Irving Whale is a Canadian barge that sank off the north coast of Prince Edward Island, while en route from Halifax, Nova Scotia to Bathurst, New Brunswick, with a cargo of Bunker C oil in a rich fishing area. It is "one of Canada's most notorious nautical disasters". The barge,  owned by J.D. Irving Ltd., had carried oil for JDI from 1967 until it sank in 1970. She was refloated in 1996, re-fitted as a deck barge, re-activated, and renamed ATL 2701 in 2001 and renamed again in 2009, as Atlantic Sea Lion. Since the accident, she only transports dry cargo.

The barge was refloated in complex, $42 million 70-hour successful recovery in July 1996. It had been well-built and was in  "remarkably good condition, preserved by the cool waters and smooth seabed of the Gulf of St. Lawrence."

The barge was reclaimed by JDI Irving Limited , and towed to Halifax by JDI's Atlantic Towing, where the oil and PCBs were pumped out and the oil sold.

Atlantic Sea Lion, Atlantic Marlin/Swordfish, Atlantic Shark, Atlantic Tuna, and Irving Beaver, are the five barges currently listed in the service of JDI's subsidiary Atlantic Towing.

The federal government of Canada lost a lawsuit through which an attempt was made to recoup the $42 million for the recovery of the Irving Whale. In 2000, the federal government reached a $5 million out-of-court settlement with JDI, which was described as the "worst precedent" of the "Polluter Pays Principle". JDI is a subsidiary of the powerful 96-year-old family-run Saint John, New Brunswick-based Irving Group of Companies, founded by the entrepreneur and industrialist, K. C. Irving  (1899–1992).

Background

The barge—Irving Whale—was laid down at the Saint John Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Ltd., Saint John in 1966. She was launched and commissioned by owner J.D. Irving Limited in 1967. The barge was designed as a tanker barge to carry petroleum products, mostly fuel oil, in spacious eight below-deck cargo tanks, in addition to deck cargo on the main deck. From 1967 to 1970, Irving Whale saw extensive use in the waters of Atlantic Canada after entering service.  The barge's fuel cargo tanks were used exclusively by Irving Oil, a sister company to barge owner J.D. Irving Ltd. She delivered fuel oil such as Bunker C to major industrial customers such as electrical generating stations and pulp and paper mills, as well as top-deck general cargo.

In stormy weather, on 7 September 1970, Irving Whale, loaded with Bunker C oil for the Irving Oil Company and carrying PCBs for its heating system, sank in approximately  of water  northeast of North Cape, Prince Edward Island and  southwest of Cap du Sud-Ouest, Magdalen Islands. In a 1996 CBC report, as she remained at the bottom of the ocean, it called Irving Whale "a pollution timebomb", located in a "very rich fishing area"-an "ecological system" that stretched far into the southern Gulf of Saint Lawrence.

According to a 1995 Maclean's article, J. D. Irving Ltd., took possession of Irving Whale and her cargo and was considering at that time "whether it can be repaired and used again—and whether the oil it was carrying [could] be sold."  In 1997, Irving Whale was renamed and repurposed. She now is used exclusively to carry general cargo on deck, such as wood chips and structural steel. Her area of operations is primarily Atlantic Canada.  In December 2007 ATL 2701 was contracted to haul a cargo of steel pipes through the St. Lawrence Seaway into Lake Ontario destined for the Portlands Energy Centre project in Toronto Harbour.  The ATL 2701/Atlantic Sea Lion  was reported in 2018 as frequently wintering over in Halifax, and mainly being used by Irving to "transport components from Irving Shipbuilding's Woodside fabrication facility to the Halifax Shipyard."

Sinking of the Irving Whale (1970)

On Saturday, 5 September 1970, the tugboat Irving Maple departed Halifax, Nova Scotia towing Irving Whale at 0845 local time.  Irving Whale was carrying a cargo of  or approximately  of Bunker C, also known as #6 fuel oil, destined for the Consolidated-Bathurst Inc. pulp mill in Bathurst, New Brunswick.

Irving Maple towed Irving Whale east from Halifax Harbour along the Eastern Shore, then through the Strait of Canso, transiting the Canso Canal into the Northumberland Strait on Sunday 6 September 1970 at 1300 local time.  The tug/barge took a northerly course into the central Gulf of St. Lawrence, passing between East Point, Prince Edward Island and the Magdalen Islands before turning northwest toward the entrance of Chaleur Bay.

The tug/barge made approximately  until reaching the open Gulf of St. Lawrence between Prince Edward Island and the Magdalen Islands, where Irving Maple reported wind gusts approaching  and choppy seas early on the morning of Monday, 7 September 1970.

At approximately 0700, Irving Maple reported a vibration in the tow rope and it was decided to lengthen the tow from  to  out of concern that Irving Whale might strike the tugboat.

Witnesses stated that the barge, which was being towed was unmanned, and it was "riding low in the water under the weight of 4,297 tons 4,773,967 litres of Bunker C fuel oil."

Immediately after the tow was lengthened, the stern of Irving Whale submerged and the barge took a 45° list.  The crew of Irving Maple provided continuous radio updates to the Canadian Coast Guard as they observed the barge founder over the next 3 hours.

At 1023 local time on 7 September 1970, Irving Whale sank at
 in approximately  of water.  The location of the wreck in the centre of the Gulf of St. Lawrence was approximately  northeast of North Cape, Prince Edward Island and  southwest of Cap du Sud-Ouest, Magdalen Islands.

The exact location of the wreck was known immediately after the sinking as Irving Maple'''s tow line remained connected to Irving Whale.

Since Irving Whale sank stern first following progressive flooding over a three-hour period, the barge ended up settling in an upright position.  The seafloor in the vicinity of the wreck was level and composed of sedimentary sandstone and sand.

The cause of the sinking was attributed to two possible causes as a result of poor weather conditions which potentially caused seawater to accumulate in the aft end of the open deck cargo area,or seawater to flood the engine room through an open door (the barge had a small engine for powering oil cargo pumps and heating systems).

Irving Whale bunker C fuel and PCBs

For 2 days following the sinking, bunker C fuel oil leaked from Irving Whale, covering an area of approximately .  Approximately  of bunker C washed ashore on the Magdalen Islands, polluting approximately  of shoreline; 200,000 bags of oil debris were recovered during cleanup operations in fall 1970 on the Magdalen Islands and buried in sand dunes there.  An unknown amount of bunker C floated into the Atlantic Ocean through the Cabot Strait and some washed ashore on Prince Edward Island as well. Over the 26 years following the sinking of the Irving Whale, oil leak affected "about 80 kilometres of shoreline on the nearby Magdalen Islands and leaked into the Atlantic Ocean from the wreck".

In the fall of 1970 a visual inspection was undertaken of the wreck by a submersible vessel.  Divers secured pressure relief vents to prevent further leaks.  The sinking of Irving Whale resulted in the heating system for the bunker C shutting down.  Within days, the cold waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence caused the oil to congeal, reducing leakage from the barge.

At the time of its sinking in 1970, the location of Irving Whale wreck was considered international waters since it was located further than  from the nearest shoreline.  As a result, the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage held jurisdiction over the pollution caused by the cargo of bunker C leaking from wreck of Irving Whale.  Canada's ratification of the Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) in 1977 saw its jurisdiction extended beyond the  territorial sea to include waters within the new  exclusive economic zone, thus taking jurisdiction over the Irving Whale wreck.

As a result of the sinking, J.D. Irving Ltd. abandoned ownership of the wreck, since it was considered to be in international waters.

From the time of its sinking in 1970 until its salvage in 1996 the Canadian Coast Guard made regular aircraft and surface surveillance of the wreck site to check for pollution; Transport Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Environment Canada assisted CCG in surveillance operations. Irving Whale lost approximately  of bunker C, leaving approximately  of its cargo of fuel oil on board. Throughout the 1970s until its salvage in 1996, Irving Whale had continued to experience minor leakage from her cargo vents and other valves.  Throughout the 26-year period it was submerged in the salt waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the thickness of the barge's steel hull was reduced by approximately  as a result of corrosion.

In his May 2014 court decision on Irving versus their insurers, Justice Sean Harrington said that the federal "government of the day was pursuing a political agenda...This was post Exxon Valdez"—in reference to the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill.  "[T]he principle of 'polluter pays' was in vogue...although the precise timing of the refloating may have been political, the fact remains that the Irving Whale would have broken up, probably sooner, rather than later, she would corrode and break up, releasing well over 3,000 [tonnes] of oil to the great prejudice of the marine habitat, the shoreline, and those dependent upon the sea and shore."

Transport Canada conducted detailed inspections of the Irving Whale wreck in 1989 and 1990 which confirmed that the barge was leaking approximately  of bunker C per day.  In September 1990 the Public Review Panel on Tanker Safety and Marine Response Capability noted the thinning of the barge's hull and the potential for a catastrophic release of the remaining cargo of bunker C fuel oil.  It recommended a decision be made within 12 months on whether to remove the oil and/or raise Irving Whale.  Both Transport Canada and Environment Canada commissioned two additional studies in 1992 to evaluate options for dealing with the barge and its cargo; both studies recommended pumping the oil without raising the barge.  In 1993, the Ship-source Oil Pollution Fund, Canada's domestic replacement to the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, commissioned a study of Irving Whale; it confirmed both pumping the oil or lifting the barge with oil on board were feasible, however lifting the barge with the oil was preferable as it was less risky to the environment.

A 1993 inspection of the wreck confirmed additional small leaks from cargo vents; hatches were reinforced and the vents sealed.  A 1994 inspection of the wreck confirmed several vents were still leaking  per day, far less than the previous year.  That same year, the CCG created two Public Advisory Committees, one in Prince Edward Island and the other in the Magdalen Islands as part of a consultation process for dealing with the wreck.

In 1994 the Government of Canada committed to raising Irving Whale and cleaning the wreck site from contamination.

$42 million Irving Whale salvage (1996)

In 1971, the Government of Canada Department of Transport issued a biddings for dredging of the Irving Whale. In a 19 March 1975 CBC As it Happens interview, five years after the sinking, concerns were raised about an ecological catastrophe on PEI shores with a million gallons of Bunker C still in the hold of the Whale. Conservative MP for P.E.I. Keith McQuarrie, said that a dredging project to raise the Whale had been dropped because of overpriced bidding by 3 companies—Atlantic Salvage and Dredging, Marine Industries Limited, and Murphy Industries, who had submitted tenders in 1973 ranging from $1.7 million to over $4 million. The estimates were higher than the government had estimated so no dredging was undertaken. A later investigation on corporations colluding in a number tenders involving twenty defendants, resulted in the Supreme Court Case R v Canadian Dredge & Dock Co. The Irving Whale dredging tender was part of this case and it was revealed that a process of bid rigging had occurred. The defendants included four corporations-Canadian Dredge & Dock Company, Marine Industries Limited, The J.P. Porter Company Limited, and Richelieu Dredging Corporation Inc.). The corporations were charged and convicted of fraud and conspiracy.

