Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano (25 December 1974 – 7 October 2012), commonly referred to by his aliases Z-3 and El Lazca, was a Mexican drug lord and the leader of Los Zetas drug cartel. He was one of the most-wanted Mexican drug lords.

Lazcano joined the Mexican Army at the age of 17 and later ascended to the Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales (GAFE), the Mexican Army special forces. During his tenure in the Mexican Army, Lazcano reportedly received military training from the Israeli Defense Forces and the United States Army, but eventually deserted in 1998, after eight years of service. Upon his desertion, he was recruited by the drug lord Osiel Cárdenas Guillén and Arturo Guzmán Decena with around 30 other soldiers to work as the enforcers of the Gulf Cartel, forming the paramilitary group known as Los Zetas. His torture methods earned him the nickname "El Verdugo" ('The Executioner'), particularly for killing his victims by feeding them to lions and tigers he kept in a ranch.

Lazcano died in a shootout with the Mexican Navy on 7 October 2012.  After his death, his body was taken from the funeral home by an armed gang.

Early life
Lazcano was born to a poor family on Christmas Day, December 1974, in Apan, Hidalgo, Mexico. He enlisted in the Mexican Army as an infantry soldier at age 17 and was later enrolled in the Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales (GAFE), an elite special forces team dedicated to combating Guerrillas (like the EZLN) and drug-trafficking organizations. His first military mission took place during the presidency of Ernesto Zedillo, when he was sent along with other GAFE soldiers to put down the armed insurgency in Chiapas. After that, he was moved to northern Mexico as part of a security reinforcement program against the drug trafficking organizations. While serving in the Mexican Army, Lazcano reportedly received training from the Israeli Defense Forces and the United States Army. He acquired training in areas of counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism tactics; sniper techniques; jungle, mountain, desert, naval, and urban warfare; and learned how to use explosives, high-calibre rifles and grenade-launchers.

While traveling through Reynosa, Tamaulipas on 18 February 1998, Lazcano was detained by the Mexican authorities with 325 kilograms of marijuana in his vehicle (Chevrolet Silverado). During that time, Lazcano was still working as a judicial police officer in Tamaulipas but was also working for the drug lord Osiel Cárdenas Guillén. The federal document does not explain why he was allowed to leave after the narcotics were confiscated, but soon after this incident Lazcano left the military and his duty as a police reinforcement to work full-time for the Gulf Cartel.

Organized crime
He served in the Army for seven years and eventually deserted on 27 March 1998, when he was recruited by Osiel Cárdenas Guillén and Arturo Guzmán Decena to form part of Los Zetas, originally set up by former soldiers of the Mexican Army working on the behalf of the Gulf Cartel. After Cárdenas Guillén was arrested and extradited to the United States in 2007, Los Zetas broke relations with the Gulf Cartel in 2010 and rose to become the strongest criminal organization in Mexico, alongside the Sinaloa Cartel. Lazcano was placed as third in command (Z-3), and after the death of Guzmán Decena (Z-1) in 2002 and the capture of Rogelio González Pizaña (Z-2) in 2004, he became the commander.

Under the tutelage of Lazcano, Los Zetas recruited more gunmen into their ranks, many of them former soldiers of the Mexican military and ex-Kaibiles, the Special Forces squadron of the Guatemalan military, former police officers, and street thugs. Lazcano also created regional cells that specialized in other crimes besides drug trafficking. Due to his military background, Lazcano instilled a "military culture" in his squadron, designating new recruits with the titles of "lieutenant" and "commander," and training them in military tactics.

By 2008, Lazcano forged an alliance with the brothers of the Beltrán Leyva Cartel and with Vicente Carrillo Fuentes of the Juárez Cartel. Since early 2010, Los Zetas broke relations with their former employers, the Gulf Cartel, causing a violent turf war throughout the border states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo León in northeastern Mexico. The war between these two criminal organizations has left thousands dead.

Lazcano is suspected of killing hundreds of people, including the journalist Francisco Ortiz Franco, who was assassinated in 2004 in front of his two children as he was leaving a clinic. Lazcano played a particular role in Los Zetas; with his military training, he was able to combine "military precision with stone-hearted criminality." When he was in power, Lazcano would go with his organization into several regions of Mexico, find out who was in charge of the local kidnapping, human trafficking, and extortion rings, and kill them to take over their business. The rest were then told to join or die.

At its peak, Lazcano's criminal empire consisted of about 10,000 gunmen stretching from the Rio Grande all the way into Central America.

Torture methods
Lazcano made a name for himself by decapitating his victims, putting them in acid baths, and for torturing and killing hundreds of people.

Lazcano became known for using a torture method known as "La Paleta" ('The Popsicle'), in which victims were stripped naked and brutally beaten with a board. A reporter also recalls that Lazcano reportedly tied a man to a tree and beat him until he broke his legs, and then left him tied to the tree for two or three days until he died. According to the Mexican authorities, Lazcano owned a ranch with several lions and tigers, which he used to get rid of his victims. Lazcano also used effective intimidation kills to keep his subordinates in check. He reportedly dumped his victims (or their children) in large barrels of boiling oil. When he found out that some of his men were stealing from him, Lazcano would force one of them to watch while  his henchmen grabbed a 2-by-4 and beat the other to death. When they were dead, the executioner would then cut out the victim's heart (Lazcano threw the organs away, but other drug lords have forced their guests to eat the organs of the victims). Lazcano also pioneered the decapitation techniques that Los Zetas now employ, and protected witnesses have said that Lazcano would let captured rivals starve to death because he liked to watch the process or that he would let them be eaten by wild animals.

Los Zetas infighting

In a flurry of articles on late August 2012, a U.S. law enforcement official told the press that Miguel Treviño Morales, the former second-in-command of Los Zetas, had reportedly taken the leadership of the cartel and displaced Lazcano, the long-time leader. Due to his violent and confrontational personality, Treviño Morales began the process of taking over the assets of Los Zetas and removing Lazcano in early 2010.

At the beginning, Lazcano was happy to have a man like Treviño Morales in his ranks, but he reportedly underestimated him and gave him too much power. The active role of Treviño Morales got him the loyalty and respect of many in Los Zetas, and eventually many stopped paying loyalty to Lazcano. Personality-wise, Treviño Morales and Lazcano are opposing figures; Treviño Morales tended to prefer violence, while Lazcano was a lot steadier, and preferred to keep his organization as a stable group. Lazcano reportedly wanted Los Zetas to be less of a problem for the next political administration of Enrique Peña Nieto; in contrast, "Treviño Morales was someone who wanted to fight the fight."  Los Zetas are inherently an unstable organized crime group with a long history of brutal violence, with the possibility of constant internal crisis if the organization exists without its central command.

It was later confirmed, however, that Treviño Morales and Lazcano had actually kept their alliance, and that the rumors of the infighting started when several men of Treviño Morales' faction did not want him as leader.

Bounty
Lazcano was wanted by American and Mexican authorities for multiple murders and drug trafficking charges. American officials offered a bounty of $5 million (USD), and Mexican officials offered a bounty of 30 million pesos (equivalent to $2 million USD).

Lazcano had several aliases, including but not limited to: Z-3, Laz, El Lazca, El Bronce ('The Bronze'), El Muñeco ('The Doll'), El Pitirijas ('The Dude'), El Licenciado ('The Lawyer'), and El Verdugo ('The Executioner').

He was ranked by law enforcement officials at the top of the list of Mexico's most-wanted drug lords, often credited as being the second most-wanted, just behind Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán. Nonetheless, both of them come from very different backgrounds and present different challenges to the Mexican government. Guzmán is the modern version of the "old school" drug boss, although the extreme violence from Los Zetas has forced his organization to sometimes contradict its politics. Los Zetas, on the other hand, are the "cartel of our time," who opt for brutal violence.

Kingpin Act sanction
On 20 July 2009, the United States Department of the Treasury sanctioned Lazcano under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act (sometimes referred to simply as the "Kingpin Act"), for his involvement in drug trafficking along with three other international criminals. The act prohibited U.S. citizens and companies from doing any kind of business activity with him, and virtually froze all his assets in the U.S.

Manhunt

On 21 April 2012 the Mexican Armed Forces raided a party in the city of Monclova, Coahuila, with the objective of capturing Lazcano. The musical group Banda Jerez was playing during the party and reportedly dedicated a song to El Lazca, who fled the scene and avoided his capture.

Allegations of death
There had been multiple unconfirmed reports that Lazcano may have been killed in the years leading up to his actual death, but all of the allegations were disproved by the Mexican and U.S. authorities. Two reports by U.S. newspapers The Monitor and The Brownsville Herald indicated that Lazcano had been killed in a gunbattle with a Mexican Army on the streets of Matamoros, Tamaulipas on 17 June 2011. The articles stated that Los Zetas had held a meeting in Matamoros with the Gulf Cartel, which explained why Lazcano was there in the first place.

The U.S. Department of State later confirmed that "the physical characteristics of the dead men allow the conclusion to be drawn that Heriberto Lazcano, leader of the Zetas criminal organization, was not among them."

Death
On 7 October 2012, the Mexican Navy responded to a civilian complaint reporting the presence of armed gunmen in Progreso, Coahuila. Upon the navy's arrival, Lazcano and one gunman—who were inside a white van—opened fire against the marines, triggering a shootout that left Lazcano, his gunman, and one marine dead. The vehicle was found to contain a grenade launcher, 12 grenades, possibly a rocket-propelled grenade launcher, and two rifles, according to the Navy. The Navy managed to confirm his death through fingerprint verification and photographs of his corpse before handing the body to the local authorities. However, before the Navy could make an official announcement of his death, several heavily armed and masked gunmen, presumably under orders of Miguel Treviño Morales, stormed the funeral home where his body lay with that of the other man involved in the shooting. Homero Ramos, Coahuila's state prosecutor, said: "A masked, armed group overpowered the personnel, took the bodies, and forced the owner of the funeral home to drive the getaway vehicle."

At the time of his death, Lazcano was 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) tall and not 1.60 m (5 ft 3 in), as previously estimated by the authorities.

