Kildare was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons to 1801.

History
In the Patriot Parliament of 1689 summoned by James II, Kildare Borough was represented with two members.

Members of Parliament
1560 John Abells and John Moore
1585 John Wesley and William Shirgold
1613–1615 Thomas Farbeck and Walter Fitzgerald
1634–1635 Christopher Wandesford and Philip Pilsworth
1639–1642 Christopher Wandesford (replaced by Nicholas Whyte) and Sir George Wentworth (died and replaced 1641 by Patrick Sarsfield) (Whyte and Sarsfield expelled 1642)
1642–1649 Alexander Borrowes (died and replaced 1643 by Robert Kennedy)
1661–1666 Francis Peasley (sat for Newcastle – replaced by Sir Thomas Harman) and John Pecke

1689–1801

Notes

References

Bibliography

Constituencies of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801)
Historic constituencies in County Kildare
Kildare (town)
1800 disestablishments in Ireland
Constituencies disestablished in 1800


The 2009 European Championship of Ski Mountaineering () was the eighth European Championship of ski mountaineering and was held in Alpago (Tambre, Italy) from February 19, 2009 to February 24, 2009. The competition was organized by the International Ski Mountaineering Federation (ISMF), successor organization of the International Council for Ski Mountaineering Competitions (ISMC).

Results

Nation ranking and medals
(all age groups)

Vertical race
Event held on February 20, 2009

List of the best 10 participants by gender:

Relay
Event held on February 21, 2009

List of the best 10 teams by gender:

Team
Event held on February 22, 2009

List of the best 10 teams by gender:

Individual
Event held on February 24, 2009

List of the best 10 participants by gender:

Combination ranking
combined ranking (results of the individual, team and vertical race events)

List of the best 10 participants by gender:

External links
 www.alpago2009.org

References

2009
Championship of Ski Mountaineering
International sports competitions hosted by Italy
Championship of Ski Mountaineering


Events in the year 1735 in Norway.

Incumbents
Monarch: Christian VI

Events
12 March - The first Holiday Peace Act was introduced.

Undated
Arendal is incorporated as a city through a royal charter.

Arts and literature

Births

Full date unknown
Anders Porsanger, Sami linguist and priest (died 1780)

Deaths


Kirtley Baker (June 24, 1869 – April 15, 1927) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Baltimore Orioles, Pittsburgh Alleghenys (now Pirates), and Washington Senators.

The Orioles attempted to convert Baker from pitching to hitting but was released when the short-lived experiment failed. After his career, he lived in Lawrenceburg, Indiana after his baseball career ended where he variously operated a soda fountain, candy store, movie theater and grocery store. He was also active in Freemasonry, the Knights of Pythias and Improved Order of Red Men.

References

External links

1869 births
1927 deaths
19th-century baseball players
Aurora Maroons players
Baltimore Orioles (NL) players
Baseball players from Indiana
Chattanooga Chatts players
Columbus Senators players
Major League Baseball pitchers
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Michael C. FitzGerald (born 1953)  is a professor of fine arts and director of the program in art history at Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, USA. After his A.B. in 1976 from Stanford University, FitzGerald obtained both his MBA and Ph.D. degrees from Columbia University in 1986 and 1987 respectively. He has worked for Christie's New York City Art Auction House and for several museums including New York City's Museum of Modern Art and the Whitney Museum of American Art.

FitzGerald has written four books, starting with his 1995 Making Modernism: Picasso and the Creation of a Market for Twentieth-Century Art. He has received grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities and Terra Foundation for American Art.

Although known principally as a scholar on Pablo Picasso, FitzGerald's interests have varied into the role of photography in preserving the record of art history, as in his March 13, 2009, article in the Wall Street Journal on the 19th century Finnish-Swedish scientist Gustaf Nordenskiöld's work with the cliff dwellings of Mesa Verde, Colorado. His articles for the Wall Street Journal include a study of the Inanke prehistoric cave paintings in Matobo National Park in Zimbabwe.

Notes

1953 births
American art historians
Columbia Business School alumni
Living people
National Endowment for the Arts
Educators from Hartford, Connecticut
Photography critics
Stanford University alumni
Trinity College (Connecticut) faculty
Historians from Connecticut


Biswamohan Debbarma declared himself as a chairman of the National Liberation Front of Tripura of his own faction. In May 2017 in a meeting at an undisclosed location, selected Subir Debbarma alias Yamorok (45), as the new 'president' of the organization hence renamed NLFT SD which later signed a Memo of Settlement with Govt. of India on 10 August 2019. He is currently wanted by India and Interpol for crimes against life and health, and crimes involving the use of weapons/explosives.

References

Living people
Tripuri nationalism
1968 births
Crime in Tripura
Tripuri independence activists


Thomas Gill Vickery (May 5, 1867 in Milford, Massachusetts – March 21, 1921 in Burlington, New Jersey), nicknamed "Vinegar Tom", was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues in -. He would play for the Baltimore Orioles, Philadelphia Phillies, and Chicago Colts.

External links

1867 births
1921 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Philadelphia Phillies players
Baltimore Orioles (NL) players
Chicago Colts players
19th-century baseball players
Toronto Canucks players
Milwaukee Brewers (minor league) players
Omaha Omahogs players
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Springfield Ponies players
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Alfred Reynolds (born Reinhold Alfréd; 13 December 1907, Budapest – 23 December 1993, London) was a writer on social and religious topics. He is known in Hungary principally as a poet and for his publication of poems by Miklós Radnóti and others in the 1930s, and in England for his leadership of the Bridge Circle, post-1945.

Biography
Reynolds was born into a wealthy family in Budapest, of a Jewish mother and a Roman Catholic father.  He was educated at schools in Budapest and Vienna and at the University of Leipzig (1928–1931). In 1931 he founded the literary magazine Haladás (Progress), in which he published the poets Miklós Radnóti, István Vas and Mihály-András Rónai.  The police forced him to close the magazine, but then he started a left-leaning monthly, Névtelen Jegyző (Anonymous Chronicler), which published his only collection of poetry, Első és utolsó lírai kötete (First and Last Book of Lyrics) (1932) before it too was closed down.  Reynolds briefly joined the Communist Party of Hungary, leaving after the assassination of Sergey Kirov in 1934, allegedly ordered by Joseph Stalin.  He was imprisoned, subsequently placed under police observation and lost his job.
In 1936 he escaped from Hungary and went to London where he lived for the rest of his life.  He was in the British Army during the Second World War and joined the Intelligence Corps in 1944, participating in the denazification programme, see below.

In post-war London Reynolds led a libertarian group called the Bridge Circle. Articles from its journal, the London Letter, are collected in Pilate's Question (1982), the title essay of which was the group's central focus of attention. Writers who early in their careers attended Bridge Circle meetings included Sidney E. Parker, Nicolas Walter, Bill Hopkins and Stuart Holroyd. Most notable was Colin Wilson, who has said he first wrote The Outsider as a riposte to Pilate's Question.

Reynolds' Jesus versus Christianity (1988) contrasts the teachings of Jesus with the doctrines of the Christian churches.

Reynolds had been known of in Hungarian literary circles because of his friendship with the youthful Radnóti but he had little contact with Hungarian writers after moving to England. In 1980 a copy of his early volume of poetry was rediscovered by the literary critic François Bréda in a bookshop in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and he was traced in London. In 1993 he visited Cluj at the invitation of Bréda and the poet Géza Szőcs, where he was well received and donated to Szőcs some hitherto unreleased Radnóti manuscripts.

Reynolds' archive comprises: family photographs dating from the mid nineteenth century; literary & political works; letters; photographs, letters, art work and ephemera from his time during and after World War II working in the denazification programme with German prisoners of war at Kempton Park in England and Slemdal Camp in Norway.

The wartime archive has been donated to the UK's Imperial War Museum at Duxford, near Cambridge. (Catalogue Number: Documents.23619). Correspondence with Martin Buber has been donated to the National Museum of Israel in Jerusalem.

All other publications, papers, photographs and letters together with copies of the items at Duxford and Jerusalem have been donated to the Petőfi Literary Museum in Budapest. The archive was in the possession of the late Dr. Alan Detweiler who was delighted that his great friend's archive and published works had found a home in Hungary.

Works
 Reinhold Alfréd,  Első és utolsó lírai kötete, Névtelen Jegyző kiadása, Budapest, 1932.
 Alfred Reynolds, The Hidden Years. Introduction by Colin Wilson. Cambridge International Publishers, London, 1981.
 Alfred Reynolds, Pilate's Question. Twenty years of articles, essays and sketches (1950–1970). Cambridge International Publishers, London, 1982.
 Alfred Reynolds, Jesus Versus Christianity. Open Gate Press, 393 p., 1988, 1993.

Bibliography
 Bréda Ferenc, "Jószerencsét", Fátum-úr...(Kicsoda ön, Reinhold Alfréd ?!...). In : Igazság. Fellegvár, 83. szám, Cluj-Napoca, 4 October 1980 Arhivă (Vö. Volt egyszer egy Fellegvár. Összeállította Martos Gábor. Erdélyi Híradó Könyv- és Lapkiadó, 1994, Cluj-Napoca, p. 78., p. 100.)
 Szőcs Géza, Reinholdról . In : Igazság. Fellegvár, 83. szám, Cluj-Napoca, 1980. okt. 4. (Vö. Volt egyszer egy Fellegvár.  Összeállította Martos Gábor. Erdélyi Híradó Könyv- és Lapkiadó, 1994, Cluj-Napocavár, p. 78., p. 100.)
 Bréda Ferenc, Eső a Fellegváron avagy Reinhold Alfréd első útja Kolozsvárra. In : Helikon, Cluj-Napoca, 24/ 1993, p. 6.
 Bréda Ferenc, << Alfréd halála után >>... In : Szabadság, Cluj-Napoca, 17 June 1994, Campus-melléklet Arhivă
 Szőcs Géza, Kicsoda ön, Reinhold Alfréd ?  In : Helikon, Cluj-Napoca, 24/ 1993, p. 6.
 Márton Ibolya, Reinhold-interjú, 1993, Cluj-Napoca. In : Echinox, Cluj-Napoca, 1993/ 9, p. 14.
 Richard Headicar, Reinhold Alfréd, Colchester, Animata Omnia, 2004.
 Nicolas Walter, Anarchism in Print : Yesterday and Today, Government and Opposition, 5:4, pp. 523–540, 1970.

