The Sagrario Church (Shrine Church) - also known as the Old Cathedral of Cuenca is a temple whose construction began in the mid-16th century, and was considered the main Spanish place of worship during the time of Spanish colonization in Cuenca (Ecuador). Today it functions as the Museum of Religious Art, known for its wide variety of altars and the history it offers. It is located in the center of the city of Cuenca, and one of its most emblematic museums, which is located in Parque Calderón, in front of the New Cathedral.

It is part of the Historic Center, the same one that was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1999, making it one of the most emblematic places in Cuenca as it is the only church that has a bellows organ, which is It is located inside at the back of the building. It was used as a musical accompaniment to the choirs. However, it is now out of service.

History
Planning for the church started in 1557 and construction began ten years later, using stones for the foundation and walls from the  ruins of Tomebamba.
During the colonial period the church was the main center of worship for the "Parish of the Spaniards"; it was reserved for the people from Spain, while indigenous people had to stay outside or worship elsewhere. The organ was added in 1739, and the clock was set in the tower in 1751. In 1787 the bishopric was established in Cuenca, and the church became a cathedral. The new tower erected in 1868 carries a memorial plate: Torre más célebre que las pirámides de Egipto ("Tower more famous than the Egyptian pyramids") in reference to the use of the old tower as a key reference point for the French Geodesic Mission in 1736, which determined the arc of the meridian. In 1880 construction for the New Cathedral was begun. With the consecration of the New Cathedral, the Old Cathedral ceased to be used for regular services. After a restoration that started in 1999 the Old Cathedral serves today as the "Museum for Religious Art" and a venue for concerts and cultural events. Among others it displays sculptures by Miguel Velez and Gaspar Sangurima and paintings by Daniel Alvorado and Nicholas Vivar.

Architectural History of the Mother Church "El Sagrario"

Before its construction: La Calle de Santa Ana
When the city of Cuenca was founded in 1557, Gil Ramírez Dávalos, shaped the design of the city, assigning a block of four lots to the main church, on the east side of the central plaza. This block was crossed by a street that was called Santa Ana, to pass next to the Main Church, consecrated to Santa Ana, first patron of the city

At first, this street was non-existent, being actually a water ditch that linked the neighborhoods of San Blas and San Sebastiá. In times of rain, the street caused flooding of nearby land, so in the year of 1566, it was subjected to a change of course to avoid further inconvenience. In the 18th century, the street became colloquially called "Callejón de la Soledad"

The Provisional Church and the Major Church
There are archaeological documents that show that by 1567 there was a small provisional church (also called a hermitage), to carry out ecclesiastical celebrations, even when the official construction of the Main Church had not begun. This Provisional Church had a main door, which was directed towards the now known Calle de Santa Ana. Thanks to the efforts of Diego de Solís to obtain the requirements for the construction of the Main Church in the Real Audiencia of Quito, walls were erected around the hermitage, which were made of adobe. Serving in this way, as choir of the New Temple. For the following year, the construction of the Church had been paralyzed, because those responsible for it (cabildos), returned to their haciendas to direct their harvests. In 1569, Juan de Bermeo was chosen as Observer of the Church, who in his period of command, witnessed the construction and completion of this. Francisco de San Miguel was responsible for said design and supervision, together with Diego Alonso Márquez he was assigned the construction of a brick enclosure, to prevent damage from flooding.

First modification of the Major Church (1617)
The first modifications to the church by order of the parish priest and observer Fr. Melchor Rojas was the one to raise the walls seven feet, then the mason Pedro Inga proceeded with the other modifications of the main chapel applying lime mixtures to its foundations. As a custom of the sixteenth century, the church sold tombs to citizens for a price of 25 or 30 pesos or one could also own one of these tombs through services provided to the church and it was thanks to these actions that it was later possible to know the layout and measurements of the construction of that time. Only the well-off sectors of Cuencan society had access to these graves, their range of importance could be observed according to the place of sepulcher, the most popular area being the ayacorral, whose meaning was fenced off from the dead.

Income from the factory of the Mother Church

The church received income from alms and burial rights either in the ayacorrales or in the different naves of the church, these incomes were quite good to the point that only the alms on Mondays went to a fund for the construction of the Major church, all these values were considerable taking into account that from the year 1738 to 1746 there were 1,008 people who were buried inside the church, thus raising 5,327 pesos and 7 reales according to the records made by the church in the book "Primer libro de fábrica de la iglesia Matriz del Sagrario".

With regard to the care and administration of the church's assets, it was an observer named de fábrica who was in charge and having this appointment was an honor, since it demanded a lot of ethics and responsibility, as demonstrated by Juan de San Juan de Bermeo in his 20 years of service, however, there were others who took advantage of profiting for themselves, as was the case of Bishop Juan Gómez de Frías from Quito in 1727.

Chapel del Santísimo

Along with the Major Church, construction began on a chapel attached to the west of the main building. In the 16th century, there is one of the oldest data on the history of an altar dedicated to Saint Peter that decorates this space. In the 17th century, Juan de Neira acquired a tomb, which would correspond to the crypt that is located under this chapel.

The chapel was completed in 1573, under the patronage of the family of the first Lieutenant Governor, Captain Juan de Narváez. Over time, it was awarded to Ruy López until 1649, after which it would be known as the Chapel of San Pedro. By the 19th century, the chapel would begin to be used for the veneration of the Blessed Sacrament.

Bishop Carrión y Marfil and his aspirations for the future of the church

They began to make repairs to the church, once it was finished. Among the first, it occurred in the 17th century, whose objective was already to modify and condition the Major Church, with the aim of turning it into the Cathedral of Cuenca. That is why on April 27, 1786, the Real Audiencia of Quito allowed these changes, it was also approved with this the following year, that 4900 pesos be granted from the royal box, so that the church parts can be finished, and to carry out the respective repairs of the old mother church. Unfortunately, the bishop-elect of that decade, José Carrión, did not allow these repairs to be carried out, so in his opinion, it was a waste of the money granted by the Government. Instead, Carrión, together with Bishop Marfil, supported the idea, and ordered the construction of the Cathedral Church of the City of Cuenca, in order to avoid spending money on the repairs to the old church. The objective was to build a new cathedral that imitates the Cathedral of Málaga, since they had their plans to make these movements.

However, the Audiencia at this time would not give them the opportunity to make such great changes within the plans already exposed, since the reality of the means available to the people of Cuenca at that time were not optimal to pay for a cathedral. Despite the fact that the Audiencia was really specific in the sense of not building a new cathedral, Carrión and Marfil completely refused to follow their instructions to renovate the Major Church, and continued with their wishes to build a new temple.2 In this then they decided to take power from the Church of the company, from the expelled Jesuits their provisional cathedral. The position that the bishops took did not last for long, since the prebendaries who were supported by the sacred decrees mainly demanded that Bishop Carrión The order of the Real Audiencia of Quito in the year 1785, which guarantees the use of all their faculties and rights to choose and give their opinion, will be respected.

Renovations of Vicente Durango and Josef de Herze (1783-1791)

By that time, the city of Cuenca had prospered economically in a significant way as a result of artisanal, agricultural and livestock activities, so together the income of the church also increased, allowing it to be taken into account both religiously and politically by the Real Audiencia of Quito to the rise of a governorate and a bishopric.

With the growing prestige of the city also came the responsibilities of renovating the neglected city and especially the church, which was not aesthetically in good condition either, which is why Governor José Antonio de Vallejo appointed Josef Herze as observer, who was also accountant of the Real Caja de Cuenca (Cuenca royal savings banks), these two being the characters branded as profiting for themselves with the assets of the church and the search for their own honor.

Description
The church has a structure typical of a colonial basilica, with three naves. There is a central altar, while the organ is located over the entrance. Walls are decorated in light pastel colors. Displayed also is a set of life-size carved figures representing Jesus and the apostles at the Last Supper. Though the cathedral has undergone a number of renovations, it has maintained its original character.

Original frescoes dating back to the late 16th century have been uncovered on the walls; other murals are from early 20th century.

References

External links
Catedral Vieja
Catedral Vieja on the Map

Roman Catholic cathedrals in Ecuador
Roman Catholic churches in Cuenca, Ecuador
Museums in Ecuador
Cuenca, Ecuador
Religious museums
Tourist attractions in Azuay Province
Spanish Colonial architecture
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1791
1567 establishments in the Spanish Empire


Tracy Reiner ( Henry) is an American actress.  She is known for her roles in When Harry Met Sally..., Masque of the Red Death, A League of Their Own, and Apollo 13.

Early life
Reiner was born Tracy Henry in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the daughter of actress and director Penny Marshall and Michael Henry. She is filmmaker Garry Marshall's niece.  Her mother was married for 10 years to Rob Reiner, who adopted her and raised her as his own.  Her mother was of Italian, English, German, and Scottish descent.  Reiner's adoptive paternal grandparents are actor and comedian Carl Reiner (1922–2020) and actress Estelle Reiner (1914–2008).  Growing up, 15 of Reiner's relatives were employed at labs run by the United States Atomic Energy Commission.

Career
Reiner  starred in the 1989 film Masque of the Red Death in the role of Lucretia. She has appeared in nearly 30 films, among them Jumpin' Jack Flash (1986), Die Hard (1988), When Harry Met Sally... (1989), A League of Their Own (1992), and Apollo 13 (1995).

She was associate producer of the documentary Children of the Revolution: Tune Back In (2005).

In 2013, Reiner headed a team to fund and market medical software.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

Further reading

External links

1964 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Albuquerque, New Mexico
Actresses from New Mexico
American film actresses
American film producers
American documentary film producers
American adoptees
American women documentary filmmakers
Reiner family


Agenzia Giornalistica RCS, abbreviated as AGR, is an important Italian news agency owned by the Italian media conglomerate RCS MediaGroup, based in Milan, Italy, with two offices in Rome and Florence.

Produces news and weather bulletins to web portals, local and national newspapers, radio stations and television networks.

References

External links
 "Who we are"

RCS MediaGroup
News agencies based in Italy
Mass media in Milan


Nina Grunfeld (born 1954) is a British writer, journalist, public speaker and entrepreneur.

Career
Trained as a graphic designer in Reading University and Harrow Art College her first book was Spot Check, a stain removal manual which sold widely. In 1982 she wrote The Royal Shopping Guide  which detailed the UK's Royal Warrant Holders. With the birth of her first child in 1987 she wrote Pregnancy Week by Week  for the baby and child chain of shops, Mothercare.

Together with her old nanny, Nanny Smith she created the Nanny Knows Best  series of books and the 1993 BBC1 television series of the same name.

In 2004 she wrote The Big Book of Me, started her Get a Life  column for the Daily Telegraph and founded Life Clubs, a workshop-based system for self-development.

References

External links
  - Life Clubs

1954 births
Living people


Parks' Fly Shop is a fly shop and licensed fly fishing outfitter in Gardiner, Montana. In business since 1953, the shop located at 202 2nd Street between Main and Stone is the oldest business in Gardiner under continuous family ownership.

