Saraburi United Football Club (Thai สโมสรฟุตบอล สระบุรี ยูไนเต็ด), is a Thai professional football club based in Muak Lek, Saraburi, Thailand. The club is currently playing in the Thai League 3 Western region.

Timeline

History of events of Saraburi Football Club

In 2022, Saraburi United competed in the Thai League 3 for the 2022–23 season. It is their 4th season in the professional league. The club started the season with a 1–4 home defeat to Kanchanaburi City and they ended the season with a 0–2 away defeat to Kanchanaburi City. The club has finished 8th place in the league of the Western region.

Honours

Domestic leagues
Thai League 2
 Runner-up (1) : 2014
 Thai League 3 Western Region
 Winners (1): 2021–22
Regional League Central-East Division
 Winners (1) : 2010

Stadium and locations

Season by season record

P = Played
W = Games won
D = Games drawn
L = Games lost
F = Goals for
A = Goals against
Pts = Points
Pos = Final position
N/A = No answer

TPL = Thai Premier League

QR1 = First Qualifying Round
QR2 = Second Qualifying Round
QR3 = Third Qualifying Round
QR4 = Fourth Qualifying Round
RInt = Intermediate Round
R1 = Round 1
R2 = Round 2
R3 = Round 3

R4 = Round 4
R5 = Round 5
R6 = Round 6
GR = Group stage
QF = Quarter-finals
SF = Semi-finals
RU = Runners-up
S = Shared
W = Winners

Players

Current squad

Staff and management

References

External links
 The official Facebook page of Saraburi United

Association football clubs established in 2000
Football clubs in Thailand
Saraburi province
2000 establishments in Thailand


Grakcu Sai Mai United Football Club (Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลเกร็กคู สายไหม ยูไนเต็ด) is a Thailand semi professional football club based in Sai Mai, Bangkok. The club is currently playing in the Thailand Amateur League Bangkok metropolitan region.

History

The club was formed in 2009 as Rose Asia Pathum Thani and entered the newly formed Regional League Central-East Division of which they came last only winning one game in their debut season, 1:0 at home to Rayong. During their debut season they also entered the 2009 Thai FA Cup and were knocked out in the qualifying round

In 2010, the club was moved by the Thai Football Association (FAT) into the Regional League Bangkok Area Division of which they again came 13th and therefore bottom once again. At the beginning of this new campaign, the club also changed their name to Rose Asia United Thanyaburi  forming closer links with the district of Thanyaburi which resides in Pathum Thani. During the 2010 campaign they also entered the 2010 Thai League Cup but lost in the qualifying round to league rivals Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University. Rose Asia decided not to enter the 2010 Thai FA Cup.

At the beginning of the 2011 campaign, the club once again changed name to Thanyaburi United after being bought by a Korean national, dropping all ties with Rose Asia in the process.

In 2012, the club were taken over by Air Force United F.C. to be used as their feeder team. Their name was changed to Grakcu Looktabfah.

In 2018, The club change the name to Grakcu Sai Mai United F.C. due to change the ground to Grakcu United stadium that located on Sai Mai District in Bangkok.

Stadium and locations

Seasons

References

 http://www.siamsport.co.th/football/thaileague4/view/41178
 http://www.siamsport.co.th/football/thaileague4/view/41414

External links
 Official Website of Grakcu Sai Mai United FC

Association football clubs established in 2009
Football clubs in Thailand
Pathum Thani province
2009 establishments in Thailand


Samut Prakan United Football Club (Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลสมุทรปราการยูไนเต็ด) is a Thailand semi professional football club based in Samut Prakan province. They currently play in 2018 Thailand Amateur League Bangkok Metropolitan Region.

History

Formed in 2009 as Thai Summit Samut Prakan, the club entered the Regional League Central-East Division and finished in 4th position, the season highlight's being the 5:0 home win over Prachuap Khiri Khan and 5:2 away win over Rose Asia Pathum Thani. Thai Summit also entered the 2009 Thai FA Cup overcoming Bangkok League opposition Bangkok North Central ASSN and Raj-Vithi before being beaten by TPL side Police United in the second round.

In 2010, the club moved into the Regional League Bangkok Area Division, coming up against teams they had beaten in the previous season's FA Cup matches. Hopes were raised on the back of these that they could mount a serious title challenge. This wasn't to be the case and the club came 7th out of 13 teams.

For the 2011 league campaign, the club was renamed Samut Prakan United. It was another season of hopes and the club progressed well on the field to come 3rd, just missing out on the playoffs.

In 2012, the club moved to their new stadium but the change of venue couldn't bring them success as they finished well off the promotion pace in mid-table.

Stadium and locations

Season By Season record

External links
 Samut Prakan United F.C. Official Website
 Samut Prakan United F.C. Official Facebookpage

Association football clubs established in 2009
Football clubs in Thailand
Sport in Samut Prakan province
2009 establishments in Thailand


SIVECO Romania is the leading business software development company located in Bucharest, Romania, and one of the most successful software integrators in Central and Eastern Europe. In 2013 it reached a revenue of EUR 89 mil.
The company develops and exports software products and high value added consultancy projects to countries within the European Community, The Middle East, North Africa and the CIS area, such as UAE, Kuweit, North Macedonia, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Morocco, Lebanon, Cyprus, Turkey, Kazakhstan and Bulgaria. SIVECO Romania is also deploying over 20 projects for European Commission organisations.

Addressing large companies and public agencies, SIVECO Romania provides eLearning, eHealth, eAgriculture, eCustoms, eBusiness solutions, both nationally and internationally. SIVECO Romania is specialized in developing large and complex IT projects.

In 2005 Intel Capital and Polish Enterprise Fund V (PEF V), administered by Enterprise Investors, the largest investment fund in Central and Eastern Europe, acquired a 32.5% share in SIVECO Romania for $12 mil. The company's main shareholders are: Siveco Netherlands B.V. with a 42.2% share, PEF V with 22.5%, Intel Capital with 10%, and SIVECO Romania Management Team with 25,3%. SIVECO Romania is not yet a publicly traded corporation, but it intends to become one.

References

Privately held companies of Romania
Information technology companies of Romania
Companies based in Bucharest
Software companies of Romania


The Coos County Logging Museum is museum in located in Myrtle Point, Oregon, United States. The museum's focus is the historical forest products industry, particularly logging specific to the local area of Coos County which is situated among vast forest preserves. The museum, a non-profit educational institution, is staffed entirely by volunteers, many of whom hail from the logging camps themselves.

The museum building is a shingled dome modeled after the Mormon Tabernacle in Salt Lake City, Utah. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Coos County, Oregon

References

External links
 Coos County Logging Museum - City of Myrtle Point

Museums in Coos County, Oregon
Forestry museums in the United States
Industry museums in Oregon
National Register of Historic Places in Coos County, Oregon


National Highway 01 or NH01, formally called the Ring Road (; ), is a  two-lane road network circulating inside Afghanistan, connecting the following major cities (clockwise): Kabul, Maidan Shar, Ghazni, Kandahar, Delaram, Herat, Maymana, Sheberghan, Mazar-i-Sharif, Puli Khumri and back to Kabul. It has extensions that connect Jalalabad, Bamyan, Khost, Lashkargah, Zaranj (Route 606), Farah, Islam Qala, Torghundi, and Kunduz. It is part of AH1, the longest route of the Asian Highway Network. National Highway 01 consists of four major sections, NH0101 to NH0104, linking the major economic centers.

History
Part of National Highway 1 has been refurbished since late 2003, particularly the Kabul–Kandahar Highway, with funds provided by the United States, Saudi Arabia and others. Most work on that stretch was done by Turkish, Indian and local companies. Japanese companies were also involved near the southern Afghan province of Kandahar. In the west, Iran participated in the two-lane road construction between Islam Qala and the western Afghan city of Herat. Pakistan rebuilt the Jalalabad–Kabul Road.

Kabul to Kandahar
The Kabul–Kandahar Highway (NH0101) is a  section of National Highway 01 linking two of Afghanistan's largest cities, Kabul and Kandahar. This highway is a key portion of the Ring Road. Approximately 35 percent of Afghanistan's population lives within  of the Kabul to Kandahar portion of the Ring Road.

The Kabul–Kandahar highway underwent major repairs carried out by the United States and Japanese governments with assistance in planning and design by Turkish and Indian engineers. Phase one of paving was completed in December 2003 and the highway was opened to traffic.  However, the road has badly deteriorated since that time, from heavy trucks and also from terrorist sabotage. Furthermore, armed guards must protect highway repair crews from ambushes. Banditry and extortion at Taliban checkpoints continue to be problems.

Kandahar to Herat

National Highway 01 between Kandahar and Herat consists of two sections, NH0101, running from Kandahar to Delaram, and NH0102, running from Delaram to Herat.

Kabul to Jalalabad

National Highway 8 (NH08) runs from Jalalabad to Kabul, following the Tang-e Gharu gorge, parallel to the Kabul River, for . The two-lane Kabul Gorge highway runs along  cliffs. Fatal traffic accidents occur in this area, mainly due to reckless driving.

See also
 Transport in Afghanistan

Notes

AH1
Roads in Afghanistan


The 1990 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1990. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) recognizes five selectors as "official" for the 1990 season. They are: (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA); (2) the Associated Press (AP) selected based on the votes of sports writers at AP newspapers; (3) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA); (4) the United Press International (UPI) selected based on the votes of sports writers at UPI newspapers; and (5) the Walter Camp Football Foundation (WC).  Other notable selectors included Football News, the Gannett News Service, Newspaper Enterprise Association in conjunction with World Almanac, Scripps Howard (SH), and The Sporting News (TSN).

Consensus All-Americans
The following charts identify the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans for the year 1990 and display which first-team designations they received.

