Steeltown Rockers is a comic book limited series published from April to September 1990 by Marvel Comics.  It followed a group of teenagers and young adults during the formation of a rock band.

Overview
The six-issue limited series Steeltown Rockers showcased the efforts of guitarist Johnny Degaestano and his friends to form and maintain a band in a former steel mill town that had become economically depressed since the shuttering of the mill.  The series depicted the perseverance of the musicians as they not only put together the band, sought bookings, and dealt with intragroup personality conflicts but also faced such obstacles as alcoholism, poverty, racial and socioeconomic tension, and drug abuse.  Uncommonly for a Marvel comic at that time, the comic featured no superheroes, no super-villains, and no extraordinary powers of any kind, focusing solely on the lives of ordinary people.  The series presented this material more realistically than was then common, while also showing its characters as neither categorically "good" nor "bad."

Playwright, actress, and comics colorist Elaine Lee wrote the series, which was pencilled and frequently inked by Steve Leialoha.

Connection to Marvel Universe
It is not clear whether Steeltown Rockers takes place in the Marvel Universe, the shared setting for most of the company's output.  The band performs one original song, Teen Mutant, which appears to reference events in the Marvel Universe in a general way.  However, the lyrics could simply mean that the songwriters in the band were fans of Marvel Comics.  Similarly, the cover for the final issue depicts flyers for an X-Men lookalike contest which would be possible in either the real world or the Marvel Universe. In Moon Knight, an album cover showing the name of the Steeltown Rockers was present when the titular character was putting on a Dazzler album, indicating the band does in fact exist in the Marvel universe.

The band --and lead guitarist Johnny Degaestano-- is referenced directly in the opening scene of Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy video game via an article in the Rolling Stones magazine on the bed.
" The [Star-Lord] band says that the [Steeltown] Rocker's gig was the only time a crowd chased them off stage. 'He was really cool about it,' Vince says of guitarist Johny Degaestano, 'but that whole steel mill crowd was there for those kids and only them!' "


This list comprises all players who have participated in at least one league match for Miami FC from 2006 to 2010. Players who were on the roster but never played a first team game are not listed; players who appeared for the team in other competitions (US Open Cup, CONCACAF Champions League, etc.) but never actually made an USL appearance are noted at the bottom of the page where appropriate.

A "†" denotes players who only appeared in a single match.

A
  Mike Adeyemi
  Alex Afonso
  Gale Agbossoumonde
  Reinier Alcántara
  Bryan Arguez

B
  Sean Barrett
  Júnior Baiano
  Art Bartholomew
  Tristan Bowen
  Eric Brunner
  Orlando Bueso

C
  Steven Cabas
  Nacho Calcagno
  Luis Calix
  Sean Cameron
  Cauê
  Chukwudi Chijindu
  Cristiano

D
  Rachid Didouh
  Bryan Dominguez
  Mateus dos Anjos
  Chris Doyle

E
  Connally Edozien
  Facundo Erpen
  Michael Erush
  Jonathan Escobar

F
  Pedro Faife
  Gabard Fénélon
  Sean Fraser

G
  Juan Pablo Galavis
  Chris Gbandi
  Ariel Germiniani
  Oscar Gil-Alzate
  Hunter Gilstrap
  Matt Glaeser
  Jarryd Goldberg
  Christian Gómez
  Francisco Gomez
  Javier Gomez
  Douglas Goncalves
  Luchi Gonzalez
  Miguel Guante
  Stephane Guillaume
  Eddie Gutierrez

H
  Allen Handy
  Patrick Hannigan
  Luc Harrington
  Aaron Hohlbein

I
  Leo Inacio

J
  Jamil Jean-Jacques
  Stefan Jerome
  Avery John
  Julio Cesar

K
  Aaron King
  Zach Kirby
  Charlie Koniver
  Eric Kronberg

L
  Martyn Lancaster
  Leandro
  Tre Lee
  Bryan P. Loureiro
  Lennon

M
  Alen Marcina
  Jeffrey Matteo
  Gerson Mayen
  Bruno Menezes
  Tim Merritt
  Edwin Miranda
  Nicolás Mosquera

N
  Euzébio Neto
  Martin Nuñez

O
  Gerghiny Obas

P
  Caleb Patterson-Sewell
  Paulo Jr.
  Richard Perdomo
  Bryan Pérez
  Yaikel Perez
  Paulinho Le Petit
  Nelson Pizarro
  Pedro Power
  John Pulido

R
  Walter Ramírez
  Juan Ramos
  Mike Randolph
  Sam Reynolds
  Ricardinho
  J. P. Rodrigues
  Mario Rodríguez
  Romário

S
  Fabian Sandoval
  Edward Santeliz
  Josh Saunders
  Kenny Schoeni
  Diego Serna
  Brian Shriver
  Willie Sims

T
  Melvin Tarley
  Danilo Teixeira
  Abe Thompson
  Nicky Torres
  Ansu Toure
  Jack Traynor
  Zourab Tsiskaridze

V
  Sergio Van Kanten
  Danny Vasquez
  Eric Vasquez
  Kyle Veris

W
  Diego Walsh
  Christopher Williams

Z
  Zinho

Sources

Miami FC

Association football player non-biographical articles


Self-segregation or auto-segregation is the separation of a religious, ethnic, or racial group from other groups in a country by the group itself naturally. This usually results in decreased social interactions between different ethnic, racial or religious groups and can be classed as a form of social exclusion.

Through self-segregation, the members of the separate group can establish their own services, and maintain their own traditions and customs. For example, some of the world's uncontacted peoples have preferred not to interact with the rest of the globally integrated human population. By remaining in a reserve and in isolation, they can preserve their cultures intact as long as they choose and the surrounding states protect them.

A modern form of self-segregation occurring in prominent Western countries for example is influenced by White demographic decline however this is not the only example and can also be found in heterogeneous ethnically and religiously diverse countries in South and Southeast Asia, for example Malaysia and India.

Recurring patterns in countries affected by self-segregation

Residential segregation
As self-segregation begins to appear, residents of different ethnic, racial or religious background begin to separate from each other and live in different areas in large concentrations.

Rural and urban divide
In some countries affected by self-segregation, there exists a divide among racial groups in rural areas and in urban areas of a country. This trend is most commonly seen in countries affected by White demographic decline and is usually an occurrence of white flight from inner city areas and then outer city suburbs as these places become more ethnically diverse and heterogeneous to more whiter rural areas.

School segregation
Typically as segregation begins to appear schools end up becoming segregated on ethnic and religious lines.

Ethnic communalism

Self-segregation and segregation in general usually lead's to inter-ethnic violence between different ethnic, racial or religious groups. Instances of this can be seen worldwide in places which have a degree of ethnic or religious diversity within them, famous examples of this are the Troubles and sectarian conflict in Iraq between Sunnis and Shia's and general religiously motivated riots in South Asia and Africa, especially in India and Nigeria.

Self-segregation in countries

India
In India, religious self-segregation exists between mainly the Hindu majority in the country and the large Muslim minority.

Sweden
According to researcher Emma Neuman at Linnaeus University, segregation sets in at population share around 3-4% of non-European migrants in a district, while European immigration shows no such trend. The study comprised the 12 largest municipalities of Sweden for the period 1990–2007. High income earners and highly educated move out of non-European migrant districts first where ethnic segregation in turn leads to social segregation.

A study at Örebro University concluded that while Swedish parents stated positive views towards the values of multiculturalism, in practice they still chose Swedish-majority schools for their offspring so their children won't be an ethnic minority during their formative years and to get a good environment to develop their native Swedish language.

United Kingdom
Self-segregation in the United Kingdom has been increasing in recent decades as the White British population has declined overall nationally, increasing in the years between 2001 and 2011 as immigration has increased to the country and the speed of demographic decline for the White British has sped up. In large towns and cities for example the White population has largely began migrating out of ethnically diverse heterogeneous urban areas and have begun to self-segregate in whiter rural areas. Muslim migrants to the country also have high rates of endogamy, for example it is estimated that around 55% of British Pakistanis are married to their first cousins. These groups typically segregate away from other ethnic and religious groups via the use of religious faith schools. For example, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in the East End, around 60% of White students in the Borough attend White majority schools while 17 primary schools had more than 90% Bangladeshi pupils while 9 schools had less than 10%.

Calls for action against this trend have increased in volume since the 2001 race riots in Bradford and Oldham, where racial segregation is present as well. The Cantle Report of 2001 outlined that different communities were living 'parallel lives' which advocated for 'community cohesion' strategies to promote integration. The Casey Report in 2016, which preceded after the Cantle Report fifteen years prior suggested a similar outlook to the previous report that segregation was still at 'worrying levels'.

London
In London, self-segregation is increasing overall between different ethnic and religious groups which live in the city.

Bradford
In Bradford, self-segregation between the prominent Muslim minority in the city and the White British population exists at large and was a factor behind the race riots in 2001.

United States
Self-segregation is on the increase in the United States, being mostly influenced by White demographic decline in the country which is more prevalent than in other white-majority societies worldwide (57% of the country as of 2020 is Non-Hispanic White). In 2018, research by the University of Illinois and sociologist Mary Krysan found that while Whites, Blacks and Hispanics in America stated that the ideal neighbourhood that they liked was racially diverse, most ended up living in neighbourhoods in which their racial group was the majority. However, this differed from racial group to racial group on how much of a percentage their racial group represented in their neighbourhood. While Hispanics (51% Hispanic) and Blacks (66% Black) ended up living in areas in which they were a majority, their proportional amount was significantly lower than that of whites. (74% white).

Endogamy as self-segregation

Endogamy, the practice of marrying within a group, encourages group affiliation and bonding. It is a common practice among displanted cultures attempting to make roots in new countries whilst still resisting complete integration, as it encourages group solidarity and ensures greater control over group resources (which may be important to preserve when a group is attempting to establish itself within an alien culture).

However endogamy can also serve as a form of self-segregation and helps a community to resist integrating with surrounding populations. It thus helps minorities to survive as separate communities over a long time, in societies with other practices and beliefs.

Examples of ethno-religious groups with higher levels of endogamy that have successfully resisted cultural destruction and assimilation for centuries are the Romani (colloquially referred to by non-members as "Gypsies"), the Ashkenazi Jews of Europe and the Americas and the Afrikaners of South Africa.

See also

 Freedom of association
 Consociationalism
 Defection
 Endogamy
 Ethnocentrism
 Hypersegregation
 Isolationism
 Parallel society
 Secession
 Separatism
 White flight

Books:
 The Shame of the Nation: The Restoration of Apartheid Schooling in America

References

Politics and race
Racial segregation
Ethnicity
Cultural geography
Sociology of culture
Social concepts
Segregation
Demographics


Juilliard v. Greenman, 110 U.S. 421 (1884), was a Supreme Court of the United States case in which issuance of greenbacks as legal tender in peacetime was challenged.
The Legal Tender Acts of 1862 and 1863 were upheld.

