The 1957 Paris summit was the first NATO summit bringing the leaders of member nations together at the same time. The formal sessions and informal meetings in Paris, France took place on 16–19 December 1957.  This was only the second meeting of the NATO heads of state following the ceremonial signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949.

Background
At the time of the 1957 summit, NATO countries were at what The New York Times and others labeled as a crucial "crossroads" in their relationship.  The summit was designed as "a reconsideration of the relationship of the strategy for the defense of Western Europe", particularly in light of fading US nuclear superiority with regard to the Soviet Union. The summit was considered to be the main American diplomatic response to the Russian launch of the orbiting Sputnik satellite.

The unanimous agreement in principle to deploy intermediate range ballistic missiles (IRBMs) in Europe was counterbalanced by the decision to emphasize diplomatic negotiations with the Soviets.  The ratification of this two-pronged strategy was one of the summit's accomplishments.  British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan was the leader of those pushing for a "dual-track" approach in dealing with threats to international stability. He argued in favor of two separate, but parallel agendas—one military and the other political.

The summit discussions resulted in a dilution of the defiant posture the Americans had argued for NATO to adopt.

Agenda
The general discussions focused on the need for cooperation in order to mitigate conflict in international policies and in order to further encourage economic collaboration, including
 Reaffirming of the principle purposes;
 Confirming the unity of the Atlantic Alliance;
 Improving the coordination and organization of NATO forces;
 Improving the coordination and organization of political consultations; and
 Recognizing the need for closer economic ties;
 Location of tactical nuclear weapons in member states as well as nuclear-free zones.

See also
 EU summit
 G8 summit
 Thulegate

Notes

References
 Nash, Philip. (1997).  The other missiles of October: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Jupiters, 1957-1963. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
 Thomas, Ian Q.R. (1997).  The promise of alliance: NATO and the political imagination. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. ;
 White, Brian. (1992).   Britain, détente, and changing East-West relations. London: Routledge.

External links
 NATO update, 1957

1957 Paris summit
Diplomatic conferences in France
Summit
20th-century diplomatic conferences
1957 in international relations
France and NATO
December 1957 events in Europe
1957 in military history
1957 conferences


Sir Robert Bourchier Sherard Wrey, 11th Baronet DL JP (23 May 1855 – 16 January 1917) of Tawstock Court, North Devon, was a prominent member of the Devonshire gentry.

Early life
He was the son and heir of Sir Henry Bourchier Toke Wrey, 10th Baronet (1829-1900) and the former Marianne Sherard. Among his many siblings were younger brothers Philip Bourchier Sherard Wrey and Reverend Albany Bourchier Sherard Wrey.

His paternal grandparents were the Rev. Sir Henry Bourchier Wrey, 9th Baronet and, his first wife, the former Ellen Maria Toke (a daughter of Nicholas Roundell Toke). His maternal grandparents were Philip Castel Sherard, 9th Baron Sherard and the former Anne Weekes (a daughter of Nathaniel Weekes).

Career
He served in the Royal Navy, seeing action in the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War and with the Naval Brigade landed in the Third Anglo-Burmese War. He retired from the service with the rank of captain, and later served as honorary lieutenant-colonel of the Royal North Devon Hussars.

In 1900, he succeeded his father in the baronetcy and the family estates. He was the last to live at Tawstock Court and "to keep house in the old manner" and moved to Corffe a nearby house on the estate, having let the Court. In 1913, Sir Robert unsuccessfully laid claim to the barony of FitzWarin, petitioning the Crown that the abeyance should be terminated in his favor and that he should be summoned to the House of Lords as Lord FitzWarin.

Personal life
On 26 October 1905, Sir Robert was married to Jessie Maud Fraser, daughter of William Thomson Fraser and granddaughter of John Fraser, of Mongewell Park, Oxfordshire. He left no sons, only a daughter:

 Rachel Wrey (1911–1991), wife of John Henry Peyto Verney, 20th Baron Willoughby de Broke (1896–1986).

On his death in a nursing home in 1917 without sons, the title passed to his younger brother, Sir Philip Bourchier Sherard Wrey, 12th Baronet, who promptly in 1919 sold 2,500 acres of the estate for £67,000, leaving some 7,000 acres remaining. His widow later married Godfrey Heseltine, second son of John Postle Heseltine.

Descendants
Through his daughter Rachel, he was a grandfather of David Verney, 21st Baron Willoughby de Broke (b. 1938) and Hon. Susan Geraldine Verney (1942–2009).

References

1855 births
1917 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of England
Royal North Devon Yeomanry officers
Royal Navy officers
Royal Navy personnel of the Anglo-Egyptian War
British military personnel of the Third Anglo-Burmese War


Athletissima is an annual athletics meeting in Lausanne, Switzerland. Previously one of the five IAAF Super Grand Prix events, it is now part of the Diamond League.

The first edition was held on 8 July 1977 in the Stade Pierre de Coubertin. In 1986 the event was moved to the Stade olympique de la Pontaise.

The UBS has been the main sponsor of Athletissima Lausanne since 1982. Other sponsors are Vaudoise Assurances, Omega, Erdgas and Nike.

World records
Over the course of its history, three world records have been set at Athletissima.

Meeting records

Men

Women

See also
Spitzen Leichtathletik Luzern

Notes and references

External links

 Diamond League – Lausanne Official Web Site

Sports competitions in Lausanne
Athletics in Switzerland
Diamond League
IAAF Super Grand Prix
Recurring sporting events established in 1977
1977 establishments in Switzerland
IAAF Grand Prix
IAAF World Outdoor Meetings


Stephen Dominic Bredhauer (born 15 February 1958) is a former Australian politician. Born in Brisbane, he was a teacher before entering politics. He joined the Labor Party in 1980. In 1989, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Queensland as the member for Cook. When Labor won government in 1998, he was appointed Minister for Transport and Main Roads, a position he held until his retirement from politics in 2004. He was succeeded by his electorate officer, Jason O'Brien.

References

1958 births
Living people
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
Australian schoolteachers
Politicians from Brisbane
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Queensland
21st-century Australian politicians


The Fifth Division  (; Chữ Hán: 師團5) of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)—the army of the nation state of South Vietnam that existed from 1955 to 1975—was part of the III Corps that oversaw the region of the country surrounding the capital, Saigon.

The Fifth Division was based in Biên Hòa, a town on the northern outskirts of Saigon, and due to the Division's close proximity to the capital Saigon was a key factor in the success or failure of the various coup attempts in the nation's history. As a result, the loyalty of the commanding officer of the Division was crucial in maintaining power.

History
The Division was originally established as the 3rd Field Division and redesignated as the 5th Infantry Division in 1960.

In the 1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, the loyalist Colonel Nguyễn Văn Thiệu used the Division to storm into Saigon to save President Ngô Đình Diệm.

However, in  the successful coup attempt of 1963, Thiệu rebelled and the Division along with the rest of the III Corps of Tôn Thất Đính, attacked Saigon. Thiệu himself led the successful siege on Gia Long Palace. As a result, the leading generals made Thiệu a general.

The Division was largely composed of Nùng people until about 1965 when its composition was increasingly ethnic Vietnamese and the Nùngs moved into MIKE Force units.

The principal sub-units of the division were the 7th, 8th and 9th Infantry Regiments and the 1st Armored Cavalry Regiment. The 9th Infantry Regiment (Divine Elephant) was based at Quan Loi near An Lộc. The 1st ACR was based at the division's forward base camp at Lai Khe.

On the morning of 10 June 1965 during the Battle of Đồng Xoài, the 1st Battalion, 7th Infantry Regiment was landed by helicopter near the Thuận Lợi rubber plantation, about 4 kilometres north of Đồng Xoài where they were ambushed by Viet Cong forces suffering heavy losses. The Division's US adviser reported that the commander, General Phạm Quốc Thuần, had  "gone to pieces" over the mauling his 7th Regiment had received and the unit was notorious for its high desertion rate.

In 1966 US advisers regarded the Division and the 25th Division as the two worst units in the ARVN. Both divisions guarded the approaches to Saigon, but the brunt of the fighting had been assumed by US combat units, the 1st and 25th Infantry Divisions and three separate brigades. Under their protection, the two divisions performed static security missions, but rather than using this respite to regroup and retrain their forces, or to hunt down the local VC, the Vietnamese commanders had let their units degenerate through inactivity, and US advisers now rated them lower than even the neighboring RF/PF. In early May General Westmoreland ordered the US 1st and 25th Divisions to "start working more closely with elements of these two [South Vietnamese] divisions on operations in order to improve their morale, efficiency and effectiveness." He suggested a "buddy" effort, matching the US 1st and the Division and the US 25th and the ARVN 25th Divisions. In mid-May the new US 1st Division commander, General William E. DePuy had one of his three brigades supporting the Division. Initially each unit contributed one infantry battalion to the project. Combined activities consisted of small unit patrolling, village seals and searches, propaganda campaigns, intelligence collection efforts, and various civic improvement projects. In July, however, with the bulk of his units engaged in heavy fighting north of Saigon, DePuy had to abandon the combined operations task force concept. Thereafter, DePuy monitored and supported the Division's activities in Bình Dương Province through his 2nd Brigade headquarters, only occasionally assigning ground units to the effort.

From 24 April to 17 May 1966 the Division participated in Operation Birmingham with the US 1st Infantry Division against the VC 9th Division in Tây Ninh Province.

From 19 May to 13 July 1966 the Division participated in Operation El Paso with the US 3rd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division in Bình Long Province against the VC 9th Division.

From 8–26 January 1967 4 battalions of the Division participated in Operation Cedar Falls a large US search and destroy mission against the Iron Triangle, Bình Dương Province. The ARVN role was primarily as a blocking force and population screening and evacuation while the US forces undertook offensive operations, nevertheless the Division lost 11 killed while total VC losses were 720 killed and 218 captured.

On 11 July 1967, a month following the beginnings of CORDS pacification project near Tan Hung, Bình Long Province, the first major program of civilian pacification and effective counterinsurgency, the HQ and HQ Company and two other companies would earn a Presidential Unit Citation from Lyndon Johnson. As CORDS would in-effect undermine the continual insurgency war, the PAVN 141st Regiment had launched a full-scale attack against the division HQ in hopes of quashing the experiment. The successful defence of the HQ and base had not only secured the continual pacification of the hamlet, but would demonstrate the effectiveness of the CORDS project which would by 1970 secure 93% of all villages and effectively end the VC insurgency.

