Austrovenus stutchburyi, common name the New Zealand cockle or New Zealand little neck clam, is an edible saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Veneridae, the Venus clams. Its Māori name is  (North Island) or  (South Island).

Habitat
Cockles live in harbours and estuaries in New Zealand. They live in the subtidal to intertidal zone, and when they are in the intertidal zone they live between the low tide mark and the mid tide mark. Cockles are unable to survive above the mid tide mark because of the increased exposure time. Cockles prefer to live in soft mud and fine sand, however they can be suffocated by extremely fine sand. For this reason, they mainly live in areas with a large grain size. The cockles bury 2 to 3 cm under the sand.

Body
Cockles have a soft body which is protected from predation, desiccation and wave movement by a sturdy shell.

Predators find it difficult to pierce the shell of adult cockles. Sea birds drop cockles from high up, smashing their shells, to eat the body, but fish (such as flounder) can't break the shells. Younger cockles are more vulnerable to predation because their shells aren't as hard as adult cockles.

If a cockle lives in the intertidal zone it is protected against desiccation by the shell closing tightly together (the adductor muscles do this). A small amount of water is stored inside the shell, keeping the cockles body moist.

Strong wave action can dislodge cockles. The shell prevents damage to the body when it is drifting around in the water.

Predation and parasites

Cockles are a major food source for South Island oystercatchers. An individual oystercatcher is estimated to eat around 200,000 cockles in a year. The flatworm Curtuteria australis is a parasite that infects cockles, demobilising them so that they are more easily eaten by oystercatchers. Once the larvae have been ingested by the birds, they lay eggs, which are excreted and consumed by whelks, who is turn are a food source for cockles.

Lifespan

If not eaten by birds or humans, Austrovenus stutchburyi can live up to 20 years.

In a human context

Cockles are a traditional food source for Māori. Historically, cockle beds were managed due to the risk of overharvesting, and rāhui were often placed in areas as a measure to allow cockle populations to recover. Cockle shells were traditionally used as tweezers for hair removal.

See also
Venerupis philippinarum

References

 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Glen Pownall, New Zealand Shells and Shellfish, Seven Seas Publishing Pty Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand 1979

Veneridae
Bivalves of New Zealand
Bivalves described in 1828
New Zealand seafood
Endemic molluscs of New Zealand


Austrovenus aucklandica, or the Auckland Islands cockle, is a bivalve mollusc of the family Veneridae.

References
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

Veneridae
Bivalves of New Zealand
Molluscs described in 1932


Austrovenus is a genus of marine bivalve molluscs, in the family Veneridae. This genus is native to New Zealand.

Species
Species in the genus Austrovenus include:
 Austrovenus aucklandica Powell, 1932 – Auckland Islands cockle
 Austrovenus stutchburyi (Wood, 1828) – New Zealand cockle, New Zealand little neck clam

References

 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

Veneridae
Bivalves of New Zealand
Bivalve genera
Taxa named by Harold John Finlay


Buerger's test is performed  in an assessment of arterial sufficiency. It is named after Leo Buerger. The vascular angle, which is also called Buerger's angle, is the angle to which the leg has to be raised before it becomes pale, whilst lying down. In a limb with a normal circulation the toes and sole of the foot, stay pink, even when the limb is raised by 90 degrees. In an ischaemic leg, elevation to 15 degrees or 30 degrees for 30 to 60 seconds may cause pallor. (This part of the test checks for elevation pallor.)  A vascular angle of less than 20 degrees indicates severe ischaemia.

From a sitting position, in normal circulation, the foot will quickly return to a pink colour. Where there is peripheral artery disease the leg will revert to the pink colour more slowly than normal and also pass through the normal pinkness to a red-range colouring (rubor - redness) often known as sunset foot. This is due to the dilatation of the arterioles in an attempt to rid the metabolic waste that has built up in a reactive hyperaemia. Finally the foot will return to its normal colour. This part of the test is known as a check for rubor of dependency.

The test may also be used in the diagnosis of erythromelalgia.

See also
 Peripheral vascular examination
 Claudication

References

Vascular procedures


Barbatia novaezelandiae, or the New Zealand ark, is a bivalve mollusc of the family Arcidae.

References
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Glen Pownall, New Zealand Shells and Shellfish, Seven Seas Publishing Pty Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand 1979

novaezelandiae
Bivalves of New Zealand
Molluscs described in 1915


Barnea similis, a rock borer or piddock, is a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Pholadidae.

References
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Glen Pownall, New Zealand Shells and Shellfish, Seven Seas Publishing Pty Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand 1979
 Miller M & Batt G, Reef and Beach Life of New Zealand, William Collins (New Zealand) Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1973

Bivalves of New Zealand
Bivalves described in 1835
Pholadidae


Hathuwa Raj was a chieftaincy belonging to Baghochia dynasty of Bhumihars. It encompassed 1,365 villages, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees.
It was located in the Saran Division of Bihar. Earlier seats of the Raj included Huseypur, Kalyanpur, Balchowra and Baghoch. The Kalyanpur chieftaincy was subjugated by the Mughal Emperor Akbar during late 16th century.

History
The first reference to the Kalyanpur family arises in 1539 when a Bhumihar king Raja Jay Mal provided asylum to Humayun after his defeat at the Battle of Chausa. He provided Humayun with food and fodder for his troops. Once Sher Shah Suri fully established his control over North India, he took stern action against Jay Mal who fled into the forest and engaged in rebellion. However, once Humayun reestablished himself, he granted four parganas to Jay Mal's grandson, Raja Jubraj Shahi. Jubraj Shahi later engaged in a conflict with the Afghan chief, Kabul Mohammed who Jubraj Shahi later defeated and killed in battle.
Sir Kishen Pratap Sahi Bahadur who was the Maharaja between 1874 and 1896 was an ascetic. Soon after his coronation, he set out on a pilgrimage to the shrines of Northern India. Later on he used to regularly go on travelling and pilgrimage, mostly in Benares.
Due to its central location, Hathwa was the seat of the raja's residential palace and its nearby villages housed most of the key retainers of the estate.

In addition to the estate Kachcheri (office), located in the Hathwa cluster of villages, were the estate manager's bungalow, the Diwan's house, the Hathwa Eden School, the post office, the Raj dispensary, the Durga medical hall and the temple called Gopal mandir.

By the 1840s Hathwa was described as having large bazaars and bi-weekly markets. By the early nineteenth century, there were forts, palaces, and several temples constructed. An early twentieth-century account describes Hathwa as an impressive standard market, its shops offering a range of agricultural and consumer goods and its specialists providing a variety of services. The presence of schools and temples further accentuated its centrality in the locality. The estate collected ₹1400 annually as professional tax from traders stationed at Hathwa.

The ruling family of Hathwa Raj were related to the Majhauli Raj of Gorakhpur district. However, the full genealogy of the Hathwa family has been lost as the farmans, nishads and parwanas were destroyed when Fateh Bahadur Sahi rebelled.

Durga Puja
Durga Puja was a major attraction for the Hathwa Raj family and all the family members would gather to worship their Durga at Thawe Mandir. Rituals consisted of the Maharaja traveling in a buggy to the Gopal Mandir, and then to the Sheesh Mahal for the annual durbar and onwards on an elephant for darshan of the Maiyya on Vijayadashmi. The Hathwa family still celebrates some of the customs including sacrificing buffaloes and goats during puja.

See also
Zamindars of Bihar

Notes

Further reading

History of Bihar
Zamindari estates
Hindu dynasties
Indian maharajas
Quasi-princely estates of India
States and territories disestablished in 1956
1956 disestablishments in India


The Tsouic languages (also known as the Central Formosan languages) are three Formosan languages, Tsou proper and the Southern languages Kanakanavu and Saaroa. The Southern Tsouic languages of Kanakanavu and Saaroa have the smallest phonemic inventories out of all the Formosan languages, with each language having only 13 consonants and 4 vowels (Blust 2009:165). These two languages are highly endangered, as many Southern Tsouic speakers are shifting to Bunun and Mandarin Chinese.

The Proto-Tsouic language was reconstructed by Japanese linguist Shigeru Tsuchida in 1976, and is supported by Blust (1999), Li (2008), and Sagart (2014). However, Chang (2006) and Ross (2009) deny that Tsouic is a valid group; Ross places Southern Tsouic within Nuclear Austronesian (the family of the various proto-Austronesian reconstructions), but the Tsou language as a more divergent branch.