Augustus D. Juilliard sold and delivered 100 bales of cotton to Thomas S. Greenman for $5,122.90. Greenman tendered $5,100 in United States legal tender notes and the rest in coin, but Juilliard would not accept the U.S. notes. The tendered notes were originally issued under an act of Congress passed on February 25, 1862, and March 3, 1863, during the Civil War. An act of May 31, 1878 provided to "forbid the further retirement of United States legal tender notes."

Decision
In an 8–1 decision resting largely on prior court cases, particularly the jointly-decided cases Knox v. Lee and Parker v. Davis, the power "of making the notes of the United States a legal tender in payment of private debts" was interpreted as "included in the power to borrow money and to provide a national currency".

Dissenting opinion
Justice Field dissented, challenging the court's interpretation of the terms to "borrow" and to "coin" money.

He explained that the term to borrow money was well settled in other instruments, such as municipal and corporate bonds and private contracts. He contended that allowing the government to make their notes legal tender would interfere with third-party contractual obligations, as third parties would be compelled by law to accept notes instead of coin. He argued that a private corporate bond could not require an amusement park to accept the bond in exchange for entry. To find that the term to borrow money as written in the Constitution, according to him, would allow interference in third-party contracts and improve the value of the note, but it would deviate from the meaning of the term "to borrow money".

He asserted that the meaning of the terms "to coin money" was certain: "It is to mould metallic substances into forms convenient for circulation and to stamp them with the impress of the government." He argued that in the clause authorizing Congress "to provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States," a distinction was clearly made between debt and coin.

He also cited many quotes by the founders against paper money, including the following by James Madison: "The pretext for paper currency, and particularly for making the bills a tender either for public or private debts, was cut off."

Finally, Justice Field wrote "For nearly three-quarters of a century after the adoption of the Constitution, and until the legislation during the recent civil war, no jurist and no statesman of any position in the country ever pretended that a power to impart the quality of legal tender to its notes was vested in the general government. There is no recorded word of even one in favor of its possessing the power. All conceded, as an axiom of constitutional law, that the power did not exist."

See also
 Legal Tender Cases

References

External links

1874 in United States case law
United States Constitution Article One case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Waite Court
Banknotes of the United States


Renate Mayntz (born 28 April 1929, Berlin) is a German sociologist. She was director of the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, and is now director emerita.

Biography
Mayntz studied in the United States, and in 1957 received her doctorate from the Free University of Berlin. She taught at the Deutsche Hochschule für Verwaltungswissenschaften Speyer and the University of Cologne before founding, in 1984, the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies. In 1999, she won the Schader Award, Germany's highest accolade for a social scientist, and in 2004 she was awarded the Bielefelder Wissenschaftspreis.

Her areas of research include social theory, management policy, development and application of policies, the development of technology, science and the development of science and policy, and transnationals and the structures of transnational governance.

References

External links
Renate Mayntz page at Max Planck Institute

1929 births
Living people
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Columbia University faculty
Max Planck Institute directors
Free University of Berlin alumni


Li County or Lixian is an administrative division of the prefecture-level city of Longnan in southeastern Gansu, a northwestern province of China. The 2010 Chinese census found a population of 458,237, a decline of around 25,000 from the year 2000 but still placing it second in size within its prefecture.

The county seat is also known as Lixian, formerly romanized as Li Hsien. It is located at the confluence of the Western Han and Yanzi rivers, tributaries of the Jialing and Yangtze watersheds. Commanding a valley connecting the Yellow and Yangtze river systems, it was an important outpost of the Shang and Zhou dynasties and was the initial seat of the Ying family who later established the kingdom and empire of Qin.

Geography
Lixian is bordered within Longnan by the counties of Xihe to the east, Wudu to the south, and Tanchang to the west. The municipalities of Dingxi and Tianshui lie to the northwest and northeast, respectively.

Sir Eric Teichman, the British diplomat and orientalist, described the territory in 1916 before its modern development: ...the path [from Tianshui] crosses the Tsin-ling Shan, and passes from the basin of the Huang Ho into that of the Yang-tse by an easy pass. The south-eastern corner of Kan-su, south of the Tsin-ling Shan range, differs greatly from the rest of the province. The bare loess hills of Central Kan-su with their waterless valleys give way to jungle-covered mountains with abundance of water, and coolie transport takes the place of camels, carts, and mules. The people are in close touch with Sechuan.

The Liba gold deposit () lies within the county limits.

Climate

Agriculture
Huaniu apples are a speciality agricultural product of the region.

History
Scientists from Lanzhou University have established that widespread agriculture began in Li County around 6,400 years ago as part of the Banpo phase of the Yangshao culture of the Wei River valley. The warm, humid climate of the mid-Holocene made the area productive for millet prior to the drier conditions which began about 2000 BC.

By the time of ancient China, Lixian was part of the territory of Xichui (lit. "the Western March"). During the Shang dynasty, Zhongjue and his son Feilian  controlled Xichui from the midst of the area's Rong tribes. Feilian's son Elai served King Zhou as his bodyguard and was killed when King Wu overthrew him and founded the Zhou dynasty.

Under the Zhou, however, Elai's familythe House of Yingcontinued to control the area. His great-great-grandson was Daluo  who had two sons by different mothers in the early 9th century BC. Cheng, his son by the daughter of the Marquis of Shen, inherited Xichui and the other son, Feizi, initially went without and served as his brother's horse breeder. His reputation grew to the point that King Xiao charged him with breeding and providing the imperial cavalry. He proved so successful that, when the Marquis of Shen blocked his inheritance of Daluo's estate, King Xiao created him lord of nearby Qin (present-day Zhangjiachuan, Gansu). During the 842 BC Compatriots Rebellion, the Zhou king Li was overthrown at Hao and forced into a prolonged exile; the Rong took the occasion to attack and massacre Cheng's clan at Xichui. King Xuan named Feizi's great-grandson Qin Zhong commander over the Zhou expeditions against the Rong around 827 BC but the Rong killed him at Qin in 822. His son Zhuang and his four younger brothers successfully invaded the Rong lands with 7,000 Zhou soldiers and recovered both Qin and Xichui.

At some point during Spring and Autumn period, barley and wheat were introduced into the area in addition to its traditional millet. Created a duke over Xichui, Zhuang moved his family's capital to the site, establishing the city of Quanqiu. When Zhuang died in 778 BC, his eldest son Shifu () refused to inherit official duties but chose instead to live a life on his chariot, fighting the Rong in revenge for his grandfather's death. His younger brother Xiang opted to marry his sister Mu Ying to King Feng of the Rong () and, the next year in 776 BC, he moved his capital from Quanqiu to Qian (, present-day Longxian in Shaanxi). Shifu led the defense of Quanqiu against the Rong who subsequently invaded. Overcome, he was captured and lived among the Rong for a year before being released. When the Quanrong overcame Hao in 771 and ended the Western period of the Zhou, Xiang was granted a promotion by King Ping and no longer suffered subordinate status.

Under the Qin and Han dynasties, it was part of Longxi Commandery, headquartered at Didao (present-day Taoyang in Lintao County). During the Northern Wei dynasty, it was part of Hanyang Commandery, headquartered at Hanyang (present-day Tianshui). Under the Western Wei, this was changed to Hanyang County. During the Tang, Lixian was known as Changdao (, ) and was part of Qinzhou (), a province centered variously at Shanggui (present-day Tianshui) and Chengji (present-day Qin'an). The area was the home of the noted 10th-century memoirist Wang Renhui (). Li County was separated from Tianshui's jurisdiction during the ninth year of Chenghua (AD 1473) during the Ming dynasty.

Li County's loess is prone to erosion and landslides. Amid the increasing collectivization of agriculture from 1964 to 1978, just seven flows damaged  of farmland, destroyed 17,544 homes, and killed 1,142 people.

During the Cultural Revolution, the area received a bit of local notoriety for its flagging grain production. The "experiences of Li County" were used by regional officials to caution against implementation of Tachai-style collectivism in the mid-1970s. The collective farms in the area saw decreasing year-on-year yields of grain until, by 1976, all 29 of the county's communes were consuming more grain than they produced. This provoked official action, which denounced the complaints as "sabotage" and "poison", in the period between the fall of the Gang of Four and the rise of Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms.

The area is also subject to earthquakes, with 25 recorded as having a magnitude of 5.0 or higher. The largest recorded was an 8.0-magnitude quake that struck on July 21, 1654; most recently, a 6.6-magnitude quake struck on July 22, 2013.

Administrative divisions
Present-day, Li County includes 22 towns and 6 townships :
Towns

-Towns are upgraded from Township.

-Towns are established newly.

-Former Towns are merged to other.

Townships

-Former Townships are merged to other.

See also
 Dabaozishan Site and Graves

External links
 Official website

References

County-level divisions of Gansu
Longnan


The 1969 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1969.

The NCAA recognizes six selectors as "official" for the 1969 season.  They are (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the Central Press Association (CP), (4) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (5) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and (6) the United Press International (UPI). Four of the six teams (AP, UPI, NEA, and FWAA) were selected by polling of sports writers and/or broadcasters. The Central Press team was selected with input from the captains of the major college teams.  The AFCA team was based on a poll of coaches.  Other notable selectors, though not recognized by the NCAA as official, included Football News, a national weekly football publication, Time magazine, The Sporting News (TSN), and the Walter Camp Football Foundation (WC).

