Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov (traditional abbreviation "MITHT") is one of the oldest universities in the country that offer training in a wide range of specialties in the field of chemical technology.

Currently, there are more than 4,500 students in nine areas of undergraduate, 28 master's programs and 23 scientific specialties for training of candidates and doctors of science. In MITHT there are eight dissertation councils for doctoral and PhD theses.

Research and teaching activities are performed by more than 400 professors and 158 scientists, including more than 120 doctors of science and professors. Located in Moscow at Vernadsky Avenue, Building 86 (new building complex) and Malaya Pirogovskaya, Building 1 (historic building).

History

History of the university and its continuing operations as a higher education institution begins 1 July 1900 and covers several stages.

Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow Higher Women Courses (1900–1918)
1 July (14 July, New Style) 1900 was organized the Moscow Higher Women Courses (MHWC). Their structure originally consisted of two departments: History and Philosophy and Physics and Mathematics. On the last one were soon opened two offices: mathematical and natural, and after a few years two more – medical and chemical-pharmaceutical. The initiators and the first lecturers were outstanding scientists, academics subsequently S. A. Chaplygin, V. I. Vernadsky, N. D. Zelinsky (the inventor of the gas mask (1916)), Professors V. F. Davidov, B. K. Mlodzeevskii, A. N. Reformatsky, A. A. Eichenwald, S. G. Krapivin. The first director of MHWC was Professor V. I. Guerrier.

In 1905 as a director was elected S. A. Chaplygin, the leading scientist in the field of hydro- and aerodynamics, the organizer of the construction of school buildings on the Malaya Pirogovskaya street (formerly Devichie Pole). He remained in that post until 1918.

By the beginning of World War I MHWC turned into the one of the largest higher education institutions in the country. The number of trainees reached 710, and during the existence of courses released 5760 professionals. In turning into a first-class university MHWC paramount importance had an exceptional organizational skill of S. A. Chaplygin, later shown to them with equal brilliance in creating TsAGI.

Department of Chemistry of the 2nd Moscow State University (1918–30)
16 October 1918 MHWC were converted into second Moscow State University. The first rector of the 2nd Moscow State University was appointed academician S. S. Nametkin who worked since 1913 as a head of the Department of Organic Chemistry of MHWC. As rector, he remained until 1924. As part of the 2nd Moscow State University became the chemical-pharmaceutical department, which in 1919 was transformed into the chemical and pharmaceutical department.  At this time, on the faculty worked well-known Professors A. M. Berkengeim, B. K. Mlodzeevskii, S. S. Nametkin, M. I. Prozin, A. N. Reformatsky, O. N. Tsuberbiller. In 1929, the faculty became a chemical faculty of the university type with specialties such as:
 Chemical – pharmaceutical chemistry;
 Basic chemistry;
 Aniline chemistry;
 Chemistry of rare elements;
 Coke-benzene chemistry;
 Organic Synthesis.

Faculty graduates go to work in the factories, involve in the implementation of research projects that receive a wide scope. During 1922 – 1928 years it has been published about 300 papers and 11 monographs. The greatest successes are achieved in the fields of organic and pharmaceutical chemistry under the direction of heads of departments, academics S. S. Nametkin, B. M. Rodionov, Professor A. M. Berkengeim. Production of new drugs being introduced in the pharmaceutical factory belonging to faculty.

Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology (1930–92)
18 April 1930 by order of the People's Commissariat second MSU was reorganized into three independent institutions: Medical (now RSMU them. Pirogov) Pedagogical (now MPSU), and Chemical Technology (now MITHT). Last transferred to the jurisdiction of the Vsehimprom VSNKh USSR. In addressing this issue directly involved Sergo Ordzhonikidze.

10 May 1931 Chemical and Pharmaceutical Faculty became an independent and received a new name – the Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology (MITHT). Historically, the name of the institute is due to the nature of objects that are studied by students: they were small capacity chemical and pharmaceutical technology, technology of platinum group metals and rare-earth elements. From this moment begins a new stage of development of the institution, which is quickly becoming one of the leading universities in the chemical industry. Front of it set the goal of training for high-tech industries of chemical technology. In MITHT the first time in the country began to train engineers on the technology of thin inorganic products, synthetic rubber, thin organic produce synthetic liquid fuels, organometallic compounds and a number of other specialties.

In the process of restructuring of education at the institute have been preserved and developed the best traditions of MHWC and 2nd Moscow State University: a high level of theoretical training and a combination of academic and scientific work, helped by the fact that the teaching work at the institute and chairing of departments were performed by outstanding scientists and educators which created a school and research areas.

Special departments were prepared engineers for industries which were still being created in the first five years. At the time, were of great importance establishment of a domestic pharmaceutical industry and the country's liberation on imports of medicines. Were developed and implemented methods of production of such drugs as atophan, benzocaine, procaine, bromural, thiokol, ichtyol, validol, antipyrine, caffeine, alkaloids and others. In 1938, in MITHT under the leadership of academic A. N. Nesmeyanov (later President of the RAS) began work in the field of organometallic compounds. Also, the Institute prepared professionals for the companies producing such important national defense materials, such as tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, and rare-earth elements. So, Professor I. Ya. Bashilov created the production technology of uranium and radium. And under the guidance of Professor G. A. Meyerson were carried out important work on carbothermy and getting super-hard alloys.

7 May 1940 for academic achievement and great progress in the preparation of chemists institute is named after the outstanding Russian scientist Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov.

During the war, groups of departments in collaboration with industry and research institutes conduct intensive research on defense-related development and implementation of the executed work. Thus, under the supervision of Professor N. I. Gelperin was created the most powerful bomb in World War II – FAB-5000NG that terrified Hitlerites. Efforts of the Institute as a whole and individual professors and teachers were appreciated by the country. Professors B. A. Dogadkin, N. I. Krasnopevtsev, V. V. Lebedinskij, S. S. Medvedev, S. I. Sklyarenko and Ya. K. Sirkin were awarded the Stalin Prize laureates, and associate professor K. A. Bolshakov won that title twice.

The post-war period was characterized by intensive work of the Institute staff in the aftermath of the war, the creation of the necessary conditions for teaching and research. Among the most important achievements of the postwar period MITHT need to include:
 The total synthesis of a number of natural alkaloids – pilocarpine, pilozinin, alkaloids of propane series (tropine, cocaine), arecoline, eserine, emetine, psyhotrine, emataliine, cinchonamine, tubocurarine and other alkaloids of curare (magnolin, magnolamine, dauricine). For this work, Professor N. A. Preobragensky in 1952 was awarded the Stalin Prize of the first degree;
 The synthesis of physiologically active derivatives of piperidine (anesthetics, analgesics, and other drugs), technology development and industrial development of high-output painkiller "promedol";
 Academician A. N. Bashkirov for the first time in the world and the Soviet Union in 1959 has been implemented industrial technology for production of higher aliphatic alcohols on the basis of a synthesis of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (the so-called "oxosynthesis technology");
 Development of technology for the production of vitamins A1, B1, B2, E, C and K1;
 Create rubbers based on new types of caoutchouc, operating at high and low temperatures in harsh operating conditions.

The high scientific – technical research conducted at the institute, evidenced by the fact that MITHT became one of the first places among the universities and research institutes on the number of implemented inventions. Employees of the institute published 450–500 scientific papers and received 50–60 invention certificates a year. The institute conducts research on economic agreements and contracts on cooperation with industry and research institutes, whose number exceeded 150.

MITHT, in fact, has turned into a complex of the university and research institutes. On 2500–3000 students, in addition to 400 professors and lecturers, employed more than 900 scientists. Two to one – that is the ratio of students, academic and teaching staff, which was reached in MITHT. Good specialist, engineer cannot be prepared without bringing him to participate in real, serious scientific research in the learning process.

11 February 1971 for his services to the training of specialists for the national economy and the development of scientific research institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.

Education in MITHT always featured a deep fundamental training, which included, along with a full range of natural sciences study the big cycle engineering and technological disciplines. Special training was carried out by the so-called "thin" chemical technologies that are, as a rule, small capacity technology, implemented on the basis of the latest achievements of chemical science and technology. That is, in fact, the students received a university degree in combination with engineering training.

Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology named after M. V. Lomonosov (1992–2011)
In 1992, the Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology named after M. V. Lomonosov has received a new, higher educational status – status of the academy. With the name change has changed the status and range of activities of the institute along with old technology, new specialty Humanitarian – Management Profile: "Economics and Management (chemical industry)", "Environmental Protection", "Standardization and Certification". These specialties are subject to major technologies and solve their narrow-profile tasks.

Before the transition to a tiered structure the education of students was carried out in one direction, "Chemical Technology and Biotechnology", which consists of seven specialties. After the transition academy led training in seven areas of undergraduate, graduate five areas (including 26 master's programs) and 13 majors (including 25 majors) in full-time and part-correspondence courses, and conducted post-graduate education in 24 specialties and additional education in primary educational programs MITHT.

To implement in MITHT a tiered system of higher education were opened new training units. Along with main faculties teaching of students was performed at the Faculty of Natural Science, Faculty of Humanities, Faculty of Management, Economics and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of further education at the Institute of Distance Education.

According to the Federal Agency for Supervision in Education and Science in 2008 in MITHT worked one of the most highly qualified scientific and technical teaching staff of universities and academies of Russia: doctors and candidates of sciences accounted for about 80% of the teachers. At the academy a total enrollment of 4,500 undergraduate and graduate students, taught 119 professors, doctors, and 218 associate professors, candidates of sciences.

Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies (2011–present)

In 2011, the academy received a university status.

The successes of the university in education, research and innovation, the recognition of the scientific and pedagogical schools, its international status and worldwide fame are undoubtedly merit in the first professors, assistant professors, lecturers, and they have created in the walls of the university unique creative scientific and educational environment. Friendly and supportive atmosphere of the business and human interaction with the students and teachers together form the necessary conditions for the development of the individual, focused, motivated professional growth.

Awards
 In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of USSR on 20 October 1956 the Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology named after M. V. Lomonosov awarded the medal "For the development of virgin land";
 In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of USSR on 11 February 1971 for services on the training of specialists for the national economy and the development of research Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology named after M. V. Lomonosov awarded the Order of Red Banner of Labour.

