Emmy Klieneberger-Nobel (February 15, 1892 – September 11, 1985) was a German Jewish microbiologist and a founder of mycoplasma bacterial research. She performed most of her research at the Lister Institute in London, England, after having been expelled from Germany by the Nazis.

Education and early life
Klieneberger-Nobel was born on February 15, 1892, in Frankfurt, Germany, to Sophie , a homemaker, and Abraham Adolph Klieneberger, a successful wine merchant. She was the youngest of four siblings, with two older brothers and a sister. Although the family was Jewish, her parents resigned from the Jewish community and had some of their children baptized, seeking assimilation into German society.

Klieneberger-Nobel attended a teacher's training college and received her teaching certificate in 1911. Afterwards, she began studying botany, zoology, mathematics, and physics at the University of Göttingen. In 1914 she returned to her home city of Frankfurt and continued her studies at the newly founded University of Frankfurt. She received her Ph.D. in botany in 1917, under Professor Martin Möbius.

Afterwards, she again studied mathematics in Göttingen for one semester, and after her return to Frankfurt in 1918 completed the state examination for teaching in the upper secondary school. After a one-year trainee-ship at schools in Frankfurt, she passed the pedagogical exam in November 1919. She then worked for three years from 1919 to 1922 teaching physics, chemistry, biology, and arithmetic at a private girls' school in Dresden.

Career

Germany
In 1922, Klieneberger-Nobel was hired as a bacteriologist at the Hygiene Institute of the University of Frankfurt. She trained under Professor  and became a member of the German Society for Hygiene and Bacteriology, publishing scientific journal articles on a wide variety of topics in bacteriology. In 1930, she became the first female lecturer at the University of Frankfurt when she qualified as a lecturer in the Medical Faculty. However, her career was cut short by the rise of the Nazi Party. In September 1933, due to her Jewish descent, she was stripped of teaching authority on the basis of the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service. Klieneberger-Nobel received a fellowship from the American Association of University Women in 1934 after being dismissed from her position in Germany, and she used the funds to move to England.

England
Upon relocating to England, Klieneberger-Nobel received a position as a researcher at the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine in London, where she would remain for the rest of her career. Over the next three decades, she published about 80 scientific publications, in particular on the morphology and morphogenesis of bacteria.

Her work at the Lister Institute focused on mycoplasma, a type of microorganism that was poorly understood at the time. During her career, Klieneberger-Nobel contributed significantly to mycoplasma research and her work provided the foundation for later research into how these microorganisms cause infectious disease. In 1934, she was the first to establish the differences between mycoplasmas and other bacteria species. She then developed a special nutrient agar blend and culturing technique that allowed organisms causing bronchopneumonia in rats and mice to be grown in the laboratory for the first time. She later used this technique to isolate and identify several pathogenic species of mycoplasma, including M. arthritides and M. pneumoniae.

She was awarded the Jenner Memorial Scholarship from the Lister Institute in 1935.

In addition, in 1935 she discovered and cultured unusual strains of bacteria that lacked a cell wall, naming these strains "L-form bacteria" after the Lister Institute where she was working.  These special cell-wall-free forms of some bacterial species, which arise under certain culture conditions, have been implicated in antibiotic resistant infections.

During World War II, limited resources caused Klieneberger-Nobel to turn her attention to collecting micrographs of important species of bacteria, including Myxobacterium, Streptomyces, and Bacillus species. The images were taken using a Zeiss microscope and Leica plate camera that she purchased during a return visit to Germany in 1934. Many were subsequently included in her book “Focus on Bacteria”, an illustrated guide published in 1965.

In 1962, shortly before she retired, Klieneberger-Nobel published the first book devoted to mycoplasmas, entitled "Pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO) Mycoplasmataceae". Around the same time, the importance of mycoplasmas as pathogens in humans, animals, and plants was recognized. The increasing relevance of Klieneberg-Nobel's fundamental work on their morphology and growth cemented her role as one of the founders of mycoplasma microbiology.

Klieneberg-Nobel remained at the Lister Institute until her retirement in 1962, interrupted only by a brief work at the Institute of Hygiene of the City of Zurich in 1947.

Personal life
After seeking refuge in England, Klieneberger-Nobel made several attempts to rescue her mother and sister from Nazi Germany, including a final visit to Germany in 1938. She was unsuccessful and both eventually died in 1941. Her brother Carl Klieneberger took his own life in September 1938 due to increasing anti-Semitic persecution, shortly before his license to practice medicine was due to be withdrawn. Later, Klieneberger-Nobel was able to provide help to several of her nieces and nephews who escaped to England.

In 1943 she met the pediatrician Professor Edmund Nobel. Also Jewish, he had been born in Hungary and graduated in 1910 from the University of Vienna. When the Nazis invaded Austria in 1938 he was Chief Physician at the Mautner Makhof Children's Hospital in Vienna. Edmund Nobel was expelled from his post and eventually came to England.

The two married on 28 January 1944 with an informal lunch attended by Professor Albert Neuberger, also a refugee from Germany. Edmund died from a heart complaint just two years later in 1946, at the age of 62. They had no children.

After retiring from the Lister Institute, Klieneberger-Nobel made several journeys abroad, including trips to Europe, the US, Australia, and to Colombia, where one of her nieces was living.

In 1977, Klieneberger-Nobel published her autobiography in German. The English translation under the title “Memoirs” appeared in 1980.

Klieneberg-Nobel died on September 11, 1985, at the age of 93.

Notable publications
 Pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO) Mycoplasmataceae. London and New York 1962
 Focus on Bacteria. Academic Press, London 1965
 Pioneering achievements for medical microbiology. Memoirs. Fischer, Stuttgart / New York, NY 1977,  ; English edition: Memoirs. Translated by Francis A. Blake. Academic Press, London 1980,  (autobiography).

Honors and awards
In 1976, she became the first honorary life member of the newly founded International Organization for Mycoplasmology (IOM).

In 1980, the IOM instituted the biennial “Emmy Klieneberger-Nobel Award” for outstanding achievement in research in the field of mycoplasmology.

On her 75th birthday in 1967, she was made an honorary member of the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin.

In 1980, the Robert Koch Medal was bestowed on her by the President of the then Federal Republic of Germany, Karl Carstens, in the city of Bonn

See also
 The International Organization for Mycoplasmology
 Emmy Klieneberger-Nobel: Memoirs (in English) Academic Press Inc (London) Ltd, 1980,

References

External links
Two early ‘general microbiologists’ Microbiology Today August 2005

German microbiologists
British microbiologists
Women microbiologists
Jewish scientists
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom
1892 births
1985 deaths
Robert Koch Institute people
20th-century British women scientists


The Rio Negro tuco-tuco (Ctenomys rionegrensis) is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is found in a small fragmented range in Entre Ríos Province in northeastern Argentina and in the Río Negro Department of western Uruguay. It is restricted to sand dunes, and is threatened by the conversion of this habitat to forestry plantations.

References

Mammals of Argentina
Mammals of Uruguay
Mammals described in 1970
Tuco-tucos


State Route 73 (abbreviated SR 73) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways, a coastal route located in southern Knox County.  It runs for  from an intersection with SR 131 in St. George to an intersection with U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Rockland.

Route description
SR 73 begins in St. George at SR 131 about  north of Marshall Point.  SR 73 runs roughly parallel to SR 131 on the coastline, passing through the towns of South Thomaston and Owls Head without any major junctions.  SR 73 crosses into Rockland and proceeds due north into the town center, where it ends at US 1.

SR 73 is known as Seal Harbor Road in St. George, Spruce Head Road in Spruce Head, Elm Street in South Thomaston, and Weskeag Road, Ingraham Drive and South Main Street in Rockland. Knox County Regional Airport is located along SR 73 in Owls Head.

Junction list

References

External links

Floodgap Roadgap's RoadsAroundME: Maine State Route 73

073
Transportation in Knox County, Maine


Saint-Édouard is a municipality in the Jardins de Napierville Regional County Municipality in Quebec, Canada, situated in the Montérégie administrative region. The population as of the Canada 2016 census was 1,321.

Demographics

Population

Language

See also
Les Jardins-de-Napierville Regional County Municipality
Rivière de la Tortue (Delson)
List of municipalities in Quebec

References

Incorporated places in Les Jardins-de-Napierville Regional County Municipality
Municipalities in Quebec


is a monthly Japanese seinen manga magazine published on the 19th of each month by Akita Shoten since August 19, 2002 (cover date October 2002), initially published as a shōnen magazine. Since 2015, the magazine slogan is .

 was a special manga edition of Champion Red that ceased publication in 2014.

Current serializations
Captain Harlock: Dimensional Voyage ()
Dead Tube ()
Kenrantaru Grande Scène ()
Jinrouki Winvurga ()
Otome no Chigiri ()
Scarface
Shinju no Nectar ()
Galaxy Express 999 Another Story: Ultimate Journey ()
Franken Fran Frantic (February 2019)
Cyborg 009 BOOGPARTS DELETE ()
Saint Seiya: Meiō Iden - Dark Wing ()
Misumi-san wa Misukasenai ()
Isekai no Hime to no Koi Bakuchi ni, Jinrui no Sonbō ga Kakkatemasu ()
Saint Seiya: Rerise of Poseidon ()
Kojirase Tensei Maō to 7-nin no Oshikake Otome no Ragnarok System ()
Casshern R ()

Past serializations

Champion Red
Alien Nine Emulators by Hitoshi Tomizawa (2002)
Batman & the Justice League (June 19, 2017 - May 17, 2019)
Blassreiter: Genetic ( - )
Cat Paradise ( - )
Change 123 ( - )
Devilman Grimoire ( - )
Densha Otoko: The Story of a Train Man Who Fell in Love With A Girl ( - )
Fuan no Tane by Masaaki Nakayama ( - )
Franken Fran ( - )
Gomaden Shutendoji ( - )
Linebarrels of Iron ( - )
Princess Tutu ( - )
Saint Seiya Episode.G ( - )
Saint Seiya: Saintia Shō ( - )
The Qwaser of Stigmata ( - )
Ray ( - )
Shounen Princess: Putri Harimau Naoko ( – )
Shin Mazinger Zero ( - )
Witchblade Takeru ( - )
Yakuza Girl ( - )
Yomeiro Choice ( - , pulled from Champion Red Ichigo)

Champion Red Ichigo
Aki Sora ( - )
The Everyday Tales of a Cat God ( - )
The Fruit of Grisaia: Sanctuary Fellows (, moved to Champion Cross)
Junk: Record of the Last Hero ( - , pulled from Champion Red)
Kagaku Na Yatsura (2010 - 2013)
Koi Koi Seven ( - , pulled from Champion Red)
Rescue Me! ( - )
Saint Seiya Episode.G: Assassin (, moved to Champion Cross)
Shigurui ( - , pulled from Champion Red)

References

External links

ComiPedia Page

2002 establishments in Japan
Akita Shoten magazines
Magazines established in 2002
Magazines established in 2006
Magazines published in Tokyo
Monthly manga magazines published in Japan
Seinen manga magazines
Shōnen manga magazines


"Kiss a Girl" is a song recorded by Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released in March 2009 as the second single from his 2009 album Defying Gravity. The song reached number three on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. The song also became his highest peak on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 16, and his only top 20 on that chart to date. Urban co-wrote this song with Monty Powell.