Online texts
 Reinhold Alfréd,  Első és utolsó lírai kötete, Névtelen Jegyző kiadása, Budapest, 1932.

References

External links
 Alfred Reynolds - Reinhold Alfréd, Facebook
 Blogger: Nanochevik – Enregistrer un commentaire [Tristan Ranx, Nanochevik]

1907 births
1993 deaths
Writers from Budapest
Hungarian Jews
Hungarian libertarians
Hungarian Communist Party politicians
Hungarian emigrants to the United Kingdom
British libertarians
Jews who immigrated to the United Kingdom to escape Nazism
British people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
British Army personnel of World War II


Events in the year 1780 in Norway.

Incumbents
Monarch: Christian VII

Events
August - Denmark-Norway joins the First League of Armed Neutrality.

Arts and literature
 Det Dramatiske Selskab in Oslo is founded.

Births

30 January – Christian Garup Meidell, military officer and politician (died 1863)
25 August – Conradine Birgitte Dunker, socialite and writer (died 1866)
9 November – Nicolai Wergeland, priest, writer and politician (died 1848).

Full date unknown
Jens Aars, priest and politician (died 1834)
Hans Eleonardus Møller, Sr., businessperson (died 1860)

Deaths

21 April – Carl Deichman, businessman, mine operator, book collector and philanthropist (born c.1705).
5 December – Jens Boalth, educator (born 1725).

Full date unknown
Anders Porsanger, Sami linguist and priest (born 1735)
Martin Nürenbach, theatre director

See also

References


Northern Rivers was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1989 to 1996.

Members for Northern Rivers

Election results

Northern Rivers


18 Vulpeculae is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Vulpecula, located about 489 light years away from the Sun. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, white-hued star with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.51. The system is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −11.7 km/s.

This is a double-lined spectroscopic binary system with an orbital period of 9.3 days and a small eccentricity of 0.0116. It is a detached binary with a semimajor axis of . The system contains a Delta Scuti variable, but the temperature places it to the blue (hotter) side of the δ Scuti instability strip. The combined stellar classification of this system remains unclear, with classes of A3 III, A1 IV, A3 V, and A2 IV being given. The ultraviolet spectrum matches an A3 dwarf star. It shows no spectral peculiarities.

References

External links

A-type giants
A-type main-sequence stars
Delta Scuti variables
Spectroscopic binaries
Vulpecula
Durchmusterung objects
Vulpeculae, 18
191747
099404
7711


Duchesne High School may refer to:

 Duchesne Academy of the Sacred Heart (Nebraska)
 Duchesne High School (Missouri)
 Duchesne High School (Utah)


Bulla quoyii, or the brown bubble snail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Bullidae, the bubble snails.

Description
The size of an adult shell varies between 35 and 55 mm. The thin, yellowish-brown shell has an elongated to ovate-quadrangular shape and shows anterior spiral grooves. The shell is wider on the front side. The white aperture becomes narrower at its top. The spire contains six or seven whorls with raised striae. The lip is pale brown. The columella is white. The color of the periostracum varies from greenish to orange.

Distribution
This species occurs in the North Island of New Zealand and southern Australia, northern Tasmania, and the Kermadec Islands.

References

 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Glen Pownall, New Zealand Shells and Shellfish, Seven Seas Publishing Pty Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand 1979
 SeaslugForum

External links

Bullidae
Gastropods of Australia
Gastropods of New Zealand
Fauna of Western Australia
Gastropods described in 1943


The Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, labor riot of 1899 was the second of two major labor-management confrontations in the Coeur d'Alene mining district of northern Idaho in the 1890s. Like the first incident  seven years earlier, the 1899 confrontation was an attempt by union miners, led by the Western Federation of Miners to unionize non-union mines, and have them pay the higher union wage scale. As with the 1892 strike, the 1899 incident culminated in a dynamite attack that destroyed a non-union mining facility, the burning of multiple homes and outbuildings and two murders, followed by military occupation of the district.

The riot of 1899 resulted from the miners' frustrations with mine operators that paid lower wages, hired Pinkerton or Thiel operatives to infiltrate the union, and the refusal of non-union miners to join or strike.

Background

Miners strike of 1892

Angered by wage cuts, Coeur d'Alene area miners conducted a strike in 1892. The strike erupted in violence when union miners discovered they had been infiltrated by a Pinkerton agent who had routinely provided union information to the mine owners. After several deaths, the U.S. army occupied the area and forced an end to the strike. The response to that violence, disastrous for the local miners' union, became the primary motivation for the formation of the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) the following year.

The second military occupation, 1894
Pro-union sentiment remained strong in the area, and by 1894, most of the mines were unionized, represented by the Knights of Labor.

Violence erupted in the Coeur d'Alene district during the national Pullman railroad strike of 1894. Union members attacked non-union mines and workers. Forty masked men shot to death John Kneebone, who had testified against union miners in 1892. Others kidnapped a mine superintendent, and tried to blow up the powder house at the Bunker Hill mine.

Urged by the mine owners, the Idaho governor requested federal troops, supposedly to prevent interruptions in railroad service along the Northern Pacific route through the Coeur d'Alene area. President Grover Cleveland sent about 700 troops in July 1894. Major General John Schofield, determined to avoid embroiling his troops in a local labor dispute as they were in 1892, directed that the Army confine its mission to keeping the railroads running, and not take orders from state or local officials. The Army patrolled the railroad lines, and reported no disturbances or local opposition. The union members, wanting to avoid another military occupation, stopped the attacks on non-union targets.

The Army repeatedly reported that there were no disturbances of rail transport, and requested permission to withdraw the troops. The mine owners pressured the Cleveland administration to keep the troops in place. The mine owners eventually realized that the Army would not expand its mission beyond protecting the railroad, and dropped their opposition to withdrawal of the troops. The Army units left the Coeur d'Alene in September 1894.p. 163-165

In December 1894, the Bunker Hill and Sullivan mine shut down rather than agree to the union demand of a uniform wage of $3.50 (~$ in ) per day. The mine reopened in June 1895, with nonunion labor paying $3.00 per day to miners and $2.50 to surface employees and unskilled underground labor. The company said that whenever the combined prices of lead and silver rose again to a certain point, they would restore the old wage rate.

Leading up to the 1899 clash
The Bunker Hill Mining Company at Wardner was profitable, having paid more than $600,000 in dividends. Miners working in the Bunker Hill and Sullivan mines were receiving fifty cents to a dollar less per day than other miners, which at that time represented a significant percentage of the paycheck. The properties were the only mines in the district that were not entirely unionized.

In April 1899, as the union was launching an organizing drive of the few locations not yet unionized, superintendent Albert Burch declared that the company would rather "shut down and remain closed twenty years" than to recognize the union. He then fired seventeen workers that he believed to be union members and demanded that all other union men collect their back pay and quit.

Dynamite Express
The strike by the union local at Wardner was not succeeding, and the nearby WFM locals, at Gem, Burke, and Mullan, feared that the other mine owners would cut wages to match those paid at the Bunker Hill mine. During the trial, these proved to be only rumors. The other WFM locals agreed to support the strike at Wardner. The officers of the WFM locals met and planned a massive show of force for April 29.

On April 29, 250 union members seized a train in Burke, northeast of Wallace; the engineer, Levi "Al" Hutton, later claimed at gunpoint. At each stop through Burke Canyon, more miners climbed aboard. In Mace, a hundred men climbed aboard. At Frisco, the train stopped to load eighty wooden boxes, each containing  of dynamite. At Gem, 150 to 200 more miners climbed onto three freight cars which had been added to the train. In Wallace, 200 miners were waiting, having walked  from Mullan. About a thousand men rode the train to Wardner, the site of a $250,000 mill of the Bunker Hill mine. Witnesses later testified that the majority of those on the train knew nothing of any planned violence when they started out; they thought that it would be just a massive demonstration to intimidate the mine owners into recognizing the union. However, the union had distributed masks and firearms to between 100 and 200 of the men, who acted as if under military discipline. The pro-union Idaho State Tribune in Wallace wrote:
"At no time did the demonstration assume the appearance of a disorganized mob. All the details were managed with the discipline and precision of a perfectly trained military organization."

County sheriff James D. Young, who had been elected with union support, had ridden to Wardner on the train with the union miners. At Wardner, Young climbed atop a rail car, and ordered the group to disperse. His order was ignored, and he later said that any further attempt to restrain the miners would have been suicidal. State prosecutors claimed that Young had been paid off by the WFM.

Word had reached Wardner by telephone that the union miners were on their way, and most of the mine and mill workers had fled. The crowd ordered the remaining workers out of the Bunker Hill mine and mill. Once out, they were ordered to run, and some shots fired at them as they ran. James Cheyne was shot in the hip, then union miners shot more bullets into him as he lay on the ground; he died shortly after. One union man, John Smith, also called Schmidt, was mistakenly shot to death by other union men.

After carrying  of dynamite into the mill, the blast completely destroyed the mill. The crowd also burned down the company office, the boarding house, and the home of the mine manager. The miners re-boarded the "Dynamite Express" and returned the way they came. Working men gathered along the track, and according to the pro-union Idaho State Tribune, "cheered the [union] men lustily as they passed."."

Arrests

At the Idaho governor's request, President William McKinley sent in the Army. The majority of army troops sent to the Coeur d'Alene were African American soldiers of the 24th Infantry Regiment, stationed in Spokane, Salt Lake City, and other western posts. The 24th had distinguished itself in combat during the Spanish–American War, and was seen as one of the most disciplined Army units not then serving overseas. Bill Haywood criticized the U.S. government's attempts to turn whites against blacks. Haywood wrote: "it was a deliberate attempt to add race prejudice ... race prejudice had been unknown among the miners." Nevertheless, he wrote that the government's efforts weren't all that successful, as the miners' turn against the army outweighed any racial dispute.

State authorities used the troops to round up 1,000 men and put them into "the bullpen." The arrests were indiscriminate; Governor Steunenberg's representative, state auditor Bartlett Sinclair believed that all the people of Canyon Creek had a "criminal history," and "the entire community, or the male portion of it, ought to be arrested." The soldiers searched every house, breaking down the door if no one answered.

