Invictus is a 2009 biographical sports film directed by Clint Eastwood and starring Morgan Freeman and Matt Damon, making it the third collaboration between Eastwood and Freeman after Unforgiven (1992) and Million Dollar Baby (2004). The story is based on the 2008 John Carlin book Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation about the events in South Africa before and during the 1995 Rugby World Cup. The Springboks were not expected to perform well, the team having only recently returned to high-level international competition following the dismantling of apartheid—the country was hosting the World Cup, thus earning an automatic entry. Freeman portrays South African President Nelson Mandela while Damon played François Pienaar, the captain of the Springboks, the South Africa rugby union team.

Invictus was released in the United States on 11 December 2009. The title refers to the Roman divine epithet Invictus and may be translated from the Latin as "undefeated" or "unconquered". "Invictus" is also the title of a poem, referred to in the film, by British poet William Ernest Henley (1849–1903). The film was met with positive critical reviews and earned Academy Award nominations for Freeman (Best Actor) and Damon (Best Supporting Actor). The film grossed $122.2 million on a budget of $50–60 million.

Plot
On 11 February 1990, Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster Prison after having spent 27 years in captivity. Four years later, Mandela is elected the first black President of South Africa. His presidency faces enormous challenges in the post-Apartheid era, including rampant poverty and crime, and Mandela is particularly concerned about racial divisions between black and white South Africans, which would lead to violence. The ill will which both groups hold towards each other is seen even in his own security detail where relations between the established white officers, who had guarded Mandela's predecessors, and the black ANC additions to the security detail, are frosty and marked by mutual distrust.

While attending a game between the Springboks, the country's rugby union team, and England, Mandela recognises that some black people in the stadium are cheering for England, and not their own country, as the mostly-white Springboks represent prejudice and apartheid in their minds; he remarks that he did the same while imprisoned on Robben Island. Knowing that South Africa is set to host the 1995 Rugby World Cup in one year's time, Mandela persuades a meeting of the newly black-dominated South African Sports Committee to support the Springboks. He then meets with the captain of the Springboks rugby team, François Pienaar (Matt Damon), and implies that a Springboks victory in the World Cup will unite and inspire the nation. Mandela also shares with François a British poem, "Invictus", that had inspired him during his time in prison.

François and his teammates train. Many South Africans, both black and white, doubt that rugby will unite a nation torn apart by nearly 50 years of racial tensions, as for many black people, especially the radicals, the Springboks symbolise white supremacy. Both Mandela and Pienaar, however, stand firmly behind their theory that the game can successfully unite the South African country.

Things begin to change as the players interact with the fans and begin a friendship with them. During the opening games, support for the Springboks begins to grow among the black population. By the second game, the whole country comes together to support the Springboks and Mandela's efforts. Mandela's security team also grows closer as the racially diverse officers come to respect their comrades' professionalism and dedication.

As Mandela watches, the Springboks defeat one of their arch-rivals—Australia, the defending champions and known as the Wallabies—in their opening match. They then continue to defy all expectations and, as Mandela conducts trade negotiations in Taiwan, defeat France in heavy rain to advance to the final against their other arch-rival: New Zealand, known as the All Blacks. New Zealand and South Africa were universally regarded as the two greatest rugby nations, with the Springboks then the only side to have a winning record (20–19–2) against the All Blacks, since their first meeting in 1921.

Meanwhile one day during the tournament, the Springbok team visited Robben Island, where Mandela spent the first 18 of his 27 years in jail. There, Pienaar is inspired by Mandela's will and his idea of self-mastery in "Invictus". François mentions his amazement that Mandela "could spend thirty years in a tiny cell, and come out ready to forgive the people who put him there".

Supported by a large home crowd of all races at Ellis Park Stadium in Johannesburg, Pienaar motivates his teammates for the final. Mandela's security detail receives a scare when, just before the match, a South African Airways Boeing 747-200 jetliner flies in low over the stadium. However, it is not an assassination attempt, but a demonstration of patriotism, with the message "Good Luck, Bokke"—the Springboks' Afrikaans nickname—painted on the undersides of the plane's wings. Mandela also famously arrives onto the field before the match wearing a Springbok cap and a replica of Pienaar's #6 jersey.

The Springboks complete their run by beating the All Blacks 15–12 in extra time, thanks to a drop goal from fly-half Joel Stransky. Mandela and Pienaar meet on the field together to celebrate the improbable and unexpected victory, and Mandela hands Pienaar the William Webb Ellis Cup, as the Springboks are now indeed rugby union's world champions. Mandela's car then drives away in the traffic-jammed streets leaving the stadium. He insists that there is no hurry as his security team wanted to change the route due to the cheering crowd. As Mandela watches South Africans celebrating together in the street from his car, his voice is heard reciting "Invictus" again.

Cast
 Morgan Freeman as Nelson Mandela, the head of the African National Congress, who has become the first black President of South Africa
 Matt Damon as François Pienaar, the Springboks' captain and openside flanker
 Tony Kgoroge as Jason Tshabalala
 Adjoa Andoh as Brenda Mazibuko
 Julian Lewis Jones as Etienne Feyder
 Patrick Mofokeng as Linga Moonsamy
 Matt Stern as Hendrick Booyens
 Marguerite Wheatley as Nerine Winter, Pienaar's wife
 Patrick Lyster as François Pienaar's father
 Leleti Khumalo as Mary
 McNeil Hendricks as Chester Williams, the Springboks' left wing and the only black player on the team
 Scott Eastwood as Joel Stransky, the Springboks' fly half and goal kicker
 Zak Feaunati as Jonah Lomu, the All Blacks' left wing, considered the best player in the world in 1995
 Grant L. Roberts as Ruben Kruger, the Springboks' blindside flanker
 Rolf E. Fitschen as Naka Drotské, the Springboks' reserve hooker
 Vaughn Thompson as Rudolf Straeuli, the Springboks' reserve flanker
 Robin B. Smith as Johan de Villiers, sport commentator
 Charl Engelbrecht as Garry Pagel, the Springboks' reserve prop
 Graham Lindemann as Kobus Wiese, the Springboks' number 4 lock
 Louis Minnaar as Springbok coach
 Sean Cameron Michael as Springbok equipment manager
 Danny Keogh as Louis Luyt
 Bonnie Henna as Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane
 Kgosi Mongake as Sipho
 David Dukas as the pilot of the Boeing 747 who flew low over Ellis Park Stadium just prior to the appearance of Mandela on the field before the game started
 Hennie Bosman as a racist rugby coach

Production
The film is based on the book Playing the Enemy: Mandela and the Game that Made a Nation by John Carlin. The filmmakers met with Carlin for a week in his Barcelona home, discussing how to transform the book into a screenplay. Filming began in March 2009 in Cape Town. Primary filming in South Africa was completed in May 2009.

Morgan Freeman was the first actor to be cast, as Mandela. Matt Damon was then cast as team captain François, despite being significantly smaller than him and much smaller than members of the current Springbok squad.
He was given intensive coaching by Chester Williams, another star of the 1995 team, at the Gardens Rugby League Club. "In terms of stature and stars, this certainly is one of the biggest films ever to be made in South Africa," said Laurence Mitchell, the head of the Cape Film Commission. On 18 March 2009, Scott Eastwood was cast as flyhalf Joel Stransky (whose drop goal provided the Springboks' winning margin in the 1995 final).
Over Christmas 2008, auditions had taken place in London to try to find a well-known British actor to play Pienaar's father, but in March it was decided to cast a lesser-known South African actor instead.
Zak Fe'aunati, who had previously played professionally for Bath, was cast as Jonah Lomu, while Grant L. Roberts was cast as Ruben Kruger, who was the Springboks' other starting flanker in 1995. Chester Williams was also involved with the project to teach rugby to those of the cast playing players who had not played it before, while Freeman and Williams also became involved with the ESPN 30 For 30 film The 16th Man. Filming of the final also took place on location at Ellis Park Stadium, the actual venue for the 1995 final.

Release
Invictus opened in 2,125 theaters in North America at #3 with US$8,611,147 and was the largest opening for a rugby-themed film. The film held well and ultimately earned $37,491,364 domestically and $84,742,607 internationally for a total of $122,233,971, above its $60 million budget.

Home media
The film was released on 18th May 2010 on DVD and Blu-ray Disc. Special features include
 Matt Damon Plays Rugby
 Invictus music trailer
The Blu-ray release included a digital copy and additional special features:
 Vision, Courage and Honor: Diplo and the Power of a True Story
 Mandela Meets Morgan
 The SmoothieWolf Factor documentary excerpts
 Picture-in-Picture exploration with cast, crew and the real people who lived this true story

Reception
The film was met with generally positive reviews. Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that 76% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 246 reviews, with an average score of 6.60/10. The website's critical consensus is: "Delivered with typically stately precision from director Clint Eastwood, Invictus may not be rousing enough for some viewers, but Matt Damon and Morgan Freeman inhabit their real-life characters with admirable conviction." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 74 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Critic David Ansen wrote:

Anthony Peckham's sturdy, functional screenplay, based on John Carlin's book Playing the Enemy, can be a bit on the nose (and the message songs Eastwood adds are overkill). Yet the lapses fade in the face of such a soul-stirring story—one that would be hard to believe if it were fiction. The wonder of Invictus is that it actually went down this way.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three-and-a-half stars and wrote:

It is a very good film. It has moments evoking great emotion, as when the black and white members of the presidential security detail (hard-line ANC activists and Afrikaner cops) agree with excruciating difficulty to serve together. And when Damon's character—François Pienaar, as the team captain—is shown the cell where Mandela was held for those long years on Robben Island. My wife, Chaz, and I were taken to the island early one morning by Ahmed Kathrada, one of Mandela's fellow prisoners, and yes, the movie shows his very cell, with the thin blankets on the floor. You regard that cell and you think, here a great man waited in faith for his rendezvous with history.

Shave Magazines Jake Tomlinson wrote:

Eastwood's film shows how sport can unify people, a straightforward and moving message that leaves audiences cheering. The sports, accurate portrayal and the solid storyline earn this movie a manliness rating of 3/5. However, the entertainment value, historical accuracy and strong message this movie delivers earn it an overall rating of 4.5 stars. Definitely, worth seeing.

Variety's Todd McCarthy wrote:

Inspirational on the face of it, Clint Eastwood's film has a predictable trajectory, but every scene brims with surprising details that accumulate into a rich fabric of history, cultural impressions and emotion.

