Minky Worden is an American human rights advocate and author. She serves as Director of Global Initiatives at Human Rights Watch. She has been an adjunct associate professor at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs since 2013.

Early life and education
A native of Tennessee, Worden is a graduate of Vanderbilt University where she majored in Political Science, German and History. She speaks Cantonese and German.

Career
Worden joined Human Rights Watch in 1998. As its Director of Global Initiatives, she develops and implements international outreach and advocacy campaigns. She previously served as Human Rights Watch's Media Director, working with the world's journalists to help them cover crises, wars, human rights abuses and political developments in some 90 countries worldwide. Worden speaks and writes extensively on the topics of political prisoners, women's rights, and human rights and sports.

She previously lived and worked in Hong Kong as an adviser to Democratic Party of Hong Kong chairman Martin Lee and worked at the U.S. Department of Justice in Washington, D.C., as a speechwriter for U.S. Attorney General Dick Thornburgh and in the Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys.

Worden is editor of China's Great Leap: The Beijing Games and Olympian Human Rights Challenges (Seven Stories Press, 2008) and The Unfinished Revolution: Voices from the Global Fight for Women's Rights (Seven Stories Press, 2012). She was co-editor with Kenneth Roth and Amy Bernstein of Torture: Does It Make Us Safer? Is It Ever OK?: A Human Rights Perspective (The New Press, 2005).

Books
 The Unfinished Revolution: Voices from the Global Fight for Women's Rights (Seven Stories Press, 2012)
 Foreword by Christiane Amanpour. This book outlines the global challenge to secure basic rights for women and girls. Writers from around the world tackle some of the toughest questions about improving the lives of women, and explain why we need fresh approaches for the most vexing and durable abuses.
 China's Great Leap: The Beijing Games and Olympian Human Rights Challenges (Seven Stories Press, 2008)
 Foreword by Nicholas Kristof. China's Great Leap examines three decades of reform in the People's Republic of China in the context of the 2008 Olympic Games. With contributions from Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Liu Xiaobo and other reformists, the book spotlights key areas for human rights reform that could represent a possible great leap forward for the people of China.
 Torture (The New Press, 2005)
 The question of cruel and unusual treatment has taken on new urgency in the United States and around the world. Torture features twelve essays by leading thinkers and experts ranging over history and continents, offering a nuanced, up-to-the-minute exploration of this wrenching topic.

Writings
Worden has written dozens of articles for news outlets, including:
 "Saudi Sports Reforms Give Girls in the Kingdom a Running Start." The New York Times. September 7, 2017.
 "She Conquered Everest: Now She's Tackling Laws That Keep Women Out of Sport." CNN. May 11, 2017.
 "Beach Volleyball and Women's Rights in Iran?" CNN. February 4, 2016.
 "Human Rights and the 2022 Olympics". The New York Times. January 19, 2015.
 "Raising the Bar: Mega-Sporting Events and Human Rights". Human Rights Watch World Report 2015.
 "Minky Worden: Russia's Anti-Gay Laws Threaten the Olympics' Character". The Washington Post. November 22, 2013.
 "The Olympics' Leadership Mess". The New York Times. August 8, 2013.
 "In Saudi Arabia, Women Are Confined by Technology". The Washington Post. December 24, 2012.
 "The View From the Empire State Building". MSNBC. October 20, 2003.
 "Hong Kong's Brave Struggle for Democracy." The Asian Wall Street Journal. July 2, 1998.

Boards of directors
 The Overseas Press Club, elected Associate Board of Governors Member (since 1999)
 Asia Catalyst, Board Member (since 2009)
 The International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, Board Chair (since 2010)
 Platon's The People's Portfolio, Board Chair (since 2013)
 The Human Trafficking Legal Center, Board (since 2014)

Memberships and affiliations
 Council on Foreign Relations, Member (since 1999)
 Council on Foreign Relations, Term Member Advisory Committee (1999-2004)
 Seven Stories Press, Advisory Board Member

Personal life
Worden is married to L. Gordon Crovitz, a media executive and advisor to media and technology companies who is a former publisher of The Wall Street Journal. They have three sons.

At age 50, she completed her first Olympic triathlon.

References

American human rights activists
Women human rights activists
Human Rights Watch people
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


Kunal Datta (born 20 August 1936) was an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler who played for Kerala. He was born in Patna.

Datta made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959–60 season, against Andhra. From the lower-middle order, he scored 4 not out in the only innings in which he batted, as Kerala finished their first innings at 555/5, a team-best score which lasted for 48 years.

Datta bowled 8 overs in the match, taking figures of 1-25.

External links
Kunal Datta at CricketArchive

1936 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Kerala cricketers
Cricketers from Patna


Ivan D'Cruz (born in Tanzania, Africa) from Cannanore, now known as Kannur district in Kerala was an Indian cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and left-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Kerala.

D'Cruz made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1970–71 season, against Andhra Pradesh. From the middle order, he scored 2 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and 10 runs in the second.

D'Cruz bowled 7 overs in the match, but failed to take a wicket.

Ivan D'Cruz has also represented Kerala in Hockey.

External links
Ivan D'Cruz at Cricket Archive

Indian cricketers
Kerala cricketers
Tanzanian cricketers
People from Kannur district
Cricketers from Kerala


Subramaniya Gopalakrishnan (full name Nenmara Subramaniya Gopalakrishnan; born 14 September 1940) was an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper who played for Kerala. He was born in Jamshedpur.

Gopalakrishnan made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1963–64 season, against Hyderabad. He scored 9 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and 6 runs in the second, though this was not enough to save Kerala from an innings defeat.

External links
Subramaniya Gopalakrishnan at Cricket Archive

1940 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Kerala cricketers


Brian Lies (pronounced Lees) (born 1963) is American author and illustrator of children's books. His works include his 2019 Caldecott Honor-winning picture book The Rough Patch and his NY Times bestselling bat series, which includes Bats at the Beach, Bats at the Library, Bats at the Ballgame, and Bats in the Band.

He also illustrates for the children's magazines Spider, Ladybug, and Babybug.

Early life
Lies was born in Princeton, New Jersey and now lives in eastern Massachusetts.

Lies was interested in art since childhood. While studying literature and psychology at Brown University, he made political cartoons for the student newspaper but was turned down when he applied for jobs at various publications. He then studied art at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and eventually created political cartoons for major newspapers and magazines.

He had, however, long been interested in children's books, and when he was approached by Susan Sherman, who liked the way he portrayed emotions on his animal character's faces, he ended up illustrating the first book in the Flatfoot Fox series, written by Eth Clifford.

Works
Bats at the Beach was read on NPR's "Weekend Edition Saturday" by Daniel Pinkwater, after which the book enjoyed a great deal of success, and leaving Houghton Mifflin to keep up with the sudden demand. It also landed a spot on Publishers Weekly's children's picture book bestseller list and was awarded an Oppenheim Toy Portfolio Gold Award. The story follows a group of bats, young and old, and their comical variations on such activities as sailing, surfing, putting on lotion, and roasting marshmallows.  Matt Berman of Common Sense Media praised the book’s "simple and joyous concept" and noted the characters' gently rounded features. Lies stated that he tries to keep the design of his animal characters as naturalistic as possible despite their often human-like behavior. Lies got the idea from his daughter, who described a pattern of frost on the window as "a bat, with sea foam"; as Lies developed the idea, the verses came to him in a sudden inspiration. The acrylic paintings use a lot of blues and browns and are often bathed in moonlight though no moon is ever seen. The sequel, Bats at the Library, made it onto Time.com's Top 10 Children's Books of 2008 list, and the ABA announced that the book had been named Best New Picture Book in the 2009 Indies Choice Book Awards.  In 2010, the book was awarded the 2010 Bill Martin, Jr. Picture Book Award (Kansas Reading Association).

Judith Constantinides, in a review for School Library Journal, said his acrylic paintings for Donna M. Bateman’s Deep in the Swamp are reminiscent of an Audubon painting. (The book also won a 2008 Southern Independent Booksellers Association Award.) Constantinides, in an earlier review for School Library Journal,  praised Lies’ Hamlet and the Magnificent Sandcastle (which he wrote and illustrated) for its watercolor illustrations and the humorous details. The book is about an optimistic ("despite his namesake", as Constantinides notes) pig named Hamlet and his "pessimistic" porcupine friend Quince as they struggle to defend a giant sandcastle against the waves. Popcorn! by Elaine Landau was nominated for the 2006 Rhode Island Children's Book Award. and was also included in the Children's Agriculture Book series of Wisconsin Agriculture in the Classroom, which tries to select books that "hat accurately portray modern agriculture".

Books written and illustrated by Brian Lies
 The Rough Patch (2018)
2019 Caldecott Honor Book
 Got to Get to Bear's! (2018)
 Gator Dad (2016)
 Hamlet and the Enormous Chinese Dragon Kite (2001)
 Hamlet and the Magnificent Sandcastle (1994)

Bats series

Bats in the Band (2014)
 Bats at the Ballgame (2010)
 Bats at the Library (2008)
 Bats at the Beach (2006)

Books illustrated by Brian Lies
 Malcolm at Midnight  by W.H. Beck.
 MORE by I.C. Springman.
 Deep in the Swamp  by Donna M. Bateman. (2007)
 Finklehopper Frog Cheers  by Irene Livingston (Tricycle Press, 2005)
 Lucky Duck  by Ellen Weiss (2004)
 Zoo Train by Lissa Rovetch
 Spy Hops and Belly Flops  by Lynda Graham-Barber (2004)
 Finklehopper Frog  by Irene Livingston (2003)  (also released in paperback with an audio cassette narrated by Steve Blane)
 Dinosaur Footprints (Reading Intervention for Early Success) (2003)
 Dinosaurs (Reading Intervention for Early Success)  by Adam Karlson. (2003)
 Popcorn!  by Elaine Landau. (2003)
 See the Yak Yak  by Charles Ghigna. (1999)
 The Midnight Fridge  by Bruce Glassman. (1998)
 Where are the Bears  by Kay Winter. (1998)
 George and the Dragon Word  by Dianne Snyder. (1991)

Flatfoot Fox series

Flatfoot Fox and the Case of the Missing Schoolhouse by Eth Clifford (1997)
 Flatfoot Fox and the Case of the Bashful Beaver Written by Eth Clifford. (1995)
 Flatfoot Fox and the Case of the Missing Whoooo Written by Eth Clifford  (1992)
 Flatfoot Fox and the Case of the Nosy Otter Written by Eth Clifford (1992)
 Flatfoot Fox and the Case of the Missing Eye by Eth Clifford (1990)

References

External links
 Brian Lies’ Official Website

American children's writers
Living people
1963 births
Brown University alumni
School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts alumni
People from Princeton, New Jersey


Walter Stillman Martin (1862 – 1935), was an American Baptist minister who studied ministry at Harvard University. But he later switched to the denomination of Disciples of Christ. He was married to Civilla Durfee Martin (August 21, 1866 – March 9, 1948), a Canadian-American writer of many religious hymns and gospel songs. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Martin and his wife together created hymns and songs which have become widely known.  Some of her most popular pieces include "God Will Take Care of You", "One of God's Days", "Going Home", "The Old Fashioned Way", and "His Eye Is on the Sparrow".

