Vančo Micevski (; born 28 August 1971) is a former Macedonian professional footballer who played as a striker. Since January 2022 he is the Director of Sports of Pelister. Born in SFR Yugoslavia, he represented the Macedonia national team internationally.

Club career
Micevski was born in Skopje, SFR Yugoslavia. He began his career with Rabotnichki. The following years he moved to Pelister and Sileks where he had his most successful spell as a player. Micevski has scored 128 goals in Macedonian first league and he is second top scorer in the history of Macedonian League

In the 1996–97 season he was playing his club football for Sileks Kratovo, and was transferred in the winter break to KV Mechelen in Belgium. Following a short spell with Union Berlin he returned by the 1999–2000 season to be playing back in Macedonia for Pelister and scored a goal in their cup final victory over Sloga Jugomagnat. Later on his career he went on to play for Madžari before finishing his playing career with Pelister in 2007.

International career
Micevski made eight international appearances for the Macedonia national team between October 1993 and June 1997. He scored four international goals during his international career against Albania, Liechtenstein and Malta.

Career statistics
Scores and results list Macedonia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Micevski goal.

Honours
Macedonian First League: 1995–96, 1996–97
Macedonian Cup: 1996–97, 2000–01
Macedonian Republic Cup: 1990-91
Macedonian First League Top Scorer: 1996–97

References

External links
 Profile at MacedonianFootball.com

1971 births
Living people
Footballers from Skopje
Men's association football forwards
Yugoslav men's footballers
Macedonian men's footballers
North Macedonia men's international footballers
FK Rabotnički players
FK Pelister players
FK Sileks players
K.V. Mechelen players
1. FC Union Berlin players
FK Pobeda players
FK Madžari Solidarnost players
Yugoslav Second League players
Yugoslav First League players
Macedonian First Football League players
Belgian Pro League players
Challenger Pro League players
Regionalliga players
Macedonian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Macedonian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Macedonian expatriate sportspeople in Germany


This is a list of films which have placed number one at the weekend box office in Mexico during 2009.

Highest-grossing films

Notes

 List of Mexican films — Mexican films by year

References
 Note: Click on the relevant weekend to view specifics.

Mexico
Box
2009


Silghat is a town located on the southern banks of the Brahmaputra, in Nagaon district in the Indian state of Assam. It is 48 km northeast of Nagaon. With a river and hills, the scenery of Silghat attracts local and visitors throughout the year. Silghat is home to Kamakhya Temple, Trishuldhari (religious cum picnic spot), Samantagiri, Simala Garh, Manuh Kata Tumoni, heritage  British era bungalows, Gandhi Asthidham, and Sudhakantha Sammanoi Khetra. Every year in March or April (Chot/Bohag), Ashokastami mela is held at Slighat's holy river bank. The Assam Cooperative Jute Mill Ltd. operates in Silghat.

Economy
Assam Co-operative Jute Mills Ltd. operates at Silghat. The mill opened in 1970. It is a major producer of jute in Assam. It is the only jute mill in the country in the co-operative Sector. It was registered in 1959 under the Assam Co-operative Societies Act.

Transport
The nearest airport is at Saloni, 10 km from Tezpur.

Silghat Town Railway Station provides train service. Alipurduar–Silghat Town Rajya Rani Express, Nagaon Express, Kolkata–Silghat Town Kaziranga Express, and Guwahati - Silghat Town DEMU originate from this station.

National Highway 52 passes through the town.

Silghat multimodal waterways terminal on Brahmaputra National Waterway 2 in Sissiborgaon tehsil is part of Bharatmala and Sagarmala projects. 19 National Waterways for the Northeast connectivity.

Kamakhya temple
Silghat Kamakhya Temple is located there. An ancient temple for lord Shiva is on the banks of River Brahamputra.

References

Silghat

Cities and towns in Nagaon district


On Reflection: The Very Best of Elaine Paige is a compilation album by Elaine Paige, released in 1998.

It is primarily a compilation of material from earlier recordings, including much of the same material as her earlier Encore album, but also includes the 1998 version of "Memory", taken from the video version of Cats released that year.

"I Dreamed a Dream" and "Don't Cry for Me Argentina" are live performances taken from the recording of a 1993 concert which was broadcast by the BBC.

The album was released on the Telstar label and featured tracks recorded for Paige's WEA albums.

Track listing

 "Memory" (Andrew Lloyd Webber/T.S. Eliot/Trevor Nunn) (Previously unreleased on CD. This 1998 re-recording is taken from the film version of Cats)
 "I Don't Know How to Love Him" (Andrew Lloyd Webber/Tim Rice)
 "The Perfect Year" (Andrew Lloyd Webber/Don Black/Christopher Hampton)
 "I Dreamed a Dream" (live) (Claude-Michel Schönberg/Alain Boublil/Jean-Marc Natel)
 "Non, Je Ne Regrette Rien" (Charles Dumont/Édith Piaf)
 "Another Suitcase in Another Hall" (Andrew Lloyd Webber/Tim Rice)
 "On My Own" (Claude-Michel Schönberg/Alain Boublil/Herbert Kretzmer/Jean-Marc Natel)
 "Walking in the Air" (Howard Blake)
 "Wishin' on a Star" (Billie Calvin)
 "Don't Cry for Me Argentina" (live) (Andrew Lloyd Webber/Tim Rice)
 "As If We Never Said Goodbye" (Andrew Lloyd Webber/Don Black/Christopher Hampton/Amy Powers)
 "The Rose" (Amanda McBroom)
 "Hymne à l'Amour(If You Love Me)"  (Marguerite Monnot/Édith Piaf/Geoffrey Parsons)
 "The Way We Were" (Alan Bergman/Marilyn Bergman/Marvin Hamlisch)
 "The Second Time" (Francis Lai/Tim Rice)
 "The Windmills of Your Mind" (Michel Legrand/Alan Bergman/Marilyn Bergman)
 "I Know Him So Well" (Benny Andersson/Tim Rice/Björn Ulvaeus)

Elaine Paige albums
1998 greatest hits albums
Albums produced by Tony Visconti
Albums produced by Andrew Lloyd Webber
Albums produced by Nigel Wright


York was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1890 to 1950.

The district was based on the rural town of York lying to the east of Perth. It was one of the original 30 seats contested at the 1890 election.

York was abolished at the 1950 election. Its last member, Charles Perkins of the Country Party, transferred to the seat of Roe.

Members

Election results

York
1890 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1890
1950 disestablishments in Australia
Constituencies disestablished in 1950


The Rock Carvings in Tanum () are a collection of petroglyphs near Tanumshede, Bohuslän, Sweden, which were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1994 because of their high concentration.

Petroglyphs
In total, there are thousands of images called the Tanum petroglyphs, on about 600 panels within the World Heritage Area. These are concentrated in distinct areas along a 25 km stretch, and covers an area of about 51 hectares (126 acres or 0.5 km²).

While the region was on the coastline when the drawings were made, it is now at an elevation of 25m.

Scandinavian Bronze Age and Iron Age people were sophisticated craftsmen and very competent travelers by water. (Dates for ages vary with the region; in Scandinavia, the Bronze Age is roughly 1800 to 500 BCE) Many of the glyphs depict boats of which some seem to be of the Hjortspring boat type carrying around a dozen passengers. Wagons or carts are also depicted.

Other glyphs depict humans with a bow, spear or axe, and others depict hunting scenes. In all cases the pictures show people performing rituals. There is a human at a plough drawn by two oxen, holding what might be a branch or an ox-goading crop made of a number of strips of hide.

One of the larger rocks of Nordic Bronze Age petroglyphs in Scandinavia (at 22 metres tall and 6 metres wide), the Vitlyckehäll, is located in Tanumshede. It contains nearly 300 carvings of a variety of scenes, people, and objects.

The rock carvings are endangered by erosion due to acid rain and some are thus covered either permanently or during certain times of the year. Some have been painted red to make them more visible for tourists; a practice which has drawn criticism for removing the authenticity and original state of the drawings.

Recent history
The first records of the images inscribed at the site were made in 1627 when Peder Alfsön, a Norwegian doctor and lector, made ink drawings of some of the carvings. The first professional recordings were made in 1792 by Carl Gustaf Gottfried Hilfeling, who was sent by nobleman Pehr Tham to draw the carvings. A number of excavations and recordings took place over the course of the early 19th century, primarily led by Carl Georg Brunius and Axel Emmanuel Holmberg, who published research and debated at length the most likely era of their creation. Strong arguments for the now accepted era were not made until the late 19th century, when Oscar Montelius and Viktor Rydberg presented evidence linking the drawings to the Bronze Age. During the early 20th century, studies began to focus more on the meaning behind the drawings, rather than determining their age, but late 20th century work confirmed that the drawings were likely made during the Bronze Age.

The site was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1994; encompassing approximately 45 km² in total. It is visited by approximately 100,000 people per year, though visitors are not permitted to walk on or touch the drawings.

Gallery

References

External links

 UNESCO World Heritage Site listing
 Scandinavian Society for Prehistoric Art, a society working to document the carvings and running the Tanum Museum of Rock Carvings
 Luukkonen, Ismo: Scandinavian Rock Art
Numerous photos (comments in russian)

Petroglyphs
Bohuslän
World Heritage Sites in Sweden
Nordic Bronze Age
Germanic archaeological artifacts
Bronze Age art


Kresson may refer to:
Kresson, Baltimore, a neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland
Kresson, New Jersey, an unincorporated area in Voorhees Township, New Jersey
Kresson Golf Course, a golf course in the area
Kresson Lake, a lake in the area


David Taylor (5 August 1884 – 6 August 1949) was a Scottish professional football player and manager. As a player he was a defender, and won the FA Cup in 1911 with Bradford City and in 1914 with Burnley.

Career
Moving from Rangers to Bradford City in September 1910, Taylor signed for Burnley in November 1911. With Bradford he won the 1911 FA Cup Final, and with Burnley he won the 1914 FA Cup Final and the 1920–21 Football League title. He was known for his pace.

Taylor guested for both Old Firm clubs during the First World War. He only featured for Celtic in five league matches but could be considered to have played an important part in their 1918–19 Scottish Football League title win, as in his debut on 1 January 1919 the Hoops held his old club Rangers to a 1–1 draw at Ibrox thanks to what was described in the press as "magnificent rearguard tactics", going on to win the championship from the same rivals by one point. At the end of that season, he suffered from serious heart trouble which put his career and health at risk, but was later able to continue with Burnley.