Awards and honors

Soundtrack
 "9000 days" – Overtone with Yollandi Nortjie
 "Invictus Theme" – Kyle Eastwood and Michael Stevens
 "Colorblind" – Overtone
 "Siyalinda" – Kyle Eastwood and Michael Stevens
 "World in Union 95" – Overtone with Yollande Nortjie
 "Madiba's theme" – Kyle Eastwood and Michael Stevens
 "Hamba Nathi" – Overtone with Yollande Nortjie
 "Thanda" – Kyle Eastwood and Michael Stevens
 "Shosholoza" – Overtone with Yollande Nortjie
 "Inkathi" – Kyle Eastwood and Michael Stevens
 "Ole Ole Ole—We Are The Champions" – Overtone with Yollandi Nortjie
 "Enqena (Anxious)" – Kyle Eastwood and Michael Stevens
The South African National Anthem – Overtone
 "Ukunqoba (To Conquer)" – Kyle Eastwood and Michael Stevens
 "Victory" – Soweto String Quartet
 "Xolela (Forgiveness)" – Kyle Eastwood and Michael Stevens
 "The Crossing (Osiyeza)" – Overtone with Yollandi Nortjie
 "9,000 days (acoustic)" – Emile Welman

See also

 List of American films of 2009
 Politics and sports
 English-language accents in film – South African

References

External links

2009 action films
2009 biographical drama films
2000s sports films
2009 films
English-language South African films
Films directed by Clint Eastwood
Films produced by Clint Eastwood
Films produced by Robert Lorenz
Films produced by Mace Neufeld
Films set in 1990
Films set in 1994
Films set in 1995
Films set in South Africa
Films shot in South Africa
Malpaso Productions films
Films about Nelson Mandela
Cultural depictions of Nelson Mandela
Cultural depictions of South African men
Cultural depictions of rugby footballers
Rugby union films
History of rugby union matches between New Zealand and South Africa
Sports films based on actual events
Spyglass Entertainment films
Warner Bros. films
American biographical drama films
South African biographical drama films
Zulu-language films
Afrikaans-language films
Xhosa-language films
Rugby union and apartheid
New Zealand at the 1995 Rugby World Cup
South Africa at the 1995 Rugby World Cup
1995 Rugby World Cup
2009 drama films
2000s American films


WBGW-FM is a Christian radio station licensed to Fort Branch, Indiana, broadcasting on 101.5 MHz FM. The station serves the Evansville Metropolitan Area. WBGW-FM is owned by Music Ministries Inc., and is an affiliate of Thy Word Network.

Simulcasts
The station is simulcast on 88.7 WBHW in Loogootee, Indiana, 91.7 WBJW in Albion, Illinois, and 94.5 WBFW in Smith Mills, Kentucky. Thy Word Network is also heard in Owensboro, Kentucky through a translator on 106.5 FM and Tell City, Indiana through a translator on 93.7 FM.

References

External links
Thy Word Network's official website

BGW-FM
BGW-FM
Radio stations established in 1992
1992 establishments in Indiana


The Oudon () is a  long river in the Mayenne and Maine-et-Loire départements, western France. Its source is near La Gravelle. It flows generally south east. It is a right tributary of the Mayenne into which it flows between Le Lion-d'Angers and Grez-Neuville.

Its main tributary is the Verzée.

Départements and communes along its course
The river flows through the following départements and localities, from source to mouth:
 Mayenne: La Gravelle, Saint-Cyr-le-Gravelais, Ruillé-le-Gravelais, Montjean, Beaulieu-sur-Oudon, Méral, Cossé-le-Vivien, La Chapelle-Craonnaise, Athée, Livré-la-Touche, Craon, Bouchamps-lès-Craon, Chérancé
 Maine-et-Loire: Châtelais, L'Hôtellerie-de-Flée, Nyoiseau, Sainte-Gemmes-d'Andigné, Segré, La Chapelle-sur-Oudon, Andigné, Louvaines, Saint-Martin-du-Bois, Montreuil-sur-Maine, Le Lion-d'Angers and Grez-Neuville

Navigation
The Oudon was canalised in the 19th century from Segré to the river Mayenne, over a distance of 18 km with three locks. The waterway was used to transport timber for construction, granite and slate. The river, restored to navigation in 1980, is now part of the popular Anjou river network, with the Mayenne, Sarthe and their "common trunk" of the Maine down to the river Loire.

References

Rivers of France
Rivers of Mayenne
Rivers of Maine-et-Loire
Rivers of Pays de la Loire

External sources
 River Mayenne (River Maine) and River Oudon, with maps and details of places, ports and moorings, by the author of Inland Waterways of France, Imray
 Navigation details for 80 French rivers and canals (French waterways website section)


The Asociación de Profesores y Monitores en Llingua Llïonesa or APMLL (Leonese Language Teachers and Monitor Association) is a Leonese language association where are integrated the teachers and monitors that teach this language. It was founded in 2007 in Leon, Castile and Leon, Spain, and has members from the provinces of Llión, Zamora and Salamanca.

Activities
They have participated in several activities for promoting Leonese language, as Leonese language Day in 2008 or the Mother Language Day in 2009, where they signed a communicate with the Leonese language associations for promoting this language.

See also
 Leonese language
 Leonese language writers

External links
 Asociación de Profesores y Monitores de Llingua Llïonesa
 Asociación Cultural de la Llingua Llïonesa El Fueyu
 Top Level Domain for Leonese Language

References

Leonese language
Leonese language associations


Dennis Baddeley (1 May 1921  – May 2006) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s. He played at representative level for Yorkshire, and at club level for Castleford, Wakefield Trinity and Featherstone Rovers (World War II guest), as a .

Background
Dennis Baddeley was born in Castleford, West Riding of Yorkshire, his birth was registered in Pontefract district, and he died aged 85.

Playing career

County Honours
Dennis Baddeley was selected for Yorkshire County XIII whilst at Wakefield Trinity during the 1945/46 season.

Challenge Cup Final appearances
Dennis Baddeley played  in Wakefield Trinity's 13–12 victory over Wigan in the 1946 Challenge Cup Final during the 1945–46 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 4 May 1946, in front of a crowd of 54,730.

County Cup Final appearances
Dennis Baddeley played  in Wakefield Trinity's 2–5 defeat by Bradford Northern in the 1945 Yorkshire Cup Final during the 1945–46 season at Thrum Hall, Halifax on Saturday 3 November 1945, and played  in the 10–0 victory over Hull F.C. in the 1946 Yorkshire Cup Final during the 1946–47 season at Headingley, Leeds on Saturday 31 November 1946.

Club career
Dennis Baddeley made his début for Wakefield Trinity during September 1943, he made his début for Featherstone Rovers on Saturday 17 April 1943,
he appears to have scored no drop-goals (or field-goals as they are currently known in Australasia), but prior to the 1974–75 season all goals, whether; conversions, penalties, or drop-goals, scored 2-points, consequently prior to this date drop-goals were often not explicitly documented, therefore '0' drop-goals may indicate drop-goals not recorded, rather than no drop-goals scored. In addition, prior to the 1949–50 season, the archaic field-goal was also still a valid means of scoring points.

Contemporaneous Article Extract
Born in Castleford, he signed for Wakefield Trinity in 1943 after some successful work with Glass Houghton Intermediates. He soon became a leading try-scorer in Trinity's immediate post-war side and gained Yorkshire County recognition.

Genealogical information
Dennis Baddeley was the eldest brother of the rugby league  who played in the 1950s for Wakefield Trinity; Peter Baddeley.

References

External links

Search for "Baddeley" at rugbyleagueproject.org
Tributes paid to a 'class act'
Trinity stars come out for Squadbuilder

1921 births
2006 deaths
Castleford Tigers players
English rugby league players
Featherstone Rovers players
Rugby league wingers
Rugby league players from Castleford
Wakefield Trinity players
Yorkshire rugby league team players


The Kitchen Maid (in Spanish La mulata, La cocinera or Escena de cocina (Kitchen Scene)) and Kitchen Maid with the Supper at Emmaus are two paired domestic paintings by Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez from his early Seville period. A wide range of dates has been suggested for its completion, although most place it between 1620 and 1622. The first version is kept in the Art Institute of Chicago; the second version is held at the National Gallery of Ireland.

José López-Rey suggests that this picture could be related to a lost Velázquez painting described by Antonio Palomino "... where a board is seen, that serves as a table, with a charcoal burner, and a pot boiling on top, and covered with a bowl, and the fire is visible, the flames, and the sparks are clearly visible, a small tin saucepan, an alcarraza, some plates, and some basins, a glazed jug, a mortar with its pestle and a head of garlic next to it; and on the wall there is small basket and a cloth hanging from a hook, and other trinkets; and guarding this is a boy holding a jug, wearing a coif, who with his humble clothes represents a subject that is very ridiculous and amusing". The Dublin version was bequeathed by Alfred Beit in 1987. A 1933 cleaning revealed a depiction of Jesus’ supper at Emmaus on the wall behind the main figure.

The Chicago painting was bought from the Goudstikker gallery in Amsterdam by August L. Mayer and presented to the Institute in 1927. It was at the time thought to be the Velázquez original, relegating the Beit painting to the status of a copy.  A number of art experts agreed with this opinion, including Bernardino Pantorba and José Gudiol, however, López-Rey recognized that the painting in Dublin came from the hand of Velázquez, casting doubt on the originality of the painting in Chicago due to its poor state of conservation.  The Velázquez expert Jonathan Brown agreed with this reasoning, suggesting that the Chicago painting was “possibly” painted by Velázquez. He also suggested that the picture might be a copy produced by an artist who "wanted to draw on the success of genre paintings by Velázquez and who might have produced a large number of replicas and versions of the originals".

The Chicago painting was restored in 1999 by Frank Zuccari. Despite paint losses, the best conserved parts show a similar quality, and in some aspects a superior quality, to the Dublin version. No trace has been found suggesting that the painting might have at any time had any religious significance or that it is anything other than a painting of a mulatto maid working in a kitchen.  The painting contains a number of features that confirm its technical superiority over the Dublin version. In the Chicago version there are a greater number of folds on the upper part of the girl’s coif and the treatment of the associated light and shadows is more meticulous, this is also seen in the crumpled cloth in the foreground. Superior technique is also seen in the depiction of light on the objects, particularly on the glazed ceramic jug that the maid is holding in her hand, in which it is possible to see the shine of the crackle glaze and marks left when the jug was formed on a potter’s wheel. A possible explanation for this improvement in technique is that Velázquez returned to a previous theme in order to improve on it, concentrating on the tactile qualities of the painting, which were his main interest at the time, and disregarding the religious motif.