Mass arrests began on May 4, when 128 were arrested. More than two hundred were arrested the following day, and the arrests continued until about a thousand men had been arrested.p. 31

As Sinclair had ordered, they arrested every male: miners, bartenders, a doctor, a preacher, even the postmaster and school superintendent. … Cooks and waiters [were] arrested in kitchens, diners at their supper tables. … For desperate criminals, the men of Burke went quietly, the only gunshot was aimed at a "vicious watch dog."

What was called "the bullpen" was actually a number of structures. The first 150 prisoners were kept in an old barn, a two-story frame structure  and filled with hay. It was "still very cold in those altitudes" and the men, having been arrested with no opportunity to bring along blankets, "suffered some from the weather." As the barn became overcrowded, new prisoners were put in railroad boxcars. When both these became overcrowded, the prisoners were then forced to build a pine board prison for themselves, and it was surrounded by a six-foot barbed wire fence patrolled by armed soldiers. Conditions remained primitive, and three prisoners died.p. 171

The U.S. Army followed escaping miners into Montana and arrested them, returning them to Idaho, and failed to comply with jurisdictional or extradition laws. One man arrested and transported was a Montana citizen who had no connection to the Wardner events.

Two of the three county commissioners had been caught in the roundup, as had the local sheriff. These, too, were held prisoner. Later, a district court removed all of the county commissioners and the sheriff from office, charging that they'd neglected their official duties.

Most of those arrested were freed within two weeks. By May 12, 450 prisoners remained; by May 30, the number was  194. Releases slowed, and 65 remained incarcerated on October 10;p. 148-149p. 37,40,73 the last prisoners in the bullpen were released in early December 1899.

Aftermath
Arrangements with replacement officials installed by Sinclair demonstrated "a pattern."

The new regime's principal [sic] patronage—the fat contract for supplying food and drink to the bullpen's prisoners—had gone to Tony Tubbs, the former manager of Bunker Hill's boardinghouse, destroyed on April 29. Likewise, most of the thirty men Sinclair hired as special "state deputies" were either employees and former employees of the Bunker Hill Company or contractors for it. Among the most prominent was a saloonkeeper named W.C. "Convict" Murphy, who'd served time for horse stealing and cattle rustling. When Convict Murphy broke down people's doors, he was sometimes asked for a search warrant or other authority, at which he would draw a pair of six-shooters and say, "These are my warrants."

Emma F. Langdon, a union sympathizer, charged in a 1908 book that Idaho Governor Frank Steunenberg, who had been "considered a poor man," deposited $35,000 into his bank account within a week after troops arrived in the Coeur d'Alene district, implying that there may have been a bribe from the mine operators. Subsequent research appears to have uncovered the apparent source of this assertion. J. Anthony Lukas recorded in his book Big Trouble,

In 1899, when the state needed money for the Coeur d'Alene prosecutions, the Mine Owners' Association had come up with $32,000—about a third of it from Bunker Hill and Sullivan—handing $25,000 over to Governor Steunenberg for use at his discretion in the prosecution. Some of this money went to pay [attorneys].

Steunenberg was later assassinated by Harry Orchard who claimed to have been hired by the WFM.

In his autobiography, WFM Secretary-Treasurer Bill Haywood described Idaho miners held for "months of imprisonment in the 'bull-pen'—a structure unfit to house cattle—enclosed in a high barbed-wire fence." Haywood concluded that the companies and their supporters in government—intent upon forcing wage cuts and employers' freedom to fire union miners—were conducting class warfare against the working class. Peter Carlson wrote in his book Roughneck,

Haywood traveled to the town of Mullan, where he met a man who had escaped from the 'bullpen'. The makeshift prison was an old grain warehouse that reeked of excrement and crawled with vermin.

Thirty-four-year-old Paul Corcoran was the financial secretary of the Burke Miners Union and a member of the Central Mining Union. The State pursued charges against him. While he had not been at the scene of the riot, Corcoran had been seen on the roof of a boxcar on the Dynamite Express, and at multiple union halls along the route, rallying men on to Wardner. He additionally told the Burke mine manager Mr. Culbertson that his employees had left for the day and were on their way to Wardner, but would return in time for the night shift. The prosecution, whose salaries were paid by a $32,000 grant from the mine owners, argued that Corcoran should take part of the blame for planning the attack on the Bunker Hill mill and Sullivan mine. Corcoran was sentenced to seventeen years at hard labor. Eight more miners and union leaders accused of leading the attack were scheduled for trial on charges of murder and/or arson, but bribed an army sergeant to allow them to escape. Hundreds more remained in the makeshift prison without charges.

Meanwhile, Sinclair developed a permit system which would prevent mines from hiring any miner who belonged to a union. The plan was designed to destroy the unions in the Coeur d'Alene district after the violence and lawlessness of the last 7 years. General Henry C. Merriam of the U.S. Army endorsed the permit system verbally and in writing, resulting in considerable consternation at the McKinley White House.

The editor of one local newspaper, Wilbur H. Stewart of the Mullan Mirror, dared to criticize the bullpen and its keepers. Sinclair appeared at his door alongside a major and several soldiers with unsheathed bayonets. Sinclair declared,

I find that you have been publishing a seditious newspaper, inciting riot and insurrection, and we have concluded that publication of your paper must cease.

Stewart was taken to the bullpen, where he was assigned to garbage and latrine duty. However, the paper did not stop publication; Stewart's young wife, Maggie, continued to publish the weekly. Sinclair impounded her type, and she contracted with another sympathetic publisher to continue the news. Eventually Stewart was released under instructions to end the criticism. He sold the newspaper instead.

Many populist elected officials in Shoshone County were rounded up for their support of the miners. The town sheriff of Mullan, Idaho was arrested and sent to the bullpen.

May Arkwright Hutton, whose husband was the engineer on the dynamite express, wrote a book, The coeur d' alenes: or, A Tale of the Modern Inquisition in Idaho, about the treatment of the miners, and her husband, at the hands of the mine owners and the sheriff.

Both Huttons and Ed Boyce, head of the Western Federation of Miners, had invested in the Hercules silver mine before the 1899 war. After they had become wealthy mine owners, May Hutton sought to buy back all copies of her book. Ed Boyce quit the miners union to manage a hotel in Portland.

See also
 Coeur d'Alene miners' dispute (overview of both Coeur d'Alene incidents)
 Ed Boyce, WFM leader
 Frank Steunenberg, Governor of Idaho in 1899, assassinated in 1905
 Harry Orchard, later convicted of assassinating former Idaho Governor Steunenberg
 Steve Adams, accused accomplice of Harry Orchard, unconvicted or acquitted in three trials
 Bill Haywood, WFM union leader, later accused and acquitted of conspiracy to assassinate former Idaho Governor Steunenberg
 George Pettibone, WFM union supporter, later accused and acquitted of conspiracy to murder former Idaho Governor Steunenberg
 Colorado Labor Wars of 1903–04
 Murder of workers in labor disputes in the United States

References

Further reading
New Politics, vol. 7, no. 1 (new series), whole no. 25, Summer 1998 by Steve Early
Big Trouble: A Murder in a Small Western Town Sets Off a Struggle for the Soul of America by J. Anthony Lukas

1899 riots
1899 labor disputes and strikes
Miners' labor disputes in the United States
Mining in Idaho
Riots and civil disorder in Idaho
African-American history between emancipation and the civil rights movement
History of civil rights in the United States
Internal wars of the United States
Political repression in the United States
1899
1899 in Idaho
Labor disputes in Idaho
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho
Western Federation of Miners
Labor-related riots in the United States


The 1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike erupted in violence when labor union miners discovered they had been infiltrated by a Pinkerton agent who had routinely provided union information to the mine owners. The response to the labor violence, disastrous for the local miners' union, became the primary motivation for the formation of the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) the following year. The incident marked the first violent confrontation between the workers of the mines and their owners. Labor unrest continued after the 1892 strike, and surfaced again in the labor confrontation of 1899.

Background
Shoshone County, Idaho area miners organized into several local unions during the 1880s. Mine owners responded by forming a Mine Owners' Association. In 1891, the Coeur d'Alene district shipped ore containing US$4.9 million (~$ in ) in lead, silver, and gold.

The mine operators got into a dispute with the railroads which had raised rates for hauling ore. Mine operators also introduced hole-boring machines into the mines. The new machines displaced single-jack and double-jack miners, forcing the men into new, lower-paid jobs as trammers or muckers.

Mine operators found a reduction in wages the easiest way to mitigate increased costs. After the machines were installed, the mine owners were going to pay the mine workers $3.00 to $3.50 per day, depending upon their specific jobs.p. 12 The operators also increased miners' work hours from nine to ten hours per day, with no corresponding increase in pay. The work week would be seven days long, with an occasional Sunday off for those who did not have pumping duty. The miners had other grievances; for example, high payments for room and board in company lodging, and check cashing fees at company saloons.

Strike
In 1892, the miners declared a strike against the reduction of wages and the increase in work hours. The miners demanded that a "living wage"p. 12 of $3.50 per day be paid to every man working underground—the common laborer as well as the skilled. In an era when many unions were AFL craft unions, in which skilled workers frequently looked after their own kind, this was an unusual circumstance—approximately three thousand higher-paid miners standing up for five hundred lower-paid, in this case common laborers. This principle of industrial unionism would animate Western hardrock miners for the next several decades.

When the union miners walked out of the mines, mining company recruiters enticed replacement workers to Coeur d'Alene during the strike. They advertised in Michigan, in some cases touting mining jobs in Montana, mentioning nothing about the strike. Guards were assigned to the trains that transported the men seeking work, and at least some of the workers felt they were in the "custody of the guards."

Soon every inbound train was filled with replacement workers. But groups of armed, striking miners would frequently meet them, and often threatened the workers to not take the jobs during a strike.

The silver-mine owners responded by hiring Pinkertons and the Thiel Detective Agency agents to infiltrate the union and report on strike activity. Pinkertons and other agents went into the district in large numbers.p. 12

Soon there was a significant security force available to protect new workers coming into the mines. For a time the struggle manifested as a war of words in the local newspapers, with mine owners and mine workers denouncing each other. There were incidents of brawling and arrests for carrying weapons. Two mines settled and opened with union men, and these mine operators were ostracized by other mine owners who did not want the union. But two large mines, the Gem mine and the Frisco mine in Burke-Canyon, were operating full scale.

