Events in the year 1944 in Norway.

Incumbents
Government in Exile (in London)
 Monarch – Haakon VII
 Prime Minister – Johan Nygaardsvold (Labour Party)
German Military Governor
 Reichskommissar in Norway – Josef Terboven
German Puppet Government in Oslo
 Minister-President – Vidkun Quisling (National Unification)

Events

 3 April – The German battleship  was bombed and damaged by British carrier-borne aircraft at Kåfjorden in Alta.
 20 April – The German ammunition transport Voorbode accidentally explodes in the harbour of the Western Norway city of Bergen, killing around 160 people and leaving some 5,000 homeless.
 3 October – Soviet troops cross the border to Norway.
 4 October – British aircraft bomb the U-boat bunker "Bruno" and the dock area in Bergen harbour. As a result, 194 civilians, including 60 children, are killed.
 25 October – the Petsamo–Kirkenes Offensive the Red Army liberates Kirkenes, the first town in Norway to be liberated.
 28 October – Hitler orders the German forces to withdraw from northern Norway. The Germans were determined to leave nothing of value to the Soviets, as Hitler had ordered to leave the area devoid of people, shelter and supplies.
 29 October – The Laksevåg borough of Bergen was bombed again. 52 civilians were killed.
 10 November – The first Norwegian troops (300 men from the brigade in Scotland) arrive in Finnmark.
 12 November – 29 Royal Air Force Avro Lancaster bombers sink the German battleship Tirpitz anchored in a fjord at Tromsø, with 12,000 lb Tallboy bombs.
 27 November – The German prisoner ship Rigel is sunk off Sandnessjøen by Fleet Air Arm bombers in the deadliest ship disaster in Norwegian history.
 31 December – Allied bombers tried to bomb the Victoria Terrasse building in Oslo, which was used as the Gestapo headquarters, but missed the target and instead hit civilian targets. 77 civilians are killed.

Popular culture

Music

Song of Norway by Robert Wright and George Forrest, adapted from the music of Edvard Grieg

Film
Brudekronen, directed by Walter Fyrst

Literature

Notable births

January

5 January
Eystein Eggen, writer (died 2010).
Eirin Faldet, politician.
Ørnulf Opdahl, painter.
6 January
Ørnulf Andresen, cyclist.
Mona Lyngar, novelist.
7 January – Arne Scheie, sports commentator.
9 January – Roy Hellvin, jazz pianist.
13 January – Terje Steen, ice hockey player (died 2020).
14 January – Jan Aas, footballer (died 2016).
15 January – Lars Albert Wensell, civil servant and diplomat.
18 January – Kjersti Ericsson, psychologist, poet and politician.
23 January – Kjell Georg Lund, race walker.
24 January – Kåre Hovda, biathlete (died 1999).

February
3 February – Bjørn Johansen, ice hockey player.
7 February – Bjørn Morisse, musician, illustrator and comics creator (died 2006).
10 February – Rakel Surlien, judge, civil servant and politician.
13 February – Lasse Efskind, speed skater, medical doctor and writer.
20 February – Erik Fjeldstad, ice hockey player (died 2019).
21 February – Harald Sunde, international soccer player and coach
22 February – Karsten Isachsen, Lutheran priest and non-fiction writer (died 2016).
23 February – Per Martin Sunde, alpine skier.
24 February
Bjørn Aamodt, poet (died 2006).
Terje Sandkjær, politician.
26 February – Arne Henriksen, architect.

March

3 March – Arvid Knutsen, soccer player and coach (died 2009)
6 March – Jarmund Øyen, politician
11 March – Øyvind Grøn, physicist
12 March – Fredrik Engelstad, sociologist
15 March
Jørun Drevland, politician
Knut Hendriksen, opera director (died 2020).
Roger Hverven, handball player.
17 March – Arne Strand, journalist and newspaper editor.
20 March – Jan Erik Weber, oceanographer.
22 March – Rigmor Kofoed-Larsen, politician
26 March – Per Werenskiold, sailor.
30 March – Bjarne Johannes Hope, civil servant (died 2006)
31 March – Oddvar Flæte, county governor.

April

3 April – Steinar Imsen, historian and professor.
5 April – Arne Risa, long-distance runner
6 April – Halvor Stenstadvold, business person and politician.
7 April – Jorunn Kjellsby, actress
8 April – Odd Nerdrum, painter
9 April – Kåre Olav Berg, nordic combined skier (died 2007).
11 April – Terje Haugland, long jumper
14 April – Bjørn Atle Holter-Hovind, media and corporate executive.
18 April – Åse Gunhild Woie Duesund, politician
20 April
Peter Butenschøn, architect and publicist.
Frank Olafsen, football player, bandy player and ice hockey player.
23 April
Tore Milsett, cyclist.
Tore Sandberg, journalist, non-fiction writer and private investigator.
Terje Thoen, ice hockey player (died 2008).
25 April
Berit Berthelsen, athlete (died 2022).
Einar Steen-Nøkleberg, classical pianist and musical pedagogue.
28 April – Magne Aarøen, politician (died 2003)
27 April
Siri Austeng, politician (died 2017).
Bjørn Dyrdahl, luger.
30 April – Jon Bing, writer and law professor (died 2014).

May

2 May – Wenche Cumming, politician.
5 May – Arne Risa, long-distance runner who specialized in 3000 metres steeplechase and 10,000 metres.
6 May – Carl I. Hagen, politician
7 May – Eva Norvind, writer, documentary producer, director, sex therapist and actress (died 2006)
10 May – John Fredriksen, oil tanker and shipping tycoon
16 May – Jørgen Holte, politician
17 May – Harald Wigaard, gymnast.
24 May – Ivar Fonnes, civil servant, national archivist.
26 May – Jan Kinder, ice hockey player (died 2013).
27 May – Karen Fladset, handball player and coach.

June

1 June – Øyvind Nordsletten, diplomat
7 June – Kjartan Fløgstad, author
8 June – Ann-Mari Hvaal, artistic gymnast.
12 June – Bjørn Elvenes, ice hockey player (died 1988).
13 June – Bjørn Tveter, speed skater
15 June – Eva Lange, painter and printmaker (died 2017).
18 June – Ailo Gaup, Sámi shaman and author
19 June – Arne Holen, musicologist
28 June – Ellen Auensen, illustrator.
29 June – Lars Grini, ski jumper and Olympic bronze medallist

July

3 July – Sverre Mitsem, judge (died 2005)
4 July – Jan Erik Kongshaug, sound engineering, jazz guitarist, and composer
12 July – Kjell Kristian Rike, sports commentator (died 2008)
14 July – Jon Michelet, thriller and crime fiction writer (Orion's Belt), publisher, newspaper editor (Klassekampen) and politician (died 2018).
15 July – Trygve Retvik, artist.
18 July – Sverre Anker Ousdal, actor
19 July – Jan Reinås, businessperson (died 2010).
23 July – Arne Mikkelsen, ice hockey player.
25 July – Svein Erik Nilsen, rower.
27 July – Johan C. Løken, politician (died 2017).
31 July – Knut Einar Eriksen, historian

August

1 August – Tom Christensen, ice hockey player.
4 August – Nina Sundbye, sculptor.
5 August – Lars Myraune, military officer and politician.
11 August – Inger Nordal, botanist.
14 August – Åge Hadler, orienteer (world champion 1966, 1970).
28 August – Katharina Mo-Berge, cross-country skier.

September

7 September – Britt Mjaasund Øyen, ice sledge speed racer.
9 September – Finn Urdal, handball player.
13 September – Halvor Moxnes, theologian.
20 September – Siri Frost Sterri, politician.
27 September – Villy Haugen, speed skater and Olympic bronze medallist.
29 September – Sven Kroken, curler.

October

1 October – Yngvar Numme, singer, actor, revue writer and director.
8 October – Didrik Tønseth, diplomat and lawyer.
9 October – Jan Fredrik Wiborg, civil engineer (died 1994)
11 October – Bernt Albert, politician.
12 October – Øivind Andersen, philologist.
13 October – Hans Olav Østgaard, jurist and civil servant.
14 October – Svein Flåtten, politician
17 October – Leiv Nergaard, businessperson
18 October – Finn Seemann, international soccer player (died 1985)
23 October – Liv Lundberg, author (died 2022).
29 October – Geir Henning Braaten, pianist.

November

5 November
Asmund Kristoffersen, politician
Håkon Mjøen, alpine skier.
8 November – Else Mundal, philologist.
9 November – Else Bugge Fougner, lawyer and a politician.
11 November
Tore Berger, sprint canoer, Olympic gold medallist and World Champion
Per Ivar Moe, speed skater and Olympic silver medallist
12 November – Tore Hem, sport wrestler.
18 November – Unni Wikan, professor of social anthropology.
24 November – Brit Vingelsgaard Ryen, politician.
26 November
Anstein Gjengedal, police chief.
Kjellbjørg Lunde, politician

December

1 December – Nils Ole Oftebro, actor.
3 December – Jan Johansen, sprint canoer, Olympic gold medallist and World Champion
4 December – Ernst Wroldsen, politician.
8 December – Beate Audum Mulholland, children's writer (died 1994).
10 December – Oddgeir Bruaset, journalist and non-fiction writer.
13 December – Ursula Evje, politician
14 December – Jon Terje Øverland, alpine skier.
16 December – Bjørn Ransve, painter and printmaker.
26 December
Lasse Hamre, alpine skier.
Børre Rognlien, sports official and politician.
27 December – John M. Jacobsen, film producer
31 December – Kristin Hille Valla, politician and Minister

Full date unknown
Jiri Hlinka, music professor and piano teacher
Stein H. Annexstad, businessperson and politician
Ole T. Berg, political scientist
Sven G. Eliassen, historian
Øystein Josefsen, businessperson and politician
Bjørn Myrseth, biologist and businessperson
Nic. Nilsen, businessperson
Åsmund Reikvam, professor in medicine and former politician
Aud Talle, social anthropologist
Torkel Wetterhus, businessperson and politician

Deaths

23 January – Edvard Munch, painter and printmaker (born 1863).
19 February – Reidar Haave Olsen, pilot (born 1923)
25 April – Olav Nielsen, boxer (born 1902)
12 June – Einar Hærland, military officer, executed (born 1909)
24 June – Sigurd Roll, diplomat and former sprinter (born 1893)
8 August – Ragnvald Hvoslef, politician (born 1872)
14 October – Torleif Torkildsen, gymnast and Olympic bronze medallist (born 1892)
13 November – Gregers Gram, resistance fighter and saboteur (born 1917)
5 December – Michael Hansson, judge (born 1875).
12 December – Alf Hjort, electrical engineer in America (born 1877)

Full date unknown
Haakon Martin Five, politician and Minister (born 1880)
Alfred Klingenberg, pianist (born 1867)
Odd Sverressøn Klingenberg, politician and Minister (born 1871)

See also

References

External links


There are multiple waterfalls in the basin of the North Fork Cascade River, a river in the North Cascades of Washington that drains to the Cascade River.  Many of these are taller than the more famous waterfalls in North America, but do not receive much attention due to their remoteness.

Main waterfalls

Boston Creek Falls

Boston Creek Falls is a tall waterfall that drops  off Forbidden Peak. With an average width of  and a run of , for the most part it is really more of a long cascade than a true waterfall. Its most prominent tier is a  veil visible from the road, and a  section of the falls is also in view from the road.

