Marc Albrecht (born 1964) is a German conductor who lives in The Netherlands. He was chief conductor of the Dutch National Opera, the Netherlands Chamber Orchestra, and the Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra from 2009 to 2020.

Biography
Born in Hanover, Lower Saxony, West Germany, Albrecht is the son of the conductor George Alexander Albrecht and Corinne Albrecht, formerly a ballet dancer who became a physiotherapist. He is a first cousin of Ursula von der Leyen (née Albrecht). Albrecht studied music with his father. Albrecht has served as an assistant to Claudio Abbado with the Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester, and an assistant conductor to Gerd Albrecht (no relation) at the Hamburg State Opera.

From 1995 to 2001, Albrecht was music director of the Staatstheater Darmstadt.  From 2001 to 2004, he was first guest conductor with the Deutsche Oper Berlin.  He became artistic adviser of the Orchestre philharmonique de Strasbourg (Strasbourg Philharmonic Orchestra) in 2005, and music director in 2008.  With the Strasbourg Philharmonic, he has conducted commercial recordings for the Pentatone label, including orchestral lieder of Alban Berg and piano concertos by Robert Schumann and Antonín Dvořák.  He concluded his Strasbourg tenure in 2011.

Albrecht made his first conducting appearance at the Dutch National Opera in September 2008 with Die Frau ohne Schatten. In March 2009, he was named chief conductor of the Netherlands Chamber Orchestra, Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra, and Dutch National Opera, effective with the 2011-2012 season.  His initial contract was for four years.  In May 2016, the orchestra announced the extension of Albrecht's contract through the 2019-2020 season.  He stood down from all three of these chief conductorships at the end of the 2019-2020 season.  He has led commercial recordings with the Netherlands Philharmonic and the Netherlands Opera for the Pentatone label.

Albrecht maintains a residence in Amsterdam.  His wife is an opera singer, and the couple have a son.

Selected discography
 Richard Strauss - Tone Poems. Marc Albrecht, Orchestre Philharmonique de Strasbourg. PENTATONE PTC 5186310 (2008).
 Alban Berg - Orchestral Pieces and Lieder. Christiane Iven, Marc Albrecht, Orchestre Philharmonique de Strasbourg. PENTATONE PTC 5186363 (2009).
 Schumann & Dvořák - Piano Concertos. Marc Albrecht, Martin Helmchen, Orchestre Philharmonique de Strasbourg. PENTATONE PTC 5186333 (2009).
 Dukas - L'apprenti sorcier / Ravel - Ma mère l'Oye / Koechlin - Les Bandar-log. Marc Albrecht, Orchestre Philharmonique de Strasbourg. PENTATONE PTC 5186336 (2010).
 Korngold - Symphony in F sharp, Op.40; Much Ado About nothing, Op.11. Marc Albrecht, Orchestre Philharmonique de Strasbourg. PENTATONE PTC 5186373 (2010).
 Mahler - The Song of the Earth. Marc Albrecht, Alice Coote, Burkhard Fritz, Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra. PENTATONE PTC 5186502 (2013).
 Brahms (orch. Schoenberg) Piano Quartet, Op. 25, Schoenberg - Begleitmusik zu einer Lichtspielszene. Marc Albrecht, Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra. PENTATONE PTC 5186398 (2015)
 Mahler - Symphony No. 4. Marc Albrecht, Elizabeth Watts, Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra. PENTATONE PTC 5186487 (2015).
 Mahler - Song Cycles. Marc Albrecht, Alice Coote, Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra. PENTATONE PTC 5186576 (2017).
Richard Strauss - Burleske/Ein Heldenleben. Marc Albrecht, Denis Kozhukhin, Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra. PENTATONE PTC 5186617 (2018).
Zemlinsky - Die Seejungfrau. Marc Albrecht, Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra. PENTATONE PTC 5186740 (2020).

References

External links
 Konzertdirektion Schmid agency biography of Marc Albrecht
 Klassik Heute, German-language biography
 Musikverein Darmstadt German-language timeline history page
 Dresden Philharmonic Philharmonische Blätter, "Der Dirigent Marc Albrecht im Porträt", July-August 2010 (German language article)

1964 births
German male conductors (music)
Living people
21st-century German conductors (music)
21st-century German male musicians
Albrecht family


il Resto del Carlino is an Italian newspaper based in Bologna, and is one of the oldest newspapers in Italy. Its rather evocative name means "the change you get from a carlino", which the smallest part of the Papal baiocco (no longer legal tender in united Italy but a word still used in Bologna to refer to 10 cent coins): a sheet of local news was given out in shops to make up for the change owing after buying a cigar (which was worth 8 cents).

History and profile
il Resto del Carlino was established in 1885. The founder was Amilcare Zamorani. Between 1912 and 1914 its editor was Giovanni Amendola. In 1988 the owner of the paper was Monrif. In 2004 the owners were Monrif (59.2%) and the RCS MediaGroup (9.9%). The publisher of the paper is Poligrafici Editoriali.

il Resto del Carlino is based in Bologna and is published in tabloid format. Its sister newspapers are La Nazione and Il Giorno.

Circulation
The 1988 circulation of il Resto del Carlino was 310,000 copies. Its circulation was 188,000 copies in 2000. The circulation of the paper was 183,513 copies in 2001 and it was 180,098 copies in 2002. The paper had a circulation of 179,000 copies in 2003 and 176,277 copies in 2004. It was 168,000 copies in 2007 and 165,207 copies in 2008.

In 2012 the paper sold 63,381 copies.

Local editions
 Ancona
 Ascoli
 Bologna
 Cesena
 Fermo
 Ferrara
 Forlì
 Imola
 Macerata
 Marche
 Modena
 Pesaro
 Ravenna
 Reggio Emilia
 Rimini
 Roma (as Quotidiano Nazionale)
 Romagna
 Rovigo

References

External links
 il Resto del Carlino Official Website

1885 establishments in Italy
Italian-language newspapers
Mass media in Bologna
Daily newspapers published in Italy
Newspapers established in 1885


Hozo is a graphical ontology editor especially created to produce heavy-weight ontologies. It was developed in Japan through a partnership between the Department of Knowledge Systems (Mizoguchi Laboratory), ISIR-Osaka University, and Enegate Co, Ltd.

References

External links
 Official website
 Mizoguchi Laboratory
 Enegate

Ontology editors
Osaka University research


Fort Stansbury was a frontier outpost created during the Seminole War (1835—1842), and also used during the Civil War. The fort was located in current Wakulla County, Florida, in between Tallahassee and Wakulla Springs. It was headquarters for the U.S. 3rd Infantry Regiment. Its construction would have been typical of other forts built at the time, utilizing blockhouses and made from split pine trees. According to a contemporary account, of the 600 man garrison, a third became sick due to fever, dysentery, and other illness. The fort was occupied from, at the latest, September 1840, and abandoned by around April 1843. It was under the command of Lt. Colonel Ethan Allen Hitchcock from October 1842 until January 13, 1843. Despite there being no record of an artillery unit posted to the fort, the discovery of a jacket button belong to the Artillery Corps indicates that the fort may have been equipped with cannons or other large guns.

References

Stansbury
Wakulla County, Florida
Pre-statehood history of Florida
Florida in the American Civil War
1842 establishments in Florida Territory


Elisha Walker Rumsey (ca. 1785-August 1827) was an American pioneer and  co-founder of the U.S. city of Ann Arbor. He and John Allen founded Ann Arbor in 1824.

Early life
Little is known about Rumsey's early life. He was born in Sharon, Connecticut, not in New York as most stories claimed. His reasons for travelling to Michigan are unclear.

Ann Arbor
Rumsey met with John Allen in January 1824 in Detroit. Rumsey and Allen left Detroit together, reaching the site of present-day Ann Arbor in early February. By February 14, they had returned to Detroit to register their claims at the federal land office. Rumsey, the less wealthy of the two, purchased  of land for $200. Allen purchased  for $600. They also purchased the right to have their village designated the county seat for $1,000. On May 25, the town plot was registered in Wayne County.  Initially, the name of the town was written "Annarbour", but thereafter it appeared as two words. According to Russell Bidlack's Ann Arbor's First Lady: Events in the Life of Ann I. Allen (1998), Ann Arbor was named in honor of John Allen's wife, Ann. Other writers have suggested that Ann Arbor was named for both of the wives of its founders, Ann Allen (wife of Allen) and Mary Ann Rumsey (wife of Rumsey).

Rumsey's house, completed in 1825, was the first structure to be built in the new town. Named Washtenaw Coffee House, it became the first hotel and cafe in Ann Arbor.  Many new settlers stayed in Rumsey's hotel until their houses were built.  Unlike Allen, who was concerned with business functions of Ann Arbor, Rumsey was more involved in the human aspect of the city, providing housing and meals to new residents.

Personality of Rumsey
Little is known about Elisha Rumsey's personality. A reminiscence from a Mr. and Mrs. Anderson described him as "a commonplace man both in ability and appearance”. Another reminiscence, by a Mr. Morton, described him as "a man of more than ordinary intelligence, and . . . he knew how to keep a hotel.

Death

Rumsey died in August 1827 due to a fever. He was buried in Forest Hill Cemetery, Ann Arbor, with a headstone bearing the inscription, "The first settler in Ann Arbor". He is the only town founder buried in Ann Arbor.

Notes

References

External links

1780s births
1827 deaths
American pioneers
People of the Michigan Territory
People from Ann Arbor, Michigan
People from Sharon, Connecticut
American city founders


Enzo Diena (March 23, 1927 – January 20, 2000), of Italy, was an Italian philatelist who continued the tradition of his father Alberto Diena and grandfather Emilio Diena in dedicating himself to the study of stamps of Italy.

Collecting interests
Diena collected, and was an expert on, postage stamps of Italy, especially the early classic stamps of Italy and the Italian States of the 19th century. He was editor of various philatelic publications, such as the Italia Filatelica which later merged and became La Settimana del Collezionista to form Il Collezionista - Italia Filatelica. Diena worked with a number of catalogers of Italian stamps, and wrote extensively on the stamps of Italy and Italian states.

Philatelic activity
Diena served on a number of international philatelic juries over a career of forty years.

His knowledge of Italian philately was recognized by the Italian post office, which led to his becoming admitted to the Philatelic Committee of the Italian Ministry of Posts.

Honors and awards
Diena signed the Golden Roll of Italian Philately in 1967, signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1977, and received the Lichtenstein Medal in 1978. He was awarded the Luff Award in 1981 for Exceptional Contributions to Philately and the Lindenberg Medal in 1984. He was named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 2001.

See also
 Philately
 Philatelic literature

References

1927 births
2000 deaths
Philatelic literature
Italian philatelists
Recipients of the Lindenberg Medal
Philately of Italy
Signatories to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists
American Philatelic Society


Daikakuji Seamount is a seamount (underwater volcano) and the southwesternmost volcanic feature in the Hawaiian Emperor chain bend area.

Geology
The seamount is very close to the "V"-shaped bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, and thus would be useful in understanding the exact age of the bend. Although few dredge samples are available, they have all been reliably dated at 47 million years (Sharp and Clague, Science, 313, 1281–84, 2006), during the Eocene epoch of the Paleogene period.

