The 1901–02 season was the third season for FC Barcelona.

Events
The first game of the season was a friendly against Hispania AC which ended in a 1–0 victory thanks to a goal from Joan Gamper. The following game was the first at camp de la Carretera d'Horta, and Gamper contributed decisively once again with a hat-trick to help his side to a 4–0 win over the crew of Calliope.

A few months later, Barça won the first official piece of silverware, the 1901–02 Copa Macaya. In the eight games played in the tournament, Barça only conceded two goals, in a 2–4 win over Hispania on 6 January 1902, and scored a resounding 60 goals, 15 of which came on the final matchday in a 15–0 victory over Català SC on 23 March 1902, with Udo Steinberg netting 6 goals, and Joan Gamper and Arthur Leask clutching a hat-trick each.

Coinciding with the festivities of the coronation of King Alfonso XIII, the president of the recently established Madrid FC, the Catalan Juan Padrós, had the idea of organizing the first national championship, the Copa de la Coronación. It was contested in Madrid, and five teams participated: Barça, Club Español (now RCD Espanyol), Madrid FC (now Real Madrid), New Club and Club Vizcaya. The competition featured the first recorded game between Barcelona and Madrid FC on 13 May 1902, with the Blaugrana emerging as 3–1 winners, courtesy of goals from Steinberg and Gamper. Barça reached the final of the championship, where they were defeated by Bizcaya 2–1.

Squad

Matches

 1 Eckes, played his last game for the club as a goalkeeper.
 2 Second match for Barcelona on the same day.

External links
  Official Site

References

FC Barcelona seasons
Barcelona
Bar


Abdullah Al-Deayea (, born 1 December 1961) is a retired Saudi Arabian professional football goalkeeper who played for Al-Tai and Al-Hilal. He is the elder brother of the former goalkeeper Mohamed Al-Deayea and the father of Bader Al-Deayea and Sultan Al-Deayea. Mohamed started off as a handball player and came to football at the age of 15 as a striker, following the advice of Abdullah.

Honours

Al-Tai
Saudi First Division: 1984–85
Saudi Second Division: 1976–77

Al-Hilal
Saudi Premier League: 1995–96
Saudi Crown Prince Cup: 1995
Saudi Federation Cup: 1992–93, 1995–96
Asian Cup Winners' Cup: 1996–97
Arab Club Champions Cup: 1994, 1995

Saudi Arabia
AFC Asian Cup: 1984, 1988

References

External links

1961 births
Living people
1984 AFC Asian Cup players
1988 AFC Asian Cup players
AFC Asian Cup-winning players
Saudi Arabia men's international footballers
Saudi Arabian men's footballers
Olympic footballers for Saudi Arabia
Footballers at the 1984 Summer Olympics
People from Ha'il
Al-Tai FC players
Al Hilal SFC players
Saudi Pro League players
Asian Games medalists in football
Footballers at the 1982 Asian Games
Footballers at the 1990 Asian Games
Asian Games bronze medalists for Saudi Arabia
Men's association football goalkeepers
Medalists at the 1982 Asian Games
20th-century Saudi Arabian people


WVLZ (106.1 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Oliver Springs, Tennessee, and serving the Knoxville metropolitan area.  It is owned by Loud Media and airs an active rock radio format.  In morning drive time, the station carries "The Woody and Wilcox Show," syndicated from WEND Charlotte.

WVLZ is a Class A station, with an effective radiated power of 190 watts. The studios are on the fifth floor of the Sunsphere in Knoxville.

History
The station signed on the air in .  Its original call sign was WJRV.  The station aired a hot adult contemporary music format branded as "106.1 The River".

On May 27, 2020, it was announced that the station was to be acquired by Loud Media.

On June 26, 2020, Loud Media launched "106.1 VLZ" with an active rock format.

The station changed call letters on July 1, 2020 to WVLZ

References

External links
VLZ's website

VLZ (FM)
Radio stations established in 2009
2009 establishments in Tennessee
Active rock radio stations in the United States


Jurica Grabušić (born 28 March 1983) is a Croatian athlete who specializes in the 110 metre hurdles. A double Olympic competitor (2004, 2008) in his event, he also participated in bobsleigh at the 2006 Olympic Games.

Early career
He was born in Zagreb, and joined the sports club Hrvatski Akademski Atletski Klub Mladost, the athletics section of Mladost. He took his first of several national titles in 2001, both outdoors and indoors.

As a junior athlete he made his international debut at the 2000 World Junior Championships, where he failed to progress from the first round of the hurdles competition. At the 2002 World Junior Championships he placed sixth in the hurdles final, and also competed in the 100 metres event. He also competed at the 2002 European Indoor Championships and the 2002 European Championships without progressing from the first round. His personal best time by 2002 was 13.80 seconds.

Olympic career
The next season Grabušić lowered his personal best time to 13.54 seconds, achieved in July in Bydgoszcz. In 2004 he only ran in 13.79 seconds, but still competed in the 2004 Olympic Games, where he failed to reach the final round. In 2005 he won the bronze medal at the 2005 Mediterranean Games.

From then, Grabušić concentrated on another sport – bobsleigh. He participated in the 2006 Olympic Games as a part of the national four-man bobsleigh team. The team also consisted of 44-year-old Ivan Šola, as well as two athletics sprinters, Slaven Krajačić and Dejan Vojnović. The bobsleigh team finished in 23rd place overall.

After a quiet year in 2007, Grabušić took up the hurdles again. He ran the distance in 13.72 seconds in June 2008 in Ljubljana to qualify for his third Olympic Games. He failed to progress to the second round of the hurdles event there, but at the 2009 European Indoor Championships he reached the semi-final. His personal best time in the 110 m hurdles is still 13.54 seconds. He also has 10.36 seconds in the 100 metres, achieved in June 2008 in Rijeka; and 6.71 seconds in the 60 metres, achieved in February 2008 in Zagreb.

References

1983 births
Living people
Croatian male hurdlers
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Croatia
Croatian male bobsledders
Bobsledders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic bobsledders for Croatia
Sportspeople from Zagreb
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Croatia
Athletes (track and field) at the 2005 Mediterranean Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2009 Mediterranean Games
Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics
21st-century Croatian people


Delphine Oggeri (born 1973) from Granier near Beaufort, Savoie, is a French ski mountaineer.

Selected results
 1999:
 1st, La Belle étoile race (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 1st, La Tournette race (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 2nd, European Championship team race (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 2nd, La Bellevarde race, Val-d'Isère
 3rd, European Cup race "Miage Contamines Somfy" (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 2000:
 1st, French Championship team race (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 1st, La Tournette race (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 1st, Miage Contamines Somfy race (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 1st, L'Ubayenne race (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 1st, European Cup race "Vacheressane" (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 1st, European Cup race in Bivio (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 2nd, European Cup race in Bormio (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 2nd, European Cup total team ranking (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 2nd, French national ranking
 2001:
 1st, French Championship team race (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 1st, French national ranking
 2nd, European Championship team race (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 2nd, European Cup total team ranking (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 2002:
 1st, World Championship team race (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 1st, Trophée des Gastlosen (together with Delpine Oggeri)
 2nd, World Championship combination ranking
 4th, World Championship single race
 2003:
 2nd, European Championship team race (together with Nathalie Bourillon and Véronique Lathuraz)
 4th, European Championship combination ranking
 6th, European Championship single race
 2004:
 2nd, World Championship relay race (together with Delpine Oggeri)
 4th, World Championship team race (together with Valérie Ducognon)
 5th, World Championship single race
 5th, World Championship combination ranking
 2005:
 1st, Pyramide d’Oz (together with Valérie Ducognon)

Pierra Menta

 1999: 5th, together with Valérie Ducognon
 2000: 2nd, together with Valérie Ducognon
 2001: 2nd, together with Valérie Ducognon
 2002: 1st, together with Valérie Ducognon
 2003: 1st, together with Valérie Ducognon
 2004: 3rd, together with Muriel Vaudey
 2005: 2nd, together with Valérie Ducognon
 2008: 5th, together with Valérie Ducognon

References

1973 births
Living people
French female ski mountaineers
World ski mountaineering champions
Sportspeople from Savoie
21st-century French women


Employeeship (or Medarbetarskap in Swedish) is an approach of developing a culture of ownership and responsibility in an organisation. The organisational philosophy has been adopted and researched, most notably in Sweden.

Employeeship is a process where traditional thinking in regards to leadership and subordination in hierarchy is abandoned. The traditional model is replaced by a mindset of partnership, a relationship where both managers and employees take ownership over their work situation. The main objective is to achieve a working environment that stimulates involvement among both employees and managers. Managers develop their skills in facilitation, involving, revealing, and learning to make better use of their employees’ knowledge, ideas, and initiative.

One of the insights that organisations embarking on this approach uncover is that the characteristics often expected and valued in leaders are identical to those of co-workers and colleagues. Therefore, an organisation that embarks on developing employeeship engages the whole workforce, not just the leadership community. Research shows an increase in levels of openness, honesty, taking responsibility, and community trustworthiness.

The Elements of Employeeship
The key to this approach is for teams to be able to have transparent conversations with their "leader" regarding things that are not normally discussed in the work setting, such as the meaning of loyalty, openness, and transparency; the meaning of work and how it fits in with our lives; relationships between us in the team; responsibility, accountability, and taking initiative; and the service we offer others.

Typically the discussions follow pre-designed questions so that deeper exploration can occur.

References

External links
 Case study of employeeship at Swedish Rail (SJ)

Human resource management


Sharmiela Mandre (born 28 October 1989) is an Indian actress and producer who primarily works in Kannada films. She made her acting debut with Sajni (2007) and then received success with Krishna, the same year. Mandre turned producer with the Tamil film Evanukku Engeyo Matcham Irukku (2018).

Post her debut, she received praises for the Kannada films Venkata in Sankata (2009) and Swayamvara (2010). She made her Tamil debut with Mirattal (2012) and Telugu debut with Kevvu Keka (2013). For the latter, she received SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Telugu nomination. Mandre's other notable work include Aake (2017) and Gaalipata 2 (2022).

Early life and background
Mandre was born on 28 October 1990 in Bangalore, Karnataka. Her father Dayananda Mandre is a businessman and a car-racing enthusiast. Her grandfather Ramananda Narayanrao Mandre was a film producer, distributor and the founder of Sangam Talkies, Bangalore. Mandre's paternal aunt Sunanda Murali Manohar, was a film producer. She completed her schooling from Sophia High School, Bangalore.

Career

Debut and early success (2007-2011)
Mandre made her film debut with Sajni in 2007, which was produced by her aunt Sunanda Murali Manohar. She portrayed a college student opposite Dhyan. Rediff.com noted, "Newcomer Sharmila rocks and has a bright future ahead for her." She had her first commercial success with the film Krishna opposite Ganesh. Rediff.com mentioned, "Sharmila, in her second film, proves that she is talented." Ee Bandhana was her final release of the year. In 2008, she appeared opposite Darshan in Navagraha and played a special role in Mast Maja Maadi.

