Metropolia University of Applied Sciences  () is the largest University of Applied Sciences in Finland. The university has four fields of study: culture, business, health care and social services, and technology. Teaching is also provided in English.

The number of students is 16,200 and the staff about 930. In the year 2019 nearly 2,794 Bachelor's and 477 Master's students graduated from Metropolia.

Metropolia's background

EVTEK University of Applied Sciences and Helsinki Polytechnic Stadia merged into Metropolia University of Applied Sciences on 1 August 2008. Since then, the operations were moved from 20+ premises, to 4 modern campuses.

International Metropolia

Metropolia University of Applied Sciences in Finland is has a noted international presence among universities specializing in applied sciences. At the university, international activities encompass six degree programmes, mobility for students and teachers, overseas work placement, and various projects. Approximately 1,450 foreign students representing 90 nationalities study at the university. Approximately 550 students from Metropolitan participate in exchange programs lasting over 3 months at international partner schools. Conversely, Metropolia welcomes around 450 exchange students. Metropolia maintains partnerships with over 400 universities worldwide.

Staff

In the year 2019 the number of staff was 933, including 224 teachers with research degrees. Metropolia takes part in international staff exchanges. Summer ICT School is fully organized by teachers from abroad.

Organization

Metropolia is an LTD-company. The shareholders in the company are the capital region cities Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen and the municipality of Kirkkonummi.

The managing director, President is Ms Riitta Konkola.

The Board of Directors starting 10 May 2019

 Chairperson Henri Kuitunen, Helsinki
 Elina Lehto-Häggroth, Vantaa
 Martti Lipponen, Vantaa
 Kalevi Ekman, Espoo
 Harri Rinta-aho, Espoo
 Tuula Saxholm, Helsinki
 Liisa Pohjolainen, Helsinki
 Kirsti Hämäläinen, staff representative
 Valtteri Markula, student representative

Campuses

Metropolia is located in Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Currently Metropolia concentrates its operations on four campuses: Arabia and Myllypuro Campuses in Helsinki, Karamalmi Campus in Espoo and Myyrmäki Campus in Vantaa.

Helsinki
Myllypuro Campus
Campus teaching students in medical field and architecture. The newest campus, opened in January 2019 with 3000 students and 250 employees. The second part of the campus was opened in January 2020. Currently, about 6000 students are attending this campus. The entire project cost about 165 million euros.
Arabia Campus
Creative Campus, hosting lessons mainly dedicated to culture, conservation and design.

Vantaa
Myyrmäki Campus
Campus for sustainable technology and business. There are now 3500 students and 230 staff members operating on the campus in the fields of industrial technologies and international business. The construction of the last extension of this campus was finished in August 2018.

Espoo
Karamalmi Campus
Developer Campus for Smart Solutions. Metropolia's new Developer Campus for Smart Solutions in Karamalmi, Espoo was opened in August 2019. Leppävaara Campus in Espoo was closed on March 4, 2019, due to safety reasons. The property owner, City of Espoo, informed Metropolia about the poor condition of the campus structures on Feb 14, 2019 and urged Metropolia to move campus activities away as soon as possible to maximize students and staff members security.

Other premises

Helsinki

 Arabia Campus: Arabiankatu 2
 Arabia Campus: Hämeentie 161
 Kaupintie

Espoo

 Koskelo Hall

Academics
Metropolia currently has 43 bachelor's degrees. The awarding titles vary, depending on the chosen field. Some of them, but not limited are: bachelor of engineering, bachelor of business administration, bachelor of health care, bachelor of social services, bachelor of culture and arts. There are also 26 master-level studies. As university of applied sciences, Metropolia does not offer doctoral studies. Thanks to ongoing Bologna process, alumni of bachelor's degree from Metropolia are eligible to master-level programs in traditional universities.

Metropolia educates students  in the fields of Business, Culture, Health care and Social services, and Technology. Differences in each study programme are visible from the very beginning, as many of them are specialized in given field.

Metropolia takes part in the Finnish Joint Application. After meeting basic requirements for the undergraduate studies, international applicants take part in entrance examination organized by Metropolia. The contents of this test is different for every degree. Future students are selected based on their score. Applicants may also apply by using SAT test results. Minimum scores for every degree may vary, but they average around 1250 points.

International relations

Metropolia University of Applied Sciences is one of the most international universities of applied sciences in Finland. International activities at Metropolia include international degree programmes, student and teacher mobility, work placement opportunities abroad and various projects.

 Erasmus+
 La Trobe University
 Kwantlen Polytechnic University
 Lakehead University
 University of Saskatchewan
 Chitkara University
 Heimerer College
 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
 Namibia University of Science and Technology
 Durban University of Technology
 International Institute of Health Sciences
 University of Colombo
 Weber State University
 Texas Tech University
 The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
 Tokyo National College of Technology (TNCT)
 Sendai National College of Technology
 Universiti Sains Malaysia
 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
 Polytechnic of Namibia
 Unitec Institute of Technology: Civil Engineering
 Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnical University
 St. Petersburg State University of Economics
 Temasek Polytecnic
 Ajou University
 Kyungpook National University
 Seoul National University of Science and Technology
 Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud (HEIG-VD)
 Yuan Ze University
 Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT)
 Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls
 Temple University
 Toyo University
 Lingnan University
 Donghua University
 Minnesota State University in Mankato

Networks

 European Association for International Education (EAIE)
 HUMINT, (Human Resource Management)
 Nice Network
 Association Européenne des Conservatoires (AEC)
 ANMA, Nordiska Konservatoriorådet
 European Network for Conservation-Restoration Education (ENCoRE)
 European network on cultural management and policy (ENCATC)
 International Association of Film and Television Schools (CILECT)
 International Association of Jazz Educators (IAJE)
 International Association of Schools of Jazz (IASJ)
 International Council of Museums - Committee for Conservation (ICOM-CC)
 International Institute for Conservation (IIC)
 Cumulus, International Association of Universities and Colleges of Art, Design and Media
 Consortium of Higher Education in Health and Rehabilitation in Europe (COHEHRE)
 European Association of Training Centres for Socio-Educational Care Work (FESET)
 European Network of Occupational Therapy (ENOTHE)
 World Federation on Occupational Therapy (WFOT)
 European Network for Physiotherapy in Higher Education (ENPHE)
 European Network of Podiatry in Higher Education (ENPODHE)
 Osteopathic European Academic Network (OSEAN)
 The European Council of Optometry and Optics (ECOO)
 The European Academy of Optometry and Optics (EAOO)
 European Society for Engineering Education (SEFI)
 Network for the Development of European Programmes in Higher Education (BUSINET)
 UNESCO International Centre for Engineering Education (UICEE)
 FEANI:European Federation of National Engineering Associations

Studies

Business
All undergraduate business studies at Metropolia lead to the bachelor of business administration degree. Some learning pathways offer the option to gain double degree with partner institutions. Metropolia had the highest ranked business teaching in any Finnish University of Applied Sciences business programme in 2017.

Teaching takes place at the  Myyrmäki Campus. The school offers three bachelor-level business studies, two of them in English. Metropolia also offers learning pathways leading to MBA degree.

Health care and Social services
Metropolia conducts many degrees in the fields of health care and social services. There are two bachelor's degrees in English (nursing and social services) and 15 in Finnish. The school also offers master-level studies leading to the MHA (master of health care) degree. All degrees in this fields are hosted in Myllypuro Campus.

Metropolia pilots special learning environment, called Well-being and Health Village. In this place, students provide free medical services under  supervision. The idea behind Village is to give students a taste of real-world medical work experience. Some of the services are: prosthetics and orthotics services, osteopathy services, physiotherapy services.

Culture
All teaching in the culture field is in Finnish. There are 8 undergraduate degrees and 7 master's degrees. All teaching takes places at the Arabia Campus and nearby premises. Metropolia UAS is the first Finnish university to offer a degree focused in its entirety on XR design.

Technology
Studies in the field of technology take place in two campuses. Myyrmäki campus mainly focuses on industrial technology, and teaching in  Karamalmi campus is more IT-based. Metropolia has a wide variety of industrial degrees, such as automotive engineering or industrial management. All industrial-based studies are conducted in Finnish. The school has two IT programs, one of them in English.

RDI
Metropolia publishes around 100 RDI projects each year in cooperation with partner networks. Right now, Metropolia focuses its research on five phenomenon-based innovation hubs. In 2018, Metropolia's external RDI income amounted to about EUR 5.4 million. One of the most prominent projects is Sohjoa Baltic, that promotes and pilots automated driverless electric minibuses as part of the public transport chain, especially for the first/last mile connectivity. Sohjoa Baltic consortium has partners from Finland, Estonia, Sweden, Latvia, Germany, Poland, Norway and Denmark.

Innovation hubs

 Clean and Sustainable Solutions
 Customer-oriented Wellbeing and Health Services
 Data-driven Construction
 Functional City for People
 Smart Mobility

Other RDI programs

 Service Robotics
 Customer-oriented Technology Applications
 Urban Farm
 Sohjoa Baltic

References

Education in Helsinki
2007 establishments in Finland


St. David was an Ontario provincial riding that existed from 1926 to 1987. It covered a section of the eastern city of Toronto east of Sherbourne Street and west of the Don River. The riding lasted until 1987 when it was merged with the neighbouring St. George to create a larger district called St. George—St. David.

Boundaries
In 1926 the riding was carved out of the existing ridings of Toronto Northeast and  Toronto Southeast with the following boundaries. The southern boundary was Toronto Harbour. Going north along the west side it formed a line following Sherbourne Street north to Bloor Street. The boundary went west to Yonge Street and north along Yonge to St. Clair Avenue. It went east along St. Clair until the street was interrupted by the Moore Park ravine. It followed the ravine southeast towards the Don River and then followed the river until it entered Toronto Harbour.