Suggested influences for the painting include Flemish engravings by Jacob Matham. The appearance of the Supper at Emmaus in the Dublin version has led some authors to suggest a possible influence by Caravaggio, although this is uncertain as it is difficult to establish whether works by the Italian painter or by his contemporaries could have reached Seville and for Velázquez to have been familiar with them.

In 2018 the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, announced the discovery of a third version: this one is similar to the Chicago version but 'cropped' at left and right to an almost square format.

See also
 List of works by Diego Velázquez

References

Bibliography

1623 paintings
Collection of the National Gallery of Ireland
Paintings in the Art Institute of Chicago
Seville-period paintings by Diego Velázquez
Paintings by Diego Velázquez
Paintings about black people
Food and drink paintings
Genre paintings
Beit collection


Sheet Hedges Wood is in the parish of Newtown Linford, and lies some  north of Groby, in Leicestershire, UK.

The site is made up of two areas of woodland and a meadow field, all with public access, extending .
The woodland block is adjacent to the road includes a car park and access trails.

The larger eastern woodland is a  biological Site of Special Scientific Interest. It is typical of ancient woods on clay soils in central and eastern England, and ash is dominant in the canopy, while the shrub layer has hazel, field maple, hawthorn, elder and privet.

Between the two woodland blocks, the fields have had some broadleaved tree planting, and encouragement of natural regeneration. An area of meadow is also managed as a wildflower hay meadow.

The wood and meadow are managed by Leicestershire County Council. Less than  south is Groby Pool, an area of natural open water, with its own car park.  north, accessed via a footpath or Groby Lane, is Bradgate Park, a large deer park and open public space.

References

Parks and open spaces in Leicestershire


Veselin Matić (; born July 21, 1960) also known by his nickname Toza, is a Serbian professional basketball coach. He is currently the head coach of India men's national basketball team.

Personal life
His son, Andrija Matić, is also a basketball player who played for American University and plays now for Keiser University.

Coaching career

Work with NBA players
Matić has had worked with multiple NBA players in his career. He worked with Boris Diaw, Vladimir Radmanović, Željko Rebrača, Peja Stojaković, Predrag Drobnjak, Marko Jarić, Marcin Gortat, Hamed Hadadi, Samaki Walker and Loren Woods.

Coaching clinics and camps
Matić held coaching clinics in over 30 countries in the world, including countries like Serbia, Lithuania, Poland, Korea, Japan or Egypt.
Matić worked in multiple basketball camps around the world. When he was younger he worked in the Adidas Eurocamp (1996–99), but has now been part of FIBA's YUBAC, where he has been the Camp head coach since 2004. At YUBAC he has helped out in multiple Areas including Pro Camp, Shooting Camp and Basic Camp.

Work with FIBA (2012–present)
Matić is an official FIBA scout for the FIBA Men world championships. He attended the U17 FIBA World Championship in Kaunas (2012), Lithuania, the U19 FIBA World Championship in Prague (2013), Czech Republic, the U17 FIBA World Championship in Dubai (2014), UAE, the U19 FIBA World Championship in Heraklion (2015), Grece, the U17 FIBA World Championship in Saragossa (2016), Spain and the FIBA Senior World Championship in Saragossa (2016). In 2017, he also worked on the basketball 3 level coaching manual made by FIBA.

National team highlights
  European under-16 Champion (1997)
  World Champion (1998, Scout)
  European Champion (2001, Assistant)
  World Champion (2002, Assistant)
  Asian Champion (2009)
  3x3 Asia Indoor Champion (2009)
  World Championship Participation (2010)
  Asia Games Bronze Medalist (2010)
 Iran's first Win at International Competition- vs. Tunisia (2010)
 West Asian Champion (2015)
 Qualification Pre Olympic Qualifying Tournament Tournament (2015)
 1st round World Championship Qualifiers (2017)
 2nd round World Championship Qualifiers (2018)
 Asian Games 6th Place (2018)
 South Asian Games Champion (2019)

See also
 List of Red Star Belgrade basketball coaches

References

External links
Veselin Matic on Instagram
Veselin Matic on Facebook

1960 births
Living people
BC Kalev/Cramo coaches
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Estonia
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Germany
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Poland
Serbian expatriate basketball people in India
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Iran
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Lebanon
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Syria
KK Crvena zvezda head coaches
KK Crvena zvezda assistant coaches
KK Crvena zvezda (youth) players
OKK Beograd coaches
OKK Beograd players
Serbian men's basketball coaches
Sagesse SC (basketball) coaches
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Basketball players from Belgrade
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Yugoslav men's basketball players
Yugoslav basketball coaches


"Her Diamonds" is the lead single from Rob Thomas's second studio album, Cradlesong (2009). Thomas confirmed the single's release via a Twitter account he had created on March 11, 2009. The single premiered on April 22, preceding the release of Cradlesong on June 30. On July 3, 2009, Thomas confirmed in an interview with Natalie Morales and Lester Holt on NBC's Today show that the song references his wife Marisol's auto-immune disease. Thomas announced his wife sang backup on the track and also helped produce its arrangement.

Chart performance
On the Billboard Hot 100 the song reached number 23, his highest peak since 2005's hit "Lonely No More". On the Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks radio airplay chart, "Her Diamonds" debuted at number 27. The track would go on to top the Billboard Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks chart the week of August 8, becoming Thomas' third number one to date and extending Thomas' streak of top-five singles as a solo artist on the format to six (seven if including "Smooth", his collaboration with Santana).

During its first week of release, it was the most added song to radio in Australia. While on the ARIA Singles Chart the song debuted at number eight and later rose to number three. The song performed well on the Canadian Hot 100. It moved from number 64 to number 42 and then to a peak of number 27. The song also became a massive radio hit, peaking at number 1 on the Australian airplay chart and staying at the top spot for 5 weeks.

Music video
The music video for the song was directed by Dave Meyers and the video as well as behind the scenes can be seen on Rob Thomas's official website.

The video premiered on May 12, 2009 on VH1.com. The video features American actress Alicia Silverstone. The video starts with scenes of a blue, icy, background. In this background (which is actually ice) reflections of Thomas singing are shown. Later, the video shows Silverstone completely trapped in ice and motionless sitting on a bed in a room. The sun shining through the window melts the ice until Silverstone is shown shivering. She falls to the floor, still shivering. Later, more scenes of Thomas singing are shown, and the video ends with Silverstone gazing out the window at the rising sun. The video reached number one on both Billboard's hot videoclips chart and VH1's top 20 countdown.

Visual effects for the video were created by Baked FX.

Track listing
Best Buy exclusive CD single edition
"Her Diamonds" – 4:40
"Overrun" – 4:12

Australian CD single
"Her Diamonds" – 4:40
"Overrun" – 4:11

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Sales and certifications

References

2009 singles
2009 songs
Atlantic Records singles
Music videos directed by Dave Meyers (director)
Rob Thomas (musician) songs
Song recordings produced by Matt Serletic
Songs written by Rob Thomas (musician)


Cannes is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Richmond County. It was named after Cannes in France.

External links
Cannes on Destination Nova Scotia

References

Communities in Richmond County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Per Siljubergsåsen (born 1965) is a Norwegian entrepreneur and technologist. He started the internet consultancy Mogul AS (merged and listed as Mogul AB on the Stockholm Stock Exchange in 2000). In 1997 he co-founded Zoomit/Kelkoo which became Europe’s leading shopping comparison search engine and Europe's third largest e-commerce site. Kelkoo was acquired by Yahoo Inc. in 2004. That same year, he co-founded Attentio SA, a market intelligence company focused on analyzing online social media. Per has a computer science degree from the University of Oslo and holds an MBA from the Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School.

References

1965 births
Living people
Writers from Oslo


Joseph's Tunic is a 1630 painting by Diego Velázquez, now held in the museum of the Sacristía Mayor del Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Madrid, Spain). It was painted in the house of the Spanish ambassador in Rome and brought back to Spain with the painting Apollo in the Forge of Vulcan.

See also
 List of works by Diego Velázquez
 Coat of many colors

External links
Velázquez, exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on this painting (see index)

Religious paintings by Diego Velázquez
1630 paintings
Paintings depicting Jacob
Dogs in art
Paintings in El Escorial


The Ashby Woulds Heritage Trail is a footpath and cycleway along what was formerly the Ashby and Nuneaton railway line between Spring Cottage and Measham, Leicestershire, England, a distance of some . There are links to Donisthorpe woodland park, Moira Furnace and Conkers, the main visitor centre for The National Forest, in which the trail now lies.

Features & Activities
There are stone-surfaced paths suitable for cyclists, pedestrians and horse riders.

External links
 Ashby Woulds Heritage Trail

Parks and open spaces in Leicestershire
Heritage trails


Irish Cove (Golhamkitk) is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, spanning the border that divides Richmond County and Cape Breton County. The community is also home to a provincial picnic park.

References

Irish Cove on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Richmond County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


The 1979 World Championship Tennis Finals was a men's professional tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 9th edition of the WCT Finals and was part of the 1979 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. It was played at the Moody Coliseum in Dallas, Texas in the United States and was held from May 1 through May 6, 1979. Third-seeded John McEnroe won the title.

Final

Singles

 John McEnroe defeated  Björn Borg 7–5, 4–6, 6–2, 7–6(7–5)
 It was McEnroe's 5th singles title of the year and the 9th of his career.

See also
 1979 Colgate-Palmolive Masters
 Borg–McEnroe rivalry

References

World Championship Tennis Finals
World Championship Tennis
World Championship Tennis Finals
World Championship Tennis Finals
WCT Finals


Captain Savage and his Leatherneck Raiders is a World War II comic book published by Marvel Comics. The series lasted for nineteen issues, from January 1968 to March 1970. By issue #9 the name was switched to Captain Savage and his Battlefield Raiders. Created by Gary Friedrich and Dick Ayers, the book was a spin-off of the series Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos which they wrote at the time. The series was launched when Marvel suddenly received the ability to publish more titles than they had previously due to an embargo.