She had two releases in 2009. She first appeared opposite Sriimurali in Shivamani. She then appeared in Venkata in Sankata alongside Devadas Kapikad and Ramesh Aravind. Rediff.com stated, "Sharmila Mandre manages to look pleasing on screen." In 2010, she first appeared opposite Diganth in Swayamvara. Deccan Herald said, "Sharmila is restrained and oozing glamour wherever required." She then appeared in Kari Chirathe opposite Duniya Vijay. In 2011, she appeared opposite Prem Kumar in Dhan Dhana Dhan.

Career expansion (2012-2017)
Mandre made her Tamil film debut with Mirattal, a remake of the Telugu film Dhee. She appeared opposite Vinay. She received positive critics review for her performance. In 2013, she made her Telugu film debut with Kevvu Keka opposite Allari Naresh. Times of India said, "Sharmeila Mandre's role makes for an enjoyable character." She received SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Telugu  nomination for her performance.

Mandre appeared opposite Tarun Chandra in Goa. Times of India noted, "Sharmiela Mandre steals the show with a graceful performance." In December 2014, it was announced that she was selected to play the protagonist in the Khalid Mohammed's directorial Katha, a remake of 1983 film of the same name, reprising Deepti Naval's role. But the film got scrapped. In 2015, she portrayed the titular role in Mumtaz, opposite Dharma Keerthiraj. It was a commercial success. The New Indian Express wrote, "Sharmiela Mandre looks pretty but does not bring any depth."

Mandre had two releases in 2017. She appeared opposite Chiranjeevi Sarja in Aake, a remake of Tamil film Maya (2015), playing a single mother. Deccan Chronicle noted, "Sharmiela Mandre 'scares' with her top-notch acting and the rest revolves around her." While, The News Minute stated, "Sharmiela Mandre is shining on screen." In the same year, she also portrayed a journalist in Shivarajkumar's Leader. She learned belly dancing for her role in the film.

Hiatus and recent work (2018-present)
Mandre took a hiatus of 4 years, from acting due to her production work. She made her screen comeback with Gaalipata 2 in 2022. She portrayed a teacher opposite Pawan Kumar. The Hindu mentioned, "Sharmila Mandre justify her character." The film was a commercial success.

Mandre will next appear in Mandala: The UFO Incident, alongside Anant Nag and Prakash Belawadi. She also has her productions Dasara with Sathish Ninasam in her kitty.

Personal life
Mandre changed her name from Sharmila Mandre to Sharmiela Mandre in 2013, adding an extra "e" to her name. She termed it as a personal choice.

In 2020, Mandre suffered injuries after the car that she was travelling crashed against a pillar in Bengaluru.

Other work and media image
Mandre started her own production house named Sharmiela Mandre Productions, in 2018. She has produced Tamil films Evanukku Engeyo Matcham Irukku (2018) and Naanum Single Thaan under her production house. She will next produce the upcoming films, which include the Tamil films Sandakkari and Kaadhal Konjam Thookala, and the Kannada film Dasara, in which she stars too.

Mandre ranked 10th in 2012 and 8th in 2014 in Bangalore Times' 25 Most Desirable Women List. In its 30 Most Desirable Women List of 2020, she ranked 20th.

Filmography

As actor
All films are in Kannada, unless otherwise noted.

As producer

Awards and nominations

See also
 List of Kannada film actresses

References

External links

Indian film actresses
Living people
Actresses in Kannada cinema
1990 births
Actresses from Bangalore
Actresses in Telugu cinema
Actresses in Hindi cinema
21st-century Indian actresses
Mount Carmel College, Bangalore alumni


General elections were held in the Cook Islands on 30 March 1983. The result was a victory for the Cook Islands Party (CIP) of Geoffrey Henry, who became Prime Minister. However, the CIP lost their majority by the end of July, eventually resulting in Parliament being dissolved and new elections called in November 1983.

Electoral system
Previously the Legislative Assembly had 22 members elected from 12 constituencies of between one and four seats in size. Following constitutional reforms, the Assembly was renamed Parliament and the number of members was increased to 24, with the country split into 23 single-member constituencies and an additional constituency for overseas voters.

Campaign
Campaigning was much milder than in the 1978 elections, with the government – now controlled by the Democratic Party – having introduced limits on radio airtime and newspaper advertising by parties.

Results
Prime Minister Thomas Davis and Minister Iaveta Short both lost their seats.

Aftermath
Following the elections, Henry appointed a seven-member cabinet, including the first female minister, Fanaura Kingstone. Kingstone had been elected from the overseas constituency with the intention of resigning in protest at the creation of the constituency. However, she later changed her mind as the CIP failed to win a significant majority.

Shortly after the elections, the Democratic Party MP for Atiu lost their seat after a successful petition against the result in the constituency, increasing the CIP majority to three. A court case also began as Henry had failed to resign from office within the first seven days of the parliamentary session and seek re-appointment, as required by the constitution. This was initially viewed as a technicality due to the CIP majority in Parliament. However, in July CIP MP Matapo Matapo died and Tupui Henry left the CIP to sit with the Democratic Party, leaving an 11–11 tie. The final verdict of the Court of Appeal was announced on 29 July, requiring Henry to resign.

Without a majority, Henry resigned on 2 August. Queen's Representative Gaven Donne convened a series of votes to determine who could attain a parliamentary majority, with the vote on 10 August ending as 11 each for Geoffrey and Tupui Henry. With the Atiu by-election – almost certain to be won by the Democratic Party – due on 12 August, Donne asked the two leaders to wait until the by-election for Matapo's seat before a government was appointed. Tupui Henry and Leader of the Opposition Vincent Ingram agreed in the belief that they could win Matapo's former constituency. However, Geoffrey Henry declined. This resulted in Donne dissolving Parliament on 17 August, calling fresh elections for November, and appointing Geoffrey Henry as caretaker Prime Minister with restricted powers.

References

External links
In reference by Queens Representative (1983) CKHC 18; HC OA 1.1983 - one of the cases which led to parliament being dissolved.

1983 03
Cook
1983 in the Cook Islands
Cook
1983 Cook


Martin Majoor (born 14 October 1960) is a Dutch type designer and graphic designer. As of 2006, he had worked since 1997 in both Arnhem, Netherlands, and Warsaw, Poland.

Biography

Early life
Majoor was born in 1960 in the town of Baarn, in the Dutch province of Utrecht.

Education
Majoor enrolled at the then  (Academy of Fine Arts, Arnhem), now part of ArtEZ University of the Arts, in 1980. He graduated in 1986.

For a student placement, Majoor went to URW Type Foundry in 1984. He used their Ikarus system to design a typeface named , which was never released.

Early work
In 1986, Majoor joined the research department of Océ and investigated fonts for use on computer monitors. He also researched fonts for laser printing for Bitstream.

In 1988, Majoor became a graphic designer for the Muziekcentrum Vredenburg, where he designed concert programmes. Frustration with limited availability of professional fonts on the institution's Macintosh computers led him to develop his own font, Scala.

Font designs

FF Scala and FF Scala Sans
In 1991, FontShop International released Scala as FF Scala, the first ‘serious’ text face in its FontFont library. Scala expanded to a superfamily providing both serif and sans-serif faces with FF Scala Sans, released in 1993. Both have sold well since their introduction.FF Scala Sans was expanded with new weights and condensed versions in 1998. The family was supplemented with decorative capitals (FF Scala Jewels) in 1996. Several index symbols were also added as FF Scala Hands, from a 1933 design by Bruce Rogers.

Telefont
In 1994, Majoor redesigned the Dutch telephone directory for PTT Telecom (now KPN) alongside Jan Kees Schelvis. For this he created a new typeface named Telefont, with digitization assistance by Fred Smeijers. Telefont List was designed for computer-generated listings, while Telefont Text provides small caps and text figures for use in the directory's introductory material.

FF Seria
FF Seria is Majoor's second superfamily, released in 2000. Seria is a book face with irregular details.

FF Seria Arabic (2009), a complimentary Naskh-style Arabic font in four weights for display and text use, was designed by Pascal Zoghbi. It was based on Sada (2007), designed by Zoghbi with Majoor as part of the Typographic Matchmaking project.

FF Nexus
Majoor started on an alternative version of Seria, but this became a larger project. The result was released in 2004 as FF , Majoor's third superfamily and FontFont's first OpenType product. It has serif, sans-serif, slab serif (‘Mix’), and monospaced variants. OpenType feature support includes small caps in all weights, text figures, tabular figures, ligatures, and two sets of swash characters.

In 2006 the FF Nexus family won the first prize at the Creative Review Type Design Awards, in the category Text Families.

Questa
In 2014, Majoor released Questa, a Didone font and sans-serif derivative in collaboration with Jos Buivenga.

Book design
Besides working as a type designer Martin Majoor has always worked as a book typographer and graphic designer. "It is my conviction that you cannot be a good type designer if you are not a book typographer."

He designed several books for Dutch publishers such as Bunge, Nijgh & Van Ditmar, L.J. Veen, Vrij Geestesleven and Elsevier. Three times his book designs were chosen among the Best Dutch Book Designs, especially for its inside book typography, rather than for its covers.

These books included Adieu Aesthetics & Beautiful Pages! (Adieu æsthetica & mooie pagina's!’), published in 1995 as the catalogue for the exhibition ‘The Aesthetic World of Jan van Krimpen, Book Designer and Typographer’ in the Museum of the Book/Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum in The Hague and in the American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA) in New York (1995). For this book Majoor was the first to use the digital version of Jan van Krimpen’s typeface Romanée (originally cut in 1928 for the Joh. Enschedé typefoundry), which in 1991 had been digitized by Peter Mattias Noordzij and Fred Smeijers for incorporation into the Enschedé Font Foundry (TEFF).

In 2010, together with the French teacher Sebastien Morlighem, he wrote a book on the works of the French type designer José Mendoza y Almeida.

From 1999 until 2010 Majoor was the graphic designer for the Warsaw Autumn Festival, the largest international Polish festival of contemporary music. The programme books were set in Majoor’s own typeface Seria.

Teaching and speaking
From 1990 to 1995, Majoor taught typography at the Schools of Fine Arts in Arnhem and Breda.

He wrote articles for magazines like Items, Eye magazine, 2+3D and tpG tipoGráfica.

He lectured at ATypI/Typelab conferences in Budapest, Antwerp, Paris, San Francisco, Barcelona, The Hague and Prague; at TypoBerlin (2002 and 2005); and during other type events in Lure-en-Provence (Rencontres internationales de Lure 1996), Leipzig (TypoTage 2004), Warsaw, Katowice, Stockholm, Hamburg, Caen, Vienna and Dortmund.

