BIRCH (balanced iterative reducing and clustering using hierarchies) is an unsupervised data mining algorithm used to perform hierarchical clustering over particularly large data-sets. With modifications it can also be used to accelerate k-means clustering and Gaussian mixture modeling with the expectation–maximization algorithm. An advantage of BIRCH is its ability to incrementally and dynamically cluster incoming, multi-dimensional metric data points in an attempt to produce the best quality clustering for a given set of resources (memory and time constraints). In most cases, BIRCH only requires a single scan of the database.

Its inventors claim BIRCH to be the "first clustering algorithm proposed in the database area to handle 'noise' (data points that are not part of the underlying pattern) effectively", beating DBSCAN by two months. The BIRCH algorithm received the SIGMOD 10 year test of time award in 2006.

Problem with previous methods
Previous clustering algorithms performed less effectively over very large databases and did not adequately consider the case wherein a data-set was too large to fit in main memory. As a result, there was a lot of overhead maintaining high clustering quality while minimizing the cost of additional IO (input/output) operations. Furthermore, most of BIRCH's predecessors inspect all data points (or all currently existing clusters) equally for each 'clustering decision' and do not perform heuristic weighting based on the distance between these data points.

Advantages with BIRCH
It is local in that each clustering decision is made without scanning all data points and currently existing clusters.
It exploits the observation that the data space is not usually uniformly occupied and not every data point is equally important.
It makes full use of available memory to derive the finest possible sub-clusters while minimizing I/O costs.
It is also an incremental method that does not require the whole data set in advance.

Algorithm

The BIRCH algorithm takes as input a set of  data points, represented as real-valued vectors, and a desired number of clusters . It operates in four phases, the second of which is optional.

The first phase builds a clustering feature () tree out of the data points, a height-balanced tree data structure, defined as follows:

 Given a set of N d-dimensional data points, the clustering feature  of the set is defined as the triple , where
  is the linear sum.
  is the square sum of data points.
 Clustering features are organized in a CF tree, a height-balanced tree with two parameters: branching factor  and threshold . Each non-leaf node contains at most  entries of the form , where  is a pointer to its th child node and  the clustering feature representing the associated subcluster. A leaf node contains at most  entries each of the form  . It also has two pointers prev and next which are used to chain all leaf nodes together. The tree size depends on the parameter . A node is required to fit in a page of size .  and  are determined by . So  can be varied for performance tuning. It is a very compact representation of the dataset because each entry in a leaf node is not a single data point but a subcluster.

In the second step, the algorithm scans all the leaf entries in the initial  tree to rebuild a smaller  tree, while removing outliers and grouping crowded subclusters into larger ones. This step is marked optional in the original presentation of BIRCH.

In step three an existing clustering algorithm is used to cluster all leaf entries. Here an agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm is applied directly to the subclusters represented by their  vectors. It also provides the flexibility of allowing the user to specify either the desired number of clusters or the desired diameter threshold for clusters. After this step a set of clusters is obtained that captures major distribution pattern in the data. However, there might exist minor and localized inaccuracies which can be handled by an optional step 4. In step 4 the centroids of the clusters produced in step 3 are used as seeds and redistribute the data points to its closest seeds to obtain a new set of clusters. Step 4 also provides us with an option of discarding outliers. That is a point which is too far from its closest seed can be treated as an outlier.

Calculations with the clustering features

Given only the clustering feature , the same measures can be calculated without the knowledge of the underlying actual values.

 Centroid:
 Radius:
 Average Linkage Distance between clusters  and :

In multidimensional cases the square root should be replaced with a suitable norm.

BIRCH uses the distances DO to D3 to find the nearest leaf, then the radius R or the diameter D to decide whether to absorb the data into the existing leaf or whether to add a new leaf.

Numerical issues in BIRCH clustering features
Unfortunately, there are numerical issues associated with the use of the term  in BIRCH. When subtracting  or similar in the other distances such as , catastrophic cancellation can occur and yield a poor precision, and which can in some cases even cause the result to be negative (and the square root then become undefined). This can be resolved by using BETULA cluster features  instead, which store the count , mean , and sum of squared deviations instead based on numerically more reliable online algorithms to calculate variance. For these features, a similar additivity theorem holds. When storing a vector respectively a matrix for the squared deviations, the resulting BIRCH CF-tree can also be used to accelerate Gaussian Mixture Modeling with the expectation–maximization algorithm, besides k-means clustering and hierarchical agglomerative clustering.

Instead of storing the linear sum and the sum of squares, we can instead store the mean and the squared deviation from the mean in each cluster feature , where
  is the node weight (number of points)
  is the node center vector (arithmetic mean, centroid)
  is the sum of squared deviations from the mean (either a vector, or a sum to conserve memory, depending on the application)
The main difference here is that S is computed relative to the center, instead of relative to the origin.

A single point  can be cast into a cluster feature . In order to combine two cluster features , we use

  (incremental update of the mean)
  in vector form using the element-wise product, respectively
  to update a scalar sum of squared deviations
These computations use numerically more reliable computations (c.f. online computation of the variance) that avoid the subtraction of two similar squared values. The centroid is simply the node center vector , and can directly be used for distance computations using, e.g., the Euclidean or Manhattan distances. The radius simplifies to  and the diameter to .

We can now compute the different distances D0 to D4 used in the BIRCH algorithm as:

 Euclidean distance  and Manhattan distance  are computed using the CF centers
 Inter-cluster distance
 Intra-cluster distance
 Variance-increase distance

These distances can also be used to initialize the distance matrix for hierarchical clustering, depending on the chosen linkage. For accurate hierarchical clustering and k-means clustering, we also need to use the node weight .

Clustering Step
The CF-tree provides a compressed summary of the data set, but the leaves themselves only provide a very poor data clustering.
In a second step, the leaves can be clustered using, e.g.,

 k-means clustering, where leaves are weighted by the numbers of points, N.
 k-means++, by sampling cluster features proportional to  where the  are the previously chosen centers, and  is the BETULA cluster feature.
 Gaussian mixture modeling, where also the variance S can be taken into account, and if the leaves store covariances, also the covariances.
 Hierarchical agglomerative clustering, where the linkage can be initialized using the following equivalence of linkages to BIRCH distances:

Availability
 ELKI contains BIRCH and BETULA.
 scikit-learn contains a limited version of BIRCH, which only supports D0 distance, static thresholds, and which uses only the centroids of the leaves in the clustering step.

References

Cluster analysis algorithms


Zallascht Sadat (; born 12 April 1986) is an Afghan-German model who has won several pageants in recent years. Her most recent win was the Miss Globe 2012 title.

Biography
Zallascht Sadat studied business administration in Frankfurt, Germany at the Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences. She created her own non-profit organization the Zallascht Sadat Afghanistan Foundation to support women and children in Afghanistan. Zallascht lives between Germany and Qatar.

Pageants
Sadat entered and won her first pageant at the Miss Afghanistan 2008–2009 pageant. The pageant was held in Hamburg, Germany due to the volatile situation in Afghanistan at that time. She is the first officially elected Miss Afghanistan since Zohra Yousuf Daoud was elected Miss Afghanistan in 1972. In 2010 she won the Miss Hessen 2010 and Miss Süddeutschland 2010 pageants which led to her entry to the Miss Deutschland 2010 pageant which she subsequently won. She was crowned Miss Deutschland 2010. She kept the Miss Deutschland title the following year since pageant was not held in 2011. In 2012 Zallascht entered the Miss Globe contest held by the World Beauty Organization and won that pageant. She was crowned Miss Globe 2012.

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Afghan beauty pageant winners
Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences alumni
People from Kabul
Afghan female models
German beauty pageant winners
German female models
Afghan emigrants to Germany
Pashtun people
20th-century Afghan women
21st-century Afghan women


Ellen E. Blom (born 30 November 1979) is a Norwegian ski mountaineer.

Blom was born in Bodø. She lives in Oslo, and works at the Norwegian Directorate for Health and Social Affairs.

Selected results
 2007:
 5th, European Championship relay race (together with Lene Pedersen and Bodil Ryste)
 7th, European Championship team race (together with Lene Pedersen)
 2008:
 4th, World Championship relay race (together with Lene Pedersen, Bodil Ryste and Marit Tveite Bystøl)

External links
 Ellen Blom at Skimountaineering.org

References

1979 births
Living people
Norwegian female ski mountaineers
Sportspeople from Bodø


Bridgetown Heliport,  is found in the city of Bridgetown, Saint Michael on the island of Barbados. The heliport is situated on the shores of Carlisle Bay roughly  from Sir Grantley Adams International Airport in neighbouring Christ Church.

The heliport was formerly managed by Bajan Helicopters Ltd. Its customers and utilisations included: Government departments, oil companies, shipping lines, cruise lines, public utility companies and emergency Medical evacuations.

Occasionally Bajan Helicopters operated chartered flights to other various destinations covering South America and the Eastern Caribbean. Typically these flights were to the islands of Antigua, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, Sint Maarten, and Saint Vincent.

Upscale holidaying clientele in Barbados had also come to rely on Bajan Helicopters to take them to the heliport at the Port Saint Charles marina, The Sandy Lane Hotel, and the Royal Westmoreland Resort upon arrival at the Grantley Adams International Airport.

See also

List of airports in Barbados

External links
Barbados Civil Aviation Department
Caribbean Aviation News
Immigration Policies and Procedures of Barbados

Defunct airports in the Caribbean
Heliports in Barbados
Saint Michael, Barbados


The Women's omnium at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships was first contested in 2009 in Poland.

The format of the multi-race endurance event ("Omnium" coming from the Latin Omnia, for all) has evolved rapidly since its introduction in 2009. In its first iteration, the competition consisted of 5 events over a single day; a 'flying lap', a time trial over 200 metres with a rolling start, a scratch race, an individual pursuit time trial, a points race, and a 500 metre time trial. Riders were awarded points to match their placing in each event (1 for 1st, 2 for 2nd, etc) and the lowest cumulative score won the competition, with tie-breaks broken by cumulative times in the timed elements of the race.

In 2011, the competition was extended to six events: a 250m flying start time trial; a 5 km scratch race; an elimination race or 'Devil'; an individual pursuit; a 10 km points race; and a 500m time trial. Again, the placing a rider achieved in each event is converted to points, and the rider with the fewest points at the end of the competition won.

In 2015 the order and scoring of the events changed. The points race was moved to the finale event, and the five earlier events allowed riders to win points (with a maximum of 40 for 1st place) to carry into the final points race, whereupon points won in that race were simply added to the total, with the highest scoring rider (carried points included) at the end of that race declared the winner of the event.

In 2017 the first major change of events since 2011 took place, as the three timed elements were removed entirely, and a new fourth event the tempo race introduced. The format of carrying points over from the first three events into the final points race was maintained.

Six cyclists have won the title more than once, taking two gold medals each: Laura Trott and Katie Archibald, both of Great Britain, Tara Whitten of Canada,  Sarah Hammer and Jennifer Valente of the United States,  Kirsten Wild of the Netherlands in 2012 & 2016, 2017 & 2021, 2010 & 2011, 2013 & 2014, 2022 & 2023, and 2018 & 2019 respectively. Trott's three silver medals to Wild's one silver and two bronze medals makes Laura Trott, now Laura Kenny, marginally the most successful athlete overall in the history of the event. Along with Katie Archibald's 2017 and 2021 gold medals and Lizzie Armistead's silver, it also makes Great Britain the most successful nation in the event.