During the cruise SO112 of the R/V SONNE, high resolution bathymetric mapping was conducted, showing that Daikakuji is nearly  in diameter and nearly  in height, with a summit lying  underwater.

Because of its flat capped top, Daikakuji is considered a guyot. A smaller, younger, secondary guyot just east of the main mass overlaps its slope. The western site suffered a large collapse sometime in its history, evident by a large slump, that likely carried away a significant part of the volcano's caldera.

Daikakuji Seamount has some well developed rift zones oriented towards the Emperor portion of the chain, whereas the younger, secondary cone has rift flanks in the direction of the Hawaiian ridge.

See also
List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain

References

Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
Seamounts of the Pacific Ocean
Guyots
Hotspot volcanoes
Eocene volcanoes
Paleogene Oceania


Waldenström hyperglobulinemic purpura  is a skin condition that presents with episodic showers of petechiae (small red or purple spots) occurring on all parts of the body, most profusely on the lower extremities.

See also
 Skin lesion

References

Vascular-related cutaneous conditions


Ban Na Satang  is a village within Na Tan Subdistrict, Na Tan District, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. Located in the north east of Thailand it is set in typical Thai Isaan surroundings of rice paddies Na Satang has approximately 200 inhabitants.  Na Satang is a rural village and dependent on neighboring Na Tan and Khemarat municipalities. Ubon Ratchathani city plays a major role as commercial center in the region.  Na Satang is heavily dependent of its agriculture and the produce is mainly rice farming of the types kao sway (jasmin rice) and kao niao (sticky rice).

Populated places in Ubon Ratchathani province


Miss Guam is a national beauty pageant in Guam.

History

1965—2000
Miss Guam was founded in 1965 by the Guam Beauty Organization to spread the håfa adai spirit, promote and showcase Guamanian culture. In early Miss Guam selected the winner to Miss Universe. Since 2008, the winner represents Guam at the Miss Universe pageant and additionally Guam returned to Miss International and from Miss Guam org. a runner-up represents Guam at the Miss International pageant.

2008—Present
In 2008, Miss Guam was renamed as Miss Universe Guam to choose representatives for the Miss Universe and Miss International pageants. Since that year, Miss Universe Guam has two official licenses for the island. Meanwhile, the representative for Miss World is selected by Miss World Guam pageant since 2011.

Titleholders

Miss Guam Universe

Miss Guam International

Miss Guam has competed since 1964. There are four Miss Guam titleholders in 1979, 1982, 1988 and 1991 who awarded as Miss Friendship in Miss International history. Margaret Frances Glover (Miss International Guam 1967) is the only one Miss Guam who placed as the Top 15 at the Miss International pageant. Since 2010 the second title of Miss Guam automatically will compete at the Miss International pageant.

References

External links
 Official website

Guam
Beauty pageants in Guam
Guamanian awards


Joanna is a 1968 British drama film, directed by Michael Sarne and set in swinging London. It was nominated for the  Golden Globe for Best Foreign Language Film.

Plot
Joanna, a wide-eyed, naïve art student in London, has a romantic fling with her teacher, aspiring painter Hendrik Casson. She eventually leaves him for impoverished Dominic while her gold-digging friend Beryl takes up with the quite wealthy Lord Sanderson.

They travel to Sanderson's second home in Morocco, where he reveals that he has a terminal illness and sponsors an exhibit of Hendrik's paintings. Meanwhile, Dominic dumps Joanna because she refuses to stop seeing other men.

Joanna's next lover, Beryl's brother Gordon, impregnates her. Beaten by criminals to whom he is in debt, Gordon takes revenge by killing one. He is convicted of murder and sent to prison, leaving Joanna alone with their expected child

Cast
 Geneviève Waïte as Joanna
 Christian Doermer as Hendrik Casson
 Calvin Lockhart as Gordon
 Donald Sutherland as Lord Peter Sanderson
 Glenna Forster-Jones as Beryl
 David Scheur as Dominic Endersley
 Marda Vanne as Granny
 Geoffrey Morris as The Father
 Michelle Cook as Margot
 Manning Wilson as Inspector
 Clifton Jones as Black Detective
 Dan Caulfield as White Detective
 Michael Chow as Lefty
 Anthony Ainley as Bruce
 Jane Bradbury as Angela
 Fiona Lewis as Miranda De Hyde
 Michael Sarne as Film Director
 Caroline Munro, uncredited

Production notes
 Sarne had an affair with Waïte during the making of the film and was physically violent towards her during the shoot. In a 1968 interview with New York magazine, he said that hitting Waïte was "the only way to direct this girl, otherwise she's very cheeky. She has to be shown. I mean she knew that unless she behaved herself she'd get slapped down. One is polite to girls so long as they behave themselves". He continued saying he "didn't punch her around as corrective punishment. Only when she annoyed me".

 Waïte was paid £2,000 for her work on the film ().

 Candice Bergen filmed a small scene but it was not included in the final cut due to problems with the studio, 20th Century Fox, and Equity, the British actors' union, because Bergen did not have work permit.

 In a 1968 article in The Illustrated London News about film financing in the United Kingdom, Robert Lacey highlighted Joanna as an example of a British film that should have received financing from British rather than American companies. Sarne said that "With an American company you're artistically free … To make a good film you need a touch of the romantic, a streak of the visionary, and you can't have that with your financier tripping over your heels all the time".

Release

Premiere
It was listed to compete at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival. The festival was cancelled due to the events of May 1968 in France. The film was still shown in an afternoon performance and a premier showing at Cannes.

Box office
According to Fox records, the film required $3,800,000 in rentals to break even, and by 11 December 1970 had made $1,900,000.

References

External links

British Film Institute; Joanna (1968)
 Glenna Forster-Jones in vintage Euro tv commercial

1968 films
1968 drama films
British drama films
Films directed by Michael Sarne
Films produced by Michael Laughlin
Films set in London
Films set in Morocco
20th Century Fox films
1960s English-language films
1960s British films


Moventas is a Finnish company manufacturing mechanical power transmission equipment and providing after sales service for the renewable energy industry. Moventas is part of the Santasalo Moventas Group, owned by the global industrial engineering firm Clyde Blowers Capital, based in East Kilbride, Scotland.

Moventas' roots are in Valmet Power Transmission and Santasalo Gears. Between 2001 and 2005, the company was a part of Metso Corporation and called Metso Drives.

Moventas gearboxes have been used in wind turbines since the 1980s, and its installed base is some 13,000 units globally. Moventas also works closely with marine tidal turbine OEMs. Moventas provides after sales service to its own as well as third party gearboxes of almost any brand.

Moventas has wind gearbox manufacturing in Finland and assembly facilities in the UK (DB Wind UK) and North America, as well as service centres around the world. Moventas is headquartered in Jyväskylä, Central Finland.

References

Manufacturing companies of Finland


William Axt (April 19, 1888 – February 13, 1959) was an American composer of nearly two hundred film scores.

Life and career
Born in New York City, Axt graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School in The Bronx and studied at the National Conservatory of Music of America. He earned a Doctor of Musical Arts degree from the University of Chicago in 1922. He studied in Berlin under Xaver Scharwenka.

Axt made his American debut as a conductor on December 28, 1910.

He served as an assistant conductor for the Hammerstein Grand Opera Company and was a musical director for the Capitol Theatre in Manhattan before joining the music department at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1929.

Axt retired from the film industry to raise cattle and breed horses in Laytonville, California. He died in Ukiah, California, and had at least one son (Edward).

Selected filmography

 Theodora (1921; with Erno Rapee)
 The Prisoner of Zenda (1922)
 Greed (1924)
 The Big Parade (1925; with David Mendoza)
 Ben-Hur (1925; with David Mendoza)
 The Merry Widow (1925)
 La Bohème (1926)
 Don Juan (1926; with David Mendoza)
 The Scarlet Letter (1926)
 Camille (1927)
 The Student Prince in Old Heidelberg (1927; with David Mendoza)
 Our Dancing Daughters (1928)
 Show People (1928)
 The Trail of '98 (1928)
 White Shadows in the South Seas (1928)
 A Woman of Affairs (1928)
 The Duke Steps Out (1929)
 The Flying Fleet (1929)
 The Kiss (1929)
 The Last of Mrs. Cheyney (1929)
 Madame X (1929)
 Our Modern Maidens (1929)
 Where East Is East (1929)
 A Free Soul (1931)
 Private Lives (1931)
 Susan Lenox (Her Fall and Rise) (1931)
 Faithless (1932)
 Grand Hotel (1932)
 The Mask of Fu Manchu (1932)
 The Washington Masquerade (1932)
 The Wet Parade(1932)
 Broadway to Hollywood (1933)
 Clear All Wires! (1933)
 Dinner at Eight (1933)
 Eskimo (1933)
 Gabriel Over the White House (1933)
 Hell Below (1933)
 Penthouse (1933)
 The Secret of Madame Blanche (1933)
 Sons of the Desert (1933)
 Storm at Daybreak (1933)
 Reunion in Vienna (1933)
 Forsaking All Others (1934)
 Manhattan Melodrama (1934)
 Men in White (1934)
 Operator 13 (1934)
 Sadie McKee (1934)
 The Thin Man (1934)
 Tarzan and His Mate (1934)
 A Wicked Woman (1934)
 You Can't Buy Everything (1934)
 Buried Loot (1935), short
 Rendezvous (1935)
 David Copperfield (1935)
 Libeled Lady (1936)
 Tarzan Escapes (1936)
 We Went to College (1936)
 Beg, Borrow or Steal (1937)
 London by Night (1937)
 Parnell (1937)
 Under Cover of Night (1937)
 Everybody Sing (1938)
 Woman Against Woman (1938)
 Yellow Jack (1938)
 Sergeant Madden (1939)
 Tarzan Finds a Son! (1939)
 Tell No Tales (1939)
 Untamed (1940)
 Little Nellie Kelly (1940)
 Tarzan's Secret Treasure (1941)
 Madame Curie (1943)

References

External links

American film score composers
American male film score composers
American male conductors (music)
Composers from New York City
1888 births
1959 deaths
DeWitt Clinton High School alumni
University of Chicago alumni
People from Laytonville, California
Classical musicians from New York (state)
20th-century American conductors (music)
20th-century American male musicians


Hypothalamic disease is a disorder presenting primarily in the hypothalamus, which may be caused by damage resulting from malnutrition, including anorexia and bulimia eating disorders, genetic disorders, radiation, surgery, head trauma, lesion, tumour or other physical injury to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the control center for several endocrine functions. Endocrine systems controlled by the hypothalamus are regulated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), corticotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, oxytocin, all of which are secreted by the hypothalamus. Damage to the hypothalamus may impact any of these hormones and the related endocrine systems. Many of these hypothalamic hormones act on the pituitary gland. Hypothalamic disease therefore affects the functioning of the pituitary and the target organs controlled by the pituitary, including the adrenal glands, ovaries and testes, and the thyroid gland.

Numerous dysfunctions manifest as a result of hypothalamic disease. Damage to the hypothalamus may cause disruptions in body temperature regulation, growth, weight, sodium and water balance, milk production, emotions, and sleep cycles. Hypopituitarism, neurogenic diabetes insipidus, tertiary hypothyroidism, and developmental disorders are examples of precipitating conditions caused by hypothalamic disease.