Prior to the 1934 election, the riding boundary at the north end was changed. Instead of following Bloor Street, the boundary instead went north following Sherbourne Street where it turned into MacLennan Avenue (now Sherbourne Street North). It followed this street north to the CPR right-of-way. It then went west along the right-of-way until it reached the Vale of Avoca ravine now occupied by David Balfour Park. It followed ravine north through the Mount Pleasant Cemetery until it reached a point where Yonge Street was crossed by the former Belt Line Railway right-of-way. It then turned east following the original Belt Line right-of-way which curved south to join up with the path of Mud Creek. It then went southeast towards the Don River.

In 1945 the northern boundary was altered to reflect a new street configuration. MacLennan Avenue was replaced by the following line of neighbourhood streets: Sherbourne Street North, Glen Road, Highland Avenue, Schofield Avenue before rejoining MacLennan Avenue. The southwest boundary was altered slightly so that the boundary followed the Don Roadway south instead of following the Keating Channel west.

In 1967 the boundaries were significantly altered. Starting at the foot of Parliament Street, the western boundary headed north to Bloor Street. It then headed west to Yonge Street where it turned north again ending at Davisville Avenue just south of Eglinton Avenue. The boundary then went east along Davisville to Bayview Avenue, then south along Bayview to Moore Avenue, west along Moore Avenue before heading southeast following the Mud Creek to the Don River. The river was followed to a point just north of the Bloor Viaduct where the old Toronto city limits was met. It turned east following the city limits until it reached Jackman Avenue. The boundary then turned south and followed Jackman Avenue, Hampton Avenue, Sparkhall Avenue, Broadview Avenue, Gerrard Street East, DeGrassi Street, Queen Street East and finally Carlaw Avenue and this was followed south to end at the outer Toronto Harbour.

In 1975 the northern boundary was altered slightly. It was moved north from Davisville Avenue to Manor Road between Yonge Street and Bayview Avenue. No other changes were made. The boundaries remained like this until 1987 when it was merged with the neighbouring riding of St. George to form St. George—St. David.

Members of Provincial Parliament

Election results

1926 boundaries

1934 boundaries

1945 boundaries

1967 boundaries

References

Notes

Citations

Former provincial electoral districts of Ontario
Provincial electoral districts of Toronto


The James Lorin Richards House is an historic house and carriage barn in Newton, Massachusetts.  The house is located at 47 Kirkstall Road and the carriage barn, which has been converted to a residence, is at 22 Oakwood Road.  The high-style Shingle buildings were designed by Samuel J. Brown and built in 1901 for James Lorin Richards, a successful businessman who made his fortune in tobacco, and was heavily involved in Boston-area electric companies.  He also served as president of Norumbega Park, a major early-20th century amusement park in Newton.

The house and barn were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton, Massachusetts

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Newton, Massachusetts
Queen Anne architecture in Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1901
Shingle Style houses
Shingle Style architecture in Massachusetts


In mathematics, more specifically in the representation theory of reductive Lie groups, a -module is an algebraic object, first introduced by Harish-Chandra, used to deal with continuous infinite-dimensional representations using algebraic techniques. Harish-Chandra showed that the study of irreducible unitary representations of a real reductive Lie group, G, could be reduced to the study of irreducible -modules, where  is the Lie algebra of G and K is a maximal compact subgroup of G.

Definition
Let G be a real Lie group. Let  be its Lie algebra, and K a maximal compact subgroup with Lie algebra . A -module is defined as follows: it is a vector space V that is both a Lie algebra representation of  and a group representation of K (without regard to the topology of K) satisfying the following three conditions
1. for any v ∈ V, k ∈ K, and X ∈

2. for any v ∈ V, Kv spans a finite-dimensional subspace of V on which the action of K is continuous
3. for any v ∈ V and Y ∈

In the above, the dot, , denotes both the action of  on V and that of K. The notation Ad(k) denotes the adjoint action of G on , and Kv is the set of vectors  as k varies over all of K.

The first condition can be understood as follows: if G is the general linear group GL(n, R), then  is the algebra of all n by n matrices, and the adjoint action of k on X is kXk−1; condition 1 can then be read as

In other words, it is a compatibility requirement among the actions of K on V,  on V, and K on . The third condition is also a compatibility condition, this time between the action of  on V viewed as a sub-Lie algebra of  and its action viewed as the differential of the action of K on V.

Notes

References

Representation theory of Lie groups


Alpiscorpius alpha is a species of scorpion which is indigenous to southern Switzerland and northern Italy, west of the river Adige in northern Italy. It is a small, black scorpion, it is normally less than  in length. It is usually found in humid, mountainous areas, under stones, logs etc., but also in humid parts of buildings such as cellars.

References

External links
 scorpion-files

Euscorpiidae
Animals described in 1950
Fauna of Italy
Fauna of Switzerland
Scorpions of Europe


In statistics, Gaussian process emulator is one name for a general type of statistical model that has been used in contexts where the problem is to make maximum use of the outputs of a complicated (often non-random) computer-based simulation model. Each run of the simulation model is computationally expensive and each run is based on many different controlling inputs. The variation of the outputs of the simulation model is expected to vary reasonably smoothly with the inputs, but in an unknown way.

The overall analysis involves two models: the simulation model, or "simulator", and the statistical model, or "emulator", which notionally emulates the unknown outputs from the simulator.

The Gaussian process emulator model treats the problem from the viewpoint of Bayesian statistics. In this approach, even though the output of the simulation model is fixed for any given set of inputs, the actual outputs are unknown unless the computer model is run and hence can be made the subject of a Bayesian analysis. The main element of the Gaussian process emulator model is that it models the outputs as a Gaussian process on a space that is defined by the model inputs. The model includes a description of the correlation or covariance of the outputs, which enables the model to encompass the idea that differences in the output will be small if there are only small differences in the inputs.

See also
Kriging
Computer experiment

References
Currin, C., Mitchell, T., Morris, M., and Ylvisaker, D. (1991) "Bayesian Prediction of Deterministic Functions, with Applications to the Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 86, 953–963.
Kimeldorf, G. S. and Wahba, G. (1970) "A correspondence between Bayesian estimation on stochastic processes and smoothing by splines," The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 41, 495–502.
O'Hagan, A. (1978) "Curve fitting and optimal design for predictions," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B, 40, 1–42.
O'Hagan, A. (2006) "Bayesian analysis of computer code outputs: A tutorial," Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 91, 1290–1300.
Sacks, J., Welch, W. J., Mitchell, T. J., and Wynn, H. P. (1989) "Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments," Statistical Science, 4, 409–423.

Ensemble learning
Statistical randomness
Statistics articles needing expert attention
Bayesian statistics


The cloud sponge (Aphrocallistes vastus) is a species of sea sponge in the class Hexactinellida. It is a deep-water reef-forming animal. The species was first described by F.E. Schulze in 1886.

Description
The cloud sponge takes the form of a large cup with an irregularly folded wall about  thick. This is pierced by many pores about  wide and covered by a thin dermal membrane. The skeletal elements form a lattice-like structure made up of fused spicules of silica. These mesh together and project into the adjoining canals. There is a fir-tree like concentration of spicules running through the body wall with the branches either having rounded or knobbly ends.
 The form of the sponge varies according to the location in which it is found. It often has a mitten-like structure or may be tall and cylindrical or bowl-like but in areas with strong currents can be dense and compact.

Distribution
The cloud sponge is found in the northern Pacific Ocean. Its range includes Japan, Siberia, the Aleutian Islands and the west coast of North America from Alaska southwards to California and Mexico. It is a reef-building species found in deep waters on the western Canadian shelf growing on sediment-free rocks. It grows and is more easily studied in fiords off the coast of British Columbia at depths of only .

Ecology
The cloud sponge is one of several species of glass sponge that form slow growing reefs in deep water. Their skeletons create habitat for diverse communities of invertebrates and fish. Its body is primarily made of biogenic silica (>90%) which is of no nutritional value yet dorid nudibranchs (Diaulula lentiginosa and Doris odhneri) have been shown to engorge themselves with cloud sponge.

The cloud sponge is fragile and has a texture rather like dry toast. Its growth rate is slow with juveniles growing into moderate sized individuals in ten or twenty years. It is easily damaged by seabed trawling and seems to be killed by severe trauma although small injuries can be repaired.

See also
 Hexactinellid sponges (glass sponges)
 Sponge reef
 Sponge Reef Project

References

Hexactinellida


Farnell Newton (born March 21, 1977) is a composer and jazz trumpeter.

Farnell Newton was born in Miami, Florida, and moved to Philadelphia in 1992, where he attended the Philadelphia High School for Creative and Performing Arts. While in Philadelphia, Newton also studied with his uncles, saxophonist/arranger Conny Murray and Sunny Murray, one of the early avant garde’s most inventive and influential drummers.

Newton graduated from the Denver School of the Arts after moving to Denver in 1994 and then moved to Ohio to study at the Oberlin Conservatory of Music. At Oberlin, Newton studied music performance with an emphasis in jazz and was mentored by Wendell Logan and trumpeter Kenny Davis. Newton performed with Aretha Franklin, James Moody, Muhal Richard Abrams, and Hugh Ragin while at Oberlin.

After graduating from Oberlin, Newton moved to Portland, Oregon, where he performed regularly with drummer Mel Brown, percussionist Bobby Torres, Akbar Depriest, and many others. He earned a Master’s degree in Jazz Studies and Performance from Portland State University in 2008.

After completing his graduate work, Newton toured extensively with three time Grammy award-winning singer-songwriter Jill Scott and with the Legendary Rhinestone Rockstar Bassist “Bootsy” Collins.