Torment Falls

Torment Falls, although similar in fashion to Boston Creek Falls, is steeper and often more impressive. The falls slide  off Mount Torment in three or four tiers, in a run about  long. Like Boston Creek Falls, the falls is mostly obscured due to its gently sloping nature, and is only partially visible from the road.

Roush Creek Falls

Roush Creek Falls is a tall and powerful waterfall that cascades off the Eldorado Glacier. At about  in height, though this measurement may vary as much as , it is one of the tallest waterfalls in the state. The falls skip down the valley wall in several strands, before turning into a more vertical waterfall and pouring into the North Fork.

Johannesburg Falls

Johannesburg Falls, at , is a tall, low-volume cascade that falls vertically about  from several small unnamed glaciers on Johannesburg Mountain. Its most prominent feature is its final vertical drop of .  In overall height, it is the 19th tallest waterfall in the world.

Other waterfalls

Known waterfalls
Morning Star Falls, at , cascades  off Sahale Mountain in several long, sliding waterfalls.
Gilbert Falls, at , is a  waterfall that is formed by a stream, Gilbert Creek, that cascades a total of  from its source in the Boston Basin.

Obscure waterfalls
Midas Creek Falls, at
Hidden Lake Falls, at
Cascade Basin Falls, at

References

Waterfalls of Washington (state)
North Cascades of Washington (state)
Landforms of Skagit County, Washington


James Grifing Lucas (June 24, 1915 – July 22, 1971) was a war correspondent for Scripps-Howard Newspapers who won a 1954 Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting "for his notable front-line human interest reporting of the Korean War, the cease-fire and the prisoner-of-war exchanges, climaxing 26 months of distinguished service as a war correspondent."  He also reported on the Vietnam War and wrote a book about his experiences, Dateline: Vietnam.

Born in Checotah, Oklahoma, the son of Jim Bob Lucas, Jr. and Effie Lincoln Griffing, he began his journalism career as the editor of his high school newspaper. Lucas attended the University of Missouri before going to work for the Muskogee Phoenix  as a feature writer. He also worked in broadcasting for KBIX in Muskogee and for the Tulsa Tribune. During World War II, Lucas became a combat correspondent with the Marines, and began his association with Scripps-Howard before the end of the war. At the Battle of Tarawa, he was listed as killed in action for three days. For Lucas' vivid descriptions of that battle, he was awarded the 1943 National Headliners Award.

He was the first recipient of the Ernie Pyle Memorial Award, and the first person to receive it twice: first for his 1953 reporting on the Korean War, and again for his 1964 reporting on the Vietnam War. Lucas also was awarded a Bronze Star and a Presidential Unit Citation for his Marine service. The Virginia Chapter of the United States Marine Corps Combat Correspondents Association is named the Jim G. Lucas Chapter.

He remained single all his life and died of abdominal cancer in Washington, DC.

References

1915 births
1971 deaths
People from Checotah, Oklahoma
American male journalists
Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting winners
E. W. Scripps Company people
20th-century American journalists
Ernie Pyle Award winners
Deaths from stomach cancer
Deaths from cancer in Washington, D.C.
American war correspondents of World War II


Events in the year 1929 in Norway.

Incumbents
 Monarch – Haakon VII

Events

 21 March - Crown Prince Olav (later King Olav) married his cousin, Princess Märtha of Sweden.

 8 May
 Norway annexed the volcanic island Jan Mayen located in the Arctic Ocean.
 Seamen organize a general strike in opposition to proposed wage cuts.

Popular culture

Sports

Music

Film

Notable births

 1 January – Fredrik Olsen, shipping magnate
 3 January – Grethe Rytter Hasle, planktologist (died 2013)
 17 January – Jan Rasmus Skåre, judge (died 2018)
3 February – Arvid Johanson, politician and minister (died 2013)
 10 February – Hallgeir Brenden, cross country skier and double Olympic gold medallist (died 2007)
 10 February – Einar W. Sissener, businessperson (died 2008)
 26 February – Bjørn Skau, politician and minister (died 2013)
 4 March – Fredrik Hagemann, geologist and public servant (died 2019).
 5 April – Ivar Giaever, physicist, shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973
 19 April – Guttorm Berge, alpine skier and Olympic bronze medallist (died 2004)
 20 April – Knut S. Heier, geochemist (died 2008)
 6 May – Jorun Askersrud, cross country skier and athlete (died 2012)
 7 May – Arnsten Samuelstuen, ski jumper (died 2012)
 10 May – Audun Boysen, middle-distance runner and Olympic bronze medallist (died 2000)
 10 May – John Gjerde, politician (died 2005)
 28 or 29 May – Dag Frogner, painter and scenographer (died 2015).
 31 May – Halvdan Ljøsne, painter (died 2006)
 11 June – Per Almar Aas, politician (died 2014)
 24 June – Oddvar Barlie, sports wrestler (died 2017).
 1 July – Sigurd Berge, composer (died 2002)
 8 July – Gunnar Block Watne, engineer and businessperson, introduced prefabricated houses in Norway (died 2016).
 13 July – Svein Ellingsen, visual artist and hymnist (died 2020)
 18 July – Kai Ekanger, politician (died 2018)
 26 August – Willy Arne Wold, politician (died 1996)
 24 September – Kåre Rønning, politician (died 1990)
 30 September – Kjell Askildsen, writer (died 2021)
 30 September – Helga Gitmark, politician (died 2008)
 18 October – Inger Sitter, painter and printmaker (died 2015).
 19 October – Thorbjørn Kultorp, politician (died 2004)
 22 October – Tore Sinding-Larsen, judge (died 2013)
 30 November – Leif Haraldseth, trade unionist, politician and minister (died 2019)
 13 December – Lars Skytøen, politician and minister (died 2016)
 14 December – Magne Lerheim, politician (died 1994)
 24 December – Sverre Wilberg, actor (died 1996)

Full date unknown
 Øystein Elgarøy, astronomer (died 1998)
 Nils Peder Langvand, judge (died 2002)
 Gunnar Solum, politician (died 2008)

Notable deaths

 6 January – August Herman Halvorsen, politician (born 1866)
 22 February – Gunnar Heiberg, playwright (born 1857).
 23 March – Rudolf Nilsen, poet and journalist (born 1901)
 2 May – Anders Svor, sculptor (born 1864)
 24 May – Just Bing Ebbesen, priest and politician (born 1847)
 8 June – Ole Larsen Skattebøl, judge and politician (born 1844)
 9 July – Hans Andersen Foss, author, newspaper editor and temperance leader in America (born 1851)
 1 August – Gregers Winther Wulfsberg Gram, jurist and politician (born 1846)
 12 September – Olaf Hovdenak, long-distance runner (born 1891)
 3 November – Olav Aukrust, poet and teacher (born 1883)
 19 November – Torleiv Hannaas, philologist (born 1874)
 14 December – Sigurd Jørgensen, gymnast and Olympic gold medallist (born 1887)

Full date unknown
 Mads Gram, physician (born 1875)
 Nils Otto Hesselberg, politician (born 1844)
 Christian Holtermann Knudsen, typographer, newspaper editor, publisher, trade unionist and politician (born 1845)
 Oscar Ludvig Stoud Platou, jurist and professor (born 1845)

See also

References

External links


A teen situation comedy, or teen sitcom, is a subgenre of comedic television program targeted towards young people. In general, these type of programs focus primarily on characters between 11 and 19 years of age and routinely feature characters involved in humorous situations (either realistic or fantasy in style, depending on the program's plotline), and often focus on the characters' family and  social lives. The primary plot of each episode often involves the protagonist(s) the program centers on, while secondary plotlines often focus on the character(s') parents, siblings (those not among the leads, if any) or friends, although the secondary characters may sometimes also or instead be involved in the episode's main plot.

The most common episodic plot lines used in teen sitcoms involve the protagonist(s) dealing with family and friends, ending up in a complicated situation (such as the protagonist's parents not allowing them to try out for a school sports team because of their gender) that the characters must solve by episode's end, getting into moral conflicts with their parents, friends, relatives, or siblings, and coming-of-age situations (such as a first date or learning how to drive); however, more dramatic and shocking plot elements or ones which center on undesirable (such as bullying, anxiety, peer pressure, dirty cops, excessive force, underage alcoholism, and possibly even substance abuse) may be featured as well, in what are sometimes called "very special episodes".

Although adolescents are the main audience focus for these programs, these programs are also popular with young adults as well as preteens. Older adults may enjoy them for nostalgic purposes. Like teen dramas, this genre was also generally non-existent during the first 30 years of television.

History

1940s–1980s
When sitcoms reached their peak in the 1950s and 1960s, these programs were supposed to be family-oriented. Sitcoms of the 1950s and 1960s such as Leave It to Beaver, Father Knows Best, The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet and The Donna Reed Show were popular with teenagers, along with the entire family. The teen movie genre was popular during the 1960s and led the way towards the teen sitcom genre.

The earliest ancestor of the teen sitcom was Meet Corliss Archer, a TV adaptation of a popular radio show about a teenage girl which aired briefly in syndication in 1954. The first teen sitcom on a major network was The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, a 1959–1963 CBS sitcom based on collegiate short stories by humorist Max Shulman. Dobie Gillis followed the adventures of a teenage boy and his friends through high school, the military, and college, and was the first U.S. network television program to feature teenagers (played by Dwayne Hickman and Bob Denver, actors in their twenties at the time) as its lead characters.

In the mid-1960s, the creation of sitcoms such as The Monkees and Gidget were primarily targeted towards teenage audiences. The 1969–1974 ABC sitcom The Brady Bunch was very popular with younger audiences, especially pre-teens and younger teenagers, as was its competitor The Partridge Family, which premiered in 1970. These shows are very similar to the "tween" orientated shows that have aired in more recent years such as Hannah Montana. The 1970s also featured teen sitcoms such as What's Happening!!, Happy Days and Welcome Back, Kotter.

During the 1980s, television series such as The Facts of Life, Silver Spoons, Square Pegs,  Family Ties, The Hogan Family, Who's the Boss?, Growing Pains, The New Leave It to Beaver, My Two Dads, and Good Morning, Miss Bliss (later known as Saved by the Bell) were extremely popular especially among the younger demographic.

1990s onward

Teen-oriented sitcoms have become more popular since the 1990s; during that decade, these type of programs gradually became fairly common on both broadcast and cable networks. Although pertinent social issues relating to the demographic were featured in earlier series, Blossom regularly focused on such issues, with episodes dealing with subject matter such as drug use, guns and teen sex.

ABC

Several sitcoms aired on ABC during the early and mid-1990s were aimed primarily at teenage audiences as well as families; most of them aired as part of TGIF, the network's popular Friday night comedy block that originally ran from 1989 to 2000. Such examples include Step by Step (which focused on a blended family and regularly focused on the exploits of the six younger characters), Boy Meets World (similar in format to The Wonder Years, which ended before Boy Meets World debuted in 1993, both of which focused on a boy dealing with the challenges that come with growing into adolescence) and Family Matters (which originated as a family sitcom spun off from the family-friendly though adult-centered Perfect Strangers, but soon shifted more of its focus towards its teenage characters due to the popularity of the character of nerdy high school (and later, college) student Steve Urkel).

