Evergestis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Jacob Hübner in 1825. A number of species are pests, including the cross-striped cabbageworm (E. rimosalis), a pest of cole crops such as cabbage.

Species

Evergestis aegyptiacalis Caradja, 1916
Evergestis aenealis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
Evergestis africalis (Guenée, 1854)
Evergestis albifasciaria Chen & Wang, 2013
Evergestis albifuscalis (Hampson, 1900)
Evergestis alborivulalis (Eversmann, 1843)
Evergestis anartalis (Staudinger, 1892)
Evergestis angustalis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1918)
Evergestis anticlina Munroe, 1959
Evergestis antofagastalis Munroe, 1959
Evergestis arcuatalis (Hampson, 1900)
Evergestis aridalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914
Evergestis atrapuncta Maes, 2011
Evergestis borregalis Munroe, 1974
Evergestis boursini Amsel, 1939
Evergestis brunnea Munroe, 1959
Evergestis caesialis (Herrich-Schäffer, [1849])
Evergestis comstocki Munroe, 1974
Evergestis consimilis Warren, 1892
Evergestis desertalis (Hübner, 1813)
Evergestis dilutalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848)
Evergestis dischematalis Munroe, 1995
Evergestis dognini Hampson, 1918
Evergestis dumerlei Leraut, 2003
Evergestis dusmeti Agenjo, 1955
Evergestis eurekalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914
Evergestis exoticalis (Snellen, 1875)
Evergestis extimalis (Scopoli, 1763)
Evergestis forficalis (Linnaeus, 1758) – garden pebble
Evergestis frumentalis (Linnaeus, 1761)
Evergestis fulgura (Cerf, 1933)
Evergestis funalis (Grote, 1878)
Evergestis holophaealis (Hampson, 1913)
Evergestis hordealis Chrétien, 1915
Evergestis hyrcanalis Amsel, 1961
Evergestis infirmalis (Staudinger, 1870)
Evergestis inglorialis Hampson, 1918
Evergestis insiola (Dyar, 1925)
Evergestis isatidalis (Duponchel, 1833)
Evergestis junctalis Warren, 1892
Evergestis koepckei Munroe, 1959
Evergestis laristanalis Amsel, 1961
Evergestis lichenalis Hampson, 1900
Evergestis limbata (Linnaeus, 1767)
Evergestis lunulalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914
Evergestis lupalis Zerny, 1928
Evergestis marionalis Leraut, 2003
Evergestis marocana (D. Lucas, 1956)
Evergestis merceti Agenjo, 1933
Evergestis mimounalis (Oberthür, 1922)
Evergestis montis Maes, 2011
Evergestis mundalis (Guenée, 1854)
Evergestis nolentis Heinrich, 1940
Evergestis nomadalis (Lederer, 1870)
Evergestis obliqualis (Grote, 1883)
Evergestis obscuralis (Hampson, 1912)
Evergestis osthelderi (Schawerda, 1932)
Evergestis pallidata (Hufnagel, 1767)
Evergestis palousalis Munroe, 1974
Evergestis pechi (Bethune-Baker, 1885)
Evergestis perobliqualis Hampson in Elwes, Hampson & Durrant, 1906
Evergestis placens (Walker, [1866])
Evergestis plumbofascialis (Ragonot, 1894)
Evergestis politalis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
Evergestis rimosalis (Guenée, 1854)
Evergestis russulatalis (Hampson, 1900)
Evergestis scopicalis Hampson, 1908
Evergestis segetalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)
Evergestis serratalis (Staudinger, 1870)
Evergestis sexmaculosus Matsumura, 1925
Evergestis simulatilis (Grote, 1880)
Evergestis sophialis (Fabricius, 1787)
Evergestis spiniferalis (Staudinger, 1900)
Evergestis subfuscalis (Staudinger, 1870)
Evergestis subterminalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914
Evergestis triangulalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914
Evergestis umbrosalis (Fischer von Röslerstamm, 1842)
Evergestis unimacula (Grote & Robinson, 1867)
Evergestis vinctalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914

Former species
Evergestis flavicinctalis Snellen, 1890
Evergestis terminalis (Mabille, 1880)

Status unclear
Evergestis bilinealis

Gallery

References

 , 2011: New Crambidae from the Afrotropical region (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae). Lambillionea 111 (3) Tome 1: 241–248.
 , 1998: The Scopariinae and Heliothelinae stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) of the Oriental Region- a revisional synopsis with descriptions of new species from the Philippines and Sumatra. Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo 17 Suppl.: 475–528.
 , 2005: Revision of Evergestis anartalis (Staudinger, 1892) comb. rev. from Central Asia (Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Evergestinae). Nota Lepidopterologica 28 (1): 17–23. Full article: .

External links

Evergestinae
Moth genera
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner


Exeristis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Exeristis asynopta Tams, 1935
Exeristis asyphela Meyrick, 1886
Exeristis catharia Tams, 1935
Exeristis xanthota Meyrick, 1886

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick


"North to Alaska" is a 1960 hit song recorded by Johnny Horton that was featured in the movie of the same name. The song was written by Mike Phillips, along with Tillman Franks.
Though Horton had sung several popular movie tie-in songs, this was the first one that was sung over the opening titles.
Horton died in an automobile accident November 5, 1960 two days before the movie was released.
Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.

Background
The song's lyrics during the opening titles of the film provide a back story for the point where the film begins: Sam McCord left Seattle in 1892 with George and Billy Pratt, "crossed the Yukon river" and "found the bonanza gold below that old white mountain just a little southeast of Nome." By "1901" Sam was known as "a mighty man", and his partner George then tells him, "I'd trade all the gold that's buried in this land for one small band of gold to place on sweet little Jenny's hand." George feels that Jenny is his "true love", and he declares he will "build for my Jenny a honeymoon home" below the same mountain where gold was discovered. An instrumental of the song is also played at the saloon on a piano when Sam and Angel arrive in Nome.  The bass singing portion is done by Rusty Goodman.

Chart performance
"North to Alaska" topped Billboard magazine's Country Singles chart, reached number four on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and eight on Norway Singles Chart.

References

Johnny Horton songs
1960 singles
Songs about Alaska
Songs written by Tillman Franks
Songs written by Johnny Horton
Columbia Records singles
1960 songs
Number-one singles in Canada
Song recordings produced by Don Law


Exsilirarcha is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Exsilirarcha graminea, which is endemic to New Zealand. Both the genus and the species were described by John Salmon and J. D. Bradley in 1956.

References

Crambidae
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of New Zealand
Endemic moths of New Zealand


Andrew Martin Lamb (born 23 September 1942) is an English writer, music historian, lecturer and broadcaster, known for his expertise in light music and musical theatre. In addition to his musical work, Lamb maintained a full-time career as an actuary and investment manager.

Biography
Lamb was born in Oldham, Lancashire, the son of Harry Lamb, a schoolmaster, and his wife Winifred, née Emmott. He was educated at Werneth Council School, Oldham, Manchester Grammar School and Corpus Christi College, Oxford.  He graduated in mathematics in 1963, gaining a master's degree in 1967 and a Doctorate of Letters in 2006.  In addition to his musical work, he maintained a full-time career as an actuary and investment manager with major financial institutions in the UK, having qualified as a Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries in 1972.  He married in 1970 and has two daughters and a son. He has been a member of Lancashire County Cricket Club since 1954.

In 1980, Lamb was a member of the Arts Council of Great Britain Light Opera Enquiry, and in 1988 he was a member of the jury of the Offenbach International Singing Competition in Paris. He was a member of the Advisory Board of The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, and from 1987 to 1996 he assisted Antonio de Almeida on the latter's ultimately unpublished Offenbach thematic catalogue. In 1995 he performed in Dan Crawford's production of Noël Coward's Cavalcade, appearing as the Stage Manager at the Churchill Theatre, Bromley, and the Major Domo at Sadler's Wells Theatre, London.  In 2008 he wrote the programme article for the production of Amadeo Vives's La Generala at the Teatro de la Zarzuela in Madrid, and in 2009 he was a speaker at the Ruperto Chapí Centenary Congress in Valencia, Spain.  He has also given talks for English National Opera at the Coliseum Theatre, London, and at the Buxton Festival. He is a member of the Honorary Board of the Centro Studi Eric Sams.

Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians describes Lamb as "a noted authority on the lighter forms of music theatre" and notes the lucidity of his extensive writings on a wide range of musical topics, including zarzuela, operetta, American and British musical theatre, Arthur Sullivan, the Strauss family, Jacques Offenbach, Jerome Kern and the Waldteufels. In 2012, Lamb instituted a project to honour the composer Edward James Loder that resulted in musical events in Bath in 2015, CD recordings of Loder's piano music and his opera Raymond and Agnes, and a book commemorating the Loder family, edited by Nicholas Temperley, to which Lamb contributed a biographical chapter.

Writings
Lamb's books and biographies, relating mostly to musical theatre, include the following:
Jerome Kern in Edwardian London, Littlehampton, 1981; enlarged, Inst. for Studies in Amer. Music (Brooklyn, New York), 1985.
Gänzl's Book of the Musical Theatre (with Kurt Gänzl), Bodley Head (London), 1988.
The Moulin Rouge (ed.), Alan Sutton / St. Martin's, 1990.  /
Light Music from Austria: Reminiscences and Writings of Max Schönherr (ed.), Peter Lang Pub., 1992.
Skaters' Waltz: The Story of the Waldteufels, Fullers Wood Press (Croydon, England), 1995.
An Offenbach Family Album, Fullers Wood Press, 1997.
Shirley House to Trinity School, Fullers Wood Press, 1999.
150 Years of Popular Musical Theatre, Yale University Press (New Haven, Connecticut), 2000.
Leslie Stuart: Composer of Florodora, London: Routledge, 2002.
Leslie Stuart: My Bohemian Life (ed.), Fullers Wood Press, 2003.
Fragson: The Triumphs and the Tragedy (with Julian Myerscough), Fullers Wood Press, 2004.
The Merry Widow at 100, Fullers Wood Press, 2005.
A Life on the Ocean Wave: The Story of Henry Russell, Fullers Wood Press, 2007
William Vincent Wallace: Composer, Virtuoso and Adventurer, Fullers Wood Press (West Byfleet, England), 2012.

He has written extensively for periodicals including Gramophone, The Musical Times, Opera, Music and Letters, The Listener, and Wisden Cricket Monthly. He is a contributor and advisory editor to The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography and wrote more than 150 articles in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, including biographies of George M. Cohan, Noël Coward, Jerome Kern, Charles Lecocq, Franz Lehár, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Lionel Monckton and Jacques Offenbach, and articles on revue, musical comedy, music hall, parlour song and operetta. He was a member of the Advisory Board of The New Grove Dictionary of Opera.  Online examples of his writing include articles on Gershwin's Cuban vacation, two 1890s English comic opera tours of South America, and the zarzuelas La generala and El maestro Campanone.