Sagart (2014) supports Tsouic on the basis on shared irregular phonological reflexes confined to specific terms, in addition to over 57 terms reconstructed by Tsuchida that appear in no other Austronesian clade.

Classification
Tsou
Southern Tsouic
Kanakanavu
Saaroa

Sound changes
The following sound changes from Proto-Austronesian occurred in the Tsouic languages (Li 2008:215).
 *C, *d > c
 *y > Proto-Tsouic *z
 *R > r

References

Further reading
 Tsuchida, S. (1976). Reconstruction of Proto-Tsouic phonology. [Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo Gaikokugo Daigaku.
 Chang, Henry Yungli (2006). "Rethinking the Tsouic Subgroup Hypothesis: A Morphosyntactic Perspective." In Chang, H., Huang, L. M., Ho, D. (eds.). Streams converging into an ocean: Festschrift in honor of Professor Paul Jen-Kuei Li on his 70th birthday. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.

Formosan languages
Languages of Taiwan


Bassina is a genus of bivalve molluscs in the family Veneridae.

Species
 Bassina disjecta (Perry, 1811)
 Bassina foliacea (Philippi, 1846)
 Bassina jacksoni (Smith, 1885)
 Bassina pachyphylla
 Bassina yatei (Gray, 1835)

References
 NZ Mollusca

Veneridae
Bivalves of Australia
Bivalves of New Zealand
Bivalve genera


The Integral Coach Factory (ICF) coach is a conventional passenger coach used on the majority of Indian Railways (IR) lines. The Philippine National Railways (PNR) was a previous user of the cars, but retired the last of them in 2009.

Indian Railways is currently phasing out ICF coaches and replacing them with newer LHB coaches are expected to address many of these issues.

History
The design of the coach was developed by Integral Coach Factory, Perambur, Chennai, India in collaboration with the Swiss Car & Elevator Manufacturing Co, Schlieren, Switzerland in the 1950s. The design is also called the Schlieren design based on the location of the Swiss company.

The first ICF coach had been flagged by then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 2 October 1955. The last ICF coach was flagged off by senior technician Shri Bhaskar P. in the presence of Railway Board Chairman Ashwani Lohani on 19 January 2018.

Image gallery

See also
 Bo-Bo – The wheel arrangement of ICF coaches as per the UIC classification

References

Railway coaches of India


Bassina yatei is a bivalve mollusc of the family Veneridae.

References
 Powell A W B, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979

Veneridae
Bivalves of New Zealand
Bivalves described in 1835
Taxa named by John Edward Gray


Mabi forests (also known as Complex Notophyll Vine Forests) are a type of ecological community found in the Australian state of Queensland which is considered to be  critically endangered and which consists of remnant patches found only either in North Queensland's Atherton Tablelands or at Shiptons Flat (also known as Kuna) along the Annan River.

Distribution
Mabi forests, also known as Complex Notophyll Vine Forests, are confined to the Atherton Tableland with the exception of small remnant patch at Shiptons Flat which is also known as Kuna along the banks of Annan River.

Botanist Tony Irvine writing for Trees for the Evelyn and Atherton Tablelands Inc in 2004, described their distribution, then, as follows:"..today remnants consist of Curtain Fig including Thomas Road, Picnic Crossing, Kairi Research Station, Cullamungie Pocket (slightly south of Pelican Point but on the eastern side of Tinaroo Dam), Halloran's Hill, Nasser's Property (Wongabel), Wongabel State Forest, Nicholas Creek, Tolga Scrub and other small scattered areas of less than 0.5 ha on private property. Curtain Fig is the largest remnant, roughly consisting of slightly less than 4 square kilometres in area."

Source of name
The name "Mabi" is a locally indigenous Dyirbal and Yidiny language name for the Lumholtz tree kangaroo The name "Mabi forest" was given to this particular type of ecological community, as it is a forest type and habitat that supports high populations of Lumholtz tree kangaroos (aka Mabi)

Likely conservation status
A Threatened Species Scientific Committee charged with advising on the conservation status of native species and ecological communities recommended the remnant Mabi forests be listed as "critically endangered" for the following reasons:

"There is only 1050 ha of Mabi Forest left, and this occurs as a series of small, isolated patches. Many of the remnant patches of Mabi Forest are being invaded by exotic smothering vines, and feral and domestic animals. The use of remnant patches of Mabi Forest by stock can impact on this ecological community through trampling, grazing and soil compaction."

Characteristics

Mabi forests are a particular kind of dense vine forest that grows on nutrient rich yet porous volcanic soils with annual rainfalls averaging between 1300 – 1600 mm and a severe seasonal dry around October of each year

These ecological communities can be distinguished from other forests types by their thick layer of shrubs and many vines growing beneath more open canopies of semi-evergreen and scattered deciduous trees (reaching upwards to between 25m and 45 m high).

Irvine described Mabi forests as follows:"..the key thing about Mabi Forest...is that it has mostly tall canopy trees, many vines and a dense shrub layer."

"Key diagnostic features of Mabi forest are:
 Many trees with plank buttresses up to 45m tall
 A well-developed layer of specific shrub species and scrambling lawyer vines.
 A high presence of deciduous and semi-deciduous trees.
 Scattered large lianas and many slender vines
 Large-sized individual epiphytic ferns
 High presence of stinging bushes along edges and in large canopy gaps
 Usually has seasonal wilting of the understorey and seasonal heavy leaf fall."

Irvine further describes the multiple layers of typical Mabi forest as follows:

"The forest may have up to six layers of vegetation. The canopy is uneven and consists of:
 Scattered emergent trees, 40-45m tall
 A main canopy, 25-40m tall but occasionally as low as 14-20m...
 A subcanopy, 12-20m tall
 A lower layer, 6-8m tall. This layer tends to be absent in areas with lower upper canopies.
 A predominantly dense shrub and scrambling lawyer vine zone 1-5m tall.
 A zone of seedling trees, shrubs, vines and herbs 0-1m tall."

References

External links
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (2009). Mabi Forest (Complex Notophyll Vine Forest 5b) Accessed 21 March 2009
Department of Environment and Heritage (2004) Map of Mabi Forest Threatened Ecological Communities, Wet Tropics BioRegion Accessed 17 March 2009
State of Queensland's Environment Protection Agency (2008) "Recovery Plan for Mabi Forest" Accessed 27 April 2010

Forests of Queensland
Environment of Queensland


The Atayalic languages are a group of Formosan languages spoken in northern Taiwan. Robert Blust considers them to form a primary branch within the Austronesian language family, However, Paul Jen-kuei Li groups them into the Northern Formosan branch, which includes the Northwestern Formosan languages.

Classification

Li (1981) and Li (1982) classify the Atayalic languages and dialects as follows:

Atayalic
Atayal
Squliq Atayal
Squliq
Maspaziʔ
Pyanan
Lmuan
Habun Bazinuq
Syanuh
Kulu
ŋŋupa
Haga-Paris
Kubaboo
Rghayuŋ
C'uli' Atayal (also known as Ts'ole' Atayal)
Skikun, Mnibuʔ
Mnawyan
Mayrinax (includes female and male registers)
Mabatuʔan
Matabalay
Sakuxan
Palŋawan
Mkgugut
Pyahaw
Ryuhiŋ
Mtlaŋan
Knŋyan
Seediq
Toŋan
Toda
Truwan
Inago

Reconstruction

The Proto-Atayalic language was reconstructed by Taiwanese linguist Paul Jen-kuei Li in 1981. Proto-Atayalic had final voiced stops, which are preserved in the Mayrinax dialect of Cʔuliʔ Atayal. These voiced stops include *-b, *-d, *-g, and *-g'. However, they are now lost in many dialects of Atayal, Seediq, and also Pazeh (Blust 2009:615).

References

Notes

General references

Languages of Taiwan


Kamil Mikulčík (born November 18, 1977) is a Slovak singer and actor who was the represented Slovakia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with Nela Pocisková. They failed to reach the final.

Personal life
In 2009, Mikulčík married Czech Lion-nominee actress Kristína Farkašová, whom he divorced the following year (2010).

Filmography

See also
 The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time

References

1977 births
Living people
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2009
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Slovakia
21st-century Slovak male singers


Alope spinifrons is a shrimp of the family Hippolytidae, the broken-back shrimps.

Distribution
Known from New Zealand at least.

References

 ZipCodeZoo

Hippolytidae
Marine crustaceans of New Zealand
Animals described in 1837


Gilbert Classical Academy (GCA) is a choice 7th-12th junior high and high school in the Gilbert Public Schools district. It opened in 2007, replacing the former Tech and Leadership Academy in that district which served 9th–12th grades.