Along with eventual Idol winner Kris Allen, Urban performed the song live during the finale of the eighth season of American Idol on 20 May 2009.

Content
"Kiss a Girl" is a moderate up-tempo song in which the male narrator expresses a desire to fall in love with a female.

Critical reception
Thom Jurek of AllMusic cited "Kiss a Girl" as a standout track on the album, calling it a "tight little rocker". He said that it and "Sweet Thing", the album's first single, "are 21st century equivalents of rock & roll love songs." Jonathan Keefe of Slant Magazine described the song unfavorably, saying that it was a retread of his previous single "Sweet Thing", which itself was described as a retread of Urban's earlier material.

Music videos
Both a finalised and a promotional music video for "Kiss a Girl" are available for view on CMT and were both directed by Chris Hicky.

Promotional video
The promotional video for the song premiered in April 2009 on CMT's website. It consists of Urban and his band performing in front of a green screen. Some of these scenes were later edited and included the TV video.

Official video
The official video was found on iTunes on 25 May 2009. It consists of Urban and the band performing in an animated city. Also included is two people who eventually find each other and fall in love. At the end, the ferris wheel they ride displays "KISS" on each car, a reference to the song's title.

Track listing

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications and sales

Release history

References

Songs about kissing
2009 singles
Keith Urban songs
Song recordings produced by Dann Huff
Songs written by Monty Powell
Songs written by Keith Urban
Capitol Records Nashville singles
Music videos directed by Chris Hicky
2009 songs


Pierre François Sauret de la Borie (23 March 1742, Gannat, Allier – 24 June 1818) led a combat division under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte during the Castiglione Campaign in 1796. He enlisted in the French army as a private in 1756. During the Seven Years' War he fought at Hastenbeck and Rossbach. He became a first lieutenant in 1789 and a lieutenant colonel in 1792. Assigned to the Army of the Eastern Pyrenees, served with distinction during the War of the Pyrenees against Spain. He was promoted to general officer in 1793 and became one of three infantry division commanders in the field army. He led his division at Palau, Boulou, Collioure, Black Mountain, Roses, and Bascara. He transferred to the Army of Italy in 1795. Bonaparte called him a very good soldier, but unlucky. He retired from active military service in order to enter politics.

Early career
Born in Gannat on 23 March 1742, Sauret joined the French royal army in 1756 as an enlisted man in the Guyenne Regiment. He fought in a number of actions during the Seven Years' War, including the Battle of Rossbach at the age of 15, becoming a sergeant in 1763. He slowly advanced in rank until 1780, when he became an officer, and by 1792 he was a captain.

French Revolutionary War

War of the Pyrenees
In 1792, Sauret served in the Army of the Alps. During 1793–1795, he fought in the Army of the eastern Pyrenees against Spain and earned rapid advancement. In October 1793 he was elevated to the rank of general of brigade. In December he was wounded in the left leg at the battle of Villelongue-dels-Monts and received promotion to general of division.

When Jacques François Dugommier took command in January 1794, he reorganized the army into three infantry divisions and a cavalry reserve. Sauret, Dominique Pérignon, and Pierre Augereau became the infantry division commanders and André de La Barre the cavalry leader. During Dugommier's offensive, Sauret led his troops in the French victory at the Battle of Boulou on 30 April and 1 May 1794. His troops, including the brigades of Jean-François Micas, Louis Pelletier, Jean-Jacques Causse, Jean Simon Pierre Pinon, and Claude Perrin Victor, participated in the siege of Collioure, which began the day after Boulou. On 26 May, the 7,000-man Spanish garrison surrendered, while the French Émigrés escaped in fishing boats. The Spanish surrender of the Fort de Bellegarde in September allowed Dugommier to plan an invasion of Catalonia that fall.

Sauret commanded the left wing at the Battle of the Black Mountain, where Dugommier ordered him to mount a feint attack on 17 November. Dugommier was killed by a Spanish artillery shell on the 18th, and his successor Pérignon reinforced Sauret. After four days of fighting, the French army broke through the fortifications, which were manned by Spanish, Portuguese, and French Émigré soldiers. The Spanish commander Luis Firmin de Carvajal, Conde de la Union died defending the Notre-Dame-Del-Roure redoubt on 20 November and his army took to its heels.

Pérignon quickly captured Figueres and invested the port of Rosas. From 28 November 1794 to 4 February 1795, Sauret commanded 13,000 troops at the successful Siege of Rosas in northeast Spain where he was wounded twice. His command included the brigades of Victor, Causse, Joseph Magdelaine Martin, Robert Motte, Théodore Chabert, and François Gilles Guillot, plus a small division under Jean Baptiste Beaufort de Thorigny. Pérignon and Sauret vigorously pressed the siege operations despite severe winter weather. Heavy guns were mounted on Mont Puy-Bois in order to take the Castillo de la Trinidad, a key outwork, under fire. The Spaniards abandoned the badly damaged Castillo on 1 January. On the night of 3 February, the fleet of Federico Gravina evacuated the garrison before a threatened French assault could take place.

Italian campaign

In the spring of 1796, Sauret was transferred to the Army of Italy, then commanded by Bonaparte. He became involved in fighting during the first Austrian attempt to raise the Siege of Mantua. At the end of July, his 4,500-man division defended the west side of Lake Garda with the brigades of Jean Guieu and Jean Rusca. Bonaparte felt this force was adequate to defend the area because he believed the mountain roads were too poor to sustain major operations. When Peter Quasdanovich's 18,000-strong Austrian Right Column descended from the north, Sauret's troops were not only badly outnumbered, but also unready.

On 29 July, the brigades of Peter Ott and Joseph Ocskay seized the towns of Gavardo and Salò, forcing Sauret to pull back to Desenzano del Garda with the loss of 500 men and two cannons. However, Guieu and 400 soldiers barricaded themselves in Salò's Palazzo Martinengo and refused to give up. The following day, Johann von Klenau surprised Brescia, cutting Bonaparte's supply line to Milan. Reacting to the loss of his base of operations, the French army commander began shifting his main strength to face Quasdanovich, while Augereau observed the main Austrian army under Dagobert von Wurmser. On 31 July, Sauret marched to Salò, defeated Ocskay's troops in a fight lasting several hours, and rescued Guieu and his men. Though, he quickly pulled back to Lonato del Garda, the defeat prompted Quasdanovich to regroup his troops at Gavardo. Sometime during 1 August, Sauret was injured and Guieu took command of the division. After an intricate series of actions, the Battle of Lonato on 3 August resulted in the defeat and withdrawal of Quasdanovich. Sauret's division, still under Guieu, observed the retreat of the Austrian Right Column and missed the Battle of Castiglione on 5 August.

Later career
Bonaparte replaced him in command soon after. He wrote of Sauret on 14 August, "Good, very good soldier; not sufficient intellect for a general officer; not lucky." Afterward Sauret was entrusted with the command of the fortresses of Tortona, Alessandria, and Geneva. He was elected to the Corps législatif in 1799, and became its secretary in 1803. He retired from active military service in 1801 to pursue a full-time political career. In 1813, Napoleon elevated him to a Baron of the Empire. He died on 24 June 1818 at Gannat, his birthplace. SAURET is inscribed on column 35 of the Arc de Triomphe.

Footnotes

References

1742 births
1818 deaths
People from Gannat
Barons of the First French Empire
Bonapartists
Members of the Council of Five Hundred
Members of the Corps législatif
Members of Parliament for Allier
French generals
French military personnel of the Seven Years' War
Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
People of the War of the First Coalition


The Southwest Voter Registration Education Project (SVREP), founded in 1974, is the oldest and largest non-partisan Latino voter participation organization in the United States. SVREP was founded by William C. Velasquez Jr. SVREP has registered 2.6 million Latino voters, trained 150,000 leaders and encouraged thousands of individuals to volunteer in their communities. Their slogan is “Su Voto es Su Voz.”

History

The mission of SVREP is to, “Empower Latinos and other minorities by increasing their participation in the American democratic process SVREP accomplishes this by strengthening the capacity, experience and skills of Latino leaders, networks, and organizations through programs that consistently train, organize, finance, develop, expand and mobilize Latino leaders and voters around an agenda that reflects their values.  Thus, SVREP's motto is: "Su Voto Es Su Voz" (Your Vote is Your Voice).”  SVREP founder “Willie”, as William C. Velasquez, was known to his colleagues, imagined a society that would allow Latinos to actively participate and lead in the democratic process.

SVREP has sponsored over 2,000 Voter Registration drives (registering 2.6 million voters) across the west, southwest and southeast states to register, educate, and promote voting in upcoming elections.  SVREP also organizes phone banks and canvasses to remind people of upcoming election dates and assists in locating their local voting station. SVREP also sponsors voting rights lawsuits under the federal Voting Rights Act and the California Voting Rights Act. To date SVREP has prevailed in 87 out of 88 federal Voting Rights Act cases and over 70 California Voting Rights actions.

In 2016 SVREP Sued Bexar County in Texas for misinforming constituents about voter ID rules.  SVREP argued that the voter ID laws were an attempt to curb and discourage minorities from participating in the electoral process.

Another key initiative that SVREP sponsors is their Latino Academy.  Founded in 1997 the Latin Academy trains candidates, campaign workers, and community leaders/organizers on the how to run for elective office including voter targeting, social media, messaging, fundraising, campaign management, voter registration, and get out the vote; once leaders/organizers have completed the training tracks they are eligible to act as project coordinators, treasurers, and chairs for a voter registration project in their community.  Once candidates complete the training they are urged to run for office -though nonpartisan SVREP does not endorse candidates. Through the Latino Academy individuals are exposed to grassroots organizing and voter registration and mobilization techniques.

SVREP partners with the William C. Velasquez Institute (WCVI) to run a "policy and governance" version of the Latino Academy which focuses on training elected officials on ethics and public policy options. www.wcvi.org. Founded by SVREP in 1985 as the Southwest Voter Research Institute-SVRI, WCVI was rechristened in 1997 to honor the late Willie Velasquez.