He has also compiled albums of songs by Lehár for Glocken Verlag (ISMN M-57006-019-1, ISMN M-57006-109-9, ISMN M-57006-111-2 and ISMN 979-0-57006-115-0) and of operetta numbers by Offenbach for Choudens ().

Notes

English non-fiction writers
Living people
People from Oldham
1942 births
English male non-fiction writers
British actuaries
British investment bankers


Events in the year 1773 in Norway.

Incumbents
Monarch: Christian VII

Events

Arts and literature

Births
21 March - Nicolay Peter Drejer, military officer (died 1808)
2 May - Henrik Steffens, philosopher, scientist, and poet (died 1845)
27 July - Jacob Aall, historian and statesman (died 1844)
19 August - Johan Peter Strömberg, actor, dancer and theatre director, founder of the first public theatre of Norway (dead 1834).
4 October - Gabriel Lund,  merchant and representative at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly (died 1832)

Full date unknown
Johan Ernst Mejdell, jurist and politician

Deaths
23 September - Johan Ernst Gunnerus, bishop and botanist (born 1718)

Full date unknown
Jakob Klukstad, woodcarver (born 1705).

See also

References


José Luis Álvarez Enparantza (27 September 1929 – 14 January 2012), better known by his pseudonym Txillardegi, was a Basque linguist, politician, and writer. He was born and raised in the Basque Country, and although he did not learn the Basque language until the age of 17, he later came to be considered one of the most influential figures in Basque nationalism and culture in the second half of the 20th century. He was one of the founders of ETA, but in 1967 he left because he did not agree with its political line.

Literary and academic work

Álvarez Enparantza (the maternal surname was sometimes Hispanicised as Emparanza) studied engineering at the University of Bilbao, and linguistics at the University of Paris. In 1957, he became a corresponding member of the Euskaltzaindia (Academia de la Lengua Vasca, Academy of the Basque Language), which adopted most of his proposals on the orthography and morphology of Standard Basque. In 1993 he became a member of its Commission on Pronunciation. His name was put forward twice to become a full member of the Euskaltzaindia but he was turned down for political reasons. When he was going to be proposed for a third time, he himself turned down the proposal.

He was a major contributor to the standardisation of Basque. His philosophy was based on the following points:
 that if minority languages are to survive, they have to be able to deal with modern science and technology;
 that a standardised language is a key part of modernisation;
 that any subject could be discussed in an understandable way in any language, based on "trying, time, and intelligence";
 and that the main feature, among others, that should identify a person (or the country) as Basque should be knowledge of the Basque language.

He was also a well-known writer and linguist under the pseudonyms Larresoro, Igara and Usako. He was a writer influenced by existentialism of Kierkegaard, Unamuno and Sartre, and also by the writer Bertrand Russell. He has had many books published, mostly to do with the Basque language and its grammar. He has also written novels and political essays. His work Leturiaren egunkari ezkutua (1957) is considered the first modern novel written in Basque and makes a clear dividing line in Basque literature. Other work included the novels Haizeaz bestaldetik (1979) and Putzu (1999); the influential essays Huntaz eta hartaz (1965), Hizkuntza eta pentsakera (1972) and Euskal Herria helburu (1994), and the academic works Euskal fonologia (1980), Euskal azentuaz (1984) and Elebidun gizartearen azterketa matematikoa (1984).

In 1968 he won the Txomin Agirre award for his novel Elsa Scheelen. He also won the Andima award in Caracas in 1969 for books on teaching mathematics. He won the Silver Lauburu for his book Euskal Gramatika in Bilbo in 1980.

In the 1970s Txillardegi co-founded the Euskal Herrian Euskaraz Basque language movement. In 1982 he began lecturing in the University of the Basque Country, of which he later became a professor emeritus.

The database of the Basque scientific-intellectual community Inguma shows references to 122 products (paper, books, talks etc.) created by Txillardegi.

Political activity
A member of the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) in his youth, he promoted the defence and study of the Basque language as the basis of Basque identity.

After becoming disillusioned with the PNV, Txillardegi was one of the founders of ETA in 1959, together with a group of young nationalists and was the visible leader of the cultural branch of the movement. In 1961 he fled into exile, in Paris and Brussels, returning in 1967. In 1976 he and Iñaki Aldekoa formed a political party, the Euskal Sozialista Biltzarrea (ESB: Congreso de Socialistas Vascos, Basque Socialist Congress).

Txillardegi participated in the foundation in 1977 of Herri Batasuna and was elected senator for the abertzale coalition in the first elections.

Coming to believe that the armed struggle was unviable, for a time he was active in Aralar. In the general elections of 2008, he announced his Senate candidacy for the Eusko Abertzale Ekintza party (Acción Nacionalista Vasca, Basque Nationalist Action) for the precinct of Guipúzcoa.

References

Sources
 Aizpuru, Alaitz 2012: "Existentzialismoaren hastapenak Euskal Herrian: Leturiaren egunkari ezkutua" in Alaitz Aizpuru(koord.), Euskal Herriko pentsamenduaren gida, Bilbo, UEU.
 Azurmendi, Joxe 1999: Txillardegiren saioa: hastapenen bila, Jakin, 114: 17–45.
 Azurmendi, J. 2000: "Kierkeggard-en <<egunkari ezkutua>>" in Txipi Ormaetxea (arg.), Txillardegi lagun giroan, Bilbo: UEU
 Hegats. Literatur aldizkaria. 49.
 Olaziregi, Mari Jose 2012. Basque Literary History, Reno, Center for Basque Studies/University of Nevada
 Sudupe, Pako 2011: 50eko hamarkadako euskal literatura I: hizkuntza eta ideologia, Donostia, Utriusque Vasconiae.
 Sudupe, Pako 2011: 50eko hamarkadako euskal literatura II: kazetaritza eta siakera, Donostia, Utriusque Vasconiae.
 Sudupe, Pako 2012: "Ideologia eztabaidak 50eko hamarkadan" in Alaitz Aizpuru (koord.), Euskal Herriko pentsamenduaren gida, Bilbo, UEU.
 Sudupe, Pako 2016: Txillardegiren borroka abertzalea, Donostia: Elkar
 Torrealdai, Joan Mari 2014: Batasunaren bidea urratzen. Txillardegiren eragintza praktikoa, Jakin, 204:11-96.

External links
 Txillardegi's page in the website of the Basque Writers' Association
 Report about Txillardegi by Hamaika Telebista (2014).
 Website on Txillardegi in the web gipuzkoakultura.net of the Provincial Council of Gipuzkoa.
 Website on Txillardegi in the web gipuzkoakultura.net of the Provincial Council of Gipuzkoa.

1929 births
2012 deaths
Aralar (Basque political party) politicians
Articles containing video clips
Basque language activists
Basque-language scholars
Basque-language writers
Indigenous linguists
Basque writers
Existentialists
Herri Batasuna politicians
Linguists from Spain
Members of the 3rd Senate of Spain
Members of the 4th Senate of Spain
People from San Sebastián
Pseudonymous writers
Sociolinguists
Spanish essayists
University of Deusto alumni
Academic staff of the University of Deusto
Academic staff of the University of the Basque Country
University of Paris alumni


Adrian Albert Jurgens (1886 – 11 July 1953) was a South African philatelist and signatory to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists of Southern Africa in 1948 and the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in Great Britain in 1952.

In the 1940s Jurgens became embroiled in allegations of forgery that greatly damaged his reputation.

Work
Jurgens' main area of interest was the philately of Southern Africa, in particular the Bechuanalands and Cape of Good Hope, and the A.A. Jurgens – Cape of Good Hope, Barbara Jurgens Memorial Collection of twenty volumes is in the Iziko Museums of Cape Town.

In 1944 Jurgens won the Crawford Medal from the Royal Philatelic Society London for his work The Handstruck Letter Stamps of the Cape of Good Hope from 1792 to 1853 and the Postmarks from 1853 to 1910.

Allegations
In 1941 philatelists became aware of reprints of the 1 penny and 4 penny Cape of Good Hope 'woodblock' triangular stamps in the original colours. Although the original stereos had been defaced with a vertical line, the line did not appear correctly on the reprints which were dangerously similar to the originals.

The originator of the reprints was revealed to be A.A. Jurgens who described everything he had done in an article in The South African Philatelist in May 1941. Jurgens explained that he had received permission to make reprints in black from the Director of the South African Museum in Cape Town which were to be displayed in a case with South African postal history material.

Unfortunately, Jurgens appears to have got carried away with his initial success and he also produced reprints in red and blue and on wove and laid papers. Up to 17 sheets were produced. This had all been done in November 1940 and March 1941, without the knowledge of the philatelic community. Further allegations relating to forged cancellations on Cape material and a public spat with the expert committee of the British Philatelic Association did nothing to help Jurgens' reputation.

Robson Lowe famously declined to sign the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists due to the organisers' failure to delete Jurgens' name. Lowe regarded Jurgens as a forger.

Although a Fellow of the Royal Philatelic Society London since 1938, no obituary for Jurgens appeared in The London Philatelist following his death.

Publications
Cape of Good Hope Pre-cancellations.
The Handstruck Letter Stamps of the Cape of Good Hope from 1792 to 1853 and the Postmarks from 1853 to 1910, Cape Town, 1943.
The Bechuanalands: A brief history of the countries and their postal services to 1895. Including information about the postage stamps, postmarks, forgeries and revenue stamps., Royal Philatelic Society, London, 1946.

References

External links
 South African Roll of Distinguished Philatelists

1886 births
1953 deaths
South African philatelists
Philately of South Africa
Philately of Botswana
Signatories to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists


Frank William Stubbs (27 September 1919 – 16 May 1997) was an Australian rules footballer who played for North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Used in the ruck, Stubbs had two stints at North Melbourne, separated by World War II. He was North Melbourne's best placed player at the 1940 Brownlow Medal, with nine votes. Stubbs returned in 1945 and participated in their first ever finals match.

Stubbs finished his career at Camberwell, where he won each of their 'Best and Fairest' awards from 1948 to 1950. He also won the J. J. Liston Trophy in 1950, the club's first ever winner.

In 2003 he was named as the first ruckman in the club's Team of the Century.

References

Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

External links

1919 births
1997 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
North Melbourne Football Club players
Camberwell Football Club players
J. J. Liston Trophy winners


The Aztec Club of 1847 is a military society founded in 1847 by United States Army officers of the Mexican–American War. It is a hereditary organization, including members who can trace a direct ancestral connection to those initially eligible.