Offensive selections

Ends

 Walker Gillette, Richmond (AP-1 [wide receiver], FWAA, NEA-1 [split end], TSN, Time)
 Carlos Alvarez, Florida (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA [flanker], AP-3 [wide receiver], CP-2, NEA-1 [split end], UPI-1, FN, WC)
 Ken Burrough, Texas Southern (NEA-2, Time, TSN)
 Cotton Speyrer, Texas   (CP-1, UPI-2, WC)
 Chuck Dicus, Arkansas (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA)
 Elmo Wright, Houston  (AP-2 [wide receiver], CP-3, NEA-2 [split end], UPI-2, FN)
 Ernie Jennings, Air Force (CP-2)
 Jade Butcher, Indiana (CP-3)

Tight ends

 Jim Mandich, Michigan (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA [end], AP-1, CP-1 [end], FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1 [end], FN [end], Time, WC)
 Steve Zabel, Oklahoma (TSN)
 Jim McFarland, Nebraska (AP-2)
 Ray Parson, Minnesota (NEA-2)
 Bob Moore, Stanford (AP-3)

Tackles

 Bob McKay, Texas  (AP-1, CP-2, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 John Ward, Oklahoma State (AFCA [guard], AP-1, FWAA, UPI-2)
 Sid Smith, USC  (AP-2, CP-1, NEA-2, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Bob Asher, Vanderbilt (AP-2, CP-1, NEA-1, UPI-2)
 Bobby Wuensch, Texas (AFCA)
 Jim Reilly, Notre Dame (AFCA, AP-3, NEA-2)
 Dan Dierdorf, Michigan (College and Pro Football Halls of Fame) (CP-2)
 Larron Jackson, Missouri (AP-3)
 Bob Bouley, Boston College (CP-3)
 Manny Rodriguez, New Mexico State (CP-3)

Guards

 Bill Bridges, Houston (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, NEA-2, UPI-2)
 Chip Kell, Tennessee (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA [center], AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, UPI-1, FN, WC)
 Ron Saul, Michigan State (AP-3, CP-1, NEA-1, Time, TSN)
 Larry DiNardo, Notre Dame  (CP-2, UPI-1, WC)
 Mike Carroll, Missouri (NEA-1, TSN)
 Chuck Hutchison, Ohio State (Time)
 Alvin Samples, Alabama (AP-2, CP-2, UPI-2, FN)
 Steve Greer, Georgia (FN)
 Jerry Dossey, Arkansas (AP-2)
 Ed Chapupka, North Carolina (AP-3)
 Doug Redmann, Illinois (CP-3, NEA-2)
 Jon Meskimen, Iowa (CP-3)

Centers

 Rodney Brand, Arkansas  (AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, WC)
 Ken Mendenhall, Oklahoma (CP-2, UPI-2, FN, Time, TSN)
 Dale Evans, Kansas (AP-2)
 Dennis Bramlett, UTEP (NEA-2)
 Tom Banks, Auburn (AP-3)
 Jack Kovar, Texas A&M (CP-3)

Quarterbacks

 Mike Phipps, Purdue (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Archie Manning, Mississippi (College Football Hall of Fame) (AP-3, CP-2, UPI-2, FN)
 Jim Plunkett, Stanford (College Football Hall of Fame) (AP-2, CP-3)

Running backs

 Steve Owens, Oklahoma (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA [halfback], AP-1 [halfback], CP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN [halfback], Time, TSN, WC)
 Jim Otis, Ohio State  (AP-1 [fullback], CP-1 [fullback], FWAA, UPI-1, FN [fullback], WC)
 Bobby Anderson, Colorado (College Football Hall of Fame) (AP-1 [halfback], NEA-1, UPI-1, TSN)
 Charlie Pittman, Penn State (AFCA [halfback], CP-3, UPI-2, Time)
 Steve Worster, Texas (AP-2 [fullback], CP-2 [fullback], FWAA, UPI-2, FN [fullback])
 Warren Muir, South Carolina (AP-3 [fullback], AFCA [fullback])
 Rex Kern, Ohio State (College Football Hall of Fame) (CP-1, FN [qb], NEA-2 [qb])
 John Isenbarger, Indiana (AP-2 [halfback], CP-2, FN [halfback])
 Mickey Cureton, UCLA (FN [halfback])
 Mack Herron, Kansas State (CP-2, FN [halfback])
 Jim Strong, Houston (AP-2)
 Art Malone, Arizona State (NEA-2)
 Greg Jones, UCLA (NEA-2)
 Jim Bertelsen, Texas (AP-3 [halfback])
 Ed Marinaro, Cornell (AP-3 [halfback])
 Clarence Davis, USC (CP-3, UPI-2)
 Jim Braxton, West Virginia (CP-3 [fullback])

Defensive selections

Defensive ends

 Jimmy Gunn, USC  (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-2, UPI-1, FN [end], WC)
 Phil Olsen, Utah State  (AP-1, NEA-1, UPI-1, Time, TSN, WC)
 Al Cowlings, USC (AP-2 [defensive tackle], NEA-1, FN [guard], Time, TSN)
 Floyd Reese, UCLA (AFCA, AP-2 [defensive tackle])
 Bill Brundige, Colorado (AP-2, CP-3, FWAA, UPI-2)
 Dick Campbell, Texas Tech (CP-1, NEA-2)
 Bill Atessis, Texas (AP-2)
 Michael Berrera, Kansas State (CP-2)
 Mark Debvec, Ohio State (CP-2)
 David Campbell, Auburn (UPI-2)
 Irby Augustine, California (AP-3)
 Jeff Slipp, Brigham Young (AP-3)
 Hap Farber, Mississippi (CP-3)

Defensive tackles

 Mike Reid, Penn State (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN [tackle], Time, TSN, WC)
 Mike McCoy, Notre Dame  (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN [tackle], Time, TSN, WC)
 Steve Smear, Penn State (CP-2, UPI-2)
 Rock Perdoni, Georgia Tech (AP-3, CP-2)
 John Little, Oklahoma State (NEA-2)
 Wes Grant, UCLA (NEA-2)
 Leo Brooks, Texas (UPI-2)
 Lynn Duncan, Wichita State (AP-3)
 Paul Schmidlin, Ohio State (CP-3)
 Larry Nels, Wyoming (CP-3)

Middle guard

 Jim Stillwagon, Ohio State (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN [guard], WC)
 Carl Crennel, West Virginia (AP-2, CP-3, NEA-2, UPI-2)
 Steve Greer, Georgia (AP-3, CP-2)

Linebackers

 Steve Kiner, Tennessee (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Dennis Onkotz, Penn State (College Football Hall of Fame) (AP-1, CP-3, FWAA, UPI-1, FN, WC)
 Mike Ballou, UCLA (AFCA, AP-3, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-2, UPI-2, FN, WC)
 Don Parish, Stanford (AP-1, UPI-2, Time, TSN)
 John Small, The Citadel (AP-2, NEA-1, Time, TSN)
 George Bevan, LSU (AFCA, AP-2, CP-2, FWAA, NEA-2)
 Cliff Powell, Arkansas (AFCA, AP-3)
 Glen Halsell, Texas (CP-1, FN)
 Jim Corrigall, Kent State (College Football Hall of Fame) (AP-3, NEA-1)
 Jack Reynolds, Tennessee (CP-3, FN)
 Bob Olson, Notre Dame (AP-2, CP-2)
 Mike Kolen, Auburn (CP-2, NEA-2)
 Ralph Cindrich, Pittsburgh (CP-3)

Defensive backs

 Jack Tatum, Ohio State (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-1 [cornerback], UPI-1, FN, TSN, WC)
 Buddy McClinton, Auburn  (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, UPI-1, FN, WC)
 Tom Curtis, Michigan (College Football Hall of Fame) (AP-1, CP-1, NEA-2 [safety], UPI-1, FN, WC)
 Glenn Cannon, Mississippi (AFCA, AP-3, UPI-2, Time, TSN)
 Neal Smith, Penn State (AP-3, NEA-1 [safety], UPI-1)
 Steve Tannen, Florida (UPI-2, Time, TSN)
 Ted Provost, Ohio State (UPI-2, Time, TSN)
 Tim Foley, Purdue, (CP-3, NEA-2 [cornerback], Time)
 Curtis Johnson, Toledo (AP-2, CP-3, NEA-1 [cornerback])
 Denton Fox, Texas Tech (AP-2, FWAA)
 Tommy Casanova, LSU (College Football Hall of Fame) (FN)
 Dana Stephenson, Nebraska (AP-2, CP-2)
 Mel Easley, Oregon State (CP-2)
 Mike Sensibaugh, Ohio State (CP-2)
 Bruce Taylor, Boston University (NEA-2 [cornerback])
 David Berrong, Memphis State (AP-3, CP-3)

Special teams

Kicker

 Bob Jacobs, Wyoming (FWAA, TSN)

Punter

 Zenon Andrusyshyn, UCLA (TSN)

Key
 Bold – Consensus All-American
 -1 – First-team selection
 -2 – Second-team selection
 -3 – Third-team selection

Official selectors
 AFCA = American Football Coaches Association picked for Kodak
 AP = Associated Press
 CP = Central Press Association, "picked with the help of the captains of the major college elevens"
 FWAA = Football Writers Association of America
 NEA = Newspaper Enterprise Association
 UPI = United Press International

Unofficial selectors
 FN = The Football News, consisting of the 33 best college football players as selected by the staff and correspondents of The Football News
 Time = Time magazine
 TSN = The Sporting News
 WC = Walter Camp Football Foundation

See also
 1969 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team
 1969 All-Big Eight Conference football team
 1969 All-Big Ten Conference football team
 1969 All-Pacific-8 Conference football team
 1969 All-SEC football team
 1969 All-Southwest Conference football team

References

All-America Team
College Football All-America Teams


The earliest known earthquake in the U.S. state of California was documented in 1769 by the Spanish explorers and Catholic missionaries of the Portolá expedition as they traveled northward from San Diego along the Santa Ana River near the present site of Los Angeles. Ship captains and other explorers also documented earthquakes.  As Spanish missions were constructed beginning in the late 18th century, earthquakes records were kept. After the missions were secularized in 1834, records were sparse until the California Gold Rush in the 1840s. From 1850–2004, there was about one potentially damaging event per year on average, though many of these did not cause serious consequences or loss of life.

Since the three damaging earthquakes that occurred in the American Midwest and the East Coast (1755 Cape Ann, 1811–12 New Madrid, 1886 Charleston) were well known, it became apparent to settlers that the earthquake hazard was different in California. While the 1812 San Juan Capistrano, 1857 Fort Tejon, and 1872 Owens Valley shocks were in mostly unpopulated areas and only moderately destructive, the 1868 Hayward event affected the thriving financial hub of the San Francisco Bay Area, with damage from Santa Rosa in the north to Santa Cruz in the south. By this time, scientists were well aware of the threat, but seismology was still in its infancy. Following destructive earthquakes in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, real estate developers, press, and boosters minimized and downplayed the risk of earthquakes out of fear that the ongoing economic boom would be negatively affected.

According to seismologist Charles Richter, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake moved the United States Government into acknowledging the problem. Prior to that, no agency was specifically focused on researching earthquake activity. The United States Weather Bureau did record when they happened and several United States Geological Survey scientists had briefly disengaged from their regular duties of mapping mineral resources to write reports on the New Madrid and Charleston events, but no trained geologists were working on the problem until after 1906 when the Coast and Geodetic Survey was made responsible. The outlook improved when Professor Andrew Lawson brought the state's first monitoring program online at the University of California, Berkeley in 1910 with seismologist Harry Wood, who was later instrumental in getting the Caltech Seismological Laboratory in Pasadena operational in the 1920s.

