Thyagaraja Temple (also called as Vadivudai Amman Temple) is a Hindu temple dedicated to Hindu god Shiva. It is located in Tiruvottiyur in the northern part of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The temple is revered by the Tevaram hymns of Saiva nayanars, the 7th century Tamil saint poets and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam. All the Three of Thevaram Moovar (Appar, Samandar and Sundarar) has rendered Thevaram songs in this temple. The temple is closely associated with the saint poet Sundarar and Pattinathar. The temple has been in vogue from the Pallava times of the 7th century and widely expanded by Chola kings during the 11th century. The temple has a seven tiered gateway tower, a tank, with the overall temple area covering 1 acre. The temple is administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu. The temple draws parallel with the Thygaraja temple in Tiruvarur as both the temples were expanded by Rajendra Chola I and both have the same dance poses of Shiva. The temple is one of the 51 Sakthi Peetams in the country.

The temple is also one of the Sakthi triad in the region of Tondaimandalam, the other two being the Kodiyidai Amman Temple or Masilamaniswara Temple at Thirumullaivoyal and the Thiruvudai Amman Temple or Thirumanangeeswarar Temple at Minjur.

Legend

Brahma is the Hindu god of creation and one of the three primary gods of Hinduism, the other two being Vishnu ,god of preservation and Shiva ,god of destruction .  He created the Devas(Gods) and  Asuras (Demons) and Daityas - both these groups fight against each other. While the antigods , called asuras use muscle power, the Gods called devas use the power of Veda, the sacred texts. Once, two asuras, Madhu and Kaithaba tricked the gods to steal the Veda, chopped it to pieces and hid it in the bottom of the sea. Vishnu fought the demons, but could not defeat them.  He prayed to Shiva and Parvati and with the accomplishment, he was able to defeat the demons. He took the form of Matsya, a fish to search the Veda.  The recovered Veda from the bottom of the sea was brought to the deity at this temple, who reunited and purified it. The wishing tree of gods, makizha tree, became the sacred tree of the temple.

History

The temple was the centre of learning, with the halls inside the temple acting as venue for religious discourses in subjects like vyakarna (translation), Somasiddantha (philosophy) and Panini's grammar. There was a hermitage attached to the temple during the 9th century, presided over by Caturananas Pandithar. The temple also had philosophical discourses and expositions on grammar. There are references to recital of Prabhakara, Rudra, Yamala, Purana, Sivadharma, Panchanga and Bharata.  Lands were granted to learned scholars and their generation like Vedavritti, Bhattavriti, Vaidyavritti and Archanavritti.

There are a number of inscriptions inside the temple dating back to Pallava period. Sankaracharya, the 8th century scholar in the advaita school of Hinduism is believed to have visited the temple to put down the power of evil. The temple was originally built by Pallavas and later rebuilt by Rajendra Chola I.  The inscription dating 954 CE, the fifth year of the Chola king Gandaraditya indicates 90 sheep for burning lamps and ilavilaku, a lamp made in Sri Lanka). The inscriptions dating from 1046 CE reveal that 64 bronze nayanmar statues were installed in the temple. There were equal number of dancing girls called Devadasi in the temple, who were divided into two groups - the  danced for Thyagaraja, while the  danced for Vadivudaiamman. During the reign of the Malik Kafur, much of the temple was destroyed and the bronze idols present now in the temple were installed during the Vijayanagara period of the 15th century. A 13th-century inscription indicates the practise of animal sacrifice to the goddess, which continued along with offering intoxicating drink till the early 2000s. Famous saints like Pattinathar, Topeswamigal and Ramalinga Swamigal lived in this town and prayed Thyagaraja in this temple. This place is also home to Thiruvottiyur Thyagayyar who is a carnatic composer and poet. The temple had been a centre of learning as seen from the inscriptions in the temple. The inscriptions indicate specific subjects like Purvamimansa styled as Pravahakarma. There were also provisions made for feeding and maintaining for teachers and students.

The Temple

The presiding deity is Aadhipureeswarar is in the form of a mud mound covered by armour. On the day of the full moon of the Tamil month , the armour is removed and the representation of the god is visible to devotees. The Lord is anointed with , , and  oils. There is a Durga shrine in the northern side of the temple. Inside the main temple complex, opposite the main shrine, is Nataraja shrine and in the koshta is the Ganapati shrine. The Ganapati is known as Gunalaya Ganapati (abode of bliss) and there is also the idol of Adi Shankara, just behind the main shrine inside the complex. There are also deities like Subrahmanya installed there. The Dakshinamurthy statue is in the northern Koshta facing south there is also the subcomplex shrine of Kali. Adi Shankara is said to have installed a chakra to calm down the Devi and to make her Sowmya roopi (calm and resplendent). To this day, a select group of Nampoothiri families perform the pooja and aradhana to this Lord and Goddess as desired by Adi Shankara.

The name of the goddess at this temple is Vadivudaiamman alias Tripurasundari. The goddess is housed in a separate shrine inside the Temple complex. The temple with Vadivudai Amman as its chief goddess is the third of the Sakthi temple triad in the region of the Tondaimandalam, namely, Thiruvudai Amman (also known as Ichchaa Sakthi, the goddess who fulfills devotees' wishes), Vadivudai Amman (also known as Gnaana Shakti, the goddess who blesses with gnana or knowledge), and Kodiyidai Ammam (also known as Kriya Shakti, the goddess who assists in all actions). The Kodiyidai Amman shrine is at Thirumullaivoyal while the Thiruvudai Amman shrine is at Melur (Minjur).

Other deities in the temple include Agasalingam, Thiruvotrieswarar, Thiruputheeswarar (between Vattaparaiman and Durga shrines), Kuzhandhai Eesar, Kalyana Sundarar, Jaganadhar, Annamalayar, Ramanathar, Suryan, Chandran, Nalvars, Jambukeswarar, Nagalingar, Meenakshi, Sundareswarar, Sahasralingam, Amirthakandeesar, Gowlieeswarar, and Ekapaadhar, Gunalaya Vinayagar, Aruljothi Murugan, Valar Kali. The twenty seven stars of Tamil calendar are believed to have worshipped Shiva in this temple.

The inscription park at the temple has about 20 inscriptions from the time of the Chola kings installed.

Thyagaraja Cult

Though the presiding deity of the temple is Adipuriswarar, the temple is closely associated with the Thyagaraja cult of Saivism. Somaskanda is the iconic form of Thyagaraja and is believed to have emerged from the 10th century, the period coinciding Raja Raja Chola.  The 8th-century saint Sundarar is believed to have spread the cult from Tiruvarur to the temple here. The Lord tricked him by making him take a vow that he would never leave Tiruvottriyur, but he breaks the promise and becomes blind. The Lord of Tiruvottriyur and Tiruvarur are the same in terms of religious experience, but on the pilgrim tradition, Tiruvottriyur is affronted because Sundarar abandons and goes back to Tiruvarur. The event is celebrated every year in the temple.

The seven dance forms of Thyagaraja, the Sapthavitankam, is represented in the cultic network comprising Thyagarajar Temple in Tiruvarur, Dharbaranyeswarar Temple in Tirunallar, Kayarohanaswamy Temple in Nagapattinam, Kannayariamudayar Temple in Thirukarayil, Brahmapureeswarar Temple in Thirukkuvalai, Vaimoornaathar Temple in Tiruvaimur and Vedaranyeswarar Temple in Vedaranyam. The Tiruvottiyur temple is placed at the centre of a similar network comprising Marundeeswarar Temple in Tiruvanmiyur, Accalpuram in Sirkali and Tirukachoor near Singaperumalkoil, treated closest to the myth of Tiruvarur. Both the Tiruvarur and Tiruvottriyur temples are believed to have the same dance poses by Shiva, as asserted by Tiruvorriyurpuranam. The dance pattern of the temple is called Padamanatanam, a continuation of Tiruvarur temple - Vishnu is believed to have gone berserk and missed the dance at Tiruvarur, and Thyagaraja asked him to go to Tiruvottriyur where he said he promised to perform the same dance.

Literary mention
The temple is reverred in the verses of Tevaram, the 7th century saivite canonical work by the three saint poets namely, Appar, Sundarar and Sambandar.

"வெள்ளத்தைச் சடையில் வைத்த வேதகீ தன்றன் பாதம்
 மெள்ளத்தா னடைய வேண்டின் மெய்தரு ஞானத் தீயால்
 கள்ளத்தைக் கழிய நின்றார் காயத்துக் கலந்து நின்று
 உள்ளத்து ளொளியு மாகு மொற்றியூ ருடைய கோவே."
translating to
"People of this world!
 if you want to reach the feet of the Lord who sang the Vētams and who placed the flood of the Kaṅkai on his head,
patiently listen to the way by which you can attain them.
 being united in the body of those who have burnt with the help of the fire of spiritual wisdom which grants the ultimate reality, all evil thoughts.
 the king of Oṟṟiyūr is the light in the hearts of such people".
The temple was the home of the Hindu saint Pattinathar and the location where he attained samadhi in the form of a lingam. It is the birthplace of Kaliya Nayanar, one of the 63 Nayanars. This temple of yore finds a definitive place in Tamil Saivite history as this is the place where the Marriage of Sree Gnanasambandar was supposed to happen but concluded in Sree Gnanasambandar being absorbed with several others into the jyothi before the marriage could be solemnised. The Carnatic composer Tyagaraja visited this temple and composed the Thiruvottiyur Pancharatna or 5 Gems in praise of the Goddess Sree Tripurasundari.  Tiruvorriyur Mummanikovai is a work in praise of the deity in the temple. Tiruvorriyur Antathi is a 19th-century work by Gnanasampathavaran in praise of the deity of the temple. Tiruvorriyur Moovar Tamil is an extract of Tevaram specific to the temple. Tiruvorriyur Nadana Sarithram is a historic depiction of dance in the temple Vadivudaiampal Asiriyavirutham by Rama Mudaliar, Vadivudaiamman Kummipadal, Vadivudaiamman Navarattinam and Vadivudaiamman Panssarathinam by Kanniappa Uvattiyayar are 19th century works glorifying Vadivudaiamman, the prime consort of the primary deity of the temple.

The Nineteenth century Saint Shri Ramalinga Adigalar was a daily visitor to this temple during his younger days and has sung many poems in praise of this Lord. The other important Saint associated with this temple is Shri Topeswamy.

Festivals
The prime festival is performed in the Tamil month of Masi (February–March) and historically draws large crowd. On the eighth day, an additional function called Mahiladisevai is performed. The Durgadevi shrine in the northern side of the temple is associated with Kannagi, the protagonist of Silappadikaram, a 2nd-century Tamil epic. Each year a 15-day festival is celebrated in honour of Durga Devi and on the last day, the thatch roof of the event is burnt to symbolize Kannagi burning Madurai at the end of the epic.

