The Sopwith 8F.1 Snail was a prototype British Fighter aircraft of the First World War. It was unsuccessful, being abandoned due to an unreliable engine.

Development and design
The Sopwith 8F.1 Snail was designed by Herbert Smith of Sopwith Aviation Company to meet the Air Board Specification A.1A for a light fighter with superior performance to the Sopwith Camel.  Herbert Smith designed a small single-bay biplane, powered by the 170 hp (127 kW) ABC Wasp radial engine. An initial order was placed on 31 October 1917 for six prototypes with a conventional wood and fabric framework structure, but this was revised in November to fit two aircraft with a plywood monocoque fuselage.

The first prototype, serial number C4284, with the conventional fuselage (which resulted in the designation Snail Mk.II) flew in April 1918.  Its wings had slight (5 inches (12.7 mm)) back-stagger, with the pilot sitting under a large cut-out on the upper wing, so that his head would protrude through the cut-out. Armament was two synchronised Vickers machine guns mounted within the fuselage, and a Lewis gun mounted above the upper wing. A second prototype (serial number C4288), with the monocoque fuselage (and thus designated Snail Mk. I) followed in May.  As well as the fuselage, the Snail Mk.I differed as the wings, although using identical surfaces were rigged with 22 inches of conventional stagger, with the pilot's cockpit being behind the upper wings trailing edge.

Both prototypes were sent to Martlesham Heath for official testing in May. Although performance was reasonable, being slightly faster than the Camel and climbing faster, handling was poor, particularly at low speed, and as with the other Wasp engined fighters built to meet Specification A.1A, the Wasp engine proved unreliable, with the competition being abandoned in October 1918.  The two complete prototypes were broken up for firewood in November 1919.

Specifications (Second prototype)

See also

Notes

References

Bruce, J.M. British Aeroplanes 1914-18. London:Putnam, 1957.
Bruce, J.M. War Planes of the First World War: Fighters Volume Three. London:Macdonald, 1969. .
Mason, Francis K. The British Fighter since 1912. Annapolis, USA:Naval Institute Press, 1992. .

External links

Snail Mk II photo

Snail
1910s British fighter aircraft
Biplanes with negative stagger
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918


Roman Valley is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in  Guysborough County .

References
 Roman Valley on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


H.R. 5405, or the "Social Security Identity Theft Prevention Act" is a bill submitted to the U.S. House of Representatives on February 13, 2008, whose claimed purpose is: "To protect seniors from identity theft and strengthen our national security by providing for the issuance of a secure Social Security card. The bill states that certain "biometric identifiers" such as facial features, will be collected and stored in a government database to "protect seniors from identity theft" by enabling the government to scan people's faces to verify their identity.

The bill describes the new social security card as follows:

See also
 REAL ID
 Biometrics

References

Social security in the United States
Identity theft law


Universia is a network that consists of 1,401 universities in 20 countries: Andorra, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Spain, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Dominican Republic and Uruguay. It has 20 internet sites, one for each country, and a global site which offers information and contents from across the network. Universia network represents 10.1 million students, 8 million users and 850,000 university teaching staff (75% of the total number of students and staff in these countries); the network is sponsored by Santander Bank.

Objectives
The goal of Universia is to:
 promote change and innovation in products and services linked to the academic community, helping universities to develop shared projects and create new opportunities.
 help universities build the future, which, under the name of Web 2.0, presents the user with challenges linked to interactivity, the creation of communities, the organization of content, and multimedia development,
 promote opportunities for the exchange of experience and collaboration.
 give to university students employment and scholarship opportunities as well as new ways to develop themselves both academically and professionally.
 share technological innovation opportunities,

History
Universia was created in July 2000 as an internet initiative in the higher education sector.  It is promoted by a group of Spanish universities with the support of the Spanish University Rectors' Board (CRUE), the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and sponsored by the Santander Group.

Universia was officially presented in Madrid (Spain) on July 9, 2000, as a Spanish initiative with a clear Spanish American vocation. On the same day almost all the Universia societies were also formally incorporated (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Spain, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico and Venezuela). The Portuguese branch was created a year later, followed by Uruguay in November 2005.

During the 2008, Universia welcomed Andorra, Panama, Paraguay and Dominican Republic. In order to expand the network towards the world, during March 2009 the basic information of Universia was published in Wikipedia in five languages under the edition and translation of Pabsi González from Universia Puerto Rico (http://www.universia.pr)

Today, Universia is the largest network of universities in the world and more countries have been added, such as: Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua.

Services and content

Preuniversia
Assists students from high school and helps them find scholarships as well as the right university or higher education institution.

Academic Mobility (MAI)
Helps students that are studying abroad and helps the ones that want to do it to find the best programs and scholarships available.

Jobs
Universia offers jobs in and outside the local job market.

Development
Offers conferences and seminars for development of professional education

Universia News
Universia News offers themed news: local universities, international universities, scholarships, jobs, culture and more.

Scholarships
Universia is the encounter point in which students find monetary aid that helps them continue studying.

Calendar
Local cultural activities are published.

References
References and university catalogs are included in this virtual library.

Courses
Promotion and  details of the courses offered in Universia’s universities.

Academic research
Search tool with students’ interests in mind.

Blogs
Universia’s writers create blogs in which students and professors can participate by asking questions, sharing experiences and providing feedback. The four blogs are: Study Abroad, Jobs, Marketing and Movies.

Innoversia
A system that gets in contact both investigators and businesses in order to find applicable solutions to the current needs of the business world and generate beneficial contributions for both spheres of activity.

Universia TV
Audiovisual material that shows Universia’s community some of the activities and promotions related to students, universities and current academic affairs.

Newsletters
Universia has four newsletters which can be accessed in the following URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20090317074045/http://www.universia.pr/pdf/publicaciones.jsp
  Universia Knowledge@Wharton
  Next Wave Science
  GCG: Revista de Globalización, Competitividad y Gobernabilidad
  Universia Business Review

Universia Network

Universia.Net
Universia Andorra
Universia Argentina
Universia Brasil
Universia Chile
Universia Colombia
Universia Mexico

Universia Bolivia
Universia Costa Rica
Universia Ecuador
Universia El Salvador
Universia Guatemala
Universia Honduras
Universia Nicaragua

Universia Panama
Universia Paraguay
Universia Peru
Universia Portugal
Universia Dominican Republic
Universia Spain
Universia Uruguay

Academic computer network organizations


Cubital relates to the cubit or ulna and may refer to:

Cubital fossa, the triangular area on the anterior view of the elbow joint of the arm
Cubital index, the ratio of two of the wing vein segments of honeybees
Cubital tunnel, channel which allows the Ulnar nerve (commonly known as the "funny bone") to travel over the elbow
Median cubital vein, superficial vein of the upper limb


The Malayo-Sumbawan languages are a proposed subgroup of the Austronesian languages that unites the Malayic and Chamic languages with the languages of Java and the western Lesser Sunda Islands (western Indonesia), except for Javanese (Adelaar 2005). If valid, it would be the largest demonstrated family of Malayo-Polynesian outside Oceanic. The Malayo-Sumbawan subgroup is however not universally accepted, and is rejected e.g. by Blust (2010) and Smith (2017), who supported the Greater North Borneo and Western Indonesian hypotheses. In a 2019 paper published in Oceanic Linguistics, Adelaar accepted both of these groupings, in addition to Smith's (2018) redefinition of Barito languages as forming a linkage.

Classification
According to Adelaar (2005), the composition of the family is as follows:

Malayo-Sumbawan
Sundanese (1 or 2 languages of western Java; incl. Baduy)
Madurese (2 languages of eastern Java and Madura Island, including Kangean)
Malayo-Chamic–BSS
Chamic (a dozen languages, including Acehnese in Aceh of Indonesia, and Cham in South Vietnam, Cambodia and Hainan island of China)
Malayic (a dozen languages dispersed from either western Borneo or central Sumatra, including Malay/Indonesian, Minangkabau in central Sumatra,  and Iban of western Borneo)
Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa (3 languages)

Unlike in earlier classifications of the languages of the Greater Sunda islands (e.g. Isidore Dyen's "Sundic" subgroup in his 1965 lexicostatistical classification of the Austronesian languages, which included all languages later included in Adaelaar's proposal plus the Southwest Barito languages, Javanese, Gayo and Lampung), Javanese is specifically excluded; the connections between Javanese and Bali–Sasak are mainly restricted to the 'high' register, and disappear when the 'low' register is taken as representative of the languages. This is similar to the case of English, where more 'refined' vocabulary suggests a connection with French, but basic language demonstrates its closer relationship to Germanic languages such as German and Dutch. Moken is also excluded.

Sundanese appears to share sound changes specifically with Lampung, but Lampung does not fit into Adelaar's Malayo-Sumbawan.

References

Gil, David (2012). "The Mekong-Mamberamo Linguistic Area".

External links
NUSA – Linguistic Studies of Indonesian and Other Languages in Indonesia

Agglutinative languages
Malayo-Polynesian languages


This article is a list of important rail yards in geographical order. These listed may be termed Classification, Freight, Marshalling, Shunting, or Switching yards, which are cultural terms generally meaning the same thing no matter which part of the world's railway traditions originated the term of art.

These are important marshalling yards for the formation of freight/goods trains, and/or with a large volume of traffic, and/or with a very extensive track systems; including classification yards, hump yards, freight handling yards, and intermodal (container) terminals.

Notes
Names of the nearest cities etc. are presented in the common usage, and shown first followed by a colon, unless the specific yard name is known (which will be presented in the form native to their country. possibly transliterated)
If known, the number of tracks are shown in brackets, with two numbers e.g. (xx + xx) for yards with 'up' and 'down' lines.
Yards marked with a star (asterisk) may no longer be in use.
The nearest city of town is given first: if the yard has a well known name that differs.

