players who have been named either the National Football League offensive or defensive rookie of the year by the Associated Press.

Pro Bowl selections

The following is a list of all Houston Texans players selected to the Pro Bowl.

Pro Bowl MVP Award selections
The following Houston Texans players have been named the most valuable player of the Pro Bowl.

Pepsi NFL Rookie of the Year Award recipients
The following is a list of all Houston Texans players who have been named the Pepsi NFL rookie of the year.

Team awards

Houston Texans MVP recipients
The following is a list of Houston Texans players who have been named the most valuable player of the team as determined by a vote of Texans players at the conclusion of each season.

Houston Texans Rookie of the Year recipients
The following is a list of Houston Texans players who have been named rookie of the year as determined by a vote of Texans players at the conclusion of each season.

Spirit of the Bull Award recipients
The following is a list of Houston Texans players who have been named by the team as the recipient of the Spirit of the Bull Award. This is an annual award given by the team to the Texans player who best exemplifies a commitment to excellence both on and off the field, as well as their charitable work in the Houston community.

Mark Bruener Award recipients
The following is a list of Houston Texans players who have been named by the team as the recipient of the Mark Bruener Award. This is an annual award given by the team to the Texans player who exemplifies outstanding leadership, sportsmanship, work ethic and commitment to his teammates. Until 2008, this award was known as the Spirit of the Bull Award. In 2009 the award was renamed to honor Bruener, who had won the award for four straight years from 2005-2008.

Ed Block Courage Award recipients
The following is a list of Houston Texans players who have been the team recipient of the Ed Block Courage Award. Every year, each of the 32 teams in the National Football League vote for one member of their team who, in the eyes of his teammates, is a source of inspiration and courage.

External links
 Texans 2013 Media Guide

awards and honors
Houston Texans


Kate Walsh (born 17 June 1981) is an English businesswoman and former reality television contestant who came to the public's attention in March 2009 whilst appearing as a candidate in the fifth series of The Apprentice. She co-hosted the Channel 5 evening entertainment show Live from Studio Five from its launch in September 2009 until the final edition on 4 February 2011. She also presented the Live from Studio Five replacement OK! TV after original host Denise van Outen pulled out of the role three days before the programme's launch. Walsh left the show on 16 August 2011 along with co-host Matt Johnson.

Early life
Walsh attended Blake Valley Technology College and has a BSc degree in Psychology and Management from Aston University, Birmingham.

The Apprentice
In 2009, Walsh took part in Series 5 of The Apprentice where she competed for a job working for Alan Sugar. She finished as runner-up to Yasmina Siadatan.

TV presenting career
After her stint on The Apprentice, Walsh hosted a women's fashion segment on GMTV, appearing for a number of episodes.

In September 2009, Walsh joined Channel 5 to present Live from Studio Five. She presented the show alongside various co-presenters until its cancellation in February 2011. Walsh was the only presenter from the original line-up to remain with the programme from its launch.

Walsh returned to Channel 5 to co-present the new entertainment show, OK! TV from 14 February 2011 to August 2011.

Personal life
Walsh lived in Hednesford in Cannock but moved to London to live with fellow Apprentice contestant, Philip Taylor.

Filmography

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
English television presenters
People from Hednesford
The Apprentice (British TV series) candidates


El Valle is one of 12 parishes (administrative divisions) in Carreño, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The parroquia is  in size, with a population of 257 (INE 2007).  The postal code is 33438.

Villages and hamlets
 El Cuitu
 Fontefría
 Llacín
 La Maquila
 La Mata
 Nozalín
 El Palacio
 Ramos
 Santolaya
 La Sierra
 Sopeñes
 La Torre
 La Vega
 Xanes
 Zancornio

Parishes in Carreño


A rural health clinic (RHC) is a clinic located in a rural, medically under-served area in the United States that has a separate reimbursement structure from the standard medical office under the Medicare and Medicaid programs. RHCs were established by the Rural Health Clinic Services Act of 1977 (P.L. 95-210), (Section 1905 of the Social Security Act). The RHC program increases access to health care in rural areas by

 creating special reimbursement mechanisms that allow clinicians to practice in rural, under-served areas
 increasing utilization of physician assistants (PA) and nurse practitioners (NP)

As of 2018, there were approximately 4,300 RHCs across 44 states in the U.S. RHCs facilitate 35.7 million visits per year and provide services for millions of people, including 8 million Medicare beneficiaries.

As primary care facilities, RHCs are essential to the health care safety net in rural America. Unlike FQHCs, RHCs are not legally mandated to provide care to patients who cannot pay but many of their patients are uninsured. Recent evidence shows that the presence of RHCs enables greater appointment availability for Medicaid patients.

Requirements for certification

Location
At the time of creation of an RHC, the clinic must be located in an area that has the following characteristics:[6]

 defined as a non-urbanized area (fewer than 50,000 inhabitants) by the United States Census Bureau
 defined as medically under-served by one of the following characteristics:
 Primary Care Geographic Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) under Section 332(a)(1)(A) of the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act);
 Primary Care Population-Based HPSA under Section 332(a)(1)(B) of the PHS Act;
 Medically Underserved Area under Section 330(b)(3) of the PHS Act; or
 Governor-designated and Secretary-certified shortage area under Section 6213(c) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989.

Staffing
In addition, a RHC must employ a nurse practitioner (NP) or a physician assistant (PA) and have a NP, PA, or certified-nurse midwife (CNM) available at least 50 percent of the time the RHC operates.

Services
At least 50% of services furnished in an RHC must be services typically performed in an outpatient setting and RHCs are prohibited from primary providing behavioral health services.

