Alan Emlyn Williams (28 August 1935 – 21 April 2020) was an ex-foreign correspondent, novelist and writer of thrillers.

Personal life
He was educated at Stowe, Grenoble and Heidelberg Universities, and at King's College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1957 with a B.A. in modern languages. His father was the actor and writer Emlyn Williams. Noël Coward was his godfather. His younger brother Brook (1938–2005) was also an actor.

Journalist Philippa Toomey described him as a "talented and funny mimic with a gift for words and a stock of tales from the shaggy Express story to the grimmer side of international journalism."

He had three children. Owen (born 1977) and Laura (born 1980) with his first wife, Antonia (née Simpson). He then married literary agent Maggie Noach and their daughter Sophie was born in 1989. Together they compiled The Dictionary of Disgusting Facts.

Journalism, and adventures behind the Iron Curtain

Williams' British paperback publishers would claim that his first-hand experience of adventure and intrigue was put to superb use in his novels.

As a student, he took part in the Hungarian uprising. He took a supply of penicillin to the insurgents in Budapest. He masqueraded his way into East Germany when that country was virtually closed. He was a delegate from Cambridge to the World Festival of Peace and Friendship in Warsaw, where he and some friends smuggled a Polish student to the West.

After graduating from Cambridge, Williams worked for Radio Free Europe in Munich. He then moved on to print journalism, starting at the Western Mail. He then joined The Guardian before becoming foreign correspondent for The Daily Express, covering international wars and "other horrors".

He covered stories in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union, Israel and the Far East. As a reporter he covered most of the world's trouble spots – Vietnam, the Middle-East, Algeria, Czechoslovakia, Ulster, Mozambique, Cyprus and Rhodesia.

He covered two Israeli–Arab conflicts, including the Six-Day War.

In Algeria, the Foreign Office received complaints about him from both the French Army and the Arabs. Subsequently, he had to be smuggled out of the country after the word barbouze (spy) had been written on his car, In Beirut, he encountered Kim Philby the day before the latter disappeared to Moscow.

His Vietnam reporting won him much praise. Jon Bradshaw called him "perhaps the best observer of war in England. His articles on Vietnam are far and away the best pieces produced in Britain on the subject." According to Phillip Knightley, correspondents sewed their official identification tags – name and organisation – on their jackets. However, Williams' press accreditation tag carried an unintended connotation, which raised eyebrows: Alan Williams, Queen, though "it was to the disbelief of most GIs", wrote Phillip Knightley.

Journalist and war correspondent Nicholas Tomalin described Williams as his wildest friend. Williams based a character in The Beria Papers on Tomalin and, upon selling the film rights, told Tomalin that he should play himself in the movie version.

Solzhenitsyn's Cancer Ward

Soviet authorities had prohibited Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn from publishing his semi-autobiographical novel Cancer Ward. The notoriety piqued British publishers' curiosity, among them The Bodley Head. Rival attempts were soon under way to obtain a copy of the manuscript. Williams and his friend Nicholas Bethell went behind the Iron Curtain to obtain the manuscript from a go-between who had a signed document attesting that he was acting on Solzhenitsyn's behalf. Both men knew they were risking their lives and time. There was no guarantee they would succeed, be the first to obtain the novel, or that The Bodley Head would purchase the manuscript let alone publish it. According to several sources, Williams smuggled the book out of Czechoslovakia, passing through the frontier post with the leaves spread out on his lap under a road map. The Bodley Head subsequently published the first Russian-language edition of the novel and the English language translation.

Williams used a fictionalised version of this incident as an ironic story element in his novel The Beria Papers. There, the protagonists pretend to smuggle a manuscript from behind the Iron Curtain.

Critical assessment

Williams won immediate acclaim with his first novel: Long Run South was runner-up in the 1963 John Llewelyn Rhys Memorial Prize

Noël Coward wrote in his diary, "I have read a thriller by my godson Alan Williams called Long Run South and it is really very good indeed. He is an authentic writer. There is, as with all his generation, too much emphasis on sex, squalor and torture and horror, but it's graphically and imaginatively written."

His second novel, Barbouze, was even better received. Several critics said that it transcended the genre, lifting him into the top-most ranks of younger serious British novelists. The Sunday Telegraph declared Barbouze a compassionate thriller. The Sunday Times praised the exuberance and poetry in the writing which the reviewer noted was then very rare in British fiction.

Williams remained a favourite of the critics over the years. Books & Bookmen called Williams "the natural successor to Ian Fleming." British Book News said "Alan Williams is a thriller writer who has conspicuously succeeded in the rare feat of combining a novelist's art with a journalist's training." The New York Times critic Martin Levin said, "If you were to ask me who were the top ten writers of intrigue novels, I would list Alan Williams among the first five."

His fellow writers also lauded him. Williams was a firm favourite of spy novelist John Gardner who said The Beria Papers and Gentleman Traitor "were both ahead of their time" and described Williams as "one of the important figures in the change and development of the espionage novel." Gardner subsequently called The Beria Papers one of the ten greatest spy novels ever written. Author and critic H.R.F. Keating praised the "authentic feel" of his novels, adding "their pacy excitement derives from their author's writing skill." And according to crime author Mike Ripley, "a good thriller can take you to an entirely foreign environment, as in the books of Alan Williams." Bestselling author Robert Ludlum was a devotee. He especially admired Holy of Holies, insisting that it "will glue you to your chair with suspense."

Film adaptations

The Pink Jungle is an adaptation of Snake Water. The film, which starred James Garner, Eva Renzi and George Kennedy was neither a critical or financial success. Williams deemed it the worst film he'd ever seen in his life. He complained that the film-makers took the characters' names and nothing else from his novel.

Dirk Bogarde had hoped to make a film of Barbouze co-starring Orson Welles with Bryan Forbes directing, but this came to nothing.

A proposed film of Long Run South, to have been filmed on location in 1967, never materialised.

Richard Burton purchased film rights to The Tale of the Lazy Dog. Shillingford Productions currently holds film rights.

Bibliography

Novels
 Long Run South [1962]
 Barbouze [1964] US title: "The False Beards"
 Snake Water [1965]
 The Brotherhood [1968] US title and UK paperback reprint title: "The Purity League"
 The Tale of the Lazy Dog [1970]
 The Beria Papers [1973]
 Gentleman Traitor [1975]
 Shah-Mak [1976] US paperback retitled "A Bullet for the Shah"
 The Widow's War [1978]
 Dead Secret [1980]
 Holy of Holies [1981]

Novelizations
From 1991-1992, Boxtree Books of London published six paperback tie-ins to the TV series L.A. Law. Of the five written under the house pseudonym "Charles Butler", three of them, adapting episode teleplays, were by Williams:
 L.A. Law (#4): Into the Dark
 L.A. Law (#5): Out of Court
 L.A. Law (#6): Cold Blood

Non-fiction
 Williams, Alan. Noach, Maggie. The Dictionary of Disgusting Facts [1986] Foreword by Sir Les Patterson.

As contributor
 Williams, Alan (as contributor). "Vietnam Views". A magazine article reprinted in Bradshaw's Guide: The Best of Current Magazine Writing compiled by Jon Bradshaw. Leslie Frewin, London, [1968], 208 pages. pp. 86–107. Also features contributions from Tom Wolfe, Anthony Burgess, V. S. Naipaul, and John Mortimer.

Editor
 Williams, Alan. The Headline Book of Spy Fiction [1992] Compilation of excerpts from spy novels by himself and other authors. Includes ending from Williams' own novel Gentleman Traitor.

Footnotes and references

External links

 film treatment of The Tale of the Lazy Dog
 Family tree
 The Dictionary of Disgusting Facts excerpt

1935 births
2020 deaths
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
British spy fiction writers
British war correspondents
Daily Express people
Heidelberg University alumni
People educated at Stowe School
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty people
The Guardian journalists
Grenoble Alpes University alumni


The Battle of Famaillá (Famaillá, Tucumán Province, Argentina, September 19, 1841), was a Federal Party victory, under the command of former Uruguayan president Manuel Oribe, over the army of the Unitarian Party under general Juan Lavalle, during the Argentine Civil War.

Prelude to the battle
After the failure of Lavalle's army to occupy Buenos Aires and its defeat at the Battle of Quebracho Herrado, his army and the one under the command of Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid had to abandon Córdoba Province, marching to the northern Argentine provinces. There they formed an alliance known as Coalition of the North, of Unitarian inspiration, which assembled powerful forces in the fight against Juan Manuel de Rosas and his allies.

While Lamadrid formed a new army in Tucumán Province, Lavalle spent several months in a campaign in La Rioja Province, to delay Oribe and to give his ally time to prepare. In order to open new fronts, he sent two divisions, one to Santiago del Estero, which failed without a fight, and another to Cuyo, which was destroyed at the Battle of San Cala.

Lavalle was finally forced to retreat towards Catamarca Province, where he and Lamadrid divided the provinces again: the latter would go to Cuyo to try to raise an insurrection against Rosas, while Lavalle would await a confrontation with Oribe in Tucumán, joining his forces with that province's governor, Marco Avellaneda. Oribe also marched towards Tucumán, wishing to finally resolve the war, while sending general Ángel Pacheco after Lamadrid.

The battle
After trying to avoid the enemy main force in order to buy time to reinforce his army, Lavalle waited for the Federals on the north bank of the Famaillá river, about  south of the provincial capital. Lavalle's forces comprised about 2,000 men, and the federal army about 2,200, after general Eugenio Garzón's, moved out to occupy the city of Tucumán.

The battle started at mid-morning. The Unitarian army included Marco Avellaneda, Juan Esteban Pedernera, Manuel Hornos and other notables. Among the Federals there were Juan Felipe Ibarra, Celedonio Gutiérrez, Hilario Lagos and Mariano Maza. At first it seemed it would last without definition for a long time, but early on it was clear that the veterans of the Federal army easily outclassed Lavalle's soldiers. The victory was in the hands of Oribe, and Lavalle and his men were forced to run away.

Consequences
Avellaneda escaped to the north, but betrayed by his security chief, he would be executed at Metán by orders of Oribe and Maza.  Lavalle escaped to San Salvador de Jujuy, where he was killed on a chance encounter with a Federal party. His remains were carried to Potosí, Bolivia, by Pedernera. The latter would have more luck, as he eventually reached the post of vicepresident of the nation, although he was forced to preside on the dissolution of his own government in 1861.

On the Federal side, Gutiérrez would become governor of Tucumán for 10 years; Lagos would become the chief of the Federal party of Buenos Aires after the fall of Rosas, and Oribe would return to his country, Uruguay, to govern for another nine years.