Other short-lived series that featured teenage protagonists included Sister, Sister (which aired during the 1994–1995 season but was cancelled and promptly moved to The WB and Clueless (aired on ABC  during the 1996–1997 season and later moved to UPN; based on the hit 1995 comedy film starring teen idol Alicia Silverstone).

One of the TGIF's biggest hits was Sabrina, the Teenage Witch which debuted in 1996. It starred Melissa Joan Hart whom was previously known to young audiences in the hit Nickelodeon teen sitcom Clarissa Explains It All which aired from 1991 to 1994. Sabrina was based on a popular Archie Comics character that was featured in an animated series from the early 1970s and a 1996 TV movie of the same name that aired on Showtime. The franchise focused on the adventures of the eponymous main character who tries to live a normal life as a teenager and later young adult while dealing with being a half-witch/half-mortal; Sabrina ran for four seasons on ABC and an additional three on The WB).

Though TGIF was originally geared towards families, the success of Sabrina, The Teenage Witch and Boy Meets World which had its teenage cast become teen idols and the transfer of its more successful sitcoms like Step by Step and Family Matters (which by that point was more focused on the young adult cast) to CBS in 1997, led to the block's shift towards teen-oriented sitcoms that fall. In order to capitalize on the success of Sabrina, TGIF introduced two new fantasy comedies (albeit with male protagonists): Teen Angel (which heavily leaned towards a teenage demographic with its three male protagonists) and You Wish (which had more a family-oriented demographic). However, neither managed to find an audience and were cancelled after only a season.

Another attempt at a teenage demographic came with the 1999 sitcom Odd Man Out which heavily promoted its teenage lead star Erik Von Detten (nicknamed "EVD") who was already popular with the teenage female audience from his previous roles in Disney media such as So Weird and Brink! and the Universal film Leave It to Beaver. However like Teen Angel, it failed to reach its intended audience and was cancelled after one season. Detten would later star in another short-lived TGIF sitcom, Complete Savages (2004-2005) which consisted of a predominantly teenage male cast with a dysfunctional sibling dynamic a la Malcolm in the Middle.

Over time, the Big Three television networks (ABC, CBS and NBC) began shifting away from family-oriented comedies toward comedy series focused on adults (although some family comedies have continued to return on those networks since then), teen sitcoms for the most part began to shift more towards broadcast networks intentionally aimed at younger audiences than the Big Three and cable television.

NBC
In 1989, the sitcom Saved by the Bell (a retooling of the 1987–88 Disney Channel comedy Good Morning, Miss Bliss) premiered on NBC. The series quickly became a fan favorite and one of the most highly rated and popular teen shows of all time. Saved by the Bell had its main characters go through typical teen issues and the drama of high school, though the series was very comical and the issues were often resolved before the end of the episode. Notably, Saved by the Bell featured teenage archetypes and stereotypes. Saved by the Bell kept its Saturday morning slot until 1993, when it ended after four seasons (by the final season, two main characters – Kelly Kapowski (Tiffani Thiessen) and Jessie Spano (Elizabeth Berkley) – departed from the series and were replaced by a new character).

Saved by the Bell spawned a short-lived spin-off Saved by the Bell: The College Years, which aired in primetime and only lasted one season; another spin-off, Saved by the Bell: The New Class, lasted for seven years (although it was notable for reusing plotlines originating in episodes of the original Saved by the Bell series). The series was responsible for the creation of NBC's TNBC Saturday morning block, which was targeted towards teenagers. The block also featured comedies such as California Dreams (focusing on an aspiring band), Hang Time (centering on the players and cheerleaders of a high school basketball team), City Guys (centering on the developing friendship of two New York City high school students of different backgrounds and races) and One World (focusing on a family in which all six children are adopted from different backgrounds). The vast majority of the series on the TNBC block were produced by Peter Engel.

Fox, The WB and UPN
Fox, The WB and UPN were each launched (respectively in 1986 and 1995) with target audiences aimed at teenagers and adults between the ages of 12 and 34. Fox aired teen dramas such as Beverly Hills, 90210 and Party of Five and sitcoms such as That '70s Show, Malcolm in the Middle, Married... with Children (in which its teen characters, who grew into adults over the 11-year run sometimes alternated between being part of the main plot and the secondary plot) and Parker Lewis Can't Lose.

That '70s Show was a hit with both teenage and adult audiences, and focused on the lives of six teenage friends living in Wisconsin between 1976 and 1979; despite the short time period it was set in, the sitcom aired for eight years on Fox due to the use of a floating timeline. While Malcolm in the Middle was targeted towards an adult demographic, it featured a predominantly adolescent-to-young adult male cast which led to its popularity with younger viewers and launched the career of teen idol Frankie Muniz.

The WB and UPN were popular destinations for teen sitcoms. The WB's earliest comedies with teens as the central characters included Sister, Sister (which originated on ABC from 1994 to 1999; about teenage twin sisters who accidentally reunite while at a clothing store with their respective adopted parents after being separated after they were born 15 years earlier, resulting in Tia Landry (Tia Mowry) and her mother Lisa (Jackée Harry) moving in the house belonging to Tamera Campbell (Tamera Mowry) and her father Ray (Tim Reid)) and Unhappily Ever After (originally centering on the divorcing parents of three children, but shifted its primary focus on the latter characters, specifically attractive but intelligent redhead Tiffany Malloy (Nikki Cox) and her less-than-bright brother Ryan (Kevin Connolly)).

In 2002, What I Like About You debuted on The WB – centering on spontaneous, wild 16-year-old Holly Tyler (portrayed by former Nickelodeon star Amanda Bynes), who convinces her father – who accepts a job position in Japan – to let her live with her neurotic, uptight older sister Valerie (portrayed by former 90210 star Jennie Garth). In general, The WB put much of its programming focus during the network's 11-year existence on teen-oriented series (attempting to broaden its audience in its final two years), which alongside comedy series had also included dramas such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer and One Tree Hill.

UPN's sitcoms largely (with few exceptions) were aimed at African-American audiences; such programs aimed at teens included Moesha, which focused on African-American teenager Moesha Mitchell (portrayed by singer Brandy) and her family and friends. The 2001–06 sitcom One on One, centered on Breanna Barnes (Kyla Pratt), who (in a relatively similar concept as What I Like About You) convinces her mother to let her live with her father Flex Washington (Flex Alexander), a former basketball star who became a father to Breanna at age 18. Both The WB and UPN were shut down in September 2006, and were replaced by The CW (which carried series from both predecessor networks, including Everybody Hates Chris, which was loosely based on the adolescence of actor/comedian Chris Rock). The CW dropped sitcoms from its schedule in 2009 (when Everybody Hates Chris and the adult-targeted dramedy The Game were canceled), to focus more on its drama and reality series.

MTV
The creation of MTV in 1981 had gathered a majority of the teenage audience with the airing of back-to-back music videos. Over time (beginning in the early 1990s), MTV gradually shifted into its current format as a lifestyle and pop culture channel that airs a limited amount of music videos, mostly during the late night and early morning hours, instead focusing on reality shows, soap operas, sports, documentaries and music-related programs.

MTV aired series targeted towards teenagers such as TRL, a daily music countdown show; Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County, a reality show focused around a group or rich teenagers living in California; and the latter's spinoff The Hills, which centered on former Laguna Beach cast member Lauren Conrad and her internship at Teen Vogue. During the 1990s, MTV aired the controversial animated series Beavis and Butt-head, which focused on the antics of two idiotic teenage slackers and their unsuccessful attempts at getting girls, though they often displayed gross, violent and crude behavior; a spinoff about one of the lead characters' former classmates, Daria, premiered in 1997 and focused around a cynical, sarcastic, intelligent yet monotone teenage girl and her stereotype-infested high school. In 2010, MTV premiered its first live action teen sitcom The Hard Times of RJ Berger, which became an instant hit although it would be canceled after two seasons. Awkward, which debuted in 2011, was another hit for the network and focuses on a teenage girl who tries to navigate through adolescence after the circumstances of a bathroom accident after reading an anonymous letter written about her, result in her notoriety once her high school classmates believe she attempted suicide.

Nickelodeon
Children's cable channel Nickelodeon had begun its own trend of producing teen sitcoms in the late 1980s; one of the earliest was the 1989–93 series Hey Dude, which focused on a group of teenagers working at a dude ranch; the network's most popular comedy of the 1990s was Clarissa Explains It All, running from 1991 to 1994 and starring then-unknown actress Melissa Joan Hart, which focused around Clarissa Darling, a typical teenager that faced typical teen issues and an aggravating younger brother. The series debunked a long-held belief that a children's series that centered on a female character would not be popular with boys, in fact, Clarissa was widely popular among children of both genders (Hart would later star in  the hit sitcom Sabrina, the Teenage Witch which further would catapult her further into teen stardom).

In the same year as Clarissa, Nickelodeon also premiered Salute Your Shorts, a sitcom following the various hijinks of teenage campers at Camp Anawanna and Welcome Freshmen, a subversive take on the high school sitcom which featured a mix of comedy skits, a glaring lack of educational and moral lessons, sexual innuendo and cynical main characters. However, neither managed to reach the success of Clarissa which outlived both series by a year. The year 1992 saw the introduction of the network's popular long-running primetime block SNICK (contraction of Saturday Night Nick) and the network's first in-house sketch comedy/variety series Roundhouse. While hugely unsuccessful in the ratings, Roundhouse still was innovative in some ways such as featuring a large diverse teenage cast and an urban setting which stood out from the predominantly white suburban environment of the Nickelodeon's past series.

From 1993 to 1994, Nickelodeon aired The Adventures of Pete & Pete (which grew to have a strong cult following over the years), The Secret World of Alex Mack (a female driven series like Clarissa which was also a success, having a four-year run) and the short-lived My Brother and Me (which serves as a milestone as Nickelodeon's first black sitcom). The year 1994 marked the premiere of highly successful sketch comedy series All That which highlighted a multiethnic cast similar to its predecessor Roundhouse but unlike its predecessor, All That enjoyed a decade of popularity ending its long run in 2005. All That was also a vital starting point of Dan Schneider's relationship with Nickelodeon and started the careers of several successful teen actors associated with the network's brand.

In 1996, Nickelodeon debuted Kenan & Kel (the first spin-off of All That which became a hit sitcom for the network), in 1998, Cousin Skeeter, and in 1999, The Amanda Show (the second spin-off of All That which remains one of Nickelodeon's highest rated series and launched the career of teen idol Amanda Bynes) and 100 Deeds for Eddie McDowd.

From the 2000s onward, Nickelodeon has aired The Brothers Garcia, Noah Knows Best,  As Told by Ginger, The Nick Cannon Show (spun-off from All That), Taina (a predecessor to Victorious), Drake & Josh (spun-off from The Amanda Show), Romeo!, Unfabulous, Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide, Zoey 101 (spun-off from All That), Mr. Meaty, Just Jordan, iCarly (spun-off from Drake & Josh and grew to become one of longest-running and the highest rated live-action series in Nickelodeon history), True Jackson, VP, Big Time Rush, The Troop, Bucket & Skinner's Epic Adventures, How to Rock, Victorious (Served as the launching pad for pop star Ariana Grande's music career), Sam & Cat (spun-off from iCarly and Victorious), Supah Ninjas, The Thundermans, Every Witch Way, Bella and the Bulldogs, Henry Danger, Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn, Talia in the Kitchen and School of Rock, all of which are targeted towards older children and teenagers along with adults.