Similar to the earlier Society of the Cincinnati, which arose out of the officer class of the American Revolutionary War, the Aztec Club was a precursor of veterans' organizations like the Grand Army of the Republic, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States and the United Confederate Veterans which veteran officers formed after the American Civil War.

Origins

After the last battles of the Mexican–American War a sizable force of regular U.S. Army troops occupied Mexico City; on October 13, 1847, a meeting of officers was held in the city to form a social organization to help pass the time comfortably until their return to the United States. The original organizers were Robert C. Buchanan, Henry Coppée, John B. Grayson, John B. Magruder, Franklin Pierce, Charles F. Smith, and Charles P. Stone.

The Aztec Club's first president, elected that evening, was John A. Quitman. The Club numbered 160 members by the time the army evacuated the City to return to the United States, among its members most of the major figures of the Mexican War American army and a large group whose fame would come a decade and a half later. Membership was extended to all officers who had served in the campaign from Vera Cruz on, and carried much prestige not only in Mexico but in the United States.  The founders of the Aztec Club sought to emulate the Society of the Cincinnati, established in 1783 by officers who served in the Revolutionary War. Indeed, many of them were sons or grandsons of the original Cincinnati members.

The site chosen for its clubhouse was the former home of José María Bocanegra, the Mexican minister to the United States, an 18th-century palace initially built for the Viceroy of New Spain, just off the Plaza de la Constitución, the Zócalo of the conquered city. On January 13, 1848, a formal club constitution had been adopted, with a $20 initiation fee. The commanding general of the occupying army, Winfield Scott, was voted into honorary membership.

Winfield Scott wanted to reward his officers, so, using military funds, he hired locals to spruce up the old building turning it into the Aztec Club. Only officers who served with him from Veracruz to the occupation of Mexico City were allowed to attend the private club. The Aztec was a stunning hit with the officers. It allowed them to escape the city's dirt and grime and escape the smell of death. Selected upscale meals were served, and the finest whiskey was provided to those who drank. On occasion, local talent performed.

"We have a magnificent club house, and it is a source of great pleasure and comfort to us." wrote George B. McClellan. "We go there and are sure that we will meet none but gentlemen." The Aztec Club quickly became the place in the city. The ranks of the organization swelled quickly, including William T. Sherman, George C. Meade, and Kentuckian Simon Bolivar Buckner.

Handsome dinners were given, and almost every person of distinction who visited Mexico during its occupation was put up at the Club. So popular did it become that after it was fairly in working order, admission was rather difficult. The building was located on one of the streets leading out of the Calle Plateros, but two blocks from the Grand Plaza, a most convenient situation, and not far from the headquarters of General Scott, Commander-in-Chief.

The Calle Plateros, or Silversmith Street (now part of Avenida Madero), was one of the most prominent in the city and, at the time, corresponded to New York City's  Broadway. It had more fine shops than any other in Mexico; hence it was the popular promenade and driving street and the resort of the fashionable young men, who there had the opportunity of meeting their fair friends. Many of the principal hotels and restaurants were located upon it and its extension.

The often raucous meetings were held at the National Theater with Capt. John Bankhead Magruder frequently acting as master of ceremonies before the officer corps left Mexico City during the summer of 1848.

By March, the Aztec Club's constitution had been printed, along with a list of the original members, all officers serving in Regular or Volunteer units of the U.S. Army or U.S. Navy. Officers from state militia organizations were not eligible for membership. The original constitution stated the club's purpose was to give members a place to live together, dine together, and otherwise entertain their guests, allowing members to pool resources while stationed in the City of Mexico. When it became apparent the army would soon leave the city for home, members met on May 26, 1848, to determine the club's future. While it was impractical to continue the operation of the physical club facility after they left, the members took the first steps to create an organization in perpetuity, electing officers for a term to end September 14, 1852, intending a reunion of members on or before that date at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. Upon their return to the United States, a membership diploma and seal were created. Persifor F. Smith was elected as club president to replace Quitman, who had already returned to Washington, D.C. Grayson was elected as "substitute president" and "acting treasurer." In June, the club, consisting of 160 regular and three honorary members, was declared adjourned.

Five of the club's members were the nominees of their respective parties for President of the United States: Franklin Pierce, Ulysses S. Grant, Winfield Scott, George B. McClellan and Winfield S. Hancock; two were elected to the office. Two of its members were candidates for Vice President of the United States (John A. Logan and Simon Bolivar Buckner), and a number of them became Congressmen and high-ranking military and civil officers.

Military society
Club membership was dispersed during the years following the war; in 1852, a group of members met at the United States Military Academy, and on their behalf Fitz-John Porter wrote a letter proposing a new slate of officers, with Benjamin Huger as new Club president. In November 1852, Franklin Pierce was elected President of the United States, the first of two Aztec Club members to be elected to the office. (Although some sources state that Zachary Taylor was a member of the Aztec Club, his name is not on the list of the club's 160 Original Members. This is because the Club's original members were officers serving in Mexico City, and Taylor served in northeastern Mexico. The Club did not expand beyond the 160 Original Members until 1871, 21 years after Taylor's death.)

During the mid-1850s, reunions with fellow officers were held in various places, but due to members being widely dispersed in military service, the Club did not meet as a whole.  Members often led reunions of Mexican-American War veterans. John Quitman attended many such reunions and hosted former comrades at his Monmouth plantation at Natchez, Mississippi. Since the Club's original constitution seemed inadequate to the needs of such an association, Quitman called a meeting at Delmonico's in New York City, New York, to be held on September 14, 1855, the eighth anniversary of the club's dedication, to form a new "Montezuma Society" designed for "...renewing and cultivating those ties of fellowship and sympathy, which are naturally so prone to exist between men who have served together in War." Matthew C. Perry, recently returned from his trip to Japan, was elected the president of the new society. By 1859, both Perry and Quitman had died, and with them, the Montezuma Society.

Hereditary society

On September 14, 1867, a meeting of the Aztec Club was held at Astor House in New York City. Robert Patterson, original member and last president of the Montezuma Society, was given the chair by motion, with Peter V. Hagner as treasurer and George Sykes to serve as acting secretary. At this meeting, practices were established which would make the organization enduring. Officers were elected, an annual meeting was designated, a list of members was printed, and commemorative insignia were ordered, designed, and distributed to members and families of the 65 deceased club members as of the printing. A practice was established that members would elect the club vice-president, elevated to office when the president died or retired. Patterson retained the presidency of the Club from 1867 to 1881.

In November 1868, twenty-one years after the cessation of hostilities in Mexico City, Ulysses S. Grant, an original member of the Aztec Club, was elected President of the United States, the second member to do so. Many of the Club's annual meetings had been held at Patterson's Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, home, but, at President Grant's offer, in 1874, the meeting was held at the White House. Patterson's mansion was located on the southwest corner of 13th and Locust Streets. After he died in 1881, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania purchased the mansion as its permanent home. The mansion was demolished between 1905 and 1909, and a new building was dedicated in 1910.

At the Annual Meeting held at Hotel Bellevue, Philadelphia, on September 14, 1881, Ulysses S. Grant was elected Vice President of the Aztec Club, announcing his intention to become its president.

Following the American Civil War, members of the Aztec Club held a series of meetings significant to its long-term survival, resulting in the Club's evolution from a purely military society into a hereditary society that exists to this day. Under Robert Patterson's leadership, the Club accomplished what few of its contemporaries did—the successful metamorphosis from a military society to a hereditary one. The subtle changes in membership criteria, from the admission of individuals who served in the war in any theater (1871) to successor membership (1875), and, shortly after Patterson's death, the admission of sons of officers disabled or killed in the Mexican War (1881) created the fabric from which hereditary membership was born. The Aztec Club evolved from a society of military comrades to an organization which first included sons of eligible but deceased officers, and eventually (after his death) became an association of lineal descendants. The archives of the Aztec Club are maintained at the U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center, located at United States Army War College at Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

In 1890, by an Act of Congress, members of the Aztec Club and other military societies founded by men "who served in the armies and navies of the United States in the War of the Revolution, the War of 1812, the Mexican War, and the War of the Rebellion, respectively" were thereafter authorized to wear the insignia of the club "upon all occasions of ceremonies by officers and enlisted men of the Army and Navy of the United States who are members of said organizations in their own right."

Reunions and meetings of the Aztec Club of 1847 have been held annually since 1867. With a current membership of about 425, the Aztec Club's chief goal today is to preserve and disseminate the history of the Mexican–American War.

Commemorating its sesquicentennial, on the morning of October 7, 1997, members of the Aztec Club assembled in Mexico City to embark on a ten-day trip following in near reverse the path that took Winfield Scott and his armies two years to travail. The year prior, when Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo learned of the trip he issued an official invitation to the Aztec Club to visit Chapultepec and committed to attend a formal banquet with the members.

The Aztec Club of 1847 still exists today, maintained by the descendants of the original members. In 2008, the Aztec Club of 1847 filed for trademark protection of its insignia and name which was granted by U. S. Patent and Trademark Office in 2010.  The Aztec Club of 1847 is an approved and listed organization of The Hereditary Society Community of the United States of America.

Notes

Further reading

External links

Organizations established in 1847
American people of the Mexican–American War
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
Fraternal orders
Lineage societies
Mexican–American War
1847 establishments in the United States


The UNESCO Convention Against Discrimination in Education is a multilateral treaty which aims to combat discrimination in the field of education. It was adopted on 14 December 1960 in Paris and came into effect on 22 May 1962. The Convention ensures the free choice of religious education and private school, and the right to use or teach their own languages for national minority groups. The Convention prohibits any reservation. As of December 2022, 109 states were members of the Convention.
It is the first international instrument which covers the right to education extensively and has a binding force in international law. It is recognized as a cornerstone of Education 2030 Agenda and represents a powerful tool to advance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG4).

There is an additional Protocol Instituting a Conciliation and Good Offices Commission, which was adopted on 10 December 1962 and entered into force on 24 October 1968 in signatory States. As of October 2019, the Protocol has 37 members (including Vietnam; post-unification Vietnam has not expressed a position on whether it succeeds pre-unification South Vietnam as a member of the Protocol).

This Convention is also referred to in the Preamble of International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and UN International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.

Contents
Article 1 defines "discrimination" as any distinction, exclusion, limitation or preference on the basis of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, origin national or social status, economic status or birth.