The Battle of Famaillá signaled the end of the Coalition of the North. It was also Lavalle's last battle, and the next to last in the civil war. Only ten days later, Lamadrid was defeated at the Battle of Rodeo del Medio, and the country would be controlled by the Federalist Party, almost without opposition for another ten years.

Bibliography

Battles of the Argentine Civil War
Conflicts in 1841
September 1841 events
History of Tucumán Province


Andrew Morrisson is a British classical organist and Master of the Choristers at St Andrew's Cathedral, Aberdeen, and Associate Head of the School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences at the Robert Gordon University.

Biography
Morrisson was educated at Brentwood School (England) in Essex, where he studied organ with Edgar Brice from the Royal Academy of Music, and at Imperial College London, where he studied chemistry. Following a move to Aberdeen to study for a PhD at the Macaulay Institute, he was appointed Assistant Organist at St Andrew's Cathedral, Aberdeen, and then Organist and Master of the Choristers in 1983, succeeding Geoffrey Pearce.

Morrisson has conducted the St Andrew's Cathedral Choir in radio and television broadcasts and has made a number of recordings, including a solo CD to mark 21 years tenure at the Cathedral. He has conducted the Cathedral Choir in over 20 of the major churches in the United Kingdom, most recently in St Paul's Cathedral, London. In October 2005 he led the Cathedral Choir, including the newly formed Cathedral Girls' Choir, on a tour of New York, Boston and Hartford, Connecticut. 2008 marked the 25th anniversary of Morrisson's appointment as Organist and Master of Choristers at St Andrew's Cathedral. Morrisson has also conducted several Aberdeen choirs, most notably Con Anima, and has been involved with co-operation between cathedral music departments across Scotland for many years.

Morrisson is the Associate Head of the School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences at the Robert Gordon University Aberdeen. Since 2001 he has been the Subject Leader in Forensic Science at RGU with responsibility for implementing undergraduate and postgraduate teaching programmes and coordinating research and consultancy in forensic science. His own research interest focuses on the application of analytical chemistry and chemometric techniques to forensic science and on the use of soil as forensic evidence. He is currently a member of the Board of the Forensic Institute Research Network and in 2008 was made an honorary professor at the Bonn-Rhein-Sieg university of Applied Sciences, Bonn, Germany.

References

External links
 St Andrew's Cathedral, Aberdeen
 Robert Gordon University

Living people
Cathedral organists
British male organists
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century organists
21st-century British male musicians
Male classical organists


The Type 054A (NATO/OSD Jiangkai II) is a class of guided-missile frigate from the People's Republic of China. It is a development of the Type 054 frigate; compared to its predecessor, the Type 054A has medium-range air defense capability in the form of Type 382 radar and vertically launched (VLS) HHQ-16 surface-to-air missiles.

The Type 054A entered service with the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) in January 2008, and was a key component of the PLAN's surface fleet by the late 2010s. Production was ongoing in 2021.

Design

The Type 054 was heavily influenced by the  from France, and so reflected the strategic and operational requirements of that country. The development of the Type 054A may have been driven by China's need to address high-intensity armed conflict.

The Type 054A uses the same stealthy hull form as the Type 054. The forward launcher for HQ-7 short-range SAM is replaced with a 32-cell vertical launching system for medium-range HHQ-16 SAMs and Yu-8 antisubmarine rockets. The smaller main gun and Type 730 close-in weapon system (CIWS) are also installed.

The radar suite makes use of technology reverse engineered from Russian systems; the affected Chinese systems may include the H/LJQ-382 air search radar (from the Fregat MAE-3) and the H/LJQ-366 fire control radar (from the Mineral ME). The HHQ-16 target illuminators may also be derived from the Russian MR-90.

Ships starting with the 17th unit were constructed with enhanced anti-submarine warfare capability - adding variable depth and towed array sonar - and the Type 1130 CIWS instead of the Type 730. These ships have been unofficially referred to as Type 054A+, Type 054A2, or modified Jiangkai II.

In 2015, Gabe Collins estimated that each ship cost .

Operational history

Type 054As have regularly deployed beyond China's regional waters.

Ships have participated in anti-piracy naval patrols off of Somalia. The first was Huangshan, which deployed as part of China's second rotation in April 2019. From there, the ships have been detached to respond to regional crises. Frigates evacuated Chinese citizens from Libya in 2011 - making Xuzhou the first PLAN ship to enter the Mediterranean Sea - and Yemen in 2015. Another joined an international effort to secure Syria's chemical weapons in 2014.

Frigates also participated in the first Chinese naval exercises with the Russian Navy in the Mediterranean in 2015 and the Baltic Sea in 2017.

Exports

In January 2013, it was confirmed that China offered three Type 054As to the Royal Thai Navy for US$1 billion. Ultimately, Thailand selected a derivative of the South Korean  from Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering.

Pakistan ordered four Type 054A variants from Hudong-Zhonghua in 2017-2018 as the Type 054A/P, or . The first entered service on 8 November 2021.

Ships of class

Gallery

See also
List of naval ship classes in service

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

 Chinese Defense Today page
 Chinese Navy

Stealth ships


The Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo (, NHM) is Norway's oldest and largest museum of natural history. It is situated in the neighborhood of Tøyen in Oslo, Norway.

It traces its roots to the University Botanical Garden, which was founded near Tøyen Manor in 1814. Museums for zoology, botany and geology were added approximately a hundred years later, when the university campus in central Oslo had become too small for such purposes.
 Major proponents were Waldemar Christofer Brøgger and Nordal Wille. For most of the twentieth century the museums and botanical garden were organized in five different entities; these were merged on 1 August 1999. The current name dates from 2005.

The Zoological Museum displaying wildlife from Norway as well as the rest of the world. The Botanical Garden  contains 35,000 plants,   7,500 species and two exhibition greenhouses. The Geological Museum contain research material of more than 2 million fossils, rock specimens and minerals. A selection of specimens are on display in both the Geological Museum and the Zoological Museum. Among the attractions is the Darwinius masillae fossil "Ida", a primate from the Eocene Epoch.

Gallery

References

External links

 Official site (English)
 Panorames from the exhibits

Museums in Oslo
Natural history museums in Norway
University of Oslo
University museums in Norway


Rugby union is a minor, but developing sport in Jordan.

Governing body
Jordanian rugby is administered by Jordan Rugby, which has been recognized by the Jordan Olympic Committee since 2007.

History
Rugby was first introduced into Jordan by the British. Since then, it has mainly been played by expatriates from the British Commonwealth and foreign workers.

Jordan maintains a close relationship with AGRFU, and their development team includes Ghaith Jalajel, a Jordanian.

The Dubai Sevens has also helped stir up some interest in the sport in Arabic-speaking nations. Jordanian rugby has its own sevens and rugby 15s leagues that consists of Citadel Warriors RFC, Citadel Knights RFC, Nomads RFC, Amman Saracens and Aqaba Sharks.

Lowest rugby match
Jordan has hosted a rugby match at the lowest altitude ever recorded - at over 400 metres below sea level on the eastern shore of the Dead Sea on 29 October 1982. This was between a team representing Aqaba and Safi and another representing Amman. The temperature at the time, was in the 90s (fahrenheit).

National team
The Jordan national rugby union team is a third tier rugby playing international side. Jordan played their first test match against  on 14 May 2010, in Dubai. They competed in and won the inaugural Asian 5 nations division 3 West competition in 2016.

Rugby clubs in Jordan
There are three clubs in Amman:
 Nomads Rugby Club
 Amman Citadel Rugby Club
 Amman Saracens
 Sosruka rugby
Outside Amman:
 Aqaba Sharks

References
 Cotton, Fran (Ed.) (1984) The Book of Rugby Disasters & Bizarre Records. Compiled by Chris Rhys. London. Century Publishing.
 Richards, Huw A Game for Hooligans: The History of Rugby Union (Mainstream Publishing, Edinburgh, 2007, )

External links
 Jordan Rugby Union
 Rugby in Asia, Jordan page
 Asian Rugby Football Union
 "Islam and Rugby" on the Rugby Readers review
 Amman Citadel Rugby Club

Rugby union in Jordan
Sports competitions in Jordan


A civic lottery, a popular term for the contemporary use of sortition or allotment, is a lottery-based method for selecting citizens for public service or office. It is based on the premise that citizens in a democracy have both a duty and the desire to serve their society by participating in its governance.

Today, the most common use of the civic lottery process is found in many Anglo-Saxon judicial systems, where citizen juries are summoned to hear and render verdicts in court cases. The term for this is popularly known as jury duty.

Civic lotteries are increasingly popular in Canada, where provincial Citizens' Assemblies on Electoral Reform took place in British Columbia in 2004 and in Ontario in 2006. The membership of each Assembly was determined by a civic lottery which invited citizens to volunteer as candidates.
In British Columbia, the government sent 23,034 letters to randomly identified citizens throughout the province. 1,715 replied and volunteered to serve as members of the Assembly. In Ontario, 123,489 citizens were identified during a random electronic draw from the Permanent Register of Electors. Each citizen received a letter inviting him or her to apply, and 7,033 volunteered as candidates. Ultimately, during a final selection process, 158 names were drawn from among the candidates to participate as members of the BC Assembly. 103 were selected as members in Ontario.

MASS LBP, a Canadian company inspired by the work of the Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform (Ontario), that has designed and implemented 50 Civic Lotteries between 2007 and 2023, has developed an increasingly sophisticated system for running civic lotteries to randomly select citizens to participate on government advisory panels. The lotteries, which ask citizens to give up several consecutive weekends to participate on a panel, enjoy a strong positive response rate, typically exceeding five percent. This suggests that citizens are more interested in public affairs than declining voter-turnout rates indicate.

Panel members are randomly selected from among the pool of candidate-respondents to create a panel that roughly matches the demographic profile of the wider population.

See also
Sortition
MASS LBP
Democracy
Democratic deficit
Deliberative democracy
Direct democracy

References

External links
MASS LBP official site
Sorted: Civic Lotteries and the Future of Public Participation
How to run a Civic Lottery: Designing fair selection mechanisms for deliberative public processes; A Guide and License (Version 1.4)
The Ontario Citizens Assembly
The Ontario Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform a record of Ontario’s first citizens’ assembly process
The BC Citizens Assembly
Citizens’ Reference Panel on Pharmacare in Canada

Active citizenship
Sampling (statistics)


Ingolstadt Nord station (also called the Nordbahnhof in German, meaning "North station") is the second operational passenger station in the town of Ingolstadt, in the state of Bavaria in southern Germany. The other station is Ingolstadt Hauptbahnhof.