The Mexican Navy did not identify Lazcano until his body was snatched from the funeral home in Sabinas, Coahuila, a testament to the drug lord's low-profile behavior. At first, the Navy thought the two gunmen killed in the shootout were low-level criminals, which explains why they were taken to a funeral parlor. Once the bodies were taken, the police matched the fingerprints and photos with those of Lazcano. He was able to be identified because when Lazcano was in the military, his fingerprints were on file; he also spent some time in jail early in his career, and his prints may have been taken there. It is not surprising, however, that Lazcano was not identified immediately, given that there were very few pictures of him. The fact that he had also spent some time in Guatemala and overseas, and that the Navy was responding to a civilian tip regarding armed men at a baseball game, made his presence unexpected. His entourage was also uncharacteristic for a major drug trafficker, although it is quite common for cartel leaders to travel in small groups to avoid attracting unnecessary attention. Unlike other drug traffickers, Lazcano was elusive and avoided opulence and power to keep a low profile. He was one of the most secretive drug lords in Mexico, mainly because he had been trained in military intelligence.

Background
Lazcano was the most powerful cartel leader to be killed since the start of Mexico's drug war in 2006.

Lazcano's death differs from those of other cartel leaders in Mexico – including the Gulf Cartel kingpin Antonio Cárdenas Guillén, La Familia Michoacana leader Nazario Moreno González and the Beltrán-Leyva Cartel leader Arturo Beltrán Leyva – as they died in gun battles that lasted hours. Moreover, it was not the first time Mexican cartel members have recovered the bodies of their associates. The body of Arturo Guzmán Decena, the founder of Los Zetas, was snatched after a shootout with the Mexican Army in 2002. In 2010, the Mexican police killed the drug lord Nazario Moreno González of La Familia Michoacana in a gun battle; before they could take the body, his gunmen carried it off. Taking the bodies of their fallen comrades is a part of Los Zetas' military culture, in which gunmen are taught to not leave their comrades behind.

This death came just hours after the Navy arrested a high-ranking Zeta member in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Salvador Alfonso Martínez Escobedo. The suspect, known by his code name, "La Ardilla" ('The Squirrel'), was linked to two massacres in northeastern Mexico: the mass murder of 72 migrants in 2010 and the mass graves with more than 200 people in 2011; he is also believed to be responsible for two massive jail breaks, and for the assassination of David Hartley, a U.S. citizen, in Falcon Lake near the U.S-Mexico border on 30 September 2010. Martínez Escobedo knew Lazcano personally and made him the godfather of his 2010 wedding; he helped the authorities identify the corpse of Lazcano, although it is unclear if he did it through the photographs or in person.

Analysis of repercussions
The apparent death of Lazcano benefited three parties: the Mexican Navy, who dealt a significant blow to organized crime with the death of Lazcano; Miguel Treviño Morales, who, until his capture on 15 July 2013, rose as the "uncontested" leader of Los Zetas; and Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán, who, until his capture on 22 February 2014, was the leader of the Sinaloa Cartel and the main rival of Los Zetas. (El Chapo would later escape from prison on 11 July 2015 and resume control of the cartel.) El Chapo was perhaps the biggest winner of the three, since his primary goal was to take over the smuggling routes in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, the headquarters of Treviño Morales. If the body hadn't been taken, it would also be a symbolic victory for Felipe Calderón, who can say that his administration took down one of the founders and top leaders of Los Zetas and consequently boost the morale of the Mexican military.

It is still unclear, however, if Lazcano's absence will drastically change the operational structure of Los Zetas. In the months prior to his death, Miguel Treviño Morales had taken the lead of Los Zetas while Lazcano's power declined. When the rumors of his supposed death in 2011 were denied, he fell off the radar and spent much of his time hiding in South America and Europe. There were also false rumors that Lazcano had terminal cancer. It is likely that Lazcano had very little control over the operational aspects of his organization, considering that Los Zetas operate like a franchise rather than by the "traditional top-down hierarchy" of other drug trafficking organizations. Therefore, his death may not impact Los Zetas as much as it could have, had he been killed in 2010. Ultimately, the death of Lazcano will not stop the split inside Los Zetas, given the organization's infrastructure, where its members can operate freely in local cells.

In addition, the power struggle of Los Zetas and Lazcano's absence will probably hurt the Juárez Cartel in its fight against Sinaloa Cartel for the control of the smuggling routes in the state of Chihuahua. Given the organization's fragmentation, the Zetas will probably not be able to support Vicente Carrillo Fuentes in Ciudad Juárez, which will allow them to fall prey to their competitors in the area. The infamous border town of Ciudad Juárez, which experienced more than 11,000 homicides from 2007 to 2012 and an average of 300 homicides a month in 2010, will probably remain calm. After violence reached its peak in October 2010, homicides have plummeted steadily in the city, mainly because the Sinaloa Cartel has managed to defeat the Juárez Cartel and its affiliated gangs. By late 2012, Ciudad Juárez "entered a new chapter" in Mexico's criminal underworld; Julián Leyzaola, the city's police chief, controlled the police forces; social programs like Todos Somos Juárez were implemented throughout the city; and, "perhaps the best indicator of a peaceful future," the Sinaloa Cartel managed to take control of the smuggling routes in the city as a full-pledged one-tier organization. According to the journalist Samuel Logan, Ciudad Juárez is likely to experience relative peace in the future as the Sinaloa Cartel fights off the remaining second-tier groups to establish a monopoly in the area.

The last standing members of the Juárez Cartel and its two gangs – La Línea and Los Aztecas – will continue to be in Ciudad Juárez after the death of Lazcano, but Logan alleges that it is unlikely that Los Zetas will make a push to fight for the turf. Miguel Treviño Morales of the Zeta cartel probably settled in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas as the Sinaloa Cartel "deepens its dominance in the Mexican criminal system." The Juárez Cartel has been severely battered by the government and rival cartels, though it was once a major player in Mexico's drug trade. It is no longer a transnational criminal organization since it has lost its connection with drug suppliers elsewhere in Latin America, and is now a "second-tier" organization on par with Los Aztecas, as Logan alleges.

Analysts say that Lazcano's death does not signify the end of Los Zetas. As seen in other instances when top cartel leaders are taken out, fragmenting within the organizations occur, causing short-term violence. Los Zetas have a line of succession when leaders are arrested or killed, but the problem is that most of these replacements are younger, less-experienced members who are likely to resort to violence to maintain their reputation. The Mexican Navy disagrees with this hypothesis; they consider that the death of Lazcano will not increase drug-related violence or infightings within the cartel. Their reasoning lies on the fact that Miguel Treviño Morales "naturally" succeeded Lazcano and lead Los Zetas. In a response to the Navy's statements, InSight Crime believes that Lazcano's fall will not stop Los Zetas from fragmenting, making incursions from other cartels and infightings more likely to occur.

Memorial
In Puebla, several candles and flowers were left as offerings for Lazcano on the Day of the Dead to "help him through Mictlan," the underworld of Aztec mythology. The offering also had a picture of Lazcano, a beet juice cup, a copy of the Mexican Constitution, a colorful jokes book, and a book about skulls. in October 2014, a newspaper in Veracruz state published an obituary in memory of his second death anniversary and with details of a mass ceremony held in a local church.

Philanthropy
On a wall of the chapel in the village of Tezontle, Hidalgo, a plaque says it was donated by Heriberto Lazcano:
"Donated by Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano, Lord, hear my prayer", reads the bronze-colored marker, which states the chapel was built in honor of Pope John Paul II. The Rev. Juan Aguilar, spokesman for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tulancingo, where the chapel is located, said it was built in 2009 as a community project and the money did not go through the church, which was unaware of who funded it. The revelation has the church distancing itself from the property while admitting it knows of other donations from drug traffickers. The federal Attorney General is investigating the funding of the Tezontle chapel for possible criminal charges, including money laundering or "use of illicit funds." The diocese will decide whether to continue using the chapel, depending on the results of the federal investigation.

Aside from financing a church in Tezontle, Lazcano also sponsored several other constructions and festives in honor of Our Lady of San Juan de los Lagos every February, which helped him gain the gratitude of the villagers. He also organized several celebrations during Children's Day and promoted the events through a number of media outlets. This practice was borrowed from the drug lord Cárdenas Guillén, who organized Children's Day parties when Los Zetas and the Gulf Cartel were under a single command structure.

See also
 Infighting in the Gulf Cartel
 2011–2012 in the Mexican Drug War

Sources

Footnotes

References

Bibliography

External links
Mexico Kills a Drug Kingpin, but the Body Gets Away (archive) – New York Times

Mexican crime bosses
Mexican drug traffickers
Los Zetas
People from Hidalgo (state)
1974 births
2012 deaths
People sanctioned under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act
Founding members of Los Zetas


Maria Deloria Knoll is an expert in the fields of epidemiology, disease surveillance, vaccine trial conduct, and bio-statistics. She currently serves as associate director of Science at the International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), an organization dedicated to accelerating global access to life-saving vaccines, at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, Maryland.

Education
Maria Deloria Knoll completed her undergraduate studies in biostatistics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She received her PhD in epidemiology from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, Maryland.

Research
Knoll's research interests include the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases and the methodologic issues pertaining to the design, conduct and analysis of epidemiologic studies and clinical trials.
Current projects include the PERCH study to determine the causes of pneumonia in settings representative of developing countries to guide the development of new pneumonia vaccines and treatment algorithms for 2015 onwards, estimating the burden and serotype distribution of pneumococcal and meningococcal disease among children and adults, measuring the impact on disease burden of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use in Kenya and The Gambia, and evaluating the value of antigen-based diagnostic tests in blood to improve sensitivity of pneumococcal detection in pneumonia patients.
Knoll has over 20 years of experience in the design, conduct, and analysis of clinical trials and epidemiologic studies. She spent 13 years at the National Institute of Health's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and her clinical trials experience there included close working relationships with many large and mid-sized vaccine manufacturers.  Knoll also served as a Research Assistant Professor at Northwestern University's Department of Preventive Medicine in Chicago, Illinois, where she directed a course on clinical trial design, conduct and analysis in their MPH program, conducted cardiovascular and HIV-related epidemiologic studies using data from established cohorts, and designed therapeutic clinical trials for the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago.  She has written many well cited original articles and is regularly an invited speaker to various international health conferences.

The Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction Study (PCVIS) in The Gambia and Kenya
The GAVI Alliance and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation are funding two pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) impact studies in the Gambia and Kenya. In 2006, these projects were identified as critical to GAVI's objectives of generating sustainable PCV introduction. These studies, funded through the Pneumococcal Vaccines Accelerated Development and Introduction Plan (PneumoADIP), a project of IVAC at The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHSPH), provide the earliest possible opportunity to document the health impact of routine use of PCVs in developing countries.

Awards

National Institutes of Health Merit Award (1999,1991)
Food and Drug Administration Commissioner's Special Citation Group Award (1997)
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary's Group Award for Distinguished Service (1996)
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Special Achievement Award (1995,1991)

External links
IVAC
Dr. Knoll's JHSPH Faculty Page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health alumni
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health alumni
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health faculty
American women epidemiologists
American epidemiologists
21st-century American women


Sauerbruch is a German surname, which means "sour marsh", from the German sauer ("sour") and the Middle High German bruoch, meaning a "marsh" or stream that often flooded. The name may refer to:

Ferdinand Sauerbruch (1875–1951), German surgeon
Matthias Sauerbruch (born 1955), German architect
Peter Sauerbruch (1913–2010), German soldier

See also
13086 Sauerbruch, a main-belt asteroid
Sauerbruch chamber
Sauerbruch – Das war mein Leben, a 1954 German film
Sauerbruch Hutton, a German architecture firm

References

German-language surnames


White Bear railway station, on Station Road, Adlington, Lancashire, England, was on the Lancashire Union Railway line between St Helens and Blackburn. The station was named in some timetables as White Bear (Adlington) or White Bear for Adlington.

The station opened on 1 December 1869 one month after the line that it was situated on, the Lancashire Union Railway from Boars Head Junction in Standish to Rawlinson Bridge, opened for goods traffic. Passenger services also opened on the same date at Boars Head Junction and at Red Rock.

The joint line was constructed because the Wigan coal owners wanted better transportation links to the mills and factories of East Lancashire. The coal owners also wanted a line that would allow trains to go south and gain direct access to Garston Dock where shipping charges were far less than Liverpool dock.

The station was closed to passengers on 4 January 1960, but the line was used for freight and diversions until 1971.

Adlington railway station, serving the Manchester to Preston Line, is now the sole station in the village.

The tracks have been lifted and the station site has been completely built over.

References

Sources

External links
 Station history Adlington town website
 Station history Subterranea Britannica
 The station and nearby lines Rail Map Online
 Adlington's stations on navigable old OS maps, with current satellite overlay National Library of Scotland
 Adlington's stations on navigable late 1940s OS Map npe Maps
 The station, line and mileages Railway Codes
 The station from the air in 1950 Britain from Above (free login needed to zoom)

Disused railway stations in Chorley
Former Lancashire Union Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1869
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1960
1869 establishments in England
1960 disestablishments in England


Carmel is a village in Carmarthenshire, Wales near the village of Cross Hands.

Carmel is on the A476 and is approximately half way between Crosshands and Llandeilo.
Nearby is the National Nature Reserve "Carmel Woods", managed jointly by the Grasslands Trust, Tarmac, and the Countryside Council for Wales.

Carmel also lies near the Ogof Twn Siôn Cati and Carreg Cennen Castle caves.

See also
Carmel National Nature Reserve

References

Villages in Carmarthenshire


Morata may refer to:

People
Álvaro Morata (born 1992), Spanish footballer
Christian Joseph Morata Bautista (born 1981), Filipino singer, actor, host, and model
Olympia Fulvia Morata (1526–1555), Italian classical scholar
Ursula Micaela Morata (1628–1703), nun, mystic, and founder of the convent of the Capuchin Poor Clares in Alicante, Spain

Places
Morata, Papua New Guinea, suburb of Port Moresby, the capital city of Papua New Guinea
Morata de Jalón, municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
Morata de Jiloca, municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
Morata de Tajuña, municipality located in the province of Madrid, Spain

See also
14643 Morata, a main-belt asteroid
Morada (disambiguation)
Moratia
Moretta
Morita (disambiguation)
Murata (disambiguation)

Spanish-language surnames


Rongxian (; also called Rong Xian or Rong County) is a county in the southeast of Guangxi, China, bordering Guangdong province to the southeast. It occupies the northeast corner of the prefecture-level city of Yulin. Its population is approximately 700,000.

Duqiao Mountain (), located in Rongxian, is a famous Taoist sanctuary. Other tourist sites include the Zhenwu Pavilion ().

Transport
Luoyang–Zhanjiang Railway

Climate

See also
 Yangmei, Rong County
 Ramadan ibn Alauddin, a Muslim from Korea who governed Rong County in the 1340s

References

External links
Rongxian Government website
Rongxian County, Home of Overseas Chinese

Counties of Guangxi

Yulin, Guangxi


Rong County or Rongxian is a county of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of Zigong city.

Geography
The county has a total area of . The average elevation above sea level of county is 230 m.

Population
As of 2008, the county had a population of 700,000.

Climate

History

See also
Rongxian Giant Buddha
2019 Zigong Earthquake

References

External links
  Rongxian County Government website

County-level divisions of Sichuan
Zigong


A Master of Science in Information Technology (abbreviated M.Sc.IT, MScIT or MSIT) is a master's degree in the field of information technology awarded by universities in many countries or a person holding such a degree. The MSIT degree is designed for those managing information technology, especially the information systems development process. The MSIT degree is functionally equivalent to a Master of Information Systems Management, which is one of several specialized master's degree programs recognized by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).
One can become software engineer and data scientist after completing M.Sc. IT.

Curriculum
A joint committee of Association for Information Systems (AIS) and Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) members develop a model curriculum for the Master of Science in Information Systems (MSIT). The most recent version of the MSIS Model Curriculum was published in 2016.

Course and Variants
The course of study is concentrated around the Information Systems discipline. The core courses are (typically) Systems analysis, Systems design, Data Communications, Database design, Project management and Security.
The degree typically includes coursework in both computer science and business skills, but the core curriculum might depend on the school and result in other degrees and specializations, including:

 Master of Science (Information Technology) M.Sc.(I.T)
Master of Computer Applications  (MCA)
 Master in Information Science (MIS)
 Master of Science in Information and Communication Technologies (MS-ICT)
 Master of Science in Information Systems Management (MISM)
 Master of Science in Information Technology (MSIT or MS in IT)
 Master of Computer Science (MCS)
 Master of Science in Information Systems (MSIS)
 Master of Science in Management of Information Technology (M.S. in MIT)
 Master of Information Technology (M.I.T.)
 Master of IT (M. IT or MIT) in Denmark
 Candidatus/candidata informationis technologiæ (Cand. it.) in Denmark
 Master of Information Science and Technology (M.I.S.T.) from The University of Tokyo and Osaka University, Japan

See also
 ABET - Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (United States)
 List of master's degrees
 Bachelor of Computer Information Systems
 Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
 Master of Science in Information Systems

References

Science in Information Technology
Computer science education
Information technology education
Information technology qualifications
Science education


"You Can't Do Me" was the first single of Madeleine Peyroux's fourth solo album - Bare Bones - and it hit the radio stations on January 26, 2009. The music was written by Walter Becker and Larry Klein with lyrics by Peyroux. The song was produced by Larry Klein; it begins with an insistent piano chord. No video was produced to accompany the track.

References

2009 songs
Songs written by Madeleine Peyroux
Songs written by Larry Klein
Songs written by Walter Becker
Rounder Records singles


Richard Feldman (born June 15, 1969) is an American professional bicycle racer in time trialing, cyclocross and marathon mountain bike races.  He rides for the Durance-Colnago team .  In 2001, he was the first American to win the UCI world masters time trial championship, in St. Johann, Austria.

He has won eight more rainbow jerseys in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2015.

Feldman owns and operates Durance and lives in Ketchum, Idaho. In 1998 and 1999, he won the Leadville Trail 100 Mountain bike race.  He has also won twelve national championships in cyclocross and time trial.

Career highlights

1989
 World Championship Long Team – Team Time Trial
1990
 1st Idaho State Time Trail Championship
1992
 1st Idaho State Time Trail Championship
 1st Utah State Time Trial Championship
 1st Mackay Triple Eight Challenge [NORBA Classic]
1993
 1st Utah State Time Trial Championship – Course Record
 World Championship Long Team – Team Time Trial
1994
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
1995
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
 1st Galena Grinder
1997
 1st Idaho-Utah State Time Trial Championship
1998
 1st Leadville Trail 100
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship – New State Record
1999
 1st Leadville Trail 100
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
 1st  Overall Durance Time Trial Series
 1st Galena Grinder
2000
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
 1st  Overall Durance Time Trial Series
2001
 1st  UCI World Master Time Trial Championship
 1st Deutschlandsberg Stage Race
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
 1st  Overall Durance Time Trial Series
2002
 1st  National Cyclocross Championship – Master
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
 1st  Overall Durance Time Trial Series
2003
 1st  UCI World Master Time Trial Championship
 1st  National Cyclocross Championship – Master
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
 1st  Overall Durance Time Trial Series
 1st  Overall Snake River Omnium
2004
 1st UCI World Master Time Trial Championship
 1st National Time Trial Championship – Master
 1st National Cyclocross Championship – Master
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
 1st US gran prix of cyclocross – Steilacoom
 1st Idaho State Cyclocross Championship
2005
 1st UCI World Master Time Trial Championship
 1st National Time Trial Championship – Master
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
 1st Utah State Time Trial Championship
 1st Idaho State Cyclocross Championship
 1st US gran prix of cyclocross – Steilacoom
2006
 1st National Time Trial Championship – Master
 1st National Cyclocross Championship – Master
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
 1st Utah State Time Trial Championship
 1st US gran prix of cyclocross – Glouchester #2
 1st W.E. Stedman GP of Cross #5
2007
 1st National Time Trial Championship – Master
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
 1st  Overall US gran prix of cyclocross
1st US gran prix of cyclocross – Louisville #2
1st US gran prix of cyclocross – Trenton #1
1st US gran prix of cyclocross – Portland #1
2008
 1st  National Time Trial Championship – Master
 1st  Overall George’s Time Trial Stage Race
 1st US gran prix of cyclocross – West Windsor #1
 1st US gran prix of cyclocross – West Windsor #2
2009
 1st  Overall G-Fit Time Trial Festival
2010
 1st  UCI World Master Time Trial Championship
 1st  National Time Trial Championship – Master
 1st Idaho State Road Race
 1st  Overall George’s Spring Series
 1st  Overall G-Fit Time Trial Festival
 1st Utah State Time Trial Championship
 1st  Overall Targhee-Teton Hill Climbs
 1st  SWICA BAR
 1st  Eagle Island Cyclocross Series
 1st US gran prix of cyclocross – Portland #1
2011
 1st  UCI World Master Time Trial Championship
 1st Grand Fondo New York Road Race
 1st  Overall Idaho Time Trial Festival
 1st Utah State Time Trial Championship
 1st  Overall Targhee-Teton Hill Climbs
 1st Idaho State Road Race Championship
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
 1st  SWICA BAR
 1st US gran prix of cyclocross – Madison #2
 1st  Overall Southern Idaho Cyclocross Series
 1st  Overall Eagle Island Cyclocross Series
 1st  Overall US gran prix of cyclocross
2012
 1st  UCI World Master Time Trial Championship
 1st  National Time Trial Championship – Master
 1st Emmett-Roubaix Road Race
 1st  Overall Idaho Time Trial Festival
 1st Town to Summit Hill Climb
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
2013
 1st  UCI World Master Time Trial Championship
 1st  National Time Trial Championship – Master
 1st Idaho State Road Race Championship
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
 1st Utah State Time Trial Championship
 1st  Overall Southern Idaho Cyclocross Series
 1st Baldy Hill Climb
2014
 1st Utah State Time Trial Championship
 1st Grand Targhee Hill Climb
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
2015
 1st  UCI World Master Time Trial Championship
 1st Emmett-Roubaix Road Race / Idaho State Road Race Championship
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
 1st Golfe de Ste Tropez Grand Fondo
 1st Utah State Time Trial Championship
 1st Baldy Hill Climb - Course Record
2016
 1st Emmett-Roubaix Road Race / Idaho State Road Race Championship
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
 1st Utah State Time Trial Championship
2017
 1st Idaho State Road Race Championship
 1st Albi CLM
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
2018
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship
2019
 1st Idaho State Time Trial Championship