In 1967 MACV assessed that the three ARVN divisions surrounding Saigon, the Division, 18th and the 25th Division had shown no improvement, and US advisers considered their commanders, Generals Pham Quoc Thuan, Do Ke Giai (18th Division) and Phan Trong Chinh (25th Division), flatly incompetent. The senior Junta generals had repeatedly agreed on the need to replace them, but, for political reasons, had taken no action. Although continually judged by American leaders as corrupt and incapable, General Thuan had strong political ties with the Junta generals, in this case, Thiệu. John Paul Vann noted the "widespread public belief that Thuan not only controlled most of the local bars and prostitution houses but also extorted protection fees for convoys moving through his Division tactical area. General DePuy, commanding the
nearby US 1st Infantry Division, agreed. He made the convoy protection charge public, as did a local Vietnamese province chief, perhaps with Vann's encouragement. Westmoreland could do little. He already had taken up the matter previously with Vien, but to no avail. Thuan had been Thieu's chief of staff when the latter had commanded the 5th Division back in 1962, and the division, together with General Dong's airborne units, remained Thiệu's major basis of power. In the interests of political stability, nothing could be done.

During the Tet Offensive attacks on Bien Hoa and Long Binh from 31 January to 2 February 1968 the Division and the 3rd Ranger Task Force, consisting of the 35th and 36th Ranger Battalions, successfully defended its headquarters and other key facilities in the Bien Hoa-Long Binh complex.

From 11 March to 7 April 1968 the Division's 7th and 8th Regiments participated in Operation Quyet Thang in Bình Dương Province with the US 2nd and 3rd Brigades, 1st Infantry Division to reestablish South Vietnamese control over the areas immediately around Saigon in the aftermath of the Tet Offensive.

From 8 April to 31 May 1968 the Division participated in Operation Toan Thang I to continue pressure on PAVN/VC forces in III Corps after the successful Operation Quyet Thang. The operation involved nearly every combat unit in III Corps. The operation was a success with allied forces claiming 7645 VC/PAVN killed, however the operation did not prevent the PAVN/VC from launching their May Offensive attacks against Saigon.

In September 1968 MACV rated General Thuần as inept and Division advisers noted that the Division had "withdrawn into a shell" and was doing nothing constructive." Minor incidents, like Thuần's daily pot shots at birds from the second story balcony of his home and the subsequent accidental wounding of his intelligence adviser, were not uncommon and at times trivialized and mocked the entire war effort. II Field Force, Vietnam commander Lt. Gen. Walter T. Kerwin, Jr. appealed to COMUSMACV General Creighton Abrams for help, and the MACV commander reportedly "raised hell" with President Thiệu over the matter, but Thiệu did nothing.

In June 1969 the new II Field Force, Vietnam commander Lt. Gen. Julian Ewell initiated the Dong Tien (or "Progress Together") Program with III Corps commander, General Đỗ Cao Trí, to "buddy up US and ARVN units to conduct combined operations [that would]... maximize the effectiveness of both forces [and] achieve in 2, 3, or 4 months a quantum jump in ARVN and RF/PF performance." The most important Dong Tien operation was between the Division and the US 1st Infantry Division. Both units stood astride Route 13, the major artery connecting the capital region with the Cambodian border and, conversely, a primary avenue to Saigon for PAVN/VC units infiltrating south. Since 1965 the American division had worked the area, driving the regular enemy units across the Cambodian border and slowly rooting out his larger local forces. During the same period the Division, under General Thuần, had generally performed what at best could be described as securing missions in central and southern Bình Dương Province. In 1968 South Vietnamese intelligence estimated that 17,000 PAVN/VC troops were active in the Division's theoretical area of responsibility, but out of almost 2000 combat operations supposedly conducted by one of the Division's regiments that year, only 36 had led to engagements with enemy forces, and these resulted in only 17 PAVN/VC reportedly killed and 5 captured, at a cost of 14 soldiers killed and 3 weapons lost. Such poor track records reflected what Americans derisively called Saigon's "search and avoid" tactics, and were patently unacceptable to Ewell and Trí. Up to 1969, overriding political concerns had forced MACV to live with the marginal performance of the Division. The close friendship between President Thiệu and General Thuần was well known, as was the political role of the Division in stabilizing the old military regime. However, by mid-1969 the political as well as the military situation around the capital had changed, and the threat of a military coup was remote. At the same time, the projected redeployment of US
forces from South Vietnam made it all the more necessary that Saigon bring units like the Division back into the mainstream of the war effort as soon as possible. In August 1969 Thuần was finally replaced as Division commander by General Nguyễn Văn Hiếu, however US officials had major reservations about this replacement, not regarding Hiếu as a dynamic leader. The Dong Tien operation between the two units lasted from July 1969 until the departure of the 1st Infantry Division from South Vietnam in March 1970. During this period infantry battalions of the Division's 7th Regiment worked extensively with those of the 1st Division's 2nd Brigade in central Bình Dương Province, while similar units of the Division's 8th Regiment operated with battalions of the 1st Division's 1st and 3rd Brigades in the northern Bình Dương jungles. In each case, US and ARVN infantry battalions shared common fire support bases and patrolled a common operational area in the dense forests surrounding these strongpoints. The two battalion commanders planned and commanded the operations jointly, with the Americans providing the helicopter support for troop movements and resupply. With the extra push of working with American commanders, staffs, and troops, the lethargic Vietnamese battalions began to wake up. As in the earlier pair-off program, decentralized operations meant that small-unit leaders learned to make decisions on their own, while battalion commanders and staffs learned to control airmobile operations and troop actions over a wider area. Marginal officers were identified and often replaced, and, perhaps most important, ARVN morale began to climb. Drawbacks to the 1st Division's Dong Tien operation were primarily in the areas of scope and duration. Periodically the ARVN regimental commanders
rotated participating infantry battalions, but only two were active in the program at anyone time, and neither the regimental nor the Division headquarters became closely involved in the effort. Later, as the program progressed, Hiếu brought a few of his artillery batteries into the endeavor, and approved liaison and training between various 1st and 5th Division support units. But only two Vietnamese artillery batteries ever participated, the involvement of other Division elements remained minimal, and the 9th Regiment took no part in the effort. Almost all helicopter and most artillery support were American. Another
significant factor, one that was both helpful and seductive, was the inactivity of PAVN/VC military forces, and thus, as in the other Dong Tien operations, there was no real test of South Vietnamese effectiveness in heavy fighting. However, when the program terminated in March 1970, it had pried the 5th Division out of its safe havens in southern Bình Dương and oriented its soldiers away from the political and economic concerns of the Saigon metropolitan area. As the 1st Infantry Division began its redeployment in early 1970, Hiếu moved his Division headquarters north and, with the help of adjacent American units, gradually took over responsibility for the 1st Division's former operational area without incident.

On 30 April 1970 as part of Operation Toan Thang 42 (Total Victory), an early phase of the Cambodian Campaign, a Division infantry regiment and the 1st Armored Cavalry Squadron together with other ARVN forces crossed into the Parrot's Beak region of Svay Rieng Province.

In mid-1970 MACV rated General Hiếu as "unsatisfactory" and recommended his relief. Regarded by US advisers as the worst ARVN Division commander, General Hieu's forces had been badly handled during the Battle of Snuol, and his troops, according to II Field Force commander Michael S. Davison, were close to mutiny. Pushed by both Abrams and Minh to relieve him, Thiệu finally acceded and in April 1971 brought Col. Lê Văn Hưng up from Phong Dinh Province to take over the battered Division. Unfortunately, Hưng was the one ARVN officer whose candidacy American advisers had specifically recommended against.

Easter Offensive

On 2 April 1972 at the start of the Easter Offensive, the VC 24th Independent Regiment overran Fire Support Base Lac Long, defended by elements of the 49th Regiment, about  northwest of Tây Ninh. The attacks on Lac Long and other outposts in Tây Ninh were a diversion designed to cover the main thrust into Bình Long Province. To initiate the campaign in Bình Long, the VC 5th Division (numbering about 9,230 soldiers) was ordered to take Lộc Ninh, Bình Long's northernmost town. The VC were supported by the PAVN 69th Artillery Command (3,830 soldiers) and the 203rd Armored Regiment (800 soldiers). Defending Lộc Ninh was the 9th Infantry Regiment commanded by Colonel Nguyễn Công Vinh, supported by the 1st Cavalry Squadron, 1st Regional Force Battalion and elements of the 74th Ranger Battalion. The attack began around 06:50 on 5 April with a heavy barrage of artillery, rocket and mortar fire targeting the headquarters of the 9th Regiment and the Lộc Ninh district compound. The VC simultaneously mounted other attacks throughout the Division's areas of operations in Lai Khê and Quần Lợi. The ARVN held back the initial ground assault and massive airpower was directed against the VC. Colonel Vinh ordered the 1st Cavalry Squadron — commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Nguyen Huu Duong — to withdraw from Fire Support Base Alpha to reinforce Lộc Ninh. However, Duong refused, saying he would surrender his unit to the VC instead. Angered, Captain Mark A. Smith reportedly threatened to destroy the 1st Cavalry Squadron with American air power if the squadron didn't fight. From that point on, Smith virtually controlled the ARVN forces. A few moments later, elements of the ARVN 74th Ranger Battalion and the 3rd Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment notified the regimental command post that they had broken out and were fighting their way back towards Lộc Ninh. Meanwhile, the 1st Cavalry Squadron began moving west towards the Cambodian border to engage the VC. A second ground assault in the afternoon was repelled by airstrikes however Colonel Vinh was either planning to surrender or desert when he ordered two of his soldiers to open the gates of the command compound at around 22:00. On the morning of 6 April a renewed VC assault entered the base and at this point the 9th Regiment only had 50 soldiers left, while another 150 wounded were in the hospital bunker.

In an attempt to save Lộc Ninh, Brigadier General Lê Văn Hưng ordered Task Force 52 to move north to reinforce the beleaguered 9th Regiment. Task Force 52 consisted of the 2nd Battalion, 52nd Infantry Regiment and the 1st Battalion, 48th Infantry Regiment; both transferred from the 18th Division in late March to serve as a border screen for General Hưng's forces. As the 2nd Battalion to advance towards Lộc Ninh it was ambushed at the junction of National Highway 13 and Route 17. Unable to withstand the VC's superior firepower, it was forced to withdraw. To prevent Task Force 52 from evacuating to either Lộc Ninh or An Lộc, the VC pursued Task Force 52 and bombarded their bases with heavy artillery throughout the day.