Survey and recertification
RHCs must be certified through a survey process by a State Survey Agency and meet Medicare's Conditions for Certification. RHCs must undergo an annual program evaluation to ensure quality of care.

Payment design
Rural Americans face a number of challenges in accessing healthcare, namely a lack of healthcare professionals and access to providers. Only 10 percent of physicians and 23 percent of specialists reside in rural areas. Compared to their urban counterparts, rural residents have to travel much farther to receive treatment. 23 percent of the rural population are Medicare beneficiaries while 45 percent of rural poor are covered by Medicaid.

To encourage the development of RHCs serving rural, under-served communities, Medicare reimburses RHCs using cost-based reimbursement. RHCs receive an all-inclusive rate (AIR) per visit for all Medicare services rendered. This is different from most medical providers in the United States, which are paid based on the cost of the services provided using the Physician Fee Schedule (PFS).

If an RHC is owned by a hospital with fewer than fifty beds, there is no cap for the cost-based reimbursement. If, however, the RHC is owned by a hospital with more than fifty beds the cost-based reimbursement is capped at $83.45 per visit. Reimbursement for independent RHCs is capped at the same rate as provider-based RHCs with more than fifty beds. This cap is adjusted annually based on the percent change in the Medicare Economic Index (MEI).

Prior to 2001, State Medicaid Programs were required to pay RHCs via a cost-based reimbursement model similar to that of Medicare. This methodology required that RHCs submit cost reports in order for states to determine reasonable costs for personnel, services, supplies and other administrative fees. However, the passage of the Medicare, Medicaid and SCHIP Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000 (BIPA 2000) replaced cost-based reimbursement with a state-specific prospective payment system (PPS). The BIPA PPS model requires states to reimburse RHCs at least 100 percent of the average of the costs of the clinic in fiscal years (FY) 1999 and 2000 trended forward for inflation, creating a "floor" for Medicaid reimbursement. States are allowed to reimburse RHCs for Medicaid via any methodology they chose but the total Medicaid reimbursement must at least exceed this "floor".

Total RHCs by location

Criticism and proposed regulatory changes
The RHC program was criticized in the 1990s for allowing enhanced reimbursement to remain for RHCs, even if that clinic is no longer in a rural or under-served community. The Government Accountability Office and the HHS Office of the Inspector General both released studies that showed that RHC status was not revoked for those RHCs located in rural areas that grew into urbanized areas. To address this issue, Congress passed the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA) eliminating the grandfather clause for RHCs that had allowed them to retain their status despite the fact that the RHC's location requirements no longer qualified the RHC for the program.[8]

However, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) released the final regulations implementing the BBA more than three years after they proposed those regulations which voided the final regulations due to the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA). The MMA requires that CMS finalize any rule within three years of proposing that rule. If the rule is not finalized within three years, it must be proposed again before it can be finalized. Before the rule could take effect, lobbying groups, such as the American Medical Association (AMA), National Rural Health Association (NRHA), American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), and the National Association of Rural Health Clinics (NARHC), put pressure on Congress to change the law.

On June 26, 2008, CMS released a second proposed rule to implement the BBA-required elimination of the grandfather clause and to make changes to the RHC and Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) conditions of participation.[9] However, President Obama put a hold on all pending rules from the George W. Bush administration, and once again, CMS failed to finalize the rules within the three year time period.

References

External links
 National Rural Health Association RHC topic page
 Rural Health Information Hub RHC Topic Guide
 American Academy of Family Physicians RHC page
 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Rural Health Center
 National Association of Rural Health Clinics

Clinics in the United States
Medicare and Medicaid (United States)


Ibrahim Moustafa Reyadh (; born 5 April 1941) is a retired Egyptian football player. His real name is Ibrahim Mohammed Reyadh but Moustafa Reyadh is his nickname.

Career
Reyadh played club football for Tersana Club. He is the third all-time scorer in the Egyptian Premier League with 123 goals.

Reyadh played for the Egypt national football team in the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, where he was 2nd top scorer with 8 goals. Reyadh also played for Egypt in the 1962 and 1963 African Cup of Nations.

Honours
Tersana
 Egyptian Premier League: 1962–63
 Egyptian Cup: 1964–65, 1966–67

Individual
 Egyptian Premier League Top scorer: 1961–62, 1963–64
Olympic Games second top scorer: 1964

Moustafa Reyadh's league scoring history

References

External links

1941 births
Living people
Egyptian men's footballers
Egypt men's international footballers
Footballers at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Egypt
1962 African Cup of Nations players
1963 African Cup of Nations players
Competitors at the 1963 Mediterranean Games
Tersana SC players
Men's association football forwards
Mediterranean Games competitors for Egypt


Dover High School is a high school located in Dover, Delaware. It is a part of the Capital School District.

Communities served include the majority of Dover, as well as Cheswold, Hartly, Little Creek, and about half of Leipsic.

Dover High School's principal is Shawndell Solomon.

Special programs

Dover High School offers a program for students to become certified nursing assistantss.

Since 2006, members of Dover High's Japanese Club have participated in a cultural exchange program with its sister school located in Kakuda, Japan.

Referendum

A 2010 Capital School District referendum on funding for a new Dover High School and renovation of other district schools passed on March 31. Construction of the new school began in the spring of 2011, and was completed in the fall of 2014.

Awards and achievements

In 2009 a record-breaking number of AP Scholars were recognized at the school. A total of 49 students were named for 2010, with two of them also being named as National AP Scholars.

Dover High School was recognized as a National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence in 1986.