Offense

Defense

Special teams

Offense

Quarterback
 Ty Detmer, Brigham Young (CFHOF) (AP-1, FWAA [tie], UPI-1, WCFF, FN, GNS, NEA-1, SH, TSN)
 Shawn Moore, Virginia (AFCA, AP-2, FWAA [tie], UPI-2, NEA-2)
 David Klingler, Houston (AP-3)

Running backs
 Eric Bieniemy, Colorado (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, UPI-1, WCFF, FN, GNS, NEA-1, SH, TSN)
 Darren Lewis, Texas A&M (AFCA, AP-1, UPI-1, WCFF, FN, GNS, NEA-2)
 Greg Lewis, Washington (AP-2, NEA-1, UPI-2, WCFF, SH, TSN)
 Mike Mayweather, Army (AP-3, FWAA, UPI-2, NEA-2)
 Gerald Hudson, Oklahoma State (AP-2)
 Sheldon Canley, San Jose State (AP-3)

Wide receivers
 Raghib Ismail, Notre Dame (AFCA, AP-1 [kick returner], FWAA [kick returner], UPI-1, WCFF, FN, GNS, NEA-1, SH, TSN, FN)
 Herman Moore, Virginia (AP-1, UPI-1, NEA-1, FWAA, SH, TSN, FN)
 Lawrence Dawsey, Florida State (AP-1, FWAA, UPI-2, GNS)
 Ed McCaffrey, Stanford (AFCA, NEA-2)
 Manny Hazard, Houston (AP-3, UPI-2, SH)
 Wesley Carroll, Miami (AP-2)
 Patrick Rowe, San Diego State (AP-2)
 Jeff Graham, Ohio State (NEA-2)
 Bobby Slaughter, Louisiana Tech (AP-3)

Tight end
 Chris Smith, Brigham Young (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, UPI-1, WCFF, FN, NEA-2, SH, TSN)
 Kerry Cash, Texas (NEA-1)
 Kirk Kirkpatrick, Florida (AP-2, UPI-2)
 Kelly Blackwell, Texas Christian (AP-3, GNS)

Tackles
 Antone Davis, Tennessee (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, UPI-1, WCFF, FN, GNS, NEA-1, SH, TSN)
 Stacy Long, Clemson (AP-1, UPI-1, FWAA, TSN, FN)
 Greg Skrepenak, Michigan (UPI-2, WCFF, NEA-2)
 Bob Whitfield, Stanford (SH)
 Mike Sullivan, Miami (Fla.) (UPI-2, NEA-1)
 Pat Harlow, USC (AP-2, GNS)
 Stan Thomas, Texas (AP-2)
 Charles McCrae, Tennessee (AP-3, GNS)
 Mark Vander Poel, Colorado (NEA-2)
 Jeff Pahukoa, Washington (AP-3)

Guards
 Joe Garten, Colorado (AFCA, AP-1, UPI-1, NEA-1, WCFF, FWAA, SH, TSN, FN)
 Ed King, Auburn (AFCA, AP-1, UPI-1, NEA-1, WCFF, FWAA, SH, FN)
 Dean Dingman, Michigan (AFCA, AP-2, UPI-2, NEA-2, TSN)
 Eugene Williams, Iowa State (GNS)
 Eric Moten, Michigan State (AP-2, UPI-2)
 Mark Tucker, USC (AP-3, NEA-2)
 Ricky Byrd, Mississippi State (AP-3)

Center
 John Flannery, Syracuse (AFCA, AP-1, UPI-1, WCFF, GNS, NEA-1, SH, TSN)
 Mike Arthur, Texas A&M (AP-2, FWAA)
 Mike Heldt, Notre Dame (AP-3, UPI-2, FN, NEA-2)

Defense

Defensive ends
 Kenny Walker, Nebraska (AP-1, FWAA, UPI-2, FN, NEA-2, TSN)
 Huey Richardson, Florida (AP-1, UPI-2, FN [linebacker])
 Mitch Donahue, Wyoming (AP-2, FWAA, UPI-2, GNS, NEA-2, TSN)
 Steve Emtman, Washington (AP-2)
 Shane Dronett, Texas (AP-3)
 Kelvin Pritchett, Ole Miss (AP-3)

Defensive tackles
 Chris Zorich, Notre Dame (CFHOF) (AFCA, AP-1, UPI-1, NEA-1, WCFF, FWAA, SH, TSN, FN)
 Russell Maryland, Miami (CFHOF) (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, UPI-1, WCFF, FN, GNS, NEA-1, SH, TSN)
 David Rocker, Auburn (AFCA, AP-2, UPI-1, NEA-1, WCFF)
 George Thornton, Alabama (AP-3)
 Frank Giannetti, Penn State (AP-3)

Nose guards
 Moe Gardner, Illinois (AFCA, AP-2, UPI-1, WCFF, GNS, NEA-2, SH)

Linebackers
 Michael Stonebreaker, Notre Dame (AFCA, AP-1, UPI,  NEA-1, WCFF, FWAA, TSN)
 Alfred Williams, Colorado (CFHOF) (AFCA [line], AP-1, FWAA, UPI, WCFF, FWAA, FN, GNS, NEA-1, SH, TSN)
 Maurice Crum, Miami,(Fla) (AP-1, UPI, NEA-1, WCFF, FWAA, TSN, FN)
 Scott Ross, USC (AFCA, UPI-2, SH)
 Mike Croel, Nebraska (AP-2, UPI-2, GNS, NEA-1, SH)
 Marco Coleman, Georgia Tech (NEA-2, SH)
 Darrick Brownlow, Illinois (AP-2, UPI-2, FN, NEA-2)
 Levon Kirkland, Clemson (AP-2, UPI-2, GNS)
 Roman Phifer, UCLA (GNS)
 Kirk Carruthers, Florida State (NEA-2)
 Melvin Foster, Iowa (NEA-2)
 Robert Jones, East Carolina (AP-3)
 Marvin Jones, Florida State (AP-3)
 Mark Sander, Louisville (AP-3)

Defensive backs
 Ken Swilling, Georgia Tech (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, UPI-1, WCFF, FN, GNS [safety], NEA-1, SH, TSN)
 Tripp Welborne, Michigan (AFCA, AP-1 UPI-1, NEA-1, WCFF, FWAA, SH, TSN, FN)
 Darryll Lewis, Arizona (AFCA, AP-1, FWAA, UPI-1, WCFF, FN, NEA-2, TSN)
 Todd Lyght, Notre Dame (AFCA, AP-2, UPI-1, WCFF, GNS [cornerback], NEA-1, SH)
 Jesse Campbell, North Carolina State (AP-3, UPI-2, TSN, FN)
 Stanley Richard, Texas (AP-1)
 Merton Hanks, Iowa (AP-3, NEA-1)
 Will White, Florida (AP-3, FWAA, UPI-2, NEA-2)
 Eric Turner, UCLA (AP-2, UPI-2, GNS [safety], NEA-2, SH)
 Steve Jackson, Purdue (GNS [cornerback])
 Nathan LaDuke, Arizona State (AP-2, NEA-2)
 Terrell Buckley, Florida State (AP-2)
 Richard Fain, Florida (UPI-2)
 Kerry Valrie, Southern Mississippi (AP-3)

Special teams

Placekicker
 Philip Doyle, Alabama (AFCA, AP-1, UPI-1, NEA-1, WCFF, FWAA, SH, TSN, FN)
 Chris Gardocki, Clemson (AP-2, UPI-2)
 Roman Anderson, Houston (NEA-2)
 Michael Pollak, Texas (AP-3)

Punter
 Brian Greenfield, Pittsburgh (AP-2, FWAA, UPI-1, WCFF, NEA-2, SH, TSN)
 Cris Shale, Bowling Green (AFCA, AP-1, UPI-2, FN)
 Jason Hanson, Washington State (AP-3, GNS [kicker], NEA-1)

All-purpose / kick returners
 Dale Carter, Tennessee (AP-2, TSN)
 Desmond Howard, Michigan (AP-3)

Key

 Bold – Consensus All-American
 CFHOF - Inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame
 -1 – First-team selection
 -2 – Second-team selection
 -3 – Third-team selection

Official selectors
 AFCA – selected by 3,000 active members of the American Football Coaches Association, also known as the "Kodak All-America Team"
 AP – Associated Press
 FWAA – Football Writers Association of America
 UPI – United Press International
 WCFF – Walter Camp Football Foundation

Other selectors
 FN – Football News
 GNS - Gannett News Service
 NEA – Newspaper Enterprise Association in conjunction with World Almanac
 SH - Scripps Howard
 TSN – The Sporting News

See also
 1990 All-Big Eight Conference football team
 1990 All-Big Ten Conference football team
 1990 All-Pacific-10 Conference football team
 1990 All-SEC football team

References

All-America Team
College Football All-America Teams


Ketoprak () is a theatrical genre of Java featuring actors who may also sing to the accompaniment of the gamelan. It draws its stories from Javanese history and romances and in this differs from wayang wong, which shares with wayang kulit a repertoire drawn from the Hindu epics Mahabharata and Ramayana, as well as from ludruk which uses contemporary settings and the three-walled srimulat, which specializes in vampire stories. According to Clifford Geertz it was invented as recently as 1923.

Ketoprak troupes might own or rent a performance building, such as Ketoprak Srimulat that used to be performed in a theatre both in Jakarta and Surabaya back in the 1980s, or troupes might travel through villages. The travelling ketoprak troupe is called Kethoprak Tobong, also known as Ketoprak Tonil. It might be considered as common people theatrical tradition in Java. The show were performed in certain period in an empty plain near a village and moved from one place to another, in fashion similar to western travelling circus. In this traveling troupe, the performers and staffs also brought show properties; such as costumes, stage decorations, chairs, gamelan, sound system, diesel electric generator, all were contained in a portable building that also used as set or stage called "tobong". During their journey, the troupe members also living in this tobong.

Recently ketoprak has been adopted into television show, the "Ketoprak Humor" show was aired in Indonesian national television. It is a comedy and action performance, often took place in modern settings or in historical ancient Javanese kingdoms. The ketoprak that took the story of ancient Java is quite similar with Wayang wong performance, however ketoprak performance is more free for improvisations, jokes and adoption of popular languages, while Wayang wong are traditionally highly stylized with precise and structurized dance drama discipline.

See also

Ludruk
Wayang wong

References

Javanese culture
Theatre in Indonesia
Traditional drama and theatre of Indonesia


In the New Zealand education system, decile was a key measure of socioeconomic status used to target funding and support schools. In academic contexts the full term "socioeconomic decile" or "socioeconomic decile band" was used.

A school's decile indicated the extent to which the school draws its students from low socioeconomic communities. Decile 1 schools were the 10% of schools with the highest proportion of students from low socio-economic communities.

This system was implemented in 1995 and later replaced by the Equity index in January 2023.

Details
A school's socioeconomic decile was recalculated by the Ministry of Education every five years, using data collected after each Census of Population and Dwellings. They were calculated between censuses for new schools and merged schools, and other schools may move up or down one decile with school openings, mergers and closures to ensure each decile contains 10 percent of all schools. Current deciles were calculated in 2014 following the 2013 census (delayed two years due to the 2011 Christchurch earthquake). The previous deciles came into force in 2008 following the 2006 census.

Before the deciles were calculated, Statistics New Zealand calculated the following factors in each individual meshblock (the smallest census unit, consisting of about 50 households each), disregarding any household in the meshblock that did not have school-aged children:

 Household income: the proportion of households whose total income, adjusted for householder composition, is in the bottom 20 percent nationally
 Occupation: the proportion of employed parents who work in low-skilled or unskilled occupations, specifically those that have skill-levels 4 and 5 on the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO)
 Household crowding: the proportion of households which are overcrowded, that is, in which there are more people living in the house than there are bedrooms, adjusting for couples and children under 10.
 Educational qualifications: the proportion of parents who have no formal qualifications
 Income support: the proportion of parents who receive the Domestic Purposes Benefit, Unemployment Benefit, Sickness Benefit or Invalid's Benefit

Each school provided a list of the addresses of its students to determine which meshblocks are used. For each of the five factors, the average for the school is found by adding together the factor in each of the applicable meshblocks, adjusting for the number of students at the school living in each meshblock. All schools in New Zealand were then listed in order for each factor, and given a percentile for that factor. The percentiles for each factor are then added together to give a score out of 500. When the score is ordered, the list of schools was divided into ten, giving one of the ten deciles.