On the afternoon of 6 April, the 3rd Battalion, 9th Regiment, along with the men of the 1st Cavalry Squadron at FSB Alpha who had refused to surrender arrived at Lộc Ninh to join the defense. During the night PAVN artillery scored a direct hit on the hospital bunker, killing a large number of wounded men. Later on, another round of rockets struck the artillery compound, striking the ammunition storage bunker, which exploded. From the eastern side of the district, the VC tried to penetrate the defense line at Lộc Ninh, but were beaten off. Realizing that the situation had become hopeless, Vinh took off his uniform and told his troops to surrender. At 07:00 on 7 April, the VC massed for another ground assault from the north and west of Lộc Ninh, with support from heavy artillery, tanks and armored personnel carriers. As the VC closed in, Vinh and his bodyguards ran out the opened gate and surrendered. Several ARVN soldiers also tried to surrender, but they all returned to their positions after Smith stopped an ARVN officer from raising a white T-shirt up the flagpole. By 08:00 the 9th Regiment was completely overwhelmed when the VC overran the southern compound with their superior numbers. At around 10:00, all tactical air support was called off in order to clear the way for B-52 strikes against VC formations west of Lộc Ninh. However, the B-52 strikes could not prevent the VC from overrunning Lộc Ninh. By 16:30, the VC were in complete control of Lộc Ninh District.

Lộc Ninh became the seat of the Provisional Revolutionary Government, the capital of "liberated" territories in South Vietnam. PAVN/VC losses are estimated to exceed 1000 killed. The ARVN lost more than 3000 soldiers killed or captured; only about 50 soldiers actually reached An Lộc. The VC also captured all seven American advisers.

As Lộc Ninh was succumbing, other PAVN/VC formations turned their attention to the provincial capital of An Lộc. At 09:00 on 7 April, General Hưng ordered Task Force 52 to abandon its bases, destroy all heavy weapons and vehicles, and withdraw to An Lộc, following their failed attempt at reinforcing Lộc Ninh. As Task Force 52 tried to break through National Highway 13, they ran into another large VC ambush. It would take the soldiers of Task Force 52 about a week to reach An Lộc, infiltrating through PAVN/VC positions along the main road. Late on 7 April, the VC 9th Division attacked Quần Lợi Base Camp, just  north of An Lộc. Elements of the 7th Regiment defending the area were unable to hold off the VC, so they were ordered to destroy their equipment and join other ARVN units in the provincial capital. The next step in the offensive was the Battle of An Lộc.

At the start of the Battle of An Lộc the town was defended by the Division's 8th Regiment with about 2,100 men; the 7th Regiment (less one battalion) with 850 men; the 9th Regiment, most of which was destroyed at Lộc Ninh and had only had 200 men; Task Force 52, 500 men; the 3rd Ranger Group, 1,300 men; as well as Binh Long Provincial Regional Force, Popular Forces and People's Self-Defense Forces (PSDF), about 2,000 men. The initial attack on the town was repulsed by airpower and skillful use of M72 LAW rockets against PAVN tanks. The second assault on 15 April was also repulsed and the defenders were reinforced by the arrival of the 1st Airborne Brigade. The PAVN bombarded the town and gradually reduced the defensive line, while all the time being battered by US and South Vietnamese air strikes. On 11 May the PAVN 5th and 9th Divisions launched a massive all-out infantry and armor assault on An Lộc, suffering severe losses to air strikes but further squeezing the defenders. Another assault on 12 May failed to take the city. The PAVN launched a final attack on 19 May in honor of Ho Chi Minh's birthday. The attack was broken up by U.S. air support and an ambush by the Airborne. After the attacks of 11 and 12 May the PAVN directed its main efforts to cutting off any more relief columns. However, by 9 June this proved ineffective, and the defenders were able to receive the injection of manpower and supplies needed to sweep the surrounding area of PAVN and by 18 June the battle was over. The 18th Division was moved in to replace the exhausted Division and the 18th Division would spread out from An Lộc and push the PAVN back, increasing security in the area.

Following the heavy fighting, President Thiệu replaced almost all of the division commanders in the zone with Hưng being replaced Col. Tran Quoc Lich.

1973-4
By early 1973 the Division headquarters was at Lai Khê in Bình Dương Province, with one regiment usually based at Phú Giáo District. The PAVN 205th Regiment, which had been operating under the control of the 7th Division, was opposing the Division in eastern Bình Dương. Concern for the security of Phuoc Long had prompted the stationing of the 9th Regiment at Phước Bình District. At the same time, the PAVN 7th Division was operating from a base east of Highway 13 between Chơn Thành Camp and Bàu Bàng District.

In November 1973 Thiệu dismissed Lich for corruption and Col. Lê Nguyên Vỹ assumed command of the Division.

In the last half of 1973 in southern Bình Long and western Bình Dương Provinces very little combat took place. The PAVN continued its buildup in the Minh Thanh Plantation and the Lai Khê-Bến Cát area, shifted its artillery southward into the Long Nguyen area from where it increased the weight and frequency of attacks against the ARVN bases. The only ground engagement of note took place in early January 1974 just west of Chơn Thành when the 2nd Battalion, 8th Regiment was struck hard by the PAVN 7th Battalion, 209th Infantry, 7th Division. Charged with blocking Highway 13 and preventing any ARVN advance toward Minh Thanh, the 7th Battalion killed 36 ARVN soldiers in this engagement, wounded 26 others and captured 85 weapons.

On 2 July 1974 the Division relieved the 18th Division which had been fighting the PAVN 7th and 9th Divisions in the Battle of the Iron Triangle. In early September the Division renewed the effort to recapture Base 82, with the 8th Infantry Regiment nearly succeeding until being routed by a PAVN armored counterattack with casualties of 6 killed, 29 missing and 67 wounded. The 8th Regiment was relieved by the 9th Regiment which on 19 September began methodically eliminating the PAVN defensive positions, eventually recapturing the base on 4 October. In mid-November the 9th Regiment took part in the recapture of Rach Bap, ending the Iron Triangle campaign.

From 12 December 1974 to 6 January 1975 3 Battalions of the Division together with Regional Forces and Rangers fought the Battle of Phước Long.

1975

On 12 March the 3rd Battalion, 7th Regiment was attached the 25th Division and sent to reinforce Khiem Hanh. On 23 March, ARVN forces made contact with the PAVN near Truong Mit, northwest of Khiem Hanh. A major battle developed on the 24th and casualties were very heavy on both sides. The 3rd Battalion, 7th Regiment lost over 400 men killed, wounded, and missing, and the attacking
PAVN 271st Regiment, 9th Division, left nearly 200 dead. The decimated battalion was withdrawn from combat and sent to the regimental base at Phu Giao in Binh Duong Province.

Col. Vỹ committed suicide upon the surrender of his division to the PAVN on 30 April 1975.

Organisation
Component units:
 7th Infantry Regiment
 8th Infantry Regiment
 9th Infantry Regiment
 50th, 51st, 52nd and 53rd Artillery Battalions
 1st Armored Cavalry Squadron
 US Advisory Team 70

References

005


Simon Lloyd (1756 – 6 November 1836) was a Welsh Anglican priest who became a Methodist preacher.

Life
Lloyd was born in 1756 and educated at Queen Elizabeth's School, Carmarthen and Jesus College, Oxford, where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1779.  After his ordination, he was a curate in various parishes in Denbighshire: Olveston, Bryneglwys and Llandegla, although he was relieved of his position in Bryneglwys because of his close association with Methodists, especially his friend Thomas Charles.  He was later the curate of Llanycil, until 1800, but the bishop refused to approve his appointment to Llanuwchllyn because of his Methodist associations.  Charles died in 1814 and Lloyd then edited Y Drysorfa, a Welsh magazine.  He also wrote a chronology of the Bible (1817) and a commentary on the Book of Revelation (1828), and had a reputation as a good scholar on biblical matters. He died in Bala on 6 November 1836 and was buried in Llanycil.

References

1756 births
1836 deaths
18th-century Welsh Anglican priests
Welsh Methodists
Welsh non-fiction writers
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
People from Llanycil


Iavoloha Palace is the official residence of the President of Madagascar. It is situated 15 km to the south from the capital Antananarivo. Iavoloha was modeled on the Rova of Antananarivo and was built by North Korea in the 1970s for free.

References

See also
 Ambohitsorohitra Palace, another office of the president

Presidential residences
Buildings and structures in Antananarivo
Government of Madagascar


Bacotoma is a genus of moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. It currently comprises 11 species, with an Oriental and Australasian distribution ranging from India and Sri Lanka over China and Southeast Asia to Australia.

Description
The adults of Bacotoma have relatively narrow forewings and broad, almost triangular hindwings. Wing coloration is inconspicuous, with shades of brown and beige dominating. On the forewing, the antemedian and postmedian lines as well as the proximal and especially the distal discoidal stigma are distinct; on the hindwing, the postmedian line is prominent, and sometimes the discoidal stigma is well developed. Males have a long and slender abdomen with often prominent anal tufts and conspicuous patterns of black and white marks on the abdominal tergites 7 and 8, in some species also on tergite 6.
The male genitalia are characterized by oval to lanceolate valvae with complex sclerotisations of the fibula and sacculus. The uncus exhibits two long, slender, apically tapering or somewhat inflated arms. The phallus or aedeagus is simple, sclerotized and contains a single needle-like cornutus. The female genitalia consist of a simple, sac-like corpus bursae with one or two small signa, a slender ductus bursae with granular texture and a small, sclerotized antrum. Characteristic for the genus are the pleural pockets of sternum 7, which are densely covered in short microtrichia.
The pre-imaginal stages of Bacotoma have not been described.

Diagnosis
Imagines of Bacotoma are superficially similar to those of Bradina, Herpetogramma and Syngamia, with which they share similar coloration and maculation. Identification of the adults and distinction from externally similar species is possible through genetical sequences, e.g. DNA barcoding, or genitalia dissection. In the genitalia, the genus is characterized by a number of putatively apomorphic features: in the male genitalia, the strongly bifurcate juxta with slender arms, each apically ending in a small hook, and the broad, lobate transtilla arms protruding dorsad beyond the costal valva edge; in the female genitalia, the pleural membrane of sternum 7 exhibits deep pockets covered in microtrichia.

Biology
Larvae of Bacotoma illatalis and B. ampliatalis have been reared from Celtis philippensis (Cannabaceae) and Strychnos minor (Loganiaceae) in Papua New Guinea.

Species
Bacotoma abjungalis (Walker, 1859)
Bacotoma ampliatalis (Lederer, 1863)
Bacotoma binotalis (Warren, 1896)
Bacotoma camillusalis (Walker, 1859)
Bacotoma cuprealis (Moore, 1877)
Bacotoma hainanensis Yang, Ullah, Landry, Miller, Rosati & Zhang, 2019
Bacotoma illatalis (Walker, 1866)
Bacotoma oggalis (Swinhoe, 1906)
Bacotoma poecilura (E. Hering, 1903)
Bacotoma ptochura (Meyrick, 1894)
Bacotoma violata (Fabricius, 1787)

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Frederic Moore


Baeoptila is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Baeoptila leptorrhoda (Turner, 1908)
Baeoptila oculalis (Hampson, 1897)
Baeoptila selenias Turner, 1908

References

Musotiminae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Alfred Jefferis Turner


Patrick Gallagher was a footballer who played one game in the English Football League for Burslem Port Vale in September 1900.