He gave workshops in Amsterdam (Gerrit Rietveld Academie), Stuttgart (Merz Akademie) and Warsaw.

His type designs were exhibited in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, New York (Cooper Union), Paris, London, Manchester, Berlin, Helsinki and Barcelona.

Awards
 1993 - Encouragement Prize Graphic Design 1994. Amsterdam Arts Foundation, for the Scala family.
 1995 - Award Best Dutch Book Designs 1995 for ‘Adieu Æsthetica & Mooie Pagina’s!’ about the life and work of Jan van Krimpen.
 2001 - Award International Typographic Awards in London for the Seria familie.
 2001 - Award ATypI Type Design Competition Bukva:raz! in Moscow for the Seria familie.
 2006 - Award Creative Review Type Design Award for the Nexus family in the category Text Families.

Bibliography
 Lupton, Ellen. Graphic Design and Typography in the Netherlands: A View of Recent Work. Princeton Architectural Press: 1992. .
 Friedl, Frederich, Nicholas Ott and Bernard Stein. Typography: An Encyclopedic Survey of Type Design and Techniques Through History. Black Dog & Leventhal: 1998. .
 Bringhurst, Robert. The Elements of Typographic Style. Hartley & Marks: 1992. .
 Middendorp, Jan: Dutch Type, 010 Publishers: 2004,
 Lupton, Ellen. Thinking with Type: A critical guide for designers, writers, editors, & students. Princeton Architectural Press: 2004. .
 Spiekermann, Erik; Middendorp, Jan: Made with FontFont, Book Industry Services (BIS): 2006,
 Thi Truong, Mai-Linh; Siebert, Jürgen; Spiekermann, Erik: FontBook – Digital Typeface Compendium, FSI FontShop International: 2006,
 Martin Majoor & Sébastien Morlighem, José Mendoza y Almeida, bilingual edition French-English, Introduction by Jan Middendorp, 176 pages, 03/2010, .

References

External links
 www.martinmajoor.com Martin Majoor's official website
 FF Scala microsite A website fully dedicated to FF Scala
 Martin Majoor, type designer Interview by Peter Biľak (2003)
 Seria’s motives: How Martin Majoor developed his ‘literary typeface’ by Andy Crewdson (2002)
 FF Seria Arabic by Pascal Zohgbi (2009)
 Types and Characters: Martin Majoor Brochure by Nina Völlink (2007)
 Writing With Scala Typespecimen by Ellen Lupton (2005)
 Martin Majoor on identifont.com

1960 births
Living people
Dutch graphic designers
People from Baarn
Dutch typographers and type designers
Book designers


Rice production in Bhutan plays an important role in food supply in Bhutan. It is cultivated largely for domestic consumption. In 2001, it was reported as little as 1% of rice grown in Bhutan as being  marketed, but a farmers survey indicated that around 15% is indeed marketed.

In a country where 79% of the population is engaged in agriculture, in 2006 the production of rice in Bhutan was 74,720 metric tons, with some  under cultivation. This increased dramatically from 44,000 tons in 2000. Rice production in Bhutan increased by 58 percent between 1989 and 1997 according to an assessment of the rice research programme in Bhutan.

The most important growing areas are Samtse which has the highest rice growing area in Bhutan with 2,889 hectares, followed by Sarpang with 2,839 and Punakha with 1,971 hectares. Production is highest in Punakha with 6,274 tonnes a year. Other areas include Paro and Wangduephodrang, which has one of the most important rice institutes in the country at Bajo.

A significant percentage of agricultural land has been destroyed to make way for infrastructure in the country. According to Ganesh B. Chettri, the Joint Director of the Department of Agriculture, “We have lost a lot of land for infrastructural development purposes in Thimphu and other places but still the rice produced in Bhutan is sufficient for 50 percent of the population”.

Whilst Bhutan is notable grower of rice, Bhutan imports 6,000 to 7,000 metric tonnes of rice every year according to Singay Dukpa, the Deputy Managing Director of the Foodgrain Division of the Food Corporation of Bhutan. In 2020, rice was the third most imported commodity costing Nu 2.63 billion.

In 2018, it was reported that sustained decline in land under rice cultivation has resulted in a loss of more than 31,300 metric tonnes in the last two decades. While 28,000 hectares of land was under rice in 1981, this figure reduced to 20,547 in 2017. This figure translates into rice that could have fed one-fifth of the country's population for a year.

Products

Bhutanese red rice

Bhutanese red rice is a medium-grain rice, and is the staple rice of the Bhutanese people. It is a red japonica rice that is semi-milled; some of the reddish bran is left on the rice. Because of this, it cooks somewhat faster than an unmilled brown rice. When cooked, the rice is pale pink, soft and slightly sticky.

This rice became available in the United States in the mid-1990s.

Climate Change
In the uplands where water scarcity is increasingly affecting farm output, farmers are switching back to traditional rice varieties known in the local language as Yangkum, Jama, Janaap, and Jakaap. These grow well in high altitude and require short window for plantation and harvesting.

See also
 Agriculture in Bhutan

References

External links
Photographs of rice in Bhutan

Agriculture in Bhutan
Bhutan


Silvia Mittermüller (born 8 August 1983 in Munich) is a German snowboarder. Born in Munich, Germany, Mittermüller currently trains in the United States. She competes on the Swatch TTR World Snowboard Tour. She has sponsorship deals with Ride Snowboards, Oakley, Vans and Planet Sports.

Competition Results
Highlights of the Swatch TTR 2008/2009 Season
4th - Slopestyle - 6Star Burton European Open - Ticket to Ride (World Snowboard Tour)
1st - Slopestyle - 5Star Burton Canadian Open - Ticket to Ride (World Snowboard Tour)
3rd - Slopestyle - 5Star Nissan X-Trail Jam - Ticket to Ride (World Snowboard Tour)

References

External links
 Official webpage
Silvia Mittermueller's official Swatch TTR Website

1983 births
Living people
German female snowboarders
X Games athletes
Snowboarders at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Olympic snowboarders for Germany
Sportspeople from Munich
21st-century German women


Vettuthura is a suburb of Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala, India. The main job in this area is fishing

Geography
It is located at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala

Location
Nearest airport is Thiruvananthapuram International Airport and nearest major railway station is Thiruvananthapuram Central. Though the railway station at Kazhakkoottam (Kaniyapuram) is closer, only passenger trains halt there. It is well connected to Thiruvananthapuram city by state road transport buses.

References

External links
 About Vettuthura

Suburbs of Thiruvananthapuram


Henry James "Hank" Moody, portrayed by David Duchovny, is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Showtime television series Californication. Moody is an esteemed but erratic writer who frequently becomes embroiled in bizarre, and in some cases, scandalous situations. Duchovny has received praise for his performance, winning the 2008 Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy and being nominated for the same honor three more times.

Character arc
Hank was born in the Bronx and his parents moved to Levittown, New York on Long Island to raise him. In his pursuit to become a writer, he moved to New York City; and eventually, his talent and gift were noticed by the literary community. Hank met Karen Van der Beek at CBGB and soon after she became pregnant in 1994, later giving birth to their daughter, Becca. After the publication of his third novel, God Hates Us All, which grew his popularity, Hank, Karen and Becca moved to Los Angeles so that Hank could work on the screenplay for the movie adaptation.

After his novel God Hates Us All is adapted into a Hollywood film that he despises, A Crazy Little Thing Called Love, Hank Moody is suffering from writer's block and wallowing in alcohol, drugs and promiscuous sex. Karen is engaged to Bill Lewis, a man Hank despises. Hank meets a young woman in a bookshop reading his book and soon sleeps with her. Their brief encounter is memorably punctuated by her hitting Hank in the face with her fist. He later learns that she is Mia, Bill Lewis's sixteen-year-old daughter. Mia proceeds to provoke Hank during visits to his family at Bill's house. She uses the threat of statutory rape charges to extort un-published short stories from him that she passes off as her own work for her high-school creative-writing class. During a stay in New York for his father's funeral, Hank writes a manuscript drawing from his encounter with Mia. When the only copy falls into the hands of Mia, she slightly alters it and tries to have it published as her own, calling it Fucking & Punching. Eager to publish a young, female, sexually explicit writing sensation the publishing world shows much interest in "Mia's" book. On Karen and Bill's wedding day, Hank behaves uncharacteristically selflessly and accepts the situation so as not to destroy his beloved's wedding day. But that evening, as he and Becca are about to drive away from the reception in his un-washed, poorly-maintained Porsche cabriolet, Karen runs out and jumps into his car and they drive off.

Although they planned to move back to New York, Hank and Karen split up after learning that Hank has possibly impregnated Sonja, Karen's friend that she set Hank up with while they were separated. Hank becomes fast friends with rock music producer Lew Ashby, who recruits the writer to pen his biography, which he finishes shortly after Ashby's death. After Hank has a cancer scare and Sonja gives birth to a mixed-race child, Hank and Karen reconcile. However, Hank volunteers to stay in California for Becca's sake while Karen goes to New York for work.

With Karen in New York, the status of her and Hank's relationship is unclear. After causing writer/professor Richard Bates to compromise his sobriety, Hank is recruited as a creative writing college professor in his place. During a short visit by Karen, it is decided that Hank and Becca will finally move back to New York with her. However, Mia returns to Los Angeles with her manager/boyfriend, to whom she has confessed sleeping with Hank while underage and stealing Fucking & Punching from him. When her manager suggests Mia and Hank reveal their story publicly, Hank attacks him, after which the manager calls the police. Hank returns home to confess everything to Karen, who breaks down and runs out into the street as cops arrive to arrest him.

Before Hank is even out on bail, the story behind Fucking & Punching is reported in the media. Upon being released, he is hired to rewrite the screenplay for its film adaptation. Although the assault charges are dropped, Hank is newly arrested when the district attorney decides to prosecute him for statutory rape. After an accidental overdose on alcohol and pills, Karen assumes Hank is suicidal and warms to him. But after learning he is not, she begins to date the father of Becca's new friend. Hank is found guilty, but is relieved when he only receives three years probation, a fine and community service.

Over two years later, Hank has been living in New York City while Karen is in California and married to Richard Bates, with Hank surprisingly accepting of the marriage. To get away from a break up with his year-long casual partner Carrie, who sets his apartment on fire, Hank visits California to write the script for Santa Monica Cop starring rapper Samurai Apocalypse. He also comes to blows with Becca's boyfriend Tyler, an inspiring writer who shares several characteristic traits with a young Hank Moody. After falling back into alcoholism, Richard ends his marriage to Karen and gives his blessing for her to be with Hank, with the two eager to be with one another again. However, Carrie makes a surprise visit and tricks Hank into drinking a drugged alcoholic beverage in an effort to end both their lives.