The school made Newsweeks list of America's Best High Schools for five straight years, beginning in 2006. Below is a table of Newsweeks ratings of Dover High School.

Dover High School's BPA team performed well at the 2010 National Leadership Conference, placing 6th in Fundamentals of Web Design, 1st in PC Servicing and Troubleshooting, 3rd in Network Design, and 9th in Small Business Management.

The school entered the Odyssey of the Mind, and placed 7th in the World Finals in 2009.

Notable alumni

Arts and entertainment
Robert Crumb, cartoonist, graduated in 1961
Ukee Washington, newscaster
Bryan Gordon, writer, producer, director
Kayla Martell, Miss Delaware 2010
Teri Polo, actress, model
Diana Son, playwright and TV producer
Rob Tornoe, nationally-syndicated cartoonist

Politics
Robin Christiansen (1968), mayor of Dover since 2014, city councilman from 1983 to 2001, and council president and vice mayor from 1990 to 2001.
James Hutchison (1961), first full-time mayor of Dover and current city councilman
Gary Traynor, associate justice of the Delaware Supreme Court

Space
Andrew R. Morgan (1994), Astronaut class of 2013

Sports
Hameen Ali, college football player honored for persevering through difficult life circumstances
Renie Martin, pitcher for the Kansas City Royals and San Francisco Giants from 1979 to 1984

See also
 List of high schools in Delaware

References

External links

Education in Dover, Delaware
High schools in Kent County, Delaware
Public high schools in Delaware
Buildings and structures in Dover, Delaware
1965 establishments in Delaware
Educational institutions established in 1965


The 2009 BYU Cougars football team represented Brigham Young University in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cougars were led by head coach Bronco Mendenhall and played their home games at LaVell Edwards Stadium.

The Cougars finished the season with a record of 11–2, 7–1 in Mountain West play and won the Maaco Bowl Las Vegas 44–20 over Oregon State.

Schedule

Rankings

Game summaries

Oklahoma

BYU would enter the 2009 Cowboy Classic with a 14-22 record against the Big XII. However BYU was 1-0 against the Sooners. The only previously meeting was the 1994 Copper Bowl, where BYU won 31-6.

Source:

Tulane

BYU headed back down South for their second game of the season. The Green Wave would be their featured opponent. BYU and Tulane came into the contest with a 1-1 record against each other. The last meeting between the two was back in 2001, when BYU defeated the Green Wave 70-35 in Provo.

Source:

Florida State

Source:

Colorado State

BYU would try and bounce back after the loss to FSU. The loss to FSU ended a winning streak the Cougs had had at home since 2004. With a 37-27-3 record against the Rams, things looked good for BYU.

Source:

Utah State

The 2009 Beehive Boot began with the Battle for the Old Wagon Wheel as Utah State visited the Cougars. With a 42-23-3 record in one of the longest rivalries in the nation, BYU looked to try to continue to show the FSU game was a fluke.

Source:

UNLV

After the Conference Weekend showdown, the Cougs headed on the road for their second road game of the year against a team they have thoroughly dominated, UNLV. Going into the 2009 season, the Cougars found themselves 13-3 against the Rebels lifetime.

Source:

San Diego State

Back-to-back road games would be the norm most of the season, as was this case with Vegas and then San Diego. BYU would challenge the Aztecs with a 25–7–1 record against them intact.

Source:

TCU

Heading into Homecoming BYU looked to get back on the winning track against TCU. The Cougars had won 5 of the first 7 meetings against TCU, but the Horned Frogs took the win in 2008 to get their 3rd win against the Cougars.

Source:

Wyoming

BYU hit the road for the final back-to-back road trip of the year. Their first stop would be in Laramie. The Cougars came into the game with a 42-30-3 record against the Cowboys.

Source:

New Mexico

The final road game on the back-to-back road trip took the Cougars to Albuquerque for their regular showdown with the Lobos. The Cougars came into the game with a 43-13-3 record against the Lobos.

Source:

Air Force

The final home stretch began with an old match-up against everybodies favorite run-and-gun squad, the Air Force Falcons. The Cougars came into the game with a 23-6 record against the Falcons.

Source:

Utah

The regular season ended with the third edition of the Deseret First Duel. The winner would take a 2-1 lead in head-to-head football since the Holy War became sponsored by Deseret First Credit Union. The Cougars came into the game with a 30-50-4 against the Utes. With both teams at 6-1 in conference play, and with TCU likely headed to a BCS game, BYU and Utah came in knowing the winner would be getting a berth in the Las Vegas Bowl.

Source:

Las Vegas Bowl

The fifth consecutive trip to the Las Vegas Bowl awaited BYU after their win over the Utes. Their opponent would be Bronco Mendenhall's alumni school- Oregon State, his first meeting against them with BYU. It was the first ever top 25 showdown in Vegas Bowl history. It also would feature a match of runner-up's as Oregon State was one of three teams tied for second in the Pac-10. BYU would go into the game with a 3-5 record lifetime against the Beavers. After going 19-for-30 for 192 yards with 3 touchdowns, Max Hall would win the MVP honor. Hall would leave as the most winning quarterback in BYU history at 43-9. His running back, Harvey Unga, would leave the school as the all-time leading rusher.

Source:

References

BYU
BYU Cougars football seasons
Las Vegas Bowl champion seasons
BYU Cougars football


Nanda Kishore Bal (22 December 1875 – 1 July 1928), was an Indian poet of the era of initial modernity in Odia poetry. He was born at Kusupur village in the Cuttack district of Odisha. He was initially named as Rasananda Jena. Later he was adopted by her aunt and then came the name Nanda Kishore Bal. He is popularly known as "Palli Kabi" (the poet of rural life) for his tender lyrics, celebrating the beauty of rural Odisha in his poems.

