Perumthachan () is a 1991 Indian Malayalam-language period drama film directed by Ajayan and written by M. T. Vasudevan Nair. It is based on Perumthachan of the Parayi Petta Panthirukulam, a legend in the Kerala folklore. The problems caused by the generation gap are explored through the relationship between a skilled carpenter and his tradition-breaking son. The film won the National Film Award for Best First Film of a Director and Filmfare Award for Best Film - Malayalam. It was nominated for the Golden Leopard Award and is now considered as a classic in Malayalam cinema.

Plot
In this Indian story, based on a Kerala legend, a pious and self-disciplined master carpenter of a supposedly mixed-caste, moves easily in his world, building temples and then carving the stone statues which embellish them. He is at home in his traditional world, is at peace with his inner self and the social mores of the time. By way of contrast, he begets a son who is of rebellious nature and questioning of the traditional social hierarchies of the time. He falls in love with the daughter of a royal household which ultimately leads to his demise.

Raman Perumthachan is unsurpassed as a wood-carver, sculptor and architect and his creations were so exquisite that he was regarded a reincarnation of the architect of the gods. He was also a man of great erudition. Though brought up as a carpenter, he was alluded to be the son of a Brahmin. Perumthachan himself doubted this supposition and in one part of the film he smiles approvingly when his son suggests to him that perhaps the made up story about his Brahmanical antecedents was a ruse by the upper castes to lay claim to some of his ability and prestige.

The screenplay begins at dusk with an old ambalavasi trying to light a stone lamp. But due to a strong gust of wind the lamp struggles to remain alight. A man lying in the tanner pandal close by gets up and places a stone slab strategically in such a way  that the path of the wind is breached. He wears a sacred thread(poonool) and hence is mistaken for a Namboodiri. But he tells the ambalavasi that he is no Namboodiri, but a carpenter who had forgotten to remove his thread which he had worn during the construction of a temple. Immediately the ambalavasi recognises that this was no ordinary carpenter but the legendary Perumthachan himself. News spreads about the arrival of Perumthachan.

He meets up with a rich Brahmin who was his childhood friend and who is now the Thampuran of a rich royal household(Kovilakam). He is requested to oversee the construction of the family's shrine and the sculpting of the image of the goddess. The ravishing beauty of the Brahmin householder's wife Bhargavi Thampuratti catches his imagination and he sculpts the face of the goddess in the mould of the Thampuratti. Though a man of principles, Perumthachan feels drawn to the woman whose looks he compares to 'Swayamvara Durga'; but steps back, knowing well the consequences of any indiscretion on his part. This apparent attraction leads to a minor misunderstanding towards  Perumtachan in the mind of the Thampuran and consequently he is not allowed to complete the work on the idol to his satisfaction and is insulted by the Thampuran during the consecration of the idol. Perunthachan leaves the place disillusioned.

Years roll on and his son Kannan has grown into an insightful young man of great charms and talent. Perumthachan is proud of his son's abilities and pleased by his son's growing reputation, but is also worried by his son's tendency to overlook the traditional rules and values of sculptural art and by the strain of unscrupulousness in the son which is a mark of the new, more materialistic and self-centred generation. It is Perumthachan's long cherished wish that he be the one who builds the Saraswati mandapam which Bhargavi Thamburatti had desired for. Kunhikkavu Thamburatti, the daughter agrees to her late mother's wish, but it is Kannan, not Perumthachan, who is called up to do the work. The young man goes to the very household of the same rich Brahmin for whom his father had carved the image of the goddess years ago and designs and supervises the building of the temple. In an ironical repetition of his father's experience, he falls in love with Kunhikkavu. But unlike his father, he does not hold himself back and a scandal erupts in the royal household. The girl's father tells perumthachan that he even wished that kannan died falling off from the construction rather than creating shame to the royal household. Seeing that the scandal is slowly destroying his old patron, the father of the girl, Perumthachan arrives to oversee the construction of the temple. He tries to cajole his son to walk away from his relationship. The son refuses to yield and the distraught Perunthachan, in a final act of desperation, drops his chisel deliberately on his son's neck, killing him during the work of the final touches to the dome of the temple.

Cast
 Thilakan as Raman Perumthachan
 Prashanth as Kannan, Perumthachan's son
 Vinaya Prasad as Bhargavi Thampuratti
 Nedumudi Venu as Unni Thampuran
 Monisha Unni as Kunjikkavu Thamburatti
 Jalaja as Devaki
 Manoj K. Jayan as Thirumangalam Neelakantan Nair
 M.S. Thripunithura as Maani Embrandiri
 Babu Namboothiri as Kesavan
 T. P. Madhavan as Pramani, the village chief
 Kozhikode Narayanan Nair as Nedumbaram Mooss
 Adoor Pankajam as Unnimaya Valyamma
 Prabhakaran as Variar
 Sreelatha Menon as Thozhi
 Kozhikode Sarada as Keshavan's mother

Production
This film was directed by Ajayan with Santosh Sivan as the cinematographer. The story was written by M.T. Vasudevan Nair and the warm background music was composed by Johnson.

M.T. Vasudevan Nair has told this legendary story of the master carpenter with finesse, bringing to mind the old rituals and traditions and a world since long forgotten. He systematically builds up the suspense until ultimately the ending comes upon you surprisingly, almost shockingly, leaving you cold and unbelieving. In the afterword to his book The Master Carpenter, M. T. Vasudevan Nair wrote that Ajayan first approached him for a screenplay of his story Manikkakkallu. That did not materialise and later he approached with another dream project Perumthachan. In the end of the afterword, M. T. thanks Ajayan for persuading him to write screenplay for Perumthachan.

Awards
The film won Filmfare Award for Best Film - Malayalam received by G. Jayakumar
National Film Award for Best Cinematography was won by Santhosh Sivan

References

External links

1990 films
1990s Malayalam-language films
Films with screenplays by M. T. Vasudevan Nair
Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography National Film Award
Best Debut Feature Film of a Director National Film Award winners
Films scored by Johnson


Roxar RMS is a reservoir characterization and modeling software suite. It is primarily designed for use in the oil and gas industry, helping engineers gather data from a wide variety of sources to efficiently build reliable reservoirs.

History

1987 - Geomatic begins distribution of the first version of the IRAP software.
1994 - IRAP becomes IRAP RMS, the industry’s first 3D modelling package.
1995 - Smedvig Technologies, later known as Roxar AS, acquires Geomatic AS and ODIN Reservoir Software. Smedvig’s analysis and processing software, ResView, ODIN's tool for stochastic reservoir modelling, STORM, and Geomatic's IRAP reservoir modelling software merge into IRAP RMS, later renamed to Roxar RMS.
2009 - Roxar is acquired by Emerson, St.Louis USA and becomes part of a USD 28 billion company.

Versions

RMS 6
In RMS 6.0, STORM’s stochastic modelling was merged with structure and fault modelling capabilities. Also introduced was the 'Workflow Manager' tool, which allows users to build and update reservoir models quickly.

RMS 7
RMS 7.0 was the first RMS version to have native Windows compatibility.

New modules in RMS 7

RMS 8
RMS 8.0 was released in November 2006.

RMS 9
RMS 9.0 was released on 17 October 2007.

RMS 2009
RMS 2009, released on 4 February 2009, had a new user interface. Other key features of the release included improved structural modelling, data import and a new local model update module. It also introduced real-time well monitoring.

RMS 2010
RMS 2010 was released in February 2010. RMS 2010 included major improvements across the entire workflow, with a wide-ranging makeover of the well correlation tools, new model building and property modelling tools and improved 3D gridding and better communication with external simulators.

RMS 2011
RMS 2011 was released in May 2011. RMS 2011 included more new features than any previous RMS version and provided modellers with enhancements to the seismic architecture to allow direct reference between the reservoir models and the 3D and 4D seismic data that the interpretation and modelling is based on. Key highlights of RMS 2011 included new tools to model complex geologies and incorporate 4D seismic into the workflow; geological well correlation improvements; new fracture modelling capabilities; and usability and integration features that made RMS 2011 even more accessible and easy to use, while at the same time realistically modelling some of the world’s most complex geologies.

RMS 2012
RMS 2012 was released in March 2012 and came with new seismic inversion, seismic attributes, and field planning capabilities to help operators generate more accurate and realistic reservoir models and increase recovery rates. It was the last RMS version to support both 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.

RMS 2013
RMS 2013 was released on 26 November 2013 for 64-bit Windows and Linux platforms. It came with model driven interpretation capabilities and new solutions for seismic interpretation, tightly linked to geological model building, providing users with a full seismic to simulation workflow. It also included a new tool to support structural uncertainty workflows, as well as new upscaling tools where transmissibility calculations and fault seal modelling can be performed using the geo model instead of the traditional approach based on the flow model.

RMS 2013.1
RMS 2013.1 was released on 3 June 2015. It included improvements in uncertainty management, greater support for larger models, faster modeling and enhanced interoperability with other applications.

RMS 10
RMS 10 was released on 2 December 2016. It provided significant improvements in seismic interpretation, structural and property modeling and reservoir engineering as well as further automation supporting Big Loop for reliable production forecasting. It also included Roxar API, a new extensibility and interoperability solution based on Python.

RMS 10.1
RMS 10.1 was released on 2 June 2017.

See also
Petrel (reservoir software)

References

External links
- RMS Software Releases
- Roxar Reservoir Management Software

Geology software


Rudolf Miethig (17 October 1921 – 10 June 1943) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II, a fighter ace credited with 101 aerial victories—that is, 101 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft. All of his victories were claimed over the Soviet Air Forces in an unknown number of combat missions.

Born in Zwickau, Miethig was trained as a fighter pilot and posted to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52–52nd Fighter Wing) in early 1941. Fighting on the Eastern Front, he claimed his first aerial victory on 14 November 1941 during Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. In July 1942, Miethig was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 3. Staffel (3rd squadron) of JG 52. Three months later, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 29 October 1942. On 8 June 1943, Miethig was credited with his 100th aerial victory. Two days later, he was killed in action following a mid-air collision with an enemy aircraft over the Kuban bridgehead.