The station is entered in the official list of Deutsche Bahn station abbreviations as MIN and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 3 station. The station is overseen by the station management at Rosenheim.

Operationals importance
The new high-speed railway from Ingolstadt to Nuremberg branches off the old Munich–Ingolstadt–Treuchtlingen (timetable no. KBS 990). The high-speed tracks begin turning out even within the station limits in order to run into the Audi Tunnel which is immediately next to the station. There is also a heavily used goods siding which branches off to the refineries that are located in the eastern part of the city.

Passenger services
The Nordbahnhof is only served by regional train services: the Regionalexpress (RE) and  Regionalbahn (RB) trains. Intercity-Express (ICE) and InterCity (IC) trains pass through without stopping. A summary of passenger services at the station is shown in the table below:

In addition several extra trains are laid on during rush hours between Ingolstadt Nord and Eichstätt and between Ingolstadt Nord and Munich.
Because the Nordbahnhof, unlike the Hauptbahnhof, is located close to the town centre and not far from the Audi factory, it is used particularly by schoolchildren, students and Audi employees travelling to and from the area.

Goods traffic
Goods traffic plays a major role at Ingolstadt Nord. Numerous goods trains arrive with manufacturing parts for the Audi factory. These trains are detached in the station and shunted into the car manufacturer's industrial sidings. The factory has an extensive set of tracks that are busy around the clock.

In Ingolstadt Nord there is also a branch line, several kilometres long, that is still used by goods traffic. This splits again at the edge of the town into various goods sidings leading to two oil refineries and the InterPark industrial estate.

Infrastructure
The station has an extensive track system which includes five tracks with platforms (nos. 3 to 7) and which are used by passenger trains. Tracks 4 and 5 belong to the new high-speed route and only trains of the Munich-Nuremberg Express stop here. All platforms have a height of 76 cm. Tracks 3, 6 and 7 are 270 m long; tracks 4 and 5 are  only 170 m long. All platforms have lifts; platforms 4 and 5 are only partly suitable for wheelchairs due to their steep slopes. Apart from 3 ticket machines, two snack vending machines and a toilet block there are no services at the station.

The station building, dating from 1869/1870, and the station forecourt are currently (2007) in poor structural condition. In the near future, however, a conversion is planned which should see the town of Ingolstadt purchasing the station building from  Deutsche Bahn, and converting it into a cultural centre. However, there are no firm plans yet. In addition, there is a plan to build a multi-storey car park with 290 bays and an integrated kiosk, which will greatly improve the parking situation for travellers. It was announced that the necessary real estate would be bought in September or October 2007 and that work would begin in spring 2008.

See also
Royal Bavarian State Railways
List of railway stations in Bavaria

References

External links
Platform information on the DB website

Railway stations in Bavaria
Buildings and structures in Ingolstadt
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1869
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1870
1869 establishments in Bavaria


Poker Player, formerly Total Gambler, is a monthly British poker magazine. The magazine is published by People Like You Publishing, who acquired the title in February 2013, and edited by Alun Bowden.

History and profile
It was launched by the owner of Maxim magazine, Dennis Publishing, in August 2005. To capitalise on the recent surge in popularity for online gambling, the company created Total Gambler alongside another magazine, The Sportsman, which was scheduled to launch in early 2006. Dennis Publishing, which also owns a magazine for expert gamblers called Inside Poker, created the magazine after it was convinced that there is still significant advertising potential from online gambling companies. The goal of Total Gambler is to provide an introduction to gambling for 18- to 40-year-old men. With an initial print run of 650,000, the magazine was Britain's most widely circulated monthly men's magazine when it launched. The magazine is given away free with Maxim and other magazines published by Dennis Publishing aimed at young men, such as Bizarre, Computer Shopper, and Men's Fitness. The magazine employs less than a dozen staff. Before the magazine launched, Downey predicted, "Total Gambler will bring gambling news and strategy to a mass audience in a light, 28-page entry-level magazine."

Before the magazine's launch, Charlie Methven, the former Daily Telegraph journalist who later edited The Sportsman, argued that "Dennis has enjoyed success with its existing stand-alone gambling magazine, Inside Edge, launched in April 2004, but that the new title is simply an attempt to exploit this success and get extra advertising revenues". Calling Total Gambler "Dennis's ghastly low-rent bandwagon", Methven commented, "Inside Edge is a high-quality gambling publication. This [Total Gambler] is a shitty ad-get." The magazine's first issue contained 28 pages.

References

External links
 Official website

Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Gambling magazines
Magazines established in 2005
Poker publications


Pool D of the First Round of the 2009 World Baseball Classic was held at Hiram Bithorn Stadium, San Juan, Puerto Rico from March 7 to 11, 2009.

Pool D was a modified double-elimination tournament. The winners for the first games matched up in the second game, while the losers faced each other in an elimination game. The winners of the elimination game then played the losers of the non-elimination game in another elimination game. The remaining two teams then played each other to determine seeding for the Pool 2.

Bracket

Results
All times are Atlantic Standard Time (UTC−04:00).

Netherlands 3, Dominican Republic 2

Puerto Rico 7, Panama 0

Dominican Republic 9, Panama 0

Puerto Rico 3, Netherlands 1

Netherlands 2, Dominican Republic 1

Puerto Rico 5, Netherlands 0

External links
Official website

Pool D
World Baseball Classic Pool D
21st century in San Juan, Puerto Rico
International baseball competitions hosted by Puerto Rico
World Baseball Classic Pool D
Sports in San Juan, Puerto Rico


Super Cup is the highest-budgeted football competition organized by the Bangladesh Football Federation and is one of the two club football season cups in Bangladesh, the other being Federation Cup. It started in 2009. The tournament is currently sponsored by Grameenphone.

History

The competition kicked off for the first time on Wednesday, 11 March 2009 inaugurated by Citycell's Chief Executive Officer Michel Seamour and the Federation's president Kazi Salahuddin in which Mohammedan Sporting Club became the first champion beating arch-rival Abahani Limited. The prize money for the tournament was $150,000 which is said to be a record in Asia. Mohammedan defeated the country's Premier League winners Abahani 1–0 in an exciting final attended by a crowd of 40,000 in the country's main international football venue Bangabandhu National Stadium.

The second Super Cup was on 6 August 2011 at Bangabandhu National Stadium by 2010–2011 season champion Abahani Ltd beating Mohammedan SC in a heated remeet.

The third Super Cup was held in June 2013 in which Mohammedan Sporting Club became champion for the second time by beating 2012–13 Bangladesh Football Premier League champion Sheikh Russel KC.

Winners
 2009 : Mohammedan Sporting Club
 2011 : Abahani Limited
 2013 : Mohammedan Sporting Club

Statistics by club

Sponsorship
 2009 : Citycell
 2011 & 2013 : Grameenphone

See also
 Dhaka Derby
 Football in Bangladesh
 List of Bangladeshi football champions

References

Football cup competitions in Bangladesh
Bangladesh
2009 establishments in Bangladesh
Recurring sporting events established in 2009


Precious Love may refer to:
Precious Love (Jody Watley song) a song by Jody Watley
Precious Love (The Onset song) a song by The Onset
Precious Love (Bob Welch song) a song by Bob Welch
"Precious Love", a song by Chris Tomlin from the album Always, 2022
"Precious Love", a song by Cubic U (Hikaru Utada) from the album Precious
"Precious Love", a song by Twice from the EP Page Two

See also
Your Precious Love a song by Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell


Band of Gold is the third studio album by Freda Payne. Her first for Invictus Records, it was released in 1970. The title track became an instant smash on the Pop charts in the US and the UK. Other hits included "Unhooked Generation" (released before "Band of Gold") and "Deeper and Deeper". The tenth track was written by Payne's younger sister, Scherrie Payne. Cover versions include Gary Puckett and the Union Gap's hit "This Girl Is a Woman Now" and Andy Williams' hit "Happy Heart".

The album peaked at No. 60 on the Billboard 200. "Band of Gold" reached No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart. It, and "Deeper and Deeper", have sold more than a million copies worldwide.

Critical reception
AllMusic called the album "a masterpiece of epic proportions," writing that "the overall sonic tone of Band of Gold reflects [Payne's] producers' Motown history."

Track listing

Personnel
Recorded at: Holland-Dozier-Holland Sound Studios, Inc.
L.T. Horn – recording engineer
Processed by: Syntrex
William Weatherspoon – production supervision
Bob Wortham – cover photography

Charts

Album

Singles

References

1970 albums
Freda Payne albums
Albums produced by Brian Holland
Albums produced by Lamont Dozier
Invictus Records albums
Albums produced by Eddie Holland


Greg Tufaro (born February 19, 1976), aka Astrolo-G, is an astrologer and four-time Emmy Award-winning television producer who was born in Queens, New York, USA. Greg was the astrologer on two seasons of HGTV's "What's Your Sign? Design" and now works on Good Morning America.

Tufaro graduated from Dartmouth College with a bachelor's degree in psychology and did post-graduate work at Georgetown University's Special Masters program in physiology and biophysics. He has appeared on The Tyra Banks Show, Entertainment Tonight, Rachael Ray, Glenn Beck, The Joy Behar Show, and Good Morning America  and in the daily syndicated daytime pilot for NBC, Fresh Squeezed with Hoda and Toure, in the segment “Total E-clips”. In 2009, he was featured as Dear Astrolo-G on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet and wrote a monthly astrological column on love, relationships, career and finances for Fox News’ internet magazine, iMag, and appeared on SIRIUS satellite radio.

References

Living people
American astrologers
20th-century astrologers
21st-century astrologers
1976 births


Stephane Assengue (born May 23, 1990) is a Cameroonian footballer.

Career
Assengue started his career in his native Cameroon with regional team Daga Young Stars before being signed by Major League Soccer side New England Revolution on March 26, 2009.

He made his MLS debut on May 3, 2009, coming on as a second-half substitute for Kheli Dube in a game against Houston Dynamo. He was waived at the end of the 2009 MLS season, having featured in only two games for the Revolution. In 2014, he signed with Kingston FC of the Canadian Soccer League.

References

External links
 MLS player profile

1990 births
Living people
Men's association football forwards
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Cameroonian men's footballers
Canadian Soccer League (1998–present) players
Kingston FC players
Major League Soccer players
New England Revolution players
CS Mont-Royal Outremont players


Pool 2 of the Second Round of the 2009 World Baseball Classic was held at Dolphin Stadium, Miami Gardens, Florida, United States from March 14 to 18, 2009.

Like the first round, Pool 2 was a modified double-elimination tournament. The final two teams played against each other for seeding and both advanced to the semifinals.