Its teen comedies, as well as animated and dramatic series, populated the long-running SNICK block that ran from 1992 to 2005. SNICK was replaced by TEENick as the network's block for teen comedy in 2001.

Disney Channel
Launched in 1983, Disney Channel was originally a premium channel geared towards young children, families and adults. However, in 1988, the channel made its first attempt to appeal to an adolescent audience with its first original sitcom Good Morning, Miss Bliss. Miss Bliss detailed the lives of middle schoolers who got into various wacky adventures but had the guidance of their kind-hearted homeroom teacher Miss Bliss (portrayed by Hayley Mills of The Parent Trap fame). It was short-lived and was retooled later into NBC's Saved by the Bell which enjoyed much more success on the broadcast network and syndication.

Another attempt came with 1989 reboot of The Mickey Mouse Club (MMC) which contained a mix of sketch comedy, musical and dance numbers (often covers of then-popular pop songs), celebrity guest stars and serial dramas. As opposed to its counterpart Kids Incorporated (also airing on Disney Channel) which was aimed squarely at children, MMC'''s demographic skewed towards older children and teenagers. It was not only a huge success for the premium channel but served as a testing ground for the channel's earliest attempts at creating a brand of teen pop stars. Two pop groups were spawned from the variety show: The Party and MMC, both contained the most popular cast members at the time. A few years after MMC ended, a handful of former cast members would go on to have successful careers in music and film including: Britney Spears, Ryan Gosling, Justin Timberlake and JC Chasez (who both became members of the popular boy band *NSYNC), Christina Aguilera and Keri Russell.

During the 1990s and 2000s, Disney Channel would begin to air reruns of teen-themed comedies and dramas with foreign and Canadian imports such as Eerie, Indiana, The Baby-Sitters Club, Ready or Not, The Torkelsons, Growing Pains, Brotherly Love, Smart Guy, Ocean Girl, Dinosaurs, Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show, Boy Meets World, Sister, Sister, Life with Derek and Naturally, Sadie.

In 1997, Disney Channel began the transition into the basic cable market (which was completed nationwide by 2002) and underwent a network overhaul. This overhaul involved the network shifting its main focus to "tweens" and young teenagers which culminated in the 1998 launch of the Zoog Disney brand. Zoog Disney was a primetime and weekend block hosted by animated teenage cyber-creatures called "Zoogs" and featured original series and films, live concerts and music videos of current teen pop artists, exclusive behind-the-scenes footage of upcoming Disney films, extreme sports clips and interstitials that promoted usage of the internet. These new original series included: Flash Forward (a coming-of-age comedy about two best friends in their last year of middle school), The Jersey (a sports-themed comedy about a magical jersey that places its teenage protagonists into the bodies of famous athletes), The Famous Jett Jackson (a dramedy about the star of an action television action series trying to balance life as a normal teenager), Bug Juice (a reality show about the adventures of teenagers at summer camp), So Weird (a dramatic sci-fi series focusing around a teenage girl who attracts the paranormal/occult and often has to battle potential threats to humanity), In a Heartbeat (a drama focusing on the lives of several teenagers who volunteer as part-time EMTs while going to school and trying to maintain their lives as normal teenagers) and Even Stevens, (a comedy about a misfit in a family of high achievers).

Disney Channel's first truly successful sitcom was Lizzie McGuire, which centered on a junior high school girl dealing with the onset of puberty, trying to become popular and other teen issues. It was followed two years later (in 2003) by That's So Raven, a comedy which mixed fantasy and real-life issues (centering on a girl who has psychic abilities that are only known by her friends and family), this also became a major hit for Disney Channel; it was also the first Disney Channel series both to last four seasons and to reach 100 episodes.

The success of That's So Raven ultimately led to more "high concept" series to be produced for the channel, the most notable of which include Hannah Montana (centering on a girl who, until the series' fourth and last season, led a secret double life as a teen pop star; the series surpassed its predecessors in terms of popularity), The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (centering on twin brothers living in a hotel where their mother works as a singer and a smart blonde and a dumb Asian live here; it led to a spin-off set on a cruise ship featuring the majority of the original series' main cast, The Suite Life on Deck) and Wizards of Waverly Place (which surpassed That's So Raven as the longest-running Disney Channel series by number of episodes, ending its run with 106 episodes, and centered on three siblings vying to become the sole wizard of their family). The channel continues to produce comedies with a "high concept" plot, such as Jessie (focusing on a woman from Texas who becomes a nanny to four upper-class New York City children), Shake It Up (about two teenage girls who are dancers on a local music show), A.N.T. Farm (about middle school students transferred into a gifted high school education program), Austin & Ally (about a teen pop singer's relationship with a teenage songwriter) and Dog With a Blog (about a family whose pet dog is able to talk). However, shows with a more basic plotline are also featured such as Good Luck Charlie (focusing on the Duncan Family adjusting to the recent arrival of a new baby), Liv and Maddie (focusing on teenage twin sisters, one of whom is a former sitcom star, adjusting to life together in the same high school), I Didn't Do It (which outlines an incident involving the two lead characters each episode as explained by them), and Girl Meets World (which focuses on Boy Meets World characters, Cory and Topanga Matthews' teenage daughter, Riley as she navigates the challenges of life and being a teenager) which are all fairly popular with teenage audiences, as well as older children and young adults.

Disney Channel's comedy series, while not exclusively targeted for that audience, are geared more towards teen and preteen girls; in contrast, the channel's male-oriented spin-off network Disney XD, features series aimed at boys, although shows on each network are widely popular among both genders. Disney XD's sitcoms have included Zeke and Luther (about two teenage skateboarders), Crash & Bernstein (about a 12-year-old boy's friendship with a living puppet), Mighty Med (about a hospital for superheroes), I'm in the Band (about a teenage boy recruited as the new guitarist to a washed-up heavy metal band), Kickin' It (about a group of teenage students at a martial arts academy), Lab Rats (about three teen superheroes and a normal boy) and Pair of Kings'' (about two fraternal twin brothers who are connected to a royal family from a faraway kingdom).

See also
 List of teen sitcoms
 Teen magazine
 Very special episodes

Notes

Television terminology
Television genres
 Sitcomh


Doris Duranti (25 April 1917 – 10 March 1995) was an Italian film actress. She appeared in 43 films between 1935 and 1975. She had a years-long affair with Alessandro Pavolini, a Fascist politician who in 1945 was executed by Italian partisans; his body was then hung with that of Benito Mussolini.

Partial filmography

 Il serpente a sonagli (1935) - Collegiale
 Golden Arrow (1935)
 Aldebaran (1935) - Anna's friend
 The Phantom Gondola (1936) - Nelly
 Lo squadrone bianco (1936) - Una turista (uncredited)
 Vivere! (1936)
 Ginevra degli Almieri (1936)
 White Amazons (1936)
 Sentinels of Bronze (1937) - Dahabò
 Under the Southern Cross (1938) - Mailù
 Diamonds (1939) - Marta Aurasco
 Cavalleria rusticana (1939) - Lola
 Wealth Without a Future (1940) - Laura, loro nipote
 È sbarcato un marinaio (1940) - Nelly
 The Cavalier from Kruja (1940) - Eliana Haidar
 The Daughter of the Green Pirate (1940) - Manuela, la figlia del Corsaro Verde
 The King's Jester (1941) - Margot
 Capitan Tempesta (1942) - Haradia
 Tragic Night (1942) - Armida
 Il leone di Damasco (1942) - Haradia
 Giarabub (1942) - Dolores
 The Countess of Castiglione (1942) - Virginia Oldoini, contessa di Castiglione
 Carmela (1942) - Carmela Ferrari
 Calafuria (1943) - Marta Traversi
 Resurrection (1944) - Caterina Màslova
 Rosalba (1944)
 Nessuno torna indietro (1945) - Emanuela Andari
 Alguien se acerca (1948)
 Estrela da Manhã (1950)
 Il voto (1950) - Carmela
 Fugitive in Trieste (1951) - Lida
 I falsari (1951) - Teresa
 Repentance (1952)
 Tragic Return (1952) - Elisa
 At Sword's Edge (1952) - Columba
 The Moment of Truth (1952) - Madame Berlinga
 Papà ti ricordo (1952)
 La storia del fornaretto di Venezia (1952) - Bianca Sormani
 The Mute of Portici (1952) - Elvira d'Herrera
 Francis the Smuggler (1953) - Laila
 Flight 971 (1953) - Liliana Musso
 Il bacio dell'Aurora (1953)
 The Divine Nymph (1975) - Ferdinanda Fones

References

External links

1917 births
1995 deaths
People from Livorno
Italian film actresses
20th-century Italian actresses


The Divine Woman (1928) is an American silent film directed by Victor Sjöström and starring Greta Garbo. Produced and distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Only a single nine-minute reel and an additional 45-second excerpt are currently known to exist of this otherwise lost film, the only whole copy of which was destroyed in the 1965 MGM vault fire.

The film grossed $541,000 in the USA and $390,000 internationally; its worldwide gross was $931,000 and generated MGM a profit of $354,000.

Origin
The film is adapted from the 1925 Broadway play Starlight by Gladys Unger, which starred Doris Keane. The plot is loosely based on stories of the early life of the French actress Sarah Bernhardt.

Plot
Marianne (Greta Garbo) is a poor French country girl who goes to Paris in the 1860s to seek her fortune as an actress. As she rises to success in the theatre, she must choose between the romantic attentions of two men. The first is Lucien (Lars Hanson), a poor but passionate young soldier who deserts the army to be with Marianne and goes to jail after stealing a dress to give her. Her other suitor is Henry Legrand (Lowell Sherman), a wealthy middle-aged Paris producer who offers her fame and fortune.

Cast
Greta Garbo as Marianne
Lars Hanson as Lucien
Lowell Sherman as Henry Legrand
Polly Moran as Mme. Pigonier
Dorothy Cumming as Mme. Zizi Rouck, Marianne's Mother
Johnny Mack Brown as Jean Lery
Cesare Gravina as Gigi
Paulette Duval as Paulette
Jean De Briac as Stage Director

Existing reel
Only one reel from the film is known to exist. It runs nine minutes and was discovered in 1993 at the Gosfilmofond, a film archive in Moscow. This film fragment has been released on DVD with a collection of Garbo films and has been broadcast on Turner Classic Movies. Its Russian intertitles have been translated into English. In this section of the film, Marianne is seen living in Paris in modest rooms. After a playful interchange with the landlady Mme. Pigionier, Marianne is joined by Lucien. The two lovers share a few poignant minutes together as the time approaches for him to return to the army.

See also
List of incomplete or partially lost films

References

External links

portrait of Garbo and Lowell Sherman from the film(archived)

1928 films
American silent feature films
Films directed by Victor Sjöström
Lost American romantic drama films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
American black-and-white films
1928 lost films
1928 romantic drama films
1920s American films
Silent American romantic drama films


Ernest Clark (1912–1994) was a British actor of stage, television and film.

