Pennsylvania Railroad No. 1223 is a class "D16sb" 4-4-0 "American" type steam locomotive built in November 1905 for the Pennsylvania Railroad by their own Altoona Works for passenger service. After being retired from active service in 1950, the locomotive ran excursion trains on the Strasburg Rail Road outside of Strasburg, Pennsylvania from 1965 to 1989 when it was removed from service requiring firebox repairs. Currently, the locomotive is still on static display at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania outside of Strasburg. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. No. 1223 is the only surviving example of the Pennsylvania Railroad's D16sb class.

History

Revenue service

The class D16 locomotives of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) were the most modern of a long history of 4-4-0 "American" type steam locomotives that the railroad used. No. 1223 was home built by PRR at its Juniata Shops in Altoona, Pennsylvania in 1905. As built, it was a high speed passenger engine with tall driving wheels. However, the 4-4-0 type—long the mainstay of American passenger and freight service—was already becoming outmoded when No. 1223 was built, being superseded by ever-larger engines. PRR itself was pioneering steel passenger cars, which the public soon demanded for the implied increases in safety. No. 1223 was eventually rebuilt with smaller driving wheels for local freight service, having been replaced on passenger trains by engines like the class "E6" Atlantics and class "K4" Pacifics. It was modernized as well, receiving superheaters (the "s" in D-16sb), piston valves, an electric headlight and other improvements. By 1940, most railroads had forgotten about the 4-4-0, but PRR , Boston & Maine and Canadian Pacific Railway, were still using them. Nos. 1035, 1223 and 5079 were all leased to the Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic Railway working such routes as the McDaniel Branch and the Love Point to Easton line. No. 1223 was scheduled for scrapping when a PRR officer noticed it and ordered renovation to almost original condition in 1937. Of the three, No. 1223 was selected for display at a number of railroad fairs in the 1930s-1950s, and eventual preservation. No. 1223 was retired from revenue service in 1950, For years, the engine was stored at a roundhouse in Northumberland, Pennsylvania.

Excursion service

In 1960, the Strasburg Railroad (SRC), based in Strasburg, Pennsylvania, leased No. 1223 from PRR and restored it to operating condition on August 14, 1965. The engine pulled the Santa Claus Special at Lancaster, PA annually in December 1965-1968.

On December 17, 1979, PRR No. 1223 was placed on the National Register of Historic Places as "Passenger Locomotive no. 1223" by the United States Department of the Interior.

On August 1, 1983, No. 1223 was joined by PRR 7002 on Strasburg's roster and the two would operate a few mainline doubleheaders together in 1985 and 1986. The locomotive spent most of the 1980s pulling Strasburg's half hour trains but also made appearances at special events such as the 85th anniversary of the Broadway Limited in 1987, and an off-property trip to Delaware for Dupont in 1988. No. 1223 made its last run on October 26, 1989, after which, Strasburg's newly acquired ultrasound device revealed that the firebox walls of both No. 1223 and No. 7002 were not thick enough to comply with the updated Federal Railroad Administration regulations, thus deeming the engines unsafe for operation.

Disposition
As both the 1223 and 7002 had been operated by Strasburg under lease from the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania, the decision on their continued operation was to be made by the latter.  The Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania wished to preserve the engines' remaining historical fabric, thus both engines were withdrawn from excursion service on the SRC at the end of the 1989 season, with their leases allowed to lapse.  After retirement from excursion service on the SRC, 1223 and 7002 have remained on indoor static display in the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania's exhibit hall.

Appearances in media
 In 1941, the engine appeared in the film, Broadway Limited, masquerading as No. 1600.
 In 1969, the locomotive appeared in the film, Hello, Dolly, dressed as New York Central & Hudson River Railroad No. 15.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania

References

4-4-0 locomotives
Individual locomotives of the United States
1223
Railway locomotives on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Collection of the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Preserved steam locomotives of Pennsylvania


Epascestria is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Epascestria croesusalis (Hampson, 1913)
Epascestria distictalis (Hampson, 1913)
Epascestria euprepialis (Hampson, 1913)
Epascestria pictalis (Hampson, 1913)
Epascestria pustulalis (Hübner, 1823)

Former species
Epascestria microdontalis (Hampson, 1913)

References

Odontiini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner


Ephelis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Ephelis belutschistanalis (Amsel, 1961)
Ephelis brabanti (Chrétien, 1908)
Ephelis chirazalis (Amsel, 1949)
Ephelis cruentalis (Geyer in Hübner, 1832)
Ephelis flavomarginalis (Amsel, 1951)
Ephelis maesi (Mey, 2011)
Ephelis palealis (Amsel, 1949)
Ephelis pudicalis (Duponchel, 1832)
Ephelis robustalis Amsel, 1970
Ephelis sudanalis (Zerny in Rebel & Zerny, 1917)

References

Odontiini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Julius Lederer


89 Rawson Road and 86 Colbourne Crescent are two historic Shingle Style houses located in Brookline, Massachusetts.

Description and history
The -story wood-frame house that was designed by Chapman & Frazer for Thomas Shepard, and built in 1900. It is a large Shingle-style house, with a profusion of gables and recesses, and a uniform covering of wood shingles. The house occupies a large lot on Aspinwall Hill, with commanding views of the area. Thomas Shepard worked in his father's lumber business in Boston, and was responsible for developing family-owned land in northern Brookline.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 17, 1985.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts

References

Houses in Brookline, Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1900
Shingle Style houses
National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Shingle Style architecture in Massachusetts


Rodolfo Celletti (1917–2004) was an Italian musicologist, critic, voice teacher, and novelist. Considered one of the leading scholars of the operatic voice and the history of operatic performance, he published many books and articles on the subject as well as several novels.

Biography
Celletti was born in Rome on 13 June 1917. He served in the Italian army from 1937 to 1943, and after World War II, took a degree in law from the University of Rome. He became a successful business executive in Milan, and then created a second career for himself as a (self-taught) musicologist and critic.

For many years he was the music critic of the Italian weekly magazine Epoca and was a regular contributor to la Repubblica, L'opera, Nuova rivista musicale italiana, Opera, and Amadeus. In addition to his articles in specialist publications and The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, he published several books, most notably Le grandi voci (1964), at the time considered the most complete biographical and critical source available on the great operatic voices and Storia del belcanto (1983), which has since been translated into English, French, German and Czech.

From 1980 to 1993 he was the Artistic Director of the Festival della Valle d'Itria in Martina Franca. The Festival, which specializes in performing rare operas and the original versions of operas still in the standard repertoire, also provides coaching in vocal performance for young singers. Celletti taught voice both privately and in master classes, many of them at the Festival della Valle d'Itria. Amongst his former pupils are Denia Mazzola, Mariana Nicolesco, Angelo Manzotti, William Matteuzzi and Ramón Vargas. Another eminent pupil of his, Raina Kabaivanska, will not fail to show her warm appreciation for his talents as a master of bel canto.

Celletti died in October 2004 at the age of 87. In August of the following year, the Festival della Valle d'Itria performed Cherubini's Requiem in C minor in his memory.

Books

Non-fiction
Le grandi voci: Dizionario critico, biografico dei cantanti, Istituto per la collaborazione culturale, 1964
Il teatro d'opera in disco, Rizzoli, 1976.
Storia del belcanto, Discanto, 1983 (also published in English translation as A History of Bel Canto, Clarendon Press, 1991, )
Memorie d'un ascoltatore: Cronache musicali vere e immaginarie, Il Saggiatore, 1985.
Il canto, Garzanti (Edizioni Speciali Vallardi), 1989
Voce di tenore, IdeaLibri, 1989.
Storia dell'opera italiana, Garzanti, 2000.
La grana della voce: opere, direttori e cantanti, Baldini & Castoldi, 2000.

Novels
Viale Bianca Maria, Feltrinelli, 1961 (also published in English translation as Marta, George Braziller, 1962, )
Gli squadriglieri, Bompiani, 1975
Tu che le vanità, Rizzoli, 1981
L'infermiera inglese, Giunti, 1995.

Notes and references

Enciclopedia della musica, "Celletti, Rodolfo",  De Agostini Scuola SpA . Accessed 20 March 2009.
"Fabris, Dinko "Romeo e Giulietta tutto al femminile per il Valle d' Itria", la Repubblica (Bari edition), 6 August 2005, p. 12. Accessed 20 March 2009.
Festival della Valle d'Itria, Requiem in do minore di Cherubini, August 2005. Accessed 20 March 2009.
Healey, Robin, Twentieth-century Italian literature in English translation: an annotated bibliography 1929-1997, University of Toronto Press, 1998.
Il Sagittario, Storia dell'opera italiana di Rodolfo Celletti, Accessed 20 March 2009.
Sadie, Stanley (ed.), "Celletti, Rodolfo" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera Vol. 1, Grove's Dictionaries of Music, 1992.

Voice teachers
Writers from Rome
1917 births
2004 deaths
20th-century Italian novelists
20th-century Italian male writers
20th-century Italian musicologists


Ephormortis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Ephormotris cataclystalis (Hampson, 1897)
Ephormotris dilucidalis (Guérin-Méneville, 1832)

Former species
Ephormotris nyasalis (Hampson, 1917)

References

 , 1999: Catalogue of the Oriental Acentropinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 142 (1): 125-142. Full article: .

Acentropinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick


Epichilo is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Epichilo irroralis (Hampson, 1919)
Epichilo obscurefasciellus (de Joannis, 1927)
Epichilo parvellus Ragonot in de Joannis & Ragonot, 1889
Epichilo vartianae Błeszyński, 1965

References

Crambinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Émile Louis Ragonot


"The Power Is On" is a song from English band The Go! Team from their 2004 album Thunder, Lightning, Strike.

The song is ranked at number 13 on Pitchfork's list of the 50 Best Singles of 2004. "The Power is On" was included in the 2008 book The Pitchfork 500: Our Guide to the Greatest Songs from Punk to Present.

Track listing
 "The Power Is On"
 "Hold Yr Terror Close"
 "The Ice Storm"

Usage in media
"The Power Is On" was featured in a 2010 commercial for the National Football League's Play60 campaign, featuring the Atlanta Falcons. Subsequent teams to film commercials with this song include the Chicago Bears and the Carolina Panthers.