North America

Canada
From west to east

Nanaimo, British Columbia
Wellcox Yard (SVI, Marshalling, Barge operation by Seaspan ULC)
 Vancouver, British Columbia
Coquitlam Yard (CP, Intermodal and Marshalling)
VIF Intermodal (CP, Intermodal)
Williston Yard (CP, Intermodal, Grain)
Thornton Yard (CN, Intermodal and Marshalling)
North Vancouver Yard (CN, Marshalling)
Lulu Island Yard (CN, Marshalling)
Trapp Yard (SRY, Marshalling)
New Yard (BNSF, Marshalling)
Glen Yard (BNSF, Marshalling)
Main Yard (BNSF, Marshalling)
Vancouver Reliability Center (VIA, Coach Yard & Shop)
 Kamloops, British Columbia
Kamloops CP Yard (CP, Marshalling)
Kamloops CN Yard (CN, Intermodal and Marshalling)
 Golden, British Columbia
Golden Yard (CP, Marshalling, Coal Staging Yard)
Trail, British Columbia
Tadanac Yard (CP, Marshalling )
Cranbrook, British Columbia
Cranbrook yard (CP, Marshalling)
 Edmonton, Alberta
Bissell Yard (CN, Marshalling)
Cloverbar Yard (CN, Marshalling)
Dunvegan Yard (CN, Railcar Storage)
Scotford Yard (CN, Marshalling)
Scotford Yard (CP, Marshalling)
Lambton Park Yard (CP, Marshalling)
D.L. MacDonald Yard (ETS)
McBain Yard (CN, Intermodal)
Strathcona Yard (CP, Intermodal and Marshalling)
Walker Yard (CN, Marshalling)
 Calgary, Alberta
Alyth Yard (CP, Marshalling)
Ogden Park (CP headquarters campus,)
Shepard Yard (CP, Intermodal)
Manchester Yard (CP, Marshalling, Storage)
Keith Yard (CP, Marshalling, Storage)
Sarcee Yard (CN, Intermodal and Marshalling)
Calgary Logistics Park (CN, Marshalling, Intermodal, industry servicing)
Anderson Garage (Calgary Transit)
Oliver Bowen Maintenance Centre (Calgary Transit)
Lethbridge, Alberta
Kipp Yard (CP, Marshalling)
Churchill Industrial Yard (CP, Marshalling)
Medicine Hat, Alberta
Medicine Hat Yard (CP, Marshalling)
Dunmore Yard (CP, Marshalling)
 Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan
Moose Jaw Yard (CP, Marshalling)
 Regina, Saskatchewan
Regina Yard (CP, Intermodal and Marshalling)
Warell Yard (CN, Marshalling)
 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Chappell Yard (CN, Intermodal and Marshalling)
Sutherland Yard (CP, Intermodal and Marshalling)
 Melville, Saskatchewan
Melville Yard (CN, Marshalling)
 Winnipeg, Manitoba
 Burlington Northern Santa Fe Manitoba Yard (BNSF Manitoba)
 East Yard (CN, now the Forks)*
 Fort Rouge Yard (CN)
 Via Rail Winnipeg Maintenance Centre (Via Rail)
 Greater Winnipeg Water District St. Boniface Yard (GWWDR)
 North Transcona Yard (CP)
 Central Manitoba Railway Yard (CEMR)
 St. Boniface Yard (CPR)
 Symington Yard (CN, Intermodal and Hump Yard)
 Transcona Yard (CN)
 Winnipeg Yard (CP, Intermodal and Hump Yard)
 Weston Shops
 Thunder Bay, Ontario
Thunder Bay Yard (CP, Intermodal, Marshalling and Grain Staging)
Neebing Yard (CN, Marshalling)
 Sudbury, Ontario
Sudbury Yard (CP, Marshalling)
Capreol Yard (CN, Marshalling)
 Cambridge, Ontario
Hagey Yard (CP)
 Toronto, Ontario
Toronto Yard sometimes referred to as Agincourt Yard (CP, Marshalling, Former Hump Yard, Automotive compound)
Don Yard (GO Transit layover facility, ex-CN Don Sorting Yard)
North Bathurst Yard (GO Transit layover facility)
Vaughan Intermodal Terminal (CP, Intermodal)
MacMillan Yard (CN, Hump Yard)
Brampton Intermodal Terminal (CN, Intermodal)
Lambton/West Toronto Yards (CP, Marshalling)
CPR Parkdale Yard (ex-CVR 1871–1883/ex-CPR 1883-1890s, marshalling and repair yards, closed and removed mid 1980s)
Willowbrook Rail Maintenance Facility (GO Transit facility, ex-CN Mimico Yard, current Willowbrook Yard)
Whitby Rail Maintenance Facility (GO Transit facility)
Via Toronto Maintenance Centre (Via Rail Passenger Yard, former CN Mimico Yard)
Oakville (CN, Marshalling)
Aldershot (CN, Marshalling)
 Hamilton, Ontario
CPR Aberdeen Yard (CP, Marshalling)
Stuart St. Yard (CN/SOR, Marshalling)
Parkdale Yard (CN/SOR, Marshalling)
 London, Ontario
Quebec St. Yard (CP, Marshalling)
London Yard (CN, Marshalling)
 Sarnia, Ontario
Sarnia Yard (CN, Marshalling)
 Englehart, Ontario (ONR, Marshalling)
 Ottawa, Ontario
 Walkley Yard (CN, Marshalling)
 Montreal, Quebec
Taschereau Yard (CN, Intermodal and Marshalling – former hump yard)
St. Luc Yard (CP, Marshalling, Expressway)
Lachine (CP, Intermodal)
Hochelaga Yard (CP, Intermodal)
Turcot (CN, Intermodal – Abandoned)
Rivière-des-Prairies (CN, Marshalling)
Southwark Yard (CN, Marshalling)
 Farnham, Quebec (MMA, Marshalling)
 Trois-Rivières, Quebec (CFQG, Marshalling)
Saint-Georges [Mauricie,] Quebec
Garneau Yard (CN, Marshalling)
 Quebec City, Quebec
Joffre Yard (CN, Marshalling)
Sainte-Foy (CN, Marshalling)
Henri-IV Yard (CFQG, Marshalling)
Limoilou (CN/CFC, Marshalling)
 Mont-Joli, Quebec (CN, Marshalling)
 La Tuque, Quebec
Fitzpatrick Yard (CN, Marshalling)
 Richmond, Quebec (CN/SLQ, Marshalling)
 Moncton, New Brunswick
Gordon Yard (CN, Marshalling)
 Saint John, New Brunswick
Island Yard (CN/NBSR, Marshalling/Intermodal)
Dever Rd. Yard (NBSR, Marshalling)
 Halifax, Nova Scotia
Rockingham Yard (CN, Marshalling)
 Truro, Nova Scotia (CN/CBNS, Marshalling)
 Stellarton, Nova Scotia (CBNS, Marshalling)

United States
By state in alphabetical order:

Alabama
 Birmingham: Boyles Yard (CSXT)
 Birmingham: East Thomas Yard (BNSF Railway)
 Decatur: Oakworth Yard (CSXT)
 Fairfield: Ensley Yard (Birmingham Southern Railroad)
 Irondale: Norris Yard (Norfolk Southern Railway)
 Mobile: Sibert Yard (CSXT)
 Muscle Shoals: Sheffield Yard (NS)

Arkansas
 North Little Rock: North Little Rock Yard (Union Pacific Railroad)
 Pine Bluff: Pine Bluff Yard (Union Pacific Railroad)
 Marion: Marion Intermodal Terminal (Union Pacific Railroad)

California
 Bakersfield: Bakersfield Yard (BNSF)
 Bakersfield: Bakersfield Yard (UP)
 Barstow: Barstow Yard (BNSF)
 City of Industry: Industry Yard (UP)
 Colton: West Colton Yard (UP)
 Commerce: Hobart Yard (BNSF)
 Fresno: Calwa Yard (BNSF)
 Fresno: Fresno Yard (UP)
 Lathrop: Lathrop Yard (UP)
 Long Beach: Long Beach Yard (BNSF)
 Long Beach: ICTF (UP)
 Los Angeles: East Yard (UP)
 Los Angeles: LATC (UP)
 Oakland: Desert Yard (UP)
 Richmond: Richmond Yard (BNSF)
 Roseville: J.R. Davis Yard (largest on the west coast) (UP)
 San Bernardino: San Bernardino Yard (BNSF)
 San Diego: San Diego Yard (BNSF)
 Stockton: Mariposa Yard (BNSF)
 Stockton: Mormon Yard (BNSF)
 Stockton: Stockton Yard (UP)

Colorado
 Denver: 36th Street Yard (UP)
 Denver: Globeville Yard (BNSF)
 Denver: North Yard (former DRGW, UP)
 Denver: Rennix Yard (BNSF, Intermodal)

Connecticut
 New Haven: Cedar Hill Yard (CSXT/Providence and Worcester/Connecticut Southern/Amtrak)
 Hartford: Hartford Yard (Connecticut Southern/Pan Am Railways)

Delaware
 Wilmington: Edgemoor Yard (NS)
 Wilmington: Wilsmere Yard (CSXT)

District of Columbia
 Washington: Ivy City Yard (Amtrak)
 Washington: Benning Yard (CSXT)

Florida
 Bradenton: Tropicana Yard (CSXT)
Fort Pierce: Fort Pierce Yard (Florida East Coast)
Hialeah: Hialeah Yard (CSXT/Tri-Rail/Amtrak)
 Jacksonville: Bowden Yard (Florida East Coast)
 Jacksonville: Moncrief Yard (CSXT—Former Seaboard Coast Line)
 Jacksonville: Simpson Yard (NS)
 Lakeland: Winston Yard (CSXT)
 New Smyrna Beach: New Smyrna Beach Yard (Florida East Coast)
 Miami: Hialeah Yard (Florida East Coast)
Orlando: Taft Yard (CSXT)
 Tampa: Rockport Yard, Uceta Yard, and Yeoman Yard (CSXT)
Winter Haven: Central Florida Intermodal Logistics Center (CSXT)

Georgia
 Albany: Atlantic Coast Line Yard (GFRR)
 Albany Central of Georgia Yard (NS)
 Atlanta: Tilford Yard (CSXT) [Closed]
 Atlanta: Hulsey Yard (CSXT) [Closed]
 Atlanta: Inman Yard (NS)
 Atlanta: North Avenue Yards (former)
 Atlanta: Howell Interlocking
 Austell: John W. Whitaker Intermodal Terminal (Norfolk Southern Railway)
 Fairburn: Fairburn Yard (CSXT)
 Macon: Brosnan Yard (NS)
 Rome: Forestville Yard (NS)
 Valdosta: Langdale Yard (NS)
 Waycross: Waycross Rice Yard (CSXT)

Idaho
Bonner's Ferry: Bonner's Ferry Yard (UP)
Eastport: Eastport Yard (UP/CP)
Hauser: Hauser Yard (BNSF/MRL)
Idaho Falls: Idaho Falls Yard (UP/EIRR)
Minidoka: Minidoka Yard (UP/EIRR)
Nampa: Nampa Yard (UP/BVRR)
Plummer: Plummer Yard (STMA/UP)
Pocatello: Pocatello Yard (UP)
Sandpoint: Boyer Yard (BNSF/UP/POVA)
St Marie's: St Maries Yard (STMA)
Twin Falls: Twin Falls Yard (former UP interchange yard), Now Eastern Idaho Railroad headquarters (Watco)

Illinois
 Champaign: Champaign Yard (CN)
 Chicago area
 14th Street Coach Yard (Metra)
 47th Street Yard (NS, intermodal)
 59th Street Yard (CSXT, intermodal, switched by Chicago Rail Link)
 Ashland Avenue Yard (NS, carload freight)
 Aurora (Metra commuter coach yard for BNSF route)
 Barr Yard (CSXT)
 Bedford Park Yard (CSXT, intermodal, switched by Chicago Rail Link)
 Bensenville Yard (CP)
 Blue Island Yard (Indiana Harbor Belt)
 Burnham Yard (South Shore Freight)
 Burr Oak Yard (Iowa Interstate / Chicago Rail Link)
 California Ave Coach Yards (UP)
 Calumet Yard (NS)
 Clearing Yard (BRC, Hump Yard, Intermodal. Marshalling)
 Cicero Yard (BNSF, intermodal)
 Commercial Avenue Yard (BRC)
 Corwith Yards (BNSF, Intermodal)
 East Joliet Yard (Elgin, Joliet & Eastern, now CN)
 Eola Yard (BNSF)
 Glenn Yard (CN)
 Global I (UP, intermodal)
 Global II (UP, intermodal)
 Global III (UP, intermodal)
 Global IV (UP, intermodal)
 Homewood (Harvey): Markham Yard (CN)
 Irondale Yard (Chicago Rail Link)
 Landers Yard (NS, intermodal)
 Logistics Park (BNSF, intermodal)
 Proviso Yard (UP Hump Yard, Intermodal, Marshalling)
 Schiller Park Yard (CN)
 South Chicago Yard (South Chicago & Indiana Harbor Railroad)
 Western Avenue (Metra commuter coach yards, formerly two separate yards, C&NW, now UP, Milwaukee Road)
 Willow Springs (BNSF, intermodal)
 Yard Center (UP)
 Decatur: Decatur Yard [NS)
 Dupo: Dupo Yard (UP)
 East Peoria: East Peoria Yard (TZPR)
 East Peoria: East Peoria Yard (Toledo, Peoria & Western)
 East Saint Louis: Gateway Yard (64)(Alton and Southern Railway – Hump Yard)
 Galesburg: Galesburg Yard (BNSF– Hump Yard)
 Havana: Quiver Yard (Illinois & Midland Railroad)
 Kankakee: Kankakee Yard (NS)
 Madison: Madison Yard (TRRA)
 Ottawa: Fremont Street Yard (IR)
 Pekin: Powerton Yard (Illinois & Midland Railroad)
 Silvis: Silvis Yard (Iowa Interstate)
 Springfield: Shops Yard (Illinois & Midland Railroad)

Indiana
 Avon: Avon Yard (CSXT)
 Elkhart: Elkhart Young Yard (72+15) (NS)
 Fort Wayne: Fort Wayne Yard (NS)
 Gary: Kirk Yard (Elgin, Joliet & Eastern, now CN)
 Hammond: Gibson Yard (Indiana Harbor Belt)
 Indianapolis: Hawthorne Yard (CSXT)
 Jeffersonville: Jeff Yard (Louisville & Indiana)

Iowa
 Council Bluffs: Council Bluffs Yard (Iowa Interstate & Union Pacific)
 Davenport: Nahant Yard (CP)
 Des Moines: Short Line Yard (UP)
 Mason City: Mason City Yard (CP)
 South Amana: South Amana (Iowa Interstate)
 Waterloo: Waterloo Yard (CN)
 Boone: Boone Yard (UP)

Kansas
 Kansas City: Argentine Yard (BNSF)
 Kansas City: Armourdale Yard (UP)
 Kansas City: Mill Street Yard (KCT, formerly Gateway Western Railroad),Now Kaw River RR (Watco)

Kentucky
 Louisville: Prime F. Osborn Yard (CSXT)
 Louisville: Youngtown Yard (NS)
 Louisville: Oak Street Yard (Paducah & Louisville)
 Danville: Danville Yard (NS)
 Ludlow: Ludlow Yard (NS)
 Russell: Russell Yard (CSXT)
 Corbin: Corbin Yard (CSXT)

Louisiana
 Alexandria:
 Alexandria Yard (KCS)
 Alexandria Yard (UP)
 Baton Rouge area:
 Addis Yard (UP)
 Baton Rouge Yard (CN)
 Baton Rouge Yard (KCS)
 Geismar Yard (CN)
 Lafayette:
 Lafayette North Yard (BNSF)
 Lafayette South Yard (BNSF)
 Lake Charles area:
 Edgerly Plastic Yard (UP)
 Lake Charles Yard (UP)
 Livonia: Livonia Yard (UP)
 New Orleans area:
 Avondale Yard (BNSF and UP)
 Destrahan Yard (CN)
 France Yard (NOPB)
 Gentilly Yard (CSXT)
 Mays Yard (CN)
 New Orleans Yard (KCS)
 Oliver Yard (NS)
 Shreveport, Louisiana area:
 Deramus Yard (KCS)