Pallikabi Nanda Kishore Bal was a poet of the rural scene, portraying its simplicity, its superstitions and festivals. His popular lyrics for children Nana Baya Gita are sung to the accompaniment of music. He wrote several poems that reveal his strong spiritual inclination, and sharp awareness of social problems. Among his collections are, Nirjharini(The Stream), Palli Chitra (The picture of countryside), Basanta-Kokila, Tarangini, Charuchitra, Nirmalya, Prabhata Sangeeta, Sandhya Sangita, Krushna Kumari and Sarmishtha.

Nanda Kishore Bal wrote about a hundred sonnets which are scattered throughout his collections. His sonnets deal with both nature and personal suffering, and reveal high poetic sensibility. These sonnets are known for their restrained thoughts and versification.

Kanakalata by Nanda Kishore is a novel published in 1925. A substantial part of this novel was actually published in serialized form in Utkal Sahitya in 1913. The plot of the novel is an indictment of the evils of dowry system in rural aristocratic society, and the predicament of the child-widows, who were condemned into a life of anguish and suffering.

See also
 Odia literature
 Odia language

References

1875 births
1928 deaths
Poets from Odisha
20th-century Indian poets
Odia-language writers
Odia-language poets
Poets from British India


Izaskun Zubizarreta Gerendiain  (born September 30, 1970)  is a Spanish ski mountaineer.

Zubizarreta was born in Oiartzun. She started ski mountaineering in 1997 and competed first in the Cronoescalada race in Cerler in 2006. In the same year, she became a member of the national team.

Selected results
 2006:
 1st, Spanish Championship team (together with María Luisa Romerales)
 1st, Spanish Cup
 2nd, Spanish Championship single
 3rd, Spanish Championship vertical race
 5th, World Championship relay race (together with Gemma Arró Ribot, Naila Jornet Burgada and Cristina Bes Ginesta)
 9th, World Championship team race (together with Cristina Bes Ginesta)
 2007:
 1st, Spanish Championship vertical race
 6th, European Championship relay race (together with Gemma Arró Ribot and Maribel Martín de la Iglesia)
 8th, European Championship team race (together with Gemma Arró Ribot)
 2008:
 4th, World Championship combination ranking
 5th, World Championship relay race (together with Cristina Bes Ginesta, Gemma Arró Ribot and Emma Roca Rodríguez)
 7th, World Championship single race
 7th, World Championship team race (together with Emma Roca Rodríguez)
 7th (and 5th in the "civilian international women" ranking), Patrouille des Glaciers (together with Cristina Bes Ginesta and Emma Roca Rodríguez)
 9th, World Championship long distance race
 2009:
 4th, European Championship team race (together with Mireia Miró Varela)
 4th, European Championship  relay race (together with Gemma Arró Ribot and Mireia Miró Varela)
 7th, European Championship combination ranking
 2011:
 7th, World Championship team race (together with Cristina Bes Ginesta)
 6th, Pierra Menta, together with Marta Riba Carlos

External links
 Izaskun Zubizarreta Gerendiain at skimountaineering.org
 Izaskun Zubizarreta Gerendiain, website of the FEDME

1970 births
Sportspeople from Gipuzkoa
Living people
People from Oiartzun
Spanish female ski mountaineers
21st-century Spanish women


The World Para Swimming Championships, known before 30 November 2016 as the IPC Swimming World Championships, are the world championships for swimming where athletes with a disability compete. They are organised by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). Previously on a four-year rotation, the championships are now held biennially, a year after the regional championships and year prior to the Paralympic Games.

On 30 November 2016, the IPC (which serves as the international federation for 10 disability sports, including swimming) adopted the "World Para" brand for all 10 sports. The world championship events in all of these sports were rebranded as "World Para" championships.

History

World Para Swimming Championships (Long Course)
The first World Para Swimming Championships were held from 2 December until 7 December, 2017, in Mexico City; the first IPC Swimming Championships (the former title of the championships) were held from 14 July until 26 July, 1990, in Assen, one year after the IPC was founded.

World Para Swimming Championships (Short Course)
The first (and only, as of 2023) short course world championships were held in December 2009, in Rio de Janeiro.

See also
List of IPC world records in swimming
World Para Swimming European Championships
Swimming at the Summer Paralympics

References

External links
World Para Swimming webpages
History of IPC Swimming World Championships
2006 Results

International swimming competitions
Parasports world championships
Para swimming competitions
Recurring sporting events established in 1990


Ambás  is one of 12 parishes (administrative divisions) in Carreño, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The parroquia is  in size, with a population of 225 (INE 2007).  The postal code is 33438.

Villages and hamlets
 Ambás
 Güernu
 El Monticu
 El Rodil

Parishes in Carreño


Alexander Williams may refer to:

Alexander Williams (artist) (1846–1930), Irish painter
Alexander Williams (cartoonist) (born 1967), animator and cartoonist
Alexander S. Williams (1839–1917), NYPD police inspector
Alexander Williams Jr. (born 1948), U.S. federal judge
Alexander B. Williams (1815–?), American merchant and politician from New York
Edward Alexander Wilmot Williams (1910–1994), British Army general

See also
Sandy Williams (Alexander Balos Williams, 1906–1991), American trombonist
Alex Williams (disambiguation)
Al Williams (disambiguation)
Alexander (disambiguation)
Williams (disambiguation)
William Alexander (disambiguation)


KPYM may refer to:

 KPYM (FM), a radio station (106.1 FM) licensed to serve Matagorda, Texas, United States
 Plymouth Municipal Airport (Massachusetts) (ICAO code KPYM)


Elmer Ellsworth "Bird" Carroll was a professional football player during the early years of the National Football League (NFL) with the Canton Bulldogs. He attended Washington & Jefferson College.  Caroll won NFL championships with the Canton Bulldogs in 1922 and 1923.