Hypopituitarism
The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are tightly integrated. Damage to the hypothalamus will impact the responsiveness and normal functioning of the pituitary. Hypothalamic disease may cause insufficient or inhibited signalling to the pituitary leading to deficiencies of one or more of the following hormones: thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, beta-endorphin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and melanocyte–stimulating hormones. Treatment for hypopituitarism involves hormone replacement therapy.

Neurogenic diabetes insipidus
Neurogenic diabetes insipidus may occur due to low levels of ADH production from the hypothalamus. Insufficient levels of ADH result in increased thirst and urine output, and prolonged excessive urine excretion increases the risk of dehydration.

Tertiary hypothyroidism
The thyroid gland is an auxiliary organ to the hypothalamus-pituitary system. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) produced by the hypothalamus signals to the pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which then stimulates the thyroid to secrete T4 and T3 thyroid hormones. Secondary hypothyroidism occurs when TSH secretion from the pituitary is impaired, whereas tertiary hypothyroidism is the deficiency or inhibition of TRH.

Thyroid hormones are responsible for metabolic activity. Insufficient production of the thyroid hormones result in suppressed metabolic activity and weight gain.  Hypothalamic disease may therefore have implications for obesity.

Developmental disorders
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is another releasing factor secreted by the hypothalamus. GHRH stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete growth hormone (GH), which has various effects on body growth and sexual development. Insufficient GH production may cause poor somatic growth, precocious puberty or gonadotropin deficiency, failure to initiate or complete puberty, and is often associated with rapid weight gain, low T4, and low levels of sex hormones.

Sleep disorders
Non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome, a disabling condition in which one's sleep/wake cycle is longer, or rarely, shorter, than the standard 24 hours, is thought to involve or be caused by, at least in some cases, an abnormal functioning of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus.

References

External links

Hypothalamus disorders


Canadian Pacific  is a 1949 American historical Western film, directed by Edwin L. Marin and starring Randolph Scott and Jane Wyatt. Filmed in Cinecolor on location in the Canadian Rockies in Banff National Park, Morley Indian Reserve in Alberta, and Yoho National Park in British Columbia, it is a story about the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway.

Plot
Tom Andrews is a surveyor involved in the building of the titular Canadian railroad, which is stalled by the Rocky Mountains. While he maps a route through the mountains, Andrews is shot at by Dirk Rourke, a fur trader, and his accomplice, Cagle. When Andrews returns to the construction camp, he sees Cagle working there and attacks him. Dr Edith Cabot intervenes as she is a pacifist and disapproves of violence.

Andrews heads for Calgary to see his girlfriend, Cecille Gautier. Andrews and Cecille's father attend a meeting at which Rourke campaigns against the railway by claiming that it will mean the end of trade in the area. Andrews tries to convince the crowd that the railway will benefit them and that Rourke objects only because it will end his business monopoly. He and Rourke get into a fist fight, which is broken up by Père Lacombe. To keep the peace and because Cecille's father sides with Rourke, Andrews decides to return to work on the railway. Cecille does not understand and is upset at his intention to spend another year away, and so she breaks their engagement.

At the camp, Dynamite Dawson tells Andrews of his suspicion that Indians have been stealing dynamite. Andrews later finds several cases of dynamite buried at an Indian village. The chief says that young braves had been paid by a white man to steal them. Back at the camp, Cagle and Rourke shoot at one of the cases as Andrews unloads them. Andrews is seriously injured in the resulting explosion. On board a train back to the base hospital, Dr Cabot transfuses her own blood to save Andrews's life.

Meanwhile, back at the ranch, Cecille overhears Rourke, her father, and others plotting to stop the railway by inciting the Indians to cause trouble. When she objects, her father threatens to disown her. Suspecting Rourke of having caused the explosion that injured Andrews, she decides to join him at the hospital but is dissuaded by Dynamite, who persuades her to return home to gather evidence and to pass it on to him.

Saboteurs cause a series of explosions, which closes down railway construction for the winter. By the spring, Andrews has recovered and wooed Edith. Hearing of trouble at the camp, Andrews prepares to return, but Edith persuades him not to wear a gun. Rourke has stirred up the Indians and established a saloon and gambling hall at the camp. When a man is shot at the saloon, Edith goes to help but is too late. Andrews straps on his guns again and closes the saloon.

Cecille arrives and announces that Rourke and the Indians are about to attack. Dynamite rides off to get reinforcements while the others take refuge in the hospital car.

Cecille's injured father is brought in and tells them that they are considerably outnumbered. Andrews goes after Rourke and Cagle and, as the Indians prepare for a final battle, shoots Cagle. Rourke is killed by a falling branch from a tree, which had been set on fire as a signal to the Indians. Although the Indians attack, they are driven off by reinforcements, which arrive by train at the last moment. Later, the Indian chief walks into the camp and sues for peace.

Dismayed by the violence that she has experienced in the west, Edith boards a train for the east. Cecille looks on as Andrews boards the train as it moves off, but after saying goodbye to Edith, he jumps off and returns to her. Andrews and Cecile spend their honeymoon camping at Cecille's favorite lake, Lake Louise.

Cast
 Randolph Scott as Tom Andrews
 Jane Wyatt as Dr. Edith Cabot
 J. Carrol Naish as Dynamite Dawson
 Victor Jory as Dirk Rourke
 Nancy Olson as Cecille Gautier
 Robert Barrat as Cornelius Van Horne
 Walter Sande as Mike Brannigan
 Grandon Rhodes as Dr. Mason
 Don Haggerty as Cagle
 John Parrish as Mr. Gautier
 Mary Kent as Mrs. Gautier
 John Hamilton as Pere Lacombe
 Howard Negley as Mallis
 Dick Wessel as Bailey

References

External links

1949 films
1949 Western (genre) films
20th Century Fox films
American Western (genre) films
Cinecolor films
1940s English-language films
Films scored by Dimitri Tiomkin
Films directed by Edwin L. Marin
Films set in the 1880s
Rail transport films
Northern (genre) films
Films adapted into comics
Films shot in Alberta
Films shot in British Columbia
1940s American films


The Super Meteor was a British motorcycle made by Royal Enfield for export to the US between 1952 and 1962, when the Super Meteor was replaced by the 736 cc Royal Enfield Interceptor.

Development
In 1953, the US export market led Royal Enfield to develop a 692 cc, overhead valve twin capable of , which was launched as the Meteor. The engine was basically a modified 500 twin crankcase with 350 single (Bullet) pistons, valves and identical 90mm stroke length. In 1954, the Super Meteor was updated and fitted with a new cast alloy headlight nacelle (casquette) housing the speedometer, ammeter and light switch. During 1955, the dynamo and coil ignition was replaced with a Lucas magdyno. This model was replaced by the Super Meteor in 1956 that sported a brand new frame. Based on the Royal Enfield Meteor Minor 496 cc overhead valve engine, the new model had a strengthened crank and improved clutch. The frame was also strengthened to handle the increased torque. The gearbox was modified so that the gear shift lever was concentric with the kick-starter.  The compression ratio was increased to 7.25:1; it was upgraded with Lucas alternator and Amal Monobloc carburettor. Modified engines, incorporating electric start, were also produced and supplied by the factory for the Berkeley B95 and B105 car models during 1959 and 1960.  The Super Meteor and the sporty Constellation were replaced by the 736 cc Royal Enfield Interceptor in 1962.

Anti-lock braking experiment
In  1958, a Royal Enfield Super Meteor was used by the Transport Research Laboratory to test the Maxaret anti-lock brake on motorcycles.  The Maxaret works by detecting rapid decelerations of the wheel that may cause it to lock and releases and re-applies hydraulic pressure to the brake several times a second, keeping the average braking effort at the maximum that can be used by the road surface and tyre combination. The experiments demonstrated that anti-lock brakes could be of great value on motorcycles, where skidding is involved in a high proportion of accidents. Stopping distances were reduced in almost all the tests, compared with locked wheel braking, but particularly on slippery surfaces, where the improvement could be as much as 30%. Royal Enfield's Technical Director at the time, Tony Wilson-Jones, saw little future in the system and it was not put into production by the company.

References

See also
List of motorcycles of the 1950s
Super Meteor
Motorcycles introduced in the 1950s


As a metaphor, a touchstone refers to any physical or intellectual measure by which the validity or merit of a concept can be tested. It is similar in use to an acid test, litmus test in politics, or, from a negative perspective, a shibboleth where the criterion is considered by some to be out-of-date.
The word was introduced into literary criticism by Matthew Arnold in "Preface to the volume of 1853 poems" (1853) to denote short but distinctive passages, selected from the writings of the greatest poets, which he used to determine the relative value of passages or poems which are compared to them. Arnold proposed this method of evaluation as a corrective for what he called the "fallacious" estimates of poems according to their "historic" importance in the development of literature, or else according to their "personal" appeal to an individual critic.

Origin of the term

A touchstone is a small tablet of dark stone such as fieldstone, slate, or lydite, used for assaying precious metal alloys. It has a finely grained surface on which soft metals leave a visible trace.

In literature
An example in literature is the character of Touchstone in Shakespeare's As You Like It, described as "a wise fool who acts as a kind of guide or point of reference throughout the play, putting everyone, including himself, to the comic test".
Dante's "In la sua volontade è nostra pace" ("In his will is our peace"; Paradiso, III.85)

A touchstone can be a short passage from recognized masters' works used in assessing the relative merit of poetry and literature. This sense of the term was coined by Matthew Arnold in his essay "The Study of Poetry", where he gives Hamlet's dying words to Horatio as an example of a touchstone.

In German politics
In Germany, various interest groups sometimes send questionnaires to the campaigning political parties before federal parliament elections. These questionnaires, consisting of political survey questions the interest groups are interested in, are often called "electoral touchstones" (German: Wahlprüfsteine). Those answers of a political party which might support or threaten the political goals of an interest group are finally published by the group in order to influence the voting behavior of potential voters being in favor of the political views of the interest group.

Notes

Metaphors


Sir Walter Clopton (died 1400) was an English lawyer, and Chief Justice of the King's Bench from 1388 until his death in 1400.

Life
Little is known of his origin and early years, but he was probably from Clapton, near Crewkerne in Somerset. His first appearance in the records is in 1376, as king's serjeant. Later he appears frequently on legal commissions in the South-West throughout the 1370s and 1380s. He served as justice of assize, justice of gaol delivery, commissioner of the peace and commissioner of array. Clopton had close connections with William Montacute, Earl of Salisbury.

On 31 January 1388, Clopton was appointed chief justice. This happened after the execution of Sir Robert Tresilian, who was charged with treason by the baronial faction known as the Lords Appellant. It then fell on Cloptonin what has become known as the Merciless Parliamentto pronounce death sentences on others of Richard II's closest advisers, including the King's former tutor Simon de Burley. Richard nevertheless decidedonce he regained power in Mayto retain Clopton, who had been created knight banneret in April.