This gave a broad measure of the relative poverty, or aggregated socioeconomic (or social class), of the parents or care-givers of students at the school, with decile 1 schools being the 10% of schools with the lowest socioeconomic communities and decile 10 schools being at the other end of the scale.

Note that some types of schools acquire a decile rating regardless of the socioeconomic status of the school community. For example, teen-parent units always "belong" in decile 1, because of the inherent effect teenage pregnancy and parenthood has on teen parents' socioeconomic status, regardless whether the teen-parent unit is in a high SES area or attached to a high-decile school.

Decile ratings applied only for the funding of compulsory education, but a number of different central-government funding-streams and support services to schools were strongly affected by the decile rating of a school, with more funding available to lower-decile schools. The funding and support measures included:

 Targeted Funding for Educational Achievement (TFEA) (Deciles 1–9)
 Special Education Grant (SEG) (Deciles 1–10)
 Careers Information Grant (CIG) (Deciles 1–10, Years 9–13 only)
 Kura Kaupapa Māori Transport (Deciles 1–10)
 Priority Teacher Supply Allowance (PTSA) (Deciles 1–2)
 National Relocation Grant (NRG) (Deciles 1–4)
 Decile Discretionary Funding for Principals (Deciles 1–4)
 Resource Teachers of Learning and Behaviour (RTLBs) Learning Support Funding (Deciles 1–10)
 RTLBs for years 11–13 (Deciles 1–10)
 School Property Financial Assistance scheme (Deciles 1–10)
 Study Support Centres (Deciles 1–3)
 Social Workers in Schools (Deciles 1–5)
 District Truancy Service (Deciles 1–10)

For the 2015 year, the decile-based funding rates are as follows:

Statistical data about primary and secondary schools and their students could be broken down into socioeconomic deciles. For example, data released by the Ministry of Education showed correlations between high decile schools and higher rates of attaining NCEA Level 2, higher rates of tertiary education entrance, and lower rates of truancy. (Note that socioeconomic decile alone did not necessarily cause these statistics).

Examples
The following table lists the decile ratings of thirty state secondary schools in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin before the system was replaced by the Equity index

Criticism
The decile system was criticised by teacher and principal associations for fomenting destructive competition between schools and the exacerbation of white flight. Data from the Ministry of Education indicated that 60,000 Pākehā/NZ European students attended low-decile schools in 2000, but that number had halved by 2010, while high-decile schools had a corresponding increase in Pākehā students. The Ministry claimed demographic changes were behind the shifts, but the Secondary Principals Association and PPTA have attributed white flight to racial and class stigmas of low-decile schools, which commonly had majority Māori and Pacific Islander rolls.

A visiting Fulbright Scholar, Professor Chris Lubienski, carried out research that found discrepancies in 36 of the 49 secondary school zones in Auckland. According to Prof Lubienski, principals of schools in the 36 zones anonymously confessed to deliberately skewing their zone boundaries, in order to encourage the enrolment of students from wealthier backgrounds, while preventing the enrolment of poorer students to these schools. In response, Mount Albert Grammar School headmaster Dale Burden countered that school zones "cannot be easily manipulated and changing them is a transparent process". The Ministry of Education issued the following statement:

The purpose of an enrolment zone is to ensure the selection of applicants for enrolment is fair and transparent and makes the best use of the school network.
As far as possible, an enrolment scheme must not exclude local students so that no more students are excluded from a school than is necessary to avoid over-crowding.
The ministry has recently updated guidelines on enrolments zones. They make clear that before drawing up an enrolment zone boards are required to consult parents and the wider community as well as other schools.
Householder income should not be considered when zones are drawn up.
The law requires a board to ensure all students can attend a reasonably convenient school while ensuring other schools do not experience enrolment problems.
If a school board is unable to agree a boundary arrangement the ministry can step in to resolve the matter. If necessary, the ministry has powers to require a board to amend a proposed enrolment zone.

Replacement

In July 2017 Education Minister Nikki Kaye of the Fifth National Government announced plans to replace the system "...as early as 2019..." by a system of targeted funding based on how many "at risk" children a particular school has enrolled. Her government lost power later in 2017.

In September 2019 the Sixth Labour Government announced the decile system would be replaced by a new ""Equity Index" which would come into effect as early as 2021.

In mid-May 2022, the 2022 New Zealand budget allocated $8 million for the capital cost and $293 million for operating costs for the new Equity index, and from January 2023, the decile system was phased out in favour of the Equity index.

See also
 Child poverty in New Zealand
 Social class in New Zealand
 Equity Index (New Zealand)

References

External links
 Information about deciles from Kiwi Families

New Zealand culture
Education in New Zealand
Socio-economic statistics
Affirmative action


Games men play is a 2006 Nigerian drama film directed by Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen.

Plot
The film looks at the indiscretions among several wealthy Lagosian couples. The main protagonist Tara (Kate Henshaw-Nuttal) decides to do a research on relationships for a TV show, centering her research on couples which include a television talk show host Abby (Monalisa Chinda); her boyfriend Richmond (Mike Ezuruonye) and his greedy woman on the side (Ini Edo); a housewife with a painful past (Chioma Chukwuka) and her husband (Bob-Manuel Udokwu), haunted by dark secrets; and another housewife (Uche Jombo) struggling with a wealthy, cheating husband (Jim Iyke) and his demanding mistress (Dakore Egbuson).

Cast
Kate Henshaw-Nuttal
Ini Edo
Chioma Chukwuka
Chinedu Ikedieze
Kalu Ikeagwu
Jim Iyke
Dakore Egbuson
Uche Jumbo
Bob Manuel Udokwu
Benita Nzeribe
Michael Ezuruonye
Monalisa Chinda

Vivian Uche Eze

See also
 List of Nigerian films of 2006

References

External links

Nigerian drama films
2006 films
2006 drama films
English-language Nigerian films
Films set in the 2000s
English-language drama films
2000s English-language films


John Walker Chidsey (born June 11, 1962) is an American businessman and attorney who has served as CEO of Subway since November 2019. He was formerly the executive chairman and CEO of Burger King Corporation. He is a director and member of the audit committee for HealthSouth Corporation. He previously was chairman and CEO for two corporate divisions of Cendant Corporation from January 1996 to March 2003.

Early life
Chidsey earned a bachelor's degree from Davidson College in Davidson, North Carolina, an MBA in finance and accounting from Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, and a juris doctor from Emory University School of Law. He is a certified public accountant and a member of the State Bar of Georgia.

Career
Chidsey was the CFO of Pepsi-Cola Eastern Europe and the CFO of PepsiCo World Trading Co. Inc.

References

External links
John W. Chidsey III at Martindale-Hubbell
Biography of John W. Chidsey from Bloomberg.com

American chief executives of food industry companies
Living people
1962 births
Burger King people
Emory University alumni
Emory University School of Law alumni
Davidson College alumni
Georgia (U.S. state) lawyers
People from Coral Gables, Florida
Businesspeople from Florida


Richard Shelton may refer to:
 Richard Shelton (actor), English actor and singer
 Richard Shelton (writer) (1933–2022), American writer, poet and professor of English
 Richard Shelton (American football) (born 1966), American football player
 Richard Shelton (solicitor general) (died 1647), English lawyer and politician


The Turkish football champions are the annual winners of the highest association football competition in Turkey. Brought to the country by Englishmen, the sport had first taken root in Istanbul, where the Istanbul Football League was founded and became the first football league in Turkey. Other regional and local leagues followed in other major cities, such as Ankara (1922), Adana (1924), Eskişehir (1924), and İzmir (1924).

The first competition to bring forth a national champion was the Turkish Football Championship (), which began in 1924 and continued until 1951. The championship format was based on a knockout competition, contested between the winners of each of the country's top regional leagues. At the end of the 1924 edition, Harbiye were the first club to be crowned champions, without conceding a goal. They are also the only club who have ever changed their name after winning a championship title, changing their name to Harp Okulu after the first of their three titles. Started in 1937, the National Division (Turkish: Millî Küme) was the first national league competition and was held until 1950.

A few years later, in 1959, the professional nationwide league was introduced, currently known as the Süper Lig. The league is contested on a double round-robin basis and the championship is awarded to the team that is top of the league at the end of the season. The league originally contained 16 teams. Today the Süper Lig is contested by 18 teams. Of the founding clubs in the league, only Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, and Galatasaray have not been relegated to date. Galatasaray are the most successful Süper Lig club with 23 titles. Fenerbahçe are the most successful club including championships before the introduction of the Süper Lig (1959), having won 28 titles in total so far. However, the Turkish Football Federation denies and does not recognize the titles won in the former Turkish Football Championship and National Division, even though they were official championships organized by the TFF itself.

Currently there is an ongoing case concerning the recognition of the titles before 1957 by the TFF, after several clubs have formally appealed to the federation for officially recognizing the titles in question.

History

Early history and former championships

Football in Turkey stems back to the late 19th century, when Englishmen brought the game with them while living in Salonica (then part of the Turkish Empire). The first league competition was the Istanbul Football League, a regional league for Istanbul clubs which took place for the first time in the 1904–05 season. Shortly after the foundation of the Turkish Republic and the Turkish Football Federation (TFF), several other regional leagues were officially established (or gained official status as some were already founded earlier) in various major cities: Ankara (1922), Adana (1924), Bursa (1924), Eskişehir (1924), İzmir (1924), and Trabzon (1922).

The first competition to bring forth a national champion was the Turkish Football Championship (), which began in 1924 and continued until 1951. The championship format was based on a knockout competition, contested between the winners of the country's top regional leagues. In some of the early years, the championship could not be held due to insufficient funds.

Started in 1937, the National Division (Turkish: Millî Küme) was a national league competition between the strongest clubs of Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir, which hosted the strongest regional leagues in those decades. The league lasted until 1950. From 1940 to 1950, both top-level championships existed at the same time, which resulted in there being two national champions within a year. Since the National Division was based on a league format, with home and away matches on a regular basis and a higher number of matches overall, it was more popular and competitive than the Turkish Championship and overshadowed it.

Introduction of professionalism and Süper Lig
In 1951 the TFF introduced professionalism in Turkish football. Shortly after, the top-level Istanbul League and the clubs playing their adopted professionalism, while the Ankara and İzmir clubs followed some years later in 1955. After that point the Turkish Football Championship was no longer open to professional clubs, hence the professional departments of the Istanbul clubs could no longer participate in the championship. As a result, the former Turkish Football Championship lost its first level status. Since there was no top-level national champion in the period from 1952 to 1955, the Turkish federation sent Galatasaray, winners of the 1955–56 Istanbul League, to the European Cup in the 1956–57 season.