Faculties and institutes
 Faculty of Humanities
 Faculty of Management, Economics and Ecology
 Faculty of Natural Sciences
 Faculty of Engineering
 Faculty of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and electronic materials
 Faculty of Biotechnology and Organic synthesis
 Faculty of Physics, Chemistry and Technology of Polymer Processing
 Faculty of Additional Education
 Institute of Polymer Technologies and Materials
 The State Institute of Professional Development and Retraining chemical, microbiological and medical industry
 Institute of Distance Education

Areas of baccalaureate
 Chemistry
 Chemical technology
 Biotechnology
 Material Science and Technology of Materials
 Standardization and Certification
 Technosphere Safety
 Applied Informatics
 Applied mathematics
 Management

Masters Programs
Chemistry:
 Inorganic chemistry
 Analytical chemistry
 Organic chemistry
 Physical chemistry
 Colloid chemistry

Chemical technology:
 Chemistry and Technology of basic organic and petrochemical synthesis
 Chemistry and Technology of organometallic compounds
 Chemical technology of natural energy and carbon materials
 Chemical Technology of Macromolecular Compounds
 Chemical technology of plastics and composite materials
 Technology for processing of elastomers
 Nanotechnology of organic photosensitive materials
 Processes and devices of chemical technologies
 Information Systems in Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
 Chemical technology of fuel and gas
 Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering

Biotechnology:
 Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology
 Chemistry and Technology of biologically active substances
 Technology of drugs
 Technology of biopharmaceuticals
 Technology of bioconversion of plant material

Materials science and technology of materials:
 Materials science and technology of nanomaterials and coatings
 Material science, the receipt and processing of inorganic powder and composite materials
 Theoretical and Applied Polymer Materials
 Physico-chemical studies of new materials and processes
 Physical materials and technology of electronic materials

Technosphere Safety:
 Protecting the environment

Standardization and Certification:
 Total Quality Management

Famous alumni

Science
 Beregov, Valery Vasilievich (b. 27 February 1942) – Corresponding Member of RAMS, now head of the department in MSMU them. Sechenov.
 Wolfson, Nicholai Sigizmundovich (18 October 1914, Moscow, Russian Empire – 4 March 1994) – a Russian chemist who developed methods for the synthesis of vitamin A, P, K and chemicals color cinematography.
 Gekhman, Alexander Efimovich (b. 29 September 1949, Moscow) – Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
 Glushkov, Robert Georgievich (b. 10 September 1929) – Academy of Medical Sciences, the leading scientist in the field of chemistry of drugs, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1981).
 Dumaev, Cyril Michailovich (b. 1931) – Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
 Evstigneeva, Rima Porfirievna (12 February 1925, Egorevsk – 7 July 2003, Moscow) – a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, an expert in the chemistry of natural compounds, the winner of the State Prize of the USSR (1985). Developed the technology of synthesis of vitamins E and K1.
 Eremenko, Igor Leonidovich (b. 1950) – Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences.
 Karabash, Alex Georgievich. (10 February 1912 – 2003, Obninsk, Kaluga region, Russia) – Soviet and Russian chemist, inventor. One of the founders of the first Soviet atomic bomb RDS-1 and the world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk.
 Kolosov, Michael Nicholaevich. (11 May 1927, Kursk – 1985, Moscow) – Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Apprentice of M.M. Shemyakin.
 Kochetkov, Nicholai Konstantinovich (1915–2005) – Russian organic chemist, a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences.
 Krajewski, Alexander Antonovich (b. 1932) – Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences.
 Lapidus, Albert Lvovich (b. 1933) – Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
 Mirzabeckov, Andrew Daryevitch (19 October 1937 – 13 July 2003) – Director of the Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR from 1984 to 2003, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, USSR Academy of Sciences (RAS).
 Miroschnikov, Anatoly Ivanovich (b. 5 May 1940, v. Sagaidachniy Belgorod Region) – Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, Member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences – a prominent specialist in the field of biotechnology and technology of natural and synthetic compounds, and bioorganic chemistry. From 1987 to 1991 Director of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal Plants (AIMP), from 1991 vice director of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of RAS, Chairman of the Presidium of Pushchino Research Center of RAS.
 Moiseev, Ilya Josephovich (19 October 1937 – 13 July 2003) – Academician.
 Moiseenkov, Alexander Kravchuk (1935–1992) – Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1998).
 Muzafarov, Aziz Mansurovich (b. 21 August 1950, Fergana) – Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
 Nefedov, Vadim Ivanovich (b. 29 June 1937, Magnitogorsk) – Academician, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1985).
 Pravednikov Andrew Nikodimovich (1923–1985) – Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
 Sakharov, Boris Andreevich (28 March 1914, St. Petersburg – 12 April 1973, Moscow) – a member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Lenin Prize (1964) and the State Prize of the USSR (1985). Master of Sports of the USSR (1968) and International Arbiter (1956) on chess composition, Vice President of the Permanent Commission of the FIDE Chess Composition (1965–1972).
 Solncev, Konstantin (b. 29 March 1950, v. Panino Voronezh Region) – Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, director of Institute of Physical and Chemical Problems of ceramic materials.
 Fedorenko, Nikolay Prokofievich (11 May 1917 – 1 April 2006) – Academician of Academy of Sciences of the USSR, one of the founders and first director of CEMI, Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1963–1985)
 Khokhlov, Alexander Stepanovich (b. 6 July 1916, Moscow – 9 July 1997) – Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences.
 Cetlin, Victor Ionovich (b. 2 October 1941) – Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
 Shvets, Vitaly Ivanovich(b. 19 March 1936, Nikopol) – Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences – a famous scientist in the development of methods for the isolation, chemical and biological synthesis of various types of lipids and their complexes with a variety of biologically active substances, the winner of the State Prize of the USSR (1985), winner of the Award of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of education, Honored worker of Science, Head of the Department of Biotechnology and bionanotechnology of MITHT.

Politics
 Tikhomirov, Sergey Michailovich (1 (14) February 1905 – 25 November 1982) – Soviet political and economic figure. Member of the CPSU Central Committee (1956–1961).
 Furtseva, Catherine Alekseevna (24 November (7 December), 1910, Vishny Volochek – 25 October 1974, Moscow) – Soviet statesman and party leader. The Minister of Culture of the USSR from 1960 to 1974.

Industry
 Smirnov, Alex Sergeevich (b. 9 June 1963) – Russian businessman. Since 2005 – Vice president of JSC "Lukoil".
 Filatov, Anatoly Vasilievich (b. 28 May 1935) – the Russian metallurgist, the first general manager of the concern "Norilsk Nickel" (1989–1996). Federation Council member of I convocation (1993–1996). Hero of Socialist Labor.

Culture
 Belyi, Alexander Andreyevich (b. in 1940) – the Russian literary critic, known Pushkin Pushkin scholar and member of the commission.
 Dashkevich, Vladimir Sergeevich (20 January 1934, Moscow) – Soviet and Russian composer and music theorist. Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1991).
 Kirov, Biser, (b. 4 September 1942, Silistra, Bulgaria Kingdom) – Bulgarian pop singer (tenor), who is called in the press most popular Bulgarian in the USSR.
 Korotaeva, Lubov Georgievna (27 October 1918, d Vereya, Ramenskii district of the Moscow region – 18 January 2000, Moscow) – the only female participant (in a group of 20 people) climbing Elbrus for removal and installation of the banners of Nazi flags of the USSR 13–17 February 1943. Co-author (with A.A. Gryaznov and N.A. Persiyaninov) of the song "Baksanskaya" dedicated to the soldiers of climbers. After the war – Associate Professor, Department of General Chemistry PFUR them. Patrice Lumumba.
 Guseva, Natalia Evgenievna (15 February 1972, Zvenigorod, Moscow region, USSR) – Soviet film actress of the 1980s, became widely known after her role as Alice Selezneva in the cult children's television movie "The Guest from the Future ", directed by Paul Arsenov.
 Tkachev, Alexander Vasilievich (18 January 1955, Moscow – 9 November 2010, Moscow) – Russian poet, writer and performer of songs.

Sport
 Zharkova, Olga Nicholaevna (b. 11 January 1979, Moscow) – Russian curler, member of two Olympic Games (2002 and 2006), European champion in 2006.

See also
 Moscow State Pedagogical University (Second Moscow State University)
 Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov

Literature
 R. R. Biglov Essays on the History of MITHT. – Moscow: Publishing center MITHT them. M.V. Lomonosov, 2010. – 171 p. –
 Moscow Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, Golden Pages of MITHT – Moscow: Publishing House "Provincial", 2010. – 148 p. –

References
 Official website of the Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov
 Website Akademik.ru

Universities in Moscow
Universities and colleges established in 1900
Public universities and colleges in Russia
Chemistry education
Science education
Engineering universities and colleges in Russia
1900 establishments in the Russian Empire


George Tomlinson (21 March 1890 – 22 September 1952) was a British Labour Party politician.

Biography
George Tomlinson was born at 55 Fielding Street in Rishton, Lancashire, the son of John Tomlinson, a cotton weaver, and his wife Alice, née Varley. He was educated in Rishton at Wesleyan Elementary School.

At the age of 12 he took work as weaver at a cotton mill, working half-time the first year before becoming a full-timer. In 1912 he was elected president of the Rishton district of the Amalgamated Weavers' Association.

Tomlinson married the cotton weaver Ethel Pursell on 4 September 1914 and together they had a daughter.

He was a conscientious objector in the First World War, working on the land for three years.

He was elected Member of Parliament for the Farnworth constituency in Lancashire at a by-election in 1938 and held the seat until his death in 1952, aged 62. He was joint Parliamentary Secretary under Ernest Bevin in the Ministry of Labour and National Service from February 1941 to May 1945 in Winston Churchill's wartime Coalition Government. In Clement Attlee's post-war Labour government he was Minister of Works, August 1945 – February 1947, and Minister of Education, February 1947 – October 1951, following the death of Ellen Wilkinson.

In 1944 Tomlinson was a British delegate at the International Labour Conference held at Philadelphia in the United States.

A biography of Tomlinson written by Fred Blackburn, a fellow Labour politician and Member of Parliament for Stalybridge and Hyde, was published by Heinemann in 1954. The biography, which features a foreword by Clement Attlee, is largely based on talks Blackburn had with Tomlinson before his death.

The George Tomlinson School, which opened in Kearsley the year following his death, was named in his memory. The school converted to academy status in 2010 and was renamed Kearsley Academy.

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

1890 births
1952 deaths
British Secretaries of State for Education
British conscientious objectors
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Ministers in the Attlee governments, 1945–1951
Ministers in the Churchill wartime government, 1940–1945
People from Rishton
UK MPs 1935–1945
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
United Textile Factory Workers' Association-sponsored MPs


The Uhangri Formation (), located at the Uhangri Dinosaur Fossil Site, is a geological formation from which fossil pterosaur tracks have been recovered near Haenam-eup, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.

Uhangri Dinosaur Fossil Site

The Uhangri Dinosaur Fossil Site area was originally covered by ocean, uncovered when Lake Damsuho, and surrounding area, was created by the construction of the Geumho Tide project.

Lake Damsuho has cliffs that are  high, stretching across about , made up of sedimentary rock formed during the Cretaceous age. Embedded in the rock formations around the lake are fossilized footprints of dinosaurs, pterosaurs and water birds that lived in this area tens of millions of years ago.