In September 1397, the King decided to strike back at the Lords Appellant. Clopton presided when the Earl of Arundel, one of the King's main antagonists, was arraigned on a charge of treason, and executed. The next year he was asked for an opinion on a set of legal rulings that had been pronounced in 1387 on Richard's prompting, and that had contributed to the problems of that period. Clopton pragmatically decided to confer the matter to Parliament, while privately expressing his support for the rulings.

When Henry IV usurped the throne in 1399, Clopton was confirmed in his office. He was involved in the inquiry into the Duke of Gloucester's death in September 1397. John Hall was executed for the murder, which was most likely carried out on King Richard's order.

Clopton died in office, on 21 October 1400, and his post was filled by Sir William Gascoigne.

Family
Clopton had a wife named Edith; the two had no surviving issue. When he died his brother Robert, was named as his heir.

References

14th-century births
1400 deaths
14th-century English judges
Lord chief justices of England and Wales
Knights banneret of England
Serjeants-at-law (England)


Corriere del Mezzogiorno is an Italian local newspaper owned by RCS MediaGroup and based in Naples, Italy, with editorial offices in all over Southern Italy. It was launched in 1997 in Campania to handle the growing competition with la Repubblica. The Apulian edition was launched in 2002.

References

External links

1997 establishments in Italy
Italian-language newspapers
Newspapers published in Naples
Newspapers established in 1997
Daily newspapers published in Italy


Les Gauloises bleues is a 1968 French drama film directed by Michel Cournot. It was listed to compete at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival, but the festival was cancelled due to the events of May 1968 in France.

Cast
 Annie Girardot – La mère
 Jean-Pierre Kalfon – Ivan à 30 ans
 Nella Bielski – Jeanne
 Bruno Cremer – Le père
 Georges Demestre – Ivan à 6 ans
 Anne Wiazemsky – L'infirmière
 Tanya Lopert – La Mort
 Karina Gondy – L'assistante sociale
 Henri Garcin – L'ambulancier rabatteur
 Tsilla Chelton – La directrice
 Liza Braconnier – Infirmière
 Jean Lescot – Un chasseur
 Marcello Pagliero – Le marchand bohémien
 François Périer – Le juge
 José Varela – Le juriste

References

External links

1968 films
1960s French-language films
1968 drama films
Films directed by Michel Cournot
French drama films
1960s French films


Drug-induced purpura is a skin condition that may be related to platelet destruction, vessel fragility, interference with platelet function, or vasculitis.

See also
 Food-induced purpura
 Rumpel-Leede sign
 Skin lesion

References

Vascular-related cutaneous conditions
Drug-induced diseases


What Is There to Say (or more completely, What Is There to Say: Joe Pass Solo Guitar) is a live album by jazz guitarist Joe Pass, recorded in 1990 and released posthumously in 2001.

Track listing
 "Django" (John Lewis) – 5:02
 "Old Folks" (Willard Robison, Dedette Lee Hill) – 4:13
 "I Concentrate on You" (Cole Porter) – 4:04
 "I'll Be Around" (Alec Wilder) – 5:01
 "They Can't Take That Away from Me" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) – 4:02
 "Medley: It's All in the Game/Yesterdays" (Carl Sigman, Charles Dawes, Otto Harbach, Jerome Kern) – 6:29
 "Come Rain or Come Shine" (Harold Arlen, Johnny Mercer) – 4:30
 "On Green Dolphin Street" (Bronisław Kaper, Ned Washington) – 7:01
 "What Is There to Say?" (Vernon Duke, E. Y. "Yip" Harburg) – 6:44
 "Nobody Else But Me" (Oscar Hammerstein II, Jerome Kern) – 5:17
 "Lush Life" (Billy Strayhorn) – 7:15

Personnel
 Joe Pass – guitar

References

Joe Pass live albums
Live albums published posthumously
2001 live albums
Pablo Records live albums


The Rumpel–Leede sign is a distal shower of petechiae that occurs immediately after the release of pressure from a tourniquet or sphygmomanometer.

See also
 Skin lesion

References

Dermatologic signs


Michel Cournot (1 May 1922 – 8 February 2007) was a French journalist, screenwriter and film director. As a writer he was awarded the Fénéon Prize in 1949 for Martinique. His only film as a director, Les Gauloises bleues, was due to be entered at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival, but the festival was cancelled because of the events of May 1968 in France.

He received a Genie Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay at the 10th Genie Awards in 1989, as cowriter with Claude Fournier and Marie-José Raymond of the Canadian television miniseries The Mills of Power (Les Tisserands du pouvoir).

Selected filmography
 Les Gauloises bleues (1968)

References

External links

1922 births
2007 deaths
Writers from Paris
Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni
French film directors
French film critics
French male screenwriters
20th-century French screenwriters
20th-century French journalists
Deaths from cancer in France
Prix des Deux Magots winners
French male non-fiction writers
Prix Fénéon winners
20th-century French male writers


Drivetime is an Irish news and current affairs radio programme broadcast by RTÉ Radio 1 on Mondays to Fridays between 16.30 and 19.00. It attracts approximately 265,000 listeners daily.

The programme is co-presented by journalists Sarah McInerney and Cormac Ó hEadhra. It includes news summaries, sports news, and traffic and weather reports as well as live interviews and reports. Fergal Keane is one of Drivetime'''s principal reporters. Other writers and journalists who contribute to the programme include Joseph O'Connor, Olivia O'Leary, and Fergus Finlay. Special extended editions of Drivetime'' are mounted from time to time to cover such major news stories as general elections and referendums.

See also
 Morning Ireland

References

External links
  RTÉ News Page
  RTÉ Radio Drivetime Page
  RTÉ Radio Drivetime Sport Page

Irish talk radio shows
RTÉ News and Current Affairs
RTÉ Radio 1 programmes


Walter Grabmann (20 September 1905 – 20 August 1992) was a German general in the Luftwaffe during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. Grabmann was credited with 7 aerial victories during the Spanish Civil War claimed in 137 combat missions.

Career
Grabmann joined the Police force in 1924, learning to fly and serving with the Luftpolizei (Air Police), assigned to Flight Surveillance North Bavaria, Fürth. He then enlisted in the Luftwaffe in October 1934, and served as Adjutant, Jagdgeschwader 134 "Horst Wessel" from March 1936.

From September 1938 to March 1939 Major Grabmann was Commander of Jagdgruppe 88 with the German Condor Legion in Spain, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes and early versions of the Messerschmitt Bf 109. He claimed a Polikarpov I-15, I-16 and an SB-2 bomber all shot down on 23 September 1938. Another SB-2 was downed on 10 October 1938, and a I-16 on 15 October. His last claim (an I-15) was on 4 January 1939.

Following his return to Germany, he was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of I.(Zerstörer) Gruppe of Lehrgeschwader 1 (LG 1—1st Demonstration Wing) on 1 April 1939, succeeding Hauptmann Axel von Blomberg in this capacity. At the time, the unit was based at Barth and had just been equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 110 heavy fighter, the first Luftwaffe unit to receive this aircraft.

In July 1939 he served with V.(Z)/LG 1. Whilst providing cover for the Heinkel H 111Ps of II./Kampfgeschwader 1, LG 1 encountered Polish PZL P.11s of the Brygada Pościgowa over Warsaw on the evening of 1 September 1939. Major Grabmann was wounded in this encounter when his Bf 110 was hit by fire from a Polish PZL P.11 fighter.

On 15 April 1940 Grabman became CO of Zerstörergeschwader 76. On 18 May 1940 Royal Air Force Hawker Hurricanes shot down 3 Bf 110Cs of ZG 76, including Grabmann, while flying a low-level attack on Douai airfield. He parachuted to safety (his gunner Fw. Krone was killed) and was captured by French troops. Grabmann was rescued six days later by an advancing German panzer column.

He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 14 September 1940. Oberstlt. Grabmann was credited with a further 6 victories during World War II — 1 during the Battle of France and 5 in the Battle of Britain — claimed in about 110 combat missions.

In August 1941 Grabmann commanded Zerstörerschule 2 in Memmingen, and in August 1942 was appointed Fighter Leader for the Holland area (Jafü Holland). During this time Grabmann flew a Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-5, (Werknummer 410054—factory number) "X" as his personal mount. In November 1943 Grabmann became Commander, 3. Jagddivision and then 1. Jagddivision in April 1945.

General Major Grabmann was taken prisoner at the end of the war, and repatriated to Germany in May 1948.
He died in Munich on 20 August 1992.

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims
According to Obermaier, Grabmann was credited with 13 aerial victories, seven in the Spanish Civil War and six on the Western Front of World War II, claimed in approximately 250 combat missions, 137 of which in Spain. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found documentation for 13 aerial victory claims. This number of confirmed claims includes seven claims during the Spanish Civil War and six over the Western Allies.

Awards
 Spanish Cross in Gold with Swords (14 April 1939)
 Spanish Medalla de la Campaña
 Spanish Medalla Militar
 Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe (8 July 1940)
 Iron Cross 2nd and 1st Class
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (14 September 1940) as Oberstleutnant and Geschwaderkommodore of Zerstörergeschwader 76

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

1905 births
1992 deaths
Condor Legion personnel
Spanish Civil War flying aces
German World War II flying aces
Luftwaffe World War II generals
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
People from Bad Reichenhall
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom
Military personnel from the Kingdom of Bavaria
Major generals of the Luftwaffe
Military personnel from Bavaria


Brad Krevoy is a film producer, entrepreneur, and founder and chairman/CEO of the Motion Picture Corporation of America. Over his 30-year career, Krevoy has been involved in the production and distribution of more than 150 film and television projects, most notably Dumb and Dumber, and Christmas-themed entertainment including the A Christmas Prince trilogy and The Princess Switch.

Early life and education

Krevoy graduated from Beverly Hills High School. He went on to study at Stanford University, graduating in 1978 with a BA in Political Science. He then went on to study at UC Hastings, College of the Law. After graduation, he served as a Legislative Fellow in the California State Legislature and worked as an entertainment attorney at a prominent Los Angeles law firm.

Early career and work with Roger Corman (1983–1986)

Krevoy's major entry into the film industry came from a chance encounter with Roger Corman at a Stanford football game in 1983. Krevoy worked for Corman's Concorde-New Horizon pictures, handling the business affairs; Concorde quickly becoming one of the largest suppliers of VHS tapes, having deals in place with every major distributor in the world.

MPCA (1986–1996)

In 1986, Krevoy and his longtime business partner Steve Stabler co-founded Motion Picture Corporation of America (MPCA) to focus on producing, acquiring, and distributing commercial film and television productions.

During the company's formative years, they produced cult favorites including The Purple People Eater (1988) with Ned Beatty; Back to Back (1989), starring Bill Paxton and Apollonia; and the sex comedy Miracle Beach (1992).

Dumb and Dumber

Krevoy and Stabler released the blockbuster comedy Dumb and Dumber in 1994. The script had been around for nearly seven years and had been rejected by every major studio; MPCA's support let the writers, Bobby and Peter Farrelly, direct their own film and attach Jim Carrey to star.

Dumb and Dumber broke box office comedy records, opening and remaining at number one on the U.S. box office for four straight weeks over the holiday season. The film went on to gross $127 million domestically and $120 million overseas for a worldwide total of $247 million off of a $16 million budget.