Protests of some Ankara and İzmir clubs regarding this decision, as well as UEFA deciding to only accept national champions to the European Cup from that season on induced the TFF to establish the Federation Cup in 1956. The competition took place as a knock-out tournament to decide a national champion. The Federation Cup was held for two years until it was replaced by the Süper Lig (then known as Millî Lig) in 1959. Beşiktaş won both editions and earned the right to represent Turkey twice in the European Cup during the two-year span. However, since the Turkish Football Federation failed to register them for the draw in time, they were not able to participate in the 1957–58 season after all.

After some years of preparation and planning, the professional nationwide league called Millî Lig (National League) was finally introduced in 1959. Eligible for the newly established nationwide league were the top clubs of the regional Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir leagues. The inaugural season took place in the calendar year of 1959, instead of 1958–59, since the regional leagues leading to qualification took place in 1958. The clubs competing in the first season were Adalet, Beşiktaş, Galatasaray, Beykoz, Karagümrük, Fenerbahçe, İstanbulspor, Vefa (all from Istanbul), Ankaragücü, Ankara Demirspor, Gençlerbirliği, Hacettepe (all from Ankara), Altay, Göztepe, İzmirspor, and Karşıyaka (all from İzmir). The first champions were Fenerbahçe and the first "Gol Kralı" (top scorer) was Metin Oktay.

The 2. Lig (Second League) was created at the start of the 1963–64 season and the National League (Millî Lig) became known as the 1. Lig (First League). After the creation of a new second division in 2001, from then on known as 1. Lig, the formerly titled 1. Lig became the current Süper Lig.

Champions

Turkish Football Championship (1924–1951)
The numbers in parentheses indicate the number of titles won in total since 1924.

(not recognised by TFF)

National Division (1937–1950)
(not recognised by TFF)

Federation Cup (1956–1958)
(not recognised by TFF until 2002)

Süper Lig (1959–present)

Performances
Over the history of the Turkish football championships 15 different clubs have won the title. The most successful club are Fenerbahçe with 28 titles to their credit, most of those coming in Süper Lig competition. They are also the most successful pre-Süper Lig club with 9 titles overall in that era, 6 of them won in the National Division and 3 in the former Turkish Football Championship.

All-time performance (1924–present)
In the table below all national championship titles since 1924 are included, including the former Turkish Football Championship and National Division, which are denied and not recognized by the Turkish Football Federation, even though they were official championships organized by the TFF itself.

Performance since 1959
Only six clubs have been champions since the beginning of the Süper Lig in 1959: Galatasaray 23 times, Fenerbahçe 19 times, Beşiktaş 16 times (with an additional two titles counted for star purposes, see note below), Trabzonspor 7 times, and Bursaspor and Başakşehir once.

1 Beşiktaş formally requested that championships won in the 1956–57 and 1957–58 editions of the Turkish Federation Cup be counted as Turkish championship titles to the Turkish Football Federation. The Cup was established in 1956 to find a national champion to represent Turkey, after UEFA decided that only national champions could participate in the European Cup. Beşiktaş had therefore earned the right to represent Turkey in the 1957–58 and 1958–59 seasons of the European Cup. However, since the Turkish Football Federation failed to register them for the draw in time, they were not able to participate in the 1957–58 season after all. The ruling on this matter was announced in a press release on March 25, 2002 which indicated that the championships won by Beşiktaş in the Federation Cup will be considered as national championship titles.

Star rating system
The honor of Golden Stars was introduced to recognize sides that have won multiple championships or other honours by the display of gold stars on their team badges and jerseys. In Turkey clubs are permitted to place a golden star above their crest for every five national championships won. For the 2018–19 season Galatasaray are permitted four golden stars, Fenerbahçe and Beşiktaş are permitted three golden stars, and Trabzonspor are permitted one golden star to be placed above their crest on their jerseys.

Performance by city (1924–present)

The 15 clubs that have won the championship are from a total of 6 cities:

See also
 Football records and statistics in Turkey
 List of Süper Lig top scorers

References

 Sources

External links
Turkey – List of Champions, RSSSF
Official Website of TFF

Turkey
Football competitions in Turkey
Süper Lig
Turkish Federation Cup
Turkish Football Championship
Turkish National Division Championship


Nanodiamonds, or diamond nanoparticles, are diamonds with a size below 100 nanometers. They can be produced by impact events such as an explosion or meteoritic impacts. Because of their inexpensive, large-scale synthesis, potential for surface functionalization, and high biocompatibility, nanodiamonds are widely investigated as a potential material in biological and electronic applications and quantum engineering.

History

In 1963, Soviet scientists at the All-Union Research Institute of Technical Physics noticed that nanodiamonds were created by nuclear explosions that used carbon-based trigger explosives.

Structure and composition
There are three main aspects in the structure of diamond nanoparticles to be considered: the overall shape, the core, and the surface. Through multiple diffraction experiments, it has been determined that the overall shape of diamond nanoparticles is either spherical or elliptical. At the core of diamond nanoparticles lies a diamond cage, which is composed mainly of carbons. While the core closely resemble the structure of a diamond, the surface of diamond nanoparticles actually resemble the structure of graphite. A recent study shows that the surface consists mainly of carbons, with high amounts of phenols, pyrones, and sulfonic acid, as well as carboxylic acid groups, hydroxyl groups, and epoxide groups, though in lesser amounts. Occasionally, defects such as nitrogen-vacancy centers can be found in the structure of diamond nanoparticles. 15N NMR research confirms presence of such defects. A recent study shows that the frequency of nitrogen-vacancy centers decreases with the size of diamond nanoparticles.

Production methods

Other than explosions, methods of synthesis include hydrothermal synthesis, ion bombardment, laser bombardment, microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition techniques, ultrasound synthesis, and electrochemical synthesis. In addition, the decomposition of graphitic C3N4 under high pressure and high temperature yields large quantities of high purity diamond nanoparticles. However, detonation synthesis of nanodiamonds has become the industry standard in the commercial production of nanodiamonds: the most commonly utilized explosives being mixtures of trinitrotoluene and hexogen or octogen. Detonation is often performed in a sealed, oxygen-free, stainless steel chamber and yields a mixture of nanodiamonds averaging 5 nm and other graphitic compounds. In detonation synthesis, nanodiamonds form under pressures greater than 15 GPa and temperatures greater than 3000K in the absence of oxygen to prevent the oxidation of diamond nanoparticles. The rapid cooling of the system increases nanodiamond yields as diamond remains the most stable phase under such conditions. Detonation synthesis utilizes gas-based and liquid-based coolants such as argon and water, water-based foams, and ice. Because detonation synthesis results in a mix of nanodiamond particles and other graphitic carbon forms, extensive cleaning methods must be employed to rid the mixture of impurities. In general, gaseous ozone treatment or solution-phase nitric acid oxidation is utilized to remove sp2 carbons and metal impurities. Nanodiamonds are also formed  by dissociation of ethanol vapour. and via ultrafast laser filamentation in ethanol.

Potential applications
The N-V center defect consists of a nitrogen atom in place of a carbon atom next to a vacancy (empty space instead of an atom) within the diamond’s lattice structure. Recent advances (up to 2019) in the field of nanodiamonds in quantum sensing applications using NVs have been summarized in the following review.

Applying a microwave pulse to such a defect switches the direction of its electron spin. Applying a series of such pulses (Walsh decoupling sequences) causes them to act as filters. Varying the number of pulses in a series switched the spin direction a different number of times. They efficiently extract spectral coefficients while suppressing decoherence, thus improving sensitivity. Signal-processing techniques were used to reconstruct the entire magnetic field.

The prototype used a 3 mm-diameter square diamond, but the technique can scale down to tens of nanometers.

Micro-abrasive

Nanodiamonds share the hardness and chemical stability of visible-scale diamonds, making them candidates for applications such as polishes and engine oil additives for improved lubrication.

Medical
Diamond nanoparticles have the potential to be used in myriad biological applications and due to their unique properties such as inertness and hardness, nanodiamonds may prove to be a better alternative to the traditional nanomaterials currently utilized to carry drugs, coat implantable materials, and synthesize biosensors and biomedical robots. The low cytotoxicity of diamond nanoparticles affirms their utilization as biologically compatible materials.

In vitro studies exploring the dispersion of diamond nanoparticles in cells have revealed that most diamond nanoparticles exhibit fluorescence and are uniformly distributed. Fluorescent nanodiamond particles can be mass produced through irradiating diamond nanocrystallites with helium ions. Fluorescent nanodiamond is photostable, chemically inert, and has extended fluorescent lifetime, making it a great candidate for many biological applications. Studies have shown that small photoluminescent diamond nanoparticles that remain free in the cytosol are excellent contenders for the transport of biomolecules.

In-vitro diagnostics
Nanodiamonds containing nitrogen-vacancy defects have been used as an ultrasensitive label for in vitro diagnostics, using a microwave field to modulate emission intensity and frequency-domain analysis to separate the signal from background autofluorescence. Combined with recombinase polymerase amplification, nanodiamonds enable single-copy detection of HIV-1 RNA on a low-cost lateral flow test format.

Drug delivery
Diamond nanoparticles of ~5 nm in size offer a large accessible surface and tailorable surface chemistry. They have unique optical, mechanical and thermal properties and are non-toxic. The potential of nanodiamond in drug delivery has been demonstrated, fundamental mechanisms, thermodynamics and kinetics of drug adsorption on nanodiamond are poorly understood. Important factors include purity, surface chemistry, dispersion quality, temperature and ionic composition.

Nanodiamonds (with attached molecules) are able to penetrate the blood–brain barrier that isolates the brain from most insults. In 2013 doxorubicin molecules (a popular cancer-killing drug) were bonded to nanodiamond surfaces, creating the drug ND-DOX. Tests showed that tumors were unable to eject the compound, increasing the drug's ability to impact the tumor and reducing side-effects.

Larger nanodiamonds, due to their "high uptake efficiency", have the potential to serve as cellular labels. Studies have concluded that diamond nanoparticles are similar to carbon nanotubes and upon being treated with surfactants, the stability and biocompatibility of both carbon nanotubes and the nanodiamonds in solution greatly increase. In addition, the ability to surface functionalize nanodiamonds of small diameters provides various possibilities for diamond nanoparticles to be utilized as biolabels with potentially low cytotoxicity.

Catalysis
Decreasing particle size and functionalizing their surfaces may allow such surface-modified diamond nanoparticles to deliver proteins, which can then provide an alternative to traditional catalysts.

Skin care

Nanodiamonds are well-absorbed by human skin. They also absorb more of the ingredients in skin care products than skin itself. Thus they cause more of the ingredients to penetrate the deeper layers of the skin. Nanodiamonds also form strong bonds with water, helping to hydrate the skin.