Bracket

Results
All times are Eastern Daylight Time (UTC−04:00).

Venezuela 3, Netherlands 1

Puerto Rico 11, United States 1

United States 9, Netherlands 3

Venezuela 2, Puerto Rico 0

United States 6, Puerto Rico 5

Venezuela 10, United States 6

External links
Official website

Pool 2
World Baseball Classic Pool 2
Baseball competitions in Florida
International baseball competitions hosted by the United States
International sports competitions in Florida
World Baseball Classic Pool 2
World Baseball Classic Pool 2


The first British newspaper titled The Sportsman began publishing from 1865, some six years after the Sporting Life. Predominantly concerned with horse racing the paper did cover other sports and continued to be published until 1924 when it was absorbed into Sporting Life.  The last edition was published on Saturday 22 November 1924.

It was at the offices of The Sportsman on 20 July 1871 that the Football Association committee meeting was held which adopted a proposal to establish a knockout competition for the FA's member clubs – the FA Cup.

References

Gambling publications
Defunct newspapers published in the United Kingdom
Newspapers established in 1865
Publications disestablished in 1924
1865 establishments in the United Kingdom
Sports newspapers published in the United Kingdom


Brian William Sinclair (born 2 August 1958) is an English former footballer who played as a forward for Bury, Blackpool, Port Vale, Winsford United, Ashton United and Kidderminster Harriers.

Career
Sinclair was signed to Bury, before making two Second Division appearances for Blackpool in the 1977–78 season. He left Bloomfield Road and joined Port Vale, initially on trial, in August 1978. He impressed enough to be offered a contract and was a regular first team player from February to April 1979, scoring two goals in 18 Fourth Division appearances in the 1978–79 season. However, he was sacked by "Valiants" manager Dennis Butler in August 1979 after failing to report to Vale Park for the 1979–80 season. He had already joined Winsford United and later played for Ashton United and Kidderminster Harriers (Southern League).

Career statistics
Source:

References

1958 births
Living people
Footballers from Liverpool
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Bury F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Winsford United F.C. players
Ashton United F.C. players
Kidderminster Harriers F.C. players
English Football League players
Southern Football League players


The Sportsman was a daily sports newspaper published in the United Kingdom for seven months during 2006.

History
It was launched on 22 March and intended to complement Dennis Publishing's gambling magazine, Total Gambler.  It was the brainchild of editor-in-chief Charlie Methven, and the UK's first new national daily newspaper since the launch of the Daily Sport in 1991. It claimed to be a one-stop shop for the modern punter, offering news, views and tips on sport, racing and anything else bookmakers give odds on.

Demise
Sales reached 22,333 in May, some way short of its target break-even figure of 40,000.  The publisher went into administration in July.  A subsequent attempt to refinance its debt failed, and the paper ceased publication on 5 October.

References

Gambling publications
Sports newspapers published in the United Kingdom
Defunct newspapers published in the United Kingdom
Newspapers established in 2006
Publications disestablished in 2006
2006 in British sport
2006 establishments in the United Kingdom


Kamal Naji () also known as Kamal Medhat (, 1951 – 23 March 2009) was the deputy representative of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) in Lebanon and a former Fatah intelligence chief in the country. He was killed by a roadside bomb while visiting a refugee camp to calm recent violence.

Early life and activities
Born in the Jabalia Camp in the Gaza Strip in 1951, Naji relocated to Lebanon when he joined Fatah at age 16. Naji was a confidant of Yasser Arafat and Khalil al-Wazir. While the PLO was based in Lebanon in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Naji served as a close aide to Arafat.

In reference to the 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict, he stated "If Yasser Arafat was alive he would have started a third intifada and managed to make the Muqata'ah the headquarters of the resistance and all kinds of envoys would be knocking on his door looking for a solution to end the fighting in Gaza." He served as deputy head of the Palestine Liberation Organisation in Lebanon.

Death
On 23 March 2009, Naji and three others were killed when a roadside bomb exploded as his convoy was passing the Kifah el Musallah security check point to Mieh Mieh camp near Sidon. There had been a family feud the previous day, in which two Fatah members were killed, and Naji was visiting to send his condolences and attempt to calm the situation. The bomb was apparently hidden in a little shed on the side of the road and was detonated when Naji's convoy passed by. His car was thrown down a hill and reduced to a charred wreck, according to reporters at the scene of the explosion. The Palestinian factions of Lebanon's 12 refugee camps met in Ain al-Hilweh to discuss the incident and aim to uncover the perpetrators of the attack. The size of the bomb was estimated at 25 kg.

Reactions
Edward Kattoura, a Fatah official in Lebanon accused Israel of assassinating Naji, stating, "According to the style of the operation it seems that Israel is behind this, because it is a very highly professional execution... We don't think the execution is related to the Palestinian problem as it is targeting the stable situation in Lebanon and in the Palestinian [refugee] camps."

Osama Hamdan, the Hamas representative of Lebanon, said Naji had played a role in helping to ease tensions among the Palestinian factions in the country. "It is not possible to speculate on who committed this crime," he told Hezbollah's al-Manar television station. The office of Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas issued a statement condemning the killing. "President Abbas condemns the terrorist crime that targeted Major-General Kamal Naji. He dedicated his life to serve his people and his cause."

Walid Jumblatt, Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) leader paid a visit to Zaki to offer condolences. "I extend my condolences to the Fatah party and the Palestinian National Authority. Fatah has always sacrificed its prominent members, for the Palestinian cause," Jumblatt told reporters afterward. Lebanese Forces leader Samir Geagea also condemned the killing saying it was a "terrorist attack" that targeted both Lebanese and Palestinian stability. Geagea called on the Palestinians to unite around their "just cause" and to stay away from conflicts that would "drain their will to persevere."

United Nations Secretary-General, Ban Ki-Moon condemned the "terrorist" attack. According to a statement from his press office, "The secretary general condemns the terrorist attack today,", adding that the UN chief hoped "the perpetrators of this crime will be brought to justice promptly." Ban added "Such actions must not be allowed to endanger the climate of calm that currently prevails in Lebanon."

References

1951 births
2009 deaths
People from Jabalia Camp
Fatah members


George M. Algoe (May 26, 1898 – June 4, 1968) was a Michigan politician.

Early life
Algoe was born on May 26, 1898.

Political life
The Flint City Commission selected him as mayor for the years 1954–1958.

Post-political life
Algoe died in 1968.

References

Mayors of Flint, Michigan
1898 births
1968 deaths
20th-century American politicians


Jacques Lewiner (born in 1943) is a French physicist and inventor. He is Professor and Honorary Scientific Director of École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), and (since 2012) dean of innovation and entrepreneurship at PSL Research University.

Jacques Lewiner has carried out basic and applied research in various domains of Physics. Following his PhD, he taught at Catholic University of America and specialized in the study of the electrical properties of solid matter. Back in France he was nominated Professor in charge of the Electromagnetism Chair at ESPCI Paris where Georges Charpak arrived in 1980. From 1987 to 2001 he was ''directeur d'études at ESPCI Paris under the direction of Pierre-Gilles de Gennes.

Lewiner's works have been devoted to electrical insulators and particularly electrets, instrumentation and sensors, for instance in medical imaging, or on the improvement of telecommunication networks.

Jacques Lewiner has filed a large number of patent applications leading to industrial development, either through licenses granted to industrial companies or through start-up companies often created with former students or researchers. He has participated in the creation of various technology oriented start up companies, for instance Inventel, specializing in Telecommunications, Finsécur which develops and markets fire detection systems, Sculpteo which is an online 3D printing platform, Roowin in the field of chemical synthesis and Cynove in embedded electronics devices. Most of these companies have experienced a strong growth. For instance Inventel, which was the French leader for multimedia gateways was bought by Thomson SA in 2005. With Jean-Louis Viovy he created Fluigent which develops fluid motion systems for micro-fluidic applications.

Jacques Lewiner is laureate of the French Academy of Sciences in 1990, Knight in the National Order of the Legion of Honor, member of the French Academy of Technologies since 2005, Honorary Fellow of the Technion, Doctor Honoris Causa from Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Doctor Honoris Causa from Technion. In 2017 he has received the Marius Lavet Special Prize.

In 1968 he married Colette de Botton (who received her doctorate in physics in 1973 and has won several awards). They have three children. In 2005 Jacques and Colette Lewiner gave a large endowment to the Technion's Institute for Theoretical Physics, and in June 2006 a naming ceremony established the Lewiner Institute for Theoretical Physics.

References

1943 births
French physicists
Living people
Academic staff of ESPCI Paris
Catholic University of America faculty
Officers of the Legion of Honour


James Gee (; born April 15, 1948) is a retired American researcher who has worked in psycholinguistics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, bilingual education, and literacy. Gee most recently held the position as the Mary Lou Fulton Presidential Professor of Literacy Studies at Arizona State University, originally appointed there in the Mary Lou Fulton Institute and Graduate School of Education. Gee has previously been a faculty affiliate of the Games, Learning, and Society group at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and is a member of the National Academy of Education.

Biography
James Paul Gee was born in San Jose, California. He received his B.A. in philosophy from the University of California at Santa Barbara and both his M.A. and Ph.D in linguistics from Stanford University. He started his career in theoretical linguistics, working in syntactic and semantic theory, and taught initially at Stanford University and later in the School of Language and Communication at Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts. After doing some research in psycholinguistics at Northeastern University in Boston and at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands, Prof. Gee's research focus switched to studies on discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, and applications of linguistics to literacy and education. He went on to teach in the School of Education at Boston University, where he was the chair of the Department of Developmental Studies and Counseling, and later in the Linguistics Department at the University of Southern California. At Boston University he established new graduate programs centered around an integrated approach to language and literacy, combining programs in reading, writing, bilingual education, ESL, and applied linguistics. From 1993 to 1997 he held the Jacob Hiatt Chair in Education in the Hiatt Center for Urban Education at Clark University in Massachusetts. From 1997 until 2007, he held the Tashia Morgridge Professor of Reading at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. In 2007, Gee relocated to Arizona State University, where he was the Mary Lou Fulton Presidential Professor of Literacy Studies in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction.

In 2019, Gee retired.

Discourse/discourse
In his work in social linguistics, Gee explored the concept of Discourse ("big D" Discourse). In Gee's work, discourse ("little d") refers to language-in-use. When discussing the combination of language with other social practices (behavior, values, ways of thinking, clothes, food, customs, perspectives) within a specific group, Gee refers to that as Discourse. Individuals may be part of many different Discourse communities, for example “when you ‘pull-off’ being a culturally specific sort of ‘everyday’ person, a ‘regular’ at the local bar...a teacher or a student of a certain sort, or any of a great many other ‘ways of being in the world’” (p. 7).