Medalists

Medal table

External links
Track Cycling World Championships 2016–1893 bikecult.com
World Championship, Track, Omnium, Elite cyclingarchives.com

Women's omnium
Lists of UCI Track Cycling World Championships medalists


Hovdenak is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hilde Hovdenak (born 1971), Norwegian long-distance runner
Nils Olaf Hovdenak (1854–1942), Norwegian politician
Olaf Hovdenak (1891–1929), Norwegian long-distance runner
Odd Hovdenak (1917–1982), Norwegian civil servant

Norwegian-language surnames


Lene Pedersen (born 28 April 1977) is a Norwegian ski mountaineer.

Pedersen was born in Bodø. She started ski mountaineering in 2006 and competed first in the same year. She lives in Elverum.

Selected results
 2005:
 1st, Norwegian Championship
 1st, Norwegian Cup
 2007:
 5th, European Championship relay race (together with Ellen Blom and Bodil Ryste)
 7th, European Championship team race (together with Ellen Blom)
 2008:
 4th, World Championship relay race (together with Ellen Blom, Bodil Ryste and Marit Tveite Bystøl)
 7th, World Championship combination ranking
 8th, World Championship team race (together with Marit Tveite Bystøl)

External links
 Lene Pedersen at Skimountaineering.org

1977 births
Living people
Norwegian female ski mountaineers
Sportspeople from Bodø
People from Elverum


4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4-MePPP, MPPP or MαPPP) is a stimulant drug and substituted cathinone. It is structurally very similar to α-PPP, with only one added methyl group in the para position on the phenyl ring. 4-MePPP was sold in Germany as a designer drug in the late 1990s and early 2000s, along with a number of other pyrrolidinophenone derivatives. Although it has never achieved the same international popularity as its better-known relations α-PPP and MDPV, 4-MePPP is still sometimes found as an ingredient of grey-market "bath salt" blends such as "NRG-3".

Legality
In the United States 4-MePPP is considered a schedule 1 controlled substance as an positional isomer of alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP)

See also
 α-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP)
 4'-Methoxy-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MOPPP)
 3,4-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MDPPP)
 3',4'-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (MDPBP)

References

Designer drugs
Pyrrolidinophenones
Stimulants


Bajan Helicopters Limited was a Bridgetown-based, Barbadian aviation company which was founded in 1989 and ceased trading in April 2009.

The company provided a number of helicopter supported services, such as Offshore/Maritime support, surveying, shipping services, aerial filming/photography, and aerial island tours, and managed the Bridgetown Heliport (ICAO): TBPO), situated in the Islands' capital. It transported such high-profile members as the British Royal Family around the Caribbean region and was affiliated with the Helicopter Association International.

See also
List of Barbadian companies

Notes

External links
Fun Barbados: Bajan Helicopters

Defunct helicopter airlines
Defunct airlines of Barbados
Aviation companies based in Barbados
Airlines established in 1989
Companies based in Bridgetown
1989 establishments in Barbados
2009 disestablishments in Barbados


Brian Alderson (5 May 1950 – 23 April 1997) was a Scottish footballer. He predominantly played as a winger, but was also able to play as a striker.

Alderson, who was born in Dundee, began his career with local youth side Lochee Harp before becoming a professional with Coventry City. He made his league debut against Chelsea on . Alderson spent five years at Highfield Road, twice finishing as Coventry's top goalscorer, before moving to Leicester City in mid-1975. He spent three years with Leicester, although he was no longer a regular during his final season, 1977–78, owing to injury.

In 1978 Noel Cantwell, who had managed Alderson during his spell at Coventry, invited him to play for the newly formed New England Tea Men of the North American Soccer League. Alderson spent two years at the club before concluding his outdoor career with a two-year spell at the Atlanta Chiefs. He ended his career playing indoor football for the New Jersey Rockets.

References

External links

Alderson's North American statistics at nasljerseys.com

1950 births
1997 deaths
Atlanta Chiefs players
Coventry City F.C. players
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Men's association football forwards
Men's association football wingers
Lochee Harp F.C. players
Leicester City F.C. players
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) indoor players
New England Tea Men players
New Jersey Rockets (MISL) players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Footballers from Dundee
Scottish expatriate men's footballers
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Scottish men's footballers
Scotland men's under-23 international footballers


4'-Methoxy-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MOPPP) is a stimulant designer drug of the pyrrolidinophenone class.  It has the potential to produce euphoria, an effect shared with other classical stimulants.

Recreational use

MOPPP use is infrequent when compared to other amphetamines or stimulants used recreationally, such as meth, cocaine, or speed. It first arose as a designer drug in Germany in the late 1990s and early 2000s, along with a number of other derivatives but never gained the international popularity that other drugs in its family of pyrrolidinophenone derivatives had (such as α-PPP and MDPV).

While the recent trend of selling stimulants through false labeling (i.e., bath salts) has gained notoriety, using MDPV as its main ingredient, this has not been the case with MOPPP, despite its similar potential for abuse.

Chemistry

MOPPP is structurally related to α-PPP in the same way that PMA is related to amphetamine: a methoxy group has been added to the 4-position on the phenyl ring.

Metabolism

MOPPP appears to be metabolized within the liver chiefly by the enzyme CYP2D6.

See also
 α-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP)
 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MPPP)
 3,4-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MDPPP)
 3',4'-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (MDPBP)
 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or Ecstasy, Molly
 Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TMPPP)

References

Designer drugs
Stimulants
Pyrrolidinophenones
Phenol ethers


The first USS Dauntless (SP-1002) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919.

Dauntless was built as a private motorboat of the same name around 1917 by W. Frank Harrison at Essex, Connecticut. On 11 September 1917, the U.S. Navy – whose inspectors had described Dauntless as a "new well built vessel ... suitable for gov't use as scout patrol in conn. with aeroplane work" – leased her from her owner, R. T. H. Barnes of Roxidge Avon, Connecticut, for use as a section patrol boat during World War I. She was commissioned as USS Dauntless (SP-1002) on 1 October 1917.

Assigned to the 2nd Naval District in southern New England, Dauntless served on patrol duties for the rest of World War I and into the early months of 1919.

The Navy returned Dauntless to Barnes on 17 May 1919.

Notes

References

 Department of the Navy Naval History and Heritage Command Online Library of Selected Images: Civilian Ships: Dauntless (American Motor Boat, circa 1917). Served as Dauntless (SP-1002) in 1917–1919.
 NavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive Dauntless(SP 1002)

Patrol vessels of the United States Navy
World War I patrol vessels of the United States
Ships built in Connecticut
1917 ships


Byzantine attempt to re-capture Egypt
With the death of Umar and the disposal of 'Amr ibn al-'As from the governorship of Egypt, the Byzantines seized Alexandria, thinking it to be the right time to take action. Uthman again sent 'Amr ibn al-'As to defend Egypt and made him governor and commander-in-chief of Egypt. Amr defeated the Byzantine forces in the Battle of Nikiou, a few hundred miles from Fustat. After the defeat of the Byzantine army at Naqyus the Rashidun army laid siege to Alexandria, which fell when a Copt opened the gates of city one night, in return for amnesty.

After re-conquering Alexandria, 'Amr ibn al-'As ordered the demolition of the walls of the city to obstruct any future invasion by Byzantine forces. Amr was again dismissed from his post due to his loose financial administration

Conquest of North Africa
After the withdrawal of the Byzantines from Egypt, North Africa which was Byzantine Exarchate of Africa had declared its independence under its king, Gregory the Patrician. The dominions of Gregory extended from the borders of Egypt to Morocco. Abdullah ibn Saad would send raiding parties to the west and as a result of these raids the Muslims got considerable treasure. The success of these raids made Abdullah ibn Saad feel that a regular campaign should be undertaken for the conquest of North Africa.

Uthman gave him permission after considering it in Majlis al Shura and a force of 10,000 soldiers was sent as reinforcements. The army assembled at Barqah in Cyrenaica, and in 647 from there they marched west to capture Tripoli, after Tripoli they marched to Sbeitla, the capital of King Gregory. Gregory was defeated and killed in the battle due to the tactics used by Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr. After the battle of Sufetula the people of North Africa sued for peace and they agreed to pay an annual tribute. The Arabs had sacked Sufetula and raided across the Exarchate, while the Byzantines withdrew to their fortresses. Unable to storm the Byzantine fortifications, and satisfied with the huge amounts of plunder they had made, the Arabs agreed to depart in exchange for the payment of a heavy tribute in gold. Instead of annexing North Africa, the Muslims preferred to make it a vassal state and when the stipulated amount of the tribute was paid, the army withdrew to Barqah.

First Muslim invasion of Iberian Peninsula (Spain)
According to many books of Islamic history, the conquest of the Spanish section of the Iberian Peninsula is attributed to Tariq ibn-Ziyad and Musa bin Nusair in 711 - 712, in the time of the Umayyad Caliph, al-Walid I (Walid ibn Abd al-Malik). However, according to Muslim historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Spain was first invaded some sixty years earlier during the caliphate of Uthman. Other prominent Muslim historians like, Ibn Kathir, have also quoted the same narration.

According to the account of al-Tabari, when North Africa had been duly conquered by Abdullah ibn Saad, two of his generals, Abdullah ibn Nafi ibn Husain, and Abdullah ibn Nafi' ibn Abdul Qais, were commissioned to invade the coastal areas of Spain by sea. On this occasion Uthman is reported to have addressed a letter to the invading force. In the course of the letter, Uthman said:

No details of the campaigns in Spain during the caliphate of Uthman are given by Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari or by any other historian. The account of al-Tabari is merely to the effect, that an Arab force aided by a Berber force landed in Spain, and succeeded in conquering the coastal areas of Al-Andalus. We do not know where the Muslim force landed, what resistance they met, and what parts of Spain they actually conquered. Anyhow, it is clear that the Muslims did conquer some parts of Spain during the caliphate of Uthman. Presumably the Muslims established some colonies on the coast of Spain. There are reasons to presume that these Muslims entered into trade relations with the rest of Spain and other parts of Europe. The areas were lost shortly after because of the general disorder in the empire.

Campaign against Nubia (Sudan)
A successful campaign was undertaken against Nubia during the Caliphate of Umar in 642. The king Kalidurat of Nubia had to submit, and agreed to provide 442 slaves every year to Muslim authorities in Cairo.

Ten years later in 652, Uthman's governor of Egypt, Abdullah ibn Saad, sent another army to Nubia. This army penetrated deeper into Nubia and laid siege to the Nubian capital of Dongola. The Muslims demolished the cathedral in the center of the city. The battle was once again inconclusive, because of the Nubian archers who let loose a shower of arrows aimed at the eyes of the Muslim warriors. As the Muslims were not able to overpower the Nubians, they accepted the offer of peace from the Nubian king. According to the treaty that was signed, each side agreed not to make any aggressive moves against the other. Each side agreed to afford free passage to the other party through its territories. Nubia agreed to provide 360 slaves to Egypt every year.