History

In the late 1940s, Merton J. Parks (1916-1970) was an executive in the paper industry in Cloquet, Minnesota.  Merton's avocations however were fly fishing and fly tying.  He was an accomplished trout fisherman in the trout streams along the north shore of Lake Superior.  His fly tying skills were such that many of his friends encouraged him to tie flies for them. Therefore, Merton started a small, part-time mailorder fly tying operation.

In the summer of 1947, Merton took his family, including his four-year-old son, Richard, on a trip to Montana and Yellowstone National Park.  It was on this trip that Merton met Dan Bailey of Livingston, Montana.  By early 1952, Merton had decided to quit the paper industry and move his family and fly-tying business to Montana.  With the help of Dan Bailey, Merton established Parks' Fly Shop in the back of a small store on W. Park Street, Gardiner, Montana in the summer of 1953.
In 1952, I was looking for retail shop accounts to get our wholesale tackle business off the ground, and Richard's late father, Merton Parks, was looking for a place to open a quality fly shop.  Together, we found Gardiner to be a suitable location.  Merton was an outstanding sportsman, a fine fisherman, and an excellent fly tier who quickly became a good friend as well. Dan Bailey, 1978

The small fly shop remained at the W. Park Street location for less than a year. In early 1954, Merton moved the business to a small store on S. 2nd Street that had been relocated from the abandoned town of Cinnabar, Montana a few miles north of Gardiner. By the early 1960s, Merton moved the business into a more permanent structure, its present location at 202 S. 2nd Street, next to the old store, sharing the building with the U.S. Forest Service offices in Gardiner.

The fly shop was one of the first in the region to offer guided float fishing on the Yellowstone River.  In 1955, Merton guided his first float clients in a war surplus rubber raft, but quickly transitioned to wooden rowboats and eventually aluminum jon boats.  In 1978, Richard began using fiberglass drift boats or dories with his float clients.  Although the fly shop has continued its mail order fly business to the present day, especially for locally produced custom flies, its mainstay was always and continues to be servicing local and visiting anglers on the Yellowstone River and Yellowstone National Park waters. Since its opening, flies and fly fishing tackle have changed significantly and Parks' Fly Shop helped its clients transition from bamboo fly rods, to fiberglass, to today's graphite rods.  When the shop was opened, fly lines were made of silk and leaders of silkworm gut. Flies were tied with fur, feathers, yarn and floss.  Today's flies are innovative combinations of fur, feathers and a myriad of synthetic materials.

Merton's son, Richard, grew up in Gardiner and became an accomplished professional fly tyer and fly fishing guide while working for his father in the business.  In 1966, Richard graduated from Montana State University with a B.A. in History. After college, Richard spent three years in the U.S. Army as a Landing Craft Coxswain serving in Virginia and South Vietnam. After his military service, Richard pursued a graduate degree, but economics kept him from completing it while he ran the fly shop in Gardiner. After Merton died in 1970, the fly shop remained with Merton's wife until 1985, when Richard assumed ownership of the business. He still operates it today.

Contributions to Montana and Yellowstone angling

One of the most enduring contributions of Parks' Fly Shop is the Parks' Salmon Fly, an improved version of the old Sofa Pillow used to imitate the giant stoneflies or Salmon Flies on the Yellowstone River and its tributaries.  In 1954, Merton Parks found the older imitations of the giant stonefly unsuitable and created the Parks Salmon Fly.  The fly remains popular and in use still today.  Charles Brooks, a master Yellowstone fly fisherman, called the Parks' Salmon Fly one of his top three stonefly imitations.
Today, Parks' Fly Shop is known locally for many innovative custom fly designs by tiers Walter Wiese and Matt Minch.,

Proximity to Yellowstone National Park provided Merton and Richard an enormous opportunity to become experts on Yellowstone waters.  In 1998, Richard compiled this expertise into his second book--Fishing Yellowstone National Park—which is still in print and in its 3rd edition.

In 1980, Richard Parks help found the Fishing Outfitters Association of Montana to help service the collective needs of fly fishing outfitters throughout the state and help protect Montana's fish and habitats through its conservation fund.

Environmental interests
Merton Parks, along with Dan Bailey of Livingston, Montana and Bud Lilly of West Yellowstone, Montana were instrumental in establishing the first Montana chapter--Joe Brooks Chapter—of Trout Unlimited in Livingston.  Richard remains an active member of the chapter today and is a member of the Federation of Fly Fishers.

Richard Parks has been a long-standing member of the Northern Plains Resource Council, an organization dedicated to the protection of Montana's water quality, family farms and ranches, and it quality of life. He served as the council's Chairman from 1991–93,.  In 1983, Parks Fly Shop and Richard Parks became charter members of the Bear Creek Council, an affiliate of the Northern Plains Resource Council in an effort to generate grass-roots support for reform of the General Mining Act of 1872.  In May 1990, Richard received the Conservation Activist Award from the Greater Yellowstone Coalition for his work on the New World Gold Mine issue.

Further reading

See also
Angling in Yellowstone National Park

Notes

Companies based in Montana
Buildings and structures in Park County, Montana
Fly fishing
Tourist attractions in Park County, Montana
1953 establishments in Montana
Retail companies established in 1953


Hits! is a compilation album by Boz Scaggs, first released in 1980. It focuses primarily on material released in 1976 and 1980. The album has been certified platinum by the RIAA.

Reception

In a retrospective review by Jason Elias for AllMusic, he criticized the album's lack of comprehensiveness, particularly the omission of "What Can I Say". Elias deemed that the later release My Time: A Boz Scaggs Anthology makes Hits! completely redundant.

Track listing
 "Lowdown" (Boz Scaggs, David Paich) – 4:27
 "You Make It So Hard (to Say No)" (Scaggs) – 3:32
 "Miss Sun" (Paich) – 5:33
 "Lido Shuffle" (Scaggs, Paich) – 3:41
 "We're All Alone" (Scaggs) – 4:11
 "Breakdown Dead Ahead" (Scaggs, David Foster) – 4:01
 "Look What You've Done to Me" (Scaggs, Foster) – 5:17
 "Jojo" (Scaggs, Foster, David Lasley) – 4:06
 "Dinah Flo" (Scaggs) – 3:03
 "You Can Have Me Anytime" (Scaggs, Foster) – 4:56

The Australian release of Hits! replaced Track 9 "Dinah Flo" with "What Can I Say" (B. Scaggs, D. Paich).

Re-release
In 2006 Hits! was re-released with additional tracks and a new cover.

 "What Can I Say" (Scaggs, Paich)
 "Jojo" (Scaggs, Foster, Lasley)
 "Miss Sun" [Long Version] (Paich)
 "Hard Times" (Scaggs)
 "Slow Dancer" (Scaggs, George Daly)
 "Harbor Lights" (Scaggs)
 "Dinah Flo" (Scaggs)
 "Look What You've Done to Me" (Scaggs, Foster)
 "Breakdown Dead Ahead" (Scaggs, Foster)
 "You Make It So Hard (To Say No)" (Scaggs)
 "It's Over" (Scaggs, Paich)
 "We're All Alone" (Scaggs)
 "Heart of Mine" (Bobby Caldwell, Dennis Matkosky, Jason Scheff)
 "Lowdown" (Scaggs, Paich)
 "Lido Shuffle" (Scaggs, Paich)

Personnel
"Lowdown"
 Boz Scaggs – lead vocals
 David Paich – keyboards, strings and horns arrangements
 Fred Tackett – guitar, guitar solo
 Louie Shelton – guitar
 David Hungate – bass
 Jeff Porcaro – drums
 Carolyn Willis – background vocals
 Marty McCall – background vocals
 Jim Gilstrap – background vocals
 Augie Johnson – background vocals

"You Make It So Hard (to Say No)
 Boz Scaggs – lead vocals, guitar
 James Gadson – drums
 James Jamerson – bass guitar
 Joe Sample, Clarence McDonald – keyboards
 David T. Walker, Dennis Coffey, Wah Wah Watson – guitar
 Carolyn Willis, Julia Tillman Wate, Lorna Willard, Myrna Matthew, Pat Henderson - background vocals
 H.B. Barnum - string arrangements, conductor

"Miss Sun"
 Boz Scaggs – lead vocals
 Jeff Porcaro – drums, percussion
 David Paich – keyboards, moog bass, synthesizers
 Steve Lukather – guitar
 Steve Porcaro – synthesizers
 Lisa Dal Bello – vocals

"Lido Shuffle"
 Boz Scaggs – lead vocals, guitar
 David Paich – keyboards, horns arrangements, synthesizers solo
 Jeff Porcaro – drums
 David Hungate – bass guitar
 Fred Tackett – guitar

"We're All Alone"
 Boz Scaggs – lead vocal
 Jeff Porcaro – drums
 David Hungate – bass guitar
 David Paich – keyboards, strings and horns arrangements

"Breakdown Dead Ahead"
 Rick Marotta – drums
 Boz Scaggs – lead vocals, guitar
 David Foster – keyboards
 Don Grolnick – electric piano
 Lenny Castro – percussion
 David Hungate – bass
 Steve Lukather –  guitar, guitar solo
 Ray Parker Jr. – guitar
 Paulette Brown, Venetta Fields, Bill Thedford – background vocals

"Look What You've Done To Me"
 David Foster – keyboards, strings and horns arrangements
 Don Felder, Steve Lukather – guitar
 Mike Porcaro – bass guitar
 Jeff Porcaro – drums
 Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Timothy B. Schmit, background vocals

"JoJo"
 Boz Scaggs – lead vocals, guitar
 David Foster – keyboards, synthesizer, strings arrangements
 Jerry Hey – horns arrangements
 Ray Parker Jr., Steve Lukather – guitar
 John Pierce – bass guitar
 Jeff Porcaro – drums
 Lenny Castro – percussion
 Adrian Tapia – saxophone solo
 David Lasley, Sharon Redd, Charlotte Crossley – background vocals

"Dinah Flo"
 Boz Scaggs – vocals, electric guitar
 Barry Beckett – piano
 Pete Carr – electric guitar
 Charles Chalmers – saxophone, background vocals
 Sandra Chalmers – background vocals
 Roger Hawkins – drums
 Eddie Hinton – acoustic guitar
 David Hood – bass guitar
 Clayton Ivey – organ,  keyboards
 Jimmy Johnson – electric guitar
 Donna Rhodes – background vocals
 Muscle Shoals Horns – horns, horns arrangements

"You Can Have Me Anytime"
 Boz Scaggs – lead vocal
 David Foster – piano, synthesizers
 David Hungate – bass
 Marty Paich – strings arrangements
 Jeff Porcaro – drums
 Carlos Santana – guitar solo

Production
 Boz Scaggs – producer
 Johnny Bristol – producer
 David Foster – producer
 Roy Halee – engineer, producer
 Joe Wissert – producer
 Tom Perry – engineer
 Al Schmitt – engineer
 Bill Schnee – engineer, producer
 Greg Venable – engineer
 Mike Reese – mastering
 Lois Walker – mastering

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

1980 greatest hits albums
Boz Scaggs albums
Columbia Records compilation albums
Legacy Recordings compilation albums


N. Satyen (1932–2002) was a cinematographer in Bollywood who had a career spanning over 50 years. He was born and raised in Mysore, Karnataka, and moved to Mumbai in the 1960s.