When he is not spending time with his family, leading his funk band (The Othership Connection), or hosting his own jazz radio show at KMHD 89.1fm, he is touring & recording.  Over the years Farnell has performed with Jarrod Lawson, Stevie Wonder, Skerik, Lettuce, Slightly Stoopid, Karl Denson, Galactic, Nigel Hall, Mike Phillips, and the Portland Cello Project.  Newton also created a jazz social media group called Jam of the Week in 2013 which now features over 70,000 members worldwide.

Discography
As leader
 2011 Class Is Now in Session
 2015 Ready To Roll
 2017 Back To Earth
 2019 Lofijazzsoul
 2019 7 Days of Rain
 2019 Lofi Nights
 2019 Rippin' & Runnin 2020 Wake Up
 2021 Feel The Love
 2021 7 Days of Rain Vol. 2As guest'''
 2006 Liv Warfield, Embrace Me 2006 Stolen Sweets, Shuffle off to Buffalo 2006 Mike Van Liew, Polyglot 2007 Lifesavas, Gutterfly 2007 Othello, Alive at the Assembly Line 2007 Caña Son, Self Titled 2008 Pete Krebs, Pete Krebs Trio 2008 Willy Vlautin, A Jockeys Christmas 2009 Portland Jazz Orchestra, Good Morning Geek 2010 Hidden Beach, Unwrapped Vol. 7 2011 Bootsy Collins, Tha Funk Capital of the World 2011 DJ Kemit, Everlasting 2011 The Chicharones, Swine Flew 2014 The Yumatics, 90 Miles to Yuma 2015 Dirty Revival, Dirty Revival 2016 Xperience, Chasing Grace 2016 Mic Capes, Concrete Dreams 2016 Princess Freesia, Stellarsonic! 2017 Avery Sunshine, Twenty Sixty Four 2018 Ants Ants Ants, Why Why Why? 2018 Chance Hayden, Get Somethin' 2019 Tyrone Hendrix, Rhythm on Life Vol. 2 2019 Michalangela, As I See It 2019 14KT, For My Sanity 2019 Ezra Weiss, We Limit Not The Truth of God 2020 Nimzo, Resonance Theory 2020 Will Jordan, Be Good 2020 Mike Phillips, Pulling Off The Covers 2020 Raheem DeVaughn, What a Time to Bein Love 2020 Donte Thomas, how you like them APPLES? 2020 Tales of Wonder, A Jazz Celebration of Stevie 2021 Lofijazzsoul, Winter Soulstive 2020 2021 Posi-tone Swingtet, One for 25 2021 Jon Corbin, Stay Right Here 2021 2 that Native, Everything Is Golden 2021 JxJury, Dope Dealer. 2021 DJ O.G. One, Testimony 2022 MicCapes, In Spite Of 2022 Milc, Windbreaker 2022 Cartoons, Homegrown''

External links
Official site
All About Jazz profile

Notes

1977 births
Living people
Oberlin College alumni
Portland State University faculty
Musicians from Miami
American jazz trumpeters
American male trumpeters
21st-century trumpeters
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians


Cayuga Park is a neighborhood park and playground in San Francisco, at the edge of the Cayuga Terrace neighborhood. Its history, location and aesthetics make it unique among the parks of San Francisco.

History
In 1986, Demetrio Braceros was assigned to the  Cayuga Park, with the mission to "change the atmosphere." He created and installed the landscape art present around the park.

In 2009, Eric Powell was commissioned to create the Cayuga Portal steel art sculpture introduced in 2013.

Amenities
The park features an accessible children's playground, picnic area, community rooms, bathrooms, outdoor basketball court, outdoor tennis courts, and a multipurpose turf area with a baseball field.

Public art installations

Cayuga Portal
The entrance gates to the park were recreated as a painted steel public art installation by Eric Powell. It was commissioned in 2009 and unveiled in 2013.

Landscape art
The aesthetics of Cayuga Park is largely the creation of Demetrio Braceros, an employee of the San Francisco Recreation and Park Department. Braceros worked on the park for over 20 years, transforming a barren landscape into a park that features lush vegetation, trails, "themed gardens" and, most prominently, over 375 figurines, totem poles and statues as well as several observation decks, all carved from wood by Braceros.

After emigrating from the Philippines in 1973, Braceros worked for a San Francisco law firm but soon applied for a job as a gardener at the Recreation and Park Department. In 1986, Braceros was assigned to the park with the mission to "change the atmosphere."

Braceros said about the state of the park when he took it on, "there were prostitutes, drug dealers and crime. People got killed up there ... I thought to myself, how can I help this place?"

Notes

Parks in San Francisco
Culture of San Francisco
Naïve art
Art in San Francisco
Mission District, San Francisco


Chorizanthe douglasii is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family known by the common names San Benito spineflower and Douglas' spineflower. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the mountains of the Southern California Coast Ranges, from the Santa Lucia Range east to the Gabilan Range.

Description
It is an erect herb producing a hairy stem up to about half a meter in maximum height. The leaves are up to 4 centimeters long and mainly arranged about the base of the plant, with a whorl of leaves at the middle of the stem as well. The inflorescence is a cluster of flowers, each surrounded by six purple to bright pink bracts which may be all fused together. The bracts are tipped in straight awns. The flower itself is 3 or 4 millimeters wide and white or pink in color.

References

External links
Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Chorizanthe douglasii
UC CalPhotos gallery of Chorizanthe douglasii

douglasii
Endemic flora of California
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of Monterey County, California
Natural history of San Benito County, California
Natural history of San Luis Obispo County, California
Gabilan Range
~
~
Taxa named by George Bentham
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


A total lunar eclipse took place on Friday, March 24, 1978, the first of two total lunar eclipses in 1978. The moon passed through the center of the Earth's shadow. The Moon was plunged into darkness for 1 hour, 30 minutes and 40.2 seconds, in a deep total eclipse which saw the Moon 45.179% of its diameter inside the Earth's umbral shadow. The visual effect of this depends on the state of the Earth's atmosphere, but the Moon may have been stained a deep red colour. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours, 38 minutes and 34.5 seconds in total.

This is the 54th member of Lunar Saros 122. The previous event is the March 1960 lunar eclipse. The next event is the April 1996 lunar eclipse.

Visibility
It was seen completely over Asia and Australia, and rising over Africa and Europe. It was seen setting over Pacific Ocean on the morning of Friday 24 March, 1978.

Related lunar eclipses

Eclipses in 1978
 A total lunar eclipse on Friday, 24 March 1978.
 A partial solar eclipse on Friday, 7 April 1978.
 A total lunar eclipse on Saturday, 16 September 1978.
 A partial solar eclipse on Monday, 2 October 1978.

Lunar year series

Tritos series

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two solar eclipses of Solar Saros 129.

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

1978-03
1978-03
1978 in science
March 1978 events


A business prohibition is a prohibition issued by a court that prohibits an individual from holding a position of responsibility in a corporation. Business prohibitions are given as punishments and as preemptive measures following aggravated offences while in office, such as false accounting, or gross neglect of duties. The objective is to ascertain public trust in corporations: if the offender's actions are liable to damage the trust of debtors, partners or other parties of contracts, a business prohibition is issued.

An individual with a business prohibition may not found or run any sort of a corporation, be in a corporate executive board, be employed as a CEO or even use one's powers as a stock owner, even by proxy. If a proxy agrees to circumvent the prohibition, he may be convicted as an accessory to a crime.

References

Tort law


A total lunar eclipse took place on Saturday, May 24 and Sunday, May 25, 1975, the first of two total lunar eclipses in 1975. The Moon was plunged into darkness for 1 hour and 28 minutes in a deep total eclipse which saw the Moon 43% of its diameter inside the Earth's umbral shadow. The visual effect of an eclipse depends on the state of the Earth's atmosphere, but the Moon may have been stained a deep red colour. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours and 35 minutes in total. Occurring only 4.4 days after perigee (Perigee on May 20, 1975), the Moon's apparent diameter was 0.7% larger than average. The moon was 377,010 km (234,263 mi) from the Earth at greatest eclipse.

The eclipse was a dark one with the southern tip of the moon passing through the center of the Earth's shadow. This was the first central eclipse of Saros series 130.

Visibility
It was completely visible over North and South America, seen rising over Australia on the evening of Sunday 25 May 1975, and setting over Africa, and Western Europe on the morning of Sunday 25 May 1975.

Related lunar eclipses

Eclipses in 1975
 A partial solar eclipse on Sunday, 11 May 1975.
 A total lunar eclipse on Sunday, 25 May 1975.
 A partial solar eclipse on Monday, 3 November 1975.
 A total lunar eclipse on Tuesday, 18 November 1975.

Lunar year series

Saros series

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of Solar Saros 137.

See also
Lists of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses

References

External links

 The Total Lunar Eclipse of May 24-25, 1975, Feinstein, A., Forte, J. C., & Cabrera, A.

1975-05
1975-05
1975 in science
May 1975 events


A total lunar eclipse took place on Friday, August 6, 1971, the second of two total lunar eclipses in 1971. A dramatic total eclipse lasting 1 hour, 39 minutes and 24.8 seconds plunged the full Moon into deep darkness, as it passed right through the centre of the Earth's umbral shadow. While the visual effect of a total eclipse is variable, the Moon may have been stained a deep orange or red colour at maximum eclipse. This was a great spectacle for everyone who saw it. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours, 35 minutes and 31.9 seconds in total. Occurring only 2.2 days before perigee (Perigee on Monday, August 9, 1971), the Moon's apparent diameter was 3.6% larger than average and the moon passed through the center of the Earth's shadow.

Visibility
It was completely visible over Africa and Asia, rising over South America, and setting over Australia.