The song was also used on the soundtrack for EA Sports' 2006 FIFA World Cup Germany video game. It can also be heard in the Elliot Page film Whip It, but was not included on the film's soundtrack. The song has also been featured in promotional materials for the G4 series Jump City: Seattle and American Ninja Warrior.

References

External links
 The Go! Team Official Site

2006 singles
The Go! Team songs
2004 songs


The House at 9 Linden Street in Brookline, Massachusetts, USA, is a locally rare example of transitional Greek Revival and Italianate styling, and one of the few surviving houses from the original development of the Linden Street area in the 1840s.  The -story wood-frame house was built in 1843 for Isaac Rich, a partner in a successful merchant firm and a co-founder of Boston University.  The house's mansard roof is a later addition, probably dating to the 1860s.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts

References

Houses in Brookline, Massachusetts
Italianate architecture in Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1844
National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Norfolk County, Massachusetts

Greek Revival architecture in Massachusetts


Epicorsia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Epicorsia avilalis
Epicorsia catarinalis
Epicorsia cerata
Epicorsia chiapalis
Epicorsia chicalis Munroe, 1978
Epicorsia lucialis
Epicorsia mellinalis Hübner, 1818
Epicorsia oedipodalis (Guenée, 1854)
Epicorsia parambalis

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner


Epiecia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Epiecia externella, which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)


The 1993-94 FIBA Women's European Champions Cup was the 36th edition of the competition. It was won by the Ginnastica Comense for the first time against Popular Basquet Godella, who couldn't defend the title for a second time, in a replay of the past season's final match. Format changes were introduced for this edition.

Competition results

1st Preliminary Round

|}

2nd Preliminary Round

|}

Semi-final Round

Quarter-finals

 if necessary

Final Four

References

Champions Cup
EuroLeague Women seasons


Epimetasia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Epimetasia abbasalis Amsel, 1974
Epimetasia albalis Amsel, 1959
Epimetasia eoa (Meyrick, 1936)
Epimetasia gregori Amsel, 1970
Epimetasia monotona (Amsel, 1953)
Epimetasia rhodobaphialis (Ragonot, 1894)
Epimetasia rufoarenalis (Rothschild, 1913)
Epimetasia vestalis (Ragonot, 1894)

References

Odontiini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Émile Louis Ragonot


Cather may refer to:

 Geoffrey Cather (1890–1916), Victoria Cross recipient
Joan Cather (1882-1967), British suffragette, awarded a Hunger Strike Medal
 Mike Cather (born 1970), baseball player
 Ted Cather (1889–1945), baseball player
 Willa Cather (1873–1947), author
 William Cather Hook (1857–1921), judge

See also

 Brad Cathers
 Cather House (disambiguation)
 Willa Cather Birthplace
 Willa Cather House


Epina is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Epina alleni (Fernald, 1888)
Epina dichromella (Walker, 1866)

References

Chiloini
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)


Epipagis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Jacob Hübner in 1825.

Species
Epipagis algarrobolis (Schaus, 1940)
Epipagis citrinalis (Hampson, 1899)
Epipagis disparilis (Dyar, 1910)
Epipagis fenestralis Hübner, 1796
Epipagis flavispila (Hampson, 1913)
Epipagis forsythae Munroe, 1955
Epipagis lygialis (Snellen, 1899)
Epipagis peritalis (Walker, 1859)
Epipagis polythliptalis (Hampson, 1899)
Epipagis quadriserialis (Pagenstecher, 1907)
Epipagis roseocinctalis (Hampson, 1913)
Epipagis setinalis Hampson, 1918
Epipagis triserialis Pagenstecher, 1907
Epipagis tristalis (Kenrick, 1907)
Epipagis zinghalis (Walker, 1859)

Former species
Epipagis cancellalis (Zeller, 1852)
Epipagis ocellata (Hampson in Poulton, 1916)
Epipagis prolalis Viette & Legrand, 1958
Epipagis strigiferalis (Hampson, 1900)
Epipagis vespertinalis (Saalmüller, 1880)

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner


Epiparbattia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Epiparbattia gloriosalis Caradja, 1925
Epiparbattia oligotricha Zhang & Li in Zhang & Li, 2005

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera


Eporidia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Eporidia dariusalis, is found in Cameroon, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana and Togo.

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)


The houses at 76–96 Harvard Avenue are historic rowhouses in Brookline, Massachusetts.  Built in 1903 by Benjamin Whitney, this was one of the earliest series of rowhouses to be built in Brookline.  They are of Colonial Revival style, built in brick with limestone trim, with iron balconies.  Originally built as single-family units, each of the houses except number 76 was converted to three apartments in the 1940s and 1950s.

The rowhouses were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts

References

Colonial Revival architecture in Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1903
Houses in Brookline, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Norfolk County, Massachusetts


POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews () is a museum on the site of the former Warsaw Ghetto. The Hebrew word Polin in the museum's English name means either "Poland" or "rest here" and relates to a legend about the arrival of the first Jews to Poland.

The museum's cornerstone was laid in 2007, and the museum opened on 19 April 2013. The core exhibition opened in October 2014 and features a multimedia exhibition about the Jewish community that flourished in Poland for a thousand years up to the World War II Holocaust.

The building, a postmodern structure in glass, copper, and concrete, was designed by Finnish architects Rainer Mahlamäki and Ilmari Lahdelma.

History

The idea for creating a major new museum in Warsaw dedicated to the history of Polish Jews was initiated in 1995 by the Association of the Jewish Historical Institute of Poland. In the same year, the Warsaw City Council allocated the land for this purpose in Muranów, Warsaw's prewar Jewish quarter and site of the former Warsaw Ghetto, facing the Monument to the Warsaw Ghetto Heroes. In 2005, the Association of the Jewish Historical Institute of Poland established a private-public partnership with the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage and the City of Warsaw. The museum's first director was Jerzy Halbersztadt. In September 2006, a specially designed tent called Ohel (the Hebrew word for tent) was erected for exhibitions and events at the site of the museum's future location.

An international architectural competition to design the building was launched in 2005, supported by a grant from the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. On June 30, 2005, the winner was announced by the jury as the team of two Finnish architects, Rainer Mahlamäki and Ilmari Lahdelma. On June 30, 2009, construction of the building was officially inaugurated. The project was completed in 33 months at a cost of 150 million zlotys allocated by the ministry and the city,  with  a total cost of 320 million zloty. It is financially supported by annual funds from the Polish Ministry of Culture and Warsaw City Council.

The building opened and the museum began its educational and cultural programs on April 19, 2013, on the 70th Anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. During the 18 months that followed, more than 180,000 visitors toured the building, visited the first temporary exhibitions, and took part in cultural and educational programs and events, including film screenings, debates, workshops, performances, concerts, and lectures. The Grand Opening, with the completed Core Exhibition, took place on October 28, 2014. The Core Exhibition documents and celebrates the thousand-year history of the Jewish community in Poland that was decimated by the Holocaust.

In 2016 the museum won the European Museum of the Year Award from the European Museum Forum.

Construction

The museum faces the memorial commemorating the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943. The winner of the architectural competition was Rainer Mahlamäki, of the architectural studio 'Lahdelma & Mahlamäki Oy in Helsinki, whose design was chosen from 100 submissions to the international architectural competition. The Polish firm Kuryłowicz & Associates was responsible for construction. The building's minimalist exterior is clad with glass fins and copper mesh. Silk screened on the glass is the word Polin, in Latin and Hebrew letters.

The central feature of the building is its cavernous entrance hall. The main hall forms a high, undulating wall. The empty space is a symbol of cracks in the history of Polish Jews. Similar in shape to gorge, which could be a reference to the crossing of the Red Sea known from the Exodus. The museum is nearly 13,000 square meters of usable space. At the lowest level, in the basement of the building will be placed the main exhibition about the history of Jews from the Middle Ages to modern times. The museum building also has a multipurpose auditorium with 480 seats, temporary exhibition rooms, an education center, an information center, a playroom for children, café, shop, and a future kosher restaurant.

Since the museum presents the whole history of Jews in Poland, not only the period under German occupation, the designer wanted to avoid similarities to existing Holocaust museums (such as the Jewish Museum in Berlin and the museum at Yad Vashem) which had austere concrete structures. The architects kept the museum in the colors of sand, giving it a more approachable feeling.

The interior design was conceived and master-planned by London-based museum design consultancy, Event Communications, along with local firms.

In 2008, the design of the museum was awarded the Chicago Athenaeum International Architecture Award. In 2014, the designer Rainer Mahlamäki was awarded the Finlandia Prize for Architecture for his design of the museum. The same year, the building received the SARP Award of the Year conferred by the Association of Polish Architects.

Organizational structure
The Core Exhibition's academic team consists of Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett (Program Director) of New York University, Hanna Zaremska of the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Adam Teller of Brown University, Igor Kąkolewski of the University of Warmia and Mazury, Marcin Wodziński of the University of Wrocław, Samuel Kassow of Trinity College, Barbara Engelking and Jacek Leociak of the Polish Center for Holocaust Research at the Polish Academy of Sciences, Helena Datner of the Jewish Historical Institute, and Stanisław Krajewski of Warsaw University. Antony Polonsky of Brandeis University is the Core Exhibition's chief historian.

American Friends of POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews is a U.S. based non-profit organization supporting the foundation of the museum.

On June 17, 2009, the museum launched the Virtual Shtetl portal, which collects and provides access to essential information about Jewish life in Poland before and after the Holocaust in Poland. The portal now features more than 1,240 towns with maps, statistics, and image galleries based in large measure on material provided by local history enthusiasts and former residents of those places.

Core exhibition
The core exhibition occupies more than  of space.  It consists of eight galleries that document and celebrate the thousand-year history of the Jewish community in Poland  – once the largest Jewish community in the world – that was almost entirely destroyed during the Holocaust. The exhibition includes a multimedia narrative with interactive installations, paintings and oral histories, among other features created by more than 120 scholars and curators. One item is a replica of the roof and ceiling of a 17th-century Gwoździec synagogue.

Galleries

Forest
This gallery tells the tale of how, fleeing from persecution in Western Europe, the Jews came to Poland. Over the next thousand years, the country would become the largest European home for the Jewish community.