Krevoy and MPCA went on to produce more big-budget studio comedies, including Beverly Hills Ninja starring Chris Farley and Jungle 2 Jungle with Tim Allen. They also produced Threesome, starring Lara Flynn Boyle and Stephen Baldwin. The film was one of the most successful independent arthouse films of the year, grossing just under $15 million domestically.

First-look deals

Starting in November 1995, until they were acquired by Metromedia International Group in 1996, Krevoy and MPCA had a first-look producing deal with Paramount Studios. Krevoy and MPCA also signed a first-look deal with Sony Pictures in the late 90s, where they produced more than 10 movies.

Co-president of Orion Pictures (1996–1998)

In 1996, MPCA was purchased by John Kluge's Metromedia International Group. Metromedia had just purchased the independent production company Orion Pictures from chapter 11 bankruptcy. When MPCA was merged into the company, Krevoy and Stabler took over as the Co-President's of Orion Pictures and were given a six-picture deal.

At Orion, Krevoy oversaw the production, acquisition, and distribution of Orion's motion picture and television programming. He produced films for Academy Award-winner Tom Schulman (Dead Poets Society) and released films such as 1997's Academy Award and Golden Globe nominee for Best Foreign Language Film, Prisoner of the Mountains (directed by Sergei Bodrov), and the acclaimed Ulee's Gold (directed by Victor Nunez and presented by Jonathan Demme). Ulee’s Gold was a critical hit and won its leading actor, Peter Fonda, his first and only Golden Globe for best actor. Fonda also received his first and only Oscar nomination for best actor.

After two years of revitalizing Orion Pictures, Metromedia went on to sell Orion to MGM. Krevoy was able to take the MPCA name back as part of his original deal.

Restarting MPCA (1998–2014)

In 1998, Krevoy returned to his independent filmmaking roots and restarted MPCA with a distribution deal through MGM.

Since rebooting MPCA, Krevoy has produced a wide array of motion pictures including: boxing drama Joe and Max (which collected both ESPN and ACE award nominations); the 2002 Sundance premiere Bookies; and Boat Trip for Artisan/Lionsgate.

In 2004 Krevoy produced the drama, A Love Song for Bobby Long, starring John Travolta and Scarlett Johansson. The film was well received by audiences and critics, earning Scarlett Johansson a Golden Globe nomination.

After the credit crunch hit in 2008, Krevoy found new investors and ramped up production. He built a strong international sales team and began assembling an eclectic slate of programming.

Krevoy produced the 2009 war drama Taking Chance, based on the true experiences of Lt. Colonel Michael Strobl, who wrote about his time in the widely circulated article “Taking Chance Home". The film was directed by Ross Katz and starred Kevin Bacon. It was shown at the Sundance Film Festival before premiering on HBO. Taking Chance received a total of 27 award nominations and 6 wins, also winning the Humanitas Prize.

Krevoy and MPCA produced a string of straight-to-DVD action movies. These included Linewatch (2008); Hardwired (2009), which also starred Val Kilmer; Ticking Clock (2011); and One in the Chamber (2012), featuring Dolph Lundgren. They produced two movies with Samuel L. Jackson: Arena (2011); and Meeting Evil (2012). During this time MPCA also made two movies with Jean-Claude Van Damme – Assassination Games (2011); and Six Bullets (2012).

In 2011, Krevoy produced Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2 for Disney, a sequel to the 2008 hit comedy. Most of the original cast returned and the film did well in the home video market with sales of over $30 million.

In 2014, Krevoy and Stabler were executive producers on Dumb and Dumber To, taking place 20 years after the events of the first film. Jeff Daniels and Jim Carrey reprised their roles and the film was released on November 14, 2014. It opened at number one in the U.S. box office, and went on to earn $169 million worldwide.

Christmas and family movies (2013–present)

Since 2013, Krevoy and MPCA have produced more than 40 original Christmas and family movies for select broadcasters, including Netflix and The Hallmark Channel.

With Netflix

Krevoy and MPCA's first production for Netflix, A Christmas Prince, starring Rose McIver, Ben Lamb and Alice Krige, was released on November 17, 2017. In 2018, MPCA produced The Princess Switch, starring Vanessa Hudgens and Sam Palladio.

MPCA’s other recent Netflix holiday movies include Holiday in the Wild, starring Rob Lowe and Kristin Davis; The Knight Before Christmas, starring Vanessa Hudgens and Josh Whitehouse; The Holiday Calendar, starring Kat Graham, Quincy Brown, and Ron Cephas Jones; and Christmas Inheritance, starring Eliza Taylor and Jake Lacy.

With Hallmark

Krevoy and MPCA have produced over 30 original movies for Hallmark and Hallmark Movies & Mysteries, including several film franchises. A few of these include all five entries in the popular Murder, She Baked series based on the book series by Joanne Fluke, all three of the Flower Shop Mystery series of films, based on the book series by Kate Collins, four films in the Darrow & Darrow series from writer Phoef Sutton, and three installments of The Crossword Mysteries, which were produced in collaboration with NY Times Crossword editor Will Shortz.

Krevoy is an executive producer of the Hallmark Channel show When Calls the Heart. The series is adapted from the bestselling Canadian West series of books by Janette Oke. The show has been hugely successful in the ratings, including high numbers for the Christmas specials. The show is currently airing its seventh season, making it the longest-running original series on Hallmark. In August 2019, a spin-off show titled When Hope Calls launched with Hallmark’s new streaming service, Hallmark Movies Now.

With GAC Family
In 2021, Krevoy began a partnership with the newly rebranded network GAC Family, run by former Hallmark Channel CEO Bill Abbott. MPCA producing twelve Christmas films for their first holiday season, starring Cameron Mathison, Maggie Lawson, Chad Michael Murray, Jill Wagner, Jen Lilley, and Becca Tobin. When Hope Calls also premiered a second season, moving over from Hallmark, and bringing with it When Calls the Heart veteran Lori Loughlin.

2022 saw the release of two romantic comedies for GAC Family, The Winter Palace starring Danica McKellar, and Harmony from the Heart, starring Jessica Lowndes and Jesse Metcalfe. Harmony from the Heart was also produced and written by Lowndes.

Other Holiday Films
Krevoy and MPCA also began producing Christmas films for CBS and Peacock in 2021. For CBS, they made A Christmas Proposal, starring Adam Rodriguez and Jessica Camacho, as well as Christmas Takes Flight, starring Katie Lowes and Evan Williams. And Peacock got into the Christmas game with The Housewives of the North Pole, starring Real Housewives alum Kyle Richards and Betsy Brandt.

Other ventures

In 1999 Krevoy teamed with exhibition veterans Ron Leslie (Former president of AMC theatres) and Peter Fornstam, as well as real estate attorney Richard Lawrence, to form Resort Theatres of America. By March 1999, the company had acquired all of Metropolitan Theatre Corp.’s Palm screen locations for a total of 85 screens.

In 1999, they purchased and renovated the historic Isis Theatre in Aspen, Co.

Personal life

Brad married his wife Susie in 1996. They live in Santa Monica with their three daughters and two dogs.

Filmography

Film

As a producer

As a production manager

As an actor

Television

As a producer

As a production manager

Miscellaneous crew

 Dumb and Dumber (1995−1996) – Creative consultant

References

External links

Official website of MPCA Film

American film producers
Living people
Beverly Hills High School alumni
Stanford University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)


Leon Ko Sai-tseung () is a composer for musical theatre and films. He won a Richard Rodgers Development Award, a Golden Horse Award and numerous musical awards. His mother, Lucilla You Min (尤敏), was a famous actress in post-war Hong Kong Mandarin cinema and won "Best Actress" at the 1st Annual Golden Horse Awards and two consecutive Asian Film Festivals. His grandfather, Bak Yuk Tong (白玉堂), was a famous Cantonese opera artist, known as one of the Four Super Stars (四大天王).

Personal life
Ko received a master’s in Musical Theatre Writing at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. His musical Heading East, with book and lyrics by Robert Lee, won the 2001 Richard Rodgers Development Award and was restaged in New York in 2010 in the form of a concert presentation. His works have been performed at Carnegie Hall, as well as on Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), where he wrote songs for the children series The Puzzle Place.

Career
Ko won ten Best Score awards for his Cantonese musicals The Good Person of Szechwan (四川好人), The Legend of the White Snake (白蛇新傳), Field of Dreams (頂頭鎚), The Passage Beyond (一屋寶貝), Sing Out (奮青樂與路), The Woman in Kenzo (穿Kenzo的女人) and The Impossible Trial (大狀王) as well as his a cappella theatre piece Our Immortal Cantata (大殉情) in the 2003, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2017, 2018, 2022 and 2023 Hong Kong Drama Awards. For the movie Perhaps Love (如果·愛), he received a Golden Horse Award for Best Original Film Song, a CASH Golden Sail Music Award for Best Alternative Composition as well as a Hong Kong Film Award, an Asia-Pacific Film Festival Award and a Golden Bauhinia Award for Best Film Score. In 2013, he received a Hong Kong Film Award for Best Original Film Song for the movie The Last Tycoon (大上海). He was nominated for a Golden Horse Award and a Hong Kong Film Award in 2008 for the movie The Warlords (投名狀).

He was the musical director of Hong Kong pop legend Jacky Cheung’s 2004 musical revival world tour of Snow.Wolf.Lake (雪狼湖).  He worked with Jacky again on The Year of Jacky Cheung World Tour 07, penning a 30-minute musical for the concert. In 2009, he wrote an opening number and a mini-musical finale for Liza Wang's musical Liza the Diva (真係阿姐─汪明荃).

He also took part in the revitalisation of Cantonese opera. In 2006, he wrote a new opening song and incidental music for Princess Changping (帝女花) presented by Yam Kim Fai & Pak Suet Sin Charitable Foundation (任白慈善基金) and performed by Chor Fung Ming Troupe (雛鳳鳴劇團). In 2012, he wrote an opening number for Dream of the Red Chamber (紅樓夢) performed by Connie Chan and Jian Wen Duan. In 2014, he wrote incidental music for Reincarnation of the Red Plum Blossoms (再世紅梅記) presented by Yam Pak Foundation. In 2017, he wrote a new opening song and incidental music for Shade of Butterfly and Red Pear Blossom (蝶影紅梨記) presented by Yam Pak Foundation.

Other works include the scores to:
the movies Monster Hunt 2 (捉妖記2), Shed Skin Papa (脫皮爸爸), Monster Hunt (捉妖記), Insanity (暴瘋語), Dearest (親愛的), That Demon Within (魔警), The Great Magician (大魔術師) and Mr. Cinema (老港正傳);
the stage musicals Sing High (我要高8度) for Macao Cultural Centre’s 15th Anniversary celebrations and Angel Falls (夢傳說) for Hong Kong Dance;
the stage plays Tonnochy (杜老誌) for Emperor Entertainment and Cross-mopolitan (咖喱盆菜釀薯條) for Chung Ying Theatre;
the transcultural music theatre The Liaisons (情話紫釵) for the 2010 Hong Kong Arts Festival and Hong Kong's participation in Expo 2010 Shanghai; and
the stage adaptation of the movie Please Don't Eat the Daisies for the New York stage.
In 2011, his first London musical Takeaway (also the first major British Chinese musical) premiered at Theatre Royal Stratford East.