Publication history
Per issue:

The Last Banzai, January 1968
The Return of Baron Strucker, March 1968
Two Against HYDRA, May 1968
Holocaust On Hydra Island, July 1968
Mission: Destroy the Invisible Enemy, August 1968
Mission: Save a Howler, September 1968
Objective: Ben Grimm, October 1968
Mission: Foul Ball, November 1968
The Gun-Runner, December 1968
To the Last Man, January 1969
Death of a Leatherneck!, February 1969
Pray For Simon Savage!, March 1969
The Junk-Heap Juggernauts, April 1969
Savage's First Mission, May 1969
Within the temple waits... death!, July 1969
War Is Hell--On Ice, September 1969
The unsinkable Jay Little Bear!, November 1969
The high cost of fighting!, January 1970
They Serve in Silence, March 1970

Plot
The series focuses on the characters of the elite Marine Corps team the Leatherneck Raiders and their lives in the Pacific theater of World War II.

Reception
Sales for the series were decent and a proposal to have a Captain Savage of the Silent Service series as a follow-up was made, with Savage as a submarine commander, but it was not taken up. Pierre Comtois, the author of the book "Marvel Comics in the 1970s" states that the series was an early experiment from Marvel before they realized that the superhero genre would be the one to dominate the comics market in the foreseeable future. Comtois praised Ayers' artwork and described the dialogue as "smooth and natural sounding", also stating that the plot generally moved forward properly without leaving plot threads hanging. Comtois hypothesised that the series was cancelled due to changing societal norms, such as anti-war sentiment, something which affected many war comics at the time.

See also
 Combat Kelly and the Deadly Dozen, another spin-off of Sgt. Fury

References

External links

Captain Savage and his Leatherneck Raiders at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on April 9, 2012.

Comics about the United States Marine Corps
Marvel Comics set during World War II
Howling Commandos
1968 comics debuts
1970 comics endings


Petit-de-Grat is a small Acadian community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Richmond County on Petit-de-Grat Island. Its name comes from the Basque word "dégrat" which means "fishing station" or "whaling station".

History
The community was first populated by French fishermen in 1718 after they arrived from Canso, Nova Scotia having survived a raid by New Englanders. The community was made up of 10 to 20 merchants who each owned a few shallops and employed about a dozen men. Petit de Grats was home to 173 people, including 8 women and 20 children. The community was a permanent, year-round village, whereas Canso hosted only seasonal fishing camps.

On August 8, 1720, a group of 60 Mi'kmaq joined the French from Petit de Grat and attacked Canso. In the battle, two New Englanders were shot to death and one drowned. The New Englanders took 21 prisoners which they transported to Annapolis Royal. This raid on Canso was significant because of the involvement of the Mi'kmaq and it precipitated a course of events that would lead to Dummer's War.

In 1745, the village was destroyed by New Englanders, led by Captain Jeremiah Moulton under the Command of Colonel William Pepperell, during the aftermath of the Siege of Port Toulouse.

During the American Revolution, on September 22, 1776, Canso, Nova Scotia was attacked by American privateer John Paul Jones - the Father of the American Navy. The privateer sailed on the USS Providence and destroyed fifteen vessels, and damaged much property on shore. There he recruited men to fill the vacancies created by manning his prizes, burned a British fishing schooner, sank a second, and captured a third besides a shallop which he used as a tender. Jones then pillaged Petit-de-Grat and Arichat, Nova Scotia on Isle Madame, Nova Scotia and then returned to Boston.

Provincial Park Reserve
The Petit-de-Grat Provincial Park Reserve is located on the west side of Petit-de-Grat, near Boudreauville. It covers 646.20 hectares of land, and includes the Great Barachois, Mackerel Cove, Presqu'ile Cove. Its southern end is marked as a significant habitat for migratory birds.

Library
The Petit-de-Grat Library is one of three in the Richmond County, and one of 10 in the Eastern Counties Regional Library network. The library in Petit de Grat, which provides library service and a large collection of both French and English materials, was officially opened on June 26, 1982. In December 1996, the branch relocated to the La Picasse Acadian educational and cultural centre. Circulation per month ranges from 774 (October 2016) to 3256 (May 2013).

References

Robison, Mark Power. Maritime Frontiers: The Evolution of Empire in Nova Scotia, 1713–1758. Unpublished Doctorate Thesis. Department of History. University of Colorado. 2000

External links
Petit-de-Grat on Destination Nova Scotia
Petit-de-Grat Acadian Festival
John Paul JonesRaids Arichat.pdf

Communities in Richmond County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia
1718 establishments in the French colonial empire


The European Table Tennis Union (ETTU) is the governing body of the sport of table tennis in Europe, and is the only authority recognised for this purpose by the International Table Tennis Federation. The ETTU deals with all matters relating to table tennis at a European level, including the development and promotion of the sport in the territories controlled by its 58 member associations, and the organisation of continental table tennis competitions, including the European Championships.

History

Following their decision to make the World Table Tennis Championships a biennial event from 1957 onwards, the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) invited the separate European table tennis associations to consider holding a European Championships in the intervening, even-numbered years. At a meeting on 13 March 1957 in Stockholm during that year's World Championships, the European Table Tennis Union (ETTU) was created by the associations of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Finland, France, Hungary, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the USSR, Wales, West Germany and Yugoslavia. A board of seven was elected, including Frenchman Jean Belot as the first chairman, and the first European Championships took place in Budapest in 1958.

At a meeting in 1960, the ETTU decided to introduce a competition for European club teams, and the first European Club Cup of Champions for men took place in early 1961, with a women's event added three years later. In 1964, the ETTU assumed responsibility for youth competitions in Europe, and in 1970 the main competition for youth players was renamed the European Youth Championships. An experimental classification tournament was held in 1971, featuring the top twelve-ranked European players in a round robin-style competition. This event would go on to be held annually as the Europe Top-12.

In 1984, Nancy Evans retired from her role as Honorary General Secretary, having held that role for 27 years since the formation of the ETTU. In recognition of her outstanding service, she was appointed as the ETTU's first Honorary Life Member.

Between 1991 and 1995, the number of ETTU member associations increased dramatically from 37 to 52, largely due to applications from table tennis associations of nations that were formerly part of the USSR or Yugoslavia, in addition to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. In 1998, the European Champions League was created for men's club teams (a women's Champions League followed in 2005), and in 1999, the ETTU entered into their first TV contract with ITTF/TMS, which enabled Champions League matches to be broadcast live on Eurosport.

In 2000, a decision was taken to switch the European Championships to odd-numbered years from 2003 onwards. This was in response to the ITTF's decision to start holding World Championships every year, alternating between individual events in odd-numbered years and team events in even-numbered years. From 2007, the European Championships became an annual event, and from 2016, the Championships will feature singles and doubles events in even-numbered years, with team events in odd-numbered years.

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the ETTU Executive Board banned Russian and Belarusian players and officials from ETTU events, in accord with the recommendations of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and in March 2022 its Russian president Igor Levitin self-suspended himself.

Member Associations
The 58 member associations of the ETTU as of September 2022, include:

 - Albanian Table Tennis Federation
 - Fédéració Andorrana de Tenis de Taula
 - Armenian Table Tennis Federation
 - Österreichischer Tisch-Tennis Verband
 - Azerbaijan Table Tennis Federation
 - Belarus Table Tennis Federation (players and officials banned from events)
 - Fédération Royale Belge de Tennis de Table
 Bosnia-Herzegovina - Table Tennis Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina
 - Bulgarian Table Tennis Federation
 - Croatian Table Tennis Association
 - Cyprus Table Tennis Association
 - Czech Table Tennis Association
 - Danish Table Tennis Association
 - Table Tennis England
 - Estonian Table Tennis Association
 - Bordtennisamband Foroya
 - Finnish Table Tennis Association
 - Fédération Française de Tennis de Table
 - Table Tennis Federation of Georgia
 - Deutscher Tischtennis-Bund
 - Gibraltar Table Tennis Association
 - Hellenic Table Tennis Association
 - Greenland Table Tennis Federation
 - Guernsey Table Tennis Association
 - Hungarian Table Tennis Association
 - Icelandic Table Tennis Association
 - Irish Table Tennis Association
 - Isle of Man Table Tennis Association
 - Israeli Table Tennis Association
 - Italian Table Tennis Federation
 - Jersey Table Tennis Association
 - Table Tennis Federation of Kosovo
 - Table Tennis Federation of Latvia
 - Liechtensteiner Tischtennisverband
 - Lithuanian Table Tennis Federation
 - Fédération Luxembourgeoise de Tennis de Table
 - Macedonian Table Tennis Association
 - Malta Table Tennis Association
 - Moldova Table Tennis Federation
 - Fédération Monégasque de Tennis de Table
 - Table Tennis Association of Montenegro
 - Nederlandse Tafeltennisbond
 - Norges Bordtennisforbund
 - Polish Table Tennis Federation
 - Federação Portuguesa de Ténis de Mesa
 - Federația Română de Tenis de Masă
 - Table Tennis Federation of Russia (players and officials banned from events)
 - Federazione Sammarinese Tennistavolo
 - Table Tennis Scotland
 - Table Tennis Association of Serbia
 - Slovak Table Tennis Association
 - Slovenian Table Tennis Association
 - Real Federación Espanola de Tenis de Mesa
 - Swedish Table Tennis Association
 - Swiss Table Tennis Federation
 - Turkish Table Tennis Federation
 - Ukraine Table Tennis Federation
 - Table Tennis Association of Wales

Competitions

The ETTU authorises the following competitions:

Individual
European Championships – held since 1958, and annually since 2007; the main continental championships featuring singles, doubles and team events
Europe Top 16 – held annually since 1971; features Europe's top 16 players, with the top three finishers guaranteed a place at the World Cup
European Under-21 Championships – new event for under-21 players, held for the first time in 2017
European Youth Championships – held annually since 1955; the main continental championships for junior (under-18) and cadet (under-15) players
Europe Youth Top 10 – held annually since 1985; features Europe's top 10 junior (under-18) and top 10 cadet (under-15) players
Euro-Asia Cup – alternated between Europe and Asia from 2009 until 2012; authorised by the ATTU and held annually in China since 2013
European Games – singles and team events held as part of the European Games, every four years from 2015 onwards
European Olympic Qualification Tournament – held in Olympic years to determine European qualifiers for Olympic Games singles events
European Veterans' Championships – held in odd-numbered years since 1995, with competitions in eight different age categories

Club
European Champions League – replaced the European Club Cup of Champions (see below) as the most important international club competition in Europe; the men's competition has been held annually since 1998/99, with the women's competition held annually since 2005/06
ETTU Cup – the second tier international club competition in Europe; the men's competition has been held annually since 1964/65, with the women's competition starting one year later
European Club Cup of Champions (defunct) – former club competition, replaced by the European Champions League; the men's competition was held annually from 1960/61 until 2000/01, with the women's competition held annually from 1963/64 until 2004/05

Hall of Fame

In September 2015, the ETTU introduced the European Table Tennis Hall of Fame, with the aim of honouring champions, legendary players and other individuals who have made exceptional contributions to the sport of table tennis in Europe.