Surgery

During jaw and tooth repair operations, doctors normally use invasive surgery to stick a sponge containing bone-growth-stimulating proteins near the affected area. However, nanodiamonds bind to both bone morphogenetic protein and fibroblast growth factor, both of which encourage bone and cartilage to rebuild and can be delivered orally. Nanodiamond has also been successfully incorporated into gutta percha in root canal therapy.

Blood testing
Defected nanodiamonds can measure the orientation of electron spins in external fields and thus measure their strength. They can electrostatically absorb ferritin proteins on the diamond surface where their numbers can be measured directly as well as the number of iron atoms (as many as 4,500) that make up the protein.

Electronics and sensors

Sensor

Naturally occurring defects in nanodiamonds called nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers, have been used to measure changes over time in weak magnetic fields, much like a compass does with Earth's magnetic field. The sensors can be used at room temperature, and since they consist entirely of carbon, they could be injected into living cells without causing them any harm, Paola Cappellaro says.

Nanomechanical sensor and nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS)

Recent studies have shown that nanoscale diamonds can be bent to a local maximum tensile elastic strain in excess of 9%, with the corresponding maximum tensile stress reached ~100 gigapascals, making them ideal for high-performance nanomechanical sensor and NEMS applications.

Optical computing

Nanodiamonds offer an alternative to photonic metamaterials for optical computing. The same single-defect nanodiamonds that can be used to sense magnetic fields can also use combinations of green and infrared light to enable/disrupt light transmission, allowing the construction of transistors and other logic elements.

Quantum computing

Nanodiamonds with NV centers may serve as a solid-state alternative to trapped ions for room-temperature quantum computing.

Imaging

Fluorescent nanodiamonds offer a stable reference for the quality control purposes in fluorescence and multiharmonic imaging systems.

Prizes and awards
 2012 Ig Nobel Peace Prize: The SKN Company, for converting old Russian ammunition into new diamonds
 In 2015 Amanda Barnard, Science Leader of Australia's Office of the Chief Executive (OCE), The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), received the Theory Prize at the Foresight Institutes' Feynman Awards for nanotechnology. Using theoretical and computational methods, Amanda Barnard increased understanding of the structure and stability of carbon nanostructures and the role that shape plays in establishing properties and interactions under different conditions. The Prize announced focused on her work on diamond nanoparticles (nanodiamonds).

See also

 Aggregated diamond nanorod, a nanocrystalline form of diamond also known as nanodiamond or hyperdiamond
 Detonation nanodiamond

References

Diamond
Carbon nanoparticles


Conondale is a rural town and locality in the Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , Conondale had a population of 858 people.

Geography
The town is in the Sunshine Coast hinterland area. The town is located on the banks of the upper Mary River,  north of the state capital, Brisbane.

History
The town takes its name from a pastoral run assigned by pastoralist Donald Tuach McKenzie when it took up the property on 6 October 1851. It is thought he named it after the Conon River in Ross and Cromarty, Scotland.

In November 1906, a sub-division of the former Conondale Station, the Conondale Estate, described as 14,000 acres in one of the best agricultural and dairying districts in the Commonwealth, was advertised for sale. The auctioneers offered to forward an illustrated lithograph to any address. As a new departure in the sub-division of estates, a butter factory was built by the vendors as part of the sale. However, the butter factory never operated and the building was later demolished, with the timbers used for the construction of a house at Moffat Beach.

Conondale Provisional School and Flagstone Creek Provisional Schools opened in September 1912 both on a half-time basis, meaning that a single teacher was shared between the two schools. In 1913 Flagstone Creek Provisional School was renamed Conondale South Provisional School. In 1915 Conondale South Provisional School was closed and Conondale Provisional School continued with the teacher on a full-time basis. It experienced occasional closures due to lack of students or unavailability of a teacher. In 1933 it became Conondale State School.

Conondale Post Office opened by 1949 (a receiving office or Telegraph office had been open from 1904) and closed in 1974.

In the , the locality of Conondale had a population of 858 people.

Heritage listings
Conondale has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

 Aherns Road: Conondale Timbers Sawmill

Education
Conondale State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 1700 Maleny-Kenilworth Road (). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 92 students with 10 teachers (6 full-time equivalent) and 10 non-teaching staff (5 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program.

Amenities
The Sunshine Coast Regional Council operates a mobile library service which visits the school on Maleny-Kenilworth Road.

Crystal Waters ecovillage
Conondale is home to the Crystal Waters ecovillage which provides accommodation for 200 residents.  It was established formally in 1987 making it one of the first in Australia.

See also

 Conondale Range

References

External links

 Town map of Conondale, 1983

Towns in Queensland
Suburbs of the Sunshine Coast Region
Localities in Queensland


Hugh Williams (1721 or 1722–1779) was a Welsh Anglican priest and writer.

Life
Williams, from Llanengan, on the Llŷn peninsula of north-west Wales, was christened on 18 January 1722.  He attended the Friars School in Bangor before studying at Jesus College, Oxford between 1740 and 1744.  After his ordination as a priest in the Church of England, he was made curate of Llanengan in 1745, leaving in 1751 to become rector of Llanfrothen and perpetual curate of Beddgelert.  In 1754, he moved again to be rector of Aberffraw, a position he held until his death in 1779.  He was a friend of the Welsh poet Goronwy Owen, a contemporary at both the Friars School and Jesus College.  Williams himself was a poet, although very little of what he wrote has survived; he was also a respected preacher.  He published a translation into Welsh of a sermon in English in 1773, and later wrote  (1776).

References

1720s births
1779 deaths
18th-century Welsh Anglican priests
Welsh-language writers
Translators to Welsh
People educated at Friars School, Bangor
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
18th-century British translators
People from Llanengan


Sophocles Papas (1893 or 1894 – 26 February 1986) was a Greek classical guitar pedagogue and music publisher.

Early life
Papas was born in Sopik, Ottoman Empire. He was exposed to classical music at an early age by his father, who was a church chanter, a voice teacher, and a casual player of the violin. When Papas was a young teenager, he went to live with an uncle in Cairo. He attended school and studied piano. He also began to study both the mandolin and the guitar.

Career
Papas returned to Greece in 1912, where he fought as an Albanian guerrilla against the Turks in the Balkan Wars. Later, he joined the Hellenic Army and fought in the Greco-Turkish War.

In 1914, Papas moved to the United States and began teaching classical guitar in Washington, D.C. He also taught at American University. The lack of published guitar music led Papas to found the Columbia Music Company. The company still publishes many arrangements and original compositions for the guitar, including a number by Papas's friend Andrés Segovia. Perhaps best known is Papas's Method for the Classic Guitar (494-00194 / CO 300), and his revised edition of Fernando Sor's Sixty Short Pieces for Guitar (vol. I: nos. 1–38, 494-00227 / CO 170a; and vol. II: nos. 39–60, 494-00227 / CO 170b), first published in 1963. Theodore Presser Company acquired Columbia Music Company in 2017. Papas was also a regular contributor to many scholarly music journals, notably Crescendo.

Some of his better-known pupils include Charlie Byrd, Sharon Isbin, Aaron Shearer, Jim Skinger, Dorothy de Goede, Clare Calahan, John Marlow, Jerry Willard, and the jazz musicians Bill Harris and Alvino Rey. Papas was a lifelong friend of Andrés Segovia, whom he met at Segovia's 1928 debut performance in North America.

Selected publications
Additional publications from the Columbia Music Company include:

 Papas's Bach Album: Fourteen Pieces, by J. S. Bach (Bourrée II, from Suite No. 4 for Cello, BWV 1010; Andante, from the Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach, BWV App. 131; Minuet, from the Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach, BWV App. 114; Minuet, from Violin Partita No. 3, BWV 1006; Gavotte, from Gavotte en Rondeau from Violin Partita No. 3, BWV 1006; Gavotte I, from Suite No. 6 for Cello, BWV 1012 (revised by Elisabeth Papas Smith); Gavotte II, from Suite No. 6 for Cello, BWV 1012; Minuet, from the Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach, BWV App. 115; Minuet III, from Suite in G, BWV 822; Minuet, from the Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach, BWV App. 132; Gavotte II (Musette), from French Suite No. 3, BWV 808; Prelude, or Little Prelude for Lute, BWV 999; Sarabande, from Violin Partita No. 1, BWV 1002; Bourrée, from Lute Suite No. 1, BWV 996), arranged by Sophocles Papas (494-00213 / CO 169).
Five Catalan Melodies (El Noy de la Mare, El Testamento de Amelia, Plany, La Filla del Marxant, El Mestre), revised by Sophocles Papas (494-00204 / CO 232).
 Arpeggio Studies, edited and fingered by Sophocles Papas (494-00368 / CO 257).
 Eight Lessons, fingered by Sophocles Papas (494-00189 / CO 160).

Bibliography
Elisabeth Papas Smith: Sophocles Papas: The Guitar, His Life (Chapel Hill, N.C.: Columbia Music, 1998)

See also

Thea E. Smith, Papas' granddaughter and current president of Columbia Music Company.

External links
Columbia Music Company
George Mason University Libraries, Guide to the Sophocles Papas Papers

References

1890s births
1986 deaths
20th-century classical composers
Composers for the classical guitar
Greek classical guitarists
20th-century guitarists
Expatriates from the Ottoman Empire in Egypt
Greek emigrants to the United States
People from Dropull


Croatia Film d.o.o. (formerly Croatia Film d.d.) is a state-owned film production and distribution company based in Zagreb, Croatia. It began operations in 1946, when Croatia was part of the former nation of Yugoslavia.

The company produced the region's only animated features to date during the 1980s and 1990s, all directed by Milan Blažeković: The Elm-Chanted Forest, The Magician's Hat, and Lapitch the Little Shoemaker.

Croatia Film was also involved in two animated television series: a spin-off of Lapitch in 2000, and the satirical Laku noć, Hrvatska (Good Night, Croatia) from 2005.

In the U.S. end credits of The Elm-Chanted Forest, Croatia Film's name was spelled as one word.

References

External links

Croatian animation studios
Mass media companies established in 1946
Companies based in Zagreb
Film distributors
Film production companies of Croatia
Mass media in Zagreb
1946 establishments in Croatia


The Cabin and Parlor; or, Slaves and Masters is an 1852 novel by Charles Jacobs Peterson, writing under the pseudonym J. Thornton Randolph.

Overview

The Cabin and Parlor is an example of the pro-slavery plantation literature genre that emerged from the Southern United States in response to the abolitionist novel Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, which had been published in book form in that year, and criticised in the Southern United States for exaggerating the workings of slaveholding.

Whereas the majority of anti-Tom novels focused on the evils of abolitionism, Peterson instead attacked the North's capitalist attitudes, and their use of "white slaves" (the working classes) over black slaves. This attitude appeared again in Caroline Rush's The North and the South; or, Slavery and Its Contrasts, also published in 1852.

Plot summary

The story begins with the sudden death of Mr. Courtenay, a wealthy but kindly Virginia landowner who, not having had time to pay off his debts, leaves his family facing destitution.