Although Hank recovers fully, Carrie is left in a persistent vegetative state with her family deciding to end her life. Hank feels responsible and falls into severe alcoholism, until his friends and daughter stage an intervention. After an early-leaving of rehab, he agrees to write the script to a rock musical adaptation of A Crazy Little Thing Called Love with rock musician Atticus Fetch writing the songs. Becca, having begun having sex and using drugs believing it will help her become a writer, much to Hank's chagrin, departs to travel the world on a "literary pilgrimage." Although he embarked on a tour with Atticus, Hank leaves hoping to finally be with Karen.

Hank is contacted by a young man, Levon, who informs him that he is Hank's son. Hank apparently impregnated his mother, Julia, just before he met Karen. While trying to connect with his son, Hank becomes one of several writers on the television adaptation of Santa Monica Cop. Becca returns with the news that she is getting married. Although he tries to dissuade the marriage, Hank ultimately gets on the plane to the ceremony in New York after reading to Karen a piece he wrote declaring he will never give up on the two of them being together.

Characteristics
However shallow Hank may come across as being, most episodes of Californication reveal at least some degree of depth to his persona, in many cases exposing a surprisingly vulnerable Hank, especially in relation to his long-term on-and-off girlfriend Karen and their daughter, Becca. He is shown on more than one occasion to be broken, empty and desolate, seeing himself as beyond saving.

Hank loves rock music and collects classic vinyl records. His favorite artist appears to be Warren Zevon. Along with the consumption of whiskey and weed, Hank listens to Zevon songs, every time he completes a piece of writing. He also mentions Black Sabbath lyrics from time to time.

He owns a classic Gibson Les Paul. In the second season, he reveals to Lew Ashby that the first album he ever bought with his own money was Led Zeppelin II. Three of Hank's novels, South of Heaven, Seasons in the Abyss and God Hates Us All are named after the albums by the American thrash metal band, Slayer.

During the first four seasons of the series, Hank is seen driving a 1990 Porsche 964 Cabriolet with one headlight smashed. The car is characterized by its messy and dusty look that Hank maintains with his daughter Becca's support. They both claim that it "has character". Hank buys a new Porsche 996 Cabriolet in the ninth episode of the first season but it's soon carjacked, so Hank goes back to his original Porsche.  In the fourth season when the car is crashed by Becca, Hank subsequently buys another of the same model and color. He is seen using a tire iron to break the right headlight of the new car, even before leaving the used car lot on Washington Boulevard in Marina Del Rey, to resemble his old car. However in Season 5 Hank is given a new Porsche (initially a 997, then a 991) by Charlie and subsequently drives that for the rest of the series. The series finale ends with a shot of the car. This solidifies that Hank is leaving his lifestyle behind to finally be with Karen, as they fly to New York for Becca's wedding.

Publications
 South of HeavenWritten before the show.
 Seasons in the AbyssWritten before the show.
 God Hates Us AllWritten before the show. The movie adaptation has just been finished before the first season begins. In the sixth season Hank writes a musical based on the book with Atticus Fetch, although he is fired in the debut episode of the subsequent season.
 Fucking & PunchingWritten during the first season, it was stolen by Mia Lewis, who then got it published as her own work and received critical acclaim. Hank regains attribution for the novel between the third and fourth seasons, and assists in the development of the film adaptation after being hired to rewrite the script.
 Lew Ashby, A BiographyWritten during the second season. It was published posthumously after Lew Ashby mistakenly overdosed on heroin.
 CalifornicationWritten between the fourth and fifth season.

Other works
Aside from his books, Hank has written the screenplay for the movie adaption of his God Hates Us All, titled A Crazy Little Thing Called Love. He has also written the musical based on the movie. In the first season, he writes a blog for Hell-A Magazine, which is owned by Bill Lewis. In the fourth season, he rewrote the Fucking & Punching screenplay and dialogue for Slowly We Rot 2. In season five Hank writes the screenplay for Santa Monica Cop and the lyrics to a song for singer Kali. Season seven sees Hank becoming a staff writer for the television adaptation of Santa Monica Cop.

Development
David Duchovny stated that following The X-Files, he wanted to work on a comedy series, but believed casting directors and audiences would not be receptive to his being cast in such a role because of the dark tone of his previous work. He also felt that the "underdog comedies" being made at the time would not have suited him.

He was attracted to Californication because the show is a "hyper-articulate comedy" and deals with adults trying to solve their problems. Duchovny looked at his character as the emotional anchor of the show, giving "balance to all the other craziness and [keeping] it from floating away into ridiculous escapades." He revealed that creator Tom Kapinos allowed him to improvise his lines, allowing for a natural feel. Hank's iconic saying of the word "motherfucker" in a falsetto voice was one of these instances.

Duchovny said that the show's premise that a writer is interesting to people is Kapinos's fantasy; "To make a show about a writer and to have that writer be attractive to women and powerful in the world and all these things. It’s just complete wish fulfillment for Tom, and for writers in general, he would say." Marilyn Manson, who plays himself in season 6, said Kapinos told him that when creating the character of Hank Moody he wanted him to be a rock star; "He was writing about himself, so he wanted to combine a writer who behaved like a rock star."

Duchovny revealed that he wanted Hank to die at the end of the series; "Everything had to catch up with him. You can't drink and smoke like that and get away with it for too long. I wanted it to be complete. I wanted Hank to get married to Karen right before he died."

Reception
David Duchovny's performance has been praised by critics. Robert Bianco of USA Today felt that he "makes the unlikeliest twists believable and the most heinous behavior forgivable." Similarly, Charlie McCollum of the San Jose Mercury News said that the actor makes a character that might seem "repugnant into a charming, engaging, surprisingly self-aware human being." Tim Goodman for SFGate claimed that Duchovny takes Kapinos's dialogue and turns it into "a kind of verbal weapon all too lacking on television." The Boston Globes Matthew Gilbert wrote that "Duchovny manages to make Hank almost heroic at moments—a bitter cynic whose inappropriate honesty marks him as an outsider in a town that thrives on pretty lies." Reviewers for Slate, New York and Variety all praised the actor's comedy chops. However, LA Weeklys Robert Abele wrote that "Duchovny is too self-consciously cool an actor to suggest anything out of control about a guy who is having sex with that many women, which means he just seems square-ish, weak or bored when Hank pleads for Karen to reunite with him, or hugs his daughter."

Duchovny won the 2008 Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy for his performance as Hank Moody. He was nominated for the same award three more times; 2009, 2010, and 2012. In 2008 he was also nominated for the Satellite Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series.

References

External links
 God Hates Us All page at Simon & Schuster
 Hank Moody-The Writer

Television characters introduced in 2007
Fictional drug addicts
Fictional professors
Fictional writers
Fictional cocaine users
Fictional alcohol abusers
Fictional characters from New York (state)
Fictional characters from New York City
Fictional characters from Los Angeles
Male characters in television


Campo Sportivo "Al Vallone" is a stadium in Biasca, Ticino, Switzerland.  It is currently used for football matches and is the home ground of GC Biaschesi. The current capacity is 2,850. The stadium has 350 seats and 2,500 standing places.

References

Football venues in Switzerland
Sports venues in Ticino
Biasca


The 1902–03 season was the fourth season for FC Barcelona.

Events
Barcelona decides to withdraw from the Copa Macaya after losing two points for fielding an ineligible player in the tournament's first match. The club breaks relations with the Gymnastics Federation and decides to organize a tournament of their own: La Copa Barcelona. FC Barcelona wins this trophy.

Paul Haas replaced Bartomeu Terradas as president on 5 September 1902.

Squad

Matches

 1. Barcelona pulled the competition.
 2. Name of the English ship at the port of Barcelona.
 Not counted because X Sporting Club withdrew from the competition.

References

FC Barcelona seasons
Barcelona


Alexandre Pellicier (born 9 December 1981) is a French ski mountaineer.

Pellicier is born in the Tarentaise Valley and lives in Albertville. He started ski mountaineering in 1998 and competed first at Pierra Menta "juniors" race in the same year. He is a member of the Etoile Sportive du Cormet  and has been member of the French national team since 2005.

Selected results
 2002:
 1st, French Championship "espoirs" single
 2005:
 6th, European Championship team race (together with Cyril Champange)
 2006:
 8th, World Championship team race (together with Pierre Gignoux)
 2007:
 2nd, European Championship team race (together with William Bon Mardion)
 6th, European Championship combination ranking
 7th, European Championship single race
 2008:
 1st, World Championship team race (together with Florent Perrier)
 4th, World Championship combination ranking
 6th (and 5th in the "international men" ranking), Patrouille des Glaciers (together with Tony Sbalbi and Didier Blanc)
 10th, World Championship single race
 2010:
 4th, World Championship team race (together with William Bon Mardion)
 2011:
 5th, World Championship sprint
 5th, World Championship team race (together with Valentin Favre)

Pierra Menta

 2006: 6th, together with Cyril Champange
 2007: 3rd, together with Bertrand Blanc
 2008: 5th, together with Ola Berger
 2009: 6th, together with Grégory Gachet
 2010: 7th, together with Didier Blanc
 2011: 7th, together with Florent Perrier

External links
 Alexandre Pellicier at skimountaineering.org

References

1981 births
Living people
French male ski mountaineers
World ski mountaineering champions
Sportspeople from Savoie
21st-century French people
20th-century French people


Nano Today is dedicated to publishing the most influential and innovative work across nanoscience and technology. The journal considers any article that informs readers of the latest research and advances in the field, research breakthroughs, and topical issues which express views on developments in related fields. Through its unique mixture of peer-reviewed articles, the latest research news, and information on key developments, Nano Today provides comprehensive coverage of this exciting and dynamic field. Established in 2006, it is published six times a year by Elsevier.

References

Elsevier academic journals
Chemistry journals
Nanotechnology journals


Pellicier is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandre Pellicier (born 1981), French ski mountaineer
Guillaume Pellicier (aka Pellissier,  1490–1568), French prelate and diplomat
Osmaidel Pellicier (born 1992), Cuban sprinter

See also
Pellicer


The South African Police Memorial is located in the grounds of the Union Buildings in Pretoria and commemorates officers of the South African Police Service who died in the line of duty.

History
The memorial was unveiled on 17 October 1984 by State President P.W. Botha. The cornerstone of the memorial was unveiled on 20 May 1983 by the then-Commissioner of the South African Police, General Michiel Christian Wilhelm Geldenhuys. The solid, two-metre-high wall represents the duty of protection by the police, while the seven pillars represent the various branches of service.

The memorial features plates inscribed with the names of the deceased, and it is located across from an amphitheatre that hosts an annual memorial service to commemorate South African police officers killed in the line of duty.

The plaque reads as follows:

See also
 Cape Police Memorial

External links

References

Monuments and memorials in South Africa
Law enforcement memorials
1984 establishments in South Africa
Cultural infrastructure completed in 1984


The 15 boroughs of Oslo were created on 1 January 2004. They each have an elected local council with limited responsibilities.