In July a union miner was killed by mine guards, and the tension between the strikers and the mine owners and their replacement workers grew. The incident marked the first violent confrontation between the workers of the mines and their owners.

Charles Siringo
An undercover Pinkerton agent, soon-to-be well-known lawman Charlie Siringo, had worked in the Gem Mine as a shoveler. Using the alias Charles Leon Allison, Siringo joined the Gem Miners' Union, and was elected recording secretary, providing him with access to all of the union's books and records.  Siringo found the "leaders of the Coeur d'Alene unions to be, as a rule, a vicious, heartless gang of anarchists."

According to Siringo, he had at first turned down the assignment, because his sympathies were with the union. The Pinkerton Agency agreed that he could withdraw from the assignment after he became familiar with the situation, yet Siringo stayed on to complete the one year and two month assignment.  Siringo apologized for his work spying on Colorado coal miners, but he never regretted his informant role in the Coeur d'Alene."

Siringo promptly began to report all union business to his employers, allowing the mine owners to outmaneuver the miners on a number of occasions. Strikers planned to attack a train of incoming replacement workers, so the mine owners dropped them off in an unexpected location. When the Gem Union president, Oliver Hughes, ordered Siringo to remove a page from the union record book that recorded plans to flood the mines, the agent mailed that page to the Mine Owners' Association (MOA). George Pettibone also confided in Siringo of a planned July uprising to run the non-union workers and mine owners out of the country, and take possession of the mines for the union workers.

Siringo was suspected as a spy when the Mine Owners' Association newspaper, the Barbarian, published information which obviously came from a member of the union, but Siringo managed to escape capture and certain death.  Siringo's testimony helped convict 18 union leaders, including George Pettibone.

Violence at the Frisco and Gem mines
On Sunday night, July 10, armed union miners gathered on the hills above the Frisco mine. More union miners were arriving from surrounding communities. Strikers opened fire at 5 am on July 11, 1892, and guards and workers in the mill building returned fire. The guards and strikebreakers inside the mine and mill buildings were prepared for a long standoff, having been warned by Charlie Siringo. Both sides began shooting to kill. After three and a half hours of gunfire without casualties, striking miners on the hill above sent a bundle of dynamite down a sluice into the mill, destroying the building and crushing one of the strikebreakers. The rest of the strikebreakers in the wrecked Frisco mill surrendered and were taken to the union hall as prisoners.

After the Helena-Frisco strikebreakers surrendered, the striking miners shifted to the Gem mine, where a similar gunfight took place. The Gem miners were well-entrenched, but the Gem management, fearing similar destruction of property as took place at the Frisco, ordered the men to surrender. Three union men, one company guard and one strikebreaker were killed by gunfire before the strikebreakers surrendered. At the end of the day, six men were dead, three on each side, and there were 150 strikebreakers and guards held prisoner in the union hall. They were put on a train and were told to leave the county.

Minutes after the explosion at the Frisco mine, hundreds of miners converged on Siringo's boarding house. But Siringo sawed a hole in the floor, dropped through and covered the hole with a trunk, then crawled for half a block under a wooden boardwalk. Above him, he could hear union men talking about the spy in their midst. Siringo escaped, and fled to the wooded hills above Burke-Canyon Creek.

On the evening of July 11, about 500 strikers left Gem by train to the Bunker Hill mine at Wardner. The Bunker Hill management was taken by surprise, and the strikers took possession of the ore mill during the night, and put a ton of explosive beneath it. The next morning they gave the manager the choice of discharging his non-union employees, or having his mill destroyed. He chose to get rid of the nonunion workforce. While these men waited to board a boat at Coeur d'Alene Lake, some striking miners fired again, and at least seventeen non-union workers were wounded. More than a hundred of the men decided not to wait for the boat, and they hiked out of the area.

The miners considered the battle over and the union issued a statement deploring "the unfortunate affair at Gem and Frisco." Funerals were Wednesday afternoon, July 13. Three union men and two company men were buried.

Martial law
The governor declared Martial Law, and ordered in six companies of the Idaho National Guard to "suppress insurrection and violence." Federal troops also arrived, and they confined six hundred miners in bullpens without any hearings or formal charges. Some were later "sent up" for violating injunctions, others for obstructing the United States mail.p. 13

After the Guard and federal troops secured the area, Siringo came out of the mountains to identify union leaders, and those who had participated in the attacks on the Gem and Frisco mines. He wrote that "As I knew all the agitators and union leaders, I was kept busy for the next week or so putting unruly cattle in the 'bull pen', a large stockade with a frame building in the center, for them to sleep and eat in." Siringo then returned to Denver.

Military rule lasted for four months.

One of the union leaders, George Pettibone, was convicted of contempt of court and criminal conspiracy. Pettibone was sent to Detroit and held until a decision of the Supreme Court released him. The Court concluded that the prisoners were held illegally. Union members held in jail in Boise, Idaho were also releasedp. 13 under the court decision.

Founding of the Western Federation of Miners

On May 15, 1893, in Butte, Montana, the miners formed the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) as a direct result of their experiences in Coeur d'Alene. The WFM immediately called for outlawing the hiring of labor spies, but their demand was ignored.

The WFM embraced the tradition that their organization was born in the Boise, Idaho, jail. Many years later, WFM Secretary-Treasurer Bill Haywood stated at a convention of the United Mine Workers of America that the Western Federation of Miners:

...are not ashamed of having been born in jail, because many great things and many good things have emanated from prison cells.

Charlie Siringo was not the only agent to have infiltrated the Coeur d'Alene miners' unions. In his book Big Trouble, author J. Anthony Lukas mentions that Thiel Operative 53 had also infiltrated, and had been the union secretary at Wardner. One of the demands of the WFM's founding Preamble was the prohibition of armed detectives.

Coeur d'Alene Miners engaged in another confrontation with mine owners in the Coeur d'Alene, Idaho labor confrontation of 1899.

See also

Bunker Hill Mine and Smelting Complex
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho labor confrontation of 1899
Coeur d'Alene miners' dispute (overview of both Coeur d'Alene incidents)
Ed Boyce, WFM leader
Charlie Siringo, Pinkerton agent, labor spy, and hired gunman
George Pettibone, WFM union supporter, later accused and acquitted of conspiracy to murder former Idaho Governor Steunenberg
Labor spies
Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894, the WFM in Colorado
Colorado Labor Wars of 1903-04
Murder of workers in labor disputes in the United States

References

Further reading
New Politics, vol. 7, no. 1 (new series), whole no. 25, Summer 1998 by Steve Early
Big Trouble: A Murder in a Small Western Town Sets Off a Struggle for the Soul of America by J. Anthony Lukas
 Coeur d'Alene Mining Insurrection: Topics in Chronicling America

Mining in Idaho
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho
Labor disputes in Idaho
1892 labor disputes and strikes
1892 in Idaho
1892 riots
Labor-related riots in the United States
July 1892 events
Riots and civil disorder in Idaho
Miners' labor disputes in the United States
1890s strikes in the United States


George Woodworth Cobb (September 25, 1865 – August 19, 1926) was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues in . Cobb played for the Baltimore Orioles.

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The IX Air Defense Command was a United States Army Air Forces formation.  It was assigned throughout its time in combat to Ninth Air Force. Its final station was at Bad Neustadt an der Saale, Germany, where it was inactivated on 25 June 1946.

History
It was established in England on 19 July 1944, and activated on 1 July 1944.  Mission was to provide air defense for liberated areas of Western Europe consisting of France and later, the Low Countries.  Subordinate wing headquarters and subordinate units operated primarily from liberated airfields and newly built temporary Advanced Landing Grounds in continental Europe. Along with air defense, subordinate units engaged in combat in support of ground forces during the breakthrough at St. Lo in July 1944. Attacked tanks, trucks, and troop concentrations as enemy retreated; provided armed reconnaissance for advancing Allied armored columns. During September 1944, attacked flak positions near Eindhoven during Operation Market-Garden, the airborne landing in the Netherlands; bombed enemy communications and transportation lines in western Germany. Flew armed reconnaissance missions over Battle of the Bulge during December 1944 – January 1944. Flew missions against enemy transportation systems including motor vehicles, bridges, trains, railway bridges, and marshalling yards during February and March 1945. Moved to Germany in April 1945, flying last combat missions on 3 May 1945.

However, inactivation only occurred on 25 June 1946, and the unit was disbanded on 8 October 1948.

Lineage
 Constituted as the IX Air Defense Command on 19 June 1944
 Activated on 1 July 1944
 Inactivated on 25 July 1946
 Disbanded on 8 October 1948

Assignments
 Ninth Air Force, 1 July 1944
 Unknown, 28 November 1945
 United States Air Forces in Europe, 2 December 1945
 Unknown, 1 February 1946 – 25 June 1946

Stations

 Borough of Hampstead, London (AAF-405), England, 1 July 1944
 Ecrammeville, France, July 1944
 Rennes Airfield (A-27), France, 25 August 1944

 Versailles, France, 8 September 1944
 Paris, France, 16 December 1944
 Bad Neustadt an der Saale, Germany, 24 May 1945 – 25 June 1946

Components
 Wing
 71st Fighter Wing, 1 July 1944 – November 1945

 Squadrons and companies
 422d Night Fighter Squadron, 6 August – 7 October 1944
 425th Night Fighter Squadron, 10–20 June 1944; 6 August – 7 October 1944
 368th Ordnance Maintenance (AA) Company, 1945

References

Notes
 Explanatory notes

 Citations

Bibliography

 Further reading

Military units and formations established in 1944
09
Air defence commands of the United States Army
Military units and formations disestablished in 1946


Ceuta Heliport ()  is the heliport, and only air transport facility, serving the Spanish autonomous city of Ceuta, in North Africa.

Overview
Since 9 January 2004, it has been possible to fly between Ceuta and Málaga by helicopter. This heliport is the first in Spain to be constructed and managed by AENA in order to secure accessibility to the autonomous city by air. A rapid connection with the mainland is considered vital for the development of the Ceutan economy.