Career
Gallagher played for Smallthorne United before joining Second Division side Burslem Port Vale in May 1900. His only game came at left-half in a 2–2 draw with Small Heath at the Athletic Ground on 1 September, before being released at the end of the season.

Career statistics
Source:

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Port Vale F.C. players
English Football League players
Place of birth missing


Balaenifrons is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Balaenifrons homopteridia Hampson, 1896
Balaenifrons ochrochroa Hampson, 1917

Former species
Balaenifrons aryrostrota Hampson, 1917

References

Odontiinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by George Hampson


Banepa is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Banepa atkinsonii, which is found in India (Darjeeling).

References

Acentropinae
Crambidae genera
Monotypic moth genera
Taxa named by Frederic Moore


William Lloyd (1771 – 10 April 1841) was a Welsh Anglican priest who became a schoolteacher and Methodist preacher.

Life
Lloyd, who was born in 1771, was educated at the grammar school in Botwnnog and at Jesus College, Oxford.  In 1801, he was ordained and became curate in Rhoscolyn, Llanfair yn Neubwll, and Llanfihangel, Anglesey.  In 1805, his support for the Methodists led to his being deprived of his parish positions, and he thereafter became a schoolmaster in north Wales, firstly near Clynnog Fawr and then, from 1817 onwards, in Caernarfon.  He was regarded as a pious man and an influential cleric, although not as a great preacher.  He died on 10 April 1841 and was buried in Llanbeblig near Caernarfon.

References

1771 births
1841 deaths
19th-century Welsh Anglican priests
Welsh Methodists
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
People from Caernarfon
People from Clynnog Fawr


Barisoa is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Barisoa intentalis, which is found in Jamaica.

References

Musotiminae
Crambidae genera
Monotypic moth genera
Taxa named by Heinrich Benno Möschler


ChinaCache () is a Chinese company that provides Internet content and application delivery services. It was founded in 1998 by Song Wang. ChinaCache offers a "Three tier internet ecosystem," with internet data center management, Internet Exchange operations and cloud hosting services.

ChinaCache's network is interconnected with the dominant telecom carriers networks (China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom) and local Internet service providers in China.

The company is headquartered in Beijing, China, with offices in Sunnyvale, CA, Diamond Bar, CA, London, UK, and Hong Kong. In 2017, ChinaCache received National CDN License from the Chinese government.

History

 ChinaCache was founded by Song Wang in 1998.
 In 2000, ChinaCache received the CDN license from China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
 In 2007, ChinaCache North America was established to expand operations globally. The first office is constructed in Diamond Bar, CA, followed by a research and development center in Sunnyvale, opened in 2011.
 In October 2010, ChinaCache filed for IPO and was subsequently listed on Nasdaq; ticker symbol CCIH.
 In 2013, Atecsys Data Center, operated by ChinaCache, is established. In the same year, ChinaCache opened an office in Hong Kong, expanding service capacities in APAC.
 In 2015, ChinaCache opened an office in London, UK.
 In September 2019, ChinaCache announced its de-listing from the NASDAQ.

ChinaCache Network
ChinaCache maintains more than 500 service nodes in more than 120 major cities globally and across China. Its network in interconnected to China Telecom, China Netcom, China Mobile, China Unicom, China Railcom, China CERNET and various other access providers.

Partnerships

 In 2007, ChinaCache received a $31.5 million investment from Intel Capital and Ignition Partners. In the same year, it also announced a partnership with RawFlow, a provider of live peer-to-peer streaming technologies.
 In 2008, ChinaCache partnered with Adobe Systems to offer Flash Video Streaming Service in China.
 In 2008, ChinaCache announced support for Microsoft Silverlight, a cross-platform and cross-browser plug-in.
 In August 2011, ChinaCache announced a partnership with the Shanxi Unicom and Wentian Technology to Build Shanxi's Largest Cloud Computing Data Center to enable facilities including disaster recovery centers, enterprise data centers and Internet data centers.
 In 2012, ChinaCache collaborated with Telekom Malaysia, Hutchison Global Communications and Interxion to expand their services in Asia and Europe.
 In August 2013, ChinaCache collaborated with Microsoft Corporation to integrate the company's CDN and other services with Windows Azure China in order to service customers in China.
 In August 2013, ChinaCache announced a partnership with Kingsoft Cloud Group to provide a comprehensive suite of cloud-based network services.

References

Internet technology companies of China
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Technology companies established in 1998
Content delivery networks
Cloud computing providers
Chinese companies established in 1998
Companies based in Beijing
Chinese brands
2010 initial public offerings


Batiana is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Batiana remotella, which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales.

References

Crambinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)
Taxa described in 1866
Monotypic moth genera


Beebea is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Beebea guglielmi, which is found on the Galapagos Islands.

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by William Schaus


Betousa is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Francis Walker in 1865. Its only species, Betousa dilecta, was described by the same author in the same year. It is found on the Moluccas, Woodlark Island, St. Aignan, Ternate and Fergusson Island.

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Monotypic moth genera
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)


Bicilia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Bicilia iarchasalis (Walker, 1859)
Bicilia lentistrialis (Dognin, 1906)
Bicilia olivia (Butler, 1878)
Bicilia persinualis (Hampson, 1899)

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Hans Georg Amsel


Leonel Hernán González (born 15 March 1994) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Argentinos Juniors, on loan from Godoy Cruz.

Career
González progressed through the Newell's Old Boys ranks. He never made a competitive appearance for them, but was an unused substitute for Primera División fixtures with Vélez Sarsfield and Arsenal de Sarandí in 2013. January 2016 saw González join Primera B Metropolitana team Estudiantes. He made his senior debut on 10 April in a 3–0 loss away to Deportivo Español. Five more appearances arrived in the 2016 campaign, which preceded a further sixty-seven across the next three seasons - which culminated with promotion in 2018–19, as González also scored for the first time versus Sacachispas on 18 May 2019.

After one goal in sixteen encounters in the 2019–20 Primera B Nacional for Estudiantes, González departed on loan in August 2020 to Primera División side Godoy Cruz until the end of 2022, with a purchase option. Diego Martínez selected him for his top-flight debut on 2 November, as he featured for the full duration of a loss away against Rosario Central. At the end of November 2021, Godoy Cruz triggered the purchase option and signed González on a deal until the end of 2024.

On 11 July 2022, Argentinos Juniors officially presented Leonel González as their new reinforcement, with the player signing a loan deal until the end of 2023 with a purchase option.

Career statistics
.

Notes

References

External links

1994 births
Living people
People from Concordia, Entre Ríos
Argentine men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Primera B Metropolitana players
Primera Nacional players
Newell's Old Boys footballers
Estudiantes de Buenos Aires footballers
Godoy Cruz Antonio Tomba footballers
Argentinos Juniors footballers
Footballers from Entre Ríos Province


The Birimian rocks are major sources of gold and diamonds that extend through Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Mali and Burkina Faso. They are named after the Birim River, one of the main tributaries of the Pra River in Ghana and the country's most important diamond-producing area. Ghana and Mali are the second and third largest producers of gold in Africa, respectively.

The Birimian terranes in the southern part of the West African craton are a mix of metamorphosed volcanic, sedimentary, and plutonic rocks and low-grade metavolcanics and metasediments. Almost half of the terranes consist of alkaline granites. The rocks formed over a period of about 50 million years between 2.200 Ga and 2.100 Ga years ago.

Location
The Birimian rocks stretch across the countries to the north of the Gulf of Guinea, forming parallel belts that generally trend northeasterly and are  wide and about  apart. They consist of interlayered sedimentary and volcanic flow rocks metamorphosed to low greenschist facies. Most rivers draining the Birimian rocks hold alluvial gold deposits. They are overlaid in places by quartz-pebble conglomerates within the Tarkwaian System, name after Tarkwa, the second largest source of gold in Ghana. However, recent research indicates that the gold found in the Tarkwaian rocks is not derived from the Birimian terranes.

The Birimian forms two distinct and parallel greenstone belts in southwest Burkina Faso, the Hounde and the Boromo.  The Hounde Greenstone Belt extends from the Ivory Coast border to the north of Houndé.  The Boromo Greenstone Belt to the east of the Hounde Greenstone Belt, also extends from the Ivory Coast border through the Poura mine, Boromo and north to Ouahigouya and Kaya.

Origins

One view is that the Birimian rocks were formed by the collision of the Archean Cupixi-Carajas craton in the Southern Guiana shield and the Kenema-Man craton in the Western Africa shield. However, it is more generally accepted that the rocks originated in mid-oceanic arcs of volcanoes, which formed a crust that collided with and rode over the Man Shield portion of the West African Craton and was compressed to form the series of folds.

Mining operations
Gold mining has been an important part of the economies of Ghana and Mali for centuries. In Ghana, over 90 percent of output originates from underground mines in the Ashanti region of the country. The privatized Ashanti Goldfields Corporation, formed in 1993 with investment from Lonrho and now owned by AngloGold Ashanti, controls most production and generally uses environmentally acceptable processes. However, there are many small-scale miners using techniques causing environmental damage such as arsenic and mercury poisoning.

Gold quartz veins and lenticular reefs occur in the shear zone between the Upper Birimian phyllites and the Lower Birimian greenstones.  Gold mines include the Obuasi Gold Mine, and those located at Prestea, Konongo, Hiré, Poura, Kalana, and Sabodala.  Placer gold deposits are mined at Siguiri, Ity, and on the Ofin River.

See also
Geology of Ghana
Geology of Mali
Geology of Ivory Coast
Geology of Burkina Faso
Eburnean orogeny
Kenieba inlier
Bambouk
Bougouni
Kenieba
Siguiri
Akan goldweights

References

Geology of Burkina Faso
Geology of Ghana
Mining in Ghana
Geology of Guinea
Geology of Ivory Coast
Geology of Mali
Mining in Mali


Bissetia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Bissetia leucomeralis (Hampson, 1919)
Bissetia poliella (Hampson, 1919)
Bissetia steniellus (Hampson, 1899)
Bissetia subfumalis (Hampson, 1896)
Bissetia tauromma (Kapur, 1950)

References

Haimbachiini
Crambidae genera


No Two Alike: Human Nature and Human Individuality is a book by psychology researcher Judith Rich Harris. It was published in February 2006. Harris attempts to explain why people are so different in personality, even identical twins who grow up in the same home.