Early developments at the Caltech lab included an earthquake observation network using their own custom-built short-period seismometers, the Richter magnitude scale, and the Modified Mercalli intensity scale (an updated version of the Mercalli intensity scale). In 1933, the Long Beach earthquake occurred in a populated area and damaged or destroyed many public school buildings in Long Beach and Los Angeles. Some decades later, the San Fernando earthquake affected the San Fernando Valley north of Los Angeles with heavy damage to several hospitals. In both cases, the perception of California policy makers changed, and state laws and building codes were modified (with much debate) to require commercial and residential properties to be built to withstand earthquakes. Higher standards were established for fire stations, hospitals, and schools, and construction of dwellings was also restricted near active faults.

Tectonic setting

During the last 66 million years, nearly the entire west coast of North America was dominated by a subduction zone, with the Farallon Plate subducting beneath the North American Plate. Presently, the Juan de Fuca Plate (with its Explorer and Gorda satellite plates) and the Rivera and Cocos Plates are the only remnants of the once much larger Farallon Plate. The plate margin that remains in California is that of the strike-slip San Andreas Fault (SAF), the diffuse Pacific–North American plate boundary that extends east into the Basin and Range Province of eastern California and western Nevada (a seismically active area called Walker Lane) and southwest into the California Continental Borderland region off the central and southern coasts. This system of faults terminates in the north at the Mendocino Triple Junction, one of the most seismically active regions in the state, where earthquakes are occasionally the result of intraplate deformation within the Gorda Plate. It terminates in the south at the Salton Sea where displacement transitions to a series of spreading centers and transform faults, beginning with the Brawley Seismic Zone in the Imperial Valley.

In the San Francisco Bay Area, the San Andreas system of faults spans offshore and into the East Bay area, with the bulk of the faults lying to the east of the main SAF. There is a 70% probability that one of these faults will generate a 6.7 Mw or greater earthquake before 2030, including the Hayward Fault Zone, which has gone beyond its average return period of 130 years ( as of  ). While the SAF is quiet north of San Francisco , the central SAF segment near San Juan Bautista is where aseismic creep was first studied, and to the south is where the recurring Parkfield earthquakes occur. The secondary faults lay to the west of the main SAF at the extreme southern portion, including the active and young San Jacinto Fault Zone, which may be taking over as the primary boundary south of Cajon Pass. A paleoseismic investigation using Lidar revealed that more than  of slip has accumulated since the 1857 event on the southern SAF, which borders the Mojave Desert to the north and east of the Greater Los Angeles Area. Near the Transverse Ranges, reverse and thrust faults have produced damaging earthquakes in Santa Barbara and the San Fernando Valley.

Notable earthquakes

See also
Alquist Priolo Special Studies Zone Act
California earthquake forecast
Field Act
Geography of California
Geology and geological history of California
Southern California Earthquake Center
Timeline of the Portolá expedition

References

Sources

Further reading

External links

Information by Region-California – USGS
Southern California Earthquake Data Center
Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country – Earthquake Country Alliance
Broadband Seismic Data Collection Center –  University of California, San Diego
What Will Happen After The 'Big One' Hits SoCal? – KCET
Little-known quake, tsunami hazards lurk offshore of Southern California – American Geophysical Union
California’s other drought: A major earthquake is overdue – The Conversation
New California bill aims to create a public inventory of collapse-risk buildings – Temblor, Inc.

Earthquakes
Earthquakes

California
Tsunamis in the United States


Fixed annuities are insurance products which protect against loss and generally offer fixed rates of return. The rates are typically based on the current interest rate environment. They are offered by licensed and regulated insurance companies. State insurance/insolvency funds guarantees vary from state to state, and may not cover 100% of the Annuity Value. For example, in California the fund will cover "80% not to exceed $250,000."

Types
There are two types of fixed annuities: traditional fixed and indexed annuities. (A third type of annuity, called a variable annuity, is not discussed here since it is not a type of fixed product.)

Traditional fixed annuities
Traditional fixed annuities are regulated by state insurance departments and sold through insurance agents, banks, or registered representatives. Fixed annuities pursuant to state insurance law must provide a minimum rate of interest as provided in the annuity policy. How the actual rate of interest is credited on the policy differentiates traditional fixed annuities from indexed annuities. Traditional fixed annuities pay interest on the premium contributed at a rate declared by the insurer in advance. Some traditional fixed annuities offer multiple years guaranteed at the same rate, while others will leave the insurance company with the ability to adjust the rate annually. This rate can never be less than the minimum guaranteed rate stated in the policy. Fixed annuities are a very conservative safe money place for retirement dollars. Fixed annuity interest rates are generated from a portfolio of US treasuries or other low risk, fixed income instruments.

Indexed annuities
Indexed annuities are a type of fixed annuity which are regulated and distributed in the same manner as fixed annuities (through licensed insurance agents). Indexed annuities are a conservative safe money place for retirement dollars. Indexed annuities usually provide a purchaser with various options for interest crediting. A buyer does have an option to elect a declared interest rate, which generally allows an allocation of anywhere from 0-100% of the account value, and functions the same as a traditional fixed annuity. However, the annuity is designed for higher potential interest rates, and provides other allocation options which consider the performance of an outside stock index (such as the Standard and Poor's 500, a.k.a. S&P 500) to determine the rate of interest. These options pay interest at a rate determined by a formula which considers any increase in the outside index, often subject to a “participation rate”, and/or “cap, and/or "spread”.

All indexed annuities have a floor of zero, meaning the absolute worst-case scenario due to a downturn in the market index is a consumer might receive no interest in a particular year, however, he or she cannot lose any previously credited interest or premiums. A “participation rate” is a set percentage multiplied by any percentage increase in the outside index. For instance, if a particular index crediting method offers a 50% participation rate, and the calculated return was 10% for the year, the policy would earn a rate of 5% (10% calculated return x 50% participation = 5% return). A "cap" is a set maximum percentage based on the performance of the outside index. For instance, if a particular index crediting method offers a 6% cap, and the calculated return was 10% for the year, the policy would earn a rate of 6%. A "spread" is a percentage of reduction between the calculated return and the interest rate the consumer will be credit with. For instance, if a particular index crediting method offers a 4% spread, and the calculated return was 10% for the year, the policy would earn a rate of 6% (10% calculated return - 4% spread = 6% return). All participation rates, caps and spreads are set by the insurance company at the beginning of a policy. Unless guaranteed in the policy, the insurance company has the ability to adjust them on an annual basis. Participation rates, caps and spreads are known as "moving parts". Most annuities being issued today have only one moving part in determining an index calculation (i.e. only a cap or only a participation rate), however, it is possible to have multiple moving parts in determining an index calculation (i.e. a cap combined with a participation rate). An annuity with multiple moving parts is not necessarily better or worse than an annuity with only one moving part, and there is no way of determining in advance of a policy year whether a participation rate, cap and/or spread will yield the best performance.

Purchasers of fixed indexed annuities also must pick the method of determining any increase in the index they choose for his/her policy. The three most common methods are "annual point-to-point", "monthly average" and "monthly sum" also commonly referred to as "monthly point-to-point". The "annual point-to-point" method determines the value of the index on issue date of the policy and compares it to the value of that index on a date in the future (generally one year later) to determine the calculated return. The "monthly average" method looks at the value of the index on the issue date, then on each monthly anniversary throughout the policy year. The monthly index values are then averaged and compared with the initial index value to determine the calculated return. The "monthly sum" interest crediting method tracked each month (subject to a cap each month) and the results from each month are summed to get the annual interest rate credited.

A policy year is measured from the day the premium is invested and not on a calendar year basis. Interest is credited to the policy only once a year on indexed interest crediting methods. Once interest is credited it can not be taken away in a subsequent year when the measuring index is a negative value. This feature of an index annuity is often referred to as an "annual reset". The "annual reset" provides a second benefit aside from safeguarding the principal and subsequent interest gains, it also prevents the policy from having to recover from any sort of loss to the outside stock index in the previous policy year. For instance, if the S&P 500 index were to drop 40% during a policy year, the annuity would be credited with no interest for that policy year. However, if the S&P 500 had a calculated return of 10% the following year using an annual point-to-point calculation with a 6% cap, the annuity would earn 6% on top of where it had left off the policy year prior. An example of this benefit can be seen in this simple example that ignores dividends: A direct investment in an index with an initial investment $100,000, a 40% loss after one year takes the value to $60,000, a 10% gain the following year would increase the value to $66,000. The same investment being tracked in the index annuity with an initial investment of $100,000, a 40% loss after one year is replaced with a 0 and the account balance is still $100,000, the subsequent 10% gain the following year is reduced to 6% due to the cap, which would be a $6,000 gain, so the $100,000 investment would be worth $106,000. This particular example illustrates why these annuities tend to be marketed more heavily towards seniors/retirees, as an indexed annuity provides a true safeguard against market losses but still offers a level of exposure to market-based returns.

As required by state insurance law, indexed annuities do provide for a minimum amount of interest. This interest rate is stated in the policy (usually 1% to 3%), but does not apply to 100% of the premiums paid. Usually the rate applies to 87.5% of the premiums paid. This guaranteed rate is considered only against premiums paid and does not consider any interest previously credited or "bonuses" applied by the insurance company. When considering a policy’s value, the customer receives the higher of the value considering the guaranteed formula or the indexed account value. To put this guarantee into perspective, if the guarantee was 87.5% of the premiums paid accumulated at 1% compounded annually, it would take 13 years for a policyholder's guaranteed minimum value to equal 100% of a single sum premium paid.

Like traditional annuities, indexed annuities have surrender charges. These charges vary from 20% down to 1% and policies can have surrender charge periods ranging from 1 – 16 years. 10–13 years is the most common length of a surrender charge period on indexed annuities. Some policies measure the surrender charge period from the date the policy is issued, others apply the surrender charge period to each premium paid to the policy.

Indexed annuities are retirement savings vehicles and are not meant for short term savings. Most indexed annuities do provide a penalty-free amount that may be withdrawn each year (for example, the right to withdraw 10% of the annuity’s value per year). These products may also waive surrender charges if the policy is annuitized (converted into an immediate annuity that would generate income payments over a specified period of time which is elected by the policyholder). Some annuities provide additional riders to have surrender charges waived (generally at no additional cost) in the event the annuitant is confined to a nursing home or is diagnosed with a terminal illness.

Income rider for indexed annuities
In recent years, many indexed annuities can be issued with a rider designed to supply a lifetime income payment to the policyholder that does not require annuitization, thus leaving the policyholder in control of the balance of the account. These "income riders" are calculated separately than the indexed annuity itself, however, they use the same initial premium figures for each calculation. An "income rider" generally will provide a specified accumulation rate which is guaranteed for a certain period of years. The "income rider" calculations create an "income pool" which is strictly an accounting figure that cannot be accessed as a single lump sum by the policyholder or beneficiary. The "income pool" continues to grow annually at the specified accumulation rate until such time the guarantee period expires or the policyholder opts to begin taking "lifetime income payments" from the account. Once "lifetime income payments" begin, the "income pool" stops accumulating, and the value of the income pool is used to determine the amount of income that will be paid out annually (it can usually be paid monthly, quarterly or semi-annually as well).