In an effort to avoid bankruptcy, the family sells their slaves, among whom is the kindly Uncle Peter, who takes a liking to Courtenay's daughter, Isabel, and vows to help the family in any way he can in thanks for the kindness they showed him. The money from the sales is nominal, and Isabel and her brother Horace must find jobs to pay the remaining bills and support their ailing mother.

Isabel finds work as a schoolteacher, and Horace heads to an unidentified city in the North (implied as Philadelphia), where he becomes a "Northern slave" (i.e. clerk) to the malevolent Mr. Sharpe, a ruthless capitalist who works Horace mercilessly.

As the Courtenays continue to struggle, Isabel finds comfort in a young slaveowner named Walworth, the son of an old Virginia family, who travels back and forth between the North and South. When Horace dies of exhaustion in the North, Walworth comforts him in his final hours, and delivers his final requests to his sister.

Whilst travelling together, Walworth and Isabel are caught in the midst of an anti-black riot, from which Walworth saves Isabel from harm. Isabel begins to have romantic feelings for Walworth, and they eventually marry. The marriage, by a twist of fate, allows Isabel to reclaim her wealth and property—including her slaves—and she is finally reinstated at Courtenay Hall.

Characters

Isabel Courtenay, the novel's heroine, one of Courtenay's two children, who struggles to pay her father's debts following his death
Horace Courtenay, Mr. Courtenay's son and Isabel's brother, who travels north to acquire a job, and eventually dies there after being exhausted by his overbearing employers
Walworth, a young English American slaveowner, whose family has deep roots in Virginia and who, along with Uncle Peter, helps the Courtenays regain their wealth and property
Uncle Peter, a kindly slave once owned by the Courtenays, who wishes to help his former masters during their difficult time in return for their kindness to him
Mr. Sharpe, a malevolent, bullying capitalist (possibly intended to correspond with the character of Simon Legree in Uncle Tom's Cabin) who employs Horace, treats him with contempt, and literally works him to death
Mr. Courtenay, the resident of Courtenay Hall in Virginia, who dies suddenly at the beginning of the novel, leaving his family in debt

Publication history

Peterson's novel was among the earliest examples of the plantation literature genre, released six months after Uncle Tom's Cabin appeared in book form.

The publishers of Peterson's novel, T.B. Peterson Ltd. (Theophilus B. Peterson was Charles' brother) subsequently published other "anti-Tom" novels, most notably The Planter's Northern Bride (1854) by Caroline Lee Hentz.

References

External links
The Cabin and Parlor at the University of Virginia

1852 American novels
Anti-Tom novels
Works published under a pseudonym
Novels set in Virginia


John R. Strangfeld is an American businessman. He is the former chairman, chief executive officer, and president of Prudential Financial.

Career
Strangfeld has been with Prudential since July 1977, serving in various management positions, including the executive in charge of Prudential's Global Asset Management Group since 1996, senior managing director of The Private Asset Management Group from 1995 to 1996, and chairman at PRICOA Capital Group (London) Europe from 1989 to 1995.
Strangfeld was appointed CEO of Prudential Financial in 2008.

Strangfeld is also a member of the Raven Society, the oldest and most prestigious honorary society at the University of Virginia. He holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation. Strangfeld was on the board of trustees at Susquehanna University from 1999 until February 2017 when he became an emeritus board member.

Education
Strangfeld received a B.S. in business administration from Susquehanna University and an M.B.A. from the Darden School of Business at the University of Virginia. He was the keynote speaker at the 2017 Susquehanna University commencement ceremony, in which he received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree alongside two other speakers.

Compensation
While CEO of Prudential Financial in 2008, John Strangfeld earned a total compensation of $16,302,184, which included a base salary of $970,769, a cash bonus of $3,300,000, stocks granted of $7,207,765, and options granted of $4,678,905.

References

External links
Profile for John R. Strangfeld from Forbes.com
Profile for John R. Strangfeld from Businessweek.com

American chief executives of financial services companies
Prudential Financial people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Susquehanna University alumni
University of Virginia Darden School of Business alumni
CFA charterholders


Frédéric Cathala (born 29 May 1962) is a French author.

Bibliography
L'Arbalète, La vraie vie commence, Grand Livre du Mois, 2003
Le Théorème de Roitelet, Albin Michel, 2004
Les Mille mots du citoyen Morille Marmouset, Albin Michel, 2006
Grammaire : pour l'amour des mots, Enjeux-Les Echos, septembre 2006
L'aigle et le phénix, Albin Michel, 2008
Le Synode du cadavre, Les Indes savantes, 2012.
1857, KDP, 2017

Critical reviews
Alistair Rolls, « Fetishising the Parisian Text-Scape in Frédéric Cathala’s L’Arbalète : La vraie vie commence », AUMLA : Journal of the Australasian Universities Language & Literature Association, n° 108, pp. 111-29. Encyclopædia Britannica :(Read)
 Ian Dallas, Time of the Bedouin, Budgate Press, 2006, pages 59-60
Valerio Cordiner, « Le théorème de Marmouset, ou la langue (peu) tranchante du Léviathan », in Présences du passé dans le roman français contemporain. Actes du colloque "Présences du passé dans la littérature française contemporaine", Roma, Bulzoni, collection Studi e testi 6, 2007, 244 p.
Stéphane Corcuff, « L'aigle et le phénix, lecture du roman de Frédéric Cathala », in Sens public, revue internationale des politistes, 18 septembre 2008 (Read)
Valerio Cordiner, Recensione di l’Aigle et le Phénix ou l’Innombrable et invincible armée du dissident Wu, Università di Roma Sapienza (Read), 2008
 Alistair Rolls, Paris and the Fetish: Primal Crime Scenes, Rodopi, 2014
Olivier Barrot, «Les Mille Mots du citoyen Morille Marmouset», in Un livre, un jour, INA,31 janvier 2006 (View podcast)
Astrid Eliard, «Les Mille Mots du citoyen Morille Marmouset», in Le Figaro, 18 février  2006 (Read)
Claude Mourthé, «Le Théorème de Roitelet», in Le Magazine littéraire, décembre 2006 (Read)
 Anne Logeay, « L'aigle et le phénix», in Historia, août 2008 (Read)
Marianne Payot, « Les Mots à la guillotine », in L’Express, 12 janvier 2006 (Read)
Marie-Hélène Fraïssé, «Un Enpereur bien gardé», in Tout un monde, France Culture, 4 mai 2008 (Read )
Marie-Françoise Leclère, «La guerre de 14 en équations», in Le Point, 17 janvier 2007 (Read)
 Yves Bruley, «Les Mille Mots du citoyen Morille Marmouset», in Historia, avril 2006 (Read)
Delphine Peras, «Le Lavoisier de la grammaire», in Lire et L’Express, 1 février 2006 (Read)

References

1962 births
Living people
French male writers


The Powysland Club is a historical society for the county of Montgomeryshire, Wales.  It was founded in 1867. Among the society's members was Elias Owen, the antiquarian who served as a committee member and published articles in the club's journal, The Montgomeryshire Collections between 1871 and 1899. Members of the club founded the first Powysland Museum in 1874.

It holds several annual educational lectures and excursions to sites of historical interest. The club also publishes an annual journal, Montgomeryshire Collections. It also maintains a library, which is open to the general public, in Welshpool.

References

External links
Powysland Club website
Charity Commission entries for Powysland Club

Organisations based in Powys
Historical societies of the United Kingdom
History of Montgomeryshire
1867 establishments in Wales


The Ulsan Hyundai Mobis Phoebus is a professional basketball club in the Korean Basketball League.

History

Foundation and amateur era
Before the professional Korean Basketball League was established in 1997, domestic basketball was an amateur sport and teams were sponsored by corporate companies or private universities. Ulsan Hyundai Mobis Phoebus traces its origins to the basketball team sponsored by Kia Motors in 1986. The team was based in Busan where Kia Motors had manufacturing operations.

During the amateur era, all teams competed in the National Basketball Festival (농구대잔치). The Kia team dominated the late 1980s, despite being relatively new compared to Samsung Electronic and Hyundai's teams (now Seoul Samsung Thunders and Jeonju KCC Egis, respectively). Their roster at that time consisted of the legendary Chung-Ang University quartet: centers Han Ki-bum and Kim Yoo-taek, all-rounded shooting guard Hur Jae and record-breaking point guard Kang Dong-hee. The "Hur-Dong-Taek Trio" would later be retrospectively dubbed the most formidable offensive unit of the amateur era.

Professional era (1997–2001)
With the founding of the KBL, Kia chose to register its team and joined the league as Busan Kia Enterprise. They won the inaugural KBL Championship. Although they finished the next two seasons as championship runners-up, the team went through a period of upheaval. As with many major corporations, Kia Motors suffered from the 1997 Asian financial crisis, which had hit South Korea hard. Kia was bought over by Hyundai Motor Company in 1998 but the basketball team remained solely under Kia and retained the name. The team was unable to go through a generational change due to financial constraints and the aging squad found themselves behind other teams, especially a much younger Daejeon Hyundai Dynat team driven by the likes of Lee Sang-min and Choo Seung-gyun. Han had already retired by then while Hur and Kang both left for other teams for various reasons.

Hyundai then acquired the basketball team prior to the 2001–02 season as it was no longer feasible for Kia to sponsor a sports team. The team moved to its current home city of Ulsan.

Ulsan era (2001–present)
The first several seasons after the move were forgettable, as the newly-renamed Ulsan Mobis Automons mostly finished in the bottom half of the league table. Incumbent head coach Yoo Jae-hak, himself a former Kia player during the amateur era, was hired in 2004. At the rookie draft that year, Mobis won the lottery for the first overall pick and Yoo drafted Yang Dong-geun, who would go on to become the team's longest-serving player.

Current roster

Honours

Domestic

Korean Basketball League championship
 Winners (7): 1997, 2006–07, 2009–10, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2018–19
 Runners-up (3): 1997–98, 1998–99, 2005–06

Korean Basketball League regular season
 Winners (7): 1997, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2014–15, 2018–19
 Runners-up (5): 1998–99, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2020–21

KBL Cup
 Runners-up: 2023

Continental
FIBA Asia Champions Cup
 Winners: 1992
 Runners-up: 1997

ABA Club Championship
 Runners-up: 2013

References

External links

 Official website
 Asia-Basket.com

1986 establishments in South Korea
Basketball teams established in 1986
Basketball teams in South Korea
Korean Basketball League teams
Sport in Ulsan
Hyundai Motor Group


Christopher Ethan Maxwell (born 30 July 1990) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for  club Huddersfield Town. He has represented Wales at age group level but not in a full competitive international level meaning he is still eligible to represent England and Scotland via his ancestry.