Discourse communities
Furthermore, being able to function within a Discourse may carry advantages in different situations. For example, if a person is raised in a family of lawyers, the Discourses of politics or business may come very easily to that person. In the United States, those are all Discourses of power and they are closely related. Another person raised in a very different Discourse community might find himself or herself at a disadvantage when trying to move within the Discourse of business, trying to get a loan, for instance. One Discourse community is not inherently better than another; however, power within a society may be unequally represented within different Discourses.

Situated language
In Gee's view, language is always used from a perspective and always occurs within a context. There is no 'neutral' use of language. Meaning is socially constructed within Discourse communities.

Discourse analysis
Gee's 1999 text An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method is a foundational work in the field of discourse analysis.

New literacies
According to Gee, there are at least two reasons why we should consider literacy in broader terms than the traditional conception of literacy as the ability to read and write. First, in our world today, language is by no means the only communication system available. Many types of visual images and symbols have specific significances, and so “visual literacies” and literacies of other modes, or the concept of multimodal literacy, are also included in Gee's conception of new literacies. Second, Gee proposes that reading and writing (the ‘meat’ of literacy according to the traditional notion of the term) are not such obvious ideas as they first appear. “After all,” he states, “we never just read or write; rather, we always read or write something in some way”. In other words, according to which type of text we read there are different ways in which we read depending on the “rules” of how to read such a text. Literacy to Gee, even if it is the traditional print-based literacy, should be conceived as being multiple, or comprising different literacies, since we need different types of literacies to read different kinds of texts in ways that meet our particular purposes in reading them.

Furthermore, Gee also argues that reading and writing should be viewed as more than just “mental achievements” happening inside people's minds; they should also be seen as “social and cultural practices with economic, historical, and political implications”. So, in Gee's view, literacies are not only multiple but are inherently connected to social practices. In order to expand the traditional view of literacy as print literacy, Gee recommends that we think first of literacy in terms of semiotic domains. By this, he means “any set of practices that recruits one or more modalities (e.g., oral or written language, images, equations, symbols, sounds, gestures, graphs, artifacts, etc.) to communicate distinctive types of meanings”. There is a seemingly endless and varied range of semiotic domains, including (but certainly not limited to) cellular biology, first-person-shooter video games, rap music, or modernist painting. Most pundits would describe this conception of literacies as a key element in what has come to be known as the New Literacy Studies. In short, this theoretical and methodological orientation emphasizes studying language-in-use and literacies within their contexts of social practice. It includes work by colleagues such as Brian Street, Gunther Kress, David Barton, Mary Hamilton, Courtney Cazden, Ron Scollon, and Suzie Scollon, among others.

Gee's current work in the field of new literacies has seen him shift in his research focus somewhat from studying language-in-use to examining the D/iscourses of a range of new social practices—with a particular emphasis on video games and learning. Gee applies many key concepts from his previous research to studying video games. For example, Gee continues to argue that if we take reading to mean gaining understanding (instead of simply decoding letter sounds and words), one needs to be able to recognize or produce meanings inherent to any one semiotic domain in order to be literate in that domain. As such, and as Gee sets out in his text What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy, one can be literate in the semiotic domain of video games if he or she “can recognize (the equivalent of “reading”) and/or produce (the equivalent of “writing”) meanings” in the video game domain. Therefore, because new literacies are multiple and attached to social and cultural practices, Gee explains that people need to (1) be literate in many different  semiotic domains, and (2) be able to become literate in other *new* semiotic domains throughout their lives. This theoretical orientation aligns with work in the broad field of "new literacies" research—by colleagues such as Colin Lankshear, Michele Knobel, Henry Jenkins, Kevin Leander, Rebecca Black, Kurt Squire, and Constance Steinkuehler, among others.

Games
More recently, Gee's work has focused on the learning principles in video games and how these learning principles can be applied to the K-12 classroom. Video games, when they are successful, are very good at challenging players. They motivate players to persevere and simultaneously teach players how to play. Gee began his work in video games by identifying thirty-six learning principles that are present in - but not exclusive to - the design of good video games. Gee argues for the application of these principles in the classroom. Gee's video game learning theory includes his identification of twelve basic learning principles.  He identifies these as: 1)Active Control, 2) Design Principle, 3) Semiotic Principle, 4) Semiotic Domain, 5) Meta-level Thinking, 6) Psychosocial Moratorium Principle, 7) Committed Learning Principle 8) Identity Principle, 9) Self-knowledge Principle, 10) Amplification of Input Principle, 11) Achievement Principle, 12) Practice Principle, 13) Ongoing Learning Principle, 14) Regime of Competence Principle.

Good learning principles in video games
Gee condenses and clusters these principles even more closely in an article  following the publication of his video games and learning book.   Gee believes good education involves “applying the fruitful principles of learning that good game designers have hit on, whether or not we use a game as a carrier of these principles" (p. 6).  Thus, Gee organizes the condensed list of good learning principles in three student-centered, classroom-friendly clusters: “Empowered Learners; Problem Solving; Understanding" (p. 6).

Under Empowered Learners, Gee includes the learning principles of “co-design,” “customize,” “identity,” and “manipulation and distributed knowledge.”  These principles incorporate the idea that an engaged student is active in designing and customizing their own learning experience, can learn by taking on new identities (e.g. in explore career paths or specialized skill sets in simulated roles), and feels “more expanded and empowered when they can manipulate powerful tools in intricate ways that extend their area of effectiveness" (p. 8).

The Problem Solving category includes the learning principles of “well-ordered problems,” “pleasantly frustrating,” “cycles of expertise,” “information ‘on demand’ and ‘just in time,’” “fish tanks,” “sandboxes,” and “skills as strategies.”   In these first three principles, Gee argues, the scaffolding and ordering of problems learners face is key in keeping them right at their Zone of Proximal Development in different levels of skill-building.  For each of these levels, Gee specifies key elements (present in the latter four learning principles): carefully prioritized information, relevant and applicable facts, and a set of related skills with which to construct strategies in a safe and authentic context.

In Gee's cluster of Understanding principles, he includes “system thinking,” and “meaning as action image.”  In “system thinking”, students have an overview of their learning context as a distinct system with its own naturally reinforced set of behaviors and embedded values.  Here, the meanings of words and concepts become clear – not through “lectures, talking heads, or generalities" (p. 14) – but through the experiences the players/students have (“meaning as action image”).

Gee's other principles as found on page 64 of his 2007 book, What Video Games have to Teach us about Learning and Literacy, are: "Psychosocial Moratorium" principle, Committed Learning Principle, Identity Principle, Self-Knowledge Principle, Amplification of Input Principle, and Achievement Principle. Additionally, in the book on page 68, Gee further lists the Practice Principle, Ongoing Learning Principle, and the "Regime of Competence" Principle.

Identity theory
James Gee defines identity as: “Being recognized as a certain ‘kind of person,’ in a given context...” (p.99). Gee talks of identity differences based on social and cultural views of identity and identifies four of these views, each of which are influenced by different forms of power, though they all have an effect on one another. Gee describes them as “four ways to formulate questions about how identity is functioning for a specific person (child or adult) in a given context or across a set of contexts” (p. 101).

The first of Gee's identity perspectives is what he calls “the nature perspective (or N-identities)” (p. 101). N-identity represents an identity people cannot control, one that comes from forces of nature. An example of this type of identity would be male or female. While the person has no control over the sex they were born with, this identity only means something because society and culture say this biological difference is important. Gee explains this idea further by stating, “N-identities must always gain their force as identities through the work of institutions, discourse and dialogue, or affinity groups, that is, the very forces that constitute our other perspectives on identity” (p. 102).

“[T]he institutional perspective (or I-identities)” (p. 102)  refers to identities set by authorities within an institution. An example of an I-identity is a student, whose identity is defined by the school as an institution with rules and traditions the student must follow. Gee claims these I-identities can be something imposed on a person, such as being a prisoner, or can be a calling for the person, such as being a college professor.

The third perspective Gee identifies is the “discursive perspective (or D-identities)” (p. 103). D-identity refers to an individual trait, such as caring. D-identities are a matter of social interaction that only become identities because “other people treat, talk about, and interact” with the person in ways that bring forth and reinforce the trait (p. 103). According to Gee “D-identities can be placed on a continuum in terms of how active or passive one is in ‘recruiting’ them, that is, in terms of how much such identities can be viewed as merely ascribed to a person versus an active achievement or accomplishment of that person” (p. 104).

The final identity perspective Gee identifies is the “affinity perspective (or A-identities)” (p. 105). A-identities are built by shared experiences as part of an affinity group, which according to Gee's definition is a group that share “allegiance to, access to, and participation in specific practices” (p. 105). Joining these groups must be something the person has chosen to do and feels a part of in order for the A-identity to be built. Gee explains this further by stating, “While I could force someone to engage in specific practices, I really cannot coerce anyone into seeing the particular experiences connected to those practices as constitutive (in part) of the ‘kind of person’ they are” (p. 106).

Selected works
 Gee. J. P. (1989). "Discourses, Socially-Culturally Situated Educational Theory, and the Failure Problem".
 Gee, J. P. (1990). Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses. London: Falmer Press.
 Gee, J. P. (1992). The social mind: Language, ideology, and social practice. Series in language and ideology. New York: Bergin & Garvey.
 Gee, J. P. (1999). An introduction to Discourse analysis: theory and method. London and New York: Routledge.
 Gee, J. P. (2000). Identity as an analytic lens for research in education. Review of Research in Education, 25, 99-125.
 Gee, J. P. (2003). What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
 Gee. J. P. (2004). Situated language and learning: A critique of traditional schooling. London: Routledge.
 Gee. J. P. (2008). Policy Brief: Getting Over the Slump: Innovation Strategies to Promote Children's Learning. The Joan Ganz Cooney Center
 Gee. J. P. (2005). "Learning by Design: good video games as learning machines".  E-Learning, Volume 2 (Number 1), p. 5-16
 Gee, J. P. & Elisabeth Hayes. (2011). Language and Learning in the Digital Age. London and New York: Routledge.

References

External links

 Edutopia video of Gee on Grading with Games

 James Paul Gee's Blog

Linguists from the United States
Arizona State University faculty
American educational theorists
Living people
Sociolinguists
Video game researchers
1948 births


Cartavio (variant: Santa María de Cartavio) is one of seven parishes (administrative divisions) in the Coaña municipality, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 602 (INE 2007).