Relation to other lunar eclipses

Lunar year series

Saros series

Lunar Saros 128 contains 15 total lunar eclipses between 1845 and 2097 (in years 1845, 1863, 1881, 1899, 1917, 1935, 1953, 1971, 1989, 2007, 2025, 2043, 2061, 2079 and 2097). Solar Saros 135 interleaves with this lunar saros with an event occurring every 9 years 5 days alternating between each saros series.

Inex series

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of Solar Saros 135.

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

1971-08
1971-08
1971 in science
August 1971 events


A total lunar eclipse took place at the Moon's descending node of the orbit on Wednesday, February 10, 1971, the first of two total lunar eclipses in 1971. It had an umbral magnitude of 1.30819. The Moon passed through the center of the Earth's shadow. The Moon was plunged into darkness for 1 hour, 22 minutes and 11.4 seconds, in a deep total eclipse which saw the Moon 30.819% of its diameter inside the Earth's umbral shadow. The visual effect of this depends on the state of the Earth's atmosphere, but the Moon may have been stained a deep red colour. The partial eclipse lasted for 3 hours, 44 minutes and 42.9 seconds and in total. Occurring only 2.7 days before apogee (Apogee on Saturday, February 13, 1971), the Moon's apparent diameter was 5.9% smaller than average.

Visibility
It was completely visible from North America, rising from Eastern Asia, Australia, and setting over South America, Europe and Africa.

Related eclipses

Lunar year series

Saros series

It last occurred on January 29, 1953 and will next occur on February 20, 1989.

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of Solar Saros 130.

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 20th-century lunar eclipses

Notes

External links

1971-02
1971-02
1971 in science
February 1971 events


The Jardin des Olfacties (5 hectares) is a botanical garden specializing in scented plants. It is located at the Place de l'Église, Coëx, Vendée, Pays de la Loire, France, and open daily in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.

The garden was founded in 1942 as a public park, one hectare in size, and was transformed in the 1990s to become an olfactorium with an emphasis on scented plants, taking its current name in 1998. Between 1998 and 2000 the garden was enlarged to its current size, augmented its botanical collections, and became a member of the Jardins botaniques de France.

Today the garden contains about 3,000 plant taxa arranged into a dozen thematic gardens. It has particular strengths in pelargoniums and roses, and its national collection of carnations has been recognized by the Conservatoire français des collections végétales spécialisées (CCVS).

Gallery

See also
 List of botanical gardens in France

References

 Jardin des Olfacties
 BGCI entry
 1001 Fleurs entry (French)
 Conservatoire des Jardins et Paysages entry (French)
 Ville Coëx description (French)

Gardens in Vendée
Botanical gardens in France


Kerwhizz (strapline: The Quiz with added Whizz) is a live-action animated British children's television game show which originally aired on CBeebies between 2008 and 2011. The series uses a mix of CGI and Live action, and is targeted towards four to six-year-olds.

Summary
The show is moderated and presented by Kerwhizzitor (Jacob Scipio), the only regular live-action character. Three teams of two CGI characters, each comprising a human child racer and a part-living, part-mechanical animal pet, must answer five rounds of questions, each featuring a regular 2D animated animal character, to win a choice of pod mod for their respective racing pods. In addition, one of the five rounds offer the chance to win a mystery pod mod. Each pod mod and mystery mod is an unconventional accessory that may or may not give its user a better chance of winning the race. The teams are cheered on by three groups of live-action children dressed in the teams' colours and waving team flags. The teams also score points focused on how many questions they answered correctly.

All of the questions are multiple-choice with the answers colour-coded red, green, yellow or blue (not coincidentally, these are the standard colours of the function buttons on TV remote controls). Once the question rounds are complete, the teams choose their pod mods and then the teams' pods are assembled and built around them and their respective pod mods are installed, fitted and added to their pods. The pods are then raised through the roof of the studio into the CGI race world. Each race world is a themed racing environment (the questions usually include clues to the theme) containing three or occasionally four zones and each story and race comprises two or occasionally three laps (except in "The Deserted Desert Dash" which is a novelty race with no set route and a hidden finish line). All of the teams are likely to encounter unexpected setbacks and opportunities along the way, making the outcome of each race unpredictable. Each episode ends with the winner of each race getting revealed, then some of the teams do activities based on the theme since they didn't race and the Kerwhizzitor saw what happened to some of the teams.

Characters

Questionmaster
 Kerwhizzitor (created and played by Jacob Scipio) moderates the quiz, asks the questions, makes bad puns and rhymes based on the theme and tries to keep the teams in order. In the race world and the story world sequences Kerwhizzitor commentates.

Contestants
 Team Ninki comprises Ninki (voiced by Kriselle Basilio), a dark-skinned 10-year old girl with bunches, a Mid-European accent and a singing voice that is commonly said to be "terrible" (although while introducing her team at the beginning of every episode she sings well); and Pip (vocal effects by unknown), a green-furred creature somewhat resembling a Scottish terrier with an extendable metal neck. Pip can't speak, but can often shape his barks and growls into an approximation of words. Despite this Ninki sometimes fails to hear him when he gets a question wrong and offers her own right answer instead, causing him to growl in frustration. Team colour: yellow. Team logo: yellow star.
 Team Twist compromises Twist (voiced by Alex Velleman), a highly confident, desperate to be cool, blond 12-year old boy with pale skin and a fixation for style; and Snout (voiced by Jermaine Woods), not credited on series 2 for unknown reasons) who resembles an orange-furred, two-legged woolly mammoth with a plastic trunk and has a fixation of his own with sprouts. In the episode "Planet Snout" the eponymous planet is revealed to be his homeworld and the origin of his vegetable obsession. It is also revealed that Snout has two nephews called Rocko and Ricko. Team colour: blue. Team logo: blue spiral.
 Team Kit comprises Kit (voiced by Telka Donyai), a fair-skinned 11-year old girl with blue hair who is very brainy and good at thinking around problems. Though her confidence in her abilities is as great as Twist's, occasionally causing some girl-boy rivalry between them; and Kaboodle (voiced by Yasmin Garrad), who is basically a furry ball with a face, two conical plastic ears/antennae and a springy conical plastic leg. She appears to be less mature than the other racers and often requires emotional support from Kit. She is able to electrify anything after bouncing for long enough. Team colour: pink. Team logo: pink lightning bolt.

Question hosts
These characters appear in the flash-animated question sequences. None of them speak, since the questions are all read by the Kerwhizzitor. In many episodes they, or characters based on their designs, also appear in CGI form in the race world sequences, where they are much bigger than the human contestants. They are also silent.
 Natterjack the Toad presents two questions per episode based on picture recognition. A typical question might involve the teams identifying one of four pictures that is identical to one that Natterjack has drawn.
 Burping Hurbert the Burpasaur presents one question based on visual memory. This typically involves Hurbert eating one of several objects and the teams having to choose which one it was from four alternatives.
 King Pong the Skunk presents "Hunt That Skunk", in which he hides in or behind four objects in rapid succession. Pip, Snout, and Kaboodle have to decide which object was his last hiding place in order to win the Mystery Mod. King Pong's appearance is always heralded by a smelly green vapour. Occasionally he is replaced by his relatives, such as the pirate Long Pong Silver (who smells even worse than King Pong himself), or by Queen Pong or Princess Pong (who both smell very nice and produce fragrant pink vapour, unlike King Pong himself).
 Kat Kool the Cat presents "Kat Kool's Sound Round", one question based on auditory memory. Typically Kat Kool or his band will play a tune, and the teams must then choose which of four alternative tunes matches.

Songs
 Kerwhizz Theme Song
 Kerwhizz (End Title)

Episodes

In other languages
Polish: Kwizerr
Dutch (Flanders): Kwiskwat
Hebrew: Hikon, Chidon, Hop! (In this version, the Kerwhizzitor is and called Ron Chidon and played by Rami Tzion)
Hungarian: Csűrcsavarosdi
Spanish:  Kerwhizz

Broadcast
Nederlands: Ketnet
Hebrew: Hop! Channel
Hungarian: M2
South Africa: M-Net
Spanish:
United Kingdom: CBeebies, BBC One
United States: Tubi

Reception
British psychologist Aric Sigman refers to Kerwhizz as a perfect example of what television makers claim is educational, despite his insistence to the contrary. Sigman goes on to say that "the phrase 'educational television' was, of course, invented by people who make television", "to me it's an oxymoron.".

Lawsuit
In 2011, cartoonist Michael Mitchell sued the BBC and CBeebies, claiming that Kerwhizz's human CGI characters were based on his own designs for a proposed series called The Bounce Bunch. The BBC and CBeebies denied these claims. In the England and Wales Patents County Court in December 2011, His Honour Judge Birss, QC found that the Kerwhizz characters did not infringe Mr Mitchell's copyright.

References

External links

2000s British animated television series
2010s British animated television series
2000s British children's television series
2010s British children's television series
2000s preschool education television series
2010s preschool education television series
2008 British television series debuts
2011 British television series endings
Animated preschool education television series
Animated television series about children
BBC children's television shows
British children's game shows
British children's animated television shows
British preschool education television series
British television series with live action and animation
CBeebies
English-language television shows
Animated television series about auto racing


The Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory (HURL) is a regional undersea research program within the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) at University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, in Honolulu. It is considered one of the more important of the independently run undersea research laboratories in the U.S.  HURL operated two deep diving submersibles, the Pisces IV and Pisces V and specializes in supporting scientific ocean research and exploration. HURL is actively involved in monitoring deep-sea ecosystems, including coral habitats and fisheries, and conducts maritime archaeology research including documenting World War II wreckage from the Attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.

HURL suspended operations after the retirement of the support ship Kaʻimikai-o-Kanaloa, but may resume operations in the future.