First Encounters (10th century–1507)
This gallery is devoted to the first Jewish settlers in Poland. Visitors meet Ibrahim ibn Jakub, a Jewish diplomat from Cordoba, author of famous notes from a trip to Europe. One of the most interesting objects presented in the gallery is the first sentence written in Yiddish in the prayer book of 1272.

Paradisus Iudaeorum (1569–1648)
This gallery presents how the Jewish community was organized and what role Jews played in the country's economy. One of the most important elements in this gallery is an interactive model of Kraków and Jewish Kazimierz, showing the rich culture of the local Jewish community. Visitors learn that religious tolerance in Poland made it a "Paradisus Iudaeorum" (Jewish paradise). This golden age of the Jewish community in Poland ended with pogroms during the Khmelnitsky Uprising. This event is commemorated by a symbolic fire gall leading to the next gallery.

The title of the gallery has been subject to some criticism and debate among scholars due to the antisemitic roots of the proverb it is taken from, a 17th-century condemnation of the "rampant prevalence of the infidels".

The Jewish Town (1648–1772)

This gallery presents the history of Polish Jews until the period of the partitions. It is shown by an example of a typical borderland town where Jews constituted a significant part of the population. The most important part of this gallery is a unique reconstruction of the roof and ceiling of Gwoździec, a wooden synagogue that was located in pre-war Poland.

Encounters with Modernity (1772–1914)
This gallery presents the time of the partitions when Jews shared the fate of Polish society divided between Austria, Prussia and Russia. The exhibition includes the role played by Jewish entrepreneurs, such as Izrael Kalmanowicz Poznański, in the industrial revolution in Polish lands. Visitors also learn about changes in traditional Jewish rituals and other areas of life, and the emergence of new social movements, religious and political.

On the Jewish Street (1914–1939)

This gallery is devoted to the period of the Second Polish Republic, which is seen – despite the challenges that the young country had to face – as a second golden age in the history of Polish Jews. A graphic timeline is presented, indicating many of the most important political events of the interwar period. The exhibition also highlights Jewish film, theater, and literature.

Holocaust (1939–1944)
This gallery shows the tragedy of the Holocaust during the German occupation of Poland, which resulted in the deaths of approximately 90 percent of the 3.3 million Polish Jews. Visitors are shown the history of the Warsaw Ghetto and introduced to Emanuel Ringelblum and the clandestine group of volunteers that went by the code name Oyneg Shabbos, who collected documents and solicited testimonies and reports chronicling life in the Ghetto during the Nazi occupation. The gallery also portrays the horrors experienced by the Poles during World War II as well as their reactions and responses to the extermination of Jews.

Postwar Years (1944–present)
The last gallery shows the period after 1945, when most of the survivors of the Holocaust emigrated for various reasons, including the post-war takeover of Poland by the Soviets, the hostility of some portion of the Polish populace, and the state-sponsored anti-Semitic campaign conducted by the communist authorities in 1968. An important date is the year 1989, marking the end of Soviet domination, followed by the revival of a small but dynamic Jewish community in Poland.

The exhibition was developed by an international team of scholars and museum professionals from Poland, the United States and Israel, in conjunction with the museum's curatorial team under the direction of Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett.

See also
History of the Jews in Poland
Gwoździec Synagogue
Galicia Jewish Museum
Yad Vashem
Jewish Museum in Berlin
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

Notes

References

External links

 Museum of the History of the Polish Jews at sztetl.org.pl
 The North American Council of the Museum at mhpjnac.org
 Read about museum at culture.pl
 "POLIN: A Light Unto the Nations", by David G. Roskies, Jewish Review of Books, 2015
 POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews at Google Cultural Institute

Jewish Polish history
Museums in Warsaw
Jewish museums in Poland
History museums in Poland
Museums established in 2013
Museum of the History of Polish Jews
Museum of the History of Polish Jews
Buildings and structures by Finnish architects
Jews and Judaism in Warsaw
21st-century religious buildings and structures in Poland


The Thaddeus Jackson House is a historic house at 15 Alberta Road in Brookline, Massachusetts. Built in 1820, it is one of Brookline's older surviving houses, unusual because it was built in the Georgian style, then already out of fashion. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 17, 1985.

Description and history
The Jackson House is set on the north side of Alberta Road, in an area now completely surrounded by residential development in southern Brookline. It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with clapboard siding and a side-gable roof. A leanto section (probably original) extends to the rear, giving the house a colonial New England saltbox profile. Other features more typical of 18th century construction that were repeated here include placement of the window tops near the eaves, and the simple center doorway surround.

The house was built in 1820, and is one of Brookline's older surviving homes. Its styling is essentially late Georgian, unusual given its construction late in the Federal period. Thaddeus Jackson, the builder, was the son of Abraham Jackson, a local blacksmith.

Thaddeus Jackson was also a successful blacksmith. He married Lydia Woodward, daughter of Caleb Woodward and Hannah Chever, on 14 October 1773 in Brookline's First Parish Church. They had nine children together, including Lydia Jackson Farwell, the founding mother of Ischua, New York. Jackson also served as a private in Capt. Thomas White's (Brookline) company of militia, Col. William Heath's regiment, in the Battles of Lexington and Concord that began the American Revolutionary War.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts

References

Houses completed in 1820
Georgian architecture in Massachusetts
Houses in Brookline, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Norfolk County, Massachusetts


Ercta is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Ercta dixialis Snellen, 1895
Ercta elutalis (Walker, 1859)
Ercta pedicialis Snellen, 1895
Ercta scotialis Hampson, 1912
Ercta trichoneura Hampson, 1912
Ercta vittata (Fabricius, 1794)

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)


The Church of St Nicholas () is a late Medieval Bulgarian church near the village of Vukovo, Kyustendil Province.

Location, history, architectural and artistic features

The church is situated at 2 km to the south of Vukovo, municipality of Boboshevo, in a deep and hardly accessed dingle. It is a small one nave and one apse church without narthex and with a shallow arc on the western facade. Its dimensions are 4,43 x 2,75 m. The vault is semi-cylindrical. It was built of stones and white plaster. The roof is covered with stone plates. The church is half-dig in the ground. The whole interior and the arc on the western facade are painted but only fragments of the frescoes have remained. The church was constructed and painted in the 16th century.

The church is an architectural monument of culture of local significance (DV, is.77/1968) and artistic monument of culture with national importance (DV, is.100/1969).

It is named after Saint Nicholas of Myra. The day of the saint is celebrated on 6 December.

Literature

 Василиев, Асен - Проучвания на изобразителните изкуства из някои селища по долината на Струма. - Известия на Института за изобразителни изкуства, VII, 1964 г., с.153;
 Дремсизова-Нелчинова, Цв. и Слокоска, Л. - Археологически паметници от Кюстендилски окръг, София, 1978 г., с.14;
 Заедно по свещените места на планината Осогово. Пътеводител, София, 2008 г., изд.РИМ - Кюстендил, печат.Дийор Принт ООД, с.110;

Gallery

External links

 Църквата "Свети Никола" - галерия № 1
 Църквата "Свети Никола" - галерия № 2
 Житие на св. Николай Мирликийски

Medieval Bulgarian Orthodox church buildings
Churches in Kyustendil Province


Kilsyth Terrace is a historic series of townhouses at 15–27 Kilsyth Road in Brookline, Massachusetts.  The Chateau-style townhouses were designed by J. Williams Beal and built in 1892.  They are -story townhouses, built of yellow brick with Roxbury stone trim.  Notable features include turrets, arched entrances and corbelled brickwork.  Their design was likely influenced by the earlier Beaconsfield Terraces development, not far away on Beacon and Tappan Streets.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts

References

Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Houses in Brookline, Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1892
Renaissance Revival architecture in Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts


{{Infobox noble
| name                 = Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili
| title                = Prince of Valmontone
| image                = Camillo Pamphili.jpg
| caption              = Bust of Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili by Alessandro Algardi (c. 1647).
| alt                  =
| CoA              =
| more                 = no
| reign                =
| reign-type           =
| predecessor          =
| successor            =
| suc-type             =
| succession           =
| spouse               = Olimpia Aldobrandini
| spouse-type          = Spouse
| issue                = Teresa, Duchess of Massa
| issue-link           =
| issue-pipe           =
| full name            =
| other_titles         = CardinalCardinal-Deacon(by marriage) Prince of Rossano
| noble family         =
| house-type           =
| father               = Pamphilio Pamphili
| mother               = Olimpia Maidalchini
| birth_date        = 21 February 1622
| birth_place       = Naples
| date of christening  =
| place of christening =
| death_date        = 26 July 1666
| death_place       = Rome
| date of burial       =
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}}

Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili (21 February 1622 – 26 July 1666) was an Italian Catholic cardinal and nobleman of the Pamphili family. His name is often spelled with the final long i orthography; Pamphilj.

Early life
Pamphili was born in Naples on 21 February, 1622. His father, Pamphilio Pamphili, had moved to Naples with his wife Olimpia Maidalchini, after his brother, Cardinal Giovanni Battista Pamphili, (future Pope Innocent X), became papal nuncio to the Kingdom of Naples. As a young man, Pamphili studied poetry, philosophy, mathematics and architecture.

When his father died, in 1639, efforts began to find Camillo a bride that would honor the family lineage. This remained the intention after his uncle's election to the papacy in 1644. After negotiations had begun for the wedding of his sister Costanza to Niccolò Ludovisi, belonging to the pro-Spanish faction, a potential bride for the young Pamphili was sought in the pro-French faction.  Olimpia Maidalchini advocated for the candidacy of Taddeo Barberini's daughter, Lucrezia, then twelve years old. The move was designed to mend the rift between the Pamphili and the Barberini which had developed after Pope Innocent's election (he had the Barberini investigated for misappropriation of funds during the First War of Castro).

Ecclesiastic career

On 15 September 1644, Giovanni Battista Pamphili was elected to the papal throne as Pope Innocent X. Shortly thereafter Camillo was appointed General of the Papal Army. This post was usually assigned to the lay-nephew of the Pope, but shortly afterwards Camillo Pamphili expressed his wish to become Cardinal-nephew. Camillo was created Cardinal Deacon in the consistory of 14 November 1644 with the titulus Santa Maria in Domnica; and Cardinal-nephew a month later. Though he was described as a happy young man, pleasant to friends and staff, contemporary records of his cardinalate suggest he lost interest in his new-found piety fairly quickly, leading a lazy life, sometimes not rising from bed until 7:00 pm.