Ko has also performed in public himself. In 2009, he orchestrated and performed a medley of five songs from some of his own musicals/plays at the 2009 Hong Kong Drama Awards in celebration of the 25th Anniversary of the Hong Kong Federation of Drama Societies. Later that year, he orchestrated and performed a medley of two songs (one of which was tailor-made for the poem Looking up at the Starry Sky (仰望星空) written by the PRC Premier Wen Jiabao) at the Cultural Show in Celebration of the 60th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China (香港同胞慶祝中華人民共和國成立六十週年文藝晚會) together with Jacky Cheung, Yao Jue and Yang Peiyi. Since 2010, he has co-hosted The Shaw Prize Award Presentation Ceremony with Dodo Cheng. In 2018, he staged a concert titled "The Amazing Filmphony" with the Hong Kong Sinfonietta. The concert consisted of his film scores and songs, of which he sang three of them on stage.

Aside from music, Ko held an antique perfume bottle exhibition entitled Time in a Bottle (尋香記) at IFC Mall in 2012. To give the exhibition a theatrical context, he divided it into 13 "scenes" using his collection of perfume bottles to tell the story of a search for true love.

Ko was a council member of the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts from 2015 to 2021 and was a council member of Hong Kong Arts Development Council from 2011 to 2016.

References

External links

Leon Ko official website
Chinese Hell - Website of Robert Lee *Leon Ko
Heading East - A Musical

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Male film score composers
Male musical theatre composers
Tisch School of the Arts alumni


Solar purpura (also known as "Actinic purpura," and "Senile purpura") is a skin condition characterized by large, sharply outlined, 1- to 5-cm, dark purplish-red ecchymoses appearing on the dorsa of the forearms and less often the hands.

The condition is most common in elderly people of European descent. It is caused by sun-induced damage to the connective tissue of the skin.

No treatment is necessary. The lesions typically fade over a period of up to three weeks.

See also
 List of cutaneous conditions

References

External links

Vascular-related cutaneous conditions


The 131st Armored Division "Centauro" () was an armored division of the Italian Army during World War II. The division was formed in April 1939 by expanding the I Armored Brigade (). The division's name came from the mythological race of half human-half horse creatures named Centaurs. The division participated in the invasion of Albania, Greco-Italian War, and invasion of Yugoslavia. In August 1942 the division was sent to Libya to participate in the Western Desert Campaign. After the Axis defeat at the Second Battle of El Alamein the division retreated with the German-Italian Panzer Army to Tunisia, where the division participated in the Tunisian Campaign. On 18 April 1943 the division was disbanded due to the losses suffered in the Battle of El Guettar.

History
On 1 June 1936 the I Motor-mechanized Brigade was formed in Siena, which consisted of the 5th Bersaglieri Regiment and other minor units. On 15 July 1937 the 31st Tank Infantry Regiment was formed in Siena and assigned to the brigade. On the same date the brigade was renamed I Armored Brigade. On 20 April 1939 the 131st Armored Artillery Regiment was formed in Cremona and assigned to the brigade, which on that date was renamed 131st Armored Division "Centauro".

World War II

Greco-Italian War
In April 1939 Italy invaded Albania and formed the Italian protectorate of Albania. In summer 1939 the division moved to Tirana. On 28 October 1940 the division participated in the Italian attack on Greece with started the Greco-Italian War. The main body of the division advanced towards Kalpaki in Epirus but Greek resistance stopped the division before reaching its goals. On 23 November 1940 the Greek launched an offensive, which drove the Italian units back into Albania. The Centauro unsuccessfully tried to stop the Greek advance at the Battle of Klisura Pass and then in Tepelenë. Due to the heavy losses the division was taken out of the line on 4 February 1941 to be rebuilt. The 31st Tank Infantry Regiment was reinforced with the IV Tank Battalion "M" from the 32nd Tank Infantry Regiment, while the 5th Bersaglieri Regiment was replaced by the 1st Bersaglieri Regiment.

Invasion of Yugoslavia
In late March 1940 the division moved in preparation for the Invasion of Yugoslavia to Shkodër in northern Albania. After the war's start on 6 April 1940 the Centauro together with the 18th Infantry Division "Messina" and 32nd Infantry Division "Marche" defeated a Yugoslav attack towards Shkodër. On 16 April 1940 the division crossed into Yugoslavia north of Koplik and advanced to Kotor, Cetinje and Podgorica. On 17 April the Centauro reached Trebinje, where it met up with units of the 133rd Armored Division "Littorio", which had advanced southward from Istria. On 11 May 1941 the division began the return transfer to its bases in Tuscany. On 31 July 1941 the 5th Bersaglieri Regiment returned to the division and relieved the 1st Bersaglieri Regiment.

North Africa
Due to the experience of fighting in the Western Desert Italian armored Divisions were re-organized in 1942 and consisted on paper of three tank and three infantry battalions, a large artillery regiment, two battalions of self-propelled guns, one anti-aircraft battalion, one reconnaissance grouping, and a mixed engineer battalions. In October 1942 the Centauro was transferred to Libya. The division did not participate in the Second Battle of El Alamein and the first units of the division arrived at the front during the retreat from Egypt in late 1942.

On 13 December 1942 the units of the division already in Libya and the Tactical Group "Ariete" forced the British 7th Armoured Division to retreat during the Battle of El Agheila. The division retreated with Axis forces from Libya to Tunisia, where the division ceded part of its units to the L Special Brigade and part of its materiel to other divisions. During the Battle of the Kasserine Pass troops of the Centauro overran the part of the US forces defending Highway 13.

The division participated in the Battle of El Guettar, where it was severely decimated. From 7 April 1943 the division's remaining personnel and equipment were assigned to the 16th Infantry Division "Pistoia". On 18 April 1943 the Centauro was declared lost due to wartime events.

136th Armored Legionary Division "Centauro"

On 15 August 1943 the Royal Italian Army activated the 136th Armored Legionary Division "Centauro", which continued the tradition of the 131st Armored Division "Centauro". After the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943 the 136th Armored Legionary Division "Centauro" was disbanded by the invading Germans on 12 September 1943.

Post War
On 1 April 1951 the Italian Army raised the Armored Brigade "Centauro" in Verona, which on 1 November 1959 was expanded to Armored Division "Centauro".

Organization

Organization in Italy
  131st Armored Division "Centauro"
 5th Bersaglieri Regiment
 Command Company
 XIV Auto-transported Bersaglieri Battalion
 XXII Bersaglieri Motorcyclists Battalion (reorganized as XXII Bersaglieri Support Weapons Battalion in September 1941)
 XXIV Auto-transported Bersaglieri Battalion (joined the regiment in 1940)
 5th Anti-tank Company (47/32 anti-tank guns; entered the XXII Bersaglieri Support Weapons Battalion in September 1941)
 5th Bersaglieri Motorcyclists (formed in September 1941)
 31st Tank Infantry Regiment
 Command Company
 I Tank Battalion "L" (L3/35 tankettes; disbanded in October 1941)
 II Tank Battalion "L" (L3/35 tankettes; disbanded in October 1941)
 III Tank Battalion "L" (L3/35 tankettes; disbanded in September 1941 to form the LI Tank Battalion "M")
 IV Tank Battalion "L" (L3/35 tankettes; disbanded in September 1941 to form the LI Tank Battalion "M")
 IV Tank Battalion "M" (M13/40 tanks; arrived from the 32nd Tank Infantry Regiment in February 1941; transferred to the 133rd Tank Infantry Regiment in February 1942)
 XII Tank Battalion "M" (M14/41 tanks; arrived from the 32nd Tank Infantry Regiment in October 1941; transferred to the 133rd Tank Infantry Regiment in November 1941)
 XIII Tank Battalion "M" (M13/40 tanks; arrived from the 32nd Tank Infantry Regiment in October 1941; transferred to the 132nd Tank Infantry Regiment in summer 1942)
 XIV Tank Battalion "M" (M14/41 tanks, joined the regiment in spring 1942)
 XV Tank Battalion "M" (M14/41 tanks, joined the regiment in spring 1942)
 XVII Tank Battalion "M" (M14/41 tanks, joined the regiment in spring 1942)
 LI Tank Battalion "M" (M14/41 tanks; formed in September 1941; transferred to the 133rd Tank Infantry Regiment in February 1942)
 131st Tank Infantry Regiment (Assigned to the division from 27 July 1941 to 2 January 1942)
 Command Company
 CI Tank Battalion "R35" (captured French Renault R35 light tanks)
 CII Tank Battalion "R35" (captured French R35 light tanks)
 CC Tank Battalion "S35" (captured French SOMUA S35 tanks)
 131st Motorized Artillery Regiment "Centauro"
 Command Unit
 I Group (75/27 field guns)
 II Group (75/27 field guns)
 2x Anti-aircraft batteries (20/65 Mod. 35 anti-aircraft guns)
 Ammunition and Supply Unit
 131st Anti-tank Company (47/32 anti-tank guns)
 141st Anti-tank Company (47/32 anti-tank guns; transferred to the 9th Infantry Division "Pasubio" for the deployment in the Soviet Union)
 131st Mixed Engineer Company
 131st Medical Section
 131st Supply Section
 131st Transport Section
 106th Carabinieri Section
 131st Field Post Office

Organization in North Africa
  131st Armored Division "Centauro"
 Armored Reconnaissance Grouping "Cavalleggeri di Lodi"
 Command Squadron
 I Squadrons Group (AB 41 armored cars and L6/40 tanks; transferred to the L Special Brigade)
 II Squadrons Group (47/32 L40 self-propelled guns and 20/65 Mod. 35 anti-aircraft guns)
 5th Bersaglieri Regiment
 Command Company
 XIV Auto-transported Bersaglieri Battalion
 XXII Bersaglieri Support Weapons Battalion
 XXIV Auto-transported Bersaglieri Battalion
 5th Bersaglieri Motorcyclists Company
 31st Tank Infantry Regiment
 Command Company
 XIV Tank Battalion "M" (M14/41 tanks)
 XV Tank Battalion "M" (M14/41 tanks; transferred to the L Special Brigade)
 XVII Tank Battalion "M" (M14/41 tanks)
 131st Motorized Artillery Regiment "Centauro"
 Command Battery
 I Group (100/17 howitzers
 II Group (75/27 howitzers)
 III Group (75/27 howitzers)
 DI Anti-aircraft Artillery Group
 2x Anti-aircraft/Anti-tank batteries (90/53 anti-aircraft guns mounted on Breda 51 trucks)
 2x Anti-aircraft batteries (20/65 Mod. 35 anti-aircraft guns)
 132nd Anti-tank Regiment (joined the division in 1943)
 Command Company
 I Anti-tank Battalion "Ariete" (47/32 anti-tank guns; formed with survivors of the 132nd Armored Division "Ariete")
 II Anti-tank Battalion "Littorio" (47/3 anti-tank guns; formed with survivors of the 133rd Armored Division "Littorio")
 III Anti-tank Battalion "Trieste" (47/3 anti-tank guns; formed with survivors of the 101st Motorized Division "Trieste")
 CXXXVI Self-propelled Anti-tank Battalion (47/32 L40 self-propelled guns)
 DLVII Self-propelled Artillery Group (75/18 self-propelled guns; transferred to the L Special Brigade)
 DLIX Self-propelled Artillery Group (75/18 self-propelled guns)
 XXXI Mixed Engineer Battalion
 131st Engineer Company
 231st Connections Company
 131st Medical Section
 131st Supply Section
 131st Transport Section
 106th Carabinieri Section
 131st Field Post Office (replaced in February 1943 by the 212th Field Post Office)