No other place in the world has fossil footprints of all these different dinosaurs found in a single area. The footprints of a pterosaur discovered in this area is the largest in the world at a length of .

Fossil contents

Pterosaur tracks
Pterosaur tracks from the Uhangri Formation are housed at the Dinosaur Tracks Museum, of the University of Colorado at Denver and Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.

Dinosaur tracks

Arthropod tracks

Paleoflora

See also
 List of fossil sites

References

Bibliography

 Lockley, M.; Harris, J.D.; and Mitchell, L. 2008. "A global overview of pterosaur ichnology: tracksite distribution in space and time." Zitteliana. B28. p. 187-198.
 K.-G. Hwang, M. Huh, M. G. Lockley, D. M. Unwin, and J. L. Wright. 2002. New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea. Geological Magazine 139:421-435
 Y.-N. Lee and M. Huh. 2002. Manus-only sauropod tracks in the Uhangri Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Korea and their paleobiological implications. Journal of Paleontology 76(3):558-564
 Y.-N. Lee, K.-M. Yu, and C. B. Wood. 2001. A review of vertebrate faunas from the Gyeongsang Supergroup (Cretaceous) in South Korea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 165:357-373
 S.-Y. Yang, M.G. Lockley, R. Greben, B.R. Erickson, and S.-K. Lim. 1995. Flamingo and duck-like bird tracks from the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary: evidence and implications. Ichnos 4:21-34

External links
 Haenam Uhangri Dinosaur Museum

Geologic formations of South Korea
Upper Cretaceous Series of Asia
Campanian Stage
Santonian Stage
Sandstone formations
Shale formations
Lacustrine deposits
Ichnofossiliferous formations
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Asia
Paleontology in South Korea
Formations


The Blackhawk Formation is a geological formation in east-central Utah, USA. It was named for the former town of Blackhawk on the east side of the Wastach Plateau, Carbon County. The formation is composed of mostly light-brown, light-gray and brownish-gray, thin- to medium-bedded, fine- to medium-grained quartzose sandstone that is interbedded with shaly siltstone, shale, carbonaceous shale, and coal. There are many thin to thick bituminous coal seams, including several economically important beds, such as the Sunnyside Coal. The formation thickness ranges from  about 120 m (400 ft) to about 270 m (900 ft). It conformably overlies the Star Point Sandstone and unconformably underlies the Castlegate Sandstone.

The sediments that formed the Blackhawk Formation originated from erosion of the Sevier Uplift in western Utah. This sediment was transported eastwards by rivers and deposited on the western coast of the Cretaceous Seaway. At this time, the Seaway was also withdrawing (regression) eastwards, but this was irregular, with occasional episodes of the sea advancing (transgression) to cover coastal lands. This transgression was partially as a result of fluctuating (eustatic) global sea level changes and partly as a result of the shift position of the deltas. These events created wedges of terrestrial sedimentary rock between wedges of marine sedimentary rock (Mancos Shale). These wedges of the Blackhawk Formation have been given names and many of them contain economically important bituminous coal zones, such as the Kenilworth Coal that is up to 11 m (37 feet) thick. The coast probably resembled the Gulf Coast today, being composed of a broad coastal plain, with meandering rivers that ended in wave-dominated deltas. These deltas were flanked by sandy beaches. Swamps were probably developed on the delta plains and on the floodplain (bottomlands) adjacent to the meandering rivers, rather than in brackish-water of lagoons because of the low sulfur content of the coals.

Paleontology
Fossil plants are extremely common in the Blackhawk Formation.  Their distribution is closely tied to specific environments, just like plants are today. The plant community of the swamp environment was dominated by the evergreen conifer Sequoia cuneata and a deciduous angiosperm tree Rhamnites eminens. Other, less abundant trees include Protophyllocladus polymorpha, Moriconia cyclotoxon, Brachyphyllum squammnosum, Podozamites sp., and the angiosperms “Cissus” marginata, Platanus raynoldsii, "Cornus” praetimpressa, Dryophyllum subfalcatum, “Ficus” planicostata, and Myrtophyllum torreyii.  Near the swamp margins a small palm, Phoenocites imperialis, grew in thickets. The palm Sabalites grayanus was also present, although not in abundance. The herbaceous understory was composed entirely of two ferns, Cyathea pinnata and Onoclea herbridica. The aquatic plants include a water lily, Nymphaeites dawsoni, a water chestnut, Trapa paulula, and a cattail, Cyperacites. The bottomland community was dominated by the angiosperm trees Platanus raynoldsii and Dryophyllum subfalcatum. Other angiosperm trees also present, but in lesser abundance include Phoenocites, “Cercidophyllum” arcticum, “Ficus” laurophylla, Laurophyllum coloradensis, Manihotites georgiana, Platanus alata, Menispermites sp., and “Viburnum” antiquum; conifers were absent. Ferns were the only understory plants. Overall, the plant communities looked similar to those along the Gulf Coast, although the Blackhawk communities had a larger proportion of conifers and few, if any herbaceous angiosperms in the swamp and bottomland forest understories. Based on angiosperm leaf physiognomy (leaf size, leaf margins and dripping tips), the predominance of medium-size leaves with entire (non-serrated) margins and dripping tips, indicate that the climate was warm temperate- to subtropical, but not tropical. Growth rings in conifer logs and leaf mats from seasonal shedding, also suggests the climate was seasonal. Charcoal occurs indicating that wildfires occasionally swept through the area during the dry season.

Various vertebrates are known to have inhabited the Blackhawk paleoenvironments. These include rare bone fossils of fishes, turtles and crocodiles in the collections of the Prehistoric Museum in Price Utah. The most abundant vertebrate fossils are the tracks of dinosaurs, including the blunt, three-toed hadrosaurs, long, slendered toed theropods, and the short-wide, four-toed ceratopsians. Most of these tracks are found in the mine roof when the coal is removed. They formed when the foot of the living animals pressed into the peat of the swamp bottom. Later, sheets of sand were deposited across the swamp during floods filling in the footprints. Thus, the footprints seen represent the bottom of the foot. The larger tracks used to be removed because of their tendency to fall from the roof and many houses in Carbon and Emery Counties in Utah had a footprint or two in their yards.

Some tracks have elongated heels, which indicate the individuals slipping on exposed wet mud (slipping does not happen in standing water). One of these elongated hadrosaur tracks was named Dinosauropodes and heralded as the footprint of the world's biggest dinosaur. The largest hadrosaur tracks are over 62 cm (24 in.) wide, indicating the presence of huge hadrosaurs the size of Shantungosaurus from China. As yet, no bones of hadrosaurs this size are not known from the Blackhawk Formation. Possible pterosaur tracks have been reported from the Kenilworth Mine near Helper, Utah. Problematically, however, these tracks seem to be only those of the wing-hand and do not include any foot (pes) tracks. These asymmetrical three-digit tracks were previously thought to belong to the aquatic bird Hesperornis. A few, rare dinosaur bones have been recovered from the mines, including ceratospian and possibly hadrosaur.

The hadrosaur tracks from the Blackhawk Formation provide insights into the behavior of these dinosaurs that is not available from their skeletons. These tracks provide a snapshot into the lives of these dinosaurs. First, hadrosaur tracks are by far the most abundant of the track types, which supports the observation from bone beds that hadrosaurs were numerically the most abundant dinosaurs during the Late Cretaceous of North America. We can see this in a map of tracks from the Kenilworth Mine. Although one individual milling around can leave hundreds of tracks, the abundance of different sized tracks and that some trackways indicate individuals passing through suggests that a herd of different-sized hadrosaurs had made the tracks. Some of the tracks seems to show individuals standing at the base of conifer trees, whose spreading roots indicate trees in growth position (see red tracks on map). These individuals may have been feeding, thus supporting the hypothesis by Yale paleontologist John Ostrom that hadrosaurs fed on conifers. The map also shows numerous isolated tracks due in part to the removal of some tracks by the miners or to the differential firmness of the swamp floor. Firmer mud, such as late in the dry season or during prolonged droughts, would not leave deep tracks; in support of this, mud cracks are known from the mines, as is charcoal from fires (called fusain). The hadrosaur tracks from the Blackhawk Formation also contain some of the smallest known tracks. Assuming that the smallest ones, ~3.5 cm (1.25 in) are real and not carved, these would indicate hatchling-sized individuals around 40 cm (16 in,) long. Other, slightly larger tracks preserved on a rock slab are reliably 4 to 5 cm (1.5-2 in.) wide and made by individuals a little less than a meter long. The presence of these small tracks from coal swamp deposits are important because they indicate the presence of nearby nesting grounds, which unfortunately, have not yet been found. The full size range of tracks from the coal mines indicate individuals from 0.4 m (1.25 ft.) to 16 m (52.5 ft.) and that this species spent its entire life in the swamps.

Unfortunately, because of the use of long-wall mining now, which is less wasteful than the old room-and-pillar method, the recovery of dinosaur tracks and bones from mines in the Blackhawk Formation, has all but dried-up.

Paleobiota

Flora

Charophyta

ChlorophyceaePediastrum sp.SphenopsidaEquisetum sp.PteropsidaAllantodiopsis erosa

Cyathea pinnata

Onoclea hebridica

Osmunda hollicki

Saccoloma gardneriCycadophytaNageiopsis sp.

Podozamites sp.ConiferophytaAndrovettia sp.

Araucarites sp.

Brachyphyllum squammnosum

Geinitzia reichenbachii

Metasequoia sp.

Moriconia cyclotoxon

Protophyllocladus polymorpha

Protophyllocladus sp.

Sequoia cuneata

Taxoidioxylon sp.

Widdringtonites reichiiMagnoliophytaAnnona robusta

Apocynophyllum giganteum

Cercidiphyllum arcticum

"Cissus" marginata

"Cornus" praeimpressa

Cyperacites sp.

Dryophyllum sp.

Dryophyllum subfalcatum

"Ficus" laurophylla

"Ficus" planicostata

Phoenocites imperialis

Laurophyllum coloradensis

Manihotites georgiana

Menispermum dauricumoides

Myrtophyllum torreyi

Nymphaeites dawsoni

Platanus alata

Platanus raynoldsii

Rhamnites eminens

Sabalites grayanus

Trapa paulula

Salix proteaefolia

Viburnum antiguum

Invertebrate Trace Fossils

Asterosoma

Aulichnites

Chondrites

Gyrochorte

Helminthoida

Ophiomorpha

Pelecypodichnus

Teichichnus

Terebellina

Thalassinoides

Invertebrates

Anomia

Brachidontes

Corbula

Crassostrea

Ursirivus

Viviparus

Vertebrates

osteichrhyesLepisosteus sp.

teleost TestudinesBasilemys sp.