The amount of income produced by the "income rider" will depend on several factors, primarily the age of the policyholder at the time they opt for income, the specified accumulation rate and the length of time the "income pool" has been given to accumulate. Each time an income payment is paid to the policyholder, the indexed annuity account value is decreased by that same amount. "Income riders" that provide lifetime income are generally used as a means of allowing a policyholder to supplement their income, especially in retirement, without the possibility of outliving their money because even if the indexed annuity's account value falls to zero, the income payment from the "income rider" will continue until the death of the policyholder. If the policyholder dies and funds remain in the indexed annuity account value, those funds would be paid to the beneficiary(-ies). Some of these income riders are offered with no fees, while others carry an annual fee (generally 1% or less) which is deducted directly from the indexed annuity account value.

As with all traditional fixed annuities, money can be withdrawn from an indexed annuity at any time (but such withdrawal may be subject to a surrender charge if the policy is still within the surrender charge period and the penalty-free withdrawal has already been exhausted). Owners may also choose to receive a payment based on the value of the policy for their lifetime (called annuitization).

Some annuities also have an additional feature called a Market Value Adjustment or MVA. MVA applies when a withdrawal is made from the annuity in excess of the penalty-free amount. Generally, if interest rates are lower at time of the withdrawal than at the time the policy was purchased, the value of the annuity would increase. If interest rates are higher, the reverse is true.

In the event of the owner’s (and the annuitant’s in some policies) death, the beneficiary of the contract usually receives any remaining value in the policy, and if the annuity had been annuitized and additional guaranteed payments remained, subsequent annuity payment would be made to the beneficiary at the same intervals the deceased was receiving them until the guaranteed period has expired.

Indexed annuities were first offered by Keyport (now known as Sun Life) in February 1995. Sales of the products were less than a half billion that year, and have since exceeded $30 billion per year since 2009. There are 44 different insurance companies offering indexed annuities today

On January 16, 2009, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) issued Rule 151A claiming indexed annuities should be regulated as securities and should only be sold by registered representatives. A lawsuit was filed on the same day challenging the SEC’s ability to regulate fixed indexed annuities. Legislation was also introduced in Congress to exempt these annuities from securities regulation. On July 13, 2010, The Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit vacated Rule 151A. On July 21, 2010, President Obama signed HR 4173 (Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act) which contained a last minute amendment by Senator Harkin (“Harkin Amendment”) which exempted fixed index annuities from regulation by the SEC and left these products to be regulated by the state insurance departments.

See also
 Equity-indexed annuity

References

Retirement
Annuities
Insurance
Capital budgeting


English Bridge () is a pedestrian bridge across Fontanka River connecting Pokrovsky and Anonymous islands in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

History
Five span wooden bridge existed at the location since 1910.
It took the traffic load previously carried by Egyptian Bridge after the latter collapsed in 1905.

Modern bridge was built in 1962–1963 to the designs of architects Areshev and Vasilkovsky under the supervision of engineer Kerlikov. The construction is a three span bridge set on ferroconcrete abutments with granite cover. Metal railings have a simple pattern.

The bridge takes its name from the nearby English Prospekt.

References

Bridges in Saint Petersburg
Bridges completed in 1910
Bridges completed in 1963


The Fab Four is a California-based tribute band paying homage to The Beatles. Founded in 1997 by Ron McNeil, a John Lennon impersonator, the group began performing Beatles music throughout southern California. They have played in many places worldwide, including Japan, Malaysia, France, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Mexico and Brazil, covering nearly the entire Beatles songbook and material from Beatles members' solo projects.

The band's beginnings included Tuesday night performances at a small venue called Music City in Fountain Valley, as well as regular performances at Disneyland's Tomorrowland Terrace in Anaheim, The Hop in Puente Hills and Scruffy O’Sheas in Marina del Rey. The core group consisted of McNeil (John Lennon), along with Ardy Sarraf (Paul McCartney), Michael Amador (George Harrison) and Rolo Sandoval (Ringo Starr). From 2005 to 2008, The Fab Four brought in a second cast of musicians to help perform a full stage show six nights a week in Las Vegas, with various members alternating between cast. Performing as Fab Four Mania, the Vegas cast performed regularly at locations such as the Las Vegas Hilton, The Aladdin, The Sahara and The Riviera.

In 2013, the Fab Four received an Emmy Award for their PBS special "The Fab Four: The Ultimate Tribute," filmed at Pechanga Resort & Casino in 2012. As of 2019, the most common lineup formerly consisted of Ardy Sarraf (McCartney), Adam Hastings (Lennon), Gavin Pring (Harrison) and Joe Bologna (Starr).

As of 2020 and 2022, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, The Fab Four have been live streaming numerous concerts, with Ron McNeil, Rolo Sandoval and Erik Fidel coming back.

The cast

John Lennon
Ron McNeil
Adam Hastings
Jon Fickes (stand-in)

Sir Paul McCartney
Ardavan "Ardy" Sarraf
Neil Candelora (stand-in)
Joshua Jones (stand-in)
Miles Frizzell (stand-in)

George Harrison
Gavin Pring
Robbie Berg (stand-in)
Doug Couture (stand-in)
Chris Colon (stand-in)

Sir Richard Starkey (Ringo Starr)
Erik Fidel
Richard Lewis (stand-in)
Joe Bologna (stand-in)

Ed Sullivan
George Trullinger
Jeff DeHart (stand-in)

Side projects

Wingsband
Formed by Ardy Sarraf, Wingsband is a Paul McCartney and Wings tribute act that covers many of McCartney's biggest post-Beatles hits. The band features Ron McNeil as Denny Laine, Michael Amador as Henry McCullough and Rolo Sandoval as Joe English, plus a horn section led by Wendell Kelly (The Temptations, Stevie Wonder, Lionel Richie, Whitney Houston) and singer/songwriter Christine Rosander as Linda McCartney. Both Laurence Juber, Wings guitarist from 1978 to 1981, and Denny Seiwell, the original Wings drummer from 1971 to 1973, have performed onstage with Wingsband at The Grove in Anaheim, CA.

George Harry’s Son
George Harrison impersonator and Liverpool native, Gavin Pring, created a tribute act called George Harry's Son to celebrate Harrison's solo material, as well as his hits from the Beatle years. Pring has brought this act to the top Beatles music festivals, including the annual Beatleweek in Liverpool at the Mathew Street Festival and Abbey Road on the River in the United States. Pring also performed on the same stage as Paul McCartney in 2002 for the tribute show held on Harrison's birthday.

Rutlemania
In 2007, The Fab Four was approached by Eric Idle from the British comedy group Monty Python to perform a set of shows celebrating the 30th anniversary of The Rutles, a Beatles parody group formed in 1975 by Idle and Neil Innes. The show featured McNeil as Ron Nasty (originally played by Innes), Sarraf as Dirk McQuickly (Idle), Amador as Stig O’Hara (Ricky Fataar) and Sandoval as Barry Wom (John Halsey), and was performed multiple nights in both Los Angeles and New York.

Yellow Submarine movie remake
In 2010, The Fab Four was cast to do the motion-capture performance footage for director Robert Zemeckis' 3-D remake of The Beatles animated film classic, Yellow Submarine. The movie was set to be released sometime in 2012, but Disney canceled the project when Zemeckis' film Mars Needs Moms performed poorly in the box office and critics' reviews of Zemeckis' animations were mostly negative.

Notable appearances
Recorded Beatles tracks "I Want to Hold Your Hand", "Please Please Me" and "Kansas City" that were featured in the biopic The Linda McCartney Story in 2000.
Performed at the Hollywood Bowl in 2003 for the 37th anniversary of the Beatles’ concerts there.
Performed at the official DVD release party for the Miramax edition of A Hard Day’s Night at the Los Angeles House of Blues in 2004.
Featured as a headlining act during Liverpool’s annual Beatleweek in 2004, 2008 and 2011.
Held nightly shows at many venues in Las Vegas from 2005 to 2008, including the Las Vegas Hilton, The Aladdin, The Sahara and The Riviera.
Featured on many TV shows and channels, including Entertainment Tonight, Good Morning America, Hallmark Channel and Ellen DeGeneres’ Really Big Show in 2007.
Had their version of "The Little Drummer Boy" played on the show House M.D. in the 2008 episode "It's A Wonderful Lie."
Performed the motion capture for the Harmonix video game The Beatles: Rock Band in 2009.
Featured in their own PBS special, filmed at Pechanga Resort & Casino in January 2012.
Performed at an unveiling of Madame Tussaud's Beatles wax figures, when the figures were brought to Las Vegas from London for a short exhibit in 2012.
Performed the Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Heart's Club Band album in its entirety on The World's Greatest Tribute Bands on AXS TV, recorded live at the Whisky a Go Go in West Hollywood in May 2017.
Featured as guests and performers several times on the weekly radio show Breakfast with the Beatles, hosted by Chris Carter.
Have played at the Le Palais Des Sports in Paris, where the Beatles once performed.
Performed for many celebrities, including Eric Idle, Paul Stanley from KISS, Mark Hudson (Ringo Starr producer) and Tom Hanks.
Performed alongside Micky Dolenz, (The Monkees) and Mark Lindsay (Paul Revere & the Raiders).
Named the official Beatles tribute band of radio station K-earth 101.

Discography
Ron McNeil  – Vocals, Guitar, Keyboards, Harmonica
Ardy Sarraf – Vocals, Bass, Keyboards, Guitar
Michael Amador – Vocals, Lead Guitar, Keyboards, Sitar
Rolo Sandoval – Vocals, Drums, Percussion

All songs were arranged, performed, recorded and produced by The Fab Four.

A Fab Four Christmas
Release Date - October 16, 2002
Label - Delta Ent. (LaserLight)

Have Yourself a FAB-ulous Little Christmas
Release Date - October 16, 2002
Label - Delta Ent. (LaserLight)

HARK!
Release Date - 2008
Label - Robo Records

In 2008, all songs from both albums were digitally remastered and released on a single album entitled HARK!, available on Amazon, iTunes and The Fab Four's official website. The compilation includes the bonus tracks "Sleigh Ride" and "The First Noel", in the style of "Lady Madonna" and "Let It Be", respectively.

The Ultimate Beatles Tribute in Concert, Vol. 1
Release Date - 2002/2011
Label - Self-released

Recorded live at the Tomorrowland Terrace at Disneyland in the summer of 2001.