Career
Miethig, who was born on 17 October 1921 in Zwickau, volunteered for service in the Luftwaffe in 1939. Following flight training, he was transferred to the 3. Staffel (3rd squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) in the spring of 1941. At the time the Staffel was commanded by Oberleutnant Helmut Kühle who was replaced by Oberleutnant Helmut Bennemann on 27 April. I. Gruppe (1st group) of JG 52 to which 3. Staffel was subordinated was headed by Hauptmann Wolfgang Ewald at the time. Until 21 February, the entire I. Gruppe was based at an airfield at Katwijk in the Netherlands where it was tasked with patrolling the Dutch coast area and German Bight, the three Staffeln were then deployed at various airfields on the Dutch, German and Danish North Sea coast.

On 25 May, I. Gruppe was placed under the command of Hauptmann Karl-Heinz Leesmann. On 23 September, I. Gruppe was withdrawn from the Western Front and was sent to the Eastern Front where it would be based at an airfield at Ponyatovka, located approximately  southwest of Roslavl.

War against the Soviet Union

On 22 June, German forces had launched Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. Pror to its deployment on the Eastern Front, I. Gruppe was fully equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-2. The Gruppe reached Orsha on 27 September before heading to Ponyatovka on 2 October. There, the Gruppe was initially subordinated to the Stab (headquarters unit) of Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing) and supported German forces fighting in the Battle of Vyazma  as part of Operation Typhoon, the code name of the German offensive on Moscow. On 20 October, the Gruppe moved to an airfield named Kalinin-Southwest, present-day Tver, and located on the Volga, and to Staritsa on 31 October and then to Ruza located approximately  west of Moscow on 3 November. Here, Miethig claimed his first aerial victory, a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-1, on 14 November 1941 and his second victory, an I-61 fighter, an early German designation for the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3, on 27 November. The failed assault on Moscow forced I. Gruppe to retreat to an airfield at Dugino, present-day Novodugino, on 15 December where they stayed until 31 January 1942. Here, Miethig claimed a Polikarpov R-5 reconnaissance bomber on 28 January.

On 1 February. I Gruppe was withdrawn from combat operations and was moved to Smolensk and then further west to Orsha. From 8 to 12 February the Gruppe took a train to Jesau near Königsberg, present-day Kaliningrad in Russia, for a period of recuperation and replenishment where they received new Bf 109 F-4 aircraft. The Gruppe was ordered to Olmütz, present-day Olomouc in Czech Republic on 11 April. On 17 May, I. Gruppe relocated to Artyomovsk, present-day Bakhmut. From Artyomovsk, JG 52 supported the German forces fighting in the Second Battle of Kharkov. On 24 May, the Gruppe was ordered to relocate to Barvinkove located approximately  west of Sloviansk. Here, Miethig claimed four further aerial victories by the end of May, including a Petlyakov Pe-2 bomber on 26 May, a MiG-1 fighter and an Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft on 29 May, and another Il-2 ground-attack aircraft on 31 May.

On 1 June, the Gruppe then moved to an airfield at Grakowo, located approximately halfway between Kharkov and Kupiansk. On 13 June, Miethig claimed two Yakovlev Yak-1 fighters shot down. The next day, Bennemann replaced Leesmann, who was transferred, as Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of I. Gruppe of JG 52. In consequence, command of 3. Staffel was passed on to Leutnant Karl Rüttger. Miethig claimed a Soviet flown Hawker Hurricane fighter on 23 June followed by a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighter the next day. Two days later, the Gruppe moved to an airfield at Bilyi Kolodyaz, approximately  southeast of Vovchansk. On 28 June, German forces had launched Case Blue, the strategic summer offensive in southern Russia. The next day, he claimed another Hurricane fighter followed by a LaGG-3 fighter on 30 June. On 1 July, I. Gruppe flew missions from Shchigry located  east-northeast from Kursk.

Squadron leader
On 2 July, Miethig was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of the 3. Staffel of JG 52. He replaced Rüttger who had become a prisoner of war after he made a forced landing behind enemy lines near Kruty the day before. On 3 July, the Gruppe moved to a forward airfield near the village Novy Grinev located approximately  south-southwest from Novy Oskol and to Artyomovsk on 9 July. During this period, Miethig had claimed a Hurricane fighter on 4 July and a R-5 reconnaissance bomber on 8 July. On 10 July, Miethig claimed a MiG-1 fighter. According to Obermaier, Miethig had been awarded the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe () on 6 July. Patzwall however dates the presentation of Honor Goblet on 19 October. On 2 August, I. Gruppe was ordered to Kerch on the Kerch Peninsula. At the time, the Gruppe was moved around as a kind of fire brigade, deployed in areas where the Soviet Air Forces was particular active. The Gruppe then moved to Oryol on 15 August. There, Miethig claimed an I-180 fighter, a designation for the Yakovlev Yak-7, on 18 August and two Pe-2 bombers on 23 August.

The following day, I. Gruppe moved to Dedjurewo near Rzhev in the central sector of the Eastern Front where the Gruppe was subordinated to Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing), fighting in the Battle of Rzhev. On 29 October 1942, Miethig and Leutnant Walter Krupinski from 6. Staffel were awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (). On 8 June 1943, Miethig was credited with his 100th aerial victory. He was the 41st Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.

Miethig was killed in a crash following combat with Yak-1 fighters on 10 June 1943 roughly  north-east of Krymskaya, over the Kuban bridgehead. Miethig, flying Bf 109 G-2 (Werknummer 14 602—factory number), had shot down one of the Yak-1 fighters and collided with his crashing opponent. Miethig was posthumously awarded the German Cross in Gold () as well as posthumously promoted to Hauptmann (captain). Leutnant Johann-Hermann Meier temporarily was given command of 3. Staffel until Hauptmann Erich Schreiber was officially appointed Staffelkapitän on 15 July.

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims
According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Miethig was credited with 101 aerial victories. Schreier and Spick also list Miethig with 101 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number of combat missions. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and state that Miethig was credited with 100 aerial victories, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 47852". The Luftwaffe grid map () covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about . These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area  in size.

Awards
 Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 19 October 1942 as Leutnant and pilot
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 29 October 1942 as Staffelführer and Leutnant of the 3./Jagdgeschwader 52
 German Cross in Gold on 19 January 1944 (posthumously) as Hauptmann in the 3./Jagdgeschwader 52

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

1921 births
1943 deaths
People from Zwickau
Luftwaffe pilots
German World War II flying aces
Luftwaffe personnel killed in World War II
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Military personnel from Saxony


KRGS (690 AM) is a radio station licensed to Rifle, Colorado, United States.  The station is owned by Western Slope Communications, LLC. The station has applied for a construction permit from the Federal Communications Commission to move to a new transmitter site, increase day power to 2,300 watts and increase night power to 16 watts.

The station was received via skywave in Laramie, Wyoming.

History
The station was assigned the call letters KWWS on April 4, 1987. On September 27, 1989, the station changed its call sign to KKGD and on April 21, 1994, to the current KRGS.

References

External links

RGS
ESPN Radio stations
Radio stations established in 1987


Dikko is a surname. It may refer to:

People
Middle name
Mohammed Dikko Abubakar, Nigerian policeman and former Inspector General of Police
Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu, also known as MD Yusufu or MD Yusuf (1931–2015), Nigerian policeman, Inspector General of the Nigerian Police Force, public servant and politician

Surname
Abdullahi Dikko (born 1960), Nigerian Comptroller-General of Nigerian Customs Service
R.A.B. Dikko (1912–1977), Nigerian doctor and commissioner
Muhammadu Dikko (1865-1944), the 47th "Sarki" (Emir) of Katsina (1906-1944)
Umaru Dikko (1936–2014), Nigerian politician and minister, exiled in UK, subject of kidnapping attempt known as the Dikko Affair
Umar dikko raddah(born 10 september 1969) politician, current Governor of Katsina state
Russel Aliyu Barau dikko(born in 1912) medical doctor

See also
Dikko affair, joint Nigerian-Israeli attempt to kidnap UK-based Umaru Dikko, Nigerian former minister in 1984, and secretly transport him back to Nigeria in a diplomatic bag


KGLN (980 AM) is a radio station  broadcasting a news/talk format. Licensed to Glenwood Springs, Colorado, United States, the station is owned by MBC Grand Broadcasting.

On November 27, 2007, Colorado West Broadcasting, Inc. sold KGLN to current owner MBC Broadcasting for $250,000.

References

External links

GLN
News and talk radio stations in the United States


The Treasurer of Western Australia is the title held by the Cabinet Minister who is responsible for the management of Western Australia's public sector finances, and for preparing and delivering the annual State Budget. With only rare exceptions, until 2001, the position of Treasurer was usually held by the Premier of Western Australia.

Up until the government of Philip Collier in 1924, the position was called Colonial Treasurer.

List of treasurers of Western Australia

References

Western Australia

Western Australia-related lists


KCRN (1120 kHz) is an AM radio station licensed to Limon, Colorado, and serving East Central Colorado. The station is owned by Catholic Radio Network, Inc.  It airs a Catholic radio format, mostly carrying talk and teaching programs from the EWTN Radio Network.  Programming is simulcast on KRCN in Longmont, Colorado, serving the Denver metropolitan area.

By day, KCRN broadcasts at 50,000 watts, the maximum power for most AM radio stations in the U.S.  The high power and directional antenna allow KCRN to be heard in Denver and Colorado Springs.  Because AM 1120 is a clear channel frequency reserved for Class A KMOX in St. Louis, KCRN must leave the air at night when radio signals travel farther.

The transmitter is on Route 86 in Simla, about 25 miles west of Limon.  KCRN is also heard on 250-watt FM translator station K272FP at 102.3 MHz in Black Forest, Colorado, serving Colorado Springs.

History
The station signed on the air on May 4, 1984.  Because it was in Limon, Colorado, the owners chose the call sign KLIM.  It was owned by the Robad Broadcasting Company, airing a country music format, with news from AP Radio.  For its first three decades, it was powered at just 250 watts, heard only in Limon and adjacent communities.

The station had financial problems in the 1990s.  Roger L. Hoppe II was named the receiver in 1996, buying KLIM for only $8,000.  In the early 2000s, the station was dark for some time.

On April 13, 2016, KLIM was granted a Federal Communications Commission construction permit to move to a new transmitter site, increase the daytime power to 50,000 watts and add critical hours service with 3,000 watts. The day and critical hours transmitter sites would be different. On March 10, 2017, an application was filed to modify the construction permit. The 50 kW transmitter site was changed and there would be no critical hours service.

The application was accepted for filing on March 24, 2017.