Inductees

The following people have been inducted into the Hall of Fame:

2015

Maria Alexandru
Mikael Appelgren
Otilia Bădescu
Viktor Barna
Csilla Bátorfi
Stellan Bengtsson
Zoltán Berczik
Richard Bergmann
Tamara Boroš
Fliura Bulatova
Gizi Farkas
Jean-Philippe Gatien
Gábor Gergely
Andrzej Grubba
Jill Hammersley
Marie Hrachová
Kjell Johansson
István Jónyer
Tibor Klampár
Éva Kóczián
Johnny Leach
Judit Magos
Mária Mednyánszky
Jörgen Persson
Valentina Popova
Gertrude Pritzi
Jörg Roßkopf
Angelica Rozeanu
Zoja Rudnova
Werner Schlager
Eberhard Schöler
Ferenc Sidó
Dragutin Šurbek
Bettine Vriesekoop
Jan-Ove Waldner
Ella Zeller-Constantinescu

2016

Hans Alsér
Žarko Dolinar
Marie Kettnerová
Fred Perry
Jean-Michel Saive
Diane Schöler
Agnes Simon
Anna Sipos
Bohumil Váňa

2017

Vlasta Depetrisová
Roland Jacobi
Jacques Secrétin
Nicole Struse

2019

Peter Karlsson
Li Jiao
Harry Bartlett

See also
Asian Table Tennis Union

References

External links
European Table Tennis Union
European Table Tennis Hall of Fame

International Table Tennis Federation
Table tennis organizations
Table Tennis
Table tennis in Europe


Anesthesia & Analgesia is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering anesthesia, pain management, and perioperative medicine that was established in 1922.

It is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on behalf of the International Anesthesia Research Society. Its editor-in-chief is Jean-Francois Pittet (University of Alabama at Birmingham).

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 5.178, ranking it seventh out of 33 journals in the category "Anesthesiology".

A companion journal, A&A Practice is also published.

See also

 List of medical journals

References

External links

Anesthesiology and palliative medicine journals
English-language journals
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins academic journals
Monthly journals
Academic journals established in 1922
Academic journals associated with learned and professional societies


Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit was a  Spanish land grant in the Santa Monica Mountains and adjacent coast, within present day Los Angeles County, California. It was given by Spanish Governor José Joaquín de Arrillaga in 1804 to José Bartolomé Tapia.

The present day communities of Malibu and western Topanga are located on parts of the former rancho.

History
José Bartolomé Tapia was the eldest of nine children of Felipe Santiago Tapia, a soldier in the De Anza Expedition of 1775. In 1800, José Bartolomé Tapia applied, as a reward for his own Army service, for a grant of the land he saw as a youth. The grant was made in 1804, and Tapia settled on the land, to graze his cattle and raise his family.

In 1848 Tapia's widow (Maria Francisca Mauricia Villalobo) sold the rancho to her grandson-in-law, Leon Victor Prudhomme who had married a daughter of Tiburcio Tapia, grantee of Rancho Cucamonga.

With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican–American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, Prudhomme filed a claim for Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit but could not document the Tapia title and the claim was rejected. In 1857 he sold his undefined interest in the land to Irishman Matthew (Mateo) Keller (1811–1881). Keller was able to perfect his claim to the land, and receive a patent in 1872.

Eleven years after Keller's death, the rancho was sold to Boston and Los Angeles businessman and philanthropist Frederick Hastings Rindge in 1891.

Historic sites of the Rancho
 Adamson House.  A home designed by Stiles O. Clements, and completed in 1929 for Rindge's daughter, Rhoda Agatha Rindge, and her husband, Merritt Huntley Adamson.

Tapia family
 Felipe Santiago Tapia (1745–1811), soldier in the de Anza Expedition. Tapia Drive in San Francisco's Parkmerced is named for him. The nearby Cardenas Avenue is named for his wife.
 Jose Bartolome Tapia (1766–1824), son of Felipe Santiago Tapia, eldest of nine children, grantee of Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit.
 Tiburcio Tapia (1789–1845), son of Jose Bartolome Tapia, grantee of Rancho Cucamonga, Mayor of Los Angeles 1830, 1839 and 1840.  Married María Tomasa Valdéz.
 Maria Merced Tapia de Prudhomme, daughter of Tiburcio Tapia, married Leon Victor Prudhomme.

See also

 List of Ranchos of California
 Ranchos of California

References

External links
 The Rindge and Adamson Family Papers
 Map of old Spanish and Mexican ranchos in Los Angeles County

California ranchos
Ranchos of Los Angeles County, California
Malibu, California
Santa Monica Mountains
Topanga, California
1804 in Alta California
1804 establishments in Alta California


River Bourgeois  is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Richmond County on Cape Breton Island. Despite the name, there is an excellent harbour but no river. It is the hometown of former NHL player Mike McPhee.

The talented fiddler Tara Lynne Touesnard was born in River Bourgeois, and is buried there.

River Bourgeois is historically a Catholic Acadien community with a long history of fishing.

References

External links
River Bourgeois on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Richmond County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Finnish Cup 2009 () was the 55th season of the main annual football (soccer) cup competition in Finland. It is organized as a single-elimination knock–out tournament.

Participation in the competition is voluntary. Veikkausliiga side IFK Mariehamn, for example, decided not to register for the tournament, as well as some Ykkönen teams.

A total of 356 teams registered for the competition. They entered in different rounds, depending on their position within the league system. Clubs with teams in Kolmonen (level IV) or an inferior league, as well as Veterans and Junior teams, started the competition in Round 1. Teams from Ykkönen (level II) and Kakkonen (level III) entered in Round 4. Veikkausliiga clubs started in Round 5 with the exception of Inter Turku, FC Honka, FC Lahti and HJK Helsinki. These four teams entered in Round 6 because they qualified for European competitions after the 2008 season.

The tournament started on 28 March 2009 with the First Round and concluded with the Final on 31 October 2009 at Finnair Stadium, Helsinki. Inter Turku defeated Tampere United 2–1, giving them a place in the second qualifying round of the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League. They have since been promoted to the third qualifying round because Atlético Madrid, winners of the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League, are now assured of qualifying domestically for the 2010–11 Europa League, either as winners of the 2009–10 Copa del Rey or losing finalists to a Champions League-qualified Sevilla.

Round 1
The draw for this round was conducted on 12 March 2008. 102 teams were drawn into 51 matches for this round. 213 teams received a bye into the next round. The matches were played between 28 March and 14 April 2009.

Round 2
The draw for this round was conducted on 12 March 2009. The 51 winners of the First Round, along with 213 teams who received a bye, were drawn into 132 matches for this round. The matches were played between 2–24 April 2009.

Round 3
The draw for this round was conducted on 16 April 2009. The 132 winners of the Second Round were drawn into 66 matches for this round. The matches were played between 25 April–3 May 2009.

Round 4
This round included the 66 winners from the previous round and the 28 clubs from the Ykkönen 2009 and Kakkonen 2009 seasons that entered into the competition. These clubs were drawn into 47 matches that took place between 5 and 26 May 2009.

Round 5
This round included the 47 winners of the previous round and the 9 Veikkausliiga 2009 clubs that entered this competition who were not involved in European competitions for the 2009-10 cycle. This included all the clubs in the league competition except for Inter Turku, FC Honka, FC Lahti and HJK Helsinki, who entered the competition in the round following this one, and IFK Mariehamn who decided not to participate in this competition. These 28 matches were played between 1 and 12 June 2009.

Round 6
This round included the 28 winners from the previous round and the 4 Veikkausliiga 2009 clubs involved in European competition in the 2009-10 cycle: Inter Turku, FC Honka, FC Lahti and HJK Helsinki. These matches were played on 8 and 9 July 2009 except for the match between FC Viikingit and FC Lahti, which took place on August 12 due to Lahti's involvement in the Europa League.

Round 7
This round included the 16 winners of the previous round. These matches were played on 29 and 30 August 2009.

Quarter-finals
This round included the eight winners from the previous round.

Semi-finals
This round included the four quarter-final winners.

Final
The two semi-final winners participated in this match.

References

External links
 Official page
 suomencup.net

Finnish Cup seasons
Finnish Cup
Cup


The Grand Nain banana (also spelled Grande Naine) is a banana cultivar of Musa acuminata. It is one of the most commonly cultivated bananas and a member of the commercial Cavendish banana cultivar group. It is also known as the Chiquita banana because it is the main product of Chiquita Brands International.

Taxonomy

Taxonomically speaking, the Grand Nain is a monocot and belongs to the genus Musa. Species designations are difficult when considering bananas because nearly all banana cultivars are descendants or hybrids of the Musa acuminata or Musa balbisiana, wild species that have been propagated for agricultural use.

The Grand Nain is a cultivar of the Cavendish bananas. This group of bananas is distinguished from other groups by their AAA genotype. The AAA genotype refers to the fact that this group is a triploid variant of the species M. acuminata. There are 33 chromosomes present in the AAA cultivar and all produce seedless fruits through parthenocarpy. This fact means that the plants are spread by conventional vegetative methods and lack sexual reproduction. This lack of genetic diversity makes Grand Nains as well as other AAA cultivars vulnerable to diseases and pests.

The accepted name of Grand Nain is Musa acuminata (AAA Group) 'Grand Nain'.

'Grand Nain' or 'Grand Naine' literally translates from French as "Large Dwarf".

Appearance
The name Grand Nain refers to its relative height compared to other Cavendish cultivars. It is shorter than the Giant Cavendish and taller than the Dwarf Cavendish cultivars. The Grand Nain cannot typically be distinguished from other Cavendish cultivars without growing the plants side by side and comparing the heights. The plant, like other banana plants, is an herbaceous "tree" that produces large oblong leaves. The leaves often become torn or tattered at the ends as a result of mechanical stresses such as wind. Being an angiosperm, the Grand Nain produces large inflorescences that develop into the edible fruit.