TV Special Soundtrack
Release Date - 2013
Label - Self-released

The soundtrack to the PBS special The Fab Four: The Ultimate Tribute, recorded live at Pechanga Resort & Casino in January 2012. Available exclusively on CD at the Fab Four's official website.

Personnel
Ron McNeil – Vocals, Guitar, Keyboards, Harmonica
Ardy Sarraf – Vocals, Bass, Keyboards, Guitar
Gavin Pring – Vocals, Lead Guitar, Keyboards, Sitar
Erik Fidel – Vocals, Drums, Percussion

References

The Beatles tribute bands
Musical groups established in 1997


The Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act or Serve America Act (, Public Law 111-13) was introduced in the United States House of Representatives on March 9, 2009, by Representative Carolyn McCarthy of New York. Originally titled the Generations Invigorating Volunteerism and Education Act (GIVE Act), the bill reauthorizes and expands the AmeriCorps program that was first established in 1993. It passed in the House of Representatives on March 18, 2009. The U.S. Senate debated and approved an amended version of the bill on March 26, 2009, renaming it the Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act, after Senator Ted Kennedy. The House of Representatives voted on the bill a second time, approving the amended version on March 31, 2009. It was signed by President Barack Obama on April 21, 2009.

Volunteerism provisions
Included in this bill are some major provisions related to improving volunteerism. First, five new service corps are created which address the needs of low income communities. These include a Clean Energy Corps to encourage energy efficiency and conservation; an Education Corps to help increase student engagement, achievement and graduation; a Healthy Futures Corps to improve health care access; a Veterans  Corps to enhance services for veterans; and an Opportunity Corps.

The bill expanded the number of volunteers nationwide from 75,000 to 250,000. Under the Serve America Act, AmeriCorps's list of programs was expanded. The list now includes giving access to technology, disaster services, mentoring, giving services to disadvantaged youth, higher education service-learning, re-engaging court-involved youth and adults, providing financial literacy education, building affordable housing, providing access to health care and other State and Federal programs, establishing e-Corps, giving job-training and helping with job placement, helping to reduce crime, creating a musician and artist corps program, and providing foster care and mentoring. Much of the Serve America Act discusses funding and how grants can be provided to non-profit organizations through AmeriCorps.

The bill expands the focus of the National Civilian Community Corps (NCCC) to include disaster relief, infrastructure improvement, environmental and energy conservation, and urban and rural development. The bill requires 50% of the NCCC's summer program participants to be from economically and ethnically diverse background. Additionally, this bill creates the National Service Reserve Corps of former national service participants and veterans who are capable of being called to service in the event of disaster or other emergencies.

The bill instructs the NCCC to start a Call to Service Campaign, in order to encourage all Americans to engage in service, as well as marking September 11 as a National Day of Service and Remembrance, of which the NCCC is responsible for planning. It also creates the Campuses of Service which supports and recognizes institutions of higher education with exemplary service learning programs and helps students in the pursuit of public service careers.

The bill also increased the Segal AmeriCorps Education Award that members receive in exchange for their work to $5,350 for 2010. This award value is associated with the maximum Pell Grant scholarship.

Community engagement provisions
The Youth Engagement Zones created under the bill provides for a new service-learning program to engage low-income high school students and out-of-school youth in volunteer efforts to make change in relation to challenges in their local community. Additionally a Summer of Service, which allows for rising 6-12 graders who complete 100 hours of service in an approved position to receive a monetary award is created. Also, the Semester of Service is established which gives high school students the opportunity to participate in service learning for at least 70 hours in a semester to engage lower-income students.

The Social Innovations Fund grants funding to new initiatives, and allows the federal government to give money to private and philanthropic organizations to support evidence-based programming. Additionally, the Volunteer Generation Fund provides grants to improve the quality and capacity of organizations to work with volunteers, and to create innovations in volunteerism in the areas of recruitment, training, and management.

Funding the Serve America Act
In order to originally implement the Serve America Act, President Barack Obama requested and received approval from Congress for a $1.149 billion for the Corporation. This budget approval marked a huge increase in funding for service in America. Through this increase in funding, existing programs received more money, and the new programs created under the act were able to get off the ground. President Obama requested a $1.4 billion budget for the program.

Criticism
The critics of the Serve America Act argue that by expanding AmeriCorps, the United States government is providing funding to volunteering, something that should be done without compensation. Because AmeriCorps' mission was expanded under the Serve America Act, some feel as though participants do not have similar experiences, and do not feel a sense of connection to the program. The amount of time that AmeriCorps members are required to serve has been reduced, therefore making some question the quality of service these members can provide to the communities they are serving. Critics argue that not enough data exists to support warranting the expansion of national volunteerism through America, and that funding may not be available to have the actions of the bill succeed. They also argue that there might not be enough grantees to provide opportunities to the number of volunteers this bill looks to engage.

References

External links
 Serve America Act (U.S. Government Printing Office)

Acts of the 111th United States Congress
AmeriCorps organizations
Presidency of Barack Obama
Ted Kennedy
March 2009 events in the United States


Indexed universal life (often shortened to IUL) is a type of universal life insurance product that offers a death benefit coupled with a cash value account that can be used to pay policy premiums or take withdrawals and loans. Indexed life usually provides a floor of 0%, but offers higher upside interest crediting based on the performance of an outside stock index such as the S&P 500 Index. Indexed life insurance is a moderately conservative interest-sensitive life insurance product.

References

Life insurance


The Our Lady of the Philippines Monastery is a Trappist monastery on Jordan, Guimaras, Guimaras, Philippines and is the only Trappist monastery in the country. It was founded in 1972 and at present, there are 35 monks living in the monastery. They produce a number of products, selling under the brand "Trappist Monastic Products", including pineapple and mango jams, which can be found in local stores and at their shop. The monastery is also available for retreats. It is popular stop for tourists visiting Guimaras.

Their abbot is Filomeno Cinco.

References

External links

20th-century Christian monasteries
Christian monasteries in the Philippines
Trappist monasteries
Buildings and structures in Guimaras
20th-century religious buildings and structures in the Philippines


Chitralekha is a weekly news magazine published in Gujarati and Marathi.

History and profile
Chitralekha'''s first issue was published in 1950, under the editorship of Vaju Kotak. The magazine is part of the Chitralekha Group from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is jointly published by Chitralekha and #BANNER1 & # Group.

It has given rise to many prominent Gujarati columnists including Kanti Bhatt, Chandrakant Bakshi, Taarak Mehta, and others. After the death of founding editor Vaju Kotak in 1959, Madhuri Kotak took charge of the magazine along with Harkisan Mehta, who edited it till 1998.

The Chitralekha Group publishes several other magazines, including Watch World (a niche magazine focused on Watches) and BTW (By The Way - a lifestyle magazine circulated with Chitralekha Gujarati).

A US edition of Chitralekha was launched in 2006 and was based in Maryland.

On 20 April 2011, the Indian Postal Service issued a Rs. 5 commemorative postage stamp honouring Chitralekha''.

References

External links
 Official website

1950 establishments in Bombay State
Gujarati-language magazines
News magazines published in India
Weekly magazines published in India
Magazines established in 1950
Mass media in Mumbai


This is the list of the star names in the constellation Draco.

α Dra

 Thuban:
 ＜ (ar) ثعبان thu'bān, serpent, the last part of Ra's al-Thu'bān. (See β Dra.)
 Adib:
 ＜ (ar) الذئبة al-Dhi'b, the Wolf. (See θ Dra.)
 the Dragon's Tail:
 called among seamen.
 Yu Choo:
 ＜ (zh) 右枢, the Right-hand Pivot.

β Dra

 Rastaban:
 ＜ (ar) س الثعبان Ra's al-Thu'bān the Head of the Serpent, transferred from γ Dra. (See γ Dra.)
 Alwaid:
 ＜ (ar) al-‘Awā'idh the Old Mother( Camel)s, for β, γ, ξ, and ν Dra.
 ＜ (ar) al-‘Awwād the Lute-player. (See μ Dra.)
 Asuia:
 ＜ (ar) al-Shujā‘ the Sea-serpent.

γ Dra

 Eltanin (Etamin, Etanin):
 ＜ (ar) راس التنين  Ra's al-Tinnīn the Head of the Dragon.
 Rastaben (Rasaben, Rastaban):
 ＜ mistransliterated form of Ra's al-Tinnīn.
 the Zenith-star:

See also
 List of stars in Draco
 List of star names

Notes

References

Star names
Draco


Remi A. Nadeau (August 30, 1920 – June 6, 2016) was an American historian.  He earned a bachelor's degree from Stanford University and a Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Barbara.

Born in Los Angeles, Remi Allen Nadeau was the son of the late Marguerite and Remi E. Nadeau and the great-great grandson of "old" Remi Nadeau from the 1870s – known as the "King of the Desert Freighters." Remi Allen was a fifth generation Californian, a well-known historian and author, a descendant of one of California's pioneers. He was husband to his wife Margaret, and father to their three children. He died on June 6, 2016, in Santa Barbara, California, of natural causes at the age of 95.

Life and career
Remi A. Nadeau's great, great grandfather Remi Nadeau, was an early French-Canadian emigrant to Los Angeles. In 1861, "old" Remi Nadeau established the first mule-team freight transportation service crossing the Mojave Desert to serve mining areas such as Cerro Gordo and Calico. After the railroads put mule-team freight companies out of business, Nadeau turned to other ventures in the Los Angeles area, including a beet sugar refinery and a hotel.

Nadeau attended University High School in West Los Angeles and was president of the "Boys-League" of his school, while also becoming an Eagle Scout.  As a college student, he majored in American and World History at Stanford University and served as the president of Theta Chi, his college fraternity. He received his Bachelor's of Arts Degree in 1942.

During World War II, Nadeau became a commissioned officer in the United States Army Air Corps through ROTC. He served with the 320th Bomb Group, flying 23 combat missions in the B-26 Marauder as a reconnaissance photographer, toggle bombardier and tail gunner. Additionally, he served as one of the 320th Group Intelligence Officers, the outfit's newspaper editor and a gunnery-training officer. He saw action in North Africa and the Mediterranean and was also stationed in England and post-war occupied Germany. He completed his military service in 1946 with the rank of Major. Once he returned home after the war, he met Margaret G. Smith of Santa Monica. They began a courtship and married in June 1947 in Santa Monica, California.

In 1946, Nadeau completed his first manuscript, which became City-Makers, published by Doubleday. This best selling book chronicled the various historical figures that built Los Angeles, including his great, great grandfather. City-Makers launched Nadeau's career as a California historian. Over his lifetime, he wrote multiple articles and booklets regarding the history of California, the Great West and mid-twentieth century European events.