Conquest of the islands of Mediterranean Sea

During Umar's reign, the governor of Syria, Muawiyah I, sent a request to build a naval force to invade the islands in the Mediterranean Sea but Umar rejected the proposal because of risk of death of soldiers at sea. During his reign Uthman gave Muawiyah permission to build a navy after concerning the matter closely. The Muslim force landed on Cyprus in 649. There was only a small Byzantine garrison on the island, which was overpowered without any difficulty. The islanders submitted to the Muslims, and agreed to pay a tribute of 7,000 dinars per year. The conquest of Cyprus was the first naval conquest of the Muslims. After Cyprus, the Muslim naval fleet headed towards the island of Crete and then Rhodes and conquered them without much resistance. In 652–654, the Muslims launched a naval campaign against Sicily and they succeeded in capturing a large part of the island. Soon after this Uthman was murdered, no further expansion was made, and the Muslims accordingly retreated from Sicily. In 655 Byzantine emperor Constans II led a fleet in person to attack the Muslims at Phoinike (off Lycia) but it was defeated: 500 Byzantine ships were destroyed in the battle, and the emperor himself risked being killed.

Byzantine attempt to re-conquer Syria
After the death of Umar, the Byzantine emperor, Constantine III, decided to re-capture the Levant, which had been lost to the Muslims during Umar's reign. A full-scale invasion was planned and a force of 80,000 soldiers was sent to re-conquer Syria. Muawiyah, the governor of Syria, called for reinforcements and Uthman ordered the governor of Kufa to send a contingent, which together with the Syrians defeated the Byzantine army.

Occupation of Anatolia
The Byzantine forts in the region of Tarsus were conquered during Umar's reign, soon after the Conquest of Antioch, by Khalid ibn al-Walid and Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah. During Uthman's reign the region was recaptured by Byzantine forces and a series of campaigns were launched to regain control of the region. In 647 Muawiyah the governor of Syria sent an expedition against the Anatolia, they entered in Cappadocia, and sacked Caesarea Mazaca. In 648 the Rashidun army raided into Phrygia. A major offensive into Cilicia and Isauria in 650–651 forced the Byzantine emperor Constans II to enter into negotiations with Caliph Uthman's governor of Syria, Muawiyah. The truce that followed allowed a short respite, and made it possible for Constans II to hold on to the western portions of Armenia. In 654–655 on the orders of Caliph Uthman, an expedition was preparing to attack the Byzantine capital Constantinople but did not carry out the plan due to the civil war that broke out in 656.
The Taurus Mountains in Turkey marked the westernmost frontiers of Rashidun Caliphate in Anatolia during Caliph Uthman's reign.

Re-conquest of Fars (Iran)
The province of Fars in Persia was conquered by the Muslims during the Caliphate of Umar. In Uthman's reign, like other provinces of Persia, Fars also broke into revolt. Uthman directed Abdullah ibn Aamir, the Governor of Basra, to take immediate steps to retrieve the situation. Accordingly, he marched with a large force to Persepolis; the city surrendered and agreed to pay tribute. From here the army marched to Al j bard, where, after a brief resistance, the Muslims captured the city, and the citizens agreed to pay tribute. Thereafter the Muslim force advanced to Jor. The Persians gave battle but they were defeated and the city was captured by the Muslims. Peace was made with the usual terms, the payment of Jizya. While the army was still in Jor, Persepolis again broke into revolt; Abdullah ibn Aamir then took his forces to Persepolis and laid siege to the city. After a violent battle the Muslims were able to regain control of the city once again. All of the leaders among the Persians who were involved in instigating the revolt were hunted down and executed. With the fall of Persepolis, other cities in Fars also submitted unconditionally. Thus the Muslims once again became the masters of Fars. Uthman's appointed governor of Fars, after analyzing the situation, sent Islamic missionaries to various cities of the region to convert the people to Islam to avert future revolts. A large number of people embraced Islam.

Re-conquest of Sistan (Iran and Afghanistan)

In the 7th century, the Persian Empire's province of Sistan extended from the modern day Iranian province of Sistan to central Afghanistan and the Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Sistan was captured during the reign of Umar, and like other provinces of the Persian Empire, it also broke into revolt during Uthmans reign in 649. Uthman directed the governor of Bosra, Abdullah ibn Aamir to re-conquer the Persian province of Sistan. A column was sent to Sistan under the command of Rabiah ibn Ziyad. The first confrontation took place at Zaliq, a border town, during a Persian festival and with the Muslims victorious, the citizens asked for peace. It is said that the Muslim commander, Rabiah ibn Ziyad, stuck a pole in the ground and asked the Persians to pile gold and silver up to the top. Once it was done the Muslims left the citizens in peace.

Qarquqya, five miles from Zaliq was captured without resistance. After that the army marched to Zaranj, in modern-day south western Afghanistan. After a long siege, Zaranj finally surrendered with the usual terms of Jizya. Thereafter the Muslims marched northward into Afghanistan to subjugate the rest of the province, and the city of Qarbatin was conquered after a battle. Rabiah returned to Zaranj with a large amount of treasure and captives. Rabiah remained the governor of Sistan for two years, then he left for Bosra. As soon as he left the province of Sistan, it broke into revolt once again and expelled Rabiah's successor.

This time after obtaining the approval of Uthman, Abdullah ibn Aamir appointed Abdur Rahman ibn Sumrah to command the army in the invasion of Sistan. Abdur Rahman ibn Sumrah led the army to Sistan, and, after crossing the frontier and overcoming resistance in the border towns, advanced to Zaranj. The old story of siege, blockade and surrender was repeated. Abdur Rahman ibn Sumrah made peace, with the Persians undertaking to pay an annual tribute of 20 million dirham. The Persians also presented 100,000 slaves.

From Zaranj, the Muslim force advanced into the interior of Afghanistan and, after capturing the main town of Helmand, all towns were subjugated. Most of the towns surrendered without offering resistance. The Muslims reached the hill town of Zor, in modern-day central Afghanistan. It is said that after capturing the town, Abdur Rahman ibn Sumrah entered the temple in the town, which had a huge idol with eyes of precious stones, he ordered it broken, saying to the priest that he did so to prove that this idol was capable of doing nothing, and constructed a mosque on the site. Thereafter Abdur Rahman ibn Sumrah marched northwards up to the Hindu Kush mountains in the northeast and captured Ghazni after some resistance and Kabul without any stiff resistance.

After making these conquests, Abdur Rahman ibn Sumrah returned to the provincial capital Zaranj and stayed there as governor till the end of the caliphate of Uthman.

Re-conquest of Tabaristan (Iran)
The Māzandarān Province (Tabaristan), which lies south of the Caspian Sea, was conquered during the reign of Umar, under the command of Nuaim ibn Muqarrin’s brother, Suwaid ibn Muqarrin. During Uthman's reign it broke into revolt, and Uthman directed Saeed ibn Al Aas, the Governor General of Kufa, to suppress it. Saeed ibn Al Aas led a strong force of 80,000 warriors to Tabaristan under his personal command. The force included such eminent persons as `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas, `Abd Allah ibn `Umar and Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr.

The army first entered Qom, which surrendered to them and they then advanced to Tamlisa, a coastal town. It put up a stiff resistance and after a fierce battle the Muslims overpowered the city. All the men were slaughtered  and the women and children were made slaves. The harsh treatment by the Muslims of the citizens of Tamlisa, struck terror into the hearts of the people of other towns and they lost the will to resist.

The army thereafter overran the Gīlān Province and other parts of Tabaristan. Even the hilly tract which had not been conquered during the caliphate of Umar was brought under Muslim rule. Having re-conquered the whole of Tabaristan, Saeed ibn Al Aas planned to march to Khorasan, but when he found that Abdullah ibn Aamir, the Governor General of Basra, was already in Khorasan, Saeed ibn Al Aas returned to Kufa.

Re-conquest of Khorasan (Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan)

Khorasan, the province of the Persian Empire expanded from what is now north eastern Iran to western Afghanistan and southern Turkmenistan. It was conquered during the reign of Umar, under the command of Ahnaf ibn Qais. After the death of Umar, Khorasan broke into revolt under Sassanid Emperor Yazdgerd III (betrayed and killed in 651), before he could lead the Persians against the Muslims.

In 651, Uthman sent Abdullah ibn Aamir, the governor of Bosra, to re-conquer Khorasan. Abdullah ibn Aamir marched with a large force from Bosra to Khorasan. After capturing the main forts in Khorasan, he sent many columns in various directions in Khorasan, the strategy was to avoid the Persians and to gather together in a large force. The town of Bayak, in modern-day Afghanistan, was taken by force but the Muslim commander fell fighting in the battle. After Bayak, the Muslims marched towards Tabisan, which was captured with little resistance. Next, after a long siege, the army captured the city of Nishapur. From there the army captured other small towns in the Khurassan region. After consolidating their position in most of Khurassan, they marched towards Herat in Afghanistan, which surrendered peacefully. After getting control of the region the Muslims marched towards the city of Mary, in modern-day Turkmenistan. The city surrendered along with other towns of the region except one, Sang, which was later taken by force. The campaign in Khorasan ended with the conquest of Balkh in 654.

Campaign in Transoxiana (Central Asia)
After consolidating the Muslim authority in Khorasan, Abdullah ibn Aamir crossed the Amu Darya (Oxus River) and invaded Uzbekistan in southern Transoxiana. Details of these campaigns are not known but the source books tell us that a greater part of southern Transoxiana submitted to the suzerainty of Muslim rule.

Re-conquest of Makran (Pakistan)
Makran was conquered during the reign of Umar, in 644, when three columns were sent by three different routes under the command of Hakam ibn Amr, Shahab ibn Makharaq and Abdullah ibn Utban. At the western bank of the Indus River they defeated the Hindu king of Sindh, Raja Rasil. Umar ordered them to consolidate their position on the western bank of the Indus River and not to cross it.

During the reign of Caliph Uthman, Makran broke into revolt along with other Persian dominions. Uthman sent his commander, Ubaidhullah ibn Ma’ mar Tamini, to re-conquer Makran, along with other adjoining areas of Persia. In 650, the army under his command conquered it after series of skirmishes, however no pitched battles were fought. Ubaidullah ibn Ma’mar was made the first governor of the Makran region. Later he was given the governorship of another Persian region and was replaced, first by Umair ibn Usman ibn Saeed, and then Saeed ibn Qandir Qarshi, who remained governor until Caliph Uthman died.

Conquest of Baluchistan (Pakistan)
In the 7th century, what is now the Balochistan province of Pakistan, was divided into two main regions, its south-western parts were part of the Kermān Province of the Persian Empire and the north-eastern region was part of the Persian province of Sistan. The southern region was included in Makran.

In early 644, Umar sent Suhail ibn Adi from Bosra to conquer the Kermān Province of Iran; of which he was made governor. From Kermān he entered western Balochistan and conquered the region near the Persian frontiers. South-western Balochistan was conquered during the campaign in Sistan the same year.