Filmography
Zulmi (1999)
Mohabbat Ke Dushman (1988)
Muqaddar Ka Faisla (1987)
Bal Bramhachari (1996)
Dalaal (1993)
Zindagi Ek Juaa (1992)
Sharaabi (1984)
Laawaris (1981)
Jwalamukhi (1980) (director of photography)
Hera Pheri (1976) (as N. Satyan)
Himalay Se Ooncha (1975) (director of photography)
Zanjeer (1973)
Haseena Maan Jayegi (1968)
Bluff Master (1963)

Special Effects cameraman:
Anari No. 1 (1999) (special effects camera) (as N. Satyan)
Haseena Maan Jayegi (1968) (special effects)

References

External links
http://in.movies.yahoo.com/artists/N-Satyen/summary-9049.html
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0766472/

Artists from Mysore
1932 births
2002 deaths
Hindi film cinematographers
Cinematographers from Karnataka
20th-century Indian photographers
Artists from Mumbai


The Milano–Chiasso railway line is an Italian state-owned railway connecting Milan to Como and Chiasso, Switzerland.

It is electrified at 3000 volts DC. Between Milan and Monza it has four tracks and is used not only by trains operating to and from Como, but also by freight and passenger trains connecting Milan with Bergamo and Lecco, either directly or routed via Molteno. North of Monza it has two tracks, but between the junction "Bivio Rosales" and Chiasso there is a parallel double track line (used mainly by freight trains) including Monte Olimpino 2 tunnel (7207 m).

History
The first section of the line is the Milan–Monza line, which was opened by the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia (part  of the Austrian Empire) as the Imperiale Regia Privilegiata Strada Ferrata da Milano a Monza ("Imperial Royal Privileged Railway from Milan to Monza") on 18 August 1840, the second railway opened in Italy after the Naples–Portici railway line. The government originally intended to permit the line to be extended to Bergamo, but had intended that a separate concession be granted for a line from Milan to Como. Instead, it decided to scale down the project by allowing the Monza line to be extended to Como. On 10 October 1849 line was opened from Monza to Camnago in Lentate sul Seveso and it was extended to Camerlata on 6 December. The line was completed to Como in 1875. It was part of the Società per le strade ferrate dell'Alta Italia (Upper Italian Railways) from 1865, the Società per le Strade Ferrate del Mediterraneo (Mediterranean Railway Company) from 1885 and Ferrovie dello Stato from 1905.

Services
Since 14 December 2008 suburban services on this line between Como and Milano Porta Garibaldi have been operated hourly by Trenitalia as line S11 of the Milan Suburban Railway Network. From 12 December 2004 regional passenger trains had been operated by TiLo ("Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia", a joint venture of Ferrovie dello Stato and Swiss Federal Railways). Line S9 operates between Seregno and Milano San Cristoforo via the ring railway. Camnago-Lentate station is the northern terminus of line S4, using the Camnago–Seveso link of the Milan–Asso line, and provides a link to Milan Cadorna station and the lines of Ferrovie Nord Milano (FNM). There are some peak hours trains without a regular interval timetable. In 2006 integrated ticketing and subscriptions allowing travel using a single ticket on trains of both LeNord (FNM passenger services) and TiLo were introduced to facilitate rail traffic between Brianza and Milan.

The line is also used by long-distance Eurocity trains to and from Basel and Zurich.

The line is used by many railway companies to transport goods to and from Switzerland and northern Europe.

References

Footnotes

Sources

See also
 List of railway lines in Italy

International railway lines
Railway lines in Lombardy
Railway lines in Switzerland
Railway lines opened in 1876


Frank Cheadle (7 November 1885 – 12 May 1916) was an Australian pioneering rugby league footballer and AIF soldier who fell in World War I. A New South Wales interstate and Australian international representative centre, he was reputedly the first Sydney rugby union player to sign with the new breakaway league in its earliest formative days in late 1907. He played for New South Wales in the very first rugby match run by the newly created 'New South Wales Rugby Football League' which had just split away from the established New South Wales Rugby Football Union.

Early life
Born in Wollongong, New South Wales, Cheadle's family moved to Sydney when he was young. He grew up in the inner-western suburbs of Marrickville and Stanmore and was educated at Fort Street High School. He was playing rugby union with the Newtown RUFC in 1906 and on the verge of national selection when he signed with the new rugby league code.

Rugby league career
Cheadle played in the inaugural series of matches between New South Wales and Baskerville's touring "All Golds" in 1907. Part of Newtown's original rugby league team of 1908, he debuted for Australia in the inaugural Tests in early 1908 against those same New Zealanders on the homeward leg of their trip to England and back. Cheadle is listed on the Australian Player Register as kangaroo No. 2'. He was selected in the inaugural Kangaroo tour of 1908-09 but took part in only seven tour matches and no Tests. His final Test appearance was against New Zealand in 1909 in Australia and by the end of 1910 his club career was also over.

Cheadle was awarded Life Membership of the New South Wales Rugby League in 1914.

War service
Cheadle joined the AIF on 4 January 1915 enlisting as a Regimental Quartermaster Sergeant and left Sydney on board HMAT A32 Themistocles on 12 May 1915 as a member the 17th Battalion, 5th Brigade, 2nd Division.

His battalion arrived at Gallipoli in August 1915 to relieve the 1st Division who had been there since April. Cheadle was transferred to the 18th Battalion and promoted to Lieutenant on 1 October 1915. He was evacuated with the 18th Battalion in the December winter, regrouped in Egypt and reached France in March 1916 seeing front line action in the trenches near Armentières.

Cheadle was shot through the head shortly after his battalion moved into the trenches and he died of wounds on 12 May in the 7th Australian Field Ambulance. Charles Bean, the Australian war historian, wrote that "Lieutenant Cheadle of the 18th Battalion, when boldly scouting with the moon nearing the full, was seen by the enemy, fired on and fatally wounded as the patrol withdrew over the parapet". He is buried in the Erquinghem-Lys Churchyard, 1.2 km west of Armentières.

References

Bibliography
 Whiticker, Alan & Hudson, Glen (2006) The Encyclopedia of Rugby League Players, Gavin Allen Publishing, Sydney
 Heads, Ian and Middleton, David (2008) A Centenary of Rugby League, MacMillan Sydney
 Williams, Terry (2008) "Through Blue Eyes – A Photographic History of Newtown RLFC", Newtown RLFC

Footnotes

External links
 rl1908.com Article on Frank Cheadle
 Frank Cheadle at the AIF Project

1885 births
1916 deaths
Australian rugby league players
Australia national rugby league team players
New South Wales rugby league team players
Australian Army officers
Australian military personnel killed in World War I
Newtown Jets players
Rugby league centres
Rugby league players from Wollongong


"Pure Gold" is a song by the band Earth, Wind & Fire, released as a single in 2005 by Sanctuary Records. The song reached No. 23 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart and No. 15 on the Billboard Adult R&B Songs chart.

Overview
"Pure Gold" was written by Bobby Ross Avila, Issiah J. Avila, Tony L. Tolbert, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. The song also came off Earth, Wind & Fire's 2005 album Illumination.

Critical reception
David Wild of Rolling Stone called the song "sexy".
Gene Stout of the Seattle Post Intelligencer described Pure Gold as a "soaring" tune.
Bill Lamb of About proclaimed that "midway through Pure Gold, the (album)'s second track, the listener realizes once again what a gorgeous instrument Philip Bailey's voice is."

Use in other media
"Pure Gold" appeared on the soundtrack of the 2005 feature film Roll Bounce.

Charts

References

2004 songs
2005 singles
Earth, Wind & Fire songs
Songs written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis


Anne Maarit Mäkinen (born 1 February 1976) is a Finnish football manager and former footballer making 188 appearances for the Finland national team. She was a central midfielder.

Career
Mäkinen was the first Finnish player to play in the WUSA, and played collegiately at the University of Notre Dame. Mäkinen played for Washington Freedom, Philadelphia Charge and New Jersey Wildcats. While with Notre Dame, she was the Rookie of the Year in 1997 and the most valuable player in 2000, and was selected to the All Stars of university soccer four years in a row. In December 2004, Mäkinen joined Swedish Umeå IK. With Umeå IK, she twice won the Swedish top league, Damallsvenskan, in 2005 and 2006. Mäkinen then played for Bälinge IF and AIK.

Following her debut in June 1991, Mäkinen represented Finland a record 118 times, with 16 goals as of her retirement in 2009. In 2005, Mäkinen vice-captained Finland to the bronze medals in the European Championship finals, which stands as her nations's best achievement in this sport. She was awarded the Golden Player award for best player of the tournament.

Mäkinen's playing style was very powerful. She was skillful with the ball, and dictated the run of her team's play from central midfield with her effective tackling and telling passes.

Mäkinen's soccer jersey number was retired in 2011 at the IMG Soccer Academy where she trained in her early years, often competing against male players for a challenge.

In 2017, Mäkinen was appointed physio coach of Finland women's national team. Mäkinen was appointed sports director for her former club as active, AIK, after the 2019 season. Before the 2021 season, her role was changed to manager. In May 2022, she was replaced as manager for AIK by Jesper Björk after six straight losses, including a Tvillingderbyt against Djurgården.

References

External links
 UEFA profile
 Notre Dame player profile
 Profile at Women's United Soccer Association

1976 births
Living people
Finnish women's footballers
Finland women's international footballers
Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's soccer players
Washington Freedom players
Philadelphia Charge players
Finnish expatriate women's footballers
Expatriate women's soccer players in the United States
Footballers from Helsinki
Expatriate women's footballers in Sweden
FIFA Women's Century Club
USL W-League (1995–2015) players
Umeå IK players
AIK Fotboll (women) players
Damallsvenskan players
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi (women) players
Kansallinen Liiga players
Bälinge IF players
New Jersey Wildcats players
Women's association football midfielders
Hermann Trophy women's winners
Women's United Soccer Association players
Finnish football managers
AIK Fotboll (women) managers
Damallsvenskan managers


Maksymilian Apolinary Hartglas (7 April 1883 – 7 March 1953) was a Zionist activist and one of the main political leaders of Polish Jews during the interwar period, a lawyer, a publicist, and a Sejm deputy from 1919 to 1930.

Biography
Maksymilian Apolinary Hartglas was born into a lawyer family from Podlasie. Between 1892 and 1900 he attended a secondary school in Biała Podlaska. Subsequently he earned a law degree from Warsaw University in 1904. Between 1907 and 1919 he practiced law in Siedlce with an additional office in Warsaw. While at the university he became involved with the Zionist movement and in 1906 he participated in a Zionist Helsingfors conference in Helsinki.