References

American male cyclists
Marathon mountain bikers
1969 births
Living people
People from Ketchum, Idaho


Rong County, Rongxian, or Junghsien may refer to:

Rong County, Guangxi (容县)
Rong County, Sichuan (荣县)


A somatosensory disorder is an impairment of the somatosensory system.

Signs and symptoms
People may experience numbness, prickling or tingling sensations (paresthesias), or the feeling a limb has "fallen asleep" (an indicator of nerve compression), burning, cutting or other sensations.

Seizures
Certain types of seizures are associated with the somatosensory system. Cortical injury may lead to loss of thermal sensation or the ability to discriminate pain. An aura involving thermal and painful sensations is a phenomenon known to precede the onset of an epileptic seizure or focal seizure. Another type of seizure, called a sensory Jacksonian seizure involves an abnormal, localizable, cutaneous sensation but does not have apparent stimulus. This sensation may progress along a limb or to adjacent cutaneous body areas, reflecting abnormal neuronal firing in the postcentral gyrus where an epileptic discharge is propagated. These episodes in which patients are consciously aware during a seizure have been useful for identifying problems associated with the somatosensory cortex. Patients can describe the nature of the seizure and how they feel during it.

Mechanism
The absence of proprioception or two-point tactile discrimination on one side of the body suggests injury to the contralateral side of the primary somatosensory cortex. However, depending on the extent of the injury, damage can range in loss of proprioception of an individual limb or the entire body. A deficit known as cortical astereognosis of the receptive type describes an inability to make use of tactile sensory information for identifying objects placed in the hand. For example, if this type of injury effects the hand region in the primary somatosensory cortex for one cerebral hemisphere, a patient with closed eyes cannot perceive the position of the fingers on the contralateral hand and will not be able to identify objects such as keys or a cell phone if they are placed into that hand.

Diagnosis
Evaluation of any suspected disease of the somatosensory system is included in a neurological examination of the peripheral nervous system. Modern techniques for testing somatosensory function are still quite crude compared to testing motor function. Evaluation of somatosensory stimuli are limited by the patient's interpretation of sensation in response to testing.

Tactile sensation is tested with a cotton wisp or light touch with a finger. Pain is assessed by pinprick or pinwheel (Wartenberg wheel). A 128 Hz tuning fork is used for testing vibrations.

References

External links

Somatosensory system


Cerro Tres Kandú or Cerro Peró (Tres Kandu or Perõ in the Guaraní language) is the highest point in Paraguay, with an elevation of 842 meters (2,762 ft). It is located in the municipality of General Eugenio Garay, Guairá Department, in a hill range named Ybytyruzú.

This hill was important for the Armed Forces of Paraguay because it was a strategic location to place the army repeater or radio-link for their communication. The national electrical company (ANDE) had also mounted its radiocommunication repeater on this hill. Today these installations are abandoned.

See also
 Geography of Paraguay
 List of elevation extremes by country

References

External links
 "Cerro Peró, Paraguay" on Peakbagger

Hills of Paraguay
Guairá Department
Highest points of countries


Murgas or Murgaš may refer to:

Gilberto Alfredo Murgas (born 1981), Salvadoran football (soccer) player
José Antonio Murgas, Colombian politician
Jozef Murgaš (1864–1929), Slovak inventor, architect, botanist, painter, patriot, and Roman Catholic priest
26639 Murgaš, main belt asteroid named after Jozef Murgaš
 Murgaš (Ub), village in Serbia
 Murgaș, another spelling for Murgași Commune, Dolj County, Romania
 The plural of Murga, a form of musical theater performed in Uruguay and in Argentina during the Carnival season


Timothy W. Jones (born May 25, 1971) is a Republican former member of the Missouri House of Representatives, representing the 110th district, which encompasses a portion of St. Louis County. Jones served as the House Majority Leader for the 96th General Assembly and as Speaker of the House from 2012-2015.  Jones is a member of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), serving as Missouri state leader.

Jones currently hosts The Tim Jones Show on KFTK-FM.

Personal life
Tim Jones was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, the son of JoAnn and Dr. William C. Jones, a U.S. Army veterinarian. The family moved to the Greater St. Louis area in 1972, where Tim spent his childhood.  After graduating from St. Louis University High School in 1989, Jones attended Fordham University where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1993 with a double major in English and Russian Studies. Jones then attended St. John's University School of Law, where he received his Juris Doctor in 1996.

When not involved with his legislative duties, Jones is employed as an attorney with the Saint Louis, Missouri based law firm of DosterUllom, LLC, where he focuses on business services and litigation, as well as civil and criminal litigation.

Jones resides in Eureka, Missouri with his wife, Suzanne, and their two daughters. They attend the Most Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Eureka, where Jones is a past president of the church's Parish Council. His first cousin Caleb Jones also serves in the House and his uncle Kenny Jones is a former State Representative and former Moniteau County Sheriff.

Additionally, Jones is a member of many local civic organizations in the West St. Louis County region including the West St. Louis County Lions Club, the Eureka Historical Society, the Eureka Library Project, the Family Enrichment Resource Program, and the Eureka and Chesterfield Chambers of Commerce; he is involved in the Rockwood School District Partners in Education and in the Missouri Bar Continuing Legal Education program, where he is a frequent lecturer and published author.

Political career
In 2006, Tim Jones announced his candidacy to replace the outgoing Jack Jackson in the Missouri House of Representatives. Jones garnered 53% of the vote in a 3-way Republican primary race that August, and ran unopposed in the November general election. In 2008, Jones received the endorsement of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch as he defeated Democrat George (Boots) Weber with over 72% of the vote. Tim Jones ran unopposed again in November 2010 to win his third term in the Missouri House.

During the 2010 General Election, Jones and Speaker of the House Steve Tilley worked together with other Missouri Republicans to achieve a majority of 106 Republican House Members, the largest-ever Republican majority in the Missouri House of Representatives.  The previous record was 103 during the 1929 and 1930 legislative sessions.  In all, Republicans gained 17 seats in the election, defeating 10 Democratic incumbents and winning 7 seats previously held by retiring Democrats.

In November 2010, fellow Republicans unanimously elected Jones as House Majority Floor Leader. In September 2011, Jones was unanimously elected by the Missouri House Republican Caucus as "Speaker-Designate". During the 2012 veto session, Jones was sworn in as Speaker of the Missouri House of Representatives, and retained the office of speaker for the 2013 and 2014 legislative sessions.

Jones was considered a probable candidate for Missouri statewide office in either 2014 (when he is term limited in the House) or in 2016. He considered running for numerous offices in 2016, including Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, State Treasurer, Secretary of State and the State Senate, but ultimately decided to "sit out" the 2016 elections. He will instead be "keeping all options open for 2018 and beyond" and in the interim became a senior policy fellow at Lindenwood University's John W. Hammond Institute for Free Enterprise.

Legislative assignments
In addition to his post as Speaker of the Missouri House, Rep. Jones served on the following committees:

 Ex officio member, all committees of the House
 Joint Committee on Legislative Research

References

External links
Personal Website
Official Missouri House of Representatives profile

Timothy Jones at OurCampaigns.com

1971 births
Fordham University alumni
Living people
Politicians from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Politicians from St. Louis County, Missouri
Speakers of the Missouri House of Representatives
Republican Party members of the Missouri House of Representatives
St. John's University (New York City) alumni
American talk radio hosts
21st-century American politicians


"Instead" is the opening track of Madeleine Peyroux's album Bare Bones. It was a retro-feeling and charted on the Japanese 100 Singles.
According to Peyroux, the song is a reminder of how we should enjoy life and the things we have. Reportedly, she wrote it in a "dark point" of her life.
To promote the song, it was released as a video of a live performance.

References

2009 singles
Songs written by Madeleine Peyroux
2008 songs
Rounder Records singles


Jo Nymo Matland (born 21 April 1987) is a Norwegian football defender.

Career

Early career
He signed a youth contract with Tromsø in 2004, He was a first-team squad member for the 2005 La Manga Cup. However, in the 2005 season he was loaned out to Tromsdalen.