Temple administration
During 1786 to 1831 CE, there were frequent clashes between the right-hand castes comprising handicraft people and poor and the left-hand castes comprising wealthy and parsimonious merchants. It was the practise of British administrators to bestow the office of chief administrator of the temple to rich merchants. Following the custom, Lingi Chetti headed from 1754 CE, and after his death, his family inherited the post. The right-hand caste people were highly irritated that the post was inherited by the left-hand caste. In August 1786, the left-hand caste submitted a petition to the Governor and the council of Fort St. George claiming the right-hand caste had no right over the administration of the temple and were indulged in attack of one of the left-hand person. The English sidestepped by ruling that both had liberty to perform their ceremonies according to the respective customs. It was also announced that the heads of each would be responsible for offenders. While the left-hand caste abided by the order, the right-hand caste stopped their practises. There were intermittent clashes initiated by both the parties and once resulted in attacking the sepoys involved in protection. The dissension cropped once more during 1828 when the officiating priest complained about the chief administrator. In 1831, there were renewed complaints against the chief administrator over the authority of dancing girls and his right in administering the temple stating financial irregularity. The dancing girls were immediately removed from the temple. The collector upheld the action against the dancing girls and ruled that Arunachala Chetti of the left-hand would be the rightful administrator of the temple. It also suggested to the right-hand caste that no complaints would be entertained unless specific instances were shown where the right-hand moved away from customs.

See also
 Heritage structures in Chennai

References

Bibliography

 .

External links
 GeoHack - Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvottiyur

Reason for the name
Devaradiyar honoured @Thiruvotriyur

Padal Petra Stalam
Hindu temples in Chennai
Hindu temples in Tiruvallur district


Watervliet (  or  ) was a town that at its height encompassed most of present-day Albany County and most of the current town of Niskayuna in neighboring Schenectady County, in the state of New York, United States. Just prior to its dissolution, the town encompassed the current towns of Colonie and Green Island and the city of Watervliet.

History

On March 7, 1788, the state of New York divided the entire state into towns, eliminating districts as administrative units by passing New York Laws of 1788, Chapters 63 and 64. This transformed the Western District of the Manor of Rensselaerswyck into the town of Watervliet. In the census of 1790, the town had a population of 7,419, which made it twice as populous as the city of Albany.

The European settlement of Watervliet predated the creation of the town by almost 200 years. Fort Nassau on Castle Island was built by Dutch colonists in 1614 within the original boundaries of the town. It passed to the town of Bethlehem upon its creation in 1793, later to be annexed to the city of Albany in the 20th century. Early settlers were Dutch farmers owning land north and south of Fort Orange along the Hudson River. The lands to the north came to be known as Watervliet, while the lands to the south were named Bethlehem.

The town had been settled by many immigrant groups who settled different regions of the town. In the western section of the town, in what would later become the town of Berne, Germans from the 1750s and Scots during the US Revolutionary War settled around the Helderberg Escarpment.

Over the next 20 years, several towns would be broken off from this town, often called the "Mother of Towns". Rensselaerville in 1790 would be the first town separated, Coeymans would separate in 1791, while Colonie would be incorporated as a municipality but would stay within Watervliet. Bethlehem would be created in 1793 from Watervliet. Colonie would become incorporated again, this time as a district in 1801. Guilderland would separate in 1803, and Colonie would become a village in 1804 and then a separate town in 1808. Niskayuna would separate in 1809, when Schenectady County was broken off from Albany County. In 1815 Colonie would be split between the city of Albany and the town of Watervliet.  In 1836 West Troy would incorporate as a village, Cohoes in 1848, and then Green Island in 1853 also as a village. Cohoes would be set off from the town as a city in 1869. In 1870 the portion of the former town of Colonie that Watervliet received in 1815 was annexed by the city of Albany. In 1870-71 the city of Albany west of Magazine Street (the so-called "Liberty" of Albany) was given by the state to the town of Watervliet. The town however was unwilling to accept the territory and subsequently ceded the territory to the neighboring town of Guilderland. At this same time the city of Albany annexed from Watervliet the hamlet of North Albany.

In the 1890s the rural residents of the majority of the town of Watervliet became dissatisfied with being under the political control of the urban residents of the village of West Troy.  When talk began of the creation of a city of Watervliet, they petitioned the state to be set apart as a separate town. In 1895 the state legislature passed laws of 1895 chapter 975, which established the town of Colonie from the majority of the town of Watervliet, leaving behind only the villages of Green Island and West Troy within the town of Watervliet. In the next year, the original town was dissolved. The laws of 1896 chapter 811, which went into effect on May 21, created the town of Green Island to cover the village of the same name, leaving only the village of West Troy in the town of Watervliet. On August 1, 1896, the village of West Troy, along with some land from the town of Colonie, was incorporated as the independent city of Watervliet, and the town of Watervliet was ended.

Watervliet v Colonie
After the town of Colonie was created but prior to the dissolution of the town of Watervliet into the city of Watervliet and town of Green Island, the town of Watervliet filed a lawsuit against the new town of Colonie to enforce the state law's division of debt payments between the two towns. Before Town of Watervliet v. Town of Colonie could go to trial, the town of Watervliet was dissolved. Chapter 905 of the laws of 1896 creating the city of Watervliet stated that any land in the town of Watervliet not incorporated into the new city would form a "distinct and separate town" and, after a boundary survey, uninhabited strips of land totaling less than  were found.  Representatives of the town of Watervliet argued that it still existed and could continue the lawsuit. The Supreme Court of Albany County, Appellate Division, 3rd Department on March 2, 1898 ruled that the town of Watervliet ceased to exist on August 1, 1896 with the formation of the city; it said that the legislature could not have intended to have a town consisting of uninhabited shreds of discontinuous territory. The court declared that when the state dissolves a town and replaces it with a new city, the new municipality succeeds to the property of the old town; therefore, the court declared these strips of land to be of the city of Watervliet. Also, the court ruled that the officeholders of the town of Watervliet could not be officeholders of the town anymore; as they no longer lived within the town of Watervliet, they had no legal standing to sue in the name of the town.  The former offices of the town had existed only to wind up its affairs. Since the court ruled that the town no longer existed, the case was dismissed.

Notable locations found in the town
The Watervliet Arsenal, founded in 1813, is the oldest Federal arsenal in the country; it is the sole manufacturing facility for large caliber cannon.
The route of the original Erie Canal from the town's border with the city of Albany (today in the neighborhood of North Albany within the city) north to modern-day Cohoes and then northwest to the Lower Aqueduct, today the US Route 9 Crescent Bridge over the Mohawk River. The junction of the Erie with the Champlain Canal was also in the town.
Troy & Schenectady Railroad
 The First Shaker Village

Notable residents
Leland Stanford, future governor of California,  United States Senator, and founder of Stanford University
Ann Lee, leader of the Niskayuna Shaker settlement

References

Colonie, New York
Former towns in New York (state)
Populated places in Albany County, New York


Ceraceomyces is a genus of fungi in the family Amylocorticiaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains 16 species.

Species
Ceraceomyces borealis
Ceraceomyces cerebrosus
Ceraceomyces corymbatus
Ceraceomyces cremeo-ochraceus
Ceraceomyces crispatus
Ceraceomyces cystidiatus
Ceraceomyces microsporus
Ceraceomyces oligodontus
Ceraceomyces reidii
Ceraceomyces serpens
Ceraceomyces sublaevis
Ceraceomyces sulphurinus
Ceraceomyces tessulatus
Ceraceomyces variicolor
Ceraceomyces violascens

References

Amylocorticiales


Thomas Breneman Smith (June 18, 1900 – April 28, 1948) was an American radio personality. For most of his career, he was based in Southern California, in Los Angeles and Hollywood. His radio program was such a success that he established the eponymous Tom Breneman's Restaurant in Hollywood, which attracted many actors, musicians and others.

Early years
Breneman was born in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania. His father worked in a sand mine, and Breneman was one of six children. Breneman graduated from the public schools in Waynesboro and attended Columbia University.

Radio
Breneman began broadcasting in 1927. In 1930, he was program director at KFVD in Culver City, California. In 1931–32, appearing as Tom Brennie, he had a program, Laugh Club of the Air in New York City, an early audience participation show.

Returning to the West Coast, he hosted a morning variety show for Fels-Naptha soap from KFRC, San Francisco, to the CBS-Don Lee network circa 1935.

In 1937, Breneman was host of Secret Ambition, which was produced at KNX radio in Los Angeles, California, and was carried on CBS' newly formed Pacific Coast network.

Breneman was host of the show Breakfast in Hollywood (earlier titled Breakfast at Sardi's), which aired on the Blue Network, ABC, NBC and Mutual at various times from 1941 to 1948.

Breneman's program began using its best-known title Breakfast in Hollywood in 1945. By the mid-1940s, Breneman had ten million listeners. The popularity of the radio program was such that he developed spin-off enterprises in media and other areas. He founded his own magazine.

In 1945, he opened his own establishment, Tom Breneman's Restaurant, located on Vine Street off Sunset Boulevard. The opening on March 26, 1945, had "a gala crowd of Hollywoodites in attendance, including distinguished members of the radio industry, a number of famed screen and air personalities, and representatives of the press." He broadcast episodes of his program from his restaurant; entertainers included Korla Pandit, a purported Indian immigrant who was creating a sensation with a daily, all-music program on television and maintained this persona to his death in 1998, though an article in Los Angeles Magazine revealed that he was an African-American musician from Missouri, who had created a new persona and great success in Hollywood and TV.

Family
Breneman married former actress Billie Dunn. They had two children, Gloria Anne, and Tom Jr.

Death
Breneman died of a heart attack on April 28, 1948, in Encino, California. His funeral was held May 1, 1948, in Hollywood. He is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale). Breneman was honored by being given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

References

External links

1900 births
1948 deaths
American radio personalities
People from Waynesboro, Pennsylvania
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)


U District station is a light rail station on the 1 Line of Sound Transit's Link light rail system in Seattle, Washington, United States. It is located in the University District neighborhood, near the University of Washington campus. The underground station has two entrances along Brooklyn Avenue Northeast at 43rd and 45th streets.

Construction of the station began in 2012 as part of the Northgate Link extension, which was approved by voters in a 2008 ballot measure. It opened on October 2, 2021, along with the rest of the extension. Light rail trains arrive at the station at frequencies of up to eight minutes during peak periods and 10–15 minutes at other times. U District station also includes five bus bays served by several King County Metro and Sound Transit Express routes that connect to nearby areas.