External links

 Therestorationmovement.com
 Biography at the Cyber Hymnal

1862 births
1935 deaths
19th-century Baptist ministers from the United States
American Disciples of Christ
American Christian hymnwriters
American male songwriters


One for the Team is an indie rock group from Minneapolis, Minnesota. In 2006, the band was formed by American songwriter Ian Anderson, who is also the founder of Afternoon Records. One for the Team served as an outlet for Anderson's musical talent and songwriting that did not fit his older band Aneuretical. The band has released three full-length albums, Good Boys Don't Make Noise in 2006 on Afternoon Records, Build It Up in 2008 on The Militia Group and Afternoon Records, Ghosts in 2010 on Afternoon Records and one EP, Build A Garden in 2009. The band is completed by co-lead-vocalist and keyboard player Grace Fiddler, and drummer Elliot Manthey, and bass player Jacob Huelster.

BAND MEMBERS
Ian Anderson – Vocals and Guitar
Grace Fiddler – Vocals and Keyboard
Elliot Manthey – Drums
Jacob Huelster – Bass

History
Originally intended as an outlet for Anderson's pop-songs that didn't quite the aesthetic of his first band, Aneuretical, One for the Team started as a strictly-studio side project with Manthey and original bass player John Krueger. In 2006, One for the Team released Good Boys Don’t Make Noise on Anderson's own Afternoon Records and received a mass of critical acclaim, which moved the project from the studio and onto the stage.

Although receiving attention almost exclusively via blogs and building large fan bases in New York, Los Angeles, England, Germany and Japan, One for the Team stuck to the Midwest while Anderson finished his undergraduate degree in English at Saint Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota.

After several tours, multiple member changes, which included Bill Caperton of Ela, Sam Gerard(Voytek, Squareshooters, Musket, The Talkers, Teen Eagle)  One for the Team settled on its current lineup, which features Fiddler, Manthey and bass player Jacob Huelster, formerly of Look Down.

The addition of Fiddler was integral to what is now considered the band's sound: dual vocals. Anderson and Fiddler share vocal duties almost equally as the pair sing in unison throughout their most recent albums and during live shows. Grace Fiddler left the band The Battle Royale, to further her dreams after being in their band for four years.

Build It Up
One for the Team's second album, Build It Up, was recorded in Minneapolis, Minnesota in April 2008 at Fur Seal Studios with Rob Skoro and Joe Johnson. Released jointly by Militia Group and Afternoon Records on August 19, 2008, the album received critical acclaim and was featured by SPIN, NPR, MTV and the band recorded a Daytrotter Session in Rock Island, Ill. in December 2008. The band toured extensively after the release, visiting 38 states over180 tour dates and spent time on the road with Dressy Bessy, Frightened Rabbit, the French Kicks, So Many Dynamos, Someone Still Loves You Boris Yeltsin and Select Start.

Build A Garden
One for the Team's third studio album, Build A Garden, is an eight-song EP that was recorded by One for the Team in their apartment in Minneapolis and released by Afternoon Records. It was engineered, mixed and produced by Anderson entirely in his bedroom. Released on April 14, 2009, the EP comprises four songs from Build It Up re-arranged and re-recorded and four new songs. There was a limited pressing of 500 hand-made copies and it is available for digital download.

Recognition
One for the Team's second album, Build It Up, received critical acclaim and was featured by SPIN, NPR, MTV and the band recorded a Daytrotter Session in Rock Island, Ill. in December 2008. The band toured extensively after the release, visiting 38 states with over 180 tour dates.

Discography
 Good Boys Don't Make Noise (Afternoon Records, 2006)
 Build It Up (Afternoon Records/The Militia Group, 2008)
 Build a Garden (Afternoon Records, 2009)
 Ghosts (Afternoon Records, 2010)

References

External links
 Afternoon Records
 One for the Team on Myspace

Indie rock musical groups from Minnesota
Musical groups established in 2006


The following is a list of nicknames, aliases, sobriquets and slogans for municipalities and unincorporated communities in the U.S. state of Washington.

City nicknames can help in establishing a civic identity, helping outsiders recognize a community or attracting people to a community because of its nickname; promote civic pride; and build community unity. Nicknames and slogans that successfully create a new community "ideology or myth" are also believed to have economic value. Their economic value is difficult to measure, but there are anecdotal reports of cities that have achieved substantial economic benefits by "branding" themselves by adopting new slogans.

This list includes both official and unofficial nicknames. Some of the nicknames that were used historically may no longer be in use.
Aberdeen – Port of Missing Men
Algona – City of the Great Blue Heron
Auburn – More Than You Imagined
Bellevue – City in a Park
Bellingham
City of Subdued Excitement
Let Us Surprise You
Blaine – The Peace Arch City
Bothell – For a Day or a Lifetime
Burien – B-Town
Burlington – The Hub City
Chehalis – Rose City
Chewelah – Place For All Seasons
Colville – Washington's Most Livable Community
Cosmopolis – City of the World
Enumclaw – The Gateway to Mount Rainier
Everett – Milltown, City of Smokestacks
Forks – The Logging Capital of the World
Gig Harbor – The Maritime City
Ilwaco – By Land or By Sea
Kelso
City of Friendly People
Smelt Capital of the World
Kirkland
Gateway to Seattle (adopted in 1926)
The Little City that Could
Lynden – The Gem City
Marysville – The Strawberry City
Morton – Home of the Loggers Jubilee
Mount Vernon – The City of Tulips
Olympia
Oly
The Town (The original city nicknamed The Town)
Port Townsend, Washington  - The Key City; The City of Dreams
Poulsbo – Little Norway
Pullman – Lentil Capital
Puyallup – The Land of Generous People
Redmond – Bicycle Capital of the Northwest
Richland
The Windy Town
City Of the Bombers
Atomic City
Seattle
City of Flowers (adopted in the 1940s)
Emerald City: official since 1982
Jet City: for the prominence of the aerospace industry, especially Boeing.
Queen City (of the Pacific Northwest): official from 1869–1982Nard Jones remarked in his 1972 book Seattle (Doubleday, ), p. 354, that the nickname was "almost abandoned now because of a homosexual twist of semantics".
Sea-Town
Sedro-Woolley – Gateway to the North Cascades
Sequim – Sunny Sequim
Spokane – The Lilac City
Sumner – Rhubarb Pie CapitalClaims to Fame - Food , Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
Tacoma
America’s #1 Wired City
The City of Destiny – Applied in 1873 when Tacoma was the terminus for the Northern Pacific Railroad.Jeff Larsen, Short Trips: Revitalized city catches up to its destiny, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, March 13, 2003
Tackyoma
T-Town
Grit City
Tumwater – Green Town
Walla Walla – The City was so Nice, They Named it Twice
Wenatchee – Apple Capital of the World.
White Center
Rat City
Dub Sea
White Salmon – The Land Where the Sun Meets the Rain
Yakima – The Palm Springs of Washington

See also
 List of city nicknames in the United States
 List of cities in Washington
 List of towns in Washington
 List of census-designated places in Washington
 List of unincorporated communities in Washington

References

Washington cities and towns
Populated places in Washington (state)
City nicknames


Vericor Power Systems is a manufacturer of aeroderivative marine and industrial gas turbines based in Alpharetta, Georgia, United States. Vericor is a wholly owned subsidiary of German-based MTU Aero Engines.

History
Vericor's history began in the late 1960s with Avco Lycoming. Lycoming developed its Lycoming T55 aircraft turboshaft into the TF-40 marine gas turbine for the United States Navy's Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) assault transport hovercraft.

In 1994, the Lycoming Turbine Engine Division was acquired by AlliedSignal, becoming part of AlliedSignal Aerospace, and Honeywell Aerospace in 1999.

In 1999, AlliedSignal/Honeywell formed a joint venture with MTU Aero Engines called Vericor Power Systems LLC to manage its marine and industrial gas turbine products. In June 2002, MTU acquired full ownership of Vericor, which became a wholly owned subsidiary.

Products
Marine Propulsion
 Vericor TF40
 Vericor ETF40B
 Vericor TF50

Power generation
 VPS3M (TF40)
 VPS4M (TF50)
 VPS1 (ASE8)
 VPS3 (ASE40)
 VPS4 (ASE50)

Oil and gas mechanical drive
 VPS1 (ASE8)
 VPS3 (ASE40)
 VPS4 (ASE50)

References

External links
 Vericor website

Marine engine manufacturers
Gas turbines
Engine manufacturers of the United States


Aarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital (AVMC) is a constituent college of Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, Tamil Nadu.  It is located at Kirumampakkam in Puducherry, India.

General information
Aarupadai Veedu Medical College is a tertiary care teaching center in the ] region, U.T. of Puducherry.

Courses
AVMC offers a variety of courses. Undergraduate courses include MBBS, BSc (Nursing), BASLP (Bachelor of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology) Postgraduate courses include MD, MS, and Diploma in many specialities. The Curriculum followed is as per the Medical Council of India (MCI) Norms. The college was affiliated earlier to the Pondicherry University and is now affiliated to the Vinayaka Missions University, Salem.
The medium of instruction is English. The academic program for students include didactic lectures, small group teaching, practical, project work, demonstration of procedures and bedside clinics inclusive of history taking, physical examination and complete workup of cases. Clinical rotations include postings in all the outpatient departments. Training in community health includes postings at rural centers. Conduct regular CME and CNE programme that help medical professionals to maintain competence and learn about new and developing areas of their field.

Besides the hospital and out reach services, AVMC&H also has an infrastructure in terms of library, laboratories and student amenities such as hostel, canteen, sports and recreation facilities.