Attached to the division during the Tunisian campaign:
 XVIII Carabinieri Battalion

Commanding officers
The division's commanding officers were:

 Generale di Brigata Giovanni Magli (1939 - 24 December 1940)
 Colonel Mario Giglioni (acting, 25–30 December 1940)
 Generale di Brigata Gioacchino Solinas (acting, 31 December 1940 - 3 February 1941)
 Generale di Brigata Giovanni Magli (4-23 February 1941)
 Generale di Brigata Gavino Pizzolato (24 February 1941 - 28 February 1942)
 Generale di Divisione Giorgio Calvi di Bergolo (1 March 1942 - 18 April 1943)

References

Bibliography

 George F. Nafziger - Italian Order of Battle: An organizational history of the Italian Army in World War II (3 vol)
 John Joseph Timothy Sweet - Iron Arm: The Mechanization of Mussolini's Army, 1920-1940

External links

Divisions of Italy in World War II
Armored divisions of Italy
Military units and formations of Italy in Yugoslavia in World War II
Italian military units and formations of the Greco-Italian War


Growing Up Is Getting Old is the second studio album by American country music artist Jason Michael Carroll. It was released on April 28, 2009 by Arista Nashville. Its lead-off single, "Where I'm From" charted in the Top 40 on the Hot Country Songs chart. The second single from the album was "Hurry Home." As with his first album, Carroll worked with producer Don Gehman.

Content
The first single from Growing Up Is Getting Old is "Where I'm From". This song made its chart debut in late 2008 and has entered Top 20 on the Billboard country singles charts. It is also the first single of his career that Carroll did not co-write, and only three of its songs were co-written by him. "Hurry Home" was released in June as the second single. The album was produced by Don Gehman, who also produced Carroll's debut, Waitin' in the Country.

Carroll and Arista Nashville parted ways in February 2010, the same month in which "Hurry Home" peaked.

Critical reception
Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave the album a two-and-a-half star rating out of five. He said that Carroll's voice was "warm and friendly," but considered the lyrics to be "coldly calculated clichés," citing the presence of topics such as trucks, whiskey, bars and "dewy-eyed salutes to 'Where I'm From'." Robert Loy of Country Standard Time also gave a mostly unfavorably review, saying that the album showed a lack of artistic growth when compared to his debut, saying that except for "Sorry Don't Matter", the songs were derivative in nature. Matt Bjorke of Roughstock gave a more favorable review, saying that although the compilation "may not have a huge 'obvious' hit", he considered all of its tracks to be solid and well-sung.

Track listing

Personnel
 Kenny Aronoff - drums, percussion
 Tom Bukovac - electric guitar, piano
 Jason Michael Carroll - lead vocals
 J.T. Corenflos - electric guitar
 Wes Hightower - background vocals
 John Hobbs - Hammond organ, piano
 Mike Johnson - dobro, pedal steel guitar
 Chris McHugh - drums, percussion
 Gary Morse - dobro, pedal steel guitar
 Michael Rhodes - bass guitar
 Mike Rojas - Hammond organ, piano
 David Stallings - bird calls
 Ilya Toshinsky - banjo, acoustic guitar
 Biff Watson - banjo, acoustic guitar
 Glenn Worf - bass guitar
 Jonathan Yudkin - banjo, fiddle, mandolin, strings

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Singles

References

2009 albums
Albums produced by Don Gehman
Arista Records albums
Jason Michael Carroll albums


Alberto Diena (May 31, 1894 – February 13, 1977), of Italy, was an expert on stamps of Italy, its former colonies, and the Italian states of the 19th century. He was the son of his internationally renowned father, Emilio Diena, who was regarded by many as “Italy’s greatest philatelist.”

Philatelic literature
Because of his in-depth knowledge and study of the stamps of Italy, he wrote numerous articles on stamps of Italy, especially the early “classic” issues.

Philatelic activity
Diena was highly regarded by fellow philatelists, both buyers and sellers of stamps, because of his ability to detect counterfeit or fake copies of the early rare Italian postal stamps. His opinion was always held with the highest regard by fellow collectors.

Honors and awards
Diena was named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 1978.

Legacy
His son Dr. Enzo Diena continued on with his father's work.

See also
 Philately
 Philatelic literature

References

 Alberto Diena

External links
 Aberto Diena biography (Italian)

1894 births
1977 deaths
Philatelic literature
Italian philatelists
Philately of Italy
American Philatelic Society


The American Civic Association is an immigration services organization located in Binghamton, New York, that provides community integration services to immigrants and refugees in the Greater Binghamton region. It is unrelated to a former national organization and entity of the same name from the early 20th century.

The organization's services include refugee resettlement; citizenship classes; assistance with citizenship and green card information; and general help and assistance for immigration- and citizenship-related problems with services provided on a sliding scale of ability to pay by income. The organization is a member agency of (and therefore receives funding from) the United Way of Broome County. The ACA is a 501(c)(3) non-profit entity and is the only refugee resettlement agency in the Greater Binghamton area.

History
The ACA was founded in 1939. At the time, the Binghamton area had a large number of European immigrants coming into the area that were working in the many factories of the Endicott Johnson Corporation. The agency later constructed an office and banquet facility on Front Street in the city and maintains these facilities currently for receptions, events, classes, and other activities.

The ACA's offices were the scene of a mass shooting in April 2009.

References

Online Resources
 United Way's ACA Information Page
 Official page of the American Civic Association

Organizations based in Binghamton, New York
Immigration to the United States
1939 establishments in New York (state)


Korean Air Flight 801 (KE801, KAL801) was a scheduled international passenger flight operated by Korean Air. The flight crashed on August 6, 1997, on approach to Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, in the United States territory of Guam, killing 229 of the 254 people aboard. The aircraft crashed on Bijia Peak, south of Nimitz Hill, in Asan-Maina, Guam, while on approach to the airport. The National Transportation Safety Board cites poor communication between the flight crew as probable cause for the air crash, along with the captain's poor decision-making on the non-precision approach. It remains the deadliest aviation disaster in the United States and its territories to have survivors.

Aircraft and crew

Flight 801 was normally flown by an Airbus A300, but since Korean Air had scheduled the August 5–6 flight to transport Chamorro athletes to the South Pacific Mini Games in American Samoa, the airline designated HL7468, a 12-year-old Boeing 747-300 delivered to Korean Air on December 12, 1984, to fly the route that night.

The flight was under the command of 42-year-old Captain Park Yong-chul () The captain had close to 9,000 hours of flight time, including 3,192 on the Boeing 747, and had recently received a flight safety award for negotiating a 747 engine failure at low altitude. Park was originally scheduled to fly to Dubai, United Arab Emirates, but since he had not had enough rest for the Dubai trip, he was reassigned to Flight 801. The first officer was 40-year-old Song Kyung-ho (), who had more than 4,000 hours' flying experience, with 1,560 of them on the Boeing 747, and the flight engineer was 57-year-old Nam Suk-hoon (), a veteran pilot with more than 13,000 flight hours, 1,573 of which were on the Boeing 747.

Accident

Flight 801 departed from Seoul-Kimpo International Airport (now Gimpo International Airport) at 8:53 pm (9:53 pm Guam time) on August 5 on its way to Guam. It carried three flight crew members (the two pilots and the flight engineer), 14 flight attendants, and 237 passengers from four countries, a total of 254 people. Of the passengers, three were children between the ages of 2 and 12 and three were 24 months old or younger. Six of the passengers were Korean Air flight attendants, who were deadheading.

The flight experienced some turbulence, but was uneventful until shortly after 1:00 am on August 6, as the jet was preparing to land. The rain in Guam was heavy, so visibility was considerably reduced and the crew attempted an instrument landing. The glideslope instrument landing system (ILS) for runway 6L was out of service, but Captain Park believed it was in service, and at 1:35 am, he managed to pick up a signal that was later identified to be from an irrelevant electronic device on the ground.  The crew noticed that the aircraft was descending very steeply, and noted several times that the airport "is not in sight". Despite protests from flight engineer Nam that the detected signal was not the glide-slope indicator, Park pressed on, and at 1:42 am, the aircraft crashed into Bijia Peak just short of the NIMITZ VOR navigation beacon about  short of the runway, at an altitude of . Despite its name, the NIMITZ VOR is separated from Nimitz Hill by the Fonte River Valley, though Nimitz Hill Annex was the closest inhabited place.

Of the 254 people on board, 229 died as a result of the crash. One survivor, 36-year-old Hyun Seong Hong (홍현성, also spelled Hong Hyun Sung) of the United States, occupied seat 3B in first class, and said that the crash occurred so quickly that the passengers "had no time to scream" and likened the crash to "a scene from a film".

Rescue

The rescue effort was hampered by the weather, terrain, and other problems. Emergency vehicles could not approach because a fuel pipeline, destroyed by the crash, blocked the narrow road. United States Navy Seabees of NMCB-133 were some of the first on the scene and used their earth-moving equipment to clear roadways and timber from the crash-site approach. The Seabees used backhoes to crack open the still-burning plane to rescue survivors and erected mortuary tents for first responders. Confusion arose over the administration of the effort; the crash occurred on land owned by the United States Navy, but civil authorities initially claimed authority. The hull had disintegrated, and jet fuel in the wing tanks had sparked a fire that was still burning eight hours after impact.

Rika Matsuda

Governor Carl Gutierrez found 11-year-old Rika Matsuda, from Japan, who had boarded the flight with her mother, 44-year-old Shigeko. They were heading to Guam on vacation. Rika Matsuda described to interpreters what happened to her mother and her. Shigeko could not free herself from the aircraft and told Rika to run away. Luggage piled on the girl and her mother as the crash occurred; Rika Matsuda said her mother, unable to free herself, asked her to leave. Shigeko died in the fire. After escaping from the aircraft, Rika discovered a surviving flight attendant, Lee Yong Ho (이용호). They stayed together until Gutierrez discovered them. Rika Matsuda, treated at Guam Memorial Hospital in Tamuning, was released on August 7, 1997, and was reunited with her father, Tatsuo Matsuda. The two were then escorted to the Governor House, where they were the guests of Gutierrez and the First Lady of Guam, Geri Gutierrez, for several days; afterward, Rika and Tatsuo Matsuda flew to Japan.

Investigation and probable cause

The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigated the accident.

A special weather observation made at 01:32, 10 minutes before the impact, reported:

Wind 090° at 6 knots; visibility—7 miles; present weather—shower vicinity; sky condition—scattered 1,600 feet, broken 2,500 feet, overcast 5,000 feet [above ground level]; temperature—27 °C; dew point—25 °C; altimeter setting 29.85 inches Hg; remarks—showers vicinity northwest-northeast.