Ernest Clark may also refer to:
Ernest Clark (governor) (1864–1951), British civil servant and Governor of Tasmania, 1933–1945
Ernie Clark (American football) (born 1937), American football player
Ernest Clark (athlete) (1898–1993), British track and field athlete
Ernie Clark (cinematographer), Australian cinematographer
Ernest Ellis Clark (1869–1932), Derby born artist for Crown Derby porcelain


The House at 47 Sargent Street in Newton, Massachusetts, is one of the city's finest Stick style houses.  The -story wood-frame house was built in 1879.  It has irregular, asymmetrical massing, with a gables with a variety of shapes and decorations adding complexity to its roof line.  Patterned shingles are used to vary the wall decoration, and Stick style decoration is liberally applied.  The main entrance, flanked by leaded sidelight windows, is set under a porch with patterned red and gray slate roof, and a projecting gabled section.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Queen Anne architecture in Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1879


CVZ may refer to
 Continuous Viewing Zone (Hubble Space Telescope; US NASA),
 Central Volcanic Zone (geology; see Andean Volcanic Belt).


This is a list of people from Kingston upon Hull in the north-east of England with a Wikipedia page. Groups and sub-groups are in alphabetical order; persons likewise.

Arts and humanities

Architecture
George Frederick Bodley
Cuthbert Brodrick
Alfred Gelder, architect and five-times mayor of Hull

Education
James Evans, Hull-born missionary and amateur linguist; best remembered for his creation of the "syllabic" writing system for Ojibwe and Cree, later adapted to other languages such as Inuktitut
Margaret Kissling, missionary to Sierra Leone and New Zealand
Joseph Malet Lambert (1853–1931), author, Canon of York, Chairman of Hull University Board, educationalist, social reformer

Entertainment
John Alderton, actor, grew up in Hull and attended Kingston High School
Lucy Beaumont (Hull born) award-winning stand-up comedian and comedy writer starred at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 2012 and wrote the Radio 4 comedy To Hull & Back, starring herself and Maureen Lipman.
Joseph Caley, ballet dancer, currently lead principal with the English National Ballet and formerly principal with Birmingham Royal Ballet
Ian Carmichael, actor, born in Hull
Sir Tom Courtenay, actor, star of stage, film and TV; graduate of RADA and honorary graduate of the University of Hull
Robert Crampton, Times journalist, grew up in Hull
Liam Garrigan, former student of Wyke College and Northern Theatre Company, star of TV dramas Casualty, The Chase and Agatha Christie's Marple, was born and raised in Hull.
Liam Gerrard, BAFTA nominated film, TV and theatre actor was born and raised in Hull.  Films include Peterloo, Death Defying Acts and Walter Tull: Britain's First Black Officer
Amy Gledhill Hull born comedian and actress, nominated for Best Show at the UK National Comedy Awards and Best Show and Best Newcomer at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. One half of comedian duo, The Delightful Sausage.
Gareth Hale, half of the comedy duo Hale and Pace, was born in Hull.
Vanessa Hooper, former dancer with the Royal Ballet and Northern Ballet Theatre, now a senior examiner, lecturer and committee member of the IDTA
Michael Jibson, actor, grew up in Hessle and attended Hessle High School; originated the role of Joe Casey in the West End Musical Our House; has worked in film, TV and theatre; films include The Bank Job and Les Misérables
Andrew Lincoln, actor, spent some time growing up in Hull
Maureen Lipman, film, theatre and television actress, columnist, and comedian
Derren Litten, actor, writer, Benidorm
Dorothy Mackaill, motion picture actress
Peter Martin, best known for playing Joe Carroll in The Royle Family and Len Reynolds in ITV's Emmerdale
Jordan Metcalfe, actor, known as Adil the Genie in Nickelodeon's Genie in the House and Brian in Misfits
Liam Mower, dancer and actor, famous for originating the title role in Billy Elliot the Musical and being the youngest person ever to win an Olivier Award for Best Actor for the role
Andy Newton-Lee, actor
Roy North, actor and TV presenter best known for his appearances as Mr Roy in 1970s children's show Basil Brush
Gemma Oaten (born 8 May 1984 in Hull) actress who has starred in Doctors and who is best known as Rachel Breckle in Emmerdale from July 2011 until 2015. Appeared on Celebrity Dinner Date in 2016.
Paul Popplewell, film, TV and theatre award-winning actor, attended school in Hull.
Barrie Rutter (b. 1946), actor, director, and founder of Northern Broadsides
Gavin Scott, novelist, broadcaster and film/TV writer best known for writing Small Soldiers, The Borrowers and The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles
Reece Shearsmith, actor and writer, famous as a member of The League of Gentlemen
Debra Stephenson, actress, comedian and impressionist born in Hull, star of TV dramas Bad Girls and Coronation Street
Oliver Stokes, actor who plays Michael Garvey in Benidorm
Isy Suttie, stand up comedian, writer, and actress; born in Hull; known for the role of Dobby in the British sitcom Peep Show
Gerald Thomas, director of the Carry On films
Norman Collier, comedian, best known for his 'faulty microphone' routine and for his chicken impressions was born and raised in Hull

Literature
Richard Bean, playwright
Emma Scarr Booth, 19th-century writer
John Godber, playwright; Artistic Director of the Hull Truck Theatre Company, 1984–2011
Martin Goodman, writer
Philip Larkin, Coventry-born poet, lived in Hull for most of his life as resident librarian at Hull University
Ted Lewis, author of Jack's Return Home, later filmed as Get Carter, attended Hull School of Art
Andrew Marvell, 17th-century metaphysical poet
William Mayne, children's writer
Sir Andrew Motion, Poet Laureate, taught English at the University of Hull (1976–1980)
Alan Plater, playwright and screenwriter, worked extensively in British television from the 1960s to the 2000s; moved to Hull as a child
Stevie Smith, poet and novelist best known for her poem  "Not Waving but Drowning"
Amy Catherine Walton, children's writer
Stanley Wells, Shakespeare scholar

Music
Trevor Bolder, bass player for David Bowie, The Spiders From Mars, Uriah Heep, and Wishbone Ash.
Patricia Bredin, singer; UK's first entry to Eurovision Song Contest in 1957 with "All"; starred in a number of films in the 1950s and 1960s.
Norman Cook (also known as Fatboy Slim), moved to Hull in the 1980s and became a member of indie pop band The Housemartins.
Dave Hemingway, born and raised in Hull, drummer with the Housemartins and went on to form The Beautiful South with Paul Heaton.
John Bacchus Dykes, 19th-century hymnist, composer of the popular maritime hymn "Eternal Father, Strong to Save"
Everything but the Girl, band formed by Tracey Thorn and Ben Watt whilst they were students at Hull University.
Roland Gift, lead singer of Fine Young Cannibals, grew up in the city and attended Kelvin Hall Secondary School
Paul Heaton, musician in The Beautiful South
Jonathan Dowsland, professor of Computer Science, Information Technology who acquired a degree in music. He has developed the – "Jonathan Downsland Timer App" app
Ronnie Hilton, British crooner whose chart hits included the UK number one hit "No Other Love"
Alfred Hollins, composer and international concert organist, born in Hull in 1865.
Rob Hubbard, composer, known for computer game theme music, especially for 1980s microcomputers such as the Commodore 64, which showcased the potential of the Commodore 64's sound hardware and gave examples of how music can improve a gaming experience.
Richard Justice (died 1757), composer, harpsichordist, and organist
Kingmaker, Indie band formed by three Hull-born musicians including John Andrew, had UK Top 40 singles in the late 1980s and the early 1990s, but split in 1995.
Joe Longthorne, singer known for impersonating Shirley Bassey
Lene Lovich, US-born pupil at Greatfield High School, found fame on the Stiff Label in the late 1970s, with a No. 3 hit with "Lucky Number"
The Paddingtons, Indie band from Hull which had two UK Top 40 singles in 2005: "Panic Attack" (No. 25) and "50 To The Pound" (No. 32).
Henry Priestman, record producer and singer/songwriter for the 1980s hit band The Christians.
Mick Ronson, guitarist, known for work with David Bowie, hailed from Hull.
Spacemaid, britpop group, formed in 1992
Cosey Fanni Tutti, founding member of industrial band Throbbing Gristle, formed the performance art group COUM Transmissions in Hull with Genesis P-Orridge, while attending the university from 1969–1971. It changed its name to Throbbing Gristle in 1976 after moving to London.
Gay-Yee Westerhoff, Hull-born Chinese/English cellist of the all-female string quartet Bond
David Whitfield, 1950s male tenor vocalist, the UK's most successful male singer in the US in the pre-rock years, still one of only six artists to spend ten or more consecutive weeks at No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart
Calum Scott, Hull-born singer known for a Britain's Got Talent appearance and a cover of Robyn's Dancing On My Own that reached No. 2 on the UK Singles Chart
Scarlet, 1990s female duo of Cheryl Parker and Jo Youle, formed in Hull, with UK hits in 1995 with "Independent Love Song" (No. 12) and with "I Wanna Be Free To Be With Him" (No. 21). "Love Hangover" and "Bad Girl" both peaked at No. 54. They released two albums, Naked and Chemistry.

Visual arts
Henry Dawson, 19th-century landscape painter, born in Hull
John Ward, early 19th-century painter of marine seascapes

Politics
William de la Pole (Chief Baron of the Exchequer) (d. 1386), first Mayor of the city
His son Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk (c. 1330 – 5 September 1389)
Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet (c. July 1589 – 3 January 1645), Governor of the city who denied Charles I entry in 1642
Andrew Marvell (31 March 1621 – 16 August 1678), poet, MP for the city, and friend of John Milton
John Ducker (1932–2005), member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly; president of the New South Wales branch of the Australian Labor Party, 1972–1979
Thomas Ferens (1847–1930), politician, philanthropist, and industrialist; MP for Hull East for 13 years; served the city as a justice of the peace and as High Steward
John Hall, former Prime Minister of New Zealand
John Prescott, Welsh-born former Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007); MP and resident of Hull East since 1970; however, he was born in Wales and identifies as Welsh.
Harry Pursey, politician and MP for Hull East 1945–1970
William Wilberforce, instrumental in the abolition of slavery

Science and scholarship

Chemistry
George William Gray, Hull University professor who first discovered cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals (which had correct stability and temperature properties for application in liquid crystal display technology
George S. Whitby (1887–1972) was the head of the University of Akron rubber laboratory and for many years was the only person in the United States who taught rubber chemistry.

Computer science
Rob Miles, Microsoft MVP

Geology
Alfred Harker, petrologist

History
A. G. Dickens, historian of the English Reformation
Alex J. Kay (born 1979), historian
Philip Sugden (1947–2014), historian

Mathematics
Ernest William Brown, mathematician and astronomer
Keith Devlin, mathematician and popular science writer
John Venn, mathematician, born in Hull in 1834; responsible for the Venn diagram

Physics
Edward Arthur Milne, astrophysicist and mathematician.

Physiology and medicine
Stephen C. West, biochemist and molecular biologist.