KLIM was acquired by the Catholic Radio Network in 2018, changing the call letters to KCRN to match the organization's initials.  The new 50,000-watt transmitter went on the air, with an FM translator at 102.5 in Black Forest, Colorado, giving KCRN coverage in the growing Colorado Springs radio market.

References

External links

Catholic radio stations
CRN (AM)
Radio stations established in 1984
1984 establishments in Colorado
CRN (AM)


Penang is a state in Malaysia.

Penang may also refer to:

Places
 Penang Island
 Penang International Airport
 Penang Bridge

Others
 Penang FA, a football club based in George Town, Penang, Malaysia
 Penang (restaurant chain)
 Penang Hokkien, a dialect of Hokkien spoken in the district of Penang, Malaysia
 Phanaeng, a type of red Thai curry

See also
 Penan, aboriginal people in Brunei


The Paisley Park Soccer Complex in Altona North, Victoria, provides the facilities for local soccer club Altona Magic, who play in National Premier Leagues Victoria and are supported by the Macedonian Australian community. The stadium has a capacity of 5,000 spectators. The Altona East Phoenix, who currently participate in the Victorian State League Division 1 N/W, also share the facilities, and are predominantly backed by the local Greek Australian community.

The complex was established in 1975 by the City of Hobsons Bay Council, and upgraded in 2005. This gave Altona Magic new clubrooms, and allowed space for the Altona East Phoenix move in. Their facilities are side-by-side, separated by a folding wall, allowing the space to be expanded, which can cater for 200 people.

External links
Altona Magic SC

Soccer venues in Melbourne
Buildings and structures in the City of Hobsons Bay
Sport in the City of Hobsons Bay


This is a list of venues used for professional baseball in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The information is a synthesis of the information contained in the references listed.

Note: Allegheny, Pennsylvania, the "North Side", was a separate city until 1908. The ball club changed its formal name from "Allegheny" to "Pittsburg(h)" in 1887, although the team remained physically located in the city of Allegheny.

Recreation Park
Home of:
Allegheny - Independent (1876), joined International Association (1877–1878)
Allegheny/Pittsburgh - American Association (1884–1886), moved to National League (1887–1890)
Also used as a neutral site for one game in the 1885 World Series and one game in the 1887 World Series
Pittsburgh Keystones - National Colored Base Ball League (1887 only)
Location: buildings and Allegheny Avenue (west, third base); Pennsylvania Avenue (north, left field); Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway (now Norfolk Southern Fort Wayne Line) (northeast, center field); buildings and Grant (now Galveston) Avenue (east, right field); Boquet (now Behan) Street (south, first base)
Currently: Businesses

Exposition Park
Home of:
Pittsburgh Stogies - Union Association (1884)
Pittsburgh Burghers - Players' League (1890)
Allegheny - American Association (1882–1883)
Pittsburgh Pirates - National League (1891 – mid-1909)
Pittsburgh - Pennsylvania State League (1892)
Pittsburgh Stogies/Rebels - Federal League (1913 as minor league, 1914–1915 as major league)
Location: South Avenue (north, first base) - corresponds to the current General Robinson Street; School Avenue (later Scotland Avenue, now Tony Dorsett Drive) (east, third base); railroad tracks and Allegheny River (south, left field) - just east of the future site of Three Rivers Stadium
Currently: Parking lot for Heinz Field

Forbes Field
Home of:
Pittsburgh Pirates - NL (mid-1909 to mid-1970)
Homestead Grays - Negro leagues (1922–1939)
Pittsburgh Crawfords - Negro leagues (1933–1938)
Location: Oakland district - Boquet (Bouquet) Street (southwest, first base); Sennott Street (northwest, third base), originally labeled Louisa Street; Joncaire Street (south, right field); Schenley Park (northeast, left/center fields)
Currently: Park and buildings for University of Pittsburgh

Ammon Field aka Ammons Field
Home of:
Pittsburgh Crawfords - Negro leagues (1920s and 1930s)
Homestead Grays - Negro leagues
Location: 2217 Bedford Avenue (south); Somers Drive (east)
Currently: playground and Josh Gibson Field diamonds

Central Park aka Central Amusement Park
Home of Pittsburgh Keystones - Negro National League (1921-1922)
Location: Humber Way, buildings, Wylie Avenue (north/northwest, third base); buildings and Junilla Street (northeast/east, left field); Hallett Street (southeast/south, right field); Chauncey Street (southwest/west, first base) - location listed in newspapers as Wylie and Chauncey
Currently: public park

Greenlee Field
Home of: Pittsburgh Crawfords - Negro leagues (1932–1938)
Location: 2501 Bedford Avenue (south, first base); Municipal Hospital (now Garden of Hope) (east, right field)
Currently: Bedford Dwellings housing project

Three Rivers Stadium
Home of: Pittsburgh Pirates - NL (mid-1970 – 2000)
Location: 600 Stadium Circle
Currently: Parking lot for Heinz Field

PNC Park
Home of: Pittsburgh Pirates - NL (2001–present)
Location: 115 Federal Street - Federal Street (east, left field); General Robinson Street (north, third base); Mazeroski Way (west, first base); North Shore Trail and Allegheny River (south, right field)

See also
Lists of baseball parks

Sources
Peter Filichia, Professional Baseball Franchises, Facts on File, 1993.
Phil Lowry, Green Cathedrals,  several editions.
Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America, McFarland, 1989.
Baseball Memories, by Marc Okkonen, Sterling Publishing, 1992.

Pittsburgh

Baseball venues in Pennsylvania
Baseball
baseball parks


KBS Hall is a concert hall in the Korean Broadcasting System headquarters located in Yeouido, Seoul in South Korea.

Events
2012
ABU TV Song Festival 2012 — October 14

2018
Astro: The 2nd ASTROAD to Seoul [STAR LIGHT] — December 22-23

2022
Golden Child: 2022 Golden Child Concert - Play — February 5-6
WEi: 2022 WEi Concert [First Love] — April 16-17
Fromis 9: 2022 fromis_9 Concert <Love From.> — September 30 and October 1-2

2023
Nightwish: Human. :II: Nature. World Tour — January 23
Itzy: ITZY The 2nd Fan Meeting "ITZY, MIDZY, Let's Fly! To Wonder World" — February 19
2023 League of Legends World Championship (Swiss Stage) — October 19-29

External links
Official Site

Theatres in South Korea
Concert halls in South Korea
Korean Broadcasting System
Music venues in Seoul
Music venues completed in 1991


KNEC is an adult contemporary formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Yuma, Colorado, serving Western Yuma County and Eastern Washington County in Colorado.  KNEC is owned and operated by Media Logic, LLC.

References

External links
Yuma's 100.9 Online

1999 establishments in Colorado
Mainstream adult contemporary radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1999
NEC


The Newcastle Flyer was an Australian passenger express train that operated from November 1929 until April 1988 connecting New South Wales' two largest cities, Sydney and Newcastle.

Early history
On 1 May 1889, the first trains began running between Sydney and Newcastle. However, it was not until November 1929, with the pending completion of the Pacific Highway, that a premier express service was introduced. Two trains named the Inter City Express and the Northern Commercial Limited were introduced taking 2 hours 45 minutes to cover the 168 kilometres. These were hauled by a selected group of 32 class locomotives. The newly refurbished L type carriages were painted in a dedicated red and cream livery and from 1933, the locomotives were painted maroon.

The 36 class hauled trains
In late 1934, brand new 36 class locomotives were introduced along with refurbished Pullman carriages. In September 1936, the Northern Commercial Limited was renamed the Newcastle Express and in April 1937, the first non-stop service was introduced with a journey time of 2 hours 20 minutes. In April 1939, brand new NCR rolling stock was introduced. A coal miners strike saw Silver City Comet diesel rolling stock operate the services in 1940.

The 38 class hauled trains
In January 1943, the first 38 class locomotive entered service. Although 3801 first worked a Newcastle Flyer service in February 1943, it would not be until May 1944 that they were regularly introduced and even then they continued to share the duties with the 36 class locomotives for another three years. From July 1945 a third daily service was introduced with all services now operating as the Newcastle Express. From November 1947 all services were operated by 38 class locomotives with a fastest journey time of 2 hours 18 minutes.

In April 1948, air-conditioned HUB set rolling stock was introduced to the service replacing N type steel carriages. The Newcastle Flyer was the last express train in Australia to be worked by steam locomotives. This came to an end on 29 December 1970 when 3820 hauled the final steam powered service.

Diesel and electric hauled trains
From January 1956, the Newcastle Flyer was sometimes hauled by diesel locomotives, but the 38 class remained the usual motive power. When electrification to Gosford was completed in January 1960, the trains were usually hauled between Sydney and Gosford by a 46 class, with normally a 38 class locomotive north of Gosford until diesels took over from 1970. Following the line through to Newcastle being electrified from June 1984, the more modern 86 class began operating the services throughout although 46 class locomotives occasionally appeared.

Demise
With electrification the V sets began operating most services between Sydney and Newcastle. Given their superior speed and level of comfort, it was inevitable that demand for the Newcastle Flyer would decrease. From early 1985, the sets were reduced from seven to five carriages and from March 1986, first class accommodation was removed. By November 1987, only the morning Sydney bound and evening return remained and these ceased on 8 April 1988, replaced by unnamed V set services.

Revival
In January 1992, in the CityRail timetable, a morning Sydney bound and evening return V set service were called the Newcastle Flyer. The name was dropped from the November 1996 timetable.

In November 2017, nearly 3 years after the truncation of the line to Newcastle, a timetable change brought a new Sydney-Newcastle fast service which would depart a newly built Newcastle Interchange at 5:03am and arrive at Central at 7:26am. The return service departed Central at 3:45pm and arrived at Newcastle Interchange at 6:12pm. These new services removed major stops such as Fassifern and Cardiff from the service. Though not nicknamed the Newcastle flyer, these trains took 2 hours, 23 minutes and 2 hours, 27 minutes respectively, making them the fastest services to date. In 2018, a timetable change reinstated the stops at Fassifern and Cardiff, with the morning service departing Newcastle Interchange 1 minute earlier at 5:02am and the afternoon service departing Central 5 minutes later at 3:50pm, though the afternoon service journey times remain unchanged. These services are currently operated by H set Oscars.