Nadeau's professional writing career had begun at the Santa Monica Outlook and the San Diego Union newspapers as an editorial writer. Later, he became an executive in the public relations departments of many international corporations, including Atlantic Richfield, North American Aviation, Collins Radio, Rockwell International and Memorex. Additionally he was appointed as the special assistant to the United States Attorney General, where he wrote speeches for Attorneys General  John N. Mitchell and Richard Kleindienst. He also wrote several statements on behalf of President Richard Nixon regarding United States Department of Justice policies and issues.

After retirement from corporate life in 1980, Nadeau earned his PhD in History at the University of California, Santa Barbara, 1987.  During his retired life, he was a member in such organizations as The Westerners, the Santa Barbara Club, the Cosmopolitan Club, and the Eastern California Historical Society, as well as the First Families of California. He and his wife Margaret regularly attended services at the All-Saints by-the-Sea Episcopal Church of Montecito.

Works
 City-Makers: The Men Who Transformed Los Angeles from Village to Metropolis During the First Great Boom, 1868-1876  (1948)

 Los Angeles: From Mission to Modern City    (1960)
 Ghost Towns and Mining Camps of California: A History & Guide (1965)
 California: The New Society  (1963)
 Fort Laramie and the Sioux Indians  (1967)
 The Real Joaquin Murieta: Robin Hood Hero or Gold Rush Gangster: Truth v. Myth   (1974)
 Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt Divide Europe   (1990)
 The Silver Seekers: They Tamed California's Last Frontier   (2003)

References

External links

 Forcing House of National Character Note: two short radio episodes
 Halloween excerpt from California: The New Society, 1963, part of the California Legacy Project
 catalog entry for Remi Nadeau papers at UCLA
Remi Nadeau biography - Explore Historic California
Books by Remi Nadeau, at Amazon Books

1920 births
2016 deaths
American historians
Stanford University alumni
University of California, Santa Barbara alumni


Woodforde is a suburb of Adelaide within the Adelaide Hills Council. It is located about 10 km east of the Adelaide city centre.

Woodforde is in the State House of Assembly Electoral district of Morialta and is in the Federal Division of Mayo.

The Catholic boys' school Rostrevor College is located in the suburb.

Campbelltown City Council has an active boundary change proposal in place to incorporate part of this suburb along with a part of Rostrevor into its boundaries. This is despite an overwhelming 65% majority of residents and ratepayers opposing it in a survey conducted in 2019.

History
Lake Hamilton Post Office opened on 1 April 1880 and was renamed Woodforde later that year before closing in 1882.

Nomenclature
The original estate (spelled "Woodford") of  was owned by John Hallett, who came from Woodford in Essex, and where his mother died. The popular spelling with a final "e" reflects the belief that it was somehow named for Dr. John Woodforde, who came out on the Rapid in 1838 with Colonel Light, and was later appointed City Coroner.
Geoff Manning agrees, but points out that Captain John Finlay Duff, who in 1850 laid out the subdivision of Hallett's section 342, Hundred of Adelaide, called it "The Village of Woodforde"', and so it appears in early conveyancing documents and in an advertisement (as "New Woodforde") in The Register on 28 August 1850.

References

External links
Adelaide Hills Council – Wards Map

Suburbs of Adelaide


Chorizanthe spinosa is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family known by the common name Mojave spineflower. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from the scrub habitat at the western edges of the Mojave Desert.

Chorizanthe spinosa is prostrate or upright, reaching up to 40 centimeters in length. It is grayish in color and hairy in texture. The inflorescence is an open or dense cluster of flowers, with each flower surrounded by green, gray, or pink bracts. There are generally five bracts per flower, with one bract much longer than the others. The bracts are tipped with straight awns. The flower at the center is only about 3 millimeters wide and usually white in color.

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment

spinosa
Endemic flora of California
Flora of the California desert regions
Plants described in 1880
Taxa named by Sereno Watson
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Network forensics is a sub-branch of digital forensics relating to the monitoring and analysis of computer network traffic for the purposes of information gathering, legal evidence, or intrusion detection. Unlike other areas of digital forensics, network investigations deal with volatile and dynamic information. Network traffic is transmitted and then lost, so network forensics is often a pro-active investigation.

Network forensics generally has two uses. The first, relating to security, involves monitoring a network for anomalous traffic and identifying intrusions. An attacker might be able to erase all log files on a compromised host; network-based evidence might therefore be the only evidence available for forensic analysis. The second form relates to law enforcement. In this case analysis of captured network traffic can include tasks such as reassembling transferred files, searching for keywords and parsing human communication such as emails or chat sessions.

Two systems are commonly used to collect network data; a brute force "catch it as you can" and a more intelligent "stop look listen" method.

Overview

Network forensics is a comparatively new field of forensic science. The growing popularity of the Internet in homes means that computing has become network-centric and data is now available outside of disk-based digital evidence. Network forensics can be performed as a standalone investigation or alongside a computer forensics analysis (where it is often used to reveal links between digital devices or reconstruct how a crime was committed).

Marcus Ranum is credited with defining Network forensics as "the capture, recording, and analysis of network events in order to discover the source of security attacks or other problem incidents".

Compared to computer forensics, where evidence is usually preserved on disk, network data is more volatile and unpredictable. Investigators often only have material to examine if packet filters, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems were set up to anticipate breaches of security.

Systems used to collect network data for forensics use usually come in two forms:
"Catch-it-as-you-can" – This is where all packets passing through a certain traffic point are captured and written to storage with analysis being done subsequently in batch mode. This approach requires large amounts of storage.
"Stop, look and listen" – This is where each packet is analyzed in a rudimentary way in memory and only certain information saved for future analysis. This approach requires a faster processor to keep up with incoming traffic.

Types

Ethernet

Apt all data on this layer and allows the user to filter for different events. With these tools, website pages, email attachments, and other network traffic can be reconstructed only if they are transmitted or received unencrypted. An advantage of collecting this data is that it is directly connected to a host. If, for example the IP address or the MAC address of a host at a certain time is known, all data sent to or from this IP or MAC address can be filtered.

To establish the connection between IP and MAC address, it is useful to take a closer look at auxiliary network protocols. The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) tables list the MAC addresses with the corresponding IP addresses.

To collect data on this layer, the network interface card (NIC) of a host can be put into "promiscuous mode". In so doing, all traffic will be passed to the CPU, not only the traffic meant for the host.

However, if an intruder or attacker is aware that his connection might be eavesdropped, he might use encryption to secure his connection. It is almost impossible nowadays to break encryption but the fact that a suspect's connection to another host is encrypted all the time might indicate that the other host is an accomplice of the suspect.

TCP/IP

On the network layer the Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for directing the packets generated by TCP through the network (e.g., the Internet) by adding source and destination information which can be interpreted by routers all over the network. Cellular digital packet networks, like GPRS, use similar protocols like IP, so the methods described for IP work with them as well.

For the correct routing, every intermediate router must have a routing table to know where to send the packet next.
These routing tables are one of the best sources of information if investigating a digital crime and trying to track down an attacker. To do this, it is necessary to follow the packets of the attacker, reverse the sending route and find the computer the packet came from (i.e., the attacker).

Encrypted Traffic Analytics
Given the proliferation of TLS encryption on the internet, as of April 2021 it is estimated that half of all malware uses TLS to evade detection. Encrypted traffic analysis inspects traffic to identify encrypted traffic coming from malware and other threats by detecting suspicious combinations of TLS characteristics, usually to uncommon networks or servers. Another approach to encrypted traffic analysis uses a generated database of fingerprints, although these techniques have been criticized as being easily bypassed by hackers and inaccurate.

The Internet
The internet can be a rich source of digital evidence including web browsing, email, newsgroup, synchronous chat and peer-to-peer traffic. For example, web server logs can be used to show when (or if) a suspect accessed information related to criminal activity. Email accounts can often contain useful evidence; but email headers are easily faked and, so, network forensics may be used to prove the exact origin of incriminating material. Network forensics can also be used in order to find out who is using a particular computer by extracting user account information from the network traffic.

Wireless forensics
Wireless forensics is a sub-discipline of network forensics. The main goal of wireless forensics is to provide the methodology and tools required to collect and analyze (wireless) network traffic that can be presented as valid digital evidence in a court of law. The evidence collected can correspond to plain data or, with the broad usage of Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technologies, especially over wireless, can include voice conversations.

Analysis of wireless network traffic is similar to that on wired networks, however there may be the added consideration of wireless security measures.

References

External links
Overview of network forensic tools and datasets (2021)
Forensics Wiki (2010)

Computer networking
Digital forensics


This list comprises all players who participated in at least one league match for California Victory during their only season in the USL in 2007. Players who were on the roster but never played a first team game are not listed; players who appeared for the team in other competitions (US Open Cup, CONCACAF Champions League, etc.) but never actually made an USL appearance are noted at the bottom of the page where appropriate.

A "†" denotes players who only appeared in a single match.

A
  Omar Aguayo
  Luis Aguilar
  Mike R Anderson

B
  Josh Barton
  Federico Bianchi

C
  Hugo Casillas
  Aaron Chandler

D
  Cameron Dunn

E
  Juan Epitié

F
  Matthew Fitzgerald

H
  Josh Hansen
  Ricky Herron

I
  Patrick Ianni

J
  Dominik Jakubek

K
  Chuck Kim

L
  Matt Languis

M
  Kiel McClung
  Luis Mira
  Yuri Morales
  Mike Muñoz

O
  Edwardo Oliveria

P
  Raul Palomares

R
  Mike Randolph
  Eric Reed
  José Retiz

S
  Ricardo Sánchez
  Christopher Schwarze
  Ronald Silva
  Daniel Smith
  Ryan Suarez

T
  Josh Tudela

Sources

California Victory

Association football player non-biographical articles


Searose Beach is an unincorporated community in Lane County, Oregon, United States.  It lies along U.S. Route 101, near the Pacific Ocean.

Oregon Coast
Unincorporated communities in Lane County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
Populated coastal places in Oregon


Chorizanthe stellulata is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family known by the common name starlet spineflower. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the dry woodlands of the low mountains and foothills along the central part of the state, such as the Sierra Nevada foothills. The plant takes an erect form, reaching up to 30 centimeters tall. The leaves are located at the base of the plant, and there is also a whorl of leaves at mid-stem. The inflorescence is a dense cluster of flowers, each flower surrounded by hairy, bristly white bracts tipped with hooked awns. The flower is 4 or 5 millimeters long and white to pink in color.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment

stellulata
Endemic flora of California
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the Central Valley (California)
Plants described in 1856
Taxa named by George Bentham


William Wake (1657–1737) was an English priest and the archbishop of Canterbury 1716 until his death in 1737.