Sports
Harry Bardle, professional rugby league footballer
Nick Barmby, former Hull City A.F.C. winger and manager
Luke Campbell, Olympic champion who earned a gold medal in boxing at the London 2012 Summer Olympics
Tommy Coyle (born 1989), challenger for British super-lightweight title and Commonwealth lightweight title holder
Stanley Gene, rugby league player (retired 2008) who has made East Hull his home for many years
Tony Green, sports commentator and television presenter
Lewis Harris, rugby league player
Jack Harrison, rugby league footballer and posthumous Victoria Cross recipient
Willie Intin, cricketer
Damian Johnson, BBC Sports broadcaster and journalist
Philip Kedward, cricketer
Julia Lee, first female rugby league referee
Ebenezer Cobb Morley (1831–1924), sportsman regarded as the "father" of The Football Association and modern Association football
Katie O'Brien, born in Beverley, 5 miles (8 km) from Hull, tennis player,
Clive Sullivan, rugby league player, played for both of Hull's rugby league teams. The main road into Hull from the Humber Bridge is named Clive Sullivan Way after him.
Carol Thomas, former England Women’s Football Captain
Dean Windass, had two spells with Hull City and scored the goal that helped the club to promotion to the top flight of English football for the first time in its history.

Other
Henry Wolsey Bayfield, British naval officer and surveyor who charted thousands of Canadian Islands. Bayfield, Wisconsin, is named after him.
Lillian Bilocca, British fisheries worker and campaigner for improved safety in fishing fleet as leader of the "headscarf revolutionaries"
Sarah Cruddas International Space Journalist, Author and TV Host on Discovery Channel
Ronald Dearing, Baron Dearing, senior civil servant; Chairman and Chief Executive of the Post Office Ltd
"Gassy Jack" John Deighton, founder of Gastown, precursor to modern-day Vancouver, BC, Canada
Michelle Dewberry, winner of the second British series of reality TV show The Apprentice business woman and Sky News presenter
Sir John Ellerman, shipping tycoon of Ellerman Lines fame; reputedly the richest man in Britain during his lifetime
John Fearn, whaler and first European to visit Nauru.
Joseph James Forrester, businessman
James Hall (unknown, Hull – 1612, Greenland), explorer in the service of the Danish King
Amy Johnson, aviator; born on St Georges Road in West Hull, attended Kingston High School
Zachariah Pearson (1821–1891), shipowner, today known for his gift of land to Hull, which was used to establish the City's first public park, later known as Pearson Park
Jim Radford (born 1928), folk singer, shantyman, peace campaigner, former housing activist, youngest known participant in the Allied invasion of Normandy in 1944
J. Arthur Rank, 1st Baron Rank (1888–1972), industrialist and film producer; founder of the Rank Organisation, now known as The Rank Group Plc
Joseph Rank (1854–1943), founder of Rank Hovis McDougall, one of the UK's largest flour-milling businesses
Sir Harold Reckitt, 2nd Baronet (1868–1930)
Sir James Reckitt, 1st Baronet (1833–1924)
Yasmina Siadatan, winner of the fifth British series of reality TV show The Apprentice
Henry Brarens Sloman (1848–1931), English-German entrepreneur who emigrated first to Hamburg, Germany, and then to Chile, where he established a saltpetre business. He was listed as Hamburg's richest man in 1912.
William Traynor, recipient of the Victoria Cross
Dave Ulliott (also known as Devilfish), Hall of Fame poker player and World Series of Poker bracelet-winner.

See also
Alumni of the University of Hull

References

Kingston upon Hull
People


The House at 511 Watertown Street in Newton, Massachusetts is one of the city's finer Colonial Revival houses completed in 1897. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 and is on the border of two of Newton's older villages: Newtonville and Nonantum.

History

Completed in 1897, the -story wood-frame house confines to a rectilinear shape and features a symmetrical arrangement of large two-story front bow windows, modillion cornices, and large bell cast dormers in its truncated hip roof with fully pedimented gables, boxy massing.  This home has more elaborate classical detailing than other nearby examples including enriched moldings, ionic corner pilasters, and a Palladian motif in the front dormer. The front entrance occupied a center position and is sheltered by a flat-roof porch supported by grouped columns.

The first owner, Morgan Mahoney, was a Nonantum grocer who immigrated to the US from Ireland in the mid-1800s and originally worked in the textile industries of Nonantum.  Morgan lived there with his family until November 1920. A building permit from 1922 recorded the building of the multi-car garage on the property by Margaret Mahoney.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. Kathlyn Hatch and the Newton Historical Commission recorded this submission in 1976.  Kathlyn Hatch was an architectural educator and author who taught historic preservation and architectural history at multiple universities including Boston University, University of North Carolina, University of Vermont, University of Florida, and State University of New York.  Kathlyn was a consultant to the book titled "Newton's 19th Century Architecture: Newton Corner and Nonantum" which details the history of Newton's architectural heritage by identifying and studying structures in the two of Newton's older villages.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts
 Newtonville Historic District
 Colonial Revival architecture

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Colonial Revival architecture in Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1897


NVZ may refer to

Nitrate vulnerable zone, a conservation designation in the United Kingdom
Non-volley zone in the game of Pickleball
Northern Volcanic Zone, a zone of the Andes extending from Colombia to Ecuador
North Volcanic Zone, one of the volcanic zones of Iceland


House at 60 William Street is a historic house at 19 Jefferson Street in the Newton Corner village of Newton, Massachusetts.  It is listed at 60 William Street in Massachusetts cultural inventory and National Register listings.  Built in 1850, it is a well-preserved example of a modest Italianate wood-frame house.  It is a -story wood-frame building, with an L-shaped layout that has a three-story tower at the crook of the L.  Italianate styling includes the tower's shallow-pitch hip roof, and paired round-arch windows on its top level.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Italianate architecture in Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1850


The Tea Gardens-Hawks Nest Bridge is a road bridge that carries Myall Street across the Myall River, connecting the towns of Tea Gardens and Hawks Nest on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia.

The concrete box girder bridge is commonly known as the Singing Bridge, derived from the musical sounds its railings generate during strong winds acting as a wind harp.

History
About 1928, a ferry service started carrying passengers between the two townships across the Myall River. Later, cars were added, resulting in peak queues during holiday periods of up to six hours. The Tea Gardens-Hawks Nest Bridge was completed and opened by the New South Wales Minister for Public Works on 6 April 1974.  In response to this demand a 1.2 million bridge was placed immediately downstream, eliminating the ferry service.

Description
The bridge is of girder construction, made of both prestressed and reinforced concrete. It is  long, with seven  and two  spans. It carries a two-lane road  wide and two pedestrian walkways  wide. Clearance is  at high water.

The Jean Shaw Koala Reserve is located at its northeastern end, part of a wildlife corridor to the Myall Lakes. Koalas have been known to cross the bridge at night.

References

External links

Box girder bridges
Bridges completed in 1974
Concrete bridges in Australia
Mid-Coast Council
Road bridges in New South Wales
1974 establishments in Australia


Arthur Acheson Williams (1848–?) was the second Bishop of Tinnevelly in the last decades of the 19th century and the first two of the 20th.

He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and ordained in 1870. He was then held curacies at Bromley and St John the Evangelist, Penge. Emigrating to India  he became Chaplain of St George’s Cathedral, Madras and then the incumbent at Vellore. His last post before appointment to the episcopate was as Archdeacon of Madras.

References

1848 births
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Anglican archdeacons in India
20th-century Anglican bishops in India
Anglican bishops of Tinnevelly
1914 deaths


Events in the year 1915 in Norway.

Incumbents
Monarch – Haakon VII

Events
 20 May - The Bastøy Boys' Home Insurrection.
 21 October - The 1915 Parliamentary election takes place.
 The present Lindesnes Lighthouse was built.

Popular culture

Sports

Music

Film

Literature
 The Knut Hamsund novel Segelfoss By Volume 1 & 2 (Segelfoss Town), was published.
 The Olav Duun novel Harald was published.

Notable births

16 January – Aase Bjerkholt, politician (died 2012)
19 January – Håkon Kyllingmark, politician and minister (died 2003)
25 January – Sverre L. Mo, politician (died 2002)
31 January – Andreas Zeier Cappelen, politician (died 2008).
3 February – Henki Kolstad, actor (died 2008).
14 February – Idar Norstrand, civil servant and politician (died 1986)
8 March – Odd Hilt, sculptor (died 1986).
9 March – Kåre Grøndahl Hagem, politician (died 2008)
13 March – Eva Scheer, journalist, literary critic, translator and author (died 1999).
22 March – Erling Asbjørn Kongshaug, rifle shooter, Olympic gold medallist and multiple World Champion (died 1993)
28 March – Odd Vigestad, politician (died 1999)
31 March – Bergfrid Fjose, politician and minister (died 2004)
21 April – Oddmund Myklebust, politician and minister (died 1972)
8 May – Arvid Fladmoe, composer and conductor (died 1993)
10 May – Kristian Lien, politician (died 1996)
12 May – Olav Askvik, politician (died 2011)
15 May – Jens Christian Hauge, resistance member and politician (died 2006)
5 June – John Engh, architect (died 1996)
5 June – Hilmar Myhra, ski jumper (died 2013)
8 June – Knut Haus, politician (died 2006)
23 June – Jens Bolling, actor and theatre director (died 1992)
1 July – Rolf Hauge, army officer (died 1989)
2 July – Georg Krog, speed skater and Olympic silver medallist (died 1991)
9 July – Arvid Storsveen, intelligence officer (died 1943)
23 July – Olai Ingemar Eikeland, politician (died 2003)
15 August – Per Sonerud, politician (died 1993)
16 August – Odd Lien, newspaper editor and politician (died 2002)
19 August – Erling Kaas, pole vaulter (died 1996)
29 August – Einar Tufte-Johnsen, aviation officer (d. 1985).
3 September – Knut Nystedt, composer (died 2014)
24 September – Knut Schmidt-Nielsen, comparative physiologist (died 2007)
30 September – Wilhelm Bøe, organizational leader (died 1980).
17 October – Alfred Hauge, novelist, poet and historian (died 1986)
22 October – Per Karstensen, politician (died 2010)
6 November – Olav Berkaak, novelist (died 1980).
11 November – Carl Fredrik Engelstad, writer, playwright, journalist, translator and theatre director (died 1996)
29 November – Erik Stai, high jumper (died 2004)
9 December – Arnt Eliassen, meteorologist (died 2000)
13 December – Magne Skodvin, historian (died 2004)
15 December – Odd Aukrust, economist (died 2008).
31 December – Olaf Knudson, politician (died 1996)

Full date missing
Alf-Jørgen Aas, painter (died 1981)
Astrid Hjertenæs Andersen, poet and travel writer (died 1985)
Johan Hambro, journalist (died 1993)
Rein Henriksen, lawyer and industrialist (died 1994)
Johan Berthin Holte, businessperson (died 2002)
Agnar Mykle, author (died 1994)
Rasmus Nordbø, politician and minister (died 1983)

Notable deaths
29 January – Ole Andres Olsen, Seventh-day Adventist minister and administrator (born 1845)
15 April – Christian Andreas Irgens, politician (born 1833)
28 April – Vilhelmine Ullmann, proponent for women's rights (born 1816)
28 July – Christopher Knudsen, priest, politician and minister (born 1843)
12 August – Haakon Ditlev Lowzow, military officer, politician and minister (born 1854)

Full date unknown
Lars Holst, journalist, newspaper editor and politician (born 1848)
Knud Knudsen, photographer (born 1832)
Henrik Nissen, architect (born 1848)
Christian Wilhelm Engel Bredal Olssøn, politician and minister (born 1844)
Karl Ditlev Rygh, archaeologist and politician (born 1839)

See also

References

External links

Norway
Norway


The House at 729 Dedham Street is a historic house located at 729 Dedham Street in Newton, Massachusetts.