TrionychidaeCrocodylia

Pterosauria (ichnofossil)

Theropoda (ichnofossil)

Hadrosauridae - "Dinosauropodes" (ichnofossil and bone)

Ceratopsia (ichnofossil and bone)

Gallery

See also
 List of fossil sites

References

Geologic formations of Utah
Cretaceous geology of Utah
Campanian Stage
Ichnofossiliferous formations
Paleontology in Utah


The Haman Formation () is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in South Korea. It has been dated to the Albian, with an estimated maximum depositional age of 105.4 ± 0.4 Ma. The deposit is known for its tracks, including those of dinosaurs, pterosaurs and birds. It overlies the Silla Conglomerate which overlies the Chilgok Formation. It is laterally equivalent to the Sagog Formation.

Vertebrate paleofauna
Fossil pterosaur, theropod, sauropod and ornithopod tracks have been recovered from this formation. Some dinosaur tracks show signs of display behavior. Dinosaur skin impressions have also been found in this formation.

Ichnofossils

See also

 List of fossil sites
 Geoncheonri Formation
 Gugyedong Formation
 Hasandong Formation
 Jinju Formation

References

Geologic formations of South Korea
Lower Cretaceous Series of Asia
Cretaceous South Korea
Albian Stage
Sandstone formations
Siltstone formations
Ichnofossiliferous formations
Paleontology in South Korea


The Hekou Group is a geological group in Gansu Province, China. It is Early Cretaceous in age.  Dinosaur body fossils have also been recovered from the Hekou Group, including the iguanodont Lanzhousaurus and the titanosaurs Daxiatitan, Huanghetitan and Yongjinglong, and the nodosaur Taohelong. Fossil eggs are rare, but one oogenus, Polyclonoolithus, was discovered in the Hekou Group. The group spans the Valanginian to Albian and can be subdivided into four formations. Fossil pterosaur tracks have been recovered.

Vertebrate paleofauna

Pterosaurs

Sinamia lanzhoensis amiiform fish

References

See also
 List of fossil sites
 List of dinosaur bearing rock formations

Geologic groups of Asia
Geologic formations of China
Lower Cretaceous Series of Asia
Cretaceous China
Ichnofossiliferous formations
Ooliferous formations


SingStar ABBA is a singing/voice simulation video game released in 2008 for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 3.  It was the first band specific SingStar game, followed by SingStar Queen in 2009.

Development
David Reeves, president of Sony Computer Entertainment Europe, said of the release: "We are thrilled to be collaborating with ABBA to bring their tracks to SingStar this Christmas... The popularity of this iconic band continues year after year, and we know SingStar fans will be delighted to add this selection of classics tracks to their SingStar collection".

Patrick Foster of The Times reported that "Bocu, the British music publisher that acquired the British rights to ABBA’s songs more than 30 years ago... collaborated with Sony to release Singstar Abba".

Gameplay
Arnold Katayev of PSXtreme explained that the game "uses a very clean user interface, one that even a five-year-old can navigate. You can either play a practice session, or play for points and attempt to score the best record", further adding: "The object is to fill the bars on screen with accuracy by singing as accurately as possible. If you go flat, you'll get color below the bar; likewise, if you go sharp, you'll get color above the bar. It's a very intuitive system, and figuring out how it works doesn't take any longer than 10 seconds".

Track list
The PlayStation 2 version of the game features 20 songs whereas the PlayStation 3 version features 25 songs.

Reception

The game received "mixed or average reviews" on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

References

External links

2008 video games
ABBA
Band-centric video games
EyeToy games
Karaoke video games
London Studio games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 3 games
SingStar
Sony Interactive Entertainment games
Video games based on musicians
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
sv:SingStar ABBA


The Lastres Formation is a geological formation located in Asturias province, northwestern Spain. It is believed to have been deposited in a fluvial-dominated deltaic system.

Fossil tracks have been reported from the formation, including those of dinosaurs, pterosaurs, crocodiles, turtles, and lizards.

Fossil content

Pterosaurs

Plants

Correlation

See also
 List of fossil sites

References

Geologic formations of Spain
Jurassic System of Europe
Jurassic Spain
Kimmeridgian Stage
Tithonian Stage
Sandstone formations
Conglomerate formations
Mudstone formations
Fluvial deposits
Deltaic deposits
Ichnofossiliferous formations
Paleontology in Spain
Formations


The Aztec Sandstone is an Early Jurassic geological formation of primarily eolian sand from which fossil pterosaur tracks have been recovered. The formation is exposed in the Mojave Desert of Arizona, California and Nevada. Aztec Sandstone is named after the Aztec Tank, a lake in the Spring Mountain region of Nevada.

Description
The Aztec Sandstone is made up of two units. The lower resistant sandstone unit ( thick) is tan to off-white in outcrops but pinkish in fresh exposures. Crosbedded lenses can easily be observed. Frosted and pitted quartz grains well-cemented by silica are described by Evans in 1958 and 1971. The upper and less resistant unit (200m thick) consists of alternating white quartz arenites and red to brown silty sands.

Vertebrate paleofauna
The formation has provided the following ichnofossils attributed to vertebrates:

See also
 List of fossil sites
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Nevada

References

Bibliography

 Lockley, M.; Harris, J.D.; and Mitchell, L. 2008. "A global overview of pterosaur ichnology: tracksite distribution in space and time." Zitteliana. B28. p. 187-198. .

 Hilton, Richard P. 2003. Dinosaurs and Other Mesozoic Reptiles of California. Berkeley: University of California Press. 318 pp.

Further reading
 R. E. Reynolds. 1986. California trackways from the Lower Jurassic Aztec Sandstone. In D. D. Gillette (ed.), First International Symposium on Dinosaur Tracks and Traces. Abstracts with Program 24

Geologic formations of Arizona
Geologic formations of California
Geologic formations of Nevada
Jurassic Arizona
Jurassic California
Jurassic geology of Nevada
Sandstone formations of the United States
Geologic formations with imbedded sand dunes
Aeolian deposits
Ichnofossiliferous formations
Paleontology in California
Paleontology in Nevada


George Layton (1865 – after 1902) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Small Heath. He played as a left half.

Layton was born in Stourbridge, Worcestershire, and played local football before joining Small Heath in September 1898. He made his debut in the Second Division on 18 February 1899, deputising for William Robertson in a home game against New Brighton Tower which resulted in a 3–2 win. Layton, an attacking half-back, featured regularly in the second half of the 1899–1900 season, but the arrival of Walter Wigmore as first-choice centre-half meant Alec Leake moved to the left side and Layton lost his place. He then returned to non-league football.

References

1865 births
Year of death missing
Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands
English men's footballers
Men's association football wing halves
Cradley Heath F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Dudley Town F.C. players
English Football League players
Date of birth missing
Place of death missing


Jeannie Wall (born June 6, 1969) from Bozeman, Montana is an American ski mountaineer and member of the United States Ski Mountaineering Association (USSMA) ski team.

Wall is the youngest of eleven children. She was the first female to cross the finish line in the 32-mile American Birkebeiner Nordic ski race, in Cable, Wisconsin, in 2002, as well as the top American female on the North American Randonnee Rally circuit. She was also USA Team Manager at the 2006 World Championship.

Selected results
 2003:
 1st, North American Randonnée Championships, Jackson Hole
 1st, Wasatch PowderKeg, Alta
 2004:
 5th, World Championship vertical race
 1st, Open Internacional, San Carlos de Bariloche
 2005:
 4th, Pierra Menta (together with Emma Roca Rodríguez)
 2006:
 1st, America's Cup

External links
 Jeannie Wall at skimountaineers.org
 Photo

References

1969 births
Living people
American female ski mountaineers
21st-century American women


Guy Jonson (5 November 1913 – 10 March 2009) was an English classical Pianist and distinguished music teacher.

He was born Stanley Guy Johnson at Finchley, north London, the son of an auctioneer. Though neither of his parents were musical, his prodigious talent at the piano was recognized from an early age and he became a pupil of Betty Humby, wife of the distinguished conductor Sir Thomas Beecham. He gave his first piano recital in Eastbourne at the age of 13. He attended Highgate School in north London but left at 14 to continue his piano studies with Tobias Matthay (formerly of the Royal Academy of Music). In 1930, at the age of 16, he won a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music in London. Subsequently, he studied under Alfred Cortot.

His first major recital was given at the famous Wigmore Hall, London, in November 1936, and he went on to perform several solo recitals and concertos for the BBC (at Broadcasting House) which were broadcast live on the overseas radio network. In 1939, shortly after being made the youngest ever Professor at the Royal Academy, Jonson was called up to serve in the Royal Artillery, then the Army Educational Corps. He married Patricia Burrell in 1944. In 1946 he was demobilized and returned to his position of Professor at the Royal Academy.

Guy Jonson adjudicated at music festivals throughout Britain and Ireland and gave piano recitals all around the world. After retiring from the Royal Academy he continued to teach privately. Among his distinguished pupils were Pianists Dimitris Sgouros, Martin Jones, Angela Lear, Julian Saphir and Philip Smith and the composers Sir John Tavener and Iain Hamilton.

Notable Recordings
 Echoes of a Golden Era (Libra Records, 1998). Includes works by York Bowen, Haydn, Schumann, Chopin, Scriabin, Bax, Debussy, Albeniz.  This recording is only currently obtainable from his former student, pianist Angela Lear - www.angelalear.com

References

1913 births
2009 deaths
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music
English classical pianists
Male classical pianists
People from Finchley
People educated at Highgate School
Academics of the Royal Academy of Music
20th-century classical musicians
20th-century classical pianists
20th-century English musicians
20th-century British male musicians
British Army personnel of World War II
Royal Artillery personnel
Royal Army Educational Corps soldiers
Military personnel from London


Pago is a fruit juice producer operating internationally in the fruit juice sector. The company has been producing fruit juice for more than 100 years. In the past, Pago as a member of the Brau Union Group, belongs to the Dutch Heineken Group. Heineken sold Pago to Granini Juices. In the Netherlands Pago was distributed by Pago Nederland. They lost a lawsuit with Vrumona in 2013. Vrumona is doing now distribution in the Netherlands. In 2008, Pago sold 71 million litres worldwide, equating to 260 million bottles. The Pago group employs 292 persons worldwide.

History
The company was founded in 1888 by the brothers Franz and Jakob Pagitz, who had then the idea of putting ‘liquid fruits’ in a bottle. In 1949, the brand name was born: derived from the first three letters of the founder's family name “Pagitz” and the first letter of the German word for fruit “Obst”. At the end of 1977, Brau-Beteiligungs AG bought 60 percent of Pago Fruchtsäfte GmbH and acquired the remaining shares in the former family business two years later. In turn, BBAG, and thus Pago, became part of Heineken International.

With the foundation of the first subsidiary in Italy in 1989, the internationalisation of the brand started. In the following years, Pago conquered other countries and within a few years founded more and more subsidiaries in Europe. Beginning with the foundation of Pago France in 1992, Pago, step by step, conquered the Spanish, and Croatian markets.