After the Nazi invasion of Poland and German occupation he was made a member of the Warsaw Judenrat.

In December 1939, he managed to escape to Trieste, Italy and immigrated to Palestine. He settled in Jerusalem. After the establishment of the State of Israel he served as a high ranking administrator in the Ministry of the Interior.

Political career
In 1919 he was elected by constituents of Biała Podlaska as a deputy to the first Sejm of the newly independent Polish state which was charged with writing a new constitution. In all he served three terms as a delegate. Before the elections of 1922 together with Yitzhak Gruenbaum he was a co-creator of Bloc of National Minorities, a parliamentary organization whose purpose was to represent ethnic minorities in the Polish parliament. One of his first acts as a deputy of the Sejm was to introduce a law which annulled all Russian sponsored laws which discriminated against Jews in the former Congress Poland.

In 1920 he took part in the Polish-Soviet War as a volunteer. Between 1938 and 1939 he was a member of the Warsaw City Council. During this time he published articles in "Głos Żydowski", "Tygodnik Żydowski" and "Życie Żydowskie" newspapers.

Published works
In 1996, his memoirs were published posthumously in Poland under the title At the border of two worlds (Polish: Na pograniczu dwóch światów) (), in which he described the social and political realities of Poland at the turn of the century, during World War I, and the interwar period. In the book he wrote:

See also
Ozjasz Thon

References

1883 births
1953 deaths
People from Biała Podlaska
People from Siedlce Governorate
Jews from the Russian Empire
Jewish Polish politicians
Polish Zionists
Members of the Legislative Sejm of the Second Polish Republic
Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1922–1927)
Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1928–1930)
Polish people of the Polish–Soviet War
Polish emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Jews from Mandatory Palestine
Israeli people of Polish-Jewish descent


Terminal 21 () is a chain of mixed-use complexes with 4 locations in Thailand; Asok and Rama III in Bangkok, Korat, and Pattaya. The first location was opened in October 2011, located on Sukhumvit Road, by the Asoke intersection, in Watthana District of Bangkok, Thailand. The second location, Terminal 21 Korat, was opened in December 2016 and is located on Mittraphap Road in Nakhon Ratchasima Province (also called Korat). Terminal 21 Pattaya was opened in October 2018 and is located in Pattaya District of Chonburi Province. There is a proposal for Terminal 21 Rama III to be built by the Chao Phraya river in the Rama III neighbourhood of Yannawa District in Bangkok. On October 20th, 2022, Terminal 21 Rama III officially opened.

The name "Terminal 21" is meant to represent the concept that each retail floor represents different touristic cities. The number "21" refers to Soi Sukhumvit 21 (Asok Montri Road) where its first branch in Bangkok is located. Each Terminal 21 complex consists of: a multi-storied retail area with each floors being decorated in the theme of touristic cities around the world, a SF Cinema City movie theatre, and a hotel-and-residence operated by Centre Point Hospitality, a Quality Houses PLC company.

Locations

Terminal 21 Asok
Terminal 21 Asok opened in Bangkok in 11 October 2011. It is located in Watthana district, situated at the Sukhumvit and Asok intersection. It links to BTS Skytrain and MRT with a skywalk, at Asok Station and Sukhumvit Station.  This mall has the longest escalators in Thailand, up to 36 meters. The retail area has a total of 10 stories anchored by an SF Cinema and a Gourmet Market (a division of The Mall Group). The Grande Centre Point hotel & residence is a 42-story, 202-meter high building.

Terminal 21 Korat

Terminal 21 Korat in Nakhon Ratchasima Province (also known locally as Korat) was opened in 4 February 2017. It is located on the Mittraphap Road by the Ratchasima-Chokchai intersection in Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima District. The retail area consists of seven floors, including a skydeck, an SF Cinema, and a Foodland supermarket.

2020 shooting

On 8 February 2020, the mall became the epicenter of a mass shooting perpetrated by a soldier. He had previously shot and killed three people at a military camp before arriving at Terminal 21 Korat via a humvee that was stolen from the military camp. A total of 30 people were killed, including the gunman, making the incident the deadliest mass shooting in Thailand's history. On the way to the mall, he shot and killed some other people.

Terminal 21 Pattaya

Terminal 21 Pattaya was opened in Pattaya District of Chonburi Province in 19 October 2018. It is located on the corner of the North Pattaya Road and Second Road, next to the Pla Lo Ma Roundabout. The retail area consists of 6 floors, including an SFX Cinema cinema and Foodland supermarket. Terminal 21 Pattaya also houses 32-story Grande Centre Point Pattaya hotel & residence.

Terminal 21 Rama III
Terminal 21 Rama III was opened on October 20th, 2022, on Rama 3 Road in Bangkok’s Bang Kho Laem district. The mall contains 9 floors of shops and a parking lot for 1,658 cars across 140,000 square metres of usable space.

Retail concept
Terminal 21 is a  one-floor-one-themed shopping mall. Each floor is decorated based on touristic cities and locations around the world; The Caribbean, Rome, Paris, Tokyo, London, Istanbul, San Francisco, and Hollywood. The decoration may differ amongst the branches of Terminal 21, while the locations being themed remain the same.

References

Shopping malls in Bangkok
Watthana district
Shopping malls established in 2011
2011 establishments in Thailand


Neutron and Star, also known as Seventh Heaven, is a British trance duo consisting of producer/writer Alan Stott and vocalist/writer Lucy Clarke.

Music videos
"Neutron and Star - Believe" (Alter Ego Records - AE069 - 2012)
"Neutron and Star - Just Let Go" (Rolling Recordings - 2013)

Discography

Singles
"Seventh Heaven - Broken"
"Seventh Heaven - Illacrimo"
"Seventh Heaven - Dolphins"
"Mike Koglin vs Seventh Heaven - Sanctuary"
"Mike Koglin vs Seventh Heaven - Calling You"
"Neutron and Star - Lust"
"Neutron and Star - Believe" (Original mix / Mike Koglin remix / Corderoy remix / Natlife remix / Alphadelta remix) (Alter Ego Recordings)
"Neutron and Star - Losing You"
"Neutron and Star - Time" (Original mix / Sunset mix / Corderoy remix / Natlife remix) (True Trance Recordings)
"Neutron and Star - Just Let Go" (Original mix / Sunset mix / Corderoy remix / Natlife remix) (Rolling Recordings)

Remixes
"Neonate - Pridian (Seventh Heaven remix)"
"Wapskallion feat. Stace - Fine Day (Seventh Heaven remix)"
"Mike Koglin - On My Way (Seventh Heaven remix)"
"Lost Witness - Home (Seventh Heaven remix)"
"Eddie Sender feat. Marcie - Be Free (Seventh Heaven remix)"
"Gouryella - Ligaya (Seventh Heaven remix)"
"Lost Witness - Home (Seventh Heaven's One Step at a Time remix) (ambient remix)"
"The Killers - Mr Brightside (Neutron and Star remix)"
"Cascada - What Do You Want (Neutron and Star remix)"
"Coast 2 Coast - Home (Neutron and Star remix)"
"System F - Solstice (Neutron and Star remix)"
"Armin Van Buuren ft Jan Vayne - Serenity (Neutron and Star remix)"
"Solarstone - Seven Cities (Neutron and Star remix)"
"Conor Maynard - Turn Around (Neutron and Star remix)"

External links
Neutron and Star on Beatport
Alan J Stott - Discogs
Seventh Heaven - Discogs

Record production duos
2003 establishments in England
Musical groups from London
Musical groups established in 2003


Sinan Akçıl (born 20 May 1982) is a Turkish composer, singer, songwriter and record producer. He is known for producing Hadise's Eurovision 2009 song for Turkey, called "Düm Tek Tek".

Personal life
Sinan Akçıl married popular Turkish actress and model Burcu Kıratlı in Turkish Consulate in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, on 24 December 2018 with a simple marriage ceremony. The couple divorced in September 2019. They married for the second time on 22 February 2021. They divorced again in May 2022.

Criticism
Radio 99 broadcast director Sema Eryiğit: "His songs aired a lot on the radio programs and in different places. But his live performance was disappointing. Maybe he should just continue working as a composer; [that way] he will not have such a fan base anymore, but it would have been more prestigious in the music world."

Atilla Aydoğdu, the music writer of the Akşam newspaper said: "When summer started I wished he would never sing his own songs anymore. Unfortunately, one does not always get what he wants."

Sinan Akçil responded to the criticism in an interview: "'We wish he had remained a musician, composer, ...'; is this even criticism?" "Two people in a hundred say this! Those are probably the people who live on another planet. 98% of them showed so much love and gave beautiful reactions to the album; I did not even hear the criticism. Also, negative criticism should surely exist. I appreciate your feedback and criticism, please keep up reacting!"

Leman Sam also criticized Akçil and said: "While there are beautiful voices like Burak Kut, I do not understand why someone would want to listen to Sinan Akçıl."

Naim Dilmener wrote in his review: "Sinan Akçıl's voice is a disaster. This is a serious bottom point in this country's vocal history. We have not seen anything like this. You know, in those magazine programs, where they would report on the live performances of singers, even Banu Alkan and Seray Sever were not this bad. I wish he would never sing. When it comes to music, he is not a great musician either. He has not created magnificent pieces. But he's still good in that area, he's not bad. But his voice is really bad."

Tolga Akyıldız: "Sinan has no voice, literally no voice. It's a pity. I think he's a good musician though. He comes from a family of musicians. If it were me, I would continue composing and arranging."

Discography

Albums

EPs

Singles

References

Turkish male songwriters
1981 births
Living people
Turkish male composers
Musicians from Amsterdam
Turkish pop musicians
Turkish record producers
Turkish keyboardists
Dutch people of Turkish descent
21st-century Turkish songwriters


The Arboretum de Versailles-Chèvreloup (200 hectares) is a major arboretum located just north of the Palace of Versailles at 30, route de Versailles, Rocquencourt, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France. It forms part of the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, and is open everyday in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.

History

The site dates to 1699 when Louis XIV acquired the hamlet of Chèvreloup, demolishing its walls to extend his hunting ground around his castle. During the 18th century, botanist Bernard de Jussieu (1699–1777) was a frequent visitor at Versailles, where in 1759 he created a botanical garden at the edge of Chèvreloup in today's Parc de Trianon; this garden was destroyed, however, upon the death of Louis XV. During the French Revolution, Chèvreloup was sold to private owners, then purchased by Napoleon in 1806. In the 19th century it became apparent that the Jardin des Plantes in Paris was too small for a national collection, and in 1922 the conservator of the Estate of Versailles and architect François-Benjamin Chaussemiche (1864–1945) established today's arboretum as the Jardin de Jussieu, annex to the National Museum of Natural History. In 1940, however, it was abandoned. Planting resumed in 1960, with parts of the arboretum opening to the public in 1977.