Maine
 Auburn:
 Danville Junction (Pan Am Railways, St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad)
 Lewiston Junction (St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad)
 Bangor: Bangor Yard (Pan Am Railways)
 Brownville: Brownville Junction (Eastern Maine Railway, Canadian Pacific Railway)
 Brunswick: Brunswick Yard (Pan Am Railways, Amtrak, Maine Department of Transportation)
 Hermon: Northern Maine Junction (Pan Am Railways, Canadian Pacific Railway)
 Mattawamkeag: Mattawamkeag Yard (Pan Am Railways, Eastern Maine Railway)
 Millinocket: Millinocket Yard (Maine Northern Railway, Canadian Pacific Railway)
 Portland:
 Yard 8 (Pan Am Railways, Maine International Marine Terminal)
 Yard 10 (Pan Am Railways, Amtrak)
 Yard 11 (Pan Am Railways)
 Rockland: Rockland Yard (Maine Department of Transportation)
 Rumford: Rumford Yard (Pan Am Railways)
 South Portland:
 Rigby Yard (Pan Am Railways)
 Yard 3 (Pan Am Railways, Turner's Island Railroad)
 Yard 6 (Pan Am Railways)
 Waterville: Waterville Shops (Pan Am Railways)
 Westbrook: Yard 12 (Pan Am Railways)

Maryland
 Baltimore
 Bayview Yards (CSXT and NS)
 Canton/Coal Yard (NS)
 Penn Mary Yard (CTN)
 Cumberland: Cumberland Yard (CSXT)
 Hagerstown: Hagerstown Terminal (CSXT)

Massachusetts
 Boston:
 Beacon Park Yard (CSXT, closed 2013)
 Boston Engine Terminal (MBTA)
 Southampton Street Yard (MBTA/Amtrak)
 Readville (CSXT)
 Elsewhere in Massachusetts
 Ayer: Hill Yard (Pan Am)
 East Deerfield (Pan Am)
 Fitchburg (Pan Am)
 Framingham: North Yard / Nevins Yards (CSXT)
 Gardner (Pan Am/PW)
 Lawrence (Pan Am)
 Lowell (Pan Am)
 Palmer (NECR/MCER/CSXT)
 West Springfield (CSXT/CSOR)
 Worcester (CSXT/PW)
 Various Grafton & Upton yards

Michigan
 Battle Creek: Battle Creek Yard (CN)
 Detroit: Livernois Yard—aka Junction Yard (Conrail Shared Assets: CSXT and NS)
 Grand Rapids: Hugart Yard (GDLK; Took over for NS in 2009)
 Flint, Michigan |South Yard (CN)
 Flat Rock: Flat Rock Yard (CN)
 Kalamazoo: Gearhart Yard (GDLK; Took over for NS in 2009)
 Lansing: Cory Yard (CN)
 Pontiac, MI Pontiac Yard
 Wyoming: Wyoming Yard (CSXT)

Minnesota
 Duluth: Proctor Yard (CN)
 Duluth: Rice's Point Yard (BNSF)
 Duluth: Rice's Point Yard (CP)
 Minneapolis: Humboldt Yard (CP)
 Minneapolis: Northtown Yard (55) (BNSF)
 Minneapolis: Shoreham Yards (CP)
 Northfield: Northfield Yard (UP, CP, PGR)
 Ranier: Ranier Yard (CN)
 St. Paul: Midway Yard (Minnesota Commercial)
 St. Paul: Pig's Eye Yard (CP)
 St. Paul: Hoffman Yard (UP)
 Shakopee: Valley Park Yard (UP)
 South St. Paul: South St. Paul Yard (UP)
 Virginia: Virginia Yard (CN)
 Waseca: Waseca Yard (CP)

Missouri
 Kansas City: Neff Yard (42) (UP) Closed October 2019.
 Kansas City: Knoche/Joint Agency Yard (KCS/CP)
 Kansas City: Kansas City SmartPort (KCS, intermodal, autos)
 Kansas City: North Kansas City Avondale Yard (NS)
 Kansas City: Birmingham (NS, intermodal, autos)
 North Kansas City: Murray Yard (BNSF bulk commodities marshaling terminal; former hump)
 St. Louis: Chouteau Yard (BNSF)
 Springfield: North Springfield Yard (BNSF)
 Springfield: South Springfield Yard (BNSF)
 Springfield: Springfield Yard (BNSF)

Nebraska
 Lincoln:
 Havelock Yard (BNSF)
 Lincoln: Hobson Yard (BNSF)
 North Platte: Bailey Yard (64+50) (The largest yard in the world) (UP)
 Alliance:

Nevada
Elko: Elko Yard (UP)
Las Vegas: Arden Yard (UP)
Sparks: Sparks Yard (UP)
Winnemucca: Winnemucca Yard (UP)

New Hampshire
 Berlin: Berlin Yard (St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad)
 Concord: Concord Yard (New England Southern Railroad, New Hampshire Central Railroad)
 Conway: North Conway Depot and Railroad Yard (Conway Scenic Railroad)
 Dover: Dover Yard (Pan Am Railways, New Hampshire Northcoast Railroad)
 Nashua: Nashua Yard (Pan Am Railways)

New Jersey
 Camden: Pavonia Yard (32) (Conrail Shared Assets: CSXT & NS)
 Jersey City:
Croxton Yard (NS)
Greenville Yard (Port Jersey)
 Kearny: South Kearney Terminal (CSXT)
 Linden Yard (SIR)
 Little Ferry Yard (CSXT, NYSW, Conrail)
 Newark: Oak Island Yard (CSXT and NS)
 North Bergen Yard (CSXT and NYSW)

New York
 Binghamton – East Binghamton Yard (NS)
 Middle Yard (NS)
 Bevier Street Yard (NS)
Buffalo:
 Bison Yard (NS)
Black Rock Rail Yard (CN)
 Frontier Yard (CSXT)
East Syracuse: De Witt Yard (CSXT)
Mechanicville (Pan Am Southern, intermodal)
New York City
Arlington Yard (Staten Island Railway)
High Bridge Facility (Metro-North Passenger and Maintenance Yard)
Hillside Facility (LIRR Passenger Yard)
Oak Point Yard (CSXT Marshalling)
Sunnyside Yard (Amtrak, NJ Transit Passenger Yard)
West Side Yard (LIRR Passenger Yard)
Rochester:
 Brooks Avenue Yard (Rochester and Southern RR)
 Goodman Street Yard (CSXT)
Selkirk: Selkirk Yard (CSXT)

North Carolina
 Charlotte: Charlotte Yard (NS)
 Charlotte: Pinoca Yard (CSXT)
 Hamlet: Hamlet Yard (CSXT)
 Linwood: Spencer Yard (NS)
 Raleigh: Glenwood Yard (NS)

North Dakota
 Enderlin, North Dakota: Enderlin Yard (CP)
 Harvey, North Dakota: Harvey Yard (CP)
 Mandan, North Dakota: Mandan Yard (BNSF)
 Minot, North Dakota: Gavin Yard (BNSF)
 Minot, North Dakota: Minot Yard (CP)

Ohio
 Bellevue: Bellevue Yard (NS)
 Cincinnati: June Street Yard (CSXT)
 Cincinnati: Queensgate Yard (CSXT)
 Cincinnati: Storrs Yard (CSXT)
 Cincinnati: Gest Street Yard (NS)
 Cleveland: Collinwood Yard (CSXT)
 Cleveland: Rockport Yard (NS)
 Cleveland: Clark Avenue Yard (CSXT)
 Columbus: Buckeye Yard East Side Of Yard Intermodel(CSXT), (NS) Storage Only & Local Interchange w/ Camp Chase Industrial Railroad
 Columbus: Columbus Yard, Corr Road (CSXT)
 Columbus: Parsons Yard (CSXT)
 Columbus: Watkins Yard (NS)
 Dayton: Needmore Yard (CSXT)
 Fairfield: Wayne Yard (Closed, (CSXT)
 Hamilton: South Hamilton Yard (Closed 1988, (CSXT)
 Hamilton: Woods Yard (Closed 2013, (CSXT)
 Lima: South Lima Yard (CSXT)
 Mariemont: Clare Yard (CET), (NS)
 Middletown: Reed Yard (AK Steel)
 Middletown: New Reeds Yard (NS)
 Moraine: Moraine Yard (NS)
 Newark: Ohio Central Rail Yard Newark (OHCR)
 New Miami: New River Yard (CSXT)
 North Baltimore: North Baltimore Intermodal Yard (CSXT)
 North Excello: Lind Yard (CSXT)
 Norwood: McCullough Yard (Indiana & Ohio)
 Sharonville: Sharon Yard (NS)
 Toledo: Air Line Yard (NS)
 Toledo: Stanley Yard (CSXT)
 Toledo: Walbridge Yard (CSXT)
 Willard: Willard Yard (CSXT))

Oklahoma
 Alva: Alva Yard (BNSF)
 Oklahoma City: Harter Yard (UP) (ex MKT)
 Oklahoma City: North Yard (AKA East Yard) (WATCO) (ex- BNSF, BN, SLSF)
 Oklahoma City: Nowers Yard (BNSF)
 Oklahoma City: South Yard (AKA Flynn Yard) (BNSF) (ex- ATSF)
 Owasso: Owasso Yard (SLWC/SKOL)
 Tulsa: Cherokee Yard (BNSF, Hump)

Oregon
 Eugene: Eugene Yard (UP)
 Hermiston: Hinkle Yard (UP)
 Medford: Medford Yard (CORP)
 Klamath Falls
 Klamath Falls Yard (UP)
 Klamath Falls Yard (BNSF)
 Portland
 Albina Yard (UP)
 Barnes Yard (Union Pacific Bulk and Intermodel Terminal)
Brooklyn Yard (UP)
 Willbridge Yard (BNSF)
 Lake Yard (BNSF/UP/PTRC)
 Terminal 6/East St. John (BNSF)
 Winchester: Winchester Yard (CORP)

Pennsylvania
Allentown (NS)
 Conway Yard (54+53) (NS)
 Duryea yard (10+01) (RBMN)
 Harrisburg area:
Enola Yard (79) (NS)
Harrisburg Yard (NS)
Rutherford Yard (NS)
 Langhorne: Woodbourne Yard (CSXT)
 Reading: Spring Street Yard (NS)
 Philadelphia: South Philadelphia Yard*
 Philadelphia: West Philadelphia Yard*
 Scranton: Scranton Yard (DL/Steamtown)
 Taylor: Taylor Yard (NS)
 York: Windsor Street Yard (NS)
 Morrisville: Morrisville Yard (CSAO)

Rhode Island
 North Kingstown: Davisville Yard (PW/Seaview Railroad)
 Providence/Pawtucket: Northup Avenue Yard (Providence and Worcester/Amtrak/MBTA Commuter Rail)
 Valley Falls: Valley Falls Yard (PW)

Tennessee
 Chattanooga: DeButts Yard (60) (NS)
 Chattanooga: Wauhatchie Yard (CSXT)
 Knoxville: John Sevier Yard (NS)
 Memphis: Harrison (formerly Johnston) Yard (CN)
 Memphis: Leewood Yard (CSXT)
 Memphis: Tennessee Yard (BNSF)
 Nashville: Radnor Yard (CSXT)
 Nashville: Kayne Ave. Yard (CSXT)

Texas
 Arlington: Arlington Yard (UP)
 Beaumont: Beaumont Yard (UP)
 Fort Worth: Davidson Yard (UP)
 Fort Worth: Tower 55 (UP/BNSF)
 Garland: Garland Yard (KCS)
 Houston: Englewood Yard (UP)
 Kendleton: Kendleton Yard (KCS)
 Mesquite: Mesquite Intermodal Facility (UP)
 Slaton: Slaton Yard (BNSF/South Plains Lamesa Railroad)

Utah
Helper: Helper Yard (UP/Utah)
Midvale: Midvale Yard (BNSF/Utah Southern)
Provo: Provo Yard (UP/BNSF/Utah)
Ogden: Riverdale Yard (UP/Utah Central)
Salt Lake City: North Yard (UP) (Closed April 2019)
Salt Lake City: Roper Yard (UP)

Virginia
 Alexandria: Potomac Yard* (RF&P)
 Norfolk: Lamberts Point Yard (NS, coal)
 Chesapeake, Virginia: Portlock Yard (NS, Intermodal, mixed freight)
 Chesapeake, Virginia: Berkley Yard ( Norfolk and Portsmouth Belt Line Railroad / CSXT ) (mixed freight)
 Virginia Beach, Virginia: Little Creek Yard ( Buckingham Branch Railroad ) (mixed freight)
 Richmond: Fulton Yard (CSXT)
 Roanoke, Virginia Roanoke Terminal (NS, coal mixed freight)