During Caliph Uthman's reign in 652, Balochistan was re-conquered during the campaign against the revolt in Kermān, under the command of Majasha ibn Masood. It was the first time that western Balochistan had come directly under the Laws of Caliphate and it paid an agricultural tribute. In those days western Balochistan was included in the dominion of Kermān. In 654, Abdulrehman ibn Samrah was made governor of Sistan and an army was sent under him to crush the revolt in Zarang, which is now in southern Afghanistan. After conquering Zarang a column moved northward to conquer areas up to Kabul and Ghazni in the Hindu Kush mountains. At the same time another column moved towards the Quetta District in the north-western part of Balochistan and conquered an area up to the ancient city of Dawar and Qanzabil. By 654, the whole of what is now the Balochistan province of Pakistan was under the rule of the Rashidun Empire, except for the well-defended mountain town of QaiQan (now Kalat), which was conquered during Caliph Ali's reign. Abdulrehman ibn Samrah made Zaranj his provincial capital and remained governor of these conquered areas from 654 to 656, until Uthman was murdered.

Campaign in Sindh (Pakistan)
The province of Sistan was the largest province of the Persian Empire, its frontiers extending from Sindh in the east, to Balkh (Afghanistan) in the northeast. The Islamic conquest of some parts of Sindh was extension of the campaign to conquer the Persian Empire in 643, by sending seven armies from seven different routes, to different parts of empire.

The army first entered Sindh during the reign of Umar, in 644. It was not a whole scale invasion of Sindh, but was merely an extension of the conquests of the largest province of Persia, Sistan and Makran regions. In 644, the columns of Hakam ibn Amr, Shahab ibn Makharaq and Abdullah ibn Utban concentrated near the west bank of the Indus River and defeated the Hindu king of Sindh, Raja Rasil, his armies retreated and crossed the river.

In response to Umar's question about the Makran region, the messenger from Makran who brought the news of the victory told him:

Thereupon, Umar, after listening to the unfavourable situation for sending an army, instructed Hakim bin Amr al Taghlabi that for the time being Makran should be the easternmost frontier of the Rashidun Empire, and that no further attempt should be made to extend the conquests. Thereupon, the commander of the army in Makran said the following verses:

He was referring to the Hindu temple in the interior of Sindh where prostitutes used to give a part of their earnings as charity.

After the death of Umar, these areas, like other regions of the Persian Empire, broke into revolt and Uthman sent forces to re-conquer them. Uthman also sent his agent, Haheem ibn Jabla Abdi, to investigate the matters of Hind. On his return he told Uthman about the cities, and, after listening to the miserable conditions of the region Uthman avoided campaigning in the Sindh interior, and, like Umar he ordered his armies not to cross the Indus River.

References

Bibliography

Uthman
Uthman
Rashidun Caliphate


KZHC (1230 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Burns, Oregon, United States. The station, established in 1957, is owned by Randolph and Debra McKone, through licensee KJDY, LLC. KZHC and sister station KZHC-FM are the two of only four radio stations with Burns as their community of license.

Programming
KZHC broadcasts a hot adult contemporary music format to Burns and much of Harney County, Oregon. In addition to its usual music programming, KZHC airs a variety of local sporting events, including high school football.

History
This station began broadcast operations on September 28, 1957, as KRNS with 250 watts of power on 1230 kHz under the ownership of Howard McDonald and James Ward, doing business as Radio Burns. KRNS upgraded its daytime signal to 1,000 watts in 1966 while its nighttime signal remained at 250 watts.

The station was sold to KRNS Radio, Inc., in 1974. KRNS Radio, Inc. was owned & operated by Bill Hampton. KRNS was sold to Warren D. Evans in 1978. KRNS was authorized to broadcast with 1,000 watts of power both day and night, its current authorization level, in August 1981. The station was assigned new call letters KZZR by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on April 10, 1984.

In December 1993, Warren D. Evans reached an agreement to sell KZZR to Stanley M. Swol. The deal was approved by the FCC on January 21, 1994, and, after a delay, the transaction was completed on November 3, 1994. In October 2003, Stanley M. Swol applied to the FCC to transfer the broadcast license for KZZR to SS Radio, LLC, a limited liability company wholly owned by Stanley M. Swol. The transfer was approved by the FCC on November 10, 2003, and the transaction was completed on same day.

In November 2004, SS Radio, LLC, reached an agreement to sell this station and FM sister station KQHC to Action Radio, LLC, for a reported $72,500. The deal was approved by the FCC on March 11, 2005, and the transaction was completed on April 18, 2005. At the time of the sale, KZZR broadcast a country music format.

In August 2007, Action Radio, LLC, agreed to sell both KZZR and KQHC to B&H Radio, Inc., for $67,000 in cash plus the assumption of certain debts for a total sale price of $209,700.98. The deal was approved by the FCC on October 1, 2007, and the transaction was completed on the same day.

In May 2010, B&H Radio, Inc., agreed to sell KZZR and KQHC to Harney County Radio, LLC for $245,000. Harney County Radio, LLC is wholly owned by Joan M. & Leighton M. Reed-Nickerson who also own KORV in Lakeview, Oregon. On June 30, 2010, the FCC approved the transfer of KZZR and KQHC to Harney County Radio, LLC. On July 16, 2010, the new owners had the FCC change the station's call sign to KBNH, for "Burns N' Hines". Later that month, KBNH changed its format from contemporary country to classic country. The KBNH format was changed to the Cumulus "Real Country" format on June 1, 2012.

The station went silent on October 31, 2015. In an FCC application for permission to suspend operations, the managing member stated there was a lack of personnel to operate it and the owner had left the country.

In July 2016, Starlight Broadcasting LLC purchased the radio station from Harney County Radio LLC. Starlight rebranded it as AM 1230 The Coyote, "The Sound of Eastern Oregon". The purchase by Starlight Broadcasting was consummated on October 28, 2016, and the radio station went back on the air on October 30, 2016. The station changed its call sign to KYQT on July 4, 2017.

On June 12, 2018, the sale of KYQT, co-owned KSQB, and the construction permit for FM translator K256DC to Alexandra Communications, Inc. was filed with the Federal Communications Commission. The sale was approved on August 1 and consummated on September 24, 2018.

Effective October 1, 2020, Alexandra Communications sold KYQT, KZHC-FM, and K256DC to KJDY, LLC for $60,000. KYQT simultaneously changed their call letters to KZHC.

Former on-air staff

There have been many professional and first-time announcers employed at KRNS/KZZR. Howard McDonald and James Ward were the station's first owners and were also announcers, doing airshifts and commercial production. McDonald's "catch phrase" was "Burnzoreygon". Bill Hampton was also an owner and announcer, working morning drive. His children, Craig & Corrine did announcing duties, mostly summers and breaks from school, or after school. Craig Hampton did an afternoon show called "The Craig Connection" playing popular rock & roll music. Craig was also the voice of Burns High Highlander sports for a few seasons. In 1978, Bill turned to the KIIS broadcasting Workshop for announcers with training. John C. Frost was the first KBW graduate to work at KRNS. After being hired as an announcer, he found himself as General Manager, as the station was in the sale transition between Hampton & Evans. GM Frost called upon KBW, and found Johnny Randolph & Paul Kaye. The trio worked to improve the general sound of the station, which was outdated, to modern country & AC music. Almost a year later, Bob Murphy, with his "Bob Murphy get-together" arrived from Hollywood. News was the reason he was hired, but he also pulled a two-hour music airshift from 9-11 am. Gary Pedro came on board after Paul Kaye left KRNS. When Bob decided to head back home to Pennsylvania, Maia Carroll arrived from SoCal. Other announcers came and went in the three-and-a-half year span of KBW grads. Dean Carl was a local high school kid, always wanting to be on the air. Mike Crafford did weekend work during that time, as did Mike Corson.

References

External links

ZHC (AM)
Radio stations established in 1957
Burns, Oregon
1957 establishments in Oregon


Samuel Hoard (1599–1658) was an English clergyman and controversialist in the Arminian interest. He is credited with the first worked-out attack on Calvinistic doctrine by an English churchman.

Life
He was born in London in 1599, and became either a clerk or a chorister of All Souls' College, Oxford, in 1614. He matriculated on 10 October 1617, and migrated to St Mary Hall, where he graduated B.A. 20 April 1618, and commenced M.A. in 1621.

He became chaplain to Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick, who presented him in 1626 to the rectory of Moreton, near Ongar, Essex. On 15 June 1630 he was admitted B.D. at Oxford. In 1637 he was collated to the prebend of Willesden in the church of St Paul. He died on 15 February 1657 O.S., and was buried in the chancel of Moreton Church. Wood says he was "well read in the fathers and schoolmen, was a good disputant and preacher, a zealous Calvinist in the beginning, but a greater Arminian afterwards".

Works
His Gods Love to Mankind; manifested by disproving his absolute Decree for their Damnation provoked several answers. John Davenant was, according to Lee Gatiss, influential in replying to the Arminian positions of Hoard and Henry Mason. Some pieces by Mason were included in Gods Love to Mankind. There was also a reply from Moïse Amyraut, and Hoard's work is referred to by Nathaniel Culverwel. A posthumous work of William Twisse, with Henry Jeanes and John Goodwin, also replied explicitly.

Notes and references

Citations

17th-century English Anglican priests
1599 births
1658 deaths
Arminian ministers
Arminian writers


Tabor Church (Wilhelmshagen) () is one of the three churches of the Evangelical Berlin-Rahnsdorf Congregation, a member of today's Protestant umbrella organisation Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia. The church building is located in the quarter Wilhelmshagen, locality Rahnsdorf, borough Treptow-Köpenick of  Berlin. The church was named in memory of the Transfiguration of Jesus, which allegedly took place on Mount Tabor הר תבור in today's Israel.

Congregation and Church
The congregation's parish comprises the area of the historical village of Rahnsdorf, which has been incorporated into Berlin by the Prussian Greater Berlin Act in 1920. Due to the high number of new parishioners moving in at the beginning of the 20th century the congregation decided to build an additional church in # 48, Schönblicker Straße, in the then newly developed quarter of Wilhelmshagen (today's 12589 Berlin-Wilhelmshagen).

In 1910 the congregation commissioned the architects Peter Jürgensen and Jürgen Bachmann to build the new church. On 9 April 1911 Tabor Church was inaugurated. The church is situated as a landmark in the middle of a round square, joined by streets from six directions. The quire of the church is not oriented, but directed to the south. Since baroque times church buildings are often not build according to the biblical tradition of orientation. The outside of yellow bricks is partly covered with a plaster, structured by rusticated strips of pilasters. The church consists of one nave covered by a saddle roof, drawn down to also roof the aisles. Northerly attached to the nave is a massive tower of a rectangular groundplan, topped by a squat spire, covered with shingles of slate. The building weathered the Second World War intact.

Furnishings

The main entrance in the tower is topped by a tympanon, decorated with putti symbolising the theological virtues of Faith, Love (Charity), and Hope. The nave is covered by a barrel vault. The Jugendstil furnishings by Albert Klingner comprise an altarpiece depicting the Transfiguration of Jesus (1911) and a tableau of the Four Evangelists John, Luke, Mark, and Matthew accompanied by scenes from the Old Testament.