However, the article indicates a number of situations which are not to be considered to constitute discrimination. This includes the creation or maintenance of separate educational systems or establishments for pupils of both sexes, when they have easy access to education:
establishment or maintenance on religious or linguistic grounds, and
the establishment or maintenance of private educational institutions, if the purpose of such institutions is not to ensure exclusion of any group but to add to the educational opportunities offered by the public authorities.

Article 3 requires States to eliminate and prevent discrimination and Article 5 affirms respect for the freedom of parents in the choice of private schools, and for national minorities to have the right to engage in educational activities of their own and the employment or teaching of their own language.

Article 9 prohibits any reservation to the Convention.

See also
Discrimination in education
Freedom of education
Inclusion (education)
Minority language
Right to education
List of international anti-discrimination acts

References

External links
Convention text and Protocol
Commentary on the convention
Comparative analysis of the Convention and Articles 13, 14 ICESCR
UNESCO webpage on the Convention
10th Consultation on the implementation of the Convention and Recommendation against Discrimination in Education consultation

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Prince Vsevolod Ivanovich of Russia ( – 18 June 1973) was a male line great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and a nephew of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia. He was the last male member of the Romanov family born in Imperial Russia. He was a distant cousin and godson of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, as well as second cousin of both Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent.

During the revolution his father and two uncles were imprisoned and later murdered along with other Romanov relatives in July 1918. In October 1918 his grandmother fled with the four-year-old Prince Vsevolod to Sweden where he was able be reunited with his mother, Princess Helen of Serbia. After a time in France and Belgrade they eventually settled in England. Prince Vsevolod was educated at Eton and Oxford. He spent the rest of his life in exile in Great Britain. In 1939 he married Lady Mary Lygon of Madresfield Court. They were divorced in 1956. Prince Vsevolod married twice more, but had no children from any of his marriages.

Early life

Prince Vsevolod Ivanovich was the eldest child of Prince John Constantinovich of Russia and Princess Helen of Serbia.  He was born on 20 January 1914 at the Marble Palace in St Petersburg.  In a manifesto issued the next day, Tsar Nicholas II decreed Vsevelod to be a Highness and a Prince of the Imperial Blood.
On 25 January the Emperor, along with his wife Alexandra and his mother, Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, attended the Prince's christening in service conducted in the chapel of the Marble Palace by the personal confessor of the imperial couple. Along with the boy's grandmother grand duchess Elizabeth Mavriekievna, Nicholas II was appointed one of his godparents.
He spent his early years living with his parents in a suite of rooms in the northern wing of Pavlovsk During the First World War, Vsevelod's father, Prince Ivan fought in the army and was decorated as a war hero, he was at the front when the Russian Revolution of 1917 started. Vsevelod's mother served as a nurse during the war, while Vsevelod and his sister Catherine were left in St. Petersburg under the care of their paternal grandmother.

Revolution
During the chaotic rule of the Provisional Government, and after the October Revolution, Prince Vsevolod lived with his grandmother and some relatives, at Pavlovsk. When the Serbian diplomatic mission left Russia in 1918, they offered to take the family to Finland under Serbian protection. They refused. After the Bolsheviks took power, Vsevolod's father and two of his uncles Constantine and Igor were sent to internal exile in the Urals. They were killed at Alapaevsk, along with other Romanov relatives, in July 1918. Vsevolod's mother, who had followed her husband, spent many months imprisoned narrowly escaping being killed herself. Prince Vsevolod and his sister were safe under the care of their grandmother in the Marble Palace. As time went on, their circumstances became increasingly difficult as the palace and its contents were requisitioned. Their grandmother was forced to secretly sell family heirlooms to provide for the family.

They were finally able to escape revolutionary Russia with the help of Swedish diplomats, at the invitation of Queen Victoria of Sweden. In October 1918, the small family group consisting of four-year-old Vsevolod, his sister Catherine, their paternal grandmother, his uncle George, his aunt Vera, Miss Irwin (the children's Irish nanny) and three attendants were permitted by the Bolsheviks to leave Russia. They traveled first to Tallinn in Estonia, from there they crossed the Baltic to Finland. In Helsinki they boarded the Swedish vessel Ångermanland and traveled via Mariehamn to Stockholm. At Stockholm harbor, they met Prince Gustaf Adolf, who took them to the royal palace.

Exile

After spending sometime recuperating in Stockholm royal palace, they moved to a small spa town in Sweden. There, in 1919,
Vsevolod was reunited with his mother.
They moved to Paris and eventually went to live in Belgrade with his maternal grandfather King Peter I of Serbia.
After his death in 1921, Vsevolod's uncle King Alexander bought a Villa at Cap Ferrat in the south of France for Vsevolod, his mother and his sister.
They eventually settled in England.

Prince Vsevolod was educated at Eton and Oxford. He boxed and ran for both Eton and Oxford and was described by a friend as "having a great heart". In October 1933 Vsevolod was operated on for appendicitis in a London nursing home. During the following year, Prince Vsevolod, who was in his early twenties, appeared frequently in social circles. He visited Queen Mary in July 1936, attended the christening of Prince Victor Emmanuel of Italy in June 1937 and presided the Russian Charities ball that December. As Mr Romanof, he ran a business in North London selling lubricants.

The prince and Lady Mary

Prince Vsevolod's engagement to Lady Mary Lygon was announced on 1 February 1939.  The civil marriage took place on 31 May 1939, in Chelsea register office in the presence of two of the bride's sisters, two witnesses and a Russian priest. The religious service was the following day in the Russian Orthodox Church, Buckingham Palace Road. Grand Duke Vladimimir Kirilovich, Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich and Prince Dmitri of Russia were among the groomsmen. Lady Mary became Princess Romanovsky-Pavlovsky, the title granted by Grand Duke Vladimir Kirilovich at Vsevolod's request.

The couple set up home in a large house in Lenox Gardens. Prince Vsevolod worked at Saccone & Speed Wine Merchants in Sackville Street, London. At the outbreak of World War II in September, the Prince volunteered to serve at night as an Air raid precaution Warden. His duties included ensuring that the blackout was observed, sounding air raid sirens, evacuating areas around unexploded bombs, helping casualties from bomb damage and finding accommodation for people whose homes were destroyed. His wife ran the Princess Pavlovsky's Unit, a Red Cross Unit with one ambulance. In 1940 the couple moved to a small house in Montpelier Walk, South Kensington. They lived in style, in spite of the war time restrictions, giving cocktail and dinner parties often for Serbian diplomats. Prince Vsevolod was made a major in the Serbian army around this time. In August 1942, Evelyn Waugh moved in with the couple, staying in their small cottage between army duties. Waugh was a close friend of Lady Mary and her siblings since 1930. It has been said that Madresfield Court, the ancestral home of the Lygon family was the inspiration for Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead and that the Flytes were based on them. Waugh spent Christmas 1943 with Prince Vsevolod and his wife. The famous author did not have much love for the Prince, resenting having been forced to share his friend with him. Waugh confided in his diary: "I find my dislike of Vsevolod so overwhelming that I cannot sit in the room with him. Mamie [Mary] is lost to me". He thought the prince's existence, with no wine left to sell, was pointless.

After the war Prince Vsevolod and his wife moved to a Palladian style house in North Terrace, Kensington: Alexander house was situated at the end of a cul de sac off the Brompton Road. With no children of their own, they were devoted to their Pekingese dogs. Vsevolod also stood as godfather to George, son of Prince and Princess George Galitzine in May 1947; and to Victoria, daughter of Prince and Princess Frederick of Prussia, in May 1952. In the following years their marriage began to unravel. Both were heavy drinkers and Lady Mary descended into a depressive alcoholic haze. Soon the couple were hurling pots of hot tea at each other. Mary's friends claimed that the prince had spent all her money. By 1952 the couple were broke, living in the same apartments but not speaking. The following year they moved to a flat in Hove, Sussex. Mary resorted to pawning her jewelry. Her eldest brother (now Lord Beauchamp) and sister Lady Lettice suggested that the couple moved alternatively between them, an offer they declined. Soon after Christmas 1953, Vsevolod left the marital home. During 1954, Mary's mental health declined. The couple was granted a divorce in February 1956 on the grounds of Prince Vsevolod's adultery.

Last years
In March 1956 at Marylebone register office, Prince Vsevolod quietly married his mistress, Hungarian noblewoman Emilia de Gosztonyi (Budapest 19 April 1914 – Monte Carlo 9 July 1993), daughter of Eugen de Gosztonyi and Ethel Jolán Törö de Thury. Emilie was previously married to Count Sigismund von Berchtold zu Ungarschütz (1900-1979), son of Count Leopold Berchtold, who was divorced from Etti Plesch.

As a daughter of a minor Hungarian nobleman, Emilia was granted the title of Princess Romanovsky by Grand Duke Vladimir. Short of money, in March 1957, the prince sold some old masters at Christie's, among them a portrait of Emperor Paul, Grand Duke Konstantin and Emperor Alexander I. After five years, Prince Vsevolod's second marriage ended in divorce in February 1961. There were no children from this union.

In London on 8 June 1961, Vsevolod married again, this time to Valli Knust (b. London 4 April 1930, d. Sherborne, Dorset 10 July 2012), a woman sixteen years his junior. She was created Princess Romanovsky Knust; their marriage was very happy, but they had no children. In January 1966 Prince Vsevolod was appointed personal assistant to the Chairman and chief Executive of United Guarantee, holdings. In June 1970 Vsevolod underwent an operation in London, the beginning of a long painful battle with cancer. He died in London on 18 June 1973. His funeral services took place a week later at the Russian Orthodox church in Kensington. Among those present were Prince and Princess Paul of Yugoslavia and Prince and Princess Vassili of Russia.

Ancestry

Notes

Bibliography
Hall, Coryne. Lady Mary and the 'Pauper Prince'''. Royalty Digest Quarterly. N4 2009.
King, Greg, and Penny Wilson.  Gilded Prism. Eurohistory, 2006.
Zeepvat, Charlotte, The Camera and the Tsars'', Sutton Publishing, 2004, .

1914 births
1973 deaths
Princes of royal blood (Russia)
Yugoslav emigrants to the United Kingdom
White Russian emigrants to Sweden
Swedish emigrants to France
French emigrants
Immigrants to Yugoslavia
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Russian people of Serbian descent


Ivan Lendl was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Stefan Edberg.

Boris Becker won in the final 7–6(7–4), 6–4, 6–4 against Edberg.

Seeds
All sixteen seeds received a bye to the second round.