On 23 June 1995, J.D. Irving Ltd. revealed the presence of PCB fluid within the cargo heating system pipes of the barge. The Canadian Coast Guard were embarrassed that they had not detected the presence of PCBs.

Concerns were raised that the PCBs could be released if attempts were made to raise the Whale or to remove the Bunker C oil. In response to the filing of an injunction by the "Société pour vaincre la pollution Inc." (SVP) and the "Regroupement madelinot pour la protection du golfe Inc."  to stop salvage efforts pending an investigation under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act.  The Federal Court of Canada granted a three-month court injunction 21 August 1995, to halt the operation, which has already begun with preparatory work on the barge on 18 July 1995.  The recovery was postponed until the next "weather window" in summer 1996. Environmentalists called the Irving Whale "a pollution timebomb" as the Whale was in a "very rich fishing area"-an "ecological system" that stretches far into the southern Gulf of Saint Lawrence.

In March 1995 Environment Canada reached an agreement with an Irving Oil company—Atlantic Towing Ltd.—to provide assistance in the salvage operation, and with Irving Shipbuilding, who would clean and recover of Irving Whale upon her salvage.  In June 1995, Donjon McAllister Joint Venture of New Jersey won the contract to lift Irving Whale with a tendered price of $12.1 million.

Further analysis of the environmental consequences of salvaging Irving Whale took place in fall 1995 and winter 1996.  In April 1996 SVP dropped its injunction against the project.

On 30 July 1996, Irving Whale was hoisted by derrick barges Chesapeake and Boabarge 9 to the surface in approximately 70 minutes.  Irving Whale was then floated on board the semi-submersible barge Boabarge 10, which transported Irving Whale to Halifax, Nova Scotia. Irving Whale arrived in Halifax Harbour on 7 August 1996 and was transferred to the care of Irving Shipbuilding.  The barge's cargo was removed and the cargo hold cleaned before the barge underwent a refit at Irving Shipbuilding subsidiary Halifax Dartmouth Industries Limited.  Following refit, the barge was transferred to Atlantic Towing Ltd. and renamed ATL 2701 in 2001 for service as a general cargo barge. 'It was renamed again as Atlantic Sea Lion  in 2009.

The Atlantic Sea Lion, the Atlantic Marlin/Swordfish, the Atlantic Shark, the Atlantic Tuna, and the Irving Beaver, are the five barges currently listed in the service of JDI's subsidiary Atlantic Towing.

Federal government paid for $33 million salvage
The cost of the salvage operation was $42 million.  This cost of the salvage operation, which totalled $42 million was assumed by the federal government with great controversy, given the wealth of Irving Oil Ltd., owner of the cargo of oil, and J.D. Irving Ltd., owner of the barge.

On 29 July 1997 the federal government sued in the Federal Court to recover the $42 million with the owners of Irving Whale, J.D. Irving Ltd., as well as the Ship Source Oil Pollution Fund and the International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund 1971.  In Canada v J.D. Irving Ltd., the plaintiff (the federal government) sought action against the defendants (the barge's owners and charterers) based on the statutory liability of an "owner" under subsection 677(1) of the Canada Shipping Act, as well as on the torts of negligence and nuisance. The defendants centred their defence on whether the action by the government was time barred and whether legislation created after the sinking of Irving Whale could be applied retroactively. The case was heard on 9–10 December 1998 in Montreal.  The decision was released on 21 December 1998 in favour of the defendants. The federal government filed an appeal in the Federal Court of Appeal in 1999 that was heard on 2 May 2000.  The appeal was rejected.

On 17 July 2000, the federal government reached a $5 million out-of-court settlement with J.D. Irving Ltd. to recover some of the $42 million it cost to salvage of Irving Whale. Daniel Green of the environmental group SVP said if this is an example of the 1985 "Polluter Pays Principle", it is "the worst precedent that one could have." The $5 million is in addition to the $4 million that J.D. Irving Ltd. contributed during the recovery and clean-up of Irving Whale''.  In reality, Irving did not directly pay this $5 million, but managed to receive an insurance payout to cover this cost."The Canadian government had to pay the remainder of the recovery costs, which amounted to $33 million.

According to Irving, the company’s salvage company, Atlantic Salvage, had assisted with $4 million of the cleanup costs. J. D. Irving Ltd., environmental director, Bill Borland, said that the Irving organization had contributed "assistance worth "millions of dollars" by having tugs, barges and pumps at the scene in case of an oil spill during the operation."

Reactivation as ATL 2701
The Irving Whale was refit and renamed ATL 2701 and put into active service as a barge for the Irving company. Cargoes included wood chips, steel pipes mainly in Atlantic Canada and also in 2007 Toronto Harbour.

Aftermath
Environment Canada said in February 1999, that testing showed that there were still approximately "150 kilograms of PCBs" on the ocean floor where the Whale had sunk.  This represents approximately 1% of the amount of PCBs in the entire Gulf of St. Lawrence.While "neither human nor marine life" was "threatened", "commercial fishing in the immediate area" was "prohibited." The Department of Fisheries and Oceans announced in April 1999 that, based on a third party report and consultation with the "crab fishing industry", they would take a "precautionary approach in addressing the status of the fishing exclusion zone" and keep the existing closure in place while continuing long-term monitoring of the site contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB).

While the dispute with the federal government had ended in 2000, with the Irving companies paying $5-million "without admitting liability", this legal battle between the Irvings and their insurers who, "coincidentally, had covered them for up to $5-million". The policy was decades-old and that the Irvings were not legally obliged to pay $5 million. In his May 2014 court decision which ruled in favour of the Irvings, Justice Sean Harrington said that the government had "concluded the Irving Whale was "a time bomb", and that "[s]ooner, rather than later, she would corrode and break up, releasing well over 3,000 [tonnes] of oil to the great prejudice of the marine habitat, the shoreline, and those dependent upon the sea and shore." If it had gone to trial,  the settlement could have been as much as $20 million.

Notes

See also
List of shipwrecks in 1970

References

Further reading
 The Sinking and Raising of the Irving Whale Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
 Operation Irving Whale Environment Canada
 Environmental Emergencies - Irving Whale Barge Environment Canada
 Canada's RADARSAT Satellite Captures the Irving Whale Salvage Natural Resources Canada

Barges of Canada
1966 ships
Maritime incidents in 1970
Transport disasters in 1970
1970 disasters in Canada


Georg Frederik Ferdinand Allen (1856–1925) was a Danish singing teacher, conductor and composer. He was the brother of musician Robert William Otto Allen.

A pupil of Gustav Helsted, he later studied in Paris and London. He was then a singing teacher in Copenhagen and during 1888 to 1892 a teacher at a conservatory in New York City and the singer at Trinity Church. He conducted for various singing organizations in Copenhagen: including the Artisans' Association choir and the Forsvarsbrøcrenes Mason choir.

References
Dansk Biografisk Leksikon

Male composers
Danish conductors (music)
Male conductors (music)
1856 births
1925 deaths
20th-century Danish musicians
19th-century Danish composers
20th-century Danish composers
20th-century conductors (music)
20th-century Danish male musicians
19th-century Danish male musicians
Danish expatriates in France
Danish expatriates in the United Kingdom


Fader Label is an independent record label based in New York City that has released albums by Slayyyter, Clairo, Matt and Kim, Yuna, Neon Indian, and more. It was founded in 2002 by Rob Stone and Jon Cohen.

History

Fader Label was founded in 2002 by Rob Stone and Jon Cohen. In January 2016 the label established a distribution deal with Caroline Distribution, an independent service and distribution division of Capitol Music Group.

In October 2019, the label officially announced the expansion of its staff, marking the largest team in its 17-year history, as well as new additions to its artist roster.

Releases
 S********R - Slayyyter (2023)
 Erotic Electronic - Slayyyter (2023)
 Miss Belladonna  - Slayyyter (2023)
 Out Of Time - Slayyyter (2023)
Marginalia (EP) – ella jane (2022)
THIS IS NOT WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE! (EP) – ella jane (2021)
Tendency to be a Loner – Zachary Knowles (2021)
 Sling - Clairo (2021)
Troubled Paradise – Slayyyter (2021)
Over This! – Slayyyter (2021)
Clouds – Slayyyter (2021)
Troubled Paradise (single) – Slayyyter (2021)
Throatzillaaa – Slayyyter (2020)
Self Destruct – Slayyyter (2020)
August – Lewis Del Mar (2020)
Immunity – Clairo (2019)
Almost Everyday – Matt and Kim (2018)
diary 001 (EP) – Clairo (2018)
We Were the Weirdos – Matt and Kim (2016)
Lightning – Matt and Kim (2012)
Yuna – Yuna (2012)
Decorate (EP) – Yuna (2011)
Sidewalks – Matt and Kim (2010)
In This Light and on This Evening – Editors (2009)
Grand – Matt and Kim (2009)
From the Mountain to the Sea – Birdmonster (2008)
The Inevitable Rise and Liberation of NiggyTardust! – Saul Williams (2007)

Current artists
Lewis Del Mar
Clairo
Matt and Kim
Jiubel
Charlie Burg
Super Duper
Fractures
Slayyyter
James Ivy
Ella Jane

Catalog artists
Neon Indian
Yuna
Saul Williams
The Bots
Alan Vega
Editors
The Cool Kids

References

External links

American record labels
Companies based in New York City
2002 establishments in New York City


The Lea Park Formation is a stratigraphical unit of Late Cretaceous age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, Canada.

It takes the name from the settlement of Lea Park, Alberta, located north-west of Lloydminster on the banks of the North Saskatchewan River. It was first defined in an outcrop on the river banks, located in section 15-11-54-3W4M by J.A. Allan in 1918. The early campanian age was determined from its foraminifera and mollusks found in the formation.

Lithology
The Lea Park Formation is composed of dark shale with minor siltstone.

Calcite veins and ironstone concretions, as well as bentonite beds are found throughout the formation.

Distribution
The Lea Park Formation reaches a maximum depth of  in its eastern reaches. It occurs in the sub-surface in west-central Alberta and extends eastwards through north-eastern Alberta and north-western Saskatchewan.

Relationship to other units

The Lea Park Formation is conformably overlain (and laterally replaced )by the Judith River Formation and conformably overlies the First White Speckled Shale of the Colorado Group.