Students a follow a strict dress code. Uniform options for bottoms include khaki shorts, pants, and skorts and purple and yellow plaid skirts and skorts. Polos can be white, purple, or yellow. Seniors are permitted to wear black polos or dress shirts. On Fridays, seniors and teachers are encouraged to wear college shirts.

Students in grades 9 through 12 are able to participate in some Arizona Interscholastic Association-sanctioned sports. Gilbert Classical Academy had its first graduating class in 2011. In 2017 the school created a program for Special Ed students.

In 2017, the school took over the campus of the Gilbert Jr High School.

This school has been ranked third in the state and tenth in the nation.

In 2018, the school was awarded the honor of being a Blue Ribbon School.

Curriculum and Traditions
Courses at Gilbert Classical Academy employ the Socratic method of instruction, and all courses are entirely honors or Advanced Placement courses. All junior high students are required to learn Latin.

Each student has the option to receive a district-issued Chromebook or laptop computer that facilitates the integration of technology into the curriculum. District-issued computers are monitored and used to issue standardized testing.

Students are required to perform 80 hours of community service and must write and defend a 4,000 word Senior Thesis Project as a graduation requirement.

GCA employs some 30 faculty members (including 23 teachers). The school was created by its founding principal, Mr. Brian Rosta.

References

External links

Education in Gilbert, Arizona
Educational institutions established in 2007
Public high schools in Arizona
Schools in Maricopa County, Arizona
Public middle schools in Arizona
2007 establishments in Arizona


Nela Pocisková (born 4 October 1990 in Bratislava) is a Slovak singer who represented Slovakia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with Kamil Mikulčík. They failed to reach the Eurovision final.

In 2010, she won the fourth season of Let's Dance, the Slovak version of Dancing with the Stars.

Singles

 2009: Leť tmou (& Kamil Mikulčík)
 2010: Posledný deň (& Vladis)
 2011: Neviem sa nájsť
 2012: So in Love
 2013: Mysterious boy

Albums

 2013: WAR

Charts

Awards

See also
 The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2009
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Slovakia
21st-century Slovak women singers
Musicians from Bratislava


Michele Campanella (born 5 June 1947) is an Italian pianist who specialises in the music of Franz Liszt, and is also a conductor.

Campanella was born in Naples in 1947. He won the Alfredo Casella Prize at age 19, after studying with Vincenzo Vitale. This led to an international performing career, taking him to many countries (the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, China, Argentina, Brazil), regularly appearing at international music festivals such as Lucerne, Vienna, Berlin, Prague, Taormina, Turin, and Pesaro, and working with such conductors as Claudio Abbado, Gianluigi Gelmetti, Vernon Handley, Eliahu Inbal, Sir Charles Mackerras, Zubin Mehta, Riccardo Muti, Georges Prêtre, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Wolfgang Sawallisch, Thomas Schippers, Hubert Soudant, and Christian Thielemann.

He is also a regular chamber music player, and has often appeared with Salvatore Accardo, Rocco Filippini and Claudio Desderi.

He has devoted complete seasons to a single composer—Franz Liszt, Ludwig van Beethoven, Johannes Brahms.

He has recorded the complete works of Beethoven, Mozart's piano concertos, the complete variations by Brahms, and the complete Hungarian Rhapsodies and many of the major transcriptions of Liszt. For his Liszt recordings, Campanella received the Grand Prix du Disque of the Franz Liszt Society in Budapest in 1976, 1977 and 1998, as well as the "Premio della critica discografica italiana" in 1980. He also received the Fondazione Premio Napoli and Fondazione Guido e Roberto Cortese awards.

Campanella has also recorded works by Mily Balakirev, Ferruccio Busoni, Frédéric Chopin, Muzio Clementi, Modest Mussorgsky, Francis Poulenc, Maurice Ravel, Gioachino Rossini, Camille Saint-Saëns, Domenico Scarlatti, Franz Schubert, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, and Carl Maria von Weber.

Campanella is professor of piano at the Accademia Musicale Chigiana of Siena. He is also a member of the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia. He gives annual master classes at the Villa Rufolo in Ravello.

He has performed as conductor and soloist with several Italian orchestras, including the Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, the ORT-Orchestra della Toscana, the Haydn Orchestra of Bolzano and Trento, I Filarmonici di Verona, and the Orchestra da Camera of Padua.

References

1947 births
Living people
Italian classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Italian male pianists
Italian male conductors (music)
Piano pedagogues
Italian music educators
Musicians from Naples
21st-century Italian conductors (music)
21st-century Italian male musicians
21st-century classical pianists
Academic staff of Accademia Musicale Chigiana
Members of the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia


The East Formosan languages consist of various Formosan languages scattered across Taiwan, including Kavalan, Amis, and the extinct Siraya language. This grouping is supported by both Robert Blust and Paul Jen-kuei Li. Li considers the Siraya-speaking area in the southwestern plains of Taiwan to be the most likely homeland of the East Formosan speakers, where they then spread to the eastern coast of Taiwan and gradually migrated to the area of modern-day Taipei.

Languages
Kavalanic
Kavalan
Basay
Qauqaut
Amis–Sakizaya
Sakizaya
Amis
Sirayaic
Siraya
Taivoan–Makatao
Taivoan
Makatao

Luilang is often lumped together with the Ketagalan dialect of Basay, but is poorly attested and remains unclassified. Sagart posits it as a primary branch of Austronesian.

Evidence
Li presents the following criteria as evidence for an East Formosan subgrouping.

Merger of *C and *t as /t/
Merger of *D and *Z as /r/ or /l/ in Basay, as /z/ in Kavalan
Merger of *q, *H, *ʔɦ and zero
Merger of *j, *n, and *N as /n/
Shift of *k into /q/ and /q/ > /h/ (Basay only) before *a

Li notes that the split of *k into k and q (before *a) is shared exclusively by Basay and Kavalan. Like Kavalan and Basay, the Siraya language merges the patient-focus and locative-focus forms, although Amis distinguishes the two focus forms. Li also lists dozens of lexical innovations shared by the East Formosan languages.

The Basay, Kavalan, and Amis also share an oral tradition stating a common origin from an island called “Sinasay” or “Sanasay,” which is probably the Green Island of today.

References

Works cited

Formosan languages
Languages of Taiwan


Dorymenia quincarinata is a species of mollusc of solenogastres in the family Proneomeniidae. It was first described in 1970 by Winston Ponder as Proneomenia quincarinata.

Solenogastres may or may not be the sister group of  chitons.

Distribution
New Zealand

References

 García-Álvarez O. & Salvini-Plawen L.v. (2007). Species and diagnosis of the families and genera of Solenogastres (Mollusca). Iberus 25(2): 73-143.
 Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. Pp 196-219. in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch.

External links
 Salvini-Plawen, L. (2004). Contributions to the morphological diversity and classification of the order Cavibelonia (Mollusca: Solenogastres. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 70: 73-93

Solenogastres
Molluscs described in 1970
Taxa named by Winston Ponder


Davor Rimac (born 27 October 1971 in Zagreb) is a retired Croatian professional basketball player, a 6'7" (201 cm) guard. He was a member of the University of Arkansas Razorbacks 1994 NCAA champion men's basketball team, starting 12 games and averaging 4.8 points per game, as well as of the 1995 NCAA Tournament runner-up team.

Rimac played basketball professionally in Europe, including in Switzerland (where he won the Swiss league championship and cup in 2002 and 2004) and Croatia. His other teams included Dubrava, Cibona (junior team), Fayetteville Bulldogs, and later after college KK Zagreb, Basket Olympique Lausanne, Lugano Tigers, Geneva Devils and Hermes Analitica.

Along with NCAA and Switzerland's Cup and Championship, Rimac won a Croatian Junior championship with Dubrava and a Yugoslavian Junior championship with Cibona. He was named Gatorade Player of the year for the state of Arkansas in 1990. In high-school, he was a 2-sport athlete, and also won AAAA State in tennis.

His mother was a late Yugoslav Croatian basketball player Ružica Meglaj-Rimac. His brother is a former basketball player Slaven Rimac, who is currently an assistant coach for Bayern in Euroleague.