The role of cardinal-nephew had become by the second half of the sixteenth century a significant position in the administration of the Papal States, but Innocent X distributed much of the responsibilities. Some of the duties were shared with the Secretary of State Giovanni Giacomo Panciroli. Military tasks were delegated to his two brothers-in-law, Niccolò Ludovisi and Andrea Giustiniani, husband of his older sister Maria Flaminia.  According to Theodoro Ameyden, by 1646 the pope was again thinking of his nephew, the only male heir of the Roman Pamphili, marrying and at this stage there reappeared on the horizon the possibility of a marriage alliance with the Barberini.

Resignation, marriage and later life
Camillo developed a particular interest in Olimpia Aldobrandini, a young noblewoman who had been in attendance at the Palazzo Pamphili the day after his uncle's coronation. She was the grand-niece and later sole heir of Pope Clement VIII. However, she was married to powerful nobleman Paolo Borghese, and Pamphili, according to his contemporaries, was not one to indulge in an illicit affair. When Borghese died in 1646, Pamphili made his intentions clear. The two families were already close; Aldobrandini's maternal uncle, Niccolò Ludovisi, had married Camillo's sister, Costanza.

Against his mother's wishes he resigned the cardinalate on 21 January 1647 and a few weeks later (10 February 1647) the two were married. The choice of the bride so displeased the Pope and his mother, who both favored a union with the Barberini, that neither of them took part in the wedding. His cousin, Francesco Maidalchini, was appointed Cardinal-nephew.

Aldobrandini's dowry included a collection of paintings (including masterpieces removed from the Duke of Ferrara's "Camerino d’Alabastro"''), villas in Montemagnanapoli and Frascati, the great Albodrandini estates in Romagna on the Corso in Rome, and the Palazzo Aldobrandini. These estates and property thus passed to the Pamphili family and became the nucleus for the Galleria Doria Pamphilj. So furious was Olimpia that she banished them from Rome and the Palazzo Pamphili. They did not return until her death ten years later in 1657.

Relying on his wife’s rich dowry, in 1650 Prince Pamphlili developed a vast new villa on Janiculum hill. It contained the largest park in Rome. Camillo also commissioned Gian Lorenzo Bernini to build the baroque Church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale (in 1658). The church was not completed until 1670, after Pamphili's death. He died at his Palazzo Pamphili on the via Lata, Rome, on 26 July 1666.

When the Roman branch of the Pamphlili family ended in 1760, Anna and Giovanni inherited the palazzo in Rome. Benedetto Pamphili became Grand prior in Rome of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, and in 1681 was named a cardinal.

Family
Camillo Pamphili and Olimpia Aldobrandini had five children:

Flaminia Pamphili (died 1709) married (1) Bernardino Savelli, Duke of Castelgandolfo, and had no children; married (2) Niccolo Francesco Pallavicini, Prince of Civitella, and had no children.
 Teresa Pamphili (1650–1704) married Carlo II Cybo-Malaspina, Duke of Massa, and had children.
Anna Pamphili (1652–1728) married Giannandrea Doria, Prince of Melfi in 1671, and founded the Doria-Pamphili-Landi line.
Benedetto Pamphilj, Cardinal (1653-1730)
Giambattista Pamphili, Prince of Carpinetti & of Belvedere (died 1717) married Violante Facchinetti and had a daughter Olimpia (1672–1731) who married Filippo Colonna, Prince of Paliano, son of Marie Mancini.

Portraits

 Marble bust by Alessandro Algardi (Hermitage Museum)
 Painting by Giusto Sustermans (Palazzo Pitti)
 Painting by Giovan Battista Gaulli (Palazzo Reale, Naples}

References

1622 births
1666 deaths
Camillo
17th-century Neapolitan people
17th-century Italian cardinals
Cardinal-nephews
17th-century Italian nobility


Edmund Quincy IV (; 1703-1788) was a prominent Boston merchant during much of the 18th century.

Early life and career

Edmund Quincy was one of four children born to Edmund Quincy III (1681-1737) and Dorothy Flynt Quincy of Braintree (now Quincy) and Boston. He graduated from Harvard College in 1722, and went into the commerce and shipbuilding business with his younger brother Josiah and brother-in-law Edward Jackson. In 1748, the Bethell, a merchant ship they owned, took out a letter of marque to protect itself from Spanish privateers during King George's War. Armed with fourteen guns and six fake wooden guns, the Bethell accidentally came upon a much larger and more heavily armed Spanish ship at night in the Atlantic Ocean. Unable to escape, the Bethell instead demanded that the Spanish ship surrender, and, mistaking the Bethell for a British sloop-of-war, it complied without a fight. The Spanish ship's cargo, consisting of 161 chests of silver, 2 of gold, and various valuable commodities, was brought safely back to Boston and valued at around one hundred thousand pounds sterling.

Josiah Quincy retired shortly after this windfall, while Edmund remained in business, entering into a partnership with his sons. Though well respected, he suffered financial reverses and was declared bankrupt in 1757. He later retired to his paternal estate and, in 1765, published A Treatise on Hemp Husbandry.

Quincy was also an acting magistrate of Suffolk County until the time of his death, and was referred to as "Squire" or "Justice" Quincy.

Family and personal life
Quincy married Elizabeth Wendell in 1725. Together they had nine children, including Dorothy Quincy, who married John Hancock; Esther Quincy, who married Jonathan Sewall; and Elizabeth Quincy, who was the mother of Samuel Sewall. After his first wife's death in 1769, Quincy married Anna Gerrish. Quincy was also a Freemason, and was a member of Master's Lodge along with Richard Gridley.

Edmund Quincy died July 4, 1788, at the age of 85.

See also
Quincy political family

References

People of colonial Massachusetts
Businesspeople from Boston
Quincy family
1703 births
1788 deaths
Harvard College alumni


Felice Taylor (born Florain Corella Flanagan, January 29, 1944 – June 12, 2017) was an American soul and pop singer, best known for her recordings in the late 1960s.

The Sweets

Born in Richmond, California, United States, Taylor began singing with her sisters Norma and Darlene Flanagan in a trio, The Sweets, who recorded two singles, "The Richest Girl", for the Valiant label in 1965 and "Satisfy Me Baby" on the Soul Town label.

Solo career
Taylor's first solo recording, "Think About Me" on the Groovy label, was credited to Florain Taylor. Her greatest success came after signing for Bob Keane's Mustang label, a subsidiary of Bronco Records. There she was teamed with the songwriters and record producers, Barry White and Paul Politi, who co-wrote "It May Be Winter Outside (But in My Heart It's Spring)", a minor hit reaching No. 42 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 44 on the R&B chart in early 1967, and its follow-up "I'm Under the Influence of Love". A third single, "I Feel Love Comin' On", also written and produced by White and Politi was not released in the US, but reached No. 11 in the UK Singles Chart, when leased to President Records later in 1967.

After leaving Bronco, Taylor recorded for Kent Records, and later in the UK with members of The Equals. In 1973, White's protégées Love Unlimited recorded new versions of "It May Be Winter Outside" and "Under the Influence of Love" and Barry White recorded "I Feel Love Comin' On" on the Love Unlimited Orchestra's top ten album Rhapsody in White. Taylor herself seems not to have recorded after the early 1970s.

Personal life
She was married to Johnny B Taylor and had four children.

She died in June 2017, aged 73. She was interred at the Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside, California.

Discography

Singles

References

External links
Felice Taylor discography

1944 births
2017 deaths
American rhythm and blues singers
20th-century African-American women singers
Musicians from Richmond, California
Northern soul musicians
Singers from California
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
President Records artists


Kurt May (1896–1992) was director of the United Restitution Organization, which assisted victims of Nazism, from its inception in 1948 to his retirement at age 91, in 1988.

For more than forty years he played a leading role in efforts to obtain compensation for Jews and Roma (Gypsies) who had been persecuted, maltreated and robbed of their possessions by the Nazis. He presided over a worldwide organization with branches in 19 countries and a staff of more than 1000. In the course of its existence, the URO aided over 500,000 people.

He also virtually singlehandedly convinced the postwar German government to admit that the Nazis had persecuted Roma on grounds of race and ethnicity. The decision was made in a 1956 German court ruling after a 10-year legal battle, and opened up the possibility of Roma claiming compensation for Nazi crimes.

Benjamin Ferencz, the Chief Prosecutor for the United States Army at the postwar Nuremberg war crimes trials, wrote in his book "Less than Slaves (1979) that Kurt May, with whom Ferencz had worked on behalf of Holocaust victims, had also been one of the driving forces in efforts to obtain compensation for former Jewish slave laborers who had been forced to work under horrendous and often fatal conditions at I.G. Farben and other companies which collaborated closely with the Nazi SS.

I.G. Farben was the privately-owned German chemicals conglomerate allied with the Nazis that manufactured the Zyklon B gas used to commit genocide against millions of European Jews in the Holocaust. Industrialists from the company were tried at the IG Farben trial.

Early life

Kurt May was born into a prosperous and assimilated German-Jewish family in the German town of Meiningen on August 15, 1896. He fought on behalf of Germany in the First World War, serving in the Ardennes and at the Russian front, and was decorated for his bravery. He was also an outstanding tennis player and played in various international tournaments as a young man. After the war and his successful law degree he built up a thriving legal practice in Jena. His associate was Walter Ledermann. With the rise of Hitler and the Nazi regime's anti-Jewish legislation of April 7, 1933 - the "Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service" and the "Act of Admission to Legal Profession" Kurt May was banned from his profession. May was also singled out by the Nazis for attack after he defended a prominent Social Democrat politician who was falsely accused by the Nazis of being a communist. In consequence of the Nazi persecution of Jews, Kurt May left for Palestine in 1934.

Family

In Jerusalem in 1937 he married Vera Feinberg, a fellow German-Jewish refugee who later became a judge. All their relatives in Germany were murdered in the Holocaust. They had a daughter in Jerusalem, Miriam Gross, who went on to become a distinguished literary editor in London, and who married intellectual John Gross. His grandson Tom Gross is a journalist and international affairs commentator who has also worked for Roma and other human rights issues; his granddaughter Susanna Gross is a bridge correspondent and literary editor of The Mail on Sunday.