In addition is Marka (1610 residents), that is administered by several boroughs; and Sentrum (1471 residents, 1.8 km2) that is partially administered by St. Hanshaugen, and in part directly by the city council. As of 1 January 2020, Oslo had 693,494 residents, of which 2386 were not allocated to a borough.

Former borough structure

Borough structure 1973–88

From 1973 to 30 June 1988, Oslo had 40 boroughs. Some existed only on paper, since they were to be constituted only when the areas were built.

 Borough 1: Ruseløkka, Skillebekk, Frogner
 Borough 2: Homansbyen, Uranienborg, Majorstua, parts of Fagerborg
 Borough 3: St. Hanshaugen, Gamle Aker, parts of Ila and Fagerborg
 Borough 4: Marienlyst, Ullevål, Lindern, parts of Fagerborg
 Borough 5: Bjølsen, Sagene, parts of Ila
 Borough 6: Sandaker, Åsen, Torshov
 Borough 7: Grünerløkka, Møllergata
 Borough 8: Sinsen, Rodeløkka, parts of Tøyen
 Borough 9: Grønland, Gamlebyen, Kampen, Vålerenga, parts of Tøyen
 Borough 10: Ekeberg, Holtet, Bekkelaget
 Borough 11: Nordstrand
 Borough 12–13–14: Holmlia, Hauketo, Rudene
 Borough 15: Lambertseter
 Borough 16–17: Banderud, Skullerud, Rustad, Bøler, Ulsrud, Tveteråsen
 Borough 18: Ryen, Manglerud, Abildsø
 Borough 19: Skøyen, Oppsal, parts of Trasop
 Borough 20: Etterstad, Helsfyr, Teisen
 Borough 21–22: Tveita, Hellerud, Haugerud, Trosterud, parts of Trasop
 Borough 23 was to take parts of boroughs 20, 24 and 31
 Borough 24–25: Lindeberg, Furuset, Ellingsrud, Haugenstua, Høybråten, Tangerud
 Borough 26: Rommen, Fossum, Stovner
 Borough 27: Romsås
 Borough 28: Rødtvet, Ammerud, parts of Grorud
 Borough 29: Kalbakken, Flaen, parts of Grorud
 Borough 30: Linderud, Veitvet, Sletteløkka
 Borough 31: Løren, Risløkka, Økern
 Borough 32: Lofthus, Årvoll, Tonsenhagen
 Borough 33: Nydalen, Grefsen, Kjelsås
 Borough 34: Tåsen, Korsvoll, Kringsjå
 Borough 35: Vinderen, Ris, Slemdal, Holmenkollen
 Borough 36: Røa, Hovseter, Voksen
 Borough 37: Ullernåsen, Lysaker, Bestum
 Borough 38: Huseby, Smestad, Skøyen
 Borough 39: Bygdøy
 Borough 40: Marka, the islands

Borough structure 1988–2004

From 1985 to 1988, the boroughs of Stovner, Røa, Gamle Oslo and Søndre Nordstrand were trials for the new system.
From 1 July 1988 to 31 December 2003, Oslo had 25 boroughs:

 Borough 1: Bygdøy–Frogner
 Borough 2: Uranienborg–Majorstuen
 Borough 3: St.Hanshaugen–Ullevål
 Borough 4: Sagene–Torshov
 Borough 5: Grünerløkka–Sofienberg
 Borough 6: Gamle Oslo
 Borough 7: Ekeberg–Bekkelaget
 Borough 8: Nordstrand
 Borough 9: Søndre Nordstrand
 Borough 10: Lambertseter
 Borough 11: Bøler
 Borough 12: Manglerud
 Borough 13: Østensjø
 Borough 14: Helsfyr–Sinsen
 Borough 15: Hellerud
 Borough 16: Furuset
 Borough 17: Stovner
 Borough 18: Romsås
 Borough 19: Grorud
 Borough 20: Bjerke
 Borough 21: Grefsen–Kjelsås
 Borough 22: Sogn
 Borough 23: Vinderen
 Borough 24: Røa
 Borough 25: Ullern

In addition Sentrum and Marka.

References

Norway
Lists of populated places in Norway
Boroughs


Sportplatz 3 Sapins is a stadium in Echallens, Switzerland.  It is currently used for football matches and is the home ground of FC Echallens. The capacity is 2000 and is the opposite of the modern all seater stadiums in that it is standing-room only.

References
https://int.soccerway.com/teams/switzerland/fc-echallens/venue/

See also
List of football stadiums in Switzerland

Football venues in Switzerland


The Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, also known as Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik or ZAMM is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal dedicated to applied mathematics. It is published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik. The editor-in-chief is Holm Altenbach (Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 2.3.

Publication history
The journal's first issue appeared in 1921, published by the Verein Deutscher Ingenieure and edited by Richard von Mises.

References

External links

Mathematics journals
Monthly journals
Wiley-VCH academic journals
English-language journals


The Fairey Fleetwing was a British two-seat, single-engine biplane designed to an Air Ministry contract for carrier-based reconnaissance operations in the late 1920s. Only one was built.

Development
The Fairey Fleetwing was Fairey's response to Air Ministry Specification 22/26 for a two-seat carrier-borne spotter reconnaissance aircraft for the Fleet Air Arm, stressed for catapulting and with limited interceptor fighter capability. By 1927, Fairey had accumulated much experience with biplanes powered by water-cooled engines of small frontal area, allowing increasingly clean, streamlined installations. Fairey had set off down this path with the Fox I which first and controversially used a U.S. Curtiss D-12 engine, though later Foxes were powered by the British Rolls-Royce Kestrel. The Fox was followed by the similarly powered single seat Firefly II and the Fox II. The Fleetwing was designed in this tradition, using the all-metal construction techniques developed for the Fox IIM though flying at first with wooden wings.

The Fleetwing was a single-bay biplane which, like the Fox II, had a lower wing of much narrower chord than the upper plane. Initially, N-type interplane struts of quite wide chord were used, though later slimmed. Upper and lower ailerons were at first linked by wire but later with a rigid strut. The wings folded for carrier storage. The fuselage, apart from cockpit details and the undercarriage and empennage of the Fleetwing, Firefly and Fox II were very similar and the Fleetwing's fin and rudder evolved with the Firefly's from a slightly square topped, unbalanced arrangement to a more round topped rudder with horn balance. The Fleetwing's tailplane retained a single lower strut. There were two cockpits, one for the pilot under an upper wing cut out and a gunner's position behind. Armament was traditional: a single forward-firing synchronised .303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers machine gun and a .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis Gun on a Fairey high-speed mounting in the rear cockpit. There was a bomb rack under the port wing.

The Fleetwing first flew on 16 May 1929 from Northolt, piloted by Norman Macmillan and powered by a Rolls-Royce F.XI (Kestrel I) V-12 water cooled engine, later replaced with a supercharged Kestrel IIMS. As on the prototype Firefly II and Fox II, these engines were cooled with retractable radiators.

Operational history
After initial trials in June at Martlesham Heath and on  with the wooden wings and early fin and rudder it came back to Fairey's for modifications, then returned to Martlesham for competitive testing against the Hawker Osprey, Blackburn Nautilus and Short Gurnard. The Osprey and the Fleetwing emerged as front runners and their seaplane versions were tested together in the early summer of 1930. The Osprey emerged as winner because of its better manoeuvrability and resistance to sea water-induced corrosion.

The sole Fleetwing remained in use until mid-1932, not least as a seaplane trainer and sea-state investigator for the successful 1931 Schneider Trophy team. In April 1932, the Fleetwing was on  for catapult trials, 28 successful flights terminated by an emergency landing and damage beyond repair in retrieval.

Specifications (landplane)

References

Notes

Bibliography

1920s British military reconnaissance aircraft
Fleetwing
Carrier-based aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1929


Het Dolhuys( meaning in English: "The crazy house") is a national museum for psychiatry in Haarlem, Netherlands. The museum was founded in 2005 in the newly renovated former old age home known as  Schoterburcht, located just across the Schotersingel from the Staten Bolwerk park. The whole complex is much older than that however, having been a hospital for centuries known as the Leproos-, Pest- en Dolhuys.

Museum of Psychiatry

The collection is based on the artifacts of seven psychiatric hospitals; GGZ Noord-HollandNoord, Mentrum, De Meren, Buitenamstel, GGZ Dijk en Duin, De Geestgronden, and Rivierduinen. It is an interactive museum. The visitor is encouraged to think about the contrasts between sanity and insanity, between visitors and inmates, and between participants and observers. On display are the various personal effects of famous inmates of psychiatric hospitals, as well as old treatment methods and tools used by the hospitals themselves.

History of the complex Het Dolhuys

Like many other Dutch cities, Haarlem had a hospice situated outside the city walls for lepers, plague victims, and other sufferers considered by the city council to have infectious diseases. In council archives, it is often referred to as "De Siecken" ("The Sick"), since that was the name of the street it was on (now the Schotersingel). The Dolhuys was situated in the former town of Schoten (annexed by Haarlem in 1927). What made this one so unusual was the privilege granted to Haarlem in 1413 to test lepers from all over the provinces Holland and Zeeland and grant them a vuilbrief, or document certifying their status as leper. With this paper, the leper was legally allowed to beg. According to tradition, a leper would be cured after begging a certain amount of money. When a vuilbrief expired, the subject could request a new one. This privilege meant a guaranteed form of income for this institution, since it also meant a steady stream of visitors and accompanying traffic.

It wasn't until the 19th century that the regents of the Dolhuys actively worked on curing the inmates. The purpose until then was just to provide a safe place to stay for inmates who were dangerous to themselves or to society at large. Lepers who were not sick lived in "Akkerzieken", or homesteads in Akendam, an area north of Schoten, where they had rights to health services from the Dolhuys.

One of the oldest keystones in the front of the complex shows the year 1564. In the 16th and 17th centuries the Dolhuys regents became quite wealthy, because many lepers coming for their vuilbrief decided to stay there, and doing so meant that all of their possessions reverted to the Dolhuys on their death. With a reduction of lepers, the house was converted to a poorhouse for children in 1653. Though it doubled as a home for poor children, the Dolhuys was sometimes still called "Leproos-huis" and later, "Pest-huis" when an outbreak of plague hit Haarlem in 1664. The painter Jan de Bray lost many members of his family in that outbreak, and they were probably cared for in the Dolhuys, where he won a commission to paint the regents three years later.

In the painting by Jan de Bray of the regents of the Dolhuys, a boy with head sores is seen collecting his vuilbrief and holding a lazarus-klep or klepper (clapper), a wooden rattle that he can use to call attention and beg with. His young age and the fact that he is unaccompanied means that he is probably an orphan inmate, who will be sent by the regents to collect money in Haarlem for their hospital.