  Stefan Edberg (final)
  Boris Becker (champion)
  Ivan Lendl (semifinals)
  Brad Gilbert (second round)
  Aaron Krickstein (second round)
  Michael Chang (third round)
  Richard Fromberg (second round)
  Richey Reneberg (quarterfinals)
  David Wheaton (quarterfinals)
  Wally Masur (third round)
  Carl-Uwe Steeb (second round)
  Derrick Rostagno (second round)
  Darren Cahill (second round)
  Jim Grabb (second round)
  Mark Kratzmann (third round)
  Kelly Evernden (third round)

Draw

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

External links
 1990 Australian Indoor Championships draw

Singles


Victor Horrocks (1884 – 7 January 1922) was an English footballer who played football in Staffordshire, most notable with Stoke and Port Vale.

Career
Horrocks played for local sides Goldenhill Wanderers, Stoke (without playing a first team game), Talke United, Sandyford and Goldenhill United, before signing with Burslem Port Vale in April 1905. He scored on his debut at outside-left in a 3–1 defeat by Bolton Wanderers at Burnden Park on 15 April. Six days later he scored in a 3–2 win over Gainsborough Trinity at the Athletic Ground, and ended the 1904–05 season with two goals in four Second Division games. He played 19 league and two FA Cup games in the 1905–06 campaign, and featured just ten times in the 1906–07 season as he was affected by injury. The club suffered a financial crisis and went into liquidation in summer 1907, and was forced to release all its players, including Horrocks. He returned to Goldenhill United, before re-joining Stoke. He opened his account for the "Potters" on 10 October 1908, claiming two goals in a 7–0 win over Wellington Town at the Victoria Ground, and went on to score six goals in 19 appearances in the 1908–09 season for the Birmingham & District League side. He featured in just one FA Cup game in the 1909–10 season and played only one Southern League game in the 1910–11 campaign. He scored a hat-trick in his final appearance for Stoke, a 3–0 win over Chesham Town on 5 November 1910. He rejoined Port Vale in September 1911. However, he played just four Central League games before getting released for a second time, most likely in 1912. He moved on to Congleton Town before dying in his late 30s.

Career statistics
Source:

References

1884 births
1922 deaths
People from Goldenhill
Footballers from Stoke-on-Trent
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Stoke City F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Congleton Town F.C. players
English Football League players
Southern Football League players


Thomas Ambler (1838 – 1920) was an English architect, living and working in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.

Ambler was a friend of the Mayor of Leeds and Member of Parliament, John Barran, who became his patron.

Among Ambler's surviving works are the Grade II* listed Moorish factory (now offices) of St Paul's House in Park Square, Leeds, Grade II listed buildings on the south side of Boar Lane, St James's Hall in New York Street, and the Grade II listed Alf Cooke printworks in Hunslet Road which now forms part of the Printworks Campus of Leeds City College.

References

External links

1838 births
1920 deaths
19th-century English architects
Architects from Leeds


Michael Sfard (; born 1972) is a lawyer and political activist specializing in international human rights law and the laws of war. He has served as counsel in various cases on these topics in Israel. Sfard has represented a variety of Israeli and Palestinian human rights and peace organizations, movements and activists at the Israeli Supreme Court.

Life and work
Michael Sfard was born in 1972 in the Rehov Brazil public housing complex in Kiryat HaYovel, Jerusalem.

Sfard is the grandchild of Holocaust survivors. His parents had been expelled from Poland for their involvement in the University of Warsaw student uprisings against the Communist Government in 1968. When he was five, his family moved to an apartment building in Ma'alot Dafna that was home to many journalists.

Sfard completed a law degree (LLB) at Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

He was a reservist for the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) in the Gaza Strip while at law school. He served in the Nahal Brigade of the IDF, mostly in Lebanon, as a military paramedic. According to Sfard, before his reserve duty in Gaza, he believed "left-wing soldiers" should agree to patrol the Palestinian territories "to stop bad things from happening" rather than be conscientious objectors.

While serving in Gaza his views changed, and in a later reservist session, Sfard became a conscientious objector and spent three weeks in military prison due to his refusal to serve as escort for Israeli settlers in Hebron. He was released from the army in 1994 and attended a course on Jewish-Arab encounters at Neve Shalom. He started his legal apprenticeship with Avigdor Feldman in 1998 and worked with him for several years as an attorney.

In 2000, Sfard and his wife moved to London so that he could pursue a master's degree, but he says it was also "to get away" from Israel. He studied international human rights law, "discovered the subject [he] wanted to work in" and returned the following year having decided that emigration from Israel was "a tragedy".

He completed his Master of Laws at University College London. Shortly after Sfard returned, he attended the first conference of the group Courage to Refuse, "saw 200 people who thought and felt like [he] did", and decided to be an activist. In early 2004, Sfard opened his own office in Tel Aviv.

Sfard has described Shulamit Aloni as a "major influence" who introduced him through her activities to the world of human rights in Israel.

Sfard's has expressed his views on the role the media play in his work. He feels that "the media are an important part of the work. They are a tool."  In addition, he said that media can influence or create the debate. But, he also said that "I, as any lawyer, have a fear of cameras entering the sanctified zone between the lawyer and the client."

Articles by Sfard have been published by Haaretz, The Independent and The Observer.

Sfard is the grandson of sociologist Zygmunt Bauman and writer Janina Bauman on his mother's side and of Communist Yiddish author David Sfard and Cinema Studies Professor Regina Dreyer on his father's side. His father Leon is a mathematician and his mother Anna Sfard is a Professor of Mathematics Education in the Department of Education at the University of Haifa.

Legal activities
Sfard has represented a variety of Israeli and Palestinian human rights and peace organizations, movements and activists at the Israeli Supreme Court. His clients are "mostly Palestinians who live in the West Bank and need permits to come into Israel."

According to the New York Times, he has brought many cases to challenge the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories, represented hundreds of Israeli soldiers who have refused to serve, with the work mostly being financed "by Israel's premier left-wing nonprofit organizations, which in turn are financed in part by European governments". Sfard and his law office provide legal counsel for Yesh Din. Sfard is legal counsel for Peace Now.

Cases which Sfard has handled include:
 Sfard filed a petition on behalf of a group of Israeli Human Rights organizations against the IDF decision to reduce the size of the humanitarian "safety zone" during bombardments of Gaza.
 Sfard has litigated a case on behalf of the Israeli human rights organization Hamoked, against the "permit system" which governs the area between the separation fence and the 1949 armistice line.
 Sfard represented Peace Now in a petition against settlement outposts. Sfard litigated the case for the demolition of nine houses built illegally on Palestinian private land, in the outpost known as "Amona". He also litigates the case in which Peace Now demands to evacuate an outpost called "Migron".
 A case involving the International Solidarity Movement's Brian Avery, who was wounded during the course of his activities in Jenin. Avery was injured in the head by IDF soldiers. Avery accepted a settlement for NIS 600,000 (USD $150,000) from the state of Israel in exchange for dropping the lawsuit. Shlomo Lecker was his Israeli lawyer and Sfard represented him as well.
 Sfard and co-counsel Carmel Pomerantz, represented 17 Bedouins, who lived near Beer Sheva, claiming the land they were on, including Al-Araqeeb, belonged to them rather than to the State of Israel. The judge ruled in favor of the State saying that the land was not "assigned to the plaintiffs, nor held by them under conditions required by law" and that they still had to "prove their rights to the land by proof of its registration in the Tabu". Furthermore, the judge said that the Bedouins knew they were supposed to register, but didn't, saying "although the complainants are not entitled to compensation, it has been willing to negotiate with them…it is a shame that these negotiations did not reach any agreement." The court ordered the Bedouins to pay legal costs of 50,000NIS.

Reception
The New York Times described Sfard as "the left’s leading lawyer in Israel".

The New America Foundation described Sfard as "Israel's pre-eminent legal expert on settlements and the challenges posed by the broader infrastructure of Israeli occupation to the daily life of Palestinians, to the two-state solution, to American policy and to Israel's democracy" and "Israel's most respected human rights lawyer".

In 2011, a settler from Kiryat Arba was indicted after calling for his assassination in an Internet posting.

Israeli Knesset Member Danny Danon of the right-wing Likud party accused Sfard of "trying to bypass democracy" through promoting ideas in the Israeli "legal system because his ideas are not welcome in Israeli society."

Gerald Steinberg, president of NGO Monitor, said that Sfard "sees the courts as the way to force the changes that he perceives as necessary for Israel, [b]ut he doesn't convince the Israeli public. In any democratic process, you can't use just the legal system to impose an ideology."

Naftali Balanson, Managing Editor of NGO Monitor, said Sfard "is at the center of the NGO industry that exploits the rhetoric of human rights in the context of the Arab-Israeli conflict."

Books
Dov Hanin, Michael Sfard, Sharon Rotbard, editors, The Refusenik Trials: The Military Prosecution of Hagai Matar, Matan Kaminer, Noam Bahat Shimri Tsameret, Adam Maor. The Military Prosecution of Yonatan Ben-Artzi, Babel, 2004.
The Last Spy (2007), the biography of the Soviet spy Marcus Klingberg, written by Klingberg with Sfard.
Homa v'mehdal (English title The Wall of Folly) (2008), about the West Bank barrier, written by Reserves Brigadier General Shaul Arieli and Sfard.
The Wall and the Gate: Israel, Palestine, and the Legal Battle for Human Rights (2018)

References

External links

Living people
1972 births
Israeli lawyers
Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Law alumni
Alumni of University College London
Activists from Jerusalem
Lawyers from Jerusalem
Israeli soldiers


This page shows the results of the Karate Competition for men and women at the 2003 Pan American Games, held from August 1 to August 17, 2003 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

Men's competition

Kata

Kumite (– 62 kg)

Kumite (– 68 kg)

Kumite (– 74 kg)

Kumite (– 80 kg)

Kumite (+ 80 kg)

Women's competition

Kata

Kumite (– 58 kg)

Kumite (+ 58 kg)

Medal table

References
 Sports 123

P
2003
Events at the 2003 Pan American Games


The Seaside Aquarium is a privately owned aquarium in Seaside, Oregon, United States. It is one of the oldest aquariums on the West Coast.

History
The building where the aquarium is located was built initially as a natatorium in the 1920s, an indoor saltwater public bath, with the water pumped from the Pacific Ocean through a pipe still visible today at the tide line, and then heated. It featured balconies where people could watch others swim in the pool below. A decade later, the Great Depression ended its economic feasibility. The building later served as a salmon rearing facility and then a place to watch wrestling matches. The aquarium was founded in 1937, making it one of the oldest in the United States. It uses the same pipe that was installed in the 1920s to fill the aquarium tanks.

Features

The Seaside Aquarium reports 100 species of marine life including 20-"arm" sea stars, crabs, wolf eels, moray eels, and octopuses. The Seaside Aquarium established the first program to breed harbor seals in captivity and allows visitors the chance to feed its seals.