No Two Alike expands on some of the ideas from her previous book The Nurture Assumption, especially the effect of birth order on personality and criticism of developmental psychology. She also attempts to answer some of the criticisms leveled at The Nurture Assumption.

Harris proposes that three distinct mental systems shape personality:
A relationship system that allows us to distinguish family from strangers and tell individuals apart.
A socialization system that helps us to become members of a group and absorb the group's culture.
A status system that enables us to acquire self-knowledge by measuring ourselves against others.

The book was translated into Hebrew in 2006.

Reviews
NY Times
Evolutionary Psychology (journal)
Additional reviews.

References

2006 non-fiction books
American non-fiction books
Books by Judith Rich Harris
English-language books


Blepharomastix is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Julius Lederer in 1863.

Species
Blepharomastix achroalis (Hampson, 1913)
Blepharomastix adustalis (C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
Blepharomastix aguirrealis (Schaus, 1940)
Blepharomastix apertisigna (Hampson, 1912)
Blepharomastix aphenice (Hampson, 1907)
Blepharomastix astenialis (Dyar, 1922)
Blepharomastix bademusalis (Schaus, 1924)
Blepharomastix batracalis (Guenée, 1854)
Blepharomastix benetinctalis (Dyar, 1914)
Blepharomastix beuvealis (Schaus, 1924)
Blepharomastix biannulalis (Hampson, 1907)
Blepharomastix branealis (Schaus, 1924)
Blepharomastix caclamalis (Schaus, 1924)
Blepharomastix carillalis (Schaus, 1912)
Blepharomastix carthaghalis (Schaus, 1924)
Blepharomastix caulealis (Schaus, 1924)
Blepharomastix cayugalis (Schaus, 1924)
Blepharomastix cirrosalis (C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
Blepharomastix coatepecensis Druce, 1895
Blepharomastix coeneusalis (Walker, 1859)
Blepharomastix colubralis (Guenée, 1854)
Blepharomastix costaliparilis Munroe, 1995
Blepharomastix costalis (Walker, 1866)
Blepharomastix cronanalis (Schaus, 1924)
Blepharomastix crusalis Druce, 1895
Blepharomastix cylonalis (Druce, 1895)
Blepharomastix dadalis (Druce, 1895)
Blepharomastix diaphanalis (Schaus, 1920)
Blepharomastix eborinalis Snellen, 1899
Blepharomastix epistenialis (Klima, 1939)
Blepharomastix fusalis (Hampson, 1917)
Blepharomastix fuscilunalis (Hampson, 1907)
Blepharomastix garzettalis (C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
Blepharomastix gigantalis Druce, 1895
Blepharomastix glaucinalis (Hampson, 1917)
Blepharomastix glaucoleuca (Hampson, 1913)
Blepharomastix griseicosta (Hampson, 1918)
Blepharomastix guianalis (Schaus, 1924)
Blepharomastix haedulalis (Hulst, 1886)
Blepharomastix hedychroalis Swinhoe, 1907
Blepharomastix herreralis (Schaus, 1924)
Blepharomastix hydrothionalis (Snellen, 1875)
Blepharomastix hyperochalis (Dyar, 1914)
Blepharomastix ianthealis (Walker, 1859)
Blepharomastix indentata (Hampson, 1912)
Blepharomastix ineffectalis (Walker, 1862)
Blepharomastix inflexalis (Hampson, 1912)
Blepharomastix interruptalis (Hampson, 1907)
Blepharomastix irroratalis (Hampson, 1907)
Blepharomastix lacertalis (Guenée, 1854)
Blepharomastix leuconephralis (Hampson, 1918)
Blepharomastix leucophaea (Hampson, 1912)
Blepharomastix marialis (Schaus, 1924)
Blepharomastix melitealis (Walker, 1859)
Blepharomastix monocamptalis (Hampson, 1918)
Blepharomastix mononalis (Dyar, 1918)
Blepharomastix obscura (Warren, 1889)
Blepharomastix obscuralis Snellen, 1899
Blepharomastix pacificalis (Schaus, 1912)
Blepharomastix pallidipennis (Warren, 1889)
Blepharomastix paracausta Meyrick, 1934
Blepharomastix poasalis (Schaus, 1912)
Blepharomastix potentalis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1914)
Blepharomastix primolalis (Schaus, 1924)
Blepharomastix prophaealis (Dognin, 1913)
Blepharomastix pseudoranalis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1914)
Blepharomastix pulverulalis Druce, 1895
Blepharomastix ranalis (Guenée, 1854)
Blepharomastix randalis (Druce, 1895)
Blepharomastix rufilinealis (Hampson, 1918)
Blepharomastix sabulosa (Hampson, 1913)
Blepharomastix saponalis (Guenée, 1854)
Blepharomastix saurialis (Guenée, 1854)
Blepharomastix schistisemalis (Hampson, 1912)
Blepharomastix semifuscalis (Hampson, 1907)
Blepharomastix stenialis (Dyar, 1914)
Blepharomastix stenothyris (Meyrick, 1936)
Blepharomastix strigivenalis (Hampson, 1918)
Blepharomastix styxalis (Schaus, 1924)
Blepharomastix turiafalis (Schaus, 1924)
Blepharomastix veritalis (Dyar, 1914)
Blepharomastix vestalialis Snellen, 1875
Blepharomastix vilialis (Guenée, 1854)
Blepharomastix zethealis (Schaus, 1912)

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Julius Lederer


Alexander Macdougall Cooke (17 October 1899 – 5 January 1999) was a British doctor and academic at the University of Oxford.

Life
Cooke was born on 17 October 1899 and educated at Merchant Taylors' School before serving in the Royal Fusiliers, Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Air Force between 1917 and 1918 during the First World War.  He studied at Jesus College, Oxford (obtaining a first-class degree in Natural Science in 1920) and St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, London (obtaining his Bachelor of Medicine degree in 1923).  After qualification, he worked in St Thomas' Hospital before returning to Oxford in 1932 as a consultant physician at the Radcliffe Infirmary; he was to remain there until his retirement in 1966, when he was made an honorary consultant.  He was also May Reader of Medicine at the University of Oxford from 1933 to 1947, and Director of Clinical Studies at the university's medical school from 1939 to 1949.  He was appointed a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford in 1942, becoming an Emeritus Fellow on retirement.  He lectured to the Royal College of Physicians and held various positions within the College, as well as with other medical organisations.  His publications included a History of the Royal College of Physicians of London Volume III (1972) and My Seventy Five Years of Medicine (1994), as well as papers on medical history and medicine.  He died on 5 January 1999.

References

1899 births
1999 deaths
20th-century English medical doctors
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
Fellows of Merton College, Oxford
Royal Fusiliers officers
Royal Flying Corps officers
British Army personnel of World War I


Blepharucha is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Blepharucha zaide, which is found in South Africa.

References

Endemic moths of South Africa
Odontiinae
Crambidae genera
Monotypic moth genera
Taxa named by William Warren (entomologist)


Bocchoris is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Frederic Moore in 1885.

Species
Bocchoris adalis Walker, 1859
Bocchoris albinalis Hampson, 1912
Bocchoris albipunctalis Shibuya, 1929
Bocchoris amandalis C. Swinhoe, 1903 (Thailand)
Bocchoris aptalis (Walker, [1866]) (Japan and Indonesia)
Bocchoris borbonensis Guillermet in Viette & Guillermet, 1996 (Reunion)
Bocchoris chalcidiscalis Hampson, 1898 (Brazil)
Bocchoris darsanalis (Druce, 1895)
Bocchoris gallienalis (Viette, 1958) (from Madagascar)
Bocchoris graphitalis (Snellen, 1875)
Bocchoris incoalis Schaus, 1920
Bocchoris inductalis (Walker, 1865)
Bocchoris inspersalis (Zeller, 1852)
Bocchoris insulalis Hampson, 1912
Bocchoris isakalis Viette, 1954 (Madagascar)
Bocchoris junctifascialis Hampson, 1898 (from Indonesia)
Bocchoris labarinthalis Hampson, 1912 (from Congo and Nigeria)
Bocchoris lumaralis Holland, 1900 (from Indonesia)
Bocchoris manuselalis Rothschild, 1915 (from Indonesia)
Bocchoris marucalis (Druce, 1895) (from Costa Rica)
Bocchoris nuclealis de Joannis, 1927 (Mozambique)
Bocchoris placitalis Schaus, 1912 (from Costa Rica)
Bocchoris pulverealis Hampson, 1898 (Java)
Bocchoris rufiflavalis Hampson, 1912 (from Madagascar)
Bocchoris telphusalis (Walker, 1859) (from Borneo and India)
Bocchoris tenera Butler, 1883 (from southern Asia)
Bocchoris trimaculalis (Snellen, 1880)
Bocchoris triumphalis (C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
Bocchoris trivitralis C. Swinhoe, 1895 (from India)

Former species
Bocchoris acamalis (Walker)
Bocchoris amphipeda (Meyrick, 1939)
Bocchoris approprialis Dyar, 1914
Bocchoris artificalis (Lederer, 1863)
Bocchoris danalis Hampson, 1893
Bocchoris densalis Dyar, 1914
Bocchoris differentialis Dyar, 1914
Bocchoris edaphodrepta Dyar, 1914
Bocchoris gueyraudi (Guillermet, 2003)
Bocchoris hohaelis Dyar, 1914
Bocchoris incisalis Snellen, 1880
Bocchoris insipidalis (Lederer, 1863)
Bocchoris invidiosa Dyar, 1914
Bocchoris nacobora Dyar, 1914
Bocchoris onychinalis (Guenée, 1854)
Bocchoris rhehabalis Dyar, 1914
Bocchoris rotundalis Hampson, 1893
Bocchoris sparsalis Dyar, 1914
Bocchoris terealis Walker, 1859

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Frederic Moore


Bocchoropsis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Bocchoropsis pharaxalis (Druce, 1895)
Bocchoropsis plenilinealis (Dyar, 1917)

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Hans Georg Amsel


Boeotarcha is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Boeotarcha albotermina Hampson, 1913
Boeotarcha caeruleotincta Hampson, 1918
Boeotarcha cunealis Warren, 1892
Boeotarcha divisa (T. P. Lucas, 1894)
Boeotarcha martinalis (Walker, 1859)
Boeotarcha taenialis (Snellen, 1880)

References

 Boeotarcha at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

Odontiinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick


Colin Edward Webb  (born 9 December 1937) is a British physicist and former professor at the University of Oxford, specialising in lasers.