He played in two Home Scots v Anglo-Scots international trials just prior to the war, but never gained a full cap for Scotland.

He later moved back to Scotland to manage St Johnstone and Dunfermline Athletic, before returning to England to manage Carlisle United.

See also
Played for Celtic and Rangers

References

External links
BantamsPast.co.uk

1884 births
1949 deaths
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish football managers
Men's association football fullbacks
Men's association football central defenders
Motherwell F.C. players
Rangers F.C. players
Bradford City A.F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
St Johnstone F.C. managers
Dunfermline Athletic F.C. managers
Carlisle United F.C. managers
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
English Football League managers
Footballers from Stirling
Scottish Football League managers
Rangers F.C. wartime guest players
Celtic F.C. wartime guest players
Ashfield F.C. players
Ayr United F.C. wartime guest players
Chelsea F.C. wartime guest players
Falkirk F.C. wartime guest players
Blackburn Rovers F.C. non-playing staff
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Army Service Corps soldiers


Gay Comix (later Gay Comics) is an underground comics series published from 1980–1998 featuring cartoons by and for gay men and lesbians. The comic books had the tagline “Lesbians and Gay Men Put It On Paper!”

Much of the early content was autobiographical, but more diverse themes were explored in later editions. The contents of Gay Comix were generally about relationships, personal experiences, and humor, rather than sex. It is generally less sexually explicit than the similarly-themed (and male-focused) Meatmen series of graphic novels. Its editors each made a deliberate effort to feature work by both women and men.

Publication history
Kitchen Sink Press published the first five issues of Gay Comix; thereafter it was published by Bob Ross, publisher of the Bay Area Reporter gay newspaper.

The first four issues were edited by Cruse; issues #5 through #13 were edited by Robert Triptow. Andy Mangels edited issues #14 to #25 and a special issue featuring Barela; Mangels changed the title to Gay Comics starting with issue #15, in part to divest it of the "underground" implications of "comix".

Excerpts from Gay Comix were included in a 1989 anthology titled Gay Comics.

Development
The idea for Gay Comix came from Denis Kitchen, a publisher of underground comics through the company he founded, Kitchen Sink Press. In 1979, after realizing underground cartoonist Howard Cruse was gay, Kitchen asked him to edit an anthology of gay comic artists. The two had worked together previously; Cruse’s comic Barefootz was published through Kitchen Sink Press. A call was put out for artists through comics magazine Cascade Comix Monthly. Gay Comix aimed to get the gay and lesbian contributors to write about things that had happened to them, and experiences they had had. Originally Cruse had reservations about editing the anthology. “He [Cruse] had never publicly, in print, declared he was gay…he thought coming out would only add to his woes.” Cruse decided that “it would be cowardly” to decline the editor position for these reasons.

Cruse recognized that gay people were viewed as caricatures by most of the world, and wanted to publish comics that showed the humanity and normal side of lesbian and gay people. Gay Comix featured the work of primarily gay and lesbian cartoonists. In an editor’s note in Gay Comix #4 Cruse put out a call for more women to submit to the magazine, saying, “After all, the personal style of comic book storytelling in Gay Comix was pioneered by the women who put together Wimmen’s Comix when underground commix were young.” While it sometimes had suggestive or sexual comics, Gay Comix was not a pornographic comic series. Cruse apparently even expressed hope that he wouldn’t be submitted comics that focused heavily on genitals.

Content
Artists producing work for Gay Comix included:
 Mary Wings, creator of the first one-off lesbian book Come Out Comix (1972) and Dyke Shorts (1976)
 Alison Bechdel, who created Dykes to Watch Out For and whose graphic novel Fun Home was adapted into a Tony Award-winning Broadway musical
 Roberta Gregory, who created Dynamite Damsels (1976), the first lesbian underground serial comic book, and the character Bitchy Bitch;
 Jerry Mills, creator of Poppers
 Howard Cruse, editor of the first four issues
 Robert Triptow, editor of issues #5 through 13
 Burton Clarke, creator of Cy Ross and the S.Q. Syndrome, Satyr, and the cover of issue #3
 Jennifer Camper, editor of Juicy Mother
 Tim Barela, creator of Leonard & Larry
 Jon Macy creator of Teleny and Camille
 Lee Marrs and Trina Robbins, two of the original members of the Wimmen's Comix Collective
Gerard Donelan, creator of It's a Gay Life and cover artist of issue #7
Diana Green, a notable trans woman cartoonist

Gay Comix #1
Gay Comix #1 was published in September 1980 by Kitchen Sink Press. It was 36 pages long and sold for $1.25. The cover art was by Rand Holmes.

It opened with a note from Howard Cruse:  Each artist speaks for himself or herself. No one speaks for any mythical ‘average’ homosexual. No one speaks for the Gay Movement…. In drawing this book, we gay cartoonists would like to affirm that we are here, and that we live lives as strewn with India inked pratfalls, flawed heroics, and surreptitious truths as the rest of the human race.The cartoonists and stories featured were:
 "Stick in the Mud" by Lee Marrs
 "Reunion" by Roberta Gregory
 "Billy Goes Out" by Howard Cruse
 "When You’re in Love, the Whole World is Lavender" by Roberta Gregory
Themes touched on in this issue include coming out and settling down, in ‘Stick in the Mud.’ Grief and cruising, in ‘Billy Goes Out,’ and hope for a more tolerant future in ‘When You’re in love, the Whole World is Lavender.’

Gay Comix #2
Gay Comix #2 was published in November 1981 by Kitchen Sink Press. It was edited by Howard Cruse, who also did the cover art. It had a cover price of $1.50. The cartoons and artists featured were:
 "Jerry Mack" by Howard Cruse
 "Castroids" by Robert Triptow
 "Unnatural Desires!" by Roberta Gregory
 "Getting Domestic" by Howard Cruse
 "For Keeps and Forever" by Lee Marrs
Themes addressed in this issue include domestic partnered life in ‘Getting Domestic,’ internalized homophobia in ‘Jerry Mack,’ and experimentation in ‘Unnatural Desires!'

Gay Comix #3
Gay Comix #3 was published in December 1982 by Kitchen Sink Press. It was 44 pages long and had a cover price of $2. Howard Cruse was the editor. The cover art was done by Burton Clark. Gay Comix #3 was the first issue to include notes from its readers. The comics and artists featured in this issue were:
 "My Deadly Darling Dyke" by Lee Mars
 "Weekend Revolutionaries" by Kurt Erichsen
 "Castroids" by Robert Triptow (Two short Castroids comics were featured in this issue.)
 "I’m Me" by David Kottler
 "One for Sorrow" by Patrick Marcel
 "I Always Cry at Movies" by Howard Cruse
 "Necropolitan Life" by Billy Fugate
 "The Tale of Cha-Lee and Sat-yah" by Demian
 "As the World Grinds to a Halt" by Cheela Smith
 "Another Coming Out Story" by Roberta Gregory
 "Dirty Old Lovers" by Howard Cruse
 "Watch Out" by Vaughn Frick
Some of the themes addressed in this issue were activism, in ‘Weekend Revolutionaries’ and the pickup or cruising scene in ‘Castroids.’ This issue included a very positive comic about a gay trans man and his journey through transition. It shows a trans man in a committed, happy relationship living a normal, well-adjusted life.

Gay Comix #4
Gay Comix #4 was published by Kitchen Sink Press in November 1983. It was 44 pages long and sold for $2. Howard Cruse was the editor and Vaughn Frick did the cover illustration. It included the following comics and artists:
 "Poppers" by Jerry Mills
 "Scrapbook: Andy and I" by Jim Yost
 "Networking" by Lee Mars
 "Ode to Phyllis Anne" by Joe Sinardi
 "Walls" by Rick Campbell
 "A Word from our Sponsor" by Jackie Urbanovic and “Bird”
 "Murphey’s Manor" by Kurt Erichsen
 "Ready or Not, Here It Comes" by Howard Cruse
 "Etiquette" by Jennifer Camper
 "Stan Stone" by Vaughn Frick
 "The Unicorn Tapestry" by Roberta Gregory
 "Billie" by Jim Yost
Some notable themes in this issue were struggling with being in the closet, in Ode to Phyllis Anne and Walls. ‘A Word From Our Sponsor’ was a parody commercial for a product a lesbian could use to “de-dyke” her home in a hurry. The issue also touched on the topic of AIDS and safe sex in ‘Ready or Not.’

Gay Comix #5
Gay Comix #5 was published by Kitchen Sink Press in 1984. The editor was Robert Triptow, and the cover art was by T.O. Sylvester. It included the following stories and artists:
 "It’s Attitude" by Michael J. Goldberg
 "Leonard and Larry in Revenge of the Yenta" by Tim Barela
 "Just Because" by Roberta Gregory
 "Binnie Blinkers" by Richard Valley
 "Zen and the Art of Bush Sex" by Demain
 "Mesozoic Rescue" by Michele Lloyd
 "Simply Beastly" by T.O. Sylvester
 "Poppers" by Jerry Mills
 "Cabbage Patch Clone" by Howard Cruse
 "Better Times" by R. Campbell
 "When Worlds Collide" by Robert Triptow
 "Hot Summer Night" by Camper
Some of the themes in this issue were relations between gay men and lesbians, and gay men and their mothers, in ‘Revenge of the Yenta’ and ‘When Worlds Collide.’ This issue also discusses homophobia in ‘Just Because’ and ‘Binnie Blinkers.’

Gay Comix #6
Gay Comix #6 was published in November 1985 by Bob Ross. It was edited by Robert Triptow. This issue had a cover price of $2. The cover was illustrated by J Mills. Comics included in this issue were:
 "Tommy Teene" by Trina Robbins
 "Gideon and Friends" by Joe Sinardi
 "Terminal Lesbian Couple-itus" by Leslie Ewing
 "Leonard and Larry" by Tom Barela
 "The Sparkle Sisters: Stain on the Sofa" by Kurt Erichsen
 "The Elves and the Leathermaker" by Michael J. Goldberg and Richard Cornwell
 "Wendel in Shopping for Cornflakes" by Howard Cruse
Some of the topics and themes in this issue were anti-gay buzzwords used in marketing to show covert homophobia in ‘Shopping for Cornflakes,’ and the joys and pitfalls that come along with being in a lesbian couple in ‘Terminal Couple-Itus.’