Washington
Auburn: Auburn Yard*
Cheney: Cheney Yard (BNSF/WER)
Coulee City: Coulee City Yard (WER)
Everett: Delta Yard (BNSF)
Fife: Fife Yard (UP)
Davenport: Davenport Yard (WER)
Kettle Falls: Kettle Falls Yard (STPP)
 Longview:
 Longview Junction (LVSW)
 Longview (LVSW)
Marshal: (UP/BNSF/SSPR)
Newport: Newport Yard (POVA)
Pasco:
Pasco Yard (BNSF)
Lampson Yard (BNSF)
Reardan: Reardan Yard (WER)
Seattle:
Argo Yard (UP)
Balmer Yard (BNSF)
 South Seattle (BNSF)
 Stacy Yard/Seattle Intermodal Gateway (BNSF)
Spokane:
 East Spokane Yard (UP)
Erie Street Yard (BNSF/UP)
 Hillyard Yard (BNSF)
 Yardley Yard (BNSF)
Tacoma: Tide Flats Yard (TMRW), Tacoma Yard (BNSF)
Usk: Usk Yard & Shops (POVA)
Vancouver: Vancouver Yard (BNSF)
Warden: Warden Yard (BNSF)
Wishram: Wishram Yard (BNSF)

West Virginia
 Bluefield: Bluefield Yard (NS)
 Grafton: Grafton Yard (CSXT)
 Keyser: Keyser Yard (CSXT)
 Prichard: Prichard Yard (NS)
 Williamson: Williamson Yard (NS)

Wisconsin
Altoona: Altoona Yard (UP)
 Butler: Butler Yard (UP)
 Fond du Lac: Shops Yard (CN)
 Green Bay: Green Bay Yard (CN)
 Janesville: Janesville Yard (WSOR)
La Crosse: La Crosse Yard (BNSF)
La Crosse: La Crosse Yard (CP)
Madison: Madison Yard (WSOR)
Milwaukee: Mitchell Street Yard
Milwaukee: North Milwaukee Yard (WSOR)
Milwaukee: Muskego Yard (CP)
Milwaukee: National Avenue Yard
Neenah: Neenah Yard (CN)
Portage: Portage Yard (CP)
Stevens Point: Stevens Point Yard (CN)
Superior: 28th Street Yard (BNSF)
Superior: Allouez Yard (BNSF)
Superior: Itasca Yard (UP)
Superior: Old Town Yard (BNSF)
Superior: Pokegama Yard (CN)
Superior: Stinson Yard (CP)
Wausau: Wausau Yard (CN)
Wisconsin Rapids: Wisconsin Rapids Yard (CN)

Mexico
 Estado de México
 Tlalnepantla de Baz: Valle de México Patio Clasificación (48) (Ferrovalle,hump yard)

Europe

British Isles
 Ireland: Within the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland there are no notable marshalling yards still extant.
North Wall yard in Dublin is used for loading per way materials trains and stabling unused stock. Also host a small wagon repair shop used to maintain ore and container wagons.
 UK (excluding Northern Ireland): British Railways undertook a major programme of investment in marshalling yards in the early 1960s, some of which were arguably obsolete before they even opened. Many have since been closed entirely. Those that remain have been substantially dismantled. None retain hump facilities and instead see only very limited flat-shunting. As of 2009, DB Schenker Rail (UK) operates the following marshalling yards, defined as sites "where trains can be marshalled or re-marshalled using resident pilot locomotives, ground staff and train examination staff".
Ayr: Falkland Yard
 Birmingham: Bescot Yard (reconstructed 1966)
 Birmingham: Washwood Heath Yard
 Cardiff: Cardiff Tidal Sidings
 Didcot: Didcot Yard
 Doncaster: Decoy Yard and Belmont Yard
 Edinburgh: Millerhill Yard (opened 1963; substantially closed 1983)
 Glasgow: Mossend
 Hither Green London
 North Kent: Hoo Junction Yard, Gravesend
 Newport: Alexandra Dock Junction (Newport Junction) Sidings
 Nottingham: Toton Yard
 Port Talbot: Margam Knuckle Yard (opened 1960)
 Swansea: Swansea Burrows Sidings
 Middlesbrough: Tees Yard, Thornaby (opened 1963)
 Birtley: Tyne Yard, Lamesley (opened 1963)
 Wakefield: Healey Mills Marshalling Yard (opened 1963,closed 2012)
 Warrington (serving Liverpool and Manchester): Arpley Sidings
 Wiltshire: Westbury Sidings
 London: Willesden Brent Sidings, and Wembley Yard (New construction on the site of the former Willesden Yard)
Historically significant marshalling yards, now dismantled or used for other purposes
 Dearne Valley: Wath concentration yard, for South Yorkshire coal traffic to Manchester (opened 1907; closed 1988)
 Carlisle: Kingmoor Yard (opened 1963) Still in continuous use for traffic as of 2011.
 Crewe: Basford Hall Yard (opened 1901; electrified 1961; now a dedicated container train intermodal hub.)
 March: Whitemoor Yard,  (opened by the LNER in 1929; now the site of Whitemoor Prison. Although some parts remain operational)
 Liverpool: Edge Hill "Gridiron" (opened 1873)
 London: Temple Mills, Stratford (reconstructed 1958)
 London: Ripple Lane Yard, Barking (opened 1958; closed 1965)
 London: Feltham Yard (opened by LSWR 1917; closed 1969)
 London: Cricklewood (built by the Midland Railway in the 1870s)
 Perth: (opened 1962)
 Rogiet: Severn Tunnel Junction yard (reconstructed 1960/62; closed 1987)
 Sheffield: Tinsley Marshalling Yard (opened 1965, closed beginning 1985 – site now an intermodal terminal)
 York: Dringhouses

Nordic countries
 Norway
 Sweden
 Gävle (18)
 Borlänge (24)
 Hallsberg (marshalling yard) (32)
 Göteborg: Sävenäs (34)
 Helsingborg (24)
 Malmö (26)
 Finland
 Hamina: Poitsila yard
 Helsinki: Vuosaari yard
 Helsinki: Pasila yard (Former hump yard. Has little use for yard in its size.)
 Imatra: Freight yard
 Joensuu: Peltola and Sulkulahti yards
 Kokkola: Ykspihlaja freight yard
 Kokkola: Ykspihlaja mid-yard
 Kotka: Hovinsaari yard (former hump yard)
 Kotka: Mussalo and Kotolahti yards
 Kouvola: Marshalling yard (hump yard) (12 + 48)
 Oulu: Nokela yard (Former hump yard)
 Pieksämäki: Marshalling yard ( ormer hump yard. Mainly used as storage for rolling stock.)
 Riihimäki: Korttio (9 + 24) (former hump yard)
 Seinäjoki: Freight yard
 Tampere: Viinikka (hump yard) (11 + 31)
 Denmark

Baltic states
 Estonia
 Tallinn: Ülemiste (16)
 Latvia
 Ventspils
 Riga: (marshalling yard) (26)
 Rēzekne II
 Daugavpils (marshalling yard) (26)
 Lithuania:
 Šiauliai: Radviliškis (largest yard in baltic region)
 Vilnius: Vaidotai (16)
 Vilnius: Vilnius Intermodal Terminal
 Kaunas: Kaunas Intermodal Terminal

Eastern Europe
 Belarus
Maladsetschna: (11)
Minsk: (marshalling yard) (21)
Orscha: (at main station) (12?)
Mahiljou: (on the Dnepr river) (16)
Schlobin:
Homel: (unusual bilateral yard, with two marshalling sections on different lines) Homel'-Nečetnyj line (21), Minsk and Homel'-Četnyj (12) tracks in the direction of the route from Brest
Baranawitschy: (located at central station) (15)
Brest-Vostočny : 'Eastern' (10 + 13)
Brest -Severny 'northern' (12 + 12): Dual gauge system
 Ukraine
Konotop
Kyiv: Darnytsia (24 + 18)
Kowel: Kovel' (11)
Lviv: Klepariv (19), L'viv-Zachid (Western railway station) (20)
Chop: Čop (16), Vuzlove (16)
Zhmerynka/Vinnytsia: Žmerynka-Podil's'ka, Žmerynka-Vantažna (railway station) (22?)
Znamianka: Znam'janka-Sortuval'na (marshalling yard) (28)
Kremenchuk: Kremenčuk-Čerednyky
Poltava: Poltava-Pivdenna-Sortuval'na (southern marshalling yard) (21)
Kharkiv: Osnova (28 + 20), Charkiv-Sortuval'nyj (22)
Kupiansk: Kup'jans'k-Sortuval'nyj (bilateral yard 24? + 16?)
Donbas:
Krasnyj Lyman: (zweiseitig, 33 + 24)
Horliwka: Mykytjivka (15 + 17)
Debaltseve: Debal'ceve-Sortuval'na (28 + 23)
Ilovaisk: Ilovajs'k (17 + 12)
Donetsk: Yasynuvata-Sortuval'na (32 + 42)
PokrovskPokrovs'k
Volnovakha: Volnovacha (20)
Zaporizhia: Zaporižžja-Live (22)
Dnipro: Nyžn'odniprovs'k-Vuzol (railway junction) (31 + 16)
Krywyj Rih: Kryvyj Rih-Sortuval'nyj (marshalling yard) (21)
Odesa: Odesa-Sortuval'na, Odesa-Zastava I (22)
Rozdilna: Rozdil'na-Sortuval'na (28)
Mykolajiw: Mykolajiv-Sortuval'nyj (18)
Dzhankoi: Džankoj (24)
 Moldova
Moldova
Chişinău (18)
Transdenistra – no yard

Central Europe
 Poland
 Częstochowa Towarowa – ul. Boya-Żeleńskiego 7/9, 42-200 Częstochowa –
 Dąbrowa Górnicza Towarowa – Zakawie, 42-530 Dąbrowa Górnicza –
 Jaworzno-Szczakowa – ul. Kolejarzy 22, 43-602 Jaworzno –
 Kielce Herbskie – ul. Oskara Kolberga, 25-620 Kielce –
 Kobylany – Kobylany, 21-540 Małaszewicze –
 Kraków Nowa Huta – ul. Ruszcza 1, 31-988 Kraków –
 Łazy – ul. Grunwaldzka, 42-450 Łazy –
 Łódź Olechów – ul. Jędrzejowska 170, 93-636 Łódź –
 Małaszewicze – 21-540 Małaszewicze –
 Medyka – ul. Zaokop, 37-732 Medyka –
 Poznań Franowo – ul. Piwna 6, 61-065 Poznań –
 Rybnik Towarowy – ul. Wodzisławska 249B, 44-270 Rybnik –
 Skarżysko-Kamienna – ul. Kolejowa, 26-110 Skarżysko-Kamienna –
 Sławków Euroterminal – ul. Groniec 1, 41-260 Sławków –
 Tarnowskie Góry – ul. Częstochowska 7, 42-600 Tarnowskie Góry
 Tarnów Filia – ul. Przemysłowa 10, 33-100 Tarnów
 Warszawa Praga – ul. Pożarowa 2, 03-308 Warszawa –
 Wrocław Brochów – ul. Mościckiego, 52-110 Wrocław –
 Węgliniec – ul. Kolejowa, 59-940 Węgliniec –
 Zabrzeg-Czarnolesie – ul. Czarnoleska 14, 43-516 Zabrzeg –
 Czech Republic
 Děčín hlavní nádraží (14)
 Most Nové nádraží (30)
 Plzeň: Plzeň seřaďovací nádraží (22)
 Prague
Praha-Libeň (15)
Praha-Uhříněves (cs)
 Nymburk hlavní nádraží (29)
 Česká Třebová seřaďovací nádraží (38)
 Ostrava hlavní nádraží (20 + 20)
 Přerov přednádraží (32)
 Brno-Maloměřice (22)
 České Budějovice seřaďovací nádraží (22)
  přednádraži (13)
 Slovakia
 Žilina zriaďovacia stanica (18 + 22); closed after Žilina-Teplička opened; completely removed within reconstruction of Žilina railway junction (2020-2024)
 Žilina-Teplička: 18 hump yard + 19 other tracks (6 receiving + 7 transit + 5 departure + 1 locomotive) + 2 intermodal; opened 2011
 Košice nákladná stanica (21)
 Zvolen východ (12)
 Čierna nad Tisou (21 + 16)
 Bratislava-Východ (East station, 37)
 Štúrovo (26)
 Dunajská Streda
 Hungary
 Székesfehérvár (12)
 Budapest Ferencváros rendező pu. (32 (+ 28 temporary closed))
 Miskolc rendező pu. (30)
 Záhony Fényeslitke Déli rendező pu. (railway station south yard, 24)
 Dombóvár (14)

Germany
In Germany due to ongoing consolidation it is likely that some yards will close. The ones likely to continue in operation are marked in bold.