Maxwell began his career at Wrexham where he made his professional debut 18 years old in the 2008–09 season before moving to newly promoted League club Fleetwood Town in May 2012. He made his Fleetwood Town and simultaneously his League debut during the 2013–14 season after successful loan spells at Wrexham and Cambridge United. Maxwell signed for Preston North End in May 2016, and has since played for Charlton Athletic and Hibernian on loan from Preston.

Maxwell has played internationally for Wales at under-21 level, and all other international age groups under-19, under-17 and under-16 schoolboys teams.

Youth football
Born in St Asaph, Maxwell began his career coming through Wrexham's youth system, and signed a one-year professional contract in June 2008, which was extended under the management of Dean Saunders in January 2009, keeping him at the club until May 2010.

Club career

Connah's Quay Nomads
Maxwell spent a six-month loan spell at Welsh Premier League team Connah's Quay Nomads during the 2008–09 season, making 20 appearances in all competitions, before being called back by Wrexham in January 2009.

Wrexham
In April 2009, Maxwell made his first team debut for Wrexham at the age of 18. He went on to start the remaining 3 league games of the 2008–09 season, claiming his first senior clean sheet on the last day of the season against Weymouth.

After playing all of their 2009–10 pre-season games, Maxwell was joined at Wrexham by the more experienced Sam Russell. After only four games of the season, new signing Russell was sidelined with a dislocated elbow, allowing Maxwell the opportunity to start.

Maxwell went on to play 21 consecutive games and kept 10 clean sheets during Russell's absence. His contribution was acknowledged when he agreed an extension to his contract keeping him at the club until the end of the 2010–11 season. Maxwell regained the place ahead of Russell to play the last nine games of the season keeping a further five clean sheets. A number of defensive club records were broken; clean sheets, goals conceded and the first season where no more than two goals were conceded in a single game. Maxwell was recognised for his performances with a number of fans awards, including being named the Wrexham Football Association 'young player of the season'.

During the 2010–11 pre-season, Maxwell was joined at Wrexham by the more experienced Scott Shearer, and found himself once again fighting for the starting place. Maxwell took over the position in the starting line up just 10 games into the new season and soon started to attract the attention of higher league clubs. He cemented his claim to the number one position when Shearer left the club during the January transfer window.

Wrexham managed a play-off spot, but lost out to Luton Town in the semi-final play-off games. Maxwell finished the season with a number of fans awards including the Wrexham Football Association 'young player of the season for the second year running.

Maxwell remained at Wrexham for the start of the 2011–12 season. After a frustrating season under new player manager Andy Morrell and starting only 11 times after losing the number one position to Joslain Mayebi, having been absent from the squad after being called up to the Wales under-21 side. He decided he wanted to leave the club and was subsequently released.

Fleetwood Town
Maxwell was immediately signed by newly promoted Football League newcomers, Fleetwood Town on 23 May 2012.

Return to Wrexham on loan

On Transfer deadline day in January 2013 Maxwell signed for his former club Wrexham on loan for the remainder of the 2012–13 season after first team goalkeeper Joslain Mayebi was ruled out with an injury for the rest of the season. Maxwell made his second Wrexham debut in a Conference Premier match away to Forest Green Rovers. In March 2013 Maxwell picked up his first career honour winning the FA Trophy at Wembley with Wrexham. Wrexham went on to play at Wembley a second time where they lost to Newport County in the Conference play-off final.

Cambridge United loan
Maxwell signed for Cambridge United on loan until January 2014 and quickly established himself as part of the team. He was handed the number 1 shirt by manager Richard Money despite being on loan and made his team debut on the first day of the 2013–14 season with a win against FC Halifax Town. The season started with a 16-game unbeaten run. This was a club record and with 11 clean sheets, 6 of which were consecutive, another club league record was established. Maxwell was awarded the Conference Premier player of the month for October after keeping 5 clean sheets and not conceding throughout the month, this involved saving a penalty as Cambridge beat Grimsby Town 1–0 at Blundell Park. His loan with Cambridge ended on 6 January 2014 and he returned to Fleetwood Town. During his loan period, Maxwell kept a total of 18 clean sheets and conceded only 10 times during 24 league games.

Return to Fleetwood Town
After Cambridge failed to secure Maxwell's services for the remainder of the season Maxwell again returned to Highbury to battle both Scott Davies and David Lucas for the number one spot. Maxwell finally made his club and simultaneously his Football League debut under new manager Graham Alexander away from home against Wycombe Wanderers in a 1–1 draw on 11 February 2014 Maxwell retained his place for the remainder of the season helping Fleetwood to a fourth-place finish and a place in the League Two play off finals. Maxwell kept a total of 11 clean sheets in 22 games for Fleetwood bringing his season total to 29 in 50 games with 24 in 41 competitive league games. Fleetwood went on to win the play-off final at Wembley on 26 May, beating Burton Albion 1–0 in normal time. Following Fleetwood's promotion to League One, Maxwell signed a two-year contract extension with Fleetwood until the summer of 2016.

Fleetwood made an impressive start to the 2014–15 season with 10 points from the first 4 games good enough to top the League One table. Maxwell continued collecting clean sheets with three consecutive shut outs and only conceding one goal from a penalty in the season opener against Crewe Alexandra. Maxwell continued as the club number one and played every game during the season helping Fleetwood finish in 10th equal on points with Rochdale in 8th place. Only the top three clubs had a better defensive record. Maxwell's efforts were recognised with a number of personal awards; Players Player, Supporters Player of the season and The Community Player of the season.

A change of strategic direction for the 2015–16 season saw the club fighting relegation for the entire season only securing League One status on the last day with a 2–0 win over already relegated Crewe Alexandra. Fleetwood eventually finish in 19th spot above relegated Fylde Coast rivals Blackpool. Despite being constantly in and out of the relegation zone only the top seven clubs had a better defensive record.

Maxwell's effort were recognised with a number of personal awards; The PFA Community Player of the season, the League One unsung hero award for April 2016 and was a finalist in the North West MBNA Football awards for the 2014–15 season.

Preston North End
On 16 May 2016, Maxwell signed for Championship side Preston North End on a three-year deal, commencing 1 July 2016. He found himself competing for a starting place with Anders Lindegaard who returned to Preston following a loan spell during the previous season, signing on a free transfer from West Brom.

Maxwell made his debut on 23 August in a 2–0 win against Oldham Athletic in the EFL Cup. He made his league debut on 23 September in a 1–0 win against Wigan Athletic. Maxwell replaced Lindegaard as first choice for the remainder of the 2016–17 season, and was rewarded with a contract extension to 2020. At the end of the season, he was named Community Player of season at the club's annual awards.

Declan Rudd was signed by Preston in June 2017, as competition for the number 1 spot. Maxwell secured the starting place for the first game of the 2017–18 season, but Rudd became the regular first choice.

On 2 October 2018, in a game against Aston Villa, with the score level at 3–3, he saved a last minute Glenn Whelan penalty to help his side earn a point. His last appearance for Preston was in a 1–1 draw at Ipswich Town later in October 2018, when he was sent off for two bookable offences.

Maxwell was released by Preston on 22 January 2020.

Charlton Athletic loan
On 8 January 2019, Maxwell signed for League One side Charlton Athletic on loan until the end of the 2018–19 season. Maxwell returned to Preston at the end of the season, without having made a first team appearance for Charlton.

Hibernian loan
Maxwell was loaned to Scottish Premiership club Hibernian in July 2019, with the arrangement due to run for the whole of the 2019–20 season. He began the season as deputy to Ofir Marciano who was dropped in September giving Maxwell his first-team chance.

Blackpool
Maxwell joined Blackpool on 24 January 2020, on a deal until the end of the season. He signed a new two-year contract at the end of the 2019–20 season, taking him until the summer of 2022. In December 2020 he tested positive for COVID-19 and had to self-isolate, missing matches.

Maxwell won the League One EFL Golden Glove for the 2020–21 season after keeping (as of the 4 May victory over Doncaster Rovers) 21 clean sheets. He was named in the League One PFA Team of the Year on 3 June.

On 22 July 2021, Maxwell signed a new two-year contract, with an option to extend by a further twelve months.

Huddersfield Town
In July 2023 Maxwell joined Huddersfield Town on a two year contract.

International career
Maxwell is eligible to play for three of the home nations, as he is Welsh by birth, has an English father and a Scottish grandfather. He was a member of the Wales U16 squad that won the 2005 Victory Shield, during the 2005–06 season, won his first U17 cap at the age of 15 and went on to win his first U19 cap at the age of just 16 and three days. During the 2008–09 season, Maxwell added a further two international age groups to his tally; U23 semi professional and U21 honours both before his 19th birthday.

At the start of the 2009–10 season, Maxwell retained his place in the Wales U21 squad and played in all of Wales' Group 3 qualification games for the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship. Maxwell continued as number 1 in the Wales U21 squad during 2010 and played in all of the remaining Wales' Group 3 qualification games for the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship. Wales narrowly missed out on qualification for the next stage on an away goal rule to Italy. Maxwell continued to be a key member of the 2011–13 Wales U21 squad for qualification games in the 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship.

Maxwell was called into the senior side during the buildup to UEFA Euro 2016, due to an injury to Danny Ward. Maxwell remained with the squad during preparations but did not make the final squad when Ward made a full recovery.

Career statistics

Honours
Wrexham
FA Trophy: 2012–13

Fleetwood Town
Football League Two play-offs: 2014

Charlton Athletic
EFL League One play-offs: 2019

Blackpool
EFL League One play-offs: 2021

Wales U16
Victory Shield: 2005

Individual
Wrexham Young Player of the Year: 2009–10, 2010–11.
Conference Premier Player of the Month: October 2013
Fleetwood Town Players' Player of the Season: 2014–15
Fleetwood Town Supporters' Player of the Season: 2014–15
Fleetwood Town Community Player of the Season: 2014–15
Fleetwood Town PFA Community Player of the Season: 2015–16
Football League One Unsung Hero Award: April 2016
Preston North End Community Player of the Season 2016–17
EFL League One Golden Glove: 2020–21
PFA Team of the Year: 2020–21 League One

References

External links

Living people
1990 births
Sportspeople from St Asaph
Footballers from Denbighshire
Welsh men's footballers
Welsh people of English descent
Welsh people of Scottish descent
Wales men's youth international footballers
Wales men's under-21 international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Fleetwood Town F.C. players
Cambridge United F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Hibernian F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Cymru Premier players
Scottish Professional Football League players


The Turkish Football Championship () was a top-level football competition in Turkey. It was the first nationwide championship in Turkish football history. The championship was organised by the Turkish Football Federation (then called Futbol Hey'et-i Müttehidesi). The tournament system was based on a knockout competition, contested between the winners of each of the country's regional leagues.

After 1951 and the professionalization of Turkish football, the competition continued under the name Turkish Amateur Football Championship (Turkish: Türkiye Amatör Futbol Şampiyonası) with a completely different status. It was no longer the top-flight championship in Turkey, leaving only amateur teams as participants.

Fenerbahçe and Harp Okulu are the most successful clubs with three titles.