See also

Congressional Hispanic Caucus
Latino
NALEO
NCLR
American GI Forum
LULAC
MALDEF

References

External links
Official website

Hispanic and Latino American organizations
Non-profit organizations based in Texas
Organizations established in 1974


Eugen Enderlen (21 January 1863 – 7 June 1940) was a German physician and surgeon born in Salzburg, Austria.

In 1888 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Munich, where he worked as an assistant to Hans Ernst August Buchner and Otto Bollinger. In 1895 he obtained his habilitation at the University of Greifswald, and during the following year began work as an assistant to Ernst Küster at the University of Marburg. In 1899 he became an associate professor, and in 1904 attained the chair of surgery at the University of Basel.

In 1908 he relocated to the University Hospital in Würzburg, and during World War I served as a general physician. In 1918 he was appointed professor of surgery at the University of Heidelberg. He died in Stuttgart on June 7, 1940, at the age of 77.

Enderlen specialized in numerous surgical procedures, including surgery of the nerves and blood vessels, as well as operations for ulcers and gallstone disorders. He developed innovative techniques in esophageal surgery, and with physiologist Ludolf von Krehl, performed stellate ganglion blocks and denervation operations on the heart. He also conducted experimental research for transplantation of blood vessels, bones and joints, etc.

With Emil Gasser (1847–1919), he was the author of Stereoskopbilder zur Lehre von den Hernien (1906).

References
 General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery- University of Heidelberg (biography)
 Chirurgie Klinik und Poliklinik- University of Wurzburg (translated biography)

German surgeons
Academic staff of Heidelberg University
Academic staff of the University of Würzburg
Academic staff of the University of Basel
Physicians from Salzburg
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
1863 births
1940 deaths
Physicians from Austria-Hungary
Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to Germany


FAMA () is a Hong Kong hip hop duo consisting of members C Kwan and Luk Wing (6-Wing). Formed in 2002, the duo have since released 10 studio albums and EPs. Known for their quick-wit and humour, along with the use of lyrics and music to reflect Hong Kong's society and culture, C Kwan and 6 Wing have also found success as television hosts and actors. They also have been associated with other musicians and bands, such as Edison Chen, Joey Yung, JJ Lin, Khalil Fong, HotCha and many more.

Name of origin
FAMA originates from a similar sounding word in Cantonese, which fully translates to farmer. The official explanation for "FAMA" meant that farmers plant seeds and grow crops for food. The first word, "農"(nong), meaning farming/cultivation, originates from China. Kwan and Wing hope to aspire spreading seeds (music and culture) across Asian countries and the world, as well as local roots in Hong Kong. The duo's goal is "One Asia for all Asians", and from their own perspective, promote their body of work through current social affairs/trends, life, attitude, love, sex, hip hop and much more.

In an interview, Kwan and Wing stated the real reason they got their name "FAMA" because they saw a person wearing folded wide pants which looked similar to a farmer while hanging with friends on the streets. After laughing at the looks, Kwan and Wing decided to take up the name "FAMA" because it was easy to remember and represented the grassroots.

History
Kwan and  Wing were high school schoolmates. The two were previously part of a five-member underground rap metal band known as System Map. After winning a band competition, they formed a four-member rap group with DJ蠟筆 and GiGi 聶碧芝 (the group's lead vocals) to create FAMA. By July 2002, DJ蠟筆 had left the group, FAMA had a record deal with DJ Tommy and began creating music with DJ Galaxy. 6 Wing recalls recording songs in DJ Tommy's kitchen. FAMA released their debut studio album Poem O' Da Moon 月下思 on 8 November 2002. Their second studio album Cheng Wing Gi 鄭永芝 was released 4 April 2005. By 2006, GiGi had left the group.

In 2006, FAMA released the single "456Wing", which received strong airplay on mainstream local radio stations. The song is a single by 6 Wing about his determination to keep rapping despite poor economic circumstances. Their third studio album Music Tycoon was released October 20.

In 2007, FAMA reached mainstream popularity with the single "Wing and Water Rising" 風生水起 featuring Feng Shui master Mak Ling Ling. That year they won My Favourite Group and Best Group Gold Prize at the Ultimate Song Chart Awards Presentation.

FAMA was listed as the most popular group in the Hong Kong 2008 Jade Solid Gold Top 10 Awards.  They also won an award for having one of the most popular songs in the 2008 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards.

Since the last decade, FAMA has collaborated with famous actress and host, Carol Cheng on many occasions, where they bring humor into different situations across various variety shows and have since been ingrained with audiences and is popular with Hong Kong culture.

Members
The two members of the group are Luk Wing (6永) and C Kwan (C君). Their manager is DJ Tommy, who has been their representative since 2004. FAMA joined DJ Tommy's TG Management group in 2011.

Discography
Poem O' Da Moon 月下思 (2002)
Cheng Wing Gi 鄭永芝 (2005)
Music Tycoon 音樂大亨 (2006)
風生水起 (2007)
New Song + Best Collection 農夫舉高隻手舊愛新歡全紀錄 (2008)
富甲天下 (2008)
O'Fama (2010)
Miracle 奇蹟 (2010)
Double Happiness 雙囍臨門 (2012)
If You Don't Have It Now, You Will Have It Real Soon 你而家無，但係將來會有(上) (2015)
If You Don't Have It Now, You Will Have It Real Soon II 你而家無， 但係將來會有(下) (2016)

References

External links
 FAMA Q&A: Spreading The Seeds Of Rap In HK

Hong Kong hip hop groups
Chinese rappers


USS Virginian (ID-3920) was a United States Navy troop transport in commission in 1919.

Construction, early career, acquisition, and commissioning

Virginian was built in 1903 as the commercial cargo ship SS Maine at Sparrows Point, Maryland, by the Maryland Steel Company for the Atlantic Transportation Company. The American-Hawaiian Steamship Company of New York City purchased her in 1908 and renamed her SS Virginian. Her home port was New York City. The U.S. Navy acquired her early in 1919 for service as a troop transport, assigned her the naval registry Identification Number (Id. No.) 3920, and commissioned her on 1 February 1919 at Hoboken, New Jersey, as USS Virginian.

United States Navy service

Soon after commissioning, Virginian shifted to Fletcher's Dry Dock Company at Hoboken for repairs and conversion into a troop transport. She remained at Fletcher's shipyard through the end of February 1919.

Assigned to the Cruiser and Transport Force, Virginian got underway on 11 March 1919 anchored in New York Harbor abreast the Statue of Liberty. She then moved to Pier 7, Bush Terminal, at Brooklyn, New York, where she took on board cargo -- billet steel, oats, and potatoes—and provisions for her crew. Repairs and alterations necessary to complete her conversion into a troop ship continued apace until she backed clear of her berth at 17:13 hours on 21 March 1919, with orders to proceed independently to France.

Virginian dropped anchor off Charpentier Point, near St. Nazaire, France, on 3 April 1919, and shifted to St. Nazaire on 4 April 1919. She unloaded her cargo there for the next two days before she began embarking United States Army troops returning home after their World War I service in Europe for transport to the United States. Her passengers included 74 officers and 4,097 enlisted men, from units that ranged from the 362d Infantry Machine Gun Company to the 127th Convalescent Detachment. She got underway at 07:40 hours on 8 April 1919 to return to the United States.

Arriving at the north side of Army Dock Number 7, Hoboken, on the morning of 20 April 1919, Virginian discharged the troops before shifting to the Morse Dry Dock Company at Brooklyn for repairs to her propellers. She shifted back to the Army dock at Hoboken on 27 April 1919, then got underway for Europe on 30 April 1919 to pick up more returning "doughboys" for passage to the United States.

Virginian reached St. Nazaire on the afternoon of 11 May 1919, took on board 56 officers and 4,069 men, and departed on 13 May 1919 bound for Hampton Roads, Virginia. After a 12-day passage, she moored at the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway docks at Newport News, Virginia, on the afternoon of 25 May 1919 and had all of the troops disembarked within an hour.

After a brief period of upkeep and repairs at the Norfolk Navy Yard at Portsmouth, Virginia, Virginian again departed for France on 1 June 1919. She returned to Hampton Roads carrying returning American servicemen on 25 June 1919.

Virginian departed Hampton Roads on her fourth voyage to pick up troops in France on 1 July 1919. On 3 August 1919, she completed this voyage, arriving at Hoboken. She had discharged the last troops by 09:45 hours on 4 August 1919.

Virginian then began her conversion back into a cargo ship and other preparations for demobilization. After the last troops had disembarked, shipyard workmen and the ship's crew bent to the task of taking down troop fittings, performing routine maintenance tasks, discharging ballasts, cleaning holds, and inventorying equipment. At 16:00 hours on 19 August 1919, she was decommissioned and formally turned over to a representative of the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company, Captain John S. Greene, who as Lieutenant Commander Green had served as USS Virginians first commanding officer.

World War II and later career
The ship then resumed her mercantile service as cargo ship SS Virginian with the American-Hawaiian Shipping Company. She served that firm, home-ported at New York City, until 1947, when she was transferred to the United States Maritime Commission and laid up. For World War II she was converted to a livestock ship by the War Shipping Administration. She moved horses mules and sometimes sheep. She had the greatest ship livestock capacity, with 679 stalls. One of her trips was a 28-day shipment of 640 former Australian Army animals to Calcutta, India.
She was crossing the Atlantic on her return to Baltimore when she learned of the surrender of the Japanese in WWII.

After the war she steamed out of the Baltimore area in June 1945 en route to Italy as one of the first vessels to assist in Heifers for Relief, the precursor to Heifer International as a Seagoing cowboys ship. She made six trips with the Seagoing cowboys to Greece, Poland and Czechoslovakia.

She was sold for scrapping in April 1948.

References

Department of the Navy: Naval Historical Center Online Library of Selected Images: U.S. Navy Ships: USS Virginian (ID # 3920), 1919-1919. Originally S.S. Maine (American Freighter, 1903). Later renamed Virginian
NavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive: Virginian (ID 3920)

Transports of the United States Navy
Ships built in Sparrows Point, Maryland
1903 ships


USS Virginian has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to:

, a tugboat in commission from 1918 to 1919
, a troop transport in commission in 1919

See also

Virginian (disambiguation)

United States Navy ship names


Musono is a town in the Haut-Lomami province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Transport
It is served by a station on a branchline of the Inland network of the national railway system. It was also involved in a nearly international scandal due to the spread of chlamydia.

See also
 Railway stations in DRCongo

References

Populated places in Haut-Lomami


Mary Anna Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn (née Lady Mary Curzon-Howe; 23 July 1848 – 10 May 1929), was an English aristocrat. She was the daughter of Richard Curzon-Howe, 1st Earl Howe, and his second wife, Anne Gore.

Life
The Duchess held the office of Lady-in-Waiting to Queen Alexandra.