Location

U District station is located under the east side of Brooklyn Avenue Northeast between Northeast 43rd and 45th streets, at the heart of the University District urban village in northern Seattle. It is near the area's main commercial corridor, The Ave, which runs a block east on University Way Northeast. To the west of the station is UW Tower, a high-rise office building used by the University of Washington (UW); adjacent to the station's north entrance is the historic Neptune Theatre. To the east is the university campus as well as the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture on 15th Avenue Northeast.

Transit-oriented development

The area surrounding U District station is a walkable neighborhood primarily consisting of commercial space and multi-family residential housing. Within a  of the station is one of the densest concentrations of housing and jobs in the region, with nearly 15,000 jobs and over 21,000 residents counted in 2013.

The station is designed to support up to  of transit-oriented development on top of the entrances and station box. The city of Seattle began developing a comprehensive rezoning of the neighborhood to allow for taller buildings in 2013, proposing a maximum height limit of  along NE 45th Street and  in other parts of the neighborhood. The rezoning proposal ran into opposition from locals who filed an appeal to halt planning, citing a need for affordable housing and open space. A revised plan unveiled in September 2016 by Mayor Ed Murray requires new developments in the neighborhood to include rent-restricted affordable housing or pay a fine. The rezone was approved in March 2017, taking effect shortly thereafter, allowing a maximum height of  for residential use and  for offices. , there are 20 high-rise buildings under development in the University District, including several above 20 stories in height.

The University of Washington showed interest in developing an office tower over the station box, whose development rights were acquired by the university in 2013. Neighborhood residents and activists, including former UW professor Phil Thiel, instead proposed a public plaza on top of the station, citing the dimensions being similar to those of central squares in European cities. The university approved a 50-year lease with the Lincoln Property Company in 2020 to develop a 12-story office tower above the station site. Construction on the building began in 2023 and is scheduled to be completed in late 2024; five stories will be occupied by the university's administrative offices, while the rest is leased for other clients.

History

Early proposals

Proposals for rapid transit service to the University District date back to the early 20th century. In 1911, Virgil Bogue proposed an extensive rapid transit system, including an underground subway from Downtown Seattle and Eastlake to Latona (the present-day University District), following 10th Avenue Northeast and intersecting an east–west line on Northeast 45th Street. The proposal was rejected by voters the following year. Another proposal in 1920 included a "rapid transit on surface" for Eastlake Avenue, terminating at 14th Avenue NE in the University District; the proposal's recommendation of a subway system was not acted upon by city leaders at the time.

The Forward Thrust plan of the late 1960s proposed building a four-line rapid transit network using $385 million in local funding to augment a larger federal contribution. One of the proposed lines, traveling between Downtown Seattle and Lake City, included a station at 15th Avenue Northeast and Northeast 45th Street adjacent to the Burke Museum. The plan was put before voters on two occasions, in February 1968 and May 1970, and failed to gain the needed supermajority to pass.

In the 1990s, the formation of a regional transit authority (RTA) spurred the planning of a modern light rail system for Seattle. In 1995, the transit authority proposed a regional light rail system to be built by 2010, including an at-grade or underground light rail line through the University District with a station near The Ave. The RTA proposal was rejected by voters in March 1995, citing its $6.7 billion price. A smaller, $3.9 billion plan was approved in November 1996, with the University District as its northern terminus; an extension north to Northgate via Roosevelt was deferred until additional funding could be secured.

Planning

The RTA, re-branded as Sound Transit, selected a preferred route for the light rail line in 1999. The northern terminus was to be located on the east side of 15th Avenue Northeast and Northeast 45th Street, and the line would travel south via a tunnel under Portage Bay towards Downtown Seattle and Rainier Valley, ending at the Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. Cost over-runs and withheld funding from the federal government led Sound Transit to truncate its initial light rail line to Downtown in 2001, with the segment north to the University District to be built at a later date. In 2004, Sound Transit selected a route for tunneled light rail extensions through Capitol Hill and the University District and towards Northgate, using the Montlake Cut and including a station in the vicinity of Brooklyn Avenue NE and NE 45th Street.

Only the southernmost segment of the revised route, from Downtown to Husky Stadium on the south side of the university campus, was funded initially as the "University Link Extension". The northern segment to Northgate was split into a separate project, "North Link", and was included on the 2007 Roads and Transit ballot measure, which was put before voters in November 2007. The combined $18 billion proposal was rejected, with environmentalist groups disavowing it over the roadworks portion that sought to expand regional freeways. A second, transit-only measure known as "Sound Transit 2" was approved by voters in November 2008, securing funding for a light rail extension to Northgate. The North Link project was approved by the Sound Transit Board in June 2012, setting a $2.1 billion budget and expected completion date of 2021.

The 15th Avenue Northeast site for the University District's station was rejected in favor of an option on Brooklyn Avenue. The placement of the Brooklyn station, either on the north or south side of NE 45th Street, was debated by the Sound Transit Board in 2004. Seattle mayor Greg Nickels favored a station on the north side, but other boardmembers sided with community and business groups who wanted a site on the south side. The station site was further complicated the following year by Safeco's decision to expand its headquarters building on the west side of Brooklyn Avenue NE, impacting staging areas that were selected by Sound Transit. Ultimately, Safeco moved its headquarters to a downtown building in 2006, and sold the Brooklyn building to the University of Washington, and the staging areas remained available.

During the planning process, the station was referred to as "Brooklyn", after the street and historic name of the neighborhood. Sound Transit adopted the name "U District" in 2012, after input from public surveys; the abbreviation of "University" was done to avoid re-using the name alongside the University of Washington station at Husky Stadium. The agency also received public comments recommending renaming of the University Street station in Downtown Seattle, to avoid confusion with the stations at U District and University of Washington. University Street station is planned to be renamed to Union Street/Symphony station in 2024 as part of preparations for the opening of the 2 Line.

Construction and opening

The contract for tunneling and station construction on the project, since renamed the "Northgate Link extension", was awarded by Sound Transit to JCM Northlink LLC (a joint venture of Jay Dee, Coluccio, and Michels) for $462 million in 2013. In May 2013, demolition of an existing Chase Bank branch and a university-owned property began at the future site of the station. In December, a segment of Brooklyn Avenue NE was closed through the work zone as part of final preparations for the station site. Construction of shoring walls and drilling of pilings in the station box was completed from April to August 2014, leading to the start of excavation the following month. By the completion of excavation the following summer, over  of dirt was removed from the site to reach a depth of . Concrete pouring of the station box began in July 2015, to prepare for the arrival of two tunnel boring machines (TBMs).

The first of the two TBMs to arrive at U District station was "Brenda" on November 6, 2015, completing the northbound tunnel from Northgate via Roosevelt station. The second TBM, "Pamela", arrived later than expected on March 25, 2016, after stopping  north of the station because of damage to the cutterhead and other parts that forced reduced speed to complete the southbound tunnel. "Brenda", since renamed "TBM #1", finished both of the remaining tunnels to University of Washington station in March 2016 and September 2016.

In March 2017, the Sound Transit Board awarded a $159.8 million contract to Hoffman Construction to build U District station, including structural and architectural finishes. Station construction began in August 2017 and is scheduled to last until 2020. A design change approved in October 2018 added a set of stairs between the mezzanine and platform due to escalator issues at other stations. Construction of the station was declared substantially complete in February 2021 and street access on Brooklyn Avenue was restored two months later. Light rail service at the station began on October 2, 2021, and was celebrated with a street fair on Brooklyn Avenue along with live performances and food walk on University Way. The opening of a bus-only lane on Northeast 43rd Street, serving a bus bay at the station's south entrance, was delayed to June 2022 due to the discovery of underground utilities during construction and supply chain issues. Sound Transit estimates that there will be 12,000 daily boardings at the station in 2030.

Station layout

U District station is located on the east side of Brooklyn Avenue Northeast between Northeast 43rd and 45th streets. The underground station has two entrances: the north entrance (Exit A) near 45th and adjacent to the Neptune Theatre; and the south entrance (Exit B) at the intersection of Brooklyn and 43rd. The entrances are identified from street level by two accent colors (orange for the north, teal for the south) and large graphics with the station name. Both entrances have ticket vending machines, elevators to the platforms, and both stairs and escalators leading to the mezzanine level. The south entrance also has 52 bicycle storage spaces in a covered cage with a bicycle pump, while the north entrance has bicycle racks and lockers. The mezzanine leads to two sets of escalators and stairs that travel down to the lone island platform, located  below the surface.

The station was designed by LMN Architects, a Seattle-based firm that also designed the University of Washington station. It occupies  and spans five floors, of which four are underground. Public art is integrated into the station's design as part of the "STart" program, which allocates a percentage of project construction funds to art projects to be used in stations. Lead Pencil Studio was commissioned to create Fragment Brooklyn, a platform-level installation at the station that covers the west wall with depictions of architectural features. The piece, which drew inspiration from buildings in the University District and Brooklyn, New York, primarily uses hammered aluminum for the fixtures, which includes windows with screens that display 18 hours of looping videos, fire escapes, and rooflines.

Services

The station is served by the 1 Line, which runs between Northgate, Downtown Seattle, the Rainier Valley, and Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. U District station is the second southbound station from Northgate and sixteenth northbound station from Angle Lake, the line's northern and southern termini, respectively. It is situated between Roosevelt and University of  Washington stations. 1 Line trains serve U District station twenty hours a day on weekdays and Saturdays, from 5:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m.; and eighteen hours on Sundays, from 6:00 a.m. to midnight. During regular weekday service, trains operate roughly every eight to ten minutes during rush hour and midday operation, respectively, with longer headways of fifteen minutes in the early morning and twenty minutes at night. During weekends, 1 Line trains arrive at U District station every ten minutes during midday hours and every fifteen minutes during mornings and evenings. The station is approximately five minutes from Northgate station, eight minutes from Westlake station in Downtown Seattle, and 44 minutes from SeaTac/Airport station.

U District station is also served by several King County Metro and Sound Transit Express buses that provide onward connections to surrounding neighborhoods and regional destinations. The station has five bus bays, primarily on Northeast 45th Street and University Way, and an additional stop on 15th Avenue Northeast for regional routes. King County Metro operates fifteen routes from U District station with connections to Ballard, Fremont, Green Lake, Roosevelt, Lake City, Sand Point, Montlake, the Central District, Capitol Hill, Downtown Seattle, Magnolia, Renton, Bellevue, and Issaquah. The area's three Sound Transit Express routes connect the station to Redmond, Bellevue, Issaquah, Federal Way, and Tacoma. Metro's RapidRide J Line, planned to open in 2026, will begin at the station and connect to Eastlake and South Lake Union.