It is equivalent to Judith River Formation, Clagett Formation and Eagle Formation in northern Montana, and is replaced by the Belly River Formation, Pakowki Formation and Milk River Formation in southern Alberta. In eastern Saskatchewan and in Manitoba it is equivalent to the Gammon Ferruginous Member, Pembina Member and lower Millwood Member of the Pierre Shale. The Lower Lea Park correlates with the Puskwaskau Formation in north-western Alberta, and the entire formation is equivalent to part of the Wapiabi Formation in the northern Canadian Rockies

References

Shale formations
Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
Cretaceous Alberta


Brian Donald Young (born October 2, 1958) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played eight games in the National Hockey League with the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1980–81 season. Young was a fourth round selection by the Black Hawks in the 1978 NHL Amateur Draft. He spent the majority of his career with Schwenninger ERC of the German Bundesliga, where he played from 1981 to 1987.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards
 WCHL Second All-Star Team – 1978

External links

1958 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks draft picks
Chicago Blackhawks players
Dallas Black Hawks players
ECH Chur players
Estevan Bruins players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Kölner Haie players
New Brunswick Hawks players
New Westminster Bruins players
People from Jasper, Alberta
Schwenningen ERC players


Ancharius griseus is a species of catfish of family Anchariidae. It inhabits the Onilahy River basin of western Madagascar.  A. griseus reaches about  SL.

See also
 Ancharius (fish)
 Ancharius fuscus

References

griseus
Fish described in 2005


Playlist: The Very Best of Our Lady Peace is a compilation album consisting of select remastered recordings by alternative rock band Our Lady Peace. It is the band's second compilation album following A Decade, which was released in 2006.

Many popular favorites from Our Lady Peace, such as "One Man Army", "In Repair" and "Life", do not appear on the album. The album includes lesser-known band favorites including "Stealing Babies" and "The Wonderful Future". The album was released in the United States on March 31, 2009.

Track listing

"Starseed" (from Naveed)
"Naveed" (from Naveed)
"Superman's Dead" (from Clumsy)
"Clumsy" (from Clumsy)
"Car Crash" (from Clumsy)
"Stealing Babies" (from Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch)
"Are You Sad" (from Spiritual Machines)
"The Wonderful Future" (from Spiritual Machines)
"Somewhere Out There" (from Gravity)
"Innocent" (from Gravity)
"Not Enough" (from Gravity)
"Apology" (from Healthy in Paranoid Times)
"Angels Losing Sleep" (from Healthy in Paranoid Times)
"Wipe That Smile Off Your Face" (from Healthy in Paranoid Times)

See also
Our Lady Peace discography
A Decade
Playlist (album series)

References

Our Lady Peace albums
Our Lady Peace
2009 compilation albums


Robert William Otto Allen  (18 March 1852 – 9 December 1888) was a Danish pianist, composer and conductor. He was the brother of conductor Georg Frederik Ferdinand Allen.

He trained at the Royal Academy of Music as a student of Edmund Neupert. From the late 1870s he was a music teacher in Aarhus and in 1885 he became organist at Århus Cathedral. He was a frequent contributor to the Aarhus music scene both as a pianist, as conductor and as a composer.

Notable compositions include Koncertouverture i G-Dur (1881), Ouverture til Dina (1886) and Løft dit hoved, du raske gut (1883).

References

Male composers
Danish classical pianists
Danish classical organists
Male classical organists
1852 births
1888 deaths
19th-century Danish composers
19th-century classical pianists
Male classical pianists
19th-century Danish male musicians
19th-century organists


Neil Leonard Dula Etheridge (born 7 February 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for  club Birmingham City and the Philippines national team.

He joined the Fulham Academy after three years as a trainee at Chelsea and made his debut for Fulham in the UEFA Europa League against Danish club Odense Boldklub, though he never played in a league match with the club. While with Fulham from 2006 until 2014 he was loaned to various lower tier clubs; Leatherhead, Charlton Athletic, Bristol Rovers, and Crewe Alexandra.

After leaving Fulham, Etheridge signed with Oldham Athletic before he was loaned to Charlton Athletic. He joined Charlton on a permanent basis in 2015 after his contract with Oldham ended. After months of being without a club, Etheridge joined Walsall, going on to make more than 90 appearances in all competitions in two seasons. He then moved on to Championship club Cardiff City in 2017. After establishing himself as Cardiff City's first choice goalkeeper, he helped the Welsh side win promotion to the Premier League. He joined Birmingham City, also of the Championship, three years later.

Etheridge has one British and one Filipino parent; in international football, he played for his native England at under-16 level, and at senior level has represented the Philippines since 2008 and captained the team. In August 2018, while with Cardiff City, he became the first Filipino to play in the Premier League.

Early life
Etheridge was born in Enfield, London to an English father, Martin Etheridge, and a Filipino mother, Merlinda Dula, a native of Tarlac. He took up football at the age of nine, initially playing as a left midfielder or striker before switching to playing as a goalkeeper in 2000 after volunteering to switch due to an injury to his youth side's regular goalkeeper. He attended Court Moor School in Fleet, Hampshire, where he also represented Hampshire Schools and the Aldershot & Farnborough district teams.

Club career

Chelsea Academy
Having played for local youth sides Cuffy Chiefs and Hart Boys, Etheridge began attending the Chelsea Academy in 2003 at under-14 level, where he was also teammates with eventual Philippine internationals James and Phil Younghusband. He started out as a forward but eventually switched to playing as a goalkeeper at the suggestion of his coach.

Fulham

In 2006, he moved to local rivals Fulham, and signed professional terms for the club. Etheridge signed for Isthmian League Division One South club Leatherhead in September 2008 on loan for the 2008–09 season. During his loan spell, he received the first red card of his career, being sent off for dissent during a 2–1 defeat to Sittingbourne in a preliminary round of the FA Trophy. He made six league appearances.

In September 2009, Etheridge underwent surgery on both knees after suffering from tendinitis. He was expected to be out for the entire 2009–10 season but returned in January 2010, eventually making nine appearances for the reserves. By the end of the season he signed a new one-year deal, keeping him at Fulham until the summer of 2011, attributing his contract extension to his quick recovery. Etheridge received his first senior team call-up on 11 September 2010, when he was named on the substitutes' bench as cover for Mark Schwarzer in a home game against Wolverhampton Wanderers due to an injury to regular second-choice goalkeeper David Stockdale. In March 2011, Etheridge joined League One club Charlton Athletic on loan, but was recalled six days later without playing for them. Etheridge signed a new contract in May that would extend his stay at Craven Cottage until the summer of 2013.

He made his first senior appearance for Fulham against Odense Boldklub in the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League on 14 December. On 23 March 2012 upon his return to Fulham after completing his international duties, it was announced that Etheridge would be out for the rest of the season due to a wrist injury that was sustained in the 2012 AFC Challenge Cup. He recovered quickly and on 9 May he has been able to play in the development squad's last game of the season against the reserves of West Bromwich Albion.

He joined League Two club Bristol Rovers on an initial one-month loan on 20 September 2012. He made his first Football League appearance for Rovers against Fleetwood Town on 22 September,  which was his and Rovers' first clean sheet of 2012–13 season. His arrival at the club coincided with an improvement in the club's form, leading to his loan deal being extended until December 2013. On 21 November, Fulham confirmed that Etheridge had been recalled from his loan at Bristol Rovers.

Etheridge signed a one-year extension to his Fulham contract on 8 May 2013, with the option of a further year extension. On 22 November 2013, he joined League One club Crewe Alexandra on loan until 1 January 2014. He rejoined the club on 25 February 2014 on loan until 13 April, but was recalled on 4 April by Fulham. At the end of the 2013–14 season, he was released by Fulham.

Oldham Athletic and return to Charlton Athletic
Following his release from Fulham, Etheridge used his own money to train with Charlton, one of his former loan clubs, where he knew the goalkeeping coach. Struggling to make a living, he was set to return to the Philippines and had already sold his house and cars before joining  League One club Oldham Athletic on a two-month deal on 30 October 2014. During his time with the club, he lived at his friend's house, sleeping on the sofa, later describing his situation as "what you've got to do to get by." Etheridge later reminisced on his circumstances, stating that he questioned whether he would ever play football again. He made one appearance for Oldham during his time with the club during a Football League Trophy match against Preston North End.

Etheridge rejoined Charlton Athletic on 27 November 2014 on a one-month loan deal. He made his league debut for Charlton on 26 December, in a 1–1 draw against Cardiff City. Manager Bob Peeters had opted to play Etheridge, Charlton's third-choice goalkeeper, ahead of second-choice Nick Pope whose performances in previous games Peeters had described as "a bit unlucky". After the loan, he signed a signed a short-term contract on 5 January 2015 with Charlton until the end of the 2014–15 season. He was released on 12 May 2015 following the end of his contract.

Walsall
Etheridge joined League One club Walsall on 2 July 2015 after agreeing a two-year deal. Signed to compete with Craig MacGillivray for the first-choice goalkeeper spot, he made his debut for the club on the opening day of the 2015–16 season in a 1–1 draw with his former club Oldham. Etheridge credits Walsall's goalkeeper coach Neil Cutler with improving his ability, commenting that Cutler had "taken me to another level." Cutler himself praised Etheridge's progression, stating "with a bit more experience he can go as high as he wants because he makes match-winning saves." In his first season, he made 50 appearances in all competitions, helping the side reach the League One play-offs where they suffered defeat in the semi-final to Barnsley.

During his second season with Walsall, Etheridge was one of just four senior players retained from the previous year. He kept 12 clean sheets in 44 appearances as the club finished the season in 14th place, missing the last five matches of the season due to injury. In January 2017, Cardiff City approached Walsall over a potential transfer but pulled out due to the asking price. He played a total of 94 matches with Walsall during his two seasons at the club.

Cardiff City
On 30 May 2017, Etheridge signed for Championship club Cardiff City on a free transfer, after rejecting a new three-year contract with Walsall. Etheridge made his debut for the club on the opening day of the 2017–18 season, keeping a clean sheet during a 1–0 victory over Burton Albion. Etheridge performed well enough playing for Cardiff that fellow goalkeeper Lee Camp was loaned to Sunderland after recovering from injury. He helped his club earn promotion to the Premier League, featuring in 45 out of 46 league matches of the 2017–18 Championship season, keeping 19 clean sheets and conceding 37 goals.

Following the club's promotion, Etheridge was rewarded with a new three-year contract by the club. On 11 August 2018, he became the first player from the Philippines and Southeast Asia to play in the Premier League, in a 2–0 loss to AFC Bournemouth, during which he saved a penalty from Callum Wilson. His penalty save also made him the first goalkeeper to save a penalty on his Premier League debut since Allan McGregor for Hull City in 2013. A week later, he saved another penalty in injury time, from Newcastle United's Kenedy, to guarantee a goalless draw. Etheridge's impressive form led to him being nominated for the August Premier League Player of the Month award. Cardiff were relegated from the Premier League after finishing in 18th position and Etheridge won the club's Player of the Year award.

On the opening day of the 2019–20 season, Etheridge suffered a hamstring injury during a 3–2 loss at Wigan Athletic, which ruled him out for two months. Alex Smithies replaced Etheridge as Cardiff's first-choice goalkeeper for most of the season. Ahead of the 2020–21 season, with Smithies considered the starting goalkeeper, Cardiff made Etheridge available for a possible transfer.

Birmingham City
Etheridge signed a four-year contract with Championship club Birmingham City on 11 September 2020; the fee was undisclosed. He was on the bench for the following day's match, in which the 19-year-old debutant Zach Jeacock kept a clean sheet, and came into the starting eleven for the goalless draw at Swansea City a week later.