Specimens
Today the arboretum contains about 15,000 specimens, representing 124 families, 220 genera, 2700 species and varieties, and 500 cultivars. Its tropical plant collection alone maintains about 5,000 species in greenhouses. The arboretum proper is organized into three major sections:

 Systematic botany (50 hectares) - the oldest plantations, started in 1924, with trees grouped by family or genus. Collections include Abies, Crataegus, X Cupressocyparis, Cupressus, Juglans, Juniperus, Malus, Picea, Pinus, Prunus, Pyrus, Quercus, Sorbus, and Tilia.
 Geography (120 hectares) - begun in 1965, with species grouped according to their original natural range. These collections are divided into three areas - Europe, Asia, and the Americas - with representative holdings as follows: temperate Europe (220 species), the Caucasus (40 species), Himalayas and temperate China (500 species), Japan and Korea (460 species), North America (700 species for the USA), as well as species from the Mediterranean region, particularly from the Atlas mountains. Most species are represented by six subjects planted within a circle of 25 meters diameter.
 Ornamental horticulture (25 hectares) - trees cultivars  selected for their ornamental properties, including specimens created by grafting and cuttings.

Tree species best represented in the arboretum are Chamaecyparis (120 taxa), Prunus (115 taxa), Picea (100 taxa), Quercus (85 taxa), Abies (60 taxa), Sorbus (55 taxa), Crataegus (50 taxa), Fraxinus (45 taxa), Tilia (45 taxa), Viburnum (40 taxa), Cedrus (20 taxa), and Cupressocyparis (20 taxa).

The arboretum also participates in the conservation of rare and endangered species. At present it conserves 70 species from the list produced by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the BGCI (Botanic Gardens Conservation International), including Abies chensiensis, Abies nebrodensis, Malus sikkimensis, Picea obovata, Pinus bungeana, Prumnopitys andina, and Quercus dentata.

See also
 List of botanical gardens in France

References

 Arboretum de Chèvreloup
 Conservatoire des Jardins et Paysages entry (French)
 Gralon entry (French)
 Wikimapia entry

Gardens in Yvelines
Arboreta in France


These are the results of the women's uneven bars competition, one of six events for female competitors in artistic gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. The qualification and final rounds took place on September 17 and 24 at the Sydney SuperDome.

Results

Qualification

Eighty-three gymnasts competed in the uneven bars event during the qualification round on September 17.  The eight highest scoring gymnasts advanced to the final on September 24.  Each country was limited to two competitors in the final.

Final

Svetlana Khorkina successfully defended her Uneven Bars Title and Gold Medal from the 1996 Summer Olympics. She was only the second gymnast to successfully defend her Olympic Uneven Bars Title. Polina Astakhova of the former Soviet Union, who defended her 1960 Summer Olympics Uneven Bars Title at the 1964 Summer Olympics, was the first. Aliya Mustafina of Russia later became the third, capturing her back-to-back Olympic Gold Medals at the 2012 Games in London and 2016 Summer Olympics.

References
Official Olympic Report
www.gymnasticsresults.com

Women's uneven bars
2000
2000 in women's gymnastics
Women's events at the 2000 Summer Olympics


George Thomas (1857 – 14 June 1934) was a Welsh international rugby union wing who played club rugby for Newport and international rugby for Wales. He was also a professional sprinter and was an All-England Sprint Champion.

Rugby career
Thomas joined first class team Newport in 1884 but did not represent Wales until December 1888 when he was selected to face the touring Māoris at St Helens. The Swansea crows was hostile towards the Wales team, as they believed that the Swansea team had been overlooked, and Thomas, along with Cardiff's Charlie Arthur received heavy censure. Despite the poor support from the crowd, Thomas had a good match and after William Towers had taken Wales into the lead, Thomas made the score comfortable by running in a try of his own from the halfway line. Not only strong in attack, Thomas was also commanding in defence, and when New Zealander Harold Lee dribbled the ball over the Wales' tryline, Thomas collected the ball, ran out of the try area with it before kicking the ball into the midfield. The move was described as an 'amazing show of nerve'
. A week later Thomas faced the Māoris again, this time playing for club team, Newport. Led by Theo Harding, the Newport team was noticeably less physical than the New Zealanders, and the Welsh club lost the game by three tries to nil.

Thomas was not selected for the next Wales international game, and the Welsh selectors went through three different wings in the next four games before reselecting Thomas in the final game of the 1890 Home Nations Championship. Played against Ireland at Lansdowne Road, Wales were led by Arthur 'Monkey' Gould in a 3-3 draw. Thomas was replaced for the next game when Percy Lloyd returned, but was back in the squad just a game later when Wales faced Scotland as part of the 1891 Championship. Wales suffered an extremely heavy defeat by the Scots, and Thomas was not selected to represent his country again.

International matches played
Wales
   1890
  1888
  1891

Bibliography

References

1857 births
1934 deaths
Newport RFC players
Rugby union players from Newport, Wales
Rugby union wings
Wales international rugby union players
Welsh rugby union players


The Pan American Hockey Federation is the field and Indoor hockey federation for the Americas. It consists of 30 Members. It is associated with the International Hockey Federation and hosts several continental competitions for national teams.

Member associations

 Argentina
 Bahamas
 Barbados
 Bermuda
 Bolivia
 Brazil
 Canada
 Cayman Islands
 Chile
 Colombia
 Costa Rica
 Cuba
 Dominican Republic
 Ecuador
 El Salvador
 Guatemala
 Guyana
 Haiti
 Honduras
 Jamaica
 Mexico
 Nicaragua
 Panama
 Paraguay
 Peru
 Puerto Rico
 Trinidad and Tobago
 United States
 Uruguay
 Venezuela

Competitions
Active
Pan American Games
Men's Pan American Cup
Women's Pan American Cup
Men's Pan American Challenge
Women's Pan American Challenge
Men's Pan American Junior Championship
Women's Pan American Junior Championship
Men's Pan American Youth Championship
Women's Pan American Youth Championship
Men's Pan American Hockey5s Cup
Women's Pan American Hockey5s Cup
South American Games
South American Youth Games
Men's South American Championship
Women's South American Championship
Central American and Caribbean Games
Men's Indoor Pan American Cup
Women's Indoor Pan American Cup
Central American Championship
Central American Hockey5s Championship

Defunct
Bolivarian Games
Central American Indoor Championships
Pan American Club Field Hockey Championship

Title holders

National team rankings

References

External links
Official website

Field hockey organizations
Field hockey in the Americas
Sports governing bodies in the Americas


Margaret Lilian Flockton (29 September 1861 Sussex – 12 August 1953 Sydney), is most commonly recognized as a botanical artist famous for her botanical illustrations of "The Forest Flora of New South Wales" (some 300 plates), "A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus", and the genus Opuntia, all by the botanist and forester, Joseph Henry Maiden. She was also a painter, commercial artist, and art teacher at different points of her life. She was the first botanical illustrator at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney. She was also the first female lithographer in Australia which gave her a high reputation at the time.

Early life
Margaret Flockton was born on September 25, 1861, into a well-to-do family in Leyton, England. However, at the age of four her father abandoned a job with a stable income to pursue his passion as an artist. As a result, her family began to struggle. Flockton admired her father's decision regardless of the price and said that it was around this time that she began to take up drawing on her own.

By the time Flockton turned ten her family was impoverished. As a result, they relocated to a cheaper area to live in New South Wales. Here, Flockton attended the Cardiff Science and Art school. The school was a branch of the South Kensington National Art Training School and was established by the British government. The teachers at who taught at the school were all graduates from the South Kensington schools and classes in drawing, sculpture, painting, engraving, and lithography.

Flockton was also a student at the Miss Gann's Life School which was also a branch of the South Kensington schools. It was here that Flockton was recognized for her artistic abilities and was sent off to the and art department's principle school to finish off her studies in London and receive an art teaching certificate in 1885.

Shortly after, Margaret and her family received an immigration opportunity and moved to Sydney, Australia in 1888. The family settled here and never returned to London. In Sydney, Flockton went through another decade of training and became the most thoroughly female trained artist living there at the time.

Early career
After Flockton's training was completed, she quickly found work as a lithographer in Sydney with printers and publishers Gibbs Shallard & Co. and S.T. Leigh. She continued her work as a commercial artist for publishers for seven years. During this time in 1892, she was also took up painting from nature and teaching art. To teach, Flockton opened up a studio in Victoria Chambers, Castlereagh Street in Sydney.

In the early 1900s, Flockton started to engage more in commercial art. Twelve of her lithographs depicting Australian wild flowers were used to promote the smoking of cigarettes as part of an intensive add campaign. Her lithographs quickly became popular and were further publicized through the printing of her lithographs as postcards. Unfortunately, Flockton never received the recognition she deserved for her work. Though she included her signature in all of her lithographs, companies who profited off of her work did not include it. Therefore, her work was extremely popular but her name did not popularize with it.

Royal Art Society
Flockton became a member of the Royal Art Society of NSW where she exhibited her watercolors and oil paintings from 1894 to 1901 alongside Sidney Long, Arthur Streeton, Tom Roberts, and other noteworthy artists. During this time, she exhibited 39 of her watercolor paintings which consisted of various studies and still-lifes.

In 1895, Flockton exhibited six watercolors, calling them "Australian WildFlowers". One depicts the state's official floral emblem, the Waratah, and was bought by the NSW Royal Art Gallery. Another one of her watercolor paintings was selected to be included in an Album for Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. A painting of two dead parrots done by Flockton was also included in the Australian Federation Album presented to the Duke and Duchess of York in 1901. This was her last year of painting for the Royal Art Gallery.

Near the time of her recognition, Joseph Maiden, the director of the botanic gardens, was founding the National Herbarium of New South Wales. He was determined to make it a successful institution that collected, identified, documented, and stored both Australian and exotic plant life. After learning of Flockton from her watercolor Watarah, Maiden invited her to work for him at the Herbarium in 1901. It was then that Flockton decided to give up painting and instead pursue a professional career as a scientific botanical artist for the Sydney Botanic Gardens.

Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney
Flockton started work at the National Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney on 3 June 1901 at the rate of "2 shillings per hour" and was earning £330 per annum at her retirement in 1927.There are some 1000 of her illustrations in The Botanic Gardens Trust Archive.

At that time Joseph Maiden, Director of the Botanic Gardens and Government Botanist, was greatly impressed by the standard of her work. He considered her "the most accomplished botanical artist in New South Wales", and invited her to produce the illustrations for "A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus", which he was writing. By the time the project was complete, Flockton had produced 308 detailed images. Each drawing showed up to 45 different leaves, stems, buds, flowers, seed pods, and seeds. Some of these images were even shown from different angles. They were neatly and pleasingly organized on the pages thanks to Flockton's heavy training in design and drawing. After the illustrations were finished, Flockton would translate each one of them into lithographs ready for printing.To produce lithographs, it is thought that Flockton drew them directly onto metal plates referencing tracings from original watercolors. These lithographs show a great deal of hatching and crosshatching.