References

Parishes in Coaña


A dastarkhān (Persian: دسترخوان, , ,  , , , , , ) or dastarkhwān is the name used across Central Asia, South Asia, the Caribbean, Mauritius and Fiji to refer to the traditional space where food is eaten. The term may refer to the tablecloth which is spread on the ground, floor, or table and is used as a sanitary surface for food, but it is also used more broadly to refer to the entire meal setting. The Mughal Indian cookbook Dastarkhwan-e-Awadh, which details the Awadhi cuisine of Lucknow, emphasized the importance of the dastarkhwan.

Dastarkhwan is a word of Persian origin meaning "tablecloth". It is used in many other languages of the South-Central Asian region such as Uyghur, Balochi, Bengali, Dari, Pashto, Urdu, Sindhi, Hindi, Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen, Bhojpuri and Nepali.

See also
Central Asian cuisine
South Asian cuisine
Caribbean cuisine

References

Indian cuisine
Pakistani cuisine
Bangladeshi cuisine
Nepalese cuisine
Tajik cuisine
Afghan cuisine
Kazakh cuisine
Kyrgyz cuisine
Turkmen cuisine
Uzbekistani cuisine
Indo-Caribbean cuisine
Fijian cuisine
Mauritian cuisine
Serving and dining


Spider is an illustrated literary magazine designed for children from 6 to 9 years old. Started in January 1994, the magazine is published in the United States by The Cricket Magazine Group, which is owned by the Carus Publishing Company. The headquarters of the magazine is in Chicago, Illinois.

Internet
Since June 2008, Cricket, Spider, and Ladybug magazines have had websites for their child readers and families.

Awards
The magazine was a 2007 and 2008 winner of a Gold Parents' Choice Award for excellence in children's publishing.

References

External links
Official Site
Cricket Magazine Group

1994 establishments in Illinois
Children's magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1994
Magazines published in Chicago
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Literary magazines published in the United States


Sector 9 is a skateboard manufacturer and subsidiary of Bravo Sports.  The company was started in La Jolla, California in 1993 by cofounders Steve Lake, Dave Klimkiewicz, Dennis Telfer, and Tal O'Farrell. Sector 9 is currently headquartered in San Diego, California.

Sector 9 manufactures skateboarding equipment and surf/skate lifestyle apparel. Their main focus is on hard goods, but they also offer a range of soft goods. Throughout their history, they have catered to both entry level skaters with more cruiser oriented boards, as well as high performance downhill skateboarding goods, that have been used by professional riders.

Billabong International acquired Sector 9 in 2008. On June 28, 2016, it was announced that Bravo Corp had in turn purchased the company from Billabong for $12 million.

Sector 9 sponsors numerous different athletes in skateboarding and surfing, including Joel Tudor and Levi Hawken of Nek Minnit fame.

References

External links

Sector 9 Punta Lobos Review
Sector 9 Longboards - Skateboarding.com.au
Sector 9 Longboards - experience for high quality

Manufacturing companies based in San Diego
Companies established in 1993
Sporting goods manufacturers of the United States
Skateboarding companies


Yasumi Kobayashi (小林泰三) (7 August 1962 – 23 November 2020) was a Japanese author of horror, science fiction and mystery.

Career
His short story "The Man Who Watched the Sea" won the Hayakawa Award for best short story in 1998. Two more were nominated for the Seiun Award for best short story; "Sora kara Kaze ga Yamu Toki" in 2003, and "Arakajime Kettei Sareteiru Ashita" in 2004. He received the Seiun Award for novels in 2012 for Tengoku to jigoku, and in 2017 for Ultraman F. Nihon SF Taisho Award Award of Merit was awarded posthumously.

In 2009, he was nominated as "Best Foreign Author" in the Chinese-language Galaxy Awards.

Works in English translation
"C-City" (Lairs of the Hidden Gods, Volume 3: Straight to Darkness, Kurodahan Press, 2006)
"The Man Who Watched the Sea" (Speculative Japan 2, Kurodahan Press, 2011)

References

External links

Official website
Entry in The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction

1962 births
2020 deaths
20th-century Japanese novelists
21st-century Japanese novelists
Japanese male short story writers
Japanese science fiction writers
Japanese horror writers
Japanese mystery writers
Osaka University alumni
Writers from Kyoto
20th-century Japanese short story writers
21st-century Japanese short story writers
20th-century Japanese male writers
21st-century male writers


Matahari Books is a Malaysian publishing company founded in 2007 by Amir Muhammad. It specialises in Malaysian non-fiction  and also screenplay books.  It publishes books in both English and Malay.

Titles

Non-fiction titles:
 Malaysian Politicians Say the Darndest Things (Vol 1) (2007) compiled by Amir Muhammad with illustrations by Shahril Nizam.
 New Malaysian Essays 1 (2008) edited by Amir Muhammad.
 New Malaysian Essays 2 (2009) edited by Amir Muhammad.
 New Malaysian Essays 3 (2010) edited by Yin Shao Loong
 Malaysian Politicians Say the Darndest Things (Vol 2) (2008) compiled by Amir Muhammad with artwork by Fahmi Reza
 The Malaysian Book of the Undead (2008) by Danny Lim
 Kitab Pengetahuan Hantu Malaysia (2008) by Danny Lim (translated by Ahmad Kamal Abu Bakar)
 Taxi Tales on a Crooked Bridge (2009) by Charlene Rajendran
 Yasmin Ahmad's Films (2009) by Amir Muhammad
 What Your Teacher Didn't Tell You (The Annexe Lectures, Vol 1.) (2009) by Farish A. Noor
 120 Malay Movies (2010) by Amir Muhammad.
 Islam in Malaysia: Perceptions & Facts (2010) by Mohd Asri Zainul Abidin

Mixed anthologies:
 Body 2 Body: A Malaysian Queer Anthology (2009) edited by Jerome Kugan and Pang Khee Teik
 Orang Macam Kita edited by Azwan Ismail and Diana Dirani

Screenplay books:
 KAMI the Movie (2008)
 ESTET (2009)
 Pisau Cukur (2009)

External links
 Matahari Books official site
 Matahari Books on Amazon.com.
 "Hitting the books" in The Star (Malaysia) - 8 April 2009

Notes

2007 establishments in Malaysia
Book publishing companies of Malaysia
Privately held companies of Malaysia


Coaña is one of seven parishes (administrative divisions) in the Coaña municipality, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 419 (INE 2007).

References

Parishes in Coaña


Tale of Tales BVBA is a Belgian developer of art games founded in 2003 by Auriea Harvey and Michaël Samyn, who had been working together in the creation of Web sites and electronic art as Entropy8Zuper! since 1999. In an interview by Nightmare Mode, Michael Samyn explained their motivations to create interactive art and disappointment at the lack of evolution in interaction of games.

They live close to the Saint Bavo Cathedral, which they consider one of their greatest influences. The studio is named after Giambattista Basile's book The Tale of Tales (Lo Cunto de li cunti), with their main series being retellings of fairy tales in the form of adventure games, each subtitled "a Tale of Tales" and linked together by a common character referred to as the Deaf-Mute Girl in a Pretty White Dress in the 8 Web site and as the Girl in White in The Path'''s user manual. It was hinted in an interview with ZillionMonkey that their next project, following The Path, will involve the character of Salome and be developed using the Unity authoring tool, which they had first trailed with The Graveyard as a side-project during development of The Path.

February 2010 saw the release of Vanitas, described as "a memento mori for your digital hands," their first work for the iPhone OS platform and their first with music by Zoë Keating. On 1 March 2010 it was announced that they were commencing the development of two large projects, alternating between the two of them for the next 18 months (i.e. until September 2011).

Despite a successful Kickstarter campaign, the commercial failure of their game Sunset caused Tale of Tales to announce that they would no longer pursue commercial video game projects.

As of late 2022, their intended remake of Endless Forest, powered by Unreal Engine 4, is near completion, currently in its earliest beta stage.

Projects

Main series8 (2002–2009, on hiatus), based on "Sun, Moon, and Talia" and other variants of the "Sleeping Beauty" mythThe Path (2009), based on "Little Red Riding Hood," originally titled 144Sunset (2015)
"A Day in San Bavón" (2014)

Other games
Het Min en Meer Spel (The Less and More Game, 2005), for an album by Gerry De Mol and Eva De RoovereThe Endless Forest (2005—, ongoing)The Kiss: Incorporator (2007), commissioned by the Museum of Modern Art, AntwerpThe Graveyard (2008)Fatale (2009)Vanitas (2010), commissioned for the Art History of Games symposium and exhibition by the Savannah College of Art and Design and the Georgia Institute of Technology Program in Digital MediaBientôt l'été ("Almost Summer", 2012), based on the work of Marguerite Duras and other French literatureLuxuria Superbia (2013) Game for the Android tablets, iPad, Linux, OS X, Ouya and Windows. It won the Nuovo Award at the 2014 Independent Games Festival.LOCK (2016), part of the Triennale Game CollectionScreensaversPoussière sidérale (2003), screensaver based on particle systems designed for 8Vernanimalcula, screensaver for the National Bank of Belgium

As Entropy8Zuper! (selected)Eden.Garden (2001), commissioned by the San Francisco Museum of Modern ArtWirefire (1999–2003)Al-Jahiz (2000), commissioned by Lifetime TelevisionB-O-X (2002)Sixteenpages.net (2000) (1999), first exhibited at Hell.comThe Godlove Museum'' (1999–2006)

References

External links
 Tale of Tales website
 Entropy8Zuper! website
 "The Making of Fatale", by Bruno de Figueiredo (20-12-09)

Belgian artist groups and collectives
Video game companies established in 2002
Video game development companies
Video game companies of Belgium
2002 establishments in Belgium
Companies based in East Flanders


Lieutenant colonel James Pelham (c.1683 – 27 December 1761) was a British politician. A second cousin of Henry Pelham and the Duke of Newcastle, he acted as Newcastle's political agent in Sussex for most of his political career, sitting in Parliament from 1722 to 1761 on Newcastle's interest. He served as secretary to Frederick, Prince of Wales from 1728 until the Prince's break with the Government in 1737. While he received some sinecures from Newcastle for his political services, he was put to considerable expense in doing so and did not leave a large estate.

Biography
Pelham was the second son of Sir Nicholas Pelham, of Catsfield and Crowhurst. He got a captain's commission in the 8th Dragoons in 1711 and saw military service during the War of the Spanish Succession. He was promoted captain and lieutenant colonel in the 1st Foot Guards in 1716, but subsequently took up a political career, supported by the friendship of Lord Walpole and his second cousin, the Duke of Newcastle.