See also
List of medical schools
Medical college (India)

References

External links
Vinayaka Missions University – official site
Medical Council of India – official site
Pondicherry University – official site
AVMC – more information

Medical colleges in Puducherry


John Guice (born October 10, 1983) is a former Canadian football defensive back. He was signed by the BC Lions as a street free agent in 2008. He played college football for the UNLV Rebels.

External links
BC Lions bio
UNLV Rebels bio

1983 births
Living people
Players of Canadian football from Atlanta
Canadian football defensive backs
UNLV Rebels football players
BC Lions players


E.J. Wells is an American musician, and songwriter. Part of the punk scene of the late 1970s, he is now considered to be a Gothabilly or Cowpunk musician.

Wells has been performing live, with various bands, since 1979. His most recent project was E.J. Wells and the Bleeding Deacons.

He released an album called Rhyolite on Halloween, 2002. Other performers on the album included Rick Nease and Chris Arduser of psychodots, Graveblankets, and The Bears]. The album received praise from other musicians such as Chip Kinman of Cowboy Nation, Chris Casello of The Starlight Drifters, and Scott Shriner of Weezer.

In 2003, Wells opened Happyland, a professional music recording studio.

In 2008, Wells and Dan O'Connor wrote several original songs for an episode of Law and Order: Criminal Intent called "Reunion," and starring veteran rocker Joan Jett.

Wells' song "Hearsedriver" has made him something of a celebrity in the hearse club community. Wells, along with Zachary Byron Helm of the Denver Hearse Association created a video for the song. The video got high ratings on YouTube and was showcased on hearseclub.com.

Wells abandoned his work on a new album, but in 2009 completed a video for his song "There's Something in the Graveyard," co-starring longtime friend Scott Shriner of Weezer.

As of 2019, it's rumored Wells is in the perfume business, operating with his Happyland Studio name.

Wells died on September 19, 2023. https://www.toledoblade.com/news/deaths/2023/10/10/edward-wells-obituary/stories/20231009141

References

External links
 Hearseclub.com
 Adrian Belew and the Bears Homepage
 Ruin Records
 Hearsedriver Video on YouTube
 Rick Nease Band Homepage
 Interview with E.J. Wells on Geetan.com
 The Professional Car Society

American country singer-songwriters
American rockabilly musicians
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


Happy Tiger Records was an independent American record label that was owned by the Flying Tiger Line air freight company. Happy Tiger operated from 1969 to 1971. During this time the label produced more than two dozen albums by Count Basie, Mason Proffit, Red Rhodes, Priscilla Paris, Paul Kelly, and the Anita Kerr Singers. They released two albums by the post-Van Morrison Them band.

History
Happy Tiger's offices were located at 1801 Avenue of the Stars in Century City, Los Angeles, California. The staff included engineer and producer Ray Ruff, who had previously worked for ABC-Paramount Records. During its short existence Happy Tiger issued twenty-seven albums and numerous singles, all distributed by Era Records. The label also issued eight albums of oldies under the joint Happy Tiger/Era label, including works by Phil Baugh, Dorsey Burnette and some early Beach Boys recordings.  They also recorded singles by such veteran performers as Kay Starr, Roberta Sherwood and Joanie Sommers. By the end of October 1971, Happy Tiger's national promo chief, Dave Chackler had left to join up to Ray Ruff's record label Oak as its vice-president and man in charge of promotion merchandising. Happy Tiger's final album in 1971 was Mason Proffit's Movin' Toward Happiness. The label's final single in 1972 was Richard Berry performing a song he had written and that the Kingsmen had made famous in 1963, "Louie Louie." After Happy Tiger folded, Warner Bros. Records reissued Paul Kelly's Stealin' in the Name of the Lord in 1972, retitled Dirt. Warner also reissued the two Mason Proffit albums as a double LP, Come and Gone, in 1974.

Notable artists
Count Basie
Richard Berry
Donnie Brooks
Gib Guilbeau
Paul Kelly
Anita Kerr Singers
Baker Knight
Priscilla Paris
Keith Green
Dan Penn
Mason Proffit
Red Rhodes
Roberta Sherwood
Joanie Sommers
Kay Starr
Them

Discography

See also
Era Records
List of record labels

References

American independent record labels
Defunct record labels of the United States
Record labels established in 1969
Record labels disestablished in 1971


The City to Sea Bridge is a pedestrian bridge and public artwork located in Wellington City, New Zealand. Opened on 31 October 1993, the wedge-shaped bridge crosses arterial road Jervois Quay, connecting the public spaces of Civic Square to the Wellington waterfront precinct at Whairepo Lagoon. Around the square are the Michael Fowler Centre, Wellington Town Hall, Wellington City Art Gallery and Wellington Central Library.

Architects Rewi Thompson and John Gray were commissioned by Wellington City Council to design the bridge, and they brought in artist Paratene Matchitt to contribute to the design. The Council's brief was that the bridge should address the significance of the waterfront and public space. The bridge is adorned with non-traditional wooden sculptures carved by Matchitt, some of which form the sides of the bridge. On one side are two large birds representing welcome and festivity. On the other are two whales which can also be seen as the taniwha Ngake and Whātaitai, who according to Māori legend created Wellington Harbour. Poles on the bridge have metal shapes on them. Some represent the moon and stars, signifying celestial navigation. Other symbols on the poles are inspired by those on Te Kooti's flag Te Wepu. Matchitt's work was influenced by Te Kooti's philosophies and he used these symbols in other sculptures as well as the bridge. The whole layered bridge structure represents the uplifted and eroded landforms of Wellington and a point of arrival and change. At the Civic Square base of the bridge are two Oamaru stone sculptures by Matt Pine, titled Prow and Capital. A plaque here states:Capital and Prow

The sculptures by Matt Pine on either side of the stairs are part of a series of 10 works called Reflections on an Ancient Past. Capital (above) is based on European classical architectural elements with koru form on the edges. Prow (on the other side) depicts a Maori canoe prow with Taniko weave motif on the edges - a mix of European and Maori cultural elements.Public reaction to the bridge was mixed when it was built, but it has become a tourist attraction in its own right.
Problems with the bridge's design and construction have been ongoing. Remedial work was undertaken shortly after the bridge opened when it was found that small children could fall through gaps. Rot was discovered in 2009 and strengthening undertaken in 2010 and 2011, and then a 2019 report considered its resistance to earthquakes.

Between 15 October 2011 and 31 January 2012 protesters set up a camp on the raised grassed area on the Civic Square side of the bridge. The protest, 'Occupy Wellington', began in support of the international Occupy movement but during the occupation the focus changed to an emphasis on homelessness. The protest cost ratepayers more than $65000 in legal fees, security and repairing damage to the lawn.

References

Buildings and structures in Wellington City
Concrete bridges in New Zealand
1990s architecture in New Zealand
Bridges in the Wellington Region
Footbridges
Wellington Central, Wellington


Super Cauldron is a scrolling platform game released by Titus Software in 1992.

Gameplay

Reception

Reviews were greatly mixed between magazine reviews of the game upon its release:
 In the July 1993 issue of CU Amiga reviewer John Mather gave it a 27%, calling a new version of the game as dull and tedious.
Amiga Format gave it a 70% rating.
Amiga Action gave it 63% rating.
Amiga Computing gave it an 80% rating.
Amiga Power gave it a 26% rating.
The One Amiga gave it a 59% rating. the first time it reviewed it, and then a 71% rating in an issue the next year.
Amstrad Action gave it a 96% rating.

References

External links
Super Cauldron at MobyGames

Amiga games
1992 video games
Amstrad CPC games
Atari ST games
DOS games
Fantasy video games
Side-scrolling platform games
Video games developed in France
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video games about witchcraft


The Norfolk triller (Lalage leucopyga leucopyga) was a small passerine bird in the cuckooshrike family, Campephagidae.  It is the extinct nominate subspecies of the long-tailed triller which was endemic to Norfolk Island, an Australian territory in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand.  Little is known of its biology.

Description

The Norfolk triller was similar to other subspecies of the long-tailed triller, though it was slightly larger and had a richer buff wash on the underparts and rump and a broader white tip to the outer rectrices.

Behaviour

Breeding
Breeding was recorded in September, with eggs in December and February.  Nests were shallow and cup-shaped, made of lichen, moss and fibrous roots, and lined with finer material.  The clutch was usually two eggs.

Extinction
The triller was last recorded in 1942.  The cause of its extinction was probably predation by black rats combined with clearance of its habitat, Norfolk Island's native subtropical rainforest.

There are specimens of this bird held in the museums at Leiden, Vienna, Tring and in the H. L. White Collection at Melbourne.

References

External links
"Norfolk Island Triller Lalage leucopyga" by Paul Martinson. Artwork produced for the book Extinct Birds of New Zealand, by Alan Tennyson, Te Papa Press, Wellington, 2006

Lalage (bird)
Extinct birds of Norfolk Island
Bird extinctions since 1500
Birds described in 1838
Endemic fauna of Australia


Tuerong is a rural locality on the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,  south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Mornington Peninsula local government area. Tuerong recorded a population of 357 at the 2021 census.

Tuerong lies inland between the coastal towns of Mount Martha and Hastings, south of Moorooduc.

Geography

The predominant physical feature of the locality is the Devilbend Reservoir with a capacity of , though no longer in use for water supply purposes.

History

Tuerong was the name of a squatting run of an estimated 12000 acres that lay between Yuille's to the north, Balcombe's, Jamieson's (Special Survey) and McCrae's to the west, Coolart to the east and Tuck's to the south. William Dawson was an early squatter and was followed briefly by Hall and McKenzie and then John Miller in 1850 before Ralph Ruddell obtained the lease in about 1856. He fattened cattle on the lush pastures and had no trouble with water supply because of the network of "never-failing creeks and springs" but became insolvent by early 1861.The Butler and Brooke directory shows that Vaughan and Wild were on Tuerong in 1866-7.
The 640 acre pre-emptive right, reduced to 600 acres because of land required for Government roads, became known as Tuerong Park. It is known that J.B.Wilson was on Tuerong Park by 1874 when John and his wife, Agnes, James Firth and John McCusker were all witnesses in the case of the Schnapper Point Murder (which should have been called the Tuerong or Tubbarubba murder.)
John died and his widow Agnes died on 27 January 1894 at Tanti Rd Mornington. Later owners of Tuerong Park were: Crook, Pitt, Matthew (approx. 1907 - 1917), Andrews, Dobie, Clark, Moore, Nutchey, Paton (who named one of his racehorses Tuerong), and Edgar (who made it a venue for the polo set in the 1950s).