Economic relevance
Bananas are ranked as the fourth-most cultivated crop in the world and constitute a significant portion of many populations' caloric intake. While this includes all cultivars, the Grand Nain has become one of the most popular varieties for commercial plantations. Its characteristic medium height and large fruit yields make it ideal for commercial agriculture. The moderate height allows easy harvesting and some resistance to windthrow (plants breaking due to strong winds).  Plantations growing Grand Naines range from the tropical regions of Central America, Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. In many tropical communities, entire local economies are based upon banana production and exportation.

Because of its importance as a staple crop as well as a cash crop, much botanical research has focused around the Grand Nain. Furthermore, its lack of genetic diversity eliminates unwanted experimental variables, thus increasing the validity of observed results. Of particular interest is banana plant sensitivity to aluminum, which slows growth and causes leaf abnormalities. Researchers found that introducing different species of mycorrhizal fungi can increase aluminum toxicity resistance.

Ecological impact
Because bananas are such a large and important crop in many tropical regions, their cultivation has several ecological ramifications, the most obvious of which is the clearing of rainforest.  In the past, these ecological impacts as well as accusations of employee abuse plagued large corporations like Chiquita, Del Monte, and Dole (the three of which control two-thirds of the banana market). Within the past 10 years though, companies like Chiquita have taken steps to improve public relations by introducing more sustainable agricultural techniques. These include the utilization of kidney weed, which discourages weed growth without adversely affecting banana plants. Chiquita has also established a  reserve in Costa Rica and now recycles many waste materials associated with the industry. These efforts have reduced but not eliminated ecological concerns associated with banana plantations.

Issues discussed apply to all banana cultivars commercially farmed of which the Grand Nain constitutes the majority.

See also
 Banana
 Banana cultivar groups
 Cavendish banana subgroup
 Cooking plantain
 Musa
 Musa acuminata

References

Banana cultivars


Khalil Raad (, 1854–1957) was a photographer, known as "Palestine's first Arab photographer." His works include over 1230 glass plates, tens of postcards, and as yet unpublished films that document political events and daily life in Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon over the course of fifty years.

Early life
Raad was born in 1869 in Bhamdoun, Lebanon. His father, Anis, had fled from the family's village of Sibnay after converting to Protestantism from the Maronite faith. During the 1860 sectarian strife afflicting the mountain regions, Raad's father was killed. Following his death, Raad's mother took him and his sister, Sarah, to Jerusalem where they resided with relatives.

Photography and personal life
Raad first studied photography under Garabed Krikorian (see photos), an Armenian-Palestinian graduate of a photography workshop established by Issay Garabedian, the Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem. Raad opened his own studio on Jaffa Road across the street from that of his former teacher in Jerusalem in 1890, engaging in direct competition with him. After Garabed's son John assumed control of his father's studio in 1913 and married Raad's niece, Najla, known as the "peace bride," the two studios worked in partnership.

Raad married Annie Muller in 1919, a Swiss national who served as an assistant to Keller, a photographer who Raad studied with in Switzerland on the eve of World War I. He returned to Palestine with Muller to live in Talibiyya, then a village near Jerusalem in which Raad ran for mayorship and was elected.

Raad continued his photography work, the subject matter of which included political events, daily life, and major archaeological excavations conducted in Palestine. His photography studio was destroyed during Zionist attacks on the city in 1948, and the family was forced to move, going first to Hebron for a few months and then to Raad's village of birth, Bhamdoun. Subsequently, invited to live within the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate by Bishop Ilya Karam, Raad resided there from the end of 1948 until his death in 1957.

Photographic works
Raad's photography documented political events and daily life in Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon over the course of fifty years. He produced over 1230 glass plates which were rescued from his studio during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War by a young Italian friend who crossed no-man's land several times at night. Also in his studio archive were a number of negatives, some of which have yet to be printed. The entire archive was donated to the Institute of Palestine Studies and many of the photographs were published in the work, Before their Diaspora by the Journal of Palestine Studies.

A collection of postcards that bear Raad's signature are held by the Middle East Centre of Oxford University together with 40 prints of Ottoman soldiers in Palestine from World War I. Captioned in English, these photographs "had clearly been intended for use as propaganda by the Ottoman forces," according to Badr al-Hajj. Ruth Raad, Khalil's daughter, said that her father was a friend of the military governor of Syria under Ottoman rule, Jamal Pasha, who facilitated Raad's access to the Egyptian-Palestinian front.

Criticism
Raad also produced postcards for tourists. Modern scholars, such as Annelies Moors, have critiqued his presentation of Palestinian Arabs in this body of work, noting that he "often used biblical connotations that conscribed their lives as static," thus conforming to the Orientalism characterizing Western postcard portrayals of the Other.

Academics who supported Palestinian's national struggle, such as Bader Al Haj, Walid Khalidi and Elias Sanbar saw the photographs that Khalil Raad took showing the life in the country, criticized him saying he was helping the "Zionist" propaganda. Anneliese Moors, a Dutch researcher, said in response to the academics who supported Palestinian's national struggle believes that some of the photographs of Raad had connotations from the Bible or the New Testament which gave it legitimacy to the photographic characters and their lives. But, both her and Rona Sela an Israeli curator, emphasize that Raad first photographed for commercial and tourist purposes. To explain her opinion Rona Sela says that Raad "lacked political awareness" and adapted to the patterns that appeared as stereotypical "colonial", which came as a direct effect from the scriptures of the Christians and Jews. Apart from a few political rallies, the photographer did not specify the conflict between Arabs and Jews in his work which occurred during his years that he was an active photographer.

See also
Karimeh Abbud (1893-1940), Palestinian Arab photographer and artist
Armenians in Israel: Photographers

References

Bibliography

 Hey, there were people here! Museum presents a candid view of early Palestine. By BRETT KLINE   Jerusalem Post Magazine, July 9, 2010
Perspective is everything,  Haaretz Supplement, September 9, 2010
  Chalil Raad, Photographs 1891-1948, Gutman Art Museum, 2010 (curator, book)
Photography, History, Identity By Guy Raz
 Institute for Palestine Studies, Khalil Raad
 This week in Palestine, Khalil Raad
 Rona Sela, Chalil Raad
 Badr al-Hajj, Khalil Raad - Jerusalem Photographer, Institute for Palestine Studies
 Salim Tamari, The War Photography of Khalil Raad: Ottoman Modernity and the Biblical Gaze, Institute for Palestine Studies
 Chalil Raad images at Getty

1854 births
1957 deaths
Palestinian photographers
Photography in Lebanon
Photography in the State of Palestine
Early photographers in Palestine
Palestinologists
Artists from the Ottoman Empire


Cynegeticus (, Kynegetikos "related to hunting" from κυνηγέω "I hunt"), is a treatise by the ancient Greek philosopher and military leader Xenophon, usually translated as "On Hunting" or "Hunting with Dogs."

It is one of the four works by Xenophon on arts or skills (each ends with -ikos/-icus). The other three are: Hipparchicus ("The Skilled Cavalry Commander") Peri Hippikes ("On Horsemanship"), Oeconomicus ("On Estate Management").

Synopsis

Chapter 1
Xenophon begins discussing the importance of hunting and how the gods Apollo and Artemis bestowed game and hounds upon Chiron the gentle centaur who used hunting to teach twenty-one heroes. The heroes mentioned are: Cephalus, Asclepius, Meilanion, Nestor, Amphiaraus, Peleus, Telamon, Meleager, Theseus, Hippolytus, Palamedes, Odysseus, Menestheus, Diomedes, Castor, Polydeuces, Machaon, Podaleirius, Antilochus, Aeneas, and Achilles. Xenophon goes on to describe the excellence of each individual "hero," although many of his reasons are rather awkward upon other instances of them in literature. Hunting, Xenophon claims in the conclusion to the chapter, "are the means by which men become good in war and in all things out of which must come excellence in thought and word and deed" (I.18, E. C. Marchant translation).

Chapter 2
Xenophon attends to the young man who is to hunt and his attire with explanation to each item's purpose, and also the net-keeper who is to assist him, including a brief detail of the net required.

Chapter 3
Xenophon writes concerning the two types of hounds to be used: the Castorian and the Vulpine. He gives extremely detailed descriptions of the temperament of various dogs. Some of the defects in the hounds are due to nature, but they can also be due to bad training.

Chapter 4
The physical characteristics of the superior hound are described, as well as the initial training needed in various seasons for the proper hunting of hares.

Chapter 5
The seasons and the difficulties particular to each of them in the pursuit of hares are presented. Also the physical characteristics and the habits of the hare are analyzed at length.

Chapter 6
Xenophon begins with means of restraining hounds before they are off to hunt, but quickly moves into the early morning preparations for the hunt. Xenophon also discusses how the net-keeper is to prepare himself. Once the hunt has begun and the hunting party has reached a place to find a hare they are to offer a “vow to Apollo and Artemis the Huntress” that they will share their prize with them. It is only now that the hound is to be let loose to find the trail of the hare, which it will pursue when it is found. Once the hunt has begun the huntsman should verbally praise the hound. If the hare is caught in the first attempt the hounds should be brought back in and they should search for another. Otherwise the pursuit has really begun, and Xenophon really makes a game of it with constant verbal remarks towards the hounds. Once the dogs are tired from hunting the huntsman should search on his own.

Chapter 7

In this chapter, Xenophon provides a list of suitable names for hunting dogs. These names are short and reflect virtues of alacrity and steadfastness.

Xenophon next explains how to have the puppies follow the hounds while hunting and eventually let them catch the hare and let them have her. They are to be fed when they are near the nets, so if they are lost they will return to be fed. Eventually the hounds will regard the hare as enemy and the master will feed them himself when this has been accomplished.

Chapter 8
Describes hunting the hare in the snow.

Chapter 9
Xenophon ends the discussion of hunting hares and begins discussing how to hunt fawns, deer, and calves. He also now suggests using the Indian hound because they are larger, quicker, and more courageous. The first mention of traps is discussed when hunting deer, in particular Xenophon mentions the caltrop and discusses a foot-gin at length.

Chapter 10
The game now gets larger and more difficult, requiring many traps including nets, javelins, spears, and caltrops as well as different species of hounds including Indian, Cretan, Locrian, and Laconian. The net now requires fifteen strand ropes rather than the nine strands used for the hares. The boar requires a great deal more effort, and it will become not only a pursuit but a fight. Only now does Xenophon discuss the deaths of many hounds and the risks involved for the hunter.