Science Dive Program
The Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory was founded in cooperation with U. S. government's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1980. HURL became a regional center in NOAA's National Undersea Research Program (NURP). The University of Hawaiʻi had been donated the submersible Makali’i (formerly Star II), which launched HURL's science dive program on July 14, 1981, with its first dive into the Oak Crater in Eniwetok Atoll. This three-month long expedition included scientists from the Defense Nuclear Agency, Lawrence Livermore Labs, and the Air Force Weapons Agency to conduct research on the effects of nuclear testing. Since 1981, they spent nearly 9,000 hours underwater around the Pacific Ocean. HURL has facilitated the long-term study of the Lo’ihi submarine volcano since 1987 and has analyzed its unique ecosystem and documented the growth of this new Hawaiian Island including investigation the collapse event in 1996. In 2005, they conducted a five-month expedition from Honolulu, Hawaii to New Zealand along the Tonga-Kermadec arc during which they conducted 78 submersible dives and explored 13 different active volcanoes, 12 of which had never been explored before. In 2011, HURL made the first two-sub dive into Lo’ihi's pit crater for a National Geographic documentary and celebrated 1,000 dives with the Pisces submersibles.

At the end of March in 2012, NOAA zeroed out all funding to HURL and closed down its National Undersea Research Center (NURC, formerly NURP). All program assets owned by NOAA were gifted to the University of Hawaiʻi.  The lab continued to operate on residual funding and on what limited funding that the University of Hawaiʻi could provide. Anticipating this decline in funding, HURL resurrected some of their old technology by placing their Launch, Recovery, and Transport (LRT) back into service. The LRT-12 and the LRT-30a were submersible pontoon barges, that were used from 1981–1996 to launch the Makali’i and the Pisces V respectfully before the arrival of University of Hawaiʻi research ship, Kai’imi’kai o’ Kanaloa (KOK). By returning to operating of the LRT-30a, the lab was able to reduce their day rate by nearly 70%, thus making them more attractive to potential customers. HURL continued to operate through the 2013 and 2014 dive seasons logging another 46 dives. Maritime Heritage and documentary dives contributed more needed financing, but it was evident that the University of Hawaiʻi would be unable to financially carry the program for any duration without more outside support. By January 1, 2015, nearly all of HURL's staff had been let go leaving only a few personnel to maintain the two submersibles.

In June 2015, a proposed science expedition to China had emerged, allowing HURL to proceed with its required refit on the Pisces IV and the addition of more operations personnel. The project was scheduled for March to July 2016. However, after completing their series of test dives and within two days of their scheduled departure, the project was “put on hold” indefinitely due to “increased tensions in the South China Sea”. In the fall of 2016, new interest in the submersibles led to the first dives on Cook and McCall Seamounts and a return visit to the Lo’ihi Volcano funded by Conservation International. This successful exploration was immediately followed by two expeditions funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) to the Northwest Hawaiian Islands and Emperor Seamounts in 2016 and 2017 consisting of 24 and 53 coral survey dives.

Maritime Heritage Discoveries and Ordnance Surveys

On December 6, 1984 the submersible Makali’i came upon a fully intact Douglas SDB-5 Dauntless dive bomber. This aircraft was found 213 m deep off Koko Head, Oahu during a science dive studying deep invertebrates. The aircraft was videoed, surveyed, and subsequently its history was researched. The discovery kick-started a side program within the lab to continue the documenting the wreck sites of the various aircraft, ships, submarines, automobiles, and other miscellaneous remnants of Hawaii's past that the submersibles encountered. HURL has since surveyed and researched more than 140 such sites. Nearly all of these were found during each year's 3 preseason test and training dives. A number of these artifacts have been found to be of significant historic value, such as the Ward's midget submarine and the mysterious “3-Piece” midget submarine that took part in the December 7th attack on Pearl Harbor. The giant seaplane “Marshall Mars”, the gunboat USS Bennington, the cable-laying ship USS Kailua, the Japanese fleet submarines I-400, I-401, I-124, and I-201, and several turn-of-the-century Inter-island steamships have also been located and surveyed. Other artifacts discovered include over 25 WWII era landing craft ranging in size from 30’ LVT's to 330’ LST's, various aircraft as early as four 1931 Keystone PK-1 Seaplanes to WWII and Korean War era military planes to light engine civilian aircraft that went down in the 1980s and 90's. More than 60 automobiles have been found that were built from 1917 to the mid-1940s Including military trucks, construction equipment, hand cranked touring cars, and sedans. These vehicles are spread out over a 7-mile span off South Oahu.

On March 3, 2009 HURL began a series of dives off South Oahu under contract with the US Army to conduct an assessment of the chemical weapons disposed at sea after WWII.  The Hawaii Undersea Military Munitions Assessment (HUMMA) project led by Margo Edwards consisted of 16 dives in 2009 and 14 dives in 2012. Although HURL has observed thousands of pieces of ordnance of numerous types over the past decades, the primary weapon of interest for this project was the M41A2 100-pound mustard gas bombs of which it is estimated that 16,000 were disposed of off Oahu. More than 100 of this particular type of bomb have been observed and several were selected for survey. Samples were collected from the sediment, water, and marine life in the immediate vicinity of these bombs. Other conventional weapons, and areas void of ordnance, were also surveyed for comparison.

Salvage & Special Projects
In addition to its traditional science dive program, HURL has also conducted a number of dives to locate and recover lost vehicles or instruments. This started with the recovery of the SeaMarc II lost off South Oahu in January 1989.  As of 2015, HURL had recovered eleven items from the deep sea with a 100% success rate. The submersibles have also been chartered by several non-academic organizations for various projects that range from pipeline inspections, sewer outfall surveys, cable route surveys, and numerous television documentaries. In 2011 and again in 2013, the Pisces V made dives in conjunction with technical divers. The submersible would pinpoint particular sites of interest and deploy a buoy with down line for the divers. This allowed the divers, who had a very limited bottom time, to make the most efficient use of their time on location and conduct operations that required more precise dexterity than the submersible manipulator arms can perform.

Salvage Operations Details

Documentaries involving HURL

References

External links
NURC-HURL home page

1980 establishments in Hawaii
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Oceanographic organizations
University of Hawaiʻi
Geology of Hawaii
Research institutes established in 1980


Ghosts is the fourth studio album by the Denton, Texas punk rock band The Marked Men, released January 27, 2009 by Dirtnap Records. Like their previous albums, the band recorded, produced, and mixed it themselves in a converted shed in their hometown of Denton.

The album received positive reviews from critics, with most noting that its speed and the brevity of most of the songs necessitated repeat listens to notice its more intricate qualities. Bryne Yancey of Punknews.org remarked that "there's so much going on underneath the surface of these songs that once all the intricacies hit your ears, it might cause you to wonder aloud if anyone else who's not in the band notices them. Sure, anyone can listen to the Marked Men, but to hear them is a completely different experience." Luke Jackson of Alternative Press noted "To be perfectly honest, Ghosts won't grab you at first. Sure, they're a band playing loud, fast, and exceptionally tight, but the pop-punk market has been so oversaturated that it takes a lot for a band like Marked Men to be anything but white noise. However, once you hit your fourth or fifth listen, the hooks will finally start to sink in."

Track listing
All songs written by The Marked Men
"All in Your Head" – 2:13
"Ditch" – 1:51
"Fortune" – 1:57
"My Love" – 1:56
"I Must Be Dead" – 1:55
"Head Set" – 1:35
"Locked Up" – 1:16
"Not That Kid" – 1:54
"Stay Away" – 1:52
"Get to You" – 2:14
"Ghosts" – 2:26
"Shaky Ground" – 1:28
"Red Light Rumors" – 2:06
"One More Time" – 2:44
"Blew My Head" – 2:57

Personnel
Jeff Burke – guitar, lead vocals
Mark Ryan – guitar, lead vocals, cover design
Joe Ayoub – bass guitar
Mike Throneberry – drum kit, backing vocals
Alan Douches – mastering
Alex Zavaleta – cover photo
Recorded by The Marked Men

References

2009 albums
The Marked Men albums


Camilla "Ylla" Koffler (; 16 August 1911 – 30 March 1955) was a Hungarian photographer who specialized in animal photography. At the time of her death she "was generally considered the most proficient animal photographer in the world."

Biography
Koffler was born in Vienna, Austria, to a Romanian father and Croatian mother, both Hungarian nationals. At age eight, she was placed in a German boarding school in Budapest, Hungary. In 1926, the teenage Koffler joined her mother in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, where she studied sculpture with Italian Yugoslav sculptor Petar Pallavicini at the Academy of Fine Arts; finding that her given name Camilla was the same as the Serbian for "camel" (, ), she changed it to "Ylla" (pronounced ee-la).

In 1929, Ylla received a commission for a bas-relief sculpture for a Belgrade movie theater. By 1931, she had moved to Paris, France, where she studied sculpture at the Académie Colarossi and worked as photo retoucher and assistant to photographer Ergy Landau.

In 1932, Ylla began photographing animals, exhibited her work at Galerie de La Pléiade, and opened a studio to photograph pets. In 1933, she was introduced to Charles Rado and became a founding member of the RAPHO press agency.

In 1940, New York's Museum of Modern Art submitted her name to the U.S. Department of State requesting an entry visa; she immigrated to the United States in 1941.

In 1952, Ylla traveled to Africa, and in 1954 she visited India for the first time.

In 1953, en route with her mother to Cape Cod by plane, the plane ran out of fuel and crashed. Ylla, trapped under water, struggled to free herself and fainted upon reaching the surface. She was rescued by a fisherman, her mother drowned. Proceeds from wrongful death insurance helped pay for Ylla's journey through India the following year.

In 1955, Ylla was fatally injured after falling from a jeep while photographing a bullock cart race during festivities in Bharatpur, North India. The last photographs she ever took were published in the November 14, 1955 issue of Sports Illustrated.