Speed record
On 28 June 1964, 3801 hauled a train similar to the late-1940s Newcastle Flyer in a successful attempt to break the Sydney to Newcastle rail record, until then held by a 36 class engine testing for a speed-up of the express in 1938. 3801 established a new record of 2 hours, 1 minute and 51 seconds for the 167 kilometres, and possibly could have made it in a flat two hours except for congestion when the train approached Newcastle Terminal. In October 1988, an XPT shaved 6 minutes and four seconds off the record.

Heritage trains
With the history surrounding one of Australia's most famous named steam services, steam hauled charters often operated between Sydney and Newcastle marketed under the Newcastle Flyer banner with preserved steam locomotives of all three steam classes having operated services. In November 1979, 3214 hauled two excursions to Newcastle to mark the service's 50th anniversary. After their return to service in 1982 and 1986 respectively, 3642 and 3801 operated numerous tours. With the truncation of the Newcastle line to Newcastle Interchange, the final Newcastle Flyer steam special to the original Newcastle railway station operated in October 2014 with 3642.

In October 2022, 3801 hauled a special train from Sydney's Central railway station to the new interchange built at Wickham. This is the first time 3801 has hauled the Newcastle Flyer to the new interchange and 3801’s first visit to Newcastle since 2008.

References

Discontinued railway services in Australia
Named passenger trains of New South Wales
Railway services introduced in 1929
Railway services discontinued in 1988
1929 establishments in Australia
1988 disestablishments in Australia


Visvanatha Kanakasabhai Pillai (1855–1906) was an Indian lawyer, historian and Dravidologist of Sri Lankan Tamil descent. He was the first person to attempt a chronology of ancient Tamil Nadu. He was also one of the first people to deduce the references to a long-submerged legendary continent, Kumari Kandam, in texts such as Silappadhikkaram.

Ancestry

Kanakasabhai was born in Madras Presidency in 1855. His ancestors hailed from Mallakam, Jaffna in Ceylon. Kanakasabhai's father V.Visvanatha Pillai, author of Tamil-English dictionary, from Mallakam.

Early life and education

Kanakasabhai graduated in arts from Presidency College, Madras and joined the Indian Postal Service.

Kanakasabhai was a lawyer but developed a keen interest in Tamil history and after practising for a few years, he left the profession and became a full-time historian.

Kumari Kandam

From 1895 onwards, Kanakasabhai published a series of articles in the Madras Review about a long-submerged land that lay to the south of Cape Comorin. These theories of his were based on ancient Tamil and Buddhist sources. These papers were subsequently published in his book The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago.

Three years later, in an editorial in the Siddhanta Deepika, Nallaswami Pillai hinted that Lemuria was the long lost land of Kumari Kandam.

The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years ago

In 1904, Kanakasabhai published his magnum opus, The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago. Dedicated to Sir S. Subramania Iyer, the book was made up of sixteen chapters, each of which examined the life, culture, geography, trade, religion and philosophy of the ancient Tamil country based on the descriptions in two ancient Sangam epics, the Silappatikaram and the Manimekalai. The book is considered to be a classic and as one of the first notable efforts to research the history of Sangam period Tamil Nadu.

Kanakasabhai postulated entirely new pathbreaking theories in his book.  He was the first person to suggest the existence of a Kumari Kandam based on his reading of the Silappatikaram. He also claimed that the Tamils were originally settlers from Bengal and that the word "Tamil" itself was derived from the ancient port of Tamralipta. He postulated a new theory that the Dravidian upper classes originally hailed from Mongolia.

Kanakasabhai was the first historian to attempt a systematic chronology of Tamil history. Kanakasabhai believed that the Sangam age might have flourished even in the 2nd century AD. He based these claims on the Gajabahu synchronism proposed by Seshagiri Sastriyar.The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago also had anti-Brahminical overtones. Kanakasabhai accused Tholkappiyar of a conscious attempt to "foist caste system on the Tamils".

Criticism

Kanakasabhai's claims of Mongolian origin for Tamils and the relation of the word "Tamil" with Tamralipti have invited sharp criticism from contemporary historians. At the Madras Presidency College lectures in 1896, a European said that Kanakasabhai's claims demonstrated the  "comparative worthlessness of Hindu history".

Works

Notes

External links
The Tamils Eighteen Hundred Years Ago. Full text in wikisource
Books of V. Kanakasabhai at the Noolagam project

1855 births
1906 deaths
Dravidologists
19th-century Indian historians
Historians from British India
People from the Madras Presidency
Indian people of Sri Lankan descent
Presidency College, Chennai alumni
Sri Lankan Hindus
20th-century Indian historians


The Leuser Ecosystem is an area of forest located in the provinces of Aceh and North Sumatra on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. Covering more than 2.6 million hectares it is one of the richest expanses of tropical rain forest in Southeast Asia and is the last place on earth where the Sumatran elephant, rhino, tiger and orangutan are found within one area. It has one of the world's richest yet least-known forest systems, and its vegetation is an important source of Earth's oxygen.

Geography

The ecosystem stretches from the coast of the Indian Ocean to the Malacca Straits. It encompasses two vast mountain ranges including Mount Leuser that reaches 3455m, two major volcanoes, three lakes and more than nine major river systems. As well as providing habitats for a number of endangered wildlife species, the ecosystem acts as a life support for approximately four million people who live around it by providing a steady supply of water, soil fertility, flood control, climate regulation and pest mitigation.

Ecology

The ecosystem is home to the largest remaining populations of the Sumatran tiger, Sumatran elephant, Sumatran rhino and the Sumatran orangutan. There are at least 130 species of mammals within the ecosystem which means that one in 32 of the world's mammals are found there, or one quarter of Indonesia's mammals. Primates residing within the ecosystem include the white-handed gibbon, the siamang, macaques, the loris and the lutung. Leuser is home to as many as seven species of cats including the clouded leopard, the Asian golden cat, and the spotted linsang. The sun bear is quite common within the boundaries of the ecosystem.

The most common herbivores found in Leuser are the deer which include the sambar, the muntjac and the mouse deer. Among the largest reptiles found in Leuser are the turtles and tortoises. The most venomous are the snakes which include the king cobra and pythons that can reach up to ten meters in length. Monitor lizards, skinks, geckos and a variety of frogs are also common. At least 325 species of birds have been recorded in the ecosystem with at least eight species endemic to Sumatra. This rich diversity of bird species includes: bee-eaters, flycatchers, flowerpeckers, honeyguides, kingfishers, spiderhunters, woodpeckers, barbets, babblers, broadbills, bulbul, drongos, hornbills, magpies, minvets, myna, orioles, robins, shamas, shrikes, swallows, swifts, thrushes, treepies, trogons, warblers, weavers, whistlers, white-eyes, leafbirds, sunbirds, tailorbirds, fantail, forktails, needletails, wagtails, doves, pigeons, quails, partridges, pheasants, cuckoos, parakeets, parrots, bitterns, herons, finfoots, ducks, snipes, sandpipers, waders, falcons, hawks, nightjars, owls, serpent eagles, hawk eagles, fish eagles, sea eagles, and many more.

The Leuser Ecosystem comprises one of the remaining examples of Indo-Malayan (Malesian) vegetation communities, with an estimated 45% of the approximately 10,000 recorded plant species. In general the ecosystem can be characterised as a montane rainforest community. However, the typical vegetation type up to an altitude of 600 metres is moist tropical lowland forest characterised by multi-layered stories with emergent trees reaching between 45 and 60 metres in height and high densities of fruit tree species. The large variety of tree species found in Leuser represent virtually all life-strategies of trees, from root flowering and trunk flowering to common twig flowering types. Among the most important and impressive trees are the several species of strangling fig. The largest flower on earth; the parasitic Rafflesia is a relatively common in the ecosystem.

Recent history

As a result of the peace agreement between the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and the central government of Indonesia, Aceh was awarded a significant level of autonomy over its natural resources, including the right to govern the Leuser Ecosystem. Irwandi Yusuf, the current Governor of Aceh, established Badan Pengelola Kawasan Ekosistem Leuser (BPKEL)  to govern the Leuser Ecosystem and coordinate wildlife management in Aceh. The local Aceh government has introduced a land development plan that would open up an estimated 1.2 million hectares of the forest reserve’s 2.6 million hectares to mining, logging, and agriculture.

A group of Aceh citizens has decided to sue the Home Ministry.

Leuser As a National Strategic Area

Act No.26/2007 on Spatial Planning has designated important conservation and areas of high biodiversity as National Strategic Areas. One such area is the Gunung Leuser National Park and the broader Leuser Ecosystem. The area provides water to nearly 4 million people living in Aceh and it is of global importance to the conservation of biodiversity, as well as an important status symbol of Aceh. Conservationist applauds the national governments tough stance on criminal activities in the National Strategic Areas such as Leuser; Act No.26/2007 allow criminal charges to be brought against not only those who carry out illegal activities in the area, but also to those who give permission allowing criminal activities to take place. This is an important milestone, and stand to deter corrupt officials from ‘selling’ permits to conduct activities could damage this sensitive ecosystem. National Spatial Planning Law ruled maximum sentence of 5 years imprisonment and Rp 500 million fine. The  Aceh administration did not mention the KEL’s status as a national strategic area in its land use plan issued through Qanun (Islamic bylaw) No. 19/2013.

Threats

Roads

One of the biggest threats to the Leuser Ecosystem is the building of road networks through the forest. The expansion of roads and settlements into this area lead to increased deforestation and allows illegal logging and poaching to be undertaken with greater ease. A proposed road network known as "Ladia Galaska" that would connect the east and west coasts of Aceh and cut through the Leuser Ecosystem in at least nine places would have a devastating effect on the area's animals, many species of which do not cross roads. The plans for the proposed road comprise  of main road plus more than  of minor roads, the majority of which would lie within the boundaries of the Leuser Ecosystem.

Palm oil plantations

Also a major threat are palm oil plantations, particularly in an area on the west coast of Aceh known as Tripa. Palm oil plantations in this area are primarily located on peat swamps up to three metres deep. Between 50 and 100 million tonnes of carbon is stored in the peat swamps, and is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide when the peat is burned.  Palm oil plantations clear primary forest and burn the peat swamps in order to construct large canals to facilitate the planting of palm oil.  The land degradation caused by palm oil plantations in Tripa compromises the welfare of local communities and destroys the habitats of a number of charismatic animal species, including the highest density of orangutans found anywhere in the world. Despite a two-year moratorium on forest clearance, Governor Irwardi Yusuf issued an official permit to oil palm corporation PT Kallista Alam to cut-and-burn the Tripa peat swamp forest, endangering many rare species.