During March 2013, a boat lost during the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami drifted across the Pacific Ocean and washed up on the shores of Washington carrying trapped live fish. The sole remaining so-called tsunami fish was put on display at the Seaside Aquarium.

Notes

External links

1937 establishments in Oregon
Aquaria in Oregon
Buildings and structures in Clatsop County, Oregon
Oregon Coast
Seaside, Oregon
Tourist attractions in Clatsop County, Oregon


A Lawless Street is a 1955 American Western film directed by Joseph H. Lewis and starring Randolph Scott and Angela Lansbury. The film is also known as The Marshal of Medicine Bend in the United States.

Plot
The marshal of Medicine Bend, Calem Ware (Randolph Scott), tries to keep peace in a lawless town while trying to prevent himself from being killed. The arrival of a show troupe re-unites the marshal with someone from his past, leading to a showdown with his would-be killers and his old flame, Tally Dickenson (Angela Lansbury).

A secret conspiracy to oust the marshal exists between saloon owner Cody Clark (John Emery) and Hamer Thorne (Warner Anderson), owner of the music hall where Tally is appearing. Thorne fancies himself a ladies' man and is playing several women at once—Tally and Cora Dean (Jean Parker), the lonely, middle-aged wife of a wealthy rancher Asaph Dean (James Bell) who is a Ware ally.

Marshal Ware gets into a brutal fistfight with Dooley (Don Megowan), the brother of a man the marshal killed in self-defense. Dooley is impressed enough by the beating he took that he also becomes the marshal's ally.

Clark and Thorne resort to bringing in a hired gun, Harley Baskam (Michael Pate) to kill Ware. Ware loses a gunfight to Baskam, but he is only unconscious from a bullet that creased his head. Ware's friends keep him concealed in the town jail until he is recovered enough to fight back.

The town goes through a brief period of lawlessness, but Cora discovers Thorne's true nature and offers to turn state's evidence. When Ware is recovered, he makes quick work of Baskam in a second showdown.

Thorne accidentally kills Clark when he hears a doorknob rattle and assumes Ware is on the other side of the door. A posse catches up with Thorne.

With the town cleaned up for good, Ware resigns as marshal and leaves town to renew his relationship with Tally, who now understands better about Ware's devotion to duty.

Cast
Randolph Scott as Marshal Calem Ware
Angela Lansbury as Tally Dickenson
Warner Anderson as Hamer Thorne
Jean Parker as Cora Dean
Wallace Ford as Dr. Amos Wynn
John Emery as Cody Clark
James Bell as Asaph Dean
Ruth Donnelly as Molly Higgins
Harry Antrim as Mayor Kent
Michael Pate as Harley Baskam
Don Megowan as Dooley

See also
List of American films of 1955

References

External links

1955 films
Columbia Pictures films
American Western (genre) films
1955 Western (genre) films
Films directed by Joseph H. Lewis
Films scored by Paul Sawtell
1950s English-language films
1950s American films


Aizkraukle Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2001 by merging town Aizkraukle and Aizkraukle Parish the administrative centre being Aizkraukle. The population in 2020 was 8,024.

As a part of the 2021 Latvian administrative reform, the municipalities of Aizkraukle, Jaunjelgava, Koknese, Nereta, Pļaviņas and Skrīveri were merged into the new Aizkraukle Municipality. The new municipality encompasses nearly all of the area of the former Aizkraukle District, with the omission of Kurmene Parish and Valle Parish.

Subdivisions

 Aiviekste Parish
 Aizkraukle Parish
 Aizkraukle
 Bebri Parish
 Daudzese Parish
 Irši Parish
 Jaunjelgava Parish
 Jaunjelgava
 Klintaine Parish
 Koknese Parish
 Koknese
 Mazzalve Parish
 Nereta Parish
 Pilskalne Parish
 Pļaviņas
 Sece Parish
 Sērene Parish
 Skrīveri Parish
 Staburags Parish
 Sunākste Parish
 Vietalva Parish
 Zalve Parish

Twin towns – sister cities

Aizkraukle is twinned with:

 Biržai, Lithuania
 Eppstein, Germany
 Kiskunhalas, Hungary
 Slavutych, Ukraine
 Tczew, Poland
 Thale, Germany

Images

See also
Administrative divisions of Latvia

References

Municipalities of Latvia


Venugopal (born 26 January 1957), popularly known as Venu, is an Indian cinematographer and film director who works mainly in Malayalam cinema. An alumnus of the Film and Television Institute of India, Pune and CMS college Kottayam. He has been the recipient of four National Film Awards, including three for Best Cinematography and one Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director, and four Kerala State Film Awards. He is a founding member of the Indian Society of Cinematographers (ISC).

Personal life

Venu is the grandson of Malayalam author Karur Neelakanta Pillai. Venu is married to Indian film editor Beena Paul since 26 August 1983.The couple has a daughter Malavika who is married to an Englishman and is the Manager of the Great North Museum: Hancock.

Career
Venu graduated from the Film and Television Institute of India, Pune, with a diploma in motion picture photography in 1982. He has worked as cinematographer in over 80 feature films with Mani Kaul, K G George, John Abraham, Buddhadeb Dasgupta, Pamela Rooks, Padmarajan, Bharathan and M. T. Vasudevan Nair.

In 1987, Venu received his first National Film Award (jointly for Amma Ariyan and Namukku Parkkan Munthiri Thoppukal). He went onto receive two more awards for Miss Beatty's Children (1993) and Ponthan Mada (1994). In 1998, he made his directorial debut with Daya, a period fiction written by M. T. Vasudevan Nair. The film won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Debut Director and Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director. In 2014, he directed his second film, Munnariyippu, starring Mammootty. His latest work is Carbon, starring Fahadh Faasil.

Filmography

As cinematographer

Malayalam

Hindi
Mati Manas (1984)
Tarpan (1994)
Matrubhoomi: A Nation Without Women (2003)
Maharathi (2008)

Bengali
Bagh Bahadur (1989)
Tahader Katha  (1992)
Lal Darja (1997)
Mondo Meyer Upakhyan (2002)
Swapner Din (2004)

Tamil
Guna (1991)
Minsara Kanavu (1997)
Anbe Aaruyire (2005)
Thirumagan (2007)

English
Miss Beatty's Children  (1992)
Taj Mahal: A Monument of Love (2003)

Telugu
Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana (2005)
Pournami (2006)
Jai Chiranjeeva (2005)

As director
Daya (1998)
Munnariyippu (2014)
Carbon (2018)
Aanum Pennum (2021)

References

External links

Living people
Malayalam film directors
Film and Television Institute of India alumni
Best Cinematography National Film Award winners
Malayalam film cinematographers
20th-century Indian photographers
21st-century Indian photographers
Film directors from Alappuzha district
20th-century Indian film directors
21st-century Indian film directors
Cinematographers from Kerala
Malayalam screenwriters
Screenwriters from Kerala
Director whose film won the Best Debut Feature Film National Film Award
1961 births


Aiviekste Parish (), is an administrative unit of Aizkraukle Municipality, Latvia. As of 2011 population of Aiviekste Parish is 818 people. Latvian law defines Aiviekste Parish as belonging partly to the Vidzeme region and partly to Latgale.

Towns, villages and settlements of Aiviekste Parish
Aizpurves
Āpēni
Draudavas
Ezerkrasti
Ģeriņi
Īvāni
Juči
Kriškalni
Ķūģi
Maiļupsala
Mālkalni
Mežezers
Ozolsala

References

Parishes of Latvia
Aizkraukle Municipality
Vidzeme
Latgale


The 4th Goya Awards were presented in Madrid, Spain on 10 March 1990.

Twisted Obsession won the award for Best Film.

Winners and nominees

Major award nominees

Other award nominees

Honorary Goya

Victoriano López García

References

External links
Official website (Spanish)
IMDb profile

04
1989 film awards
1989 in Spanish cinema


Bebri Parish () is an administrative unit of Aizkraukle Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia.

Towns, villages and settlements of Bebri Parish
Blankas
Gaidupes
Jaunbebri
Ozoli
Tupiešēni
Vecbebri
Vēži
Zutēni

References

Parishes of Latvia
Aizkraukle Municipality
Vidzeme


Table for 12 is an American reality television series featuring the Hayes family, with two sets of twins and a set of sextuplets, who reside in Morganville, New Jersey. The series debuted on TLC in 2009.

The episodes of Table for 12 look at the Hayes family through events such as preparing to go back to school, birthdays, a road trip and more. The episodes show outings and daily things but with two sets of twins and four year old sextuplets.  All of the children were conceived with the help of follicle stimulation.

Cast
The cast consists of parents Eric and Elizabeth "Betty" Hayes (née Figler), and their children Kevin, Kyle, Kieran, Meghan, Tara, Rachel, Ryan, Connor, Rebecca, and EJ Hayes.

Episodes

Season 1 (2009)

Season 2 (2009)

Specials

References

2009 American television series debuts
2000s American reality television series
2009 American television series endings
Television shows set in New Jersey
Marlboro Township, New Jersey
TLC (TV network) original programming
Television series about children
Television series about families


Conor O'Sullivan (born 8 March 1989) is an Irish hurler who plays for Cork Senior Championship club Sarsfields and at inter-county level with the Cork senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a left corner-back.

Playing career

Glanmire Community College

O'Sullivan first came to prominence as a hurler with Glanmire Community College. Having played at every grade, he was a midfielder on the college's senior team that played in the Harty Cup.

University College Cork

During his studies at University College Cork, O'Sullivan established himself as a forward on the senior hurling team. On 7 March 2009, he lined out at left corner-back when UCC defeated the University of Limerick by 2-17 to 0-14 to win the Fitzgibbon Cup.

Sarsfields

O'Sullivan joined the Sarsfields club at a young age and played in all grades at juvenile and underage levels. On 27 October 2007, he partnered Daniel Kearney at midfield when Sarsfields defeated Midleton by 2-15 to 1-08 to win the Premier Minor Hurling Championship title.

On 3 May 2008, O'Sullivan made his first appearance for the Sarsfields senior team when he lined out at left corner-back in a 2-09 to 2-08 defeat of Ballinhassig. He retained his position on the starting fifteen throughout the championship. On 28 September, he won his first Cork Senior Championship medal following a 2-14 to 2-13 defeat of Bride Rovers in the final.

After losing the 2009 final to Newtownshandrum, Sarsfields were back in a third successive decider on 10 October 2010. O'Sullivan scored 1-01 from frees in the 1-17 to 0-18 defeat of Glen Rovers.