Tippeligaen debut
In 2006, he was back in Tromsø, and started the season opener. He got two games in the Norwegian Premier League, Tippeligaen, that season. In 2007, he was loaned out to Tromsdalen again. The move was made permanent ahead of the 2008 season.

Sarpsborg 08
On 18 November 2010, he signed for Eliteserien side Sarpsborg 08.

Career statistics

References

1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Tromsø
Norwegian men's footballers
Norway men's youth international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Tromsø IL players
Tromsdalen UIL players
Sarpsborg 08 FF players
Aalesunds FK players
Brattvåg IL players
Hamarkameratene players
Lyn Fotball players
Eliteserien players
Norwegian First Division players
Norwegian Second Division players
Challenger Pro League players
Norwegian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Royal Antwerp F.C. players


Capt. Kanwaljit Singh (1 September 1942 – 29 March 2009) was a Punjab Cooperation Minister and Shiromani Akali Dal's, General Secretary. He was a very respected and honest man. He was injured in a road accident near Kharar on 29 March 2009 and died at PGIMER Chandigarh on the same day.

Biography

Kanwaljit Singh was born to Dara Singh in Nabha.

A former army captain (short service commission), Singh represented the Banur assembly segment in the Punjab assembly, and was elected a Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) three times. He was one of the senior-most Akali leaders in the Parkash Singh Badal-led government, his first stint being as State Home Minister in the then Surjit Singh Barnala Ministry in the 1980s.

At the time of his death, he was in charge of the Cooperation, Defence Service Welfare, Removal of Grievances, Pensions & Welfare of Pensioners Wing of the Finance Department.

Positions held
 Cabinet minister (Cooperation, Defence Service Welfare, Removal of Grievances, Pensions & Welfare of Pensioners Wing of the Finance Department)
 Minister for Finance and Planning
 Minister of State for Home Affairs
 Vice-Chairman, Punjab State Planning Board
 Chairman, Empowered Committee to facilitate the growth of social and economic infrastructure
 Member, Empowered Committee of State Finance Ministers
 Vice-Chairman, Punjab Infrastructure Development Board

Personal life
His son Jasjit Singh Bunny resigned from  primary membership of Shiromani Akali Dal on 3 April 2009 and announced his decision to contest as an Independent from the Patiala Lok Sabha constituency.

Bunny also resigned as chairman of the Punjab Cooperative Bank, a post which he got by virtue of his father being the cooperation minister, despite losing the 2007 Assembly election from Kharar.

It was speculated that Sukhbir Singh Badal's statement that, "there was no need to make any further adjustment for Bunny" was responsible for Bunny's sudden outburst.

References

External links
 Question Asked By Kanwaljit Singh, Captain. Punjab Assembly website.

1942 births
2009 deaths
Road incident deaths in India
Indian Sikhs
Shiromani Akali Dal politicians
State cabinet ministers of Punjab, India
Accidental deaths in India
Punjab, India MLAs 2007–2012
Punjab, India MLAs 2002–2007
Punjab, India MLAs 1997–2002


Francini is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Enrique Mario Francini (1916–1978), Argentine tango violinist
Giovanni Francini (born 1963), retired Italian footballer
Loris Francini (born 1962), San Marinese politician
Sebastián Francini (born 1989), Argentine actor
Tommaso Francini (1571–1651), Florentine hydraulics engineer and garden designer

See also
42929 Francini, main belt asteroid with an orbital period of 3.7 years


A number of ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Liffey, after the Irish river.  Another was planned but renamed before entering service:

 HMS Liffey was to have been a 36-gun fifth rate. She was renamed  in 1812 and launched in 1813.
  was a 50-gun fourth rate launched in 1813 and broken up in 1827.
  was a 24-gun  screw frigate of 3915 tons, launched in 1856. She became a store hulk in 1877, and was sold in 1903.
  was a Foyle-type destroyer, launched in 1904, re-designated as a  destroyer in 1913 and sold for breaking up in 1919.
 , an .

Royal Navy ship names


The 2009–10 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas in the 2009–10 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, which was the Jayhawks' 112th basketball season. Their head coach was Bill Self, who was serving his 7th year. The team played its home games in Allen Fieldhouse in Lawrence, Kansas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. The Jayhawks finished the season 33–3, 15–1 in Big 12 play to capture the Big 12 regular season championship. They also won the 2010 Big 12 men's basketball tournament to earn the conference's automatic bid to the 2010 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. They earned the #1 overall seed in the entire tournament and were the 1 seed in the Midwest Region. They defeated 16 seed Lehigh in the first round and were upset by 9 seed Northern Iowa in the second round.

Pre-Season
On April 13, 2009 key players Sherron Collins and Cole Aldrich announced that they would forgo the NBA draft and return for the 2009–10 season. The Jayhawks will return all players who saw significant minutes on last years Sweet 16 team. In early polls for the season, The Jayhawks were almost the consensus #1 ranked team for the 09–10 season, the only other team that was #1 in any other pre-season polls, was Michigan State, which defeated KU in the Sweet 16 of the 2009 NCAA tournament.

Departures
In the offseason the Jayhawks lost Senior walk-ons Matt Kleinmann and Brennan Bechard from the 2008–09 roster. On April 9, Quintrell Thomas and Tyrone Appleton announced their intention to transfer to other schools due to lack of available playing time. Appleton averaged 0.8 points on 2.2 minutes per game in 2008–09 and Thomas averaged 1.5 points on 5.4 minutes.

Thomas announced that he will be joining the UNLV squad, however will not be eligible to play until the 2010–11 season.  Appleton transferred to Southwest Baptist University in Missouri.

Recruiting
In October 2008, the Jayhawks received commitments from a pair of five-star recruits, Elijah Johnson from North Las Vegas and Thomas Robinson of Washington, D.C. On Thursday April 23, 2009 McDonald's All-American Xavier Henry of Oklahoma City announced his intention to play at Kansas, prompting ESPN to name the Jayhawks as "the team to beat in 2010." The Jayhawks will add center Jeff Withey, who transferred from the University of Arizona, and C.J. Henry who will transfer from the University of Memphis to join his brother Xavier. C.J. will walk on as his tuition is paid by the New York Yankees who took him in the 2005 MLB Draft. Withey will not be eligible to play until the end of the fall semester.

Class of 2009

|-
| colspan="7" style="padding-left:10px;" | Overall Recruiting Rankings:     Scout – 4     Rivals – 6       ESPN – 5
|}

Transfers

|-
|}

Accolades
Team:
Big 12 Preseason #1 (unanimous)
Blue Ribbon Yearbook preseason #1 team
Sporting News preseason #1.
Associated Press Preseason #1
ESPN/USAToday Preseason #1

Sherron Collins:
Big 12 Preseason Co-Player of the Year
John R. Wooden All-American and player of the year candidate
Blue Ribbon Yearbook preseason all-American team candidate
Associated Press preseason All-American

Cole Aldrich:
Big 12 Preseason Co-Player of the Year
John R. Wooden All-American and player of the year candidate
Blue Ribbon Yearbook preseason player of the year candidate.
Associated Press preseason All-American

Season summary

Highlights
Bill Self gained his 400th career victory with a 73–59 win over Iowa State on Feb. 13, 2010.
Bill Self gained his 100th win over a Big 12 opponent as coach of the Jayhawks with a 59–54 win over Texas A&M on Feb. 15, 2010. Self achieved the milestone in less than 7 seasons and in 121 games played.
Cole Aldrich broke Greg Ostertag's single season block record of 97. Aldrich had 98 as of Feb. 15, 2010.
Sherron Collins set the record for winningest Jayhawk in a four-year span with his 124th win, an 81–68 victory over Oklahoma on Feb. 22, 2010.  Breaking the previous record of 123 set by Raef LaFrentz, Billy Thomas and C.B. McGrath.
Kansas won their sixth consecutive Big 12 Championship, a feat that hadn't been accomplished in a BCS conference since John Wooden's UCLA teams of the 1960-70's.
Kansas claimed their 2,000th program victory on March 11, 2010 when they defeated Texas Tech in the Big 12 tournament.  They now rank 2nd in overall Division I wins, behind only Kentucky.
Bill Self scored his 200th win as Kansas head coach on March 12, 2010 when they defeated Texas A&M in the Big 12 tournament, the fastest to reach that mark in KU history.
The Jayhawks won the Big 12 tournament championship on March 13, by defeating Kansas State 72–64 and improving their record to 32–2.  The following day, they became the #1 overall seed in the NCAA Tournament.

Awards
Cole Aldrich
Consensus Second Team All-American
NABC Second Team All-American
USBWA Second Team All-American
AP Third Team All-American
ESPN and CoSIDA Academic All-American of the Year
Academic All-Big 12 First Team
Big 12 Defensive Player of the Year
All-Big 12 First Team
All-Big 12 Defensive Team
AP Big 12 First Team
USBWA All-District VI Team
Yahoo! Sports Third Team All-American
Foxsports.com Third Team All-American

Sherron Collins
Consensus First Team All-American
NABC First Team All-American
USBWA First Team All-American
AP Second Team All-American
Sporting News Second Team All-American
All-Big 12 First Team
AP Big 12 First Team
USBWA All-District VI Team
Yahoo! Sports Second Team All-American
Foxsports.com Second Team All-American
Frances Pomeroy Naismith Award
Lute Olson Award
NABC Senior Achievement Award

Xavier Henry
All-Big 12 Rookie Team
All-Big 12 Honorable Mention
Sporting News All-Freshman Team
USBWA All-District VI Team
Foxsports.com All-Freshman Team

Marcus Morris
All-Big 12 Second Team
AP Big 12 Honorable Mention
Yahoo! Sports Most Improved Player of the Year

Tyrel Reed
Academic All-Big 12 First Team

Roster

Schedule

|-
!colspan=12| Exhibition

|-
!colspan=12| Regular season

|-
!colspan=12| Big 12 tournament

|-
!colspan=12| NCAA tournament

Rankings

See also
2010 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament
2010 Big 12 men's basketball tournament
2009-10 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
2009-10 NCAA Division I men's basketball rankings

References

Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball seasons
Kansas
Kansas
2009 in sports in Kansas
Jay


Yanase may refer to:

 Yanase (surname), a Japanese surname
 Yanase (car dealership), a Japanese dealership retailer of imported United States and European vehicles to Japan
 Yanase Station, a railway station in Asago, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan
 46643 Yanase, a main-belt asteroid


Milkha is a given name. Notable people with the name include:

A. G. Milkha Singh (born 1941), Indian Test cricketer
Jeev Milkha Singh (born 1971), Indian golfer
Milkha Singh (1929 – 2021), Indian athlete also known as "The Flying Sikh"

Indian given names


The Norton P11 is a  air-cooled OHV parallel twin motorcycle that was made by Norton-Villiers from 1967 to 1969. Designed as an extremely light high power-to-weight ratio desert racer, P11 was revised in 1968 to the P11A and marketed as the Norton Ranger, a road legal version of the P11 with a more comfortable seat to make it suitable for normal road use. The Norton P11 gained a reputation as a 'desert racer' in the late 1960s but by 1969 lighter two stroke desert racers began to dominate the sport and the Norton had begun Commando production and it was selling well. Norton ended production of the P11 series to concentrate on the Commando, which used a number of ideas developed on the P11 series.