Notes

1896 births
1982 deaths
Players of American football from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Canton Bulldogs players
Washington & Jefferson College alumni
Washington & Jefferson Presidents football players


Sam Wilder may refer to:

Sam Wilder (American football) (born 1933), American football player
Sam Wilder, fictional character from the American TV series Charmed
 Samuel Gardner Wilder (1831–1888), shipping magnate in Hawaii


Tamón is one of 12 parishes (administrative divisions) in Carreño, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The parroquia is  in size, with a population of 352 (INE 2007).  The postal code is 33469.

Villages
The villages and hamlets include: Alredor de la Ilesia, Bardiel, Les Cabañes, La Calle la Vega, El Cascayu, Cotones, La Fontanina, La Güelga, Maripullín, El Monte Grande, El Monte'l Pando, El Redal, El Rioncéu, Samartín, Tabaza, La Tabla, Les Tranques, La Velilla, La Vera'l Ríu, La Venta, Villar de Baxo, Villar de Riba and Villa Flor.

Parishes in Carreño


Geal-Chàrn (Scottish Gaelic: White Peak) is a mountain in the Highlands of Scotland, 14 kilometres North East of Corrour railway station

See also
 Ben Nevis
 List of Munro mountains
 Mountains and hills of Scotland

References

Marilyns of Scotland
Munros
Mountains and hills of the Central Highlands
Mountains and hills of Highland (council area)
One-thousanders of Scotland


Geoffrey St John Cornish (August 6, 1914 – February 10, 2012) was a  golf course architect, author, and a fellow of the American Society of Golf Course Architects. He designed over 200 courses, including 9-hole additions, around the world.

Early life
Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Cornish received a bachelor's degree from the University of British Columbia and a Master's from the University of Massachusetts, both in agronomy.  His interest in golf course architecture was aroused upon graduation in 1935, when he was hired to evaluate soils and find topsoil on the Capilano Golf Club, then under construction in West Vancouver, for Canadian architect Stanley Thompson. Cornish then continued his training for four years with Thompson before becoming Head Greenkeeper at St. Charles Country Club, Winnipeg.

During World War II, Cornish served with the Canadian Army overseas (1941–1945). After the war, he returned to become an associate of Stanley Thompson from 1946-47. This was followed by a five-year association with pioneer turf grass scientist Lawrence S. Dickinson at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Career
During his first years as a designer, Cornish was assisted in artwork and drafting by his wife, the former Carol Burr Gawthrop. He soon established himself as a competent designer, and in 1964 took on a partner, young Penn State graduate William G. Robinson. Robinson moved to the Pacific Northwest in 1977, and established the firm of Cornish and Robinson, Golf Course Designers, Ltd. of Calgary, Alberta. They prepared the publication Golf Course Design: An Introduction, distributed by the National Golf Foundation and used in many GCSAA classes.

In 1967, Cornish became a member of the American Society of Golf Course Architects, along with Pete Dye, Robert Trent Jones, Jr., and Robert Muir Graves. He served as President in 1975.  He is an honorary member of the European Institute of Golf Course Architects.

By 1980 Cornish had planned more courses in the New England states than any other architect in history. He had also designed and remodeled layouts in other parts of the United States, in Canada and in Europe. He was the author of numerous articles on course design and turfgrass subjects. In 1981 he received The Golf Course Superintendents Association of America Distinguished Service Award, and in 1982 the Donald Ross Award. In 1996, he was inducted into the Canadian Golf Hall of Fame.

Long a contributor to a Harvard Graduate School of Design class on Golf Course Design and the University of Massachusetts' Stockbridge Winter School for Turf Managers, he has published numerous books on course architecture, including the pioneering and widely read The Golf Course, which he co-authored in 1981 with Ron Whitten, golf architecture editor for Golf Digest magazine. A second edition of this book, by the same authors, was published in 1993, with the title The Architects of Golf.

In the 1980s and 1990s Cornish and fellow golf architect Robert Muir Graves conducted scores of design seminars across the continent under separate auspices of the Harvard Graduate School of Design, the GCSAA and the PGA.

Numerous awards were bestowed upon Cornish during his career. He received a Distinguished Service Award from the GCSAA in 1981, the Donald Ross Award from the ASGCA in 1982, and an Outstanding Service Award from the National Golf Foundation in 1984. In 1987 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Massachusetts. In 1991 he received the John Reid Lifetime Achievement Award from the Metropolitan GCSA. He is an honorary member of several golf course superintendents associations as well as the EIGCA.

Cornish, who was the author of numerous books on golf course architecture, wrote with co-author Ronald E. Whitten the book The Architects of Golf wherein they credit Ida Dixon as the first female golf architect in America and perhaps in the world for her 1904 design of the Springhaven Club in Wallingford, Pennsylvania.

Known for traditional golf course designs, Geoffrey Cornish, would simply lay the course out on the land instead of moving millions of yards of dirt. An example of this approach can be experienced at such courses as Bowling Green Golf Course in northern New Jersey; it lends the course both beauty and playability.  Taking full advantage of the land and its natural features you enjoy the natural surroundings as well as the golf (and it takes less time to play).