Quotes and posthumous tributes
Julian Huxley:

Charles Rado:

Harry Phillips, Publisher of Sports Illustrated:

Movie Hatari! Character Based on Ylla
Her life work of photographing animals inspired famous movie director and producer, Howard Hawks, so much that he had his script writer, Leigh Brackett, change the script to create one of the main characters based on Ylla for his blockbuster movie, Hatari!, starring John Wayne. Hawks said, "We took that part of the story from a real character, a German girl. She was the best animal photographer in the world." The movie character Anna Maria "Dallas" D’Alessandro is a photographer working for a zoo and was played by actress Elsa Martinelli.

Selected bibliography
1937 Chiens par Ylla/Ylla's Dog Fancies, Jules Supervielle (Paris: Editions OET/London: Methuen Publishers)
1937 Chats par Ylla, Paul Léautaud (Paris: Editions OET)
1938 Animal Language, Julian Huxley (includes recordings of animal calls) (London: Country Life Press; New York: Grosset & Dunlop; 2nd ed. 1964)
1944 They All Saw It, Margaret Wise Brown (New York: Harper & Brothers)
1947 The Sleepy Little Lion, Margaret Wise Brown (New York: Harper & Brothers)
1947 Le Petit Lion, Jacques Prévert (Paris: Arts et Métiers Graphiques)
1950 Tico-Tico, Niccolo Tucci (New York: Harper & Brothers); 1952: Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes (Paris: Libraire Gallimard)
1950 O Said the Squirrel, Margaret Wise Brown (London: Harvill Press)
1950 Des Bêtes..., Jacques Prévert (Lausanne: Edition Jean Marguerat; Paris: Libraire Gallimard)
1950 Animals, Julian Huxley (New York: Hastings House; London: Harvill Press)
1952 The Duck, Margaret Wise Brown (New York: Harper & Brothers; London: Harvill Press)
1953 Animals in Africa, L.S.B. Leakey (New York: Harper & Brothers; London: Harvill Press; Paris: Robert Delpire/Revue Neuf; Hamburg: Christian Wegner)
1956 Twee kleine beertjes = Deux petits ours, Paulette Falconnet (Brussel ; Amsterdam : Elsevier)
1958 Animals in India (Lausanne: La Guilde du Livre/Clairefontaine; New York: Harper & Brothers)

Notes

References
Beaumont Newhall: Photography 1839-1937 (Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1937)
John Szarkowski: The Photographer’s Eye (Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1966)
“Charles Rado, 71, of Photo Agency; Developed Popular Books from Ylla's Portfolio”, New York Times, October 5, 1970. (Obituary)
Ylla (Musée Nicéphore Niépce, Chalon-sur-Saône, 1983)
The Animal in Photography 1843-1985, ed. Alexandra Noble (The Photographers’ Gallery, London, 1986)
Les Femmes Photographes de la Nouvelle Vision en France 1920-1940, Christian Bouqueret (Editions Marval, Paris, 1998)
1000 Dogs, ed. Raymond Merritt & Miles Barth (Taschen, Cologne, 2002)

External links
Biography, including a complete bibliography, examples of her portraits, and portraits of Ylla

1911 births
1955 deaths
Hungarian photographers
Nature photographers
Hungarian women artists
Hungarian people of Romanian descent
Académie Colarossi alumni
Hungarian women photographers
20th-century women photographers
Hungarian people of Croatian descent
Photographers from Vienna


A myocardial bridge (MB) is a congenital heart defect in which one of the coronary arteries tunnels through the heart muscle itself (myocardium). In normal patients, the coronary arteries rest on top of the heart muscle and feed blood down into smaller vessels (ex. septal arteries) which then take blood into the heart muscle itself (i.e. populate throughout the myocardium). However, if a band of muscle forms around one of the coronary arteries during the fetal stage of development, then a myocardial bridge is formed – a "bridge" of heart muscle over the artery. Each time the heart squeezes to pump blood, the band of muscle exerts pressure and constricts the artery, reducing blood flow to the heart. This defect is present from birth. It is important to note that even a very thin ex. <1 mm and/or short ex. 20 mm MB can cause significant symptoms. MBs can range from a few mm in length to 10 cm or more. The overall prevalence of myocardial bridge is 19%, although its prevalence found by autopsy is much higher (42%).

Symptoms and signs
While many people have very tiny myocardial bridges that cause no symptoms, others have longer and/or deeper bridges causing significant symptoms, including children. For example, some patients cannot run or exercise at all, others can exercise despite symptoms such as shortness of breath or feelings of tightness in the chest, and still others find improvement of symptoms during exercise. Many competitive athletes have had severe myocardial bridges and unroofing surgery.

The symptoms of myocardial bridges differ slightly from patient to patient depending on the length, depth, and location of the bridge. Common symptoms include:
 Dizziness
 Shortness of breath
 Fatigue
 Chest pain/angina
 Palpitations/arrhythmia i.e. irregular heart rhythm
 Squeezing/tightness/pressure/pain in chest, shoulder, jaw, armpit, neck, and/or down the arm
 Inability to exercise, walk, do chores, have to sit/lie down
 Feeling like chest is “going to explode”
 Feeling of something “clamping down” in the chest
 Fainting/passing out (syncope) and/or feeling like one is about to faint

Complications
Myocardial bridges can cause numerous complications – which are often as misunderstood in the medical community as the condition itself. These include:
 angina pectoris (chest pain radiating from the heart)
 endothelial dysfunction, which causes vasospasms – both sometimes very severe
 arrhythmia (irregular heartbeats)
 tachycardia (abnormally high heart rate)
 plaque forming just before (proximal to) the myocardial bridge

Note that studies have shown that plaque does not form inside myocardial bridges, yet there is virtually always plaque just before the myocardial bridge in adults.

Some common triggers of myocardial bridge symptoms are:
 exertion/exercise
 anything that raises the heart rate, even positive events
 low-oxygen environments ex. hot humid weather, high altitude
 sitting/lying/doing nothing for long periods

Notably, high heart rate or tachycardia greatly increases ischemia (low oxygen to the heart) caused by myocardial bridges. Studies such as Ripa et al., 2007  have shown that this is because the compressed artery reopens only very slowly each heartbeat and thus stays in a state of semi-compression for most or all of the diastolic period. Thus as the heart rate increases, the time the artery has to reopen (diastolic period) decreases dramatically – to the point that with very high heart rates, the artery never fully reopens and blood flow is constantly reduced.

Diagnosis
There are three key tests currently used to diagnose myocardial bridges by Stanford University: CT scan, cardiac catheterization, and stress ultrasound.
 CT scan – on which the myocardial bridge often appears as a compressed or squashed area of the artery in which, notably, the fatty areas surrounding the artery (shown in black on CT scans) disappear, since the artery is tunneling through muscle not fat in this area. CTs often allow an assessment of an approximate length and depth of the myocardial bridge, but compression cannot be assessed accurately from a CT scan.
 IVUS cardiac catheterization including dFFR measured during dobutamine challenge – from which readings of dFFR and percentage compression as well as measurements of the approximate length and depth (shown as the halo or echolucent band) of the MB are taken. It is critical to note that in order to be meaningful in diagnosing a myocardial bridge, it is critical to measure dFFR i.e. the diastolic period, not mean FFR. This is because, contrary to a common misconception, myocardial bridges cause compression of the artery during diastole as well as systole, as explained above. This has been shown in multiple studies. It is also critical that the dobutamine challenge be used, elevating the heart rate, because dFFR decreases significantly at high heart rates as shown by Yoshino et al., 2014.
 Stress echocardiogram (i.e. before and after running on a treadmill) – used to identify evidence of ischemia i.e. a lack of oxygen delivered to the ventricle due to the MB. This test does not visualize the MB itself but rather its effects on the ventricle. Multiple studies have shown that ischemia from MBs is indicated by the appearance "septal buckling" in the stress echocardiogram, as the septum gives out under stress., which a 2013 paper by Lin et al. describes as "a transient focal buckling in the end-systolic to early-diastolic motion of the septum with apical sparing which correlates prospectively with the presence of LAD MB."

As much of the science of testing for MBs is relatively new, patients frequently go undiagnosed. Stanford's center for myocardial bridges has offered second opinion services from a distance for some ten years, including to numerous international patients.

Notably, EKG is not a reliable or conclusive diagnostic tool for diagnosing MBs. Some symptomatic MB patients show normal EKG results and others abnormal.

Many doctors have suggested that there is a need for more awareness of MBs among doctors and better testing, including testing of young people as the disease is congenital. According to a 2007 study by Ripa et al.:
"Clinical suspicion of a myocardial bridge would be warranted in all cases of typical or atypical chest pain in subjects who have a low probability of atherosclerosis because they are free from the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, particularly in the young."

In a 2017 article in Stanford Medical Center's official blog Scope, Dr. Ingela Schnittger stated:
"Many of these patients have these heartbreaking stories to tell. They can’t hold a job, they can’t travel, they can’t take care of their families. Most cardiologists are completely at a loss. They know myocardial bridges exist, but they have been taught they are benign and never cause problems... When these patients go to the ER, and they go there a lot, all the cardiology tests come back normal. They’re told, 'Here’s a little Valium. I think you’re anxious.' They get belittled, not taken seriously, and they get really depressed."

Treatment
Myotomy, commonly known as unroofing surgery, is the first-line surgical treatment for myocardial bridges. It is the only treatment that actually removes the myocardial bridge itself, releasing the artery from compression. Unroofing surgery today is done via open heart (sternum), thoracotomy (through the ribs), and also using robot-assisted surgery (through tiny keyholes in the chest). Full open heart surgery is usually reserved for very large myocardial bridges and/or specific situations that make thoracotomy difficult. By far, Stanford University has done more unroofing surgeries than any other hospital in the world, with over 200 unroofings completed since starting a decade ago. In 2019, University of Chicago surgeon Dr. Husam Balkhy emerged as a provider of robotic-assisted unroofing surgery, with some patients being possible candidates for this route.