Education
Webb was educated at the University of Nottingham (BSc) and Oriel College, Oxford (DPhil).

Career
After working at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, Webb returned to Oxford as a research fellow in physics at the Clarendon Laboratory in 1968, and was appointed to a university lectureship in 1971, becoming reader in 1990 and professor in 1992.  He served as head of Atomic and Laser Physics from 1995 to 1999, and became an emeritus professor in 2002.  Jesus College, Oxford appointed him to a Fellowship in 1973; he became a senior research fellow in 1988 and an emeritus fellow in 2005.  Webb has supervised more than 35 DPhil students.  In 1977, he founded Oxford Lasers a company that began as a manufacturer of high-power copper lasers and that today focuses on high-speed imaging and laser micro-machining technology.

Research
Webb is considered a pioneer in British laser research and has made significant contributions in the areas of hollow cathode metal-vapor lasers,
 copper vapor lasers, high-power copper vapor laser-pumped dye lasers,  and excimer lasers.  His work on hollow-cathode metal-vapor lasers led to the discovery of numerous new laser transition in the visible spectrum.

His publications include (as editor in chief) Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications (2003) as well as various papers on lasers and laser mechanisms in academic journals and specialized books. He has also co-authored a textbook in laser physics in 2010, with Simon Hooker of Oxford.

Awards and honours
Webb was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 2000.  He was awarded the Duddell Medal and Prize (now called the Gabor Medal and Prize) in 1985 by the Institute of Physics and delivered the Paterson Lecture of the Royal Society in 1999. He won the Richard Glazebrook Medal and Prize in 2001.

He is a Fellow of the Optical Society of America  and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1991 He is also a Fellow of the Institute of Physics.

References

Living people
1937 births
British physicists
English physicists
Experimental physicists
Optical physicists
Laser researchers
Scientists at Bell Labs
Alumni of the University of Nottingham
Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford
Fellows of Jesus College, Oxford
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of Optica (society)
Members of the Order of the British Empire


Botyodes is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Botyodes andrinalis Viette, 1958
Botyodes asialis Guenée, 1854
Botyodes borneensis Munroe, 1960
Botyodes brachytorna Hampson, 1912
Botyodes crocopteralis Hampson, 1899
Botyodes diniasalis (Walker, 1859)
Botyodes fraterna Moore, 1888
Botyodes fulviterminalis Hampson, 1898
Botyodes principalis Leech, 1889
Botyodes rufalis Hampson, 1896

Former species
Botyodes flavibasalis Moore, 1867
Botyodes inconspicua Moore, 1888

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Achille Guenée


The Cockerham bribery case involved the investigation and subsequent trials of United States Army contracting officers and their family members who were accused of accepting bribes in return for steering multimillion-dollar contracts to companies providing services for the US Army in Iraq and Kuwait between 2004 and 2007.  The alleged ringleader of the accused officers was US Army Major John L. Cockerham, who was sentenced to 17 and 1/2 years in prison for accepting bribes from Army contractors.  The contracts, mainly for bottled water, involved at least three US Army contracting officers, two of their family members, six companies from India, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the United States, and up to $15 million in bribe money.

Background
Just prior to and during the Iraq War, US Army contracting officers were stationed in Kuwait and Iraq and were charged with contracting for services to support the Army's operations in theater.  Contracts for food, water, shelter, and other living essentials, and gravel and chain link fencing were made with numerous US and international companies.  By 2007, the US Army had spent $30 billion on contracts to support operations in Iraq.

In 2006, the US Army's Criminal Investigation Command (CID), the Defense Criminal Investigative Service, the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction, and the FBI began investigating reports of irregularities and corruption involved in the contract operations.  Included in the probe were the $10 billion in contracts awarded by the army's Kuwait-based contracting office.

Investigation and charges
The probe quickly focused on contracting officer Major Gloria D. Davis.  On December 11, 2006 CID agents questioned Davis at Camp Victory near the Baghdad International Airport (BIAP) after $225,000 was discovered in offshore accounts under her name.  According to investigators, the money came from bribes paid to Davis by Kuwait-based Lee Dynamics International, operated by an American contractor named George Lee. That night, after admitting that the money came from bribes, Davis committed suicide.

Following up on leads discovered during the investigation on Davis, investigators' attention was drawn to contracting officer Major John Cockerham.  That same month, investigators raided Cockerham's Fort Sam Houston home and discovered a ledger detailing $30 million in kickbacks that the officer expected to receive for steering contracts to certain companies.

On July 22, 2007, Cockerham and his wife, Melissa, were arrested.  Three days later, Cockerham's sister, Carolyn Blake, was arrested and charged with helping Cockerham collect $3.1 million in bribes.  All three were indicted on August 22, 2007 for conspiracy to commit fraud and bribery, conspiracy to obstruct justice and money-laundering conspiracy.  The following month investigators recovered $900,000 in bribe money that had been paid to Cockerham.

Prosecutors stated that Melissa and Blake traveled to Kuwait to collect the bribe money and deposited the money into safety deposit boxes.  Later, the money was moved into off-shore bank accounts.  As of March 2009, only some of the money had been recovered.  Prosecutors stated that it appeared that co-conspirators overseas or other Cockerham relatives in the US were hiding the money.

In November 2007, retired US Army sergeant Terry Hall of Atlanta, Georgia was arrested and charged with bribing Cockerham.  Hall's companies, Allied Arms Co. Ltd owned by Shahir Nabeeh Fawzi Audah, Total Government Allegiance/Freedom Consulting & Catering, and US Eagles Services Corp, were reportedly steered contracts in return for the bribes.  Hall pleaded guilty on February 17, 2010 to multiple counts of bribery, conspiracy, money-laundering and wire fraud.  He agreed to forfeit $80.7 million seized by the US government from Hall's offshore accounts.  Hall was sentenced to 39 months in 2012.

On May 27, 2011, federal indictments were unsealed against American businessmen George H. Lee, Jr. and his son, Justin W. Lee of Lee Dynamics International.  The two were charged with bribing US Army contracting officers, probably including Davis and Cockerham, with airline tickets, spa vacations and more than $1 million in cash to secure contracts.  George Lee, who was the CEO of both companies, was sentenced to 54 months in prison in July 2015 for one count of bribery.   In addition, the US federal government blocked 120 other individuals and/or their companies from entering into contracts with the US government.

Convictions
On February 1, 2008 John Cockerham pleaded guilty to bribery, money laundering and conspiracy to commit bribery and Melissa Cockerham pleaded guilty to money laundering.  On December 2, 2009 John Cockerham was sentenced to 17½ years in prison and fined $9.6 million, the total amount that he had reportedly received from bribes.

In August 2008, as a result of a related investigation, Army Major James Momon, 37, pleaded guilty to taking $5.8 million in bribes, of which he kept $1.6 million with the rest going to Cockerham.  Melissa's sister, Carolyn Blake, pleaded guilty to one count of money laundering conspiracy on March 18, 2009.  Blake admitted she expected to keep 10 percent of the money she collected.  Another colleague of Cockerham's, former US Army Major Christopher H. Murray, 41, pleaded guilty to receiving $245,000 in kickbacks from Kuwait contracts.  In November of 2012, Momon was sentenced to eighteen months.   In December 2009 Murray was sentenced to four years, nine months in prison.

Government documents showed that in addition to Hall's companies, other contractors involved included Dewa Projects Private Ltd from India, Lee Dynamics International from Saudi Arabia, and Kamal Mustafa Al-Sultan Co (KMS) of Kuwait.

As part of the investigation into Cockerham, federal investigators have begun a probe of retired Army Colonel Anthony B. Bell.  Bell ran the Army's contracting office in Baghdad during the early stages of the Iraq War.  Another Cockerham colleague, former US Army Major Eddie Pressley, 39, was charged with accepting $2.8 million in bribes at Camp Arifjan.  Eddie Pressley was sentenced to 144 months, while his wife Eurica Pressley received 72 months.

In a related case, in December 2009, former DoD civilian employee Tijani Ahmed Saani, 53, was sentenced to nine years in prison and ordered to pay a $1.6 million fine and $816,485 in restitution to the Internal Revenue Service for accepting bribes and tax evasion.  Saani had worked with Cockerham at Camp Arifjan, Kuwait in 2004 and 2005.  Saani admitted that he could not explain how he earned $3.6 million in income during that time.  Saani had deposited the money in bank accounts in Ghana, Switzerland, the Jersey Channel Islands, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.

In March 2010, retired US Army Colonel Kevin A. Davis agreed to plead guilty to taking more than $50,000 in bribes from George H. Lee in exchange for helping Lee's company, American Logistics Services, win a contract to operate warehouses for the Army in Iraq.  After retiring in 2005, Davis became a senior executive for another company owned by Lee, Lee Dynamics International (LDI), based in Kuwait.  LDI has since been banned from working any contracts with the US government and Lee has been indicted by US prosecutors.

On 1 March 2011, a federal jury convicted Major Eddie Pressley and his wife, Eurica Gaston Pressley.  The two were charged with taking $2.8 million in bribes in the Cockerham case, including $1.5 million from United Arab Emirates-based importer Ohio Foodstuffs Trading.  On 5 January 2012, Eddie Pressley was sentenced to 12 years and prison and was ordered to forfeit $21 million, land, a vacation resort timeshare, and two vehicles.

In a related case, former US Army major Charles J. Bowie Jr pleaded guilty to one count of money-laundering on 11 May 2011.  In 2011, Justin W. Lee, the son of George H. Lee, also pleaded guilty.  In a related case, retired U.S. Army sergeant Terry Hall was sentenced on 20 March 2012 to 39 months in prison and will forfeit millions in cash and property acquired through the bribery and money-laundering.  Hall had acted as a go-between with Cockerham and Momon while the crimes were committed.

In a related case, on 25 June 2012 Army Sergeant 1st Class Richard Evick of Parsons, West Virginia, and Crystal Martin, a former master sergeant from Pontiac, Michigan, were convicted of 17 counts including bribery and money laundering.  While at Camp Arifjan in 2005 and 2006, Evick accepted $170,000 in bribes from two defense contractors.  Martin then laundered the money through bank accounts in Kuwait and the US.