Among over 200 new courses and 9-hole additions to his credit are the Pines Course at International Golf Course in Bolton, Massachusetts, the longest course in the world when playing from the "Tiger" tees, so named long before Tiger Woods was born. Other notable courses include Country Club of Ithaca, Ithaca, New York; Summerlea Golf & Country Club, Montreal, Quebec; Puoy Brook Golf Club, Lakeville, Massachusetts; Center Valley Club, Center Valley, Pennsylvania; the Mountain Laurel Golf Club, White Haven, Pennsylvania; the New Ashburn Golf Course, Halifax, Nova Scotia; the Quechee Club, Quechee, Vermont; the Connecticut G.C. in Easton, Connecticut; Niagara Falls Country Club in Lewiston, New York; Norton Country Club in Norton, Massachusetts; Crystal Lake Golf Course in Haverhill, Massachusetts; Hopmeadow Country Club in Simsbury, Connecticut; Stratton Mountain Golf Club in Stratton Mountain, Vermont; Mount Snow Golf Club in West Dover, Vermont; Eastman Golf Links in Grantham, New Hampshire; Thomson Country Club in North Reading, Massachusetts; Oliver D. Appleton Golf Course at St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York;Somers National Golf Club in Somers, New York and Canaan Valley Resort in Davis, West Virginia.

Death and legacy
Cornish died on February 10, 2012, in Amherst, Massachusetts. He is best remembered as a prolific golf course architect of the 20th century.

Books
The Golf Course (1981), , HarperCollins. Ground breaking research materials on the architects of golf around the world. Co-authored with Ron Whitten.
The Architects of Golf (1993), , HarperCollins. With Ronald E. Whitten; updated reprint of The Golf Course.
Golf Course Design with Robert Muir Graves (1998) , John Wiley and Sons.  Standard textbook at college level. First Golf Design textbook to be translated into Chinese.
Eighteen Stakes on a Sunday Afternoon (2002), , Grant Books (U.K.)
Classic Golf Design (2002), , John Wiley and Sons
Golf Course Design (2006) , An Annotated Bibliography and Highlights of its History, with Dr. Michael Hurdzan, ASGCA. Grant Books (U.K.)

Awards
 1981 GCSAA Distinguished Service Award
 1982 ASGCA Donald Ross Award
 1984 N.G.F. Outstanding Service Award
 1991 Metropolitan New York GCSAA John Reid Lifetime Achievement Award
 1992 Canadian GCSA John Steel Award
 1996 Golf Course Builders Association of America Don Rossi Humanitarian Award
 1996 Silver Medal of the British Institute of Golf Course Architects
 1996 Canadian Golf Hall of Fame
 2004 Distinguished Alumnus Award, University of Massachusetts
 Distinguished Service Award of the US National Golf Foundation

Education
Doctorate (Honorary) University of Massachusetts Amherst 1987
Master's degree (Agronomy) University of Massachusetts Amherst 1952
Bachelor's degree (Soil Science) University of British Columbia 1936

References

 Cornish, Geoffrey S. The Architects of Golf. HarperCollins, 1993.
 Cornish, Geoffrey S. Golf Course Design. John Wiley and Sons, 1998.

External links
Profile at Canadian Golf Hall of Fame
Mungeam Cornish Golf Design, Inc.
Bowling Green Golf Club

Golf course architects
Canadian non-fiction writers
University of British Columbia alumni
Massachusetts Agricultural College alumni
Harvard University people
Canadian Army personnel of World War II
Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment officers
Canadian military personnel from Manitoba
Writers from Winnipeg
Canadian emigrants to the United States
1914 births
2012 deaths


Murat Saygıner (born February 28, 1989) is a Turkish self-taught photographer and digital artist, and is also known as a filmmaker and composer.

Early life
Born in Prague in 1989, Murat Saygıner got involved with photography and digital art in 2007 and won several international awards. In 2008 his works were selected for "IPA Best of Show" exhibition in New York. In 2010 he was awarded Emerging Talent of the Year in "The Photography Gala Awards".

He has written, directed and produced several animated short films since 2013, which were screened in over 200 film festivals including Academy Award Qualifying Festivals such as "Animest" and Athens International Film and Video Festival. Six of his films were also Staff Picked on Vimeo. In 2019 he assembled ten of his short films under the title of The Flying Fish.

Awards

2018 Mexico International Film Festival, Mexico
Winner of the Golden Palm award in Animation Competition
2017 Open World Animation Festival, USA
Winner of the award for Best Experimental Film
2017 ATF Animated Film Festival, Iran
Appreciated Film in Experimental and Newmedia Section
2016 5th Hak-İş International Short Film Festival, Turkey
Winner of the award for Best Original Score
2015 Davis International Film Festival, USA
Winner of the award for Best Animation
PreFoto International Photography Competition 2011
Winner of the 1st prize
Fokus International Competition of Artistic Photography 2011
Winner of the 3rd prize
Pilsner Urquell International Photography Awards 2009
3rd place – Editorial – Personality
3rd place – Fine Art – Collage
PX3 Prix de la Photographie Paris 2009
First Prize – Advertising – Music
Third Prize – Fine Art – Digitally Enhanced
Trierenberg Super Circuit 2009
Gold medal – Painted With Light – Special Themes