If done properly, unroofing removes the entire band of muscle affecting the artery, restoring more blood flow. Stanford University Medical Center's 2016 study by Pargaonkar et al. showed that unroofing surgery “significantly improves anginal symptoms” and improves “all five dimensions of the SAQ” i.e. Seattle Angina Questionnaire. Some residual symptoms caused by complications from a lifetime of living with a myocardial bridge may continue after unroofing surgery such as endothelial dysfunction, vasospasm, plaque, narrowed artery. However, these often improve slowly over a year or more once the myocardial bridge is gone.

A few cases have occurred in various hospitals in which patients have not been completely unroofed, leaving segments of the MB, resulting in lingering symptoms.

A critical point is that the endothelial dysfunction and vasospasms caused by myocardial bridges cannot start to heal until unroofing surgery is done, because the MB continues to squeeze on the artery, damaging the artery lining.

Bypass surgery is not the first line treatment for myocardial bridges for two main reasons:
 Competitive flow problem – blood can flow the wrong way i.e. continue to flow down the original artery instead of the new artery that has been grafted on.
 Jailed septal arteries still jailed – a jailed artery is a septal artery (a branch off the coronary artery) that lies inside the myocardial bridge and is thus also compressed with each heartbeat. Septal arteries are critical as they carry blood into the heart septum. Bypass surgery alone does not remedy jailed septal arteries, which still do not get blood flow.

Notably, many myocardial bridge patients have had bypass surgery only to later need unroofing surgery after the bypass proved unsuccessful.

However, papers by Ekeke et al., 2015  and others have shown bypass surgery is helpful as an addition to supplement unroofing surgery, but only when there is significant plaque just before (proximal to) the myocardial bridge or anatomic anomalies increase the risk of recurrence of such plaque.

A 2013 Russian study by Bockeria et al. concludes that this competitive flow problem is much more likely to occur if the LIMA artery is used for the graft rather than the SVG, so the SVG is recommended.

Stents are never indicated as a treatment for myocardial bridges because trials have shown they are prone to breaking when the artery is squeezed each heartbeat.

Unroofing surgery has been performed in the United States, Belgium, Spain, Italy, England, China, Russia, United Arab Emirates among other countries. Hospitals that have performed unroofing surgery include:
 Stanford University Medical Center – surgeon Dr. Jack Boyd; team leader Dr. Ingela Schnittger
 University of Chicago Medical Center – surgeon Dr. Husam Balkhy
 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
 Cleveland Clinic
 Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi – surgeon Dr. Johannes Bonatti (currently in Austria)
 Texas Heart Institute
 Kaiser Permanente, Santa Clara, CA – Dr. David Scoville
 Baylor Scott and White Hospital, Texas – surgeon Dr. Jeffrey Wu
 Spectrum Health Butterworth Hospital, Michigan – Dr. Marzia Leacche
 Hospital de las Cruces, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain – Dr. Crespo and Dr. Aramendi
 Istanbul University Hospital – Dr. Ihsan Bakir
° St Francis Hospital and Heart, NYC- Dr Newell Robinson

In many other countries, including a number of highly developed countries such as the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Sweden, and Singapore, unroofing surgery for myocardial bridges remains unavailable, and in some, the condition remains unrecognized as a medical problem.

Prevalence
The true prevalence of MBs is still largely unknown, as studies have made vastly different assessments. As a 2017 Stanford paper by Rogers, et al. points out:

History
According to Stanford University Medical Center, MBs are often misunderstood by doctors, who may have been taught that the condition is always benign. As a result, patients are often denied treatment. But a great deal of science has emerged in the past decade to clarify the condition. In particular, Stanford has published over 15 articles on MBs since 2014. One commonly recurring reason for denial of treatment is the myth that myocardial bridges do not significantly affect blood flow. But this myth has been debunked by Stanford and also Daoud and Wafa 2012 who say:

In other words, while the myocardial bridge itself only compresses the artery while the heart squeezes (systolic period), which is only 15% of the time in the heartbeat cycle, in fact, the artery stays compressed long after the heart relaxes. This is because arteries are sturdy and pliable, so after being compressed they are very slow to reopen, remaining in some level of semi-compression for most if not all of the diastolic period i.e. the other 85% of the heartbeat cycle (hence the critical need for dFFR testing in diagnosing myocardial bridges). Thus the coronary artery is fully open to allow normal blood flow for only a small percentage of each heartbeat cycle. This problem is further exacerbated by tachycardia (high heart rate), which can bring the duration of normal blood flow to zero, as explained below. Dr. Ingela Schnittger, head of the Myocardial Bridge Research Center at Stanford, has appeared on BBC Radio to explain this.

See also
 Cardiac CT
 Angiography

References

Heart diseases


Israel–Poland relations comprise diplomatic relations between Israel and Poland. Israel has an embassy in Warsaw, while Poland has an embassy in Tel Aviv. The Polish ambassador to Israel is Marek Magierowski, while the newly appointed Israeli ambassador to Poland is Yacov Livne, and the charge d'affaires is Tal Ben-Ari Yaalon. Both countries are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Union for the Mediterranean and United Nations.

In 2007, approximately 1,200,000 Israeli citizens were eligible for Polish citizenship, including about 202,300 people who were born in Poland or had a Polish-born father. David Ben-Gurion, Menachem Begin, Shimon Peres and other important figures in Israeli history were born in Poland.

History

Starting in the late 900s, Poland was home to one of the largest Jewish communities in Europe. In World War II and the Jewish genocide perpetrated by Germany, much of Poland's Jewish community was wiped out and many of those who survived were subjected to anti-Jewish violence and other hostility in Poland. Most of the survivors emigrated to other countries, with about 70,000 emigrating to Israel.

Communist era
From 1947 until the fall of its Communist regime in 1989, Poland was a part of the Soviet Bloc and followed Soviet policy towards Israel. As part of the Bloc, on 29 November 1947 Poland voted in favor of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, which led to the establishment of the state of Israel. On 19 May 1948,  Poland also recognized Israel and established diplomatic relations. In September 1948, Israel opened a diplomatic mission in Warsaw. Poland continued to follow Soviet policy towards Israel.  After 1951, relations with Israel deteriorated as the Soviet Union significantly increased its involvement in the Arab world. In June 1967, after the Six-Day War, Poland joined the Soviet Bloc in severing diplomatic relations with Israel.

In May 1948, Polish-born David Ben-Gurion became Israel's first prime minister.

In 1986, Poland initiated contacts with Israel, and both countries soon opened interest offices in the other country, and in 1988 an Israel-Poland Chamber of Commerce was formed.

Post Communist era

In 1989, Poland's communist government fell, and in November 1989 Polish-born Israeli Deputy Prime Minister Shimon Peres visited Poland, paving the way for the resumption of diplomatic relations. During his visit, Peres met with Polish President Wojciech Jaruzelski and Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki. Full diplomatic relations were restored on 27 February 1990, leading to expanded political, military, economic, and cultural cooperation between the two countries. In May 1991, Polish President Lech Wałęsa visited Israel.

Trade and transportation agreements
In 1995, Israel signed an Association Agreement with the European Union (EU) which includes free trade and came into effect in 2000. In 2004, on Poland joining the EU, the free trade provisions of the EU Agreement applied to trade between Israel and Poland. In 2016, trade between Israel and the EU totaled €34.3 billion, while trade between Israel and Poland was US$682 million. Israel's main exports to Poland include: gas turbines, packaged medicaments, calcium phosphate, fruits and vegetables and medical instruments. Poland's main exports to Israel include food-based products, textiles processing machines, vehicle chassis, cars, buses, dairy and wheat.

There are regular flights between Israel and Poland by the following airlines: Arkia, El Al, Enter Air, LOT Polish Airlines, Ryanair, Travel Service and Wizz Air.

State visits

Bilateral relations

Over the years, both Israel and Poland have signed numerous bilateral agreements including an Agreement on Cooperation in Culture, Science and Education (1991); Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income (1991); Agreement on Cooperation in Culture, Science and Education (1991); Air Transport Agreement (1991); Agreement for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments (1992); Agreement in the field of Economy, Science and Technology regarding Cooperation Applied to Agriculture and Food Industry (1993); Agreement on Technical Cooperation in Dairy Development (1997); Agreement on Cooperation in Tourism (1999); Agreement on the Abolition of Visa Requirement for holders of Ordinary and National Passports (2000); and an Agreement on Cooperation and Mutual Assistance in Customs Matters (2001).

Diplomatic incidents
In early 2018, both chambers of the Polish parliament (the Sejm and Senate) adopted an Amendment to the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance, criminalizing the ascription to Poles collectively of complicity in World War II Jewish-Holocaust-related or other war crimes committed by the Axis powers, and condemning use of the expression, "Polish death camp". The law sparked a crisis in Polish-Israeli relations.  At the Munich Security Conference on 17 February that year, Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki said "it is not going to be seen as criminal to say that there were Polish perpetrators, as there were Jewish perpetrators, as there were Russian perpetrators, as there were Ukrainian perpetrators, not only German perpetrators." His remark prompted a controversy, and condemnation by prominent Israeli politicians, including Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. The crisis was resolved in late June that year when the Polish and Israeli prime ministers issued a joint communiqué endorsing research into the Jewish Holocaust and condemning the expression, "Polish concentration camps".