Putti above the entrance

Notes

References
 Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger, Michael Bollé, Ralph Paschke et al., Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler / Georg Dehio: 22 vols., revis. and ext. new ed. by Dehio-Vereinigung, Berlin and Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 22000, vol. 8: Berlin, p. 240. .
 Günther Kühne and Elisabeth Stephani, Evangelische Kirchen in Berlin (11978), Berlin: CZV-Verlag, 21986, p. 431. .

External links

 Berlin-Rahnsdorf Congregation (website)

Tabor Wilhelmshagen
Tabor Wilhelmshagen
Berlin Tabor Wilhelmshagen
Berlin Tabor Wilhelmshagen
Tabor
Tabor
Berlin Tabor Wilhelmshagen


Bodil Ryste (born 26 July 1979) is a Norwegian ski mountaineer and cross-country skier.

Ryste was born in Ørsta. She lives in Gaular-Bygstad.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

World Cup

Season standings

Ski mountaineering results
 2007:
 5th, European Championship relay race (together with Ellen Blom and Lene Pedersen)
 9th, European Championship team race (together with Marit Tveite Bystøl)
 2008:
 4th, World Championship relay race (together with Lene Pedersen, Ellen Blom and Marit Tveite Bystøl)
 2009:
 5th, European Championship relay race (together with Marit Tveite Bystøl and Oddrun Brakstad Orset)
 6th, European Championship team race (together with Marit Tveite Bystøl)
 9th, European Championship combination ranking

External links
 Bodil Ryste at Skimountaineering.org

References

1979 births
Living people
Norwegian female ski mountaineers
Norwegian female cross-country skiers
People from Ørsta
Skiers from Møre og Romsdal


Ryste may refer to:

 Bodil Ryste (b. 1979), Norwegian ski mountaineer and cross-country skier
 Ruth Anlaug Ryste (b. 1932), personal secretary to Norwegian ministers


Gary Barret Browning (born December 28, 1984) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals in 2012.

Amateur career
Browning attended Florida State University, and in 2005 he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League.

Professional career
He was selected by the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in the 28th round of the 2006 Major League Baseball Draft. He was drafted by the Cardinals in the 2011 Rule 5 draft and was called up to the major leagues on June 30, 2012. The Cardinals designated him for assignment on January 28, 2013. He was released on May 24, 2013.

See also
Rule 5 draft results

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from Georgia (U.S. state)
Sportspeople from Brunswick, Georgia
St. Louis Cardinals players
Orem Owlz players
Cedar Rapids Kernels players
Rancho Cucamonga Quakes players
Arkansas Travelers players
Scottsdale Scorpions players
Salt Lake Bees players
Memphis Redbirds players
Águilas Cibaeñas players
American expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic
Middle Georgia Warriors baseball players
Florida State Seminoles baseball players
Cotuit Kettleers players


USS Davey (WYT-81) was a United States Navy harbor entrance patrol and boarding vessel in service at Pilot Town, Louisiana during World War I.

Davey, originally a tug, was transferred by the United States Coast Guard to the Navy in April 1917. She was returned to the Coast Guard in 1919.

Nothing more is known about Davey

References

Ships of the United States Coast Guard
World War I auxiliary ships of the United States
Ships built in Delaware
1908 ships


Marit Tveite Bystøl (born 20 November 1981) is a Norwegian ski mountaineer.

Selected results
 2007:
 9th, European Championship team race (together with Bodil Ryste)
 2008:
 4th, World Championship relay race (together with Lene Pedersen, Ellen Blom and Ellen Blom)
 5th, World Championship combination ranking
 8th, World Championship team race (together with Lene Pedersen)
 2009:
 5th, European Championship relay race (together with Bodil Ryste and Oddrun Brakstad Orset)
 6th, European Championship team race (together with Bodil Ryste)
 10th, European Championship combination ranking
 2010:
 6th, World Championship relay race (together with Oddrun Brakstad Orset and Malene Haukøy)
 7th, World Championship single race
 8th, World Championship team race (together with Oddrun Brakstad Orset)

Pierra Menta

 2010: 5th, together with Oddrun Brakstad Orset

External links
 Marit Tveite Bystøl at Skimountaineering.org

References

1981 births
Living people
Norwegian female ski mountaineers


Tveite may refer to:

 Håvard Tveite (b. 1962), Norwegian orienteering competitor
 Marit Tveite Bystøl (b. 1981), Norwegian ski mountaineer


Jeršiče (; ) is a village in the hills northeast of Cerknica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

References

External links

Jeršiče on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Cerknica


Ernest Alexander Payne  (19 February 1902 – 14 January 1980) was a British Baptist administrator and scholar. He served the British Baptist Union as a pastor, teacher and writer before becoming its general secretary and president. A dedicated ecumenist, he held high office in the Free Churches, the British Council of Churches and the World Council of Churches, where he was elected president. In recognition of his ecumenical work, he was created a  Companion of Honour.

Biography
M. S. West, To be a pilgrim: a memoir of Ernest A. Payne,   Lutterworth Press, 1983

Selected works
A 20th century minister: John Oliver Barrett, 1901–78. (1979)
The Anabaptists of the 16th century and their influence in the modern world. (1949)
The Baptist Union: a short history. (1982)
Baptists and church relations. (1964)
The Baptists of the world and their overseas missions. (1955)
The excellent Mr. Burls: first London member of the committee and third treasurer of the Baptist Missionary Society; first treasurer of the Baptist Irish Society. (1943)
The fellowship of believers: Baptist thought and practice yesterday and today. (1952)
The first generation. Early leaders of the Baptist Missionary Society in England and India. (1937)
The Free Church tradition in the life of England. (1951)
The Great succession: leaders of the Baptist Missionary Society during the nineteenth century. (1946)
The growth of the world church: the story of the modern missionary movement  (1955)
Harry Wyatt of Shansi, 1895–1938. (1939)
James Henry Rushbrooke, 1870–1947: a Baptist greatheart. (1954)
Marianne Lewis and Elizabeth Sale: pioneers of missionary work among women. (1937)
Out of great tribulation: Baptists in the U.S.S.R. (1974)
Philip Doddridge, 1702–51: his contribution to English religion. (1951)
The story of the Baptists. (1978)
Thirty years of the British Council of Churches, 1942–1972. (1972)
Thomas Helwys and the first Baptist Church in England. (1966)
Veteran warrior: a memoir of B. Grey Griffith. (1962)

Sources
Russell, David S. "Payne, Ernest Alexander (1902–1980)". Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online.

1902 births
1980 deaths
English Baptists
Baptist writers
Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
20th-century Baptists


USS David K. Philips (ID-978) was a United States Navy harbor tug during World War I.

David K. Philips was built in 1877. She was purchased by the Navy and placed in service on 21 May 1917. She was assigned to the 5th Naval District where she performed net patrol and harbor tug duties in the Norfolk, Virginia region throughout the war. She was stricken from the Navy List on 24 April 1919 and sold at Norfolk on 23 June 1919.

The boat operated as a private fishing vessel out of Reedsville, Va., through at least 1968.

Nothing more is known about David K. Philips

References

Tugs of the United States Navy
Patrol vessels of the United States Navy
World War I patrol vessels of the United States
1877 ships


The British Board of Agrément (BBA) is a UK body issuing certificates for construction products and systems and providing inspection services in support of their designers and installers.

Agrément certificate
This is an authoritative document proving the fitness for the purpose of a construction product and its compliance or contribution to compliance with the various building regulations applying in the United Kingdom. It is commonly referred to as a 'BBA Agrément Certificate'.

History
The forerunner of the BBA, the Agrément Board, was modelled on an arrangement operating in France, hence the French word agrément, which translates literally as 'approval'.

The British Board of Agrément (BBA) is a construction industry approvals body, originally set up in 1966 by government and offering product and installer approval. Agrément certificates cover 200 different product sectors and the largest of these are insulation and roofing. In the former the BBA has run an Approved Installer Scheme for more than thirty years, linking installations of injected cavity wall insulation to BBA approval of the systems and dealing with both the system supplier and installer. BBA approvals show compliance with Building Regulations and other requirements, including installation quality.

The BBA also inspects for the Fenestration Self Assessment Scheme (FENSA), the Federation of Master Builders and for some certificate holders to check that installers demonstrate good practice on site. The BBA also run the Highways Authorities Product Approval Scheme (HAPAS) for Highways England, County Surveyors Society and other agencies in the UK. This is similar to the Agrément Certificate process but applied to highways products. Some of these have Approved Installer schemes linked to them and the BBA also inspects those.

Structure and ownership
The BBA consists of three main operations, Product Approval and Certification, Inspection and Test Services. Ownership of the BBA is held by its Governing Board, consisting of three executive and four non-executive directors. Inspection activities are a key element of the planned business growth and recent restructuring of the BBA’s Technical operation has been undertaken to focus effort and attention on it. Hardy Giesler is the BBA’s CEO.

The BBA employs approximately 185 people, most of whom are based at their offices and testing facilities near Watford, and the remainder are inspectors geographically located around the UK with access to the BBA’s electronic systems allowing them to work remotely.

The BBA is a company limited by guarantee - equivalent to a non-profit status used in other countries, any profits made by BBA used for the benefit of the construction industry or the public good.

Coverage
The organisation has inspectors based around the United Kingdom capable of returning completed reports within 24 hours of receipt.

Environmental policy
The BBA is accredited by UKAS to provide Environmental Certification to the ISO 14000 series and operates appropriate internal controls.

References

External links

Government agencies established in 1966
Product-testing organizations
Certification marks
Government buildings in England
Government buildings in Wales
Government buildings in Scotland
Organisations based in Hertfordshire
St Albans
1966 establishments in the United Kingdom


Cian O'Sullivan (born 27 March 1988) is a Gaelic footballer who plays for the Kilmacud Crokes club and previously at senior level for the Dublin county team.

Playing career

Club
O'Sullivan won his first Dublin Senior Football Championship medal for Kilmacud Crokes in 2008. He won a Leinster Senior Club Football Championship medal and an All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship medal in 2009. He won a second Dublin title and a Leinster title in 2010 and a third Dublin title in 2018.

Inter-county
O'Sullivan made his inter-county debut for Dublin in 2009.

He won his first All-Ireland Senior Football Championship with Dublin in September 2011, defeating Kerry in the final at Croke Park.

He won the National Football League with Dublin 2013 playing in midfield at Croke Park against Tyrone. The game finished on a scoreline of 0–18 to 0–17. On 22 September 2013, he started in midfield for the All Ireland Final. He was a key performer in the game ultimately moving to corner back following an injury to Jonny Cooper in Dublin's defeat of Mayo on a scoreline of 2–12 to 1–14. He won his first all star at centre back following displays of versatility throughout the year.

O'Sullivan was crucial to Dublin's success in 2015. Following defeat to Donegal  in 2014, manager Jim Gavin deployed him as a "sweeping centre back", responsible for shoring up Dublin's defense against leaking goals. He became the lynchpin of Dublin's team with his reading of the game, calmness in possession and athleticism key to Dublin conceding only 4 goals in their 7 championship games played, of which Dublin kept 4 clean sheets. Despite suffering a hamstring injury in the final minutes of the semi-final replay defeat of Mayo, O'Sullivan started the final where Dublin defeated reigning champions Kerry 0–12 to 0-09, playing just over an hour of the game. He received his second All Star award at centre back.