Notes

Living people
1971 births
Croatian people of Slovenian descent
Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball players
Croatian men's basketball players
Croatian expatriate basketball people in the United States
Croatian expatriate basketball people in Switzerland
Basketball players from Zagreb
Guards (basketball)


KZNM may refer to:

 KZNM (FM), a radio station (100.9 FM) licensed to serve Towaoc, Colorado, United States
 KVCN, a radio station (106.7 FM) licensed to serve Los Alamos, New Mexico, which held the call sign KZNM from 2001 to 2007


The Grismer Tire Company is a medium-sized automotive repair company. It has six locations in the Columbus, Ohio area, one just north of Cincinnati, Ohio in Fairfield, and the remaining 19 in Dayton. Grismer Tire has been selling Firestone tires since its founding in 1932. It is currently the main dealer of Nokian Tires in the Greater Dayton Area.

History
The Grismer Tire Company was founded by Charles Marshall during the Great Depression in 1932. Marshall was a salesman for Firestone and was interested in forming his own tire sales company. He persuaded a local banker from Indiana to loan him $13,000 in order to buy a small tire business in Dayton, Ohio from a man named Adam Grismer. Later, Marshall was able to convince Firestone to let him pay for the tires after he sold him - during a time when most transactions were cash only.

References

Companies based in Dayton, Ohio


A palm print refers to an image acquired of the palm region of the hand. It can be either an online image (i.e. taken by a scanner or CCD) or offline image where the image is taken with ink and paper.

The palm itself consists of principal lines, wrinkles (secondary lines), and epidermal ridges. It differs to a fingerprint in that it also contains other information such as texture, indents and marks which can be used when comparing one palm to another.

Palm prints can be used for criminal, forensic, or commercial applications. Palm prints, typically from the palm, are often found at crime scenes as the result of the offender's gloves slipping during the commission of the crime, and thus exposing part of the unprotected hand.

References

Biometrics
Fingerprints
Forensic evidence
Hand


Lee Morgan Vol. 3 is the third album by jazz trumpeter Lee Morgan released on the Blue Note label. It was recorded on March 24, 1957 and features performances by Morgan, Gigi Gryce, Benny Golson, Wynton Kelly, Paul Chambers and Charlie Persip. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow described  the album as "A fine hard bop date".

Track listing
All compositions by Benny Golson.
 "Hasaan's Dream" - 8:44
 "Domingo" - 9:22
 "I Remember Clifford" - 7:07
 "Mesabi Chant" - 6:09
 "Tip-Toeing" - 6:39
 "Tip-Toeing" [Alternate Take] - 6:40 Bonus track on CD

Personnel
 Lee Morgan - trumpet
 Benny Golson - tenor saxophone
 Gigi Gryce - alto saxophone, flute
 Wynton Kelly - piano
 Paul Chambers - bass
 Charlie Persip - drums

References

Hard bop albums
Lee Morgan albums
1957 albums
Blue Note Records albums
Albums produced by Alfred Lion
Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio
Albums recorded in a home studio


Sepioloidea pacifica, also known as the Pacific bobtail squid, is a species of cuttlefish native to the southern Pacific Ocean; it occurs off New Zealand in the west and in the Nazca and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges in the east.

The type specimen was collected off New Zealand and is deposited at the National Museum of New Zealand in Wellington. Sepioloidea pacifica was first described as a species in 1882 by T.W. Kirk.

Morphology

Mantle
Male mantles can grow up to 19 mm in length, and female mantles can grow up to 26 mm in length.

Suckers
Sepioloidea pacifica have rows of 5 biserial suckers, with the largest suckers closer to the edge of the arms.

References

External links

 Deep sea photography

Cephalopods of Oceania
Cuttlefish
Molluscs described in 1882
Molluscs of New Zealand
Molluscs of the Pacific Ocean


Artificial Studios was a computer game development and engine development company founded in 2001.

Artificial Studios first came to attention with their "Reality Engine", unveiled in 2004, a solution for games using next-generation DirectX9-powered graphics.
This is one of several "next-gen" engines, see Game Engines.

All of the Reality Engine intellectual property was purchased by Epic Games in 2005 and Artificial Studios co-founder and lead engine programmer, Tim Johnson, was also hired by Epic as part of the deal. All development on Reality Engine has ceased and all Reality Engine licensees are encouraged to upgrade to Unreal Engine 3.

In 2006, Artificial Studios released CellFactor: Combat Training, then CellFactor: Revolution, a free downloadable game (of which a demo was released in May 2006) designed to show off the capabilities of the AGEIA PhysX game physics acceleration chipset. The game used Artificial Studio's own 'Reality Engine' technology. The full game was released for free on May 8, 2007, and can be downloaded from a variety of gaming websites.

In 2007, Artificial Studios released Monster Madness: Battle For Suburbia, published by SouthPeak Games for the Xbox 360 and PC as their flagship title. The Monster Madness franchise was continued in 2008, by new developers, with Monster Madness: Grave Danger.

In 2008, Artificial Studios acquired funding for their unannounced title, codename "R6", from publisher Ignition Entertainment. A new studio was established, Ignition Entertainment: Florida, for development of this project. The studio had approximately 70 employees and the title was rumored for a "late 2009" release. The project was cancelled in 2010 and the studio was abruptly closed.

References

External links
 Artificial Studios official site
 Xbox.com - Monster Madness: Battle for Suburbia
 Cell Factor: Revolution
 Cell Factor: Combat Training

Companies established in 2001
Video game development companies
Video game companies of the United States


The  is an art museum in Tokyo's Marunouchi district.

History
The building is a faithful recreation of the original Mitsubishi Ichigokan which stood on the same location. Originally completed in 1894 and designed by British architect Josiah Conder, the building was torn down in 1968.  The construction company responsible for the current incarnation used portions of the original plans and materials used at the time of the original construction.  The new building, built out of red brick and cast concrete, has three stories above ground and two stories below.

Museum
Construction of the museum was completed in 2009 and it was opened April 6, 2010.  The museum includes approximately  of exhibition space, spread over 20 rooms, throughout the building's  floorplan.

The museum focuses on 19th-century Western artwork.  Included in the museum's own artwork is the Maurice Joyant collection, a group of over 200 works by Henri Toulouse-Lautrec. The theme of the opening exhibition will be "Manet and Modern Paris", in cooperation with Musée d'Orsay. An opening commemoration exhibition and logo design were announced in 2008.

Other central Tokyo museums
The Mitsubishi Ichigokan Museum is the fourth major art museum in central Tokyo.  Others include:
Bridgestone Museum of Art
Idemitsu Museum of Arts
Mitsui Memorial Museum

See also
 Meiji Seimei Kan
 Marunouchi
 Mitsubishi Estate Co., Ltd.

References

External links

 Mitsubishi Ichigokan Museum, Tokyo Homepage

Marunouchi
Art museums and galleries in Tokyo
Art museums established in 2010
2010 establishments in Japan
Buildings and structures in Chiyoda, Tokyo
Mitsubishi Estate


"Please Don't Go" is a song by Boyz II Men from their album Cooleyhighharmony. It reached number 49 on the US Billboard Hot 100 in 1992 and number three on the New Zealand Singles Chart in 1993.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

1990 songs
1992 singles
Boyz II Men songs
Motown singles
Pop ballads
Song recordings produced by Dallas Austin
Songs written by Nathan Morris


Iru Kodugal () is a 1969 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by K. Balachander. The film stars Gemini Ganesan, Sowcar Janaki, Jayanthi, Nagesh, V. S. Raghavan, S. N. Lakshmi and others. The story revolves around one man who was married to two women. Iru Kodugal won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil, the first film by Balachander to win the award. The film, which was based on a stage play of same name, was remade in Kannada as Eradu Rekhegalu, in Telugu as Collector Janaki and in Hindi as Sanjog.

Plot
Gopinath (Gemini Ganesan) falls in love with Janaki (Sowcar Janaki) and they get married in Kasi. The marriage is not accepted by Gopinath's mother and the couple gets separated. Janaki is pregnant and her father (V. S. Raghavan), realising that no man will marry Janaki a second time, decides to make her a collector. Gopinath meanwhile had moved to South India, where he later married Jaya (Jayanthi) by hiding his previous marriage. They live a happy life with their three children and Jaya's father. Gopinath works as a clerk in the collector's office. A new collector arrives at the office, and it turns out to be Janaki. They tend to work together, until one of the employees in Janaki's office, Babu (Nagesh), spreads a rumour stating that there is an affair between Janaki and Gopinath. This rumour reaches Jaya and she is completely disturbed. Jaya discovers the secret of Gopinath's affair with Janaki. Meanwhile, the sons of both Janaki and Jaya, Ramu and Prabhakar drowned in water and have been admitted to Hospital. Somehow Jaya manages the disturbance of the secret and accepts Janaki as her sister. But Ramu dies in hospital while Prabhakar survives. Jaya gives Janaki her son as a gift. Janaki and Prabhakar leave for abroad as Janaki received her duty abroad.