Exhibitions

2018 – "FILE 2018 – Electronic Language International Festival", Fiesp Cultural Center, São Paulo, Brazil
2017 – "Celebration of the Arts – Art in Motion", Fort Worth, Texas, United States
2014 – "Colors of Life – Young Men with Big Dreams", Pepco Edison Gallery, Washington DC, United States
2012 – "6th Arte Laguna Prize Finalist Artists Exhibition", Palazzo Correr, Romanian Cultural Institute, Venice, Italy
2012 'Worldwide Photography Biennial Exhibition', The Borges Cultural Center, Buenos Aires, Argentina
2011 'PreFoto', Cultural Center "Abdullah Krashnica", Preševo, Serbia
2011 'Exposition Focus', Gallery of Art, Fier, Albania
2008 'IPA Best of Show', Soho Gallery, New York

References

External links

Turkish film directors
Turkish photographers
Turkish digital artists
1989 births
Living people
Turkish composers
Artists from Prague


Mary Lea Heger (July 13, 1897 – July 13, 1983, later Mary Lea Shane) was an American astronomer who made important discoveries on the interstellar medium. She later founded the Lick Observatory Archives located in the Dean E. McHenry Library. In 1982, her monument at Lick was renamed the Mary Lea Shane Archives of Lick Observatory.

Education and career

She was born in Wilmington, Delaware. During childhood, Heger's family moved west to Belvedere on the San Francisco Bay, where she spent her youth.

Heger received her bachelor's degree in 1919 from the University of California, Berkeley, becoming a graduate student in astronomy. After marrying C. Donald Shane in 1920 she completed her PhD in 1924, writing a thesis under the supervision of W. W. Campbell at Lick Observatory that was one of the first papers to recognize the sharp, stationary Na I absorption lines in the spectra of distant binaries as interstellar in origin.
She was also the discoverer of the diffuse interstellar bands.

Retirement
Deciding to focus on raising her two small children, Heger gave up the notion of a professional career. At the end of World War II when her husband became director of Lick Observatory, Heger became a well-known scientific hostess and was remembered for her generous hospitality.

Death
Mary Lea Shane died on her 86th birthday of a heart attack at her home in Scotts Valley, California on July 13, 1983.

References

1897 births
1983 deaths
American women astronomers
People from Wilmington, Delaware
People from Scotts Valley, California
University of California, Berkeley alumni


The Prix Napoleon is a prestigious academic award granted annually by the Fondation Napoléon to the best non-Francophone historical work on the First Napoleonic Empire. It is awarded by HIH the Princess Napoléon and the Prince d'Essling (the incumbent President of the Fondation Napoléon) and the prize usually includes around 10,000 Euros, a commemorative plaque, a case of champagne and six glasses.

The Prix Napoleon constitutes part of the Fondation Napoléon's Grand Prix, a series of history prizes and research grants for academics in the Napoleonic field. According to the Fondation Napoléon's website, the prizes are intended to encourage "the study of and interest in the history of the First and Second Empires and the preservation of Napoleonic heritage."

References

External links
 Fondation Napoléon's Official Website
 French Wikipedia Entry for the Fondation Napoléon

Academic awards


The SETCA Milan was a French-built two-seat light utility aircraft of the 1940s manufactured by SETCA (Société d'Études Techniques et de Constructions Aéronautiques).

Design and development
The Milan was designed by Messrs. Laboureix and Lagrevol as a two-seat side-by-side light utility aircraft.  It was of all-wood construction with a fixed spatted tricycle undercarriage and had dual controls.  Powered by a  Regnier 4E.0 inverted inline engine, it first flew in 1947.

Production and service
The Milan obtained its CNRA in August 1949. Its normal  was awarded in 1952. The prototype F-BCZZ was flown until at least 1957, but plans for further production did not reach fruition.

Specifications

References

1940s French civil utility aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1947


Ikšķile Municipality () is a former municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2004 by reorganization of Ikšķile town with its countryside territory, the administrative centre being Ikšķile. In 2010 Tīnūži parish was created from the countryside territory of Ikšķile town. The population in 2020 was 9,888.

On 1 July 2021, Ikšķile Municipality ceased to exist and its territory was merged into Ogre Municipality.

See also
 Administrative divisions of Latvia

References

External links

Former municipalities of Latvia


The People's Guardian Party  (hi:लोक रक्षक) of India was founded in January 2009, by Arun Bhatia. Bhatia is its Chairman and President.

Background
In 2004 Bhatia contested the parliamentary election as an independent candidate from Pune.

Ideology

The ideology of the People's Guardian Party is to:

 Give every honest Indian freedom from fear
 Eliminate mafia rule
 Drive change from Pune.

The party is registered with the Election Commission of India, New Delhi.

Support
In the 2004 election Bhatia received ~60,000 votes. He supported Durga Shakti Nagpal's action against the sand mafia.

See also

 List of political parties in India

References

Ideology

External links

 Election Commission of India

Political parties in India
Political parties established in 2009
2009 establishments in Maharashtra


Ķegums Municipality () is a former municipality in Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2002 by merging Rembate parish and Ķegums town with its countryside territory. In 2009 it absorbed Birzgale parish, too the administrative centre being Ķegums.

On 1 July 2021, Ķegums Municipality ceased to exist and its territory was merged into Ogre Municipality.

See also
 Administrative divisions of Latvia (2009)

References

Former municipalities of Latvia


Battlefields is a comic book metaseries written by Garth Ennis, comprising several mini-series, each illustrated by a different artist and published by Dynamite Entertainment.

Publication history
The series was announced at the 2008 Philadelphia Wizardworld.