Gay Comix #7
Gay Comix #7 was published in Spring 1986 by Bob Ross. It was edited by Robert Triptow. Donelan did the cover illustration. This issue had a cover price of $2. This issue included the following comics:
 "Leonard and Larry" by Tim Barela
 "Jayson Gets a Visitor" by J.A. Krell
 "Night Moves" by Donelan
 "Bi Bi Baby" by Robert Triptow
 "Late One Nite" by Roberta Gregory
 "Love Bait" by Michael Goldberg
 "The Sparkle Spinsters: Home Movies" by Kurt Erichsen
 "The Discussion Group" by Donelan
 "Swishy Fishy in Love Bait" by Michael J. Goldberg
Gay Comix #7 touched on AIDS in ‘Late One Night,’ bisexuality in ‘Bi Bi Baby,’ and coming out in ‘The Discussion Group.

Gay Comix #8
Gay Comix #8 was published in Summer 1986 by Bob Ross and was edited by Robert Triptow. The cover illustration was done by Kalynn. This issue was titled SUPER Gay Comix and all of the comics featured a superhero of some kind. Comics in this issue included:
 "The Sparkle Spinsters: A Midsummer Night’s Super Stud" by Kurt Erichsen
 "Fa-a-abuous Four" by Robert Triptow
 "+Persons" by Robert Triptow
 "Swishy Meets the Caped Cod" by Michael J. Goldberg
 "JaysonMan and ArenaWoman ...An Epicene Epic" by J.A. Krell

Comics in this issue included topics like gay bashing, in “JaysonMan and ArenaWoman,’ and AIDS in ‘+Persons,’ where a group of superhero-esque figures go to “cheer up terminal patients” at the hospital, but are forbidden by their leader to think about the grim realities of AIDS. SUPER GAY Comix was later referenced in a prank call by the Jerky Boys.

Gay Comix #9
Gay Comix #9 was a special issue of the collected cartoons of Jerry Mills, titled Poppers. It was published in Winter 1986 by Bob Ross and edited by Robert Triptow. It had a cover price of $2.

Gay Comix #10
Gay Comix #10 was published in Spring 1987 by Bob Ross and edited by Robert Triptow. The cover illustration was done by Peter Keane. Issue #10 had a cover price of $2. Comics in this issue included:
 "A Donelan Look at Women" by Donelan
 "Satyr" by Burton Clarke
 "I Know You Are But What am I?" by Robert Triptow
 "Castro" by Bruce Billings
 "Jayson Dykes It Out" by J.A. Krell
 "The Gay In the Street" by Howard Cruse
 "The Crush" by Alison Bechdel
 "Leonard and Larry" by Tim Barela
 "Mindy and Millie" by Roberta Gregory
 "A Donelan Look at Men"
 "Swishy Fishy Fashion Cutout" by Michael J. Goldberg
Comics in this issue covered topics like the agony of a crush in ‘The Crush,’ and monogamy in Leonard and Larry.

Gay Comix #11
Gay Comix #11 was published in Winter 1987 by Bob Ross and edited by Robert Triptow. It had a cover price of $2. Comics included in this issue were:
 "Second Chance?" by Howard Stangroom and Stephen Lowther
 "Mid Dyke Crisis" by Leslie Ewing
 "Wee Wee’s Gayhouse" by Robert Triptow and Michael J. Goldberg
 "Let’s Get Visible" by Roberta Gregory
 "Jayson’s New Neighbor" by J.A. Krell
 "Fruitboy" by Robert Triptow
 "Lavendar Booties" by Angela Bocage

This issue discussed topics like homophobia and coming out of the closet, in ‘Let’s Get Visible.’

Gay Comix #12
Gay Comix #12 was published in Spring/Summer 1988 by Bob Ross and edited by Robert Triptow. It had a cover price of $2.50. The cover illustration was by Brad Parker. Comics included in this issue were:
 "Jayson Gets Engaged" by J.A. Krell
 "Future Shock Part 1" by Roberta Gregory
 "Romance in the Age of AIDS" by Leslie Ewing
 "Castroids" by Robert Triptow
 "The Sparkle Spinsters: In the Ghetto" by Kurt Erichsen
 "The All Unkind" by Michael J. Goldberg
 "Harry and Ken" by Howard Stangroom and Stephen Lowther
This issue covered topics such as illegal love under oppressive governments in ‘Future Shock,’ and lesbian safe sex in the face of AIDS in ‘Romance in the Age of AIDS.’

Gay Comix #13
Gay Comix #13 was published in Summer 1988 by Bob Ross and edited by Robert Triptow. It had a cover price of $2.50. The cover illustration was by Michael Goldberg. It had the tagline ‘Torrid Tales of Politically Incorrect Love.’ Comics included in this issue were:
 "Our Love Was Too Cosmic" by Vaughn Frick and Michael J. Goldberg
 "Future Shock Part 2" by Roberta Gregory
 "Birds of a Feather" by Robert Triptow
 "Tea and Sympathy" by Groc
 "Acquired Pronoun Deficiency Syndrome" by Michael J. Goldberg
 "My Boss" by Blue
 "Stonewall Riots" by Andrea Natalie
"Bocage's Boys of the Bioregions," Conceptual Porn Series, Presents: Mission Accomplished by Angela Bocage

This issue covered topics such as homophobic bosses in ‘My Boss,’ and pronouns in ‘Acquired Pronoun Deficiency Syndrome.’

Gay Comix #14
Gay Comix #14 was published in Winter 1991 by Bob Ross. It was the first to be edited by Andy Mangels. As of issue 14, Gay Comix was to be moved to a regular quarterly publishing schedule, as opposed to the yearly and sporadic schedule it had kept up until that point. This was also the last issue to be titled Gay Comix; later issues were spelled Gay Comics. Mangels changed the title to Gay Comics in part to divest it of the "underground" implications of "comix". Gay Comix #14 had a cover price of $2.50. The cover was designed by Roberta Gregory.

This issue included the following works:
 "Ride the Wild Surf" by Howard Stangroom and Stephen Lowther
 "The Chosen Family: The Wonder If I Am Years" by Noreen Stevens
 "Peace of Mind" by Andy Mangles and Stan Shaw
 "Dyke Dating Game" by Jacki Randall
 "Angriest Dyke" by Jacki Randall
 "Grizzly & Ted" by Tim Barella
 "Future Shock" by Roberta Gregory
 "The Chosen Family: Tabloids" by Noreen Stevens
 "Camper" by Jennifer Camper
 "I Wonder" by Joan Hilty
 "Castro Street 2000" by Michael J Goldberg and Vaughn Frick
 "Mid Dyke Crisis" by Leslie Ewing
 "Bernie" by Dave Young
 "Stonewall Riots" by Andrea Natalie
 "Mistress Silver" by J.D. March
 "Teats" by J.D. March
 "Two Gay Dorks in Fezzes" by Howard Cruse

This issue explored themes including first young heartbreak and realizing your sexuality in ‘Chosen Family: Wonder If I Am Years.’ It dealt with AIDS and the horrible anxiety of not knowing your status as positive or negative in ‘Peace of Mind.’

Special issues
In addition to the regular issues, there were special issues, the first devoted to Leonard and Larry, a strip by Tim Barela. In his review of the special for The Comics Journal, Ray Mescallado called Leonard & Larry “consistently the high point of Gay Comix whenever it appeared,” and noted that Leonard & Larry “proposes something even more radical than an openly gay superhero: plausible gay characters in ordinary situations.” He finished his review saying that “Gay Comix Special 1 could well be the feel good comic of the year.”

The second special issue was devoted to the work of Alison Bechdel.

Reception
In a review of Gay Comix #1, Bill Sherman called the anthology “a beacon to any artist that needs one,” saying that “Gay Comix does for gay cartoonists of both sexes what Wimmen’s Comix did for femme comix artists: opens the territory for incoming artists.”

Gay Comix #3 contained letters from readers. Not all letters were positive. One reader, Jim Clair, commented about issues one and two: “I am gay and proud, and really found the first two issues a ‘downer’ to gay life. I found no laughter, and was in fact depressed by a few of the stories. Gay life, even in big cities, is hard enough without having to be reminded of it in a magaine [sic] that presents itself as a hopefully lighthearted view of our wonderful life.”
In his review of the first three issues of Gay Comix, Ted White noted that while not every comic addition to the anthology was stellar, editing an anthology that was to cater to an entire category of people was no easy task, and that Cruse’s effort shone through. White also allowed that since those who submitted to Gay Comix would be presumed gay or bisexual, Cruse had a smaller than average pool or comic artists to draw from. White summed up his review by saying that Cruse “must deal with more obstacles than usual, and for that reason his achievements thus far in Gay Comix deserve to be applauded.”

Historical significance
Gay Comix was “one of the first undergrounds to look at life from a gay and lesbian perspective.” It aimed to and succeeded in showing gay and lesbian people in as normal a light as anyone else. According to Cruse, “we wanted to reflect the feelings real people have. Gay people have been presented stereotypically so much you’d never know that we’re perfectly normal people.”

Also historically significant is that Alison Bechdel, one of the most well-known lesbian comic artists alive saw Gay Comix as an inspiration for her own work. In the Comics Journal No. 282, Bechdel says: "I got out of college in 1981 and went into a gay and lesbian bookstore one day and found an issue of Gay Comix- I think it was the first one, that Howard Cruse had edited- and that was pretty mindblowing. It hadn't occurred to me at that point to put together my penchant for silly drawings with my personal life and my political interest in gay and lesbian issues, but there were these people who were doing it: Howard Cruse and Roberta Gregory and all those early Gay Comix artists...I'm very grateful to them for all that groundbreaking work.

See also
 Wimmen's Comix
 Meatmen

Notes

References

 Emmert, Lynn. “Life Drawing” The Comics Journal, No. 282. Edited by Gary Goth. Fantagraphics Books. 2007. 36-54.
 Mescallado, Ray. “From Sincerity to Sitcom.” The Comics Journal, No. 151, edited by Gary Groth. Fantagraphics Books, 1992. 30-32.
 Ringgenberg, Steve. “Sexual Politics and Comic Art: An Interview with Howard Cruse.” The Comics Journal, No. 111, edited by Gary Groth. Fantagraphics Books, 1986. 64-96.
 Schreiner, Dave. “Coming out and Falling Out.” Kitchen Sink Press: The First 25 Years. Kitchen Sink Press, 1994. 53.
 Sherman, Bill. “Coming Out and Going Out.” The Comics Journal, No. 62, edited by Gary Groth. Fantagraphics Books, 1981. 92-94.
 White, Ted. “It All Boils Down to the Editor.” The Comics Journal, No. 83, edited by Gary Groth. Fantagraphics Books, 1983. 31-45.