Pack types and flavours
Apart from the 0,20 litre glass bottles, Pago flavours are available in different pack types and packsizes. Pago can also be obtained in PET bottles. The Pago PET range consists of the 0,20 litre, 0,33 litre and 0,75 litre PET bottles.

The Pago product portfolio currently consists of 37 flavours. Depending on the flavour, the juices and nectars are available in glass and/or PET bottles. ACE (Orange-Carrot-Lemon), Apple, Apricot, Banana, Bilberry, Blackcurrant, Blood Orange-Lime, Cloudy Apple, Cloudy Cherry, Cranberry, Grapefruit, Honey Melon, Kiwi, Lemon Lime, Mango, Multifruit Tropical, Multifruit Tropical Red, Orange, Peach, Pear, Pear-Pineapple, Pineapple, Pink Grapefruit, Plum ACE, Raspberry, Strawberry, Tomato, White Grape. Smoothies: Red Berry Mix, Gardenfruit, Mango-Maracuja, Superfruit (limited edition)
Sparkling: Apple, Apricot, Mango, Orange Passion fruit.

Production plant
Pago juices are produced at the factories located in Klagenfurt (Pago Fruchsäfte) in Austria and at La Selva del Camp in Tarragona, in Spain.

The headquarters of Pago (Pago International GmbH) is located in southern Austria, Carinthia - Klagenfurt. Pago International GmbH has subsidiaries in the following European countries:
 Austria: Marketing Sales Austria
 Italy: Pago Italia s.r.l.
 Croatia: Pago Croatia d.o.o.
 France: Pago France s.r.l.
 Spain: Pago Iberica de Bebidas S.L.

In 2012, Pago was distributed by WaverleyTBS in the UK, however, WaverleyTBS entered administration later that year. Since 2015, it has been distributed by Eckes Granini. It is distributed by Stanic Group in Croatia.

References

External links

Food and drink companies of Austria
Heineken subsidiaries


Floyd J. McCree (1923–1988), was a Michigan politician.  He was the first African American mayor of Flint, Michigan.

Early life
Floyd Joel Mcree was born in Webster Grove, Missouri, on March 29, 1923, the son of Jordan Daniel McCree, Sr. and Minnie Blackwell.  He went to high school in St. Louis and attended Lincoln University, Jefferson City.

McCree served in the South Pacific in World War II in the army, rising to the rank of staff sergeant.  After leaving the service, he was hired in at the Buick foundry in Flint, becoming a foreman.  McCree was later promoted to supervisor of maintenance.

Political life
McCree was elected to the Flint City Commission in 1958.  The Flint City Commission selected him as mayor for the years 1966–68.  During his time as Mayor, he pushed for open housing and employment equal opportunity.

In 1967, he was involved in trying to end the violence in Detroit during the 1967 riots. That same year after the City Commission refused to adopt an open housing ordinance, he threatened to resign as mayor. Other prominent African-Americans joined in threatening to resign from public boards. The open housing law was later adopted in a charged contested referendum. McCree continued serving on the City Commission until 1970.  In 1970, he was a Michigan state representatives candidate for the 82nd district.

In 1971, McCree took office as Genesee County Register of deeds. He ran for Mayor under a new charter that directly elected a strong mayor in 1975 and 1979 losing both times to James W. Rutherford.

McCree continued to be elected County Register, but he died on June 15, 1988, before the primary election.

Legacy
On April 4, 2022, a bronze statue of McCree was unveiled in front of the Flint City Hall. The statue was made by artist Joe Rundell. The statue was financed by a fundraising campaign by the Community Foundation of Greater Flint.

References

African-American mayors in Michigan
Mayors of Flint, Michigan
People from Webster Groves, Missouri
1988 deaths
1923 births
20th-century African-American politicians
20th-century American politicians
United States Army personnel of World War II


Old Donation Church is the third Lynnhaven Parish Church and is the oldest church in Virginia Beach.  Records show that the parish's first church services were held in 1637 in the home of Adam Thoroughgood.  The first church building was constructed on Mr. Thoroughgood's land in 1639 on the location later known as "Church Point." The vestry, or governing body of the church, was established in 1640.

By 1691 the church building had begun to deteriorate and the land around the church was slowly being eroded by the Lynnhaven River.  The vestry approved the building of a new church on two acres of land purchased from Ebenezer Taylor.  The second Lynnhaven Parish Church was completed in 1692.

As the parish grew the second church was no longer able to meet the needs of the larger congregation. In 1733 the vestry ordered the building of a new church that could accommodate the parish's needs.  The third church was accepted by the vestry on June 25, 1736.

The last colonial rector of Lynnhaven Parish was the Reverend Robert Dickson.  He served as rector of the parish for 25 years.  Upon his death in 1776, he left his home, slaves and property to the church.  This property, which was to be used as a free school for orphan boys, became known as "Donation Farm."  It is from this reference that the church became known as Old Donation Church. The Reverend Dickson was buried under the altar in the 1736 church.

Although records show that Old Donation Church underwent repairs in 1822, it was enjoying regular services and had a healthy congregation.  In the years that followed, however, many families moved to the area that we know today as "Kempsville."  In 1842, the parish was reorganized to accommodate these new outlying communities and a new church, Emmanuel Episcopal Church, was built in Kempsville.

Soon after Emmanuel Church was completed, Old Donation was abandoned for services.  In 1882, a forest fire gutted the abandoned church leaving only the exterior walls standing. Through the interest of Thurmer Hoggard and his family, yearly services were held in the roofless ruins to keep the memory of the old church alive.

In 1911 an organization was founded to raise funds to rebuild Old Donation.  Through the enthusiastic and tireless efforts of the Rev. Richard Alfriend and Judge B. D. White, construction was begun in 1912. The church's restoration was finished in 1916 and Old Donation was once again open for services.  The church's bell tower was erected in 1923.

The church underwent major repairs in the 1960s to ensure the building's structural integrity.  It was during this time that the slate floors were installed.  These renovations were completed in 1966.  Old Donation is included on the National Register of Historic Places and is one of the stops on the Bayside History Trail.

The parish's third church, built in 1736, and its congregation, dating to 1637, are both among the oldest churches and congregations in the United States.

The current Rector of the church is the Rev. Robert J. Randall, Jr.

See also
 Grace Sherwood
 Ferry Plantation House
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Virginia Beach, Virginia

References

External links

Old Donation Episcopal Church website
Bayside History Trail map

1637 establishments in Virginia
Churches completed in 1736
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Episcopal churches in Virginia
Religious organizations established in the 1630s
Old D
Buildings and structures in Virginia Beach, Virginia
18th-century Episcopal church buildings
National Register of Historic Places in Virginia Beach, Virginia


"C'est dans l'air" (English: "It's in the Air") is a 2008 electronic dance song recorded by French singer-songwriter Mylène Farmer. It is the fourth single from her seventh studio album Point de suture. The CD-single was released on 27 April 2009, followed by other formats one week later. Unlike Farmer's three previous singles, the song failed to enter at number one of the French Singles Chart, but topped the chart the week after, becoming Farmer's eighth number one single (and her fourth consecutive) in France. A live version of the song was also released, as the first single from Farmer's 2009 live album N°5 on Tour.

Background and release
On 27 March 2009, the CD promo and the mp3 version were sent to the radio stations, and the song was officially announced as the fourth single from the album. The NRJ All French web radio station began to air a radio version of the song.

The track became a fan favourite and, according to a poll made on Mylene.net, most fans wanted this song as the third single instead of "Si j'avais au moins..."

On 10 April 2009, the cover artwork was revealed on Mylene.net. On 27 April, the CD single was released and all the versions were available digitally. The two CD maxi and the 12" were released on 4 May.

On 26 November 2009, it was announced that a live version of the song would be released as the first single from Farmer's 2009 live album N°5 on Tour.

Lyrics and music
Farmer turns a noun into a verb in the refrain, "coïter", which does not exist in the French language. According to the psychologist Royer, the song contains touches of humour, especially in the verses in which the singer states in a deep voice "all the sins of the world". In this song which appears as "a form of apology for sin", the singer became "the spokeswoman of the misunderstoods and the madmen". According to the author Erwan Chuberre, the song is a "Dionysian hymn" which "exhorts us to transform our destiny", which sums up the philosophy of the album Point de suture.

Music video
The music video was aired on television on 15 April 2009. Directed by 3D-animations designer Alain Escalle, it was shot in black and white, and shows Farmer dancing with skeletons in the background (Farmer's face becomes skeletal itself). Archival nuclear test footage is also used in the video, and at the end of the video the Earth is destroyed after a nuclear explosion.

The video received mixed reviews. It was sometimes accused of "feeding morbid obsessions or of shocking by simple taste for provocation". However, Chuberre considered the video as "direct and forceful" and complimented the "exciting and electric atmosphere" of Farmer's 2009 concerts. Chuberre also believes that the video provides "an universal truth: the destructive power at the center of this substance can destroy us, but can also help us to build."

The live music video by François Hanss was available on the Internet on 27 November and was composed of images from Farmer's concert at the Stade de France in Paris on 12 September 2009.

Promotion and live performances
The song was never performed on television. It was sung during the 2009 tour: Farmer wore a black leather jacket with a golden cross in the back, and her dancers a beige jackets with a black cross in the back. They performed almost the same choreography as used in the music video, including some additional gestures. After the main part of the song, the musicians and dancers are presented on the screen above the stairs.

Reception

Reviews
The song has a techno, minimalistic rhythm at first, evolving to more techno which resembles "Optimistique-moi". The style of the lyrics, however, may relate to "L'Instant X" and the universe of French artist Zazie, as there is a lot of satire and sarcasm. Lyrics laugh at the "lame" things in life, and then goes on to talk about breathing and necessity.

The song was criticized by some media, including City Gay. According to Libération, the song "uses a fairly impressive art of set language". Télé Moustique deemed the verses are composed of "thoughts that will not revolutionize the songwriting". By contrast, Le Nouvel Observateur qualified it as a "very dancing" song and Voici even stated it is "calibrated to make the deads dance". Musique Radio deemed the song is an "original" and "beautiful up-tempo song" which seems to be musically similar to "Dégénération".

Chart performance
The music video reached number seven on the television airplay chart in its third week, on 2 May 2009. It also debuted at its peak at number 48 on the club chart. The single went straight to number two on the singles chart, being unable to dislodge Magic System and Khaled's hit "Même pas fatigué !!!", then climbed to number one the next week thanks to the CD maxi and the vinyl sales, selling 16,631 units that week. It allowed Farmer to establish a new record: to rank eight singles at number-one in France. It was also the first time since "Les Mots" (2001), the duet with Seal, that a Farmer's single did not reach its peak position in its first week on the French singles chart. However, the following week, it dropped to number five but stayed in the Top Ten for eight weeks. The song debuted at a peak of number 26 on the digital chart and remained in the Top 50 for three weeks.