Maiden's second project, the Forest Flora, contained 295 images. 235 were done by Flockton. The remaining 60 were done under her supervision by E.A. King. These publications are still studied by students in Botany to a large extent. The University of Sydney has published the entirety of these works in the electronic book section of their library complete with Flockton's illustrations. This way they can be accessed both by students and the general public.

Flockton spent  hours a week working at the Botanic Gardens and 25 hours at the Forestry Department. In the end Flockton stayed on at the Botanic Gardens for five years beyond her retirement age, her last day of work at the Gardens being on 24 March 1927. In recognition of her contributions to botanical art, and referring to her as joint author of his works, Maiden named a few species after her - Eucalyptus flocktoniae, Acacia flocktoniae and the Dorrigo Daisy-bush Olearia flocktoniae.

Producing Illustrations
Flockton was very meticulous with her work. She used a magnifying glass to create illustrations of the finest detail. She is often pictured with a magnifying glass hanging around her waist. She drew, painted, and printed work in the gardens. Her work is recognizable for her highly meticulous observation, perfect accuracy, and simple yet elegant pencil and brush strokes. Many of her drawings survived but there are only a few of her colored works that remain today which are held in the Botanical Gardens in Sydney.

Publications
Flockton published various books of her own during her lifetime such as a small volume "Lichens" and "Australian Wildflowers" (1908) illustrated with her coloured lithographs. She also produced the wildflower borders for butterfly studies in "Scenic Gems of Australia" by Dr Riches. Much later in life she wrote and illustrated "Children's Stories - Little Stories of Little People", describing the life-history of plants and insects, but which remained unpublished.

Private Life
Margaret lived with her parents for most of her life. She was always close with family, especially her sisters. She remained unmarried her entire life and never had children of her own. However, she was like a mother to her nieces and nephews, especially after

her father's death in 1901 when the household became three-generational. Although underpaid compared with her male colleagues, Flockton managed to buy a private cottage 'Tulagi' at Tennyson where she lived after her mother's death in 1917 and remained until her own death in 1953.

Death and legacy
Flockton died on August 12, 1953, shortly before her 92nd birthday. Although she was well known in her day, after her death, Flockton was largely forgotten for nearly half of a century. This was largely due to her work being closed off to the general public and only accessible within small scientific circles.

In 2003, she was rediscovered by two botanical artists at Sydney's Royal Botanical Gardens named Catherine Wardrop and Lesley Elkan. They gave a speech about Flockton and her cause at an International Women's Day lunch. Their speech led to the establishment of an award for scientific botanical illustrations in her honor in 2004. A couple of years later, her award began attracting entries worldwide.

The Margaret Flockton Art Award, now the Margaret Flockton Award, with two prizes of A$5000 and A$2000 are awarded annually for excellence in botanical illustration.[7][8]

This commemorates the contributions she made to botanical illustrations in Australia. Flockton Place in the Canberra suburb of Chisholm is named in her honour.[9]

A Fragrant Memory
A biography of Margaret Flockton was released in 2016. It was written by her great great niece Louise Wilson who began working on it in 2004. To learn about her 'Aunt Mog', Wilson began taking private trips to Sydney and London. Her work was dependent upon stories from family and friends about her aunt that she was told on these trips. From the stories Wilson gathered in the biography she created, Flockton is presented as a brilliant, talented, yet reclusive woman.

References

External links
 Margaret Flockton Art Award 2016-2018 (Flickr)

 A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus, 8 volumes BHL.

See also
 List of Australian botanical illustrators

1861 births
1953 deaths
Botanical illustrators
Australian lithographers
19th-century Australian painters
20th-century Australian painters
20th-century lithographers
Women lithographers
British emigrants to Australia


The Highway 78 Bridge at the Red River is an eight-span through truss bridge over the Red River between Oklahoma and Texas on Oklahoma State Highway 78/Texas State Highway 78.  It was built as a federal relief project during the Great Depression as part of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal.  Today the bridge and the area retain the look and feel of the time of its construction.  As part of Highway 78 the bridge's average daily traffic (as of 2006) was 1,700 cars per day.

The original bridge was demolished after flood damage and a new bridge built in 2018

History
The State Highway 78 Bridge at the Red River replaced a suspension bridge that collapsed on January 15, 1934.  The former bridge had been opened as a toll bridge in July 1927.  It was purchased by Oklahoma and Texas for use as a free bridge.  It collapsed in a storm after the swinging bridge's wire cables became twisted and snapped.

As a Federal Relief Project funded by the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 construction began on February 16, 1937.  It was completed in 1938.

The bridge marks the location of Sowell's Bluff.

Architecture
The Oklahoma Highway Commission designed the bridge.  Constructed in 1937-1938 by the Kansas City Bridge Co. of Kansas City, Missouri. the bridge is designed as a rare example of a K-Parker through truss bridge with camelback pony spans.
The bridge consists of eight riveted K-truss through spans with two camelback pony truss spans at each end.

The Illinois Steel Bridge Company of Jacksonville, Illinois was subcontracted to fabricate the trusses.

See also

National Register of Historic Places listings in Bryan County, Oklahoma
National Register of Historic Places listings in Fannin County, Texas
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas

Overview
 Length of largest span: 210.0 ft.
 Total length: 2,108.0 ft.
 Deck width: 24.0 ft.
 Vertical clearance above deck: 15.9 ft.

References

Buildings and structures in Bryan County, Oklahoma
Buildings and structures in Fannin County, Texas
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
Bridges completed in 1937
Transportation in Fannin County, Texas
Former toll bridges in Oklahoma
Former toll bridges in Texas
National Register of Historic Places in Bryan County, Oklahoma
National Register of Historic Places in Fannin County, Texas
Steel bridges in the United States
Parker truss bridges in the United States
Interstate vehicle bridges in the United States


This page shows the results of the 1997 Men's Central American and Caribbean Basketball Championship, also known as the 1997 Centrobasket, which was held in the city of Tegucigalpa, Honduras from May 25 to June 1, 1997. The top four teams qualified for the 1997 Pan American Tournament, held from August 21 to August 31 in Montevideo, Uruguay.

Competing nations

Preliminary round

1997-05-24

1997-05-25

1997-05-26

1997-05-25

1997-05-26

1997-05-27

Notes

Consolidation Round

1997-05-28

1997-05-30

1997-05-28

1997-05-30

Final round
1997-05-31 — 1st/4th place

1997-06-01 — 5th/6th place

1997-06-01 — 3rd/4th place

1997-06-01 — 1st/2nd place

Final ranking

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

—

Team Rosters
1.Cuba: Caballero · Abréu · Echevarría · Matamoros · Diago · Ro. Herrera · Pérez · Borrell · Vázquez · Rojas · Núñez · Ru. Herrera · All. Miguel Calderón

References
Results

Centrobasket
1996–97 in North American basketball
1997 in Central American sport
1997 in Caribbean sport
1997 in Honduran sport
International sports competitions hosted by Honduras
Basketball in Honduras


Charlotte Hayes (c. 1725–1813) was a highly successful brothel keeper in early Georgian London, and the owner of some of the city's most luxurious brothels in and around King's Place, in St James's.

Biography
Although the precise details of Hayes's early life are unknown, it is believed she was born in Genoa (as cited in the 1761 edition of Harris's List of Covent Garden Ladies) to the courtesan and brothel keeper, Elizabeth Ward. In her early career as a prostitute, she was known as Charlotte Ward. Eventually, she would grow to be considered one of the most desirable 'women of the town', along with Lucy Cooper and Fanny Murray. It is unknown why or when she adopted the surname of Hayes.

In the 1750s, Charlotte had two fairly well-documented liaisons; one with Robert "Beau" Tracy, the wealthy son of a judge, and another with his friend, Samuel Derrick, an impoverished Irish poet who became the author of Harris's List of Covent Garden Ladies. Upon Derrick's death in 1769 he was buried at St Peter and St Paul's church, Bath, on 2 April 1769, according to its parish register, and bequeathed the profits of the final edition of Harris's List to her.

In spite of her success as a brothel keeper, first in Soho, at Berwick Street and Great Marlborough Street, and then in St James's, at King's Street, King's Place, and Arlington Street, Hayes was committed to debtors' prisons on several occasions. Fergus Linnane writes that Hayes was committed to the Marshalsea prison in 1776 for refusing to pay £50 to a bankrupt lacemaker.

During her stay in the Fleet Prison in the late 1750s, she met Dennis O'Kelly, who became her partner in life as well as in business. Contrary to popular belief, Hayes and O'Kelly never married, but lived as common-law husband and wife. In her later years, she chose to be known as Mrs O'Kelly or Charlotte Kelly.

Dennis O'Kelly was a professional gambler and race horse owner and eventually made his fortune through the purchase of the prize-winning stallion Eclipse. With the money he earned through breeding Eclipse, and what Charlotte earned through running several brothels, the couple were able to purchase two estates, Clay Hill outside of Epsom, and later Canons Park, in addition to numerous properties throughout St James. It is believed that Charlotte's enterprise was worth £20,000, but that collectively, she and Dennis O'Kelly owned assets worth £70,000 by the early 1780s.

After Dennis' death in 1787, Charlotte's health began to decline. Correspondence between Dennis O'Kelly's family members seem to indicate that her mental state also had begun to suffer.

Towards the end of her life, Charlotte once more found herself in financial difficulties and was committed to debtors' prison again in 1798. This time, Dennis O'Kelly's nephew, Andrew O'Kelly, bailed her out, but only on the condition that she sign over to him all her assets.

She died in unknown circumstances in 1813.

Studies
Hayes's story is told in detail in Hallie Rubenhold's The Covent Garden Ladies (2005), as well as in Nicholas Clee's Eclipse: the Story of the Rogue, the Madam and the Horse That Changed Racing (2009). It is also discussed in Fergus Linnane's, London, the Wicked City, as well as in several books by E. J. Burford.

The TV series, Harlots, drew from Hayes' lifetime for its plot.

See also
Harris's List of Covent Garden Ladies

References

Additional sources

1720s births
1813 deaths
English brothel owners and madams
Inmates of the Marshalsea
Businesspeople from London
People imprisoned for debt
Inmates of Fleet Prison
18th-century English businesspeople
19th-century English businesspeople
18th-century English businesswomen
19th-century English businesswomen
English female prostitutes
Italian courtesans


Windsor was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland from 1912 to 1992.

First created for the 1912 state election, the district was based in the northern suburbs of Brisbane, taking in areas north of Breakfast Creek and south of Kedron Brook. Later redistributions expanded the district westward, whilst still retaining the suburbs of Alderley, Grange, Wilston and Windsor.

Windsor was abolished ahead of 1992 state election, divided between the pre-existing district of Brisbane Central and the new district of Kedron.

Members for Windsor

Election results

See also
 Electoral districts of Queensland
 Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly by year
 :Category:Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly by name

References

Former electoral districts of Queensland


Fengjian Village () is a village in Xingtan Town, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong, China with a total area of .