Cast
 Gemini Ganesan as Gopinath
 Sowcar Janaki as Janaki
 Jayanthi as Jaya
 Nagesh as Babu
 V. S. Raghavan as Janaki's father
 S. V. Sahasranamam as Jaya's father
 Harikrishnan as Harikrishnan
 S. Ramarao as Ramarao
 Gokulnath as Gnanaprakasham
 S. N. Lakshmi as Janaki's aunt
 Sachu
 Gemini Mahalingam
 Seshadri as Gopinath's father
 C. K. Saraswathi as Gopinath's mother
 Shoba as Shoba
 Sumathi as Sumathi
 Master Prabhakar as Prabhakar
 Master Adhinarayan as Ramu

Production
Iru Kodugal was based on the stage play of same name written by Joseph Anandan. It is the first collaboration between Balachander and Ganesan. Though uncharacteristic of Janaki to ask for roles, she asked Balachander for a role and got it. In a scene in the film Janaki's character meets the Chief Minister. Balachander wanted to bring in former Chief Minister C. N. Annadurai (he died 1969) for the scene but did not want to use a body double in his place. Instead, Annadurai's voice was imitated by Sivagangai Sethurajan. Also, a pair of glasses on the table and a pen in the foreground are seen, implying that Annadurai is the intended character.

Soundtrack
The music was scored by V. Kumar, and Vaali wrote the lyrics.

Release and reception
Iru Kodugal was released on 2 October 1969. The Indian Express praised Balachander for adapting the play very well: "No doubt they are very good dramatic moments but there is tendency to overdo the symbolism" and went on to praise the performances of the lead actors. Malathi Rangarajan appreciated Janaki's performance "stomped the screen and stole our hearts [..] came up with a stellar performance". The film was a commercial success, and won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil – President's silver medal in 1970, while Janaki won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress.

Legacy
Iru Kodugal It was remade in Kannada as Eradu Rekhegalu, in Telugu as Collector Janaki and in Hindi as Sanjog. Clips from the film were screened along with clips from other films such as Server Sundaram (1964), Arangetram (1973), Aval Oru Thodar Kathai (1974), Avargal (1977) and Azhagan (1991) at a function held in Balachander's honour at Tiruchirappalli in January 2015, a month after his death. Balachander later used the song "Punnagai Mannan" as the title for his 1986 film of the same name.

References

Bibliography

External links

1960s Tamil-language films
1969 films
Best Tamil Feature Film National Film Award winners
Films directed by K. Balachander
Films scored by V. Kumar
Films with screenplays by K. Balachander
Indian drama films
Indian films based on plays
Polygamy in fiction
Tamil films remade in other languages
1969 drama films


Blood Promise may refer to:
Blood Promise (novel), a novel by Richelle Mead
Blood Promise (film), a film made in Hong Kong in 1975
A Blood Promise, a DVD/CD recorded by the band Her Name Is Calla


Stoloteuthis maoria is a species of bobtail squid native to the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It occurs in Cook Strait and Chatham Rise off North Island in New Zealand, and has also been recorded from the Nazca and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges in the eastern Pacific.

S. maoria has very large eyes and protruding fins. The length of the mantle and head—excluding the tentacles—is up to 38 mm, and the width including fins is up to 36 mm.

The type specimen was collected off New Zealand and is deposited at the National Museum of New Zealand in Wellington.

S. maoria belongs to the genus Stoloteuthis.

References

External links

 Tree of Life web project: Stoloteuthis

Bobtail squid
Cephalopods of Oceania
Molluscs described in 1959
Molluscs of New Zealand
Molluscs of the Pacific Ocean


The Integration and Development Movement (, MID) is a developmentalist political party founded by Arturo Frondizi in Argentina. It is member of Juntos por el Cambio.

History

Background

Flying to Caracas, Venezuela in 1956, Argentine wholesaler and publisher Rogelio Julio Frigerio secretly negotiated an agreement between his friend, the centrist UCR's 1951 vice-presidential nominee Arturo Frondizi, and exiled populist leader Juan Perón. The arrangement provided the banned Peronists a voice in government in exchange for their support. The pact, a mere rumor at the time, created a rift within the UCR at their party convention in November 1956, forcing Frondizi and his supporters to run on a splinter (UCRI) ticket and leaving more anti-Peronist UCR voters with Ricardo Balbín, the party's 1951 standard bearer. Balbín was dealt a "February surprise" when, four days before the election, the exiled leader publicly endorsed Frondizi. Blank votes (Peronist voters' choice during the assembly elections of 1957, which they narrowly "won") became Frondizi votes, making him the winner of the 1958 elections.

President Frondizi designated Frigerio Secretary of Socio-Economic Affairs, a secondary post in the critical Economics Ministry the new president was forced to offer Frigerio due to steadfast opposition from the Argentine military; Frigerio was given informal say over a broad swath of economic policy, however. They inherited a difficult economic situation: declining exports and a growing need for costly imported motor vehicles, machinery and fuel, moreover, had caused Argentina to run trade deficits in seven out the past ten years. Unable to finance these easily, Frondizi's predecessors had resorted to "printing" money to cover the nation's yawning current account deficits, causing prices to rise around sixfold. Frigerio drafted the Law of Foreign Investment, which gave incentives and tax benefits to both local and foreign corporations willing to develop Argentina's energy and industry sectors, as well as giving foreign investors more legal recourse. Frigerio's plans also called for expanded public lending for homebuilders and local industry, public works investments and large petroleum exploration and drilling contracts with foreign oil companies. These investments helped make the Argentine economy nearly self-sufficient in its growing energy and industry needs and helped shape national policy even after Frondizi's forced resignation in 1962.

Foundation and early years

Frigerio and Frondizi founded the Movement for Integration and Development (MID) on a developmentalist platform, ahead of the 1963 elections. Unable to field candidates due to military and conservative opposition, the MID and Perón agreed on a "National Popular Front." The alliance was again scuttled by military pressure, and the MID endorsed a "blank vote" option.  Those among Frondizi's former allies who objected to this move backed progressive Buenos Aires Province Governor Oscar Alende, who ran on the UCRI ticket (its last) and finished second; this group later established the Intransigent Party. Following the pragmatic Arturo Illia's election, the MID was allowed to participate in the 1965 legislative elections, sending 16 members to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies.  Policy differences over Frondizi-era oil contracts, which Illia rescinded, led the MID to actively oppose him, however. Frigerio became a significant shareholder in Argentina's largest news daily, Clarín, following a 1971 deal made with the news daily's owner, Ernestina Herrera de Noble, whose late husband (Clarín founder Roberto Noble), had supported Frondizi.

Perón's return from exile imminent, the MID opted to endorse the aging leader's ticket for the 1973 elections and following seven years of military rule, the reopened Argentine Congress included 12 MID Deputies. Given little say by the new Peronist government, which, instead saw its policy shift from populism to erratic crisis management measures, Frigerio initially supported the 1976 coup against Perón's successor (his hapless widow, Isabel Perón). Freezing wages for prolonged stretches, deregulating financial markets and encouraging a flood of foreign debt and of imports, the dictatorship's policies helped undo much of what Frondizi and Frigerio had accomplished twenty years earlier.  This led the MID to abandon its early support for the regime and particularly for its chief economist, José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz, leading to threats against numerous MID figures.

End of dictatorship and present days
Allowing elections in 1983, the dictatorship left an insolvent Argentina, its business and consumer confidence almost shattered and its international prestige damaged following the 1982 Falklands War, an invasion Frigerio opposed. Taking up the MID's nomination for president in his first campaign for high office, Frigerio, however, refused to condemn the regime's human rights atrocities, something which deprived his longshot 1983 MID candidacy of needed support. Frigerio fared poorly on election night, garnering 4th place (1.5%) and electing no congressmen.