For the same reason, the single climbed to number 44 on 17 May 2009 on the Swiss Singles Chart, after a debut at number 88, then fell off the chart, but re-entered for a sole week after Farmer's concerts in Geneva in September 2009. The song also reached number seven in its second week on the Eurochart Hot 100 and entered the Ultratop 50 in Belgium at number thirteen on 16 May 2009.

Formats and track listings
These are the formats and track listings of single releases of "C'est dans l'air":

First release

 CD single

 CD maxi 1

 CD maxi 2

 12" maxi

 CD single - Promo

 CD maxi - Promo - Club remixes 1

 CD maxi - Promo - Club remixes 2

Second release
 MP3 - Promo

 CD single 1 - Promo

 CD single 2 - Promo

 CD single - Club remix - Promo

 CD maxi - Club remix - Promo

 Digital download
All the versions

Credits
These are the credits and the personnel as they appear on the back of the single:
 Mylène Farmer – lyrics
 Laurent Boutonnat – music
 Polydor / Universal Music – recording company
 Stuffed Monkey – production
 Isiaka – editions
 Alain Escalle – photo
 Henry Neu – design
 Made in the E.U.

Release history

Official versions

Charts and sales

Peak positions

Year-end charts

Sales

References

Notes

External links
  Mylène Farmer — "C'est dans l'air" All about the song, on Mylene.net

2008 songs
2009 singles
Mylène Farmer songs
Songs with lyrics by Mylène Farmer
Songs with music by Laurent Boutonnat
SNEP Top Singles number-one singles
Live singles
Polydor Records singles
Universal Music Group singles


Hylton Castle is a suburb of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England. It is named after the nearby Hylton Castle.

External links
Sunderland : The Northern Suburbs
Hylton Castle at Ordnance Survey

City of Sunderland suburbs
Sunderland


The Kokomo Opalescent Glass Works of Kokomo, Indiana, is the oldest manufacturer of hand cast, rolled cathedral and opalescent glass in America, and the oldest manufacturer of opalescent glass in the world. In continuous operation since 1888, it was founded by Charles Edward Henry (born Paris, France about 1846), who was relocating his existing stained glass manufacturing business from New Rochelle, New York. KOG has long been an important supplier to the American stained glass industry, including documented sales to Louis Comfort Tiffany, and in 1889, KOG won a gold medal at the Paris World Exposition for their multi-colored window glass.

KOG was a leader in the development of opalescent glass from its origins, and has hundreds of color recipes, documented color combinations, and numerous textures and density formulas in sheet glass. Variation is one of the hallmarks of the way the glass is made, still using equipment for the hand-mixed roller table process that was first installed in the early 1900s.

See also
 Louis Comfort Tiffany
 Stained glass

References
Stained Glass Association of America, Stained Glass Magazine, Spring 1992, Vol. 87, No. 1

External links

 Undergraduate Summer Research Institute “All that Glitters *Might be Glass” retrieved March 30, 2009
 retrieved March 17, 2015
Glass history timeline retrieved March 30, 2009
Glass Artist produces window for KOG 100th anniversary ad retrieved March 30, 2009

Manufacturing companies based in Indiana
Glassmaking companies of the United States
Companies based in Kokomo, Indiana


"Stars Above Us" is a single from the band Saint Etienne. Taken from the album Tales from Turnpike House, It was released in the US only by record label Savoy Jazz. The single was released under the mis-leading title Dance Remixes Volume 1.

The remixes for the single were done by Eric Kupper and Jeff Barringer. The single also featured the album version, produced by the Xenomania production team, who also co-wrote the track with the band.

Track listing

Saint Etienne (band) songs
2006 singles
Song recordings produced by Xenomania
Songs written by Bob Stanley (musician)
Songs written by Pete Wiggs
Songs written by Sarah Cracknell
2006 songs
Songs written by Shawn Lee (musician)
Songs written by Tim Powell (producer)


Sten-Timmu Sokk (born 14 February 1989) is an Estonian professional basketball player for Charilaos Trikoupis Messolonghi B.C. of the Greek A2 Basket League. He is a 1.84 m (6 ft 0 in) tall point guard. He represents the Estonian national basketball team internationally.

Professional career
Sokk began playing basketball in his father's, Tiit Sokk's, basketball school. He began his professional career in 2005 with Noortekoondis/Audentes of the Korvpalli Meistriliiga. On his first season in the KML, Sokk averaged 7.04 points per game and won the KML Best Young Player Award.

In 2006, Sokk joined Dalkia/Nybit, coached by his father. He was named KML Best Young Player twice more in 2007 and 2008.

On 5 August 2008, Sokk joined TÜ/Rock, where he signed for the next four seasons. With TÜ/Rock, he won his first Estonian Championship in the 2009–10 season, after TÜ/Rock defeated Rakvere Tarvas 4 games to 2 in the finals and was named to the All-KML Team in the 2010–11 season.

In September 2012, he signed for Olimpi Tbilisi of the Georgian Superliga. Olimpi Tbilisi finished the 2012–13 season as runners-up.

On 3 August 2013, Sokk signed for Universitatea Craiova of the Liga Națională.

On 6 September 2014, Sokk signed for Rakvere Tarvas. On 22 December 2014, he left the club to join Dynamo Moscow of the Russian Basketball Super League, signing the contract on 9 January 2015.

On 17 September 2015, Sokk signed for Kalev/Cramo. He won his second Estonian Championship in the 2015–16 season, after Kalev/Cramo defeated his former team TÜ/Rock in the finals, and was named to the All-KML Team.

On 13 January 2022, Sokk signed for Charilaos Trikoupis Messolonghi B.C.

Estonian national team
Sokk was a member of the Estonian national under-18 basketball team that competed at the 2007 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship and finished the tournament in 12th place.

As a member of the senior Estonian national basketball team, Sokk competed at the EuroBasket 2015, averaging 6 points, 2.6 rebounds and 4.2 assists in 29 minutes per game. Estonia finished the tournament in 20th place.

Personal life
Sokk's father, Tiit Sokk, is a basketball coach and a retired professional basketball player who won a gold medal in the 1988 Summer Olympics with the Soviet Union national basketball team. His older brother, Tanel, is also a professional basketball player and represents the Estonian national basketball team internationally.

Awards and accomplishments

Professional career
TÜ/Rock
 Estonian League champion: 2010
 3× Estonian Cup champion: 2009, 2010, 2011
 BBL Cup champion: 2010

Kalev/Cramo
 3× Estonian League champion: 2016, 2017, 2018
 2× Estonian Cup champion: 2015, 2016

Individual
 3× KML Best Young Player: 2006, 2007, 2008
 2× All-KML Team: 2011, 2016

References

External links
 Sten Sokk at basket.ee
 Sten Sokk at fiba.com

1989 births
Living people
BC Dynamo Moscow players
BC Kalev/Cramo players
BC Rakvere Tarvas players
Estonian expatriate basketball people in Georgia (country)
Estonian expatriate basketball people in Greece
Estonian expatriate basketball people in Romania
Estonian expatriate basketball people in Russia
Estonian men's basketball players
Greek men's basketball players
Greek people of Estonian descent
Korvpalli Meistriliiga players
Point guards
Basketball players from Tallinn
University of Tartu basketball team players
People with acquired Greek citizenship


Wayne Anthony Ross (born February 25, 1943) is an American attorney residing in Alaska. In 2009, Ross was nominated to be Alaska Attorney General by then Governor Sarah Palin. His nomination was rejected by the Alaska Legislature on April 16, 2009. Ross is a current director of the National Rifle Association of America, and previously served as its vice president.

Biography

Ross has been active in Alaska politics for decades, running in the Republican gubernatorial primaries twice and serving on Palin's gubernatorial campaign. He has been active in lobbying for gun rights and against gun control, and in the pro-life movement.

Ross' nomination to be Alaska Attorney General was controversial. In 1993, he wrote a letter to the state bar association, arguing against a law which would prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation. In the letter, Ross wrote: "This bill seems to give extra rights to a group whose lifestyle was a crime only a few years ago, and whose beliefs are certainly immoral in the eyes of anyone with some semblance of intelligence and moral character." He went on to describe gay Alaskans as "degenerates" who engage in "sexual perversion". Questioned about these statements during his confirmation hearings, Ross compared his distaste for homosexuals to his distaste for lima beans, and stated that he would uphold state laws regardless of his personal opinions on homosexuality or lima beans. Ultimately, Ross' nomination was rejected by the Alaska Legislature on April 16, 2009, by a vote of 3523, the first time an Alaska Governor's cabinet appointee failed confirmation.

References

1943 births
Alaska lawyers
Alaska Republicans
Living people
Lawyers from Anchorage, Alaska


Oracle CRM is a customer relationship management system created by Oracle Corporation. It includes a number of different cloud applications that can be deployed together or used individually to analyze customer data and help companies connect and manage sales, marketing, and customer support.

History
Oracle hired Mark Barrenechea in 1997 to build a CRM development team. That development team evolved into the CRM division of Oracle in 1998, the first year that Oracle CRM was released. Later, Barrenechea was responsible for the CRM half of Oracle's E-Business Suite (EBS) when he helped to bridge the separation between CRM and ERP by creating a single database that covered marketing, sales, order management, and accounting. This allowed Oracle to automate the entire CRM business flow, from lead to billing.

Transition to Oracle Advertising and CX
In 2012, Oracle announced a new cloud-based focus on customer experience (CX) within its CRM business. At the time, CX was a relatively new term and referred to “the notion of providing a much more personalized approach to marketing and support." In 2021, Oracle combined its CX products with those from Oracle Data Cloud and renamed them Oracle Advertising and Customer Experience (CX). Oracle Advertising and Customer Experience (CX) is the name of Oracle's CRM system in the cloud.

Oracle CRM and Oracle Advertising and CX functionalities
Oracle provides the following CRM functionalities in its products:

 Lead management through Oracle Marketing
 Contact management through Oracle Sales
 Reporting and analytics through Oracle Analytics
 Sales force automation through Oracle Sales
 Mobile CRM through Oracle Sales
 AI through Oracle Sales and Oracle Marketing
 Email marketing through Oracle Marketing
 Sales forecasting through Oracle Sales
 Marketing automation through Oracle Marketing

Oracle's variations of CRM
Oracle offers different installations of the CRM system:
 On premises system
 PeopleSoft Enterprise CRM (formerly owned by PeopleSoft, which was acquired by Oracle in 2005)
eBusiness Suite CRM
Siebel CRM
Cloud
Oracle Advertising and Customer Experience (CX)
Advertising
Marketing
Sales
Service

Oracle CRM acquisitions
2005

 Siebel Systems

2010

 Art Technology Group (ATG)

2011

 RightNow Technologies

2012

 Eloqua

2013

 Compendium
 Responsys
 BigMachines

2014

 TOA Technologies
 BlueKai

2015

 Maxymiser

2018

 DataFox

References

Customer relationship management software
Oracle software
Customer relationship management software companies


The United States Army's Movement Tracking System (MTS) is a logistics communication platform under the Program Executive Office (PEO) for Enterprise Information Systems (PEO EIS). It is designed for commanders to track assets on the battlefield with encrypted text messaging. It is a satellite-based tracking and communicating system designed to provide command and control over distributed assets supporting and conducting theater operations.