 Northern Germany
 Rostock Seehafen (32)
 Hamburg: Maschen Marshalling Yard (Built 1977, 48 + 64) Europe's biggest yard, second biggest yard world wide
 Osnabrück Rbf (34)
 Hannover Seelze Rbf (17 + 34)
 Eastern Germany
 Berlin (Potsdam): Seddin (Potsdam) (28 + 15)
 Senftenberg South (19), North closed
 Central Germany
 Halle (Saale) Gbf (36)
 Leipzig: Engelsdorf (Leipzig) (26)
 Dresden-Friedrichstadt Rbf (34)
 Western Germany
 Bebra Rbf (21)
 Kassel Rbf (11 + 5 + 2, + 9 long and 4 short tracks) outdated
 Ruhrgebiet
 Hamm (Westf) (14) for decades was Europe's largest yard
 Herne Wanne-Eickel Hbf
 Oberhausen-Osterfeld Süd (40)
 Schwerte (Ruhr) (16)
 Hagen-Vorhalle (40)
 Siegen: Kreuztal Güterbahnhof (19)
 Cologne: Gremberg (31 + 32); Köln-Kalk Nord (24)
 Mainz: Mainz-Bischofsheim (22) The station is nowadays not within the political boundaries of the city of Mainz in Rhineland-Palatinate, but in the municipality of Bischofsheim, Hesse
 Saarbrücken Rbf (37 / 14 + 23)
 Southern Germany
 Mannheim Rbf (42 + 41) second largest Rbf in Deutschland
 Stuttgart: Kornwestheim Rbf (35)
 Nürnberg Rbf (60)
 Ingolstadt Hbf (20)
 München Nord Rbf (40)

Benelux
 Netherlands
 Rotterdam: Kijfhoek (42)
 Belgium
 Antwerp-North (40 + 56)
 Ghent-Zeehaven (32)
 Bruges: Zeebrugge-Vorming (28; after expansion 24 + 30)
 Liège: Kinkempois-Formation (38)
 Namur: Ronet-Formation (41) For international ISO-Container
 Charleroi: Monceau-sur-Sambre-Formation (32)
 Luxemburg
 Bettembourg: Bettembourg-Triage (28)

France
 Nord-Pas-de-Calais: Somain (32)
 Metz: Woippy-Triage (48), Largest yard in France
 Paris: Le Bourget-Triage (48), Villeneuve-Saint-Georges-Triage (48)
 Bordeaux: Hourcade (48)
 Dijon: Gevrey-Triage (48)
 Lyon: Sibelin-Triage (44)
 Marseille/Fos-sur-Mer: Miramas (48)
 Strasbourg: Hausbergen
 Mulhouse: Mulhouse-Nord
 Toulouse: Fenouillet (47)

Alpine countries
 Switzerland:
 Basel SBB RB (in Muttenz) (43 planned reduction to 32 + 32)
 Buchs Canton St. Gallen (16)
 Zürich: Rangierbahnhof Limmattal (RBL), in the Limmat Valley between Spreitenbach and Dietikon (64)
 Biel/Bienne-Mett RB (22) To close in 2009
 Lausanne Triage (in Denges) (38) Adding of 7 more tracks planned
 Chiasso Smistamento (24)
 Austria:
Salzburg-Gnigl (22)
 Wels Vbf (Verschiebebahnhof) (30)
 Linz Vbf (29) Expansion planned
 Vienna: Wien Zvbf (Zentralverschiebebahnhof) (48)
 Innsbruck: Hall in Tirol (20)
 Villach Süd (40)
 In Styria due to the lack of an efficient marshalling yard shunting is divided between Selzthal, Graz Vbf und Bruck an der Mur freight station (the latter has no hump)

Southeastern Europe
 Slovenia
 Ljubljana: Zalog (39)
 Croatia
 Zagreb ranžirni kolodvar (48)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian/Croatian fed.): No yard
 Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbia)
 Doboj (14)
 Serbia
 Belgrade: Beograd ranžirna Makiš (120)
 Niš ranžirna stanica Popovac
 Novi Sad: Ranžirna stanica Novi Sad
 Lapovo: Ranžirna stanica Lapovo
 Montenegro: No current yards
 Romania
 Iaşi: Socola (24)
 Dej Triaj (25)
 Oradea Est Triaj (24)
 Arad (18)
 Timișoara: Ronaț Triaj (23)
 Caransebeş Triaj (24)
 Simeria Triaj (28)
 Teiuş: Coşlariu (24)
 Braşov Triaj (26)
 Adjud (24)
 Galaţi: Barboşi Triaj (32)
 Ploieşti Triaj (31)
 Piteşti: Goleşti
 Craiova Triaj (20)
 Bucharest: București Triaj (16)
 Constanţa: Palas (23)
 Bulgaria
 Rousse: Russe razp. (12) (Note: razp. bulg. разпределител)
 (Varna): Sindel (24)
 Varna: Varna razp.
 Gorna Oryahovitsa: Gorna Oryahovitsa razp. (29)
 Sofia: Poduyane-razp. (32)
 Burgas razp. (20)
 Plovdiv: Plovdiv razp. (27)
 North Macedonia
 Skopje-Trubarevo (24)
 Albania: No yard
 Greece
 Thessalonika: Thessaloniki-Dialogis (16)
 Turkey (European part)
 Istanbul: Halkalı yard (10) (Originally larger, half of the tracks used for freight trains were closed when the adjacent Halkalı station was rebuilt and expanded.)
 Kapıkule: Kapıkule yard (13)

Southern Europe
 Italy
 Cervignano del Friuli: Cervignano Smistamento (32)
 Milan: Milano Smistamento (48)
 Turin: Torino Orbassano (32) terminus
 Alessandria Smistamento (37) terminus
 Bologna San Donato (32 + 22) terminus
 Naples: Marcianise Smistamento (32) South of Caserta
 Spain
 León Classificación (19)
 Saragossa: Zaragoza-la Almozara (13)
 Barcelona: Can Tunis (16) hump removed
 Madrid: Vicálvaro Classificación (30)
 Córdoba-Mercancías (8)
 Portugal
 Entroncamento (13)

Russia
 Sankt-Peterburg-Sortirovochnyy-Moskovskiy
 Volkhovstroy I
 Smolensk-Sortirovochnyy
 Bekasovo-Sortirovochnoye
 Lyublino-Sortirovochnoye
 Bryansk-L'govskiy
 Rybnoye
 Orekhovo-Zuyevo
 Yudino
 Agryz
 Nizhniy Novgorod-Sortirovochnyy
 Lyangasovo
 Losta
 Yaroslavl'-Glavnyy
 Bataysk
 Likhaya
 Liski
 Kochetovka I
 Im. Maksima Gor'kogo
 Anisovka
 Penza III
 Syzran' I
 Dema
 Kinel'
 Perm'-Sortirovochnaya
 Yekaterinburg-Sortirovochnyy
 Voynovka
 Chelyabinsk-Glavnyy
 Orsk
 Orenburg
 Moskovka
 Vkhodnaya
 Altayskaya
 Inskaya
 Krasnoyarsk-Vostochnyy
 Tayshet
 Irkutsk-Sortirovochnyy
 Komsomol'sk-Sortirovochnyy
 Khabarovsk II

Asia

India
Mughalsarai Railway Yard
Katni Railway Yard
Asansol Railway Yard
Bhilai Railway Marshalling Yard
Bondamunda Railway Yard
Bhusawal Railway Yard
Howrah Railway Yard
Sealdah ( Beliaghata ) Rail Yard
Naihati Goods Sorting Yard
Siliguri Railway Yard
CSMT Railway Yard
Jammu Tawi Railway Yard
Rani Laxmi Bai Nagar Railway Yard
Tambaram MG Railway Yard ( Now Abandoned )
New Guwahati Yard
Lumding Yard
New Tinsukia Yard
ICF Coach Complex Yard
Kalka NG Yard
Bina Marshalling Yard
HAPA Marshalling Yard
Indonesia
Jakarta Kota Railway Yard, Jakarta
Cipinang Locomotive Rail Yard Jakarta
Depok Railway Yard, Depok, Largest Rail Yard in SouthEast Asia
Sidotopo Railway Yard, Surabaya
Kalimas Railway Yard, Surabaya
Semarang Gudang Railway Yard (closed), Semarang
China
Mainland
 Zhengzhou North railway station (郑州北站), over 6,000 m long and over 800 m wide, described as Asia's largest marshalling yard
 Fengtai West railway station (a major freight terminal for Beijing)
 Wuhan North railway station (112 tracks)
 Nanxiang railway station, located in Shanghai
 Nanjing East railway station
 Xuzhou North railway station
 Zhuzhou North railway station
 Jiangcun railway station, located in Guangzhou
 Guiyang South railway station
 Chengdu North railway station – different from Chengdu railway station(passenger station) which is called "North railway station(火车北站)" by Chengdu citizens
 Sujiatun railway station
 Xinfengzhen(Town Xinfeng; 新丰镇) railway station
 Lanzhou North railway station
Hekou North railway station, connection between China's standard-gauge network and Vietnam's meter-gauge network
Houma North railway station
Hong Kong
 Ho Tung Lau Depot – maintenance facility for East Rail line
 Pat Heung Depot – maintenance facility for West Rail line
 Siu Ho Wan Depot – for Tung Chung line
 Hung Hom Freight Freight Terminus/Yard
 Kowloon Freight Yard
 Lo Wu Freight and Marshalling Yard
South Korea
 Busan : Busan Rail Yard, Busan High Speed Rail Yard (77, Gaya station)
 Daejeon : Daejeon Rail Yard (60, Daejeon Yard station)
 Goyang : Seoul High Speed Rail Yard (Haengsin station)
 Jecheon : Jecheon Rail Yard (70, Jecheon Yard station)
 Seoul : Seoul Rail Yard (102, Susaek station)
Sri Lanka

 Colombo Yard
 Rathmalana Shops
 Maradana & Dematagoda Running Sheds
Turkey

 Istanbul : Haydarpaşa yard (10)
 Ankara : Marşandiz Yard (20, Marshalling section of the much larger facility)
 Eskişehir : Hasanbey Yard (9, Marshalling section of the Hasanbey Logistics Center)
 Eskişehir : Eskişehir yard (11, closed in 2012)
 Kayseri: Kayseri Yard
 Afyon: Afyon Yard
 Karabük: Karabük Yard
Thailand
 Bangkok : Bangsue Junction – Phahonyothin Yard
 Bangkok : Makkasan Workshop Yard
 Hatyai : Hatyai Junction Yard
 Nakhon Ratchasima : Nakhon Ratchasima Yard
 Laem Chabang : Port of Laem Chabang Yard
 Surat Thani : Ban Thung Phoe Junction Container Yard
 Thung Song : Thung Song Junction Yard

Africa

 Kidatu, Tanzania – transhipment from  gauge to metre gauge.
 Dabuka, Zimbabwe

Oceania

Australia

 Enfield, NSW standard gauge
 Mile End, SA
 Keswick, SA
 Kewdale, WA standard gauge
 Forrestfield, WA
 Dynon, VIC dual gauge
 Acacia Ridge, QLD dual gauge
 Bromelton QLD under construction; dual gauge

New Zealand
 Westfield – North Island
 Southdown – North Island
 Te Rapa – North Island
 Middleton – South Island
 Lyttleton – South Island

South America

Brazil
 Uvaranas
 Rio de Janeiro Docks
 Açailândia (Ferrovia Norte-Sul)

See also
 Rail transport

References

Further reading


Kílian Jornet  (; born 27 October 1987) is a Spanish professional long-distance trail runner and ski mountaineer. Widely regarded as one of the greatest trail runners of all time, he has won some of the most prestigious ultramarathons, including the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc, Grand Raid, Western States and Hardrock.

Jornet holds the fastest known time speed record for the ascent and descent of major mountains including the Matterhorn and Mont Blanc. In addition, he holds the 24-hour uphill skiing record: 23,864-meters (78,274 ft).

Biography

Jornet was born in Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain near Barcelona. He grew up in Refugi de Cap de Rec, a mountain hut at 2000 meters in the Pyrenees at the cross-country Lles ski resort in Lles de Cerdanya, where his father was a hut keeper and mountain guide. At the age of three he climbed Tuc de Molières, a three-thousander in the Pyrenees. By the age of five he climbed Aneto , the highest mountain in the Pyrenees, and a year later he climbed his first four-thousander, the Breithorn () on the Switzerland - Italy border.

He started ski mountaineering in 1999, and competed for the first time at the La Molina race of the Spanish Cup in 2000. In 2003, he became a junior member of the Spanish national ski mountaineering team, and has raced as a senior since 2007. Jornet studied at the University of Perpignan Via Domitia.

Jornet has been recognised as an elite athlete since 2004 by the Catalan and Spanish sports councils ( and ). For his achievements in the "junior" class ski mountaineering team, he won the Catalan sports award () in 2004, 2005 and 2006.

In 2005 he set a course record of 2:30:57 for the race to the  summit of the Dôme de Neige des Écrins. He was World Champion in the Buff SkyRunner World Series in 2007, 2008 and 2009 becoming the youngest athlete to win this honour.

Personal life
His sister Naila Jornet Burgada and his wife Emelie Forsberg from Sweden also compete in ski mountaineering and skyrunning events.

On 7 September 2013 Jornet and Forsberg had to be rescued by the "Peloton de Gendarmerie de haute montagne" (PGHM, alpine rescue squad) at 3,800 meters of altitude (ésperon Frendo) while attempting to climb the north face of the Aiguille du Midi in the Mont Blanc massif, wearing trail running shoes with crampons and a body stocking.

Since February 2016 Jornet and Forsberg have been living in Rauma, Norway.

Jornet and Forsberg have two children, born in March 2019 and April 2021.