References

External links

Sound Transit Rider Guide

Link light rail stations in Seattle
Railway stations located underground in Seattle
Railway stations in the United States opened in 2021
Railway stations in Washington (state) at university and college campuses
2021 establishments in Washington (state)


Sydney Lyric is a theatre in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is part of The Star complex. The theatre is used for large scale musicals, theatre productions, concerts, opera and ballet. Formerly the Lyric Theatre, the venue changed to its current name in late 2011.

The theatre has been owned and operated by Foundation Theatres Pty Limited (formerly Foundation Entertainment Group) since October 2011, which also owns Sydney's Capitol Theatre.

In February 2017, the Sydney Lyric underwent a $18 million auditorium upgrade, including movable walls that alter the theatre's seating capacity from 1,350 up to 2,010 seats. These works completed the upgrade of the whole theatre, encompassing foyers, bars & box office which were completed in 2014.

Notable performances
The theatre was built as part of the casino complex initially known as Star City and now as The Star, and first opened in September 1997 with its first act being Michael Crawford and has since then played most to many well known musicals and entertainers.

Performances include:
 2023 - Hairspray, Tick, Tick… Boom!, Wicked, Mamma Mia!
 2022 - Mary Poppins, Cinderella 2021 - Hamilton 2020 - Shrek the Musical, War Horse, Pippin (musical) 2019 - Peter Pan Goes Wrong, Saturday Night Fever, Muriel's Wedding, Billy Elliot
 2018 - The Book Of Mormon (2018-2019)
 2017 - The Bodyguard (musical), Beautiful: The Carole King Musical 2016 - We Will Rock You, Singin' in the Rain, Dream Lover (World Premiere)
 2015 - Matilda The Musical (Australian Premiere), The Rocky Horror Show, Le Noir - The Dark Side of Cirque, Thriller - Live 2014 - Strictly Ballroom (World Premiere), Dirty Dancing 2013 - War Horse, Hot Shoe Shuffle, Blue Man Group, Grease 2012 - Legally Blonde the Musical (Australian premiere). An Officer and a Gentleman (world premiere), Frankie Valli & the Four Seasons 2011 - Annie (2011–12), Richard III starring Kevin Spacey, Elton John Live, An Evening with Al Pacino, Stevie Wonder Live, Hairspray, Doctor Zhivago (world premiere), The Music of Andrew Lloyd Webber
 2010 - Cats, West Side Story 2009 - Mamma Mia, Chicago, Buddy 2008 - Priscilla Queen of the Desert (return), The Phantom of the Opera, Shout 2007 - Miss Saigon 2006 - Priscilla Queen of the Desert - the Musical (world premiere 2006-07), Dusty 2005 - The Producers 2004 - We Will Rock You (2004–05), Lisa Marie Presley, Cirque Dreams, Shanghai Circus, Sleeping Beauty on Ice, Saturday Night Fever 2003 - The Lion, the Witch & the Wardrobe 2002 - Mamma Mia, Oliver, Pirates of Penzance 2001 - The Wizard of Oz, Hale and Pace, Singing in the Rain, Michael Ball, Petula Clark
 2000 - Annie, Tony Bennett, Jerry Lewis, Al Jarreau, Peter Ustinov
 1999 - The Merry Widow, Geraldine Turner, Kamahl, Adam Brand, Popcorn, Tony Bennett, The Sound of Music 1998 - Julio Iglesias, An Ideal Husband, Show Boat''
 1997 - Michael Crawford, Natalie Cole, Peter Paul and Mary, Elisa Chan, Kenny Gee, K.D.Lang, Air Supply

Indicates current production
Indicates the production was cancelled due to indoor event restrictions as part of the Covid-19 outbreak

Local area

The Sydney Lyric theatre is located in The Star casino complex, which is in the suburb of Pyrmont, an inner-city suburb of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Pyrmont is located 2 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Sydney. It is also part of the Darling Harbour district. Pyrmont was once a vital component of Sydney's industrial waterfront, with wharves, shipbuilding yards, factories and woolstores. As industry moved out, the population and the area declined. In recent years it has experienced redevelopment with an influx of residents and office workers.

References

External links

Theatres in Sydney
Theatres completed in 1997
Pyrmont, New South Wales


Bradley Plain (born 25 September 1969) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Essendon, Collingwood and North Melbourne in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Born in Tasmania, Plain played his early football with TFL Statewide side North Hobart before crossing to fellow TFL club Clarence. Recruited by Essendon, Plain kicked 27 goals for Essendon in the 1989 VFL season and took part in their finals campaign, which ended in the Preliminary Final. He bettered that tally in 1991 with 28 goals, including an eight-goal haul in a win over Sydney at the Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG). This performance earned him three Brownlow Medal votes, one of two occasions he received best on ground honour during his career with the other coming for a 34 disposals game against St Kilda in 1989.

An ankle injury kept him out of the finals series in 1991 and despite contributing 23 goals from just seven games in Essendon's premiership year of 1993, he again missed out on September action through injury.

Plain was traded to Collingwood in 1994 but failed to make an impact. In the 1996 season, Plain found himself at North Melbourne after being traded again, for Adrian McAdam. The forward made only one appearance due to the strength of the North Melbourne side and for the second time of his career was with a club during a premiership year but didn't participate in the finals.

Plain represented the Tasmania State of Origin team at the 1988 Adelaide Bicentennial Carnival.

References

Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

1969 births
Living people
Collingwood Football Club players
Essendon Football Club players
North Melbourne Football Club players
Clarence Football Club players
North Hobart Football Club players
Tasmanian State of Origin players
Australian rules footballers from Tasmania
Victorian State of Origin players


Show-Ya 20th Anniversary The Best is a CD and DVD collection of songs and videos of the Japanese hard rock band Show-Ya. The Anniversary collection was released in 2005 in Japan, just after the band's reunion.

Track listing

CD
"Genkai Lovers" (限界 Lovers - L.A. Mix) - 3:58
"Look at Me!" (2005 version) - 5:40
"Metallic Woman" - 6:18
"Fire" - 5:00
"Mou Friend Wa Iranai" (もうフレンドはいらない) - 4:11
"S・T・O・P (But I Can’t…)" - 4:02
"Au Revoir" - 5:17
"Come On!" (2005 version) - 3:41
"Inori" (祈り) - 4:37
"Rock Train" - 2:48
"Mr. J" - 3:33
"Kaigenrei no Machi - Cry for the Freedom" (戒厳令の街 ／Cry for the Freedom) - 4:50
"Bad Boys" - 3:56
"Watashi Wa Arashi" (私は嵐 - L.A Mix) - 4:02
"Kagirinaku Haruka na Jiyuu E (Go Again)" (限りなくはるかな自由へ～Go Again～) - 4:46

DVD
 "Shidokenaku Emotion" (しどけなくエモーション)
 "One Way Heart"
 "Sono Ato De Koroshitai" (その後で殺したい)
 "Mizu no Naka no Toubousha" (水の中の逃亡者)
 "Kodoku no Meiro (Labyrinth)" (孤独の迷路（ラビリンス）)
 "Aisazu ni Irarenai - Still Be Hangin' On" (愛さずにいられない - Still Be Hangin' On)
 "Genkai Lovers" (限界 Lovers)
 "Watashi Wa Arashi" (私は嵐)
 "Sakebi" (叫び)
 "Gambling" (ギャンブリング)

References

Show-Ya albums
2005 compilation albums
2005 video albums
Music video compilation albums
EMI Records compilation albums
EMI Records video albums
Japanese-language compilation albums


George Malcolm-Smith (1901–1984) was an American novelist and jazz musicologist. A 1925 graduate of Trinity College, he hosted a jazz radio program on WTIC-FM in Hartford, Connecticut for many years.

He wrote eight humorous novels, most with "salty pictures by Carl Rose." His first novel was adapted into a Broadway musical in 1945 entitled Are You With It?. The musical was in turn adapted into a 1948 film.

He collected a large number of items related to jazz, which were given to the Watkinson Library at Trinity College after his death as dictated in his will.

Novels
Slightly Perfect (1941)
The Grass is Always Greener (1947)
The Square Peg (1952) [also released as Mugs, Molls and Dr. Harvey in Graphic paperback #104 (1955)]
The Trouble With Fidelity (1957)
If a Body Meet a Body (1959)
The Lady Finger (1962)
Come Out, Come Out (1965)
Dividend of Death (1966).

References

Trinity College (Connecticut) alumni
1901 births
1984 deaths
20th-century American writers
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American musicologists


Eupoecila australasiae, commonly known as the fiddler beetle or rose chafer, is a colourful green- or yellow-and-black member of the scarab beetle family from eastern Australia.

The fiddler beetle was originally described by Anglo Irish naturalist Edward Donovan as Cetonia australasiae in his 1805 work An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of New Holland, New Zealand, New Guinea, Otaheite, and other Islands in the Indian, Southern, and Pacific Oceans. It was reclassified in and became the type species of the new genus Eupoecila by German entomologist Hermann Burmeister in 1842. Within the scarab family, it is a member of the subfamily Cetoniinae, commonly known as flower chafers. These beetles are strong flyers and can fly without moving the elytra; they spend much of the time searching for nectar and plant exudates.

Its common name is derived from its patterned body, reminiscent of a violin.

The fiddler beetle measures  in length, its body patterned dark brown and lime green to yellow.

It is found in eastern Australia, in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and southeastern South Australia, and lives in heathland and eucalypt woodland, as well as suburban parks and gardens.

Eggs are laid in rotting logs, or in debris or soil. The larvae eat rotting wood until they mature and pupate there by making a cocoon-like chamber within the wood. Adult beetles burrow through the soil and emerge in early summer, and feed on nectar-laden flowers. These include  Angophora hispida and A. woodsiana, Backhousia citriodora, and Melaleuca linariifolia.

References

Cetoniinae
Beetles of Australia
Beetles described in 1805


Todd Miller (born November 29, 1973) is an American soccer midfielder who currently plays for the amateur Olympique Montreux.  He spent two seasons with the Columbus Crew and four in the USISL and A-League.

Miller grew up in Salt Lake City, graduating from Alta High School in 1992.  He then attended Salt Lake City’s Westminster College where he played on the school’s NAIA soccer team from 1992 to 1995. While playing for Westminster College, Miller was selected to the U.S. National Amateur Team. He graduated with dual degree in mathematics and computer science.

In February 1996, the Columbus Crew selected Miller in the 3rd round (30th overall) of the 1996 MLS College Draft.  The Crew sent him to the Milwaukee Rampage of the USISL as a developmental player.