Chapter 11
Xenophon moves outside of Greece to other countries discussing how they hunt lions, leopards, lynxes, panthers, bears, and other large beasts. The game are frequently poisoned through food or caught with the use of goat as a lure. This is no longer a pursuit, but merely capture.

Chapter 12
Xenophon ends the discussion on the practical side of hunting and explains the benefits of hunting. First he discusses the health benefits of improved sight and hearing, longevity, and lastly that it is the best training for war.

Once he mentions the military he goes on to discuss the benefits of hunting as war training such as the recovery of fellow troops in a difficult area. Xenophon writes, “For men who are sound in body and mind may always stand on the threshold of success” (XII.5). Hunting also “makes men sober and upright … because they are trained in the school of truth” (XII.7). These men can do whatever honorable employment they desire and make good soldiers and generals because they desire virtue.

Xenophon goes on to defend hunting from those who think it causes them to avoid domestic affairs, however he believes that they will instead protect and assist their fellow citizens. He writes, “Those then, who have given themselves up to continual toil and learning hold for their own portion laborious lessons and exercises, but they hold safety for the cities” (XII.15). Toil is required to discover what is good, without such labor they cannot become pious or wise.

Xenophon again mentions Chiron, who he says began teaching lessons in virtue with hunting and it is due to this education that they became honored men. “That all desire Virtue is obvious,” explains Xenophon, “but because they must toil if they are to gain her, the many fall away.” He then turns to the unseen (feminine) form of Virtue who sees all men and honors those who are good to her, “but casts out the bad.”

Chapter 13
Xenophon switches to the discussion of the sophists who teach merely words but not thoughts or deed. (In his Memorabilia he stresses how his teacher Socrates turned men to virtue and then to action.) He complains of the sophists' flourished language without any stress upon bringing their students to virtue. He explains his own objective: “It may well be that I fail to express myself in subtle language, 388 nor do I pretend to aim at subtlety; what I do aim at is to express rightly-conceived thoughts such as may serve the need of those who have been nobly disciplined in virtue; for it is not words and names that give instruction, but thoughts and sentiments worthy the name” (XIII.5). He then writes further about his own writing.

He eventually concludes the work stressing that hunting makes men pious and pleases the gods, “For all men who have loved hunting have been good: and not men only, but those women also to whom the goddess Artemis has given this blessing, Atalanta and Procris and others like them.

Cynegeticon

There is also a much later prose  work of the same name by Arrian, written as a supplement to Xenophon's, specifically to describe hunting with sighthounds Arrian On Coursing,
and Latin poems on various aspects of hunting predominantly with dogs by Grattius and Nemesianus.

This genre of literature, generally about breeding and the care and use of dogs and horses, is known as Cynegeticon or Cynegetica.

References

Translations
William Blane and William Somerville. Cynegetica; Or, Essays on Sporting: Consisting of Observations on Hare Hunting &c. &c., To Which Is Added, The Chase: a Poem. London: Printed for J. Stockdale, 1788. Extracts: Xenophon, §5-7; Arrian §1-22. Google Books
William Dansey. Arrian on Coursing. The Cynegeticus of the Younger Xenophon, Translated from the Greek, with Classical and Practical Annotations, and a Brief Sketch of the Life and Writings of the Author. To Which Is Added an Appendix, Containing Some Account of the Canes Venatici of Classical Antiquity. London: J. Bohn, 1831. archive link
E. C. Marchant. Xenophon. Scripta Minora. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press. 1925. Xenophon only, with other works. Greek and English. Perseus link
Denison Bingham Hull. Hounds and Hunting in Ancient Greece. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964. Contains both Xenophon and Arrian.
A. A. Phillips and Malcolm M. Willcock. Xenophon & Arrian, On hunting (Kynēgetikos). Warminster, Eng: Aris & Phillips, 1999. Greek and English.

External links

Works by Xenophon
Hunting literature


Vitas Gerulaitis was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Björn Borg.

John McEnroe won in the final 7–5, 4–6, 6–2, 7–6 against Borg.

Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.

  Jimmy Connors (semifinals)
  Björn Borg (final)
  John McEnroe (champion)
  Brian Gottfried (quarterfinals)
  Vitas Gerulaitis (semifinals)
  John Alexander (quarterfinals)
  Gene Mayer (quarterfinals)
  Geoff Masters (quarterfinals)

Draw

References
1979 World Championship Tennis Finals Draw (Archived 2009-05-06)

Singles


The Canton of Bulgnéville is a French former administrative and electoral grouping of communes in the Vosges département of eastern France and in the region of Lorraine. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 12 communes, which joined the canton of Vittel in 2015. It had 5,777 inhabitants (2012).

Positioned within the Arrondissement of Neufchâteau, the canton had its administrative centre at Bulgnéville.

Composition
The Canton of Bulgnéville comprised the following 24 communes:

Aingeville
Aulnois
Auzainvilliers
Belmont-sur-Vair
Bulgnéville
Crainvilliers
Dombrot-sur-Vair
Gendreville
Hagnéville-et-Roncourt
La Vacheresse-et-la-Rouillie
Malaincourt
Mandres-sur-Vair
Médonville
Morville
Norroy
Parey-sous-Montfort
Saint-Ouen-lès-Parey
Saint-Remimont
Saulxures-lès-Bulgnéville
Sauville
Suriauville
Urville
Vaudoncourt
Vrécourt

References

Bulgneville
2015 disestablishments in France
States and territories disestablished in 2015


Oudon may refer to:
 Oudon (river), in western France
 Oudon, a commune in western France


Procedures for Underground is a book of poetry written by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. It was published in hardcover by Little, Brown and Company in 1970, and in paperback by both Little, Brown and Company and Oxford University Press, Canada in 1971. The poems of Procedures for Underground explore the territory of the psyche, evoking mythological archetypes, subconscious experience, and personal obsessions. This space of epiphanies and metamorphosis is, for Atwood, the "underground."

References
Google Booksearch Scan of Major Canadian Authors by David Stouck, which references this collection
Quill & Brush - publication information
Fantastic Fiction - publication information
Honnighausen, Lother. “Margaret Atwood’s Poetry 1966–1995” in Margaret Atwood Works and Impact. Toronto: Anansi, 2002, pp 97–119.

External links

1970 poetry books
Poetry by Margaret Atwood
Little, Brown and Company books
Canadian poetry collections


Herbert Palmer (1601–1647) was an English Puritan clergyman, member of the Westminster Assembly, and President of Queens' College, Cambridge. He is now remembered for his work on the Westminster Shorter Catechism, and as a leading opponent of John Milton's divorce tracts.

Early life
He was a younger son of Sir Thomas Palmer, knt. (d. 1625), and grandson of Sir Thomas Palmer (1540–1626) of Wingham, Kent. He was born at Wingham in 1601, and baptised on 29 March. His mother was the eldest daughter of Herbert Pelham of Crawley, Sussex. He learnt French almost as soon as English, and always spoke it fluently.

On 23 March 1616 he was admitted fellow-commoner in St. John's College, Cambridge; he graduated B.A. 1619, M.A. 1622, and was elected fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge on 17 July 1623. He took holy orders in 1624, and proceeded B.D. in 1631. In 1626, on his way to visit his brother, Sir Thomas Palmer, Bart. (d. 1666), at Wingham, he preached at Canterbury Cathedral. The report of his sermon reached the ears of Philip Delme, minister of the French church at Canterbury, who made his acquaintance at Wingham, got him to preach again at St. George's, Canterbury, and made efforts to procure his settlement as lecturer. He was licensed by Archbishop George Abbot for a Sunday afternoon lectureship at St. Alphage's, Canterbury. He acted as a spiritual adviser, and did much religious visiting, though without pastoral charge. Occasionally he preached to the French congregation.

Political career
While strongly opposing the separatist party, he resisted the innovations favoured by William Laud. He was articled for his puritanism, but the prosecution proved abortive. About 1630 the dean, Isaac Bargrave, put down his lectureship, on the ground that he had gone beyond his office by catechising and that his lecture drew 'factious persons' out of other parishes; the lecture was revived in consequence of an influentially signed petition to Abbot. His friends, headed by Thomas Finch, twice tried without success to secure for him a prebend at Canterbury.

On the resignation of Thomas Turner, Laud, then Bishop of London, presented Palmer, at the instance of  'a great nobleman' to the rectory of Ashwell, Hertfordshire, in 1632. Laud, at his trial a decade later, referred to this among other evidences of his impartial patronage of merit; he declined the religious ministrations of Palmer during his imprisonment in the Tower and at the block. In 1632 also, Palmer was made university preacher at Cambridge. At Ashwell he matured his system of catechising, giving prizes of bibles to those who could read, and 5s. to illiterates, on their reaching a proficiency which fitted them for admission to communion. Robert Baillie reckoned Palmer 'the best catechist in England.' He originated the method of breaking up the main answer into preparatory questions, to be answered by 'yes' or 'no.' In 1633 he refused to read the Book of Sports. He got his parishioners to bind themselves against compact against drunkenness and sabbath-breaking. He took in sons of noblemen and gentry as boarders, under a resident tutor. Preaching a visitation sermon at Hitchin in 1638, he spoke freely against 'innovations'.

On 19 July 1642 he was appointed by the House of Commons one of fifteen Tuesday lecturers at Hitchin; and then was appointed an original member of the Westminster Assembly by the ordinance of 12 June 1643. He moved to London, placing Ashwell in charge of John Crow, his half-brother, who became his successor (28 September 1647), and was ejected in 1662. On 28 June 1643 he preached a political sermon before the House of Commons, whose thanks he received through Sir Oliver Luke. He became preacher at St. James's, Duke Place, and afterwards at the 'new church' in the parish of St. Margaret's, Westminster (represented since 1843 by Christ Church, Westminster). He was also one of the seven morning lecturers at Westminster Abbey. On 11 April 1644 he was appointed by Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester as Master of Queens' College, Cambridge, in place of Edward Martin. At the same time the entire fellowship of the college, strongly royalist, was expelled: Martin was already in the Tower of London. Manchester recruited nine new Fellows, seven being from Emmanuel College, Cambridge. In his capacity as President Palmer was a disciplinarian, helped refugee students from Germany and Hungary, and gave benefactions to the college library.