This system provides units with digital National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency maps, global positioning system (GPS) location data, and L-band (long band) satellite two-way text messaging.
—Lifesaving Technology for Logistic Vehicle Operators

Operation

MTS can operate anywhere in the world giving over-the-horizon communications to vehicles on the move. Messages are transmitted via commercial satellites in near real-time and vehicle locations are displayed on computers with NGA maps. All messages are encrypted end-to-end, including sender and recipient addresses for information security purposes. MTS operates over a variety of [geostationary satellites] and is designed to transition automatically from one satellite system to another, as required.

Configuration
MTS computer systems come in two configurations, a mobile system that mounts in tactical vehicles and a laptop control station for use at a command post or at a higher headquarters.
With this system implemented, it enables soldiers to communicate with other MTS-enabled vehicles and control stations as well as seeing their position. It is ideal for accurately identifying current vehicle locations and sending messages to and from the unit. With these two systems, the commander has accountability of the missions and orders directed and the subordinate units have a higher level of force protection due to the ability of the system. Leaders can pass critical information such as mission changes, alternate routes and other information essential to the mission to subordinate units in the field.

History

Prior to the use of MTS, there existed a system called DTRACS from Qualcomm.

References
 CPT Hilt, Jeffrey J.; SFC Jones, Ronald L. (2004). "MTS: An Untold Commo Success Story in OIF."
 Tapp, Kelly M. (2004). "MTS Is Revolutionizing Logistics on the Move."
 CPT Weigner, Heather E.; Laudan, John E. (2005). "MTS: A Success Story of Battlefield Logisticians."

External links
 "MTS: An Untold Commo Success Story in OIF"
 "MTS Is Revolutionizing Logistics on the Move"
 "MTS: A Success Story for Battlefield Logisticians"
 "Lifesaving Technology for Logistic Vehicle Operators"

Military cartography


The Gallavardin phenomenon is a clinical sign found in patients with aortic stenosis. It is described as the dissociation between the noisy and musical components of the systolic murmur heard in aortic stenosis. The harsh noisy component is best heard at the upper right sternal border radiating to the neck due to the high velocity jet in the ascending aorta. The musical high frequency component is best heard at the cardiac apex. The presence of a murmur at the apex can be misinterpreted as mitral regurgitation. However, the apical murmur of the Gallavardin phenomenon does not radiate to the left axilla and is accentuated by a slowing of the heart rate (such as a compensatory pause after a premature beat) whereas the mitral regurgitation murmur does not change.

The sign is named after Louis Gallavardin, having been described by Gallavardin and Ravault in 1925.

References

Symptoms and signs: Cardiac


Overblown: How Politicians and the Terrorism Industry Inflate National Security Threats, and Why We Believe Them is a book by the American political scientist John E. Mueller published in 2006. It argues that the threat presented by terrorism, like many other security threats, has been much inflated.

The book and the argument

Origins
Mueller, an expert on war and terrorism, had been expressing critical views of the terrorism industry for some time before publishing this book. The central arguments of the book were rehearsed for the first time in a 2005 article in one of the leading academic journals devoted to the study of terrorism, Terrorism and Political Violence, "Six Rather Unusual Propositions about Terrorism."

Argument
Mueller's central argument is that an American is more likely to die of drowning in the bath than in a terrorist attack, and that the rational response to terrorism is to keep the threat in realistic context, and otherwise getting on with life. That this does not happen has something to do with the terrorism industry--experts, journalists and politicians—and something to do with the human inability to assess risk and chance accurately.

Mueller goes in his book to extend his central argument to other varieties of national security threat.

Bibliography
John Mueller, Overblown: How Politicians and the Terrorism Industry Inflate National Security Threats, and Why We Believe Them (New York: Free Press, 2006).
John Mueller, "Six Rather Unusual Propositions about Terrorism," Terrorism and Political Violence 17 (Autumn 2005), pp. 487‑505.

References

Mark Sedgwick, Review of Overblown, in Terrorism and Political Violence 19 (2007), pp. 438–40.

2006 non-fiction books
American political books
War on Terror books


"Forty-Four" or "44 Blues" is a blues standard whose origins have been traced back to early 1920s Louisiana.  However, it was Roosevelt Sykes, who provided the lyrics and first recorded it in 1929, that helped popularize the song. "Forty-Four," through numerous adaptations and recordings, remains in the blues lexicon eighty years later.

Origins
"Four-Four" was developed from an earlier piano-based blues theme titled "The Forty-Fours". Little Brother Montgomery, who is usually credited with early performances of the song, described it as a "barrelhouse, honky-tonk blues" without any lyrics. He taught it to another blues pianist, Lee Green, who taught it to Roosevelt Sykes.  Sykes explained:

Sykes added lyrics to the tune and recorded it as "44 Blues" on June 14, 1929, for Okeh Records. According to blues historian Paul Oliver, Sykes' lyrics "played on the differing interpretations of the phrase 'forty-fours'—the train number 44, the .44 caliber revolver and the 'little cabin' on which was the number 44, presumably a prison cell".

After Sykes recording, Green and Montgomery recorded their versions of "The Forty-Fours".  While instrumentally both were similar to Sykes' version, the subject matter and lyrics were different.  Green recorded his version, titled "Number 44 Blues," two months after Sykes and about one year later, Montgomery recorded his version titled "Vicksburg Blues".  Sykes' version was the most popular and "was to be far more influential than Green's version". Oliver believes that Sykes lyrics, with their "overlays of meaning" accounted for the popularity of his song among singers.  Many versions of "Forty-Four" appeared over the following years, including some that bore little resemblance to the original except for the title.  Sykes, Green, and Montgomery recorded it themselves ten times between 1929 and 1936.

Howlin' Wolf version
 In October 1954, Howlin' Wolf recorded his version, titled simply "Forty Four", as an electric Chicago blues ensemble piece. Unlike the early versions of the song, Wolf's recording featured prominent guitar lines and an insistent "martial shuffle on the snare drum plus a bass drum that slammed down like an industrial punch-press", according to biographers.  Wolf retained Sykes' handgun reference and added "Well I'm so mad this morning, I don't know where in the world to go".  With Howlin' Wolf's gruff and overpowering vocal style, the overall effect was menacing.

Backing Wolf, who sang and played harmonica, were Hubert Sumlin and Jody Williams on electric guitars, Otis Spann on piano, Willie Dixon on bass, and Earl Phillips on drums. Chess Records issued the song, with "I'll Be Around" as the B-side, on both 78 and 45 rpm record singles in 1954. It is included on Howlin' Wolf's first compilation album, Moanin' in the Moonlight (1959), as well as several other anthologies, such as Howlin' Wolf: The Chess Box (1991) and His Best (1997).

Legacy
"Forty-Four" is identified as a blues standard by blues historian Gerard Herzhaft, who calls it "a necessary piece for all followers of the '88' (piano)". The song has been recorded by numerous musicians in a variety of styles; in reviews, it is often described as a Howlin' Wolf song.

References

Sources

1929 songs
Roosevelt Sykes songs
Howlin' Wolf songs
1954 singles
Chess Records singles
Blues songs
Eric Burdon songs
Songwriter unknown


Robert Taylor Conrad (June 10, 1810 – June 27, 1858) was an American politician, lawyer and writer from Pennsylvania who served as mayor of Philadelphia from 1854 to 1856.  He was the first mayor of Philadelphia after the Consolidation Act of 1854.

Life and politics
He was the son of a publisher of Philadelphia, was educated for the bar, and attained a high reputation as a political speaker, and as an editor and poet. Before he was 21, he wrote a tragedy, Conradin, and in 1832 published the Daily Commercial Intelligencer, which was merged into the Philadelphia Gazette. Abandoning this occupation from failing health in 1834, he returned to the law, became recorder, and in 1838 judge of the criminal sessions for the city and county of Philadelphia. When the latter court was dissolved, he resumed the pen, edited Graham's Magazine, and became associate editor of the North American Review.

Conrad was recorder (part-time judge) for the suburban township of Northern Liberties, which became part of the city under the Consolidation Act of 1854. In the 1854 Philadelphia mayoral election, Conrad was the nominee of both the Whigs and Know Nothings (later known as the American Party). He won in a landslide, riding a wave of nativist sentiment that swept the United States in the mid-1850s. In 1856 he was appointed to the bench of the quarter sessions, serving in that capacity until 1857.

In literature he is best known by the tragedy of Aylmere, purchased by Edwin Forrest, in which that actor played the part of Jack Cade. The play was said to be "one of the few American tragedies to hold the stage." In 1852 Judge Conrad published a volume entitled Aylmere, or the Bondman of Kent, and other Poems, the principal poems being "The Sons of the Wilderness," a meditative poem on the wrongs and misfortunes of the North American Indians, and a series of sonnets on the Lord's Prayer. Another tragedy that he wrote, The Heretic, was never acted, nor published.

Conrad lived in West Philadelphia (at the corner of Lancaster Road and Market Street) at a time when that part of the city was largely uninhabited. Conrad was the son-in-law of U.S. Representative Thomas Kittera.

He died on June 17, 1858, and was interred at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia.

Legacy
The Robert T. Conrad public school in Philadelphia was named in his honor.

Notes

External links

 Robert T. Conrad. First Mayor of the Consolidated City of Philadelphia (an 1854 engraving of Conrad by John Sartain)
 Oration delivered by the Hon. Robert T. Conrad, at the celebration of the anniversary of American independence by the Philadelphia Repeal Association, at the Arch Street Theatre, July 5, 1841.

1810 births
1858 deaths
19th-century American dramatists and playwrights
19th-century American newspaper publishers (people)
19th-century American poets
19th-century American politicians
American magazine editors
American male writers
Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)
Lawyers from Philadelphia
Mayors of Philadelphia
Pennsylvania Know Nothings
Pennsylvania Whigs
Poets from Pennsylvania
Recorder (judge)
Writers from Philadelphia
19th-century American lawyers


"Thinking of You" is a song by American band Earth, Wind & Fire, released in January 1988 on Columbia Records as the third single from their fourteenth studio album, Touch the World (1987). It reached number one on the US Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart and number three on the Billboard Hot Soul Singles chart.