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Etheridge received hospital treatment in July 2021 after he contracted COVID-19. Consequently, Etheridge had not played a single league match for Birmingham by October 2021 despite having featured in the 2021–22 EFL Cup.

With John Ruddy established as first-choice goalkeeper for the 2022–23 season, Etheridge did not make a Championship appearance until 18 April, when Ruddy was injured during the first half of the visit to Millwall. Between them, they kept a clean sheet in a 1–0 win that ensured Birmingham's Championship status for a further season.

International career

England youth
Etheridge is a former England under-16 international, having played in the 2005 Victory Shield, in which England and Wales eventually shared the trophy. Despite having represented England at youth level, he remained eligible to represent the Philippines through his mother.

Philippines

Early years
In 2007, Etheridge received an invitation to play for the Philippines but declined the offer, citing unfamiliarity with the language and the players. He was again invited in early 2008, this time by the new Philippine Football Federation president Jose Mari Martinez. He eventually accepted the invitation after speaking to the new manager and learning about the setup, and after encouragement from Chelsea youth teammate Phil Younghusband. He officially switched allegiance to the Philippines in April 2008. He made his full international debut against Brunei in the 2008 AFC Challenge Cup qualifiers, playing in all three of his country's matches. He kept three clean sheets but the Philippines still failed to qualify due to an inferior goal difference to group winners Tajikistan.

He was called up again later that year for the 2008 AFF Suzuki Cup qualification matches. In their opening match, Etheridge kept his fourth successive clean sheet, as the Philippines defeated Timor-Leste 1–0. However, in their remaining three fixtures, Etheridge conceded five goals as the Philippines won another match, drew one and lost one, before being eliminated on the basis of their goals scored record after finishing tied for second. Etheridge later credited his debut for the Philippines in 2008 to his later progress in his club career in 2018 due to having experienced playing for the national team before a crowd of up to 90,000.

2010 onward
In 2010, Etheridge was named in the Philippines' squad for the 2010 AFF Suzuki Cup. The Philippines came in second in their group, with one win and two draws, and conceding only one goal, but both legs of the semi-finals ended in 1–0 defeats for the Philippines against Indonesia. He was then called up for his country for the AFC Challenge Cup Qualifiers where he conceded only a single goal, enabling the Philippines to qualify for the group stage. Etheridge announced his interest to join the squad for the 2012 AFC Challenge Cup but was originally in doubt to be included due to club commitments. However, after receiving clearance from Fulham to travel, he was included in the final 23-man squad.

On 9 March 2012 against North Korea, he saved a penalty taken by Pak Song-chol in the 16th minute as the match ended 2–0. He was sent off in the closing minutes of the semi-final match against Turkmenistan, which the Philippines lost 2–1. Due to the red card, he was suspended for the subsequent third place play-off match, in which the Philippines defeated Palestine 4–3.

In August 2014, Etheridge was not included in the training squad for the 2014 Peace Cup, which also serves as the country's preliminary squad for the 2014 AFF Suzuki Cup, due to a lack of first team club football. He labelled manager Thomas Dooley "disrespectful" over the omission.

In October 2016, it was announced that Etheridge would not be included in the 2016 AFF Championship squad, because of club commitments with Walsall. Etheridge expressed disappointment of missing out on the regional championship, but added that he was committed to playing for his club. In 2018, Etheridge was part of the Philippines' squad that qualified for the AFC Asian Cup for the first time in the nation's history. However, the national side and his club side Cardiff reached an agreement to allow Etheridge to miss the tournament in order to focus on his place as the Premier League side's first-choice goalkeeper.

In June 2022, Etheridge was appointed by head coach Thomas Dooley as captain of the Philippines national team.

Personal life
Etheridge has been married to Alexandra Solera since May 2021 and the two have a daughter. Prior to their marriage, Etheridge was engaged to Solera for three years. In the Philippines, Etheridge has worked as an underwear model. In 2015, he opened the Neil Etheridge Goalkeeping Academy in Manila.

Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Cardiff City
EFL Championship runner-up: 2017–18

Philippines
AFC Challenge Cup runner-up:2014

Individual
 Philippine Sportswriters Association Footballer of the Year (Mr. Football Award): 2018

References

External links

Profile at the Cardiff City F.C. website

1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Enfield, London
English men's footballers
Filipino men's footballers
England men's youth international footballers
Philippines men's international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Chelsea F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
Leatherhead F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Crewe Alexandra F.C. players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Isthmian League players
English Football League players
Premier League players
British Asian footballers
English people of Filipino descent
Filipino British sportspeople


This page shows the results of the Karate Competition for men and women at the 1999 Pan American Games, held from July 23 to August 8, 1999 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Men's competition

Kata

Kumite (– 60 kg)

Kumite (– 65 kg)

Kumite (– 70 kg)

Kumite (– 75 kg)

Kumite (– 80 kg)

Kumite (+ 80 kg)

Women's competition

Kata

Kumite (– 53 kg)

Kumite (– 60 kg)

Kumite (+ 60 kg)

Medal table

References
 Sports 123

P
1999
Events at the 1999 Pan American Games


Daniel Ring (28 May 1900 – 9 February 1960) was an Irish hurler who played as a centre-back at senior level for the Cork county team.

Ring made his first appearance for the team during the 1919 championship and was a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement after the 1925 championship. During that time he won one All-Ireland medal and two Munster medals.

At club level Ring was a multiple county championship medalist with St Finbarr's.

References

1900 births
1960 deaths
St Finbarr's hurlers
Cork inter-county hurlers
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners


John McKellar (June 10, 1833 – February 3, 1900) was a businessman and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He was the first mayor of Fort William, Ontario (later part of Thunder Bay), serving from 1892 to 1898.

He was born in Mosa Township, London District, Upper Canada, the son of Duncan McKellar and Margaret Brodie, both immigrants from Scotland, and was schooled at home. The family moved to Ontonagon County in 1855 but left Michigan at the start of the American Civil War. McKellar and his brothers Peter and Donald laid claim to a number of mining properties north of Lake Superior; the profitable mines were generally sold to American interests. With the aid of his cousin Archibald McKellar, he received a land grant on the Kaministiquia River within the future borders of Fort William. McKellar served on the council for the municipality of Shuniah which governed the Lakehead townships. In 1881, six townships, including Neebing Additional Township where McKellar's property was located, separated from Shuniah and formed a new municipality, known as the Municipality of Neebing. McKellar later became a councillor, then reeve for Neebing 1888-92. He campaigned for the incorporation of the town of Fort William and served as its first mayor. McKellar died in Fort William at the age of 66.

The John McKellar Memorial Hospital (later McKellar General Hospital) was named in his honour in 1902.

References

 F. Brent Scollie, Thunder Bay Mayors & Councillors 1873-1945 (Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, 2000), 206-207.

1833 births
1900 deaths
Mayors of Fort William, Ontario


Gogo arcuatus is a species of catfish of the family Anchariidae endemic to Madagascar where it is found in the Sandrananta River basin.  It grows to a length of 18.1 cm.

References

Anchariidae
Taxa named by Heok Hee Ng
Taxa named by John Stephen Sparks
Fish described in 2005


Gogo atratus is a species of catfish of the family Anchariidae endemic to Madagascar where it is found in the Mananara du Nord River drainage in northeastern Madagascar.  It grows to a length of 17.1 cm.

G. atratus is strictly nocturnal. It reproduces at the end of the dry season and at the onset of the rainy season. The size of the eggs suggests that this species exhibits parental care, though this is unproven. G. atratus feed on aquatic insects and small freshwater shrimp.

References

Anchariidae
Taxa named by Heok Hee Ng
Taxa named by John Stephen Sparks
Taxa named by Paul V. Loiselle
Fish described in 2008


Gogo brevibarbis is a species of catfish in the family Anchariidae. It is commonly referred to as the vaona though this name also refers to Ancharius fuscus. It is endemic to Madagascar where it is only known from the holotype, which is apparently from the Mananjary River basin.  Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss. It grows to a length of 25 cm.

References

 Loiselle, P. & participants of the CBSG/ANGAP CAMP "Faune de Madagascar" workshop 2004.  Ancharius brevibarbis.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 3 August 2007.

Anchariidae
Freshwater fish of Madagascar
Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger
Fish described in 1911


Antònia Font () is a Majorcan band, formed in 1997. They are characterized by their festive music and their humorous and fantastic lyrics. The group's creative universe includes elements such as outer space and astronautics, combined with themes from everyday life. Their lyrics are written in the Catalan variant spoken in Mallorca.
They are generally classified as a pop group, though they have stated that they do not have any "stylistic prejudices" when composing songs.

Joan Miquel Oliver, the group's guitarist, composed the songs. Oliver has also recorded solo albums and written for other groups, including Fora des Sembrat.

On 28 November 2013, the band announced that they officially retired, leaving behind 16 years of musical career. In 2021 they were announced to participate at the 20th edition of the Primavera Sound festival in Barcelona, marking their reunion concert.

In 2022, the news of the group's return was confirmed.

History

Origin of the name
An assertion was made stating that the group have a friend named Antònia Font and liked the idea of giving a band composed of five men a woman's name.

Trajectory
In 1997 Antònia Font recorded a demo with the tracks Cibernauta Joan, l'Univers és una festa, Rumba and Es xifon és un aparato. Their first concert took place the same year in Bunyola.

In 1999 they recorded their eponymous first album, Antònia Font, at TJ So studios in Bunyola with producer Tomeu Janer.

Two years later, on 17 February 2001, they presented their second album in Barcelona: A Rússia. According to Pau Debon, the group's vocalist, the band opted for stylistic continuity with their first album because the style adopted had worked well and they were pleased with it. The album received the 2001 Disc català de l'any (Catalan album of the year) prize awarded by Ràdio 4.

Their subsequent album, Alegria, appeared one year later. Without abandoning their style, the tone and rhythm of the songs underwent a much greater change between the second album and this one than between the first and second albums.

Taxi, Antònia Font's fourth album, came out in 2004. The CD was released with an accompanying DVD and text. Taxi was named album of the year at the Mercat de Música Viva de Vic and by the Catalan music magazines Enderrock and Rock'n'clàssic.

In 2006 Batiscafo Katiuscas was released. This album saw the group incorporate sounds and rhythms inspired by music from the 1980s.

On the 2007 album Coser i cantar, Antònia Font reinterpreted twenty of their songs with orchestral accompaniment. The album was recorded in Bratislava, Slovakia at Studio 2 of Slovak National Radio, with fifty string and wind musicians from the Bratislava Symphony Orchestra performing arrangements by the Majorcan composer Miquel Àngel Aguiló. For this work they received the 2008 Academia de la Música award for "Best Pop Album", becoming the first artist to win a general category (one open to work performed in any language) at the Premios de la Música with a Catalan-language album. In July 2008, Antònia Font were awarded the annual Premi Nacional de Música from the Generalitat de Catalunya for Coser i cantar.