Jan de Bray also painted the regentesses, who took care of the finances and the daily running of the hospital. The names of the regents and regentesses are known from archive information, but which names belong to which faces have been lost.  The regent's meeting room, which had handpainted wall decorations by Jan Augustini installed in 1756, has recently been restored.

Willem Janszoon Verwer

Perhaps the most famous regent today of the medieval Dolhuys was Willem Janszoon Verwer, who kept a diary, most notably of his experiences during the siege of Haarlem from 1572 to 1581. This diary was copied and annotated by Gerdina Hendrika Kurtz in 1960 and later published in 1973. Verwer was a wealthy member of the Haarlem city council, as was his father. His father was listed in 1577 as one of the 20 richest men of Haarlem. During the siege of Haarlem the Spanish had their headquarters in Huis ter Kleef. Executions by hanging were carried out close to the Dolhuys, because soldiers were stationed there, and Verwer was a witness. He was Roman Catholic and his diary is written from this perspective. He later used his diary in court proceedings in Haarlem after the siege.

Order of Sint Lazarus

The Dolhuys was a charitable institution for the elderly, orphans, lepers, and other poor or sick people who could not be helped by the St. Elisabeth Gasthuis within the city walls of Haarlem. Originally, the complex was a monastery in the Order of Saint Lazarus. The accompanying chapel was dedicated to Saint James. This is the oldest St. James chapel in Haarlem still standing; the oldest St. James chapel (1319) was located at the current location of the St. Jacobsgodshuis in the Hagestraat.

Leproos or Melaats
Leprosy was misunderstood, and any disease considered fatal and contagious, such as small pox, was grouped under the header lazerij, after the story of Lazarus. The sufferer was called a leproos or melaats, and was considered dead for the state, though the person was still alive. Some patients did in fact improve and leave, but many died there. A famous inmate who lived quite a long time was Malle Babbe. She was painted by Frans Hals, probably while his son Peter was living there.

History of Psychiatry in the Netherlands

Apart from the history of the building itself, the visitor can see items from surrounding mental institutions through the centuries. The main hall is devoted to an overview of the history of psychiatry treatment in the Netherlands. The museum is the owner of the archives of several former institutions and has a small exhibition hall for rotating shows based on their possessions, and also art from former psychiatry patients.

Adjoining Restaurant
The museum cafe is situated in the old St. James church and has its own entrance around the back of the complex. There is no admission, and it can be hired separately for parties or gatherings. There is also a rear hall that can be used for gatherings. Theatre performances and poetry readings have been given there.

Awards
In 2005 the museum won the Dutch Design Prize in the category ‘Exhibition & Experience Design’. In 2007 the museum received an honorable mention for The European Museum of the Year Award, in 2022 it won this same prize.

Location: Schotersingel 2, Haarlem, just north of the Haarlem railway station.

References

 Memoriaelbouck, Dagboek van gebeurtenissen te Haarlem van 1572–1581, originally by Willem Janszoon Verwer, 1973 edition with notes by Haarlem archivist J.J. Temminck in the Digitale Bibliotheek der Nederlandse Letteren (DBNL, "Digital library for Dutch literature")

External links

 Het Dolhuys (Haarlem)

Museums established in 2005
Museums in Haarlem
Rijksmonuments in Haarlem
Medical museums in the Netherlands
History of Haarlem
Medical and health organisations based in the Netherlands
History of psychiatry


Fusion transcript is a chimeric RNA encoded by a fusion gene or by two different genes by subsequent trans-splicing. Certain fusion transcripts are commonly produced by cancer cells, and detection of fusion transcripts is part of routine diagnostics of certain cancer types.

References

Mutation
Spliceosome
RNA splicing


The Stadion in der Witz is a stadium in Mainz-Kastel, Wiesbaden, Germany, with a capacity of 5,000. It is currently used for football matches and is the home ground of FVgg Kastel 06.

References

Football venues in Germany
Sport in Wiesbaden
Buildings and structures in Wiesbaden
Sports venues in Hesse


A maze-solving algorithm is an automated method for solving a maze. The random mouse, wall follower, Pledge, and Trémaux's algorithms are designed to be used inside the maze by a traveler with no prior knowledge of the maze, whereas the dead-end filling and shortest path algorithms are designed to be used by a person or computer program that can see the whole maze at once.

Mazes containing no loops are known as "simply connected", or "perfect" mazes, and are equivalent to a tree in graph theory.  Maze-solving algorithms are closely related to graph theory. Intuitively, if one pulled and stretched out the paths in the maze in the proper way, the result could be made to resemble a tree.

Random mouse algorithm
This is a trivial method that can be implemented by a very unintelligent robot or perhaps a mouse. It is simply to proceed following the current passage until a junction is reached, and then to make a random decision about the next direction to follow. Although such a method would always eventually find the right solution, this algorithm can be extremely slow.

Wall follower

One effective rule for traversing mazes is the wall follower, also known as either the left-hand rule or the right-hand rule. If the maze is simply connected, that is, all its walls are connected together or to the maze's outer boundary, then by keeping one hand in contact with one wall of the maze the solver is guaranteed not to get lost and will reach a different exit if there is one; otherwise, the algorithm will return to the entrance having traversed every corridor next to that connected section of walls at least once. The algorithm is a depth-first in-order tree traversal.

Another perspective into why wall following works is topological. If the walls are connected, then they may be deformed into a loop or circle. Then wall following reduces to walking around a circle from start to finish. To further this idea, notice that by grouping together connected components of the maze walls, the boundaries between these are precisely the solutions, even if there is more than one solution (see figures on the right).

If the maze is not simply-connected (i.e. if the start or endpoints are in the center of the structure surrounded by passage loops, or the pathways cross over and under each other and such parts of the solution path are surrounded by passage loops), this method will not necessarily reach the goal.

Another concern is that care should be taken to begin wall-following at the entrance to the maze. If the maze is not simply-connected and one begins wall-following at an arbitrary point inside the maze, one could find themselves trapped along a separate wall that loops around on itself and containing no entrances or exits.  Should it be the case that wall-following begins late, attempt to mark the position in which wall-following began. Because wall-following will always lead you back to where you started, if you come across your starting point a second time, you can conclude the maze is not simply-connected, and you should switch to an alternative wall not yet followed. See the Pledge Algorithm, below, for an alternative methodology.

Wall-following can be done in 3D or higher-dimensional mazes if its higher-dimensional passages can be projected onto the 2D plane in a deterministic manner. For example, if in a 3D maze "up" passages can be assumed to lead Northwest, and "down" passages can be assumed to lead southeast, then standard wall following rules can apply. However, unlike in 2D, this requires that the current orientation is known, to determine which direction is the first on the left or right.

Pledge algorithm

Disjoint (where walls are not connected to the outer boundary/boundary is not closed) mazes can be solved with the wall follower method, so long as the entrance and exit to the maze are on the outer walls of the maze. If however, the solver starts inside the maze, it might be on a section disjoint from the exit, and wall followers will continually go around their ring. The Pledge algorithm (named after John Pledge of Exeter) can solve this problem.

The Pledge algorithm, designed to circumvent obstacles, requires an arbitrarily chosen direction to go toward, which will be preferential. When an obstacle is met, one hand (say the right hand) is kept along the obstacle while the angles turned are counted (clockwise turn is positive, counter-clockwise turn is negative). When the solver is facing the original preferential direction again, and the angular sum of the turns made is 0, the solver leaves the obstacle and continues moving in its original direction.

The hand is removed from the wall only when both "sum of turns made" and "current heading" are at zero. This allows the algorithm to avoid traps shaped like an upper case letter "G". Assuming the algorithm turns left at the first wall, one gets turned around a full 360 degrees by the walls. An algorithm that only keeps track of "current heading" leads into an infinite loop as it leaves the lower rightmost wall heading left and runs into the curved section on the left hand side again. The Pledge algorithm does not leave the rightmost wall due to the "sum of turns made" not being zero at that point (note 360 degrees is not equal to 0 degrees). It follows the wall all the way around, finally leaving it heading left outside and just underneath the letter shape.

This algorithm allows a person with a compass to find their way from any point inside to an outer exit of any finite two-dimensional maze, regardless of the initial position of the solver. However, this algorithm will not work in doing the reverse, namely finding the way from an entrance on the outside of a maze to some end goal within it.

Trémaux's algorithm

Trémaux's algorithm, invented by Charles Pierre Trémaux, is an efficient method to find the way out of a maze that requires drawing lines on the floor to mark a path, and is guaranteed to work for all mazes that have well-defined passages, but it is not guaranteed to find the shortest route.

An entrance of a passage is either unvisited, marked once or marked twice. Note that marking an entrance is not the same as marking a junction or a passage, because a junction may have multiple entrances, and a passage has an entrance at both ends. Dead ends can be thought of as junctions with one entrance (imagine there being a room at each dead end).

The algorithm works according to the following rules:
 Whenever you pass through an entrance of a passage, whether it is to enter or exit a junction, leave a mark at the entrance as you pass.
 When you are at a junction, use the first applicable rule below to pick an entrance to exit through:
 If only the entrance you just came from is marked, pick an arbitrary unmarked entrance, if any. This rule also applies if you're just starting in the middle of the maze and there are no marked entrances at all.
 Pick the entrance you just came from, unless it is marked twice. This rule will apply whenever you reach a dead end.
 Pick any entrance with the fewest marks (zero if possible, else one).

The "turn around and return" rule effectively transforms any maze with loops into a simply connected one; whenever we find a path that would close a loop, we treat it as a dead end and return. Without this rule, it is possible to cut off one's access to still-unexplored parts of a maze if, instead of turning back, we arbitrarily pick another entrance.

When you finally reach the solution, entrances marked exactly once will indicate a way back to the start. If there is no exit, this method will take you back to the start where all entrances are marked twice.
In this case each passage is walked down exactly twice, once in each direction. The resulting walk is called a bidirectional double-tracing.

Essentially, this algorithm, which was discovered in the 19th century, has been used about a hundred years later as depth-first search.

Dead-end filling

Dead-end filling is an algorithm for solving mazes that fills all dead ends, leaving only the correct ways unfilled. It can be used for solving mazes on paper or with a computer program, but it is not useful to a person inside an unknown maze since this method looks at the entire maze at once. The method is to
 find all of the dead-ends in the maze, and then
 "fill in" the path from each dead-end until the first junction is met.
Note that some passages won't become parts of dead end passages until other dead ends are removed first. A video of dead-end filling in action can be seen to the right.

Dead-end filling cannot accidentally "cut off" the start from the finish since each step of the process preserves the topology of the maze. Furthermore, the process won't stop "too soon" since the result cannot contain any dead-ends. Thus if dead-end filling is done on a perfect maze (maze with no loops), then only the solution will remain. If it is done on a partially braid maze (maze with some loops), then every possible solution will remain but nothing more.