Marriage and issue
She married James Hamilton, Marquess of Hamilton, eldest son of James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn and Lady Louisa Jane Russel on 7 January 1869 at St. George's Church, St. George Street, Hanover Square, London, England.

They had seven sons and two daughters:
 James Albert Edward Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn (1869–1953)
 Lord Claud Penn Alexander Hamilton (1871–1871, on the same day)
 Lord Charlie Hamilton (1874–1874, on the same day)
 Lady Alexandra Phyllis Hamilton (1876–1918), who had The Princess of Wales as sponsor at her baptism, she was lost at sea aboard RMS Leinster, unmarried.
 Lord Claud Francis Hamilton (1878–1878, on the same day)
 Lady Gladys Mary Hamilton (1880–1917), who in 1902 married Ralph Francis Forward-Howard, 7th Earl of Wicklow (1877–1946) She was his first wife; and they had one son.
 Lord Arthur John Hamilton (1883–1914), who was Deputy Master of the Household from 1913, Captain in the Irish Guards and was killed in action at the First Battle of Ypres.
 Lord unnamed Hamilton (1886–1886, on the same day)
 Lord Claud Nigel Hamilton (1889–1975), Captain in the Grenadier Guards, fought in the First World War and served in the household of King George V, his widow and Queen Elizabeth II as Deputy Master of the Household, as Extra Equerry, as Equerry in Ordinary and as Comptroller, Treasurer and Extra Equerry. In 1933 he married Violet Ruby Ashton. They had no issue.

Ancestry

References

1848 births
1929 deaths
Daughters of British earls
British duchesses by marriage
Mary
Mary
Mary
British ladies-in-waiting


Visual literacy in education develops a student's visual literacy – their ability to comprehend, make meaning of, and communicate through visual means, usually in the form of images or multimedia.

History
Images have always been involved in learning with pictures and artwork to help define history or literary works. There is also a long tradition of using texts as educational images that reaches back to the Enlightenment.  However, visual literacy in education is becoming a much broader and extensive body of learning and comprehension. This is due to the integration of images and visual presentations in the curriculum as technology and the increasing availability of computers.

Traditionally, in education in particular, the conventional approach was that young learners acquired conventions of print which made each student a discursive learner. As we have recognized that there are multiple learning
styles which better suit some students, some are text oriented, others are visual, kinesthetic, auditory, or a combination of two or more, developers of educational materials have adapted and made use of new media and technology. In 1989, there was a call for new curriculum in social studies, which was uniquely suited to bringing visual information to educational programs by introducing map reading skills, charts and graphs for analyzing data, primary source visuals from the period ephemera, and paintings, sculpture, architecture, objects of daily use, and other evidence of material culture that is the archive from which historians draw their information about past and present cultures. Materials that were embraced for their visual energy, authenticity, and characteristic interest to engage students were prepared by a research and development group named Ligature, whose design director, Josef Godlewski (July 3, 1948 – April 8, 2013), a teacher of graphic design at The Rhode Island School of Design, brought to what is now the accepted integration of visuals with text that we see in print and media board learning programs.

Advancements of multimedia
Multimedia advancements have redefined what it means to teach literacy in the classroom. Today, students must be able to present and decode written and visual images, presenting educators with the task of teaching visual literacy in the classroom. Students today are using PowerPoint, PhotoStory, MovieMaker and other tools to create presentations in the classroom. This presents a challenge to educators as they seek to empower their students with the necessary tools to thrive in a media-driven environment.

Educators now understand that students lack the skills to accurately decipher and make ethical decisions based on that image. According to Susan Metros of the University of Southern California, students find themselves able to view pictures, read a map and input data, but are unable to create an image, map data and understand why one chart is better than another. To better prepare students, school districts are taking it upon themselves to add a technology component to their curriculum. For example, instead of submitting papers, students can create short films or interactive essays. This promotes a hands-on approach to multimedia for students to learn new tools.

Teaching visual literacy
Teaching visual literacy in the classroom means many things from film, dance, and mime through the use of diagrams, maps and graphs to children's picture books. Visual texts can be found in books, the internet, environmental signage, TV, tablet devices and touch-screen machines like ATMs. It includes teaching students to critically analyze the images presented to them through advertising and other media. It also entails equipping students with the tools to create presentations that effectively communicate content. Today teachers are using classroom blogs and wikis to keep their students up to date with class requirements and to encourage collaborative class discussions. More and more students are relying on technology to enhance their learning environments. As technology continues to advance, their availability and capability  will create more tools for teachers to utilize.

An attempt to observe children reading and writing visual texts was made by twenty US and Australian teachers in 1990-94, and followed up in 2011. The results were published in Steve Moline, I See What You Mean; Visual literacy K-8 (Stenhouse, 1995, rev. ed. 2011). The visual texts studied were limited to those used in information books, e-books, and websites, such as diagrams, maps, storyboards, flowcharts, time lines, webs, trees and tables. Moline claims that the strategy he calls recomposing assists in essay planning and comprehension. Recomposing is described  as reading information in a lexical format (such as a paragraph of sentences) and summarizing it in a visual format (such as a flowchart or table). The visual text then forms the framework for the child when writing her/his essay on the topic.

Benefits
Computers have become a major part of society. People must learn to communicate through images, as technology continues to evolve.

Uses in higher education
As technology advances, so too do the tools that teachers gain in teaching visual literacy skills to students. Scientific virtual models and figures, digital mapping, and other computer-based visual programs are all tools available as resources for higher education in schools. These tools can be used to "promote students' capabilities and skills" and create a new understanding of writing and learning in the classroom.

See also
 Learning Through Art
 Visual culture
 Visual literacy

Footnotes

External links
 Visual literacy in primary, elementary and junior secondary classrooms

Visual arts education
Education by subject
Visual arts theory
Literacy


Julian Rix (1850–1903) was an American landscape artist.

Biography
A native of Vermont, he lived in California where his artwork caught the attention of silk tycoon, William Ryle, of Paterson, New Jersey.  Ryle financed Rix's work and many of his portraits hang in the halls of Lambert Castle in Paterson, New Jersey.

Rix died at his home in New York City in 1903.

References

External links

19th-century American painters
19th-century American male artists
American male painters
20th-century American painters
20th-century American male artists
1850 births
1903 deaths
Burials at Cedar Lawn Cemetery
Painters from Vermont
Painters from California
American landscape painters


Brighton, Nova Scotia could be one of following two communities:

Brighton, Shelburne, Nova Scotia near the town of Lockeport in Shelburne County
Brighton, Digby, Nova Scotia  in Digby County


Kim Shin-jo (born June 2, 1942) is one of two survivors of the 31-person team of North Korean commandos sent to assassinate the then-president of South Korea, Park Chung-hee, in the Blue House raid in January 1968.

The only other survivor, Pak Jae-gyong, made it back to the North, but Kim Shin-jo was captured by South Korean forces. He was interrogated for a year by the South Korean authorities before being released and becoming a citizen of South Korea in 1970. South Korea claimed when North Korean authorities found out that he became a South Korean citizen, his parents were executed and his relatives purged by North Korean authorities.

Kim later became a pastor at Sungrak Sambong church in Gyeonggi-do. He has a wife and two children.

References

Living people
1942 births
People from Chongjin
North Korean military personnel
North Korean assassins
North Korean Christians
Sole survivors
Failed assassins
North Korean defectors
Converts to Christianity
South Korean pastors
South Korean Christians


Saint-Jacques-le-Mineur is a municipality in the Jardins de Napierville Regional County Municipality in Quebec, Canada, situated in the Montérégie administrative region. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 1,672.

Demographics

Population

Language

See also
List of municipalities in Quebec

References

Incorporated places in Les Jardins-de-Napierville Regional County Municipality
Municipalities in Quebec


John Michael Kosterlitz (born June 22, 1943) is a Scottish-American physicist. He is a professor of physics at Brown University and the son of biochemist Hans Kosterlitz. He was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics along with David Thouless and Duncan Haldane for work on condensed matter physics.

Education and early life
He was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, to German-Jewish émigrés, the son of the pioneering biochemist Hans Walter Kosterlitz and Hannah Gresshöner.  He was educated independently at Robert Gordon's College before transferring to the Edinburgh Academy to prepare for his university entrance examinations. He received his BA degree, subsequently converted to an MA degree, at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. In 1969, he earned a DPhil degree from the University of Oxford as a postgraduate student  of Brasenose College, Oxford.

Career and research
After a few postdoctoral positions, including positions at the University of Birmingham, collaborating with David Thouless, and at Cornell University, he was appointed to the faculty of the University of Birmingham in 1974, first as a lecturer and, later, as a reader. Since 1982, he has been professor of physics at Brown University. Kosterlitz is currently a visiting research fellow at Aalto University in Finland and since 2016 a distinguished professor at Korea Institute for Advanced Study.

Kosterlitz does research in condensed matter theory, one- and two-dimensional physics; in phase transitions: random systems, electron localization, and spin glasses; and in critical dynamics: melting and freezing.

Awards and honours
Michael Kosterlitz was awarded the  Nobel Prize in Physics in 2016, “for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter”; the Maxwell Medal and Prize from the British Institute of Physics in 1981, and the Lars Onsager Prize from the American Physical Society in 2000, especially, for his work on the Kosterlitz–Thouless transition. Since 1992, he has been a Fellow of the American Physical Society.

The Kosterlitz Centre at the University of Aberdeen is named in honour of his father, Hans Kosterlitz, a pioneering biochemist specializing in endorphins, who joined the faculty after fleeing Nazi persecution of Jews in 1934.

Personal life
Kosterlitz was a pioneer in Alpine climbing in the 1960s, known for working routes in the UK, Italian Alps, and Yosemite. There is 6a+ graded route bearing his name in the Orco Valley of the Italian Alps named Fessura Kosterlitz.  Kosterlitz is an American citizen and is an atheist.
He was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1978.

See also

 List of Jewish Nobel laureates

References

External links

1943 births
Living people
20th-century American Jews
20th-century American physicists
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American physicists
Academics of the University of Birmingham
Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
American atheists
American Nobel laureates
American people of German-Jewish descent
American people of Scottish-Jewish descent
British Nobel laureates
British physicists
Brown University faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Jewish American atheists
Jewish American scientists
Jewish physicists
Maxwell Medal and Prize recipients
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Nobel laureates in Physics
People educated at Edinburgh Academy
People educated at Robert Gordon's College
Scientists from Aberdeen
Scottish atheists
Scottish emigrants to the United States
Scottish Jews
Scottish Nobel laureates
Scottish people of German-Jewish descent


Brighton, Nova Scotia  is a  community of the Municipality of the District of Shelburne in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It is located near the town of Lockeport.