In April 2011, the group released their seventh album, Lamparetes, on their own label, Robot Innocent Companyia Discogràfica. It debuted at number three on the Spanish albums chart, becoming the band's highest-charting album to date.

On August 2010, during the music festival of Cardedeu, some fans made a lipdub with their song "Extraterrestres".

In November 2013, the group announced they would be disbanding at the end of the year. A final concert was planned for 27 December in Palma. Due to high demand, two additional shows were added. Antònia Font played three consecutive farewell concerts in Palma on 26, 27, and 28 December.

Discography
 Antònia Font (1999)
 A Rússia (2001)
 Alegria (2002)
 Taxi (2004)
 Batiscafo Katiuscas (2006)
 Coser i Cantar (2007)
 Lamparetes (2011)
 Vostè és aquí (2012)
 Un minut estroboscòpica (2022)

Bibliography

References

 Official Facebook Page

Spanish musical groups
Balearic music
Música Global artists


ATMOS (Autonomous Truck Mounted howitzer System) is a 155 mm/52 calibre self-propelled gun system manufactured by Israeli military manufacturer  Soltam Systems.

The system is long range, fast moving, truck mounted with high firepower and mobility, rapid deployment, short response time, operable in all terrain areas. The system is integrated with a fully computerized system, providing an automatic control, accurate navigation and target acquisition, the system is offered with various gun barrel lengths, ranging from 39 to 52 calibre, in order to meet different customer requirements.

Overview
The ATMOS is fitted with a 155 mm/52 calibre ordnance which conforms to NATO Joint Ballistic Memorandum of Understanding (JBMoU), and is mounted on a 6 × 6 cross-country truck chassis. The breech mechanism is horizontal sliding which automatically opens to the right with a self-sealing metal obturating ring. The buffer is a hydraulic cylinder with a hydro-pneumatic recuperator, and the recoil length is variable from 850 to 1,100 mm. Two pneumatic equilibrators balance the barrel, weapon elevation and traverse are all hydraulic and computer controlled. The gun's aiming gears, load assist systems and spades are operated by a hydraulic power pack. With a 155 mm/52 barrel, a 41 km maximum range can be achieved, using Extended Range Full-Bore - Base Bleed (ERFB-BB) projectile, 30 km firing the NATO L15 High Explosive (HE) projectile and 24.5 km firing the older M107 HE projectile.

The ATMOS 2000 carries a total of 27 155 mm projectiles and associated charges and can be operated by a 4-man crew, consisting of two loaders positioned on either side at the rear. The system provides a rate of fire of between 4 and 9 rds/min.

Development

Late in 2001, Soltam Systems released details of the latest version of its ATMOS 2000 whose existence was first revealed late in 1999. At that time, it was also referred to as the 155 mm Self-Propelled Wheeled Gun (SPWG). The ATMOS was developed as a private venture and is aimed mainly for export markets, although it has already been demonstrated to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Wheeled self-propelled guns are usually cheaper to procure than their more common tracked counterparts, have lower life cycle costs and are easier to operate and maintain. In addition, they also have greater strategic mobility and do not rely on Heavy Equipment Transporters (HETs). By late 2001, the system fired over 1,000 rounds, during extensive trials in Israel.

In mid-2003, an undisclosed export customer had placed a contract with the company worth USD5 million for an undisclosed batch of ATMOS 2000 systems. From late 2004 the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) carried out extensive field tests the ATMOS 155 mm/39 calibre system.

Variants
ATROM – Romanian version that uses the same Soltam M-17 155mm gun on a locally developed ROMAN 26.360 DFAEG 6x6 truck chassis. The system never entered production and the project was put on hold after three prototypes were built.
AHS Kryl – Polish version on a Jelcz 663 armoured 6×6 chassis and integrating WB Electronics "Topaz" artillery fire control system. Production was planned for 2021, but never started.

Operators

Current operators

 – Azerbaijani Army: 6 systems
 - Botswana Defence Force: 5 systems in 2018
 – Cameroonian Army: 18 systems
 – Philippine Army: 12 systems
 – Royal Thai Army: M758 ATMG - 24 systems  Royal Thai Marine Corps: ATMOS 2000 - 6 systems
 – Rwandan Defence Force: at least 3 ATMOS 2000 system
 – UPDF Land Forces: 6 systems
 – Zambian Army: 6 systems
 – Royal Danish Army: 1 systems - 18 systems under construction. To replace the 19 ordered units of French produced CAESAR 8x8 howitzers that has been pledged to the Ukrainian armed forces.

Future operators

 – Colombian Army: The Colombian Army will acquire 18 units of the self-propelled howitzer developed by the Elbit Systems.
 – As of 2017, a development of the ATMOS 2000 was selected to replace the M109s operated by the Israel Defense Forces.

Potential operators

  –The Atmos 2000 was offered to the Brazilian Army as part of the "VBCOAP 155mm SR" program for the acquisition of 36 self-propelled howitzers
  – the Polish Land Forces planned but never ordered the AHS Kryl 155mm Howitzer, a domestically made version of the ATMOS 2000
  – ATROM variant prototypes only, the system never entered production.
  – The US Army is interested in a more mobile artillery platforms. Some "Mobile Howitzer Trials and Shoot-Off" had been occurring in 2021.The systems tested were the CAESAR, the ATMOS 2000, the Archer and the Nora B-52. The Army was impressed by the Archer,also very positive with the CAESAR. But not much has filtered about potentially ordering one of these systems. As some M777 howitzers were donated to Ukraine, it is certainly possible that the Army would consider a truck mounted variant to compensate as a gap filler to cover the donated howitzers.
 - ATMOS is one of the favourites to win The Bulgarian Ministry of Defence's contract for new 155 mm Self-propelled howitser.

See also

References
Notes

External links

ATMOS brochure on Elbit Systems web site

Video

155 mm artillery
Self-propelled howitzers of Israel
Wheeled self-propelled howitzers
Military vehicles introduced in the 2000s
Six-wheeled vehicles


Gogo ornatus is a species of catfish of the family Anchariidae endemic to Madagascar where it is found in the Mangoro River basin.  It reaches a length of 21.2 cm.

References

Anchariidae
Taxa named by Heok Hee Ng
Taxa named by John Stephen Sparks
Fish described in 2005


The Virgins '07 is the debut extended play (EP) by American indie rock band The Virgins, released on October 9, 2007 by aNYthing. It was produced by Jason Hill. The entire EP was used as a soundtrack for the November 14, 2007 episode of the teen drama television series Gossip Girl, titled "Seventeen Candles".

Track listing
"Rich Girls" – 3:44
"Love Is Colder than Death" – 3:24
"Fernando Pando" – 4:13
"Radio Christiane" (demo) – 2:42
"One Week of Danger" (demo) – 3:39

2007 debut EPs
The Virgins albums


Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna (Red Donald of Coruna; 9 July 1887 – 13 August 1967), legally Donald MacDonald or Dòmhnall MacDhòmhnaill, was a Scottish Gaelic Bard, North Uist stonemason, and veteran of the First World War. Literary historian Ronald Black has called Dòmhnall Ruadh, "The Voice of the Trenches."

He wrote An Eala Bhàn ("The White Swan"), which he composed after being wounded in action on a mission in no man's land during the Battle of the Somme. An Eala Bhàn is a love song addressed to Magaidh NicLeòid of Lochmaddy, the woman whom the Bard hoped to marry. In recent years, it has been recorded by artists as diverse as Calum Kennedy, Donnie Munro, Capercaillie, and Julie Fowlis.

Family background

When the poet was young, he was often told stories about the experiences of his maternal great-grandparents during the Napoleonic Wars.

According to the family's oral tradition, the bard's great-grandmother, Mór Chaimbeul ("Marion Campbell") of Skye, had given a last drink of water to Sir John Moore moments before he was fatally wounded at the Battle of Corunna in 1809. At the moment when Moore was wounded, Marion Campbell was holding the stirrup of his horse, was thrown up into the air, and landed on her back. According to Dòmhnall Ruadh, his great-grandmother never recovered from the ensuing injury and it caused her to die young.

Marion lost her first husband a member of Clan MacLeod of Dunvegan, at the Battle of Corunna as well. She then began living with another soldier who had fought in the Battle named Domhnall mac Mhurchaidh 'ic Iain 'ic Mhurchaidh ("Donald Ferguson") (1780–1845), moved with him to North Uist, and married him there.

In later years, a Gaelic rhyme about Marion became popular in North Uist:

"Blàr mòr Chorùna, 1809 –
Chaidh Mòr mhòr Chorùna
A-null dhan an Fhraing"

"The big Battle of Corunna, 1809 –
Big Marion of Corunna
Went over to France."

According to Bill Lawson, the Fergusons of North Uist claim descent from Robert the Bruce, who led the Scottish people during their First War of Independence against Edward I of England and who eventually became King of Scotland. While Lawson says that this is a claim that would normally be treated with skepticism, there is a gap in the Bruce's life around 1306, when he was on the run from the English and may have visited the Outer Hebrides, where the MacRuaris were among his main supporters. The name Robert also appears regularly among the Fergusons of North Uist, so the claim is by no means impossible.

After they arrived in North Uist, the local tacksman of the island's landlord, the Chief of Clan MacDonald of Sleat, granted Donald and Marion Ferguson a croft in the township of Claddach Baleshare. Unfortunately, Donald and Marion Ferguson had only girls, fell into arrears, and were evicted from their croft. The tacksman then moved the Fergusons into another croft in the same district, where Donald built a house that still stands. Due to the Fergusons' many stories about their experiences in the wars, their home became one of the most popular ceilidh houses on the island.

Dòmhnall Ruadh later said of Donald Ferguson, "He was the only soldier on the island except for one other over Sollas way by the name of Aonghas Moireasdan, and he got this place where I am today. So many visitors came to call in the evenings to get the tales of Corunna and India from him and the lads would say to each other, 'Let's go over tonight to Corùna to hear the stories.' And the name Corùna stuck to this day and will continue as long as the sun sails westwards."

In commenting on the Bard's family history, Ronald Black has written, "As Fred Macauley points out, the poet's background thus contained a certain glorification of war which was to expire forever in the mud of France."

Early life
Dòmhnall Ruadh Corùna was born in the house built by his maternal great-grandfather on 9 July 1887. There were three other children in his family, two boys and a girl.

His mother, Flòraidh Fhionnghuala Dhòmhnaill 'ic Mhurchaidh 'ic Iain 'ic Mhurchaidh, worked as a domestic servant. Her father, Dòmhnall mac Ailein 'ic Chaluim, is known to have been both a merchant seaman and a Gaelic poet. Dòmhnall Mac Ailein's sister, Maighread nighean Ailein, was the composer of the Gaelic love song, Ille dhuinn, is toil leam thu ("Brown-Haired Lad, I'm Fond of You"). For this reason, Ronald Black has written, "Poetry was in Dòmhnall Ruadh's blood."