In 1997, the Crew sent him on loan to the Charleston Battery before releasing him in July.  He then signed with Battery.  He played for the Battery through the 2000 season.  He then returned to Salt Lake City where he played for the amateur International FC until 2005 when he moved to Olympique Montreux.

References

External links
 Olympique Montreaux player profile
 Columbus Crew player registry
 Charleston Battery

1973 births
Living people
Westminster College (Utah) alumni
American men's soccer players
Charleston Battery players
Columbus Crew players
Major League Soccer players
Milwaukee Rampage players
USISL Select League players
A-League (1995–2004) players
Columbus Crew draft picks
Men's association football midfielders


Joshua Paul Pastner (born September 26, 1977) is an American college basketball coach, and the former head coach of the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets.

Pastner was a player on the 1997 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball national championship team, and an assistant coach at the University of Arizona under Lute Olson and at the University of Memphis under John Calipari. He was named the 2013 Sporting News Conference USA Coach of the Year, and the 2017 Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketball Coach of the Year.

Early and personal life

Pastner was born in Glen Dale, West Virginia, in the state's northern panhandle, the son of Marla and Hal Pastner. The family moved to Texas where his father is a high school/AAU coach and basketball promoter in the Houston area. His younger sister, Courtney, played guard in basketball for Kingwood High School, leading the All-Greater Houston Area in scoring her senior season with 23.2 points per game, and was named the 1999 All-Greater Houston Player of the Year, and the 1999 Gatorade "Circle of Champions" Texas High School Player of the Year, the 1999 Texas Girls Coaches Association Player of the Year (TGCA). He grew up in the Kingwood master-planned community
of Houston, Texas. Pastner is Jewish, and attended Friday night services regularly when he was a college student. To keep connected with Judaism, he carries a copy of Rabbi Abraham J. Twerski’s Growing Each Day with him and reads it on the road, saying: "It keeps you grounded. Obviously, if you could live in a constant state of prayer, it would be awesome, but it’s way easier said than done. It gives you life lessons. I travel a lot, so it gives me a chance to read and make sure I don’t lose my values."

Pastner knew he wanted to be a coach since he was in the 5th grade. By the age of 13 he was publishing the Josh Pastner Scouting Report of local high school talent in the Houston area. At the age of 16, the Houston Hoops AAU summer squad was turned over to Pastner by his father, his first job as a head coach. While an AAU coach, Pastner coached future NBA players such as Emeka Okafor, T. J. Ford and Daniel Gibson.

He married Kerri (née Lamas) in 2009, and has a stepson, Ethan, three daughters, Payten, Kamryn, Harper, and one son, Cason and one sister, Courtney, and one brother, Austin.

College

Pastner attended the University of Arizona, and was a walk-on freshman on its 1997 NCAA championship basketball team. Pastner finished his degree in only two and a half years, taking as many as 33 units per semester. He earned his bachelor's degree in Family Studies from Arizona in December 1998. He finished his master's degree in Teaching and Teacher Education in December 1999, and then began work on his doctorate and started his coaching career in 2000 as a graduate-assistant under Lute Olson at Arizona. He was named Academic All-Pac-10 second team as a senior in 2000. He played for the Wildcats for four years under Olson.

Coaching career

Pastner served as an assistant coach under Lute Olson and Kevin O'Neill at the University of Arizona from 2002 to 2008. Prior to Olson's retirement, Pastner left the University of Arizona to serve as an assistant coach and recruiting coordinator at the University of Memphis during the 2008-09 season. Pastner earned a reputation as a tireless recruiter during his years as an assistant coach.

Memphis

On April 6, 2009, at 31 years of age, Pastner was selected to be head coach of the University of Memphis Tigers basketball team, succeeding John Calipari. Pastner's first contract with Memphis was for $4.4 million over five years.

Pastner's recruits from the 2010 high school class were ranked as one of the best recruiting classes in the nation.  Pastner was named Sporting News Conference USA (C-USA) Coach of the Year for the 2009–10 season.

After a 2010-11 season that included a Conference USA tournament championship and appearance in the 2011 NCAA tournament, Pastner signed a 5-year, $1.7 million (annually) contract extension with the Tigers. After starting his career 0-13 against ranked teams, Pastner coached the Tigers to a 73-68 victory over #5 Oklahoma State on December 1, 2013.

On March 21, 2013, the Tigers defeated Saint Mary's 54–52, giving Pastner his first NCAA tournament victory as a head coach.  On the heels of his first NCAA victory and the signing of a top-five recruiting class for 2013, Pastner's contract was extended through 2019–20 and his pay raised to $2.65 million per year. He sometimes neglected his family to devote more time to recruiting. He said: "I was like I love my wife and children, but for the short-term that kid could help me beat Louisville. And my wife and daughter couldn’t. She understood. And so, we got that recruit."

The 2013–14 Tigers entered the season ranked #13 in the country, though the team ultimately earned an 8-seed in the NCAA tournament and lost by 18 points in the Round of 32 to Virginia. The 2014–15 Tigers did not make the NCAA or NIT tournament, the first time in 15 years that the Tigers had missed the postseason. In his first seven seasons coaching, Pastner's teams won 70 percent of their games, going 167-73 and averaging 24 wins a season. He was tied for the 10th-most wins for a head coach in his first seven seasons in NCAA Division I basketball history, and had the second-most victories of any active coach under the age of 40 in Division I.

Georgia Tech

On April 8, 2016, Pastner was hired to be the new head coach at Georgia Tech. He became the 14th head basketball coach in the school's history.

During the 2016–17 regular season, Pastner's Jackets knocked off Top 5 North Carolina at home, in his first coached ACC game at Georgia Tech. North Carolina would end up being the eventual National Champion. The Jackets also enjoyed quality wins at Virginia Commonwealth, at home against top-10 Florida State, and top-25 Notre Dame. Further improving throughout the season, Tech knocked off Syracuse and Pittsburgh late in February to finish 8-10 in the ACC. Tech was projected to finish last in the conference and to not win a single conference game in Pastner's first season. Because of the team's remarkable accomplishments, Pastner was named 2017 ACC Coach of the Year.

Georgia Tech was selected to the National Invitation Tournament as a #6 seed in the Syracuse bracket. They upset the Indiana Hoosiers at home 75-63 in the First Round. In Second Round, Georgia Tech defeated Belmont. A victory over Ole Miss put Georgia Tech in the NIT Final Four, where they defeated the #8 seed CSU Bakersfield. Georgia Tech played Texas Christian University (TCU) in the NIT Championship Game, but lost 88-56.

Georgia Tech struggled the next few years. Largely due to NCAA sanctions handed down due to Pastner’s friend Ron Bell. Bell violated recruiting rules and got Tech a postseason ban and limits on scholarships. Later on some of the punishments were dropped. Ron Bell and Jennifer Pendley were later arrested, charged, and pleaded guilty of federal felony crimes for extortion thru the United States Department of Justice, due to the made up false accusation of sexual assault on Pastner.

Tech and Pastner turned the corner in the 2019-20 season, going 17-14 and finishing 11-9 in conference play. It was Tech's first winning season in ACC play since 2004 and highest finish in the ACC since the 2005 season.  Some of the highlights of that season was a win over fifth ranked Louisville at home as well as winning their last six of seven to close out the season. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as their ban, Tech did not participate in the postseason.

Tech continued its momentum into the 2020-21 season. Going 17-9, they beat four ranked teams in the regular season and it was the first back to back winning ACC seasons in Tech history since 1990. Pastner and his 2021 squad won the ACC Tournament, first time since 1993, as they beat #15 Florida State in the Championship game. That win secured Tech’s first trip to the NCAA Tournament since 2010. It was also GT’s first ACC crown since 1993. The Jackets lost to Loyola Chicago in the first round. Moses Wright was ACC Player of The Year, while Jose Alvarado was ACC Defensive Player of The Year.

The success wouldn’t last though, Tech parted ways with Pastner on March 10, 2023 following two disappointing seasons. He finished 109–114 in his seven years coaching the Jackets. He finished as the fourth winningest coach in school history, behind only Hewitt, Hyder, and Cremins.

Head coaching record

See also
List of select Jewish basketball players

References

External links

Biography on Georgia Tech Athletics website

1977 births
Living people
American men's basketball coaches
Arizona Wildcats men's basketball coaches
Arizona Wildcats men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Texas
Basketball players from Houston
Basketball players from West Virginia
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets men's basketball coaches
Jewish American sportspeople
Jewish men's basketball players
Memphis Tigers men's basketball coaches
People from Glen Dale, West Virginia
People from Kingwood, Texas
American men's basketball players
21st-century American Jews


Kozuki or Kōzuki may refer to:

Places
Kōzuki, Hyōgo, town located in Sayō District, Hyōgo, Japan
Kōzuki Station, train station in Sayō, Sayō District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan
10368 Kozuki, a main-belt asteroid

People with the surname
Asako Kozuki, Japanese American voice actress
, Japanese footballer
Wataru Kozuki (born 1971), Japanese performing artist and a former member of the Takarazuka Revue

See also
Siege of Kōzuki (1578) when the army of Mōri Terumoto attacked and captured the castle of Kōzuki in Harima Province

Japanese-language surnames


There are a large variety of campus types and programs in the SUNY system; each site overlaps somewhat in specialties. SUNY divides its campuses into four categories: university centers / doctoral-granting institutions, comprehensive colleges, technology colleges, and community colleges. SUNY also has a unique relationship with its statutory colleges, which embed state-owned, state-funded colleges within other institutions such as Cornell University and Alfred University. Students at the statutory colleges pay tuition at a state-subsidized rate and are considered students of the private institutions in which the state-funded colleges are embedded.

SUNY and the City University of New York are different university systems, even though both are public institutions that receive funding from New York State. SUNY should not be confused with the University of the State of New York (USNY), which is the governmental umbrella organization for most education-related institutions and many education-related personnel (both public and private) in New York State, and which includes, as a component, the New York State Education Department.

The State University of New York at Potsdam, founded in 1816, is the oldest institution in the system. Empire State College, founded in 1971, is the most recent addition to the SUNY system.  In terms of enrollment, the largest institution is the University at Buffalo, with over 31,508 students and the smallest member is the College of Optometry, with 408 students. In terms of area, Stony Brook University is the largest public university in the state of New York.

All of the SUNY schools are accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, in addition to other program-specific accreditations held by individual campuses such as the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business and the Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs.  The system's central administration is in Albany, New York, in the Old Delaware and Hudson Railroad Company Building.

University centers / doctoral degree granting institutions

Comprehensive Colleges

Technology colleges

Community colleges

Map

Notes
  Each college's founding year is linked to the category of all schools founded in that year.