These actions have spurred an international movement to save Tripa. Conservation groups have aligned together in an international campaign that has resulted in historic cancellation of palm oil plantation permits. This sets a legal precedent for saving critically endangered orangutan habitat.

See also
 List of ecoregions in Indonesia

References

Forests of Indonesia
Geography of Aceh
Geography of North Sumatra
Ecosystems by region


KSTH (92.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Holyoke, Colorado, United States.  The station is owned by Armada Media - Mccook. The station has a construction permit from the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to increase of effective radiated power to 35,000 watts.

History
The station was assigned the call letters KKYT on August 1, 1999. On July 7, 2004, the station changed its call sign to KSTH.

References

External links

Mainstream adult contemporary radio stations in the United States
STH


Ramsay Carelse (born 30 October 1985) is a South African high jumper.

He was born in Somerset West, Western Cape. He finished fifth at the 2004 World Junior Championships, fifth at the 2006 Commonwealth Games and won the bronze medal at the 2006 African Championships. He also competed at the 2006 World Indoor Championships without reaching the final.

His personal best is 2.30 metres, achieved in March 2005 in Oudtshoorn.

References

1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Somerset West
South African male high jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for South Africa


Global Brigades (GB) is a nonprofit health and sustainable development organization that works with volunteers from North American and European universities, as well as local staff in Central America and West Africa to partner with communities to reduce inequalities. Global Brigades implements their Holistic Model to meet a community's health and economic goals. The organization's model builds community ownership and executes programs with the end goal of sustainably transitioning to a relationship of impact monitoring.

According to the organization's website, more than 65,000 volunteers from over 800 university clubs have traveled to partner with local staff to provide health and economic development to more than 1 million beneficiaries in 4 countries. Many volunteer groups are officially recognized by their university as a registered international service learning club or organization. Brigades usually consist of 15-50 volunteers who participate in 7 to 10 day brigades. The organization has concentrated its efforts on communities in Honduras, Panama, Nicaragua, and Ghana. Various programs are designed to suit the unique health and economic development goals of each community. Global Brigades currently has 7 different programs: public health, water, engineering, business, medical, dental, and legal empowerment.

Global Brigades' Monitoring and Evaluation team tracks the impact made through its Holistic Model. Before a community is selected as a partner, Global Brigades will research if a community will benefit from the program by performing a needs assessment and collecting baseline community data. Before volunteers arrive, Global Brigades staff also visits with the community to discuss goals, expected outcomes, and responsibilities with the community members. Partner communities then receive volunteers who shadow or assist local engineers, doctors, dentists, and technicians, depending on the task and volunteer's qualifications related to the program.

Between brigade visits, Global Brigades' staff will visit the community to ensure program implementation. Once a community has met their goals in healthcare, WASH and economic development, they no longer receive volunteers and community leaders independently continue the maintenance of infrastructure and grow their knowledge, leadership and economic capacity, with support from Global Brigades' staff on an as-needed basis.

History
In 2003, co-founders Duffy Casey and Shital Chauhan in partnership with a local Honduran organization, Sociedad Amigos de los Ninos (SAN,) led a group of doctors and Marquette University students to Honduras in order to provide medical care to rural communities. After partnering with co-founders Arman Nadershahi and Liran Amir, Casey and Chauhan formalized a US nonprofit organization named Global Medical Relief. By the end of 2005, the organization had expanded from one university to five, including the University of Southern California, the University of Michigan, and the University of California, Los Angeles.

In 2007, Global Medical Brigades was disbanded and a new 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation named Global Brigades, Inc., was incorporated in California. Under the leadership of its new CEO, Steven Atamian, Global Brigades focused on "holistic programming." In 2008, Global Brigades continued expanding its programs into new types of brigades, such as Public Health, Human Rights, Microfinance, Architecture, and Environmental. Additionally, the organization experienced its first international expansion into Canada. By 2009, the organization had hired US employees "to manage administrative functions and support program development." The Global Brigades Association was formed in 2011 in an attempt to organize the now global organization into a single international entity.

In 2015, the Inter-American Development Bank granted Global Brigades a $1 million grant to scale its finance and public health programming. The organization also launched its first social enterprise, Cafe Holistico, in partnership with coffee-growing communities in Central America, with the goal to double and triple farmer income while producing gourmet coffee for students to fundraise with.

Holistic Model
The Holistic Model of Global Brigades focuses on six developmental goals to empower communities. These six goals include: sustainable health systems, daily access to a trained community health worker, in-home clean water, home sanitation infrastructure, community-owned banking, and economic development. These six goals are ordered in what Global Brigades believes to be the most needed in a community, through the extensive research they do of each community.

Global Brigades aligns their Holistic Model with the three United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: Good Health and Well-being, clean water and sanitation, and decent work and economic growth.

Criticism

The volunteering work of the organization is occasionally advertised about the experience for volunteers. This is sometimes referred to as voluntourism – a portmanteau of volunteering and tourism, and can be seen as being both positive and negative. Global Brigades provides clarification for various points of criticism on their common critiques FAQ.

See also
Global Business Brigades

References

Charities based in California
Development charities based in the United States
International student organizations
International charities
Student organizations established in 2007


KYDN (95.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Monte Vista, Colorado, United States. The station is currently owned by Jeanne Sue Sakers and Robert Trigilio, Jr., through licensee Buffalo Broadcasting of Colorado, LLC.

History
The station was assigned the call sign KSLV-FM on 1984-06-15. On 2008-09-29, the station changed its call sign to the current KYDN.

References

External links

YDN
Country radio stations in the United States


Global Business Brigades (GBB) is part of Global Brigades, Inc. (GB) which is a secular, 501c3 nonprofit organization that empowers university students and young professionals in North America and Europe to provide communities in developing countries with sustainable solutions in health care, architecture, legal, environmental and micro-enterprise development.

Since 2004, more than 10,000 volunteers have served over 300,000 beneficiaries.

The Global Business Brigades Model

The in country team of GBB first identifies a community of maximum priority considering a set of factors including education, access to running water, health, socio-economic situation, environmental awareness, legal structures and whether or not other organizations have already a presence in the community. Then, the selected community becomes the focus of the business brigades coming to the country. In this way, GBB seeks the sustainability of the support being offered by creating long-term relationships and offering repeated brigades to the same community in search of economic development for the entire community.

Notes

International medical and health organizations


Magnetic separation is the process of separating components of mixtures by using a magnet to attract magnetic substances. The process that is used for magnetic separation separates non-magnetic substances from those which are magnetic. This technique is useful for the select few minerals which are ferromagnetic (iron-, nickel-, and cobalt-containing minerals) and paramagnetic.  Most metals, including gold, silver and aluminum, are nonmagnetic.

A large diversity of mechanical means are used to separate magnetic materials. During magnetic separation, magnets are situated inside two separator drums which bear liquids. Due to the magnets, magnetic particles are being drifted by the movement of the drums. This can create a magnetic concentrate (e.g. an ore concentrate).

History
Michael Faraday discovered that when a substance is put in a magnetic environment, the intensity of the environment is modified by it. With this information, he discovered that different materials can be separated with their magnetic properties. The table below shows the common ferromagnetic and paramagnetic minerals as well as the field intensity that is required in order to separate 𝚝𝚑𝚎 minerals.

In the 1860s, magnetic separation started to become commercialized. It was used to separate iron from brass. After the 1880s, ferromagnetic materials started to be magnetically separated. In the 1900s, high intensity magnetic separation was inaugurated which allowed the separation of pragmatic materials. After the Second World War, systems that were the most common were electromagnets. The technique was used in scrap yards. Magnetic separation was developed again in the late 1970s with new technologies being inaugurated. The new forms of magnetic separation included magnetic pulleys, overhead magnets and magnetic drums.

In mines where wolframite was mixed with cassiterite, such as South Crofty and East Pool mine in Cornwall or with bismuth such as at the Shepherd and Murphy mine in Moina, Tasmania, magnetic separation is used to separate the ores. At these mines, a device called a Wetherill's Magnetic Separator (invented by John Price Wetherill, 1844–1906) was used. In this machine, the raw ore, after calcination was fed onto a conveyor belt which passed underneath two pairs of electromagnets under which further belts ran at right angles to the feed belt. The first pair of balls was weakly magnetized and served to draw off any iron ore present. The second pair were strongly magnetized and attracted the wolframite, which is weakly magnetic. These machines were capable of treating 10 tons of ore a day.

Common applications
Magnetic separation can also be used in electromagnetic cranes that separate magnetic material from scraps and unwanted substances. This explains its use for shipment equipments and waste management. Unwanted metals can be removed from goods with this technique. It keeps all materials pure. Recycling centres use magnetic separation often to separate components from recycling, isolate metals, and purify ores. Overhead magnets, magnetic pulleys, and the magnetic drums were the methods used in the recycling industry.

Magnetic separation is also useful in mining iron as it is attracted to a magnet.

Another application, not widely known but very important, is to use magnets in process industries to remove metal contaminants from product streams. This takes a lot of importance in food or pharmaceutical industries.

Magnetic separation is also used in situations where pollution needs to be controlled, in chemical processing, as well as during the benefaction of nonferrous low-grade ores.

Magnetic separation is also used in the following industries: dairy, grain and milling, plastics, food, chemical, oils, textile, and more.

Magnetic cell separation
Magnetic cell separation is on the rise. It is currently being used in clinical therapies, more specifically in cancers and hereditary diseases researches. Magnetic cell separation took a turn when, Zborowski, an Immunomagnetic Cell Separation (IMCS) pioneer, analyzed commercial magnetic cell separation. Zborowski uncovered crucial revelations that were then used, and are still used today, in the human understanding of cell biology. Today, the manufacture of therapeutic products concerning cancers and genetic diseases, are being innovated due to these discoveries.

In microbiology

Magnetic separation techniques are also used in microbiology. In this case, binding molecules and antibodies are used in order to isolate specific viable organisms, nucleic acids, or antigens. This technology helps isolating bacterial species to identify and give diagnostics of genes targeting certain organisms. When magnetic separation techniques are combined with PCR (polymerase chain reaction), the results increase in sensitivity and specificity.