Comics magazines published in the United States
LGBT-related comics
1980 comics debuts
1998 comics endings
Underground comix


Jean Edouard Alfred Joseph Marois (November 5, 1924 – January 3, 1996) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played three games in the National Hockey League: one with the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1943, and two with the Chicago Black Hawks in 1953. Marois served with the Canadian Forces from 1944 to 1945. He spent the majority of his career, which lasted from 1943 to 1955, with the Quebec Aces of the Quebec Senior Hockey League. He was born in Quebec City, Quebec and died in 1996 in Saint-Antoine-de-Tilly.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

References

External links

1924 births
1996 deaths
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Canadian military personnel of World War II
Chicago Blackhawks players
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Quebec City
French Quebecers
Providence Reds players
Quebec Aces (QSHL) players
Shawinigan-Falls Cataracts (QSHL) players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Toronto St. Michael's Majors players


Vĩnh Thạnh is a rural district (huyện) of Bình Định province in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam. The district capital is Vĩnh Thạnh town.

Administrative areas

Vinh Thanh district has 9 administrative units, the town of Vinh Thanh (the district capital) and 8 communes: Vinh Hao, Vinh Hiep, Vinh Hoa, Vinh Kim, Vinh Quang, Vinh Son, Vinh Thinh,  Vinh Thuan.

References

Districts of Bình Định province


Dorcas Opoku Dakwa (born 3 December 1980), known professionally as Abrewa Nana, is a Ghanaian singer, songwriter, dancer and former Idol series judge.

Early life and education
Nana's parents are Isaac Dakwa and Juliana Blankson. The name "Abrewa" literally means "old woman" in the Akan language, her mother tongue. She adopted this as her stage name partly because she had been named after her grandmother. Raised mostly by her single mother, Nana attended primary school in Accra and Aggrey Memorial Senior High School, before studying Business Accounting at the Takoradi Polytechnic. As a teenager, she idolized Mariah Carey and Aaliyah, but was introduced to hiplife – a combination of hip hop and African highlife – as a student in polytechnic, and began to compose her own lyrics.

Musical career
Following the recording of her demo, Nana became a favorite among radio DJs, and her collaboration with Sass Squad Tuma received huge airplay. However, it was her first album Sagoa, in 2000, that launched her to national fame. She earned three nominations at the Ghana Music Awards for Female Artiste of the Year, Rap Song of the Year, and New Artiste of the Year. In 2001, Nana won an award for hiplife Song of the Year and was named Best Female Vocalist in 2002. That same year, Nana released her second album African Girl, and was named Best Female Artiste of the Year at the Ghana Music Awards UK the following year. Her third album Maba followed in 2004. Nana is also a dancer and famous for her heavily choreographed videos. Nana has shared a stage with artists such as Akon, 2Face and Tony Tetuila
Nana has since used her position to criticize local DJs who favor foreign artists over African performers, and has spoken of the difficulty Ghanaians face when breaking into the music industry, including payola.

Idols West Africa
In 2007, it was announced that Nana would be a judge on Idols West Africa, alongside the Nigerian Dede Mabiaku and the American Dan Foster; at twenty-seven, she was one of the youngest judges in Idols' history. She advised contestants during the event to remember "to have a style of their own". Nana also said contestants to "remember it is a competition, and you can win or lose but whether you winner or not, follow your dream".

References

Living people
1982 births


Child migration or "children in migration or mobility" (sometimes more generally "children on the move") is the movement of people ages 3–18 within or across political borders, with or without their parents or a legal guardian, to another country or region. They may travel with or without legal travel documents. They may arrive to the destination country as refugees, asylum seekers, or economic migrants.

Reasons for migration
The motivations for children to migrate are as diverse as the individuals who migrate. They include economic reasons, educational aspirations, reasons related to gender or culture, personal motivations as well as emergencies, natural disasters, persecution and humanitarian crises. Some children leave in search of better opportunities while others escape violence, exploitation, abuse or conflict. Multiple reasons often coincide. When parents migrate or separate, children may move to another place or country with one or both parents, or they might be left behind by their parents and are then indirectly affected by migration.

Rights of children in migration and mobility

The right to be heard
The right to be heard is a child rights principle as defined by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. According to Article 12 of the convention, children have the right to express their views in all matters affecting them, and their views have to be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. This right applies equally to children's participation in social and political matters as well as in judicial and administrative proceedings. As a general principle, the child's right to be heard reflects the concept of children's ‘agency’, viewing children not only as vulnerable persons in need of special protection, but also as informed decision makers, rights holders and active members of society.

Many children are reluctant to share information with the authorities in the country of destination due to fears that disclosing information might not be in their interest and that telling their story might lead to being returned to their country of origin. Children might have been instructed by third persons to reveal only certain parts of their story, there might be threats and fears of reprisals involved, and the child might not trust the police and local authorities will be able to protect them. A reception system that demonstrates respect and upholds the dignity of the child can achieve to foster a sense of trust in the child towards the officials and professionals whom she or he meets with. Interpreters might influence the information gathering process in asylum procedures and criminal investigations as they affect how the child's story is being understood and perceived. Inaccurate translation might compromise the child's statement, leading to decisions on the basis of incorrect information. This relates not only to the content translated but also to the style and semantic choices made by the child and how the interpreters convey the message.

Best interests’ assessment and determination
Best interests is defined in Article 3 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which says that “in all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration”. Assessing the best interests of a child means to evaluate and balance “all the elements necessary to make a decision in a specific situation for a specific individual child or group of children”. The right of the child to have her or his best interests taken as a primary consideration means that the child's interests have high priority and are not just one of several considerations. The assessment is specific to the child as an individual, making it important to establish a trust-based relationship with the child and to communicate effectively in a language that the girl or boy understands. The assessments ideally involves a multi-disciplinary team of qualified professionals.

Risk and resilience assessments are a central component of the best interests’ determination process because they consider the context of the countries of destination and origin and also how the risks and resiliency of the child will change on the basis of any decision taken.

In transnational cases, a comprehensive best interests’ assessment and determination process considers the following:

 Establishing the child's identity and the identity of any accompanying persons and the quality of their relations
 Case assessment, including the following components:
 Hearing the child
 Assessment of the child's situation, background and needs
 Social situation and family assessment
 Gathering evidence including through forensic examinations and interviews with the child
 Risk and security assessments
 Mapping sources of support, skills, potentials and resources for empowerment
 Developing a life project
 Comprehensive child impact assessment of any potential decisions
 Identification of a durable solution
 Continued assessments during the implementation of the durable solution with due follow-up, review and monitoring, and adjustments to the durable solution arrangements, if and as required, according to the best interests of the child

In the country of Ghana, there is a topic focused on the education comparison between migrant and non-migrant students. It is shown that the non-migrant students received more attention, and therefore, scored higher than the migrant students. More attention needs to be shown to the migrants just as much as its shown to all the other students.

Right to non-discrimination: Status, access and jurisdiction
The Convention on the Rights of the Child affords a broad protection from discrimination and the essential and equal inalienable rights afforded to all human beings. It  stipulates that States Parties shall respect and ensure the rights set forth in the convention to each child within their jurisdiction without discrimination of any kind, irrespective of the child's or his or her parents' or legal guardian's race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status.

The rights afforded under the Convention apply to non-national children, regardless of their immigration status or the migration status of their parents. This includes children who are visiting, refugees, children of migrant workers and undocumented children. The right to non-discrimination entitles each child to immediate assistance and support while the situation of the child and her or his best interests are being assessed. Non-discrimination does not imply that a child is granted an automatic permit of stay, but that a decision is taken on the basis of the best interests’ determination, whether a child shall be returned or whether the country of destination assumes jurisdiction over the child.

While assessing the child’s case and situation, state authorities have a responsibility to clarify which state has the jurisdiction over a child and, if required and appropriate, transfer or establish jurisdiction in the country of destination. When jurisdiction over a non-national child remains unclear, the child risks staying in a state of uncertainty and might benefit only from temporary services and protection measures, until the child’s status is fully regularised or the child returns to the country holding jurisdiction. Common factors that affect jurisdiction include:
 There could be a case pending at court in which the child is involved,
 Social services in another country may have been monitoring the child and her or his family;
 The child’s situation may have been under law enforcement investigations in another country, including where child trafficking is suspected;
 The child may have handed in an asylum application in another country;
 The child may be registered as a ‘missing child’ abroad.

Development
The rights of the child to life, survival and development is afforded under Article 6 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. These rights are recognized by

States and are related to survival, security and health as a precondition for physical development as well as the mental, spiritual, moral, intellectual, cognitive, emotional and sociology-cultural development of the child. This is in effort to ensure the maximum survival, growth and potential of the child.

The quality of care has a direct effect on a child's development. Promoting the child's developmental rights and needs means enabling her to grow up in her family of origin or in a family-based or family-like alternative care placement, wherever this is in the best interests of the child. The care arrangements and access to quality services for health and education are important when assessing the child's developmental needs.

The following factors are relevant when assessing the development needs of a child (with reference to the relevant articles under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child):
 The right to preserve her or his identity, including nationality, name and family relations (Article 8);
 The continuity in the child's care and upbringing, with due regard to the child's ethnic, religious, cultural and linguistic background (Article 20);
 The right of the child to enjoy the highest attainable standard of health (Article 24);
 The right of every child to a standard of living adequate to the child's physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development (Article 27);
 Access to education (Articles 28 and 29);
 The right of the child to rest and leisure, to engage in play and recreational activities appropriate to her or his age (Article 31).

Access to justice

Children and justice in transnational cases
Children on the move sometimes are affected by or are in conflict with the law, including with cross-border family disputes and matters of parental responsibility and contact, as asylum seekers or victims of crime and, in some cases, as children who are in conflict with the law for immigration matters or for illegal and criminal matters. Some children in conflict with the law are actually victims of crime. International and European law provide for clear standards regulating the treatment, rights and entitlement of children in contact with the judiciary, as victims, defendants or perpetrators of crime.