See also

Open SUNY
State University of New York Press

References

External links

New York State Education Department
State University of New York
State University of New York


Community building may refer to:
 Community building, a social process
 Community centre, a building used by the community

Community Building is also the name of the following individual buildings in the United States:
(by state then city)
 Chester Masonic Lodge and Community Building, Chester, Arkansas, listed on the NRHP in Arkansas
 Judsonia Community Building Historic District, Judsonia, Arkansas, listed on the NRHP in Arkansas
 Mineral Springs Community Building, West Fork, Arkansas, listed on the NRHP in Arkansas
 Old Vero Beach Community Building, Vero Beach, Florida, listed on the NRHP in Florida
 Manchester Community Building, Manchester, Georgia, listed on the NRHP in Georgia
 Linton Township High School and Community Building, Pimento, Indiana, listed on the NRHP in Indiana
 Community Building (Columbus Junction, Iowa), listed on the NRHP in Iowa
 Community Building (Princeton, Iowa), listed on the NRHP in Iowa
 Douglass Township Community Building, Douglass, Kansas, listed on the NRHP in Kansas
 Shady Grove School and Community Building, DeRidder, Louisiana, listed on the NRHP in Louisiana
 Churchill Theatre-Community Building, Church Hill, Maryland, listed on the NRHP in Maryland
 South Range Community Building, South Range, Michigan, listed on the NRHP in Michigan
 Dawson Armory and Community Building, Dawson, Minnesota, listed on the NRHP in Minnesota
 Stockton Community Building, Stockton, Missouri, listed on the NRHP in Missouri
 Ponca Tribal Self-Help Community Building Historic District, Niobrara, Nebraska, listed on the NRHP in Nebraska
 Community Building (Ticonderoga, New York), listed on the NRHP in New York
 Community Building (Salisbury, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in North Carolina
 Caddo Community Building, Caddo, Oklahoma, listed on the NRHP in Oklahoma
 Gould Community Building, Gould, Oklahoma, listed on the NRHP in Oklahoma
 Mangum Community Building, Mangum, Oklahoma, listed on the NRHP in Oklahoma
 Poteau Community Building, Poteau, Oklahoma, listed on the NRHP in Oklahoma
 Dunlap Community Building, Dunlap, Tennessee, listed on the NRHP in Tennessee
 Community Building (Sparta, Tennessee), listed on the NRHP in Tennessee
 Lewiston Community Building, Lewiston, Utah, listed on the NRHP in Utah
 Richmond Community Building, Richmond, Utah, listed on the NRHP in Utah
 Women's Christian Temperance Union Community Building, Morgantown, WV, listed on the NRHP in West Virginia


Presidents of the National Assembly of the Central African Republic

President of the Representative Council

President of the Territorial Assembly

President of the Territorial Assembly/Constituent and Legislative Provisional Assembly

Presidents of the Legislative Assembly (later the National Assembly)

Presidents of the National Transitional Council

Presidents of the National Assembly

References

See also
National Assembly (Central African Republic)

Politics of the Central African Republic
Central African Republic, National Assembly


Capen may refer to:

11696 Capen, main belt asteroid
Capen (crater), crater on Mars
Capen Street (MBTA station), station on MBTA's Ashmont-Mattapan High Speed Line
Parson Capen House, built in 1683 as the home of local pastor the Reverend Joseph Capen
Elisha Capen Monk, American businessman and politician

Surname
Charles L. Capen (1845–1927), Illinois lawyer
Elmer Hewitt Capen (1838–1905), the third president of Tufts College (now Tufts University)
Jerry Capen, fictional character on the American TV series The Larry Sanders Show
Joseph Capen (1658–1725), minister in Topsfield, Massachusetts, from 1681 to his death
Nahum Capen (1804–1886), American author and editor
Richard Goodwin Capen Jr. (born 1934), American ambassador
Ruth G. Capen (1893–1974), American chemist
Samuel Capen (1848–1943), sheriff of Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Samuel P. Capen (1878–1956), American educational administrator
Stephen Capen (1946–2005), popular American radio announcer and disc jockey


CBGB OMFUG Masters: Live June 29, 2001: The Bowery Collection is the first live album by American garage rock band The Mooney Suzuki, released on March 18, 2008.

Track listing
"It's Showtime, Pt. 1" – 1:59
"In a Young Man's Mind" – 2:57
"Singin' a Song About Today" – 4:03
"Natural Fact" – 2:52
"Everything's Gone Wrong" – 1:56
"Half of My Heart" – 4:53
"Oh Sweet Susanna" – 3:20
"Make My Way" – 3:30
"A Little Bit of Love" – 3:03
"I Woke Up This Mornin'" – 4:00

Personnel
The Mooney Suzuki
Sammy James Jr. – vocals, guitar
Graham Tyler – guitar
John Paul Ribas – bass
Will Rockwell-Scott – drums
Additional personnel
John Joh – design
Dustin Pittman – photography
"Handsome Dick" Manitoba – liner notes

References

The Mooney Suzuki albums
2008 live albums
Albums recorded at CBGB


The Fortress Study Group is a charity registered in the UK with an international membership. Its purpose is advancing the study of post-medieval artillery fortifications throughout the World.

History

The Fortress Study Group was formed in June 1975 at Pembroke College, Oxford amongst the founders were Jock Hamilton-Baillie, who became chairman in 1976, the late Quentin Hughes was the founding editor of the annual journal, and his Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester remains as patron.  Other notable members, past and present include Christopher Duffy, Simon Pepper, Anthony Kemp, Victor Smith, David Barnes, Major Davies & Mrs Davies, Sheila Sutcliffe, Arthur Corney, Henry Wills and the late Andrew Saunders, Ian V. Hogg and General Whitworth.  There are currently around 600 members worldwide.

Activities
The Group publishes an annual peer reviewed journal entitled FORT which contains articles on fortifications throughout the world.  Three times as year a newsletter, CASEMATES, is published which also covers visits to fortifications, new and reviews.  Annual Conferences and lecture days are held in the UK in order to disseminate new research on the subject.  Tours of fortifications outside the UK are also organised, often with access to sites not open to the public, in co-operation with other similar groups and local councils. There is a specialist library on the subject of fortification which is held at Fort Nelson as part of the Armouries Collection.

The group also offers small grants for the publication of works on fortification, such as Ramparts of Empire  and to Castle, Town defences and Artillery Fortifications in Britain and Ireland: a Bibliography 1945-2006

The preservation of fortifications through providing specialist advice to planners, developers, local authorities and owners. Small grants have also been made, called FSG Preservation Grants. For example, to: High Knoll Fort, St Helena; The Needles Battery, Isle of Wight for gun carriage restoration; the Royal Engineers Library and Museum, Chatham for a new display model of Fort Cliffe; and Fort Tourgis, Alderney for new signage for a battery. Starting in 2014 FSG makes an award to distinguish outstanding renovation of fortifications; the FSG Award is a plaque and was first awarded to Landguard Fort in Felixstowe.

The Fortress Study Group was involved in the Defence of Britain Project (April 1995 - March 2002) which aimed to record all surviving 20th century defences in Britain.  The group surveyed 270 sites on the Holderness coast in the UK in 1992 on behalf of the Royal Commission on the Historic Monuments of England.  This formed the basis of the Defence of Britain Project under the Council for British Archaeology.

In December 2015 a new joint project was started: The Defence of Gibraltar Project. It is a collaborative effort between the Friends of Gibraltar and the Fortress Study Group. The Government of Gibraltar is fully supporting this endeavour.
The purpose of this Project is to create a definitive database of the military landscape in Gibraltar (circa 1704 to 1960). The information will be collected from field visits and examination of historic documents. At this stage it is proposed to run the project for two years, subject to an annual review on progress. The information collected on the database will be made available to the Government of Gibraltar, and in particular the Gibraltar Heritage Trust, with a view to the future preservation of sites of interest. The newly formed, Fortress of Gibraltar Group are also coordinating their research with this Project, concentrating their efforts on the World War 2 landscape. See

Individual members have also been involved with restoration projects such as Fort Amherst, Harwich Redoubt, The Needles Batteries, Newhaven Fort and Chapel Bay Fort.

References

External links

Fortifications
Military historiography


The NSU Quick 50 was a light motorcycle manufactured by NSU Motorenwerke AG. NSU started producing the Quick 50 in Neckarsulm, Germany in 1962. 9,323 Quick 50 motorcycles were built before NSU stopped manufacturing motorcycles in 1965. Having produced bikes and automobiles since 1873, NSU was purchased by Volkswagen and was merged with Auto Union in 1969 to create Audi. To this day NSU bikes are sought after collectors' pieces, and for some still serve as functioning modes of transportation.

Quickly models
The Quick 50 was released around the same time as the Quickly-N-23. Both came as successors to a long line of lightweight bikes that started with the Quickly-N in 1953, which sold under 10,000 models in 1953, over 100,000 models in 1954 and over 200,000 models in 1955. The Quickly-N was followed by the Quickly-L, the Quickly-Cavalino, the Quickly TT and the Quickly S; together, these variations sold close to 800,000 models. The Quickly-N-23 was the last variation made by NSU that resembled the previous variations. The Quick 50 was the last motorcycle built by NSU after a 12 year run that produced over 1.1 million bikes in Quickly variations.

Quick-50 specs
While the Quickly-N-23 was a reworking of the previous models the Quick 50 was the last new design from NSU. Despite the new design the frame of the Quick 50 was developed from the frame previously used in the NSU Quickly TT. With 12 years of experience creating and releasing new motorcycles into the market NSU had gauged what was vital to the performance of the motorcycle and what was not. Outside of the frame, the Quick 50 varied vastly from the other bikes produced by NSU. The engine differed  in stroke (50 cc, two stroke), displacement (50 ccm), and compression ratio (0.0536 HP/kg), and delivered power through a four-speed transmission which reached velocities of up to 45 miles per hour.

The Quick 50 engine did not have pedals. As a result, the Quick 50 was not considered to be a moped in countries whose legal definition of a moped included the presence of pedals, as Germany's did. However, the moped market in the UK was booming and the company made a lot of sales to their friends to the West.

References

NSU motorcycles
Motorcycles introduced in 1963
Two-stroke motorcycles


The Sarcosomataceae are a family of fungi in the order Pezizales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 10 genera and 57 species. Most species are found in temperate areas, and are typically saprobic on rotten or buried wood.

References

Pezizales
Ascomycota families


Revelle may refer to:

13358 Revelle (1998 TA34) is a Main-belt Asteroid
Revelle College, the first college founded at the University of California, San Diego
Roger Revelle (1909–1991), scientist and scholar after whom Revelle College is named
USNS Roger Revelle (T-AGOR-24), research vessel operated by Scripps Institution of Oceanography
William Revelle, psychology professor at Northwestern University
Douglas ReVelle (1964–2010), scientist who worked in meteoritic sciences

See also
Revelles, commune in the Somme département in the Picardie region of France


This is a list of significant earthquakes recorded in Australia and its territories. The currency used is the Australian dollar (A$) unless noted otherwise.