Overview
"Thinking of You" was produced and arranged by Maurice White. White also composed the song alongside Wayne Vaughn and Wanda Vaughn of the Emotions. Thinking of You came off EWF's 1987 album Touch The World.

"Thinking of You" spent two weeks atop the Billboard Hot Dance/Club Play chart in 1988.

During January 1988 a four minute long music video was issued by Columbia. The video was directed by David Hogan.

Critical reception
Phyl Garland of Stereo Review declared "and for that one unforgettably great song that graces every EW&F album, the candidate this time is Thinking of You, with its strutting rhythms, sassy horns and spirited vocal interplay". Harry Sumrall of the San Jose Mercury-News wrote "Thinking of You, is one of those seamless pop items that the group has always churned out with effortless ease."Jon Pareles of the New York Times also discerned "a midtempo groove and the sound of a kalimba (thumb piano) now synthesized".

Personnel
 Maurice White: songwriter, arranger, producer, lead vocals
 Wanda Vaughn: songwriter, background vocals
 Wayne Vaughn: songwriter, arranger, sequence programming
 Rhett Lawrence: drum programming, synthesizer, Fairlight CMI programming
 Ray Fuller: guitar
 Philip Bailey, Jeanette W. Williams: background vocals

Charts

References

1987 songs
1988 singles
Earth, Wind & Fire songs
Songs written by Maurice White
Columbia Records singles
Dance-pop songs


Hineini: Coming Out in a Jewish High School (2005) is a documentary film by director Irena Fayngold.

Plot
Hineini (Hebrew for 'Here I am') chronicles the story of Izen's attempt to establish a gay-straight alliance at a Jewish high school in Boston.

The student, Shulamit Izen, enters 9th grade at The New Jewish High School (now Gann Academy) in Waltham, Massachusetts openly identifying as a lesbian. Set in an interview format, Hineini documents Izen, her family, teachers, and other students who both support her campaign and those who oppose it.

Among the themes examined in the documentary is the Jewish community wrestling with the issues of pluralism and diversity.

Impact
The film was listed in the 2006 issue of Slingshot, a resource guide of the "50 most innovative Jewish organizations and projects" in the United States.

Hineini, along with Trembling Before G-d and Encounter Point, is featured in the Films That Change the World Purim to Passover Project.

Reactions
"An engaging portrait of a pioneering teen activist...a terrific teaching tool. New Jew's take on religious pluralism is never less than fascinating as students and staffers hold forth, pros and cons. Docu renders ancient concerns as vibrantly contemporary." - Variety

"[Hineini] examines how one community balanced its members’ profound and conflicting needs...Fayngold captures [the] tension...[and] the emotional stakes." -The Boston Globe

"...it's hard to resist the inspiring story of Shulamit Izen, a lesbian student who started a Gay-Straight Alliance at her private, religious New Jewish High School." - San Francisco Chronicle

"Director Irena Fayngold retraced Izen's journey, which took place in 2001, for her film...When she met Izen, Fayngold realized 'this wasn't the story of one girl. It was the story of a community,' she said."

"Poignant…Fayngold’s film reveals both the pathos and humor involved in the soul-searching that Izen and Gann Academy experience." -Jewish Telegraph Agency

"In the end it is perhaps [Headmaster Rabbi] Lehmann who articulates the film’s theme most precisely and most eloquently by noting that 'the core of our tradition is to bring together those conflicting opinions not in an attempt to somehow resolve them or create harmony, but to actually live in the tension of those differences.'"

See also
List of LGBT-related films

References

External links
Films That Change The World

Video Librarian: Review of Hineini, March-April 2009.

2005 films
Documentary films about LGBT and Judaism
LGBT in Massachusetts
2005 documentary films
Documentary films about high school in the United States
2005 LGBT-related films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films


Sverre Brandhaug (born 22 June 1959) is a retired football player from Norway, who played as a central midfield from 1981 to 1991 for Rosenborg BK in the Norwegian Premier League. He also played for Trondheims-Ørn SK and Strindheim IL. Brandhaug played 35 times for Norway and scored 2 goals.

References

Strindheim IL players
Rosenborg BK players
Norwegian men's footballers
Norway men's international footballers
Eliteserien players
Sportspeople from Trondheim
1959 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders


James Lawrence (1781–1813) was an American naval officer.

James Lawrence may also refer to:
James Lawrence (cricketer, born 1976), English cricketer, played for Durham in 1995 and British Universities in 1998
James Lawrence (New Zealand cricketer) (1867–1946), New Zealand cricketer, played for Canterbury and New Zealand
James Lawrence (Wellington cricketer) (1849-1898), New Zealand cricketer
James Lawrence (Cambridgeshire cricketer) (1785–?), English cricketer
James Lawrence (footballer) (born 1992), Wales international footballer
James Lawrence (Ohio politician) (1851–1914), Democratic politician from the state of Ohio
James Lawrence (triathlete), American triathlete
James Lawrence (rower) (1907–1995), American rower
Sir James Lawrence, 1st Baronet (1820–1897), British Member of Parliament for Lambeth, 1865 and 1868–1885
James Duncan Lawrence (author) (1918-1994), U.S. author
James E. Lawrence (1882–1941), American football player
James F. Lawrence Jr. (1918–2006), American Marine Corps Navy Cross recipient, lawyer
James H. Lawrence, member of the California legislature
James Henry Lawrence (1773–1840), British writer
James M. Lawrence (born 1946), magazine publisher
James R. Lawrence (1790–1874), American lawyer, politician, and judge from New York
Jamie Lawrence (footballer, born 1970), Jamaican footballer
Jamie Lawrence (MuggleCast)

See also
Jim Lawrence (disambiguation)


The Bemidji State Beavers are the athletic teams that represent Bemidji State University, located in Bemidji, Minnesota, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Beavers compete as members of the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference for all 14 varsity sports with the exceptions of men's and women's ice hockey, which respectively compete as members of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA) and Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA).

Varsity

List of teams

Men's sports
 Baseball
 Basketball
 Football
 Golf
 Ice Hockey

Women's sports
 Basketball
 Cross Country
 Golf
 Ice Hockey
 Soccer
 Softball
 Tennis
 Track & Field
 Volleyball

Individual sports

Ice hockey
The men's hockey team is one of seven teams that left the men's division of the WCHA after the 2020–21 season to reestablish the CCHA, whose original version had disbanded after the 2012–13 season. This move in turn led to the demise of the WCHA men's division. Before joining the WCHA in 2010–11, the Beavers had been members of College Hockey America. The women's hockey team competes in the WCHA, now a women-only league. The men's ice hockey team qualified for the 2009 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. The team defeated number one seed Notre Dame in a first round upset. The team later defeated Cornell to advance to its first Division I Frozen Four appearance, but then lost to Miami University in the semifinals.

Track and field
As of May 2011, the Men's Track and Field Program will be discontinued due to future budget constraints.

Alumni

 Matt Climie, NHL goaltender
 Brad Hunt, NHL left wing
 Andrew Murray, NHL center
 Gunner Olszewski, NFL wide receiver
 Joel Otto, NHL center
 Matt Read, NHL center

References

External links


Quacker Tracker is a 1967 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Rudy Larriva. The short was released on April 29, 1967, and stars Daffy Duck and Speedy Gonzales. It was the first of three "buffer cartoons" produced by Format Productions in between Warner Bros. ending its contract with previous Looney Tunes producers DePatie–Freleng Enterprises and re-establishing its own cartoon studio.

This is the only cartoon in Warner Bros. history with a music score by composer Frank Perkins, although veteran composer William “Bill” Lava served as music supervision.

Plot
The Tooth and Nail Hunting Society is experiencing a crisis - the one trophy that it does not have in its clubhouse is Speedy Gonzales, and all of their members are injured (apparently from previous, failed attempts at catching Speedy). The chairman offers a lifetime membership to anyone who catches Speedy, but one of the injured hunters tells him that "anybody who goes after Speedy Gonzales would have to be a stupid, idiotic, foolhardy ignoramus." At that moment the clubhouse's janitor, Daffy, offers his services as a hunter and, despite not knowing who or what Speedy is, goes off to Mexico to catch him.

Daffy quickly finds Speedy, who is entertaining his friends with some guitar-playing, and promptly tries to shoot him. Thanks to Daffy's abysmal aim however, Speedy and his friends escape without harm and flee to the safety of Speedy's mouse hole. Daffy invites Speedy to come out and look at a beautiful señorita through his "telescope" (actually a shotgun), and Speedy plays along with Daffy by pretending to see something up the shotgun's barrel. Daffy in turn decides to take a look himself, and Speedy causes the shotgun to fire and blast Daffy, angering the duck.

For his next trap, Daffy sets up a hunter's snare tied to a metal post, and sets a lure with cheese and Tabasco sauce. Speedy takes the bait, but the trap fails to function and Speedy escapes. Daffy checks it out, but then the trap decides to function and ensnares Daffy, hitting him against the ground several times. When Daffy recovers, Speedy runs up behind him and shouts out loud, causing Daffy to run away and in turn causing the snare to catapult him back into the ground.

After this, Daffy uses a wind-up doll mouse filled with explosives to try and blow up Speedy. Unfortunately the doll decides that it prefers Daffy to Speedy, resulting in Daffy being blown up instead. Daffy's next strategy is "Plan X" - disguising himself as a giant enchilada and delivering himself to Speedy's mouse hole. The mice become suspicious when they see Daffy's tail feathers sticking out of the enchilada however, and decide to fill it with Tabasco sauce. The sauce is so powerful that it sets fire to Daffy's hunting hat and sends him rocketing into the village fountain - which Speedy promptly drains, giving Daffy a very hard landing.

Finally, Daffy creates a device from a cannon and a jet engine, and chases Speedy into a system of pipes with it. When Daffy exits the pipes however the device fires him into an approaching train, and the force of the collision sends him rebounding all the way back into the United States, and back into the hunters' lodge via its roof. Daffy admits to the chairman that he's giving up on the idea of catching Speedy and declining the lifetime membership offer, since "with Speedy Gonzales around, life would be too short to enjoy it anyway."

See also
List of American films of 1967

References

External links

1967 films
1967 animated films
1967 short films
1960s American animated films
1960s animated short films
1960s Warner Bros. animated short films
Looney Tunes shorts
Daffy Duck films
Speedy Gonzales films
Format Films short films
1960s English-language films


Henry Broadley Harrison-Broadley (12 March 1853 – 29 December 1914) was a British Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1906 to 1914.

Harrison-Broadley was the nephew of William Harrison-Broadley, former MP for East Riding of Yorkshire. On the death of his uncle in 1896 he inherited Welton House. On 25 October 1899 he was appointed Honorary Colonel of the 1st Volunteer Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment, based in Hull.

Harrison-Broadley was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for the Howdenshire constituency at the 1906 general election, and held the seat until his death in 1914, aged 61.

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1853 births
1914 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1906–1910
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910–1918