Development
Norton-Villiers developed the P11 from the Norton Atlas and Norton/Matchless N15CS and G15CS models as an export model for the growing sport of desert racing. Prototyped by Californian Norton Distributor Bob Blair using the Atlas 750 cc twin cylinder engine in a Matchless G85 CS (Competition Springframe) Reynolds 531 lightweight steel frame. Blair might have been responding to requests from the importer, Joseph Berliner of Berliner Motor Corporation. The aim was to achieve the best possible power-to-weight ratio, so all the cycle parts were made as light as possible, with a small alloy fuel tank. The magneto and Amal Monobloc carburettors on the prototype were replaced with twin coil capacitor ignition and twin  Concentric carburettors, as well as a speedometer and tachometer and an alloy sump guard. The fuel tank and alloy oil tank were painted in Candy Apple Red with the frame in black. The new motorcycle was known as Project 11, and although testers of the prototype suggested that it should be called the Cheetah 45, it was eventually shortened to P11 and  built at the former Associated Motor Cycles factory in Woolwich, London, largely from spare parts.  The first P11 (No. 121007) was completed in March 1967 and the first batch were exported to the US and launched under the advertising slogan "Dynamite on wheels". They sold well with demand outstripping supply.

Norton Ranger

In 1968 the P11 was revised to the P11A and marketed as the Norton Ranger, a road legal version of the P11 with a more comfortable seat to make it suitable for normal road use as well as off road racing. The P11A/Ranger also had a low level exhaust fitted with long tapered silencers with detachable end caps and baffles. The availability of spare parts at the Norton-Villiers factory led to several changes of specification, and the P11, P11A and Ranger were produced with four different types of oil tanks (two alloy, two steel), 3.6 gallon and 2.2 gallon petrol tanks, different types of handlebars, forks and frames, two ignition systems and two different cylinder heads (with the last models produced using Norton Commando castings). The last model made was the Norton Ranger 750 which was the same as the P.11A/Ranger with stronger side stand mounting brackets, a front brake light and a Ranger 750 transfer on the oil tank and battery cover.

By 1969, lighter two-stroke desert racers began to dominate the sport and the Norton Commando had started production and was selling well. It was decided to end production of the P11 series to concentrate on the Commando - which used a number of ideas developed on the P11 series.

References

P11
Motorcycles powered by straight-twin engines


History

Origin
Three brothers, Shayachimwe, Nyakudya and Gutsa who were of the Shava Dynasty and Museyamwa totem, migrated northwards from Buhera (Va Hera) in the south of Zimbabwe in the late eighteenth century. Legend has it that Gutsa was a volatile warrior who killed some relatives for abuse of power and women, and the three brothers ran away together between 1760 and 1780. The three brothers were invited by elder brother, Chief Seke Mutema to settle in the Harava area. Later, Gutsa was introduced by Seke to Chief Mbare of the Shumba Gurundoro totem, who resided on the modern day city of Harare, as a useful iron-monger. Chief Mbare settled the three brothers on the Barapata hill. For a while, Shayachimwe, Gutsa and Nyakudya lived under Chief Mbare, but a plot was hatched by Chief Seke, and the Va Hera brothers killed Chief Mbare and took his lands, which stretched to the south of modern-day Harare.
In due course, the three brothers moved north and defeated Chief Zumbo at Mazoe. The Zumbo people nicknamed Shayachimwe Hwata because he had long legs and walked like a hwata, the secretarybird.

These northern Va Hera did not form a single dynasty, but instead formed a confederacy of two units which reported to Seke. The Hwata Dynasty was founded by Shayachimwe Mukombami about 1760 and the Chiweshe dynasty was founded by Nyakudya's son Nyamhangambiri. The Hwata dynasty became more dominant and stretched from present day Harare, past the Mazoe Dam (then commonly known as pagomba) to modern day Glendale and to the heads of the Mazoe, Tateguru and Murowodzi valleys. Gutsa, the youngest brother, did not form a dynasty of his own. Shayachimwe and Nyamhangambiri abandoned their praise name of Museyamwa. Hwata Shayachimwe assumed the new praise name of Mufakose which means (I have lost both ways) while Chiweshe Nyangambiri assumed the praise name of Mutenhesanwa. Hwata Shayachimwe established his capital at Barapata Hill on the modern Mufakose suburb in Salisbury now called Harare, capital city of Zimbabwe.

First Chimurenga (1896–1897)
The first half of the nineteenth century saw a considerable rise in the prosperity of the Va Hera who settled in the area around present day Harare between 1760 and 1780. The Hwata dynasty took control of the Shawasha gold fields and a succession of Hwata rulers, the sons of Shayachimwe, dominated trade with Portuguese from the East. This prosperity attracted attention, and the Va Hera were raided and defeated by the Ndebele from 1861 to 1864. Hwata Gwindi travelled to King Lobengula in 1864, to discuss end of hostilities so that they can face common enemy, the British South Africa Company which was occupying parts of the country and taking over their mines and lands.

On 12 September 1890, white settlers of British extraction led by a hunter Selous, hoisted the British flag in the territory of Hwata, in present-day Harare in Mashonaland Zimbabwe. They claimed the land as a British discovery in the name of the Queen of Great Britain. They called the country Southern Rhodesia.

Hwata Chiripanyanga who became Chief Hwata in 1892, played a leadership role in the First Chimurenga war of Southern Rhodesia in June 1896. He worked with Nehanda Nyakasina to organise resistance by the Hwata people against British settlers who had invaded their lands at PaGomba in Mazoe valley. Hwata lost the lives of 100 fighters in guerrilla type battles with British settlers. He surrendered together with Mbuya Nehanda for their participation in the war. Mbuya Nehanda is referred to as Nyanda in most early history records. Other families that have branches from Hwata Dynasty include Mhembere, Katambarare, Mabvurambudzi; Meda; Warambwa; Garwe, Kanengoni, Chivero, Mandaza, Gomera, Goredema, Muringai, Chiverere, Ndewere, Chakuchichi, Mandizha, Mutambirwa, Matsvetu, Ngoshi, Kaseke.

Battle of Mazoe (June 1896)
In June 1896 Chief Mashayamombe led a rebellion against white occupation in the Mhondoro-Hartely (now Chegutu) area. Hwata Chiripanyanga and Nehanda Nyakasikana Ambuya Nehanda also referred to as the witch Nyanda in British records of that period, heard this news and organised uprising against the British settlers from their lands at Mazoe. (A film in which Stella Chiweshe played the role of Ambuya Nehanda, died 1896, has been made.)

Hwata Chiripanyanga, the grandson of Shayachimwe Mukombami and son of Guvamombe, became Mambo (King) of the Hwata people in 1892. Succession of Hwata Mambos and their subjects had bought guns over the years from Portuguese traders in exchange for gold from the Mazoe and Chishawasha mines. The guns were used for hunting and protecting themselves against Ndebele invasions. When the news of the Mashayamombe rebellion reached Mazoe, Mambo Hwata summoned all his subjects and asked them to bring their guns (zvigidi). Mambo Hwata then asked the family spirit medium, Charwe Nyakasikana Known as Mbuya Nehanda to consult the ancestors. Mbuya Nehanda gave the assurance to the Hwata people that they were fighting a good cause and that the spirits of the forefathers (masvikiro), would protect them in the same way that they had led them from Buhera through many conquests.

War strategy
A British South Africa Company policeman called Mhasvi son of Gotora from one of the Hwata houses leaders named Hiya, deserted the British to join the rebellion at Mazoe. He was made commander of the army and trained the Hwata men on how to shoot with guns.  Mambo Hwata gave orders to cut telephone lines and gave his men letters to take to all British families in the area, with the instruction that the men should attack and kill all British men who came out to receive the fake letters. This news reached the British families in the area and they sought refuge at Mazoe Mine. An initial army of 20 villagers attacked a British convoy of 6 British men (Faull, Cass, Dickensen, Pascoe, Fairbairn and Stoddart) who had left Mazoe mine driving a donkey cart towards Salisbury. They had left their wives at Mazoe Mine. The villagers shot and killed Cass, followed by one Dickenson. Shortly after, the Hwata soldiers attempted to ambush the remaining four British men by pretending to be friendly Mashona. The four became suspicious of their knobkerries, and started to open fire. The donkey kart was hastily turned around, with one Pascoe and Faull scrambled in front, and a Fairbairn and Stobbart following behind. After travelling a hundred yards, the Hwata shot at Faull, and his body slumped to the ground. Fairbairn returned fire and killed a Hwata youth. There was exchange of fire between the Hwata villagers and the remaining two British men, who fled to the mine after Fairbairn's gun jammed. Meanwhile, Blakiston, Darling, Spreckley and Hendrik who had remained at the mine decided to accompany the three women on a wagonette to Salisbury. They were attacked by fifty armed villagers, and they immediately returned unharmed to the mine. Later, Blakiston persuaded Routledge to accompany him to the grass thatched hut to send a rescue telegraph to Salisbury. They managed to send a message that read: "We are surrounded. Dickensen, Cass, Faull killed ... for God's sake ..."  and "We are surrounded, send us help, this is our only chance. Goodbye". Blakiston, standing in the doorway of the pole and dagga hut scanning the grass and bush, shouted as he saw the villagers swarming their line of retreat. Off they set, with Routledge on the saddle and Blakiston running at his side. Bullets whistled round their heads as the natives swarmed towards their line of retreat, but they managed to cover half the journey in safety until they were in full view of their colleagues at the mine. Suddenly the horse was seen to fall and Routledge was thrown to the ground; he rose and made for cover, but was shot. Blakiston gained cover of the bush hotly pursued by the villagers; shots were heard, and Blakiston was never seen again. Six British men had been killed at Mazoe in a day. What needs to be corrected is that the Settlers tried to downplay the strength and power of the Hwata Dynasty by coming up with a false narrative that Mhasvi was a rebel policemen from Salisbury from the Harava clan and not from the Hwata clan, this is NOT true. Mhasvi was a son of the Hwata Dynasty.