Obituaries

May died, aged 95, in 1992. Obituaries appeared in major newspapers in Europe in 1992 but have not yet been put on line. The Daily Telegraph wrote in its obituary (June 1, 1992) "Kurt May was engaged in an historic act of redress and helped tens of thousands to rebuild their lives." The Guardian wrote in its obituary (June 3, 1992) "May was an outstanding personality. Hundreds of thousands of former Nazi victims in many different countries have good reason to be grateful to him."

In its obituary, The Independent (June 3, 1992) wrote: "There are literally hundreds of thousands of people who may have never heard the name of Kurt May but who are heavily in his debt. He conducted his work with a passion for justice, an unshakable belief in the right to demand the redress for wrongs and always maintained the greatest degree of dignity in the pursuit of this cause."

The Times of London added (June 3, 1992): "As a young man Kurt May had been strikingly handsome, and he retained his looks in old age, along with an uncomplicated sense of humour and much of the stamina that had once made him an outstanding tennis player. At the age of ninety he could still set out on an Alpine walk and leave companions half his age puffing and wheezing as they tried to keep up."

References

1896 births
1992 deaths
German Jewish military personnel of World War I
Romani advocacy
People of the Holocaust
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Mandatory Palestine


Pagination is the process of dividing information (content) into discrete pages, either electronic pages or printed pages.

Pagination may also refer to:
Bekker pagination, a system of reference and organization used in modern editions and translations of Aristotle
Kühn pagination, a system of reference and organization used in modern editions and translations of Galen
Stephanus pagination, a system of reference and organization used in modern editions and translations of Plato
Paging, a computer memory management scheme

See also
 Page (disambiguation)


Linden Park is a small municipal park at Linden Place and Linden Street in Brookline, Massachusetts, USA.  The triangular park was created in 1843 as one of several parks in the Lindens subdivision of the area by Thomas Aspinwall Davis, which was the first residential subdivision created in Brookline. In addition to generous setbacks, the deeds for the lots of this subdivision contained covenants excluding the sale to "Negroes or natives of Ireland".

The park and neighborhood were designed by Alexander Wadsworth, and the park was originally held in common by the surrounding property owners.  The park is now partially surrounded by wrought iron fencing, and has grassy areas and a playground.

The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

See also
Linden Square
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts

References

External links
 Linden Park - Town of Brookline

National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts
Parks in Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Brookline, Massachusetts


Linden Square is a small municipal park at Linden Place in Brookline, Massachusetts, United States.  Roughly rectangular in shape with one curved side, Linden Square was laid out in 1844 by Alexander Wadsworth as part of the subdivision of the area by Thomas Aspinwall Davis.  Its original pathways consisted of a horseshoe-shaped path flanking its perimeter, and a straight path that bisected the park; it now has paths that form an X, a layout adopted by the late 19th century.  The park consists of grassy areas dotted with trees, and surrounded by a wrought iron fence with openings for the paths.

The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

See also
Linden Park (Massachusetts)
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts

References

National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts
Parks in Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Brookline, Massachusetts


The Lynch-O'Gorman House is a historic house at 41 Mason Terrace in Brookline, Massachusetts.  Design of this house has been attributed to Arthur Vinal, a prominent area architect; it is an elaborately-decorated Queen Anne Victorian that was built in 1889 by Charles Sias on Beacon Street.  It was moved to its present location on Mason Terrace in 1903.  The house features the typical high-style Queen Anne profusion of shapes and texture.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts

References

Queen Anne architecture in Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1889
Houses in Brookline, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Norfolk County, Massachusetts


Kanaka Creek Regional Park is a regional park of the Greater Vancouver Regional District, located in the city of Maple Ridge, British Columbia, flanking both sides of Kanaka Creek from its confluence with the Fraser River just east of Haney and extending approximately 11 km (7 mi) up the creek to just south of the community of Webster's Corners. The Maple Ridge Fairgrounds are just east of the lower regions of the park, beyond them is the community of Albion. Derby Reach Regional Park is just across the Fraser in Langley.

A variety of plants and animals can be located in all 3 areas of the park and it is a popular spot for both Black Bear and Salmon populations. Kanaka Creek Regional Park has a rich history- the first purchase of land for the park by the City of Maple Ridge occurred in the late 1970s, and the land is the traditional unceded territory of the Katzie, Kwantlen, Matsqui, Musqueam, Semiahmoo, and Tseil-Waututh peoples. Recently, misuse of the land has negatively changed parts of the park. To fix this issue, Metro Vancouver Regional Parks implemented a 20 year management plan in 2004 with the assistance of the Katzie First Nation among other groups, and the University of Victoria (UVIC) completed a restoration project in areas of the park in 2022.

Recreation
Kanaka Creek is widely recognized for its natural beauty, as well as recreational appeal. According to a local newspaper, the Daily Hive, Kanaka is the 8th most popular park in metro Vancouver, with 610,500 visitors in 2022. The park features walking, hiking, and biking trails publicly available to anyone who wants to use them.  Along these walks there is plenty of flora and fauna to view. The park also has a lake in which visitors can fish, or canoe . The park is wheelchair accessible, and equipped with parking and public washrooms.

The 400 ha. park has three main areas. The Riverfront area adjacent to the Fraser and BC Hwy 7 has picnic tables and a boat-launch, suitable for launching canoes and kayaks for navigating the slow-moving waters of Kanaka Creek up as far as the 240th Street bridge. The Riverfront Trail winds along this stretch of the creek and has a number of three-story wooden viewing towers. Above 240th Street the stream is shallower and full of snags and not suitable for boating. Above that a popular swimming hole with slickrock slides is at Cliff Falls. There are twin falls on Kanaka Creek, one on each of its upper fork. Much of the upper area of the park is heavily forested, though hiking along the creek beds is feasible and a number of wooden walkways through the forest and along the creek have been established in the area.

Landscape
Kanaka Creek Regional Park (KCRP) is an ecological region consisting of many diverse ecosystems and wildlife. With a general landscape of Fraser River frontage, steep canyons, marshland fields, floodplains, riparian forests, and upland forests that provide habitat for native plants and wildlife. Currently, the KCRP land base includes 413 hectares with water flow from Blue Mountain to the Fraser River. KCRP is split among four main sections: the riverfront, lower reach & fish fence, mid reach & cliff falls, and the upper reach and hatchery. Surrounding these areas, the upper reach consists of working agriculture and woodlands, while the lower reach is bounded by residential neighbourhoods. This diverse landscape also offers many recreation opportunities, including places to walk, hike, bird watch, and picnic. Furthermore, KCRP's landscape is embedded with history and spiritual significance throughout over nine thousand years of use. This territory is shared among the Kwantlen, Katzie, Matsqui, Musqueam, Semiahmoo, and Tsleil-Waututh nations.

Plants and wildlife

Plants
Kanaka Creek is the home to a variety of plant species. Most of the park is considered a Coastal Douglas Fir Biogeoclimateic zone, however, the conditions change slightly along the creek path.

The regional park is home to over 7 tree species including the Douglas fir, western red cedar, and bigleaf maple. The more humid areas of the park host around 6 species of fern such as the lady fern and spiny wood fern. Common BC native shrubs are also located here like the salmonberry and blue elderberry and over 40 species of native flowers like Pacific bleeding hearts and false lilies of the valley. Toxic plants like skunk cabbage can also be spotted in the park.

Wildlife

Wildlife can be considered a main attraction for Kanaka Creek which has both an active black bear and salmon population. Black bears regularly occupy Kanaka Creek as it provides a connection to the Fraser River and mature forests which are both important to the well being of the local black bear population. The spawning salmon that pass through Kanaka Creek are also a staple food source. Salmon spend time in the area throughout the year in the creek and in the Bell-Irving Hatchery. The hatchery is located in the park and aims to educate the public about salmon conservation in the creek. Both the hatchery and waterways see Chum, Pink and Coho Salmon. Large mammals found in the park include the cougar, bobcat, coyote, red fox], and deer. Both small aquatic and on-land mammals also reside here including the river otter and striped skunk. The park has a wide variety of shrews, bats, voles, and squirrels. Amphibians and reptiles also can be located including frogs, toads, salamanders, and snakes. Birds are the most abundant species at Kanaka Creek with over 130 species that have been spotted.

Species at risk

Under the Forest and Range Practices Act, the coastal tailed frog, northern red-legged frog, and Pacific water shrew are considered 'species at risk' and are all found in the park. Both the coastal tailed frog and the northern red-legged frog can be found in shaded small, slow streams. Their habitats are regularly disturbed by forest harvesting and road construction. The Pacific water shrew can be found in forests along slow-moving streams however the species is endangered and considered extremely rare. This shrew species is affected by any disturbances in its wetland habitat. Under the Conservation Status Rank List of British Columbia, the northern red-legged frog is on the Blue List (species of special concern),  the coastal tailed frog is on the Yellow List (least risk of being lost), and the Pacific water shrew is on the Red List (risk of being lost).

History
In the late 1970s, the City of Maple Ridge started buying out private properties within the proposed borders of the park, which lead to pushback from those who had property in the watershed. Following this, an agreement was made in 1981 that would protect as much of the watershed as possible and uproot as few residents as possible, leading to the linear shape of the park that fulfilled the original goal of creating an area for recreation while protecting the natural landscape. The final land purchase and addition to the park was made in 1993.

Indigenous history
Kanaka Creek Regional Park is part of the Katzie, Kwantlen, Matsqui, Musqueam, Semiahmoo, and Tseil-Waututh peoples unceded historical territory. The populations native to Kanaka were wiped out by a plague in 1750, and much of the surviving populous was taken out by another wave of disease in the early 1800s. The land takes it current name Kanaka, after the Hawaiian and pacific islander population who lived there in the 1850s. The word Kanaka is Hawaiian slang for worker, referring to the primarily working class Hawaiian families occupying the area.

Human impact

Issues
As the landscape changed due to active logging by the Abernethy and Lougheed Lumber Company in the 1920s, the park now lacks a sizeable amount of original old growth forest, which has resulted in significant damage to the hydrological regimes and surrounding vegetation. As a result, species are facing habitat loss with a greater risk of becoming threatened, endangered, or extirpated.