Description and history
The -story wood-frame house was built c. 1855, and is a rare local example of a Greek Revival cottage. It is five bays wide, with its roof line oriented side to side. Below the roof is a wide entablature, supported by corner pilasters. The front entry is flanked by half-length sidelight windows, with sash windows in the other four bays. It was built for Calvin Rand, about whom nothing is known, and was later occupied by a local schoolteacher.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 4, 1986.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1855
Greek Revival architecture in Massachusetts


Dante Maggio (2 March 1909 – 3 March 1992) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in 115 films between 1940 and 1975.

Born in Naples into a family of actors, Maggio had a turbulent adolescence that led his father to send him in an institute for problematic minors. He debuted on stage aged 18 years old. He worked on stage in several sceneggiate and with the companies of Anna Fougez and Raffaele Viviani before creating his own revue company.

Maggio was the brother of actors Enzo, Rosalia, Beniamino and Pupella Maggio.

Selected filmography

 The Palace on the River (1940)
 Un giorno nella vita (1946) - Carlo
 The Ways of Sin (1946) - La guardia carceraria (uncredited)
 The Great Dawn (1947)
 Last Love (1947) - Il partner di Maria
 Tombolo, paradiso nero (1947) - Agostino
 Le avventure di Pinocchio (1947) - Il Gendarme
 The Street Has Many Dreams (1948) - Emilio
 I contrabbandieri del mare (1948) - Paolino
 Il cavaliere misterioso (1948) - Gennaro, il servo di Casanova
 Guarany (1948) - Rossi
 The Firemen of Viggiù (1949) - Fireman from Naples
 The Wolf of the Sila (1949) - Gennaro
 Se fossi deputato (1949)
 Napoli eterna canzone (1949) - Giulio
 Botta e risposta (1950)
 Cavalcade of Heroes (1950) - Ciccillo
 No Peace Under the Olive Tree (1950) - Salvatore Capuano
 Side Street Story (1950) - Il rosticciere
 Father's Dilemma (1950) - Metropolitano che regola il trafico
 His Last Twelve Hours (1950) - Il calzolaio
 Feathers in the Wind (1950) - Gennaro
 47 morto che parla (1950) - Dante Cartoni, il partener de la canzonettista
 Variety Lights (1951) - Remo
 Beauties on Bicycles (1951) - Altro ladro
 Song of Spring (1951) - Gigetto
 Milano miliardaria (1951) - Peppino Avallone
 Trieste mia! (1951)
 Repentance (1952)
 Viva il cinema! (1952) - Ciccillo
 Tragic Return (1952) - Nicola
 The City Stands Trial (1952) - Armando Capezzuto
 In Olden Days (1952) - un testimone
 We're Dancing on the Rainbow (1952) - Gennaro
 Final Pardon (1952)
 Don Lorenzo (1952) - Beniamino
 Delitto al luna park (1952)
 Perdonami! (1953) - Michele
 Siamo ricchi e poveri (1953)
 Lasciateci in pace (1953)
 La pattuglia dell'Amba Alagi (1953) - Ciccillo
 Casta Diva (1954) - Il pazzariello
 The Captain of Venice (1954) - Papele Scaramuzza
 La città canora (1954) - Pasquale
 Il grande addio (1954)
 Napoli piange e ride (1954) - Ciccillo
 Goodbye Naples (1955) - Pasquale
 Il cantante misterioso (1955) - Gennaro
 Toto in Hell (1955) - Pacifico
 Carovana di canzoni (1955) - Lord Mister
 La rossa (1955) - Maggiolino - il barbiere
 The Song of the Heart (1955) - Carletto, il giardiniere
 Scapricciatiello (1955) - Gennarino - Barber
 Songs of Italy (1955)
 Incatenata dal destino (1956) - Chitarrista
 Canzone proibita (1956) - Dante
 Occhi senza luce (1956) - Dante
 Mamma sconosciuta (1956) - Dante
 Cantando sotto le stelle (1956)
 Arriva la zia d'America (1956) - Dante
 Sette canzoni per sette sorelle (1957) - Don Ciccillo
 La canzone del destino (1957)
 C'è un sentiero nel cielo (1957) - Gennaro Percuoco
 The Lady Doctor (1957) - Un cameriere
 La zia d'America va a sciare (1957) - Dante
 Buongiorno primo amore! (1957) - Zio Gaetano
 Non sono più Guaglione (1958) - Don Pasqualino - Vincenzino's employer
 Quando gli angeli piangono (1958)
 Captain Falcon (1958) - Civetta
 Sorrisi e canzoni (1958) - Gennarino
 Mia nonna poliziotto (1958) - Padre di Ileana
 Ferdinando I° re di Napoli (1959)
 David and Goliath (1960) - Cret
 Pesci d'oro e bikini d'argento (1961)
 Boccaccio '70 (1962) - Foreman (segment "Le tentazioni del dottor Antonio") (uncredited)
 Toto and Peppino Divided in Berlin (1962) - Un magliaro
 Twist, lolite e vitelloni (1962) - Leone Remigi
 Rififi in Tokyo (1963)
 Siamo tutti pomicioni (1963) - Napoli - the host in the nightclub (segment "Pomicioni di provincia")
 The Visit (1964) - Cadek
 Bullet in the Flesh (1964) - Cliente bar
 Tears on Your Face (1964)
 Saul e David (1964) - Abdon
 Revenge of The Gladiators (1964) - Ubriaco nella taverna
 For a Few Dollars More (1965) - carpenter in cell with El Indio
 30 Winchester per El Diablo (1965) - Billy - telegrapher
 3 colpi di Winchester per Ringo (1966) - Walcom Partner
 Un gangster venuto da Brooklyn (1966)
 Treasure Island (1966-1967, TV Mini-Series) - Bill Bones
 Treasure of San Gennaro (1966) - A Captain
 Ballad of a Gunman (1967) - Explosion / Esplotion / 'Knallfrosch'
 Wanted Johnny Texas (1967) - Sam More
 Operation St. Peter's (1967) - The Captain
 Comandamenti per un gangster (1968) - Old Man
 Caprice Italian Style (1968) - (segment "Mostro della domenica, Il")
 Anzio (1968) - Neapolitan street hawker (uncredited)
 May God Forgive You... But I Won't (1968) - Joe - Bartender
 Run, Man, Run (1968) - Mateos Gonzalez
 I 2 pompieri (1968) - Megatone
 Italiani! È severamente proibito servirsi della toilette durante le fermate (1969)
 A Sword for Brando (1970)
 Pray to Kill and Return Alive (1971) - Jonathan
 Black Killer (1971) - Judge Wilson
 Holy Water Joe (1971) - The Banker
 My Dear Killer (1972) - Mattia Guardapelle
 Trinità e Sartana figli di... (1972) - Bud Benny Bud
 Man Called Amen (1972) - Professor
 100 Fäuste und ein Vaterunser (1972) - The General
 Holy God, Here Comes the Passatore! (1973) - Prelato derubato
 Sentivano uno strano, eccitante, pericoloso puzzo di dollari (1973)
 Ci risiamo, vero Provvidenza? (1973) - Judge
 The Five Days (1973) - Old man in jail (uncredited)
 Oremus, Alleluia e Così Sia (1973)
 The Fighting Fist of Shanghai Joe (1973) - Doctor
 Long Lasting Days (1973) - 'Uncle' Giuseppe
 Di Tresette ce n'è uno, tutti gli altri son nessuno (1974) - Drakeman

References

External links

1909 births
1992 deaths
Italian male film actors
Male actors from Naples
20th-century Italian male actors
Male Spaghetti Western actors


The house at 81–83 Gardner Street is a historic house in the Newton Corner village of Newton, Massachusetts.  The -story duplex is remarkably well-preserved example of a vernacular worker's cottage, a style not often found in Newton but somewhat common in Newton Corner.  It has a side-gable roof and asymmetrically placed chimneys.  The house has a side (originally doubled) entry, and lacks any significant external architectural ornamentation.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1850


Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, commonly referred to by chemists as the Blue Book, is a collection of recommendations on organic chemical nomenclature published at irregular intervals by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). A full edition was published in 1979, an abridged and updated version of which was published in 1993 as A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds. Both of these are now out-of-print in their paper versions, but are available free of charge in electronic versions. After the release of a draft version for public comment in 2004 and the publication of several revised sections in the journal Pure and Applied Chemistry, a fully revised edition was published in print in 2013 and its online version is also available.

See also
Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (the Red Book)
Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry (the Green Book)
Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the Gold Book)
Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature (the Orange Book)
Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature (the Purple Book)
Compendium of Terminology and Nomenclature of Properties Clinical Laboratory Sciences (the Silver Book)
Biochemical Nomenclature (the White Book).

References

External links
http://library.lol/main/39EDE24F46553A23EF1A46F0B0B0315E
Searchable Internet version of the 1979 and 1993 recommendations
2004 draft recommendations (the proposed new version of the Blue Book)
IUPAC Nomenclature Books Series (commonly known as the "Colour Books")
Bibliography of translations
Official corrigendum to the 1993 recommendations

Chemical nomenclature
Chemistry reference works
1979 non-fiction books
1993 non-fiction books
2013 non-fiction books


Richard O'Donnell (born 1988) is an English footballer.

Richard O'Donnell may also refer to:
Richard O'Donnell (playwright) (born 1956), American playwright
Richard O'Donnell (American football) (1900–1947), American football player


The C. G. Howes Dry Cleaning—Carley Real Estate building is a historic commercial building at 1171 Washington Street in the West Newton village of Newton, Massachusetts.  The single story buff brick building was constructed in 1928, to a design by Boston architect William Drummey, to house the dry cleaning and fur storage business of C. G. Howes.  In 1937 the building was purchased by Doris Carley, founder of the Carley Realty Company, the first female-owned realty business in the city.  Ms. Carley was also one of the founders of the regional multiple listing service, and was active in the real estate business for fifty years.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.  It is listed on the register at 1173 Washington Street.

As of early 2020, the building was demolished.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Commercial buildings completed in 1928
Buildings and structures in Newton, Massachusetts
1928 establishments in Massachusetts


The Hyde Avenue Historic District is a residential historic district encompassing the stylistic range of houses being built in the Newton Corner area of Newton, Massachusetts in the 1880s.  It includes the five houses at 36, 42, 52, 59, and 62 Hyde Avenue,  The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Hyde Avenue is a residential side street on the south side of Newton Corner, connecting Centre Street and Sargent Street, with a ninety degree turn about one third of the way from Centre Street.  At the point of this turn is a slightly enlarged loop around a small grassy area.  Four of the five houses are on the east side of Hyde Avenue running south from this turn, while the fifth is at the southwest junction of Hyde Avenue and Garden Road, another minor residential street.  The houses at 36 and 52 Hyde Avenue are Queen Anne in their styling, and were built in 1880 and c. 1893, respectively.  The houses at 59 and 62 Hyde are Colonial Revival, and were built c. 1885 and c. 1897.  The fifth house, 42 Hyde, is a Shingle style house built in 1885.  The Hyde Avenue area was originally part of a  farm, which was subdivided and mostly sold off by George Hyde, a city assessor, selectman, and bank director.