Child victims of crime
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child prohibits the exploitation of children in any form and in any context (Articles 19, 32-36). Any child who is exposed to violence, exploitation or abuse can be considered a victim of crime and enjoys the correlated rights and entitlements, including access to assistance, protection and support, services for recovery and rehabilitation, access to justice, with due procedural safeguards in any related legal or administrative proceedings. Children at risk of exploitation should be identified as being at risk and referred to assistance and support in order to prevent their exploitation or any other harm.

Children exploited in illegal and criminal activities
An important safeguard for child victims of crime is the ‘non-punishment clause’. It means that child victims of criminal offences, including human trafficking, are to be protected from sanctions or prosecution for acts that they committed in relation to their situation as victims. The non-punishment clause protects children who are exploited in illegal or criminal activities and child victims of exploitation and/or trafficking who were forced to enter a country without valid travel documents.

The UN Guidelines on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime emphasis that “children who are victims and witnesses may suffer additional hardship if mistakenly viewed as offenders when they are in fact victims and witnesses.”  The Guidelines say child victims should be protected from prosecution irrespective of any form of ‘consent’ or their active involvement in an offence and irrespective of the child's age in relation to national laws defining the age of criminal liability. A child victim should be considered and treated as such “... regardless of their role in the offence or in the prosecution of the alleged offender or groups of offenders”.

The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking and the UNICEF Guidelines on the Protection of Child Victims of Trafficking reiterate the right to non-criminalisation specifically in relation to the situation of victims of trafficking who are to be protected from criminal liability for “any criminal offence that was a direct result from being trafficked”.  This provision is further strengthened by the non-punishment clause of the 2011 EU Anti-trafficking Directive and the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings, and is therefore made binding upon States Parties: “Each Party shall, in accordance with the basic principles of its legal system, provide for the possibility of not imposing penalties on victims for their involvement in unlawful activities, to the extent that they have been compelled to do so.” (Article 26).

When a non-national child is in conflict with the law and there are no indications that the child has been exploited in illegal activities or has otherwise been victimized, the same standards of juvenile justice applies to national children.

Right to consular assistance
Children who are outside of their country of residence have a right to assistance by embassies and consular offices representing their country. Consular staff can play an important role in supporting and assisting children abroad, establishing supportive contacts and referral, and mobilizing help. Consular staff may contact central authorities or national contact points for technical advice in cases involving children. Under the 1963 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of the United Nations, consular functions include helping and assisting nationals of the sending state. This could involve measures to safeguard the interests of children who are nationals of the sending State within the limits imposed by the laws and regulations of the receiving State, particularly when a guardian needs to be appointed. The authorities of the country of destination must inform the competent consular office without delay when the appointment of a guardian for a child is considered. The laws and regulations of the receiving State concerning the appointment of a guardian apply and are not affected by the information sharing with the relevant consular offices.

Migration and mobility within the European Union
All individuals, including parents, families with children and unaccompanied children, enjoy freedom of movement within the European area. In the European area of freedom of movement, citizens of EU Member States and the EFTA States Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland are entitled to enter and reside in other EU Member States for a period of up to three months without registration and are granted a permit to stay when they can demonstrate an income. The rights of children as unaccompanied migrants in the European area of freedom of movement are not explicitly defined and the related institutional responsibilities remain unclear. The way that national governments interpret and regulate the rules of freedom of movement for unaccompanied children under 18 years of age differs among the countries.

Asylum
The UN UN Refugee Convention and its Protocol regulate the right of persons to seek international protection. Children enjoy special safeguards and have a right to have their asylum application examined individually. Child-specific grounds of persecution need to be considered irrespective of whether the child applies alone or together with a parent or caregiver. The European Union Member States have re-elaborated these standards for the EU context and have adopted a series of Directives regulating the qualification and reception conditions of asylum seekers in the EU as well as asylum procedures and matters of return.

Vulnerability
Children on the move are routinely referred to as ‘vulnerable’ although the meaning of the term has not been defined or clarified for the child protection context. Vulnerability is often understood as a deficit and equated with weakness and a need of protection. From a child rights-based approach, vulnerability refers to the limited chances of a child to fully exercise her or his rights as afforded under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Existing definitions of vulnerability that are in use in the context of poverty reduction, health and nutrition can be useful in the child protection context.

Safe migration
Some children migrate well-protected and cared for and some succeed to achieve the goals that motivated their journeys. When migration is safe and successful, children have opportunities to increase their well-being, to access higher-quality services and to benefit from better education. Safe migration opportunities can support children significantly in their transition into adulthood and an independent life. They will have improved life chances, including in their transition into adulthood and the labor market, with better working conditions, higher salaries and an increased potential to contribute proactively to their communities and societies, in countries of origin and destination. Children and young adults might support their families through remittances and support the development of their communities of origin.

Risks for children in migration
For children who migrate to escape difficult living situations, violence or conflict, migration can constitute an opportunity to reduce risks. Others encounter more severe risks during migration or at the place of destination. Some groups of children are vulnerable to exploitation and abuse, including trafficking, because of weak social safety nets. The risks a child is exposed to are often closely intertwined and are considered cumulative. A child who is already living in a vulnerable situation, such as poverty, abuse or school-drop out, is considered even more vulnerable when additional risks come in, such as exploitative relationships or risky migration.

Many child migrants are exposed to harm during the journey and at destination. Children face violence, exploitation and abuse at the hands of people they encounter in transit and at destination, including employers, transporters, smugglers and traffickers. They might experience significant levels of indifference or abuse by state officials, including police, border guards, immigration officials and staff in reception or detention facilities. Some migrants die on the journey from dehydration, malnourishment, suffocation or transportation accidents or drown at sea.

Unsafe migration conditions, by their nature, create risks for children. In addition to experiencing acts of violence, children risk to come into conflict with the law if they travel without the required documents, if they engage in illegal or criminal activities to make a living, or if they are persuaded or forced by others to do so. In situations of habitual mobility or circular migration, such conditions can influence the well-being, safety and development significantly of the child.

Exploitation
Children on the move are at risk of different forms of exploitation. They include sexual exploitation in prostitution and pornography, traveling sex offenders through web-cams, child abuse images and illegal content on the internet. Exploitation takes place in child labour and domestic work, as au-pairs, in factories, construction, asphalt laying, restaurants and cleaning industries, agriculture and berry picking and in begging. There are also transnational cases of early and forced marriage of children. The exploitation of children could be organised by families, small groups or large-scale criminal networks. Children are exploited also in illegal and criminal activities, including in drug production and drug trafficking, pick-pocketing or burglary.  Child victims of trafficking are also increasingly used by traffickers for purposes such as begging, benefit fraud, identity fraud, credit fraud and insurance fraud.

Trafficking
Child trafficking is defined in the UN Trafficking Protocol of 2000 as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation. While this definition applies only to transnational cases and/or cases involving organized criminal groups, child trafficking is now typically recognized well outside these parameters. The International Labour Organization expands definition to include movement and exploitation as key aspects of child trafficking.

Victims of transnational trafficking might cross borders with or without legal travel documents and with or without the assistance of smugglers. Persons are often recruited into trafficking only after they have crossed an international border. In many cases, trafficking takes place within countries and there are no border crossings involved. The UN Trafficking Protocol of 2000 considers the means of trafficking and the consent of the child to any of the trafficking acts as irrelevant in the identification of a trafficking victim. Forms of exploitation that could constitute trafficking include, “at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs”.

Child trafficking can be prosecuted when it is possible to prove the intent to exploit the child, even when exploitation has not yet taken place. Varying interpretations sometimes make it difficult to distinguish child trafficking from other types of exploitation.

Definitions of child trafficking in Europe
The Council of Europe Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings (2005) adopted the international definition, identical in wording, underlining however that victims shall be protected also in cases where trafficking takes place within countries and without the involvement of large-scale organised crime groups.

The EU Anti-Trafficking Directive (2011) broadened the notion of exploitation in the trafficking concept. It explicitly includes the purpose of exploitation in criminal activities as part of the definition of human trafficking. Article 2.3 clarifies that the “‘exploitation of criminal activities’ should be understood as the exploitation of a person to commit, inter alia, pick-pocketing, shop-lifting, drug trafficking and other similar activities which are subject to penalties and imply financial gain”. The Directive states that “the exploitation of begging, including the use of a trafficked dependent person for begging, falls within the scope of the definition of trafficking in human beings only when all the elements of forced labour or services occur”.

Smuggling
The United Nations Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air defines human smuggling as the “procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit of the illegal entry of a person into a State Party of which the person is not a national or a permanent resident”.  A smuggler facilitates the border crossing of others without the required travel documents and for financial or other gain. Once a smuggler has facilitated the border crossing or ensured the migrant's arrival at the agreed destination, the contact between the smuggler and the smuggled migrants usually ceases. The smuggling of persons across international borders can be part of the act of trafficking when it is done for the purpose of exploiting the persons in the country of destination. Although smuggling is considered a crime against the state, persons who are using the services of smugglers might be victimised by acts of violence while being smuggled or they might die due to unsafe transportation conditions.

Sale of children

The sale of children means any act or transaction whereby a child is transferred by any person or group of persons to another for remuneration or any other consideration. While trafficking could involve the purchase and sale of persons, the sale of children may lead to exploitation but does not necessarily have to. Children are sometimes sold in illegal adoptions, for instance. Children are also sold for sexual exploitation or labour. In these cases, there may be an overlap between trafficking and sale as two criminal acts within a single case.

Migration and sustainable development
The link between migration and development have been widely recognised. Migration is directly relevant to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. According to current demographic trends, the populations in richer countries will continue to age disproportionately while the younger generations are overrepresented in lower income countries, causing strain on the labour market, social security, education and nutrition.

Migration can mitigate these population imbalances on both ends. It has a potential to increase the work force and strengthen the younger generations in numbers where needed. This would mean increased contributions to the social welfare systems in higher income countries of destination and a reduced strain on the social welfare systems in countries of origin with high poverty and unemployment rates. Migration and mobility policies should ideally facilitate a mutual exchange of knowledge, capacity and human resources while preventing one directional movements and brain drain. Seen from this point of view, migration holds potential benefits for poverty reduction and for fostering more equitable and sustainable global development.  The linkages between migration and development have implications for policy and practice in these areas and relevant measures need to be coordinated in countries of destination and origin.

From a human rights-based and development oriented perspective, countries of origin and destination share the responsibility for managing migration. Maximising the good developments and minimising the risks from migration could include developing the human capital of migrants and investing in migration management cooperation between countries of origin and destination in social, economic and political terms.