He was again a key performer in 2016 as Dublin retained both their National League and Leinster titles. He also played a key role as the Dubs defeated Mayo by a single point after a replay on a scoreline of 1–15 to 1–14 to retain the Sam Maguire Cup.

In 2017, Dublin were narrowly defeated in the National League final by Kerry by a single point. They then went on to win a record 7 Leinster titles in a row. On 17 September, O'Sullivan was heavily involved as Dublin claimed a historic 3 in a row All Ireland titles with another narrow 1–17 to 1–16 victory against Mayo. Having been outplayed in the first half, the Dubs turned the game around to win a thrilling game courtesy of a 75th minute Dean Rock free. O'Sullivan won his third all star following his displays.

In June 2021, O'Sullivan announced his retirement from inter-county football.

Honours
Dublin
All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (8): 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020
Leinster Senior Football Championship (10): 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020
National Football League (5): 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018

Kilmacud Crokes
Dublin Senior Football Championship (3): 2008, 2010, 2018
Leinster Senior Club Football Championship (2): 2008, 2010
All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship (1): 2009

Individual
All Star (3): 2013, 2015, 2017

References

1988 births
Living people
Dublin inter-county Gaelic footballers
Gaelic football backs
Kilmacud Crokes Gaelic footballers
Winners of eight All-Ireland medals (Gaelic football)


Pingami () is a 1994 Indian Malayalam-language action thriller film directed by Sathyan Anthikkad and written by Reghunath Paleri based on his own short story Kumarettan Parayaatha Kadha. It was produced by Mohanlal through the company Pranavam Arts, and stars himself along with Puneet Issar, Jagathy Sreekumar, Thilakan, Innocent, Kanaka, Sukumaran, Janardhanan and Oduvil Unnikrishnan in supporting roles. The film follows Captain Vijay, who forms a close bond with Kumaran, a severely injured man. However, when he dies, Vijay decides to investigate the cause of his death.

The music was composed by Johnson. The film was released on 27 May 1994 and was an average success at the box office. In a retrospective review in 2019, Kerala Kaumudi described Pingami as the most underrated film ever in Malayalam cinema. and  over the years, the film has attained a cult following.

Plot
Captain Vijay Menon is an orphaned army officer, who returns on his annual leave to stay with his maternal aunt and uncle, who raised him and his younger sister after the untimely deaths of their parents and younger sister. One day, Vijay sees a social worker named Kumaran lying on the road after an accident and moaning for help. He takes Kumaran to a hospital, but is unable to save his life. Vijay finds out that Kumaran's accident was actually a pre-planned murder. With the help of his friend Kutti Hassan, he starts on a trail to find out the mystery behind the murder and in the midst, he finds out the missing links of his own life.

It is revealed that Kumaran was murdered by the same people who had killed Vijay's father, an honest IFS officer who apprehended smuggling of timber. Vijay's father's murder was witnessed by Kumaran, who tried to find justice for Vijay's family. This revelation prompts Vijay to seek vengeance on his father's killers in his own ways, while simultaneously falling in love with Kumaran's daughter Sridevi. Through Kumaran's diary and his own investigations, Vijay finds out that his mother and sister aren't dead, as Kumaran had rescued them and admitted his sister and mother in a charity home where he regularly visited them. Vijay is able to reunite with his family and successfully finishes Kumaran's and his mission for justice.

Cast

Mohanlal as Captain Vijay Menon, a military officer
Puneet Issar as Edwin Thomas / Achayan (voiceover by Prof. Aliyar)
Jagathy Sreekumar as Kutti Hassan
Innocent as Advocate Iyengar
Thilakan as Illipanath Narayanan Kumaran / Kumarettan
Kanaka as Sridevi, Kumaran's daughter
Sukumaran as George Mathews / George Achayan, an influential politician
Janardhanan as Retd SP Koshy Varghese
Devan as Vijay's father, a government officer
Shanthi Krishna as Subhadra, Menon's younger sister and Vijay's mother
Seetha as Parvathi, Vijay's younger sister
Vinduja Menon as Ganga / Mary / Chinnumol, Vijay's youngest sister
Oduvil Unnikrishnan as Menon, Vijay's maternal uncle
Meena as Menon's wife and Vijay's aunt
Kuthiravattam Pappu as Achuthan
Sankaradi as Muthappan
Mala Aravindan as Velichappadu
Kunchan as Auto driver Khader Kutty
Paravoor Bharathan as Advocate
T. P. Madhavan as Newspaper editor
V. K. Sreeraman as Police officer
Poornam Viswanathan as Varma, Revenue Intelligence officer
Sadiq as Studio owner
Ottapalam Pappan
Santhakumari as Kumarettan's wife and Sridevi's mother
Meena Ganesh as Kuttyhasan's mother
Santha Devi as Mother Superior
Abu Salim as Muthu
Bindu Varappuzha as Rukhiya
Antony Perumbavoor as Car driver Devasikutty

Production
Pingami was based on Raghunath Paleri's short story Kumarettan Parayatha Katha. He also wrote the screenplay. Sathyan Anthikkad made a genre change with Pingami who was usually known for making comical family dramas.

Music

The film features songs composed by Johnson and written by Kaithapram.

Release
The film was released on 27 May 1994.

Reception

Box office
It was an average success at the box office.

Critical response
Upon release the film received mixed reviews. However, modern reception has been more positive.

References

External links

1994 films
1990s Malayalam-language films
Films directed by Sathyan Anthikad
Pranavam Arts International films
Indian action thriller films
Films shot in Kozhikode
Indian films about revenge
Films scored by Johnson


De Van is a metal band founded 2009 in Stockholm, Sweden.

Their song "Play Us" is currently the theme song for the MTV reality show "PlayUs".

History
The band began in 2007 when Eric De Van met Tord Bäckström and Stefan Åberg, two well known producers.  Eric De Van was given the opportunity to do the vocals for the theme song on MTV's show "Play Us". Bäckström immediately recognized Eric De Van's potential and they decided to join together.

The band acquired new members in the following years and they played their first live gig in the spring on 2009 only after three weeks of the band being complete.

Members
Eric De Van – Vocals
Mike Laver – Lead Guitar
Greg Andersson – Lead Guitar
Cee – Bass Guitar
Bjarne Gudmundsson – Drums
Joan - Keyboards

References

Swedish musical groups


Andreas Fischbacher (born 30 October 1973) is an Austrian ski mountaineer.

Fischbacher was born in Ramsau am Dachstein. He started ski mountaineering in 1998.

Selected results
 2000
 1st, Hochwurzen-Berglauf
 2008:
 1st, Rofan Xtreme team (together with Andreas Ringhofer and Johann Wieland)
 5th, World Championship relay race (together with Martin Bader, Andreas Kalß and Alexander Lugger)

External links
 Andreas Fischbacher at skimountaineering.org

1973 births
Living people
Austrian male ski mountaineers
People from Liezen District
Skiers from Styria


Alice Palmer is a Scottish knitwear designer who has won many awards and is much influenced by Arabic art.

References

External links
List of Publications
 Interview with Alice Palmer

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Scottish designers


Rye flakes are made from rye groats which are steamed and rolled into a flake.  They may be added to soups, stews, cakes and breads.

About
Rye flakes are produced by collecting rye, roasting it on a gas fire, and then rolling it into flakes. It is most commonly eaten as hot cereal. Other recipes that call for rye flakes include granola, muesli, creamy soups, stews, desserts, pie crusts, and baked goods. They are one-hundred percent whole grain, thus making them very high in fiber and manganese.

References

Rye-based dishes


Samuel Shobal Ryckman (January 4, 1849 – August 16, 1929) was a grocer, real estate agent and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Hamilton in the House of Commons of Canada from 1891 to 1896 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Ryckman's Corners, Glanford Township, Wentworth County, Canada West, the son of George Marlatt Ryckman and Perimela Fink. He was educated locally and in Hamilton. In 1867, Ryckman married Sarah Thornton. He entered business as a real estate agent at the age of 22. From 1884 to 1890, he also operated a retail grocery business in Hamilton. Ryckman served on the municipal council for Hamilton from 1890 to 1891. He marketed a patent medicine known as "Ryckman's Kootenay Cure".

Rykman [sic] Creek in Glacier National Park in British Columbia was named after Ryckman who was part owner of several mining claims in the area.

References

Prominent men of Canada a collection of persons distinguished in professional and political life ... (1892), GM Adam

1849 births
1928 deaths
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs


Fischbacher may refer to:

 Andrea Fischbacher (born 1985), Austrian alpine skier
 Andreas Fischbacher (born 1973), Austrian ski mountaineer
  (born 1956), German jazz musician
 Christian Fischbacher (1913–2006), Swiss skeleton racer
 Emil Fischbacher,  (1903–1933), Scottish Protestant Christian missionary to Xinjiang
  (1886–1972), German politician
 Martin Siegfried Fischbacher (1939–2021) of "Siegfried & Roy"

See also
 Fischbach (disambiguation)
 Fischbach (surname)

German-language surnames


USS Day (DE-225) was a Rudderow-class destroyer escort in the United States Navy during World War II.

Namesake
Francis Daniel Day was born on 25 July 1904 in Milburn, New Jersey. He enlisted in the Navy on 12 January 1925 and served continuously until his death on the  during the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Chief Water Tender Day was posthumously awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for risking his life to assist 15 of the crew to escape from a flooded compartment through a submerged porthole.

Construction and commissioning
Day was launched 14 October 1943 by the Philadelphia Navy Yard in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, sponsored by Miss G. Day, sister of the ships namesake and commissioned on 10 June 1944.

Service history
Departing New York City 14 October 1944 Day sailed to Hollandia, New Guinea. arriving on 21 November 1944. She escorted a convoy to Finschhafen and Morotai between 9 and 20 December 1944, and on 26 December 1944 departed Hollandia to screen convoys passing between Sansapor and Leyte in the Philippine Islands.

Detached from this duty at Leyte on 4 January 1945, she escorted a convoy of 56 tugs and tows to Lingayen Gulf at Luzon in the Philippines, fighting off three attacks by Japanese planes before her arrival at the newly invaded beaches there on 14 January 1945. Returning to Leyte on 18 January 1945, Day sailed a week later for the invasion of the San Antonio-San Felipe area of Luzon which had already been taken by Philippine guerrilla forces.

During February 1945 Day operated locally out of San Pedro Bay in the Philippines on patrol and convoy duty. She was assigned to screen a group of minesweepers clearing Manila Bay, then returned to Subic Bay to escort a convoy of merchant ships into the newly swept harbor at Manila on Luzon. She supported the landings at the port of Legaspi, Luzon, on 1 April 1945, returning with reinforcements on 4 April 1945. The next day, she got underway to serve as command ship for a minesweeping unit clearing the channels around Balabac Island and opening the southern approaches from the Sulu Sea to the South China Sea. She returned to Leyte on 3 May 1945 and on 7 May 1945 joined a task unit bound for Morotai. She participated in the invasion of Borneo from 7 to 12 June 1945, returning with reinforcements 21 to 30 June 1945.