"Summits of My Life" Project

Summits of My Life was a project, trying to set ascent and descent records for some of the world's major mountains:
Kilimanjaro . On 29 September 2010, Jornet ascended and descended Kilimanjaro in a record time of 7 hours, 14 minutes. This record was broken on 13 August 2014, when the Ecuadorian mountain guide Karl Egloff ran up and down in 6 hours and 42 minutes.
Mont Blanc traverse, . In September 2012, Jornet completed the Innominata, a route linking Courmayeur and Chamonix, in 8 hours and 42 minutes. A previous attempt at ski crossing the Mont Blanc massif from Les Contamines to Champex in June 2012 resulted in the death of the French mountaineer Stéphane Brosse when a snow cornice collapsed under him.
Mont Blanc. In July 2013, Jornet achieved the fastest known time for the ascent and descent from Chamonix in 4 hours and 57 minutes.
Matterhorn, . In August 2013, Jornet achieved the fastest known time for the ascent and descent from Breuil-Cervinia in 2 hours and 52 minutes. He improved the previous fastest known time set by Bruno Brunod in 1995 by more than 20 minutes. He started climbing up the 4,478 m (14,692 ft) peak during mid-afternoon local time, reaching the summit in 1 hour 56 minutes via the Lion Ridge from the Italian side.
Denali, . In June 2014 Jornet completed the fastest known time for the ascent and descent with a time of 11 hours and 48 minutes using both skis and crampons, breaking the previous record by 5 hours and 6 minutes. Karl Eggloff broke this record by running up and down Denali in 11 hours 44 minutes, on 20 June 2019. Eggloff did not use skis during the descent.
Aconcagua, . In December 2014 Jornet set a record for climbing and descending Aconcagua from Horcones (the nearest road, at Puente del Inca) and back, in 12 hours and 49 minutes. Jornet's record was broken in February 2015, again by Karl Egloff, who completed the route in 11 hours and 52 minutes.
Elbrus, . Jornet made an attempt in 2013 to set the fastest known time for the ascent and descent from Azau but was forced to turn back by bad weather. The fastest known time for the ascent is 3:23:37 set in 2010 by Andrzej Bargiel, while the record time for ascent and descent is 4:20:45, set on 7 May 2017 by Karl Egloff.
Mount Everest, . Jornet  summited Mount Everest at midnight (local time) on 22 May 2017. Climbing without supplemental oxygen, he reached the top in 26 hours from base camp. On 27 May he reached the summit again from advanced base camp in 17 hours, about 15–20 minutes slower than the records from this camp set by Hans Kammerlander and Christian Stangl in 1996 and 2006, respectively.  There is controversy about both of Jornet's Everest summit-claims and record-claims.

Selected results

Mountain running / skyrunning
 2005:
 1st, and 2nd in the combined ranking at the "Cuita al Sol" race (in Spain)
 1st, and course record, Dôme de Neige des Écrins (in France)
 2nd, "Cross Vertical", in Andorra
 2nd, Prueba de Copa de España“ race, Buff-Salomon Vallnord
 2006:
 1st International Championship team race, SkyGames (FSA)
 1st, French Championships of Mountainrunning, "junior" class race, FFA
 6th, Skyrunning World Championships
 2007:
 Champion of the year and four times 1st, Skyrunner World Series
 1st, Mount Ontake Skyrace (in Japan)
 2nd, Orobie Skyrace team race (in Italy) together with Jordi Martin Pascual and Xavier Zapater Bargue
 2008:
 Champion of the year and three times 1st, Skyrunner World Series
 1st, Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc [UTMB], France
2009:
 Champion, Skyrunner World Series
 1st, 23rd Mt. Kinabalu Climbathon (in Borneo - Malaysia)
 1st, Ultra Trail Andorra
 1st, UTMB, France
 1st, Sierre-Zinal, Switzerland
2010:
 3rd, Western States 100, California, USA
 1st, Sierre-Zinal, Switzerland
 1st, Grand Raid de la Réunion
2011:
 1st, The North Face 100, Blue Mountains, Australia. Course Record
 1st, Western States 100, California, USA
 1st, UTMB, France
2012:
 1st, 26th Mt. Kinabalu Climbathon in Borneo, Malaysia (2:11:45)
 1st, Pikes Peak Marathon, Colorado, USA.
 1st, Grand Raid de la Réunion
2013:
 1st, Transvulcania, Spain
 1st, Zegama-Aizkorri, Spain
 1st, Marathon du Mont Blanc, France
 1st, Ice Trail Tarantaise, France
 1st, Dolomites Vertical Kilometer, Italy
 1st, Dolomites SkyRace, Italy
 1st, Trans D'Havet, Italy
 1st, Matterhorn Ultraks, Switzerland
 1st, Limone SkyRace Extreme, Italy
 Then World Record, Mount Kilimanjaro Ascent and combined Ascent/Descent (5:23:50, 7:14:00)
2014:
 2nd, Transvulcania, Spain
 1st, Zegama-Aizkorri, Spain
 1st, Hardrock 100, Colorado, USA.  Course Record clockwise
 1st, Marathon du Mont Blanc, Skyrunner World Championship, France
 1st, Vertical Kilometer race, Skyrunner World Championship, France
 1st, Sierre-Zinal, Switzerland
 1st, Trofeo Kima, Italy
2015
 1st, Mount Marathon Race, Alaska, USA.  Then Course Record
 1st, Hardrock 100, Colorado, USA.  Course Record (ccw)
 1st, Ultra Pirineu, Bagà, Spain. Course Record
 1st, Sierre-Zinal, Switzerland
2016
 1st, Zegama-Aizkorri, Spain
 1st, Hardrock 100, Colorado, USA.  Tie with Jason Schlarb (USA)
 2017
 1st, Marathon du Mont Blanc, France
 1st, Hardrock 100, Colorado, USA
 1st, Sierre-Zinal, Switzerland
 2nd, UTMB, France
 1st, Salomon Glen Coe Skyline, Scotland (course record)
 2018
 1st, Marathon du Mont Blanc, France
 1st, Trofeo Kima, Italy
 Fastest Known Time, Bob Graham Round, Lake District, England
1st, Sierre-Zinal, Switzerland
 2019
 1st, Zegama-Aizkorri, Spain
 1st, Sierre-Zinal, Switzerland. Course record in 2.25h
 1st, Pikes Peak Marathon, Colorado, USA.
 1st, The Finale Annapurna Trail Marathon, Nepal
 2021
 Vertical Kilometer Fastest Known Time 28'48'04
 2022
 1st, Zegama-Aizkorri, Spain (10th victory)
 1st, Hardrock 100, Colorado, USA, Course Record (cw) 21:36:24
 5th, Sierre-Zinal, Switzerland
 1st, UTMB, Course Record in 19:49:30

Climbing
 2006: 2nd, International Championship SkySpeed Climb

Duathlon
 2006:
 1st Llívia duathlon race
 1st Núria  duathlon race
 2007:
 1st Núria-Queralbs Salomon Compex, "senior" class

Ski mountaineering
 2002:
 2nd, Spanish Championship team race together with Gil Erra, "cadet" class
 4th, Spanish Cup, "cadet" class
 5th, Spanish Championship single race, "cadet" class
 2003:
 1st, Spanish Championship team race together with  Jaume Guàrdia
 2004:
 1st, World Championship vertical race, "cadet" class
 1st, Spanish Championship single race, "cadet" class
 1st, Spanish Championship vertical race, "cadet" class
 1st, Spanish Championship vertical race together with Aleix Pubill Rodríguez, "cadet" class
 2nd, World Championship single race, "cadet" class
 3rd, European Cup single race, "cadet" class
 2005:
 1st, European Championship vertical race, "cadet" class
 1st, Spanish Championship single race, "cadet" class
 1st, Spanish Cup () single race, "cadet" class
 1st, European Cup single race, "cadet" class
 1st, Spanish Championship team race together with Jordi Oliva
 3rd, Spanish Championship vertical race
 4th, Spanish Cup single race, "cadet" class
 2007:
 1st, European Championship single race, "junior" class
 1st, European Championship vertical race, "junior" class
 1st, European Championship relay race together with Mireia Miró Varela and Marc Pinsach Rubirola, "junior" class
 1st, European Championship team race, "junior" class
 1st, 20th "Traça Catalana"
 2nd, Spanish Cup vertical race
 2008:
 1st, World Cup race in Valerette
 1st, World Cup race in Massongex
 3rd, World Championship long-distance race
 3rd, World Championship relay race together with Javier Martín de Villa, Manuel Pérez Brunicardi and Marc Solá Pastoret
 4th, World Championship vertical race
 4th, World Cup single race in the Aran Valley
 2009:
 1st, European Championship vertical race
 2nd, European Championship relay race together with Javier Martín de Villa, Joan Maria Vendrell Martínez and Manuel Pérez Brunicardi
 5th, European Championship team race together with Javier Martín de Villa
 2010:
 1st, World Championship vertical race
 2nd, World Championship single race
 3rd, World Championship combination ranking
 4th, World Championship relay race (together with Javier Martín de Villa, Manuel Pérez Brunicardi and Marc Pinsach Rubirola)
 8th, World Championship team race (together with Marc Pinsach Rubirola)
 1st (espoirs), Trophée des Gastlosen (ISMF World Cup), together with Marc Pinsach Rubirola
 2011:
 1st, World Championship single race
 1st, World Championship vertical race
 1st, World Championship vertical, combined ranking
 4th, World Championship relay, together with Marc Pinsach Rubirola, Miguel Caballero Ortega, Javier Martín de Villa
 8th, World Championship team race (together with Marc Pinsach Rubirola)
 1st, Mountain Attack
 2012:
 1st, European Championship vertical race
 1st, World Championship vertical, combined ranking
 2nd, European Championship single
 4th, European Championship relay, together with Marc Pinsach Rubirola, Marc Solà Pastoret and Miguel Caballero Ortega
 5th, European Championship team, together with Marc Pinsach Rubirola
 1st and course record, Mountain Attack
 1st, Patrouille de la Maya, together with Valentin Favre and Alexis Sévennec-Verdier

Pierra Menta

 2008: 1st  together with Florent Troillet
 2010: 1st  together with Florent Troillet
 2011: 1st  together with Didier Blanc
 2012: 7th together with Marc Pinsach Rubirola
 2016: 1st  together with Matheo Jacquemoud
 2017: 2nd together with Alexis Sevennec
 2022: 3rd together with Jakob Herrmann

Patrouille des Glaciers

 2010: 4th together with Marc Solà Pastoret and Marc Pinsach Rubirola
 2012: 1st together with William Bon Mardion and Mathéo Jacquemoud

Trofeo Mezzalama

 2011: 1st together with William Bon Mardion and Didier Blanc
 2013: 2nd together with William Bon Mardion and Mathéo Jacquemoud
 2017: 2nd together with Martin Anthamatten and Werner Marti
 2019: 3rd together with Jakob Herrmann and Armin Höfl

Summit list

List of mountains summited:
Mont Blanc, 2012
Matterhorn, August 2013
Denali, 2014
Aconcagua, December 2014
Cho Oyu, 2017
Mount Everest (twice), 2017

Filmography
 Summits of my life – A Fine Line (2012) was presented in the Palau de la Música Catalana de Barcelona and shows Jornet accompanied by his mother, sister, his first trainer, and his friends, like Stéphane Brosse, Mireia Miró Varela, Vivian Bruchez, Mattéo Jacquemoud, Jordi Tosas and Anna Frost.
 Summits of my life - Déjame Vivir (2014) was released online in 2014. It shows Jornets activities during 2013, the Mont Blanc running record in July, his speed record on the Matterhorn in August and his run on Mount Elbrus in mid-September.
 Summits of my life - Langtang (2015)
 Summits of my life - Path to Everest (2018)

Bibliography

References

External links

 Kilian Jornet at Skimountaineering.org

1987 births
Living people
Spanish male long-distance runners
Spanish male ski mountaineers
Sportspeople from Sabadell
World ski mountaineering champions
Duathletes
Spanish ultramarathon runners
Male ultramarathon runners
Spanish sky runners
Skyrunning World Championships winners
Ski mountaineers from Catalonia
Spanish summiters of Mount Everest
Spanish mountain climbers
Golden Piton winners


The Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Orange translated into English as the Great Anglo-French White and Orange Hound, is a breed of dog used in hunting as a scenthound, usually in packs. It is one of the Anglo-French hound breeds which were created by crossing French scenthounds with English (Anglo) foxhounds.

Appearance
A big, powerful hound that shows the influence of the English Foxhound in general appearance. The breed has long legs, long drop ears, and a long tail. They stand 60–70 cm (24-28 ins) at the withers.

Coat colour is white with white-lemon or white-orange marks, the orange should not appear to be red. Faults are listed as deviations in appearance or structure that have an effect on the health and working ability of the dog, as well as the appearance, and indicate that the dog with such faults should not be bred. Some of the faults listed are aggression or shyness, butterfly nose, off-colour, excessive dewlap, and tail curved or deviated to the side.

History and use
Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Orange is descended from crosses between the Billy and Foxhounds in the late 1800s. The names of all the various Anglo-French hound breeds and varieties were all officially described with the term "Anglo-Français" in 1957. They are used as a pack dog to hunt large game such as roe deer, boar, or smaller animals such as fox. Although these are large dogs, "Grand" does not necessarily refer to the size of the dogs. "In most cases it is simply a label for a pack that is used for larger game".

Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Orange is recognised in its country of origin by the Société Centrale Canine (French Kennel Club) and internationally by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in Group 6, Scenthounds. It is bred and kept primarily as a hunting dog, not as a pet or showdog. The breed has been exported to North America, where it is recognised by the United Kennel Club in its Scenthound Group. It is also registered by minor kennel clubs and internet dog registry businesses, and is promoted as a rare breed for those seeking a unique pet.

Health and temperament
No unusual health problems or claims of extraordinary health have been documented for this breed. Temperament of individual dogs may vary, but in general dogs bred to be pack hunting dogs do not make good pets.

See also
 Dogs portal
 List of dog breeds
 Dog terminology
 Anglo-French hounds

References

External links
 Search DMOZ links for clubs and information about the Grand anglo-français blanc et orange

Dog breeds originating in France
FCI breeds
Scent hounds


Resorption of the root of the tooth, or root resorption, is the progressive loss of dentin and cementum by the action of odontoclasts. Root resorption is a normal physiological process that occurs in the exfoliation of the primary dentition. However, pathological root resorption occurs in the permanent or secondary dentition and sometimes in the primary dentition.

Causes
While resorption of bone is a normal physiological response to stimuli throughout the body, root resorption in permanent dentition and sometimes in the primary dentition is pathological. The root is protected internally (endodontium) by pre-dentin and externally on the root surface by cementum and the periodontal ligament. Chronic stimuli that damage these protective layers expose underlying dentin to the action of osteoclasts.

Root resorption most commonly occurs due to inflammation caused by pulp necrosis, trauma, periodontal treatment, orthodontic tooth movement and tooth whitening. Less common causes include pressure from malpositioned ectopic teeth, cysts, and tumors.

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of root resorption is not completely understood. It is postulated that osteoclasts are the cells responsible for the resorption of the root surface. Osteoclasts can break down bone, cartilage and dentin.

Receptive activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), also called osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) and osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL), is a regulator of osteoclast function. In physiological bone turn over, osteoblasts and stromal cells release RANKL, this acts on macrophages and monocytes which fuse and become osteoclasts. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is also secreted by osteoclasts and stromal cells; this inhibits RANKL and therefore osteoclast activity.

One thought is that the presence of bacteria plays a role. Bacterial presence leads to pulpal or peri-periapical inflammation. These bacteria are not mediators of osteoclast activity but do cause leukocyte chemotaxis. Leukocytes differentiate into osteoclasts in the presence of lipopolysaccharide antigens found in Porphyromonas, Prevotella and Treponema species (these are all bacterial species associated with pulpal or periapical inflammation).

Osteoclasts are active during bone regulation, there is constant equilibrium between bone resorption and deposition. Damage to the periodontal ligament can lead to RANKL release activating osteoclasts. Osteoclasts in close proximity to the root surface will resorb the root surface cementum and underlying root dentin. This can vary in severity from evidence of microscopic pits in the root surface to complete devastation of the root surface.

When there is insult leading to inflammation (trauma, bacteria, tooth whitening, orthodontic movement, periodontal treatment) in the root canal/s or beside the external surface of the root, cytokines are produced, the RANKL system is activated and osteoclasts are activated and resorb the root surface.

If the insult is transient, resorption will stop and healing will occur, this is known as transient inflammatory resorption. If the insult is persistent, then resorption continues, and if the tooth tissue is irretrievably damaged, complete resorption may occur.

Classifications
Resorptive lesions are categorized as internal or external and then further subdivided based on their etiology.

Internal root resorption
Internal resorption is defined by the loss of intraradicular dentin and tubular dentin from within the middle and apical thirds of the root canal(s).

It may also present as an incidental, radiographic finding. Radiographically, a radiolucent area of uniform density within the root canal may be visible with well-defined borders. Canal walls may appear sclerosed, thus the outline of pulp chambers or root canals may not be followed through the lesion. Lesions may also be oval radiolucencies that are continuous with the canal walls.

Chronic pulpal inflammation is thought to be a cause of internal resorption. The pulp must be vital below the area of resorption to provide osteoclasts with nutrients. If the pulp becomes totally necrosed the resorption will cease unless lateral canals are present to supply osteoclasts with nutrients.

If the condition is discovered before perforation of the root has occurred, endodontic therapy (root canal therapy) may be carried out with the expectation of a fairly high success rate. Removing the stimulus (inflamed pulp) results in cessation of the resorptive process.

External root resorption

External resorption is the loss of tooth structure from the external surface of the tooth and is further subcategorized based on its etiology.

External Inflammatory Root Resorption
External inflammatory root resorption may be caused by trauma to the root surface, due to damage to the periodontal ligament (PDL) and/or extended drying following tooth avulsion. Following trauma, dentinal tubules are exposed leading to communication with an infective or necrotic pulp. This leads to an inflammatory process that causes external root resorption.

Alternatively, pressure may also cause external inflammatory root resorption. Specifically, application of heavy, continuous, and intrusive (i.e. directed toward the bone) forces during  orthodontic tooth movement are associated with external root resorption.

External Surface Root Resorption
Occurs due to a localized and limited injury to the root surface or periodontium. It is a transient, self-limiting process of resorption that ceases after removal of the traumatic stimulus and is followed by healing of root surface, cementum, and periodontal ligament.

External Cervical Root Resorption
External cervical resorption is a localised resorptive lesion in the cervical area of the tooth, below the epithelial attachment. It is distinguished from external inflammatory root resorption in that it rarely involves the pulp.  When at least 3 teeth are affected, it is referred to as multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption. The causes of external cervical root resorption are poorly understood but trauma, periodontal treatment, and/or tooth whitening may be predisposing factors.

External Replacement Root Resorption

External replacement root resorption (ERRR) occurs due to replacement of the root surface with bone, i.e. ankylosis. ERRR can be further categorized as transient or progressive depending on the extent of periodontal ligament damage with the latter resulting in complete root resorption.

Clinical considerations
Orthodontically induced external root resorption (OIERR) may occur during orthodontic treatment. The use of heavy, continuous force increases the incidence and severity of OIERR. Additionally,  forces directed toward the bone (i.e. intrusive) or lingual torque may also cause OEIRR. Interestingly, previous root trauma and unusual root morphology do not predispose one to OEIRR. Furthermore, endodontically treated teeth do not increase OIERR due to the absence of a vital pulp that can induce inflammation. Thus, it is recommended to take screening radiographs to detect for OIERR as indicated, use light forces especially for intrusive movements, and perform endodontic treatment if needed.

However, due to the lack of robust evidence in treatment of other forms of external root resorption, there is currently no single recommended best treatment for the management of external root resorption. Treatments are case-dependent and dependent on clinical judgment and experience. Therefore, more research is needed in this area.

See also
 Cementoblastoma
 Tooth ankylosis
 Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion

References

External links

Endodontics
Acquired tooth disorders


The Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa languages are a group of closely related languages spoken in the western Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali and West Nusa Tenggara). The three languages are Balinese on Bali, Sasak on Lombok, and Sumbawa on western Sumbawa.
Balinese
Sasak–Sumbawa
Sasak
Sumbawa

These languages have similarities with Javanese, which several classifications have taken as evidence of a relationship between them. However, the similarities are with the "high" registers (formal language/royal speech) of Balinese and Sasak; when the "low" registers (commoner speech) are considered, the connection appears instead to be with Madurese and Malay. (See Malayo-Sumbawan languages.)

The position of the Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa languages within the Malayo-Polynesian languages is unclear. Adelaar (2005) assigned them to a larger "Malayo-Sumbawan" subgroup,  but this proposal remains controversial.

References

Malayo-Polynesian languages
Lesser Sunda Islands
Balinese language


The Polada culture (22nd to 16th centuries BCE) is the name for a culture of the ancient Bronze Age which spread primarily in the territory of modern-day Lombardy, Veneto and Trentino, characterized by settlements on pile-dwellings.

The name derives from the same locality in the territory of Lonato del Garda in Lombardy where the first findings attributed to this culture were discovered in the years between 1870 and 1875 as a result of intense activities of reclamation in a peat bog; the dating of carbon-14 on the finds place them between c. 1380 BCE and c. 1270 BCE. Other major sites are found in the area between Mantua, the Lake Garda and the Lake of Pusiano.

It was succeeded in the Middle Bronze Age by the facies of the pile dwellings and of the dammed settlements and the Terramare culture.

Chronology

The Polada culture is usually assigned to the period from 2200 to 1500 BCE, or according to A.F. Harding (2000) from 2400 to 1400 BCE,  David-Elbiali & David (2009) limit the time span between 2200 and 1750 BCE.

The so-called tavolette enigmatiche or Brotlaibidol found at Polada and in the Lago di Ledro date from the more recent period of the South Alpine Early Bronze Age and are correlated with the Polada culture. According to the chronology proposed by Renato Perini, they correspond to the Bronzo Antico II and Bronzo Antico III (Polada-B context). These clay objects can be dated in Italy in a period from 2050 BCE (Polada B, Lavagnone 2) to 1400/1300 BCE (Lavagnone, Isolone di Mincio).

According to Paul Reinecke's chronological system, the Polada culture is included in the Bronze Age stages BzA2 to BzC2, but according to David-Elbiali & David (2009) only BzA1a, BzA1b and BzA2a, i.e. Early and Developed Early Bronze Age.

The settlement of Lavagnone 1 can be assigned to 2080/2050 BCE. Lavagnone 2 existed for 65 years (from 2050 to 1991/1985 BCE) and Lavagnone 3 began around 1984 BCE.

Origin

There are some commonalities with the previous Bell Beaker Culture including the usage of the bow and a certain mastery in metallurgy. Apart from that, the Polada culture does not correspond to the  Beaker culture nor to the previous Remedello culture. According to Barfield the appearance of Polada facies is connected to the movement of new populations coming from southern Germany and from Switzerland.

Together with the Polada culture in Northern Italy, the following cultures lived around the Alpine arch:

 The Leithaprodersdorf culture and Unterwölblinger culture in Austria
 Straubing culture and Singen culture in Southern Germany
 The Rhône culture in Southern France
 Ljubljana culture in Slovenia

According to Bernard Sergent, the origin of the Ligurian linguistic family (in his opinion distantly related to the Celtic and Italic ones) would have to be found in the Polada and Rhone cultures, southern branches of the Unetice culture.

Diffusion

Most of the sites attributable to this culture were discovered around the Lake Garda, between eastern Lombardy, Trentino and western Veneto and around the Lago di Viverone and the Lake Maggiore in Piedmont.

Its influences are also found in the cultures of the Early Bronze Age of Liguria, Romagna, Corsica and Sardinia (Bonnanaro culture).

Settlements

The settlements in the area of lakes and marshes of Moraine are stilt houses resting on "drainage"  of horizontal trunks, arranged in layered platform or cassette. They had a relatively limited extension, about a hectare, and a population between 200 and 300 people per village.

Economy
The economy was based on breeding, hunting, farming, fishing and large-scale berry harvesting.

In a site of this culture, near Solferino, was found the oldest example of domesticated horse in Italy.

Material culture

If the pottery is still coarse, other human activities grow and develop: lithic industry, in bone and horn, wood and metals. The Bronze tools and weapons show similarities with those of the Unetice Culture and other groups in the north of Alps including the Singen and Straubing groups.

Gallery

Major sites

 Polada (Type-site)
 Alba Via Bubbio (Alessandria)
 Arbedo Castione im Canton Ticino
 Bande di Cavriana Scavo (Mantua)
 Barche di Solferino (Solferino)
 Canàr I (Rovigo)
 Castello Valsoda (Como)
 Castione dei Marchesi (Parma)
 Fiavé 3 (Trento)
 La Quercia di Lazise
 Lago di Ledro
 Lavagnone 4, Lavagnone 3/A und Lavagnone 2/A
 Lucone D
 Palude Brabbia (Varese)
 Remedello Sopra (Brescia)
 Romagnano (Trento)
 Saint-Martin de Corléans (Aosta)
 Savignano (Modena)
 Sorbara di Asola (Mantua)
 Torbole (Brescia)
 Vela di Valbusa (Trento)

Paleogenetics
Male individuals from Trentino in the Bronze Age (Paludei di Volano and Romagnano III) mainly belonged to Haplogroup G-M201, associated with the Early European Farmers.