References
Brighton on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Shelburne County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


WAVQ may refer to:

WAVQ (AM), a radio station (1400 AM) licensed to serve Jacksonville, North Carolina, United States, which has held call sign WAVQ since February 2009
WSTK, a radio station (104.5 FM) licensed to serve Aurora, North Carolina, United States, which held call sign WAVQ from November 2008 to February 2009
WYBX, a radio station (89.3 FM) licensed to serve Key West, Florida, United States, which held call sign WAVQ from September 2002 to January 2006
WPJC, a radio station (88.3 FM) licensed to serve Pontiac, Illinois, United States, which held call sign WAVQ from August 2000 to September 2002
WXZC, a radio station (104.3 FM) licensed to serve Inglis, Florida, United States, which held call sign WAVQ from June 1993 to May 1998


is a Japanese science fiction manga created by Syufo (real name ). The story was later adapted into an anime film directed by Kōichi Mashimo and released on July 26, 1986.

Plot
In 1983, off-duty policeman Reiden picks up a suspicious couple, Kei and Ai, who claim to be father and daughter but appear to be close in age. Reiden thus becomes involved in a fight between them and the female fighter K2 who is chasing them. Kei draws out his latent ability to the maximum by a Legendary "Trigger" and Ai blows away K2. The night sky splits and strange space is shown. Their enemy is the secret society "Fraud" of para-psionics, which is commanded by Kuu Ragua Lee. Kei, Ai and Reiden meet the assassins whom Fraud sends out one after another.

Characters

Ai's companions
 I2 (Ai)
 Ai is Headmeters who escaped from Fraud with Kei, but she does not have the operation yet. Her original name is "I2". She is a clone of Kei's lover Etsuko (also known as "I") who was killed by Fraud, and adores Kei as a father. Fraud suspects that she is legendary "Trigger" who draws out others' dormant faculties and amplifies them, and so pursues her. "2" of "I2" stands for "the second generation of the clone of Headmeters I". However, nobody of Headmeters knew who "I" or "I2" are, there is no information about the two in the memory bank of Fraud's computer, and "Headmeters I" is a missing number. It is not clear why they recognized "I" and "I2", but the two people did not exist actually.

 K (Kei)
 Kei is Headmeters who escaped from Fraud to defend Ai. He was anaesthetized suddenly and was made to undergo the operation for Headmeters on his college days. He was given the code name "K". He was proud of being Headmeters, but he became despondent because his lover Etsuko died from the same operation as him. Then, a girl appeared who was just like Etsuko, only ten years younger. She introduced herself as Ai-"I2". "I" was a code name of Etsuko. Kei decided to behave as her father.
 Kei has both abilities of Headmeters and Tuned-man exceptionally, because Kuu Ragua Lee, the leader of Fraud, operated on Kei in person. However, he is a defect product as Headmeters and has only the faculty for incomplete mind reading. The number of his headmeter has risen only to level 5 by the shock of Etsuko's death, but the number rises to infinite when Ai draws out his latent abilities. His performance as Tuned-man is less than 1/10 of the output of Yi or Lyan, but Fraud performed the operation which is different from them on Kei. Sensors which are embedded on the 108 vital points of his body control his muscles, internal organs and brain, and he can always utilize his muscles at 100% (people usually use only about 20%).

 Cat
 The stray cat who touched the topology wall, and lost the tail. Ai brings along the cat after she treats the injury.

 Reiden Yoshioka
 The obliging policeman involved in the Kei and Ai versus Fraud fight. He is 34 years old, automania, and his car is an Alpina based on BMW cars. He is in a dilemma between his wife Akemi and K2, currently charmed by him.

 K2
 K2 is Kei's feminized clone who was born through chromosome manipulation. She is a high-ranking Headmeters of Fraud who is the same level as Mr. J in capability, and commands the pursuit corps to Kei and Ai. She loves Kei by fervent narcissism and demands him to love her. She wants to kill Ai for monopolizing his love. She lost her memory and regressed to an infantile state of mind by touching the topology wall and took to Reiden, who saved her. She recovers her memory later, but she does not change her mind.

 Lee
 Lee is an old security guard at a supermarket. He looks after Ai for Kei. He is a kind old man, but also mysterious and is revealed to actually be Headmeters of level 100.

Residents of floor 1983
 Akemi Yoshioka
 Akemi is Reiden's wife and she dominates him. She is possessed by Alloy, who makes her its puppet.

 Sugiura
 One of the hoodlum group of 3s. He is a little man with suspenders. Alloy possesses him and manipulates him any way it wants. They bear a grudge against Reiden for reporting their injustice in the university entrance exam to the police, and they ambush him at his home and attack him. They had parents hush up the rape and the violence till then.

 Miyasaka
 One of the hoodlum group of 3s. He is a big-boned man. He is pushed away on a road by Sugiura controlled by Alloy and is run over by a car.

 Takenaka
 One of the hoodlum group of 3s. He is a foppish man who wears sunglasses, dyes his hair brown and has a permanent. He shoots Reiden with a gun, but the bullet is teleported to the inside of his body and he dies.

Residents of floor 2183
 Kuu Ragua Lee
 The leader of "Fraud", which is the highest consultative body of "Floor 2183" and manages "Floor 1983". Supported by Headmeters with supernatural power, he is in opposition to the chief delegate Lai Lou Chin. He himself is Headmeters, level 100. He is a skinhead and a brawny big man. He equips his head with the metal electronic device which covers his eyes, mouth and forehead. He believed that he was the governing class who managed the human beings of Floor 1983, who will live in 1983 fixed forever, but he notices that he is also a captive himself managed by higher-ranking inspectors. He then decides to challenge them to fight.

 J (Mr. J)
 Mr. J is a high-ranking Headmeters of Fraud, at level 40. He is a sexless youth of long hair. He is Kuu Ragua Lee's page boy and admires and loves him. He always fears that Kuu Ragua Lee will lose his concern about him. He commands the operational unit which pursues Kei and Ai.

 A (Miss A)
 Miss A is a leader of Headmeters, Kuu Ragua Lee's right-hand woman and a daughter of the Coedes family. She is a muscular woman. Her younger brother "B" is in Headmeters.

 Yi
 Yi is a secret agent of Fraud. He is a Tuned-man who was converted by Fraud with fighting power at the same level as a tank. He can shoot rays from his finger-tip. He dresses in black from head to toe, wearing a Mao suit, round-framed glasses and a black hat. He makes a combination with Lyan and both chase Kei and the others together.

 Lyan
 Lyan is Yi's partner and a Tuned-man converted by Fraud as well. His clothes are black like Yi's. He is killed by "Cat" who had his power amplified by Ai.

 Talkative dolls
 "Talkative doll" is a general term for the androids who serve as an operator in Fraud headquarters. Their appearance resembles that of a naked middle-aged man with a skinhead.

 Lai Lou Chin
 Lai Lou Chin is a chief delegate of "Floor 2183" and is the only person who opposes the leader of Fraud, Kuu Ragua Lee. He is a poor-looking old man with a bobbed hair style. He always soaks in a capsule filled with special solution in the nude. The capsule is set in the position ranging from the body to the head of the large-sized humanoid robot. The robot serves as a substitute for the body of Lai Lou Chin and the capsule has the function to prevent "mind reading" of Headmeters. He is called "Enema head" by Miss A, because the form of the capsule resembles a disposable syringe.

Residents of the upper floor
 Alloy
 Alloy is in the floor above where Ai and Kei are, and sends only speculation into lower floors from there. The identity of Alloy is a thing invented based on "Program alloy" which is against Ai and tries to incorporate the gene in itself when it finds the gene that the program does not have. Alloy was invented by incorporating the program in a monster cell discovered by chance. Alloy stores billions of human genes in the cell. Since Alloy is an infinite form, it interferes in the world by getting into an organism and controlling its consciousness. However, the host whose consciousness Alloy influences becomes very suggestible. Alloy possesses "Cat", a staff of Fraud, Sugiura, Yoshioka, Akemi, the artificial body of Lai Lou Chin in sequence, and handles their body. Alloy can draw out potential capacities of those whom Alloy touches and possesses like Ai.

Residents in A.D. 1983
 Lee Kuwabara
 Kuwabara is the head of Kasuga lab which existed in Izu, Shizuoka in Japan once. He won fame as a professor of the bionics department of Los Angeles Institute of Technology. However, he was expelled from the bionics society, because he repeated medical experimentation on a living person to artificially create a person with supernatural powers. When he was out of work, Sosuke Kasuga, his best friend and the head of Kasuga lab, gave him a job. Kuwabara assumed the head of the Kasuga lab after Sosuke's death, but Kuwabara betrayed Sosuke and his son after all, and returned to the society thanks to the program that they had studied. He is the original of Kuu Ragua Lee and old Lee. The two are his clones.

 Kasuga
 Kasuga is the son of Sosuke Kasuga, the former head of Kasuga lab, and is the research worker. He lost his father and wife and daughter in a traffic accident at the same time in 1980. He completed "Program Ai", which Sosuke studied. He is the original of Kei.

Terms
 Floor
 "Floor" is a cylindrical world with a radius of 440km which extends concentrically from its center at "Fraud Building (The Pillar of God)". It is surrounded by topology walls.

 Fraud
 "Fraud" is para-psychicers' group. They are considered to be a national prime consultative body in Floor 2183. Kuu Ragua Lee violated custom and established headquarters inside of "The Pillar of God", which he calls "Fraud Building". He lives in there.

 Headmeters
　"Headmeters" are members of Fraud who use para-supernatural power. They analyze others' brain waves with the help of many electronic devices buried in their bodies and read their minds (para-telepathy). They can control magnetic fields to float in the air and move objects (para-levitation and para-psychokinesis), and they can predict what will happen in the near future at high hitting ratio by communicating with the city computer directly (para-precognition). When they show their ability, their forehead displays the number suitable for the degree. They occasionally equip the power supporter which is the heavy armaments for anti-Tuned-man warfare.

 Tuned-man (Cyborg)
 "Tuned-men" are combat cyborgs to whom artificial muscle, the metal skeleton, etc. are transplanted. They match a tank in fighting power. It is especially easy to read their minds for Headmeters.

 Diver
 "Diver" is a pet name of new and powerful mobile sky soldier or combat flying boat that Lai Lou Chin lent to Kuu Ragua Lee. Diver is a military escort for Kuu Ragua Lee to counter a new enemy, Alloy. Diver is a disk type and is propelled by a jet engine. Diver divides into 2 parts, and the upper part (Diver1) transforms into a combat humanoid robot. The lower part (Diver2) can be used as a flying boat as it is after separation.

Film adaptation

An eponymous OVA was produced in 1986 and was shown at movie theaters affiliated with Toho on July 26, 1986. The anime starts off sometime in the future, with Kei and Ai running for their lives. Ai is a girl who holds a terrible secret which could destroy the current world. The world is now populated by Headmeters, people who have psychic powers and whose strength is shown on their forehead when they fight. Kei was an experimental Headmeter subject, whose strength never went above level 5. In desperate moments, though, when Ai is in trouble, Kei can increase his ability to infinity. The one who is after her has a deep secret and is aided by a small dwarflike man who lives in a robotic suit. Eventually Ai is captured and Kei, a detective and another Headmeter who was converted to the good side when Kei unleashed his horrible powers must go and rescue her. Together they must save Ai and the secret she holds.

Reception
Helen McCarthy in 500 Essential Anime Movies praises anime film for having "one of the best endings in anime".

References

External links

1983 manga
1986 anime films
1986 films
Ashi Productions
Fiction set in 1983
Comics set in the 1980s
Dystopian anime and manga
1980s dystopian films
Futabasha manga
Manga adapted into films
Mecha anime and manga
Science fiction comics
Seinen manga
Toei Animation films


Brighton is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in The Municipality of the District of Digby. in Digby County.

References
 Brighton on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Digby County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Reginald Neal (12 June 1910 – 2 October 1964) was an English cricketer. He was a wicket-keeper who played for Gloucestershire. He was born in Bedminster, Bristol and died in Boscombe, Bournemouth.

Neal made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1922 season, against Derbyshire. In the only innings in which he batted, he scored 2 not out.

External links
Reginald Neal at CricketArchive

1901 births
1964 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
People from Boscombe
Cricketers from Bristol


Oswald Eric Wreford-Brown (21 July 1877 – 7 July 1916) was an English cricketer and footballer.

Sporting career

Cricket
Wreford-Brown was a right-handed batsman who, after captaining Charterhouse School's cricket team, later played for Gloucestershire. He made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1900 season, against Middlesex. From the tailend, he scored five runs in the only innings in which he batted.

Football
Wreford-Brown played football for Charterhouse School and later as a senior player for amateur clubs Old Carthusians, Free Foresters, Corinthian and Old Salopians. He won the 1898–99 London Senior Cup with Old Carthusians and the 1902–03 Arthur Dunn Challenge Cup with Old Salopians.

Personal life
Wreford-Brown's older brother, Charles and nephew, Anthony, both played first-class cricket. He was educated at a number of schools, before joining Charterhouse School in 1891. He later spent time in Canada and in 1902, became a member of the Stock Exchange and a partner in a law firm.

First World War
In November 1914, during the early months of the First World War, Wreford-Brown was commissioned into the Northumberland Fusiliers as a temporary lieutenant. His regiment arrived on the Western Front in July 1915, two months after his brother Claude had been killed in West Flanders. Wreford-Brown was promoted to temporary captain on 8 September 1915. On 5 July 1916, during the Battle of the Somme, Wreford-Brown's promotion to full captain was confirmed, but he was mortally wounded in the leg by a shell near Fricourt and died two days later at 5th Casualty Clearing Station in Corbie. He was buried in Corbie Communal Cemetery.

References

External links
Oswald Wreford-Brown at Cricket Archive

1877 births
1916 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
People from Clifton, Bristol
Footballers from Bristol
British Army personnel of World War I
British military personnel killed in the Battle of the Somme
Royal Northumberland Fusiliers officers
Old Carthusians F.C. players
Corinthian F.C. players
English expatriates in Canada
Men's association football players not categorized by position
Oswald
English men's footballers
Military personnel from Bristol
Cricketers from Bristol
19th-century English lawyers


Charles Pat Taylor (born December 10, 1945) is a retired American university president. Taylor served over 20 years as President of Southwest Baptist University, and his most recent role was as the interim president of Oklahoma Baptist University. He retired from OBU when Heath Thomas assumed the role of president on January 1, 2020.

Experience
Taylor previously served as president of Southwest Baptist University for 22 years. Taylor was selected as the 24th president of Southwest Baptist University by the board of trustees on August 20, 1996, after a seven-month nationwide search. He assumed his duties as president on October 21, 1996. In January 2018, Taylor announced his retirement effective August 31, 2018, after nearly 22 years as University president.
Taylor returned to Oklahoma Baptist University to serve as interim president after the retirement of former president, David Whitlock. Heath Thomas replaced Taylor as president in January, 2020.

Prior to becoming president of SBU, Taylor served as chief academic officer, senior vice president and provost at Oklahoma Baptist University in Shawnee, Oklahoma for ten years.  Taylor was responsible for OBU's academics, student development, admissions, religious life, library services and athletics from 1986 to 1996.

Taylor previously served as associate vice president for academic affairs at Union University in Jackson, Tennessee, from 1979 to 1986. From 1975 to 1979, he was an assistant professor of education at Belmont University in Nashville, Tennessee. While at Belmont, he served as head resident of Pembroke Hall, a men's dormitory housing 150 men. His experiences also have included community college and high school teaching and coaching.

Education
A native of Salem, Kentucky, Taylor received his doctor of education degree with emphasis in history and philosophy of education from Memphis State University. He received a master's degree in history from Western Kentucky University and a bachelor's degree in history and secondary education from the University of Tennessee at Martin.

SBU highlights
After Taylor's arrival at SBU, the campus completed several major building and renovation projects including:
Jester Learning Center
University Grand Entrance
Meyer Wellness Center
Renovation of Taylor Free Enterprise Center
Renovation of Chapel
Renovation of Jim Mellers Conference Center
Plaster Athletic Facility
Allen Walk of Life
Major campus beautification and landscaping projects
Campaign fundraising of a $62,000,000 plus

Family
Taylor and his wife, Judy, were married in 1968 and have two children. Marijo is a 1994 Oklahoma Baptist University graduate and in 2000 received an Executive MBA from the University of Missouri. She is a criminal investigator and is married to Tom Gronewold. Charla, also an Oklahoma Baptist University graduate, completed her master's degree in physical therapy from SBU in 2001 and her doctorate in physical therapy in 2007. Her husband, Adam Austermann, is a 1999 Southwest Baptist University graduate. He earned his master's degree in physical therapy from SBU in 2001 and his doctorate in physical therapy in 2006. Taylor has two grandsons, Drew Charles Austermann and Luke Taylor Austermann. Judy died on March 26, 2016.

References

Southwest Baptist University faculty
Presidents of Southwest Baptist University
Oklahoma Baptist University faculty
University of Memphis alumni
Western Kentucky University alumni
University of Tennessee alumni
Living people
People from Salem, Kentucky
People from Bolivar, Missouri
People from Shawnee, Oklahoma
1945 births
Belmont University faculty
Presidents of Oklahoma Baptist University
Union University


Plympton is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the District of Clare in Digby County. It is home to Savary Provincial Park. Notable residents include Alfred William Savary, an early parliamentarian and local historian.

The community was named after Plympton, Massachusetts.

References

Communities in Digby County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Sandy Cove is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the  Municipality of the District of Digby. in Digby County on Digby Neck. The community is the birthplace of Laurence Bradford Dakin, and a common scene in the paintings of Maud Lewis.

See also
Jerome of Sandy Cove
Nova Scotia

References
Sandy Cove on Destination Nova Scotia
Photo Fisheries and Oceans Canada

Communities in Digby County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


The Portland Timbers–Seattle Sounders rivalry is a soccer rivalry between the Portland Timbers and Seattle Sounders FC, both based in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The rivalry originated in the North American Soccer League of the 1970s, with both cities reviving expansion teams, and has carried into lower-level leagues, including the A-League and USL First Division. The rivalry moved to Major League Soccer, the top division of soccer in the United States, in 2011, where it has grown into one of the largest in American soccer.

According to many players, the Seattle–Portland rivalry is one of the only true derbies that is present in American men's soccer. The rivalry has since grown into one of the largest and most bitter rivalries in American soccer. Alan Hinton, a former English international and ex-Sounders coach, has compared the rivalry to those seen in the English Premier League. It is considered to be one of the most intense rivalries in the United States. In 2018, Matt Pentz of ESPN FC dubbed the derby "MLS' premier rivalry", stating that the "series' longevity lends it an authenticity that no other rivalry in MLS can match."

Seattle and Portland have had rivalries based on various sports teams. A heated rivalry surrounded the Portland Buckaroos and Seattle Totems of the minor-league Western Hockey League in the 1960s. Later, some fans supported the Thunderbirds or Winterhawks hockey teams. This rivalry "naturally translated into soccer" according to one fan. The two cities also had a rivalry between the SuperSonics and Trail Blazers of the NBA, known as the I-5 Rivalry, since both cities straddle the Interstate 5 freeway.

History

Overall stats

NASL era
The Seattle Sounders and Portland Timbers first played each other on May 2, 1975; in the Timbers' inaugural game. Seattle defeated Portland 1–0 in front of 8,131 at Portland Civic Stadium, now known as Providence Park. The return match, played on July 26, 1975 saw Portland play spoils and defeat the hosts, Seattle 2-1, in front of a crowd of 27,310. A month later, Portland knocks Seattle out of the playoffs in front of crowd of 31,000.

On June 30, 1979, Seattle defeated Portland 5–1 in the Kingdome in front of a season high 34,000 spectators. Until the 1980s, it would stand as the largest victory in the derby, and is the largest victory by either side in the top tier of American soccer. In the 5–1 victory, Seattle's Derek Smethurst netted a hat trick.

At the end of the 1982 North American Soccer League season, the Portland Timbers franchise was forced to fold, once team expenditures outpaced club income. Consequently, the 1–0 Sounders victory over the Timbers on August 22, 1982 ended up being the final meeting between the two sides in the North American Soccer League. It would not be for nearly 30 years, in 2011, the two sides would meet against one another in the top flight of American soccer.

NASL indoor
In the 1980–81 NASL Indoor season the two clubs faced one another for the first time in indoor soccer. On November 21, 1980 in front of 7,885 at Portland's Memorial Coliseum (now called Veterans Memorial Coliseum), the Timbers won, 6–4. The Sounders would claim victory in the next four meetings. Portland won the final three rivalry matches of 1981–82 indoor, including the teams' last-ever indoor match-up, 6–4, on the strength of Dale Mitchell's hat trick on February 5, 1982.

WSL/WSA era

At the end of the 1983 NASL season, the original Seattle Sounders franchise terminated, with the league itself ceasing operations ahead of the 1985 season. In 1984, a Western Soccer Alliance franchise was granted to the Seattle area for a soccer club in the area that was branded as the Seattle Storm, and went under the F.C. Seattle moniker for a while. The following year, a WSA franchise was also granted to the Portland area, where the rivalry continued through the late 1980s into the early 1990s.

USL

After an 11-year hiatus, the rivalry continued in 2001, when the newly incarnated Portland Timbers hosted the Seattle Sounders on May 11, 2001 at the same stadium where the rivalry began, which was now known as PGE Park. In front of a crowd nearly 12,300, the hosts walked away with a 2–0 victory.

July 21, 2001, former U.S. National Team player, Brian Ching, would score the only goal in 1–0 Sounders victory over the Timbers, as over 11,000 would be in attendance in Portland.

Ahead of the 2004 season, supporters of both the Sounders, Timbers, and their rival up the I-5 corridor, the Vancouver Whitecaps, created the Cascadia Cup which would be given to the supporters whose team had a stronger record against the two sides. The first formal Cascadia Cup match between the two resulted in a Timbers victory, defeating the Sounders 2–0 on May 1, 2004. During the four regular season meetings during that season, the Sounders lost thrice, and had one victory over Portland. However, in the 2004 USL First Division Playoffs, their first playoff meeting since 1975, the Sounders won 3–2 on aggregate over Portland, posting a 2–0 home victory in the second leg.

On September 18, 2005, Seattle knocked Portland out of the playoffs for a second straight year, as Sounders defeated the Timbers 2–0 in Seattle.

In Seattle, Sounders defeated the Timbers 3–1 on July 22, 2006, in a hotly contested match that accumulated eight yellow cards, and one red.

On May 10, 2008, in front of over 10,000 at Qwest Field (now Lumen Field), Seattle and Portland played out a 0–0 draw in the final match the two teams would play each other in Seattle in the USL-1. On August 7, 2008, the Timbers and Sounders played each other for a final time in the Division 2 league, USL-1.  Seattle defeated Portland 1–0 on the historic night, in front of a rambunctious 12,332 fans. The high intensity match also included a total of six cards handed out, and one ejection.

MLS era

On July 1, 2009, Seattle eliminated Portland 2–1 before a sold-out PGE Park crowd in the U.S. Open Cup. Roger Levesque — a player Portland fans have had a particular dislike for — scored Seattle's first goal within the opening minute. Levesque completed a goal celebration, in which he stood still at the top of the Timbers penalty area while Nate Jaqua pretended to chop him down like a tree, ending with Levesque falling flat on his back.

A cold and rainy night on March 11, 2010, Portland defeated Seattle 1–0 in a preseason community shield charity match. The crowd of 18,606 in attendance that night at Qwest Field is one of the largest crowds to attend a preseason game between two U.S. teams in American soccer history.

In hoping to stoke the rivalry for the future 2011 Major League Soccer season — when the Timbers would be joining the Sounders in MLS — Portland unveiled a billboard displaying a Timbers crest and the words Portland, Oregon and Soccer City USA less than a mile from Qwest Field in Seattle. The billboard was broadcast to a nationwide audience on ESPN2 during halftime of the Sounders home match versus Real Salt Lake that evening.

In March 2011, the Timbers defeated the Sounders 2–0 in the preseason Cascadia Summit, a round robin game event involving the two teams and their Canadian rival, the Vancouver Whitecaps FC. In their first match as both MLS sides, and the first time since 1982 the two played in top division American soccer the Timbers and the Sounders battled to a draw at a rain-soaked Qwest Field in front of 36,593 in the highly anticipated MLS debut of the three-way Cascadia Cup. This was a stadium record crowd to see a regular season MLS match, and included more than 500 traveling Portland fans. The return match, on July 10, 2011 saw Seattle earn a 3–2 road victory.

On October 7, 2012, Seattle hosted Portland at CenturyLink Field in front of 66,452 people, the second-largest stand-alone crowd in MLS history. The Timbers had their second chance of the year to clinch their first Cascadia Cup contested by all three sides, but lost 3–0 to the host Sounders.

In the fourth round of the 2015 U.S. Open Cup, the Sounders hosted the Timbers at the Starfire Sports Complex in Tukwila, Washington. Seattle, the defending champions of the Open Cup, lost 3–1 and ended the match with only six players after three were sent off by the referee with red cards and Obafemi Martins was injured after all three substitutions had been used. The final red card was given to Clint Dempsey for tearing up the notebook of referee Daniel Radford, for which he was suspended an additional three Open Cup matches. The match was later nicknamed the "Red Card Wedding" by fans, a reference to an episode of the television series Game of Thrones.

From 2015 through 2021, either Portland or Seattle represented the MLS Western Conference in the MLS Cup title game. Seattle won two titles in four appearances, while Portland won one in three; the Timbers also won the 2020 MLS is Back Tournament, held during the COVID-19 pandemic. From 2018 to 2022, the home team won only one of eleven rivalry matches played during the MLS regular season. An August 2021 match at Providence Park ended in a 6–2 Sounders victory, the largest margin in the rivalry's history and the most goals conceded by the Timbers in any league competition.

On August 29, 2021, the Sounders and OL Reign hosted a men's–women's doubleheader with their respective opponents from Portland (the Timbers and Thorns). The women's match, a 2–1 Reign victory, set a National Women's Soccer League attendance record, with 27,248 spectators, and was followed by 45,737 for the Sounders' 2–0 loss to the Timbers. A similar doubleheader is planned for June 3, 2023.

Supporter groups

A bitter rivalry between the teams' supporter groups exists. The Portland Timbers are supported by the Timbers Army, and Seattle Sounders by the Emerald City Supporters.  The spirited groups have always showed a deep amount of resentment toward each other throughout the years. With the close proximity of the two cities, traveling fans of both sides witness hostile environments while visiting the opposing stadium. A rare moment of violence broke out in March 2010 after a preseason Timbers win in Seattle, when, three Sounders fans (who were supposedly not associated with any Sounders supporters group) assaulted a Timbers fan, choking and dragging him with his team scarf.

On March 20, 2009, at the Portland MLS expansion rally, League Commissioner Don Garber mentioned what a great region the Pacific Northwest is for soccer, and gave an example by the success of the new MLS team Seattle Sounders.  However, his comment was met with heavy boos, and jeers coming from the Timbers Army surrounding him.  Portland mayor, Sam Adams, then offered a challenge to the Seattle mayor, for when the Timbers and Sounders meet in 2011.

Attendance

Players and transfers
A large portion of the Sounders-Timbers rivalry can be seen on the soccer field itself. Before Seattle made the jump to MLS, many onfield rivalries between the players existed. As the years progressed, this would only enhance the level of competition, and intensify the matches.  An example of this was the notable rivalry between Timbers defender Scot Thompson and Sounders striker Roger Levesque.  Levesque played in Seattle from 2006-2012, while Thompson played in Portland from 2004 to 2010.

Another reason the rivalry intensified was the transfer of star players between the two teams.  While many players transferred to the other rival city from when the Timbers resumed play in 2001, the most memorable was the signing of Portland's all time assist leader, and fan favorite Hugo Alcaraz-Cuellar to Seattle in 2007.  That same season, Seattle star Andrew Gregor signed with Portland, thus creating tensions on the field, as the players became familiar with each other. While playing for the Sounders in 2003, Gregor had said "A lot of the guys, we know each other from years back, and we don't get along and stuff. It's always exciting."

NASL and USL matches between the teams were intense and more physical than other teams in the leagues. Former Sounders head coach Sigi Schmid said in 2010 that Seattle, Portland, and Vancouver playing in the same league again will be "something that's going to be one of the key features of MLS". The first of these was Seattle fan favorite Mike Fucito who came to Portland via the Montreal Impact on April 20, 2012.

Seattle, then Portland

Portland, then Seattle

Cups

Between 2004 and 2008, the USL Seattle Sounders, Portland Timbers, and Vancouver Whitecaps competed for the supporter created Cascadia Cup, to be awarded to the club who finished with the best record in each season series between the three teams. The Cascadia Cup was created to celebrate the strong rivalries between each of the three clubs. Seattle won the Cascadia Cup twice in this five-year period while Portland never won. Seattle was not involved in the 2009 or 2010 competitions, both of which were won by Portland. While both Seattle and Portland consider Vancouver to be a rival, both of the U.S. fanbases consider their rivalries with Vancouver more cordial than with one another. In a 2011 story on the rivalry by Sports Illustrated writer Grant Wahl, one Timbers Army member said about Vancouver fans, "It's hard to dislike them because they're so nice", and an Emerald City Supporters member added, "They're like the nice cousin that's never going to offend anyone at a party." The MLS versions of the Whitecaps, Sounders and Timbers resumed contesting the Cascadia Cup, beginning with the 2011 season.

Results
For statistical purposes, matches that went to shootouts are counted as draws. Matches ending with a shootout are denoted with an '*'.

NASL era

NASL Indoor

Alliance era

A-League/USL era

MLS era

Notable friendlies

Western Conference standings finishes

• Total: Seattle with 8 higher finishes, Portland with 4.

See also
 Rivalry between the cities

References

1975 establishments in Oregon
1975 establishments in Washington (state)
Major League Soccer rivalries
Seattle Seattle Sounders FC
Portland Timbers
Soccer in Seattle
Sports in Portland, Oregon


The only presidential elections were contested in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for the post of President of Crimea, at the time a republic within Ukraine. The office was created by the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea, the republic's unicameral parliament October 13, 1993. Elections were subsequently held on January 16, 1994 with the second round on January 30 since a two-round system was used to elect the President. The presidential elections in Crimea were one of the most important precedents of the Crimean crisis that laid the basis for the Ukrainian-Russian international relationship.

Overview
The pro-Russian Yuriy Meshkov won the second round of voting with 72.9 percent of the vote. Some of the other candidates that showed interest, but not listed in the table below were Yevhen Isaev (Green Party of Crimea) and Natalia Vasilyeva (Sevastopol City Council deputy). The Crimean parliament refused to register the People's Movement of Ukraine's representative on November 18, 1993.

Background

Meshkov was able to remain in office until March 17, 1995 when the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine abolished the office of president. Two weeks thereafter the President of Ukraine temporarily re-subordinated the government of Crimea to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine with reservation to appoint the Crimean prime-minister by the President of Ukraine. In light of that the parliament of Crimea appealed to both parliaments of Russia and Ukraine not to hurry in signing the friendship treaty without ignoring the interest of people of the peninsula.

At first the Russian government stated that the Crimean problem is the Ukrainian internal issues, implying that there are no intentions of the Russian government to intervene. Even the First Deputy Prime Minister Oleg Soskovets who arrived to Kyiv to sign an international agreement between Russia and Ukraine soon after the disestablishment of the presidential post in Crimea confirmed that it will not influence the ongoing negotiations between the two neighboring countries. State Duma, nevertheless, later issued its note of concern for the negotiations with Kyiv which may jeopardize the stability in the region. Soon thereafter the President of the Russian Federation announced that the friendship treaty could not be signed, while the current Russian foreign minister Andrei Kozyrev in the context of the situation in Crimea chose the following words:

The Crimean question first surfaced in January 1992 when on the initiative of Vladimir Lukin the Russian parliamentarians were given a draft of resolution concerning the 1954 transfer of Crimea. The resolution was composed by the Committee of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Economic Relations which he headed at that time and proposed to annul the decision of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The proposal was not addressed at that time to avoid any additional open confrontations (Civil war in Tajikistan, First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Georgian Civil War, and others). When the issue of Crimea was raised again in 1994 together with the Black Sea Fleet, Lukin stated that his main intentions were to put the government of Ukraine in front of the dilemma either to surrender the Ukrainian ports and the Fleet or deal with questioning status of the Crimea, the invalidation of which he had intentions to pass in the Russian Parliament with the before mentioned resolution.