The creek itself is also undergoing increasing water quality problems resulting from rapidly growing urbanization, eutrophication, agricultural and industrial activities, and other human impacts. In addition, organic contamination is considered to be one of the main driving factors in the degradation of water quality in Kanaka Creek. Due to approximately 900 septic tanks in the watershed as well as contributing factors of herbicide and pesticide washing into the creek, massive loss of fish habitat is impacting ecosystems.

Furthermore, other issues arise due to clay deposits near the surface preventing the absorption of surface runoff during the stormy seasons. This is triggering flooding in the lower reaches, which is causing erosion and siltation and flushing out fish stocks. Due to these issues, the creek was designated as a sensitive habitat under the BC Provincial Fish Protection Act, which protects Pacific salmon species such as chum, coho, and pink salmon.

Groups involved
A number of groups have interest in this park. Kanaka Creek Regional Park is operated by Metro Vancouver Regional Parks, and hosts the  Kanaka Education and Environmental Partnership Society (KEEPS), which operates the Bell-Irving Hatchery and the Kanaka Creek Watershed Stewardship Centre. KEEPS holds events in the park like Return of the Salmon day and educational open houses for free. They also host paid educational programs in the park and can visit classrooms as well. The Katzie First Nation was also involved in the creation of the current management plan.

Management plan
Alongside the Katzie First Nation, KEEPS, the Alouette Field Naturalists], and the City of Maple Ridge, Metro Vancouver Regional Parks (as the operator of the park) created a plan for the park in 2004. It was set to remain the management plan for 20 years. The plan considers human intrusion through unauthorized trails and dumping, visitors in the park, the status of species in the park, areas of the park susceptible to damage, resources in the park, and the location of the park in consideration to other greenways in the area. Goals of this management strategy include protecting all ecosystems in the park from downgrading, and maintaining the recreational areas of the park by promoting activities that do not harm the area. Another goal is the improvement of stormwater management, to improve the issue of rainwater runoff, locals and government representatives implemented an Integrated Stormwater Management Plan (ISMP) in hopes of improving drainage and reducing flooding. The plan also seeks to maintain good communication with all groups involved in the area, provide educational opportunities and information about the park, as well as to maintain the safety of the park. More goals include enhancing native plant community recovery and development by planting at least ten different native species by November 2021, providing additional cover of salmonberry and snowberry to support ecosystems, and planting low-level species to allow sunlight into the site.

Restoration efforts
Kanaka Creek Regional Park underwent a successful restoration project done by the University of Victoria in 2022 which included planting a number of native plants to close off an area with unauthorized human activity. The unauthorized activity includes unsanctioned trails being created and the construction of unauthorized bike jumps off trail along with other misuse of the park, which lead to a loss of plant life. As part of the project, new fences have been implemented in these areas to discourage the misuse. After the project was completed, the team recommended that there be more work done to educate the public on proper trail usage to maintain the health of the park.

See also
Kanaka Creek, British Columbia (community adjacent to lower reaches)
List of protected areas in British Columbia

References

Kanaka Creek Regional Park, Blue Mountain Forest page

Information and pictures, District of Maple Ridge website

External links

Photo Gallery, www.greatervancouverparks.com

Maple Ridge, British Columbia
Parks in Greater Vancouver
Waterfalls of British Columbia


Rabotnichesko delo (, "Worker's Deed") was a Bulgarian daily newspaper that was the media organ of the Bulgarian Communist Party's Central Committee and was one of the People's Republic of Bulgaria's highest-circulation newspapers. The newspaper was established in 1927 and was issued from Sofia. The first newspaper was released on 5 March 1927. The paper was renamed to Duma, (Bulgarian: Дума), "Word", in 1990. Duma, despite some financial troubles, is still issued today.

Rabotnichesko delo was initially the weekly of the Bulgarian Workers' Party. Although it was banned following the Bulgarian coup d'état of 1934, it was nevertheless published illegally until 1944. In 1938, it merged with Rabotnicheski vestnik ("Worsker's Newspaper"), the Bulgarian Communist Party's newspaper, founded in 1897. Rabotnichesko delo criticized the bourgeois government, propagated the ideas of communism and was against the country's participation in World War as part of the Axis Powers, advocating closer ties with the Soviet Union instead.

After the Bulgarian coup d'état of 1944, the newspaper was elevated to become the ruling party's main mouthpiece and propaganda tool. It was closed following the fall of the People's Republic of Bulgaria and the dissolution of the Bulgarian Communist Party in 1990.

Editors in-chief

 Krum Kyulyavkov (September 17–October 18, 1944)
 Dimitar Ganev (1944–1945)
 Vladimir Poptomov (1945–1949)
 Atanas Stoykov (1950–1953)
 Dimitar Deliiski (1953–1954)
 Encho Staykov (1954–1956)
 Georgi Bokov (1958–1976)
 Petar Dyulgerov (1976–1977)
 Yordan Yotov (1977–1987)
 Radoslav Radev (1987–1990)

References

1927 establishments in Bulgaria
1990 disestablishments in Bulgaria
Bulgarian-language newspapers
Communist newspapers
Defunct newspapers published in Bulgaria
Eastern Bloc mass media
Mass media in Sofia
Daily newspapers published in Bulgaria
Newspapers established in 1927
Publications disestablished in 1990
Bulgarian Communist Party


is a lighthouse located on Mikomotojima, a small (0.1 km2) uninhabited islet located  south of Shimoda port, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.The site was designated a National Historic Site in 1937.

History
The Mikomotojima Lighthouse was one of eight lighthouses to be built in Meiji period Japan under the provisions of the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce of 1858, signed by the Bakumatsu period Tokugawa Shogunate. The lighthouse was designed and constructed by British engineer Richard Henry Brunton, and is noteworthy in that it is the first concrete structure to have been built in Japan. Brunton went on to construct another 25 lighthouses from far northern Hokkaidō to southern Kyūshū during his career in Japan.

This lighthouse was one of the first that Brunton designed and was also one of the most difficult to design. The island is situated in a turbulent part of the sea, and the sides of the island are very steep. Brunton wrote in an 1871 essay  that:

The lighthouse is of stone, 58 feet high to the sole-plate of the lantern. It is in the shape of a truncated cone and is surmounted by a capital having twenty-four Gothic arched recesses round it. The diameter at the base is 22 feet and at the top 16 feet. The thickness of the walls at the base is 6 feet and at the top 3 feet. It is fitted with a spiral staircase of keyaki. The light shows all-round the horizon, and a red ray of 55" is inserted, which covers all dangers between it and the shore. The work of cutting away the rock to prepare for the foundations of the tower was commenced in April 1869, and the lighthouse was first illuminated on 1 January 1871.

The lighthouse is white with two black horizontal lines. The stone structure sands on a rocky islet with an elevation of 39 meters. The tower is accompanied by structures for the lighthouse keeper, and two warehouses, and Tere are stone walls to serve as windbreaks and for protection against waves. The stone blocks were cut from the Ebisuzaki quarry in Shimoda and are connected by iron bars, with lead poured into the gaps to secure the reinforcing bars. The lighthouse was first lit on January 1, 1871 in a ceremony attended by British consul-general Sir Harry Smith Parkes, and Japanese officials Prince Sanjō Sanetomi, Ōkubo Toshimichi and Ōkuma Shigenobu.

The Mikomotojima Lighthouse is currently the oldest lighthouse still in use in Japan, and is the only one of the eight designated by the 1858 treaty to survive. It is registered with the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities as one of the “One Hundred Most Important Lighthouses in the World” and by the Japanese government as a National Historic Monument. It can be reached in about 35 minutes by boat from Shimoda Port.

Important Bird Area
The island has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a seabird colony of Japanese murrelets.

See also

 List of lighthouses in Japan
List of Historic Sites of Japan (Shizuoka)

References
Brunton, Richard. Building Japan, 1868–1879. Japan Library, 1991.
Pedlar, Neil. The Imported Pioneers: Westerners who Helped Build Modern Japan. Routledge, 1990.
Brunton, Richard H. "THE JAPAN LIGHTS (INCLUDING APPENDIX AND PLATES AT BACK OF VOLUME)." Minutes of the Proceedings [of the Institution of Civil Engineers] 47.1877 (1876): 11. ICE Virtual Library. Web. 8 May 2011. <http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/content/article/10.1680/imotp.1877.22547>.

Notes

External links

 Lighthouses in Japan

Lighthouses completed in 1871
1871 establishments in Japan
Buildings and structures in Shizuoka Prefecture
Lighthouses in Japan
Historic Sites of Japan
Shimoda, Shizuoka
Buildings of the Meiji period
Important Bird Areas of Japan
Seabird colonies


The Rev. John Orrock House is a historic house at 64 Winchester Street in Brookline, Massachusetts.  It is a two-story wood-frame structure, with tall mansard roof and clapboard siding.  The front facade is two bays wide, with a polygonal bay to the left and entrance to the right.  The bay extends into the roof line, where there are three round-arch windows.  The main door has two leaves, each with round-arch windows, and is sheltered by an ornate porch supported by square posts.  The roof line has paired brackets in the cornice.  The house was built in 1871 for Rev. John Orrock, editor of the Advent Herald, a religious newspaper.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts

References

Houses in Brookline, Massachusetts
Second Empire architecture in Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1871
National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Buildings with mansard roofs


The Paine Estate is a historic estate at 325 Heath Street in Brookline, Massachusetts.  The mansion on the expansive estate was built by Walter Channing Cabot for his daughter Ruth and son-in-law Robert T Paine, a nephew of Robert Treat Paine Jr.  It is a Jacobethan style Medieval Revival structure built of brick, with Flemish end gables, limestone sills and lintels, and egg-and-dart panels.  It is one of the last estates, of what was once a whole series, which lined Heath Streat.  The only other to remain (albeit no longer in private hands) is Roughwood, now the campus of Pine Manor College.

The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts

References

Houses completed in 1893
Houses in Brookline, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Norfolk County, Massachusetts


The Mount Riga station was a former New York Central Railroad station in North East, New York. The station also served nearby Ancram, New York.

History
The New York and Harlem Railroad built their main line through Ancram between 1848 and 1852.

The station was located at milepost 95.81, receiving service from not only the New York Central Railroad, but also the Central New England Railway. The station was an island platform with each railroad company serving respectively on each side. Just 1 miles west of the Mount Riga station was a point referred to as "The Summit" by railroad staff. At milepost 97.58 it had an elevation of 775.90 feat above sea level, making it the highest point along the Harlem Division.