References

Further reading

Corruption in the United States
21st-century history of the United States Army
Bribery scandals
2000s in the United States
United States military scandals
Military logistics of the United States


Bradina is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Bradina aaronalis Schaus, 1924
Bradina adhaesalis (Walker, 1859)
Bradina admixtalis (Walker, 1859)
Bradina agraphalis (Guenée, 1854)
Bradina albigenitalis Hampson, 1917
Bradina angusta (Butler, 1882)
Bradina angustalis Yamanaka, 1984
Bradina antenoralis (Walker, 1859)
Bradina argentata (Butler, 1887)
Bradina atralis (Pagenstecher, 1907)
Bradina atopalis (Walker, 1858)
Bradina aulacodialis Strand, 1919
Bradina aurata (Butler, 1887)
Bradina aureolalis de Joannis, 1899
Bradina bicoloralis Hampson, 1896
Bradina carterotoxa Meyrick, 1932
Bradina cauvinalis Legrand, 1966
Bradina ceramica Rothschild, 1915
Bradina chalcophaea Meyrick, 1932
Bradina chalinota (Meyrick, 1886)
Bradina chlorionalis Tams, 1935
Bradina chloroscia (Meyrick, 1886)
Bradina cirrhophanes Meyrick, 1932
Bradina costalis Hampson, 1907
Bradina dentalis Hampson, 1907
Bradina desumptalis (Walker, 1866)
Bradina diagonalis (Guenée, 1854)
Bradina emphasis J. F. G. Clarke, 1986
Bradina eremica J. F. G. Clarke, 1986
Bradina erilitalis (C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
Bradina erilitoides Strand, 1919
Bradina eucentra (Meyrick, 1937)
Bradina extenuatalis (Walker, 1865)
Bradina fidelia J. F. G. Clarke, 1986
Bradina finbaralis Schaus, 1924
Bradina flavalis (Hampson, 1917)
Bradina geminalis Caradja, 1927
Bradina glaucinalis Hampson, 1907
Bradina haplomorpha Meyrick, 1932
Bradina hemmingalis
Bradina impressalis Lederer, 1863
Bradina intermedialis Caradja, 1932
Bradina itysalis Viette, 1957
Bradina leopoldi Ghesquière, 1942
Bradina leptolopha Tams, 1935
Bradina leucura Hampson, 1897
Bradina liodesalis (Walker, 1859)
Bradina macaralis (Walker, 1859)
Bradina mannusalis (Walker, 1859)
Bradina megesalis (Walker, 1859)
Bradina melanoperas Hampson, 1896
Bradina metaleucalis Walker, 1865
Bradina miantodes Meyrick, 1932
Bradina modestalis (Lederer, 1863)
Bradina neuralis Hampson, 1907
Bradina nigripunctalis South in Leech & South, 1901
Bradina opacusalis Swinhoe, 1904
Bradina paeonialis (Druce, 1902)
Bradina parallela (Meyrick, 1886)
Bradina parbattoides Tams, 1935
Bradina perlucidalis Hampson, 1897
Bradina pionealis Snellen, 1890
Bradina plagalis (Moore, 1867)
Bradina planalis (Swinhoe, 1894)
Bradina postbicoloralis Rothschild, 1915
Bradina pumilialis Hampson, 1907
Bradina punctilinealis Hampson, 1907
Bradina purpurascens Hampson, 1907
Bradina pycnolopha Tams, 1935
Bradina rectilinealis South in Leech & South, 1901
Bradina remipes Hampson, 1897
Bradina selectalis Lederer, 1863
Bradina semnopa (Meyrick, 1886)
Bradina sordidalis (Dewitz, 1881)
Bradina stigmophanes Meyrick, 1932
Bradina stricta J. F. G. Clarke, 1986
Bradina subpurpurescens (Warren, 1896)
Bradina tormentifera Meyrick, 1929
Bradina translinealis Hampson, 1896
Bradina trigonalis Yamanaka, 1984
Bradina trispila (Meyrick, 1886)
Bradina xanthalis Hampson, 1917

References

Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Julius Lederer


Brevicella is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Brevicella emarginata, which is found in New Guinea.

References

Acentropinae
Crambidae genera
Monotypic moth genera
Taxa named by George Hamilton Kenrick


Brihaspa is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

Species
Brihaspa abacodes Meyrick, 1933
Brihaspa atrostigmella Moore, 1867
Brihaspa autocratica Meyrick, 1933
Brihaspa chrysostomus Zeller, 1852
Brihaspa frontalis (Walker, 1866)
Brihaspa nigropunctella Pagenstecher, 1893

References

Schoenobiinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Frederic Moore


Burathema is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Burathema divisa, which is found on Borneo.

References

Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)


Burmannia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Burmannia marmorellus, which is found in China (Sichuan).

References

Crambinae
Taxa described in 1901


Alfred H. Hall was a footballer who played one game as a forward for Burslem Port Vale in March 1906.

Career
Hall joined Burslem Port Vale in January 1906. His Second Division debut came in a 4–0 defeat at Bristol City on 17 March. He was never picked again, and Port Vale released him at the end of the season.

Career statistics
Source:

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Port Vale F.C. players
English Football League players
Place of birth missing


Richard Hunter Gilstrap, Jr. (born April 17, 1983 in Asheville, North Carolina) is an American retired soccer player. He played professionally in the Us and Africa. He most recently served as the goalkeeping coach for USL Championship club Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC, who he played with for six years. He is the son of Rick Gilstrap, and Kiki Kirkland Gilstrap, and married to Kelly Gilstrap.

Career

Youth and amateur
Gilstrap grew up in Lexington, South Carolina, attended Lexington High School, played club soccer for the NECSA (now South Carolina United FC) Galaxy, and played college soccer at Clemson University and at the College of Charleston, where he registered a 1.16 goals allowed average (GAA) and 4 shutouts during his senior season.

During his college years Gilstrap also played with the Greenville Lions in the USL Premier Development League.

Professional
Gilstrap was drafted with the 13th overall pick in the 2006 USL-1 draft by Miami FC, and spent the season playing in the USL First Division, making five first team appearances and playing in international friendlies against teams from Spain, Brazil and Guatemala.

He transferred to the expansion Cleveland City Stars in 2007, and immediately became a fan-favorite, appearing in 20 regular season games in 2 seasons with the team, and helping them to the USL Second Division championship in 2008.

After spending the 2008-09 USL offseason playing in the South African Premier Soccer League with Maritzburg United, Gilstrap re-signed with Cleveland for a third season on April 22, 2009.

Gilstrap captained the Stars in their first USL First Division campaign in 2009. Despite their last place finish, Gilstrap finished among the top 7 goalkeepers in the league in 4 statistical categories, including saves and shutouts. He was also awarded the Stars' Community Leadership Player of the Year Award for his work with the club and community during the season.

Gilstrap played the 2010 season with the Pittsburgh Riverhounds of the USL Second Division. The team finished in 3rd place after losing to the Richmond Kickers in the semifinals of the USL-2 Playoffs. Gilstrap won the 2010 USL-2 Goalkeeper of the Year Award  and was voted First Team All-league for his efforts during the campaign. On February 9, 2011, Gilstrap signed a two-year contract extension with Pittsburgh. On 18 February 2013, Gilstrap signed another 2-year extension to play through with the Riverhounds through the 2014 USL Pro season.

On January 8, 2015, Gilstrap signed with the Carolina RailHawks for the 2015 season.

Gilstrap returned to Pittsburgh on January 7, 2016.

References

External links
 InfoSport 2006 Pro Soccer Combine profile

Living people
1983 births
Sportspeople from Asheville, North Carolina
American men's soccer players
Soccer players from North Carolina
American expatriate men's soccer players
Clemson Tigers men's soccer players
Charleston Cougars men's soccer players
Cleveland City Stars players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Greenville Lions players
Maritzburg United F.C. players
Fort Lauderdale Strikers (2006–2016) players
Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC players
North Carolina FC players
Charlotte Independence players
USL First Division players
USL Second Division players
USL League Two players
USL Championship players
North American Soccer League (2011–2017) players
Soccer players from South Carolina
People from Lexington, South Carolina


David Maurice (1626–1702), also known as Dafydd Morris or Dafydd ap Morus, was a Welsh Anglican priest and translator.

Life
Maurice, the son of Andrew Morris, the Dean of St Asaph in north Wales, was educated at Jesus College, Oxford and New College, Oxford.  After his ordination, he obtained various church positions in Wales, including becoming a canon of St Asaph in 1666.  At the time of his death in 1702, he was vicar of Abergele, Betws-yn-Rhos and Llanarmon-yn-Iâl.  He translated into Welsh and published two works written by Theophilus Dorrington, as well as a The Promised Reed; a sermon preach'd … for the support of weak Christians (1700).

References

1626 births
1702 deaths
17th-century Welsh Anglican priests
Welsh translators
English–Welsh translators
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
17th-century translators


The Zhejiang and Fujian Meeting Hall
() is a historical Qing- Dynasty building in the City of Jinan, Shandong Province, China. It served as a meeting hall for traders form Zhejiang and Fujian living in Jinan and is the last remaining structure of its kind in the city. It illustrates the importance of Jinan as a trading center in the second half of the 19th century.

Historical background

The city of Jinan has been one of the major transportation and trading
centers in the north of China for long time, particularly so after the
Yellow River shifted its bed to the immediate north of the city in
1852. As a consequence, traders from other regions of China came to
Jinan and established their businesses there. Groups of traders from
the same home region set up meeting halls in order to make themselves
feel at home, provide a convenient location for their business
activities, foster collaboration among themselves, and protect their
common business interests. In total, Jinan had more than 10 meeting
halls for traders from regions over the country. Over the years most
of these buildings were either converted to serve other purposes,
deteriorated, or were torn down. The meeting hall of the traders from
Zhejiang (abbreviated as "Zhe" () in the hall's Chinese name) and Fujian (abbreviated as "Min" () in the hall's Chinese name) is the last existing meeting hall in
Jinan. It was established in 1873 during the late Qing Dynasty by
a trader from Fujian who also held a government office. Since losing its
function as a meeting hall, the building has been used as a boarding house, a morgue, as storage for
old books (1960's) and as a factory building (1970's). The building was declared a key historical
site by the City of Jinan in 1979. On October 16, 2007, the renovated hall was reopen as a center where senior citizens can practice arts such as calligraphy and painting.

Architectural layout

The meeting hall served as a gathering place on every major
festival. On these occasions, the traders from Fujian and Zhejiang
would use it for religious observances, to discuss business, to dine,
and to attend theater performances.

The meeting hall has a wooden framework supported by large wooden
pillars. Overall the building complex is about 80 meters deep and 30 meters wide
. Its roof is covered with small green tiles. Originally,
the hall had two gates, a north gate leading to the Kuan Hou Suo Alley
and a south gate leading to the Southern Ma Dao Jie (now renamed to
"Black Tiger Spring West Road"). The north gate has been closed off in
1956, since then, since then only the south gate is being used. The
meeting hall has two main halls, one located directly behind the gate
house of the southern entrance gate and the theater hall right to the
north of it. The two halls are separated by a wooden screen that can
be opened to create one big hall to accommodate large functions. The
theater hall is supported by six pillars and consists of five
half-open rooms. The stage (approximately 6 meters wide and 4 meters deep) is located to the north of the hall with
seating areas arranged along the east, west, and south sides of the
hall. Wooden staircases lead up to the first floor on the east and
west sides of the hall. Behind the stage lies a small changing room
for the actors.