History of child migration by country

Australia
During the  late 19th and early 20th centuries, many Aboriginal Australian children were removed from their families and placed in institutions and foster homes, in what became known as the Stolen Generations.

130,000 children were migrated to Australia under assisted child migration schemes from Great Britain alone, with a small number from Malta. Child migrants were adopted or brought up in children's homes, institutions, orphanages or foster care. A large portion of these children were used in slave labour by the churches in Australia. Many of these children experienced neglect and abuse while in institutional care.

In November 2009 Australian Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd formally apologized to "Forgotten Australians" and child migrants on behalf of the nation. "Forgotten Australians" is a term the Australian Senate has used to describe children who were brought up in orphanages, children's homes, institutions or foster care in Australia. Child migrants are a specific group of "Forgotten Australians".

Bulgaria
Child migration was a phenomenon associated with the migration of Bulgarian market-gardeners to Austria-Hungary in the second half of 19th and early 20th Century, due to the use of child labor (mostly boys) in market-gardening. Child labor brought master gardeners the biggest profit since children did not get paid but worked as apprentices for their keep only. Younger children helped in the gardens and learned gardening skills, while those who were already physically strong performed specialized gardening activities. Different patterns of child migration can be distinguished based on the autobiographies and personal life stories of market-gardeners: children who migrated with their market-gardening parents as a family or those of market-gardeners who were born abroad; children who migrated with one of the parents (usually the market-gardening father) or with relatives of the market-gardening father so as to “learn the craft”; children who migrated with their market-gardening parents as a family, then the parents returned to their homeland with the younger children, while the older child was left abroad to work “on a garden” and make his own living, thus supporting his family financially.

Canada

The Canadian Indian residential school system, founded in the 19th century, was intended to force the assimilation of the Aboriginal peoples in Canada into European-Canadian society. The last residential school was closed in 1996. On June 11, 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologized, on behalf of the sitting Cabinet, in front of an audience of Aboriginal delegates, and in an address that was broadcast nationally on the CBC, for the past governments' policies of assimilation.
In 2009, Pope Benedict XVI expressed his sorrow at "the anguish caused by the deplorable conduct of some members of the Church" and offered his "sympathy and prayerful solidarity".

Malta
310 children were emigrated from Malta to Australia between 1950 and 1965 under the ‘Child Migration to Australia Scheme’ following an agreement between the Australian Catholic Immigration committee and the Emigration and Labour Minister on 9 December 1949. Most of the Maltese children sent to Australia under this scheme came either from government orphanages or Church children's homes and all were said to have left with their parents’ consent. The Australian government had offered to welcome Maltese boys, aged between eight and 11, and girls aged between five and 10 years into Catholic institutions and promised to offer them employment supervised by the responsible Catholic authorities. One of these children became a priest and many others embarked on a career though many grew up hurt knowing that their parents had consented to their departure from home. The Maltese emigrants were included in the Australian Prime Minister's 2009 public apology to those who suffered abuse at the hands of their carers in institutions, orphanages and foster care.

Mandatory Palestine
During World War II, thousands of unaccompanied minors from Jewish families in Nazi-occupied Europe were transported to relative safety in Mandatory Palestine (now Israel).

United Kingdom

The practice of sending poor or orphaned children to the English settler colonies, to help alleviate the shortage of labour, began in England in 1618, with the rounding-up and transportation of 100 vagrant children to the Virginia Colony. Prior to the second half of the twentieth century, the Home Children programme was seen as a way to move impoverished children to a "better life" in Australia, Canada and elsewhere, also providing good "white stock" to former colonies.  The children and parents were not consulted, and often siblings were separated. In total 130,000 children were sent from the United Kingdom to Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), and Australia.  Often children were lied to about their parents being dead and many faced abuse in their new homes. In February 2010 British Prime Minister, Gordon Brown issued an official apology for the 'shameful' child resettlement programme and announced a £6 million fund designed to compensate the families affected by the "misguided" programme. The Child Migrants Trust has since set up the Family Restoration Fund in order to use this money to help reunite former child migrants with their families as part of the British government's package of support to former child migrants and their families.

During the Second World War, some 3.5 million children were evacuated from areas at risk of aerial bombing to rural locations. (see Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II.)

Also during World War II, nearly 10,000 unaccompanied minors from Jewish families in Nazi-occupied Europe were transported to safety in the UK.

A study completed in 2012 by the University of Oxford's Centre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS) led by Dr Nando Sigona has shed light on the situation of children with no right to live in the United Kingdom. The study, 'No way out, no way in: Irregular migrant children and families in the UK', estimates a population of 120,000 children without status, of whom 65,000 were born in the UK to parents with no right to live in the country.

United States
During the 19th century there were a number of attempts to move children from crowded east coast cities to midwestern and western rural families & orphanages. Most famous was the orphan train movement. Additionally Native American children were separated from their families & sent to boarding schools to force them into assimilating western culture.

Finland
During the Second World War, when Finland was at war with Russia, about 70 000 Finnish children were transported by train and boat mainly to Sweden, but also to Norway and Denmark. These children are commonly referred to as war children. By the end of the war, thousands of children were adopted by their "new" parents.

See also
Unaccompanied minor
Transnational child protection
List of international and European law on child protection and migration
Right to be heard
Best interests
Child trafficking
Anchor child
Kindertransport

External links
National Archives - Child migration
Website of the Child Migrants Trust
Adoption & Forgotten Australians
Inside: Life Inside Children's Homes and Institutions, National Museum of Australia
Inside: Life Inside Children's Homes and Institutions exhibition blog, National Museum of Australia
Forgotten Australians: Our history - Australian Government website which includes oral histories, resources and photographs
Child migration, child labor and school attainment

References

Migration
Institutional abuse
Human migration
Legal doctrines and principles
Child custody
Children's rights
Family law
Social work


Maigret in Retirement (French: Maigret se fâche) is a 1947 detective novel by the Belgian mystery writer Georges Simenon featuring Jules Maigret.

Synopsis

Two years into his retirement at Meung-sur-Loire, Maigret has yet to be tempted to take on a case. But 82-year-old Bernadette Amorelle, the widow of Amorelle of Amorelle and Campois, the major gravel and barge company on the Seine, shows up at his door and virtually orders him to Orsennes, where her 18-year-old granddaughter, Monita Malik, has been found dead in the Seine. Maigret arrives and finds an old acquaintance from his days at lycée in Moulins, Ernest Malik, who they'd called "The Tax Collector" after his father's occupation, the sort of man Maigret instinctively disliked. It is made clear that Maigret's presence in Orsennes is unwelcome, but Maigret is intrigued by the apparent disappearance of Malik's younger son, Georges-Henry Malik.

Maigret returns to Paris to investigate further and to enlist the services of Mimile, an old circus hand, with whose help he rescues the boy from the cellar his father has imprisoned him in. The mystery is finally unraveled when Bernadette shoots and kills her son-in-law Ernest, and Maigret returns to hear her story. Malik had been a gambler, and enticed Désiré Campois' son, Roger Campois, into gambling way over his head, until he committed suicide, thus freeing Amorelle's daughter from her engagement, and giving Ernest room to marry into the family. He was more intrigued by the younger daughter, Aimée Amorelle, who bore his child, Monita, but not before he had brought his younger brother, Charles Malik, in to marry Aimée, eventually forcing Old Campois from power, and conquering all but Bernadette. The daughter, Monita, had learned the secret, and shared it with Georges-Henry.

Publication history
This Maigret story was first published in French in 38 instalments in the newspaper France-Soir between March and May 1946 and in 1947 by Presses de la Cité in book-form preceded in this same volume by the short-story La pipe de Maigret.
It was translated into English by Jean Steward in 1976 and published by Hamish Hamilton in London as part of the anthology, Maigret's Christmas, and independently in the US edition published by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. In December 2015, this novel was reissued in English by Penguin under the title Maigret Gets Angry (), newly translated by Ros Schwartz.

Adaptations
A BBC TV version entitled The Dirty House aired on 26 November 1963. Rupert Davies played Maigret.

A French television version with Jean Richard as Maigret aired on 1 February 1969.

References

1945 Belgian novels
Maigret novels
Presses de la Cité books


The New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards were created by the New Jersey State Board of Education in 1996 as the framework for education in New Jersey's public schools and clearly define what all students should know and be able to accomplish at the end of thirteen years of public education. Each subject is broken down for each of the grade levels. These subjects include visual and performing arts, comprehensive health and physical education, language arts literacy, mathematics, science, social studies, world languages, technological literacy, and career education and consumer, family, and life skills.

The standards are updated and revised as necessary every five years. In 2016, the Core Curriculum Content Standards were combined with a revised version of the Common Core State Standards and renamed the New Jersey Student Learning Standards.

References

Sources
http://www.state.nj.us/education/cccs/

1996 establishments in New Jersey
Education in New Jersey


Lagh Doss is a lake at San Bernardino in the Val Mesolcina of the Grisons, Switzerland. It is located at an elevation of 1652 m. The site is listed in the Federal Inventory of Raised and Transitional Bogs of National Importance.

Doss
Doss
Protected areas of Switzerland
Rheinwald


Well Dunn, also known as the Southern Rockers, was a professional wrestling tag team who competed in several promotions in the United States. The team was composed of Rex King and Steve Doll, and the team name "Well Dunn" was a play on the term "well done". Accordingly, King wrestled as "Timothy Well" and Doll as "Steven Dunn". King and Doll held championships in Pacific Northwest Wrestling (PNW), the United States Wrestling Association (USWA), the World Wrestling Council (WWC), and Music City Wrestling (MCW).

They are best known, however, for competing in the World Wrestling Federation from 1993 to 1995. In the WWF, Well Dunn faced the promotion's top tag teams and were contenders for the WWF Tag Team Championship. They had a feud with The Bushwhackers that lasted for most of Well Dunn's tenure with the company. The team disbanded in 1996, but reunited briefly in 1998. During this reunion, Doll attacked King and the team separated permanently. Doll died from complications related to a blood clot in 2009, and King died in 2017 from kidney failure.