Elected by an ample margin, UCR leader Raúl Alfonsín left Frigerio out of the economic policy discussions he held before taking office. Frigerio succeeded the ailing Frondizi (earlier diagnosed with Parkinson's disease) as President of the MID in 1986. The MID maintained a considerable following in a number of Argentine provinces, such as in Formosa Province, where voters had fond memories of the Frondizi administration's development projects. Frigerio leveraged this influence there into an agreement with Justicialist Party (Peronist) Governor Floro Bogado for his support of developmentalist policies and a MID candidate for Congress in exchange for the MID's alliance with them in Formosa and in nearby Misiones Province, helping the Peronists wrest control of the Misiones Governor's office from the UCR in 1987. Frigerio negotiated something similar in the other end of the country, Santa Cruz Province; electing two MID councilwomen to the Río Gallegos City Council, Frigerio advised them to support Peronist candidates. These two city districts gave Justicialist Mayoral candidate Néstor Kirchner the deciding margin of victory in local elections in 1987. Mayor Kirchner went on become governor and, in 2003, President of Argentina. The party, which kept a presence in Congress from 1985 to 1995, endorsed Peronist candidate Carlos Menem in 1989, though their support soured when Menem turned to neo-liberal and free trade policies. Frigerio, the MID's senior figure following Frondizi's 1995 passing, endorsed President Kirchner's first Economy Minister, Roberto Lavagna, when he parted ways with the populist Kirchner ahead of the 2007 elections. Frigerio died in 2006, by then distanced from his former party. He was succeeded by a longtime collaborator, Carlos Zaffore, who was succeeded in 2012 by Gustavo Puyó.

References

External links
Official website of the MID

Liberal parties in Argentina
Developmentalist political parties in Argentina
Political parties established in 1963
Radical parties


Executive Order No. 10479 (18 FR 4899) is a directive by President Dwight Eisenhower that created the Government Contract Committee. Issued on August 13, 1953, the order sought to insure compliance with, and successful execution of, the equal employment opportunity program. Therefore, the United States Government enacted laws to guarantee equal employment opportunity to all employees, so that they receive fair and equitable treatment. The order directs that all qualified candidates seeking employment on government contracts or subcontracts will not be discriminated against due to their race, creed, color, or national origin.

There was some attempt to capitalize on the general administrative strategies of former Republican presidents while in office. According to Maranto, Republican politicians had long been known as non-bureaucratic. Therefore, in an effort to combat this image, President Eisenhower, and succeeding Presidents Nixon and Reagan, executed administrative decisions strategically.

Additional research on former United States President Dwight Eisenhower's economic policies and platforms detail the economic policies that Eisenhower pushed for, why he felt they were necessary, and how successful they were. In an historical analysis, Thurber questioned the effectiveness of the executive order and its ability to combat discrimination regarding government contract work due to its failure to fix systemic injustice and discrimination issues.

In 1961, President John F. Kennedy superseded the order with Executive Order 10925.

External links

Executive Order 10479 from the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration website.

References

1953 in American law
1953 in American politics
History of civil rights in the United States
Executive Orders of Dwight D. Eisenhower
History of affirmative action in the United States


Jim Dobson may refer to:
James Dobson, a.k.a. Jim Dobson, American evangelical Christian psychologist and founder of Focus on the Family
James Murray Dobson (1846–1924), British, a principal engineer of the Buenos Aires harbour works in the late 1880s
Jim Dobson (ice hockey) (born 1960), hockey player
Jim Dobson (baseball) (1939–2018)
James Dobson (actor), American actor


Mark Ashford-Smith (December 26, 1962 – June 7, 2013) was an English professional wrestler best known by his ring name Mark Starr. He competed as a member of several tag teams.

Wrestling career

Continental Wrestling Association (1986–1989)
Starr competed in the Memphis, Tennessee-based Continental Wrestling Association (CWA). His first championship came in 1987 when he teamed with veteran wrestler Steve Keirn to win the CWA International Tag Team Championship on April 27, 1987. They held the title belts for twelve days before dropping them to the team of Paul Diamond and Pat Tanaka. The CWA had an agreement with the American Wrestling Association (AWA) that allowed AWA titles to be defended in the CWA. This arrangement enabled Starr to compete for the AWA Southern Tag Team Championship by teaming with Billy Travis in a tournament for the vacant title. On June 8, 1987, Starr and Travis defeated Phil Hickerson and Mr. Shima to win the belts, which they held for almost a month.

Starr competed alongside his real-life brother, Christopher Ashford-Smith, who competed as Chris Champion, for several years and in multiple promotions. Despite their relationship, they used different last names during their time in the same promotion. In Memphis, the brothers formed a tag team known as Wild Side. They competed as a team in the 1988 Jim Crockett Sr. Memorial Cup tag team tournament. They defeated the Mexican Twin Devils in the first round before being eliminated by The Powers of Pain (The Barbarian and The Warlord). The brothers faced Action Jackson and Starr's former partner Billy Travis on July 3, 1989 for the CWA Tag Team Championship. The match ended in a no contest, and the title was held up pending a rematch. One week later, Starr and Champion defeated the former champions to win the title. They held the belts until September, when they dropped them to The Rock 'n' Roll Express.

Professional Wrestling Federation, Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and Japan (1989–1996)
Starr later competed in the Florida-based Professional Wrestling Federation (PWF), where he held the PWF Tag Team Championship on two occasions. He teamed with Lou Perez to defeat Jumbo Baretta and Dennis Knight on November 12, 1989 for the first win. Their reign lasted for four days, but Starr regained the championship the following year after the title was declared vacant. He joined up with Sgt. Rock to defeat Joe Gomez and Hurricane Walker to win the belts. Starr's first championship as a singles wrestler, and the final title of his career, came the following year. He defeated Ricky Fuji to win Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling's AWA World Light Heavyweight Championship, a title formerly recognized by the AWA. Then in 1992 he left Frontier Martial Arts Wrestling (FMW) and went to Pro Wrestling Fujiwara Gumi (PWFG). In 1995 he left PWFG and returned to FMW. Also worked for Fighting Network Rings and Tokyo Pro Wrestling. He wrestled his last match in Japan in 1996.

World Wrestling Federation and Various Promotions (1994–1995)
After Japan, Starr worked in various promotions in Puerto Rico, and the United States. On October 29, 1994 he dressed up as Doink the Clown at a NWC event in Las Vegas losing to Greg Valentine.

He worked for World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in late 1994 and early 1995 losing to Razor Ramon, Lex Luger, British Bulldog and Adam Bomb.

World Championship Wrestling (1993–1998)

Enhancement talent (1993–1995)
He remained with the company for several months before joining World Championship Wrestling (WCW). In WCW, he competed in the battle royal main events at the company's 1995 and 1996 World War 3 pay-per-views but was not victorious in either. Although these were his only televised appearances at WCW pay-per-views, he also competed in dark matches at Uncensored 1995, Slamboree 1995, and Bash at the Beach 1995, losing to Alex Wright, Sgt. Craig Pittman, and Road Warrior Hawk, respectively.

Men at Work (1995–1996)
In his later career, Starr formed a tag team known as Men at Work with Chris Kanyon in WCW. The team faced many of WCW's top tag teams but lost the majority of their matches. One notable victory came on the January 10, 1996 episode of WCW Saturday Night, when they defeated former WCW World Tag Team Champions Bunkhouse Buck and Dick Slater.

Final years and retirement (1996–1998)
Starr also competed as a singles wrestler, once again playing the role of a jobber. In one match, he teamed with Cobra, Prince Iaukea, and Rex King to face The Giant in a handicap match, which The Giant won in 38 seconds. He was also one of the many opponents defeated by Bill Goldberg during Goldberg's 173-match winning streak.

He would go on to challenge Dean Malenko and Ultimo Dragon for the WCW Cruiserweight Championship in 1997. One of Mark's most important final matches on WCW Monday Nitro was the infamous loss in the Superdome in New Orleans, to Diamond Dallas Page in 54 seconds. Starr's final match of his career took place against Sick Boy at Nitro on February 16, 1998.

He retired in 1998, due to a back injury.

Death
Starr died from a heart attack in Brandon, Florida on June 7, 2013; he was 50 years old.