See also
Unetice culture
Terramare culture
Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps

Notes

Further reading

 Anna Maria Bietti Sestieri, L'Italia nell'età del bronzo e del ferro : dalle palafitte a Romolo (2200-700 a.C.). with CD-ROM. Rome: Carocci. 2010.  .
 L. Barfield, Northern Italy Before Rome. London, Thames and Hudson, 1971
 B. Barich, "Il complesso industriale della stazione di Polada alla luce dei più recenti dati", Bollettino di Paleotnologia Italiana, 80, 22 (1971): 77-182.
 John M. Coles, A. F. Harding, The Bronze Age in Europe: an introduction to the prehistory of Europe, c. 2000-700 BC, Taylor & Francis, 1979 -
 L. Fasani, "L'età del Bronzo", in Veneto nell'antichità, Preistoria e Protostoria, Verona 1984.
 R. Peroni, L'età del bronzo nella penisola italiana I. L'antica età del bronzo, Florence, Olschki, 1971

Archaeological cultures of Europe
Archaeological cultures in Italy
Bronze Age cultures of Europe
Culture of Italy


Ndlovu (, ) is a surname, common in South Africa and Zimbabwe, originating from the Nguni languages and prevalent among the Ndebele and Zulu people. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Ndlovu (1970–2012), Zimbabwean footballer
Ainsley Ndlovu (born 1996), Zimbabwean cricketer
Bandisa Ndlovu (born 1996), South African rugby union player
Bekithemba Ndlovu (born 1976)
Callistus Ndlovu (1936–2019), Zimbabwean politician
Curnick Ndlovu (1932–2002), South-African politician
Dino Ndlovu (born 1990), South African footballer
Dudu Mntowaziwayo Ndlovu (1957–1992), known as Dudu Zulu, South African dancer, percussionist, and singer
Duma Ndlovu (born 1954), South African filmmaker, playwright, and poet
Gerald Ndlovu (born 1984), Zimbabwean footballer
Gerard Sithunywa Ndlovu (1939–2013), South African Roman Catholic bishop
Hastings Ndlovu, (1961–1976), black South African schoolboy who died in the Soweto uprising against the apartheid system
Hungani Ndlovu (born 1994), South African actor and dancer
King Ndlovu (born 1993), South African footballer
Lindela Ndlovu (1953–2015), Zimbabwean academic
Lindiwe Ndlovu (1977–2021), South African actress
Louis Ncamiso Ndlovu (1945–2012), Swazi Roman Catholic bishop
Madinda Ndlovu (born 1965), Zimbabwean footballer and manager
Mandla Ndlovu, South African politician
Mangaliso Ndlovu (born 1980), Zimbabwean politician
Masotsha Ndlovu (1890–1982), Southern Rhodesian labour union leader
Methembe Ndlovu (born 1976), Zimbabwean footballer
Moses Ndlovu (born 1956/57), Zimbabwean politician
Naison Ndlovu (1930–2017), Zimbabwean politician and deputy president of the Senate
Njabulo Ndlovu (born 1994), Swazi footballer
Nokuthula Ndlovu (born 1983), Zimbabwean footballer
Ntombiyelanga Ndlovu, Zimbabwean footballer
Peter Ndlovu (born 1973), Zimbabwean footballer and manager
Phyllis Ndlovu (died 2022), Zimbabwean politician
Robert Ndlovu (born 1955) Zimbabwean Roman Catholic priest and current archbishop of Harare
Rosemary Ndlovu (born 1978), South African serial killer
Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni (born 1968), Zimbabwean academic
Sandile Ndlovu (born 1980), South African footballer
Sasko Ndlovu, South African rugby union player
Sikhanyiso Ndlovu (1937–2015), Zimbabwean politician
Siphesihle Ndlovu (born 1996), South African footballer
Siphiwe Gloria Ndlovu (born 1977), Zimbabwean novelist and filmmaker
Sipho Ndlovu (born 1994), Zimbabwean footballer
Sizwe Ndlovu (born 1980), South African rower
Stephanie Ndlovu Sandows (born 1990), South African actress and television presenter
Takalani Ndlovu (born 1978), South African boxer
Thandi Ndlovu (1953/54–2019), South African physician and businesswoman
Themba Ndlovu (born 1984), Zimbabwean footballer
Ursula Ndlovu (born 1994), Zimbabwean netball player
Yichida Ndlovu, first Zambian female pilot

See also
Ndhlovu
Ndlovu v Ngcobo, 2002 case in South African property law
S v Ndlovu, 2005 South African legal case

Surnames of Zimbabwean origin
Bantu-language surnames


Beira Baixa (; "Lower Beira") was a Portuguese province. It was abolished with the Constitution of 1976.

Municipalities
The 13 municipalities in the province:
Belmonte - Castelo Branco District - Cova da Beira Subregion
Castelo Branco - Castelo Branco District - Beira Interior Sul Subregion
Covilhã Municipality - Castelo Branco District - Cova da Beira Subregion
Fundão Municipality - Castelo Branco District - Cova da Beira Subregion
Idanha-a-Nova Municipality - Castelo Branco District - Beira Interior Sul Subregion
Mação Municipality - Santarém District Pinhal Interior Sul Subregion
Oleiros Municipality - Castelo Branco District - Pinhal Interior Sul Subregion
Pampilhosa da Serra Municipality - Coimbra District - Pinhal Interior Norte Subregion
Penamacor Municipality - Castelo Branco District - Beira Interior Sul Subregion
Proença-a-Nova Municipality - Castelo Branco District - Pinhal Interior Sul Subregion
Sertã Municipality - Castelo Branco District - Pinhal Interior Sul Subregion
Vila de Rei Municipality - Castelo Branco District - Pinhal Interior Sul Subregion
Vila Velha de Ródão Municipality - Castelo Branco District - Beira Interior Sul Subregion

External links

1936 establishments in Portugal
1976 disestablishments in Portugal
Provinces of Portugal (1936–1976)


The Kenyatta National Hospital is the oldest hospital in Kenya. It is a public, tertiary, referral hospital for the  Ministry of Health. It is also the teaching hospital of the University of Nairobi College of Health Sciences. It is the 2nd largest hospital in the country and East Africa as well.

Location
The hospital is located in the area to the immediate west of Upper Hill in Nairobi, the capital and largest city of Kenya. Its location is about  west of the city's central business district. The hospital complex measures .

Overview
KNH was founded as the Native Civil hospital, in 1901 with a bed capacity of 40. In 1952 it was renamed the King George VI Hospital, after King George VI of the United Kingdom. At that time the settler community was served by the nearby European Hospital (now Nairobi Hospital). The facility was renamed Kenyatta National Hospital, after Jomo Kenyatta, following independence from the British. It is currently the largest referral and teaching hospital in the country. Kenyatta National Hospital employs over 6,000 staff and has a bed capacity of 1,800. However, due to congestion, the patient numbers can rise as high as 3,000.

Administration
The hospital is administered by a 10-person board of directors, chaired by George Ooko, a non-physician, non-executive board member. The chief executive officer is Dr Evanson Kamuri. The principal of the College of Health Sciences of the University of Nairobi and representatives from the Ministry of Finance and from the Ministry of Health, also sit on the board.

It also serves as a teaching hospital of the Kenya Medical Training College, Nairobi campus among many other institutions that are affiliated to the facility due to its advanced specialisation in medical services in the country and beyond.

KNH serves as the teaching hospital of the College of Health Sciences at the University of Nairobi.

Notable staff
Shitsama Nyamweya, neurosurgeon
Jemimah Kariuki, gynaecologist

See also
List of hospitals in Kenya
Ministry of Health (Kenya)
Catherine Nyongesa

References

External links

Website of Kenyatta National Hospital
Website of Ministry of Health (Kenya)

Hospital buildings completed in 1901
Hospitals established in 1901
Hospitals in Nairobi
Jomo Kenyatta
Buildings and structures in Nairobi
1901 establishments in Africa


Ei () is the third studio album by Finnish pop rock singer-songwriter Maija Vilkkumaa. Released by Warner Music in Finland on 7 March 2003, the album debuted at number one on Finnish Albums Chart, maintaining the peak position for two weeks and charted for 56 weeks altogether. Ei was the third-best-selling album of 2003 in Finland and, with sales of over 120,000 copies to date, has received a quadruple-platinum certification in the country. Ei ranks also 38th on the list of the best-selling albums of all time in Finland.

Background
Prior to the release, Maija visited New York City to spend time relaxing and writing new songs.

Singles
The (rough) English translations of the tracks are in the brackets.
"Ei" (No)
"Mun elämä" (My Life)
"Ei saa surettaa" (You Shouldn't Feel Sad)

Track listing
The (rough) English translations of the tracks are in the brackets.

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

See also
List of best-selling albums in Finland

References

2003 albums
Maija Vilkkumaa albums
Finnish-language albums


Halma (1892–1909) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the 1895 Kentucky Derby. He is best known for being the first Kentucky Derby winner to sire a Kentucky Derby winner.

Background
Halma was bred in Kentucky by Eastin & Larabie, a racing and breeding partnership created in 1886 between Montana banker and financier Samuel E. Larabie and Augustus Eastin, a wealthy Kentucky businessman. He was sired by Hanover, a three-time Leading sire in North America and a U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee. Grandsire Hindoo, was a Champion runner who also was inducted in the U.S. Racing Hall of Fame. Halma was out of the mare Julia L., a daughter of Champion and Hall of Famer, Longfellow. He was purchased as a yearling by Byron McClelland, who trained his own racing stable.

Racing career
Halma got his first win under African American jockey Alonzo Clayton on August 26, 1894, at New York's Sheepshead Bay Race Track. At age three, with 15-year-old African American James "Soup" Perkins up, Halma won the Phoenix Hotel Stakes, then on May 3, 1895, only three days later, again ridden by Perkins, he won the last Kentucky Derby to be held at the race's original 1½ mile distance.  On May 14, under Perkins (who would be America's leading rider that year with 192 wins), he won the Clark Handicap  shortly after which McClelland sold him to wealthy businessman Charles Fleischmann for a reported $30,000. Two days after Fleischmann purchased Halma, the colt won the May 21, 1895 Latonia Derby. An injury kept him out of racing in the summer and fall of 1895, and in 1896 he went lame and was retired to stud.

Stud career
Halma stood at stud in the United States where he notably sired Alan-a-Dale (b. 1899), winner of the 1902 Kentucky Derby. Halma was the first Derby winner to sire a Derby winner. In June 1901 Charles Fleischmann sold him to American sportsman, William Kissam Vanderbilt who shipped him to his Haras du Quesnay stud farm in France.

In France, Halma's best runner was Oversight (b. 1906), a top colt at age competing at two to four whose wins included the Prix de la Salamandre, Prix du President de la Republique, and Prix Lupin.

Halma died in 1909 at age seventeen.

Pedigree

Sire line tree

Halma
Alan-a-Dale
Barnsdale
Smart Set
Acacia
Oversight
Mirebeau
Insight

References

1892 racehorse births
1909 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Racehorses trained in the United States
Kentucky Derby winners
Thoroughbred family 4-r
Byerley Turk sire line


Shawn Douglas Bain Bowman (born December 9, 1984) is a Canadian former professional baseball third-baseman and current coach.

Early life
Bowman attended Dr. Charles Best Secondary School in Coquitlam, British Columbia and was the starting third-baseman for the Coquitlam Reds of the B.C. Premier Baseball League.  Bowman also played shortstop for Team Canada at the 2002 World Junior Baseball Championship, where he was named to the tournament All-Star Team after hitting 12 RBIs in 5 games.

Professional career
Although Bowman was drafted by the Mets in the 12th round (357th overall) in the 2002 Major League Baseball draft, they failed to agree upon a contract in time for him to play during the 2002 season. Bowman would begin his professional career during the 2003 season when he spent time with both the Kingsport Mets and the Brooklyn Cyclones.  He went on to have a successful 2004 season playing for the Capital City Bombers where he hit .258, had 19 home runs and 69 RBIs in 116 games played.  However, he began to develop chronic back problems during the 2005 season while playing for the St. Lucie Mets of the Florida State League, and was only healthy enough to play in 125 games from over the next three seasons.

A healthy Bowman returned to the St. Lucie lineup on June 17, 2008, and would go on to hit .340 over the next 26 games before earning a promotion to the AA Binghamton Mets.  Although he began his Binghamton career with an 8-game hitting streak, he would only go on to hit .214 over his final 84 at-bats of the 2008 season.

Although he was on Canada's roster for the 2009 World Baseball Classic, Bowman did not make an appearance during either of the team's games.

Bowman was claimed off waivers by the Toronto Blue Jays on April 14, 2010.

On January 18, 2019, he became Dominican Summer League Pirates 2 manager.

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Baseball people from British Columbia
Baseball players at the 2011 Pan American Games
Binghamton Mets players
Brooklyn Cyclones players
Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States
Capital City Bombers players
Dunedin Blue Jays players
Gulf Coast Braves players
Gwinnett Braves players
Jacksonville Suns players
Kingsport Mets players
Minor league baseball managers
Mississippi Braves players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
New Hampshire Fisher Cats players
Pan American Games gold medalists for Canada
Pan American Games medalists in baseball
Sportspeople from New Westminster
St. Lucie Mets players
World Baseball Classic players of Canada
2009 World Baseball Classic players
Medalists at the 2011 Pan American Games


Frodingham may refer to:

Appleby Frodingham F.C., football club based in Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, England
Appleby Frodingham Railway Preservation Society, based at Scunthorpe in Lincolnshire
Appleby-Frodingham Steel Company, formed in 1912 by a take over of the Appleby Ironworks by the Frodingham Ironworks
Frodingham, Lincolnshire, a former hamlet, area of Scunthorpe
Frodingham railway station, railway station in Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire
North Frodingham, village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England
North Frodingham railway station, was to have been a station on the proposed North Holderness Light Railway