History

Early years
Prior to teaming with Rex King, Steve Doll competed in Pacific Northwest Wrestling with partner Scott Peterson as the Southern Rockers. The team was fashioned after The Rock 'n' Roll Express, and Doll and Peterson held the NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship together seven times. In August 1989, Peterson left the territory and King began teaming with Doll. They won the tag team title by defeating Scotty the Body and The Grappler on August 26. After an inconclusive rematch on September 9, the title was vacated and another rematch was ordered; the Southern Rockers regained the belts one week later. They held the title until PNW ordered it vacated again on November 4 after a match against Brian Adams and Jeff Warner; once again, Doll and King won a rematch the following week to regain the championship. They dropped the title to Adams and The Grappler on December 14, but regained the belts by winning a rematch on January 27, 1990.

In February 1990, the Southern Rockers vacated the championship and left PNW. They began competing for the United States Wrestling Association, where they quickly won the USWA World Tag Team Championship. Three days after winning the title belts, King and Doll dropped them to Robert Fuller and Brian Lee. They regained them six days later, however. On April 28, they lost the title to The Uptown Posse, but were able to regain it less than a month later. On June 2, King competed in a handicap match, in which he faced The Dirty White Boys (Tony Anthony and Tom Burton). Unable to defeat both men, he lost the match and the championship.

Doll returned to PNW, where he held the tag team title another seven times with various partners. King remained in Tennessee, winning the USWA World Tag Team Championship with Joey Maggs. He later moved to Puerto Rico, where he wrestled for the World Wrestling Council. With Ricky Santana as his new partner, he held the WWC World Tag Team Championship twice. The team separated in May 1992 when Santana did not appear for a match to determine the winners of the vacant tag team title.

Scott Peterson died in a motorcycle accident on July 25, 1994, at 31 years old.

Reunion
In June 1992, Doll and King reunited to win the WWC World Tag Team Championship from Doug Masters and Ron Starr. On August 1, the title was vacated due to a controversial finish in a match against a tag team known as Solid Gold. King replaced Doll with Ray González to win the vacant title. The team got back together again in the USWA, where they defeated The Moondogs to win the tag team belts for a fourth time together.

Due to an interpromotional agreement between the USWA and the World Wrestling Federation, Doll and King wrestled at several events alongside WWF wrestlers. While in Tennessee, the team showed a "blatant disregard for the rules" and were involved in a storyline in which they were suspended indefinitely from the USWA as a result.

World Wrestling Federation

1993
The team signed with the WWF and took on the new name Well Dunn, with Doll competing as Steven Dunn and King wrestling under the name Timothy Well. They wore bow ties in addition to wrestling singlets with thongs over top. This led wrestling author RD Reynolds to state that the team was "proof positive that bow ties and thongs do not match". On June 15, 1993, they wrestled in their first official WWF match and defeated the team of Tito Santana and Virgil. It was in the WWF that Well Dunn "first experienced widespread fame". In the WWF, they continued to wrestle as heels (rule breakers) and were described as "among the sneakiest and most cunning" teams in the promotion.
The team made its WWF television debut on the July 8, 1993, episode of WWF Superstars in a loss to The Smoking Gunns. They teamed with Blake Beverly in a loss to Tatanka and The Steiner Brothers on July 16. They continued to face the WWF's top face (fan favorite) tag teams, including The Smoking Gunns and Men on a Mission.

In August, manager Harvey Wippleman began appearing with the team. On the October 10 episode of All-American Wrestling, they defeated Smoky Mountain Wrestling Tag Team Champions The Rock 'n' Roll Express by countout, but did not win the championship. On October 8, 1993, Well Dunn wrestled their first match against The Bushwhackers, who became the team's longtime rivals. During a match against Men on a Mission, Timothy Well sustained an injury. This forced the team out of action in the WWF for several months, although they did return to competing in Tennessee.

1994–1995

In February 1994, through Jim Cornette, Well Dunn was sent to Smoky Mountain Wrestling. While there, they feuded with The Thrillseekers (Chris Jericho and Lance Storm), which culminated in a series of penalty box matches.

Upon their return to the WWF, Well Dunn had a short series of matches against WWF Tag Team Champions The Headshrinkers, including a match televised on WWF Wrestling Challenge. Well Dunn became involved in a storyline in which Adam Bomb, who was also managed by Wippleman, turned on the manager and began wrestling as a face. On the August 13 episode of WWF Superstars, Well wrestled a singles match against Bomb; Dunn interfered, and Bomb attacked Well Dunn and Wippleman after the match. This led to a blow off match one week later, in which Bomb teamed with The Smoking Gunns to defeat Kwang (another of Wippleman's wrestlers) and Well Dunn. On August 17, the team also served as lumberjacks in a lumberjack match between Bret and Owen Hart.

Well Dunn continued to face the top teams in the WWF, including The Smoking Gunns, The Headshrinkers, and the newly formed team of Sparky Plugg and the 1-2-3 Kid. When The Smoking Gunns were unable to compete due to the birth of Billy Gunn's son, Well Dunn competed against The Heavenly Bodies instead; these matches were unusual, as they pitted heel tag teams against each other. As in 1993, Well Dunn lost more matches than they won in each series, but they had occasional victories against established tag teams and were often booked to defeat jobber tag teams.

On September 29, Well Dunn began another series of matches against The Bushwhackers. The feud lasted the remainder of the year, although Barry Horowitz substituted for Steven Dunn in several matches when Dunn was unable to appear. The Bushwhackers were victorious in the majority of matches, but Well Dunn won occasional matches. One of these matches was featured on the Coliseum Video release Wham Bam Bodyslam, and another two were televised on Monday Night Raw. During one of the Monday Night Raw matches, The Bushwhackers were accompanied by ring announcer Howard Finkel, who had a long-standing rivalry with Wippleman. Finkel and Wippleman had an argument during the match that led to a tuxedo match, in which Finkel was declared the winner after stripping Wippleman to his underwear.

Leading up to the 1995 Royal Rumble pay-per-view, Well Dunn was entered in a tournament for the vacant WWF Tag Team Championship. They were scheduled to face The Smoking Gunns, but Bob Holly (formerly Sparky Plugg) and the 1-2-3 Kid took the Gunns' place; Holly and the 1-2-3 Kid won the match and went on to win the tournament. Eliminated from the tournament, Well and Dunn competed individually in the Royal Rumble match, a battle royal. Well was eliminated by Davey Boy Smith, and Dunn was eliminated by Aldo Montoya. After The Smoking Gunns regained the championship, Well Dunn challenged for the belts in a series of matches, but was unable to win the title.

Well Dunn was featured in the Dirtiest Dozen subset of the Action Packed line of WWF trading cards in 1995. The team continued to face the WWF's top tag teams, including The Bushwhackers and The Blu Brothers, but were unable to win any of these matches. The team's final WWF match came in a loss to The Allied Powers, after which Well Dunn disappeared from the WWF.

Split
After a brief tour in All Japan Pro Wrestling in January 1996, King returned to the World Wrestling Council, and Doll went to World Championship Wrestling, before going back to the United States Wrestling Association. In 1997, King returned to the USWA and teaming with Paul Diamond, feuding with Doll and Flash Flanagan. A year later, the team reunited in the Nashville, Tennessee-based Music City Wrestling, where they won the MCW North American Tag Team Championship on May 30, 1998. The reunion was short-lived, as Doll and Reno Riggins attacked King after the match. Riggins took King's place as co-holder of the title with Doll.

Deaths
On March 23, 2009, Steve Doll died when a blood clot from his lungs entered his heart. On January 9, 2017, Rex King died from kidney failure.

Championships and accomplishments
Doll and Peterson
Pacific Northwest Wrestling
NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship (7 times)

Doll and King
Music City Wrestling
MCW North American Tag Team Championship (1 time)
Pacific Northwest Wrestling
NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship (4 times)
United States Wrestling Association
USWA World Tag Team Championship (4 times)
World Wrestling Council
WWC World Tag Team Championship (1 time)

References

Smoky Mountain Wrestling teams and stables
United States Wrestling Association teams and stables
USWA World Tag Team Champions
WWE teams and stables


From a Distance is a compilation album released in 1997 by Elaine Paige.

It is primarily a compilation of material from Love Can Do That and Romance & the Stage, but also includes live performances "One Night in Bangkok" and "Bohemian Rhapsody" from Elaine Paige in Concert, as well as "From a Distance", recorded during the Love Can Do That sessions but previously only released as a B-side.

The album was released on BMG's Camden label.

Track listing

 "I Only Have Eyes for You" (Al Dubin/Harry Warren)
 "From A Distance" (Julie Gold)
 "One Night in Bangkok" (live) (Benny Andersson/Tim Rice/Björn Ulvaeus)
 "True Colours" (Tom Kelly/Billy Steinberg)
 "He's Out of My Life" (Tom Bahler)
 "Bohemian Rhapsody" (live) (Freddie Mercury)
 "If I Love You" (Toni Jolene/Jim Weatherly)
 "As Time Goes By" (Herman Hupfeld)
 "Mad About the Boy" (Noël Coward)
 "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" (Jerome Kern/Otto Harbach)
 "September Song" (Maxwell Anderson/Kurt Weill)
 "Oxygen" (Nik Kershaw)
 "Song of a Summer Night" (Frank Loesser)
 "Love Can Do That" (Diane Warren)
 "Well Almost" (Mike Chapman/Holly Knight)
 "Heart Don't Change My Mind" (Diane Warren/Robbie Buchanan)
 "Only The Very Best" (Michel Berger/Luc Plamondon/Tim Rice)
 "Grow Young" (Jimmy Webb)

References

Elaine Paige albums
1997 compilation albums


Robert Pierce (1914–1978) was an American Baptist minister and relief worker. He is best known as the founder of the international charity organizations World Vision International in 1950 and Samaritan's Purse in 1970.

Early life and education
Pierce was born on October 8, 1914, in Fort Dodge, Iowa. He moved with his family to southern California in the mid-1920s. He attended Pasadena Nazarene College and studied for the ministry. From 1937 to 1940 he spent time traveling across California working as an evangelist. In 1940 he was ordained a Baptist minister and soon thereafter he became involved with the Los Angeles branch of the WWII-era Youth for Christ (YFC) movement.

Ministry
During several visits in the late 1940s until the conclusion of the Chinese Civil War in 1950, Robert Pierce worked with the Youth for Christ, in a series of evangelical rallies held in China and witnessed the wartime destruction of hospitals, schools, and churches. On one trip, he met Tena Hoelkeboer, a missionary teacher, who presented him with a battered and abandoned child. Unable to care for the child herself, Tena asked Pierce, "What are you going to do about her?" Pierce gave the woman his last five dollars and agreed to send the same amount each month to help the woman care for the child.