Judson rescue party
On 18 June 1896, concerned about the safety of the party at Mazoe Mine, the Administrator for Harare, Judge Vincent organised Dan Judson and four men (Honey, Godfrey King, Hendriks, Guyen and Stamford Brown) to travel from Harare to Mazoe to rescue the besieged inhabitants. Judson's party left Harare just after sunset and followed the old Mazoe road via Marlborough. They were joined by another five men at Mount Hampden, going past the Salvation Army farm where the late Cass lived. A mile later, they came under fierce gun attack from dense bush. Niebuhr's was shot in the hand and his horse died. Rawson's horse was also shot dead and the two got rides from Judson and Hendrik. They rode through the bush horses were shot and Niebuhr was injured seriously. Three villagers were killed. The Judson party survived the hail of gunshots and arrived safely at Mazoe mine. However, the mine remained under heavy attack. Rawson acknowledges in his report that Mhasvi managed to keep up a steady fire with great accuracy. There were no further casualties at the mine on this day. However, later than evening, Charles Annesty, a prospector who was returning to the mine from Chipadze kraal riding a donkey, was shot dead by the locals. The assault on the mine resumed at damn on 19 June 1896 with barrages of gunfire which continued until midday.

Nesbitt Mazoe patrol
Meanwhile, in Salisbury, Judge Vincent dispatched another patrol of 13 men to assist Dan Judson at Mazoe mine. They left at 10.30 pm under the command of Captain Nesbbitt. Their departure was noticed by Africans who sent their traditional fire messages at hilltops that warned others of approaching danger. Captain Nesbitt's party endured gun attack from the Hwata people and suffered injury of only one man and his horse. They arrived at the mine safely at dawn on 20 June 1896. The party of 30 men and 3 women departed from Mazoe for Salisburyat midday on 20 June 1896 with a wagon of 6 horses and 12 men on foot. The Hwata people commenced attack from both sides of the road after just half a mile but with no injury. The gun attack intensified when the party reached Chomukoreka near Vesuvius Mine. Every tree or rock appeared to hide a Hwata man and they were invisible because of the tall grass. At this spot, Troopers McGeer and Jacobs were shot dead, together with the horses belonging to Captain Nesbitt and Trooper Edmonds. Pascoe decided to sit on the roof of the wagon to look out for the enemy, and survived, except for a bullet that went through his hat. Bullets continued to hail on the sides of the wagon which was protected by metal sheets. There were about 50 Hwata men in pursuit with a wide variety of guns which included Lee-Metfords, Martini Henry's, and muzzle loaders into which they crammed nails and stones. The grass swarmed with black people, and Trooper Van Staden died after his head was blown off and Ogilvie and Burton were wounded. Another bullet ripped through the face of Burton and fell into the wagon to be tendered by the women. Hendrikz who had split from the main party, received a bullet which passed through both cheeks, taking with it a piece of his tongue and jawbone. When the men reached the Tatagura river, they failed to quench their raging thirst as the firing never let up. When the party reached open land, just before Gwebi river the Hwata people pulled back after they received information that reinforcements with a Maxim gun (nganunu) were to be sent from Salisbury. This plan had however not been followed through and Nesbitt's party was able to proceed to Salisbury. The Hwata people celebrated their success in driving white British people from their lands. Captain Randolph Crosby Nesbitt received the Victorian Cross from the Queen of Great Britain.

British revenge
The triumph of the Hwata people was short lived. The BSAC reorganised and returned to Mazoe with many soldiers to re-establish control. They established a base at Fort Mazoe from where they hunted down the leaders of the rebellion. They found many homes deserted. Some villagers had fled north to Chiweshe lands, while others went and hid in the Shavarunzwe caves. Those in Shavarunzwe caves were smoked out with dynamite which destroyed part of the Hwata shrine. British soldiers went from village to village where they shot and killed any males that fled, burnt several huts of the villagers and stole cattle and grain. The purge went on for three months and to save their people, Mambo Hwata, Nehanda Nyakasikana and Mhasvi came out from hiding and surrendered to the police. No evidence could be found for their participation in the rebellion which killed many British people. However, they were tried for the murder of the Mazoe Native Commissioner, Pollard and sentenced to death. Mhasvi was surprisingly pardoned for exemplary behaviour after his arrest.

When she was sentenced to death by the Southern Rhodesia colony of Great Britain, Mbuya Nehanda left her ritual authority with Mandaza. Mandaza was the grandson of Hwata Shayachimwe's fourth son, Kamuteku. Mandaza's descendants are Goredema, Muringai, Chiverere and Ndewere families.

As a consequence of this defeat both Hwata Chiweshe lost all their lands, stretching from Harare to Mazoe and Mvurwi. Their subjects were placed under the rule of other chiefs such as Negomo and Matope. Although a large part of Mazoe District is named Chiweshe, these are, in fact, lands of the MaKorekore Negomo and Matope Dynasties, descendants of Nyatsimba Mutota founder of the Munhumutapa Empire. A small section of the Hwata family founded a dynasty at Dande in Guruve under a new Mambo Hwata Chitsinde in the Zambezi valley in 1959, but the majority of descendants of Hwata remain scattered in the Chiweshe communal lands. Some have moved away to find new homes elsewhere in Zvimba, Mhondoro Hurungwe, Chinamhora, Mrewa, Goromonzi and Guruve. A number of Mufakose families related to Nehanda, Goredema and Zumba have been making claims to be returned to the land of their ancestors since 1980. These lands have not yet been returned to the Hwata people, and instead, other people who are in the echelons of government have been given vast tracts of land seized from white farmers since year 2000.

Second Chimurenga (1973–1980)
The Hwata people endured the brunt of the Second Chimurenga, the war of liberation that finally defeated the white rulers of Southern Rhodesia. Many Hwata youths took up arms to participate in the war of liberation between 1973 and 1979 which brought independence from British rule on 18 April 1980.

However, due to lack of public records of their role (this one just being discovered thanks to Internet), Mambo Hwata and Mhasvi have not yet been recognised for their contribution to First Chimurenga by the Zimbabwe Government. Mashayamombe, another leader of First Chimurenga has not been recognised either. Their spirit mediums however, Nehanda Nyakasikana and Kaguvi respectively, have received much recognition, with a road in Harare and a maternity wing at Parirenyatwa Hospital being named after Mbuya Nehanda, while a prominent government building has been named after Kaguvi. Other less deserving contributors to the struggle against white domination like Rekayi Tangwena are buried at the country's heroes acre.

Hwata religion

Nehanda Charwe also known as Mbuya Nehanda and referred to as  in other literature was a Mhondoro (svikiro) of the Hwata Zezuru people. She was the spirit medium to the higher God called Mwari. The traditional Hwata did not believe in Christianity although they acknowledge the existence of God. When Mbuya Nehanda was executed, she refused to be baptised before being killed. Her last words was a request to pass on her ritual equipment to Mandaza Goredema, a descendant of the fourth Mambo Hwata Kamuteku, and son of Goredema Mazarura, who was the Chief when died in 1890. Goredema Mazarura is the ancestor of the Goredema, Mandaza, Mazarura, Ziwange, Muringai, Kupara, Chiverere and Ndewere families. The svikiro (spirit mediumi) of Mbuya Nehanda can only be appeased by the Goredema Hwata people. Mbuya Nehanda (Charwe) is a Shava Mufakose spirit medium and is different from Nehanda Nyakasikana who was Nyamhika, daughter of Nyatsimba Mutota (Korekore tribe) of the Nzou Samanyanga totem and founder of the Munhumutapa Empire in 1430. Writers confuse these two spirit mediums.

Hwata chieftainships

History

Shayachimwe Mukombami was the founding father of the Hwata Mufakose people. When Hwata Shayachimwe died, his elder daughter, Tete Minge, succeeded as Queen, in trust for her young minor brother, Prince Kamuteku, son of the Vahosi (First Wife). Tete Minge was overwhelmed by the responsibilities of leadership, and she passed on the tsvimbo (crown) to her half brother, Kaviya, son of the second wife. When King Kaviya died, Prince Kamuteku then became King.

Hwata Shayachimwe had ten sons. These took turns to be Mambo (King) according to their ages. Prince Mpfeki Mukodzonge was Shayachimwe's first son. However, he did not succeed to the throne because he predeceased his father. His children did not inherit the right to the throne. In Hwata Shona tradition, when the father dies, the tsvimbo (crown) passes down to his next eldest brother from the main house (Yavahosi). The crown does not pass down the descendants of the reigning Prince as practiced in the English kingdom. Prince Pfeki Mukodzonge's children did not become Mambo. Their male line uncles (babamudiki) took turns in succession to be Mambo.

Mambos
Listed below are the Mambos recorded by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Mazoe District based at Concession, Mashonaland Central, Zimbabwe, and in the genealogy recorded by J. D. White (1986).