Pelham served as Newcastle's agent in Hastings during the 1715 and 1722 elections. Newcastle was then Lord Chamberlain, and Pelham was appointed secretary to the Lord Chamberlain in May 1719, retaining the post until his death, although Newcastle vacated the office of Chamberlain in 1724. Newcastle had him returned for Newark in 1722, where Newcastle had a personal electoral interest as lord of the manor of Newark-on-Trent. In the 1727 election, Newcastle put Pelham up as a candidate at both Newark and Bridport, the Admiralty having an interest at the latter. Both were contested, but Pelham was returned in both places, choosing to sit for Newark, where he and Richard Sutton, standing on the Duke of Rutland's interest, had defeated the local businessman Alexander Holden and the Tory Sir Charles Sedley, 1st Baronet. At the coronation of George II in October 1727, he was chosen as one of the barons of the Cinque Ports (representing Hastings) who would bear the canopy over the King and Queen.

In 1728, Pelham entered the household of Frederick, Prince of Wales as the Prince's secretary. At the 1734 election, he and Sutton again beat Holden at Newark with an increased majority. In 1736, Pelham took delivery of an elaborate Baroque gold cup, marked with the ostrich-feather badge of the Prince, from George Wickes; the design was reproduced by John Vardy and was widely imitated. The rupture of the Prince of Wales with the Government rendered Pelham's position in the Prince's household untenable. After he sided with the Government on the subject of the Prince's allowance, he resigned his post as secretary to the Prince in late summer 1737 and was replaced by George Lyttelton.

Newcastle transferred Pelham to stand at Hastings in the 1741 election to relieve him of the election expenses at Newark. Before the election, Pelham wrote to Newcastle asking for relief, noting that he had suffered losses in buying South Sea Company stock for Newcastle, lent the Duke £2,000, and borne his own election expenses for Newark, as a result of which, his estate was mortgaged for £6,000. Newcastle replied expressing his gratitude, and patronage was eventually forthcoming: in 1749, Pelham was granted the post of Deputy Cofferer of the Household, serving under Pelham's nephew, the Earl of Lincoln. A customs post of about £700 p.a., held for him by his nephew John, and a secret service pension of about £500 p.a. helped to repair his fortunes. Pelham still felt anxious about his situation, as both the pension and his office as cofferer were liable to be terminated at a change of Government. After consulting with Newcastle's brother Henry Pelham, he wrote in 1750 asking to convert his secret service pension to one of 21 years chargeable on the Irish revenue. Though this request was refused, Newcastle was successful in mollifying him.

Pelham was a reliable government supporter during the tenure of Henry and Newcastle in power, and continued to manage Newcastle's electoral interests in Sussex, particularly in Hastings, Rye, and Seaford. He also acted as an informal whip for Newcastle's personal supporters in the House of Commons. His health began to fail around 1754, when he resigned the office of Deputy Cofferer. A complex issue of patronage had brought Newcastle into conflict with his ally, the Earl of Hardwicke, over the results of the 1754 election at Mitchell. He failed to respond to Newcastle's summons to the first vote on the petition, on 28 February 1755, which Newcastle unexpectedly lost. The affair threatened to destabilize Newcastle's governing coalition, and he wrote to Pelham again on 2 March, accusing him of personal disloyalty and threatening to turn him out of his seat, was that to prove the case. In fact, it seems to have been Pelham's health that prevented his attendance; he had sold his Sussex estate at Crowhurst a few years previously and moved closer to London to allow him to keep regular attendance in Parliament.

Pelham did not stand again at the 1761 election but retained his secretaryship to the Lord Chamberlain and his secret service pension. He died on 27 December 1761, his estate much impaired by his years of electoral service to Newcastle; Horace Walpole recorded that "Jemmy Pelham is dead and has left his servants what little his servants had left him." He never married and left no children.

References

1730s births
1761 deaths
8th King's Royal Irish Hussars officers
British MPs 1722–1727
British MPs 1727–1734
British MPs 1734–1741
British MPs 1741–1747
British MPs 1747–1754
British MPs 1754–1761
Grenadier Guards officers
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
Whig (British political party) MPs for English constituencies
James


Merry Christmas is a holiday album by German pop singer Jeanette. It was released by Universal Records on 22 November 2004 in Germany.

Track listing

Charts

References

External links
Official website

Jeanette Biedermann albums
2004 Christmas albums
Christmas albums by German artists
Pop Christmas albums


Proctor is a large crater in the Noachis quadrangle of Mars.  It measures  in diameter and was named after Richard A. Proctor, a British astronomer (1837–1888).

Dune fields
The crater contains a 35 x 65 km dark dune field. It was one of the first sand dune fields ever recognized on Mars based on Mariner 9 images. The crater's dunes are being monitored by HiRISE to identify changes over time.

See also
 List of craters on Mars: O-Z

References

External links

Noachis quadrangle
Impact craters on Mars


"The Infant Light" is a pop song performed by German singer Jeanette. The song was written by Frank Johnes and Wonderbra and produced by Johnes and Tom Remm for Jeanette's fifth album Merry Christmas (2004). It was released as a single on 6 December 2004 in Germany.

Formats and track listings
These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "The Infant Light".

CD single
(602498696620; Released  )
"The Infant Light" – 3:07
"The Infant Light" (Christmas lounge version) – 3:52
"The Infant Light" (Karaoke version) – 3:07
"O Come All Ye Faithful (Adeste Fideles)" – 2:53
"The Infant Light" music video

Digital download
(Released )
"The Infant Light" (Single version) – 3:06
"No More Tears" (Radio version) – 3:35

Charts

References

2004 singles
Jeanette Biedermann songs
2004 songs
Universal Music Group singles


"Apollo, Apollo" is the sixteenth episode of the third season of American television comedy series 30 Rock, and the 52nd episode of the series overall. It was written by executive producer Robert Carlock and directed by Millicent Shelton. The episode originally aired on NBC in the United States on March 26, 2009. Guest stars in this episode include Adam West and Dean Winters.

The episode is set on the fiftieth birthday of Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin), and much of the plot revolves around his concerns with his age and desire to reclaim the happiness of his childhood. At the same time, Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) is forced to deal with her ex-boyfriend Dennis Duffy (Winters) and his self-diagnosis as a sex addict as well as the fact that Dennis slept with her close friend Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski). A final plotline in the episode involves the desire of Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) to travel in space, and the efforts by Liz and Jack to deceive him into thinking he has done so.

"Apollo, Apollo" was generally well received by television critics. According to the Nielsen Media Research, the episode was watched by 7.2 million households during its original broadcast. "Apollo, Apollo" was nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards and won for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series. Robert Carlock won the Writers Guild of America Award for Episodic Comedy for his work on this episode.

Plot
The episode begins with an announcement by Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) on television that he plans to travel to outer space, and is willing to pay up to thirty million dollars to do so. Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) agrees to help Tracy with his dream of traveling in space, promising to call his friends at NASA. Instead of doing this, however, he asks The Girlie Show with Tracy Jordan (TGS) producer Pete Hornberger (Scott Adsit) to create a fake space experience for Tracy. Pete and the TGS crew construct a model space shuttle and place Tracy in it after disorienting him by flying him in a helicopter blindfolded. The deception is a success, and Tracy believes that he is, in fact, flying in space.

At the same time, Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) is visited by her ex-boyfriend, Dennis Duffy (Dean Winters), who informs her that he is a sex addict, now atoning for his past errors. Liz is unimpressed and asks Dennis to leave, before going to work. Later, after arriving at work, Liz answers Jenna Maroney's (Jane Krakowski) cellphone, and is surprised to find that Dennis is calling Jenna. Liz pretends to be Jenna and discovers that Jenna and Dennis slept together. Liz is determined not to let this revelation affect her friendship with Jenna, so the two go to confront Dennis about his behavior. During the confrontation, Liz discovers that Jenna and Dennis actually slept together in her bed, leading her to resent Jenna's actions. As a result, she fails to tell Jenna about an improperly attached piece of equipment, leading Jenna to injure her leg.

Meanwhile, Jack's fiftieth birthday is approaching and he has received home movies of some of his earlier birthdays from his mother, Collen Donaghy (Elaine Stritch). While watching the tapes, Jack discovers just how happy he was when he was younger, and is determined to reclaim that happiness and innocence. After examining a list he made while he was younger, he discovers that he has done all of the things but one, befriending Batman. Thus, he arranges for actor Adam West, who played Batman, to come to his birthday party. At the party, however, West calls Jack by the wrong name, leading him to realize that he is in fact unhappy, despite his accomplishments.  In an effort to reclaim his happiness, Jack attempts to find the same toy that made him so happy on his tenth birthday, a model of an Apollo Lunar Module. He buys one from a vintage toy store, but still remains unhappy.

Later, Liz apologizes to Jenna for allowing her to be injured, and agrees to let Jenna tell the TGS writing staff about her role in an advertisement for a phone sex line. The writers find the ad online, and greatly enjoy watching it. Jack comes in while the writers are watching and laughs so hard that he vomits. The laughter lifts Jack out of his bad mood, and he tells Liz what an important friend she is.

Production

"Apollo, Apollo" was written by executive producer Robert Carlock, making it his eleventh writing credit after "Jack the Writer", "Jack-Tor", "The Source Awards", "Cleveland", "Jack Gets in the Game", Episode 210, "Subway Hero", "Sandwich Day", "Believe in the Stars", and "Generalissimo". This was Millicent Shelton's first 30 Rock directed episode, and would later return to helm the fourth season episode "Floyd". Shelton had spent two years in negotiations with the show's producers before she was hired to direct this episode. "Apollo, Apollo" originally aired in the United States on March 26, 2009, on NBC as the sixteenth episode of the show's third season and the 52nd overall episode of the series.

In this episode of 30 Rock, actor Dean Winters reprised his role as Dennis Duffy, a former boyfriend of Liz Lemon, for the sixth time, having appeared in "Jack Meets Dennis", "Tracy Does Conan", "The Break-Up", "Subway Hero", and "Cooter". Actor Adam West played himself on the show, in which he introduces Jack Donaghy by the wrong name at Jack's fiftieth birthday party. Liz's phone sex line commercial, the full-length version, is featured on 30 Rock's season three DVD as part of the Bonus features.

In a scene in "Apollo, Apollo", Jack wonders what it would be like to see the world through NBC page Kenneth Parcell's (Jack McBrayer) eyes, revealing that Kenneth sees everyone as Muppets. To accommodate this, Sesame Street puppeteers Joey Mazzarino, Carmen Osbahr, and Matt Vogel were brought in to do the Muppet versions of Jack, Liz, and Tracy Jordan. This angle would later be used again in the show's fourth season episode "Dealbreakers Talk Show" in which Kenneth appears as a muppet while walking by a high-definition camera. In addition, the program was parodied by Sesame Street, in the show's 39th season, entitled "30 Rocks".