William Wake may also refer to:
Sir William Wake, 8th Baronet (1742–1785), British politician
William Wake (cricketer) (1852–1896), English cricketer
William Wake (governor), governor of Bombay, 1742–1750
William Wake (sailor), captain of the British trading schooner, Prince William Henry, Wake Island is named after him


Chorizanthe uniaristata is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family known by the common name one-awn spineflower. It is endemic to central California, where it is known from several of the local mountain ranges, as well as the Central Coast.

It grows in sandy, gravelly, and rocky soils in chaparral and woodland. This plant has upright or decumbent stems up to about 25 centimeters in length. It is hairy and gray, green, or reddish in color. The inflorescence is a cluster of flowers, with each flower surrounded by an array of six hairy bracts. One bract is much longer than the others and has a long, straight awn; the other bracts have hooked awns. The flower is 2 or 3 millimeters long and usually white.

References

External links
 Calflora Database: Chorizanthe uniaristata (One awn spineflower)
Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Chorizanthe uniaristata
UC Photos gallery: Chorizanthe uniaristata

uniaristata
Endemic flora of California
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the Central Valley (California)
Plants described in 1870
Taxa named by Asa Gray
Taxa named by John Torrey


The  is a suburban electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR-West) in the Kansai Region of Japan since March 1989.

Operations
 Tōkaidō Main Line (Biwako Line, JR Kyoto Line, JR Kobe Line) ( - , until 2023)
 Sanyō Main Line (JR Kobe Line) (Kōbe - , until 2023)
 Hokuriku Main Line (Biwako Line) ( - Maibara, until 2023)
 Kosei Line ( - )
 Osaka Loop Line (only on Rapid service, Regional Rapid service and Local train)
 Osaka Higashi Line (from 12 March 2022)
 Kansai Main Line (Yamatoji Line) ( - )
 Nara Line
 Sakurai Line (Manyō-Mahoroba Line)
 Wakayama Line ( - )
 Akō Line ( - , until 2023)
 Sanin Main Line (Sagano Line) ( - )
 Bantan Line  ( - , until 2023)

Formations
, the fleet consisted of 474 vehicles, formed as 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-car sets, based at Kyoto, Nara, and Aboshi depots.

Aboshi Depot

8-car sets (A prefix)

6-car sets (B prefix)

4-car sets (C prefix)

Nara Depot

8-car sets (NB prefix)

6-car sets (NC prefix)

4-car sets (NA prefix)

2-car sets

Kyoto Depot

4-car sets (K prefix)

The KuMoHa 221 cars in some formations are equipped with a second de-icing pantograph.

Interior
Seating is arranged as 2+2 abreast transverse flip-over seats.

History
The first 221 series trains were introduced from the start of the revised timetable in March 1989.

The 221 series received the Laurel Prize in 1990.

Refurbishment

From December 2012, a programme of refurbishment started, which will ultimately cover the entire fleet of 474 vehicles. Interior improvements include new universal access toilets, provision of wheelchair spaces, and flip-up seating next to the doorways. The first refurbished set, 4-car set K12, was returned to revenue service on 11 January 2013.

References

Electric multiple units of Japan
West Japan Railway Company
Train-related introductions in 1989
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Kinki Sharyo multiple units
Kawasaki multiple units
Hitachi multiple units


David B. Schwartz is a comic book writer.

His first published work was in New Mutants Annual #6 (Marvel Comics, 1990). Most notable work is MELTDOWN (Image Comics), which received significant accolades and was named to several annual Top 10 lists for 2006 and 2007.

Since Meltdown, he's worked primarily for Aspen Comics, first on their "Shrugged" spin-off "Aspen Showcase: Ember". At the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con, Schwartz was announced as the writer of a new arc of Aspen Comics' series "Fathom", entitled "Fathom: Blue Descent". At the 2011 WonderCon, he was announced as the creator and writer of a new creator-owned series entitled "IDOLIZED", with Micah Gunnell as the artist for the series.

David also dabbled in screenwriting. Credits included the feature film Fighting Gravity (CC Films, 1997, winner of various film festival awards), and the syndicated sketch comedy TV series The Newz.
In addition to writing, David is an executive at The Walt Disney Company.

References
 Aspen Showcase: Ember Review on AICN:
 Meltdown Reviews:
 Comic Book Database Entry:

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American comics writers


Livesey is a civil parish in the ceremonial county of Lancashire, England.

Livesey may also refer to:

Livesey (surname)
7170 Livesey (1987 MK), a main-belt asteroid discovered on 30 June 1987
Livesey Museum for Children, Old Kent Road, Southwark, London, England
Charlie Livesey (1938–2005), English footballer
Dorothy Livesay Poetry Prize

See also
Livesay (disambiguation)


Chorizanthe valida is a rare species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family known by the common name Sonoma spineflower. It is endemic to West Marin, Marin County, California, where it is known from only one remaining natural population at Point Reyes National Seashore. It was thought to be extinct until 1980 when the Point Reyes population was discovered.

Chorizanthe valida is a federally listed endangered species.

This plant is erect in form, reaching up to about 30 centimeters tall. The inflorescence is a cluster of flowers with each flower surrounded by six reddish or gray bracts, each tipped with a straight awn. The awns are bright red when new and age ivory white. They are not hard or hooked in shape like those of many other Chorizanthe. The flower is a few millimeters long and white or pink in color.

This rare plant once had a wider distribution; specimens were collected many decades ago in neighboring Sonoma County. Today it is limited to Point Reyes where there is one natural population at Abbotts Lagoon and one that has been reintroduced by humans near Bull Point. The number of individuals is variable.

The local habitat is coastal prairie on deep, sandy soils. The soil, remnants of a Pleistocene dune system, can bear only drought-tolerant plants because it cannot retain much water.

Research suggests that areas with grazing cattle contain a larger number of plants than areas where animals are excluded, but the plants in the exclusion areas are larger and have more flowers. Cattle do not eat the rare plant and may in fact help clear the land of invasive non-native plants, such as velvetgrass (Holcus lanatus). The land around Abbotts Lagoon is a cattle pasture today.

This species occurs within the bounds of a protected National Seashore, so its habitat will not be developed, and it is protected from such activities as mining, dredging, and horseback riding activity. Threats that do remain include damage by hikers and off-road vehicles. The overall effects of cattle on the land are not certain; they may actually be a positive force in the life of the rare plant. The plant is limited to two relatively small populations, so any one severe event such as wildfire or drought could drive it to extinction.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment: Chorizanthe valida
USDA Plants Profile: Chorizanthe valida
Flora of North America: Chorizanthe valida
Chorizanthe valida Photo gallery

Further reading
Rilla, E. and L. Bush. (2009). The changing role of agriculture in Point Reyes National Seashore. University of California Cooperative Extension Marin.

External links
 Calflora Database: Chorizanthe valida (Sonoma spineflower)
 Jepson eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Chorizanthe valida
 UC Photos gallery: Chorizanthe valida

valida
Endemic flora of California
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of Marin County, California
Point Reyes National Seashore
West Marin
Plants described in 1877
Taxa named by Sereno Watson
Critically endangered flora of California
Endemic flora of the San Francisco Bay Area


The Terminators is a 2009 American science fiction film directed by Xavier S. Puslowski, starring Jeremy London, A Martinez, Paul Logan, and produced by The Asylum. As a mockbuster, it was released one month prior to the premiere of the fourth film in the Terminator franchise, Terminator Salvation. This film is unrelated to the popular Terminator franchise.

Plot
The film takes place at an undetermined point in the future, when humanity has developed advanced robotic technology with enhanced artificial intelligence. This includes the use of cybernetic organisms (or cyborgs) called the TR-4 (all TR-4s are played by Paul Logan) for general labor. After being reprogrammed by the newest model TR-5, the machines instigate a cybernetic revolt against humanity, bombing cities and sending thousands of armed, identical TR-4 androids to eradicate all human life.

A band of survivors, led by small-town Sheriff Reed (A Martinez), battle to survive and defeat the TR-4s. During their journey, they encounter a mysterious man, Kurt Ross (Jeremy London) who possesses a weapon that can disable any TR-4 it hits. Ross also has intimate knowledge of the TR-4s and is heavily implied to have met Reed in the past. With Ross's help, Reed's group struggles through several battles with the TR-4s and ultimately locate an airship used by the machines to travel. Ross proposes that they travel to the space station where the TR-4s originate from and shut them down remotely, but they must first acquire fuel for the ship. They find the fuel, but Sheriff Reed is shot in the leg by a TR-4.

On the ship, the survivors discover metal beneath Reed's skin, causing him to begin questioning his existence. Ross reveals that Reed is actually one of the first TR-5s, planted in the community with Ross as his handler. Reed's memories are all implants based on Ross's own memories. Bronson (Dustin Harnish) becomes paranoid and believes the other survivors are also cyborgs, but Chloe (Lauren Walsh) persuades him by revealing she is pregnant. At the space station, the group battles the TR-4s en masse, resulting in Bronson's death and Tiffany (Lucinda Rogers)  becoming separated from the others. Ross attempts to shut down the TR-4s but the control console fights back, repeatedly locking him out. Suddenly, the TR-4s all shut down, and Ross ominously realizes their power is being funneled to a much worse problem – the giant TR-5 that caused the rebellion in the first place. The massive robot appears and kills Ross with a blade mounted in its arm after shrugging off his EMP weapon, then attacks Chloe. Reed appears and baits the TR-5 into an airlock, and Chloe ejects both it and Reed into outer space. The TR-4s come back to life despite Tiffany hitting the shutdown switch, but when she rips the cords from the control box, they all die simultaneously. Chloe, Tiffany, Tanner (Mark Hengst), Laura (Krystle Connor) and Chloe's unborn child are left as the only survivors, possibly of all humanity.

Cast
Jeremy London as  Kurt Ross
A Martinez as Sheriff Reed Carpenter
Paul Logan as TR-4
Lauren Walsh as Chloe
Sara Tomko as Pallas
Dustin Harnish as Bronson
Clint Browning as Chuck
Lucinda Rogers as Tiffany
Mark Hengst as Tanner
Krystle Connor as Laura
Gary Miller-Youst as Sam (as Gary Youst)
Joel Hebner as Anson (as Joel E. Hebner)
Naómi Hurter as Paige (as Naomi Hurter)
Russell Reynolds as Captain Engineer (as G. Russell Reynolds)
Stephen Blackehart as Logan
Jason S. Gray as Lipinski

References

External links

 The Terminators at The Asylum

2009 independent films
2009 science fiction films
2009 films
2009 direct-to-video films
American robot films
American science fiction films
The Asylum films
Mockbuster films
Films set in San Diego
Films set in the future
Direct-to-video science fiction films
American dystopian films
Android (robot) films
Films directed by Xavier S. Puslowski
Films about artificial intelligence
Apocalyptic films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films