Low-field magnetic separation
Low-field magnetic separation is often in environmental contexts such as water purification and the separation of complex mixtures. Low magnetic field gradients are field gradients that are smaller than one hundred tesla per meter. Monodisperse magnetite (Fe3O4) and nanocrystals (NCs) are used for this technique.

Magnetic filters are fitted on the boiler's pipework to collect magnetite from the circulating water before it has a chance to build up and lower the efficiency of the heating system. The water circulating around the heating system picks up bits of sludge (or magnetite) which can build up. The magnetic filter attracts all these bits of debris with a strong magnet as the water flows around it, preventing a build-up of sludge in the pipework or in the boiler.

Weak magnetic separation
Weak magnetic separation is used to create cleaner iron-rich products that can be reused. These products have low levels of impurities and a high iron load. This technique is used as a recycling technology. It is coupled with steelmaking slag fines as well as a selection of particle size screening.

Magnetic Separation Force Calculations
It can be shown  that magnetic force per unit volume on a permeable particle with relative permeability mu sub (pr) is proportional to the spatial gradient of the square of the magnetic flux density.  The formula can be used in magnetic finite element analysis software to compute force densities on a wide variety of practical examples, obtaining results agreeing with Oberteuffer's paper [2].

References

Solid-solid separation
Magnetic devices
Magnetism


Badulia is a village in Khandaghosh CD Block in Bardhaman Sadar South subdivisionof the Purba Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal in India.

Geography
Badulia is at an average elevation of 35 meters. It lies to the south of the Damodar River, on the alluvial plains between the Damodar and the Dwarakeswar River rivers. As a result, it has been a flood-prone area.

Badulia is 18 km from Khandaghosh and 12 km from Bardhaman. Most of the village falls on the west side of the Burdwan—Arambag Road. The Ghanaram Chakraborty Sarani, originating perpendicularly from the Burdwan—Arambag, road bisects the village.

Administration
The village Badulia is in the Sagrai Gram Pachayet. The panchayat office is located in the central area of the village. The Block Development Office is 1 km from the Badulia bus stop.

Demographics
As per the 2011 Census of India Badulia had a total population of 3,905, of which 2,011 (51%) were males and 1,894 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 408. The total number of literates in Badulia was 2,778 (79.44% of the population over 6 years).

Economy
Similar to any other village of south-east Burdwan, this is also agriculture based. After land reform in west Bengal the agricultural lands were distributed here also from the big land lords. Though there are few family where large area of lands are still accumulated but there are many family who have small amount of agricultural lands. In the last two decades because of the open market economy all over India has increased the cost of farming largely. Now agriculture is no more profitable occupation for the small farmers. A large number of people in this village are engaged now in construction industry. Few middle-class or upper-middle-class family members are engaged in rice related business. There are peoples engaged in self owned business and in government service in different sectors.

Health
After long years of independence there is no public health system in this village. as this village is well connected with the district headquarters and its district hospital and private hospital people has not suffered too much. Apart from that though there is scarcity of expert medical practitioner in this village there are a few numbers of private pharmacy and elementary practitioners who serves in minor cases.

Politics
In more recent years, as of 2017, there has been a dramatic change in the election scenario of this area. TMC won the Bishnupur Lok Sabha seat in 2014. It won the Khandaghosh Vidhan Sabha seat in 2016. In the Khandaghosh Panchayat Samiti election in 2013, TMC won 17 seats against 8 of CPI(M), 3 independents and 1 RSP.

For an overview of the economy etc. see Khandaghosh (community development block) and Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision

The major political party in this village was Communist Party of India (Marxist). The other political parties were All India Trinamool Congress (AITC), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Communist Party of Bharat (CPB). In this area all the portfolio from gram panchayet to Member of Parliament were from CPI(M). After the huge defeat in assembly election 2011 CPI(M) were quite silent, even they have kept closed their local branch office. Recently CPB has started to work here by theoretical battle with the bourgeois parties.

Though TMC had not won a single election from here till 2011, all red flags had been removed from this village. A fight for scientific socialism had started here but is yet to gain right momentum. After the national policy of open market, agrarian production cost increased but farmers were not getting that much profit from traditional agriculture. Middle-class families moved from agriculture blaming for the low profit to the high rate of wage cost. This wage rate for the labors were the result of large number of labor movement. CPI(M) forgot that land reform can not keep them for ever. All the benefits of land reform have vanished now. A major agrarian reform is much needed thing now which has to be performed with all along the state as well as country. CPB is advocating for the agrarian revolution without which rightist organization will attract peoples attraction only to the contractual wrongdoings and peoples cause will remain hindered.

References

Villages in Purba Bardhaman district


The Ernest River is a river in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

The headwaters of the river rise in the Drysdale River National Park at the foot of Tadarida Scarp. The river flows easterly until discharging into the Forrest River, of which it is a tributary.

The river was named by the Victoria Squatting Company surveyor Charles Burrowes.

References

Rivers of the Kimberley region of Western Australia


The 2009 MTV Movie Awards were presented on Sunday, May 31, 2009, at the Gibson Amphitheatre in Universal City, California. Andy Samberg served as host for the 18th annual ceremony.

Performers
 Eminem — "We Made You" and "Crack a Bottle"
 Kings of Leon — "Use Somebody"

Presenters
Anna Faris and Chris Pine — presented Breakthrough Female
Michael Bay and Megan Fox — introduced an exclusive Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen sneak preview
Shia LaBeouf — presented Best Fight
Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms, Justin Bartha, and Taraji P. Henson — introduced Eminem
Jonah Hill and Vanessa Hudgens — presented Breakthrough Male
Sacha Baron Cohen as Bruno Gehard — presented Best Male Performance
Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint, and Emma Watson — introduced an exclusive Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince sneak preview
Sandra Bullock and Ryan Reynolds — presented Best Kiss
Big Pak and Hayden Panettiere — presented Best WTF Moment
Leighton Meester and Lil' Wayne — presented Best Song From a Movie
Robert Pattinson, Kristen Stewart, and Taylor Lautner — introduced an exclusive The Twilight Saga: New Moon sneak preview
Kiefer Sutherland, Triumph the Insult Comic Dog, and Zac Efron — presented the MTV Generation Award
Cameron Diaz, Sofia Vassilieva, and Abigail Breslin — presented Best Female Performance
Sienna Miller and Channing Tatum — introduced Kings of Leon
Danny McBride and Will Ferrell — presented Best Comedic Performance
Denzel Washington — presented Best Movie

Awards

MTV Generation
 Ben Stiller

Notable moments
 Brüno, a flamboyant gay character played by Sacha Baron Cohen, staged a stunt with Eminem in which he was "flying" overhead in the theatre toward the stage to present the award for Best Male Performance. Baron Cohen was dressed as an angel, and he was wearing only a jockstrap underneath his costume. In mid-flight, he was lowered upside-down from the rafters after an apparent problem with his wire harness. This caused him to land directly on top of Eminem in such a way that Baron Cohen's fully exposed buttocks area was positioned directly in Eminem's face. An apparently incensed Eminem angrily shouted "You serious?" and "Are you fuckin' serious?!" and then "Get this motherfucker off me!", demanding that his bodyguards and members of D12 remove Baron Cohen from atop him. After they aggressively shoved Baron Cohen away while he was still suspended in the air, Eminem and his entourage stormed out of the theater immediately. Baron Cohen then announced the winner of the Best Male Performance award (Zac Efron for High School Musical 3: Senior Year) while still hanging from harness wires above the audience. Eminem and Baron Cohen later claimed the event was staged and had been rehearsed extensively. Eminem claimed that after he "stormed" out of the theatre he went back to his hotel room and "laughed uncontrollably for about three hours". However, while the prank is widely accepted as being staged - at least on Baron Cohen's part - commentators have questioned as to how much (if at all) Eminem truly was in on the joke.
 Heath Ledger's performance as The Joker in The Dark Knight earned the actor a posthumous award for Best Villain.
 Kiefer Sutherland jokingly broke down in tears while presenting the MTV Generation Award to Ben Stiller.
 Taylor Swift, Aziz Ansari, and Justin Timberlake acted in the cold open skit with Samberg.

Sneak Peeks
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
The Twilight Saga: New Moon

References

External links

 MTV Movie Awards official site
 "Lil Wayne and Will Ferrell Announced as MTV Movie Awards Presenters"

 2009
Mtv Movie Awards
MTV Movie Awards
2009 in Los Angeles
2009 in American cinema
2009 awards in the United States


The General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways () is the central authority of national administration set up to manage the national roads and implementation of the state budget in Poland. The GDDKiA was established on 1 April 2002 by the Polish Ministry of Transportation.

The directorate was formed by a consolidation of the:
 General Directorate of Roads (, est. 23 March 1951)
 Public Agency for Construction and the Operations of Motorways (, est. 8 June 1995).

The head of administration of the GDDKiA is the Director-General of National Roads and Motorways. The GDDKiA consists of 16 provincial branches and also the Regional Country Roads offices, which manage roads in their territories. In addition the Directorate-General of the History of Roads resides in Szczucin, and is responsible for preserving any road monuments.

The GDDKiA is the central government body responsible for national roads and also performs the duties of:
 Participation in the implementation of road transport policy
 Collection of data and information about the network of public roads
 Supervising the preparation of road infrastructure for the defense of the nation
 Issuing permits for a single journey, within a specified time and for a fixed route, of non-standard vehicles
 Cooperating with other road administrations and international organizations
 Cooperation with local governments for the development and maintenance of road infrastructure
 Management of traffic on the national roads
 Protection of road monuments
 Performing the tasks associated with preparing and coordinating the construction and operation of paid motorways
 Managing payment for transit in accordance with the provisions of paid highways and the National Fund for traffic.

References

External links
 Archived official website
 Current official website

Government agencies of Poland
Transport organisations based in Poland
Road authorities


KCFL-LP (105.1 FM) was a radio station licensed to serve Aberdeen, Washington, United States. The station was last owned by Grays Harbor Educational Media.

The station was assigned the KCFL-LP call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on May 15, 2015.

The station's license was deleted on October 19, 2021.

See also
List of community radio stations in the United States

References

External links

CFL-LP
CFL-LP
Grays Harbor County, Washington
Defunct community radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 2003
Radio stations disestablished in 2021
Defunct radio stations in the United States
CFL-LP


is a Japanese animator, illustrator, and manga artist.