Star Wars is frequently referenced in 30 Rock, beginning with the pilot episode in 2006 where Tracy is seen shouting that he is a Jedi. Liz admits to being a huge fan of Star Wars, saying that she had watched it many times with Pete Hornberger, and dressed up as the Star Wars character Princess Leia during four recent Halloweens, and while trying to get out of jury duty in Chicago. Star Wars is also referenced when Tracy takes on the identity of the character Chewbacca. In "Apollo, Apollo", Tracy reveals to Liz and Jack that going into space has been a childhood dream of his, and that when he is there, he would like to kill the Ewok. Tina Fey, the series creator of 30 Rock, a fan of Star Wars herself, said that the weekly Star Wars joke or reference "started happening organically" when the crew realized that they had a Star Wars reference "in almost every show". Fey said that from then on "it became a thing where [they] tried to keep it going", and that even though they could not include one in every episode, they still had a "pretty high batting average". Fey attributed most of the references to Carlock, whom she described as "the resident expert".

Reception

According to the Nielsen Media Research, an average of 7.2 million viewers watched "Apollo, Apollo" during its original United States broadcast, placing it in third place for its timeslot. The show also claimed a 3.4 rating/8 share among viewers aged 18 to 49, meaning that 3.4 percent of all people in that group, and 8 percent of all people from that group watching television at the time, watched the episode. This was an increase from the previous episode, "The Bubble", which was watched by 7 million American viewers.

"Apollo, Apollo" was generally, though not universally, well received among critics. Television columnist Alan Sepinwall for The Star-Ledger wrote that the episode was "easily the best 30 Rock of the season, and one of the series' best episodes to date". He complimented Robert Carlock for "[zooming] in on the narcissistic worldview" of the Dennis character as it "cranked those qualities up to appropriately absurd 30 Rock proportions." In addition, Sepinwall wrote that all of the elements featured in the episode "all came together". Bob Sassone of AOL's TV Squad was similarly laudatory, writing that it was "one of the most explosively hysterical and imaginative half hours of TV this season, and one of this show's best episodes ever". Time contributor James Poniewozik was favorable to the episode, observing that it was "[e]asily the funniest 30 Rock in months, and probably the whole season." Poniewozik said it "nailed it, from the too-many-good-jokes ... to the sweet heart at the center of each character." The A.V. Club's Nathan Rabin enjoyed Adam West's cameo, but noted that Tracy's plot "felt awfully shticky and sitcommy to me." He opined that "Apollo, Apollo" was "pretty great" for Jane Krakowski's Jenna, and in conclusion, Rabin said "I had initially pegged this episode as good but not great and essentially minor in the grand scheme of things but while writing this post I came to realize just how much of it I loved. 30 Rock is pretty great even when it's not that great." Rick Porter, a contributor for Zap2it, said he "loved" the episode, writing that it made "perfect sense" for Kenneth to see everyone around him as muppets, and noted that Liz's commercial was a "strong ending" to the episode.

Margaret Lyons of Entertainment Weekly agreed that the episode was "another solid 30 Rock", but was somewhat less positive, writing that it "didn't quite slay me like the last few episodes have." In addition, Lyons was not thrilled with  the Jenna character, reporting "It's been a long time since we've seen Jenna do something redemptive – and I'd settle for anything not strenuously vacant and narcissistic. I get that that's her bit, but ... that note is starting to drive me crazy." IGN contributor Robert Canning also delivered a mixed review of the episode, writing that he laughed "quite a bit" but said it ultimately "felt like it could have been so much more." Canning also concluded his review by stating that it "fell shy of being an absolute classic." Writing for The Palm Beach Post Kevin D. Thompson said "While last night's episode was far from unwatchable, it wasn't one of the show's best, either. But as I've written before, a so-so 30 Rock is still better than 99 percent of TV's other so-called comedies." Thompson noted that he was not thrilled with the return of Dean Winters as Dennis, and called his plot with Liz and Jenna "the show's least interesting plot".

Accolades
"Apollo, Apollo" received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations, winning one; Millicent Shelton received a nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series, Robert Carlock received a nomination for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series, Matthew Clark received a nomination for Outstanding Cinematography for a Half-Hour Series nomination, and Ken Eluto won for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards.

At the February 2010 ceremony for the Writers Guild of America Awards, Carlock won for Episodic Comedy, tieing with Modern Family's Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd for their work on the pilot episode. Eluto garnered the American Cinema Editors "Eddie" Award for Best Edited Half-Hour Series for Television. In addition, "Apollo, Apollo" was nominated for the ADG Excellence in Production Design Award for Half Hour Single-Camera Television Series.

References

External links

2009 American television episodes
30 Rock (season 3) episodes


William Harris is a New York City, United States, based television executive currently serving as Senior Vice-President of Production and Broadcast Operations for the A&E Television Networks, which includes cable services A&E, The History Channel, The Biography Channel, Crime and Investigation, History en Espanol, The Military History Channel and History International.

Harris, a primary agent in the growth and development of the channel's Biography series, has received a number of awards for his documentary work.

Footnotes

References
 GPFO presents Connecting the Docs with Bill Harris. Greater Philadelphia Film Office. Accessed 2011-01-17.
 A&E Television Networks. American Executive Magazine. Accessed 2011-01-17.

American television executives
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


Folgueras is one of seven parishes (administrative divisions) in the Coaña municipality, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 803 (INE 2007).

Villages
 Abranedo (Eonavian: Abredo)
 Ansilán (Anxilán)
 Barqueros (Barqueiros)
 El Espín (L'Espín)
 Folgueras (Folgueiras)
 Jarrio (Xarrio)
 La Esfreita (A Esfreita)
 Meiro
 Torce

References

Parishes in Coaña


John Washington (c. 1631–1677) was an English-American politician and great-grandfather of George Washington.

John or Johnny Washington may also refer to:

Sports

American football
John Washington (American football) (born 1963), American football defensive tackle
John Washington or John Jefferson (born 1956), American football wide receiver
John David Washington (born 1984), American actor and former football player

Baseball
Johnny Washington (first baseman) (1916–1984), American baseball player
Johnny Washington (pitcher) (born 1930), American baseball player
Johnny Washington (baseball coach) (born 1984), American baseball coach

Other
John Washington (Royal Navy officer) (1800–1863), British admiral and hydrographer
John Augustine Washington (1736–1787), American politician and brother of George Washington
John David Washington (born 1984), American actor and former football player
John M. Washington (died 1853), U.S. artillery officer and military governor of New Mexico
John M. Washington (slave) (1838–1918), American slave and memoirist
John P. Washington (1908–1943), Roman Catholic priest, chaplain and U.S. Army officer
John Thornton Augustine Washington (1783–1841), American politician and great-nephew of George Washington


Andreas Strobel (born 13 May 1972) is a German ski mountaineer and marathon mountain biker.

Strobel was born in Selb, and started bike sports as condition training in 1991. After bad results at the "Ronda Extrema" race in Riva del Garda in 1997, he intensified the training. He is also member of the national ski mountaineering team.

Selected results

Ski mountaineering
 2006:
 4th, German Championship single
 2005:
 2nd, German Championship vertical race
 2007:
 2nd, Dammkarwurm race
 2008:
 1st, German Championship vertical race
 3rd, German Championship single
 3rd, German Championship team
 6th, World Championship relay race (together with Toni Steurer, Stefan Klinger and Konrad Lex)
 2009:
 2nd, German Championship vertical race
 9th, European Championship relay race (together with Toni Steurer, Konrad Lex and Alexander Schuster)
 2010:
 9th, World Championship relay race (together with Martin Echtler, Konrad Lex and Alexander Schuster)

Mountain biking
 2003:
 1st, Transrockies race
 3rd, Transalpchallenge
 2004:
 1st, Bavarian Championship
 1st, MV-Marathon serie
 2nd, Cape Epic race
 3rd, German Championship of bike marathon
 2005:
 1st, Transcreta race
 2006:
 1st, Bavarian Championship
 1st, Ritchey MTB Challenge

References

External links
 Andreas Strobel at skimountaineering.com
 Videointerview (German), Dammkarwurm 2007

1972 births
Living people
German male ski mountaineers
German male cyclists
People from Wunsiedel (district)
Sportspeople from Upper Franconia
Skiers from Bavaria
Marathon mountain bikers
Cape Epic cyclists
German mountain bikers
Cyclists from Bavaria


Holy Spirit Catholic High School is a private, Roman Catholic K-12 school in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.  It is located within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Birmingham in Alabama.

Background
The school was dedicated in 1963; predecessor schools date back to 1863.  The high school division was added in 1995 and the first class graduated in 1999.

Sexual Misconduct Allegations

2009 Criminal Investigation
In November 2009, Tuscaloosa police arrested Holy Spirit's assistant football coach, Chip Ervin, for sexual misconduct with a 17-year-old student of the school and for the distribution of drugs to a minor. The investigation, led by Sgt. Michael Caisson of the juvenile division, focused on crimes that Ervin committed during the fall semester of 2008.

Ervin pleaded guilty to the charges.

Sr. Elaine Sebera, a member of the Sisters of Mercy and school principal at the time of the investigation, directed reporters' questions to diocesan officials who also declined to comment.

2018 Diocesan Review
Bishop Robert Baker, about a year before his canonically required retirement, published a list of all priests the church deemed credibly accused of sexual misconduct in the Diocese of Birmingham.

Accused Priests

 Charles Cross
 John "Jack Ventura
 Formerly served in the Diocese of Paterson, New Jersey. See priest shuffling and incardination.
 Charles Bordenca
 Kevin Cooke
 Roger Lott
 Jonathan "John" Franklin

The Holy Spirit website does not provide a list of former priests who have served the school. However, there are no known claims against priests of that parish.

Athletics
Holy Spirit offers volleyball,football, cross country, basketball, softball, baseball, track, cheerleading, bowling, golf, and tennis.

Football Cancellation
Holy Spirit suspended its varsity football program in 2019 citing low student interest and a lack of funding. According to AHSAA rules, the athletic program will not be allowed to have a varsity team until the 2022 school year.

Football Reinstatement
As of 2022 Holy Spirit has reinstated their varsity football team.

References

External links
 School Website

High schools in Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Private K-12 schools in Alabama
Catholic elementary schools in the United States
Catholic secondary schools in Alabama
Educational institutions established in 1963
1963 establishments in Alabama
Roman Catholic Diocese of Birmingham in Alabama