The heliport is situated in the port of Ceuta, between the cargo dock and the fishing port, on land reclaimed from the sea in the north of the city. The heliport consists of three helipads, a short runway, a two-storey terminal building, a power station and a fire station.

This infrastructure is key to Ceuta because it allowed passengers to connect in minutes through Málaga (mainland Spain's fourth airport by number of passengers), giving Ceuta access to all cities served from Málaga. Destinations include more than one hundred cities in Europe (mainly in the United Kingdom, Central Europe and the Nordic countries, but also the main cities of Eastern Europe: Budapest, Sofia, Warsaw, Riga and Bucharest), North Africa, the Middle East (Riyadh, Jeddah and Kuwait) and North America (New York City, Montreal).

The former ICAO code of Ceuta was GECT. It was changed in mid-2009.

Routes and services
The route was covered by Helicópteros del Sureste, a transport company based in Mutxamel, Alicante. The regular service operated since 1996, linking the city of Ceuta with Málaga Airport in thirty minutes. This route serves more than 20,000 annually, in approximately 2,600 flights. The helicopters used were the most recent versions of the AW139 which have a capacity of up to 15 passengers. It is due to become the main destination for helicopters leaving Algeciras Heliport.

Airlines and destinations

Statistics
In its second year of operation, the heliport served 20,233 passengers, handled 2,656 operations and 4.6 tonnes of cargo.

See also
 Melilla Airport - the only airport in Spanish territory on the African coast
 Sania Ramel Airport - the closest airport to Ceuta

References

External links

 Official website

Airports in Andalusia
Heliports in Spain
Buildings and structures in Ceuta
Airports established in 2004
2004 establishments in Spain


Thomas Purnell may refer to:

 Thomas Richard Purnell (1847–1908), United States federal judge
 Thomas Purnell (critic) (1834–1889), British author and drama critic


George Revercomb may refer to:

 George Hughes Revercomb (1929–1993), United States district judge
 George A. Revercomb (1858–1937), member of the Virginia Senate


Nannacara quadrispinae is a species of cichlid endemic to Venezuela where it is found in the Orinoco delta.  It went by the trade name Nannacara sp. Venezuela in the ornamental fish market prior to its formal description.  This species can also be found in the aquarium trade.

References

External links
 New species - Nannacara quadrispinae - Practical Fishkeeping

quadrispinae
Fish described in 2004


Lewis W. Whistler (né Wissler; March 10, 1868 – December 30, 1959) was an American Major League Baseball player who played the majority of his career as a first baseman. In his four-season career, he played for the New York Giants (1890–1891), Baltimore Orioles (1892), Louisville Colonels (1893) and St. Louis Browns. His major league totals include: 272 games played, 1014 at bats, and a .244 batting average. Whistler died in his hometown of St. Louis, Missouri at the age of 91, and is interred at Bethany Cemetery in Pagedale, Missouri.

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1868 births
1959 deaths
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Annaperenna verrucosa, common name the warty ranella, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Bursidae, known as the frog shells.

Distribution
This species is found in portions of Australia, New Zealand, and the Kermadec Islands, in moderate water depths.

References

 Beu, A.G. 1998. Indo-West Pacific Ranellidae, Bursidae and Personidae. A monograph of the New Caledonian fauna, with revisions of related taxa. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris
 Iredale, T. 1910. On Marine Mollusca from the Kermadec Islands, and on the "Sinusigera Apex". Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 9: 68-79
 Iredale, T. 1936. Australian molluscan notes. No. 2. Records of the Australian Museum 19(5): 267-340, pls 20-24
 Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1–109
 Oliver, W.R.B. 1915. The Mollusca of the Kermadec Islands. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 47: 509-568
 Powell, A.W.B. 1965. New Zealand molluscan systematics with descriptions of new species. Part 5. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 6(2): 161-168, pls 122, 123
 Powell, A.W.B. 1967. New Zealand molluscan systematics with descriptions of new species. Part 6. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 6(3): 185-196, pls 136, 137
 Wilson, B. 1993. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, Western Australia : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 1 408 pp.
 Brook, F.J., Marshall, B.A. 1998 The coastal molluscan fauna of the northern Kermadec Islands, southwest Pacific Ocean, Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 28
 Powell, A.W.B. 1979 New Zealand Mollusca: Marine, Land and Freshwater Shells, Collins, Auckland
 Spurgeon, A.M., Burch, K.W., Carson, K., Walton, K., Plaisted, J. Nov/2017 Notes on NZ Collected Species, Cookia, 29

External links
 Sowerby I, G. B. (1825). A catalogue of the shells contained in the collection of the late Earl of Tankerville: arranged according to the Lamarckian conchological system: together with an appendix, containing descriptions of many new species- London, vii + 92 + xxxiv pp
 Wood, W. (1828). Supplement to the Index Testaceologicus; or A catalogue of Shells, British and Foreign. Richard Taylor, London.
  Beechey, D. 2000. Bursa verrucosa (Sowerby, 1825). The seashells of New South Wales.

Bursidae
Gastropods described in 1825
Taxa named by George Brettingham Sowerby I


John Thomas Pickett (February 20, 1866 - July 4, 1922), was a professional baseball player who played infielder in the Major Leagues from -. He would play for the Baltimore Orioles, Philadelphia Athletics, and Kansas City Cowboys.

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Events in the year 1987 in Norway.

Incumbents
 Monarch – Olav V
 Prime Minister – Gro Harlem Brundtland (Labour Party)

Events

 12 February – Oslo Central Station (Oslo S) opens.
 August – the Mosjøen Airport was opened.
 Municipal and county elections are held throughout the country.

Popular culture

Sports

Music

Film

Literature
Herbjørg Wassmo is awarded the Nordic Council Literature Prize, for Hudløs himmel.

Television

Notable births

22 January – Astrid Uhrenholdt Jacobsen, cross-country skier
2  February – Håvard Bøkko, speed skater
18 February – Torstein Horgmo, snowboarder.
27 March – Lene Egeli, model
17 May – Edvald Boasson Hagen, road racing cyclist
11 June – Didrik Solli-Tangen, singer.
16 June – Per Ciljan Skjelbred, footballer
5 July – Alexander Kristoff, road bicycle racer
10 July – Kari Elisabeth Kaski, politician.
31 July – Amrita Acharia, actress
3 August – Alexander Søderlund, footballer
18 August – Siri Tollerød, model
1 September – Mats Zuccarello, ice hockey player
22 September – Tom Hilde, ski jumper
11 October – Mads Østberg, rally driver
21 October – Tonje Brenna, politician.
24 November – Renate Reinsve, actress.

Notable deaths

5 January – Herman Smith-Johannsen, cross-country skier and supercentenarian (born 1875)
20 January – Tove Pihl, educator and politician (born 1924)
14 February – Einar Wøhni, politician (born 1920)
26 February – Knut Frydenlund, politician and Minister (born 1927)
1 March – Reidar Andreas Lyseth, politician (born 1904)
3 March – Trygve Owren, politician (born 1912)
29 April – Ludvig Olai Botnen, politician (born 1910).
20 May – Otto Carlmar, film producer, writer and actor (born 1902)
20 June – Knut Hoem, politician and Minister (born 1924)
30 June – Torborg Nedreaas, author (born 1906)
30 June – Thor Thorvaldsen, sailor and twice Olympic gold medallist (born 1904)
31 July – Sverre Moen, politician (born 1921)
22 August – Arne Brustad, international soccer player and Olympic bronze medallist (born 1912)
28 August – Gunnar Berg, a national director of the Boy Scouts of America (born 1897)
12 September – Bjørn Erling Ytterhorn, politician (born 1923)
19 September – Einar Gerhardsen, politician (born 1897)
6 October – Roald Jensen, international soccer player (born 1943)
26 October – Bjørge Lillelien, sports journalist and commentator (born 1927)
4 November – Tor Halvorsen, trade unionist, politician and Minister (born 1930)
26 November – Ståle Kyllingstad, sculptor (born 1903).

Full date unknown
Thomas Offenberg Backer, engineer (born 1892)
Reidar Carlsen, politician and Minister (born 1908)
Finn Isaksen, politician and Minister (born 1924)
Aage Samuelsen, evangelist, singer and composer (born 1919)
Harald Wergeland, physicist (born 1912)

See also

References

External links


Harry Wilkinson (21 October 1909 – 30 May 1971) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s and 1940s. He played at representative level for England and Yorkshire, and at club level for Wakefield Trinity (Heritage No. 357) (captain), as a , or , i.e. number 8 or 10, or 13, during the era of contested scrums.

Playing career
Harry Wilkinson was born in Sharlston, Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, following his retirement from playing rugby league he became the bagman at Wakefield Trinity , and he died aged 61 in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.

International honours
Harry Wilkinson, won caps for England while at Wakefield Trinity in 1943 against Wales, in 1944 against Wales, in 1945 against Wales, and in 1946 against France.

County Honours
Harry Wilkinson was selected for Yorkshire County XIII while at Wakefield Trinity during the 1945/46 and 1946/47 seasons.

Challenge Cup Final appearances
Harry Wilkinson played  left-, i.e. number 8, in Wakefield Trinity's 13-12 victory over Wigan in the 1946 Challenge Cup Final during the 1945–46 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 4 May 1946, in front of a crowd of 54,730.

County Cup Final appearances
Harry Wilkinson played  in Wakefield Trinity's 0-8 defeat by Leeds in the 1932 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1932–33 season at Fartown Ground, Huddersfield on Saturday 19 November 1932, played  in the 5-5 draw with Leeds in the 1934 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1934–35 season at Crown Flatt, Dewsbury on Saturday 27 October 1934, played  in the 2-2 draw with Leeds in the 1934 Yorkshire County Cup Final replay during the 1934–35 season at Fartown Ground, Huddersfield on Wednesday 31 October 1934, played  in the 0-13 defeat by Leeds in the 1934 Yorkshire County Cup Final second replay during the 1934–35 season at Parkside, Hunslet on Wednesday 7 November 1934, played  left-, i.e. number 8, in the 2-9 defeat by York in the 1936 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1936–37 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 17 October 1936, played left- in the 9-12 defeat by Featherstone Rovers in the 1940 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1939–40 season at Odsal Stadium, Bradford on Saturday 22 June 1940, played left- in the 2-5 defeat by Bradford Northern in the 1945 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1945–46 season at Thrum Hall, Halifax on Saturday 3 November 1945, played left- in the 10-0 victory over Hull F.C. in the 1946 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1946–47 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 31 November 1946, played left- in the 7-7 draw with Leeds in the 1947 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1947–48 Northern season at Fartown Ground, Huddersfield on Saturday 1 November 1947, and played  left-, and scored a try in the 8-7 victory over Leeds in the 1947 Yorkshire County Cup Final replay during the 1947–48 Northern season at Odsal Stadium, Bradford on Wednesday 5 November 1947.