Hwata 1st Shayachimwe Mukombami (1775–1820)
Shayachimwe's first son, Mpfeki Mukodzonge did not ascend to the throne, and he predeceased his father.
Hwata 2nd Tete Minge (1820–1837), Hwata's elder daughter was Queen on behalf of her minor Brother, Kamuteku. Tete Minge gave up power to her half-brother Kaviya Zaranyika when she could not cope.
Hwata 3rd Kaviya Zaranyika (1837–1847), 3rd son of Shayachimwe, had sons Shutu and Mubaira
Hwata 4th Kamuteku (1847–1855), 1st son of Shayachimwe with first wife (Vahosi), had sons Goredema Mazarura and Mutimumwe
Hwata 5th Katambarare Meda (1855–1860), 5th son of Shayachimwe, had son Mavhurambudzi
Hwata 6th Nherera Gwindi (1860–1886), 6th son of Shayachimwe, had son Mazarura Gwindi
Hwata 7th Bungu (1886–1888), 7th son of Shayachimwe Mukombami, had sons Kaseke and Musemwa.
Hwata 8th Mazarura Goredema Gwindi (ii) (1888–1890), son of Nherera Gwindi and grandson of Shayachimwe.
Hwata 9th Chiripanyanga (1890–1898), grandson of Shayachimwe and son of Gubangombe (9th son of Shayachimwe). Chiripanyanga was executed together with Mbuya Nehanda by British settlers in 1898.
Hwata 10th Mavurambudzi (1898–1922), grandson of Shayachimwe and son of Katambarare Meda.
Hwata 11th Mukodzonge Chakuchichi (1936–1951), great-grandson of Mpfeki Mukodzonge, first son of Shayachimwe Mukombami.
Acting Chief Hwata Nyakudya, 1 December 1951 to 31 May 1959
Hwata 12th Gayi Henry Chitsinde (1 June 1959 to 11 November 1959 and died), grandson of Chopamba, the 10th son of Shayachimwe.
Acting Chiefs for two-year periods between 1959 and 1969.
Chief Hwata Zwidzai Thomas, 12 December 1969 to 11 December 1971
Hwata 13th Maxwell Dzapasi Musemwa (1972 to date), a descendant of Bungu, 7th son of Shayachimwe.

See also
Hwata (Senatorial constituency)

References

R. C. Howland, "Mazoe Patrol", Rhodesiana Publication No.8 1963, accessed on 16 September 2011.
Dennis Bishop, "The Ndebele and Mashona Rebellions of 1896 – Part 2", GeoCities, 2009.
Bond, G. Remember Mazoe.
The war campaigns of the British South Africa Police: Mashona Rebellion 1896–1897 – The First Shona Chimurenga, Regimental Association.

History of Zimbabwe


Lois Privor-Dumm is an expert in the field of vaccine introduction.  She is especially recognized for her work with new vaccine introduction, which has included strategies to accelerate access in low and middle-income countries, policy research, advocacy, communications and large country introduction.

She has worked with countries in all income groups and has leveraged her experiences in high and middle income countries to contribute to the significant recent improvements in access in low and low-middle income countries. She currently serves as the Director of Alliances & Information at the International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC) at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Her  team conducts advocacy and communications for child health, coordination of the World Pneumonia Day Coalition and working with large countries such as India and Nigeria to provide technical assistance in the form of advocacy and communications, evidence synthesis, stakeholder mapping and research to help countries develop strategies to address the barriers to decision making and implementation for new vaccines.

Her team has worked closely with a variety of stakeholders in India and Nigeria and is focused on building both high-level political and grassroots support. She is currently leading projects in India and Nigeria made possible through grants from the GAVI Alliance and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

She is a member of the GAVI Large Country Task Team and the PDP Access Steering Committee and has worked on a number of access related projects dealing with economics and financing, supply, distribution and demand forecasting in addition to her work with advocacy, communications and policy.

Background and education
Ms. Privor-Dumm holds an International MBA (IMBA), formerly Masters in International Business (MIBS), from the University of South Carolina and completed her studies and internship in Brussels, Belgium. She completed her undergraduate studies at the University at Albany in Business Administration (Finance) and Spanish.

Early career
Ms. Privor-Dumm spent years in the vaccine industry working for Wyeth, where she helped lead efforts to launch Prevnar (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) in the US, achieving unprecedented uptake of a new pediatric vaccine.  Following the successful US experience, she worked as Commercial Director for the Latin American countries to introduce pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines.  Later she worked as Senior Director for Commercial Operations in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa providing guidance to countries to build awareness about Wyeth's vaccines and pharmaceuticals in the scientific community, supporting efforts with policy makers regarding the introduction of new vaccines and providing marketing and operational expertise to support ongoing business.  She also worked at GlaxoSmithkline as director for global commercial strategy for various projects.

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
In 2005, she joined The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health to lead Communications & Strategy for the Hib Initiative, a GAVI-funded project with an aim to accelerate and sustain decisions regarding Hib vaccines to help prevent meningitis and pneumonia in children. Now serving as Director of Alliances and Information for IVAC, she has been cited as an expert for different global vaccine campaigns and been involved in research and promotion of vaccine awareness. She has been interviewed by Developments Magazine and African Press International about the availability of pneumonia related vaccines in African countries.

Ms. Privor-Dumm has also worked on different communication tools regarding the availability of vaccines in developing countries in order to raise awareness about the value of pneumococcal and Hib vaccinations to prevent pneumonia and reach Millennium Development Goals 4 by 2015.

Research

AVI-TAC
The mission of the Accelerated Vaccine Introduction Initiative (AVI) is to save lives, prevent disease and promote health through timely and equitable access to new and underused
vaccines. Together, AVI partners serve to:
 Empower countries to make evidence-based decisions on new and underused vaccines.
 Support successful country introduction and sustained use of new and underused vaccines.
 Contribute analyses and assess impact of GAVI Alliance (GAVI) policies that influence accelerated introduction of new and underused vaccines.
 Ensure sufficient supply of new and underused vaccines of assured quality and meeting  programmatic needs of developing countries.

The Accelerated Vaccine Initiative Technical Advisory Consortium (AVI TAC) supports the achievement of AVI objectives through its leadership in creating the evidence base, advocating for evidence-driven decision-making, and building platform capacity that can be used to accelerate the introduction of future vaccines.

Publications

 Hib Vaccine Could Reduce Major Childhood Diseases
 Getting life-saving vaccines to those who need it most: the nuanced solution for access
 The Economic Case for Expanding Vaccination Coverage of Children
 What Happiness Looks Like: A Chance for Change on World Pneumonia Day

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Johns Hopkins University faculty
Vaccination
University at Albany, SUNY alumni
University of South Carolina alumni


Crash is the second album by Christian hard rock band Decyfer Down and the first album to feature current lead vocalist TJ Harris.

Background
On July 7, 2008, Decyfer Down uploaded their first single and title track to their MySpace player. On September 30, 2008, a three track EP titled, "Crash - Digital EP" was released onto iTunes, Amazon, and other digital retailers. The EP contained the songs, "Crash", "Best I Can", and "Now I'm Alive". It was also announced that the band's lead vocalist, Caleb Oliver, had left due to personal reasons.

In late October 2008, TJ Harris joined the band as the new lead vocalist. The second single "Fading" was released to radio on January 28, 2009. On February 17, 2009, Decyfer Down released an updated EP titled, "Crash - EP". The EP contained the songs, "Crash", "Fading", and "Moving On". The album leaked in full a month before its release date on April 1, 2009. Although not included on the album as a whole, "Now I'm Alive" is downloadable on iTunes as a bonus track on the record.

The song "Crash" was featured in promotional videos to hype the Matt Hardy vs. Jeff Hardy match taking place on WWE's WrestleMania XXV pay-per-view, which aired on various WWE programming in the preceding weeks as well as at the event itself. "Forever With You" was featured on a promo for One Life to Live.

The third single, after "Crash" and "Fading", was announced to be "Desperate", which recently peaked at #1 on the Christian Rock chart, making it their seventh consecutive number-one single.  The album has been nominated at the 52nd Grammy Awards for Best Rock Gospel Album.

Track listing

Personnel

Main artists
TJ Harris – Lead Vocals, Backing Vocals, Bass Guitar, Acoustic Guitars
Chris Clonts –  Lead Guitars, Rhythm Guitars, Backing Vocals
Brandon Mills – Rhythm Guitars, Lead Guitars, Backing Vocals, Synth
Josh Oliver – Drums, Percussion

Additional musicians
 Caleb Oliver – Founding Member- Lead vocalist/ bassist End of Grey Lead singer and background vocals as well as bassist. Recorded Bass Guitar on 8 songs of the Crash album, in addition to co-writing. Also recorded Lead Vocals and Backing Vocals on Crash - Digital EP, and Backing Vocals on the song "Fading".

Awards

In 2010, the album was nominated for a Dove Award for Rock Album of the Year at the 41st GMA Dove Awards.

References

2009 albums
Decyfer Down albums


Let's Pizza is a company, which manufactures pizza making vending machines. The pizzas are prepared from scratch and it is the first vending machine to produce freshly made ready-to-eat pizza. Let's Pizza machines combine technology with traditional pizza making. Customers can choose their preferred toppings, and the machine will prepare the dough, add sauce and toppings, and bake the pizza in a matter of minutes.

Information
The machine combines water, flour, tomato sauce, and fresh ingredients to make a pizza in approximately three minutes. It includes windows so customers can watch the pizza as it is made. The pizza is cooked in an infrared oven. The machine is made to create 100 pizzas before it needs to be refilled with its ingredients.

History
The development of the pizza vending machine began in the mid-1990s. Let's Pizza's machine cooks pizzas from scratch and a working prototype was made in 2003. The machines were made in Northern Italy. Later that year, test marketing began in Germany. Rollout started in 2009: the machines spread over Europe, and especially through Italy. Let's Pizza entered the South Korean market in 2015.

See also
 French fry vending machine
 Pancake machine
 Automat

Further reading

References

External links

Pizza
Vending machines
Food technology
Manufacturing companies established in 2009


Simonetta is an Italian surname and female given. Notable people with the name include:

Given name
Simonetta Moro, Italian fine artist
Simonetta Puccini (1929–2017)
Simonetta Greggio, Italian novelist who writes in French
Simonetta Paloscia, Italian engineer
Simonetta Stefanelli (born 1954), Italian actress, born in Rome, Italy
Simonetta Vespucci (1453–1476), the wife of the Italian nobleman Marco Vespucci of Florence
Simonetta Di Pippo, Italian astrophysicist
Simonetta Lein, American model
Simonetta Sommaruga, Swiss politician

Surname
Cicco Simonetta (1410–1480), Italian secretary, statesman and cryptographer
Ada Sacchi Simonetta (1874–1944), Italian librarian
Umberto Simonetta (1926–1998), Italian playwright, writer and lyricist
Francesco Simonetta, Roman Catholic prelate

See also
29706 Simonetta, a main-belt asteroid

Italian feminine given names
Feminine given names
Italian-language surnames