History

The first competition was held in 1924. Qualified for the tournament were the champions of the various Turkish regional leagues. The only exceptions were Harbiye and Bahriye, the clubs of the Turkish Military Academy and Naval Academy respectively. Both clubs were included by the Turkish Football Federation (TFF) as military clubs, and not as champions of a civilian regional league. Then the competition was not held for the following two years due to insufficient funds.

In 1927 the Turkish government funded the championship and the expenses of the clubs, so that they could afford the trip to the capital Ankara, where all matches took place in the first two editions. The third edition was started in 1932 and the series continued until the end of the season in 1935.

The competition was not held for the following four years. In this period the Turkish National Division, the first national football league in Turkey, was introduced by the TFF. From 1940 to 1950, both national championships were held at the same time. The difference between both tournaments was the competition system and the qualification criteria. In 1944 a special super cup, the Prime Minister's Cup, was launched by the TFF, which was competed by the winners of both championships. It was one of the earliest football super cups in the world. The cup was held in that format until 1950, when the National Division was concluded.

The championship was resumed again in 1940 and was played every year (except for 1943 and 1948) until 1951. In 1942 a new format was introduced. From this year on the champions were decided in the so-called Final Group, which consisted of the champions of the three major regional leagues (Istanbul, Ankara, and İzmir Leagues), and the winners of a qualification play-off, contested by the winners of the regional qualification groups. The 1951 edition was the last one as the top-level championship, as Turkish football became professional in September 1951. From then on the competition continued under the name Turkish Amateur Football Championship until 1996, consisting only of amateur teams.

Champions

Source:

Performance by club

See also
 List of Turkish football champions
 Turkish National Division
 Turkish Super League

External links
 RSSSF

References

Sources

Turkish
1924 establishments in Turkey
1951 disestablishments in Turkey
Recurring sporting events established in 1924
Recurring events disestablished in 1951
Turkey
Football


Dawn of Love may refer to:
The Dawn of Love (painting), oil painting by English artist William Etty
The Dawn of Love (film), 1916 American film
Sons of Ingmar, or Dawn of Love, 1919 Swedish film


Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) also known as alternative splicing factor 1 (ASF1), pre-mRNA-splicing factor SF2 (SF2) or ASF1/SF2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SRSF1 gene. ASF/SF2 is an essential sequence specific splicing factor involved in pre-mRNA splicing. SRSF1 is the gene that codes for ASF/SF2 and is found on chromosome 17.  The resulting splicing factor is a protein of approximately 33 kDa. ASF/SF2 is necessary for all splicing reactions to occur, and influences splice site selection in a concentration-dependent manner, resulting in alternative splicing. In addition to being involved in the splicing process, ASF/SF2 also mediates post-splicing activities, such as mRNA nuclear export and translation.

Structure

ASF/SF2 is an SR protein, and as such, contains two functional modules: an arginine-serine rich region (RS domain), where the bulk of ASF/SF2 regulation takes place, and two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), through which ASF/SF2 interacts with RNA and other splicing factors. These modules have different functions within general splicing factor function.

Splicing

ASF/SF2 is an integral part of numerous components of the splicing process.  ASF/SF2 is required for 5’ splice site cleavage and selection, and is capable of discriminating between cryptic and authentic splice sites. Subsequent lariat formation during the first chemical step of pre-mRNA splicing also requires ASF/SF2. ASF/SF2 promotes recruitment of the U1 snRNP to the 5’ splice site, and bridges the 5’ and 3’ splice sites to facilitate splicing reactions. ASF/SF2 also associates with the U2 snRNP. During the  reaction, ASF/SF2 promotes the use of intron proximal sites and hinders the use of intron distal sites, affecting alternative splicing. Alternative splicing is affected by ASF/SF2 in a concentration-dependent manner; differing concentrations of ASF/SF2 is a mechanism for alternative splicing regulation, and will result in differing amounts of product isoforms. ASF/SF2 accomplishes this regulation through direct or indirect binding to exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) sequences.

Post-splicing

ASF/SF2, in the presence of elF4E, promotes the initiation of translation of ribosome-bound mRNA by suppressing the activity of 4E-BP and recruiting molecules for further regulation of translation. ASF/SF2 interacts with the nuclear export protein TAP in a regulated manner, controlling the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus. An increase in cellular ASF/SF2 also will increase the efficiency of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), favoring NMD that occurs before mRNA release from the nucleus over NMD that occurs after mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This shift in NMD caused by increased ASF/SF2 is accompanied by overall enhancement of the pioneer round of translation, through elF4E-bound mRNA translation and subsequent translationally active ribosomes, increased association of pioneer translation initiation complexes with ASF/SF2, and increased levels of active TAP.

Regulation through phosphorylation

ASF/SF2 has the ability to be phosphorylated at the serines in its RS domain by the SR specific protein kinase, SRPK1. SRPK1 and ASF/SF2 form an unusually stable complex of apparent Kd of 50nM. SRPK1 selectively phosphorylates up to twelve serines in the RS domain of ASF/SF2 through a directional and processive mechanism, moving from the C terminus to the N terminus. This multi-phosphorylation directs ASF/SF2 to the nucleus, influencing a number of protein-protein interactions associated with splicing. ASF/SF2's function in export of mature mRNA from the nucleus is dependent on its phosphorylation state; dephosphorylation of ASF/SF2 facilitates binding to TAP, while phosphorylation directs ASF/SF2 to nuclear speckles. Both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of ASF/SF2 are important and necessary for proper splicing to occur, as sequential phosphorylation and dephosphorylation marks the transitions between stages in the splicing process. In addition, hypophosphorylation and hyperphosphorylation of ASF/SF2 by Clk/Sty can lead to inhibition of splicing.

Biological importance

Stability and fidelity

ASF/SF2 is involved in genomic stability; it is thought that RNA Polymerase recruits ASF/SF2 to nascent RNA transcripts to impede formation of mutagenic DNA:RNA hybrid R-loop structures between the transcript and the template DNA. In this way, ASF/SF2 is protecting cells from the potential deleterious effects of transcription itself. ASF/SF2 is also implicated in cellular mechanisms to hinder exon skipping and to ensure splicing is occurring accurately and correctly.

Development and growth

ASF/SF2 has been shown to have a critical function in heart development, embryogenesis, tissue formation, cell motility, and cell viability in general.

Clinical significance

SFRS1 is a proto-oncogene, and thus ASF/SF2 can act as an oncoprotein; it can alter the splicing patterns of crucial cell cycle regulatory genes and suppressor genes. ASF/SF2 controls the splicing of various tumor suppressor genes, kinases, and kinase receptors, all of which have the potential to be alternatively spliced into oncogenic isoforms. As such, ASF/SF2 is an important target for cancer therapy, as it is over-expressed in many tumors.

Modifications and defects in the alternative splicing pathway are associated with a variety of human diseases.

ASF/SF2 is involved in the replication of HIV-1, as HIV-1 needs a delicate balance of spliced and unspliced forms of its viral DNA. ASF/SF2 action in the replication of HIV-1 is a potential target for HIV therapy. ASF/SF2 is also implicated in the production of T cell receptors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, altering specific chain expression in T cell receptors through alternative splicing.

Interactions

ASF/SF2 has been shown to interact with:

 CDC5L,
 CLK1,
 PSIP1,
 SFRS2,
 SRPK1,
 SRPK2,
 TOP1,
 U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1,  and
 snRNP70.

References

External links

Gene expression
Human proteins
Biology of bipolar disorder


The Women's Team Sprint was one of the 8 women's events at the 2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, held in Manchester, United Kingdom.

Ten teams of 2 cyclists each participated in the contest. After the qualifying, the fastest 2 teams raced for gold, and 3rd and 4th teams raced for bronze.

The Qualifying and the Finals were held on the evening session on 27 March.

Qualifying

Finals

References

Women's team sprint
UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's team sprint


The Edgar Allan "E. A." Poe House is a historic home located at Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North Carolina.

It was built between 1896 and 1898, and is a two-story, three-bay frame house with Eastlake movement / Stick Style decorative elements.  It features a wraparound porch which is double-tiered in the central bay and graced by delicate sawnwork and turned posts.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.  It is located in the Haymount Historic District.

It is named after the successful businessman, politician, and civic leader who built it; not the well-known American author Edgar Allan Poe. To avoid confusion, the Fayetteville native is generally referenced as "E. A." in the local area and the historic house museum is known simply as Poe House. It is also referenced as the 1897 Poe House and part of the Museum of the Cape Fear Historical Complex.

See also
Edgar Allan Poe House (Lenoir, North Carolina)
Edgar Allan Poe Museum (disambiguation)

References

External links
Museum of the Cape Fear Historical Complex

Historic house museums in North Carolina
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Victorian architecture in North Carolina
Houses completed in 1896
Houses in Fayetteville, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Cumberland County, North Carolina
Museums in Cumberland County, North Carolina
Historic district contributing properties in North Carolina
1896 establishments in North Carolina


The Edgar Allan Poe House is a historic home located in Caldwell County at 506 Main Street NW in Lenoir, North Carolina.

The two-story Dutch Colonial Revival style house with wraparound porch and gambrel roof was built in 1905 by Edgar Allan Poe, who was not the famous Boston poet born 1809. After finishing law school, Poe moved to Asheville in 1890 and worked as a carpenter with local architecture firm Alfonse, building structures in Hickory. Additionally Poe contributed to the beginning construction of Vanderbilt's Biltmore Estate in Asheville. The business district in the town of Lenoir was founded in 1841. Growth was slow until the arrival of Chester & Lenoir Railroad in 1884, which boosted trade and industrial development. During this local industrial boom, Poe moved from his native home of Dallas, North Carolina, to Lenoir in 1893. Poe constructed several commercial buildings in Lenoir including the Courtney Building (1907) and the Lenoir Furniture and Hardware Building (1908). The largest contract attributed to Poe was the construction of the Caldwell County Courthouse (1903). In 1897 on October 28 Edgar Allan Poe married Eugenia Maude Miller, daughter of a pioneering family who moved to Caldwell County in the early 1890s. The Miller family owned property on North Main Street and built a house where Eugenia Maude lived until marriage. Poe built his first house in the neighborhood of his in-laws, on Scroggs Street. Poe's two children, Eugene Allan (1898-1964) and Carolyn Ransom (1903-1979), were born in the house on Scroggs Street. In 1905, the Poe family bought a half acre on North Main Street and began constructing their second home. This second house on North Main Street remained in ownership of the Poe family until August 1999. Poe was an active member of the community as an architect, a prolific builder, a lawyer, and the mayor of Lenoir for four years.

The home was restored by Joel Kincaid and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in March 2001.

See also
Edgar Allan Poe House (Fayetteville, North Carolina)
Edgar Allan Poe Museum (disambiguation)

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Colonial Revival architecture in North Carolina
Houses completed in 1905
Houses in Caldwell County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Caldwell County, North Carolina
1905 establishments in North Carolina