Notable tour matches
Harry Wilkinson played  in Wakefield Trinity's 6-17 defeat by Australia in the 1933–34 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain match during the 1933–34 season at Belle Vue, Wakefield on Saturday 28 October 1933.

Career records
Harry Wilkinson holds Wakefield Trinity's "Most Career Appearances" record with 605 appearances, and Wakefield Trinity's "Most Consecutive Appearances" record with 96 appearances between 1939 and 1942.

References

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1909 births
1971 deaths
England national rugby league team players
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Ogarita Elizabeth Booth Henderson (née Bellows; October 23, 1859 – April 12, 1892) was an American stage actress. Henderson maintained that she was the daughter of actor John Wilkes Booth, who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln in April 1865.

Early life
Henderson was the daughter of Martha Lizola Mills (1837–1887), with her birth certificate listing Mills' husband, the mariner Charles Still Bellows, as her father. Mills would later claim it was Lincoln's assassin, the actor John Wilkes Booth, who was actually Henderson's father. Throughout her life, Henderson believed that Booth was her father. However, Booth had been performing in Richmond, Virginia in January 1859, making it unlikely that he could have been the father of a child born in Rhode Island. As for Bellows, muster rolls show that he was on board a Navy ship near Montevideo during that time period, making it impossible for him to have been the father of Ogarita Bellows Henderson.

Career
Henderson first appeared on stage in January 1875 at the Globe Theatre in Boston in support of the British comedian J. L. Toole. She was 15 at the time and appeared under the stage name "Ogarita Wilkes". A few months later, she appeared as Donalbain in Macbeth in the farewell engagement of Charlotte Cushman. From this point and for the rest of her life, Henderson travelled across the United States and Canada with various theater companies, except for brief periods away.

She gave birth to Izola Forrester in 1878 but was not married to the father. The following year, she married 64-year-old mill owner William Ross Wilson. They lived in Burrillville, Rhode Island, but Henderson eventually returned to theater life, causing Wilson in to file a divorce petition in 1882 on the grounds that she was a member of the Theatre Comique in Providence. According to her husband, it was a "disreputable place".

In October 1882, she appeared in the W. E. Sterling & Marie Wellesley Company and appeared on stage in such roles as Eliza in Uncle Tom's Cabin (also Izola's stage debut, as Little Harry). Another play Henderson was in at this time was The Old Cross! or The Dogs of the Forest. In the same play was Alexander Henderson (1850–1920), a London-born musical director and actor who grew up in Scotland and came to the United States in the 1870s. The two married around 1884. Henderson appeared on stage with Lillian Russell and Edward Solomon in their 1885 winter tour. In 1885, the couple had a daughter, Beatrice Rosalie "Booth" Henderson, who followed the family tradition and became an actress, and later in life ran a summer theater in Keene, New Hampshire and directed plays in Fort Lauderdale, Florida in the winter. In 1884, Henderson began using the stage name "Rita Booth", which she did for the last eight years of her life.

On May 29, 1890, while playing at the Globe Theater in Columbus, Ohio with the Boston Comic Opera Company, she told a reporter of The Columbus Dispatch that she had been "on the stage more or less for the past fifteen years. She was the leading lady with George C. Milne, the preacher-actor, a few years since, and late with Grace Hawthorn. She made her first appearance on the stage at the Boston Globe Theater, in a minor part. She first appeared in this city at the old Comstock, now Metropolitan Opera House, about seven years ago with Palmer in the "Danites." She appeared later with the Bennett A. Moulton Opera Company, at the Grand, four years ago. ... Mrs. Booth-Henderson has many of the characteristic features so marked in the Booth family and her facial resemblance, as well as her love for the stage, would seem to be strong evidence of the statement she makes. She states that she has a diary containing much important memoranda of her father's life and papers of his, and that at some time not far distant she will make them public."

Death
On April 12, 1892, Ogarita Booth Henderson died from pneumonia at age 32 while on the road with Floy Crowell's Dramatic Company in Binghamton, New York. She was buried in Glenwood Cemetery in Binghamton.

References

Sources
This One Mad Act, 1937, by Izola Forrester
The Elusive Booths of Burrillville, 1991, by Patrichia Mehrtens and Joyce Knibb

External links
Izola L. Forrester Papers, Schlesinger Library , Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University. Contains a collection of letters written by Ogarita Booth Henderson and other documents regarding her and the family.
BoothieBarn biography of John Wilkes Booth's sister, Rosalie, contains information about Ogarita's mother's claims of Booth paternity.
"The Macabre Saga of Ogarita Booth Henderson", by J.T. Colfax

19th-century American actresses
1859 births
1892 deaths
American stage actresses
Burials in New York (state)
Booth family (theatre)
Deaths from pneumonia in New York (state)
Actresses from Providence, Rhode Island


State Route 210 (SR 210) was a state highway entirely in Presque Isle, Maine. It ran in a  loop from the intersection of U.S. Route 1 (US 1) and SR 164 along the north and west side of the Aroostook River before turning to the west and ending at US 1. The route was originally designated in 1925, and ran between Fryeburg and North Waterford. During the renumbering, it became part of SR 5. Between 1937 and 1938, the number was applied to the loop built as a service road for the Northern Maine Sanitarium.  Even after the closure of the sanitarium in the 1970s, the road along which the state route ran remains open and in use.

Route description
The route began at the intersection of Caribou Road (US 1) and Washburn Road (SR 164 at its southern terminus) about  north of the Aroostook River and approximately  north of downtown Presque Isle. The road (named Reach Road) went southeast paralleling the river passing some woods, houses, and farmland. At the site of a former factory, the road curved to the east-northeast and intersected Higgins Road. At this point, SR 210 began to also closely follow a Bangor and Aroostook Railroad line. It passed the site of the Northern Maine Sanitarium (now in use as apartments) before slowly curving to the north. Now heading north, opposite the river from SR 205, the west side of the road's surroundings are mostly farms. At Brewer Road, SR 210 turned onto it heading due west up a small hill and through an area surrounded completely by farms and associated houses and work buildings. The road intersected the other end of Higgins Road and passed the studio and transmitter location of WAGM-TV before ending at a T-intersection with US 1/Caribou Road.

Major junctions

References

External links

Maine State Route 210 Termini (Archived from August 15, 2007)

210
Transportation in Aroostook County, Maine


Nannacara taenia is a species of cichlid found near Belém in Brazil in South America.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

taenia
Fish described in 1912
Taxa named by Charles Tate Regan
Fish of Brazil


Andrew Ewbank Burn (17 January 1864 – 28 November 1927) was an English clergyman in the Church of England, Dean of Salisbury from 1920 until his death in 1927.

Born in Bareilly  on 17 January 1864 and educated at Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge, Andrew Burn was ordained into the priesthood in 1888. His first posts were curacies at St Cuthbert, Bensham and St Andrew, Auckland after which he was Rector of Kynnersley, Rural Dean of Edgmond, a Prebendary of Lichfield Cathedral and an Honorary Chaplain to the King before his elevation to the Deanery. An eminent theologian, he died on 28 November 1927.

His son in law was later Bishop of Madras.

Works
Niceta of Remesiana, His Life and Works, 1905
The Athanasian Creed and its early Commentaries, 1906
The Crown of Thorns, 1911
The Council of Nicaea: a memorial for its sixteenth centenary, 1926

References

External links

1864 births
People from Bareilly
People educated at Charterhouse School
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Honorary Chaplains to the King
Deans of Salisbury
1927 deaths


William E. "Jocko" Halligan (December 8, 1868 in Avon, New York – February 13, 1945 in Buffalo, New York), was a professional baseball player who played outfielder in the Major Leagues from 1890–1892. He would play for the Baltimore Orioles, Cincinnati Reds, and Buffalo Bisons.

External links

1868 births
1945 deaths
Major League Baseball outfielders
Baltimore Orioles (NL) players
Buffalo Bisons (PL) players
Cincinnati Reds players
19th-century baseball players
Binghamton Crickets (1880s) players
Canandaigua (minor league baseball) players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Omaha Lambs players
Wilkes-Barre Coal Barons players
Kansas City Blues (baseball) players
Jersey City Skeeters players
Scranton Miners players
Baseball players from New York (state)
People from Avon, New York
Burials in Buffalo, New York


Life Insurance is the debut album by rapper, Mr. Serv-On. It was released on August 5, 1997 through No Limit Records and was mostly produced by the labels in-house production team, Beats By the Pound, with one track produced by Brotha Lynch Hung. The album was both a commercial and critical success selling 98,000 units in one week, peaking at #20 on the Billboard 200 and #12 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums,.

Track listing
"Let's Get It Started"- 4:18 (featuring Master P, Mia X and Silkk the Shocker)
"My Best Friend"- 5:03 (featuring Master P)
"Head & Shoulders"- 4:44 (featuring Mia X and Silkk the Shocker)
"Heaven Is So Close"- 5:35 (featuring Master P, Silkk the Shocker, Kenya Miller and Mo B. Dick)
"It's Real"- 4:25 (featuring Brotha Lynch Hung and Master P)
"Pussy Dreams"- 4:04  (featuring Odell)
"Die Rich"- 4:50 (featuring Mac, Prime Suspects and Lil Gotti of Gambino Family)
"Who Raised Me"- 4:47 (featuring Fiend)
"You Know I Would"- 3:29 (featuring Mia X)
"Hustlin"- 3:45 (featuring Master P and Mystikal)
"Cemetery Made"- 3:51 (featuring C-Murder)
"5 Hollow Points"- 4:17 (featuring Mia X, Big Ed the Assassin, Fiend and Kane & Abel)
"Tryin' to Make It Out da Ghetto"- 3:04 (featuring Master P and Mac)
"Time to Check My Fetty"- 3:25 (featuring Master P)
"Affiliated"- 4:09
"We Ain't the Same"- 4:34 (featuring Big Ed the Assassin and Mo B. Dick)
"Throw Ya City Up"- 3:59
"Last Wordz"- 4:11 (featuring Mia X)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

1997 debut albums
Mr. Serv-On albums
No Limit Records albums
Priority Records albums
Gangsta rap albums by American artists


Events in the year 1806 in Norway.