List of earthquakes

Other earthquakes
Broome, 16 August 1929, magnitude 6.6, offshore earthquake to the north-west of Broome, Western Australia.
Simpson Desert, 21 December 1937, magnitude 6.0, in a remote location of the Simpson Desert in the Northern Territory, south-east of Alice Springs.
Simpson Desert, 27 June 1941, magnitude 6.5, in a remote location of the Simpson Desert in the Northern Territory, south-east of Alice Springs.
Broome, 14 July 2019, magnitude 6.6, offshore earthquake 200 km north-west of Broome, Western Australia, which caused minor damage in the town itself

See also

Earthquakes in Western Australia
Geology of Australia

References

Sources

External links
 Seismicity in Australia
 The 2012 Australian Earthquake Hazard Map – Geoscience Australia

earthquakes
Australia
earthquakes


Thébault may refer to:

13775 Thébault, main belt asteroid with an orbital period of 4.39 years
Alain Thébault (born 1962), French yachtsman
Jacques Thébault (1924–2015), French comedian and voice actor
Victor Thébault (1882–1960), French mathematician best known for propounding three problems in geometry
Thébault's theorem, a geometry problem he proposed
Thébault, Dutch variant of Rugby football


Legenda (Latin, "things to be read") is an imprint founded in 1995 by the European Humanities Research Centre at Oxford University, England.

In 2004, Legenda became an imprint of the Modern Humanities Research Association, in partnership with Maney Publishing. Under the guidance of Malcolm Bowie, late Master of Christ's College, Cambridge, this new press underwent rapid growth. Recent successes include Clive Scott's Channel Crossings: French and English Poetry in Dialogue 1550-2000, which was awarded the 2004 Gapper Prize as the best contribution to French studies of its year, and Shun-liang Chao's Rethinking the Concept of the Grotesque: Crasahw, Baudelaire, Magritte, which was awarded an honourable mention for the 2013 Anna Balakian Prize by the International Comparative Literature Association..

References

1995 establishments in England
Publishing companies established in 1995
Academic publishing companies
Organisations associated with the University of Oxford


The Foxfield Races are a set of steeplechase races that originated in 1978 and are held twice annually in Albemarle County, Virginia, approximately eight miles northwest of downtown Charlottesville.  It is a popular tradition for much of the community as well as students of the University of Virginia and other universities on the East Coast.  Foxfield holds two races each year, one in the fall and another in the spring. The fall race has a more family-friendly atmosphere, while the spring race tends to attract a larger proportion of local college students. Each race generally benefits a local organization or charity; previous groups include Service Dogs of Virginia, the Ronald McDonald House, and Kids Pan Alley. There are many different color passes that can be purchased allowing access to certain areas in and around the track itself. Tickets can be purchased from the official website or from numerous outlets around the Charlottesville area, as well as surrounding areas.  Traditionally, students and other attendees dress in a Southern, aristocratic style often seen at other steeplechase and horse racing events across the South.  Seersucker, bowties, and pastel colors predominate the atmosphere, particularly at the spring race.

History
The Foxfield Races are premier steeplechase horse racing events held annually in Albemarle, Virginia. The races take place twice a year: the last Saturday in April, and the last Sunday in September.  The races were created by Mariann de Tejeda on property that was once owned by the well-known Virginian horseman, huntsman, and teacher, Grover Vandevender.  The property was originally a private horse farm. When De Tejeda bought the property after Vandevender's death in 1973, she began the construction of a steeplechase course dedicated to his memory. The final product fulfilled the dreams envisioned by de Tejeda and the late Vandevender. The first Foxfield race was held in the spring of 1978, and has since become a popular tradition among Charlottesville residents, students of the University of Virginia, as well as alumni from the university.
Foxfield is a tailgating event, and thus, unlike many steeplechase racing events, there are no grandstands.  There are many different ticket options for the race, hence some purchase general admission tickets and observe the race along the hillsides of the course.  Furthermore, there are many sponsors of the race, and businesses are able to rent out private tents.  Attendees of the race are known to wear fairly formal clothing, and even tailgates with elaborate spreads of elegant china and linens reflect upon this image.

Spring races: a UVA tradition
The Foxfield Races are a longstanding University of Virginia tradition. Some chide the event as the pinnacle representation of the upper middle class nature of UVA's student demographic. Students use Race Day as an excuse to break out their “preppiest” attire. There is an abundance of pastel colors, Lilly Pulitzer patterns, and large sun hats. Girls are found wearing sundresses, and many boys don a colorful bowtie for the occasion. Students tailgate at plots which are often organized through Greek organizations or other student groups.

Each spring the Foxfield Races hold a “black tie” event the evening before the big race. The event supports local charities. The 2009 beneficiary, for example, was the Ronald McDonald House of Charlottesville. The event took the form of a “Sumo Gala." Complete with 12-world class Sumo wrestlers from the United States Sumo Confederation, the tournament was modeled after a Las Vegas-style boxing match. Instead of the usual dinner and dance, the evening was filled with a sushi feast and auction.

Fall races: family weekend
Each fall the Foxfield Races holds a fall race and family weekend. The fall races sees an attendance of around 3,000 to 4,000 people year, a number small in comparison to the 25,000 that attend the spring race each year. Family weekend is a more relaxed atmosphere than that of the spring race. The activities are directed toward family participation. It is held each year on the last Sunday of September and benefits a local organization. Past beneficiaries include the Service Dogs of Virginia Foundation and the Shelter for Help and Emergency. This race targets the Charlottesville area as well as its surrounding communities.

Race day

Watching the races

Watching a steeplechase race is a rather simple undertaking, as it is the horse that comes over the finish line first that wins. However, before this occurs, several steps must be undergone.  First, the horse's trainer must officially declare that the horse is on grounds for a specified period before the beginning of its race.  Furthermore, the rider must report to the clerk of scales and weigh out with the minimum prescribed weight. If the jockey and his gear do not meet the minimum weight requirement, lead is inserted into the saddle pad.
At the specified time, the horse, trainer, and jockey must report to the paddock area or saddling enclosure.  It is there that the horse is tacked up with a racing bridle and saddle, the proper girth straps, and a number cloth.  The paddock judge then checks the horse as well as the jockey's silks.  After approval, the horses are then paraded to the post and come under starter's orders.  The starter of the race always tries to arrange a start that is fair for all of the horses and jockeys.  At the drop of the tape or flags, the race begins.
During the race, the horses must stay on the prescribed track, and, if obstacles are involved, they must jump over each one in the proper order.  There must not be interference by horses and jockeys with the other horses and jockeys.  At the end of the race, the placing judges note the horses and jockeys order of finish.  At this point, the riders and their horses return to the judges’ area and wait for permission to be dismounted, though at this time no one is allowed to touch the rider or tack until he has weighed in.  And finally, with no objections, and if the patrol judges report that all went smoothly and the jockeys weigh in with their original start of the race weight, the unofficial race results are declared official.
At the Foxfield Races, there are no grandstands; therefore viewers are encouraged to walk up to the straight-away or fences where they are able to see the race up close.

Viewing areas and accommodations
Given the lack of grandstands at the race, spectators are divided into multiple viewing areas. Access to these areas is generally determined by the type (or color) of ticket the spectator purchases. The different colors correspond to the location of the viewing area.
 Orange section: the Orange section is one of two areas in the infield of the racetrack, and is generally reserved for students. This section also includes the race tower, paddock, and president's tent.
 Green section: the Green section is the second of the two areas in the infield of the racetrack, and generally holds students, alumni, and the general public.
 Blue section: the Blue section is located on the outside rail, and is open to the general public.
  Purple and Pink sections: the Pink and Purple sections are also located on the outside rail, and hold event sponsors and patrons.
 Yellow section: the Yellow section is also on the outside rail, and is available to seniors and the handicapped.

The Foxfield Racing Association also set up two more exclusive viewing areas to appeal to sponsors of the event.
Chalet Tents: These are tents located on the infield of the races, separated from the Orange and Green sections. Chalet tents offer a larger amount of space than a normal plot on the infield and also provide a more social environment that contrasts the private environment of the South Hill Tent area.  The Tents are about 400 sq. ft. and are welcomed to large parties and entertainment.
South Hill: This is a tent area located on the outfield of the race that is removed from other viewing sections in a more private location.   The tent area also includes its own parking so that those going to the South Hill Tent area do not have to be a part of the Foxfield traffic around the East and West Gate entrances.  In the past groups such as the Charlottesville Young Professionals, Wintergreen Performing Arts Center etc. have all rented out South Hill Tents in order to bring groups of people together to meet and get to know one another.

Sponsorships
Every year the Foxfield Racing Association (FRA) allows a large number of corporations to come sponsor the Foxfield Races.  This allows a company to promote their products to the large number of people that attend the Foxfield Races each year.  Also this as a way to provide entertainment for fellow employees, families, and prospects.  By becoming a sponsor, the company is offered a variety of specialty packages.

Environmental initiatives

Go Green
As a part of 2009 Foxfield Races, the Foxfield Racing Association (FRA) has initiated a “Go Green” Program which encourages people attending the races to not use glass and to start recycling their cans.  As a part of the “Go Green” program the FRA will now transport all trash from the races to a recycling center and not a landfill.  Also another part of the program is that the FRA has provided large containers (supplied by the company Container Rentals) for attendees to put filled trash bags.  This program is a reply to the complaints of many civilians and people of the amount of trash that is left behind or found after the Spring Foxfield race, and as a response to the cooler size change which will lead to a large increase in Styrofoam coolers.

Liability and safety

Alcohol policies
Out of the approximately 23,000 patrons attending the event, about 8,000 are college students who attend the University of Virginia and other schools. Patrons 21 and older are allowed to drink alcohol at Foxfield on race day. In the past, this demographic has worn “over 21” armbands, but since 2009 ID checking has become the norm. Patrons must carry their IDs all day as ABC agents and police will be checking the IDs of spectators.

In 2008 Albemarle County Commonwealth Attorney Denise Lunsford was quoted saying “What in the past has been sometimes loosely referred to as 'the Foxfields discount’ will not be the case anymore”. From this point onward crimes committed at the races would no longer be seen as a minor offense, but would be treated with the same weight as a regular crime.  Also the regulations of 2008 brought about the ban of alcohol-related items such as ice luges, and beer bongs.

A student-formed group at the University of Virginia called “Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention Team” (ADAPT) partners with a number of groups to promote protective drinking behavior and safe transportation options at the Foxfield Races. The group has coordinated student education programs at UVA to inform students how to minimize the risks of drinking and provide alternatives for getting home. In the past, the program has been held as a panel discussion made up of ADAPT members, the Foxfield Racing Association, local police and Alcoholic Beverage Control agents, the local commonwealth's attorney, the Rescue Squad, and the UVA dean of students. The Foxfield Racing Association funds a non-drinking driver program called “The Savvy Fox”. This program is administered by ADAPT. If a patron signs the Savvy Fox Pledge at the race meet, thy agree to be a designated driver and not drink all day, and receive a coupon for lunch and free non-alcoholic drinks. The sign up tables and distribution area are a part of the ADAPT safety tent. In 2008, 466 individuals signed the Savvy Fox Pledge.

Medical safety
There are three first aid stations at Foxfield on the day of the races. These stations are staffed by the UVA Emergency Department and are identified by a large white flag with a green first aid cross. The three station locations are: in between the airplane hangar and the West Gate, in the Orange student section, and in the Green section just after the crossing gate.

Past winners
These are the winners of the past ten years of the Spring and Fall Foxfield horse races.  Each race is made up of about six or seven races depending on the year, and the weather of that year.  The purses vary with each race.  Some of the races have no purse because the race was labeled as a “training flat” meaning that it was just a race on the turf of the track, no hurdles or fences.

References

External links
Foxfield Races 2008 Photos
Foxfield Races at the Official Charlottesville Convention & Visitors Bureau

Steeplechase (horse racing)


Segner may refer to:

28878 Segner (2000 KL41), a Main-belt Asteroid discovered in 2000
Johann Andreas Segner (1704–1777), Carpatho-German mathematician, physicist, and physician
Segner (crater), lunar crater located northeast of the giant walled plain Bailly
Segner wheel, type of water turbine invented by Ján Andrej Segner in the 18th century


Anquetil is a Norman surname, former first name, from Old Norse Ásketill, combination of as "god" (see ōs) and ketill "cauldron" (see kettle).

Anquetil may refer to:

Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron (1731–1805), French orientalist, brother of historian Louis-Pierre Anquetil
Emmanuel Anquetil, unionist and second leader of the Mauritius Labour Party
Jacques Anquetil (1934–1987), French road racing cyclist
Louis-Pierre Anquetil (1723–1808), French historian
Grégory Anquetil (1970-), French handball player

Other forms and similar names
Anctil
Anketell (disambiguation)

External links

Surnames of Norman origin


Peter Kemp (1853-1921) was one of seven Australians who each won the World Sculling Championship (Professional) between 1876 and 1905.

He was born on the banks of the Hawkesbury River near Windsor, New South Wales, on 15 November 1853. As a boy growing up he taught himself to row. In 1873 he and his brother Thomas won a double sculls race of four miles in a time of thirty-three minutes.

Early racing
His first race of note was when he won a skiff race at the Sackville Beach Regatta on the Hawkesbury River on 24 May 1881. He won this particular race four years in succession. In 1883 he won a professional match race at £10 a side by winning a light skiffs event at Sackville. The following year at the same location he rowed George Solomon for £50 a side in light skiffs over three miles and won. His next major race was in October 1884 over three and a quarter miles and for £200 a side against Neil Matterson, a man Kemp, and Bill Beach, were later to row for the World Title. The race was run in "best boats" i.e. lightweight racing craft. This was Kemp's first race in such boats but he managed to lead for the first half of the race. At this point he became so distressed that he had to stop rowing and thus lost the race.

Over the next two years he won a number of smaller races and handicap events and collected some useful prize money. In 1886, he travelled to England with Bill Beach who twice defended his World Title there. Kemp had no great success in England and returned to Australia where he continued to have wins in some of the local regattas and small match races. It was around this time that Kemp went into an intensive regime to improve his rowing. In 1887 he again meet Matterson on the Parramatta River and won with little effort.

World Champion
Kemp was something of a protégée of Beach or at least a training partner. After Beach had won the World Title (1884) and successfully defended an unprecedented six challenges he decided to retire in late 1887 as undefeated champion and announced he was handing the Title to Kemp. It would appear that Beach had arranged for Kemp to challenge for the Title and under the rules then in place declined to accept the challenge within the regulation three months thereby forfeiting the Title. There was no controlling body for the Title (nor for most professional sport titles of the time) so the arrangement stood despite many of the public believing that Kemp was not good enough and unworthy of the Title. A number of commentators believed the situation was rigged and were outraged at the situation.

First defence

Kemp was keen to defend his otherwise empty title and to demonstrate his skills to the public. He wanted to prove he was worthy and so accepted a title challenge from Thomas Clifford, a fellow Australian. The race was set down for 11 February 1888 on the Parramatta River, Sydney, over the usual distance of three and a quarter miles and for a stake of £200 a side. Because of the situation more interest was shown by the public for this race that might normally have been the case. Several large harbour steamers were near the course and a large number of spectators lined the various vantage points on the banks. Kemp won the toss and chose the southern side which gave him an advantage. Kemp took the lead at the start and pulled steadily away from his opponent until at the mile point he was in the lead by four lengths. No effort by Clifford made any difference and Kemp crossed the line about six lengths ahead. The time was 23m.47.5s.

Second and third defences

Kemp's next challenge was from Edward Hanlan a Canadian. Hanlan was a much tougher proposition as he had been a seven times World Champion from 1880 until 1884 when he was beaten by Beach. The race was scheduled for 5 May 1888 and was again raced on the Parramatta River. This time the stake was £500 a side which was a huge sum of money in those days compared to ordinary wages. Great interest in the race was again taken by the public. At this time Kemp was reported to have the following physical details. A strongly built, muscular man who was  tall, and had a chest measurement of . His weight was .

The men got away to a clean start with Kemp taking a small lead early although Hanlan soon levelled. First one, then the other, had the advantage but neither gained much until at Putney a foul occurred and Hanlan took the advantage and shot out four lengths to the good. Kemp then made a most determined effort and was soon only half a length behind. Hanlan spurted again but Kemp kept up and was soon level. Hanlan then showed some signs of distress and slipped behind but then made another effort to overcome the leader. However Kemp sculled away and won by a length in a time of 21m.26s. Hanlan entered a protest over being fouled by Kemp but later withdrew it. The race was considered to be one of the finest ever rowed on that river.

Hanlan must have still fancied his chances and issued another challenge against Kemp. This was accepted and the race was scheduled for 28 September 1888. It was unusual to have had this many Championship races over such a short time. Often a year or longer would pass between these races. Again the stake was £500 a side and was again raced on the Parramatta River. The result was an easy win by nine lengths to Kemp despite Hanlan claiming a foul. The referee disallowed the foul deciding that Hanlan was to blame. This was Hanlan's last World Title race of the twelve he competed in. Kemp's time was 20m.30s.

Fourth defence

Kemp only had a very short time until his next race. He had been challenged for the Title by another Australian, Henry Ernest Searle and the race was agreed to be run on 27 October 1888, on the Parramatta. The usual £500 a side was at stake. At the start Searle took the lead and although Kemp made great efforts he could never overtake the leader who won by about twenty lengths in a time of 22m.44s.

World Champion again

Searle did not have any Title defences in Australia but went to England where he defeated a Canadian challenger, William Joseph O'Connor, on the Thames River in 1889. As Searle was returning on a ship to Australia he contacted typhoid fever and died in Melbourne in December 1889. Peter Kemp then reclaimed the World Title on the grounds that he was the best living sculler and had been the immediate past world champion. O'Conner also laid claim to the Title on the basis that he was the last challenger. This claim had some support in England but as the centre for sculling was Sydney, Kemp's claim was accepted by the leading Australian sporting newspapers, and by implication, the sporting public. There was no controlling body for the World Title. The only time previously the champion had died while 'in office' was when James Renforth died in 1871. The next race was then for an open Title.

Fifth defence

Neil Matterson had been Searle's coach and was now of the opinion that he could beat Kemp and thus challenged for the World Title. It was agreed they would race on 25 April 1890 on the Parramatta River. This time the stake was only £200 a side – the same as for their first race. A large number of people viewed the race and both men were described as being in excellent form. After a splendid start Kemp managed to get ahead and stayed there until the finish. He exhausted Matterson who trailed some two hundred and fifty yards behind Kemp as he crossed the line in 21m.13s.

Sixth defence

Less than a month later, on 15 May, Kemp was back out on the Parramatta water defending his Title and a stake of £200 a side. This time he was against John McLean, another Australian. After the start a great race ensued to Uhr's Point and then Kemp took the lead. Despite a brilliant spurt by McLean he was unable to pass the leader who "won as he liked" by six lengths in a time of 23m.46s.

Final title race

John McLean believed he was good enough to be the World Champion and again challenged Kemp to a race. The date agreed to was 15 December 1890 and once again it was held on the Parramatta River with the stake set at £200 a side. Kemp got away better at the start and was soon had a lead of half a length. Both boats came close together and McLean fouled Kemp who stopped rowing for a couple of strokes. McLean took advantage of this and went half a length ahead. However Kemp soon got underway and spurted and was quickly ahead again. McLean then made an effort and slipped ahead. He sculled well and despite the best work of Kemp he was unable to overtake McLean who finished six lengths ahead in a time of 22m.13s. The referee decided the foul in McLean's favour. Kemp was dissatisfied with the result and offered to row either McLean or Jim Stanbury for £500 a side after April the following year. This did not happen and Stanbury later beat McLean for the title.

Personal life

Peter Kemp was married in 1874 in Windsor to Henrietta Jones. They had nine children but Henrietta died following the birth of daughter Bertha in 1891. Kemp remarried, to Bertha Lawler also in 1891. Two further children were born. Kemp died on 1 December 1921, aged 68 years. He was buried at Rookwood, New South Wales.

Kemp Street in the Sydney suburb of Tennyson Point is named after Kemp. Nearby streets are named after some of the other Australian World Sculling Champions, vis, Beach, Searle, Stanbury, and (George) Towns. They are not far from the Championship course on the Parramatta River.

External links

The 'Otago Witness' newspaper 24 February 1888, 18 May 1888, 18 December 1890.

The 'Evening Post' newspaper 7 May 1888, 12 May 1888, 27 October 1888, 29 October 1888.

The 'Wanganui Herald' newspaper 14 May 1888, 16 May 1890.

The 'Timaru Herald' newspaper 29 September 1888.

The 'Marlborough Express' newspaper 11 October 1888, 26 April 1890.

 Seven Australian World Champion Scullers, , published 2010.

1853 births
1921 deaths
Australian male rowers
Professional rowers
Sportsmen from New South Wales