The poet's father, Dòmhnall MacDhòmhnaill, worked as a merchant seaman.

Unlike the population of the nearby islands of South Uist, Eriskay, and Benbecula, the people of North Uist converted from Roman Catholicism to Calvinism during the Scottish Reformation. Today, the islanders are divided between members of the Church of Scotland and the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland. On North Uist, Reformed worship in both denominations retains the 16th century practice of singing exclusive psalmody in Scottish Gaelic, in an a cappella form called precenting the line. Towards the end of his life, Dòmhnall wrote a poem called Smuaintean nam Shean Aois ("Thoughts in Old Age"). Dòmhnall recalled that in his youth he had been very irreligious and that the strict observance of the Christian Sabbath on North Uist was extremely difficult for him to get through every week. This was something that he regretted very deeply in later years.

Dòmhnall briefly attended a district school at Carinish, which also contains the ruins of a 13th-century Augustinian convent and "college of learning" called Teampull na Trionaid.

However, due to the 1872 Education Act, only English was taught or tolerated in the schools of the Highlands and Islands. Although Dòmhnall would later describe his school days in the poem Òran Nan Sgoilearan ("The Schoolchildren's Song") and how all the students were "hungry, deprived, barefoot, bareheaded," the Bard would never say whether he experienced what Ronald Black calls the, "familiar Scottish experience of being thrashed for speaking his native language."

The Bard's education was very similar to that of fellow Gaelic language war poet Aonghas Caimbeul, who attended the 300-pupil Cross School on the Isle of Lewis between 1909 and 1918, ironically, even as kilted soldiers from the Scottish regiments were being used as shock troops on the Western Front. Caimbeul later recalled, "A Lowlander, who had not a word of Gaelic, was the schoolmaster. I never had a Gaelic lesson in school, and the impression you got was that your language, people, and tradition had come from unruly, wild, and ignorant tribes and that if you wanted to make your way in the world you would be best to forget them completely. Short of the stories of the German Baron Münchhausen, I have never come across anything as dishonest, untruthful, and inaccurate as the history of Scotland as taught in those days."

As a result of his education, the bard would never learn to read or write in Scottish Gaelic, and always had to compose letters in English. However, he began composing Gaelic poetry at the age of 13. His mother was reportedly impressed with his abilities and made him promise never to compose scurrilous or satirical verse. Dòmhnall had a very deep respect for his mother and it was a promise he always honored. This, and the introspection caused by his experiences in World War I, sets him apart from other Scottish Gaelic poets.

As he later recalled in his war poem Che b' e Gunna mo Nàmhaid ("It Was Not My Enemy's Gun"), a young Dòmhnall was fond of roaming the countryside of North Uist with a muzzle-loading musket, which he used for poaching game birds and red deer, while carefully trying to avoid the Factors of the Anglo-Scottish Campbell-Orde family, who had been the widely hated landlords of North Uist since buying the island in 1855.

In the same poem, however, Dòmhnall recalled,
"Is beag a shaoilinn an uair ud
Gu robh 'n cruas seo gam ionnsaigh.
'S e gaol na mosgaid a dh'fhàg
Fo ghlas-làmh aig a' Chrùn mi,
An gaol a thug mi nam òige
A bhith 'n còmhnaidh ga stiùreadh."

"Little did I guess then
That this hardship was ahead.
It was my love for the musket
That left me fettered to the Crown,
The fascination from my youth
Of aiming it."

World War I
Like many other young men of his time, Dòmhnall Ruadh joined the Inverness-shire unit of the King's Militia when he was seventeen. On the outbreak of World War I in 1914, he joined the King's Own Cameron Highlanders. Following combat training at Hunstanton, Norfolk, he was assigned to the regiment's 7th Service Battalion and landed in July 1915 at Boulogne-sur-Mer as part of the 44th Brigade in the 15th (Scottish) Division. He was sent into active service in the trench warfare of the Western Front.

Active service

Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna's Battalion first saw combat on September 25, 1915; the first day of the Battle of Loos. One of the regimental bagpipers who led the Cameron Highlanders over the top was Berneray-born bush poet Iain Eairdsidh MacAsgaill, who is also an important figure in modern Scottish Gaelic literature.

On the first day, the 15th (Scottish) Division captured the village of Loos-en-Gohelle and Hill 70. Theirs was the furthest advance by any of the six British divisions involved in the first day of the battle, but it could not be exploited by the Allied forces.

Meanwhile, unlike more famous war poets like Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, and Charles Sorley, Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna believed himself to be fighting a just war against a truly terrible enemy.

For example, during his baptism of fire at the Battle of Loos, Dòmhnall experienced what he always thought was one of the first uses of poison gas by the Imperial German Army on the Western Front. In his poem Òran a' Phuinnsein ("The Song of the Poison"), he recalled how terrible the effects of the gas were and how he and his fellow soldiers had no defense against it. Dòmhnall concluded the poem by saying that he wished he could summon fire from heaven, like that which fell upon Sodom and Gomorrah, to also fall upon the German Empire and the German people to melt both without mercy.

Unbeknownst to Dòmhnall, he was actually describing the first use of poison gas by the British Army on the Western Front, which resulted in one of the most disastrous friendly fire incidents of the First World War. On the first day of the Battle of Loos, Chlorine gas, codenamed Red Star, was deployed (140 tons arrayed in 5,100 gas cylinders) and aimed at the German Sixth Army's positions on the Hohenzollern Redoubt. The wind, however, proved fickle and the gas either lingered in no man's land or blew right back into British trenches. Escalating the situation, an extremely well-aimed and retaliatory artillery barrage resulted in German shells exploding upon the unused gas cylinders and releasing even more poison gas throughout British lines. What is worse, the primitive flannel gas masks distributed to British Tommies before the gas was deployed quickly grew hot, and the small eye-pieces misted over and severely reduced visibility. Some Tommies lifted the masks to see better or to get fresh air and were gassed as well. The use of poison gas during the Battle of Loos caused 10 deaths and at least 2,000 cases of serious injury to British soldiers. Furthermore, the use of poison gas on the first day of the Battle of Loos constituted a British war crime, as its use violated the 1899 Hague Declaration Concerning Asphyxiating Gases and the 1907 Hague Convention on Land Warfare, which prohibited the use of "poison or poisoned weapons" during warfare.

In his poem Tha Mi Duilich, Cianail, Duilich ("I am Sad, Lamenting, and Full of Sorrow") Dòmhnall expresses grief for his friends who have fallen. He recalls their ceilidhs and how they sang Gaelic songs together. He adds that now they are now torn to pieces, lying in no man's land, or buried beneath crosses. Then, Dòmhnall speaks of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ and how one day all the men who fell in the war will also arise and be reunited with their loved ones. Dòmhnall concluded, however, by saying that as long as he lives, the images of his fallen friends and the horrors of war will be forever burned into his heart and his vision.

In the poem Dh'fhalbh na Gillean Grinn ("Off Went the Handsome Lads"), Dòmhnall describes both the exhilaration and the rage of going on a Highland charge against German trenches, the hatred he would feel for the enemy when seeing his friends fall, and the extreme satisfaction he would feel only moments later, while overrunning the enemy's trench and killing many German soldiers in close combat. The poem ends, however, with Dòmhnall and his fellow soldiers being awakened to grief, as their officers as for and then take down the name of the enormous number of Cameron Highlanders who were killed during the same attack.

Meanwhile, the devastating effectiveness of Highland charges in trench warfare had already caused kilt-wearing soldiers from Scottish regiments like the Cameron Highlanders to be nicknamed, "Die Damen aus der Hölle" ("The Ladies from Hell") by the front line soldiers of the Imperial German Army, who were also serving on the Western Front. In the 1996 memoir The Sea Hunters: True Adventures with Famous Shipwrecks, American author and explorer Clive Cussler revealed that his father, Eric Edward Cussler, served with the Imperial German Army on the Western Front during World War I. In later years, Eric Cussler used to tell his son that French Poilus were, "mediocre fighters", that British Tommies were, "tenacious bulldogs", and that American Doughboys, were, "real scrappers." Eric Cussler always added, however, "But my German comrades took anything they could all dish out. It was only when we heard the bagpipes from, 'The Ladies from Hell,' that we oozed cold sweat and knew a lot of us wouldn't be going home for Christmas."

In his poem Aisling an t-Saighdeir ("The Soldier's Dream"), Dòmhnall Ruadh recalls seeing a full grown red deer stag in the rush-covered glens north of Locheport and how he scrambled over rocks and banks trying to get a clear shot at the animal. Dòmhnall slowly took aim and ignited the gunpowder with a spark, only to find that the stag was gone. He had been replaced by Dòmhnall's Captain shouting retreat, as German Stormtroopers had swept behind the Cameron Highlanders and were about to cut off all opportunity to escape. Dòmhnall recalled that he had awakened not a moment too soon and that he barely swam out of "the net" before the Germans "pulled it together." Some members of his unit, however, were not so lucky and were taken away as POWs to camps in Germany.

In the late autumn of 1916, while serving at the Battle of the Somme, Dòmhnall Ruadh received orders from his Captain to take up a position in no man's land, fifty yards forward of the Cameron Highlanders' trench and twenty yards from a bridge, which was being worked on by a bomb squad commanded by an Irish NCO named Corporal Donnelly.

Soon after taking his place in a shell hole, Dòmhnall found himself in the midst of an artillery barrage. The first shell hit the parapet of the bridge and exploded. The next two shells landed much closer to Dòmhnall's position, blew him up into the air, and knocked him unconscious. One of Dòmhnall's closest friends, Ruairidh MacLeòid from Howmore in South Uist, volunteered to go out in no man's land to look for him, but soon returned in tears, saying that Dòmhnall had been killed in the barrage.

Dòmhnall Ruadh remained unconscious in the shell hole for three hours before he began coming to. Then, as his eyesight began to return, he saw the ruins of the bridge and remembered where he was. He then crawled out of the shell hole and sat down on the edge of it. At that moment, a German sniper opened fire on Dòmhnall from close range.

The sniper's second shot hit its mark and Dòmhnall slid feet first back into the shell hole. As he examined his injuries, Dòmhnall realized that he had been wounded in the side by shrapnel and that the sniper had shot him through his arm, which was hanging limp.

Dòmhnall waited inside the shell hole until he was certain that the sniper had stopped watching him. By then, the sun had risen high.

He later recalled, "Anyway, I was able to crawl, to swim along the ground very cautiously all the way until I came in sight of the boys. And then they then began to shout to me to take it easy and keep down, until I tumbled into the trench where they were, and I was there until they got ahold of stretcher-bearers. My condition improved then and I was reasonably comfortable. I spent a fortnight back at base before they risked sending me back to England, I was so ill."

Dòmhnall would later recall that, soon after his removal from the firing line, his close friend Ruairidh MacLeòid was killed in action.