The series is divided into self-contained mini-series of three issues, all of which are set during World War II. The first volume in turn consisted of three mini-series. The first mini-series, with artist Russell Braun, titled The Night Witches is set on the Eastern front and concerns a women-only Soviet bomber regiment. The second series, with artist Peter Snejbjerg, titled Dear Billy concerns a British nurse, who had survived rape and attempted execution by Japanese soldiers in Singapore, and her relationship with a decorated flying ace. The third series was Tankies with artist Carlos Ezquerra. It concerns an inexperienced British tank crew of Londoners in a Churchill Tank led by a Geordie veteran sergeant as they attempt to catch up with their company, enduring attacks by Nazi Tiger tanks as the Battle of Normandy rages on.

Starting in 2010, Ennis began the work on the second volume. He used a similar format, with two storylines, The Firefly and His Majesty and Motherland being sequels to Tankies and Night Witches respectively. The other, Happy Valley, was also the first of these to be published, with art by P. J. Holden. Happy Valley deals with a novice pilot assigned to an Australian bomber crew bombing German targets while hoping to stay alive for the three missions remaining until they return home. Firefly follows the same British tank crew as they try to take down a powerful German tank. In Motherland, the star pilot of the Witches gets transferred into a squadron of fighters defending the Russian front and must learn to once again work well with others.

In 2012, Dynamite returned to the series, with a sequel to "The Tankies" and "The Firefly and His Majesty", titled "The Green Fields Beyond", and set during the Korean War. This micro-series began publication in November 2012.

In February 2013, another series, The Fall and Rise of Anna Kharkova, was published. As the third and final installment of the storyline that began with Night Witches and Motherland, this volume covers Anna's experiences from her post-war imprisonment in a Siberian labour camp and her exploits as a jet pilot in the Cold War.

Collected editions
The individual series have been collected into individual trade paperbacks and then each run of three has then been collected into a single hardcover volume:

The Complete Battlefields:
 Volume 1 (hardcover, 268 pages, December 2009, ) collects:
 Night Witches (tpb, 96 pages, March 2009, )
 Dear Billy (tpb, 88 pages, November 2009, )
 Tankies (tpb, 88 pages, September 2009, )
 Volume 2 (hardcover, 200 pages, July 2011, ) collects:
 Happy Valley (tpb, 88 pages, June 2010, )
 The Firefly and His Majesty (tpb, 80 pages, August 2010, )
 Motherland (tpb, 80 pages, February 2011, )
 Volume 3 (hardcover, 144 pages, May 2014, )
 The Green Fields Beyond (tpb, 80 pages, August 2013, )
 The Fall & Rise of Anna Kharkova (tpb, 80 pages, December 2013, )

See also
War Stories, another war comic book series by Ennis
Adventures in the Rifle Brigade, a WWII war comic book series by Ennis and Ezquerra

Notes

References

External links

Review of Night Witches #1, Comic Book Resources
Review of Night Witches #1, Newsarama
Review of Night Witches #2, Comic Book Resources
Review of Dear Billy #1, Comic Book Resources

Comics by Garth Ennis
Comics set during World War II


The Historic Anderson House Hotel is a hotel and event venue in Wabasha, Minnesota, United States.  The hotel opened in 1856 and was Minnesota's oldest continuously operating bed and breakfast inn west of the Mississippi River.  Most of the furniture dates back to 1856 as well.  The building was expanded in 1887.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Hurd House–Anderson Hotel in 1978 for having local significance in the theme of commerce.  It was nominated for being a prominent and long-operating business originating in the years of Wabasha's rapid growth as a river and rail transportation hub.  In 1982 it was also listed as a contributing property to the Wabasha Commercial Historic District.

History
The hotel was built by B.F. Hurd in 1856 and was known as the Hurd House until 1909.  Hurd's son-in-law became owner of the hotel in 1885 and added a third story and a west wing.  He also installed electricity and modern bathrooms.  In 1909 the Anderson family purchased the business and renamed it the Anderson Hotel.

The hotel was known for the Dutch cooking in the restaurant; a 1948 Anderson family cookbook had 500 recipes. It was also famous for the cats which hotel guests could stay with for overnight companionship.  A 1990 children's book, Blumpoe the Grumpoe Meets Arnold the Cat, told the story of a curmudgeon who traveled to Wabasha and was endeared to the black-and-white cat that slept in his room.

The hotel closed for business on March 19, 2009, as a result of the economic downturn.  Owners Teresa and Mike Smith had been trying to sell the inn for three years, but were unsuccessful.  They had been subsidizing the inn with their retirement savings but eventually had to declare bankruptcy.

In 2011 the hotel was purchased by the Yenters and was remodeled.  The hotel reopened a few months later, replacing the restaurant with a museum and ending the tradition of cats in rooms.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Wabasha County, Minnesota

References

Further reading

External links

 Eagles on the River & Historic Anderson House Hotel

1856 establishments in Minnesota Territory
Buildings and structures in Wabasha County, Minnesota
Hotel buildings completed in 1856
Hotel buildings completed in 1887
Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
Hotels established in 1856
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Minnesota
National Register of Historic Places in Wabasha County, Minnesota
Wabasha, Minnesota


Lielvārde Municipality () was a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2004 by reorganization of Lielvārde town with its countryside territory. In 2009 it absorbed Jumprava parish and Lēdmane parish, the administrative centre being Lielvārde. In 2010 Lielvārde parish was created from the countryside territory of Lielvārde town.

On 1 July 2021, Lielvārde Municipality ceased to exist and its territory was merged into Ogre Municipality.

See also
 Administrative divisions of Latvia

References

External links

Former municipalities of Latvia


Kasavanoor is a village in Vedurukuppam mandal, located in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Villages in Chittoor district