On 7 October 2012, Sarsfields lined out in their fourth championship final in five seasons. O'Sullivan was at left corner-back and collected his third winners' medal following the 1-15 to 1-14 defeat of Bishopstown.

Sarsfields again failed to retain the title in 2012 after suffering a two-point defeat by Midleton, however, O'Sullivan played in his sixth final in seven seasons on 12 October 2014. Lining out at left corner-back he collected a fourth winners' medal after a 2-18 to 0-08 defeat of Glen Rovers.

Cork

Under-21

O'Sullivan was added to the Cork under-21 panel in advance of the 2009 Munster Championship. He made his first appearance for the team on 3 June 2009 when he lined out at left corner-back in a 2-22 to 0-25 defeat by Tipperary.

Senior

O'Sullivan first played for the Cork senior team as a member of the so-called Cork "development panel" in late 2008. This new team came into being as a result of the 2008 hurling panel's refusal to play under manager Gerald McCarthy. O'Sullivan made his first appearance on 23 November 2008 when he lined out at right corner-back in a challenge game to celebrate the 150th anniversary of St. Colman's College. He later impressed in some subsequent challenge games and was included on the Cork panel for the 2009 National League campaign. O'Sullivan made his competitive debut on 8 February 2009 when he lined out at left corner-back in a 4-14 to 1-14 defeat by Dublin. When the striking hurlers returned for the latter stages of the National League, O'Sullivan was one of four players retained from the "development panel" who were retained. He was later included in Cork's panel for the 2009 Munster Championship and made his first appearance on 31 May in a 1-19 to 0-19 defeat by Tipperary.

On 6 May 2012, O'Sullivan was named on the bench for Cork's National League final meeting with Kilkenny. He was introduced as a half-time substitute for Stephen McDonnell in the 3-21 to 0-16 defeat.

O'Sullivan lined out in his first Munster final on 14 July 2013. He was named in his usual position of left corner-back for the 0-24 to 0-15 defeat by Limerick. On 8 September, O'Sullivan was again at left corner-back when Cork drew 3-16 to 0-25 with Clare in the All-Ireland final. He retained his position on the starting fifteen for the subsequent replay on 28 September, which saw Cork lose by 5–16 to 3–16.

On 3 July 2014, an ongoing hamstring injury meant O'Sullivan was named on the bench when Cork faced Limerick in a second successive Munster final. He remained on the bench for the entire game but collected a Munster Championship medal following the 2-24 to 0-24 victory.

On 21 April 2015, it was announced that O'Sullivan had left the Cork senior panel. Team selector Johnny Crowley said: "“Obviously, we’d have liked if Conor had stayed...it was his choice, we asked him to think about it but he said he wanted to focus on his club hurling." A change of management at the end of the season saw O'Sullivan return to the Cork senior team. On 29 October, he was named as part of Kieran Kingston's first provisional panel.

On 9 July 2017, O'Sullivan failed to be included on the 26-man match-day panel for the Munster final. He remained a member of the extended panel and collected a second winners' medal following the 1-25 to 1-20 defeat of Clare.

On 1 July 2018, O'Sullivan was named amongst the substitutes for Cork's second successive Munster final-meeting with Clare. He remained on the bench but ended the game with a third winners' medal following a 2-24 to 3-19 victory.

Career statistics

References

External links
Conor O'Sullivan profile at the Cork GAA website

1989 births
Living people
Hurling backs
UCC hurlers
Sarsfields (Cork) hurlers
Cork inter-county hurlers


Daudzese Parish () is an administrative unit of Aizkraukle Municipality, Latvia. From 2009 until 2021 it was part of the former Jaunjelgava Municipality (prior to the 2009 administrative-territorial reforms of Aizkraukle District). As of 2011 the population of Daudzese Parish stood at 1140 people. Latvian law defines Daudzese Parish as a part of the region of Selonia.

Towns, villages and settlements of Daudzese Parish
Daudzese
Daudzeva

References

Parishes of Latvia
Aizkraukle Municipality
Selonia


Irši Parish () is an administrative unit of Aizkraukle Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia.

Towns, villages and settlements of Irši parish
Irši

Parishes of Latvia
Aizkraukle Municipality
Vidzeme


is a Japanese manufacturer of zinc related products. Established in 1937, it smelts nonferrous metals such as lead and zinc and produces electronic components.  There are seven branches in Japan and two branches in China, in Hong Kong and Shanghai.  The company was responsible for cadmium poisoning on Tsushima Island in the late twentieth century.

The company is Japan’s third-biggest producer of zinc.

Operations
Toho Zinc has four manufacturing sites in Japan:

 Annaka smelter and refinery with zinc smelting and refining operations
 Chigirishima smelter and refinery with lead smelting and refining operations
 Onahama smelter and refinery recycling operations
 Fujioka Works at which electronic components and materials are produced

References

External links

Toho Zinc official website
Toho Zinc official website

Electronics companies of Japan
Mining companies of Japan
Manufacturing companies based in Tokyo
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Manufacturing companies established in 1937
Japanese brands
Japanese companies established in 1937


Germán Gullón (Santander, May 21, 1945), literary critic and writer,  is a professor of Spanish literature and member of the Amsterdam School for Cultural Analysis at the University of Amsterdam. He has authored, beside his scholarly works and essays, two books of short stories, Adiós, Helena de Troya and Azulete, and two novels, Querida hija and La codicia de Guillermo de Orange.

Career

Gullón's career as a university professor began after he obtained a bachelor's degree at the University of Salamanca (1969), where he wrote his MA thesis with Fernando Lázaro Carreter and studied with Ricardo Senabre and José Luis Pensado. After obtaining a PhD at the University of Texas at Austin (1970–1973), he was appointed assistant professor of Spanish at University of Pennsylvania, where he taught from 1973 to 1988. Under the chairmanship of Russell P. Sebold, and the presence of scholars like Samuel Armistead, Gonzalo Sobejano and Paul M. Lloyd, the Penn Spanish Department rose to prominence in the U.S. and became known for its faculty's ability to combine research based on philological knowledge with theoretical criticism.

At Penn Gullón obtained a Lindback Award for Distinguished Teaching, appointment as Professor of Spanish Literature, and worked for more than fifteen years as associate editor of the Hispanic Review. Later he moved on to the University of California(Davis), where he was chairman of the Department of Spanish and Classics and became a colleague of such distinguished Hispanists as Samuel Armistead and Antonio Sánchez Romeralo. He has also been a visiting professor at the University of Santiago de Compostela (Literary Theory), Middlebury College (Summer, 1990) and the University Carlos III of Madrid (2000–2001).

Among the honours obtained by Gullón are an Honorary MA from the University of Pennsylvania, different scholarships, the American Philosophical Society and the Guggenheim. The Guggenheim allowed him to spend a year in Spain researching what soon would be one of his most celebrated books, La novela moderna en España. He has also been the President of the International Association of Galdosistas and the Director of the Cervantes Institute in Utrecht (1997–1998).

Gullón has also been member of the jury of the Premio Nadal (2000–2016) and of the Premio Ciudad de Valladolid. He is a critic for El Cultural, where he is a reviewer of British novels, European contemporary and of critical texts. Gullón himself directs the Virtual Cervantes Library portal of the Contemporary Spanish Novel (662,000 visits in May 2007).

Literary critic

The literary criticism of Germán Gullón offers three different facets: the scholarly one, the author of literary studies, the text editor of Spanish literature  of the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries, and the one as literary critic. As author of literary studies emphasizes his works about the 19th century and about the modernism (end of the century and Generation of '98). His contribution has been very important, within the line of formalistic works started by Ricardo Gullón, Fernando Lázaro Carreter, Francisco Rico and Darío Villanueva Prieto, because it is the one who has insisted on the importance of the way in which the works are narrated and his influence in the configuration of the meaning. Their editions have also supposed a landmark in the edition of classic Spanish moderns, for taking an original point of view. Instead of to assume since one becomes in the classic text editing that the text is one, that belongs exclusively to the author of the same, Gullón presents/displays texts published in its context, and explains how the meaning of the same goes is changing with time, that is to say, considers to the literary text like alive. Also amplify the concept of authorism, that does not reduce to the author properly, but to whatever contributes to the creation of the text, like the publisher, to the collection in which it appears, etc. Finally as literary critic it appears in El Cultural of El Mundo. His reviews always demonstrate a mixture of information, opinion and literary knowledge. His last two books, Los mercaderes en el templo de la literatura and Una Venus mutilada: La crítica literaria en la España actual, constitutes the most solid invitation to the debate done by a critic in the last decade in Spain.

Works

Critical studies

(Co-editor) Teoría de la novela, Madrid, Taurus, 1974.
 (Co-editor) Surrealismo/Surrealismos; Latinoamérica y España, Filadelfia, University of Pennsylvania, 1977.
El narrador en la novela del siglo XIX, Madrid, Taurus, 1976.
La novela como acto imaginativo, Madrid, Taurus, 1983.
La novela del XIX: Estudio sobre su evolución formal, Amsterdam, Rodopi,1990
La novela moderna en España (1885–1902): Los albores de la modernidad, Madrid, Taurus, 1992.
La novela en la libertad: Introducción a la lectura cultural de la narrativa, Zaragoza, Tropelías, Universidad de Zaragoza, 1999.
El jardín interior de la burguesía. La novela moderna en España (1885–1902, Madrid, Biblioteca Nueva, 2003.
Los mercaderes en el templo de la literatura, Madrid, Caballo de Troya, 2004.
La modernidad silenciada: La cultura española en torno a 1900, Madrid, Biblioteca Nueva, 2006.
Una Venus mutilada. La crítica literaria en la España actual, Madrid, Biblioteca Nueva, 2008.
El sexto sentido. La lectura en la era digital, Vigo, Academia del Hispanismo, 2010.

Editions

Sotileza, por José María Pereda, Madrid, Espasa Calpe,1999; 2a edición 2007.
Niebla, por Miguel de Unamuno, Madrid, Espasa Calpe, 2006.
Cándida otra vez, por Marina Mayoral, Madrid Castalia,1992.
Primera memoria, por Ana María Matute, Barcelona, Destino, 1996.
Historias del Kronen, por José Ángel Mañas, Barcelona, Destino, 1998; 6a edición, 2004.
Edad de oro, por Juan Ramón Jiménez. Introducción, edición y notas de G. Gullón y Heilette van Ree, Obra poética, vol. II: Obra en prosa, Madrid, Espasa Calpe, 2005.
Miau, por Benito Pérez Galdós, Madrid, Espasa Calpe, 1999; 9a edición, 2007.
La desheredada, por Benito Pérez Galdós, Madrid, Cátedra,2000; 4a edición 2008.
Doña Perfecta, por Benito Pérez Galdós, Madrid, Espasa Calpe, 2003; 8a edición, 2007
Tristana, por Benito Pérez Galdós, Madrid, Espasa Calpe, 2006, 2a edición 2008.
Fortunata y Jacinta[Antología de estudios críticos], Madrid, Taurus, 1986.
El alquimista impaciente, por Lorenzo Silva, Madrid, Espasa Calpe, 2008.
El 19 de marzo y el 2 de mayo, por Benito Pérez Galdós, Madrid, Biblioteca Nueva, 2008.
Fortunata y Jacinta, por Benito Pérez Galdós, Madrid, Espasa Calpe, 2008.
Cádiz, por Benito Pérez Galdós, Madrid, Espasa Calpe, 2011.