From 22 July to 22 August 1945, Day escorted convoys between Ulithi and Leyte.

Day remained in the Philippines after World WAr II ended on 15 August 1945 until 18 December 1945, when she departed for San Diego, California, arriving there on 9 January 1946. She was placed out of commission in reserve at San Diego on 16 May 1946 and never returned to active service.

Disposal
Day was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 30 June 1968 and sunk as a target in the Pacific Ocean off San Clemente Island, California, on 1 March 1969.

Awards
Day received two battle stars for her World War II service.

References

Rudderow-class destroyer escorts
World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Ships built in Philadelphia
1943 ships
Ships sunk as targets
Shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean
Maritime incidents in 1969


Milton Moon AM (29 October 1926 - 6 September 2019) was an Australian potter.  He studied in many countries, as a recipient of a Foundation Winston Churchill Fellowship and also as a Myer Foundation Geijutsu Fellow.

Early years
Milton Moon was born in Melbourne in 1926.  After discharge from Navy Service in 1947 he lived first in Queensland and then in New South Wales until 1949, at which time he returned to Brisbane.  He studied painting and drawing at the Central Technical College and then privately with Margaret Cilento from 1949 to 1951.

He first became interested in pottery in 1950 and was taught wheel-throwing by Mervyn Feeney, a traditional potter living in Brisbane.  He was also employed in broadcasting and later television from 1947 to 1962.

Career
In 1962 he became Senior Pottery Instructor with the Department of Technical Education, Brisbane.

In 1965 Moon was awarded a Foundation Churchill Fellowship and studied in many countries during the following year.  He represented Australia at the first World Craft Congress, Montreux, Switzerland, in 1966. In 1967-68, he was an art tutor at the Architecture Department, University of Queensland. In 1969 became Senior Lecturer, Head of Ceramics at the South Australian School of Art. In 1974, as a Myer Foundation Geijutsu Fellow, he lived and worked in Japan.

In 1975 he resigned from lecturing to work full-time at Summertown, South Australia in the Adelaide Hills where he and his wife established a workshop, home and gallery in a restored 1850s stone mill.  Twenty years later, in 1995, he relocated to Adelaide.

Moon served as a member of the Australia-Japan Foundation from 1976 to 1981.  He was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the 1984 Queen's Birthday Honours.

In 1990 Moon was awarded Life Membership of the South Australian Crafts Council and, in 1992, he was a recipient of an Advance Australia Foundation Award.  In 1991 he was accorded a retrospective of his work, covering a period of thirty-five years, at the Art Gallery of South Australia.  In 1993 was a recipient of an  Australian Artists Creative Fellowship, for a five-year period from 1994 to 1998.  In 2006 he was conferred an honorary doctorate (DUniv) from the University of South Australia.

"In this, my 'ninetieth year,' over sixty of which I have been a potter, I remain concerned, if a little obsessed, with the challenge of making pots, which although belonging to a ceramic tradition of some eight thousand years or more, are undeniably and uniquely Australian. With all my changes of expression this has remained constant."

References

1926 births
2019 deaths
Australian potters
Members of the Order of Australia
Artists from Melbourne


The Serres municipales de Sens (600 m2) are municipal greenhouses located in the Parc du Moulin à Tan at 28, Chemin de Babie, Sens, Yonne, Bourgogne, France. They are open every afternoon without charge.

The greenhouses were constructed circa 1970 and restored in 2000. They contain about 1,500 plant taxa organized into three distinct rooms:

 Cactus House - cactus and succulents.
 Winter Garden - a tropical forest including avocado tree, sugar cane, orange and pear trees, pineapples, cocoa trees and coffee plants, banana, date palms, vanilla vines and pomegranates, as well as aquatic plants including Euryale ferox, Victoria cruziana and Victoria regia.
 Epiphyte House - orchids, carnivorous plants, bromeliads and other epiphytes.

See also
 List of botanical gardens in France

References
 Office de Tourisme Sens: Parc du Moulin à Tan

Gardens in Yonne
Botanical gardens in France


Elvis Perkins in Dearland is the second studio album by Elvis Perkins, and his first with backing band Elvis Perkins in Dearland, released on March 10, 2009, on XL Recordings.

Upon release, Perkins stated that he did not wish to record another album like its predecessor:I'd no interest in making Ash Wednesday II. After the dust had settled I was weary, worn and confused about what had happened, especially that people thought it was so personal. I had a talk with myself as to how I might deal with things second time around. Part of this involved making a band record removed from self and giving three other dudes a say. It's a broader vision.

Track listing
All songs written by Elvis Perkins
 "Shampoo"
 "Hey"
 "Hours Last Stand"
 "I Heard Your Voice in Dresden"
 "Send My Fond Regards to Lonelyville"
 "I'll Be Arriving"
 "Chains, Chains, Chains"
 "Doomsday"
 "123 Goodbye"
 "How's Forever Been Baby"

Chart performance

References

2009 albums
Elvis Perkins albums
XL Recordings albums


This list of fictional snakes is  subsidiary to the list of fictional animals and is a collection of various notable serpentine characters that appear in various works of fiction. It is limited to well-referenced examples of snakes in literature, music, film, television, comics, animation and video games.

Literature

Music

Comics

Animation

Television

Video games

See also
Legendary Serpents

References

Snakes

Fictional


"Foreign Land" is a song by Australian rock band, Eskimo Joe. It was released in April 2009 as the lead single from their
fourth studio album Inshalla. The song was the most added song on Australian radio in April 2009, and peaked at number 13 on the ARIA Charts and was certified gold. The single contains elements of traditional Turkish folk music from Adiyaman, Turkey.

The song was written as a tribute to Australian actor Heath Ledger, who died in January 2008.

The song placed second in the 2009 Vanda & Young Global Songwriting Competition.

At the APRA Music Awards of 2010, the song won Most Played Australian Work and Rock Work of the Year.

Background
The lyrics were borne from a poignant day in New York City when an emotionally drained Temperley stepped out for a walk.

The song has been used on TV shows such as The World's Strictest Parents and Sunday Night.

Track listing

Charts

Certifications

Release history

References

2009 singles
2009 songs
APRA Award winners
Eskimo Joe songs
Song recordings produced by Gil Norton
Commemoration songs
Songs written by Joel Quartermain
Songs written by Kavyen Temperley
Songs written by Steve Parkin (musician)
Songs written by Stuart MacLeod (musician)
Warner Music Group singles


Lydia Prugger (born 22 January 1969) from Ramsau am Dachstein is an Austrian ski mountaineer.

Prugger was inspired ski mountaineering by her father and later by her husband, who is a trained mountain guide. She has held the women's record at the Hochwurzen-Berglauf since 2006, and has been member of the national team since the foundation of the ASKIMO.

Selected results
 2006: 1st and course record, Hochwurzen-Berglauf
 2007:
 1st, Hochwurzen-Berglauf
 1st, Lesachtal ski mountaineering run
 1st, Loser ski mountaineering race
 3rd, Knappen-Königs-Trophy, Bischofshofen
 4th, Mountain-Attack tour
 2008:
 1st, Rofan Xtreme within the Austrian Championship
 1st and record at the new course, Hochwurzen-Berglauf
 1st, Laserzlauf
 1st, Lesachtal  ski mountaineering run
 4th, World Championship vertical race
 10th, World Championship single race
 2010:
 3rd, World Championship relay race (together with Michaela Eßl and Veronika Swidrak)
 5th, World Championship team race (together with Michaela Eßl)
 6th, World Championship vertical race
 7th, World Championship combination ranking
 2nd, Mountain Attack tour
 2011:
 6th, World Championship relay (together with Michaela Eßl and Veronika Swidrak)
 8th, World Championship vertical race
 2nd, Champ Or Cramp

Patrouille des Glaciers

 2010: 4th, (and 3rd in the "international civilian women" ranking), together with Veronika Swidrak and Michaela Eßl

External links
 Lydia Prugger at skimountaineering.org

References

1969 births
Living people
Austrian female ski mountaineers
21st-century Austrian women


Prugger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Lydia Prugger (born 1969), Austrian ski mountaineer
 Thomas Prugger (born 1971), Italian snowboarder


Police Police is a 2010 Indian Telugu-language buddy cop film directed by Manmohan Challa and produced by Chandu, Mohan Rao Kalyan Patil and Bhaskar Kandagatla. The film stars Sriram, Prithviraj Sukumaran (in his Telugu debut), Kamalinee Mukherjee and Sanjjanaa in the lead roles. The film was released after a two year delay due to problems with releasing the Tamil version, which was later dropped. The film has been dubbed in Tamil as Kutrappirivu in May 2010. The story revolves around two police officers with different ideologies. The film was released on 9 April 2010.

Plot
ASP Ranadheer (Sriram) appears as the protagonist while DSP Ravikanth (Prithviraj Sukumaran) appears as the antagonist. Ranadheer is a sincere cop who tries to remove wrongdoers, whereas Ravikanth is a corrupt police officer who has tie-ups with antisocial people. Ranadheer finds Ravikanth to be the culprit but is unable to prove that. In the event, he also loses his wife Harika (Kamalinee Mukherjee). How he manages to prove Ravikanth as the culprit forms the rest of the story.

Cast

Sriram as ASP Ranadheer IPS
Prithviraj Sukumaran as DSP Ravikanth
Kamalinee Mukherjee as Harika
Sanjjanaa Galrani as Sandhya
Ahuti Prasad as Tajuddin
Kadhal Dhandapani as Janardhan
Brahmaji as Sivaji
Vizag Prasad as DGP
Madhusudhan Rao as Gangadhar
C. V. L. Narasimha Rao as Swamy
Vasu Inturi as Venkatachalam
Sritej as Chanakya
Pruthvi as DSP David
Amit Tiwari as Sudarshan
Venu as Venu

Production
Sriram wanted to work in Telugu films and contacted Manmohan Challa, who used to dub his Tamil films in Telugu. Prithviraj, who starred with Sriram in Kana Kandaen, was cast, marking his first Telugu film. Prithviraj put on weight for his role in the film. Manisha Lamba was originally chosen to play the heroine and Chakri was originally chosen to compose the music. The film began production in 2008 as a bilingual in Telugu and Tamil with the Tamil version titled Idam Valam. Sun Pictures was announced as the film's producer. The Tamil version was later dropped.

Soundtrack

References

External links

2010 films
2010s buddy comedy films
Indian action comedy films
2010s Telugu-language films
2010 action comedy films
Fictional portrayals of the Andhra Pradesh Police
Indian buddy comedy films
2010s buddy cop films
Films scored by Sai Karthik


Daniel Gerome Davidson (born January 8, 1981) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher.

Davidson is 6 ft 4in tall and weighs 225 lbs.

Education
While playing college baseball, Davidson obtained a degree in Teaching as well as gaining experience in baseball coaching.

Career
Before moving to Los Angeles, Davidson played for Florida State University, Gulf Coast Community College, and, after not signing in 1999 and 2000 to two different teams, he was selected by the Anaheim Angels in the 13th Round (390th overall) of the 2003 amateur entry draft.