Championships and accomplishments
Continental Wrestling Association
AWA Southern Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Billy Travis
CWA International Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Steve Keirn (1) Billy Joe Travis (1)
CWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Chris Champion
Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling
AWA World Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Professional Wrestling Federation
PWF Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Lou Perez (1) and Sgt. Rock (1)

References

External links
Profile at Online World of Wrestling
Profile at CageMatch

American male professional wrestlers
English male professional wrestlers
1962 births
2013 deaths
Sportspeople from Tampa, Florida
American people of British descent
20th-century professional wrestlers
21st-century professional wrestlers
AWA World Light Heavyweight Champions
NWA Florida Tag Team Champions


DVS Mindz is an American underground rap music group from Topeka, Kansas, United States, that was active primarily from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. DVS Mindz stands for Dope Versatile Styles Manifested IN a Direction to Zucceed and is pronounced "devious minds." The group's classic lineup consisted of four MCs: Str8jakkett, Killa The Hun, D.O.P.E., DL. In concert, DVS Mindz was backed by several different DJs, including Def DJ, DJ Vee, and Kutaculous. The band's sound was sparse, with raw beats and furious, nonstop rhyming from all members. DVS Mindz had catchy material, but many of its songs featured no chorus, just a sparse beat and verse after verse from the MCs. The band's lyrics were packed with inside jokes, mythology, pop-culture references, puns, numerology, religion, violence, and obscure references to the group's history. Each member also had alter egos and pseudonyms, and they sometimes rapped in those voices (For example, Str8Jakkett had another alter ego known as "Wrexx"). During its decade-long career, DVS Mindz released one critically acclaimed CD, and opened for a number of notable rap acts, including Run DMC, Wu Tang Clan, Sugarhill Gang, Redman, De La Soul, Digital Underground, Das EFX, Black Sheep, and Goodie Mob.

Formation and early work
DVS Mindz formed in 1991 when rappers Str8jakkett and Killa The Hun, who met as children and attended school together, began collaborating on music. D.O.P.E signed two years later and the trio debuted Nov. 4, 1993, at a Topeka talent show.

The group's original sound owed major influence to hardcore East Coast rap groups such as the Wu Tang Clan, as well as old-school rap acts such as Erik B and Rakim. The trio began recording and performing in earnest, eventually landing two tracks on an Ill Crew Universal 1998 compilation entitled "I.C.U.: The Revival." The tracks were "No Coast" and "Real MCs," both of which showcased the group's lyrical prowess, dexterous verbal interplay, and growing confidence. Through numerous shows in the Topeka, Lawrence, and Kansas City areas, DVS Mindz was becoming a popular live attraction. DVS Mindz continued to work with Ill Crew Universal on other projects and shows.

The trio took refuge in a dilapidated house at 1137 Washburn in Topeka, Kansas. Unable to afford utilities, the group paid for just enough electricity to run their recording gear. During this time, the group bonded and wrote a number of its most popular songs. The number 1137 also became a popular lyrical theme for DVS, cropping up in songs such as "No Coast" and "Tired of Talking." The group eventually recruited two more members who solidified the group's classic lineup, DJ Kutaculus and a young MC named DL.

In December, 1999, DVS Mindz opened for U-God, an affiliate of the Wu-Tang Clan, at the Bottleneck in Lawrence, Kansas. The group caught the eye of journalist Geoff Harkness, who wrote a favorable review of its Bottleneck performance that was published in the Lawrence Journal-World. Harkness followed up with an extensive article about the group a few months later, which appeared on the cover of a local music weekly. Harkness recounted his first time seeing the group in his book, Chicago Hustle and Flow: Gangs, Gangsta Rap, and Social Class, writing, "I was blown away. They were one of the most amazing bands I had seen, in any genre. I assumed they were from New York and touring with U-God."

Million Dolla Broke Niggaz

In May, 2000, the group released its debut album, Million Dolla Broke Niggaz, which contained tracks that dated back as far as 1994. The album spawned two popular songs, "Niggaz" and "Tired of Talking," both of which were nominated for song of the year by The Pitch. These and other songs showcased a much harder sound than the previous DVS Mindz recordings, surprising some of the group’s long-time fans. The group was also singled out by members of the local rap-music elite, who claimed that DVS Mindz was posturing and boring. Kansas City music writer JJ Hensley noted that “There are two schools of thought on the Mindz: those who think DVS Mindz is the area's tightest rap group and those who think their rhymes are unoriginal and their beats add nothing to the songs. There's some merit to both arguments."

Demencha Magazine weighed in with a review that compared the CD to "classic West Coast underground artists like Living Legends and Hieroglyphics come to mind as far as comparisons when you listen through these choice tracks featured off DVS’ Million Dolla Broke Niggaz album. They don’t pay much attention to choruses on this CD, in favor of just spitting flames back and forth for 15 tracks. More than half the album’s songs go for between 6–8 minutes in duration, and to hear these guys just trade verses (a’la Wu-Tang on 'Triumph') is amazing. Simply, Million Dolla Broke Niggaz is some old-school, local, underground shit in  rawest form." Str8jakkett explained the group's approach to recording this way: "It’s not that we didn’t know about counting bars, we just didn’t give a shit about counting bars. We wanted to spit. We come from a different era, as opposed to a lot of the younger guys coming into the game. They do a 16 and a chorus and a 16 and a chorus. We came up in the tundra. Spit. Give it your all. What was on that album, Million Dolla Broke Niggaz, was what I like to call 'off the corner rap.' Ain’t nobody trying to hear no chorus man, you know what I’m saying?"

Shawn Edwards controversy
In July 2000, local writer Shawn Edwards singled out DVS Mindz in a scathing review of a Memorial Day "beach concert" held at the Kansas City International Raceway. Edwards wrote: “20 local rap groups that had paid for the opportunity to perform delivered second-rate sets ... None of the groups, including rap veterans DVS Mindz from Topeka, captured the crowd's attention. They paced the stage, spewing out unintelligible lyrics. The audience wasn't rude -- but it clearly was unimpressed. As they tried to capture the crowd's attention, most of the artists began calling the people in the audience ‘motherfuckers’ and yelling ‘Suck my dick!’ They started talking down to people in the audience, calling them ‘haters’ for not responding to their music, and they invited women to dance explicitly on stage. The crowd briefly got excited as young women flashed their breasts, but the strip-club antics grew tiresome as each group tried the same stunts.”

Music writer JJ Hensley wrote about the band in the Pitch, noting that, "After the group was the lone act mentioned by the Pitch‘s Shawn Edwards in a cover story about a local promoter’s ill-fated events, the members of DVS Mindz felt they had been singled out for ridicule in connection to a concert that had far deeper problems than subpar sets by its performers. "No Respect" then became the unofficial Y2K battle cry for DVS Mindz, which took time out at every show to preach from the pulpit about the evils of the local music bureaucracy. Over time, these diatribes snowballed into full-blown conspiracy theories."

The group addressed the Edwards article from the stage at Lawrence's Liberty Hall on August 7, 2000, when it opened for the Wu Tang Clan. Kansas City music writer Andrew Miller wrote that DVS Mindz, "delivered a fierce set teeming with intensity and emotion. Using stop-and-start beats and group recital in an impressive fashion, the crew spit fire on tracks such as "Tired of Talking," and its DJ showed and proved on the turntables after the set was done. Like Wu-Tang, DVS treated fans to some "real live a cappella hip-hop lyrics," with one rant that blasted the music industry for sleeping on the Midwest and several others that brutally lambasted Pitch writer Shawn Edwards, who the group felt gave it a bum rap in his piece 'One More Chance.' ... This was the group's big-time showcase, and it proved to a tightly packed crowd and two touring bands that it deserves major-label interest."

Edwards eventually apologized for the flap and introduced the group onstage at the Hurricane in spring 2001 as part of a Klammies showcase. Soon afterwards, Million Dolla Broke Niggaz, which was nominated for “best local release” by The Pitch, lost to Shiner’s "Starless," furthering the group’s paranoia that the local press was out to get them. DVS was also up for another award from the Pitch in 2001, for "best rap artist." According to writer Jason Meier, while attending The Pitch awards ceremony, "DVS Mindz provided one of the nights most classless moves. Within seconds of hearing that they lost to Tech 9Nine for another year, the group tossed their chairs high in the air, which made for a thunderous crashing sound as they stormed out of the theater." Pitch writer Andrew Miller, noted that Shawn "Edwards claimed the Best Hip Hop/R&B award was the 'hottest' of the night, and it certainly provoked the hottest tempers. After Tech N9ne was named the winner, crashing furniture and loud cries of dismay resounded from the floor as the other nominees bemoaned their fate." Perhaps unsurprisingly, the local press soured on DVS Mindz. The group's performances became increasingly erratic around this time, the once ferocious live act turning in the occasional uninspired set. The band continued to perform live, but internal squabbles and a virtual press blackout pushed DVS Mindz to the breaking point.