She contributed her character design for the series Shōnen Onmyōji and Saint Beast. Apart from illustrating for the novel series Shōnen Onmyōji, she also authors the manga, which acts as a gaiden for the main story which serializes in Kadokawa Shoten's Beans Ace.

Even so, it is not to be confused with Hinoko Seta who authors the manga adaptation of the series in Kadokawa Shoten's Monthly Asuka.

Works

Manga
Shōnen Onmyōji - serialized in Beans Ace

Artbooks
Sakura Asagi Illustration works: Saint Beast

Contributions

Character designs
Ashita ga Aru sa - Megumi Hayashibara

Aquarian Age Aquarian Age Calls Uō Uō! - Megami Magazine
Mobile Suit Gundam W Blind Target
Mobile Suit Gundam W Endless Waltz (Part 1 and Part 2)
Mobile Suit Gundam W Frozen Teardrop
Shōnen Onmyōji series
Saint Beast series

References

External links
 Sakura Asagi manga at Media Arts Database

Living people
Anime character designers
Manga artists
Women manga artists
Japanese female comics artists
Year of birth missing (living people)


John Ladds, RIBA, (22 April 1835 – 15 October 1926) was an architect best known for his work on churches and schools, very often church-affiliated schools.

Life
He was born on 22 April 1835 at Ellington, Cambridgeshire, the son of William Ladds (1798 - 1882) and Ann Inskip (1799 - 1875). He was the 8th child of 12.

He married Cecilia Townshend Kent (1832 - 1922) in St Clement Danes on 19 January 1867 and they had the following children:
Sidney Inskip Ladds (1868 - 1950) became an architect
Amy Cope Ladds (1868 - 1922)
Harriet Cecilia Ladds (1871 - 1940)
Mabel Mary Ladds (1872 - 1952)

He died on 15 October 1926 and left and estate valued at £3,560 10s 9d.

Works

From around 1871 he worked in partnership with William Henry Powell (1847 - 1900) as Ladds and Powell until Powell emigrated to South Africa around 1890.

His notable designs include:
St John's Church, Lawley, Shropshire 1865 Grade II listed
National School in Newport, Shropshire 1872
The Corn Exchange, Bedford 1872-74
Bowlee School, Rhodes near Manchester 1875
Church School, Tonge, Alkrington, Lancashire 1875
Chorley Town Hall, Lancashire 1875
Christ Church, Marton Cum Grafton, North Yorkshire 1876 Grade II listed
Kimbolton Grammar School, Cambridgeshire 1877
St James' Church, Canterbury Street, Chorley, Lancashire 1878
Chancel redecoration, Church of St John the Evangelist, Waterbeach, Cambridgeshire 1879-80
Boxmoor Schools, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire 1880
Rivington and Blackrod High School, Rivington Lane, Rivington, Bolton 1881-82
St Paul's Church, Finchley, London 1886
Queen Elizabeth's School for Girls, Barnet Hill, High Barnet, London 1890 (extensions and rebuilding)
New reredos, St Mary's Church, East Farleigh, Kent 1894
Ophthalmic Hospital, Judd Street, London 1911-12

Ladds spent his last years in the North London neighbourhood of Harringay, where he died in 1926.

His son Sidney Ladds worked as an architect to Ely Cathedral until 1950.

Sources

John Newman and Nikolaus Pevsner, Shropshire; The Buildings of England, Yale University Press, 2006,

Architects from London
People from Harringay
1835 births
1926 deaths
English architects


Junkyard Empire is an American political music and action group based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Their style eludes categorization, mixing hip-hop, rock, jazz, and dark electronics, existing alongside the deep political revolution-focused lyrics of rapper Brihanu.

The band had created a large amount of recorded material and live performances with little recognition from the mainstream press in the Twin Cities. Recognition eventually came after a show played at the No Peace for the War Makers rally on a large stage at the Minnesota State Capitol during the 2008 Republican National Convention protests. Their performance was a turning point for the band which led them to support and perform for nationally coordinated occupation protests of New York City and Washington, D.C. leading up to the global Occupy Movement.

Early history
Junkyard Empire was formed in Fall 2006 as an acid jazz/hip-hop collaboration between friends Brian Lozenski (a.k.a. Brihanu) and Christopher Cox. The group evolved through stylistic and instrumental experimentation. During this time, the band morphed from a jazz sextet with two horns - with Jamie Delzer on saxophone - in their first studio album, Reclaim Freedom (2007), to a rock/jazz quintet in Rise of the Wretched (2008) - always with Lozenski rapping over the top.

The band evolved more deeply into the rock-jazz sound with the addition of Dan Choma on Bass and Christopher Cox on keyboard and trombone. The "electric trombone" has since become a very significant element of Junkyard Empire's subsequent recordings and compositional direction, leading to a much more integrated soundscape.

As a highly politically active group, Junkyard Empire geared up for the 2008 election by campaigning, canvassing, and participating in many direct actions in protest of the 2008 Republican National Convention (RNC) in Saint Paul, Minnesota by performing an "Anti-RNC Tour," coinciding with the pre-release of their EP "Rise of the Wretched."

It was at this time that Junkyard Empire first came into local and national recognition with their performance at the "No Peace for the War Makers" on the steps of the Minnesota State Capitol during the third day of the RNC. This show was interrupted by hundreds of riot cops attacking a group of bicyclists in the crowd. Tension raised to a fever pitch, nearly to a point of rioting, all while the band improvised over the tune Wretched (from the album Rise of the Wretched), as rapper Brihanu chanted to the police "let them go." Parts of this performance were featured in the documentary "Terrorizing Dissent".

In these early years, Junkyard Empire shared the stage with Desdamona, Michael "Eyedea" Larsen, Carnage The Executioner, Blue King Brown, Broadcast Live, Boots Riley and The Coup, Los Nativos, Kill the Vultures, Toki Wright, and numerous others.

For their third studio album, the band partnered with Marc Nicolas at a startup independent music label MediaRoots Music based in Santa Monica, CA. to produce Rebellion Politik (2009). Shortly after recording the material, the band and a Media Roots team embarked on a successful tour of Cuba, where they were invited by the Ministry of Culture in Havana.

The band's current lineup of MC Brihanu, Christopher Cox, Bryan Berry, Steve Hogan, and Graham O’Brien was finalized shortly before the release of their fourth album, "Acts of Humanity (2010), mixed by Brian Susko at Dharma Sound Studios (Santa Monica, CA) and mastered by Tom Garneau at Audio Active (Deephaven, Minnesota).

Homing in on the impact of performing live during the RNC protests, Junkyard Empire traveled to New York in spring of 2010 to perform at the first annual "Sounds of Resistance" protest and direct-action rally at Union Square Park in New York City. Here they performed during a march on and subsequent occupation of the nation's leading foreclosure firm, Bank of America, on Tax Day.

The following fall, Junkyard Empire was invited to perform in Washington D.C. in support of an occupation of Freedom Plaza, located on Pennsylvania Avenue. This performance was to mark the start of the October 2011 occupation of D.C. and served as a supporting coalition for the burgeoning Occupy Movement, in fact organized long before Occupy Wall Street was under way.

Recent events
Junkyard Empire had a track featured on the May 2012 release of "Occupy This Album", a benefit album for the Occupy Movement featuring 99 tracks for the 99%. Junkyard Empire's "Rebellion Politik" title track is featured alongside notable artists such as Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine, Anti-Flag, Willie Nelson, Jackson Browne, Ani DiFranco, and others. Their well-known track "We Want" from their fourth album Acts of Humanity is now the theme song for Project Censored's radio show on Berkeley's KPFA radio.

Political affiliations
Junkyard Empire performed at No Peace for the War Makers during the 2008 Republican National Convention in St. Paul, which was featured in the movie Terrorizing Descent. The band has also worked closely with The League of Pissed Off Voters (aka League of Independent Voters) and Canvassed Neighborhoods in St. Paul during the 2008 election. In addition, the group also supports the Anti-War Committee, Food Not Bombs, the World Fair Trade Organization, the Committee to Stop FBI Repression, the Earth Liberation Front (ELF), the RNC 8, the Physicians for a National Health Program, and many other revolution-minded groups.

References

American hip hop groups
American jazz ensembles from Minnesota
University of Minnesota alumni
Alternative rock groups from Minnesota


Sir George William Henry Jones (1874 – 3 January 1956) was a British barrister and Conservative politician.

Jones spent his early years in business before deciding to study law in his thirties, and was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1907. He continued a successful legal practice until his retirement due to deafness in 1949. He famously defended the populist Member of Parliament (MP) Horatio Bottomley against fraud charges.

In 1910 he entered local politics, when he was elected as a Municipal Reform Party member of the London County Council, representing Hackney North. He remained a member of the council until 1919.

In the same year that he entered local government he made his first attempt to gain election to the Commons. He stood as Conservative candidate in the general election held in December, contesting the constituency of Leeds West. The seat was a safe Liberal one, and Jones failed to be elected.

At the next general election held in 1918, he was elected as Conservative MP for  Stoke Newington. He held the seat almost continuously until 1945, being briefly unseated from 1923 to 1924. He was knighted in 1928.

Sir George Jones was unmarried, and died in a London nursing home in January 1956 aged 81.

References

External links

1874 births
1956 deaths
Members of London County Council
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1918–1922
UK MPs 1922–1923
UK MPs 1924–1929
UK MPs 1929–1931
UK MPs 1931–1935
UK MPs 1935–1945
Members of Gray's Inn
Municipal Reform Party politicians


Pierre Alain Bitôt (22 March 1822, in Podensac – 2 February 1888) was a French physician, anatomist and surgeon;remembered for describing Bitot's spots.

He attended medical school in Bordeaux, qualifying in 1846. He gained his M.D. in 1848 from the faculty of Paris, and joined the anatomy department in Bordeaux. He became Professor of anatomy in 1854, and gained his Chirurgien des Hôpitaux in 1878.

External links

1822 births
1888 deaths
19th-century French physicians
French surgeons
French anatomists


The 1907 Milan–San Remo was the first edition of the Milan–San Remo, a classic one-day cycle race organised by La Gazzetta dello Sport in Italy. The single day event was held on 14 April 1907 and stretched  from Milan to its end in Sanremo. The winner was Lucien Petit-Breton from France.

33 riders rode the 288 km course, starting at 4am.