Recursive algorithm
If given an omniscient view of the maze, a simple recursive algorithm can tell one how to get to the end. The algorithm will be given a starting X and Y value. If the X and Y values are not on a wall, the method will call itself with all adjacent X and Y values, making sure that it did not already use those X and Y values before. If the X and Y values are those of the end location, it will save all the previous instances of the method as the correct path.

This is in effect a depth-first search expressed in term of grid points. The omniscient view prevents entering loops by memorization. Here is a sample code in Java:
boolean[][] maze = new boolean[width][height]; // The maze
boolean[][] wasHere = new boolean[width][height];
boolean[][] correctPath = new boolean[width][height]; // The solution to the maze
int startX, startY; // Starting X and Y values of maze
int endX, endY;     // Ending X and Y values of maze

public void solveMaze() {
    maze = generateMaze(); // Create Maze (false = path, true = wall)

    // Below assignment to false is redundant as Java assigns array elements to false by default
    for (int row = 0; row < maze.length; row++)
        // Sets boolean Arrays to default values
        for (int col = 0; col < maze[row].length; col++){
            wasHere[row][col] = false;
            correctPath[row][col] = false;
        }
    boolean b = recursiveSolve(startX, startY);
    // Will leave you with a boolean array (correctPath)
    // with the path indicated by true values.
    // If b is false, there is no solution to the maze
}
public boolean recursiveSolve(int x, int y) {
    if (x == endX && y == endY) return true; // If you reached the end
    if (maze[x][y] || wasHere[x][y]) return false;
    // If you are on a wall or already were here
    wasHere[x][y] = true;
    if (x != 0) // Checks if not on left edge
        if (recursiveSolve(x-1, y)) { // Recalls method one to the left
            correctPath[x][y] = true; // Sets that path value to true;
            return true;
        }
    if (x != width - 1) // Checks if not on right edge
        if (recursiveSolve(x+1, y)) { // Recalls method one to the right
            correctPath[x][y] = true;
            return true;
        }
    if (y != 0)  // Checks if not on top edge
        if (recursiveSolve(x, y-1)) { // Recalls method one up
            correctPath[x][y] = true;
            return true;
        }
    if (y != height - 1) // Checks if not on bottom edge
        if (recursiveSolve(x, y+1)) { // Recalls method one down
            correctPath[x][y] = true;
            return true;
        }
    return false;
}

Maze-routing algorithm
The maze-routing algorithm  is a low overhead method to find the way between any two locations of the maze. The algorithm is initially proposed for chip multiprocessors (CMPs) domain and guarantees to work for any grid-based maze. In addition to finding paths between two locations of the grid (maze), the algorithm can detect when there is no path between the source and destination. Also, the algorithm is to be used by an inside traveler with no prior knowledge of the maze with fixed memory complexity regardless of the maze size; requiring 4 variables in total for finding the path and detecting the unreachable locations. Nevertheless, the algorithm is not to find the shortest path.

Maze-routing algorithm uses the notion of Manhattan distance (MD) and relies on the property of grids that the MD increments/decrements exactly by 1 when moving from one location to any 4 neighboring locations. Here is the pseudocode without the capability to detect unreachable locations.
Point src, dst;// Source and destination coordinates
// cur also indicates the coordinates of the current location
int MD_best = MD(src, dst);// It stores the closest MD we ever had to dst
// A productive path is the one that makes our MD to dst smaller
while (cur != dst) {
    if (there exists a productive path) {
        Take the productive path;
    } else {
        MD_best = MD(cur, dst);
        Imagine a line between cur and dst;
        Take the first path in the left/right of the line; // The left/right selection affects the following hand rule
        while (MD(cur, dst) != MD_best || there does not exist a productive path) {
            Follow the right-hand/left-hand rule; // The opposite of the selected side of the line
    }
}

Shortest path algorithm

When a maze has multiple solutions, the solver may want to find the shortest path from start to finish. There are several algorithms to find shortest paths, most of them coming from graph theory. One such algorithm finds the shortest path by implementing a breadth-first search, while another, the A* algorithm, uses a heuristic technique. The breadth-first search algorithm uses a queue to visit cells in increasing distance order from the start until the finish is reached. Each visited cell needs to keep track of its distance from the start or which adjacent cell nearer to the start caused it to be added to the queue. When the finish location is found, follow the path of cells backwards to the start, which is the shortest path. The breadth-first search in its simplest form has its limitations, like finding the shortest path in weighted graphs.

See also
 Mazes
 Maze generation algorithm

References

External links
 Think Labyrinth: Maze algorithms (details on these and other maze-solving algorithms)
 MazeBlog: Solving mazes using image analysis
 Video: Maze solving simulation
 Simon Ayrinhac, Electric current solves mazes, © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Mazes
Algorithms


This is a list of notable state-level ornithological organizations in the United States.

 Florida - Florida Ornithological Society
 Georgia - Georgia Ornithological Society
 Hawaii - Hawaii Audubon Society
 Illinois - Illinois Ornithological Society
 Nevada - Great Basin Bird Observatory
 New York - New York State Ornithological Association
 North Carolina - Carolina Bird Club
 South Carolina - Carolina Bird Club
 Tennessee - Tennessee Ornithological Society
 Texas - Texas Ornithological Society
 Wisconsin - Wisconsin Society for Ornithology

See also
 List of ornithological societies

References

Ornithological organizations

Ornithological citizen science
Ornithological organizations in the United States
Ornithological


Zebrafish is a quarterly peer-reviewed journal focusing on research using the zebrafish and related species. It is published by Mary Ann Liebert.

It was founded in 2004 by Paul Collodi, professor of animal science at Purdue University.

Zoology journals
Quarterly journals
Academic journals established in 2004
Mary Ann Liebert academic journals


The Parish Church of Saint Materiana at Tintagel is a Church of England parish church in the Church of England Diocese of Truro in Cornwall, England, UK. It stands on the cliffs between Trevena and Tintagel Castle and is listed Grade I.

The first church on the site was probably erected in the 6th century, founded as a daughter church of Minster: these are the only churches dedicated to the saint and though she is usually identified with Madryn, Princess of Gwent, it has also been suggested that the dedication could refer to Saint Marcellina, sister of Saint Ambrose.

Present building

The existing church may have been created in the late 11th or early 12th century. Art historian Nikolaus Pevsner (writing in 1950) suggested that its Norman-era design includes some Saxon features, while the tower may be 13th or 15th century in date. The most significant change in its design was the restoration in 1870 by Piers St Aubyn which included a new roof. Later changes include moving the pipe organ (twice) and a number of new stained glass windows: many of these portray saints, including St Materiana, St George and St Piran. There are three modern copies of Old Master paintings, and a Roman milestone bearing the name of the Emperor Licinius (d. 324). The tower has a peal of six bells, ranging in date from 1735 to 1945. As of 2016 an electric organ is used instead of the pipe organ.

Nave

Both north and south doorways are Norman, the north cruder and perhaps earlier than the south. The north porch is probably 14th century and the south porch a later rebuilding of a 13th-century porch. The font is Norman, rather crudely carved in elvan: each of the four faces is carved with snakes and each corner with a head. Three of the windows are Norman: the largest of the others portrays St George. The walls of the central tower space (between the transepts) were planned to support a tower but this was either never built or afterwards removed as unsafe. The stone coffin lid may commemorate a priest and is of the late 13th century.

Chancel

The rood screen (which would have had access to the loft on the south side) is of the 15th century but the canopy has been removed, probably at the Reformation. The recess in the south wall is known as the Founder's Tomb and is probably of the 14th century. The east window which is recent is a memorial to Fr. Canner, vicar 1950–1976. On the north wall is a statue of the patron saint in memory of Parson Chapman, vicar 1894–1916. The chapel on the north side of the chancel is the old Lady Chapel, which is very hard to date: though it must be later than the chancel it contains a mediaeval stone altar. The recess on the north side was formerly the site of the organ but has more recently been used as a vestry.

Transepts
The altar in the north transept is modern and was originally dedicated to All Saints but it is now generally known by the name of St Symphorian from the window behind it. Symphorian, contrary to tradition, is portrayed as a bishop, and his supposed connection with this area seems to be a mistake made by John Leland in writing about the churches of Forrabury and Tintagel. The north window commemorates John Douglas Cook, editor of the Saturday Review, who is buried in the churchyard nearby.

The south transept is somewhat longer than the north and may have been lengthened to contain a tomb. A stone bench runs round part of the walls from the time when no other seating was provided in churches. The Roman inscribed stone is of the early 4th century and was found built into the western gateway of the churchyard in 1889; it bears the name of the Emperor Licinius (d. 324). The memorial brass is for Joan (d. 1430s?), mother of John Kelly who was vicar here 1407-1427 and afterwards dean of Crantock. Originally placed under the altar, it was moved to the end of the transept in 1871.

Tower
The tower at the west end was built in the 14th century and battlements were added in the 15th. The five older bells are dated 1735, 1785, 1828, and two 1868: the sixth was added in 1945. The tenor bell weighs 7-0-10. The west window has modern armorial stained glass depicting coats of arms connected with the history of this parish.

Churchyard

This is unusually large for a churchyard in Cornwall though it has apparently been extended three times. To the east of the older part (which is approximately circular in shape) are areas which came into use probably in the early 19th and mid-20th centuries. The north-east part was previously part of the Trecarne Lands. The churchyard cross and the war memorial are both modern and formed of granite. All the pre-Victorian gravestones are of local slate: the earliest of them are between 1690 and 1710. There were excavations here in 1990 and 1991 (north-west of the church).

The most interesting memorials are the tomb of John Douglas Cook, founder editor of the Saturday Review (d. 1868) north-west of the church, and the wooden cross over the grave of Domenico Catanese (d. 1893) to the east. (On 20 December 1893 at Lye Rock the barque Iota was driven against the cliff. The crew were able to get onto the rock and apart from a youth of 14 were saved: his grave is marked by a wooden cross (the name is given in the official Italian usage, surname first: Catanese Domenico, on a lifebuoy).

The jacket illustration for J. L. Carr's A Month in the Country shows Tintagel Parish Church whereas the story is set in Yorkshire. The grave outside the churchyard wall was suggested by Tintagel where a number of early graves were encountered in ploughing Trecarne Lands and excavated in 1956. They were dated most probably between 500 and 1000 AD by the county archaeologist.

Parish registers
The parish registers begin for burials in 1546, for baptisms in 1569 and for marriages in 1588. (Register entries up to 1668 were all written by a single scribe copying the previous records.)

Vicars
The earliest recorded vicar was Gervase de Truueru in 1259; the longest serving Gerance Davye, 1581–1629; and the second longest Richard Byrn Kinsman, 1851–1894. The patrons of the benefice since 1534 have been the Dean and Canons of Windsor. The patronage belonged in the 13th and 14th centuries to the French abbey at Fontevrault (now known as Fontevraud-l'Abbaye) in Anjou.