Later years and solo work
DVS Mindz had more than two dozen tracks left over from the Million Dolla Broke Niggaz sessions. These songs included, "Headhunters," "Rowdy Hip-Hoppers," "Central Time Zone," "Let It All Hang Out," "Birds," and "Sleeping on the Midwest." The group also had new material, including tracks such as "Flamethrower," "Desperadoes," "Hatersville" and "Genocide," all of which were performed live at various concerts. Other new songs that were demoed included "Money is the Root of All Evil," "Smoking Song," "The Gospel of John," "Deeper Than Most," and "You Don't Want No Beef." A new song, "Heat," which had become a live staple, was issued on the 2001 compilation "Scars & Tattoos Midwest Compilation." DVS Mindz also completed a full-length documentary film entitled DVStory that is available on YouTube.

In May, 2001, DL guested on a track entitled “Devious” by the Lawrence frat-funk group Phat Albert. A positive review in the Lawrence Journal-World described the song this way: "Featuring rip-snorting raps from DL (DVS Mindz), Deadly (The Zou) and the sublime vocal stylings of Aaron D (KB Posse), the song has quickly jumped into the public consciousness. It's spent the last several weeks at No. 1 on MP3.com's local hip-hop charts and has maneuvered its way onto area airwaves via"Classic Underground Sound" and "Breakfast For Beat Lovers," radio shows found on KJHK 90.7 FM.

In March, 2002, Kutaculous released a compilation disc entitled G-Coffee, that consisted of tracks recorded with various rappers in his Topeka studio. The members of DVS Mindz appeared on the disc, but there was no group track. A review in the Pitch noted, "Kutt’s strategy is simple and effective: let the beats and rhymes do the talking, and stay the hell out of the way. Kutt’s sparse backdrops strip the songs to their bone marrow, never hogging the spotlight from the MCs’ verbal viscosity."

D.O.P.E. eventually left the group and began a solo career under the name D Dot. with a slightly more commercial sound (his management company felt that the name D.O.P.E. was not marketable). D.O.P.E. issued a mixtape, Live @ the BarberShop, and a full-length solo album, Dangerous On Paper & Etc.: The D.O.P.E. LP, was released in July, 2005. The album featured 17 tracks, 14 produced by D.O.P.E. A followup, N.O.C.O.A.S.T., was released the next year. A single entitled "Someone 4 Me" was played on several radio stations across the country. D.O.P.E. also continued to work as a producer, including work on a large portion of Str8jakkett's Mood Swings album. He was offered a major-label deal with Arista Records that fell through when the label folded. He is currently working on a new album, "Beats Rhymes & Life".

DVS Mindz never officially broke up, but it remained largely inactive during the 2000s and 2010s. The group members continued to make music separately, although they remained friendly and worked together or reunited on stage from time to time.

In 2007, Str8jakkett released his solo debut, the 20-track Mood Swings. "Everyone in DVS Mindz is featured in this album, but "[it's] about me," Str8jakkett told a reporter. "I wanted people to know where this came from, where it's been, and where I'm at now. ... I'm introducing myself to the world." The disc received a lukewarm review from The Pitch writer Andrew Miller: “His beats sound like they've been sitting on the shelf for at least a decade ... at 78 minutes, Mood Swings runs a few tracks too long and includes the standard rap-album filler: voice-mail messages, a bank-robbery skit and a fake live radio spot from ‘DJ Dick Goesinya at Club Nutsack.’" Journalist Chris Mills countered with a glowing review in Demencha Magazine, stating, "Str8jakkett is a pure lyricist with a seasoned delivery and a flashy vocabulary ... Most of the beats on Mood Swings have a refreshing, bassy, West Coat influence, while Str8's manner of rapping is sodden with enough straight talk to please any indie head." Mood Swings included a re-recording of the unreleased DVS Mindz track "Flamethrower," with Str8jakkett replacing the second and third verses recorded by DL and Killa The Hun, respectively. Another old DVS Mindz song, "Birds," was given a complete makeover, as was a retooled version of "DVS Mindbender," which appeared in its original form on Million Dolla Broke Niggaz.

Str8kjakkett issued a second solo effort in 2008 titled, G.A.M.E. Grown-Ass Man Experience. The effort included "The DVS Story" where Str8jakkett recounted the band's rise and fall in candid terms. Demencha Magazine wrote that, "Str8jakkett's a master of lyrical sleight-of-hand and word-play, effortlessly blending language and music to his will, while conjuring up a masterful blend of modern pop-culture metaphors and concrete poetry."

Reunion
In 2020, DVS Mindz briefly reunited as a trio featuring Str8jakkett, Killa the Hun, and DL. The group issued a mixtape, DVS Mindz Zip Codes, produced by Def DJ, who worked with DVS Mindz in its early years. Weeks later, the group released Modern Warfare 2020, its first full-length album in twenty years. Modern Warfare was issued by EDP Records, an independent label that has released most of Str8jakkett's solo albums. A music video for the single "Bryght Burn" was shot at Red Rocks Amphitheatre outside of Denver, Colorado. Reviewing the video for the Pitch, journalist Nick Spacek wrote, "Considering the track kicks off with references to horror movies and comic books—Candyman and X-Men, respectively— ”Bryght Burn” also slaps as hard as anything coming out of the area."

In 2020, the same trio also issued The Genesis, a 15-track compilation of unreleased tracks that were recorded during the band's heyday. In 2021, the trio issued a second mixtape, O.N.L.Y. F.A.N.S. before splitting again.

Growing critical recognition
In recent years, DVS Mindz has received growing critical acclaim as a seminal rap group in the Kansas City-Lawrence-Topeka music scene. In 2008, Topeka journalist Zach Trimble wrote that "DVS Mindz virtually created the Kansas rap landscape." In 2014, blogger Mike Jones wrote, "If you aren’t from around Kansas and didn’t know much about the hip hop scene in the late 90’s, you might not have heard of the legendary DVS Mindz crew but those of you who were, you know that these cats represented hard for Topeka. Along with a few other artists, DVS was Topeka hip hop."

The Twenty-Year Saga of the Greatest Rap Group to Almost Make it Outta Kansas
In 2023, Columbia University Press announced the publication of a book, DVS Mindz: The Twenty-Year Saga of the Greatest Rap Group to Almost Make it Outta Kansas, written by Geoff Harkness. A description of the monograph read: Geoff Harkness takes readers on a unique two-decade journey alongside the members of DVS Mindz, chronicling their childhoods, their brush with success, and what became of them in the years that followed. Based on more than one hundred hours of video and audio recordings from 1999 to 2022, this fly-on-the-wall account offers a backstage pass into the recording studios and radio stations, video shoots and house parties, nightclubs and concert halls of the Kansas City-Lawrence-Topeka music scene circa 2000. DVS Mindz is at once a compulsively readable group biography of four talented MCs, a vibrant voyage through the forgotten history of local hip hop, and a breathtakingly real story of struggling to achieve big dreams.

In reviewing the book, Justin Burton wrote, "In DVS Mindz, Harkness tells the birth, life, and afterlife of a musical group in a way that is uncommon in hip hop studies, touching on some of the same narrative arcs that animate the biographies of successful musicians, but from the perspective of a group who was poised for a kind of success that never came. It's a remarkable project."

References

American hip hop groups


David Dodd (1895–1988) was an American educator, financial analyst and author.

David Dodd may also refer to:
 David Dodd (soccer) (born 1985), Australian football (soccer) player
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See also
 David Dodds (disambiguation)


The 1999–2000 European Hockey League was the fourth and last  edition of the European Hockey League. The season started on September 21, 1999, and finished on February 6, 2000.

The tournament was won by Metallurg Magnitogorsk, who beat HC Sparta Praha in the final.

The points system used in the first round of the tournament was: the winner in regular time won 3 points; in case of a tie, an overtime is played, the winner in overtime won 2 points and the loser in overtime won 1 point.

First round

Group A

Group A standings

Group B

Group B standings

Group C

Group C standings

Group D

Group D standings

Quarterfinals

Final stage
(Lugano, Ticino, Switzerland)

Semifinals

Third place match

Final

References
 Season 2000

1999–2000 in European ice hockey leagues
European Hockey League


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 William H. Doherty (1907–2000), American electrical engineer
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 Ecto, a medical prefix meaning outer or outside
 Ecto (album), by Happy Rhodes, 1987
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See also

 Endo (disambiguation)
 Exo (disambiguation)
 Ectoderm, in biology, the outermost tissue layer
 Ectoplasm (cell biology), the outer part of the cytoplasm
 Ectotherm, in biology, a cold-blooded animal


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Joe Dolan may also refer to:
"Galway Joe" Dolan (1942–2008), Irish musician, songwriter and artist
Joe Dolan (footballer) (born 1980), English footballer
Joe Dolan (baseball) (1873–1938), American professional baseball player