By 1938, the former Central New England tracks had been abandoned and removed by successor New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. Passenger service continued as before on the NYC Harlem Division until successor Penn Central abruptly ended all passenger service north of Dover Plains on March 20, 1972, the station was closed for passengers. Freight service continued until 1976, and the rails were removed in 1981.

References

Former New York Central Railroad stations
Former Central New England Railway stations
Railway stations in Dutchess County, New York

Railway stations closed in 1972
Former railway stations in New York (state)
Transportation in Dutchess County, New York


The Perkins Estate is a historic estate at 450 Warren Street in Brookline, Massachusetts.  The property was part of the summer estate of the Cabot family, originally belonging to Thomas Handasyd Perkins; the present main mansion house was built in the 1850s to a plan by Edward Clarke Cabot for his sister-in-law, Elizabeth Perkins Cabot.  The grounds of the property were originally designed by Perkins, and subsequent generations maintained the grounds to a high degree.  In the 1980s it was owned by Mitch Kapor, founder of Lotus Software.

The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts

References

Gothic Revival architecture in Massachusetts
Houses in Brookline, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Norfolk County, Massachusetts


The Pill Hill Historic District is a historic district roughly bounded by Boylston Street, Pond Ave., and Acron, Oakland and Highland Roads in Brookline, Massachusetts.

History

The district, which is mainly residential, was developed in the mid-19th century for an upper-middle class professional population. Commuter railroads connecting Brookline to Boston opened in 1848, making the town attractive for working professionals who wished to live in a more open suburban area. Several major Boston architects designed homes in the district, including Robert Swain Peabody, Walter H. Kilham, Ware & Van Brunt, and William Ralph Emerson. By the 1880s, a significant number of doctors had settled in the district, giving it its current name. Dr. Walter Channing, one of the doctors living in the district, established one of Boston's earliest women's hospitals; his efforts inspired Brookline's Free Hospital for Women, which moved to Pill Hill in 1895.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts

References

Brookline, Massachusetts
Historic districts in Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Queen Anne architecture in Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts


Reservoir Park is a historic park on Boylston Street in Brookline, Massachusetts.  Its principal feature is Brookline Reservoir, formerly an element of the public water supply for neighboring Boston.  The reservoir was built in 1848 as the main terminus of the now-defunct Cochituate Aqueduct, which delivered water from Lake Cochituate in the western suburbs.  The reservoir covers , and is roughly kidney-shaped.  A gravel path extends around the perimeter of the reservoir.  The park is bounded on the north by Boylston Street (Massachusetts Route 9), on the west by Lee Street, on the south by Dudley Street, and on the east by Warren and Walnut Streets.

There are two structures in the park.  At the western end of the reservoir stands the Influent Gatehouse, the endpoint of the Cochituate Aqueduct.  This is a modest utilitarian structure built out of dressed granite, about  by  and 11 feet in height.  Its interior houses equipment for managing the flow of water from the aqueduct into the reservoir.  The Principal Gatehouse, in contrast, is a more elaborate structure.  It is located at the northeastern end of the reservoir, and is a two-story building partially buried in the embankment.  It is built, like the Influent Gatehouse, of dressed granite, but was designed to be a public space.  Its main facade has Renaissance Revival elements within a Greek-style temple front.  The corners of the building have quoins in a paler shade of stone, and there is a course of that same stone in between the two floors.  It has a gabled roof with a fully pedimented gable end, decorated with dentil stonework.  The facade is three bays wide, with a centered entry on the lower level.  The entry is recessed behind an arch that is flanked by round columns supporting an entablature.  The entry is flanked by small elongated round-arch windows.  The upper level consists of three larger equal-sized round-arch windows.  The upper level of the building also has a facade facing the water; this also has three round-arch windows.

Because the Principal Gatehouse was intended as a public space, its interior was also finished, unlike that of the Influent Gatehouse.  The walls were plastered, and there were stairs, constructed of wrought iron, which were used to reach a platform giving a view of the water.  These staircases are believed to the oldest surviving example of wrought iron stairs intended for public use in the United States.  (They are predated by surviving stairs in lighthouses and a prison, and by public stairs in other countries.)  The building's roof is also believed to be the only surviving period roof supported by wrought iron trusses.

The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.  The architectural significance of the gatehouse and its status as the best-preserved element of the Cochituate Aqueduct were recognized in its designation as a National Historic Landmark in 2015.

See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts

References

External links

 Brookline Reservoir Park - Town of Brookline Parks & Open Spaces Division

National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts
Parks in Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Brookline, Massachusetts
Tourist attractions in Brookline, Massachusetts
National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts


Michelle McKeehan (born November 9, 1989) is an American competition swimmer.  She is a three-time medalist at the Pan American Games.

McKeehan was born in Beech Grove, Indiana in 1989, the daughter of Stu McKeehan and Amy Chase.  She is a 2008 graduate of Center Grove High School in Greenwood, Indiana. She swam collegiately for the University of Georgia, where she majored in public relations and speech communications. At the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, where she won gold medals in the 100-meter breaststroke and 4x100-meter medley relay. Four years later at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, McKeehan won a bronze medal in the 200-meter breaststroke.

References

External links

 Michelle McKeehan – University of Georgia athlete bio

1989 births
Living people
American female swimmers
American female breaststroke swimmers
People from Beech Grove, Indiana
Swimmers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 2011 Pan American Games
Georgia Bulldogs women's swimmers
People from Greenwood, Indiana
Sportspeople from the Indianapolis metropolitan area
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2011 Pan American Games


The Ritchie Building is a historic industrial building at 112 Cypress Street in Brookline, Massachusetts.  Built in 1883 by Edward Samuel Ritchie, it is a fine example of the Panel Brick style, and is further notable as the factory space in which Ritchie manufactured a nationally distributed line of navigational instruments.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Description and history
The Ritchie Building is located on the east side of Cypress Street, north of Massachusetts Route 9 and south of the MBTA Green Line D branch, just east of the Brookline Hills station.  It is a four-story rectangular brick structure, with a hip roof.  The first floor is below the street level, which was raised in order to bridge the railroad tracks, and the main entrance is now on the second level.  The second level is finished in stone, resembling a raised basement level, while the upper floors retain their original modest Panel Brick features, including segmented-arch window openings and a corbelled cornice.

Edward Samuel Ritchie founded his navigational instruments company in the 1850s, and had, by the 1880s, established a main office in Boston and a manufacturing facility near Harvard Square in Cambridge.  He built the present facility in 1883, not far from his home on Lincoln Street, when he was unable to expand the Cambridge space.  It was one of the first industrial buildings to be built in Brookline.  The business, whose customers notably included the United States Navy, was operated by Ritchie and his successors at this site until the 1950s.  The building has since been rehabilitated for use as office space.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts

References

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Brookline, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures completed in 1883


Peter Ochs (20 August 1752, Nantes, France – 19 June 1821, Basel, Switzerland) was a Swiss politician who is best known for drawing up the first constitution of the short-lived Helvetic Republic.

Biography
Born in France of a family that claimed roots in the Basel aristocracy, Ochs himself settled in Basel in 1769. In 1776 he obtained a doctorate of laws, became a magistrate and took up politics, making many useful contacts through his marriage.

At the time Switzerland was a confederacy of self-governing cantons held together by a loose military alliance. There was little in terms of actual union and no central government. Like most of Europe, Switzerland was deemed feudal in nature since the wealthiest members of society benefited from privileges that others were denied. There was much resentment over this which led to many conspiracies and uprisings, such as that led by Major Abraham Davel who protested at what he saw as the oppressive treatment that Berne meted out to his native Vaud which was then under Berne's control.

Upon the outbreak of the French Revolution of 1789, Ochs joined the partisans of revolutionary reform. With Frédéric-César de La Harpe, he called for the French to send troops into Switzerland, overthrow the "decayed Confederation" and establish a unified nation.

In 1798 the French did just that. Troops moved into Switzerland and, with little resistance, soon took over the whole country. Ochs himself drew up a new constitution, abolishing the Confederacy and establishing a new central government, inspired by the French model. The new regime included a two-chamber legislature in which Ochs served as first president of the Helvetic Senate and, later, as president of the state executive, the Directory.

He later fell out with de La Harpe and was forced out of government on 25 June 1799. The Helvetic Republic was abolished by the Act of Mediation in 1803 and Switzerland became a confederacy once again. In Basel Ochs achieved local prominence for his part in devising new governmental and penal codes and reorganizing the city university.

Peter-Ochs-Strasse in Basel is named for him.

References

Further reading
See also    Niklaus von Brunn, Leichenrede bey der Beerdigung des Herrn Peter Ochs, 1821.

External links

1752 births
1821 deaths
Swiss politicians
18th-century Swiss people
19th-century Swiss people
18th-century Swiss politicians
19th-century Swiss politicians


Seton Daunt is an English guitar player and songwriter, best known as lead guitarist for the British rock band Fiction Plane.

Guitarist
At 19 years old, Daunt met Dan Brown, who introduced him to Santa's Boyfriend. The band was playing the club circuit in London, and he was invited to join them for a few songs. He joined the band several years later.

In 1998, Daunt was a member of the London-based indie band Bok, which featured Matt Crutchlow (guitar, vocals), Andrew Holdsworth (bass, keyboards), and Richard Young (drums). The band released an EP called "Alarm in the Beehive", which received praise from BBC Radio jockey Steve Lamacq, as well as some positive reviews. Kerrang! gave the album three out of five stars, saying, "'Alarm in the Beehive' boasts the muscular exuberance of Ash with shed-loads of unconventional artistry, head-spinning high velocity twists and turns, and a gnashingly delivered lyric of utter lunacy. In short, this is a mind-warp of soul-stinging genius and definitely worth a look."

In 1999, he became a member of Fiction Plane who went on to record four studio albums, touring extensively with a wide range of acts including Snoop Dogg, The Police and The Bravery.

Daunt has also played guitar for Nelly Furtado, Kylie Minogue Wilkinson, Sub Focus, Amy Macdonald, 5 Seconds of summer, Yungblud, Everyone you know, Black Honey, Ed Harcourt, Sophie Ellis Bextor, The Feeling, Gabrielle Aplin, Barns Courtney, Leona Lewis, Natalie Imbruglia, James Morrison, Goo Goo Dolls, Jack Savoretti, Newton Faulkner, Delta Heavy, Robin Thicke and One Direction amongst others.