He was deeply aroused by the wartime poverty and human suffering that he witnessed in both China and Korea and in 1950 he founded World Vision International, at least partly due to his associations with local pastors such as Korean Presbyterian minister Kyung-Chik Han.

In 1959 journalist Richard Gehman wrote that "[Pierce] cannot conceal his true emotions. He seems to me to be one of the few naturally, uncontrollably honest men I have ever met." Pastor Richard Halverson wrote that Pierce "prayed more earnestly and importunately than anyone else I have ever known. It was as though prayer burned within him. … Bob Pierce functioned from a broken heart."

Pierce was also a filmmaker and during his leadership World Vision used movies, shown mainly for church audiences, as the main marketing tool. Since in the worldview of Pierce Christianity was the only religion able to counter communism, these movies were full of anti-communist cold war rhetoric and promoted Christian missionizing as a way to counter communism.  With the extensive use of movies as funding tool, Bob Pierce's World Vision had together with the Salvation Army a leading role in the development of the evangelical social action movie.

Pierce was a close friend to Abraham Vereide. Like other leading figures of World Vision, e.g. Richard Halverson, Senator Frank Carlson, or later Winston Weaver he was also involved in The Fellowship and the associated prayer breakfast movement founded by Vereide for which he worked during the 1950s as a field representative.

In 1967 he resigned from World Vision. In 1970, he founded the hunger relief organization that became the evangelical Christian organization Samaritan's Purse that was modeled after the early World Vision International.

Illness and death
Pierce began having marital issues with his wife, and decided to "temporarily" move away from his family. Pierce was then diagnosed with blood cancer, which caused his wife, Lorraine, concern. In 1978, he reluctantly agreed to a last reunion with his family. Four days after the reunion, he died of leukemia.

References

1914 births
1978 deaths
American evangelicals
American humanitarians
People from Fort Dodge, Iowa
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
20th-century Baptist ministers from the United States


Susanna Gross has been literary editor of The Mail on Sunday since 1999 and bridge columnist for The Spectator since 2000.

She has played bridge in many national and international competitions and represented England in home international competition for the Lady Milne Trophy. That is the annual tournament for women s, parallel in structure to the Camrose Trophy competition for open teams.

Life
Gross was born in London and educated at the University of York. She previously worked as an editor at the Daily Mail, was features editor of Harper's Bazaar, and was deputy editor of The Week.

The daughter of literary critic and writer John Gross and literary editor Miriam Gross, and the granddaughter of humanitarian Kurt May, she is married to the novelist and critic John Preston. Her brother Tom Gross is a journalist and international affairs commentator, specialising in the Middle East.

Since her mother's remarriage, Gross is the stepdaughter of Sir Geoffrey Owen.

References

External links

 WorldCat search: Gross, Susanna – dozens or hundreds of The Spectator bridge columns have been catalogued by at least one WorldCat library
 Bridge columns by Susanna Gross in The Spectator.

1960s births
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
British literary editors
Contract bridge writers
English contract bridge players
Bridge players from London
English women journalists
Alumni of the University of York
British women columnists
English columnists
English Jews
The Spectator people
20th-century British journalists
21st-century British journalists
20th-century English non-fiction writers
21st-century English non-fiction writers
20th-century English women writers
21st-century English women writers


Normal model may refer to:

Normal distribution, a type of continuous probability distribution
A model of interpreting equality (see Interpretation (logic)#Interpreting equality)


Meera Sanyal (née Hiranandani; 15 October 1961 – 11 January 2019) was an Indian banker and politician. She served as CEO and chairperson of the Royal Bank of Scotland in India. The daughter of a highly decorated Naval officer, Vice Admiral Gulab Mohanlal Hiranandani, she was involved in banking for over 30 years before stepping down from RBS to stand as the Aam Aadmi Party candidate in South Mumbai in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, which she lost. She had earlier contested as an independent candidate in the 2009 Lok Sabha elections from the Mumbai South constituency.

She served on the board of Pradan, an Indian NGO that works to empower women through entrepreneurship and on the international board of Right to Play. She was also on the boards of Jai Hind College and the Indian Liberal Group. She was a member of various national committees at the CII and FICCI. She was the former chairperson of the Indian Advisory Board of AIESEC, the world's largest student organisation. On 11 January 2019, Sanyal died of cancer.

Early life
Sanyal was born in 1961 to Indian Navy officer, Gulab Mohanlal Hiranandani, and his wife, Banu Hiranandani; a Sindhi family who migrated from Sindh to India at the time of the Partition of India. Her father was the mastermind of Operation Trident, the crippling Naval attack on Karachi, Pakistan during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

Sanyal graduated in commerce (B.Com.) from Sydenham college Bombay in 1982 with an MBA from INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France, in 1983. She attended the six-week Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School in 2006. She was a fellow of the Chartered Institute of Bankers (UK).

Professional and public life
After a 30-year banking career, Sanyal stepped down from her position as CEO and chairperson of Royal Bank of Scotland India, in 2013, to focus on public service. During her time at the bank, she mentored the MicroFinance program, which financed over 650,000 women in rural India. She also chaired the bank's Foundation, providing livelihood assistance to 75,000 women-led households in threatened ecosystems. Her banking career was distinguished both in India and overseas. She was the head of Corporate Finance and later the COO for ABN AMRO in Asia. She also started and led the global BPO and ITes for ABN AMRO / RBS in India.

Sanyal was a board member of Pradan, a member of the International Board of Right To Play, a global NGO. She was also a board member of LiberalsIndia for Good Governance – the Indian Liberal Group, and served on the Supervisory Board of Jaihind College. She was a member of various National Committees of both FICCI and CII. In 2011, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, invited her as the sole Indian representative on her International Council on Women's Business Leadership.

She was invited to speak at global seminars including:

Climate Summit in Copenhagen
Swedish Agency for Economic & Regional Growth
Women of the Future summit in the UK
Asian Institute of Finance, Kuala Lumpur
Nikkei Summit for Asian Women Leaders, Tokyo
Global Competitiveness Summit, Seoul, Korea

Political life
Sanyal stood in 2009 as an independent candidate for the Lok Sabha elections in the aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai attacks but lost the election. Along with her husband, she campaigned and raised funds for the AAP in the 2013 Delhi elections. She was a member of AAP's National Committee on Economic Policy.

In May 2014, Sanyal contested 2014 Lok Sabha election from the Mumbai South constituency, as an Aam Aadmi Party candidate. She lost, receiving 5.2% of the vote cast in South Mumbai constituency, trailing at fourth position behind Arvind Sawant (Shiv Sena candidate, winner), Milind Deora (INC candidate) and Bala Nandgaokar (MNS candidate).

Death
On 11 January 2019, Sanyal died due to cancer after two years of treatment.

References

External links

 Banking to Politics – The Hindu
 Sanctuary Awards 2008 (archived 7 March 2009)
 Admiral Hiranandani (archived 7 September 2008)

1961 births
2019 deaths
Women in Maharashtra politics
Aam Aadmi Party candidates in the 2014 Indian general election
INSEAD alumni
Politicians from Kochi
Indian women bankers
Sindhi people
Indian bankers
Aam Aadmi Party politicians
Businesspeople from Kochi
Indian women business executives
Indian chief executives
20th-century Indian businesspeople
21st-century Indian businesspeople
21st-century Indian businesswomen
20th-century Indian businesswomen
21st-century Indian women politicians
21st-century Indian politicians
Businesswomen from Kerala
Deaths from cancer in India
Women chief executives
Sindhi Hindus


Lai Lung is a lake near Riom-Parsonz in the Grisons, Switzerland.

Lakes of Switzerland
Lakes of Graubünden
LLaiLung
Surses


Art International Radio was an online, non-profit, cultural Internet radio station and home to the Clocktower Gallery, a historic New York City alternative exhibition space. Art International Radio was directed by Alanna Heiss, the founder and former Director of P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center in Long Island City, Queens.

Mission and operation
Art International Radio was launched as AIR on January 1, 2009. The non-profit AIR is licensed by the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs in the Clocktower Gallery spaces, which AIR Director Alanna Heiss has occupied since 1972. In December 2013, after 40 years of operation from its building in Lower Manhattan, the Clocktower Gallery announced its final exhibition and plans for relocation through a year of creative collaborations with partner organizations in New York City.

AIR's programming is archived online. Programs include new music, spoken word, theater and discussions recorded both in-studio and offsite from art events worldwide such as Art Basel Miami Beach and the Venice Biennale. AIR also engaged in organizational collaborations by recording, editing and archiving public programs from various cultural groups, galleries, museums, and performing art centers.

As an extension to the radio project, gallery spaces were used for artists’ projects, workshops, community events, and as residences. In June 2010, the second exhibition at AIR's Clocktower Gallery opened; entitled The Dangerous Book Four Boys. It was the first solo exhibition of the work of actor and artist James Franco.

Clocktower Gallery
Alanna Heiss founded The Institute for Art and Urban Resources in 1971, which was devoted to creating installations in otherwise unused or overlooked spaces in New York. The Institute's debut exhibition, Under the Brooklyn Bridge, featured artists such as Carl Andre, Philip Glass, and Sol LeWitt, and was organized by Heiss with the help of the Post-Minimalist sculptor Gordon Matta Clark. In 1972, with the backing of The Institute, she created the Clocktower Gallery, located in the McKim, Mead & White building on Leonard Street and Broadway in Lower Manhattan, New York.

After the September 11th Terrorist Attacks, security procedures in this city-owned building suspended ongoing activity and exhibitions in the Clocktower Gallery. In 2004, the space became the headquarters of P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center’s Web radio station, Art Radio WPS1.org.

Building history

See 108 Leonard

The Clock Tower Office Building, formerly known as the New York Life Insurance Company Building, was constructed 1894–1898. New York City bought it in 1967 and moved the New York City Criminal Court Summons into the building. The building retains many of New York Life's original interior spaces, including a marble lobby, a 13-story stair hall, a banking hall, executive offices, and the clock tower machinery room.

The Clock Tower Building is a designated New York City Landmark, and is a part of the New York State and National Registers of Historic Places.

References

External links
Clocktower Productions (formerly The Clocktower Gallery & ARTonAIR.org)
MoMA PS1 (formerly P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center)
Managed Public Buildings, Clock Tower

Internet radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 2009
Radio stations disestablished in 2013
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Defunct mass media in New York (state)