Parish status

The church is in the Boscastle and Tintagel group of parishes which includes:

St Symphorian's Church, Forrabury
St Merteriana's Church, Minster
St Michael and All Angels' Church, Lesnewth
St Denis' Church, Otterham
St Julitta's Church, St Juliot
The Holy Family Church, Treknow
St Piran's Church, Trethevy
St Petroc's Church, Trevalga

The parish was until recent times in the deanery of Trigg Minor, then in that of Trigg Minor and Bodmin but now in the Stratton deanery.

References

Bibliography
 Canner, A. C. (1953) The Ancient Parish Church of Tintagel: a new guide. Tintagel: [P. C. C.] (There are many later editions.)

Tintagel
Tintagel
English churches with Norman architecture
Tintagel
Tintagel


Stade Universitaire Saint-Léonard is a stadium in Fribourg, Switzerland, located next to Patinoire Saint-Léonard.  It is currently used for football matches and is the home ground of FC Fribourg. The capacity is 9,000, consisting of 1000 seats and 8,000 standing places.

References

Football venues in Switzerland
Fribourg
Buildings and structures in the canton of Fribourg
FC Fribourg


John Hanboys, also John Hamboys and possibly J. de Alto Bosco (fl. 1370), was a medieval musical theorist from England.

Biography
Very little is known of the life of Hanboys. He may have come from one of the villages of Little or Great Hautboys in Norfolk. In the attribution of one version of the treatise Summa super musicam he is called 'doctoris musice reverendi'. It has been assumed that because he was called 'reverend', may have been a monk or friar, but this uncertain. Traditionally authors followed the earliest biographical source John Bale's Illustrium maioris britanniae scriptorum (Summary of the Writers of Britain) (1548), which uses the spelling 'Hamboys' and indicates he received a liberal education from an early age, but was chiefly devoted to the study of music. That he was eloquent and accomplished, and after studying for many years in 'the school of his land' he was given the degree of doctor of music. He adds that he was 'the most noted man of his day in England' and that he came to prominence in 1470 in the reign of Edward IV (r.1461-83). If he did hold a doctorate of music it was probably one of the first from Oxford or Cambridge, although the common assertion in older literature that it was the first held from Oxford is not clear from the sources, and Bale may simply be expanding his biography from the title 'doctoris musice', which could be read as 'learned in music'. More recently Brian Trowell has argued that he can be identified with J. de Alto Bosco, the Latin title of a musician mentioned in the motet Sub Arturo plebs, which is probably from a century earlier, in the 1370s. It is possible that Bale only knew the Summa from a later edition and so may have assumed the period of authorship to fit with that or he may have conflating him with fifteenth-century composer and theorist John Hothby (d. 1487).

Work and influence
Following Bale, Hanboys is traditionally identified as the author of a (now unknown) volume of music and, more securely, of an important musical treatise Summa super musicam continuam et discretam, a theoretical work on music that discusses the origins of musical notation and mensuration from the thirteenth century and proposes several new methods for recording music. It discusses the differences between the ars antiqua and developing ars nova styles of music and proposes the expansion of the mensural system to a total of eight figures.

Notes

References

English composers
Renaissance composers
Year of death unknown
English music theorists
Year of birth unknown
English male classical composers
English classical composers


Sportplatz Hafenareal is a stadium in Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.

It is currently used for football matches and is the home ground of FC Kreuzlingen. The capacity is 1,200. The stadium has 200 seats and 1,000 standing places. The stadium is part of a complex on the banks of Lake Constance in the port area of Kreuzlingen. In 2007 a new club house was erected.

Hafenareal
Kreuzlingen


General elections were held in the Cook Islands on 2 November 1983. The result was a victory for the Democratic Party, which won 13 of the 24 seats. A coalition government was formed with the opposition Cook Islands Party, with Democratic Party leader Thomas Davis as Prime Minister and CIP leader Geoffrey Henry as Deputy Prime Minister. Henry was later replaced with Terepai Maoate.

Background
In the March 1983 elections, the CIP had won a 13–11 majority in Parliament, resulting in CIP leader Geoffrey Henry becoming Prime Minister. Shortly after the elections, the Democratic Party MP for Atiu lost their seat after a successful petition against the result in the constituency, increasing the CIP majority to three. A court case also began as Henry had failed to resign from office within the first seven days of the parliamentary session and seek re-appointment, as required by the constitution. This was initially viewed as a technicality due to the CIP majority in Parliament. However, in July CIP MP Matapo Matapo died and Tupui Henry left the CIP to sit with the Democratic Party, resulting in an 11–11 tie. The final verdict of the Court of Appeal was announced on 29 July, requiring Henry to resign.

Without a majority, Henry resigned on 2 August. Queen's Representative Gaven Donne convened a series of votes to determine who could attain a parliamentary majority, with the vote on 10 August ending as 11 each for Geoffrey and Tupui Henry. With the Atiu by-election – almost certain to be won by the Democratic Party – due on 12 August, Donne asked the two leaders to wait until the by-election for Matapo's seat before a government was appointed. Tupui Henry and Leader of the Opposition Vincent Ingram agreed in the belief that they could win Matapo's former constituency. However, Geoffrey Henry declined. This resulted in Donne dissolving Parliament on 17 August, calling fresh elections for November, and appointing Geoffrey Henry as caretaker Prime Minister with restricted powers.

Campaign
Prior to the elections, Tupui Henry formed a new party, the Cook Islands Party for Alliance, which put forward seven candidates. The Unity Party nominated three candidates, one of whom withdrew before polling day. Following the elections earlier in the year, the CIP did not publish a new manifesto as its policies had not changed.

Results
Deputy Prime Minister George Ellis and minister Fanaura Kingstone were amongst the incumbent MPs losing their seats.

Aftermath
Following the elections, the result in the constituency of Ruaau was declared void due to treating by an unsuccessful candidate.

References

1983 11
Cook
General
Cook
1983 Cook


Newswipe with Charlie Brooker is a British news review comedy programme broadcast on BBC Four during 2009 and 2010 which was written and presented by Charlie Brooker. It is similar to Brooker's Screenwipe series which is also shown on BBC Four. A first series of six episodes ran between 25 March 2009 and 29 April 2009. A second series began on 19 January 2010 and concluded on 23 February 2010.

Format
The aim of Newswipe was to expose the inner workings of news media, just as Screenwipe does to television in general.

The series was a comic, thoughtful and acerbic analysis of recent news coverage. Newswipe also looked at the way the news is presented to the public. Experts were on hand to pick apart certain stories and analysed the news media's obsessions.

Charlie Brooker commented: "This is new territory for me: I'm no current affairs expert. Just like, I suspect, many people, when I tune into the news I often feel like I've wandered into episode 389 of the world's most complex soap opera. So it's also about me trying to make sense of a bewildering and often bloody stupid world."

Like Screenwipe, much of the programme was filmed in Brooker's living room, with shots of him sitting in front of his TV (and laptop) with remote in hand talking to camera, occasionally bellowing insults or sarcastic comments at whatever happens to be shown at the time, interspersed with shots of shows.

Reaction
The Times, reviewing the first episode, called it "glorious, perceptive and rude" and exposing "the inanity of 24-hour news".

A clip entitled "How To Report The News" from episode two of the second series amassed over two and a half million views on YouTube after it was syndicated by The Huffington Post soon after its first airing. It is currently the ninth 'top rated' video of all-time on the site.

Newswipe won the Entertainment category award at the Royal Television Awards in 2010, beating both Britain's Got Talent and The X Factor, and was also nominated for a BAFTA in the same year for Best Entertainment Programme, however on this occasion losing to Britain's Got Talent.

Episodes

Series 1

Series 2

See also
 Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe
 Charlie Brooker's Gameswipe
 You Have Been Watching
 The Daily Show

References

External links

2000s British satirical television series
2010s British satirical television series
2009 British television series debuts
2010 British television series endings
BBC Television shows
Television series about television
Television series created by Charlie Brooker
Television series by Banijay
Television series by Zeppotron
British television spin-offs
English-language television shows
Political satirical television series


Cuthbert Carroll Thicknesse (19 November 1887 – 2 June 1971) was Dean of St Albans from 1936 until his retirement in 1955.

Born into an ecclesiastical family of Lancashire landed gentry, the son of Ven. Francis Norman Thicknesse, and educated at Marlborough and Keble College, Oxford, he was ordained in 1913. He was firstly a Curate of St John-at-Hackney. He became a Temporary Chaplain to the Forces in May, 1915. He was sent to Flanders in January, 1917, attached to the Royal Artillery but, 4 months later, was wounded in the knee. He was invalided out in 1917 By then, he had married Rhoda Oonah Marjorie Moran Pratt, and the Archbishop of York was able to have him appointed Rector of Bedworth, a post reserved for Chaplains to the Forces. In 1922, he moved to Wigan, and was made an Honorary Chaplain to the King. In 1934, he was recommended for the vacant see at Guildford but was unsuccessful. He became Dean of St Albans two years later. Noted for a ‘volcanic’ temperament, he was a fierce opponent of nuclear weapons, and he refused to hold a service of celebration in St Albans Cathedral at the cessation of the war with Japan in August 1945.  He was described in his obituary as “a high church man and convinced Anglican”.

References

1887 births
People educated at Marlborough College
Alumni of Keble College, Oxford
Honorary Chaplains to the King
Deans of St Albans
1971 deaths
World War I chaplains
Royal Army Chaplains' Department officers


Dean Wells may refer to:

 Dean Wells (American football) (born 1970), American football player
 Dean Wells (English footballer) (born 1985), English footballer
 Dean Wells (politician) (born 1949), Australian politician
 Dean Faulkner Wells (1936–2011), American author, editor and publisher

See also
Dean of Wells


The Potterrow Mandela Centre or Potterrow Student Centre is operated by Edinburgh University Students' Association in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Site and architecture
The name "Potterrow" recalls a medieval suburb which stood outside the town walls. Its Victorian buildings and street layout disappeared when the university demolished the area for redevelopment in the mid-1960s. With its distinctive large Plexiglas dome, the building was designed by noted architects Morris and Steedman and completed in 1973. The centre was refurbished in 2012.

Use
Potterrow contains a variety of student entertainment and support services including a shop, a bank, two cafés, Edinburgh's largest nightclub, the university's Chaplaincy, The Advice Place and the main EUSA offices. In 1986, students voted to rename the centre in honour of imprisoned anti-apartheid revolutionary Nelson Mandela.

During the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in August, the building is used as a comedy venue under the name Pleasance Dome with five performing spaces, operated by the Pleasance Theatre Trust.

Gallery

References

Buildings and structures of the University of Edinburgh
1973 establishments in Scotland
School buildings completed in 1973