Incumbents
Monarch: Christian VII

Events

Arts and literature

Births
2 February – Bersvend Martinussen Røkkum, politician (d.1867)
2 March – Carl Andreas Fougstad, politician (d.1871)
7 August – Tellef Dahll Schweigaard, politician (d.1886)
15 November – Hans Severin Arentz, politician (d.1875)

Full date unknown
Hans J. C. Aall, politician (d.1894)
Peder Paulsen Anzjøn, politician
Peter Munch Brager, priest and politician
Daniel Otto Isaachsen, businessperson and politician (d.1891)
Jacob Tostrup, goldsmith and jeweller (d.1890)

Deaths

Full date unknown
Ole Rødder, violinist (b.1743).

See also

References


William F. Johnson (September 28, 1861 – July 17, 1942) was an American Major League Baseball outfielder. He played all or parts of five seasons in the majors.

Nicknamed "Lefty" and "Sleepy Bill", Johnson made his debut with the Philadelphia Keystones of the Union Association in , playing just one game in left field and going 0-for-4. He did not play in the majors again until , when he played in 11 games for the Indianapolis Hoosiers. He played all 11 games in right field, batting just .190. He was one of 19 different players to appear in right field that season for the Hoosiers.

Once again, Johnson spent two seasons out of the majors, returning in  for the American Association's Baltimore Orioles. After batting .295 in 24 games that season, he would be one of the Orioles' primary outfielders in , playing at least 24 games at all three positions while batting .271 with 79 RBI. However, after the Orioles moved to the National League in , Johnson got off to a slow start. He went just 2-for-15 in his first four games and was let go, ending his major league career.

External links

1861 births
1942 deaths
19th-century baseball players
Major League Baseball outfielders
Baltimore Orioles (AA) players
Baltimore Orioles (NL) players
Indianapolis Hoosiers (NL) players
Philadelphia Keystones players
Hartford Dark Blues (minor league) players
Baseball players from New Jersey


Events in the year 1890 in Norway.

Incumbents
Monarch – Oscar II
Prime Minister –

Events

Arts and literature

Sult, novel by Knut Hamsun is published.

Births

January to June
10 January – Kirsten Utheim Toverud, pediatrician (died 1949).
16 January – Henry Reinholt, footballer (died 1980).
23 January – Leon Aurdal, painter (died 1949).
13 February – Georg Tysland, engineer and metallurgist
18 March – Gunnar Andersen, international soccer player and ski jumper (died 1968)
26 April – Arne Gjedrem, politician (died 1978)
11 May – Helge Løvland, decathlete and Olympic gold medallist (died 1984)
14 May – Olaf Johannessen, rifle shooter (died 1977)
14 May – Harald Houge Torp, politician (died 1972)
7 June – Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen, aviation pioneer, polar explorer and businessman (died 1965)

July to September
10 July – Marie Ingeborg Skau, politician (died 1966)
25 July – Torleiv Corneliussen, sailor and Olympic gold medallist (died 1975)
31 July – Håkon Tønsager, rower (died 1975)
19 August – Konrad Knudsen, painter, journalist and politician (died 1959)
29 August – Peder Furubotn, cabinetmaker and politician (died 1975).
3 September – Per Fokstad, teacher, politician and intellectual (died 1973)
17 September – Sverre Grøner, gymnast and Olympic silver medallist (died 1972)

October to December
1 October – Halfdan Haneborg Hansen, military officer, Milorg pioneer and businessman (died 1974).
23 October – Anders Johanneson Bøyum, politician (died 1962)
26 October – John Aae, politician (died 1968)
23 November – Frithjof Olstad, rower and Olympic bronze medallist (died 1956)
14 December – Sigurd Hoel, author and publishing consultant (died 1960)

Full date unknown
Harald Langhelle, newspaper editor and politician (died 1942)
Ragnar Skancke, politician and Minister (died 1948)
Bjørn Talén, opera singer (died 1945)

Deaths

Full date unknown
Ole Andreas Bachke, politician and Minister (born 1830)
Paul Peter Vilhelm Breder, politician (born 1816)
Svend Adolph Solberg, politician (born 1831)
Jacob Tostrup, goldsmith and jeweller (born 1806)
 Clara Ursin, actress and singer (born 1828)

See also

References


Norodom Arunrasmy (; born 2 October 1955) is a Cambodian princess, politician, and diplomat. She is the youngest daughter of HM King Father Norodom Sihanouk and stepdaughter of Queen Mother Norodom Monineath. Her birth mother is Mam Manivan Phanivong, a Lao woman who was born in Vientiane, Laos and married King Sihanouk in 1949.

Life and career
Arunrasmy attended primary school at the Petit Lycée Descartes in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and attended secondary school at the Dominican International School in Taipei, Taiwan. In the 1980s she began her professional career in banking, working at the Bank of California in Long Beach, and later Siam Commercial Bank in New York. After the Paris Peace Accords, Arunrasmay became deputy director and then director of Cambodian Agricultural Bank from 1992 to 1997. She was also a member of the Cambodian Red Cross Committee and member of the ASEAN Women's Association (ASEAN Ladies Circle).

She was selected as the Funcinpec party candidate for the 2008 Cambodian parliamentary elections, she was the Cambodian Ambassador to Malaysia from 2005 to 2018 before being nominated to the Senate by King Norodom Sihamoni.

Her Highness is fluent in Khmer, French, Lao, Thai and English languages.

Family
Arunrasmy married Major Prince Sisowath Sirirath in 1970, with whom she had three children: Sisowath Nakia, Sisowath Nando and Sisowath Sirikith Nathalie. They divorced in 1991, and she then married Keo Puth Rasmey, with whom she had two children.

References

External links

 Norodom
 – Statement by HRH Princess SAMDECH Norodom

1955 births
Cambodian princesses
Living people
Commanders of the Legion of Honour
Children of prime ministers of Cambodia
Cambodian people of Laotian descent
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Cambodia
Members of the Senate (Cambodia)
Members of the Royal Order of Monisaraphon
Daughters of kings


Aubrey Robinson may refer to:

 Aubrey Eugene Robinson Jr., United States federal judge
 Aubrey Robinson (Hawaii planter), Hawaiian island owner


The 71st Fighter Wing (71 FW) is a disbanded unit of the United States Air Force, last stationed at Lambert Field, St. Louis, Missouri. It was withdrawn from the Missouri Air National Guard (MO ANG) and inactivated on 31 October 1950.

This wing is not related to the 71st Tactical Reconnaissance Wing or subsequent units that was constituted on 18 August 1948 and activated on 25 October 1948.

History

World War II
Established and organized at March Field, California in 1943 as a command and control organization.   Deployed to the European Theater of Operations (ETO) in late 1943 and assigned to IX Fighter Command, Ninth Air Force.  Initial Mission of the Wing was to receive operational orders from Headquarters, IX Fighter Command and direct subordinate groups in attacking enemy targets in Occupied France and the Low Countries in preparation for the Normandy Invasion in June 1944.    Targets included bridges, roads, railroads and enemy interceptor aircraft both on the ground as well as in air-to-air combat.

After the D-Day invasion, was directed to provide ground support for advancing United States First Army forces in France, attacking enemy targets initially in the Cotentin Peninsula, then supported Operation Cobra, the breakout of Normandy and attacked enemy forces in the Falaise-Argentan Gap.

Reassigned to IX Air Defense Command on 1 July 1944, its mission was changed to provide air defense against attacking enemy aircraft over liberated areas of France and later, the Low Countries. Wing headquarters and subordinate units operated primarily from liberated airfields and newly built temporary Advanced Landing Grounds in continental Europe.  Along with air defense, subordinate units engaged in combat in support of ground forces during the breakthrough at St. Lo in July 1944. Attacked tanks, trucks, and troop concentrations as enemy retreated; provided armed reconnaissance for advancing Allied armored columns. During September 1944, attacked flak positions near Eindhoven during Operation Market-Garden, the airborne landing in the Netherlands; bombed enemy communications and transportation lines in western Germany. Flew armed reconnaissance missions over Battle of the Bulge during December 1944 – January 1944.  Flew missions against enemy transportation systems including motor vehicles, bridges, trains, railway bridges, and marshalling yards during February and March 1945. Moved to Germany in April 1945, flying last combat missions on 3 May 1945.

Remained in Europe after the war as part of United States Air Forces in Europe, performing occupation duty and the destruction or shipment to the United States of captured enemy combat equipment.  Demobilized in Germany and organization was inactivated as an administrative unit in the United States, December 1945.

Air National Guard
Allocated to the Missouri Air National Guard for command and control origination for units in the Midwest Region (North & South Dakota, Minnesota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri) of the United States.  Extended federal recognition and activated on 3 July 1946.

At the end of October 1950, the Air National Guard converted to the wing-base (Hobson Plan) organization. As a result, the wing was withdrawn from the Missouri ANG and was inactivated on 31 October 1950.  The 131st Composite Wing was established by the National Guard Bureau, allocated to the state of Missouri, recognized and activated 1 November 1950; assuming the personnel, equipment and mission of the inactivated 71st Fighter Wing.