The village has a long history and features historic sites throughout. It has three stone arch bridges: the Juji () and Mingyuan Bridges () built in the Song Dynasty (9601279), and the Jin'ao Bridge (), given building permission by the Kangxi Emperor during the Qing Dynasty (16441911). Ancient temples, shrines and houses abound amongst a network of rivers and streams. Due to comparisons of the local scenery with the noted sights of Zhouzhuang in Jiangsu province, the village is also known as the "Zhouzhuang of Shunde" (顺德周庄).

References

Shunde District
Villages in China


Acartia is a genus of marine calanoid copepods. They are epipelagic, estuarine, zooplanktonic  found throughout the oceans of the world, primarily in temperate regions.

Classification

This genus contains the majority of species in the family Acartiidae:

Acartia adriatica Steuer, 1910
Acartia amboinensis Carl, 1907
Acartia arbruta Smith et al., 2021
Acartia australis Farran, 1936
Acartia bacorehuisensis Zamora-Sánchez & Gómez-Aguirre, 1986
Acartia bermudensis Esterly, 1911
Acartia bifilosa (Giesbrecht, 1881)
Acartia bilobata Abraham, 1970
Acartia bispinosa Carl, 1907
Acartia bowmani Abraham, 1976
Acartia cagayanensis Sakaguchi & Ueda, 2020
Acartia californiensis Trinast, 1976
Acartia centrura Giesbrecht, 1889
Acartia chilkaensis Sewell, 1919
Acartia clausi Giesbrecht, 1889
Acartia danae Giesbrecht, 1889
Acartia denticornis Brady, 1883
Acartia discaudata (Giesbrecht, 1882)
Acartia dweepi Haridas & Madhupratap, 1978
Acartia edentata Srinui, Ohtsuka & Metillo in Srinui, Ohtsuka, Metillo & Nishibori, 2019
Acartia ensifera Brady, 1899
Acartia enzoi Crisafi, 1974
Acartia erythraea Giesbrecht, 1889
Acartia fancetti McKinnon, Kimmerer & Benzie, 1992
Acartia floridana Davis, 1948
Acartia forcipata I. C. Thompson & A. Scott in Thompson, Scott & Herdman, 1898
Acartia forticrusa Soh, Moon, Park, Bun & Venmathi Maran, 2013
Acartia fossae Gurney, 1927
Acartia hongi Soh & Suh, 2000
Acartia hudsonica Pinhey, 1926
Acartia italica Steuer, 1910
Acartia japonica Mori, 1940
Acartia jilletti Bradford, 1976
Acartia laxa Dana, 1852
Acartia lefevreae Bradford, 1976
Acartia levequei Grice, 1964
Acartia lilljeborgii Giesbrecht, 1889
Acartia limpida Dana, 1849
Acartia longiremis (Lilljeborg, 1853)
Acartia longisetosa Brady, 1914
Acartia macropus Cleve, 1900
Acartia margalefi Alcaraz, 1976
Acartia mediterranea Pesta, 1909
Acartia mollicula Pavlova & Shmeleva, 2010
Acartia mossi (Norman, 1878)
Acartia nadiensis Lee, S, Soh & W. Lee, 2019
Acartia nana Brady, 1914
Acartia negligens Dana, 1849
Acartia ohtsukai Ueda & Bucklin, 2006
Acartia omorii Bradford, 1976
Acartia pacifica Steuer, 1915
Acartia pietschmani Pesta, 1912
Acartia plumosa T. Scott, 1894
Acartia ponteloides (Kritchagin, 1873)
Acartia ransoni Vaissière, 1954
Acartia remivagantis Oliveira, 1946
Acartia sarojus Madhupratap & Haridas, 1994
Acartia seshaiyai Subbaraju, 1968
Acartia simplex G. O. Sars, 1905
Acartia sinjiensis Mori, 1940
Acartia southwelli Sewell, 1914
Acartia spinata Esterly, 1911
Acartia spinicauda Giesbrecht, 1889
Acartia steueri Smirnov, 1936
Acartia teclae Bradford, 1976
Acartia tonsa Dana, 1849
Acartia tranteri Bradford, 1976
Acartia tropica Ueda & Hiromi, 1987
Acartia tsuensis ItoTak, 1956
Acartia tumida Willey, 1920

Reproductive and life cycle

Female Acartia release eggs freely in the water. Nauplii hatch and undergo six distinct life stages to become copepodites and then undergo another six life stages to become fully mature copepods.

Some species of Acartia are known to exhibit a diapause, a resting period when the species is dormant, as a part of their life cycle. These species produce "resting eggs" when environmental conditions are unfavorable for the development and growth of nauplii. Individual females can switch between producing resting eggs and subitaneous eggs (eggs that hatch immediately) as environmental conditions change. Resting eggs accumulate in the sediment and hatch when conditions are optimal. Production of resting eggs is driven by water temperature variations. Some species (A. hudsonica) produce resting eggs when water temperatures rise above a certain threshold, while others (A. tonsa, A. califoriensis) have been observed to produce resting eggs when water temperatures fall below a certain threshold. Hatching and development of the species occur when the water cools (A. hudonica) or warms (A. tonsa, A. califoriensis). Additionally, A. califoriensis is known to be adapted to anomalous water temperature variations. Hatching is only followed by a period of steady water temperatures in the favorable range. This ensures that a generation of the species is not killed off by a momentary warming followed again by colder temperatures.

Diet

Acartia primarily feed on phytoplankton and are also known to consume rotifers, ciliates, and their own eggs and nauplii.

Acartia feeding patterns are asymptotic relative to the abundance of food. When food is widely abundant Acartia approach a maximum food intake. When there is less food available, feeding adjusts to rates that correlate with food availability.

Behaviour

In a study of A. tonsa in the Narragansett Bay the species was found to exhibit a diel feeding pattern, that is, a night feeding pattern. The diel feeding cycle was tested under a variety of light conditions and was found to be endogenous, not related to light availability, but persistent regardless of whether the copepods were subjected to light or dark. This feeding pattern is only known to be disrupted at extremely low food levels, implying that either "food limitation has over-ridden other factors governing diel feeding rhythms and induced continuous feeding, or that a synchronized population-wide feeding rhythm has given way to intermittent, asynchronous feeding among individuals."

Acartia are also known to exhibit a diel vertical migration pattern, swimming to depths during the day and rising to surface waters at night. The diel vertical migration of A. tonsa was seen to be effected by light exposure: when exposed to continuous light the copepods did not migrate to the surface.

Both diel patterns are thought to be primarily adaptive behavior to avoid visual predators. The mechanism of the diel vertical migration of Acartia has been explored further to solve the question of whether the copepods react to chemical signals indicating the presence of predators, physical stimuli resulting from the movement of predator fish in the water, or visual cues based on the changing light modified by a much larger predator. In a study of A. hudsonica, the chemical response was ruled out. Additionally, other studies of Acartia (A. longiremis, A. grani and A. discandata) were found to have less chemoreceptors and more mechanoreceptive sensory hairs than other marine copepods, suggesting that diel feeding and migration patterns in Arcatia are primarily driven by physical and visual cues.

References

Calanoida
Copepod genera
Taxa named by James Dwight Dana


(born June 13, 1968, in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan), better known by her stage name  is a female Japanese singer and tarento. Moriguchi is affiliated with the talent agency NoReason Inc., where she also serves as Second Production Department Manager.

Biography
The youngest of four sisters,  lived with her mother after her parents divorced when she was eight years old. She graduated from Fukuoka City Takamiya Junior High School and Fukuoka Prefectural Fukuoka Chuo High School, then transferred to Horikoshi High School Performing Arts Course. Her classmates included Yōko Oginome, Kumiko Takeda, Miyuki Imori, Sayuri Iwai, Eri Murata, and Mie Takahashi. During her teenage years, Hanamura performed as a backing singer in the Tokyo Music Academy performing arts group . Before graduating from high school, she participated in several variety shows and quiz programs. She auditioned for several idol singer competitions without success. Hanamura adopted the stage name "Hiroko Moriguchi" as a nod to musician Masaaki Hirao and female golfer Yuko Moriguchi.

After finishing second place in NHK's , Moriguchi signed with King Records and released her debut single  for the anime TV series Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam. The song reached No. 16 on Oricon's charts. Her follow-up songs, however, failed to achieve the same success. In 1987, Moriguchi recorded the song  to promote the Kirin Lemon Whity drink. While the beverage sold well in Japan, the song was unable to make the Top 100 chart.

In 1988, Moriguchi recorded the song  for the anime series Yoroiden Samurai Troopers. Moriguchi also released her first gravure idol book and video  that year and her second gravure book Wow! in 1990.

In 1991, Moriguchi recorded  for the anime film Mobile Suit Gundam F91. The song reached No. 9 on Oricon's charts and stayed in the Top 100 for 27 weeks. It also placed 47th in Oricon's annual ranking and consistently placed in NHK's Kōhaku Uta Gassen for six consecutive years, making it her biggest hit. She also recorded songs for the Fuji TV variety show  and was a mainstay during its run from 1992 to 1995. In 1995 an arcade game featuring Moriguchi called  was released. She released her third gravure book Cool in 1997. Throughout the 1990s, Moriguchi appeared in television commercials for companies such as Kao Corporation, National, Daihatsu, and Asahi Breweries.

In 2003, Moriguchi played Hiroko in the NHK TV series  and made appearances in the TBS series . In 2005, she was appointed as general manager of the Japan Amateur Baseball Association team . However, she and co-manager Nobuyuki Kagawa resigned following a reorganization of the team, which as since been renamed .

On February 28, 2012, Moriguchi joined Yoko Minamino and Tomomi Nishimura to form the trio "Blooming Girls". Their debut single "Knock!! Knock!! Knock!!" peaked at No. 66 on Oricon's singles charts on June 13. In 2015, Moriguchi released the single  to commemorate her 30th anniversary in the music business. Since 2017, Moriguchi has been a participant in Nippon BS Broadcasting's , held every New Year's Eve.

Moriguchi released Gundam Song Covers on August 7, 2019, to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Gundam franchise. The album reached No. 3 on Oricon's Weekly Album Chart on August 16, making it her first top-10 album since 1991's Eternal Songs. On November 16, 2019, the album was announced as one of six recipients of the Planning Award at the 61st Japan Record Awards, which was held on December 30. Moriguchi's follow-up album Gundam Song Covers 2 was originally planned for release on June 10, 2020, but due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the release date was pushed to September 16, 2020.

In June 2021, Moriguchi announced the release of her 35th anniversary album  on August 4. It was her first original studio release since her 1997 album Happy Happy Blue. Moriguchi also hosted a special concert at the Tokyo International Forum Hall C on October 3. In December 2021, Moriguchi announced the release of Gundam Song Covers 3 on March 9, 2022.

Following the release of Gundam Song Covers 3, Bandai Namco announced that Moriguchi would record "Ubugoe" as the theme song of the film Mobile Suit Gundam: Cucuruz Doan's Island. "Ubugoe" peaked at No. 10 on Oricon's charts, becoming her first top-10 since "Whistle" in 1993.