Another special weather observation made at 01:47, five minutes after the impact, reported:

Wind variable at 4 knots; visibility—5 miles; present weather—light rain shower; sky condition—few 1,500 feet, scattered 2,500 feet, overcast 4,000 feet; temperature—26 °C; dew point—24 °C; altimeter 29.85 inches Hg.

The crew had been using an outdated aeronautical chart that was missing a 724-foot obstruction symbol depicted at the NIMITZ VOR and that map stated the minimum safe altitude while crossing the NIMITZ VOR for a landing aircraft was  as opposed to the updated altitude of . Flight 801 crashed near the NIMITZ VOR, which is situated on Bijia Peak at an altitude of  at 1:42 am, when it descended below the minimum safe altitude of 1440 ft during its landing approach. The report also identified that the captain may have mistakenly believed that the airplane was closer to the airport than it was, and confusion may have existed about the location of the distance measuring equipment (DME) in relation to the airport, with the crew anticipating the VOR/DME to be located at the airport. The DME was sited at the NIMITZ VOR some  from the airport and such a configuration had not been part of Korean Air's simulator training, the crew's training for such non-precision approaches having been carried out in scenarios where the DME was located at the airport. Nevertheless, the correct DME distances were shown on the approach chart.

The NTSB was critical of the flight crew's monitoring of the approach, and even more critical of why the first officer and flight engineer did not challenge the captain for his errors. Even before the accident, Korean Air's crew resource management program was already attempting to promote a free atmosphere between the flight crew, requiring the first officer and flight engineer to challenge the captain if they felt concerned. The flight crew only began to challenge the captain six seconds before impact, though, when the first officer urged the captain to make a missed approach. According to the cockpit voice recorder, the flight crew suggested to the captain that he had made a mistake, but did not explicitly warn him. The flight crew had the opportunity to be more aggressive in its challenge and the first officer even had the opportunity to take over control of the aircraft and execute a missed approach himself, which would have prevented the accident, but he did not do this. Despite examining Korean Air's safety culture and previous incidents, the NTSB was unable to determine the exact reasons why the flight crew failed to challenge the captain, but at the same time noted that "problems associated with subordinate officers challenging a captain are well known".

Air traffic control (ATC) also played a role in the accident. The center/approach controller, 39-year-old Kurt James Mayo, did not adhere to standard ATC procedures and failed to monitor the aircraft during its descent. Specifically, he did not monitor the flight after the crew switched to the tower frequency as required, did not give a position advisory to the flight crew when clearing them for the approach (which would have advised them to cross-check their position on the radar with that of other flight instruments), and did not monitor the flight on the terminal radar display, which showed the terrain in the area because radar service had been terminated at the time. The NTSB said that had Mayo followed the procedures, the accident could have been prevented or at least reduced in severity. The tower controller, Marty Irvin Theobald (also 39), was also criticized for not alerting the crew, as Mayo had been unaware of the aircraft's low altitude, and did not provide an alert to him.

The NTSB also criticized the emergency responders for their delayed rescue operation, citing that most of the factors that delayed the response were preventable. These factors included ATC's initial unawareness of the accident, a brake failure on a fire truck, and a delayed notification of the fire department. The NTSB also concluded that at least one person who survived the initial crash could have recovered had the response not been delayed.

The NTSB presented its findings on March 24, 25, and 26, 1998, at the Hawaii Convention Center in Honolulu.

The section of the report entitled "Probable Cause" concluded:

The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the captain's failure to adequately brief and execute the non-precision approach and the first officer's and flight engineer's failure to effectively monitor and cross-check the captain's execution of the approach.  Contributing to these failures were the captain's fatigue and Korean Air's inadequate flight crew training.

Contributing to the accident was the Federal Aviation Administration's intentional inhibition of the minimum safe altitude warning system at Guam and the agency's failure to adequately manage the system.The investigation report stated that a contributing factor was that the ATC Minimum Safe Altitude Warning (MSAW) system at Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport had been deliberately modified so as to limit spurious alarms and could not detect an approaching aircraft that was below minimum safe altitude. The probable cause of the accident was the captain's poor execution of the non-precision approach, the captain's fatigue, poor communication between the flight crew, and Korean Air's lack of flight crew training.

Passengers

Deaths and injuries
Of the 254 people on board, 223 people—209 passengers and 14 crew members (all 3 flight crew and 11 cabin crew)—were killed at the crash site.

Of the 31 occupants found alive by rescue crews, 2 died en route to the hospital and a further 3 in hospital. Among the survivors, 16 received burn injuries. The 26 survivors were initially treated at Guam Memorial Hospital  in Tamuning or at Naval Hospital Guam in Agana Heights. Four were subsequently transferred to the U.S. Army Burn Center in San Antonio, Texas. and eight to University Hospital in Seoul. On October 10 of that year, one passenger died from injuries suffered in the crash, bringing the number of fatalities to 229 and the number of survivors to 25.

Twenty-two passengers and three flight attendants survived the crash with serious injuries.

Notable passengers
Shin Ki-ha, a four-term South Korean parliamentarian and former leader of the National Congress for New Politics, traveled with his wife and around 20 party members. Shin and his wife were both killed.

Identification and repatriation of bodies

On August 13, 1997, 12 sets of remains were brought to Guam's airport to be prepared to be repatriated to Seoul. Clifford Guzman, a governor's aide, said that two of the twelve were taken back to the morgue. Of the ten, one was misidentified and had to be switched before takeoff. The ten bodies transported to Seoul were those of seven passengers and three female flight attendants. On the same date, an NTSB family-affairs official named Matthew Furman said that in total, by that date, 46 bodies had been identified.

After the crash

After the crash occurred, the airline provided several flights for around 300 relatives so that they could go to the crash site.

On August 13, 1997, 50 protesters staged a sit-in at Guam Airport, saying that the recovery of the dead was taking too long; they sat on blankets and sheets of paper at the Korean Air counter.

Legacy
On August 5, 1998, the first anniversary of the crash, a black marble obelisk was unveiled on the crash site as a memorial to the victims.

After the accident, Korean Air services to Guam were suspended for more than four years, leading to reduced tourist spending in Guam and reduced revenues for Korean Air. When Seoul-Guam services resumed in December 2001, the flight number was changed to 805. The flight numbers for its Seoul-Guam route as of October 3rd 2023 are now 421 and 423, being operates out of Incheon instead of Gimpo, using a Boeing 737-800 for flight 423 or an Airbus A330-300 for flight 421, but from October 29, 2023, those flights will be operated using an Airbus A220-300 and a Boeing 777-200ER, respectively.

In 2000, a lawsuit was settled in the amount of US$70 million on behalf of 54 families against the airline.

New Zealander Barry Small, a helicopter pilot and a survivor of the accident, lobbied for safer storage of duty-free alcohol and redesigns of crossbars on airline seats; he said that the storage of duty-free alcohol on Flight 801 contributed to the spreading of the fire and the crossbars injured passengers so that they could not escape from the aircraft. (Small himself was injured when he broke his leg on one of the crossbars during the crash, but was still able to escape the aircraft.)

The government of Guam moved its web page covering the Korean Air crash after the Spamcop program alerted the government that advance fee fraud spam from Nigeria used the website link as a part of the scam. Scam e-mails used names of passengers, such as Sean Burke, as part of the fraud.

Following the Korean Air 801 crash, the NTSB was made aware that foreign carriers flying in and out of the US were not covered by the Aviation Disaster Family Assistance Act of 1996 and Korean Air did not have a plan to deal with the situation. As a result, the US Congress passed the Foreign Air Carrier Family Support Act of 1997 to require those carriers to file family-assistance plans and fulfill the same family-support requirements as domestic airlines. Not only does the act ensure that all victims and family members will be treated equitably, regardless of the carrier they use, but it also impels many carriers that may not have thought about family-assistance issues to give them due consideration in their emergency response plans.

In popular culture
Malcolm Gladwell discusses the crash in the context of cultural effects on power structures in his book Outliers.
The Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic TV series Mayday (also called Air Crash Investigation or Air Emergency) dramatized the accident in a 2007 episode titled "Final Approach," although it was also titled "Missed Approach" for the episode on Air Disasters, and "Blind Landing" for the UK.
It is featured in season two, episode one, of the TV show Why Planes Crash, in an episode called "Crisis in the Sky".

See also
 List of aviation accidents and incidents involving CFIT
 Impact of culture on aviation safety

Notes

References

Additional sources
National Transportation Safety Board
Korean Air Flight 801 Final Accident Report
Government of Guam: Guam Crash Site Center – Korean Air Flight 801, photographs, passenger manifest, scanned news articles, and related links
 PBS Newshour with Jim Lehrer: "Tragedy on Guam," August 6, 1997
 "List of passengers aboard Korean Air Flight 801" (also lists crew members)  CNN
 Airline's List Of Survivors," The New York Times. August 7, 1997.
 Pollack, Andrew. "Pilot Error Is Suspected in Crash on Guam," The New York Times. August 8, 1997.
Guam rescuers: 27 survivors, no more expected, CNN (Archive)
 Pilot error focus in Guam crash, CNN
Photos used to identify Guam crash victims, CNN (Archive)
 29 Survive the Guam Crash, but Hope for Others Ends, The New York Times
Rescuers search smoldering jet debris in Guam, CNN (Archive)
 Tragedy on Guam, PBS

External links

"Korean Air Flight 801." (Alternate) (Archive) – National Transportation Safety Board
Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript and accident summary
 Hosenball, Mark and Watson, Russell. "Fly The Risky Skies." Newsweek. August 18, 1997.
 Wald, Matthew L. "Tape Shows Crew's Confusion in Guam Crash." The New York Times. March 25, 1998.
 "Safety Board Cites Crew, Carrier, Controller, and Regulatory Authorities' Lapses in Guam Crash." (Archive) Air Safety Week. November 8, 1999.
 "Families Try to Identify Bodies in Korean Crash." (Archive) The New York Times. August 10, 1997.

Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by weather
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1997
Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 747
Airliner accidents and incidents in Guam
801
South Korea–United States relations
1997 in Guam
1997 meteorology
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August 1997 events in Oceania
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Duncan John MacDowall (born 18 December 1963) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham City. He played as a centre forward.

MacDowall was born in Paddington, London. He joined Birmingham City as an apprentice in 1980, and after some promising performances in the reserves, made his First Division debut on 23 March 1982 in a goalless draw at Tottenham Hotspur. He played once more that season, but then left the club. He played for Leatherhead on a non-contract basis during the 1982–83 season.

References

1963 births
Living people
Footballers from Paddington
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Birmingham City F.C. players
Leatherhead F.C. players
English Football League players


"If You're Thinking You Want a Stranger (There's One Coming Home)" is a song written by Blake Mevis and David Wills, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait.  It was released in January 1982 as the third and final single from his debut album Strait Country.  It peaked at number 3 in the United States, while it was a number 2 in Canada.

Critical reception
Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe gave the song a B− grade, saying that if Strait's voice wasn't so "distinctive and familiar, you could be forgiven for mistaking this for Johnny Lee’s, "Lookin' for Love." Billboard reviewed the song favorably, saying that "Strait's got another winner in this lively promise of changing ways."

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

1982 singles
1981 songs
George Strait songs
Songs written by David Wills (singer)
Songs written by Blake Mevis
MCA Records singles