The house at 36 Hyde, while somewhat boxy, has a wealth of Queen Anne styling, including an asymmetrically sited entry, decorative wood shingling, and spindled friezes on its porch.  42 Hyde, the only Shingle style house, has an arcaded wraparound porch and conical dormers.  The Colonial Revival house at 62 Hyde has a porch entry with clustered columns.

See also
 Hyde House (Newton, Massachusetts), George Hyde's family homestead
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Newton, Massachusetts
Historic districts in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Queen Anne architecture in Massachusetts
Colonial Revival architecture in Massachusetts
Shingle Style architecture in Massachusetts
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts


The Middle Street Synagogue is a synagogue in the centre of Brighton, part of the English city of Brighton and Hove.  It was the centre for Jewish worship in Brighton and Hove for more than a century. Although it is not in full-time use, the building is still open at certain times, and cultural events frequently take place, as do weddings.  It has been listed at Grade II*, reflecting its architectural and historic importance.

History
A Jewish community existed in the Brighton area for nearly a century before Middle Street synagogue was built in 1874.  A Bavarian settler, Emanuel Hyam Cohen, established a Jewish school on the seafront in the 1780s and a place of worship between 1789 and 1792.  The latter moved from Jew Street (off Bond Street) to West Street in 1808, but there is no record of the nature of the buildings; meetings may in fact have taken place in private houses.  The Brighton Regency Synagogue was built in 1823 on land leased from a hotel, and enlarged by David Mocatta (architect of Brighton railway station, and member of the prominent Jewish Mocatta family) in 1836.  It was used until the new synagogue was opened in Middle Street in 1875.  Situated on Devonshire Place, the stuccoed building in the Classical style still stands; an inscription on the outside, including the Hebrew calendar year of opening (5598), can still be seen on the entablature, but it is now in commercial use.  The Chanukah menorah at the Middle Synagogue was brought from the Brighton Regency Synagogue.

Chief Rabbi Nathan Marcus Adler attended the start of construction work in Middle Street on 19 November 1874.  The architect, Thomas Lainson, had been responsible for many buildings in Hove, including a Congregational church and the residential development on the Wick Farm estate, and also the Bristol Road Methodist Church in Kemptown.  After ten months of work at a cost of £12,000 (equivalent to £ in ), the dedication ceremony took place on 23 September 1875 and the synagogue was opened.  Its capacity of 300 was six times higher than that of its predecessor.

The Sassoon family, a wealthy Jewish dynasty with links to Brighton and Hove, funded various expansions and improvements over the next few decades, especially in respect of the internal fittings, which are very elaborate for a synagogue.  Electric lighting was installed in 1892, making it the first electrically lit synagogue in Britain.  Although the Jewish community in the city numbered 4,000 by 2004, the Middle Street synagogue fell out of regular use at that time, although it is still opened regularly for educational and architectural tours of the interior, especially during the annual Brighton Festival.  Urgent structural repairs, including a new roof, were required by that time.  A combination of fundraising concerts, auctions and a grant of several hundred thousand pounds from the government agency English Heritage enabled restoration work to take place.

Middle Street Synagogue was listed at Grade II* by English Heritage on 20 August 1971.  This status is given to "particularly important buildings of more than special interest".  In February 2001, it was one of 70 Grade II*-listed buildings and structures in the city of Brighton and Hove.  It was also licensed for worship in accordance with the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855 and had the registration number 30824.

Architecture

The synagogue has been described as Brighton's second most important historic building, behind the Royal Pavilion.

The exterior, which was executed in pale Sussex brick by the builders George Cheesman and son, is  in an eclectic blend of Italian Renaissance and Neo-Byzantine Revival styles.  The west-facing elevation to Middle Street uses yellow bricks in an English bond pattern, while the other walls are of brown brick.  The arched windows are surmounted by contrasting red and blue tiles, and are flanked by red coloured columns.  There is a large rose window in the west-facing frontage.  The façade consists of five bays, alternately projecting and recessed; on the ground floor the layout of windows (protected since the 1960s with translucent safety panels) is two in each end bay and one each in the two recessed bays, with the wooden entrance door on the centre bay (between two pink columns with ornamented capitals).  On the first floor, the eight windows are arranged in pairs on the three projecting bays, with one in each of the recesses.

Sharman Kadish remarks that "Nothing prepares the visitor for the sumptuousness of Middle Street's interior."  There are ladies' galleries on three sides, held up by cast-iron columns decorated with imitation marble-effect paintwork with gilded metalwork capitals depicting plants, fruit, flowers and crops from the Middle East region.    Thomas Lainson's design for the interior followed the Neo-Byzantine Revival style, .  The building takes the form of a basilica.  There are ladies' galleries on three sides, held up by cast-iron columns decorated with imitation marble-effect paintwork.   the capitals are fashioned of hammered copper and iron, each one is individually worked to show a different one of the species of   plants, fruit, flowers and crops from the Land of Israel.

The particularly decorative and ornate interior, funded by the generosity of the Sassoon family and visitors from outside Brighton, was built mostly of iron, but the surfaces that meet the eye are lavishly stenciled, gilded, or made of brass, marble, and mosaics.  The Torah Ark sits on a marble-stepped dais in the centre of the apse, below an arch supported by elaborate columns.    It is top-lit via a stained glass half-dome.  The surrounding rails, menorah and pulpit are all brass.  There is late-19th century stained glass in all of the windows, much of it by Campbell & Smith.

See also
 Grade II* listed buildings in Brighton and Hove
 List of places of worship in Brighton and Hove

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Brighton & Hove Hebrew Congregation on Jewish Communities and Records – UK (hosted by jewishgen.org).
 Video About Middle Street
 Facebook Page & Events at Middle Street Synagogue

1874 establishments in England
Grade II* listed buildings in Brighton and Hove
Synagogues completed in 1875
Synagogues in Brighton and Hove


The Hyde House is a historic house located at 27 George Street in Newton, Massachusetts.

Description and history
It is a -story Greek Revival house, with a sidehall plan and a columned porch that wraps around two sides of the house. The oldest portion of the house is believed to date to 1709, when an even older structure burned and was immediately rebuilt (suggesting that the house may have even older timbers). The house was thereafter added to numerous times, and was moved from its original location on Centre Street to this location in 1909. The area where it stands was held in the Hyde family for eight generations, until George Hyde sold the remaining farmlands for development in the late 19th century.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places September 4, 1986.

See also
 Hyde Avenue Historic District, built on lands George Hyde sold off
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1709
Greek Revival architecture in Massachusetts


The Eleazer Hyde House is a historic house located at 401 Woodward Street in Newton, Massachusetts.

Description and history
The two story timber-frame house was built c. 1770, and is one of the city's few surviving high style Late Georgian houses. This house was probably built by Eleazer Hyde, Jr., son of one of Newton's early settlers. Its entry is framed by pilasters and topped by a gable pediment. Its lower windows are topped by crown moulding, while its upper windows butt up to the roof cornice. The building was enlarged twice in the later years of the 19th century, but retained its Georgian style.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 4, 1986.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

External links
 MACRIS Listing - Eleazer Hyde House

Houses completed in 1770
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Georgian architecture in Massachusetts
1770 establishments in the Province of Massachusetts Bay


Clinton "Santy" Runyon (July 4, 1907 – April 4, 2003) was an American saxophonist and flautist as well as a designer and manufacturer of mouthpieces for woodwind instruments.

Runyon's career included, among other things, playing at Al Capone's speakeasy club, The Coliseum, and giving lessons to many musicians, including the likes of Charlie Parker.  Runyon went on to become a significant force in the mouthpiece manufacturing industry.

Early career
Runyon began as a "trap" drummer in the pit of his father's movie house. He would play percussion and supply sound effects for the silent films. He also learned to play the marimba and the vibes and eventually found the instruments that would be the passion of his life: the woodwinds.

Runyon studied music at Oklahoma A&M and the University of Missouri before hitting the road as a traveling musician. He played saxophone with the Benny Maroff, Johnny Green and Henry Busse bands. As a member of the Busse group, at age 25, Runyon created the jazz shuffle beat showcased in Busse's hit recording "Hot Lips".

In 1933, Runyon began an 11-year stint as lead flute player with the Chicago Theater Orchestra. and on Saturday nights, he played The Coliseum, a speakeasy owned by the infamous gangland legend, "Scarface" Al Capone. At the Chicago Theater, he worked with Bob Hope, Bing Crosby, Edgar Bergen, Betty Grable and other show business notables. He even did a running comedy bit with Jack Benny. Between radio, clubs, and the theater, Runyon weathered the Great Depression pretty well, earning $150 a week while many men were taking home $8 or $9 a week.

Teaching
Santy Runyon and Frank Anglund, lead trumpet with the Chicago Theater Orchestra, opened the Runyon Studio. It became an important institution in propagating recent advances in saxophone technique and served as something of a "finishing school" for professional musicians.  Through its doors passed such jazz legends as Charlie "Bird" Parker, Paul Desmond, Harry Carney, Lee Konitz, and Sonny Stitt. Runyon had students in most of the big bands of the era, including those of Benny Goodman, Count Basie, Cab Calloway, and Duke Ellington. When Lawrence Welk began his long-running television show, five of his saxophone players were Runyon alumni.

Mouthpiece and instrument designer and builder
In 1941 Runyon sold his first mouthpiece, a variation of a 1918 curved device he had fabricated with chewing gum. He made a metal saxophone mouthpiece for an Army band member, which resulted in an order for thousands of mouthpieces. A manufacturer refused the order and he began manufacturing mouthpieces in Chicago.  Runyon's metal mouthpiece was sought for its exceptional dynamic range and projection, suitable for playing in big show bands.    In the 1940s he was a consultant for the C G Conn company as they sought to build a more modern alto saxophone, released as the 28M "Connstellation" in 1948.  Concurrently, he developed and produced the Conn Comet plastic mouthpiece to go with the 28M, and later produced the design under his own name as the Model 88.  He was an early collaborator with Arnold Brilhart, a pioneer in manufacture of molded plastic mouthpieces.  Not content with the acrylic and ABS plastics and hard rubber stock commonly in use for non-metallic pieces, he optimized an acrylic/synthetic rubber blend for resilience, shape stability, and durability.  After 1966 Runyon produced the Brilhart line of mouthpieces under contract to the H&A Selmer Company, who had acquired rights to the brand.  He also continued to develop and produce mouthpieces for saxophone players who wanted something suitable for playing alongside loud, amplified instruments. From this period came the Runyon Custom model mouthpiece, available with a removable "spoiler," or baffle, that altered tonal and dynamic characteristics, the Quantum, and the Bionix, engineered for ease of playing in the altissimo register. During this period he pioneered the use of Delrin which, due to its high rigidity and machinability, is suitable for dimensional copies of metal mouthpieces (XL and Quantum). Runyon moved to Beaumont, Texas in 1960 and to Lafayette, Louisiana in 1970, opening a manufacturing facility on Lewisburg Road in Opelousas.  Starting in 1999, Jody Espina collaborated with Runyon and his production staff to develop the mouthpiece designs and prototypes that would launch the Jody Jazz line of high-end mouthpieces.  After Santy's death in 2003, the Runyon Products Company continued to operate as a family-owned business until it shut down in the late 2010s (around 2019).

References

1907 births
2003 deaths
American male saxophonists
Musicians from Louisiana
American music educators
Writers from Louisiana
20th-century American saxophonists
20th-century American inventors
20th-century American male musicians