On March 4, 2023, Moriguchi announced the release of Anison Covers on May 24. The album features her covers of popular anime theme songs from the 1980s and 1990s.

Moriguchi currently co-hosts the variety show Anison Days alongside singer/songwriter Mikio Sakai on BS11. She is also the host of her own radio show Kiss & Smile on Bay FM 78.

Personal life
During the 1990s, Moriguchi suffered from cold sensitivity. Starting in 2000, she changed her diet and sleeping habits to remedy her condition.

Discography

 Mizu no Hoshi e Ai wo Komete (1985)
 Prime Privacy (1989)
 Tranquility -Yasashii Hoshi de- (1991)
 Hikkoshi wo Suru yo! (1992)
 Issho ni Aruite Ikeru (1993)
 Ashita Genki Nina are (1993)
 Let's Go (1994)
 Parade (1995)
 Kitto Aitaku Narudeshō (1996)
 Happy Happy Blue (1997)
 Gundam Song Covers (2019)
 Gundam Song Covers 2 (2020)
 Aoi Inochi (2021)
 Gundam Song Covers 3 (2022)
 Anison Covers (2023)

Bibliography
  (Fresh Scholar, 1988 May)
 Wow (Scholar, 1990 April)
 Cool (Bunkasha, 1997 June)
  (2015 April)

Filmography

TV

Kōhaku Uta Gassen appearances

References

External links

  (King Records)
 Official profile at NoReason

1968 births
Living people
Japanese actresses
Japanese idols
Japanese women pop singers
Japanese women singer-songwriters
Japanese singer-songwriters
Anime singers
Singers from Fukuoka
Horikoshi High School alumni
King Records (Japan) artists
20th-century Japanese women singers
20th-century Japanese singers
21st-century Japanese women singers
21st-century Japanese singers


Ed Masuga is an American singer, musician, and songwriter from Big Bear Lake, California.

Ed Masuga's music is characterized by acoustic guitar fingerpicking and a strong yet mellifluous vocal style. Although best known for his intricate guitar work, Masuga also accompanies himself on piano, banjo, ukulele, mandolin, and harmonica. He has released four independent albums; a self-titled debut album "Ed Masuga",  "Lonely Dog", "Let Me Tune My Heartstrings", and "Old Moon."

Biography
Ed Masuga is the youngest of ten siblings. After bringing him home as a newborn with the birth tag "Boy Masuga" on his wrist, his parents ended up calling him "Boy" for the first few years of his life. When they started calling him "Danny," a shortened version of his given name, he refused, preferring to go by his middle name. So struck was he by a popular country star of the time, young Ed Masuga would reply to those calling him "Danny" by saying, "I'm not Danny. I'm Eddie. Eddie Rabbit."

His drifting family was never satisfied in any one place for too long, and he grew up bouncing between shacks, motels, casinos, trailers, forests, and barroom kitchens. At the age of two years he saw his dad compete on the game show "Name That Tune," and though the appearance netted just a jukebox and a trip to Puerto Rico, Ed's future as a traveling musician had been fully inspired. Masuga moved to the San Francisco Bay Area to attend college at UC Berkeley, and initially became known in the folk music community while performing at student co-op houses.

His sister is the writer Katy Masuga.

Discography
Old Moon (2016)
Let Me Tune My Heartstrings (2010)
Lonely Dog (2008)
Ed Masuga (2006)

References

External links
Official Ed Masuga website
San Francisco Bay Guardian review
Performer Magazine 'Let Me Tune My Heartstrings' album review

American folk musicians
American folk guitarists
American male guitarists
Musicians from Berkeley, California
1978 births
Living people
University of California, Berkeley alumni
People from Big Bear Lake, California
Berkeley Student Cooperative alumni
Singer-songwriters from California
Guitarists from California
21st-century American male singers
21st-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American guitarists
American male singer-songwriters


The Excellence Research Centers are national networks of research groups in Colombia who pursue a common problem in a scientific and technological area of national strategic importance.  The centers are part of the national public policy for the promotion of research through the creation or strengthening of national research programs in complex and priority subjects that require interdisciplinary, interinstitutional, intersectoral, and international collaboration.  The centers are funded by COLCIENCIAS and participating universities and institutions.

There are seven participating centers in Colombia:

 Biodiversity and Genetic Resources Research and Studies Center (, CIEBREG)
 National Research Center for the Agroindustrialization of Aromatic and Medicinal Tropical Vegetable Species (, CENIVAM)
 Colombian Research Center in Tuberculosis (, CCITB)
 Excellence Center for Novel Materials (, CENM)
 Excellence Center for Modeling and Simulation of Complex Phenomena and Processes (, CEIBA)
 Colombian Observatory for the Development, the Citizen Convivency, and the Institutional Strengthening in Regions strongly affected by Armed Conflict (, ODECOFI)
 Colombian Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics of Extreme Environments (, GeBix)

Notes

External links
 CIEBREG official site
 CENIVAM official site
 CENM official site
 CEIBA official site
 ODECOFI official site
 GeBix official site

Science and technology in Colombia
Scientific organisations based in Colombia


François-Benjamin Chaussemiche (June 4, 1864 – 1945) was a French architect.

Chaussemiche was born in Tours, and in 1883 entered the École des Beaux-Arts where he became a student and later colleague of Victor Laloux. He won the Prix de Rome for architecture in 1893, and served as chief architect of the Palace of Versailles from 1917-1924, during which time he created the Parc botanique de Jussieu (now the Arboretum de Chèvreloup).

Selected works
 1903 - restoration of the temple of Jupiter Anxur (Terracina, Italy).
 1904-1904 - Grands Thermes spa of Châtel-Guyon.
 Musée d'Alésia (Alise-Sainte-Reine).
 1913 - restoration of palaces and gardens of Versailles and the Grand and Petit Trianon.
 1920 - total reconstruction of châteaux of Monceaux at Méhoudin.
 1930-1933 - Botanical gallery of the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris.

References
 Notice biographique et inventaire d'un petit fonds d'archives

1864 births
1945 deaths
People from Tours, France
19th-century French architects
20th-century French architects
Prix de Rome for architecture
École des Beaux-Arts alumni
Architects from Versailles


Magomed Abdusalamov (; born 25 March 1981) is a Russian former professional boxer who competed from 2008 to 2013. As an amateur he won the 2005 and 2006 Russian national championships in the super-heavyweight division. He turned professional in 2008, fighting nineteen times at heavyweight and winning his first eighteen by knockout. In 2013, Abdusalamov was forced to retire from the sport due to severe brain injuries sustained during his only career defeat.

Early life
Magomed Abdusalamov was born in Dagestan's capital city of Makhachkala on 25 March 1981. He grew up in a strict Muslim household and was his parents' first male child. Growing up in a large family, from an early age his disciplinarian father pushed his son into sports as a way to shelter him from the growing violence and crime in the city.

Amateur career
In spite of his success at the nationals 2005 and 2006, hard-punching southpaw Abdusalamov stood in the shadows of Islam Timurziev, who was regularly sent to international competitions ahead of him.

He did not qualify for the 2008 Olympics after losing to eventual bronze medalist David Price in a qualifier.

Professional career
Abdusalamov turned pro in 2008 and won his first four bouts for Warriors boxing.

Of his nineteen professional fights he got eighteen wins, all by KO or TKO.

In September 2012, he was dropped hard by Jameel McCline in the first round, but won by TKO in the second round to win the vacant World Boxing Council United States Heavyweight title at Olympiyskiy in Moscow, Russia.  He defended the USNBC title twice with stoppage wins in 2013, against Victor Bisbal in Atlantic City, New Jersey in March 2013, and Sebastian Ceballos in Buenos Aires, Argentina in April 2013.

On 2 November 2013, Abdusalamov took on Mike Perez in a 10-round fight for his title at Madison Square Garden in New York City as part of an HBO event featuring Gennady Golovkin in the main event. In a largely one-sided fight, which was scored seven rounds to three on two scorecards, Abdusalamov lost his title as Perez landed a bevy of power punches that the champion managed to withstand despite being cut late in the fight.

Brain injury
Abdusalamov was cleared of brain injury by Barry Jordan, Chief Medical Officer of the New York State Athletic Commission. Immediately afterwards, Abdusalamov took a taxi from Madison Square Garden to Roosevelt Hospital on the Upper West Side. The doctors who examined Abdusalamov found that he had sustained a large blood clot on his brain, in addition to the wear and tear he suffered during the course of the fight. Doctors put Abdusalamov into medically induced coma as a way to give the swelling in his brain time to subside. Shortly after being put into a coma, he had a stroke, leading doctors to fear he was going to die. On 6 November 2013, his condition was described as critical but stable.

Abdusalamov's wife, Bakanay Abdusalamova, and their three daughters were with him in hospital.

Doctors briefly awakened Abdusalamov from his medically induced coma and removed his respirator on the morning of 22 November. He was brought back into medically induced coma later that day as a precautionary measure after his temperature rose to 103 degrees.

On Monday, 9 December, it was reported that the 32-year-old heavyweight was again out of coma, awake and aware of his surroundings, and that his condition had improved sufficiently to allow him to be moved to a regular room. "They said this is different than last time, because this time he's showing more improvement. He's awake. He's not able to speak, but he's awake and aware of his surroundings even if he can't speak. His eyes are open," said his promoter, Sampson Lewkowicz.

On 19 December 2013, the neurosurgeon attending to Abdusalamov said in his opinion, Abdusalamov's career was over, despite his condition improving. "He's going to get better, I'm confident", Dr. Rupendra Swarup said, "but he will not be the same. He's going to have neurological deficits."

In late May 2014, his wife Bakanay Abdusalamov told BoxingScene.com that Magomed was showing signs of improvement – he could recognize relatives, understand everything they were telling him, and was able to speak in short sentences with a low voice.

Medical bills

With Abdusalamov's family facing "staggering" medical bills from the very start, promoters Lewkowicz, Lou DiBella, Leon Margules, and others called for donations and set up a trust fund. The Abdusalamov family is also accepting donations directly and boxing charity Ring 10 has similarly called for donations.

Lawsuit
In February 2014 it was reported that the family would sue the New York State Athletic Commission seeking $100 million in damages.

On 8 September 2017, New York State agreed to pay $22 million to Abdusalamov and his family following a lawsuit where the issue of assumed risk came to play. This was the largest personal injury award issued by New York State.

Speaking through his wife as his interpreter, Abdusalamov and his attorney, Paul Edelstein, are pushing for federal legislation to improve boxing safety. Currently, boxing regulations are mandated by the particular state in which a fight takes place.  Edelstein has called for one set of rules to protect sport fighters across the United States.

Professional boxing record

References

External links

Russian Championships 2005
Russian Championships 2006

1981 births
Living people
Russian people of Dagestani descent
Russian Muslims
Heavyweight boxers
Super-heavyweight boxers
People with traumatic brain injuries
Russian male boxers
People with severe brain damage
Dargwa people
Sportspeople from Makhachkala