Songwriting
Daunt has co-written with the likes of Barns Courtney, Kylie Minogue, Dean Lewis, Gabrielle Aplin, 5 Seconds of Summer, James Bourne, Yungblud, Black Honey, Everyone You Know and Wilkinson.

Santa's Boyfriend and Fiction Plane
In the spring of 2000, Daunt was asked to join Santa's Boyfriend. Between playing club shows and demoing original material, the band self-produced one album, "Swings and Roundabouts". In 2001, the band played its first US tour with The Funky Meters from New Orleans. At the close of the tour, Santa's Boyfriend performed at the Mercury Lounge in New York, where they began to receive major label interest.

A few months later, the band, under new moniker Fiction Plane, was signed to MCA/Universal. In the summer of 2002, Fiction Plane recorded its debut album, Everything Will Never Be OK with producer David Kahne and engineer Joe Barresi in Los Angeles. Fiction Plane spent 2003 and 2004 touring and promoting the album in the US and Japan until MCA folded into Geffen Records.

During the band's downtime, Daunt began to engage in session work (see Discography below).

In 2005, Fiction Plane recorded and released the Bitter Forces and Lame Race Horses EP for the Geffen imprint, Everybody's Records. The EP was produced by Paul Corkett, with whom the band continues to record to this day. The band promoted the release with a short UK tour as well as opening for Sting in America and Europe as part of his Broken Music tour. Rob Mccarthy

In 2007, Fiction Plane recorded and released Left Side of the Brain for indie label Bieler Bros. Records. The band proceeded to tour the world as the opener for The Police's anniversary reunion tour. They followed that up with tours with The Feeling, The Bravery, and the 2008 Summer Unity Tour with 311 and Snoop Dogg.

In 2009, Fiction Plane released the live album, Paradiso, and plans to record a brand new studio album later in the year.

Solo work
Outside of Fiction Plane, Daunt works with The Daunting, a Desert Folk band, in which he collaborates with his wife, Halima. The band plays in and around London from time to time and plans to release an album. The Daunting's acoustic-based sound has been compared to Mazzy Star and Isobel Campbell.

Daunt has also produced a few tracks for his brother Will's band, The Molotovs. Songs produced included "City's Guest" and "In Conversation".

On 16 January 2009, Daunt performed with Icelandic singer Emiliana Torrini on the French television program Taratata, playing guitar on her single "Jungle Drum".

Daunt recorded guitars for the track "Hearts Collide" for UK artist Little Boots' debut album Hands, which was released in June 2009.

Equipment
Daunt uses the following equipment live and in the studio:
Guitars:
 Fender Nocaster Custom shop, Black with 59" neck pick-up & Fralin Bridge Pickup (used for touring 2007 – 2008)
 Fender Telecaster Custom Shop, Blonde (used on Left Side of the Brain)
 Fender Telecaster Custom Shop Rosewood
 Gibson Les Paul Standard, Black, (used on Everything Will Never Be OK and Bitter Forces and Lame Race Horses)
 First Act Modified Delia, Black, (used with The Daunting)
 Gibson Hummingbird Acoustic guitar

Amplification:
 Vox AC30, Top Boost
 65 Amps, London

Effects:
 Pete Cornish Boost / Loop / Mute
 Pete Cornish G2
 Pete Cornish SS3
 DigiTech Whammy
 Lovepedal Eternity Overdrive
 Ibanez Tube Screamer by Analog Man
 Menatone Red Snapper
 Dunlop Wah Wah
 Eventide Timefactor Delay
 Eventide H9
Other:
 GHS Strings
 Pete Cornish Cables
 Evidence Audio Cables
 Apogee electronics

Equipment used in recording 2010 album Sparks:
Fender Custom Shop Jaguar Baritone
Way Huge Swollen Pickle
MXR script Dyna Comp
MXR tremolo
Echoplex EP-3
Pete Cornish P – 2
Pete Cornish LP – 1

Selected discography
 Alarm in the Beehive (1999) by Bok
 Swings & Roundabouts (2001) by Santa's Boyfriend
 Everything Will Never Be OK (2003) by Fiction Plane
 Holes motion picture soundtrack (2003) ~ contributed the song "If Only" by Fiction Plane
 Bitter Forces and Lame Race Horses (2005) by Fiction Plane
 Left Side of the Brain (2007) by Fiction Plane
 Paradiso (2009) by Fiction Plane

As session guitarist
 Everything's Eventual (2003) by Appleton
 Guilty (2003) by Blue
 Introduction (2004) by Alex Parks
 Some Day Soon (2004) by Kristian Leontiou
 Counting Down the Days (2005) by Natalie Imbruglia
 Honesty (2005) by Alex Parks
 Lee Ryan (2005) by Lee Ryan
 All Good Things single (2006) by Nelly Furtado
 Taller in More Ways (2006) by Sugababes
 In God's Hands single (2007) by Nelly Furtado
 This Is the Life (2007) by Amy MacDonald
 Lost Without U single (2007) by Robin Thicke
 Down on My Knees single (2007) by Ayọ
 X (2007) by Kylie Minogue
 Songs for You, Truths for Me (2008) by James Morrison
 Hands (2009) by Little Boots
 Golden (2018) by Kylie Minogue

References

External links
 Solar Management Solar Management manage Seton Daunt
 Official Website Seton Daunt's own website, which he personally updates
 Fiction Plane: Fiction Plane's official MySpace page
 [ AllMusic.com]: Seton Daunt at AllMusic.com

Living people
English rock guitarists
English session musicians
Musicians from Hastings
Year of birth missing (living people)


Roughwood is a historic estate at 400 Heath Street in Brookline, Massachusetts.  It is currently the main campus of Pine Manor College.  The main estate house and outbuildings were designed by Andrews, Jaques and Rantoul, and built in 1891 as the summer estate of William Cox, a wholesale dealer in the footwear industry.  The estate house is one of the largest Shingle-style houses in Brookline.  The property was reduced in size by sales of land to the adjacent country club, and for the establishment of Dane Park; the estate was acquired by Pine Manor College in 1961, which has retained the estate's rural flavor.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts

References

Houses in Brookline, Massachusetts
Shingle Style houses
National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1891
1891 establishments in Massachusetts
Shingle Style architecture in Massachusetts


Sainte-Sophie is a municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec, Canada, part of the La Rivière-du-Nord Regional County Municipality.

History
The new Municipality of Sainte-Sophie was created on May 2, 2000, when the old Municipality of Sainte-Sophie was merged with the Village Municipality of New Glasgow.

Demographics
Population trend:
 Population in 2021: 18,080 (2016 to 2021 population change: 15.2%)
 Population in 2016: 15,690 (2011 to 2016 population change: 17.3%)
 Population in 2011: 13,375 (2006 to 2011 population change: 29.2%)
 Population in 2006: 10,355 (2001 to 2006 population change: 15.5%)
 Population in 2001: 8966
 Population in 1996: 8691
 Sainte-Sophie: 8534
 New Glasgow: 157
 Population in 1991:
 Sainte-Sophie: 7377
 New Glasgow: 167

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 7,211 (total dwellings: 7,490)

Education
The Commission scolaire de la Rivière-du-Nord operates French-language public schools.
 École primaire du Joli-Bois
 École primaire Jean-Moreau
 École primaire Sainte-Sophie
 The primary school Sacré-Coeur in Saint-Jérôme serves a section
 École secondaire Cap-Jeunesse and École secondaire des Hauts-Sommets in Saint-Jérôme

Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board operates English-language public schools. Schools serving the town:
 Laurentia Elementary School in Saint-Jérôme
 Laurentian Regional High School in Lachute

References

External links

Incorporated places in Laurentides
Municipalities in Quebec
Canada geography articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint Mary of the Assumption Church, Rectory, School and Convent is a historic church complex at 67 Harvard Street, and 3 and 5 Linden Place, in Brookline, Massachusetts in the Archdiocese of Boston.  It was the first Roman Catholic Church in Brookline, and the first in the nation to bear the name.  Most of its buildings were built between 1880 and 1906, and are reflective of the growth of the area's Irish immigrant community during that time.  The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Architecture and history
The parish, established in 1852, was the first in Brookline. The Saint Mary of the Assumption complex occupies a parcel of land on the northern fringe of Brookline Village, bounded by Harvard Street, Linden Place, Hurd Road, and Homer Street.  The church stands at the northeast corner of Harvard and Linden, with the other buildings arrayed to its north and east.

The buildings of the complex, except for the convent, were built between 1880 and 1906 and were designed by Peabody and Stearns. The convent is a c. 1843 Greek Revival house moved from the Linden Place area in 1899, and then enlarged and finished in brick.

The church is a red brick Gothic Revival structure with brownstone trim, featuring a tower that is  in height.  It has a basically cruciform plan, with a rounded apse and the tower set at the southwest corner of the crossing point.  The main entrance is at its southern end, and has two arched doorways and a niche above for a statue of the Virgin Mary.  The interior walls are lined with Kilkenny marble and onyx, and the altar of Caen stone with marble trim.

The rectory is a -story Panel Brick structure with a steeply pitched slate roof.

The school is an H-shaped -story structure, built like the church in a Gothic Revival style.  Its entrance is in the center portion of the H, under a Tudor arch. The school formerly included a high school.

See also
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Norfolk County, Massachusetts

References

External links
St. Mary of the Assumption web site

Churches in Brookline, Massachusetts
Mary
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Gothic Revival church buildings in Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Brookline, Massachusetts
Peabody and Stearns buildings


Andre Agassi was the defending champion, and won in the final 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, against Yevgeny Kafelnikov.

Players

Draw

Main draw

Play-offs

External links
Official Colonial Classic website
2001 Colonial Classic results

Kooyong Classic
Col


Zhongshanba Station, formerly Zhongshan Balu Station during planning, is a station on Line 5 of the Guangzhou Metro. It is located under the junction of Zhongshan 8th Road () and Huangsha Avenue () in the commercial area of the Liwan District, near Liwan Lake () and Guangzhou-Foshan Coach Terminal (). It opened on 28December 2009.

References

Railway stations in China opened in 2009
Guangzhou Metro stations in Liwan District