An Eala Bhàn
While recovering from his injuries, Dòmhnall composed the love song An Eala Bhàn ("The White Swan") which he addressed to Magaidh NicLeòid, who was also called Magaidh Raghnaill Shaighdear ("Maggie, the Daughter of Ranald the Soldier"), of Lochmaddy in North Uist, the woman whom he hoped to marry. It is the best known of Dòmhnall's songs and poems, defined as a cianalas-style lament for his lover and homeland.

According to Fred Macauley, "As happens to many other songs in the oral tradition, it is seldom sung as the Bard composed it. The words have changed over the years, the name is no longer Maggie and even the air is not original. 'They've spoiled it in Harris,' he used to say." In response to how other Gaelic singers rendered his song, Dòmhnall commented "They spoiled that song. There is very little in it today of what I composed. The girl in the song today is called Màiri, but the one I made the song for was Magaidh – Magaidh NicLeòid from Lochmaddy."

Like other Scottish Gaelic and Welsh poetry from World War I, the song expresses the futility and human destruction inherent in war.

Return to duty
Despite recovering from his injuries, Dòmhnall Ruadh was ruled unfit to return to active service and spent the remainder of the war in the West Riding Field Regiment. Despite what regulations said, however, he continued to wear his Cameron's cap badge. While serving behind the lines during the 1918 Spring Offensive, Dòmhnall had a brief reunion with his old Battalion, which inspired him to compose the poem Na Camshronaich San Fhraing ("The Camerons in France").

Later life

Changed Days
According to John A. Macpherson, "After the war, Dòmhnall Ruadh  returned home to Corùna, but although he was thankful to be alive, he was, like most other returning soldiers, disillusioned. The land which they had been promised was as securely held by the landlords as it had ever been, and so were the hunting and fishing rights."

According to Bill Lawson, in some parts of North Uist, land raids took place, as veterans of the Great War attempted to violently seize better crofts from men who had stayed at home. In response, the Campbell-Orde family chose to press full criminal charges against the raiders. In the aftermath, however, a sympathetic Member of Parliament arranged for the large tacksman's farm on the west of North Uist, which includes some of the best land on the island, to be bought out and divided into crofts.

According to Fred Macauley, "despite the love," that Dòmhnall and Magaidh NicLeòid, "had for each other, they never married. He himself never mentioned what came between them, but there is a tradition that Maggie's father disapproved and actually forbade the marriage."

In 1922, Dòmhnall married Annie MacDonald (Anna Ruairidh 'ic Nèill, 1890–1971).

He later recalled, "I was quite as happy and never regretted it. I got Ann MacDonald instead. We have been together for almost 40 years and we are as happy together today as we were the first day, in a lovely little warm home, clean and tidy, needing nothing but what we cannot have – health and youth."

Dòmhnall and Annie had two children, Mary and Calum, both of whom died in 1965.

According to John A. Macpherson, "He took up the craft of a stone-mason, as many crofters were building new houses, and he was a diligent worker and good walker, often walking twenty miles to the site of a new house. Between the two world wars he built more than thirty houses, and there is hardly a township in Uist without evidence of his skills."

Despite this, the years after the Great War were very empty and there was very little work. As a result, the memory of those who emigrated to Canada or the United States is still very present on North Uist.

Many years later, Dòmhnall would express his feelings about those years in the poem, Caochladh Suigheachadh na Duthcha ("Changed Days"). He recalled the poverty of his youth and how he and his fellow Scottish Gaels went to war and frustrated the Kaiser's war aims at a truly unspeakable cost in lives. Meanwhile, the Anglo-Scottish landlords of the Highlands and Islands stayed home and got richer. He recalled how after the war there was no work and how the Gaels emigrated from Scotland to all corners of the world. For those who stayed, there was no food except what was grown and ground by hand and supplemented by occasional discreet defiance of the landlords' bans on hunting and fishing.

Dòmhnall used to often say of those years, "If it weren't for the gun and what I poached, it would have been dire poverty."

In his poem Dhan Gàidhlig ("For Gaelic"), Dòmhnall urged his fellow Gaels to "forget English", saying he had no use for it. He urged his listeners to remember their warrior ancestors from the Scottish clans, who never gave way upon the battlefield while there was still a head on their shoulders. Dòmhmnall compared the Scottish Gaelic language to a tree that had lost its branches and leaves. But he said that if people were to dig and weed around its base, the tree would grow again and spread its leaves and branches. Dòmhnall expressed the hope that the descendants of the Gaels who were evicted during the Highland Clearances would return from around the world to hear from those who had stayed how heartlessly the landlords treated their ancestors. Dòmhnall expressed a vision of the Scottish Gaeldom prosperous and teeming with children and how sheep, with which the landlords replaced those whom they evicted, would be replaced with Highland cattle. Dòmhnall concluded by predicting that the women in the milking fold will sing Gaelic songs and recite Gaelic poems as they work.

Second World War
Upon the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, Dòmhnall composed the poem Òran dhan Dara Chogaidh ("A Song for World War II"). In the poem, Dòmhnall urged the young Scottish Gaels who were going to war to not be afraid and that victory over Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany would come before October.

On 16 November 1939 the British merchant ship S.S. Arlington Court was torpedoed and sunk on the Atlantic Ocean by the crew of the German submarine U-43. In the poem Calum Moireasdan an Arlington Court ("Calum Morrison of the Arlington Court"), Dòmhnall paid tribute to the courage shown by one of the survivors, a seventeen year old merchant seaman from Calbost in the Isle of Lewis. Morrison had been the only survivor in his lifeboat who had known how to sail and managed to pilot the lifeboat eastwards for five days, until he and his fellow survivors were rescued at the mouth of the English Channel.

Also during the Second World War, Dòmhnall served in the Home Guard, about which he composed the song Òran a' Home Guard ("The Song of the Home Guard"), which pokes fun at an exercise in which a platoon from North Uist was ordered to simulate retaking Benbecula Airport from the invading Germans.

At the same time, Dòmhnall's son Calum MacDonald served in the Merchant navy, and regularly sailed within sight of North Uist on his travels between the port of Glasgow and the United States. With this in mind, the Bard composed the poem Am Fianais Uibhist ("In Sight of Uist").

Cold War era
According to Ronald Black, "Experiencing a degree of prosperity for the first time in his life after the Second World War, the Voice of the Trenches, as we may call him, became a prolific poet once more, but subsequently suffered a great deal from illness."

On 1 November 1952 the United States successfully detonated "Ivy Mike", the first hydrogen bomb on the island of Elugelab in Enewetak Atoll, in the Marshall Islands, as part of Operation Ivy. On 22 November 1955 the Soviet Union followed suit with the successful detonation of RDS-37, which had been developed by Andrei Sakharov, Vitaly Ginzburg, and Yakov Zel'dovich, at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeastern Kazakhstan.

In his poem Òran an H-Bomb ("The Song of the H-Bomb"), Dòmhnall criticized the resulting threat of global nuclear annihilation. He commented how, after an attack on German trenches during World War I, the stretcher bearers would come by sunset to pick up the wounded. But now, due to weapons like the hydrogen bomb, he continued, nothing would be spared, neither man nor beast, neither the beaches nor the mountaintops. Only one or two such bombs would suffice, he said, to completely wipe out the islands where Gaelic is spoken and everyone and everything in them. But Dòmhnall urged his listeners to trust that Jesus Christ, who died on the Cross out of love for the human race, would never permit such a terrible destruction to fall on those whose sins he redeemed through his blood and the wounds in his hands and his side.

On 28 March 1956, when BBC Scotland played a recording of a Gaelic-language ceilidh by the soldiers of the Cameron Highlanders during the Korean War, Dòmhnall Ruadh was listening. He later composed the poem Gillean Chorea ("The Lads in Korea"), in which he declared that the recording had brought back his youth.

In one of his last poems, Chuala Mi 'n Damh Donn sa Mhòintich ("I Heard the Brown Stag on the Moor"), Dòmhnall relates how, old and blind, he heard the cry of a red deer stag. The Bard then looked back on his past hunting exploits and struggled to accept both his present inability to hunt and the fact that his final departure from his beloved island was going to be very soon.

As he grew ever closer to the end, Dòmhnall Ruadh also composed many poems in which he expressed contrition for his sins, expressed the hope for God's forgiveness, and prepared to face the Divine judgment seat. He often expressed hope in these poems that, instead of being consigned to Hell, he would be received into Heaven and reunited with his deceased friends and loved ones.

When Dòmhnall was dying in the hospital in Lochmaddy, Rev. Iain Mac a' Ghobhainn, the Church of Scotland minister of that town, wrote a tribute to the poet:

"Bu phrionnsa measg nam bàrd thu
Bha iomraiteach bad chuairt;
Do ghibtean bha neo-àbhaisteach,
'S neo-bhàsmhor bidh do dhuain.
Am feadh 's a bhios a' Ghàidhlig
Mar chànan aig an t-sluagh
An Uibhist, eilean d'àraich,
Bidh cuimhn' ort, a Dhòmhnall Ruaidh."

"You were a prince among the bards,
Renowned in your lifetime,
Unusually gifted,
And your poetry will ensure.
While Gaelic remains
The language of the people
In Uist, your native island,
You, Dòmhnall Ruaidh, will always be remembered."

According to Fred Macauley, "He not only had an artist's eye for detail but he had an understanding and sympathy for his fellow man which attracted people to his poetry and moved them in harmony with his themes. He was proud of his heritage as a Gael, he loved his language, and his roots were deep in the miracle of creation. His was a life of much sorrow, yet it ended in happiness and contentment without a trace of fear."

Death

Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna died at Lochmaddy on 13 August 1967.

Like the 18th century North Uist Bard John MacCodrum, Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna lies buried in Kilmuir cemetery, which stands on the site of a Pre-Reformation parish church dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Dòmhnall Ruadh rests underneath a gravestone that bears a carving of a swan and a quotation from the second verse of his love song An Eala Bhàn:

"'Chan eil sinn uileadh ach air chuairt
Mar dhíthein buaile fás
Bheir siantannan na bliadhna síos
'S nach tog a' ghrian an áird."

"We are all of us on a brief journey,
Like the field flower that grows
And succumbs to the changing season,
The sun no longer able to revive it."

Legacy
According to Ronald Black, "Fortunately, at the instigation of Fred MacAuley of the BBC, most of Dòmhnall Ruadh's poems and songs had been written down from his dictation shortly before his death by John Alick MacPherson, who was at that time a teacher at Paible. They were first published by Gairm Publications in 1969 in an all-Gaelic edition prepared by MacPherson, Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna. This edition contains 12 poems and songs from 1914–1920, 17 from 1920–1945, and 28 from 1945–1966, 57 items in all, although the later poems are, on average, much shorter than the earlier ones."

When it was first published in 1969, Dòmhnall Ruadh's verse proved very popular and all copies sold out in a very short time. Also, in a sign of how much things had changed since the Bard's childhood, his poetry collection was adopted as a textbook for teaching the Scottish Gaelic language in the schools of the Hebrides. This, however, increased the book's scarcity.

Also according to Ronald Black, "[The first edition] was followed in 1995 by an illustrated bilingual edition, again titled Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna, this time edited by MacAuley himself and published by Comann Eachdraidh Uibhist a-Tuath. Thanks to the excellent memory of poet's cousin, Maggie Boyd (Mrs. John MacQuarrie, who died in 1994), to whom Dòmhnall liked to sing each new composition as soon as it was made, the new edition contains 61 items along with extra fragments."

Since its author's death, An Eala Bhàn has been overwhelmingly voted as the greatest Gaelic song of all time in a poll by the BBC. It has also been both sung and recorded by artists as diverse as Calum Kennedy, Donnie Munro, and Capercaillie.

As of 1999, the poet's heirs and the guardians of his copyrights were Mary Campbell, Neil Campbell, and Mrs. Fay Buesnel of Jersey in the Channel Islands, all of whom are the children of Mrs. Maggie Campbell, the niece of Dòmhnall's wife.

On 1 July 2016, following a brief introduction by actress Joely Richardson, Scottish folk singer and North Uist native Julie Fowlis, who is best known for singing Touch the Sky in Disney's Brave, performed An Eala Bhàn in Gaelic before a large audience at the Thiepval Memorial on the hundredth anniversary of the Battle of the Somme. The performance was broadcast live.  Three senior members of the British Royal Family, Prince William, Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, and Prince Harry were in attendance.

The South Uist poet Dòmhnall Iain Dhonnchaidh, who was a cousin of Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna, wrote the following eulogy for him:

References

Further reading
 Ronald Black, An Tuil: Anthology of 20th Century Scottish Gaelic Verse, Polygon Press, 1999.
 Edited by Jo MacDonald (2015), Cuimhneachan: Bàrdachd a' Chiad Chogaidh/Remembrance: Gaelic Poetry of World War One, Acair Books, Stornoway, Isle of Lewis. Foreword by HRH Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay
 Fred MacAulay (editor), Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna, Comann Eachdraidh Uibhist a Tuath, 1995.

External links
 BBC RADIO NAN GÀIDHEAL The bard Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna in conversation with Fred Macaulay about his early life and poetry in 1962 (30 minutes, in Scottish Gaelic)
 An interview with retired North Uist teacher Willie MacDonald, who reads and discusses the poetry of Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna in both English and Gaelic, as well as the lasting effects of the Great War upon the people of North Uist

1887 births
1967 deaths
19th-century Scottish Gaelic poets
20th-century Scottish Gaelic poets
British Army personnel of World War I
British Home Guard soldiers
Calvinist and Reformed poets
Christian poets
North Uist
People from Uist
Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders soldiers
Scottish Christian poets
Scottish male poets
Scottish male songwriters
Scottish World War I poets
World War II poets
Bards


Beverley was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1890 to 1950.

The district was based on the rural town of Beverley lying to the east of Perth. It was one of the original 30 seats contested at the 1890 election. In 1898, it included Beverley and several other settlements along the Great Southern Railway, including Seabrook, Moorumbine, and Pingelly, as well as Narembeen farther west.

Beverley was abolished at the 1950 election; its final member, James Mann, was transferred to the seat of Avon Valley.

Members

Election results

References

Beverley
1890 establishments in Australia
1950 disestablishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1890
Constituencies disestablished in 1950


Arthur Ivan Allin  (3 December 1847 – 31 January 1926) was a Danish violinist, organist, conductor and composer.

Arthur Allin has never specialized himself as a musician.  As his interests have been many-sided, his field of work has been extensive, more so presumably than he dreamed when he, as a 12-year-old boy, stepped into Tivoli Gardens and beat the little drum in "Old Lumbye's" orchestra.

Arthur Ivan Allin was born in Copenhagen, Denmark 3 December 1847.  In the days of his childhood he had music instructions from Adolf Hartmann (piano), Valdemar Tofte (violin), and Peter Rasmussen (theory).

Career
In Tivoli he played on and off until 1874.  Then he wanted to move away from the capital and became organist in Rønne (1875–1880), at St. Peter's Church in Næstved (1881–89) and Aarhus Cathedral (1888–1915)  where he succeeded Robert Allen.  While in Aarhus he also took a job as conductor of the Centralized "Jyske Sang" Associations from 1189-1914.  Allin's name is attached firmly to the latter city's musical life through these 26 years.

Arthur Allin became a symbol of unity within various musical undertakings.  Thus he was one time the president of Aarhus Music Association and made himself famous throughout Denmark as one of the most capable Danish conductors at the time; for 25 years he was the chief conductor of the centralized Jutlandish Choral Societies and was engaged greatly as a music teacher, concert artist, choir instructor, composer, and journalist.

The public does not have a real impression of the composer Arthur Allin, because in proportion to what he has composed only a small part has been played and still a smaller part has been published.  But considering what is and has been available there is no doubt that it includes many interesting things, and looking at the list of his compositions also tells us that the composer's litheness enables him to move in widely different fields.

Thus he has composed music for five dramatic works, among others for "Antigone" by Sophokles, and "Hannele" by Hauptmann, and for six of David's Psalms.  He has composed two symphonies, two string-quartets, five overtures, a pantomime suite, and various other orchestra pieces, the choral works "Absalon", "Thyra Danebod", "The Woman With the Eggs", "The Taking of Jericho", twelve cantatas for various occasions, ten organ fantasies, about fifty organ preludes, piano music, a ballad opera, choir pieces and songs for one voice and piano among these the oriental "Haifa-songs" and the cycle "Wanderung im Gebirge" by Lenau, superb things which with great applause were sung among other occasions at the composition evening in Copenhagen in February 1915.

After 40 years, during which time he was knighted "Ridder af Dannebroge", he returned in 1915 to his native town and continued his composition activity and his work as editor of the "Danish organist and precentor association's" member periodical.

He was married to Bertha Josephine Lund and together they had twelve children.

References

 The book "Danske Componister I Det 20. Aarhundredes Begyndelse" by Gerhardt Lynge, published 1917, 2nd Edition
 In 1979 Mr. Finn Hoersted Andersen composed a 100 page thesis regarding Arthur Allin for the University of Copenhagen.  A huge amount of time has been spent to find the published as well as the unpublished compositions and to examine them all.  The thesis begins with Arthur Allin's life and activities gathered from many newspapers and from friends and families.  It then goes on to list and examine all the compositions and finally the author says that although Arthur Allin's compositions have been forgotten there are many pieces of music that deserve to be known again.
 The Music Department of the Royal Library of Denmark has much of the manuscripts and prints.

1847 births
1926 deaths
Musicians from Copenhagen
Danish composers
Male composers
Danish classical organists
Male classical organists
Danish classical violinists
Male classical violinists
Danish conductors (music)
Male conductors (music)


John O'Keeffe (20 June 1895 – 25 October 1973) was an Irish hurler who played as a midfielder for the Cork senior team.

O'Keeffe made his first appearance for the team during the 1919 championship and was a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement after the 1924 championship. During that time he won one All-Ireland medal and two Munster medals.

At club level O'Keeffe was a one-time county championship medalist with Carrigtwohill.

O'Keeffe's father, Paddy, also played with Cork and won an All-Ireland medal in 1893.  They were the first father and son combination to achieve the distinction of capturing All-Ireland winners' medals.

References

1890s births
1973 deaths
Carrigtwohill hurlers
Cork inter-county hurlers
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners


"Muddy Water" is a song recorded by American country music artist Trace Adkins. It was released in August 2008 as the first single from his eighth studio album, X. The song was written by Monty Criswell and Rick Huckaby.

Background
Adkins said of the song, "That has haunted me -- because it just spoke to me. I related to it. That's the way my life is."

Critical reception
Leeann Ward of Country Universe gave the song a 'B' grade, writing that Adkins "sings this song of redemption with power, but does not cross the line of vocal theatrics" and "the production accurately presents the swanky southern rock sound that one might imagine from a song with its title."

Music video
The music video was directed by Trey Fanjoy and premiered in October 2008. Stephen Baldwin stars in the video. The church where the video was filmed, the Bethlehem United Methodist Church in Clarksville, Tennessee, was destroyed by a fire in July 2009.

Chart performance
"Muddy Water" debuted at number 45 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of August 23, 2008.

References

2008 singles
Trace Adkins songs
Capitol Records Nashville singles
Song recordings produced by Frank Rogers (record producer)
Music videos directed by Trey Fanjoy
2008 songs
Songs written by Monty Criswell


is a Japanese professional wrestler, currently signed to All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW). He previously worked for Osaka Pro Wrestling under the ring name . His ring name and original wrestling attire were inspired by the Hanshin Tigers baseball team.

Professional wrestling career
On February 8, 2014, Tigers Mask announced his resignation from Osaka Pro, effective April 20, after which he began working in the Tokyo area under a new persona. On April 22, 2014, Maruyama made his first appearance unmasked, announcing that in the future he would be working under his real name. Maruyama also adopted two new ring names, when he started to work for Pro Wrestling Heat Up as  and Kaientai Dojo as Teppei (stylized in all capital letters).

In January 2018, Maruyama signed with All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) and adopted the name  in 2020.

Championships and accomplishments
All Japan Pro Wrestling
All Asia Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Zeus
Gaora TV Championship (1 time)
World Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Jr. Tag Battle of Glory (2017) – with Masashi Takeda
DDT Pro-Wrestling
IMGP World Heavyweight Championship (2 times, current)
Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship (2 times)
Dragon Gate
Open the Brave Gate Championship (1 time)
Kaientai Dojo
Independent World Junior Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
Mexican Wrestling Federation
MWF World Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Michinoku Pro Wrestling
Tohoku Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Flash Moon
Iron Man Tournament (2008)
Osaka Pro Wrestling
CMLLL World Super Mexico Championship (1 time, current)
Osaka Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time, current)
Osaka Pro Wrestling Battle Royal Championship (1 time)
Osaka Pro Wrestling Owarai Championship (2 times)
Osaka Meibutsu Sekaiichi Championship (1 time)
Osaka Pro Wrestling Championship (4 times)
Osaka Pro Wrestling Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Billyken Kid (1) and Black Buffalo (2)
Osaka Tag Festival (2006) – with Flash Moon
Osaka Tag Festival (2007) – with Billyken Kid
Osaka Tag Festival (2011) – with Black Buffalo
Tenno-zan (2007)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked No. 232 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2022
Pro Wrestling Zero1
NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Billyken Kid

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Japanese male professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Osaka Prefecture
People from Takatsuki, Osaka
Masked wrestlers
All Asia Tag Team Champions
World Junior Heavyweight Champions (AJPW)
Gaora TV Champions
Tohoku Tag Team Champions
21st-century professional wrestlers
Independent World Junior Heavyweight Champions
Ironman Heavymetalweight Champions
Open the Brave Gate Champions
Osaka Pro Wrestling Champions
Osaka Owarai Champions
Osaka Tag Team Champions