In the Westminster Assembly, of which he was one of the assessors pro tempore in January 1646 and September 1646, he had much to do with the drawing up of the 'directory,' and was anxious for a clause about pastoral visitation, which was not inserted. As regards ordination, he differed both from presbyterians and independents, holding (with Richard Baxter) that any company of ministers may ordain, and that designation to a congregation is unnecessary. He joined John Lightfoot in pleading for private baptism. His chief work was in connection with the assembly's Shorter Catechism, though he did not live till its completion. To him was due the method by which each answer forms a substantive statement, not needing to be helped out by the question.

He died in August or September 1647; he was unmarried  A portrait, in Samuel Clarke's Lives of Thirty-two English Divines (1677) shows an emaciated visage, sunk between his shoulders; he wears moustache and thin beard, skull-cap and ruff with academic gown, and leans on a cushion. Symon Patrick, a friend at college, calls him "a little crooked man", but says he was revered. He left a benefaction for poor scholars at Queens' College.

Works
Since a book by Alexander Grosart in the nineteenth century, a work on the "Christian Paradoxes" has usually been attributed to Palmer; formerly it was considered to be by Francis Bacon. It was printed in 1645 as The Characters of a believing Christian, in Paradoxes and seeming Contradictions. Also from 1645 is a sabbatarian work with Daniel Cawdry.
Lord Bacon not the author of "The Christian paradoxes
https://archive.org/details/lordbaconnotauth00palmer
https://archive.org/details/lordbaconnotauth00palm
https://archive.org/details/lordbaconnotauth00palmiala
https://archive.org/details/ldbaconnotauthor00palmiala
(1865) https://archive.org/details/lordbacon00palmuoft

Notes

References

External links

1601 births
1647 deaths
17th-century English Puritan ministers
English Caroline nonconforming clergy
Presidents of Queens' College, Cambridge
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Westminster Divines


The espantoon is an ornate straight wooden baton, equipped with a long swiveled leather strap for twirling. It originated in, and is still strongly associated with, the Baltimore Police Department, the police department of the city of Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The term is considered distinctly Baltimorean.

The word itself derives from that of the spontoon, a polearm carried by British Army infantry officers during the Revolutionary period. The espantoon has been considered a symbol of the "policeman's office and dignity". Before the advent of police radio, the espantoon was reportedly used by Baltimore policemen to call for assistance, where its user would bang it on the curb or a drainpipe.

In 1994, Thomas C. Frazier took over as Baltimore's police commissioner and banned the espantoon. Frazier, a Californian, believed that the device, and the policemen's twirling of it, was intimidating to the civilian populace. He attempted to replace it with another weapon, the koga baton, much longer at  without a strap or handle. Many officers, however, felt that the koga was cumbersome, difficult to master, and even more dangerous than the espantoon.

In 2000, Edward T. Norris assumed the office of police commissioner and lifted the ban on the espantoon, although he did not mandate its use. The move was made as part of a general effort to boost morale and instill a more aggressive approach to policing in Baltimore. Norris stated, "When I found out what they meant to the rank and file, I said, 'Bring them back.' ... It is a tremendous part of the history of this Police Department."

References

Baltimore Police Department
Clubs (weapon)


The Journal of Immunotoxicology is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes articles in the fields of immunotoxicology, immunology, and toxicology. It is published by Informa.

Aims and scope
The journal publishes findings about the immunomodulating effects, as well as mechanisms of activity, of:
 industrial chemicals
 pharmaceuticals
 environmental contaminants
 food products
 radiation
 stressors

Editor in chief and impact factor
The editor in chief of the Journal of Immunotoxicology is Mitchell D. Cohen (New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States.

According to the Journal Citation Reports it received an impact factor of 2.054, ranking it 55th out of 87 journals in the category "Toxicology".

References

External links

Academic journals established in 2004
Toxicology journals
Immunology journals
Quarterly journals
Taylor & Francis academic journals


Reginald Edward Attache (February 5, 1894 – June 22, 1955), aka Laughing Gas, was a professional American football player who played in the National Football League during the 1922 season for the Oorang Indians. The Indians were a team based in LaRue, Ohio, composed only of Native Americans and coached by Jim Thorpe.

Attache was a Mission Indian who grew up on the Pechanga Indian Reservation in Temecula, California. He attended Sherman Indian High School in Riverside, California, and played college football there.

References

Bibliography

External links
Uniform Numbers of the NFL

Native American players of American football
Oorang Indians players
Sportspeople from Temecula, California
Players of American football from Riverside County, California
1894 births
1955 deaths


Sine populo (Latin for "without the people") is an expression that is used in the Roman Rite liturgy to describe a Mass celebrated by a priest without a congregation.

The present Roman Missal
The revised edition of the Roman Missal that was promulgated by Pope Paul VI in 1969 presented two forms of the Order of Mass: Ordo Missae cum populo and Ordo Missae sine populo. These two terms appear in the official English translation of the Missal, published in 1973, as "Order of Mass with a congregation" and "Order of Mass without a congregation".

The 1970 General Instruction of the Roman Missal dealt with the first of these forms of celebrating Mass under the numbers 77–152, and with the second under the numbers 209–231. The latter section began with the explanation: "This section gives the norms for Mass celebrated by a priest with only one server to assist him and to make the responses."

In the revised and expanded 2002 edition of the General Instruction, the term Missa cum populo remains as the heading for the information given under numbers 115–198, but the other section (numbers 252–272) speaks of Missa cuius unus tantum minister participat (Mass in which only one server participates). Corresponding to the latter form, the Missal presents the Ordo Missae cuius unus tantum minister participat (literally, Order of Mass in which only one server participates).

History
Mass without a congregation was "known until Vatican Council II as Private Mass (Missa privata)".

Josef Andreas Jungmann defined such a Mass as "a Mass celebrated for its own sake, with no thought of anyone participating, a Mass where only the prescribed server is in attendance or even where no one is present, as was the case with the Missa solitaria".

Monastic priests began, by the seventh century, to celebrate such Masses daily, and side altars were added to the churches to facilitate celebration by priests in a low voice and regardless of the presence of a congregation or religious community. Decrees were issued against solitary celebration by the priest alone, requiring the assistance of at least two persons, so as to justify the use of the plural in liturgical formulas such as Dominus vobiscum. This rule was later relaxed to having at least one server, so that the 1917 Code of Canon Law prescribed: "A priest is not to celebrate Mass without a server to assist him and make the responses." Making explicit the canonical principle that a proportionate cause excuses from an ecclesiastical law, the present Code of Canon Law states: "A priest may not celebrate the eucharistic Sacrifice without the participation of at least one of the faithful, unless there is a good and reasonable cause for doing so."

In the 16th century, the Protestant Reformers expressed opposition to any Mass without a congregation, but the Council of Trent defended the then existing practice. Canon 6 of session XXII of this council says: "The sacred and holy Synod would fain indeed that, at each Mass, the faithful who are present should communicate, not only in spiritual desire, but also by the sacramental participation of the Eucharist, ...: but not therefore, if this be not always done, does It condemn, as private and unlawful, but approves of and therefore commends, those Masses in which the priest alone communicates sacramentally."

Since the word "private" could be understood as opposed to public, the Code of Rubrics of Pope John XXIII recommended that the expression "private Mass" be avoided, since every properly celebrated Mass is an act of public worship.

The Second Vatican Council decreed: "It is to be stressed that whenever rites, according to their specific nature, make provision for communal celebration involving the presence and active participation of the faithful, this way of celebrating them is to be preferred, so far as possible, to a celebration that is individual and quasi-private."

Pope Paul VI also wrote that "even if a priest celebrates it privately" a Mass is not private but "an act of Christ and of the Church". The Church no longer uses the term "private Mass", saying instead "Masses celebrated without the people" (In Missis sine populo celebratis).

References

Bibliography
Mary Schaefer and Joanne Pierce, Mass at Which Only One Minister Participates in Edward Foley et alii, A Commentary on the General Instruction of the Roman Missal (Liturgical Press, 2008 , 978-0-8146-6017-1),
Marian Szablewski, Mass without a Congregation: A Sign of Unity or Division? Unum, Cracow, 2004)

Latin liturgical rites
Order of Mass
Latin religious words and phrases


Popolo may refer to :

Defensio pro Populo Anglicano, a Latin polemic by John Milton.
Missa Pro Populo, a term used in liturgical texts and rules of the Catholic Church.
Nossa Senhora do Pópulo, one of the sixteen civil parishes  that make up the municipality of Caldas da Rainha, Portugal.
Populo Church, a Neoclassical church located in Braga, Portugal.
Populo shipwreck, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Miami-Dade County, Florida.


The Centro de Agricultura Tropical Bulbuxyá is an old coffee estate in Guatemala in which there is an Arboretum, in which the land is devoted to agroforestry research. The centre depends on the University of San Carlos of Guatemala and the National Council of Protected Areas (CONAP).

The property is located in the municipality of San Miguel Panán, near San Antonio Suchitepéquez, Suchitepéquez Department, Guatemala.

History
The estate belonged to the Guatemalan writer Flavio Herrera, nicknamed "The Tiger" (the name of his 1934 novel). When he died on January 31, 1968, he donated his house and farm assets to the University of San Carlos of Guatemala for agricultural research.

The Arboretum contains over 100 native and exotic plants.

References

 This article was initially translated from the Spanish Wikipedia.

External links
FAO page

Research institutes in Guatemala


The Portrait of Maria Anna is a 1630 portrait of Maria Anna of Spain by Diego Velázquez. It is now in the Museo del Prado.

It was painted during his three-month stay in Naples on his return to Spain from Naples. It was made prior to its subject's marriage to Ferdinand III of Austria to be taken to Spain as a reminder of her in her absence for her brother Philip IV of Spain (since the time of Charles I of Spain it had been customary for Spanish kings and their relatives to exchange kinship portraits to show their character to others, to demonstrate their appearance in marriage negotiations or simply to remind each other of their appearance). As in his previous portraits, Velázquez paints his subject against a dark background to make the figure stand out, whilst the green suit, grey ruff and hair are all realised in minute detail.

See also
 List of works by Diego Velázquez

External links
Velázquez , exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on this portrait (see index)

Maria Anna
Maria Anna
1630 paintings
Maria Anna
1630s in Spain
Maria Anna


Mohra Sher Shah is a village in District Mirpur (Tehsil Dadyal) of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.

Demography
According to 1998 census of Pakistan, its population was 333.

History
Like many villages in the Muzaffarabad region, many villagers have emigrated to the United Kingdom.

References

Mirpur District
Populated places in Mirpur District