Operations and decorations
 Combat Operations:  Combat in European Theater of Operations (ETO), 23 December 1943-May 1945.
 Campaigns: Air Offensive, Europe ;Normandy; Northern France
 Decorations: Cited in the Order of the Day, Belgian Army: 6 Jun-6 Jun-[Aug] 1944

Lineage
 Organized as 71st Fighter Wing on 11 Oct 1943
 Activated on 15 August 1943
 Inactivated on 3 December 1945
 Allotted to the Missouri ANG on 24 May 1946
 Extended federal recognition and activated on 3 July 1946
 Inactivated, and returned to the control of the Department of the Air Force, on 31 October 1950
 Disbanded on 15 June 1983

Assignments
 Fourth Air Force, 15 August – 23 December 1943
 IX Fighter Command, 4 December 1943 – 1 July 1944
 IX Air Defense Command, 1 July 1944 – November 1945
 Missouri Air National Guard, 3 July 1946 – 31 October 1950

Components

World War II
 358th Fighter Group: (P-47 Thunderbolt), 1 August-1 October 1944
 Attached to: IX Tactical Air Command, entire period
 366th Fighter Group: (P-47 Thunderbolt), 10 January 1944 – 3 December 1945
 368th Fighter Group: (P-47 Thunderbolt), 1 August-1 October 1944
 Attached to: IX Tactical Air Command, entire period
 370th Fighter Group: (P-38 Lightning), 1 August-1 October 1944
 Attached to: IX Tactical Air Command, entire period
 422d Night Fighter Squadron: (P-61 Black Widow), 4 May-6 August 1944

Missouri Air National Guard
 131st Fighter Group, 15 July 1946 – 31 October 1950
 132d Fighter Group, 23 August 1946 – 31 October 1950 (Iowa ANG)
 133d Fighter Group, 28 August 1947 – 31 October 1950 (Minnesota ANG)
 136th Fighter Group, 27 January 1947 – 23 May 1948 (Texas ANG)
 137th Fighter Group, 18 December 1947 – 23 May 1948 (Oklahoma ANG)
 122d Bombardment Group (Light), 5 December 1946 – 23 May 1948 (Louisiana ANG)
 157th Air Control and Warning Group, 1948 - 1951
 154th Fighter Squadron, 27 May 1946 – 2 October 1947 (Arkansas ANG)
 175th Fighter Squadron, 20 September 1946 – 28 August 1947 (South Dakota ANG)

Stations

 March Field, California, 15 August – 26 November 1943
 RAF Aldermaston (AAF-467), England, 23 December 1943
 RAF Greenham Common (AAF-486), England, 14 January 1944
 RAF Andover (AAF-406), England, 1 March – 4 July 1944
 Ecrammeville, France, 7 July 1944
 St-Pierre-Eglise, France, 4 August 1944
 Ecrammeville, France, 7 August 1944
 Rennes Airfield (A-27), France, 20 August 1944

 Versailles, France, 9 September 1944
 Vittel, France, 23 October 1944
 Heidelberg, Germany, 23 April 1945
 Nancy, France, 21 May 1945
 Nancy/Essey Airfield (Y-42), France, 16 July 1945
 Darmstadt, Germany, 25 September–November 1945
 Camp Shanks, New York, 2–3 December 1945
 Lambert Field, St. Louis, Missouri, 3 July 1946 – 31 October 1950

References

 Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History.
 Johnson, David C. (1988), U.S. Army Air Forces Continental Airfields (ETO), D-Day to V-E Day; Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama.

071
071
0071
Military units and formations established in 1943
Military units and formations disestablished in 1950


Heaven Knows is the debut album by Australian singer-songwriter Rick Price, released in July 1992 through Sony Music-Columbia. It peaked at No. 3 in Australia in July 1992 and spent 23 weeks in the ARIA top 40 chart, and was also successful internationally in numerous countries. The album spawned five singles, all of which charted on the ARIA charts, with its first two singles cracking the top ten. The second single and title track "Heaven Knows" also charted in many countries in Europe and Asia and won the APRA Award song of the year. The fourth single was a cover of The Left Banke hit Walk Away Renee.

There were three issues of the album including a U.S. release and a double deluxe-CD Australian Tour Pressing in 1993. The album features a duet with renowned singer Tina Arena.

Track listing
 CD
 "What's Wrong with That Girl" (P. Buckle, R. Price) - 4:08
 "Not a Day Goes By" (P. Reswick, R. Price, S. Werfel) - 4:17
 "A House Divided" (P. Reswick, R. Price, S. Werfel) - 4:22
 "Walk Away Renée" (B. Calilli, M, Brown, T. Sansone) - 4:26
 "Heaven Knows" (H. Field, R. Price) - 4:25
 "Church on Fire" (P. Reswick, R. Price, S. Werfel) - 4:52
 "Life Without You" (P. Reswick, R. Price, S. Werfel) - 3:43
 "Foollin' Myself" (H. Field, R. Price) - 3:44
 "Forever Me and You" (H. Field, P. Gleeson, R. Price) - 4:14
 "Fragile" (H. Field, R. Price) - 3:28

Deluxe edition

1993 re-release bonus disc
 "Listen to Your Heart"
 "If You Were My Baby"
 "Wishin"
 "We've Got Each Other"
 "Not a Day Goes By"  (Acoustic Version)
 "Where Are You Now"

Personnel
 Rick Price – acoustic guitar, backing vocals
 Tina Arena – backing vocals
 Neil Stubenhaus – bass guitar
 John Robinson – drums, percussion
 Michael Thompson – guitar
 Jimmy "Z" Zavala – harmonica
 Frank Marocco – piano, accordion
 Claude Gaudette – piano, Hammond organ

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

1992 debut albums
Rick Price albums
Sony Music Australia albums


Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare low-grade malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of the soft tissues, that differs from other sarcomas by unique histology and characteristic chromosomal translocations. There is an uncertain differentiation (there is no evidence yet showing that EMC exhibits the feature of cartilaginous differentiation) and neuroendocrine differentiation is even possible.

Classification
EMC was firstly described in 1953 by Stout et al. when they discussed the different species of extraskeletal chondrosarcoma, but EMC concept was firstly proposed in 1972 by Enzinger et al. Brody thought that this was a unique low-grade malignancy with a low growth rate and both clinically and histopathologically distinct anamnesis beside the typical chondrosarcomas. However, the parental line of EMC cells remains indeterminate. According to the most recent edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone, EMC has been classified as a type of soft tissue tumor with uncertain differentiation.

Recent statistics demonstrate that EMC shows a higher incidence of local recurrence, metastasis and patient mortality and therefore are classified as mean-grade malignancies.

EMC is rare and accounts for less than 3% of soft tissue tumors. It mainly affects adults with an average age of about 54 years (age range 29 to 73 years) and is more common in males, the ratio of male to female is 2:1.

Diagnosis
EMCS appears clinically as a slowly developing mass of soft tissue associated with pain and tenderness. Two-thirds of EMC tumors are primarily found in sub-fascia soft tissues of the proximal extremities and limb girdles, especially the thigh and popliteal fossa. The average tumor size is about 9.3 cm (3.3–18 cm). Uncommon locations are the distal extremities, the paraspinal part and the head and neck region. [8] Incidence of the head and neck region is less than 5%.

Cytogenetics
The cells in EMC tumors do not express specific tumor marker proteins that would help in diagnosing this disease. For example, less than 20% of EMC tumor cases contain cells that express the S100 protein whereas many other tumor types contain cells that express S100 protein in most or all cases (see Pathology of S100 protein).

The cytogenetics of this tumor reside in the reciprocal translocations of the 9q22 locus with chromosomes 3q11, 15q21, 17q11, and 22q12. Other cytogenetic events can be observed but are not characteristic. The most common translocation includes the EWSR1 locus at 22q12 and the NR4A3 (also known as TEC and CHN) locus at 9q22. As often can be seen in chimeric transcripts including EWSR1, the transactivation domain of EWSR1 is fused to the DNA-binding domain of NR4A3. Several types of fusion products can be observed, depending on which exons are involved. NR4A3 is an orphan nuclear receptor that is able to activate the FOS promoter and plays a role in the regulation of hematopoietic growth and differentiation. In EMC the DNA-binding domain is constant and the transactivation domains of several genes are involved. These genes include TAF2N (17q11), also termed TAF15, encoding an RNA-binding protein which is a component of transcription factor II D, TCF12 (15q21) encoding a transcription factor in the basic helix–loop–helix family, and TFG (3q11) which encodes a regulator of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway with homology to FUS and EWSR1 in its N-terminal region. TFG is also observed as a fusion transcript with ALK (2p23) in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and with ANTRK1 (1q21) in some of the thyroid papillary carcinomas. Recent evidence demonstrates that tumors with these various translocations have similar profiles of the gene expression.

Five fusion partners for NR4A3 have been described including: EWSR1 (22q12.2), TAF15 (17q12), FUS (16p11.2), TCF12 (15q21), and TFG (3q12.2). The EWSR1, TAF15 (i.e. TAF2N), and FUS proteins are members of the FET protein family of RNA binding proteins. They are partners in various fusion proteins that are associated with, and suggested to promote, not only EMC but also a wide range of other tumor types. The fusion proteins found in the neoplastic cells of EMC consist of NR4A3 in >90% of cases partnered with EWRS1 in >75% of cases or, alternatively, TAF15, TCF12, or TFG in uncommon cases.

Pathological features
EMC shows the smallest morphological variation between the tumors among all myxoid soft tissue neoplasms. The myxoid matrix has a fibrous structure that is different from the grainy appearance of most other myxoid lesions. It is stained with magenta in the air-dried samples. Among all myxoid tumors, EMC has the least vascular structures. Chondroblast-like lacunas may be formed, but no differentiation of hyaline cartilago has been described.

Smears contain plump spindle-shaped or oval tumor cells arranged in a lacelike pattern of loosely cohesive cords and nests. The malignant cells are uniform and lack nuclear pleomorphism. The nuclei have round or oval shape and are hyperchromatic with finely stippled chromatin. The nucleolus is small and inconspicuous. Nuclear clefts and grooves are common and the cytoplasm is homogeneous, scanty to moderately abundant, and often appears wispy and tapered, with well-defined borders of cells.

Prognosis
EMC patients have a long-term clinical course with a survival rate of 5 years in 90% of patients, 10 years at 70% and 15 years at 60%. Local recurrences occur in up to 48% of patients. Metastasis occurs in approximately 50% of cases with the most frequent occurrence in the lungs, which is common site of metastasis in all sarcomas. There have been rare cases of spontaneous regression of pulmonary metastases without any treatment.

Treatment
As with all these subgroups of sarcomas, standard treatment for primary EMC is complete surgical resection, in high risk cases followed by radiation therapy. Unfortunately, the rates of response to conventional chemotherapeutic and radiation regimens are low.

References

Neoplasms
Oncology