Davidson made his major league debut against the Minnesota Twins on April 19, , at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, pitching one inning and giving up one walk. On April 26, 2009, Davidson was designated for assignment.
He is now a middle school teacher in his hometown of Panama City, FL.

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from Florida
Rancho Cucamonga Quakes players
Arkansas Travelers players
Salt Lake Bees players
Provo Angels players
Los Angeles Angels players
Gulf Coast State Commodores baseball players
Florida State Seminoles baseball players
Sportspeople from Panama City, Florida


Jeanes is a surname, and may refer to:

 Allene Jeanes (1906–1995), American chemical researcher
 Anna T. Jeanes (1822–1907), American philanthropist
 David Jeanes (born 1943), English former rugby player
 Susan Jeanes (born 1958), Australian politician
 Tex Jeanes (1900–1973), American baseball player


Andrzej Busza  (born 1938, Poland), Polish Canadian poet, translator, essayist. Associated Professor Emeritus of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.
After the outbreak of the World War II, his family fled through Romania to Palestine where they stayed until 1947, when they settled in England. Andrzej Busza studied there in London (St. Joseph's College and University College London of the University of London). Soon he became active in Polish émigré literary circles. In 1965 he moved to Canada where for many years he taught English literature on University of British Columbia.

Busza's major contribution to the study of English literature comes mainly from his work on Joseph Conrad life and literary achievements, including Busza's translations from Polish literature. He is an honorary member of the Polish Historical Institute in Rome and  International Association of University Professors of English. His first published poems appeared in London's Polish literary periodical "Kontynenty" in the 1950s.

Books of poetry

 Znaki wodne, Paris, 1969
 Astrologer in the Underground, translated from Polish by Michael Bullock and J. Boraks, Ohio, 1979
 Głosy i refleksje, translated from English by B. Czaykowski, Berlin, 2001
 Scenes from the life of Laquedem, Toronto/Berlin, 2003,

Many individual poems, essays and translations by Busza appeared in literary, cultural and academic journals, i.e.: Kultura (Paris), Fraza (Rzeszów), Strumien (Vancouver), Akcenty (Lublin), and others.

References

Polish male poets
20th-century Canadian poets
20th-century Canadian male writers
Canadian male poets
21st-century Canadian poets
Living people
1938 births
Academic staff of the University of British Columbia
Alumni of University College London
Polish emigrants to Canada
Writers from British Columbia
21st-century Canadian male writers


Vladimir Trapeznikov () (born 13 September 1956) is an artistic director/production designer, and a member of the Union of Cinematographers of the Russian Federation since 1988.

Biography
 1976—1981 Faculty of Drawing and Graphics (Kazakhstan Pedagogical Institute, Almaty)
 1987—1993 Faculty of Art, All Russian State University for Cinematography (VGIK), Moscow.
 Student of Soviet artist, graphic artist and writer, Pavel Yakovlevich Zaltsman

Filmography
2008 Roses for Elsa a.k.a. «Roziy dlya Elzi» (Director: Ye. Konchalovsky)
2008 Moscow, I Love You! A series of short, multi-genre films about Moscow:
Etude in Bright Colors (Director: V. Chiginsky),
Queen (Director: A. Surikova),
Well, What Should I Tell You Muscovites… (Director: Ye. Konchalovsky),
Concert Suite (Director: G. Nathanson),
Real Life (Director: I. Okhlobisteen),
Melody of a Summer Night (Director: Ye. Kalinina),
Elevation (Director: M. Ibragimbyekov),
Shabalovka (Director: I. Kvirikadzye),
High-rise (Director: N. Dzhorzhadzye).
2007 Father a.k.a. «Batyushka», 8 episodes (Director V. K. Mischenko)
2006 One Love in a Million a.k.a. «Odna Lyubov na Million» (Director: V. Schegolkov)
2005 Vanechka (Director: Ye. Nikolaeva)
2004 Mirror Wars: First Reflection a.k.a. «Zerkalniye Voyni: Otrazheniye Pyervoye» (Director: V. Chiginsky)
2004 The Narrow Bridge a.k.a. «Uzkiy Most», 4 episodes (Director: O. Basilov)
2004 Countdown a.k.a. «Lichniy Nomyer» (Director: Ye. Lavrentyev)
2003 The Golden Age a.k.a. «Zolotoi Vek»  (Director: I. Khotinyenko)
2003 Dasha Vasileva. Amateur Private Investigator a.k.a. «Dasha Vasileva. Lyubitelnitsa Chastnovo Siska», 15 episodes (Director: A. Matyeshko)
2003 Money a.k.a. «Dengi», 30 episodes (Director: I. Dikhovichny)
2002 On the Corner of Patriarshy -3 a.k.a. «Na Uglu u Patriarshikh-3», 12 episodes (Director: V. Derbenev)
2002 The Impact of the Lotus a.k.a. «Udar Lotusa» (Director: A. Porokhovschikov)
2001 The Kopeck a.k.a. «Kopeyka» (Director: I. Dikhovichny)
2001 Sabina Shpilryan (Director: R. Fayentso)
2000 Temporary Insanity a.k.a. «Affect» (Director F. Kubiyda)
2000 On the Corner of Patriarshy -2 a.k.a. «Na Uglu u Patriarshikh-2», 12 episodes (Director: V. Derbenev)
1999 Work Russian Style a.k.a. «Rabota Po-Russkiy» (Director R. Kopelli)
1997 New Year’s Story a.k.a. «Novogodnaya Istoriya» (Director: A. Baranov)
1996 Shanghai (Director: A. Baranov)
1995 Dead Body a.k.a. «Myortvoye Telo» (Directors: B. Mirza and V. Filimonov)
1994 A Weak Heart a.k.a. «Slaboye Serdtse» (Director: Ye. Shinarbaev)
1993 The Place on the Gray Cocked Hat a.k.a. «Mesto na Seroy Treugolkye» (Director: E. Shinarbaev)
1992 The Inventor of Pharaoh a.k.a. «Izobretatel Faraona», 2 episodes (Director: G. Zemel)
1991 Celebrities on Tudor Street  a.k.a. «Znamenitosti na Tudor Street» (Director: M. Zimin)
1991 Kozi Korpesh I Bayan Sulu, 2 episodes (Director: A. Ashimov)
1990 Kaisar (Director: V. Pusurmanov)
1989 Galoshes a.k.a. «Kaloshi» (Director: M. Vasilyev)
1988 A Wolf-Cub Among the People a.k.a. «Volchonok Sredi Lyudei» (Director: T. Temyonov)
1987 Strange World of Desires and Hopes a.k.a. «Straniy Mir Zhelaniy I Nadezhd» (Director: B. Mustafin)
1986 The Tale of the Beautiful Aysulu a.k.a. «Skazka o prekrasnoy Aysulu», 2 episodes (Directors: V. Chugunov and R. Tazhibaev)
1985 Non-professionals a.k.a. «Nyeprofessionaly» (Director: S. Bodrov)
1984 My Sister Lucy a.k.a. «Syestra Moya Lyusya» (Director: Ye. Shinarbaev)

Author’s work
2008 The Beast from the Bottomless Pit a.k.a. «Zver iz Byezdny» (Director: A. Ivankin)
2007 Hidden Costs or Visitor to a Fairytale a.k.a. «Skritiye Raskhodi» ili «B Gostyakh u Skazki»  (Director: G. Constantinopolsky)
2007 A New Moscow a.k.a. «Novaya Moskva»  (Producer: I. R. Bondaryenko)
2005 Quarantine a.k.a. «Karantin»
2004 Garpastum (Director A. Khamrayev)
2004 Evilenko (Director: David Griko)
2000 Martian Chronicles a.k.a. «Marsiyanskiye Khroniki» (Director: Anton Molok)
1993 The Man Departing a.k.a. «Chelovek Ukhodyaschy» (Director: Ye. Shinarbaev)
1989 Vengeance a.k.a. «Myest» (Director: Ye. Shinarbaev)
1988 Oderzhimiye Tyenyu (Director: S. Babayan)

External links

 Vladimir Trapeznikov in kino-teatr.ru
 Vladimir Trapeznikov in film.ru

Soviet production designers
1956 births
Russian art directors
Academic staff of the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography
Living people


Sing a Happy Song: The Warner Bros. Recordings is an album by American blues artist Taj Mahal.

Track listing
Disc 1
 "You Got It"
 "Freight Train"
 "Baby, You're My Destiny"
 "Sailin' Into Walker's Cay"
 "Truck Driver's Two-Step"
 "The Four Mills Brothers"
 "Honey Babe"
 "Curry"
 "Ain't Gwine Whistle Dixie (Any Mo')"
 "Freight Train"
 "Going Up to the Country, Paint My Mailbox Blue"
 "Blackjack Davy"
 "Truck Driver's Two-Step"
 "Ain't Nobody's Business But My Own"
 "Johnny Too Bad"

Disc 2
 "Love Theme in the Key of D"
 "Funky Butt"
 "Brother's Doin' Time"
 "Night Rider"
 "Free the Brothers"
 "Sentidos Dulce (Sweet Feelings)"
 "The Funeral March"
 "Malcolm's Song"
 "David and Angela"
 "Sing a Happy Song"
 "Queen Bee"
 "Lowdown Showdown"
 "The Most Recent (Evolution) of Muthafusticus Modernusticus"
 "Why You Do Me This Way"
 "Salsa De Laventille"
 "The Big Blues"
 "Highnite"
 "Southbound with the Hammer Down"

References

2001 compilation albums
Taj Mahal (musician) compilation albums


Heinz Verbnjak (born 2 September 1973) from Klagenfurt is an Austrian ski mountaineer.

Verbnjak won several national races and was member of the national team.

Selected results
 2007:
 1st, Hochwurzen-Berglauf
 4th, Sellaronda Skimarathon (together with Martin Echtler)
 6th, Mountain Attack marathon
 2008:
 1st, Knappen-Königs-Trophy, Bischofshofen
 1st, Champ Or Cramp
 2nd, Preberlauf
 3rd, Sellaronda Skimarathon (together with Andreas Ringhofer)
 4th, Mountain Attack marathon
 2009:
 8th, Mountain Attack marathon

External links
 Heinz Verbnjak at skimountaineering.org

References

1973 births
Living people
Austrian male ski mountaineers


Halifax was, from 1894 to 1937, a rural district in the administrative county of Yorkshire, West Riding, England.

The district was created by the Local Government Act 1894 as successor to the Halifax Rural Sanitary District, and was abolished by a county review order under the Local Government Act 1929 in 1937.

Area
The district initially consisted of seven civil parishes surrounding, but not including, the town of Halifax. The district was in four portions, divided from each other by various urban districts and municipal boroughs. In 1899 the parish of Skircoat was absorbed by the County Borough of Halifax, and the rural district consisted of the following parishes until abolition:

References

Districts of England created by the Local Government Act 1894
Rural districts of the West Riding of Yorkshire
Local government in Calderdale


The Vietnam Institute of Archaeology () is an important archaeological institution in Vietnam. It is based in Hanoi. The institute has been responsible for the coordination of many notable archaeological finds in the country.

External links
 Institute of Archaeology

Research institutes in Vietnam
Buildings and structures in Hanoi
Archaeological organizations