Relations again deteriorated in February 2019 when during a visit to Poland, Netanyahu said, "Poles collaborated with the Nazis". Misquotes of this in the media as "the Poles collaborated with the Nazis" led Morawiecki to consider cancelling his planned visit to Israel the following month for a Visegrád Group summit. Netanyahu's office clarified that this was a misquote by the Jerusalem Post, and he did not say "The Poles" but "a not insignificant number of Poles", an explanation accepted by the Polish government. However, the dispute reignited 3 days later, when Israeli foreign minister Israel Katz claimed that "the Poles imbibe antisemitism from their mothers’ milk" and subsequently refused to apologise, resulting in Poland pulling out of the Visegrad Group summit altogether, leading to its cancellation.  U.S. Ambassador to Poland Georgette Mosbacher remarked that there was no room for offensive comments, and asked Israel to apologize. New Right leader and cabinet minister Naftali Bennett noted that his  wife's family lived four years in a forest in Poland and were finally murdered by Poles.

In February 2019, Poland cancelled an Israeli official delegation trip to Poland. In  May 2019, a man was arrested for spitting at Polish ambassador Marek Magierowski while he was sitting in his car near the embassy. The man apologized and explained that he had been upset by an antisemitic slur by an embassy guard. Following comments by the Polish Prime Minister calling the incident "xenophobic", 29 former Polish ambassadors signed a letter criticizing the Polish government's response.

Property restitution controversy

In June 2021, Poland proposed a law to put a 10-to-30 year statute of limitation on restitution claims, which would therefore nullify cases regarding property seized during World War II, which Israel's Foreign Minister Yair Lapid described as “immoral and a disgrace.” Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki said “I can only say that as long as I am the prime minister, Poland will not pay for German crimes: Neither zloty, nor euro, nor dollar.” Lapid also said, “We are fighting for the memory of the Holocaust victims, for the pride of our people, and we won’t allow any parliament to pass laws whose goal is to deny the Holocaust.” The proposed law would nevertheless also prevent people whose property was confiscated by the Polish communist government (1944–1989) from getting their lost property restituted/compensated.

Poland’s President Andrzej Duda finally signed the law on 14 August. In response, Israel recalled its envoy from Poland and told the Polish ambassador not to return. Nevertheless, Poland returned its envoy to Israel in July 2022 as a sign of rapprochement in bilateral relations.

See also
 History of the Jews in Poland
 Jewish Roots in Poland
 Lauder – Morasha School
 List of Polish Jews
 "Polish death camp" controversy
 Israel–EU relations

References

Poland
Bilateral relations of Poland


Frederic Alonzo Carrington  (Oct 1807 – 15 July 1901) was a 19th-century New Zealand politician and surveyor. He is regarded as the Father of New Plymouth.

Carrington was born in Chelmsford, Essex, England, in 1807, the son of Captain William Carrington.

He was 15 years in the Ordnance Survey Department. Then he was appointed by the New Zealand Company as Chief Surveyor to the Plymouth Company and surveyed the new settlement of New Plymouth. He arrived in Wellington with his family in the ship London in December 1840 as a cabin passenger.

In 1844, he returned to England, and undertook surveying for parliamentary committees in England and Scotland. In 1851, he displayed iron made from Taranaki iron sand at The Great Exhibition, London. From 1851 to 1856 he investigated business proposals in California and other parts of America, Paris and Belgium.

He left for New Zealand with his family in January 1857 and in 1862 was made Government Engineering Surveyor for Taranaki. He finally obtained a grant of land in 1877.

He was Superintendent of Taranaki Province from 1869 to 1876 (when the Provinces were abolished), and was the member of Parliament for Omata in 1870 and then Grey and Bell from 1871 to 1879 when he retired. He had stood unsuccessfully in the  for

He was a member of the Harbour Board (now Port Taranaki), and an advocate of an adequate harbour for New Plymouth. In 1881, Carrington laid the first stone for the main breakwater at the port, using a trowel made from Taranaki ironsand.

Carrington died in New Plymouth and is buried in the family grave in Te Henui Cemetery.

Carrington Street, a New Plymouth arterial route, and its extension Carrington Road, which winds between the Pouakai and Kaitake ranges, are named for him. He is regarded as the father of New Plymouth.

Notes

References

1807 births
1901 deaths
Superintendents of New Zealand provincial councils
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand surveyors
English surveyors
People from Chelmsford
People from New Plymouth
Burials at Te Henui Cemetery
New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
British emigrants to the Colony of New Zealand
19th-century New Zealand politicians


Dolichochampsa is an extinct genus of eusuchian crocodylomorph. It is the type genus and only member of the family Dolichochampsidae. Fossils have been found in the Yacoraite Formation of Argentina and the El Molino Formation of Bolivia of Maastrichtian age. It had a distinctive slender snout. Because the material associated with the specimens is so fragmentary, its relationships with other eusuchians remain unknown. Jouve et al. (2020) assigned Dolichochampsa to Gavialoidea, making it the oldest known South American member of this clade.

References

Maastrichtian life
Late Cretaceous crocodylomorphs of South America
Cretaceous Argentina
Fossils of Argentina
Salta Basin
Cretaceous Bolivia
Fossils of Bolivia
Fossil taxa described in 1980
Taxa named by Zulma Brandoni de Gasparini
Taxa named by Éric Buffetaut
Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera


Muziic is a media player, FLV encoder and related website, designed to directly access flash video media files from YouTube, without the user having to visit the file's display page on the YouTube website. Muziic can also refer to the organization that created and maintains the project.  As the name suggests, the primary focus of Muziic is on accessing YouTube's music resources.

Muziic was created by then-fifteen-year-old David Nelson and his father Mark Nelson. David was responsible for the software development, and Mark organized the project as a company. After a year of development, the pair set up a website, www.muziic.com (launched on 25 February 2009) and debuted the Muziic Player software.

The service is able to search, sort, play, and create playlists of YouTube videos. It also has an upload function, allowing users to encode media files as flash video and add them to YouTube. Currently, the Muziic Player is available for Microsoft Windows operating system (XP and Vista) and is dependent on the Flash Player plug-in for Internet Explorer. The program also has Apple Inc. iPhone and iPod Touch versions. Within twenty-four hours of launch, Muziic for iPhone had become the 29th most popular free music app in the iPhone App Store. Muziic is also a version of the iPad. The Muziic website provides a degree of "social networking" functionality for Muziic users as well, including a community generated directory of YouTube videos, playlists, and channels. Muziic also maintains its own YouTube channel and has a presence on Myspace, Facebook, and Twitter.

References

 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/03/09/david-nelson-muziic-creat_n_173072.html
 https://web.archive.org/web/20090312032542/http://www.techtree.com/India/News/Muziic_YouTube_Streamlined_Customized/551-99903-643.html
 http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-10191324-93.html
 http://www.physorg.com/news155845130.html
 https://arstechnica.com/software/news/2009/03/muziic-may-only-get-15-minutes-as-a-youtube-media-player.ars
 https://web.archive.org/web/20090318044943/http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/will_google_uphold_its_do_no_evil_motto_with_muzii.php
 http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-10198628-93.html?tag=newsEditorsPicksArea.0

External links
 Muziic.com

Video on demand services
Jukebox-style media players
Online music database clients
Streaming software
Windows media players
Windows-only freeware


Amenhotep was an ancient Egyptian prince during the 18th Dynasty, son and (possibly) the designated heir of Amenhotep II.

He was a priest of Ptah and is mentioned in an administrative papyrus (now in the British Museum). A stela near the Great Sphinx, showing a priest of Ptah whose name was erased, probably depicts him. It is likely that he died young, for the next pharaoh was his brother Thutmose IV.

Sources

Ancient Egyptian priests
Heirs to the ancient Egyptian throne
Princes of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Children of Amenhotep II
Heirs apparent who never acceded


Myene may refer to:

 Myene language, spoken in Gabon
Myene, Burma


The 1970 World Figure Skating Championships were held at the Hala Tivoli in Ljubljana, SR Slovenia, SFR Yugoslavia from March 3 to 8. At the event, sanctioned by the International Skating Union, medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance.

The ISU Representative was John R. Shoemaker of the United States.

Medal table

Results

Men

 Referee:  Elemér Terták
 Assistant Referee:  Sonia Bianchetti

Judges:
  Tatyana Danilenko
  Jeanine Donnier-Blanc
  Milan Duchón
  Hans Fuchs (substitute)
  Mabel Graham
  Márta Mesterházi-Nagy, Mrs. Léces
  Mollie Phillips
  Helga Wiecki
  Audrey Williams
  Franz Wojtanowskyj

Ladies

 Referee:  Elemér Terták
 Assistant Referee:  Sonia Bianchetti

Judges:
  Pamela Davis
  Walburga Grimm
  Franz Heinlein
  Wilhelm Kahle
  Ferenc Kertész
  Ralph McCreath
  Yvonne S. McGowan
  Nonna Nestogina
  René Schlageter
  Giorgio Siniscalco (substitute)

Pairs

 Referee:  Karl Enderlin
 Assistant Referee:  Walter Malek

Judges:
  Liliane Caffin-Madaule
  Milan Duchón (substitute)
  Hans Fuchs
  Ludwig Gassner
  Carla Listing
  Ralph McCreath
  Yvonne S. McGowan
  Kikuko Minami
  Nonna Nestogina
  Maria Zuchowicz

Ice dance

 Referee:  Lawrence Demmy
 Assistant Referee:  Emil Skákala

Judges:
  George J. Blundun
  Mabel Graham
  Henrik Hajós
  Miroslav Hasenöhrl
  Igor Kabanov
  Carla Listing
  Jacqueline Meudec
  Mollie Phillips
  Eugen Romminger
  Maria Zuchowicz (substitute)

Sources
 Result list provided by the ISU

World Figure Skating Championships
World Figure Skating Championships
Sports competitions in Ljubljana
World Figure Skating Championships, 1970
International figure skating competitions hosted by Yugoslavia
March 1970 sports events in Europe
1970 in Slovenia
1970s in Ljubljana