Novels and Short stories

Adiós, Helena de Troya, Barcelona, Destino, 1997
Azulete, Barcelona, Destino, 2000
Querida hija, Barcelona, Destino, 1999; Planeta D'Agostini, 2001

Other publications

 Prologos a Benito Pérez Galdós Misericordia(Círculo de Lectores);Miguel Herráez La estrategia de la postmodernidad en Eduardo Mendoza(Barcelona, Ronsel, 1998); Ángel Ganivet,Los trabajos ddel infatigable creador Pío Cid (Granada, Diputación de Granada, 2000);(Estudio Preliminar) Ricardo Gullón, El destello (Santander, Universidad de Cantabria, 2003;

References

External links
 Official page of Germán Gullón
 Works of Germán Gullón in the Virtual Library Cervantes

1945 births
Living people
People from Santander, Spain
Writers from Cantabria
Academic staff of the University of Amsterdam
University of Salamanca alumni
University of Texas at Austin alumni


Klintaine Parish () is an administrative unit of Aizkraukle Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. As of 2011 population of Klintaine Parish is 855 people.

Towns, villages and settlements of Klintaine Parish
Alkšņi
Čulkstēni
Dīķīši
Klintaine
Mūrnieki
Rīteri
Salas
Stukmaņi
Sturti
Zemlejas

Parishes of Latvia
Aizkraukle Municipality
Vidzeme


is a Japanese department store chain owned by Tokyu Group.

Stores

Japan
Kichijoji
Tama Plaza
Sapporo

Closed Branches
Shibuya Toyoko (Shibuya Station), closed down on March 31, 2020.
Shibuya Honten (flagship store), closed down on January 31, 2023.

Closed Branches outside Japan

Thailand
 Inside MBK Center, the first store opened in 1985. Closed down on January 31, 2021.
 Inside Paradise Park, opened on June 19, 2015. Closed down on January 31, 2019.

See also
Shirokiya

References

External links

Department Store
Department stores of Japan
Defunct department stores of Thailand
Companies formerly listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange


The Miss Perú 2004 pageant was held on April 19, 2004. Twenty candidates competed for the national crown. The winners represented Peru at the Miss Universe 2004, and Miss World 2004, respectively. The rest of the finalists go to different pageants.

Placements

Special Awards

 Best Regional Costume - Lambayeque - Diana Falla
 Miss Photogenic - Trujillo - María Julia Mantilla
 Miss Elegance - Tumbes - Silvana Benavides
 Miss Body - Pasco - Liesel Holler
 Best Hair - La Libertad - Lucía Alva Espinoza
 Miss Congeniality - Ucayali - Cinthy Llempen
 Most Beautiful Face - Trujillo - María Julia Mantilla
 Best Smile - Pasco - Liesel Holler
 Miss Internet - Trujillo - María Julia Mantilla

Delegates

Amazonas - Fiorella Ursula Castellano Romero
Áncash - Leslie  Stuart Corzo
Arequipa - Pamela Carolyne Chávez Aguirre
Ayacucho - Yanella Aneth Aguilar Pieri
Cajamarca - Marianella Cáceres Campos
Callao - Andrea Ines Mass
Cuzco - Angela Herrera Gustavino
Distrito Capital - Bárbara Orneasa Casallo Rubio
Junín - Tatiana Andreina Miranda Baptista
La Libertad - Lucía Alva Espinoza

Lambayeque - Diana Falla Valdiviezo
Loreto - Blanca Maria Llerena Reategui
Moquegua - Pierina Calderón Augusto
Pasco - Liesel Holler
Piura - Fiorella Lizarzaburu Ostos
San Martín - Paola Marissa Merea Ortiz
Tacna - Silvia Maldonado Angulo
Trujillo - María Julia Mantilla
Tumbes - Silvana Benavides Arce
Ucayali - Cinthy Llempen Lorenzini

Music & Special Guests Singers

Opening Show – Diana King - "Say A Little Prayer"
Swimsuit Competition – Bond - "Fuego"
Evening Gown Competition – Yanni - "Aria"
Luis Jara - "No sé Olvidarte"

References

External links
http://www.perumodelos.com/missperu2004/finalistas.htm
http://www.perumodelos.com/missperu2004/
http://www.bellezavenezolana.net/news/2004/Abril/20040419.htm
http://www.bellezavenezolana.net/news/2004/Abril/20040420.htm

Miss Peru
2004 in Peru
2004 beauty pageants


Koknese Parish () is an administrative unit of Aizkraukle Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia.

Towns, villages and settlements of Koknese Parish
Atradze
Auliciems
Bilstiņi
Birznieki
Bormaņi
Kalnakrogs
Kaplava
Koknese
Lipši
Ratnicēni
Reiņi
Spriņģi
Upeslīči
Urgas
Ūsiņi
Viskāļi

Notable people
 Pēteris Stučka

Parishes of Latvia
Aizkraukle Municipality
Vidzeme


The Concubine's Children: Portrait of a Family Divided is a non-fiction book written by Chinese-Canadian writer Denise Chong, first published in January 1995 by Penguin Books. In the book, the author traces her family's history, giving a narrative account of members from both sides of the ocean. The Concubine's Children is Chong's first book, which she compiled from letters, photographs and memory. The award-winning book has been called an "astonishing tale" written in "clear and unflinching prose".

Synopsis
The Concubine's Children documents the life of Denise Chong's grandfather, Chan Sam; grandmother, May-ying; her mother, Hing (or Winnie, as she was known outside of Chinatown); her mother's siblings, Ping, Nan, and Gok-leng; and half sibling, Yuen. Chan Sam had two wives, May-ying in Canada and Huangbo in China, dividing the family between Canada and China. Chong's mother, Hing, only knew one of her siblings while growing up, Gok-leng. The Concubine's Children documents the story of this family which spanned two continents, as well as the political, social, and cultural tensions in China and Canada, between 1848, when Chan Sam's father, Chong's great grandfather, first came to "Gold Mountain", the nickname by which Chinese people knew North America, and 1987 when Chong and Hing first met the "China family".

Chong was inspired to work on this family history–historical non-fiction novel after moving to Beijing in 1985, with her companion, and later husband, CTV correspondent Roger Smith.

While living in Peking, Denise Chong convinced her mother Hing/Winnie to join her on a three-week trip of China, which would take them to the village of Chang Gar Bin. Chang Gar Bin was Chan Sam's (Hing/Winnie's father and Denise Chong's grandfather)'s hometown, and the place where Hing's sisters, Ping and Nan, and half-brother Yueng, all of whom she had never met, had been raised. Before going to Chang Gar Bin, Denise contacted the Chinese foreign ministry in Canton, and discovered that two of her mother's siblings were still alive and living in Char Gar Bing. Hing's sister Nan had died when Hing was still a child and she had been aware of this passing. The Concubine's Children ends with a chapter describing this trip and the first meeting between then, 57-year-old Hing/Winnie and her siblings.

Media adaptations
Before being published as a novel, The Concubine's Children appeared as an article in the magazine Saturday Night. Indeed, the editor of this magazine, John Fraser, was instrumental in encouraging Denise Chong to produce her book. Since then The Concubine's Children has been converted into a stage play, by Chong herself. The play debuted in 2004 at TheatreOne in Nanaimo, BC, directed by Rick Scott.

Awards and honours
The Concubine's Children has won several awards including: The "City of Vancouver Book Award" in 1994; The "Edna Staebler Award for Creative Non-Fiction"; and The "VanCity Book Prize". The book was on the bestseller list of The Globe and Mail for 93 weeks, and was shortlisted for the "Governor-General's Literary Non-Fiction Award". The Concubine's Children has been translated into several languages.

References

Bibliography
Chong, Denise. The Concubine’s Children: Portrait of a Family Divided. Toronto: Penguin Books. 304 pp. January 1, 1995.

External links
Asian Magazine, Interview with Author Denise Chong, Interview by Jacalyn Soo, Retrieved 11/20/2012

1994 non-fiction books
Books adapted into plays
Canadian non-fiction books
Asian-Canadian literature


Kurmene Parish () is an administrative unit of Bauska Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia.

Towns, villages and settlements of Kurmene Parish
Kaijas
Kurmene
Vērdiņi

Parishes of Latvia
Bauska Municipality
Semigallia


Ebenezer Fitch (September 26, 1756 – March 21, 1833) was an American Calvinist clergyman and educator. He was the first president of Williams College.

Biography
Born in Norwich, Connecticut, Fitch graduated as valedictorian from Yale College in 1777. The American Revolutionary War was ongoing at the time, but because Fitch was a student and then resident tutor (1780–1783) at Yale, he was exempted from the military draft then in effect. He later tried his hand at business, but was largely unsuccessful, and was invited in 1790 to move to Williamstown, Massachusetts, and serve as preceptor of a new free academy for boys. Fitch took the position and made many changes to the institution, converting it into a college in 1793. As one of only two faculty members at the beginning, Fitch taught many classes himself. Highly religious, he gave the sermons on Sundays at the college and introduced the Westminster Catechism to Williams. But the college foundered, and Fitch resigned in 1815. He then served as a pastor at a Presbyterian church, and continued to preach until his death in West Bloomfield, New York.

Mount Fitch in the town of Adams, near Williamstown, was named after Fitch.

Fitch was a son of Dr. Jabez Fitch and Lydia (Huntington) Fitch.  His siblings included Jabez G. Fitch, who served as U.S. Marshal for Vermont.

References

1756 births
1833 deaths
American Presbyterian ministers
Religious leaders from Norwich, Connecticut
University and college founders
Presidents of Williams College
Yale College alumni
People of colonial Connecticut
American librarians


Mazzalve Parish () is an administrative unit of Aizkraukle Municipality in the Selonia region of Latvia.

Towns, villages and settlements of Mazzalve Parish
Ērberģe
Lielmēmele

Parishes of Latvia
Aizkraukle Municipality
Selonia