Location

The Zhejiang and Fujian Traders Meeting Hall is located in Lixia
District, within the historical city center of Jinan, north of the
southern city moat. It geographical coordinates are  and its postal address is: Black Tiger Spring West Road Number 23 (),
Lixia District, Jinan.

See also
List of sites in Jinan

References

Buildings and structures in Shandong


Charlie Murphy's Crash Comedy is a web sketch comedy series of four-to-five-minute episodes, created by Charlie Murphy and consisting of sketches, parodies and infomercials. Crash Comedy is a production of Iron Weeds Productions and is distributed by Sony Pictures Television. Co-starring with Murphy are Donnell Rawlings and Freez Luv. The series premiered on March 16, 2009, on the streaming platform Crackle, with new episodes uploaded each Friday until June 12.

History
Murphy became well known as a comedian after appearing on Chappelle's Show (with his Crash Comedy co-star Donnell Rawlings). One of his sketches, "Charlie Murphy's True Hollywood Stories" involved him telling and acting out stories involving various celebrities. Since Chappelle's Show ended in 2006, Murphy felt like no other sketch show was filling the void that was left by the show's exit. He believed Crash Comedy would, saying it's "sketch comedy without restrictions."

Cast
Charlie Murphy
Donnell Rawlings
Freez Luv
Jay Pharoah

Episodes

Season 1

References

External links
 Charlie Murphy's Crash Comedy

American comedy web series


Henry Maurice (1634 – 30 July 1682) was a Welsh Anglican priest who became an Independent minister.

Personal life
Maurice was born in 1634 in the parish of Aberdaron, Wales, the son of Griffith Morris. He married Elin, daughter of Jeffrey Glynn, a Royalist squire. He died aged 48.

Career
Maurice was educated at Jesus College, Oxford.  He was ordained and in 1661 served after the Restoration as vicar of Bromfield, Shropshire, and rector of Mellteyrn, Caernarfonshire.  After becoming rector of Church Stretton in 1668, he had by June 1671 become a Dissenter, preaching widely in Shropshire and Wales.  He has been described as "one of the most virile Puritan propagators of the second generation." His industry and preaching led to the Independent churches in his area becoming numerically strong.  He died on 30 July 1682.

Financial and criminal acts
Maurice was briefly imprisoned in 1671 in Shrewsbury prison on a charge of debt. Following this, he moved to Much Wenlock. Maurice took action immediately following the Declaration of Indulgence of 1672 by taking out licenses for three houses. He then preached without a license at Stretton and Brecknock. He continued to preach in unlicensed places on his journey to his home region of Llŷn.

See also
J. E. Griffith, Pedigrees of Anglesey and Carnarvonshire Families, 1914, 271;

Richards, ‘Puritan Visitation of Jesus College, Oxford’, in The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, 1922-3, 90-2;

Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, Record Publication, 1656, 252;

References

1634 births
1682 deaths
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
People from Aberdaron
17th-century Welsh Anglican priests


George Cadogan Morgan (1754 - 17 November 1798) was a Welsh dissenting minister and scientist.

Life
He was born in 1754 at Bridgend, Glamorganshire, the second son of William Morgan, a surgeon practising in that town, by his wife Sarah, sister of Dr. Richard Price. William Morgan, the pioneer of actuarial science, was his elder brother. George was educated at Cowbridge grammar school and, for a time, at Jesus College, Oxford, whence he matriculated 10 October 1771.

An intention of taking holy orders in the Church of England was abandoned, owing to the death of his father and the poverty of his family. His religious views also changed, and he soon became, under the guidance of his uncle, Richard Price, a student at the dissenting academy at Hoxton, where he remained for several years.

In 1776, he settled as Unitarian minister at Norwich, where it is said that his advanced opinions exposed him to much annoyance from the clergy of the town. He was subsequently minister at Yarmouth for 1785–6, but moved to Hackney early in 1787, and became associated with Dr. Price in starting New College at Hackney, where he acted as tutor until 1791.

In 1789, accompanied by three friends, he set out on a tour through France, and his letters to his wife descriptive of the journey are still preserved. He was in Paris at the storming of the Bastille, and is supposed to have been the first to communicate the news to England. He sympathised with the revolution in its earlier stages, and held very optimistic views as to human progress, believing that the mind could be so developed as to receive, by intuition, knowledge which is now attainable only through research. In 1791, following the death of Dr Price, he hoped for his position as preacher at the Gravel-pit meeting-house at Hackney, but, unsuccessful, he retired to Southgate, a village a few miles to the north. There he undertook the education of private pupils, and met with much success.

Morgan gained a high reputation as a scientific writer, his best-known work being his Lectures on Electricity, which he had delivered to the students at Hackney. In these he foreshadowed several of the discoveries of subsequent scientific men. In chemistry, he was an advocate of the opinions of Stahl in opposition to those of Lavoisier, and was engaged upon a work on the subject at the time of his death.

In 1785, he communicated to the Royal Society a paper containing 'Observations and Experiments on the Light of Bodies in a state of Combustion'. He was also the author of 'Directions for the use of a Scientific Table in the Collection and Application of Knowledge, . . . with a Life of the Author'. This contains an elaborate table for the systematisation of all knowledge. He also made considerable progress in writing the memoirs of Dr. Richard Price.

He died on 17 November 1798 of a fever contracted, it was supposed, while making a chemical experiment in which he inhaled some poison.

Family
By his wife, Nancy Hurry of Yarmouth, he had seven sons and one daughter, Sarah, wife of Luke Ashburner of Bombay, who was a prominent figure in Bombay society.
Two of the sons, William Ashburner Morgan and Edward Morgan, successively became solicitors to the East India Company, while most of the others settled in America, where the eldest, Richard Price Morgan, was connected with railroad and other engineering works.

References

Attribution

Sources

1754 births
1798 deaths
Welsh Protestant ministers and clergy
Welsh scientists
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
People educated at Cowbridge Grammar School
18th-century Protestant religious leaders
18th-century Welsh people
Welsh Unitarians
18th-century Welsh scientists
18th-century Welsh clergy


Nicholas Owen (2 January 1752 – 30 May 1811) was a Welsh Anglican priest and antiquarian.

Life
Owen, who was born in Llandyfrydog, Anglesey (where his father was the rector of St Tyfrydog's Church, Llandyfrydog), was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, obtaining his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1773 and his Master of Arts degree in 1776.  He was ordained as a priest in the Church of England and was a curate (possibly also a schoolmaster) in Winslow, Buckinghamshire by 1779, but resigned in 1789.  Cantankerous appeals to various bishops and influential layman to be given a parish in north Wales were initially unsuccessful, with Owen having to make a public apology to the Bishop of Bangor.  He was given the parish of Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog and Llanffinan in 1790, and became rector of Mellteyrn with Botwnnog in 1800.  He died on 30 May 1811 and was buried at Llandyfrydog.

Works
Owen wrote on various topics from Welsh history.  In 1788, his British Remains covered a number of subjects including a discussion of the claim that Prince Madoc discovered America and a biography of Edward Lhuyd.  Carnarvonshire: a Sketch of its History was published in 1792, and he may have been the author of the anonymous A History of the Island of Anglesey, with Memoirs of Owen Glendower (1775), although other names have been put forward.

References

1752 births
1811 deaths
18th-century Welsh Anglican priests
Welsh antiquarians
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
People from Anglesey


Wendy Marjorie Edmond, née Wood (born 27 April 1946) is a former Australian politician. Born in Bundaberg, she was a nuclear medicine technologist before entering politics. She was also a member of Amnesty International and the Wildlife Preservation Society, and had served as president of the Rainsworth Branch of the Labor Party. She married university lecturer David Edmond on 30 December 1972. In 1989, she was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Queensland for Mount Coot-tha. When Labor won government in 1998, she was appointed Minister for Health, and in 2001 was given additional responsibility for Women's Policy. Edmond retired from politics at the 2004 state election.

References

1946 births
Living people
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Queensland
21st-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian women politicians
Women members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly


James Kirkham was a footballer who played one game in the Football League for Burslem Port Vale in September 1895.

Career
Kirkham joined Football League Second Division side Burslem Port Vale in August 1895. He made only one appearance, in a 2–1 defeat at Burton Wanderers on 21 September 1895 before being released from the Athletic Ground at the end of the season.

Career statistics
Source:

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
English men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Port Vale F.C. players
English Football League players
Place of birth missing


The Griffon Fauve de Bretagne (English: Fawn Brittany Griffon) is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France in the region of Brittany.

Appearance
The Griffon Fauve de Bretagne is a medium-sized dog, 48 to 56 cm (19-22 ins, same for males and females) at the withers, with a distinctive rough (shaggy) pale coat, long drop ears, and a long tail carried up and in a slight curve. The body is short backed. The breed should appear bony and muscular. Colour of the coat can be any shade of fawn from golden to red.

History
Grand Fauve de Bretagnes were used in packs for hunting wolves and wild boar, and Francois I was known to keep a pack. With the elimination of wolves in the 19th century, they nearly became extinct and examples were crossed with Briquet Griffon Vendéens to create the smaller Griffon Fauve de Bretagne.

In 1949, Marcel Pambrun founded the Club de Fauve de Bretagne to save the remains of the breed that had been kept alive by a few farmers and hunters. Since the 1980s, the Griffon Fauve de Bretagne and the derived breed, the Basset Fauve de Bretagne, have been successfully restored in numbers and are popular hunting dogs.

The breed is a good hunting dog, still used in France to hunt boar, but is also a good family dog. Examples of the Griffon Fauve have been exported to other countries, where they are promoted as a rare breed for those seeking a unique pet.

Health and temperament
No unusual health problems or claims of extraordinary health have been documented for this breed. The breed's ideal temperament is described in the breed standard as being wily and tenacious as a hunter on all terrains, but sociable and affectionate with people. Temperament of individual dogs may vary.

See also
 Dogs portal
 List of dog breeds
 Dog terminology
 Griffon Bleu de Gascogne
 Basset Fauve de Bretagne
 Anglo French and French Hounds

References

External links
 Search The Open Directory Project (DMOZ) links for clubs and information about the Griffon Fauve de Bretagne

Dog breeds originating in France
FCI breeds

Rare dog breeds
Scent hounds