The Tuerong homestead, built in the late 1800s, is now the restaurant and office of the Dromana Estate at Tuerong Winery. Francis Gillett, grantee of land adjoining Tuerong Park is recalled by the name of a road near the reservoir. He designed Manyung in Mt Eliza and built Sunnyside nearby.(Shire of Mornington Heritage Study P.16.) South of his property was Thomas Renison's 240 acre grant, where a race meeting was conducted in 1868; when advertised in the Argus on 9-12-1950, it was called "Tuerong Valley" and the quarry was bringing in four pounds a week. Renison owned the Schnapper Point Hotel on the Esplanade in Mornington (The Royal). Other pioneers of the Tuerong area were James Connell, John McCusker and Peter White (whose son in law, John Bourne, later had the same farm for another 50 years). Old Moorooduc Rd was known for countless decades as Three Chain Rd and was originally the main road to Dromana. The name came about because the road was three chains or 60 metres wide. (Most details come from articles from the Argus found in the National Library's "Trove".Details about Rennison and Gillett from the heritage study and the race meeting details from P. 109 of A Dreamtime of Dromana.)

See also
List of Melbourne suburbs
Mornington Peninsula

References

Shire of Mornington Peninsula


Cathro may refer to
an unincorporated community in Maple Ridge Township, Alpena County, Michigan, U.S.
Ian Cathro (born 1986), Scottish football coach
Warwick Cathro (born 1948), Australian librarian


Andrew Jones (born October 29, 1982) is a Canadian retired professional football player who was an offensive lineman for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Jones was drafted by the Lions in the fourth round of the 2007 CFL Draft. He is a three-time Grey Cup champion, having won with three different teams in a span of five years, 2011, 2012, and 2015. He played CIS football for the McMaster Marauders.

Professional career
Jones was drafted as a defensive lineman (his position with McMaster) by the BC Lions 32nd overall in the 2007 CFL Draft. He spent 2007 on the practice roster and all of 2008 injured, but became more of a mainstay in 2009 as he went on to play in 36 games over three seasons with the Lions. After winning his first Grey Cup in 2011, he was then signed by the Toronto Argonauts as a free agent on March 2, 2012. He won another Grey Cup with Toronto and spent two seasons in total there until he signed with the Edmonton Eskimos, also as a free agent, on February 11, 2014. He spent the 2016 season with the Saskatchewan Roughriders and remained out of football until he was signed the following year by the Lions again on August 8, 2017.

References

External links
BC Lions bio
Saskatchewan Roughriders bio
Edmonton Eskimos bio
Toronto Argonauts bio

1982 births
Living people
BC Lions players
Canadian football offensive linemen
Edmonton Elks players
McMaster Marauders football players
Players of Canadian football from Ontario
Canadian football people from Toronto
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Toronto Argonauts players


The Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea ( Konstytutsiya Avtonomnoyi Respubliky Krym;  Konstitutsiya Avtonomnoy Respubliki Krym) is the basic law of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a republic on the Crimean peninsula as part of Ukraine. The constitution establishes the republic's status and authority within Ukraine. It granted Crimea the right to draft a budget and manage its own property.

During the 2014 Crimean crisis, a disputed referendum led to the repeal of the constitution by the Crimean government, as part of the process by which the territory was annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. The Ukrainian government has not recognized this annexation, and still recognizes the constitution as active.

1992 Constitution

After a referendum on 20 January 1991, Crimea regained its status as an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. As this was months before August's Declaration of Independence of Ukraine Crimea was at the time part of the Ukrainian SSR which was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union.

In 26 February 1992, the Crimean parliament changed the name of the region from the Crimean ASSR into the Republic of Crimea and the Ukrainian government with the objective of allowing them more self-governance. On 5 May 1992, parliament declared Crimea independent, which was yet to be approved by a referendum to be held 2 August 1992. On 6 May 1992, the same parliament inserted a new sentence into this constitution stating that Crimea was part of Ukraine. The Ukrainian parliament convened on May 15, annulled the Crimean declaration of independence and gave the Crimean parliament one week to cancel the referendum. In June 1992, the parties reached a compromise, Crimea would be designated the status of "Autonomous Republic" and granted special economic status, contingent on Crimea's amendment of its constitution including proclaiming the peninsula an autonomous integral part of Ukraine. The revised Constitution of Crimea was adopted on September 25, 1992.

Drafting of a new constitution

In May 1994, the Crimean parliament voted to restore the May 1992 Constitution. In September 1994, President of Crimea Yuriy Meshkov and parliament decided to write a new constitution. On 17 March 1995, the Verkhovna Rada abolished the May 1992 Constitution and the post of President of Crimea. From June until September 1995, Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma governed Crimea under a direct presidential administration decree. In October 1995, the Crimean parliament adopted a new Constitution which was not recognized by the Ukrainian national authorities until April 1996 when significant amendments were suggested. A fifth draft law of the October 1995 constitution was ratified on 21 October 1998 at the second session of the Crimean Verkhovna Rada (parliament). The Verkhovna Rada confirmed this constitution on 23 December 1998. (Article 135 of the Ukrainian Constitution provides that the Crimean Constitution must be approved by the Ukrainian parliament.) It came into effect on 12 January 1999.

During the Crimean Crisis, the Crimean authority repealed the 1998 Crimean Constitution after the 2014 Crimean status referendum.

Anomalies
The Crimean parliament had no right of legislative initiative.

References

External links

 Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea at the official site of the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea)

Politics of Crimea
Crimea


ABC Afterschool Special is an American anthology television series that aired on ABC from October 4, 1972, to January 23, 1997, usually in the late afternoon on weekdays. Most episodes were dramatically presented situations, often controversial, of interest to children and teenagers. Several episodes were either in animated form or presented as documentaries. Topics included illiteracy, substance abuse and teenage pregnancy. The series won 51 Daytime Emmy Awards and four Peabody Awards during its 25-year run.

In 2004 and 2005, BCI Eclipse and Sunset Home Visual Entertainment issued six DVD collections of episodes from the series that had been produced by Martin Tahse, each collection containing four episodes. A boxed set, in the shape of a school bus, was also released containing all of the DVD releases, with a detailed information booklet of all the specials on the set and including an extra DVD of two specials that had previously not been released on DVD.

Episodes

Season 1 (1972–73)

Season 2 (1973–74)

Season 3 (1974–75)

Season 4 (1975–76)

Season 5 (1976–77)

Season 6 (1977–78)

Season 7 (1978–79)

Season 8 (1979–80)

Season 9 (1980–81)

Season 10 (1981–82)

Season 11 (1982–83)

Season 12 (1983–84)

Season 13 (1984–85)

Season 14 (1985–86)

Season 15 (1986–87)

Season 16 (1987–88)

Season 17 (1988–89)

Season 18 (1989–90)

Season 19 (1990–91)

Season 20 (1991–92)

Season 21 (1992–93)

Season 22 (1993–94)

Season 23 (1994–95)

Season 24 (1995–96)

Season 25 (1996–97)

Notes

Reception
In 1993, TV Guide named the series the best kids' show of the 1980s.

See also
 ABC Weekend Special
 The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie
 After school special
 CBS Schoolbreak Special
 Special Treat

References

External links

1972 American television series debuts
1997 American television series endings
1970s American anthology television series
1980s American anthology television series
1990s American anthology television series
1970s American children's television series
1980s American children's television series
1990s American children's television series
American Broadcasting Company original programming
American television series with live action and animation
English-language television shows
Peabody Award-winning television programs
Television series about teenagers


Michael Quinn (born 26 January 1990) is a Gaelic footballer for the Killoe Young Emmets club and the Longford county team. He is also a former professional Australian rules footballer with Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Quinn is notable as holding the record for the quickest conversion of a former GAA player to play in the AFL, taking the record from Martin Clarke and having made his AFL debut just weeks after arriving in Australia.

Early life
Quinn went to primary school in Scoil Mhuire, Newtownforbes. He grew up in Killoe, County Longford. He plays Gaelic football with the Killoe Young Emmets, and made his Club Senior Championship debut in 2008, where he helped his club reach the Longford Senior Championship semi final. In addition he also played for the Longford minor team in the Leinster Minor Championship in the same year, reaching the Leinster semi final.

In August 2008, Quinn arrived in Melbourne for a two-week trial with Essendon.  After impressing talent scouts he returned to Ireland but was invited to return to Australia in November to be signed as an international rookie on 16 November.

AFL career
Initially expected to be groomed through the Victorian Football League affiliate the Bendigo Bombers, Quinn showed prodigious progress with the oval ball, with a standout performance in an early intra-club match.  After the match, Matthew Knights insisted on Quinn training with the senior side.  His form saw him selected into the Essendon side for the 2009 NAB Cup in a match initially scheduled to be played in Darwin, Northern Territory but was moved to Melbourne to become a tribute match for the Black Saturday bushfires.  Quinn's Australian host family had already made travel plans and took him to Darwin in the run up to his debut match.

There he impressed enough with his pace, evasive skills and ability to earn possessions to be elevated to the senior list in place of injured Scott Gumbleton on 2 April and selected in the senior side for round 2 of the premiership season.

His debut was considered a standout for an Irish convert by football and media commentators, racking up 20 possessions, including 8 kicks, 12 handballs and 4 marks.  Former Irish Australian rules footballer Jim Stynes described the debut as "phenomenal" and that he believed that Quinn will "hopefully have a long career" in the AFL.

Gaelic football career
In 2012 Quinn returned to Ireland and joined up with the Longford county team. Having won the National Football League Division 4 title in 2011, Longford played in Division 3 the following year and went on to win the National Football League Division 3 title with a win over Wexford with Quinn playing at centre back in the final. Quinn captained the Longford senior football team from 2020 to 2022. He was nominated for an All Star award in 2012, won a Sigerson Cup with DCU in 2014/15 season and was capped in the International Rules Series in 2015. Since his return in 2012, Quinn has won five Longford Senior Football Championship titles with his club Killoe Young Emmets in 2012, 2014, 2015, 2019 and 2020, captaining the winning side in 2015. He also won three Longford Senior League titles (Leader Cup) with Killoe Young Emmets in 2012, 2014 and 2015.

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
VFL/AFL players born outside Australia
Essendon Football Club players
Gaelic football backs
Gaelic footballers who switched code
Irish international rules football players
Irish players of Australian rules football
Irish expatriate sportspeople in Australia
Killoe Young Emmets Gaelic footballers
Longford inter-county Gaelic footballers
Bendigo Football Club players


Niuman José Romero (born January 24, 1985) is a Venezuelan professional baseball infielder who is a free agent. He made his major league debut on September 8, 2009, with the Cleveland Indians and also has played with the Boston Red Sox.

Career

Cleveland Indians
Romero was originally signed by the Cleveland Indians as an amateur free agent on November 20, 2002. In 2005, he officially joined the Indians organization and played for the rookie-level Burlington Indians. The following season he played for the Single-A Lake County Captains, hitting .228/.319/.274 in 114 games. Romero split the 2007 season between Lake County and the High-A Kinston Indians, hitting a combined .231/.359/.306 in 81 games between the two teams. Romero returned to Kinston in 2008 and slashed .296/.351/.403 with 6 home runs and 53 RBI in 108 games. Romero was assigned to the Double-A Akron Aeros to begin the 2009 season, and was later promoted to the Triple-A Columbus Clippers.

On September 8, 2009, Romero was selected to the 40-man roster and promoted to the major leagues for the first time. He made his MLB debut that day, going 0-for-1 against the Texas Rangers. In his debut campaign, Romero appeared in 10 major league games, going 2-for-14 with a walk. On October 30, 2009, Romero was outrighted off of the 40-man roster and assigned to Triple-A Columbus. Romero was invited to Spring Training in 2010 but did not make the team and was assigned to Columbus to begin the year.

Boston Red Sox
On May 1, 2010, Romero was acquired by the Boston Red Sox in exchange for cash considerations. He was assigned to the Triple-A Pawtucket Red Sox upon being acquired. On July 2, 2010, he was called up to replace Ángel Sánchez, who was traded to the Houston Astros for Kevin Cash. He only appeared in two games for the Red Sox in 2010 before he was designated for assignment and returned to the minors. Romero finished the year hitting .246/.314/.311 in 99 games for Pawtucket and elected free agency on October 15.

Toronto Blue Jays
On March 1, 2011 Romero signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays. Romero was assigned to the Triple-A Las Vegas 51s to begin the season, and 4-for-25 in 8 games for the team.

Philadelphia Phillies
Romero was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies on May 25, 2011, for cash considerations. Romero played in 34 games for the Double-A Reading Phillies, also receiving a hitless at-bat for the Triple-A Lehigh Valley IronPigs, and hit .239/.312/.266 with no home runs and 11 RBI before he was released on July 13, 2011.

New York Mets
On July 16, 2011, Romero signed a minor league contract with the New York Mets and was assigned to the Double-A Binghamton Mets. Romero slashed .243/.295/.282 with no home runs and 12 RBI in 32 games for Binghamton. He elected free agency on November 2, 2011.

Detroit Tigers
On January 10, 2012, Romero signed a minor league contract with the Detroit Tigers organization. He spent the year with the Double-A Erie SeaWolves and batted .300/.367/.421 with 9 home runs and 67 RBI in 35 games with the team. He elected free agency following the season on November 2.

Baltimore Orioles
On December 14, 2012, Romero signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles organization that included an invitation to Spring Training. He did not make the team and split the 2012 season between the Double-A Bowie Baysox and Triple-A Norfolk Tides, hitting a cumulative .267/.367/.356 in 117 games. He elected free agency on November 4, 2013.

On January 27, 2014, Romero signed a minor league deal with the Colorado Rockies, but was released prior to the season on March 27. He re-signed with the Orioles on a new minor league contract on April 2, 2014. Romero spent the year with Double-A Bowie and slashed .320/.417/.417 with 5 home runs and 48 RBI in 130 games. He became a free agent following the season.

Oakland Athletics
On November 26, 2014, Romero signed a minor league contract with the Oakland Athletics organization that included an invitation to Spring Training. He was assigned to the Triple-A Nashville Sounds to begin the year, but was released on August 5, 2015 after hitting .278/.363/.325 in 72 games.

New York Mets (second stint)
On January 21, 2016, Romero signed a minor league deal to return to the New York Mets organization. Romero split the 2016 season between the Triple-A Las Vegas 51s and Double-A Binghamton Mets, recording a .248/.331/.317 slash with 1 home run and 21 RBI in 90 total games. He became a free agent following on November 7, 2016.

Algodoneros de Unión Laguna
On April 3, 2019, Romero signed with the Algodoneros de Unión Laguna of the Mexican League. In 86 games for the team, Romero batted .323/.381/.452 with 5 home runs and 50 RBI. Romero was released by the Algodoneros following the season on January 30, 2020. After the 2020 season, he played for Caribes de Anzoátegui of the Liga Venezolana de Béisbol Profesional(LVMP). He has also played for Venezuela in the 2021 Caribbean Series.

El Águila de Veracruz
On February 4, 2022, Romero signed with El Águila de Veracruz of the Mexican League. He was released on January 19, 2023.

See also
 List of Major League Baseball players from Venezuela

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Akron Aeros players
Algodoneros de Unión Laguna players
Binghamton Mets players
Boston Red Sox players
Bowie Baysox players
Burlington Indians players (1986–2006)
Caribes de Anzoátegui players
Caribes de Oriente players
Cleveland Indians players
Columbus Clippers players
El Águila de Veracruz players
Erie SeaWolves players
Kinston Indians players
Las Vegas 51s players
Lake County Captains players
Lehigh Valley IronPigs players
Major League Baseball infielders
Major League Baseball players from Venezuela
Nashville Sounds players
Norfolk Tides players
Pawtucket Red Sox players
Sportspeople from Barcelona, Venezuela
Reading Phillies players
Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in the United States
Yaquis de Obregón players


Shanmuga Nadar (1903-1969) was an Indian entrepreneur from the southern city of Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu. He along with his cousin Ayya Nadar is credited for transforming the small village of Sivakasi into a thriving industrial town. He was the founder of Kakka (or Kaliswari) firework industry.  He was the chairman of Sivakasi municipality between 1952 and 1955. In 1922, he along with Ayya Nadar went to Calcutta to learn matchmaking and opened industries in Sivakasi upon their return.

References

1903 births
1969 deaths
Tamil businesspeople


Smith v Leech Brain & Co [1962] 2 QB 405 is a landmark English tort law case in negligence, concerning remoteness of damage or causation in law. It marked the establishment of the eggshell skull rule, the idea that an individual is held responsible for the full consequences of his negligence, regardless of extra, or special damage caused to others.

Facts
The defendant company employed the plaintiff victim as a galvaniser whose duties included using a crane to lift metal items and immerse them into a tank of molten zinc. While doing so, an object spattered out from the tank and burned him on the lip. This burn was the "promoting agent" of a cancer from which he died three years later.
The employer's negligence in respect to the burn was not disputed, and was determined to have caused the claimant's death. The important legal issue, however, was that the claimant had a predisposition to the cancer in his skin tissue. The issue for the court to resolve was whether the cancer was too remote from the original negligence for the claimant to be allowed compensation.

Judgement
It was held that the defendants had been negligent and were therefore liable for damages to the complainant.

Lord Parker stated:

The ratio decidendi is that a tortfeasor is liable for negligent damage, even when the claimant had a predisposition that made that damage more severe than it otherwise would have been.

 This strict liability approach in negligence now applies ONLY to personal injury;
 To claim for damage to property, the claimant must now show that the loss is foreseeable.
 Claiming for economic loss, typically an "assumption of responsibility" must be proven.

Other Cases
The following were considered by the court in deciding this case:
Dulieu v White & Sons [1901] 2 KB 669
Re Polemis & Furniss, Withy & Co Ltd
Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v The Miller Steamship Co (Wagon Mound No. 2)

Several cases have since referred to or applied this case:
Tremain v Pike [1969] 3 All ER 1303
Wieland v Cyril Lord Carpets Ltd 	[1969] 3 All ER 1006
Vacwell Engineering Co Ltd v BDH Chemicals Ltd 3 All ER 1681,
Robinson v Post Office [1974] 2 All ER 737
Brice v Brown [1984] 1 All ER 997
Dean v Gallaher Ltd [1995] NI 229

See also
 Barnett v Chelsea & Kensington Hospital

References

English tort case law
High Court of Justice cases
1962 in case law
1962 in British law


Following the occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany in the summer of 1941, the Daugavpils Ghetto () was established in an old fortress near Daugavpils. Daugavpils is the second largest city in Latvia, located on the Daugava River in the southeastern, Latgale, region of Latvia. The city was militarily important as a major road and railway junction. Before World War II, Daugavpils was the center of a thriving Jewish community in the Latgale region and one of the most important centers of Jewish culture in eastern Europe. Over the course of the German occupation of Latvia, the vast majority of the Jews of Latgale were killed as a result of the Nazi extermination policy.

Nomenclature
The city of Daugavpils is also known by the Russian name of Dvinsk and the German name of Dünaburg. Many of the killings associated with the ghetto occurred in the nearby Pagulanka forest, which is also seen spelled as Polulanka and Pogulianski. Although known as a "ghetto", this old fortress was converted into a prison to hold Jews on a temporary basis before they were killed in the Pagulanka forest.  Similar places in Latvia were called "concentration camps".

The Holocaust begins in Daugavpils
At that time, about 12,000 Jews lived in Daugavpils. In front of the German army, a huge column of refugees, including not only Jews from Lithuania, but Red Army soldiers separated from their units, began to move northeast on the highway from Kaunas (also known as Kovno) to Daugavpils, where the refugees expected to find safety or perhaps board a train for the east. Some Jewish refugees managed to reach the Soviet border, but they were prevented from crossing by NKVD guards. Eventually some were allowed to cross, but it was too late for most.

Following several days of aerial bombardment, the German army captured Daugavpils on June 26, 1941, but there was still fighting in the near vicinity for several days. A fire burned in the city, which the Nazis later chose to blame on the Jews. According to EK 1b's official report:

On June 29, 1941, at the order of Robert Blūzmanis, who had been appointed by the Germans as the police chief of the Latvian police in Daugavpils, large signs were posted around the city announcing in German, Russian and Latvian that all Jewish males below the age of 60 were to report that morning to the main marketplace, failure to do so would be met with "the maximum penalty." Some of them were put to work burying the bodies of civilians and Red Army soldiers killed in the fighting, and later, dead horses. Many others were forced to dig their own graves and simply murdered outright.

Early killings
Mass killings of Jews in Latvia were part of an overall plan developed at the highest level of the German government. Aspects of the plan as it was applied to Latvia had been applied in other countries, such as burning of synagogues (Germany) and ghettoization (Poland). Latvia presented a new development in the Holocaust, which was the implementation of mass killings immediately upon the occupation of a country.

The Sicherheitsdienst (SD) attempted to stir up local anti-Jewish feeling by forcing Jews to dig up mass graves of Latvians who had been murdered by the NKVD in the Soviet occupation that had begun in June 1940. This was part of an overall SD plan to associate the Jews with Communism and Russians, both unpopular in Latvia. Latvian guards at early executions would ask the Jews waiting to be executed if they felt like singing "Katyusha". (Katyusha was a popular Russian patriotic song of World War II.)

On June 28, 1941, two days after the fall of Daugavpils, the Nazis rounded up Jews in a synagogue, and then took them out and shot them. Other Jews were randomly murdered simply walking down the street. On Sunday June 29, 1941, the German army began rounding up Jewish men in Daugavpils to subject them to terror, humiliation and imprisonment under brutal and overcrowded conditions. At gun point the Germans made them shout "Heil Hitler", and sing Deutschland über alles. Survivors reported:

The Germans accused them of setting fire to Daugavpils. According to Stahlecker's official report:

Jews in general and Lithuanian refugees in particular were accused of being communists. On July 8, 1941, a newspaper in Daugavpils (Daugavpils Latviešu Avīze), published an editorial consistent with the German efforts to blame the Jews for communist atrocities:

As time went on, increased numbers of Latvian auxiliary police guarded the prison where the Jewish men were held. By July 8, the work had become so hard that the Jews were literally being worked to death. One assignment included rolling huge blocks of stone to the top of a hill, another including carrying heavy timbers several kilometers.  German guards struck prisoners with whips at will. Later, the expression arose among the widows of the men who were rounded up and killed on June 29 about their husbands that, "'he was taken way to prison that First Sunday.'"

Railroad Park massacre
By July 7, 1941, the Latvia police had arrested about 1,250 people, including 1,125 Jews, and were holding them in the main prison in Daugavpils. Erich Ehrlinger, the commander of Einsatzkommando Ib, was tried in a West German court in the 1960s. The court found that four early massacres had occurred in Daugavpils, including two in a place matching the description of 'Railroad Park', also called the Railwayman's Garden (Latvian: Dzelzceļniecki dārzs), one at the army training grounds near Mežciems, and another near a cemetery about a half hour's walking distance to the north of the city. Professor Ezergailis believed these may not have been properly described to the court.

Iwens, a survivor of the Railroad Park massacre, gives one of the few descriptions of it. On July 8, 1941, the Germans forced a detail of Jews to dig ditches in the Railroad Park, The next day, July 9, the Germans began shooting Jews and pushing the bodies into the ditches. The sound of gunshots, occurring at regular intervals, could be heard in the city. Among the murdered was one man who tried to explain to a guard that he was a decorated veteran of the German army from the First World War. While the guards in this operation were Latvian, the supervisors were entirely German. One German officer hummed the Beer Barrel Polka in between shooting people in the back of the head. The Germans filled-in all the trenches dug on July 8 with the bodies of the persons murdered on July 9, but there were still a lot of people left alive whom they had intended to kill. At the end of the killings on July 8, the survivors were put to work digging new graves and tamping down the earth over the bodies in the previous trenches. The next day, July 10, the killings resumed. The survivor Iwens reported after the war what he had learned from another survivor, Haim Kuritzky, about what occurred at the pits:

Kuritsky was saved when the Germans turned out to have miscalculated the number of bodies they could place in the pits:

Anyone not working fast enough to cover the bodies was ordered to lie down on them and was shot by the German officer, who screamed at them "faster, faster", and raved hysterically against the Jews.
The number killed is unclear. Iwens, who while present, was trying to survive, said "thousands" were killed. The Germans reported killing 1,150 Jews by July 11. The Germans later separated from those who identified themselves as craftsmen, such as carpenters, from the professionals. Some of the craftsmen were kept alive for a while, but the professionals were killed immediately. After the Railroad Park massacre, few Germans were seen in the area of the prison, which was run for the most part by the Latvian auxiliary police.

Measures against Jews
Roberts Blūzmanis, the Latvian police chief in Daugavpils, carried out the SD's wishes for certain Jewish restrictions. It was Blūzmanis, acting for the SD, who ordered that all Jews in Daugavpils over four years of age wear six-pointed yellow stars on the front and back of their clothing. According to Stahlecker, chief of Einsatzgruppe A:
 Later, the Nazis forbade Jews to use the sidewalks, to speak to non-Jews and to read newspapers. Frankel-Zaltzman reported being shouted at as she and her parents were driven out of their home: "Nobody dare step on the sidewalk! Yudn [Jews] must run in the middle of the road like dogs!"

Construction of the ghetto
Construction of the ghetto began on July 18, 1941, as confirmed by Stahlecker himself: "Apart from organizing and carrying out measures of execution, the creation of Ghettos was begun in the larger towns at once during the first days of operations.". Jewish forced labor was used to build the ghetto, which was not an actual housing district, but rather a decrepit fortress on the west side of the Daugava river, a short distance just to the northwest of the suburb of Griva, across from the main city of Daugavpils.: "In July, as the initial wave of shootings subsided, the local Germans and their Latvian counterparts rounded up some 14,000 Jews from Daugavpils and the outlying areas of Latgale and crammed them into the old Daugavpils fort, 'the Citadel'."

Forced relocation to the ghetto
On July 25, 1941, the Germans issued an order that all Jews were to relocate to the ghetto by the next day. In addition to all the Jews of Daugavpils, those assembled on July 26, were to be marched into the fortress, including Jews from Lithuania and from the area surrounding Daugavpils. Frankel-Zaltzman described the scene:

Some had been forced to walk up to 50 kilometers. The Latvian guards enforced their commands by beating the workers with clubs that were four or five feet long. Among other things, Jews were beaten if they smiled upon recognizing another Jewish prisoner. Iwens, an eyewitness, reported that "many women had to cope with their children and aged parents all by themselves, for their men had been killed in the prison massacre."

Perpetrators
Einsatzgruppe A was assigned by Reinhard Heydrich to kill the Jews of the Baltic states, including Latvia. Franz Walter Stahlecker was in command of Einsatzgruppen A. It operated in smaller squads known as Einsatzkommandos. Latgale and Daugavpils were assigned to Einsatzkommando 1b, who, under Erich Ehrlinger, had killed about 1,150 people, mostly Jews, by July 11, 1941. Ehrlinger's successor as of about July 11, was Joachim Hamann, who killed 9,012 Jews in Daugavpils, including many brought in from small towns in southern Latgale before he was reassigned on August 22.

The chief of the local auxiliary police, Robert Blūzmanis, was in charge of the local Latvian auxiliary police. His role in the killings was to confine the Jews to the Grīva fortress ghetto and move them out to the killing places. Latvian self-defence men and Arājs murderers were also involved. It appears that Latvian police from the Daugavpils municipality were also involved. One of the precinct chiefs, Arvīds Sarkanis, wrote explicitly of "the liquidation of the Jews", providing the most detailed account of the participation of the Latvian police.

Zaube, the German commandant of the Daugavpils ghetto, stood out for his extreme cruelty. He executed people who infringed his many rules, especially those who had smuggled in food, on the inner square of the ghetto in front of all inmates to frighten and to intimidate them. It was in Daugavpils that the liquidation of ghetto inmates started. From November 8 to 10 1941, 3,000 people were killed in Mežciems. The operation was headed by Obersturmbannführer (Lieutenant-Colonel) Günter Tabbert, who was then 25.

Participation by local Latvians in the Daugavpils killings and ghettoization was initially minimal; but after two weeks of the German occupation, it became extensive. A Latvian SD unit was set up in Daugavpils, as well as a unit of auxiliary police. Along with the SD, these organizations persecuted, confined and eventually killed the Jews of the Daugavpils ghetto, but the precise extent of their involvement is unclear, because for the major killings, the Arājs commando would be brought in from Riga.

July and August killings

Ruse employed
In the parlance of the perpetrators and the victims, the German word "aktion" (literally, action) came to mean "mass shooting." 'Actions' went on continuously in the Daugavpils area from late July when the ghetto was formed, until near the end of August. On August 1, 1941, Jewish ghetto police announced that a new camp had been prepared not far from the ghetto, and directed that Jews not residents of Daugavpils were to gather their belongings and relocate there. According to Frankel-Zaltzman:

Other sources state that it was the old and sick who were called upon to report in the first action; the date was July 27, 1941. Thousands of people were crammed into the small old fortress, with only two water taps, almost no sanitary facilities, and no food. Many people were naturally anxious to leave.  A column of 2,000 people was quickly formed up, and marched out under the guard of Latvian auxiliary police. A few days later, possibly on August 6, a similar offer was extended to all parents with small children, with similar results.

Murder in the forest
Instead of going to a new camp, these columns were marched to a set of prepared graves at a former Latvian army training ground in the Pogulianka woods, near the resort of Mežciems, where Germans and Latvian auxiliaries shot the people and pushed their bodies into previously excavated pits. It was reported however that babies were not shot, but simply thrown into a pit and buried alive. By July 28, 1941, old and sick people had also been taken out of the ghetto in a separate incident. They were also murdered. The earthen cover heaped on the graves was quite thin, and two boys only slightly wounded and on the top of the heaped bodies dug themselves out and escaped. Use of the forested area to conceal the murders was typical of mass shootings in Latvia; the murders in the Railroad Park were an exception.
The executioners were often quite drunk. During the first two weeks in August, 1941, the SD, carried out additional "selections" at the ghetto, choosing who would live and who would die. There were also major actions on August 18 and 19. Mothers, children, the aged and the sick were generally picked to die. In particular there was a massacre of 400 children from an orphanage. The only security appeared to be being selected for work by the Germans, which required a document known as a Schein to prove that a person was working for a German military unit. While a Schein was not a guarantee against execution, lack of one was almost certain to lead to death. As units moved to the front, it became more difficult to procure a Schein.