Organisation

Eugenio Costamagna (manager of La Gazzetta dello Sport) was the man with the vision. After being approached by the Unione Sportiva Sanremese with idea of finishing a cycle race in San Remo, Costamagna decided on Milan as a starting point, connecting the hub of the Italian cycling industry with the hub of tourism.

A route was decided on that included Passo di Turchino and Costamagna had no idea if the route was humanly possible. He invited top cyclists of the time to test the course in the 1907 edition of the race.

The race rules made the event even harder; no changing of bicycles, no supplies or accessories and no team support was allowed.

The race

62 riders had signed up to ride, but at 4am on 14 April 1907 it was cold and windy and only 33 riders set off.

90 km into the race Giovanni Gerbi, known as "the red devil", attacked the lead group through the sleet on the climb of the Turchino gaining 3 minutes by the summit. He was caught by Gustave Garrigou in Savona. Gerbi decided to play the team card and waited for his Bianchi teammate Lucien Petit-Breton. The three entered the outskirts of San Remo together. Gerbi then impeded Garrigou allowing Petit-Breton to attack and gain a lead of a minute and winning the first ever Milan - San Remo. Gerbi finished ahead of the angered Garrigou who complained to the jury and was subsequently promoted to second. The fourth placed Luigi Ganna arrived over thirty minutes later. Only 14 riders finished.

Results

References

Milan–San Remo
Milan - San Remo, 1907
Milan
April 1907 sports events


Kristian Kristiansen (16 November 1909 – 14 July 1980) was a Norwegian novelist, playwright, writer of short stories, and children's writer.

Biography
He was born at Tromsø in Troms, Norway. He was the son of carpenter Ingbert Kristiansen (1881–1968) and his wife Ingeborg Haugen (1886–1976). The family moved to Trøndelag when Kristian was nine years old. After middle school he held several different jobs. Starting in 1936, he published a large number of short stories in the magazine Arbeidermagasinet. In the late 1930s he published two short plays, Det dages (1937) and Medaljen (1938), and the children's book Eggtjuver i fugleberget (1938). His first novel, Vi bærer et bilde, came in 1939. His youth's book Jeg er ingen spion!  from 1940 is one of the very few books published in Norway throughout the Second World War. It is told from the unoccupied parts of the country during the Norwegian Campaign in 1940.

After the liberation of Norway, Kristansen lived for a while in Sweden. In 1950 he moved to Trondheim , where he lived for the rest of his life.  His novels published after 1950 were historical novels situated in Trondheim. He wrote a series of historical novels based partly on actual events from the city's history. The novel Klokken på Kalvskinnet (1966) is about the sufferings of a labour prisoner from the early 19th century.

The trilogy Adrian posepilt (1950), Vårherres blindebukk (1952) and I den sorte gryte (1954) is regarded as Kristiansen's main work. The story about a boy growing up in an orphanage in the late 17th century made Kristiansen known throughout the country. Kristiansen's most notable work appeared in a play by dramatist Petter S. Rosenlund with stylized dance by Martha Standal and directed by Kjersti Haugen. It has been featured on the stage of the Trøndelag Teater.

Kristiansen was awarded the Mads Wiel Nygaards Endowment in 1955. He received the Norwegian Booksellers' Prize in 1961 and in 1967 (jointly with Tarjei Vesaas).

Personal life
During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, Kristiansen became involved in resistance work. In 1942 he had to flee to Sweden. There he met the physician Ellen Hedlund (1915–1986); their subsequent marriage lasted from 1943 until 1955. In 1959 he married architect Turid Ellefsen (1918–2000).

Adrianstua
Adrianstua at Trondheimsfjord was the home Trondheim of Kristian Kristiansen. His former residence is now owned by Trondheim municipality and under the management of Trøndersk Forfattarlag. It is rented to local authors for five-year periods. The house has been inhabited by the author Tale Næss (1997–2002), novelist Ingrid Storholmen (2002–2007), poet Arild Vange (2008–2013), and from 2013 by author Mathias R. Samuelsen.

Selected works
 Det dages –  (1937)
 Medaljen –  (1938)
 Eggtjuver i fugleberget –  (1938)
 Vi bærer et bilde –  (1939)
 Jeg er ingen spion –  (1940))
 Hvem skal havren binde –  (1940)
 Over de høye fjelle –  (1941)
 Men än står Dovre –  (1943)
 Fredens øy –  (1945)
 Brev til Stefan –  (1947)
 Adrian Posepilt – (1950)
 Vårherres blindebukk –  (1952)
 I den sorte gryte –  (1954)
 Jesper nattmann –  (1957)
 Jomfru Lide –  (1960)
 Heia nordinger!  (1962)
 Klokken på Kalvskinnet –  (1966)

References

1909 births
1980 deaths
Writers from Tromsø
Norwegian male short story writers
Norwegian children's writers
Norwegian resistance members
Norwegian expatriates in Sweden
20th-century Norwegian novelists
20th-century Norwegian dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Norwegian short story writers
20th-century Norwegian male writers
Norwegian male dramatists and playwrights
Norwegian male novelists


The 1927 Milan–San Remo was the 20th edition of the Milan–San Remo. The winner was Pietro Chesi (Italy).

External links

Milan–San Remo
Milan-San Remo, 2009
Milan-San Remo
Milan-San Remo


Sondekoppa is a village, 30 km away from Bangalore, in the Indian state of Karnataka. During the kempegowda regime the binnipet was known as the gateway of Sondekoppa. Population of the village is about 15000.

Temples
This village has three temples. Two Shiva temples are about centuries years old which are known as Kashi Viswanatha Temple and Chamdramouleswara Temple and other one Vishnu about 25 years old. This village has chennakeshava temple which is known for the theppothsava. Jaathre is famous in this village and has 7 days pooja and activities. One Shiva temple is around 800 years old and there is a lake in front of the temple. Recently the temple got renovated (jeernoddhara) with the help of villagers and dharmastala trust. Special poojas are performed during kartika maasa, Maha Shivaratri and during all the major festivals.

Education
Village has primary and higher primary school. Primary school has about 500 students and higher primary has about 300. It has a private high school  and a government primary school.

Economy
70% of people are dependent on agriculture. They grow ragi, rice and various types of dhal. There is a milk-collecting centre which provides livelihood for a lot of people.

Detention Centre

Karnataka Detention Centre is under construction at Sondekoppa. It is planned to be operational from 1 January 2020. The centre will have a 10-feet high walls barbed wires with watchtowers in two corners of the compound.

References

Villages in Bangalore Urban district


The 1967 Six Hour Le Mans was an endurance motor race for Sports Cars and Touring Cars. The event, which attracted 38 starters, was staged at the Caversham Airfield circuit in Western Australia on 5 June 1967. It was the thirteenth Six Hour Le Mans race.

The race was won by Jeff Dunkerton and Doug Mould driving a Morris Cooper S.

Results

Note : The above listing is incomplete.

References

Further reading
 Jim Shepherd, A History of Australian Motor Sport, 1980, p. 152
 Terry Walker, Around The Houses, 1980, pp. 58–59
 Dunkerton Drives Skilfully, The West Australian, Tuesday, 6 June 1967, p. 39

External links
1967 Six Hour Le Mans Race images, catalogue.slwa.wa.gov.au
Image of cover of Official Program, progcovers.com, as archived at web.archive.org

Six Hours Le Mans
Six Hours Le Mans


Mary Maytham Kidd born Mary Catherine Maytham (24 January 1914 – 8 April 2001 East London, Cape Province), daughter of Albert Archibald Maytham, was a South African botanical artist.

Born in East London, she was educated at Roedean School in Johannesburg between 1927 and 1930 and, between 1931 and 1933, studied at the Sorbonne in Paris. She also trained at the Royal Academy School in London from 1936 to 1938.

Kidd wrote and illustrated "Wild Flowers of the Cape Peninsula" (Cape Town 1950 - foreword by J. C. Smuts), two books on South African poisonous and edible fungi by Edith L. Stephens (Longmans, Cape Town 1953) and illustrated a series of booklets on protected wild flowers for the Cape Province Nature Conservation Department. Her 1950 work, "Wild Flowers of the Cape Peninsula", was recently republished as "Wild Flowers of the Table Mountain National Park",  by the  Botanical Society of South Africa. She also created designs for porcelain, Christmas cards and calendars.

The University of Cape Town archives acquired her sketchbooks, diaries and other documents after her death. They show that she undertook a 1936 canoe trip down the Danube and visited Nyasaland and the Zomba Plateau in 1943. Much later in 1973/74, she spent some time in Suffolk.

She married Hubert John Kidd (1896-1963), headmaster of the Diocesan College of Bishops in Rondebosch, on 28 May 1948. They adopted a child, Charles James Anthony Kidd (1942-2005). Mary died of congestive cardiac failure on 8 April 2001 in Maitland, Cape Town.

References

1914 births
2001 deaths
Alumni of Roedean School, South Africa
University of Paris alumni
White South African people
Botanical illustrators
20th-century South African painters


PT Waskita Karya (Persero) Tbk, trading as Waskita Karya, is an Indonesian state-owned construction company located in Cawang, Jakarta. It was the result of a January 1, 1961 nationalization of Volker Aannemings Maatschappij NV, the Indonesian branch of what would become VolkerWessels. Waskita specializes in commercial and residential building contracts.

Controversy
Waskita Karya is known for late paying on their vendors and not been able to pay Maturity Bond Coupons. On the 27th of April 2023 the President Director of Waskita Karya, Destiawan Soewardjono along with 7 other people was detained by the Attorney General's Office of Indonesia for corruption. Destiawan played the role of ordering and approving the disbursement of supply chain financing (SCF) funds using fake supporting documents to be used as payment for the company's debt due to the disbursement of payments for fictitious work projects to fulfill the suspect's request. The total loss of the corruption were about RP 2,5 Trillion (USD 67 Million).

Projects

Selected major projects, by year of completion, are:
 APT Pranoto Airport, Samarinda (2018)
 Samarinda International Airport, Samarinda (2014)
 Tsunami Museum, Tsunami Museum, Aceh (2009)
 Wisma BNI, Jakarta (1996)
 Niaga Tower, Jakarta (1992)
 TVRI Tower, Jakarta (1982)

References

External links
Official homepage

1961 establishments in Indonesia
2012 initial public offerings
Government-owned companies of Indonesia
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1961
Construction and civil engineering companies of Indonesia
Indonesian companies established in 1961
Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange