Sydney William Kitson (born September 27, 1958) is a former professional American football guard in the National Football League (NFL) for the Green Bay Packers and the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football at Wake Forest University.

Early years
He attended New Providence High School in New Providence, New Jersey, where he played football on the New Providence Pioneers. He accepted a scholarship from Wake Forest University. In college, he started his career at tight end, before being moved to offensive tackle and eventually to offensive guard.

Professional career

Green Bay Packers
Kitson was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the third round (61st overall) of the 1980 NFL Draft. As a rookie, he was a reserve guard until the tenth game, when he replaced an injured Buddy Aydelette as the team's long snapper.

On October 13, 1981, he was placed on the injured reserve list with a neck injury for five games. In 1982, he was placed on the injured reserve list, after suffering a cracked shoulder, while playing against the Los Angeles Raiders in the preseason.

In 1983, he alternated at left guard with Dave Drechsler for the first 4 games, before being moved to right guard after the 11th game of the season in place of Tim Huffman. He had a reception for 9 yards as an eligible receiver against the Minnesota Vikings.

In 1984, he was benched after the third game, in favor of using a larger Ron Hallstrom at right guard. He was released on October 23 to make room for guard Keith Uecker.

Dallas Cowboys
On November 27, 1984, he was signed as a free agent by the Dallas Cowboys and only played in one game. He was waived on August 27, 1985 season.

Personal life
From 1986 to 1992, he founded a real estate company that developed and sold residential communities, commercial properties, senior housing units, retail stores and offices.

He is currently the chairman/CEO and one of the founding partners of Kitson & Partners, a real estate development company. Kitson, along with group of his partners from Kitson & Partners, planned a new solar-powered city called Babcock Ranch in Southwest Florida.  Kitson also serves on the board of directors of the Florida Council of 100 and as the Chair of the Florida Chamber.

References

1958 births
Living people
People from New Providence, New Jersey
Sportspeople from Orange, New Jersey
Players of American football from Essex County, New Jersey
Players of American football from Union County, New Jersey
American football offensive guards
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football players
Green Bay Packers players
Dallas Cowboys players


Naomi Kate Wynn Wilson  (born 27 January 1940) is a former teacher and Tanzanian-born Australian politician, who was a National Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1995 to 1998, as which she represented the district of Mulgrave.

Wilson is the daughter of the Welsh Anglican Bishop of Central Tanganyika, William (Bill) Wynn Jones, and of Ruth L. Minton Taylor, and the great-granddaughter of the former senator and Premier of Tasmania, Henry Dobson. Wilson was born in Arusha in Tanganyika (now Tanzania).

Wilson was a Mulgrave Shire councillor from 1991 to 1995. Wilson entered state parliament at the 1995 state election by defeating incumbent Labor Party MP Warren Pitt for the seat of Mulgrave. When the National Party came to power under the leadership Rob Borbidge in February 1996, Wilson was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Families, Youth and Community Care. In February 1998 she won promotion to the ministry, becoming the Minister for Families, Youth and Community Care. Wilson held this position until her defeat the following June at the 1998 state election, where she finished in third place behind Labor's Warren Pitt and victorious One Nation candidate Charles Rappolt.

When Rappolt prematurely retired in late 1998 Wilson stood as the endorsed National Party candidate for the Mulgrave by-election, in which she lost slightly to Labor's Warren Pitt. Wilson stood as the National Party candidate in the neighbouring district Cairns during the 2001 state election in which she was defeated by incumbent Labor MP Desley Boyle.

References

1940 births
Living people
National Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Queensland
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
Tanzanian emigrants to Australia
Women members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
People from Arusha Region


Hume (formerly, Humes) is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located  east of Fresno, at an elevation of 5344 feet (1629 m). Hume is located in the 93628 ZIP Code, in area code 559.

Hume is situated on the south shore of Hume Lake in the Sequoia National Forest, not far from the west entrance to Kings Canyon National Park. Much of the community and the lake is devoted to the tourism industry.

Many of Hume's residents live in the Hume Lake Subdivision.

Hume has been characterized as the "most conservative community" in the state of California.

The largest facility at the lake is Hume Lake Christian Camps a Christian camp and conference center.

History
The Hume Lake Subdivision was built to finance the development of Hume Lake Christian Camps. John Strain conducted the original surveys for the subdivision and Don French built the roads and water systems. 247 lots were subdivided on 99 year leases.

A post office operated at Hume from 1908 to 1924, and from 1938 to the present.

By 1986 over 230 homes were constructed in the Hume Lake Subdivision.

Climate

References

Populated places established in 1908
Unincorporated communities in California
Unincorporated communities in Fresno County, California
1908 establishments in California


Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 19 April 1997. The result was a victory for the United Democratic Forces (an alliance of the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS), the Democratic Party, the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union-Nikola Petkov and the Bulgarian Social Democratic Party), which won 137 of the 240 seats. Following the election, SDS leader Ivan Kostov became Prime Minister.

Results

Aftermath
Following the elections, Ivan Kostov formed the Kostov Government.

References

Bulgaria
Parliamentary
Parliamentary elections in Bulgaria


Dr. John Collis Browne MRCS (1819–1884) was a British Army officer, inventor of items for yachts and the originator of the medicine Chlorodyne.

Serving as surgeon with the 98th Regiment of Foot in India in 1848, Browne developed Chlorodyne for use during an outbreak of cholera. It was subsequently used as a general cure in the Crimean War.

In 1856 he left the army and went into partnership with John Thistlewood Davenport, a chemist, then at 33 Great Russell Street, to whom he assigned the sole right to manufacture and market 'Brown's Cough Bottle'. The formulation was abused and its addictive ingredients were reduced as a result; since the Medicines Act of 1968 it has been known as 'J. Collis Browne's Compound'. It was still marketed by J.T. Davenport & Sons – the same family – up until the 1960s. BCB International, named for the product, now focusses on outdoor equipment, including shark repellent, ballistic underwear, bioethanol fuel packs, and emergency packs for lifeboats.

Dr Browne died at Mount Albion House, Ramsgate, on 30 August 1884.  He is buried in St Laurence-in-Thanet churchyard in Ramsgate.

Upon Browne's death plans were made by Messrs Davenport to erect a plaque in his memory on the house where he had lived. The plaque was designed by the lettering craftsman William Sharpington and unveiled by the Mayor of Ramsgate on 8 May 1973. Dr N.M. Goodman recorded the event in The Lancet.

References

1819 births
1884 deaths
British Army regimental surgeons
98th Regiment of Foot officers
19th-century British Army personnel
19th-century British inventors


Liddle Towers (19 September 1936 – 9 February 1976) was an electrician and amateur boxing coach from Chester-le-Street, County Durham, England, who died following a spell in police custody in 1976.

Death
Towers was arrested outside the Key Club in Birtley on 16 January 1976 by PC Goodner. After a struggle he was put into a dog van by six policemen and taken to Gateshead police station. Later, at 4 am, he was taken from the station to Queen Elizabeth Hospital because he complained of not feeling well, and, after an examination which apparently revealed no injury and nothing wrong with him, he was taken back to the cells. He was discharged later that same morning at 10 o'clock.

Both the taxi driver who took Towers home and his local GP, Alan Powney, who saw him later that day at 2 o'clock, gave evidence that was consistent with Towers' own account of having been assaulted in the cells. Towers told his friend "They gave us a bloody good kicking outside the Key Club, but that was nowt to what I got when I got inside". Towers died on 9 February 1976 at Dryburn Hospital, County Durham.

On 8 October 1976 an inquest into the death of Towers returned a verdict of justifiable homicide. The case had been reported in the national press and the verdict was widely criticised, causing considerable disquiet over both the integrity of the Northumbria Police and of police behaviour and accountability in general. On 3 May 1977, the Attorney-General, in answer to a Written Question from the MP for Chester-le-Street Giles Radice, said that the DPP had "decided that the evidence was not such as to justify the institution of criminal proceedings against any officer". On 8 July the Home Secretary recorded his refusal to set up an inquiry under the provision of S32 Police Act (1964).

The justifiable homicide verdict was appealed and, in June 1978, was set aside by the Queen's Bench Divisional Court, which ordered a new inquest. The second inquest, held in Bishop Auckland in October 1978, reached a verdict of death by misadventure.

The Towers case was thought to have influenced the outcome of a similar case from 2009 where a newspaper seller, Ian Tomlinson, was also killed by police.

In popular culture

In 1977, the mod band The Jam were critical of the police in their song "Time for Truth" which contains the lyric "Bring forward the six pigs, We wanna see them swing so high" and a shout of "Liddle Towers".

The following year, punk band the Angelic Upstarts released a single entitled "The Murder of Liddle Towers" in 1978.

1978 also saw the release of the single "Justifiable Homicide", by Sex Pistols producer Dave Goodman.

The Tom Robinson Band dedicated their 1979 album, TRB Two to Mary Towers, the mother of Liddle Towers. The song "Blue Murder" on this album relates to the death of Towers.

Skinhead band The Crux also did a song called "Liddle Towers" about the incident.

Notes

External links
 World in Action  TV  Series

Deaths in police custody in the United Kingdom
1936 births
1976 deaths
People from Chester-le-Street


Nelson Alberto Aguiar Ramírez  is a Cuban dissident. He was arrested and sentenced to 13 years in jail during the Black Spring in 2003. Amnesty International declared him a prisoner of conscience. He is president of the unofficial Partido Ortodoxo de Cuba (Cuban Orthodox Party).

He is an electrician by trade.

References

External links
 Síntesis biográfica de Nelson Aguiar Ramírez at Payolibre.com

See also
 Black Spring (Cuba)

Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Cuba
Cuban dissidents
Cuban democracy activists
Living people
Political prisoners
Cuban prisoners and detainees
Year of birth missing (living people)


Pseudocolus is a genus of fungi in the stinkhorn family. The fruit bodies have three or four simple arms that are initially  joined at the tip, but often break apart. The tips of the arms are covered with a slimy, foul-smelling gleba, which attracts insects that help disperse the spores. The genus contains three species: the type Pseudocolus fusiformis, P. garciae, similar in appearance to the type but with a pinkish to red, rather than orange color, and P. grandis, found in India.

Taxonomy

The first appearance of the type species, Pseudocolus fusiformis, in the literature was in 1890, under the name Colus fusiformis, when Eduard Fischer wrote a description based on a painting he found in the Paris Museum of Natural History. In his 1944 monograph on the Gasteromycetes of Australia and New Zealand, Gordon Herriot Cunningham considered this naming to be a nomen nudum—not published with an adequate description. However, it was valid under the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. In 1899 Penzig described the species Colus javanicus based on a single specimen found on Java, and a year later Fischer amended the name of his original Colus fusiformis to Colus javanicus, as he was not satisfied with the quality of his original description. Despite his doubts on the validity of his description, his original naming is both legitimate and has priority over C. javanicus.

In 1907, Curtis Gates Lloyd described the new genus Pseudocolus, and reduced several species to synonyms of Pseudocolus fusiformis.

Description

The fruit body consists of a flaring, short stipe surmounted by unbranched columns that bear the gleba and are normally united at the apex, occasionally becoming free. The tissue of the receptacle has a tubular structure.

Species
Several species described as Pseudocolus have been reduced to synonymy with P. fusiformis, while others are poorly known and have been seldom reported in the literature since their original descriptions.
Pseudocolus archeri (Berk.) Lloyd (1913)
Originally described in 1860 by Miles Joseph Berkeley as Lysurus archeri , this name is one of many synonyms now lumped under Clathrus archeri (Berk.) Dring (1980)
Pseudocolus fusiformis (E.Fisch.) Lloyd (1909)
Originally Colus fusiformis E.Fisch.
Pseudocolus garciae (Möller) Lloyd (1907)
Pseudocolus grandis J.A. Sáenz, Rawla & R. Sharma (1982)
Pseudocolus jaczewskii Woronow (1918)
Described in 1918 from specimens collected by Voronoc in South Colchis; synonymous with P. fusiformis
Pseudocolus javanicus (Penz.) Lloyd (1907)
Pseudocolus mauritianus Lloyd (1917)
Pseudocolus rothae (Lloyd) Yasuda (1916)
Pseudocolus rothae Lloyd (1907)
Pseudocolus schellenbergiae (Sumst.) Johnson (1929)

Distribution

Pseudocolis fusiformis is known from east Asia and Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand, and southern Africa, and has been introduced to the United States. P. garciae is found in North America and South America. P. grandis is found in both northern and southern India.

References

Phallales
Agaricomycetes genera
Taxa named by Curtis Gates Lloyd
Taxa described in 1907


Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 13 October 1991. They were the first elections held under the country's first post-communist constitution, which had been promulgated three months earlier.

The result was a victory for the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS), which won 110 of the 240 seats. The Bulgarian Socialist Party, the successor to the Communist Party, finished a close second with 106 seats. Voter turnout was 83.9%. Following the election, SDS leader Philip Dimitrov became Prime Minister, heading a coalition of the SDS and the Movement for Rights and Freedoms.

Results

References

Bulgaria
Parliamentary
1991 in Bulgaria
Parliamentary elections in Bulgaria
Bulgaria


Main Square is a complex of four apartment buildings in Toronto, Canada. The three-hectare site houses about 2000 people. It is located in the eastern part of the city at the intersection of Main Street and Danforth Avenue. The complex is located just north of the railway lines and the Danforth GO Station and just south of the Main Street subway station. It consists of four towers, the tallest being 29 stories. At ground level, there is also a shopping plaza along Danforth and a city-run community centre.

The complex was built in 1972 in a joint venture with the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), a government entity, and a private developer. It was built on land by the railroad that had previously belonged to the Canadian National Railway. By the mid-1980s, like many buildings built in that style and period, the complex already had a down and out appearance, with an empty concrete frontage and public space. All the shops in the plaza did not have doors opening directly on to Danforth, but were only accessible through doors leading into the complex.

CMHC sold its share of the building in 1998, and it is now a fully private enterprise. Since 1998, there has been significant investment in improvements to the existing buildings. These improvements have occurred in stages and have included updates to the building facades, lobbies, halls and infrastructure (boilers, windows, elevators and roofs); improvements to the centre court and garage (reconstruction of the eastern section of the garage, repainting and additional landscaping). By the latter part of the 2000s, there was revitalization of the shops and services along Danforth Avenue, and conversion of vacant office and locker space into units providing better supervision of the open space around the building. The revitalization of the complex is in step with the gentrification and building boom that was happening in the 2000s, but was subsequently dampened by the influx of gangs and prostitution in late 2007 on Danforth just to the east.

In 2006, the city of Toronto rezoned the area, permitting the owner, Talisker Corporation, to build two more towers in the complex, thus adding 500 new rental housing units to the existing Main Square development, which will provide for appropriate residential intensification that is transit-accessible. As part of the proposal, both the existing and new rental buildings were to be secured as rental housing, along with the improvements to the existing buildings, the provision of new and refurbished amenity spaces and improved landscaped areas. The proposed development would also secure significant community benefits through a negotiated agreement under Section 37 of the Planning Act of the City of Toronto.

References

"Kowloon on the Danforth: Main Square development squeezes in a lot of renters." Robert Ouellette. National Post. Sep 16, 2006. pg. A.13
"CMHC unloads housing project Fate of free day care unclear." Margaret Philp. The Globe and Mail. Feb 20, 1998. pg. A.8
"Profit Sharing Helps Main Square Tenants. Mack Parliament. Toronto Star. December 11, 1971

Neighbourhoods in Toronto
Residential skyscrapers in Toronto
Apartment buildings in Canada


How Do You Say I Don't Love You Anymore was Freda Payne's second American album (following a release in Sweden with Don Gardner) released May 28, 1966. although regarded primarily as a jazz album, there are also several covers of pop songs featured, including the Beatles' hit "Yesterday," "Let It Be Me," the Righteous Brothers' "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'," "Feeling Good," and "If You Love Me (Really Love Me)."

On 'Let It Be Me,' the bluesy treatment takes over. 'Yesterday' is delivered in approved pop standard style. Miss Payne is a versatile and polished performer who understands a lyric.

The album was reissued on CD on March 31, 2009 by Poker Records. The reissue contains a biographical essay of Payne's life and career by Mick Patrick (written in December 2008).

Track listing

Album credits
Produced by: Tom Wilson
Arranged and conducted by: Benny Golson

CD reissue credits
CD release conceived and produced by: Dave Timperley and Mick Patrick
Thanks to: Paul Robinson, Jon Roberts, Anna Dueweke, Leee Puddefoot, Kevin Phelan
Special thanks to: David Cole of "In the Basement" (www.basement-group.co.uk)
Labels and memorabilia courtesy of: Dave Timperley
Mastered by: Nick Robbins at Sound Mastering Ltd.
Package designed by: Jane Vallero at Blue Line Design Ltd. (www.blueline-design-co.uk)

1966 albums
Freda Payne albums
Albums produced by Tom Wilson (record producer)
MGM Records albums
Albums conducted by Benny Golson
Albums arranged by Benny Golson


Harry Slatkin (born August 14, 1960) is an American businessman, entrepreneur and philanthropist.

The New York Times called him the "king" of home fragrance and celebrities like Oprah Winfrey and Elton John use his home fragrances. As the founder and creative force behind Slatkin & Co, a home fragrance brand, Slatkin is regarded as one of the country's fragrance experts.

A former Bear Stearns director, he created Slatkin & Co in 1992. Launched at Saks Fifth Avenue, the brand was picked up by specialty retailers and international stores. Fans of the brand included Martha Stewart, Ralph Lauren, Tory Burch, Elton John, the Christian Dior company, flocked to Slatkin to create home fragrance collections. In 2005, retailer Les Wexner purchased Slatkin & Co. for L Brands. He named Slatkin President of Home Design for Limited Brands as well as President of Slatkin & Co.

Slatkin is a contributing editor at Elle Décor magazine and appears regularly on QVC.  He has made guest appearances on networks and shows including CNN, The Martha Stewart Show, Extra TV, E! News, CNBC, ABC and Comedy Central.

In May 2006, Slatkin appeared in Autism Speaks' film Autism Every Day, in which he declared that he had deliberately left a pool on his property uncovered in the hope that his autistic son David would fall into it and drown. He declared he had "spoken to many families who say, 'We all share that hidden, dark thought.'" Later that same month, Slatkin repeated his statement in an edition of Town and Country, posting a copy of the article on his organization's website.

In June 2011, Slatkin, with Tommy Hilfiger and the Labelux Group, acquired Belstaff, a British outerwear brand. Slatkin assumed the role of Chief Executive Officer. In 2014 he sold his shares back to Labelux.

Slatkin is the current owner and CEO of HomeWorx, Scentworx, and Slatkin & Co home fragrance and bath and body brands.

Slatkin and his wife serve on the boards of various non-profit organizations including Autism Speaks, Henry Street Settlement House, and NEXT for Autism, which Slatkin and his wife founded and then built the first charter school for autism in New York State. The Slatkins also partnered with Weill Cornell Medicine and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons to open the Center For Autism and the Developing Brain.

References

External links

1960 births
Living people
Businesspeople from New York City
Philanthropists from New York (state)


The Tamil Eelam Liberation Army was a Sri Lankan Tamil rebel group. TELA was originally the military wing of the Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization, but split away from TELO in 1982.

Early period
TELA was founded by Thangathurai at a meeting in a temple in Thondamanaru in September 1977, along with the Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization (TELO). TELA was to function as the military wing of the movement, whilst TELO would be its political wing. Thangathurai had modeled this set-up based on the Provisional IRA-Sinn Féin. In its early phase, TELA gained a notable presence in the Jaffna area. It was, alongside the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, the largest Tamil militant group in the area.

Split from TELO
In 1982, after the prison massacre of the TELO leadership, TELA broke loose from TELO and began functioning as a separate political faction. After the split, TELA was led by Kulasegaram Devasegaram (). Devasegaram had a feud with Prabhakaran (who was then in the TELO), which had resulted in the split. At this point, TELA became known for a series of attacks on government property.

Devasegaram was assassinated in August 1983, soon after the split. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) was blamed for the killing of Devasegaram, and soon afterwards TELA aligned itself with the archrival of LTTE, the People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam.

Internal disarray
After the killing of TELA leader Castro, splits and internal feuds appeared within the organization. The group was divided into two factions, one led by Rajan and another led by Senthil. Followers of the two groupings began killing each other. PLOTE sided with the Senthil faction. The links between PLOTE and TELA and the animosity between TELA and LTTE eventually resulted in the breakdown of the talks between PLOTE and the Eelam National Liberation Front. ENLF was a coalition of Tamil militant groups (TELO, EROS, EPRLF including LTTE). PLOTE insisted that the Senthil faction of TELA ought to be included in ENLF along with PLOTE, a demand that the LTTE refused to accept.

References

People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam
Tamil Eelam
Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization


Lawrence Sheldon Gelman  (November 3, 1930 – June 7, 2021) was an American film and television character actor. He was known for playing Dr. Bernie Tupperman on the TV series The Bob Newhart Show  and Vinnie, the poker playing friend of Oscar and Felix, in the original TV series version of The Odd Couple.

Biography
Gelman was born in Brooklyn, New York, on November 3, 1930.

On television, Gelman portrayed Leo Gold in Free Country, Irv Schlosser in Grand Slam, Dr. Hubie Binder in Maude officer Bernstein on Eight Is Enough, Al Clemens on Mork & Mindy. and Max on Needles and Pins.

Gelman appeared in other American television series, including The Monkees (3 episodes), Batman, Get Smart, I Dream of Jeannie, My Three Sons, The Doris Day Show (3 episodes), The Mary Tyler Moore Show, The Carol Burnett Show, Rhoda, Kojak (2 episodes), Quincy M.E., CHiPS, The Love Boat, Laverne & Shirley, One Day at a Time (2 episodes), Barney Miller (4 episodes), The Facts of Life, Simon & Simon, Hill Street Blues, Remington Steele, Cagney & Lacey (3 episodes), Scarecrow and Mrs. King, Mr. Belvedere (2 episodes), In the Heat of the Night (2 episodes), Night Court (3 episodes), Doogie Howser, M.D., The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!, Touched by an Angel and ER. He appeared in Tales from the Darkside Love Hungry (series 4, episode 11, 1988) as Elmo. He also was nominated for a Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Series, for his guest-starring  appearance on the episode "Goodbye, Mr. Fish: Part 2" of the American sitcom television series Barney Miller.

In film, Gelman appeared (credited as Larry Spelman) in the X-rated 1976 film Alice in Wonderland with Kristine DeBell, and the adult comedy Chatterbox (1977) starring Candice Rialson. He also had roles in Disney's Superdad (1973), The Strongest Man in the World (1975), Tunnel Vision (1976), Raid on Entebbe (1977), The Triangle Factory Fire Scandal (1979), The Frisco Kid (1979), O'Hara's Wife (1982), Dreamscape (1984), Girls Just Want to Have Fun (1985), The Naked Cage (1986) and Mr. Saturday Night (1992).

On Broadway, Gelman portrayed Tambi Rothman in The Roast (1980). His other stage activities included touring in a production of The Odd Couple and playing Albert Einstein in Einstein: A Stage Portrait.

Gelman also played Einstein in the real-time strategy games Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2 and Command & Conquer: Yuri's Revenge.

He died from injuries suffered in a fall in June 2021, at the age of 90.

Television

References

External links

Larry Gelman at Find a Grave

1930 births
2021 deaths
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
Jewish American male actors
Male actors from Brooklyn
Burials at Los Angeles National Cemetery


Maksim Rayevsky () (died 1931 in Moscow) was a Russian-Jewish anarcho-syndicalist.

Early life and education
Rayevsky was born L. Fishelev in Nizhyn, Russia, into a wealthy Jewish family. He was educated at the gymnasium in Nizhyn and attended university in Germany.

Work
After university, Rayevsky became an anarcho-syndicalist and moved to Paris, where he and Nikolai Rogdaev founded Burevestnik ("The Stormy Petrel"), which was described by anarchist historian Paul Avrich as "the most important anarchist journal of the postrevolutionary period" (i.e., after the Russian Revolution of 1905). They published it from 1906 to 1910. In its pages, Rayevsky criticized anti-syndicalists and anarchist practitioners of propaganda of the deed.

When World War I began, Rayevsky livied in New York City, serving as editor of Golos Truda ("The Voice of Labour"). Golos Truda was the official newspaper of the Union of Russian Workers in the United States and Canada, whose membership exceeded 10,000. Not long after the February Revolution in Russia, Rayevsky left New York and traveled to Petrograd. He sailed on the same ship as Trotsky in May 1917. Two months later, he was joined by the rest of the Golos Truda staff, who had decided to move to Russia en masse.

In Petrograd, Rayevsky edited the first issue of Golos Truda. Shortly thereafter, he suddenly left the anarchist movement. Trotsky helped Rayevsky get a non-political job in the new Soviet government. In the late 1920s, Rayevsky is reported to have been arrested for printing a Trotskyite publication.

Death
Rayevsky died of a heart attack in Moscow in 1931.

References

Notes

19th-century births
1931 deaths
People from Nizhyn
Ukrainian Jews
Anarchist theorists
Anarcho-syndicalists
Russian anarchists
Soviet anarchists


is a centre for the performing arts located in Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo, Japan. It opened in 1990 and is operated by Tokyo Metropolitan Foundation for History and Culture. There is a concert hall with 1999 seats and a playhouse with 834 seats as well as a number of smaller spaces. Yoshinobu Ashihara was the architect, with acoustical design by Nagata Acoustics.

See also
 Suntory Hall
 Tokyo Bunka Kaikan
 Sumida Triphony Hall
 Ikebukuro Station

References

External links

Theatres in Tokyo
Music venues in Tokyo
Concert halls in Japan
Arts centres in Japan
Music venues completed in 1990
Theatres completed in 1990
1990 establishments in Japan
Buildings and structures in Toshima
Ikebukuro


IV is the fourth studio album from reggae band The Aggrolites.  It is the band's third album for Hellcat Records.

Prior to the album's release, the band posted "The Sufferer" on their Myspace page.  "It's Gonna Be OK" was also included on the ANTI- Sampler 2009 which was posted on Amazon.com for free download.

Track listing
All tracks are credited to Jesse Wagner, Jeff Roffredo, Brian Dixon and Roger Rivas.
 "Firecracker" - 4:31
 "What A Complex" - 3:59
 "Wild Time" - 3:02
 "Feelin' Alright" - 4:00
 "The Sufferer" - 3:09
 "It's Time To Go" - 3:58
 "By Her Side" - 3:32
 "Brother Jacob" - 3:55
 "Musically On Top" - 3:14
 "Reggae Summertime" - 4:11
 "Ever Want To Try" - 3:09
 "Keep Moving On" - 4:00
 "Tear That Falls" - 3:09
 "Gotta Find Someone Better" - 4:00
 "Lick It Up" - 4:12
 "The Least I Could Do" - 2:52
 "Runnin' Strong" - 2:41
 "Precious and Few" - 3:46
 "Tonight" - 3:04
 "Soul Gathering" - 2:35
 "It's Gonna Be OK" - 4:06

Personnel
 Jesse Wagner: Lead Vocals / Guitar / Backup Vocals
 Roger Rivas: Piano / Organ / Group Vocals
 Brian Dixon: Guitar / Group Vocals
 Jeff Rofredo: Bass / Backup Vocals

Additional musicians
 Scott Abels: Drums, Percussion
 Korey "Kingston" Horn: Drums on "Feelin' Alright", "By Her Side", "The Least I Could Do", "Runnin' Strong"
 Efren Santana: Saxophone
 Tom Cook: Trombone
 Todd Simon: Trumpet

Other credits
 Recorded at Kingsize Soundlabs in Eagle Rock, California
 All songs written, recorded, mixed, and produced by Dixon/Rivas/Rofredo/Wagner (BMI)
 Mastered by Gene Grimaldi at Oasis in Burbank, CA
 2nd Engineer: Richard P. Robinson
 Artwork by Roger Rivas and Tom D. Kline
 Photography by Jiro Schneider

References

The Aggrolites albums
2009 albums
Albums recorded at Kingsize Soundlabs


Susan Douglas Rubeš C.M. (13 March 1925 – 23 January 2013) was an Austrian-born Canadian actress and producer. She was sometimes credited as Susan Douglas or Susan Rubes.

Life and career
Rubeš was born Zuzka Zenta Bursteinová in Vienna, Austria, the only child of Charlotte and Alfred Burstein. Her family was Jewish. When Zuzka was a child, her parents moved to a farm in Czechoslovakia, where they bred race horses. Her family took her to the theater or opera in Brno, and, on occasion, would visit Zuzka's maternal grandmother in Vienna, the manager of the Burgtheater. She began studying ballet at the age of eight. In 1939, Alfred and Charlotte moved to Paris to escape the German invasion, and a year later, Zuzka and her mother moved to the United States to escape the war in Europe, three months before the Germans invaded Paris. Emigration to the U.S. was allowed on the basis of annual quotas. Charlotte was allowed in the country on  the basis of her birth in Italy, as Italy's quota had not been filled for that year.  Alfred Burstein moved to London to work for the Czechoslovak government-in-exile.

As Charlotte was not happy in her marriage, she arranged a divorce in absentia in Las Vegas and married Edward Weinberger, an agriculturalist. Zuzka learned English (her fourth language) by watching three movies a day. Under the name Suzi Burstein, she attended George Washington High School in New York City. After graduating in 1943, she changed her name to Susan Douglas. Her first name, Zuzka, is Czech for Susan, while she selected Douglas from a phone book.

Beginning in 1945, she began a career spanning radio, television, theater and film; she was both an actress and producer. Her 1947 movie debut was in The Private Affairs of Bel Ami. Following the film, she was offered a standard seven-year contract by Albert Lewin of MGM, but turned it down to live in New York. Between 1946 and 1959, she appeared on hundreds of television shows, including both the radio and TV versions of The Guiding Light. As her character was unmarried and she was pregnant three times during her appearance on The Guiding Light, the producer had her character sick and in an oxygen tent for the first child, and using a wheelchair for the second child, then finally had her character killed off for the third.

In 1953, she co-starred with James Dean in the half-hour Campbell Summer Soundstage television special: "Something For an Empty Briefcase".

In 1959, she moved to Toronto. In 1963, she began introducing plays to schools. She founded the Young People's Theatre in Toronto in 1965, with the goal of introducing children to the live theater experience. This was renamed the Susan Douglas Rubes Theatre Center in 1977. Today, the main venue is known as the Susan Rubes Mainstage. In 1972 she served as associate editor of A Collection of Canadian plays, volume 4. She remained artistic director of the center until 1979, then moved to CBC Television. From 1982-86, she was the head of CBC Radio Drama. From 1987–89, she was president of the Family Channel.

Personal life
She married the Czech-Canadian opera singer Jan Rubeš on September 22, 1950 in New York City. Later the same year the couple appeared together in Forbidden Journey. The couple had three sons: Christopher (died 1996), Jonathan, and Anthony. They remained married until his death in 2009.

Awards and honors

 Tony award for best debut on Broadway
 Drama Bench Award, 1974
 Member of the Order of Canada, 1975
 Woman of the Year Award, B'nai Brith Women's Council of Toronto, 1979

Filmography

References

External links

1925 births
2013 deaths
Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States
Canadian film actresses
Canadian stage actresses
Canadian television actresses
Canadian soap opera actresses
Canadian theatre managers and producers
George Washington Educational Campus alumni
Women theatre managers and producers
Donaldson Award winners
Members of the Order of Canada
20th-century Canadian actresses
Jewish Canadian actresses


The Southeast Region is one of ten United States regions that currently send teams to the Little League World Series, the largest youth baseball competition in the world. The region's participation in the LLWS dates back to 1957, when it was known as the South Region.  However, when the LLWS was expanded in 2001 from eight teams (four U.S. teams and four "International" teams from the rest of the world) to 16 teams (eight U.S. and eight International), the Southern Region was split into the Southeast and Southwest Regions.

The Southeast Region is made up of eight southeastern states.

 Georgia

Regional headquarters have been located in Warner Robins, Georgia since 2008. The regional tournament moved to Warner Robins in 2010. Prior to 2010, St. Petersburg, Florida hosted the tournament.

Regional championship

The year's winner is indicated in green. Columbus in 2006 and Warner Robins in 2007 went on to become the World Series champions.

LLWS results
As of the 2023 Little League World Series.

Results by state
As of the 2023 Little League World Series.

Format
As with all other regions, the tournament offers a "modified double elimination" format.  Teams compete in a double-elimination tournament format with the exception of the championship game, which is a one-game, "winner take all," game regardless of the number of previous tournament losses by either team.

Notes
 Peachtree City National Little League of Peachtree City, Georgia won the Georgia state tournament by defeating Columbus Northern. However, Peachtree City was stripped of their title by virtue of having twelve players on the team whose league age was 12 years old. Little League regulations state that the maximum number for a team is eight.

References

See also
Southwest Region (Little League World Series)
South Region (Little League World Series)

External links
Official site
Southeast Region Little League Tournament Historical Results

Southeast
Baseball competitions in the United States
Sports in the Southern United States


Nepal–Norway relations are bilateral relations between Nepal and Norway. Diplomatic relations were established on 26 January 1973. Norway established an embassy in Kathmandu in 2000. Nepal has a non resident ambassador in Copenhagen.

State visits
In 2008, Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg and Minister of the Environment and International Development Erik Solheim visited Nepal.

In 2009, the Nepalese Prime Minister Prachanda visited Norway.

Norwegian aid
Norway's aid to Nepal was around 32 million USD in 2017. Norwegian aid prioritizes education, good governance and energy.

Embassy bombing
In May 2008, a small bomb exploded outside the Norwegian embassy in Kathmandu. No one was injured.

See also
Foreign relations of Nepal
Foreign relations of Norway

References

External links
Norwegian Embassy in Nepal

Nepal
Norway


The EuroCup Women is an international basketball club competition for women's clubs throughout Europe. The 2008–09 season involved 58 competing teams from 28 different countries. The Turkish team Galatasaray SK became the champion, defeating Cras Basket Taranto in the finals. Trailing by 12 points after the first leg in Italy, Galatasaray returned to Istanbul and won 82-61 for a 137-128 victory on aggregate.

Groups

Group A

Group A

Group B

Group B

Group C

Group C

Group D

Group D

Group E

Group E

Group F

Group F

Group G

Group G

Group H

Group H

Group I

Group I

Group J

Group J

Sixteenth-Finals

Eight-Finals

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final

Notes and references

2
EuroCup Women seasons


The  is a Japanese concert hall located in Ueno Park, Taitō, Tokyo. Designed by Japanese architect Kunio Maekawa, it was built in 1961 and renovated in 1998–99. Its larger hall seats 2303 people, and its small hall seats 649. It is operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Foundation for History and Culture.

Venues
Main Hall
Recital Hall

Access
        Ueno Station (with JR East and Tokyo Metro)
  Keisei Ueno Station (with Keisei Electric Railway)

See also

 Suntory Hall
 New National Theatre Tokyo
 Sōgakudo Concert Hall

External links

Music venues in Tokyo
Concert halls in Japan
Ueno Park
Buildings and structures in Taitō
Music venues completed in 1961
1961 establishments in Japan


Norsk Riksmålsordbok () is a Norwegian dictionary for the unofficial written language form Riksmål. The work was initiated by Riksmaalsvernet around 1920. Its first edition was completed in 1957, and was printed in four volumes. Two extra volumes were issued in 1995. Editors for volume 1, 2 and 3 were Trygve Knudsen and Alf Sommerfelt, and volume 4 had the same two editors, in addition to Harald Noreng. Noreng was editor for volume 5 and 6, from 1995.

Background
Following a speech by teacher and language activist Jens Mørland in 1918, Riksmaalsvernet was founded 30 October 1919. A dictionary committee was established at a meeting 12 December 1919, and started its work after some delay in 1921.

A preliminary wordlist issued by Riksmaalsvernet in March 1921 led to a fierce linguistics debate in newspapers and in the cultural and literary magazine Samtiden. In 1922 Alf Sommerfelt was appointed as editor for the dictionary. Trygve Knudsen joined the work in 1924, and was co-editor for the project from July 1925. Harald Noreng joined as secretary in 1938, and as co-editor from 1940. The dictionary was issued in parts, starting from 1930, and the work was completed in 1957, and printed in four volumes.
From 1981, the Norwegian Academy for Language and Literature has been responsible for the dictionary. A reprint of the four volumes was issued in 1983, and again in 1991.

Following the issue of the four volumes, plans for an additional volume were initiated. After Sommerfelt's death in 1965, and Knudsen's death in 1968, Noreng continued this work. Noreng's extra material resulted in two new volumes, issued in 1995 as volume five and six of the dictionary.

The dictionary work continues in cooperation with the publishing house Kunnskapsforlaget, under the name Det Norske Akademis store ordbok (new name from 2005), and the goal is a revised and extended edition to be completed in 2014.

References

Norwegian dictionaries


Diana I. Agrest (born 1945) is a practicing architect and urban designer and an architecture and urban design theorist, in New York City.

From the beginning of her career, while still a student, she started developing critical work on urban discourse as a result of the inefficiency of the existing urban design theories and models, and her need to find alternative ways to think about the city in relation to her practice. As a result, she developed critical work, both in theory and practice alternatively. She was on the forefront of a poststructuralist approach as a tool for critically re-thinking architecture, and particularly the city and Urbanism.

Academic
Agrest is a full-time, tenured Professor of Architecture at the Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture of The Cooper Union.

She was  a full-time lecturer at Princeton University School of Architecture starting in 1972-1973. She was the first woman architect to teach at the University. She taught both design studio and theory including the  influential  course "The Theoretical Practice of Architecture" . In 1972 she became a fellow of The Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies in New York, where she remained a fellow until 1984. At the IAUS she did research on the concept of 'place' from a semiotic perspective, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health and taught at the Undergraduate Program in Architectural Education, where she was in charge of the pedagogical orientation of the  design studios. She  later became the Director of the Advanced Workshop in Architecture and Urban Form. Based on this work, in 1977 she was offered a teaching position by John Hejduk, dean of the school of architecture at the Cooper Union. Between 1987 and 1994 she divided her teaching between Cooper Union and Columbia University. She has also taught as a guest professor at Yale University, Princeton University and Paris 8 University.

She was a candidate for the deanship at the Cooper Union School of Architecture in 2001, but withdrew as semi-finalist. She also was a finalist as candidate for the deanship at Pratt Institute in 1996.

Practice
Agrest started her practice very early on, after her studies in Paris doing experimental and theoretical projects and competitions from 1969 to 1977. In 1978, Diana Agrest co-founded Agrest and Gandelsonas, and in 1980 Agrest and Gandelsonas Architects in New York. As an architect and urbanist she has been involved in the design and building of projects, with her firm in the US, Asia, Europe and South America, ranging from urban design projects and master plans, institutional and residential buildings to single family houses and interiors that have been received numerous awards. Her work focuses on urban projects at various scales and the city informs her smaller scale architecture. Recent projects and buildings include John and Mary Pappajohn Sculpture Park, Des Moines, Iowa;  Des Moines Vision Plan, second Phase; Green Belt, South Amboy, NJ; International Film Center, Shanghai, China; Master Plan and Urban Design  for 5 Sq. Miles in Xu Jia Hui, Shanghai, China ; Manhattan West, Master Plan for West Side of Manhattan ;Master Plan for the  Renault Trapeze Site  in Boulogne Billancourt, France. Buildings include Private residence in the West Hollywood Hills; Breukelen Community Center, Brooklyn, New York; Melrose Community Center; Farm Complex in Jose Ignacio, Uruguay; Farm Complex, Renovation and Additions, Sagaponack, New York, etc. . She is a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects.
She has also developed a number of theoretical projects on her own, such as Les Echelles, a house for a musician in Majorca, Spain; Park Square, Boston;  the China Basin project in San Francisco, for SFMOMA.

Nature
Since  1989, she has been working on the subject of nature and urban discourse starting with her visionary  project for China Basin which was ahead of its time in proposing a critical exploration of the relationship between nature and urbanism  dispensing with buildings, being a pioneer in what became later called "landscape urbanism". Out of this project she wrote the theoretical essay "The Return of the Repressed: Nature". She  has since worked on the subject of Nature itself, in writing and teaching and  developing since 2009 an advanced research studio which she directs in the MArch II Program at Cooper Union.

Film
Agrest has had a longstanding passion for film and developed an approach to urban architecture based in great part on film and film theory. She was the first to bring this subject to the fore in architecture as a critical theoretical subject. This work was originally presented as "Design Vs Non-Design: A Problem in the Re-definition of Architecture" at Berkeley in 1973. This was later published as "Design Vs Non Design" in Oppositions 6, 1976.
Film and the city has been the subject of a number of essays as well as an important tool in her pedagogical approach.
Based on her theoretical work on the subject, she was approached in 1993 to create a program at The Whitney Museum of American Art, sponsored by the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Rockefeller Foundation and New York University on film and the city. As a result, she created and directed "Framing the City: Film, Video, Urban Architecture", where she developed an approach to Urban Architecture whereby film is used in its relation to the city by producing "filmic readings" of the city, as a point of departure for the production of urban form. She has applied this approach to her Design Studios, thus expanding the way of approaching urban design practice and theory.

As a filmmaker she has written, produced and directed the documentary film "THE MAKING OF AN AVANT-GARDE©: The Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies 1967–1984", which has had its Premiere at The Museum of Modern Art in NY in 2013 and has since been screened at a number of Museums, universities and festivals.

Bibliography
Books by Diana Agrest:
Agrest and Gandelsonas, Works Princeton Architectural Press, 1995
Architecture from Without: Theoretical Framings for a Critical Practice, MIT Press, 1991, published in Japanese by the Kajima Institute)
Architecture of Nature, Applied Research & Design, 2019
Monuments and Places; The Photographic work of Roberto Schezen, Rizzolii, 19
Practice: Architecture, Technique and Representation- Essays, The Gordon and Breach Publishing Company, 2000
A Romance with the City: The Work of Irwin S. Chanin, The Cooper Union, 1982.
The Sex of Architecture, Ed. Agrest/Conway/Weisman, Harry N. Abrams, 1996. Winner of the AIA International Book Award.

Her work and essays are featured in books and encyclopedias including:
Modern Architecture A-Z, Peter Gössel, Benedikt Taschen GmbH, 2007
New York 2000:Architecture and Urbanism from the Bicentennial to the Millennium, Stern, Fishman, Tilove, The Monacelli Press, 2007
A Guide To Contemporary Architecture In America Vol 2. Toto, Tokyo, 2006
Informal City, Kristin Freireiss, Prestel, 2005
Chinese Architecture Highlights, 2005
Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Architecture, Ed. Routledge, New York, 2003.
Encyclopedie de l'Architecture du XX Siecle, Hazan, Paris, 2003
Beach Houses, Roberto Schezen, Michael Webb, harperCollins, 2002
New York Architects, Allan Balfour, Willey and Son,2002
1000 New York Buildings, Ed. Bill Harris, Jorg Brockmann, Judith Dupre, Black Dog & Leventhal    Publishers, 2002.
World Cities New York, Alan Balfour, Academy Editions, UK, 2001
Architects on Architects, Ed. Susan Grey, Wiley and Sons, 2001.
AIA Guide to New York City, Norval White, Elliot Willensky, Three Rivers Press, 2000.-Practice, Architecture, Technique, and Representation, ed. by Stan Allen, G+B International Publishing Group, Newark, NJ, 1999.
American Architecture 2, Ed. P. Jodidio, Taschen 1998.
Dictionnaire Encyclopedie de l' Architecture du XX Siecle, Hazan editeur, Paris, 1998
Oppositions Reader, Ed. K. Michael Hayes, Princeton Architectural Press, 1998.
Architecture Theory Since 1968, Ed. by K. Michael Hays, MIT Press, 1998.
Not Architecture but Evidence that it Exists: Lauretta Vinciarelli's Watercolors, Brooke Hodge, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 1999
The Architect: Redefining her Practice, Ed. Francesca Hughes, MIT Press 1996.
New American Houses, Ed. Mateo Vercelloni, Edizioni L'Arcivolto, 1997
Contemporary American Architects, Volume II, Benedikt Taschen Verlag GmbH, Spring 1996

Her firm's works as well as her own theoretical projects have been the subject of numerous essays.
Both her work and writings have been widely published nationally and internationally in journals and newspapers.

Honors and awards
Her work has received numerous awards including, Excellence in Design Awards from the New York State AIA, Excellence in Design Awards from the New York City Chapter AIA. The Masterwork Award from the Municipal Art Society for the best Building in New York City and the Society of Registered Architects NY Chapter Award of Merit.
In 2008 she was advanced to Fellow of the American Institute of Architects.

She has received grants twice from the Graham Foundation in 2004 and 2009, was awarded  grants twice by the New York State Council on the Arts in 2005 and 2009, and the AIA Brunner Grant in 2006 as well as twice funds from  private donors for her documentary film The Making of an Avant-Garde: The Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies, 1967–84.
She received the AIA International Book Award  for The Sex of Architecture in 1996. She was nominated: for the Chrysler Award in 2001, 1999, 1997 and by the American Academy of Arts and Letters 1993, 1992, 1991. She has also received a Fellowship from the French Government in 1967 to study in Paris.

In 2014, Agrest was recognized for her work designing the Melrose Community Center, a winning site of Built by Women New York City, a competition launched by the Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation during the fall of 2014 to identify outstanding and diverse sites and spaces designed, engineered and built by women.

Exhibitions
Her work has been exhibited in museums, galleries, and universities throughout the United States and abroad including: The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles; The Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; The Dallas Museum of Contemporary Art; The Fogg Museum, Harvard; Leo Castelli Gallery, New York; Centre Pompidou, Paris; Triennale di Milano; Frankfurt Architecture Museum, West Germany, San Francisco. Museum of Modern Art, The Architectural League, NY, Yale University School of Architecture Gallery, Cooper Union, etc.
She has also lectured extensively and participated and been the keynote speaker in conferences and symposiums in North, Central and South America, Europe, Asia and Australia.

Biographical information
Agrest is an American citizen, born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1945 where she started her studies in the field of architecture at the age of 16 and received her Diploma Architect from the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, University of Buenos Aires in 1967. She left Argentina upon graduation, having been awarded a Fellowship from the French Government and did post-graduate work at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes VI Section, Paris and at the Centre de Recherche d'Urbanisme in Paris from 1967 to 1969. She subsequently came to New York to the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies in 1971.

References

External links
Official Site
Faculty profile at The Cooper Union

American women architects
Living people
1945 births
Argentine women architects
Argentine architects
Architects from New York City
Princeton University faculty
20th-century American architects
21st-century American architects
20th-century American women
American women academics
21st-century American women artists


Woodruff is an unincorporated community in Phillips County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the community and nearby areas was 13.

History
A post office was opened in Woodruff in 1885, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1956.

Demographics

For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau defines this community as a census-designated place (CDP).

Notable people
 Harold W. Bauer, World War II flying ace, Medal of Honor
 Hollis Caswell, Educator

References

Further reading

External links
 Phillips County Kansas
 Phillips County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Phillips County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


Jan Holger Eriksson (born January 14, 1958) is a Swedish former ice hockey defenceman.

Eriksson played in the Swedish Elitserien for MODO Hockey, AIK and VIK Västerås HK.

He participated notably in the 1980 Olympic Winter Games in Lake Placid, New York, where Sweden won bronze in ice hockey tournament.

External links

1958 births
Living people
AIK IF players
Ice hockey players at the 1980 Winter Olympics
Modo Hockey players
Olympic bronze medalists for Sweden
Olympic ice hockey players for Sweden
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
People from Sollefteå Municipality
Swedish ice hockey defencemen
VIK Västerås HK players
Medalists at the 1980 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey people from Västernorrland County


Infini is the twelfth studio album and fifteenth release overall by the Canadian heavy metal band Voivod, released on June 23, 2009. It is their last album to include contributions by their late original guitarist Piggy, who died nearly four years earlier, and their last to feature Jason Newsted on bass.

Track listing

Personnel
Voivod
Denis Bélanger a.k.a. Snake – vocals
Denis D'Amour a.k.a. Piggy – guitar
Jason Newsted a.k.a. Jasonic – bass guitar, interludes, producer
Michel Langevin a.k.a. Away – drums, artwork

Production
Glen Robinson - producer, engineer (drums and vocals)
Enrique Gonzalez Muller - engineer (bass), mixing at Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, California
Tom Hutten - mastering

References

2009 albums
Voivod (band) albums
Relapse Records albums
Albums published posthumously
Nuclear Blast albums


Constitutional Assembly elections were held in Bulgaria on 10 June 1990, with a second round for eighteen seats on 17 June. They were the first elections held since the fall of Communism the previous winter, and the first free national elections since 1931. The elections were held to elect the 7th Grand National Assembly, tasked with adopting a new (democratic) constitution. The new electoral system was changed from 400 single-member constituencies used during the Communist era to a split system whereby half were elected in single member constituencies and half by proportional representation. The result was a victory for the Bulgarian Socialist Party, the freshly renamed Communist Party, which won 211 of the 400 seats.

The Grand National Assembly drafted the country's fourth constitution, which was promulgated on 12 July 1991. The first elections under the new document were held three months later.

Results

References

Constitutional
Bulgaria
Democratization
Elections in Bulgaria
June 1990 events in Europe


An event film or event movie is a blockbuster film whose release itself is considered a major event.

Criteria
It could be a highly anticipated sequel or a big budget film with state-of-the-art special effects or major stars generating considerable attention. Although it is subjective what is and what isn't considered an event movie, they are usually among the highest-grossing movies in their years of release and become a part of popular culture.

Examples
Steven Spielberg's Jaws from 1975 is the first film that was considered an event movie at the time of its release, but some sources also retroactively apply the term to earlier films such as The Birth of a Nation (1915), Gone with the Wind (1939), and Ben-Hur (1959). Examples more recent than Jaws include Spielberg's Jurassic Park (1993), James Cameron's Titanic (1997), Spider-Man (2002) and Avatar (2009) alongside the Star Wars (1977-present), Harry Potter (2001-2011), and Lord of the Rings (2001-2003) films. In the 2010s, other event movies include The Hunger Games (2012), Frozen (2013), Deadpool (2016), Batman v. Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) and many films from the Marvel Cinematic Universe, in particular Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019).

See also
Event television
Four-quadrant movie
List of highest-grossing films
Media franchise
National Film Registry
Tent-pole (entertainment)

References

Further reading

Film and video terminology
1970s in film
1990s in film
2000s in film
2010s in film


Alexander Hotel may refer to:

 Alexandria Hotel and Annex, Napa, California, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
 Alexander Hotel (St. Petersburg, Florida), NRHP-listed
 Alexander Hotel (Reidsville, Georgia), NRHP-listed


131. Fighter Escadrille was a unit of the Polish Air Force at the start of the Second World War. The unit was attached to the Poznań Army.

Equipment

10 PZL P.11c airplanes.

Air Crew
Commanding officer: kpt. pil. Jerzy Zaremba
Deputy Commander: por. pil. Zbigniew Moszyński

Pilots:

 ppor. Włodzimierz Gedymin
 ppor. Lech Grzybowski
 ppor. Zbigniew Rowiński (reserve)
 ppor. Aleksander Wróblewski (reserve)
 pchor. Alfons Kabat
 pchor. Florian Kortus
 pchor. Mirosław Nowak
 pchor. Jerzy Salski
 kpr. pchor. rez. Bolesław Rychlicki
 kpr. Tomasz Gabryel
 kpr. Brunon Kroczyński
 kpr. Stanisław Matuszak
 kpr. Romuald Żerkowski

See also
Polish Air Force order of battle in 1939

References

Polish Air Force escadrilles


The Hôpital Cochin () is a hospital of public assistance in the rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques Paris 14e. It houses the central burn treatment centre of the city. The Hôpital Cochin is a section of the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Cité. It commemorates Jean-Denis Cochin, curé of the parish of  Saint-Jacques-du-Haut-Pas and founder of a hospital for the workers and poor of that quarter of Paris.

Since 1990, a biomedical research centre, the Institut Cochin, has been associated with the hospital. It was reorganised in 2002 to embrace  genetic research, molecular biology and cellular biology, with a staff of about 600. It is part of both INSERM and CNRS, integrated with the Université Paris Cité.

In 2004 the Maison de Solenn, a shelter for adolescents, was opened within the hospital with the active support of Bernadette Chirac; its name commemorates Solenn Poivre d'Arvor.

History
Early in the morning of 30 May 1832, the mathematician Évariste Galois was shot in the abdomen during a duel at the age of 20 and died the following morning at ten o'clock in the Cochin hospital, probably of peritonitis, after refusing the offices of a priest. He was buried in a common grave in the Montparnasse Cemetery nearby.

George Orwell also had a stay at the hospital  for a bout of "La Grippe" in March 1929. He describes it in his story "How the Poor Die".

References

External links

 Hôpital Cochin

Year of establishment missing
Cochin, Hopital
Buildings and structures in the 14th arrondissement of Paris


Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 18 December 1994.  The Democratic Left, the core of which was the Bulgarian Socialist Party, won 125 of the 240 seats, enough to govern without the support of parties from outside the coalition. Voter turnout was 75.3%. Following the election, Socialist Party leader Zhan Videnov became Prime Minister.

Results

References

Bulgaria
Parliamentary
Parliamentary elections in Bulgaria


Risovača Cave, (, Pećina Risovača) is situated at the very entrance of the town of Aranđelovac in central Serbia around  above the Kubršnica river valley. It is one of the most important archaeological sites of the Palaeolithic in Serbia besides the Gradac Cave near Kragujevac. Its discovery confirmed the assumed existence of the Paleolithic culture south of the Sava-Danube line and provided new information on the life of prehistoric humans in Europe.

Geography

The cave was created by the warm, mineral waters, which are abundant in the region surrounding Aranđelovac. The cave contains some natural rarities, like the marble onyx, which deposited from the water on the floor of the cave. It also contains aragonite, which groups its crystals on the ceiling of the cave (branching stalactite forms called flos-ferri ("flowers of iron"), seemingly defying the gravity.

Discovery

The site has been discovered around 1938 when the quarry on the location became operational, but the size and importance were not recognized until 1950 when the old quarry was reopened. Unfortunately, at the same time the incorrigible damage was done to the site even before the scientific excavations began as the entry section of  collapsed, destroying the richest cultural layer.

Exploration

Archaeological and speleological excavations started in 1953, headed by the archaeologist  and speleologist Radenko Lazarević. Fossils of 20 different mammals were discovered in the cave, that include cave hyena, wolf, fox, wild horse, cave bear, mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, cave lion, leopard, wild boar, badger, mole rat, beaver, hare and steppe bison. The cave depth is approximately  and its caverns, or "halls" are covered with minerals of various shapes and colors. Worked flint tools and bone artifacts of prehistoric human origin were discovered in sediments in a depth of . These artifact assemblages are attributed to Neanderthal occupants during the end of the Middle Paleolithic period. Neanderthal fossil remains have so far not been found during excavations because any layers that might have held remains were already destroyed and removed during earlier stone quarrying.

Risovača man

It is estimated that Neanderthals populated the cave in the period of 35,000 to 50,000 years and is one of, so far five caves in the Balkans, where the Neanderthals lived. Gavela immediately estimated, based on the remains of the material culture, that the inhabitants were contemporaneous with the Krapina man. The inhabitants were estimated to be of short but sturdy stature, hunched a bit and capable of making tools from stones and animal bones: daggers, stone bradawls and stone-layered knife. Some of those tools, they used to fight with the animals which roamed the steppes around the cave in the finals stage of an ice age.

Protection

Risovača Cave has been declared a national archaeological site of great importance in 1983 and put under legal protection by the Republic of Serbia. The cave remains a refuge for several endangered and protected species of bats.

Tourism

The cave was open for tourists in 1987. A sculptural complex, representing a Neanderthal family around the fireplace was exhibited in the cave. With 24,000 visitors in 2016 it was the third most visited cave in Serbia.

See also

 Archaeological Sites of Great Importance (Serbia)
 Tourism in Serbia
 List of caves in Serbia

References

External links

 CAVE-DWELLING INVERTEBRATES IN SERBIA

Prehistoric sites in Serbia
Archaeological Sites of Great Importance (Serbia)
Caves of Serbia
Neanderthal sites
Paleontology in Serbia
Cave bear


Free carrier absorption occurs when a material absorbs a photon, and a carrier (electron or hole) is excited from an already-excited state to another, unoccupied state in the same band (but possibly a different subband). This intraband absorption is different from interband absorption because the excited carrier is already in an excited band, such as an electron in the conduction band or a hole in the valence band, where it is free to move. In interband absorption, the carrier starts in a fixed, nonconducting band and is excited to a conducting one.

In the simplest approximation, the Drude model, free carrier absorption is proportional to the square of the wavelength.

Quantum mechanical approach
It is well known that the optical transition of electrons and holes in the solid state is a useful clue to understand the physical properties of the material. However, the dynamics of the carriers are affected by other carriers and not only by the periodic lattice potential. Moreover, the thermal fluctuation of each electron should be taken into account. Therefore a statistical approach is needed. To predict the optical transition with appropriate precision, one chooses an approximation, called the assumption of quasi-thermal distributions, of the electrons in the conduction band and of the holes in the valence band. In this case, the diagonal components of the density matrix become negligible after introducing the thermal distribution function,

This is the Fermi–Dirac distribution for the distribution of electron energies . Thus, summing over all possible states (l and k) yields the total number of carriers N.

The optical susceptibility

Using the above distribution function, the time evolution of the density matrix can be ignored, which greatly simplifies the analysis.

The optical polarization is

With this relation and after adjusting the Fourier transformation, the optical susceptibility is

Absorption coefficient

The transition amplitude corresponds to the absorption of energy and the absorbed energy is proportional to the optical conductivity which is the imaginary part of the optical susceptibility after frequency is multiplied. Therefore, in order to obtain the absorption coefficient that is crucial quantity for investigation of electronic structure, we can use the optical susceptibility.

The energy of free carriers is proportional to the square of momentum (). Using the band gap energy  and the electron-hole distribution function, we can obtain the absorption coefficient with some mathematical calculation. The final result is

This result is important to understand the optical measurement data and the electronic properties of metals and semiconductors. It is worth noting that the absorption coefficient is negative when the material supports stimulated emission, which is the basis for the operation of lasers, particularly semiconductor laser.

References
1. H. Haug and S. W. Koch, "
", World Scientific (1994). sec.5.4 a

Quantum mechanics


Norman H. Nie was an American social scientist, university professor, inventor, and pioneering technology entrepreneur, known for being one of the developers of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1943, Nie was educated at the University of the Americas in Mexico City, Washington University in St. Louis and Stanford University, where he received a Ph.D. in political science in 1971. He died on April 2, 2015, of lung cancer.

Biography

Early years
While a graduate student at Stanford, Nie was faced with the daunting task of analyzing data from thousands of individual responses to a survey questionnaire he collected from seven nations with his advisor and mentor Sidney Verba.

Together with two young computer scientists, C. Hadlai ("Tex") Hull and Dale Bent, Nie invented a computer software package called the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). SPSS automated the process of data analysis, allowing users to manipulate data files, transform data, and generate statistics on a mainframe computer. Nie served as CEO from the company's founding in 1975 until 1992, and continued as Chairman of the Board and software design consultant until 2008. SPSS has been a publicly traded company on the NASDAQ since 1993. Originally invented to solve the problem of analyzing data for Nie's dissertation, SPSS soon became widely used among other social scientists and researchers. Along with SAS, it revolutionized empirical social science. In an essay entitled "Doing It Ourselves: The SPSS Manual as Sociology's Most Influential Recent Book", sociologist Barry Wellman wrote:

I have taken a stand here in favor of empowering tools as the most influential sociological development in recent decades. Which is more important? The findings or the tools that enabled us to make them – and many more? Which should we celebrate more? Copernicus' 16th-century hypothesis of the solar system or Galileo's 17th-century invention of the telescope that enabled scholars to understand it clearly? It is an irresolvable dialectic between knowing what to look for and knowing how to find something. But if pressed, I would vote for the toolmakers because they give us the eyes to see things.

Life after SPSS

In the early years after SPSS's invention, Nie and his colleagues shipped the software to users at cost. But as demand for the product (and its new features and accompanying documentation) expanded, Nie incorporated SPSS and became its president and CEO. During the same period, Nie became one of the most prominent scholars in the field of U.S. politics, particularly the study of American political behavior and public opinion. His intellectual home for 30 years was the University of Chicago, where he took his first academic appointment in 1968. During his tenure, he was twice chairman of the department. He became emeritus at Chicago in 1998.

In July 2009, IBM announced its agreement to purchase SPSS for $1.2 billion.

Years in Chicago

Nie's Chicago years saw the publication of four major books in political science, three of which won prizes of national recognition for scholarly excellence. His first book, written with Sidney Verba, was Participation in America (1972), which won the Gladys M. Kammerer Award, from the American Political Science Association (APSA) for the best book in U.S. national politics. Soon after, Nie wrote The Changing American Voter (1976) with Verba and John Petrocik. This major work went on to win the Woodrow Wilson Award from the APSA for the best book published in political science. Two years later, Nie co-authored a work of comparative politics with Verba and Jae-on Kim, Participation and Political Equality (1978). Nie reprised his Woodrow Wilson Award in 1996, winning the prize for Education and Democratic Citizenship in America, written with Jane Junn and Kenneth Stehlik-Barry.

Life at Stanford

In 1998, Nie moved to Stanford University, where he served as a research professor in social sciences and business. He remained active as an author and social scientist and published a book on the politics of the 2000 U.S. Census enumeration, The Hard Count (2006), with Ken Prewitt, D. Sunshine Hillygus, and Heili Pals. After that, he was working with Yorgos Panzaris on a book on technology and social change. He also wrote research articles for academic journals.

Stanford Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society

On his arrival at Stanford, Nie started the Stanford Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society (SIQSS), where he served as director. The Institute is devoted to the pursuit and sponsorship of high-quality empirical social science research about the nature of society and social change. Nie led a multidisciplinary team of graduate and undergraduate students that included political scientists, economists, sociologists, and statisticians, among others, in research that included such diverse topics as how time is spent on the Internet, how Internet access affects political polarization, Latino voter mobilization, and how educational attainment affects future life outcomes. Research from the Institute has appeared in The New York Times, the Boston Globe, Newsweek, Miller-McCune, and other mainstream publications, as well as in more academic sources such as Public Perspective, Fortschritte der politischen Kommunikations forschung, and IT & Society.

Knowledge Networks, Revolution Analytics, and other business interests

Nie continued to innovate in the technology and tools field, co-founding the survey research firm Knowledge Networks (KN) with R. Douglas Rivers in 1997; Nie continues to serve as Chairman of the Board of KN. The company remains the only survey vendor to collect survey data over the Internet using probability samples, placing computers into homes that do not have Internet connectivity.

In October 2009, Revolution Analytics (formerly REvolution Computing) appointed Nie as its new CEO. The company provides commercial software & support for the popular open source R (programming language). In May 2010, Forbes Magazine published an in-depth profile on Nie and Revolution Analytics  where he was quoted, "R is an absolutely massive advancement on the kind of analytics I invented. It's an opportunity to change the game in the fastest-growing field in software."

Nie has also served as Chairman or board member for a number of high technology firms, including CustomerSat Inc., Vicinity, Lexiquest, and Captura.

Awards

Nie was the recipient of awards for research and scholarly achievement as well as professional recognition. In 2006, he was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award  from the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) for both his technological innovations in survey research and his substantive contributions to the understanding of social and political behavior. He was honored as the KPMG Technology Entrepreneur of the Year in 1986.

In 2009, Nie was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Personal life

Norman Nie and his wife Carol resided in Los Altos, California and Sun Valley, Idaho. They are the parents of two grown daughters and have two grandchildren.

References

American social scientists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Stanford University faculty
University of Chicago faculty
1943 births
2015 deaths
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
Deaths from cancer in Idaho


In image processing and computer vision, anisotropic diffusion, also called Perona–Malik diffusion, is a technique aiming at reducing image noise without removing significant parts of the image content, typically edges, lines or other details that are important for the interpretation of the image.   Anisotropic diffusion resembles the process that creates a scale space, where an image generates a parameterized family of successively more and more blurred images based on a diffusion process.  Each of the resulting images in this family are given as a convolution between the image and a 2D isotropic Gaussian filter, where the width of the filter increases with the parameter.  This diffusion process is a linear and space-invariant transformation of the original image.  Anisotropic diffusion is a generalization of this diffusion process: it produces a family of parameterized images, but each resulting image is a combination between the original image and a filter that depends on the local content of the original image.  As a consequence, anisotropic diffusion is a non-linear and space-variant transformation of the original image.

In its original formulation, presented by Perona and Malik in 1987, the space-variant filter is in fact isotropic but depends on the image content such that it approximates an impulse function close to edges and other structures that should be preserved in the image over the different levels of the resulting scale space.  This formulation was referred to as anisotropic diffusion by Perona and Malik even though the locally adapted filter is isotropic, but it has also been referred to as inhomogeneous and nonlinear diffusion or Perona–Malik diffusion by other authors.  A more general formulation allows the locally adapted filter to be truly anisotropic close to linear structures such as edges or lines: it has an orientation given by the structure such that it is elongated along the structure and narrow across. Such methods are referred to as shape-adapted smoothing or coherence enhancing diffusion. As a consequence, the resulting images preserve linear structures while at the same time smoothing is made along these structures.  Both these cases can be described by a generalization of the usual diffusion equation where the diffusion coefficient, instead of being a constant scalar, is a function of image position and assumes a matrix (or tensor) value (see structure tensor).

Although the resulting family of images can be described as a combination between the original image and space-variant filters, the locally adapted filter and its combination with the image do not have to be realized in practice.  Anisotropic diffusion is normally implemented by means of an approximation of the generalized diffusion equation: each new image in the family is computed by applying this equation to the previous image.  Consequently, anisotropic diffusion is an iterative process where a relatively simple set of computation are used to compute each successive image in the family and this process is continued until a sufficient degree of smoothing is obtained.

Formal definition

Formally, let  denote a subset of the plane and  be a family of gray scale images.  is the input image. Then anisotropic diffusion is defined as

where  denotes the Laplacian,  denotes the gradient,  is the divergence operator and  is the diffusion coefficient.

For , the output image is available as , with larger  producing blurrier images.

 controls the rate of diffusion and is usually chosen as a function of the image gradient so as to preserve edges in the image.  Pietro Perona and Jitendra Malik pioneered the idea of anisotropic diffusion in 1990 and proposed two functions for the diffusion coefficient:

and

the constant K controls the sensitivity to edges and is usually chosen experimentally or as a function of the noise in the image.

Motivation

Let  denote the manifold of smooth images, then the diffusion equations presented above can be interpreted as the gradient descent equations for the minimization of the energy functional  defined by

where  is a real-valued function which is intimately related to the diffusion coefficient.  Then for any compactly supported infinitely differentiable test function ,

where the last line follows from multidimensional integration by parts.  Letting  denote the gradient of E with respect to the  inner product evaluated at I, this gives

Therefore, the gradient descent equations on the functional E are given by

Thus by letting  the anisotropic diffusion equations are obtained.

Regularization
The diffusion coefficient, , as proposed by Perona and Malik can lead to instabilities when . It can be proven that this condition is equivalent to the physical diffusion coefficient (which is different from the mathematical diffusion coefficient defined by Perona and Malik) becoming negative and it leads to backward diffusion that enhances contrasts of image intensity rather than smoothing them. To avoid the problem, regularization is necessary and people have shown that spatial regularizations lead to converged and constant steady-state solution.

To this end one of the modified Perona–Malik models (which is also known as regularization of P-M equation) will be discussed. In this approach, the unknown is convolved with a Gaussian inside the non-linearity to obtain a modified Perona–Malik equation

where  .

The well-posedness of the equation can be achieved by this regularization but it also introduces blurring effect, which is the main drawback of regularization. A prior knowledge of noise level is required as the choice of regularization parameter depends on it.

Applications

Anisotropic diffusion can be used to remove noise from digital images without blurring edges.  With a constant diffusion coefficient, the anisotropic diffusion equations reduce to the heat equation which is equivalent to Gaussian blurring.  This is ideal for removing noise but also indiscriminately blurs edges too.  When the diffusion coefficient is chosen as an edge avoiding function, such as in Perona–Malik, the resulting equations encourage diffusion (hence smoothing) within regions of smoother image intensity and suppress it across strong edges.  Hence the edges are preserved while removing noise from the image.

Along the same lines as noise removal, anisotropic diffusion can be used in edge detection algorithms.  By running the diffusion with an edge seeking diffusion coefficient for a certain number of iterations, the image can be evolved towards a piecewise constant image with the boundaries between the constant components being detected as edges.

See also

 Bilateral filter
 Edge detection
 Edge-preserving smoothing
 Heat equation
 Image noise
 Noise reduction
 Scale space
 Total variation denoising
 Bounded variation

References

External links
Mathematica PeronaMalikFilter function.
 IDL nonlinear anisotropic diffusion package(edge enhancing and coherence enhancing):

Image processing
Image noise reduction techniques


The Słupsk Bank, formerly known as the Stolpe Bank (after the former German name Stolp of the now Polish city of Słupsk) is a bank in the Baltic Sea off the coast of Poland at about .

According to the 1917 Baltic Pilot, the bank is "situated 16 miles northward of Stolpmünde, is about 24 miles long east and west and 10 miles broad. It has on the greater part of it general depths of 5.5 to 10 fathoms [10 to 18 m], sand; the shoalest part is the northwestern, where there are several patches with from 4.25 to 5 fathoms [8 to 9 m] water, and at the western end, where there is a depth of 5.5  fathoms [10 m]. On the southeastern edge of the bank the water deepens suddenly to 16 and 18 fathoms [29 and 33 m] and on the other edges gradually."

It lies within the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone and is best known for its gravel deposits, yielding nearly  of gravel during 1985–2003.

References

Baltic Sea
Shoals of the Baltic Sea


The Esquimalt First Nation, also known as the Esquimalt Indian Band and Esquimalt Nation, is a First Nations band government of the Esquimalt people.  Historically their village was located closer to Victoria proper, but today their main reserve is on the north shore of Esquimalt Harbour adjacent to the Town of View Royal.  They are a member nation of the First Nations of South Island Tribal Council, and were signatories to the Douglas Treaties.

References

Greater Victoria
Coast Salish governments


Frederick Handel Booth (1867 – 24 February 1947) was a British politician, who served as a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for Pontefract from 1910 to 1918.

He was born near Manchester in 1867, and attended the high school in Bolton le Moors.

In the 1900 general election he unsuccessfully stood for the King's Lynn seat. In the December 1910 general election was elected as the MP for Pontefract in the West Riding of Yorkshire by 52 votes, being less than 2% of the votes cast.

Whilst in Parliament, he led the government inquiry into the Marconi scandal of 1912.

In 1917, he was found liable and guilty of fraud in the high-profile case of Gruban v Booth, having defrauded a German-born businessman of his company  and had him interned. At the 1918 general election, his scandalous seizure of a company resulting in nearly £5000 of damages plus legal fees awarded against him, led to the party forcing him to contest the new firmly coal-mining-centric seat, several miles south, Wentworth, where he was defeated by the Labour candidate in what has proved by length of tenure that party's safest seat to the present date, if counting its main successor as a continuation.  Handel Booth's previous seat, Pontefract, remained Liberal until the 1922 general election.

Notes

References
 "BOOTH, Frederick Handel", in

External links

1867 births
1947 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1910–1918
British politicians convicted of crimes