Number of victims
As a result of various Aktions in August, the ghetto population had been reduced to about 6,000 to 7,000 people. According to Nazi Karl Jäger, a component of Einsatzkommando 3 had killed 9,012 Jews in Daugavpils between July 13 and August 21, 1941. Another Nazi report states that 9,256 Jews were executed in Daugavpils up to October 15, 1941. There was a halt in the actions for 10 weeks after August 22, 1941, when Hamann was reassigned and Obersturmbannführer Günter Hugo Friedrich Tauber took over. He was then 25 years old.

Life in the ghetto

Jewish administration
The ghetto was not a ghetto in the sense of a city district mandated or set aside by custom for Jews. It was an improvised prison, to hold the Jews until they could be done away with. The Jews formed their own "committee" (komitet, sometimes translated "council") of about 12 inmates, mostly professional and well-known people, to run the internal affairs of the ghetto, which at first had more than 14,000 people. Misha Movshenzon (also spelled Mowshenson), an engineer, was the leader of the committee. (Another source says Movshenzon was on the committee but gives Mosche Galpern as the chairman.) Movshenzon's father had been in charge of the city of Daugavpils in 1918, when the Germans occupied the city during World War I. Jews from other towns and villages of Latgalia and as far away as Vidzeme province were forced into the ghetto. Men and women were separated in the ghetto. Some income from the labor of the Jews was allocated to the Jewish Council.

Treatment by the Germans
Skilled workmen were housed separately and received better treatment, including better rations. Survivors record that cruelty was not universal. Iwens reported a number of instances of kind treatment from, among others, a German airman, who was shocked by the suffering of the children in the ghetto. His brother (later among the murdered), similarly was well-treated by a German unit where he worked in the kitchen. On another occasion, two German soldiers, aware that the SD was selecting for execution Jews who had no work, pretended they were needed for work with their unit, thus saving, at least for a while, a group of about 30 people. Iwens described the situation from his point of view as a Jew who had been allowed to live as a skilled worker:

Another survivor, Frankel-Zaltzman, described how the last survivors of the ghetto learned from a German soldier that they would not be massacred, as they had feared, on June 26, 1942, which was the one-year anniversary of the fall of Daugavpils:

No matter what, the relationship between Jews and Germans remained strange at best: "Regardless of how friendly a German became with a Jew, awareness that one had absolute power over the other made such an association seem unnatural."

Individual executions
The German authorities enforced discipline in the Daugavpils ghetto by hanging people who were perceived as violating their many rules:
 A Jewish Ghetto police force enforced these rules. On at least one occasion, the police chief, one Pasternak, in early 1942, carried out a hanging, although it was perceived that he was reluctant to do so. In that case, the body of the executed woman, Mina Gittelson, whose crime was walking on the sidewalk and not in the street, and not wearing the Jewish badge, was left hanging for three days.  Another source says that she had resisted the advances of the manager at the hotel where she worked, and he pressed the charges of illegal trading against her in retaliation. Also executed was 48-year-old Chaya Mayerova (other sources give her name as Meyorvich and Mejerow), who was shot before the assembled ghetto inhabitants for exchanging a piece of cloth for two kilograms of flour.

Sealing of the ghetto
A few days after the November massacre, the ghetto was closed, or in the bureaucratic term, "quarantined". This meant that the few people who were authorized to leave the ghetto to work in the city could no longer do so. This cut off their ability to smuggle in food. People died of hunger. Typhus epidemics broke out in December 1941 and in February 1942, killing additional occupants.

November shootings
By the end of September 1941, the Nazis had killed about 30,000 Jews in Latvia, mostly in small towns.  Three large population centers of Jews still remained, at Riga, Liepāja, and Daugavpils.  From November 7 to 9, 1941, the Germans killed most of the remaining Jews in the Daugavpils ghetto. The number of victims is in some dispute. Valdis Lumans gives a total of 3,000. Professor Ezergailis accepts the Nazi figure of 1,134, but this was based on a source which apparently refers to shootings on a single day - November 9, 1941. The shootings in this case, of about 3,000 people, were committed by the Arājs commando under German supervision, and may have been intended as a trial run for the much larger Rumbula massacre near Riga on November 30 and December 8, 1941.
A survivor who was working in the ghetto hospital at the time later described the scene:

A few people were able to survive by hiding in locations, including latrine wells, within the old fortress. Others were hidden in the hospital by the nurses, at mortal risk to themselves. In the four months from July to November 1941, the Nazis killed at least 15,000 Jews in Daugavpils. Of the several thousand people in the ghetto, only about 900 remained alive after the November shootings. Following the November massacre, a number of Jews with work permits were stationed (kasierniert or "barracked") outside the ghetto at the larger older fortress, sometimes called the citadel, on the north side of the Daugava River. Here they performed various labor services for the German army, and although they were not paid and food was scarce, they were treated better than the Jews who were confined to the ghetto. Because the citadel was under the administration of the German army, Latvian auxiliary police units were not seen.

Associated German and Latvian units
The following units of the German army were associated with the Daugavpils ghetto or the administration of forced labor:
 Army Barracks Administration (Heeresunterkunft Verwaltung) No. 322. This organization was responsible for supervising Jews working in warehouses and workshops unloading, cleaning, sorting and repairing the uniforms of wounded German soldiers.
 Army Barracks Administration (Heeresunterkunft Verwaltung) No. 200. Forty Jewish women worked for this organization, whose duties included cleaning the rooms of German officers.
 Army Construction Service Department (Heeresbaudienststelle) No. 100.

May 1 liquidation

On May 1, 1942, there were about 1,500 survivors in the Griva fortress/ghetto. Rudolf Lange, commander of the SD in Latvia, gave an order to Tabbert to liquidate the ghetto. Tabbert's men, and the Arājs commando, entered the ghetto in the morning after the working Jews had been marched out to the job sites.
The Nazis conducted another "selection" that day, killing the great majority of Jews in the ghetto. One source states there were 375 survivors of the May 1 selection. Others state that of the Jews in the old fortress on the west side of the river, only one or two survived May 1. The May 1 selection followed the pattern of assembling the people to be executed, then marching them out to the Pogulianka Forest, where they were all shot and shoved into pre-dug mass graves.  According to Iwens, who was at the citadel, and heard the story a few days later:

Extraordinary brutality accompanied the May 1 killings. Among other things, the Nazis executed the older children in the ghetto itself by lining them up against a wall and shooting them.  Eyewitness Maja Zarch, quoted in Gilbert, stated the following:

Following the May 1 shootings, of the 16,000 Jews in Daugavpils at the time the city fell to the Germans, there remained alive about 250 working in the citadel and 180 to 200 who were working in the city. There were only "a couple" of small Jewish children left alive. (Another source says 1,000 inmates were left in the ghetto.)

Transfer to Kaiserwald
In late October 1943, there were still a few Jews housed in the Citadel who were working for the German army. On October 28, the Nazis and Latvian auxiliaries rounded up these people and transferred them to the Kaiserwald concentration camp. By this time, some of the Jews had managed to find or buy arms, and there was resistance to this action. Others killed their family members and then themselves to prevent being taken. A few escaped or hid, some with the help of at least two German soldiers, one named Liederman, the other Bruendl. A very small number (said to be 26 total), were permitted to stay on in the Citadel to work for the German army. On December 4, 1943, the Latvia police arrested these last Jews, leaving only three survivors who were still in hiding in the Citadel.

Number of victims
The precise number of victims is not clear. Iwens estimated there were 16,000 Jews living in Daugavpils and only 100 survived the Nazi occupation. Iwens does not draw a distinction between total deaths in the early shootings, the ghetto and the Kaiserwald concentration camp. Ezergailis calculates that about 28,000 Jews lived in Daugavpils and the Latgale district when the Nazi occupation began. Of these the Nazis killed about 20,000, of which 13,000 died in Daugavpils, and 7,000 in the smaller towns in the district.

Notes

References

Historiographical
 Dribins, Leo, Gūtmanis, Armands, and Vestermanis, Marģers, Latvia's Jewish Community: History, Tragedy, Revival (2001), available the website of the Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
 Ehrenburg, Ilya, Grossman, Patterson, David, Louis, Irving, The Complete Black Book of Russian Jewry,  Transaction, New Brunswick, NJ 2002
 Gilbert, Martin, The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe during the Second World War, Holt, New York, NY, 1987
 Kaufmann, Max, Die Vernichtung des Judens Lettlands (The Destruction of the Jews of Latvia), Munich, 1947, English translation by Laimdota Mazzarins available on-line as Churbn Lettland – The Destruction of the Jews of Latvia
 Lumans, Valdis O., Latvia in World War II, Fordham University Press, New York, NY, 2006
 Press, Bernhard, The murder of the Jews in Latvia : 1941–1945, Evanston, Ill. : Northwestern University Press, 2000
 Roseman, Mark, The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution—A Reconsideration, Holt, New York, 2002

Personal narratives
 Abramowitch, Maja, To Forgive... but Not Forget: Maja's Story, 	Vallentine Mitchell, London 2002
  Frankel-Zaltzman, Paula, Haftling No. 94771 originally published Montreal 1949, republished in electronic version in five parts by the Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies.
 Iwens, Sidney, How Dark the Heavens: 1400 Days in the Grip of Nazi Terror,  Shengold, New York, NY 1990

War crime trials and evidence
 Jaeger Report, "Complete tabulation of executions carried out in the Einsatzkommando 3 zone up to December 1, 1941"
 Stahlecker, Franz W., "Comprehensive Report of Einsatzgruppe A Operations up to 15 October 1941", Exhibit L-180, translated in part and reprinted in Office of the United States Chief of Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality, Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Volume VII, pages 978–995, USGPO, Washington DC 1946 ("Red Series")
 Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, Nuernberg, October 1946 – April 1949, Volume IV, ("Green Series) (the "Einsatzgruppen case") also available at Mazel library (well indexed HTML version)

External links
  Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia, Holocaust Education, Research and Remembrance in Latvia, 16 Sept 2003
 The Holocaust in Kraslava

 The murder of the Jews of Daugavpils Ghetto, Yad Vashem website

1941 in Latvia
1942 in Latvia
1943 in Latvia
Einsatzgruppen
Mass murder in 1941
Mass murder in 1942
Mass murder in 1943
Holocaust locations in Latvia
Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany
Generalbezirk Lettland
History of Daugavpils


Dinei, full name Ednet Luís De Oliveira (born February 14, 1981) is a Brazilian footballer who as of 2009 is a free agent.

External links

1981 births
Living people
Men's association football forwards
Brazilian men's footballers
Mirassol Futebol Clube players
Clube Atlético Sorocaba players
Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube players
América Futebol Clube (RN) players
Daegu FC players
K League 1 players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in South Korea
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea


Lady Camilla may refer to:
Lady Camilla Bloch (born 1970), British barrister
Lady Camilla Dempster (née Osborne), only daughter of John Osborne, 11th Duke of Leeds

See also
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, sometimes mistakenly referred to as Lady Camilla


Archie Shepp Live in San Francisco is a live album by Archie Shepp released on Impulse! Records in 1966. The album contains a performance recorded by Shepp, trombonist Roswell Rudd, bassists Donald Garrett and Lewis Worrell and drummer Beaver Harris at the now defunct Both/And Club in San Francisco, CA, on February 19, 1966. The CD edition also contains an extended track that was released on LP as Three for a Quarter, One for a Dime in 1969.

Reception
The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow states that "This Impulse recording features the fiery tenor Archie Shepp with his regularly working group of the period, a quintet also featuring trombonist Roswell Rudd, drummer Beaver Harris and both Donald Garrett and Lewis Worrell on basses. Although two pieces (Shepp's workout on piano on the ballad 'Sylvia' and his recitation on 'The Wedding') are departures, the quintet sounds particularly strong on Herbie Nichols' 'The Lady Sings the Blues' and 'Wherever June Bugs Go' while Shepp's ballad statement on 'In a Sentimental Mood' is both reverential and eccentric".

Track listing
 "Keep Your Heart Right" (Roswell Rudd) – 1:15
 "Lady Sings the Blues" (Herbie Nichols) – 7:32
 "Sylvia" (Oley Speaks) – 5:35
 "The Wedding" – 2:52
 "Wherever June Bugs Go" – 10:25
 "In a Sentimental Mood" (Duke Ellington, Manny Kurtz, Irving Mills) – 6:14
 "Things Ain't What They Used to Be" (Mercer Ellington, Ted Persons) – 7:56 Bonus track on CD
 "Three for a Quarter, One for a Dime" – 32:54  Bonus track on CD
All compositions by Archie Shepp except as indicated
 Recorded at the Both/And Club in San Francisco, CA, on February 19, 1966

Personnel
 Archie Shepp – tenor saxophone, piano, recitation
 Roswell Rudd – trombone
 Donald Garrett – bass
 Lewis Worrell – bass
 Beaver Harris – drums

References

1966 live albums
Archie Shepp live albums
Albums produced by Bob Thiele
Impulse! Records live albums


The  is one of the armaments expansion plan of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN).

Background
In October 1940, the IJN schemed building of the submarines and auxiliary vessels because there was a shortage of them.

Table of vessels

See also
1st Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru 1 Keikaku, 1931)
2nd Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru 2 Keikaku, 1934)
3rd Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru 3 Keikaku, 1937)
4th Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru 4 Keikaku, 1939)
Rapidly Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru Kyū Keikaku, 1941)
Additional Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru Tui Keikaku, 1941)
5th Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru 5 Keikaku, 1941)
6th Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru 6 Keikaku, 1942)
Modified 5th Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Kai-Maru 5 Keikaku, 1942)
Wartime Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru Sen Keikaku, 1944)

References
Rekishi Gunzō series, Gakken (Japan)
The Maru Special series, Ushio Shobō
Daiji Katagiri, Ship Name Chronicles of the Imperial Japanese Navy Combined Fleet, Kōjinsha (Japan), June 1988,
 Senshi Sōsho Vol.31, Naval armaments and war preparation (1), "Until November 1941", Asagumo Simbun (Japan), November 1969

Naval Armaments Supplement Programme
Naval Armaments Supplement Programme


Madieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.  It is sometimes considered a subtribe of Heliantheae. Notable species include the tarweeds of the Western United States as well as the silverswords of Hawaii.

Subtribes and genera
Madieae subtribes and genera recognized by the Global Compositae Database as of April 2022:
Subtribe Arnicinae
Arnica
Subtribe Baeriinae
Amblyopappus
Baeriopsis
Constancea
Eriophyllum
Lasthenia
Monolopia
Pseudobahia
Syntrichopappus
Subtribe Hulseinae
Eatonella
Hulsea
Subtribe Madiinae
Achyrachaena
Adenothamnus
Anisocarpus
Argyroxiphium
Blepharipappus
Blepharizonia
Calycadenia
Carlquistia
Centromadia
Deinandra
Dubautia
Harmonia
Hemizonella
Hemizonia
Holocarpha
Holozonia
Jensia
Kyhosia
Lagophylla
Layia
Madia
Osmadenia
Raillardella
Wilkesia
Subtribe Venegasiinae
Venegasia

References

Asteraceae tribes


The 1988 Australian Touring Car season was the 29th year of touring car racing in Australia since the first runnings of the Australian Touring Car Championship and the fore-runner of the present day Bathurst 1000, the Armstrong 500.

There were 16 touring car race meetings held during 1988; a nine-round series, the 1988 Australian Touring Car Championship (ATCC); the four round Amaroo Park based AMSCAR series (Round 3 doubled as Round 8 of the ATCC); a support programme event at the 1988 Australian Grand Prix and three long-distance races, nicknamed 'enduros'.

Results and standings

Race calendar
The 1988 Australian touring car season consisted of 16 events.

Australian Touring Car Championship

James Hardie Building Products AMSCAR Series

Pepsi 250

Enzed Sandown 500

Tooheys 1000

South Australia Cup
This race was a support event at the 1988 Australian Grand Prix meeting. This was Larry Perkins' first win in Australia since the 1984 Bathurst 1000 and also the only Holden win for the year. This would be the final time that the touring cars would only have a single race at the Australian Grand Prix. Starting in 1989, the tourers would have one race on the Saturday afternoon following the Formula One final qualifying session with a second race the following morning on F1 race day.

References

Linked articles contain additional references.

External links
 Official V8 Supercar site

Australian Touring Car Championship
Touring Cars


Chaz Daniel Roe (born October 9, 1986) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks, New York Yankees, Baltimore Orioles, Atlanta Braves, and Tampa Bay Rays.

Career
Roe attended Lafayette High School in Lexington, Kentucky. In 2004 as a high school player, Roe was considered by Baseball America to be the number 35 prospect in the United States.

Colorado Rockies
Roe was selected by the Colorado Rockies in the first round (32nd overall) of the 2005 Major League Baseball Draft.
On September 3, 2010, Roe was called up to the majors for the first time but he did not appear in any games.

Seattle Mariners
On December 2, 2010, Roe was traded to the Seattle Mariners for José López. He was designated for assignment by Seattle on June 29, 2011, after recording a 6.41 ERA with Triple-A Tacoma.

Laredo Lemurs
Roe signed with the Laredo Lemurs of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball for the 2012 season. He pitched in 49 games for the Lemurs, pitching to a 1.47 ERA with 69 strikeouts in 55.0 innings.

Arizona Diamondbacks
Roe signed a minor league contract for the 2013 season with the Arizona Diamondbacks. He made his MLB debut with the Diamondbacks on July 1. He was called up on August 24, 2013, to replace J.J. Putz Roe pitched to a 4.03 ERA in 22.1 innings with the Diamondbacks.

Texas Rangers
On November 1, 2013, Roe was claimed off waivers by the Texas Rangers He was designated for assignment on January 29, 2014. Roe elected free agency on February 5, 2014.

Miami Marlins
On February 6, 2014, Roe signed a minor league contract with the Miami Marlins organization that included an invitation to Spring Training.

New York Yankees
The Marlins traded Roe to the New York Yankees for cash considerations on August 31. He was designated for assignment by the Yankees on September 21, 2014.

Pittsburgh Pirates
On September 23, 2014, Roe was claimed off waivers by the Pittsburgh Pirates.

Baltimore Orioles

On December 12, 2014, Roe was signed to a minor league contract by the Baltimore Orioles. In 36 appearances for the Orioles in 2015, Roe pitched to a 4.14 ERA with 38 strikeouts in 41.1 innings of work. On July 29, 2016, Roe was designated for assignment following the signing of Logan Ondrusek. At the time of his designation, Roe had allowed 4 runs in  innings, striking out 11 and walking 7.

Atlanta Braves
On August 7, 2016, Roe was claimed off waivers by the Atlanta Braves. In 21 games, he posted an ERA of 3.60 in 20 innings, striking out 26. On July 13, 2017, Roe was outrighted off of the 40-man roster and assigned to the Triple-A Gwinnett Braves.

Tampa Bay Rays
On July 18, 2017, Roe was traded to the Tampa Bay Rays for cash considerations and assigned to the Triple-A Durham Bulls. He was called up in September when rosters expanded. In 8 games, he posted an ERA of 1.07 in  innings. He struck out 12. The following season, he opened the season in the Rays bullpen. On July 8, he was placed on the disabled list. Roe finished with career highs all over the board, posting an ERA of 3.58 in 61 appearances. In 2019, Roe continued to be a mainstay in the Rays bullpen, appearing in a career high 71 games and recording 65 strikeouts in 51 innings. In 2020, Roe pitched to a 2.89 ERA with 9 strikeouts in 9.1 innings pitched. On October 30, 2020, Roe was outrighted off of the 40-man roster and elected free agency.

On February 21, 2021, Roe re-signed with the Rays on a one-year, $1.15MM contract. After pitching on April 2 against the Miami Marlins, Roe reported discomfort. He was placed on the 10-day injured list with a left shoulder strain with the expectation that he would miss at least twelve weeks of the season. He was later placed on the 60-day injured list on April 6. On June 30, 2021, Roe underwent seasonending surgery on his shoulder.

Awards and honors
 2008 Texas League Pitcher of the Week
 2007 California League Pitcher of the Week
 2005 Pioneer League Post-Season All-Star

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Steubenville, Ohio
Baseball players from Ohio
Major League Baseball pitchers
Arizona Diamondbacks players
New York Yankees players
Baltimore Orioles players
Atlanta Braves players
Tampa Bay Rays players
Casper Rockies players
Asheville Tourists players
Modesto Nuts players
Tulsa Drillers players
Phoenix Desert Dogs players
Scottsdale Scorpions players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Tacoma Rainiers players
Laredo Lemurs players
Mobile BayBears players
Reno Aces players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Norfolk Tides players
Gulf Coast Braves players
Florida Fire Frogs players
Gwinnett Braves players
Durham Bulls players