Results

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" | Candidates — nominating parties
! style="text-align:right;" | Votes first round
! style="text-align:right;" | %
! style="text-align:right;" | Votes second round
! style="text-align:right;" | %
|-
| style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Yuriy Meshkov — Bloc "Russia"
| style="vertical-align:top;" |557,226
| style="vertical-align:top;" |38.50
| style="vertical-align:top;" |1,040,888
| style="vertical-align:top;" |72.92
|-
| style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Mykola Bahrov — (supported by Mejlis)
| style="vertical-align:top;" |254,042
| style="vertical-align:top;" |17.55
| style="vertical-align:top;" |333,243
| style="vertical-align:top;" |23.35
|-
| style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Serhiy Shuvainykov — Russian Party of Crimea
| style="vertical-align:top;" |196,324
| style="vertical-align:top;" |13.56
|colspan=2 rowspan=4|
|-
| style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Leonid Hrach — Communist Party of Ukraine
| style="vertical-align:top;" |176,330
| style="vertical-align:top;" |12.80
|-
| style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Ivan Yermakov — Ukrainian president representative in Sevastopol
| style="vertical-align:top;" |90,347
| style="vertical-align:top;" |6.22
|-
| style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Volodymyr Verkoshansky — self-nomination
| style="vertical-align:top;" |14,205
| style="vertical-align:top;" |0.98
|-
| style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Total
| style="vertical-align:top;" |1,288,474
| style="vertical-align:top;" |100.00
| style="vertical-align:top;" |1,374,131
| style="vertical-align:top;" |100.00
|-
|colspan=5|Source:
|}

References

Elections in Crimea
1994 elections in Ukraine


Kyrylo Studynsky, also known as Kyrylo Studynskyi (; 4 October 1868, in Kypiachka – 1941), was a western Ukrainian political and cultural figure from the late-19th to the mid-20th century. One of the principal figures within the Christian Social Movement in Ukraine, in 1939 Studynsky became head of the People's Assembly of Western Ukraine following the Soviet annexation of Western Ukraine, 1939–1940, and led the delegation to Moscow that formally requested the inclusion of Western Ukraine to the Soviet Union.

Biography

Kyrylo Studynsky was born in Kypiachka (now in Ternopil Oblast), at the time a part of Austria-Hungary, into a prominent clerical family. His grandfather, the priest Stephan Kachala, was a historian and member of the Austrian parliament. Kyrylo Studynsky studied philosophy at the University of Lviv, and at the University of Vienna before switching to Philology at the latter institution. He then studied Slavonics at the University of Berlin, and in 1897 became a lecturer of the Ukrainian language at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. A specialist in Philology, from 1900 until 1918 he was a professor at the University of Lviv. He knew 6 ancient languages and 10 modern ones, and published over 500 academic works. In addition to such academic pursuits, Studynsky also published poetry and memoirs.

In 1911 Studynsky helped found the Christian Social Party and played an important role in organizing the educational system of the West Ukrainian National Republic. Following the annexation of Western Ukraine by Poland, along with many other Ukrainian professors, he was released from the University of Lviv by the Polish authorities. Studynsky subsequently became head of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. A close friend of Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, he made numerous visits to Kyiv and Kharkiv throughout the 1920s and was a member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in the Ukrainian SSR during the time of Ukrainization within the Ukrainian SSR. Due to his alleged pro-Soviet sympathies, in 1930 he was assaulted in his office at the Shevchenko Scientific Society by two members of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. In 1932, Studynsky was among the first academics to protest against the Holodomor and was expelled from the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine the following year.

Final events and deaths

When the Soviet Union annexed western Ukraine in 1939, Soviet-sponsored elections created a People's Assembly of Western Ukraine. Studynsky became its head, and he led the delegation to Moscow that requested the formal inclusion of Western Ukraine into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. Following western Ukraine's incorporation into the USSR, Studynsky was reinstated in the Academy of Sciences, became a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR and became head of the Philology department at the University of Lviv. According to archived personal documents, he had no illusions about the repressive nature of Soviet power, but sought compromise with the authorities in order to moderate their activities. During this time he did all he could to protect others from Soviet repression. Through his personal interventions, ten wives of executed academics were spared the death penalty, and the widow and sister of Mykhailo Hrushevskyi were not denied their pensions. In June 1941, when the USSR was invaded by Germany, he was forcibly evacuated from Lviv by the Soviets and died under mysterious circumstances.

In 2015 was published by archivists the following NKVD encrypted telegram from 6 July 1941: "To the instructions of Comrade Khrushchev we arrested Studynsky, Franko, Kyiv artist , "Nationalists"; due to the fact that it is difficult to get them out of Kyiv, we consider it advisable to shoot them. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (b) has the same opinion".

See also
List of unsolved deaths

References
Inline

General
Encyclopedia of Ukraine, ed. Volodymyr Kubiyovych. New York.

1868 births
1940s missing person cases
1941 deaths
First convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Academic staff of Jagiellonian University
Members of the Shevchenko Scientific Society
Missing person cases in Ukraine
Nonpersons in the Eastern Bloc
People from Ternopil Oblast
People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Ukrainian Austro-Hungarians
Ukrainian politicians before 1991
University of Lviv alumni
University of Vienna alumni
Unsolved deaths


"Stick It Out" is a song and single by the band Rush from their 1993 album Counterparts. The song debuted at number one on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart, becoming the band's only number one debut of their five chart-toppers. The song also reached number one on the RPM Cancon chart.

A music video was made for the song. It was briefly featured on an episode of Beavis and Butt-Head. "Stick It Out" has been featured live on several of Rush's tours, including the Counterparts, Test for Echo, and Time Machine Tours.

Background
Drummer and lyricist Neil Peart said of the song: It’s just a play on the words, really. "Stick It Out" meaning both a kind of arrogant display, 'stick it out', but also the endurance thing; if you have a difficult thing to endure, stick it out and you get to the end. It was the pun on both of those, really, so again the duality in the song is a bit leaning both ways. The sense of forbearance, of holding back, and also the idea of fortitude: stick it out, you know, survive.

But that was more of a piece of fun. That song, I would say, both lyrically and musically, verges on parody, and that was one I think we just had fun with, and lyrically I certainly did, too. 'Stick it out' and 'spit it out' and all that was just a bit of word play.

Lead singer and bassist Geddy Lee said: I love the riff. It’s a great riff song. I love playing it, and it’s a very bass-heavy song, which always makes me happy. Lyrically, it’s kind of so-so. I don’t know. I think the best thing about it is the vibe and that it’s stripped down to a trio, back to doing riff rock.

Track listing

Personnel
 Geddy Lee – bass guitar, vocals, synthesizer
 Alex Lifeson – guitars
 Neil Peart – drums, percussion

See also
List of Rush songs
List of Billboard Mainstream Rock number-one songs of the 1990s

References

1993 songs
1993 singles
Rush (band) songs
Music videos directed by Samuel Bayer
Song recordings produced by Peter Collins (record producer)
Songs written by Neil Peart
Songs written by Alex Lifeson
Songs written by Geddy Lee
Atlantic Records singles
Grunge songs


Beatrice of Silesia (also known as Beatrice of Świdnica; , ; 1290 – 24 August 1322) was a Polish princess member of the House of Piast in the Silesian branch of Jawor-Świdnica and by marriage Duchess of Bavaria and German Queen.

Family
She was the second daughter of Bolko I the Strict, Duke of Jawor-Świdnica, by his wife Beatrice, daughter of Otto V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel.

Beatrice was the third of ten children born to her mother and father. Her siblings included: Bernard of Świdnica, Henry I of Jawor, Bolko II of Ziębice and Judith, wife of Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria.

Seven years after the death of Beatrice's father and the birth of her posthumous sister, Anna, her mother Beatrice was remarried to Władysław of Bytom. From this marriage, Beatrice and her siblings gained two half-siblings: Casimir of Koźle and Euphemia, wife of Konrad I of Oleśnica.

Life
After her father's early death in 1301, Beatrice and her siblings were placed under the tutelage of their maternal uncle Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel until 1305, when the oldest son of Bolko I, Bernard, assumed the government of his domains and the guardianship of his younger siblings, including Beatrix.

It was this brother Bernard who, wanting to secure an alliance with Bavaria, arranged Beatrice's marriage to Louis IV, Duke of Upper Bavaria. The wedding took place by 14 October 1308. During her marriage, Beatrice gave birth to six children, but only three survived to adulthood: Matilda -by marriage Margravine of Meissen-, Louis V the Brandenburger -later Duke of Upper Bavaria, Margrave of Brandenburg and Count of Tyrol- and Stephen II – later Duke of Lower Bavaria.

Duke Louis IV was elected German King on 20 October 1314. However, another faction had elected Frederick I of Austria as King on 19 October. The two rival Kings would continue their dispute for the rest of her life. She was one of two rival German queens, with Isabella of Aragon, wife of Frederick I.

Beatrice died, at Munich, a long time before her husband's coronation as Holy Roman Emperor (in 1328). Two years after her death, Louis IV was remarried to Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut.

Issue
Louis and Beatrix had six children; three of them lived to adulthood:
 Mathilde (aft. 21 June 1313 – 2 July 1346, Meißen), married at Nuremberg 1 July 1329 Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen (d. 1349)
 Daughter (end September 1314 – died shortly after).
 Louis V the Brandenburger (July 1316 – 17/18 September 1361), duke of Upper Bavaria, margrave of Brandenburg, count of Tyrol
 Anna (c. July 1317 – 29 January 1319, Kastl)
 Agnes ( – died shortly after).
 Stephen II (autumn 1319 – 19 May 1375), duke of Lower Bavaria

Notes and references

1290 births
1322 deaths
Queens of the Romans
Piast dynasty
House of Wittelsbach
14th-century German women
Burials at Munich Frauenkirche


MA-60 or MA 60 may refer to:

Massachusetts Route 60, a road in the U.S.
Xian MA60, a Chinese airliner


Sandy Cove is a community of the Halifax Regional Municipality in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia on the Chebucto Peninsula.

Climate

References

 Explore HRM
Sandy Cove on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Halifax, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia