In the United States, a Social Security number (SSN) is a nine-digit number issued to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents under section 205(c)(2) of the Social Security Act, codified as . The number is issued to an individual by the Social Security Administration, an independent agency of the United States government. Although the original purpose for the number was for the Social Security Administration to track individuals, the Social Security number has become a de facto national identification number for taxation and other purposes.

A Social Security number may be obtained by applying on Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card.

History

Social Security numbers were first issued by the Social Security Administration in November 1936 as part of the New Deal Social Security program. Within three months, 25 million numbers were issued.

On November 24, 1936, 1,074 of the nation's 45,000 post offices were designated "typing centers" to type up Social Security cards that were then sent to Washington, D.C. On December 1, 1936, as part of the publicity campaign for the new program, Joseph L. Fay of the Social Security Administration selected a record from the top of the first stack of 1,000 records and announced that the first Social Security number in history was assigned to John David Sweeney, Jr., of New Rochelle, New York. However, since the Social Security numbers were not assigned in chronological order, Sweeney did not receive the lowest Social Security number, 001-01-0001. That distinction belongs to Grace D. Owen of Concord, New Hampshire.

Before 1986, people often did not obtain a Social Security number until the age of about 14, since the numbers were used for income tracking purposes, and those under that age seldom had substantial income. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 required parents to list Social Security numbers for each dependent over the age of 5 for whom the parent wanted to claim a tax deduction. Before this act, parents claiming tax deductions were simply trusted not to lie about the number of children they supported. During the first year of the Tax Reform Act, this anti-fraud change resulted in seven million fewer minor dependents being claimed. The disappearance of these dependents is believed to have involved either children who never existed or tax deductions improperly claimed by non-custodial parents. In 1988, the threshold was lowered to two years old, and in 1990, the threshold was lowered yet again to one year old. Today, an SSN is required regardless of the child's age to receive an exemption. Since then, parents have often applied for Social Security numbers for their children soon after birth; today, it can be done on the application for a birth certificate.

Purpose and use

The original purpose of this number was to track individuals' accounts within the Social Security program.  It has since come to be used as an identifier for individuals within the United States, although rare errors occur where duplicates do exist. A few duplications did occur when prenumbered cards were sent out to regional SSA offices and (originally) post offices.

Employee, patient, student, and credit records are sometimes indexed by Social Security number.

The U.S. Armed Forces have used the Social Security number as an identification number for Army and Air Force personnel since July 1, 1969, the Navy and Marine Corps for their personnel since January 1, 1972, and the Coast Guard for their personnel since October 1, 1974. Previously, the United States military used a much more complicated system of service numbers that varied by service.

Beginning in June 2011, the DOD began removing the Social Security number from military identification cards, replacing them with a unique DOD identification number, formally known as the EDIPI.

Non-universal status

Social Security was originally a universal tax, but when Medicare was passed in 1965, objecting religious groups in existence prior to 1951 were allowed to opt out of the system.  Because of this, not every American is part of the Social Security program, and not everyone has a number. However, a Social Security number is required for parents to claim their children as dependents for federal income tax purposes, and the Internal Revenue Service requires all corporations to obtain SSNs (or alternative identifying numbers) from their employees, as described below. The Old Order Amish have fought to prevent universal Social Security by overturning rules such as a requirement to provide a Social Security number for a hunting license.

Social Security cards printed from January 1946 until January 1972 expressly stated that people should not use the number and card for identification. Since nearly everyone in the United States now has an SSN, it became convenient to use it anyway and the message was removed.

Since then, Social Security numbers have become de facto national identification numbers. Although some people do not have an SSN assigned to them, it is becoming increasingly difficult to engage in legitimate financial activities such as applying for a loan or a bank account without one. While the government cannot require an individual to disclose their SSN without a legal basis, companies may refuse to provide service to an individual who does not provide an SSN. The card on which an SSN is issued is still not suitable for primary identification as it has no photograph, no physical description, and no birth date. All it does is confirm that a particular number has been issued to a particular name. Instead, a driver's license or state ID card is used as an identification for adults.

Use required for federal tax purposes

Internal Revenue Code section 6109(d) provides: "The social security account number issued to an individual for purposes of section 205(c)(2)(A) of the Social Security Act [codified as ] shall, except as shall otherwise be specified under regulations of the Secretary [of the Treasury or his delegate], be used as the identifying number for such individual for purposes of this title [the Internal Revenue Code, title 26 of the United States Code]."

The Internal Revenue Code also provides, when required by regulations prescribed by the secretary of the treasury or their delegate:
 Inclusion in returns: Any person required under the authority of this title to make a return, statement, or other document shall include in such return, statement, or other document such identifying number as may be prescribed for securing proper identification of such person.
 Furnishing number to other persons: Any person with respect to whom a return, statement, or other document is required under the authority of this title to be made by another person or whose identifying number is required to be shown on a return of another person shall furnish to such other person such identifying number as may be prescribed for securing their proper identification.

According to U.S. Treasury regulations, any person who, after October 31, 1962, works as an employee for wages subject to Social Security taxes, Medicare taxes, or U.S. federal income tax withholdings is required to apply for "an account number" using Form SS-5.

A taxpayer who is not eligible to have a Social Security number must obtain an alternative Taxpayer Identification Number.

Types of Social Security cards

Four different classifications of Social Security cards are issued. Such cards are issued by geographic location (SSN Area Number) to:

 persons of natural birth within the territorial boundaries of any one of the member States of the United States of America;
 persons who become U.S. citizens by oath, or birth within the exclusive legislative or territorial jurisdiction of the U.S. government;
 persons who become U.S. permanent residents;
 persons with certain restrictions.

There are two restricted types of Social Security cards:
 One reads "not valid for employment." Such cards cannot be used as proof of work authorization, and are not acceptable as a List C document on the I-9 form.
 The other reads "valid for work only with DHS authorization", or the older, "valid for work only with INS authorization."  These cards are issued to people who have temporary work authorization in the U.S from the Department of Homeland Security -- the nation's border agency.  They can satisfy the I-9 requirement, if they are accompanied by a work authorization card.

The cards commonly display the cardholder's name and number.

In 2004 Congress passed The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act; parts of which mandated that the Social Security Administration redesign the SSN card to prevent forgery. From April 2006 through August 2007, the SSA and Government Printing Office (GPO) employees were assigned to redesign the Social Security number card to the specifications of the Interagency Task Force created by the commissioner of Social Security in consultation with the secretary of Homeland Security.

The new SSN card design utilizes both covert and overt security features created by the SSA and GPO design teams.

Identity theft
Many citizens and privacy advocates are concerned about the disclosure and processing of Social Security numbers.  Furthermore, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have demonstrated an algorithm that uses publicly available personal information to reconstruct a given SSN.

The SSN is frequently used by those involved in identity theft. This is because it is interconnected with many other forms of identification and people asking for it treat it as an authenticator. Financial institutions generally require an SSN to set up bank accounts, credit cards, and loans—partly because they assume that no one except the person it was issued to knows it.

Exacerbating the problem of using the Social Security number as an identifier is the fact that the Social Security card contains no biometric identifiers of any sort, making it essentially impossible to tell whether a person using a certain SSN truly belongs to someone without relying on other documentation (which may itself have been falsely procured through use of the fraudulent SSN). Congress has proposed federal laws that restrict the use of SSNs for identification and bans their use for a number of commercial purposes—e.g., rental applications.

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) offers alternatives to SSNs in some places where providing untrusted parties with identification numbers is essential. Tax return preparers must obtain and use a Preparer Tax Identification Number (PTIN) to include on their client's tax returns (as part of signature requirements). Day care services have tax benefits, and even a sole proprietor should give parents an EIN (employer identification number) to use on their tax return.

The Social Security Administration has suggested that, if asked to provide their Social Security number, a citizen should ask which law requires its use. In accordance with §7213 of the 9/11 Commission Implementation Act of 2004 and , the number of replacement Social Security cards per person is generally limited to three per calendar year and ten in a lifetime.

Identity confusion has also occurred because of the use of local Social Security numbers by the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau, whose numbers overlap with those of residents of New Hampshire and Maine.

Similarly, Social Security numbers are often valued information for hackers to gain in attacks such as social engineering attacks, where attackers try and manipulate people into disclosing private information. For example, in the social engineering attack involving Hewlett-Packard, executives hired private investigators to manipulate phone companies into disclosing calling information and social security numbers of employees they suspected were leaking information to the press.

Replacement numbers

A person can request a new Social Security number, but only under certain conditions:

 Where sequential numbers assigned to members of the same family are causing problems.
 In the event of duplicates having been issued.
 In cases where the person has been a victim of domestic violence or harassment, and there is a clear need to change their number for their personal safety.
 When a person has been a victim of identity theft, and his/her Social Security number continues to be problematic.
 Where a person has a demonstrable religious objection to a number (such as certain Christians being averse to the number 666).

For all of these conditions, credible third-party evidence such as a restraining order or police report is required.

Structure

The Social Security number is a nine-digit number in the format "AAA-GG-SSSS". The number has three parts: the first three digits, called the area number because they were formerly assigned by geographical region; the middle two digits, the group number; and the last four digits, the serial number.

On June 25, 2011, the Social Security Administration changed the SSN assignment process to "SSN randomization", which did the  following:

 It eliminated the geographical significance of the first three digits of the SSN (the area number), by ceasing to allocate specific numbers by state for assignment to individuals.
 It eliminated the significance of the highest group number assigned for each area number; the High Group List therefore is frozen in time and can be used for validation of only those SSNs issued before randomization.
 Previously unassigned area numbers have been introduced for assignment, excluding area numbers 000, 666, and 900–999.

Because Individual Taxpayer Identification Numbers (ITINs) are issued by the IRS, they are not affected by this SSA change.

Previous structure
Before randomization, the first three digits, the area numbers, were assigned by geographical region. Before 1973, cards were issued in local Social Security offices around the country, and the area number represented the office that issued the card. This did not have to be in the area where the applicant lived, because one could apply for a card in any Social Security office. Beginning in 1973, when the SSA began assigning SSNs and issuing cards centrally from Baltimore, the area number was assigned according to the ZIP Code of the mailing address on the application for the original Social Security card. The applicant's mailing address did not have to be the same as their place of residence, so the area number did not necessarily represent the applicant's state of residence, regardless of whether the card was issued before or after 1973.

Generally, numbers were assigned beginning in the northeast and moving south and west, so that people applying from addresses on the east coast had the lowest numbers and those on the west coast had the highest numbers. As the areas assigned to a locality were exhausted, new areas from the pool were assigned, so some states had noncontiguous groups of numbers.

The middle two digits, group number, range from 01 to 99. Even before SSN randomization, the group numbers were not assigned consecutively in an area. Instead, for administrative reasons, group numbers were issued in the following order:

  odd numbers from 01 through 09
  even numbers from 10 through 98
  even numbers from 02 through 08
  odd numbers from 11 through 99

Group number 98, for example, would be issued before 11.

The last four digits, serial numbers, were assigned in a straight numerical sequence of digits from 0001 to 9999 within the group.

Valid SSNs

Before June 25, 2011, a valid SSN could not have an area number in the range 734–749, or above 772, the highest area number the Social Security Administration had allocated. Since June 25, 2011, the SSA has assigned SSNs randomly and allowed the assignment of area numbers 734–749 and 773–899.  These are not Taxpayer Identification Numbers (TINs), which include additional area numbers.

Some special numbers are never allocated:
  Numbers with all zeros in any digit group (000-##-####, ###-00-####, ###-##-0000).
  Numbers with 666 or 900–999 (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) in the first digit group.

Until 2011, the SSA published the last group number used for each area number. Because group numbers were allocated in a regular pattern, it was possible to identify an unissued SSN that contained an invalid group number. Now numbers are assigned randomly, and fraudulent SSNs are not easily detectable with publicly available information. Many online services, however, provide SSN validation.

Unlike many similar numbers, Social Security numbers have no check digit.

Exhaustion and re-use

The Social Security Administration does not reuse Social Security numbers. It has issued over 450 million since the start of the program, about 5.5 million per year. It says it has enough to last several generations without reuse and without changing the number of digits. There have been accidental assignments of the same number to more than one person.

SSNs used in advertising

Some SSNs used in advertising have rendered those numbers invalid. One famous instance of this occurred in 1938 when the E. H. Ferree Company in Lockport, New York, decided to promote its product by showing how a Social Security card would fit into its wallets. A sample card, used for display purposes, was placed in each wallet, which was sold by Woolworth and other department stores across the country; the wallet manufacturer's vice president and treasurer Douglas Patterson used the actual SSN of his secretary, Hilda Schrader Whitcher.

Even though the card was printed in red (the real card is printed in blue) and had "specimen" printed across the front, many people used Whitcher's SSN as their own. The Social Security Administration's account of the incident also claims that the fake card was half the size of a real card, despite a miniature card being useless for its purpose and despite  Whitcher's holding two cards of apparently identical size in the accompanying photograph. Over time, the number that appeared (078-05-1120) has been claimed by a total of over 40,000 people as their own. The SSA initiated an advertising campaign stating that it was incorrect to use the number (Hilda Whitcher was issued a new SSN). However, the number was found to be in use by 12 individuals as late as 1977.

More recently, Todd Davis distributed his SSN in advertisements for his company's LifeLock identity theft protection service, which allowed his identity to be stolen over a dozen times.

List of Social Security area numbers
List showing the geographical location of the first three digits of the Social Security numbers assigned in the United States and its territories from 1973 until June 25, 2011. Repeated numbers indicate that they have been transferred to another location or they're shared by more than one location.

On June 25, 2011, the SSA changed the SSN assignment process to "SSN randomization". SSN randomization affects the SSN assignment process. Among its changes, it eliminates the geographical significance of the first three digits of the SSN, previously referred to as the Area Number, by no longer allocating the Area Numbers for assignment to individuals in specific states.

See also

 Death Master File
 National identification number
 National Insurance number (NINO) - UK equivalent
 Personally identifiable information

References

External links
 Social Security Administration
 Social Security Cards Issued by Woolworth: "The most misused SSN of all time was (078-05-1120)."
  (PDF version)

National identification numbers
Social security in the United States
Taxation in the United States
Unique identifiers


Sus is a neighborhood in the Pune Metropolitan Area. It is located in the north-west area of the city. Earlier a small village, Sus is being increasingly urbanized. The neighbourhood falls under the jurisdiction of the Pune Municipal Corporation.

Sus is well connected to important roads. The Deu Road–Katraj bypass is just off Sus, enabling easy connectivity to Pimpri-Chinchwad and the Mumbai–Pune Expressway. The Rajiv Gandhi InfoTech Park in Hinjawadi is about  from Sus, making it a residential preference to people working in the Information Technology industry.

History
Sus is a newly developed location after the expansion of Pune city limits in the late 1990s. Real estate in the area has increased tenfold in the past decade in order to meet the growing demand of residents.

Geography and Climate

Sus lies in a valley and is surrounded by hills both sides. The average elevation of the neighbourhood is . Surrounding hills include the Baner Hill, Pashan Hill, Sutarwadi Hill and the Lavale Hills.

Sus shares the climate of Pune City, with warm summers, moderate rainfall and moderate winters.

Education and Research
Due to the growth in population, many private schools have been set up in Sus and surroundings. Some notable schools include:
Vidya Valley School - ICSE
Tree House High School - ICSE
Apple Blossom Nursery School
Lokseva e-school

A number of colleges have been established in Sus.
Abhinav College of Arts (ACR)
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)
International School of Business and Media (ISBM)
Maharashtra Institute of Technology - School of Distant Learning (MIT-SDL)
Institute of Hospitality Management, Research & Development (IHMRD)
Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT)
Foundation of Liberal and Management Education (FLAME)

Gallery

References

Neighbourhoods in Pune
Villages in Pune district


(Arthur) Stretton Reeve (11 June 1907 – 27 January 1981) was Bishop of Lichfield from 1953 until 1 December 1974.

Early life and education
Born into an ecclesiastical family, son of The Reverend Arthur Reeve and his wife Violet Inez Reeve was educated at Brighton College and Selwyn College, Cambridge. He rowed for the winning Cambridge eight in the 1930 Boat Race.

Ecclesiastical career
Reeve's first post after ordination was as a curate in Putney (1930-32) after which he was Domestic Chaplain to Cyril Garbett as Bishop of Winchester (1932-36).  Subsequently he was Vicar of Highfield, Hampshire (1936-43). From 1943 he was Vicar and Rural Dean of Leeds and an Honorary Canon of Ripon Cathedral (1947-53) before his elevation to the episcopate as Bishop of Lichfield in 1953.

Reeve also served as Chaplain to King George VI from 1945 to 1952 and to Queen Elizabeth II 1952 to 1953.

Retirement
After retirement from the episcopacy Reeve lived at Huntington Green, Ashford Carbonell, Shropshire.

Marriage and children
Reeve married Flora Montgomery McNeill in 1936, by whom he had a son and two daughters.

Notes

1907 births
1981 deaths
People educated at Brighton College
Alumni of Selwyn College, Cambridge
Bishops of Lichfield
20th-century Church of England bishops


Woman Key is an island in the Florida Keys in Monroe County, Florida, United States. It is within the boundaries of the Key West National Wildlife Refuge.

Located in the Outlying Islands of the Florida Keys, Woman Key is in the southern Mule Keys, which are  west of Key West. To its east are Ballast Key (the island farthest south in the area (at 24°31′23.0″N) and Man Key.

Half of the island's south-facing beach, as well as the sand spit on the southeast side, are closed to protect wildlife.

The beach and dunes are nesting sites for loggerhead sea turtles. Several species of wading birds also nest in the area and a large number of shorebirds use the sand spits on the southeast side of the island.

References

Islands of the Florida Keys
Islands of Monroe County, Florida
Beaches of Monroe County, Florida
Beaches of Florida
Islands of Florida


The Fier () is a  long river in the Haute-Savoie and Savoie départements, southeastern France. Its source is at Manigod, in the Aravis Range. It flows generally west. It is a left tributary of the Rhône into which it flows at Seyssel.

Among its tributaries are the Chéran and the Thiou, that drains Lake Annecy.

Départements and communes along its course
This list is ordered from source to mouth:
 Haute-Savoie: Manigod, Les Clefs, Thônes, La Balme-de-Thuy, Alex, Dingy-Saint-Clair, Annecy-le-Vieux, Nâves-Parmelan, Villaz, Argonay, Pringy, Metz-Tessy, Meythet, Annecy, Cran-Gevrier, Poisy, Chavanod, Lovagny, Étercy, Vaulx, Hauteville-sur-Fier, Sales, Vallières, Rumilly, Moye, Lornay, Val-de-Fier,
 Savoie: Motz
 Haute-Savoie: Seyssel

References

Rivers of France
Rivers of Haute-Savoie
Rivers of Savoie
Rivers of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes


Philip Silver (1909–1999), of New York City, was a philatelist who specialized in the field of air mail stamps, known as aerophilately. He studied air mail stamps and postal history, and wrote extensively on the subject.

Philatelic literature
Silver co-authored “Eleanor and Franklin D. Roosevelt Stamps of the World “(1965) with philatelist Jan Bart. He contributed to the Scott's Specialized U.S. Catalogue as well as to the Sanabria Air Mail Catalogue. And, for a number of years, he edited The Aerophilatelists Annals.

Philatelic activity
At the Collectors Club of New York he held every office in the club, including treasurer, secretary, vice president, president, and trustee. He participated in various capacities at numerous philatelic exhibitions, and was also a trustee of the Philatelic Foundation.

Honors and awards
Because of his extensive work in the field of philately and aerophilately, he received considerable recognition. He was presented with the Richard S. Bohn Memorial Award from Aero Philatelists, Inc. in 1965, the Award for Contributions to Aerophilately from the Metropolitan Air Post Society 1971, the Lichtenstein Memorial Award in 1972, the Gatchell Literature Award from AAMS in 1978, and the FISA Medal in 1978. He signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1978 and received the Luff Award for Distinguished Philatelic Research in 1979. He was elected to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 2002.

See also
 Philately
 Philatelic literature

References

1909 births
1999 deaths
Philatelic literature
American philatelists
Writers from New York City
Signatories to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists
American Philatelic Society


Arthur Guy Zajonc ( ; born 11 October 1949, Boston, Massachusetts) is a physicist and the author of several books related to science, mind, and spirit; one of these is based on dialogues about quantum mechanics with the Dalai Lama. Zajonc, professor emeritus at Amherst College as of 2012, has been teaching there since 1978. He has served as the General Secretary of the Anthroposophical Society in America. From January 2012 to June 2015 he was president of the Mind and Life Institute.

Biography
Zajonc received a B.S. in engineering physics from the University of Michigan in 1971. He received an M.S. (1973) and Ph.D. (1976) in physics at the University of Michigan as well. From 1976-1978 he was a research associate at the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics at the University of Colorado and the National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado.

Zajonc became an assistant professor of physics at Amherst College in 1978, and was promoted to associate professor in 1984 and full professor in 1991. In 2006 he became an Andrew W. Mellon Professor at Amherst. He retired from this position in 2011, and is now Andrew W. Mellon Professor Emeritus at Amherst College.

From 1981-82 he was a Visiting Associate Professor of Physics at the École Normale Supérieure at the Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Hertzienne in Paris. In 1984 was a Visiting Research Physicist at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Garching (Munich), Germany with H. Walther. In 1986 he was a visiting scientist at the Institute for Quantum Optics at Leibniz University Hannover in Germany. In 1991 he was a visiting scientist at the Department of Physics at the University of Rochester with L. Mandel. In 1993 he was a Fulbright Professor at the University of Innsbruck, Austria teaching and doing research on the experimental foundations of quantum physics.

Zajonc was the physics department chairman at Amherst College for three different appointments: 1987–1989, 1998–2000, and 2005–present. Later that same year  he was a Scholar-in-Residence at the Fetzer Institute. He was the Senior Program Director of the Fetzer Institute 1995–1997. He was the director for the Academic Program of the Center for Contemplative Mind in Society from 2004 to 2009, and served as Executive Director from 2009 to 2012. In this role, he focused the organization's work on the development and application of contemplative practices within higher education.

Zajonc held a number of dialogues with the Dalai Lama in 1997 which were published in 2004 under his scientific coordination and editorship as Dalai Lama: The New Physics and Cosmology. He was moderator for the 2003 dialogue with the Dalai Lama at MIT.

Other accomplishments
Co-founder of the Kira Institute.
Past president of the Lindisfarne Association.
Co-founder of the Fetzer Institute.

Books

  The first edition of this undergraduate text was published in 1997.

  Edited by Zajonc, this book is based on a series of conversations with the Dalai Lama and several prominent physicists about quantum mechanics.

  See one review by Pamela C. Crosby ()

See also
Anthroposophy
Anthroposophical Society
Contemplation
 Quantum mysticism

References

Anthroposophists
1949 births
Living people
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni


Boca Grande Key is an island in the Florida Keys in Monroe County, Florida, United States. It is within the boundaries of the Key West National Wildlife Refuge. It is  in size.

Located in the Outlying Islands of the Florida Keys, it is the largest and westernmost of the Mule Keys that are 9 miles (15 km) west of Key West.

References

Islands of the Florida Keys
Islands of Monroe County, Florida
Islands of Florida


The Pallone d'Argento – Coppa Giaime Fiumanò (Silver Ball) was an annual award instituted by the Unione Stampa Sportiva Italiana (Italian Sports Press Association) or USSI. It was presented to Serie A players for their talent as well as sporting fairness and moral qualities.

Winners

See also
 Oscar del Calcio

References

External links
 Unione Stampa Sportiva Italiana official website

Association football trophies and awards
European football trophies and awards
Italian football trophies and awards
Serie A players
Sportsmanship trophies and awards
Awards established in 2000
Association football player non-biographical articles


Ana Štajdohar (, ; born November 24, 1979) is a Serbian singer. Began her career as a member of dance-pop group Tap 011, she is recognised for performing on late-night talk show Veče sa Ivanom Ivanovićem.

Life and career
Ana Štajdohar was born on November 24, 1979 in Belgrade to parents of Slovenian descent. While vacationing in Hvar, Croatia with her family when she was only four years old, Štajdohar performed "Julie" by Danijel Popović at his gig to standing ovation from both the crowd and Popović himself. She later started attending Mokranjac Music School and was a soloist to well known children choirs, such as "Kolibri" and "JNA", performing at their annual concerts in Sava Center.

Štajdohar rose to prominence when she joined Tap 011 with Nataša Guberinić as lead singers replacing Goca Tržan and Ivana Peters. With the group she went on to release two studio albums, Čudesna Ploča (Miraculous Record) in 2001 and 5 Element (Fifth Element) the following year. In 2008, Štajdohar alongside Aleksa Jelić appeared on Beovizija music festival with folk-oriented song "Beli jablan" (White Oak) to qualify as Serbia's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest. Although finishing as the runners-up, they were awarded for the best stage performance. Since 2010, Štajdohar has been performing on the late-night talk show Veče sa Ivanom Ivanovićem with her band. She has also served as back vocalist to artist such as Zdravko Čolić, Vlado Georgiev, Nataša Bekvalac and Saša Kovačević

In 2008, Štajdohar graduated in Italian language and literature at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philology. She is married to her band's saxophonist, Nikola Demonja, with whom she has a son and a daughter.

Discography
Singles
 "Beli jablan" (2008); featuring Aleksa Jelić
 "Quiero" (2008); featuring Aleksa Jelić
 "Žute sandale" (2008)
 "Nisam tu" (2010
 "Extra" (2011); featuring Cvija
 "U mraku" (2011)
 "Neko kao ti" (2013)
 "Just To Be With You" (2013)
 "Lilihip" (2015)
 "Samo ti" (2016)
 "Toplo Hladno" (2018)

References

External links
 Ana Štajdohar at MySpace
 Ana Štajdohar Interview

1979 births
Living people
Singers from Belgrade
21st-century Serbian women singers
Serbian pop singers
Sopranos
University of Belgrade Faculty of Philology alumni
Serbian people of Slovenian descent
Beovizija contestants


The New Babylon ( alt. title: ) is a 1929 silent historical drama film written and directed by Grigori Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg. The film deals with the 1871 Paris Commune and the events leading to it, and follows the encounter and tragic fate of two lovers separated by the barricades of the Commune.

Composer Dmitri Shostakovich wrote his first film score for this movie. In the fifth reel of the score he quotes the revolutionary anthem, "La Marseillaise" (representing the Commune), juxtaposed contrapuntally with the famous "Can-can" from Offenbach's Orpheus in the Underworld.

Footage from The New Babylon was included in Guy Debord's feature film The Society of the Spectacle (1973).

Kozintsev and Trauberg found some of their inspiration in Karl Marx's The Civil War in France and The Class Struggle in France, 1848–50.

Background
As one of the directors, Leonid Trauberg, later admitted, the film as it stands is a little difficult to follow. Its subtitle Assault on the Heavens: Episodes from the Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune, 1870–71 makes it fairly obvious that it is a principally a political film, and not a love story. Some background knowledge of the Paris Commune is needed to understand what's going on around the two lovers.
As Fiona Ford remarks, "Both New Babylon and Eisenstein's October are episodic in structure and require an intimate knowledge of their relevant historical periods (the Paris Commune of 1871 in the case of New Babylon) to better appreciate the directors' intentions and often simply to follow the diegesis."

After the disastrous Franco-Prussian war of 1870, the victorious Prussian forces briefly surrounded Paris, cutting it off from the rest of the country, while a civil war was waged between the right-wing bourgeois-backed government backed by the tattered remains of the defeated French army (caps with a regimental number on a light stripe), and the left-wing workers and their National Guard (dark caps). One of the scenes in the film features the old bronze cannons of the National Guard, which had been paid for by public subscription.

The defeated nationalist government fled in disarray to the old royal Palace of Versailles some fifteen miles outside Paris.  The workers took over large areas of central Paris and organised a Commune under the red flag, the world's first attempt at communist government.

Synopsis
The film is set in the spring of 1871 during the time of the Paris Commune, immediately after the end of the Franco-Prussian War. Louise is employed as a salesperson in a wholesale store in Paris named "The New Babylon". She is involved in the Commune, against which Jean, a young man from the countryside with no political affiliations, has to fight as a soldier in the army controlled by the French government. Louise and Jean are in love with each other although they are on opposing sides, but their love has no place in a time of political turmoil. At the end of the film, Jean is ordered to dig a grave for Louise, who has been sentenced to death by the court.

Cast
Arnold Arnold – deputy
Sergei Gerasimov – journalist Loutro
David Gutman – owner of the shop "New Babylon"
Oleg Zhakov – member of the Paris Commune
Yanina Zhejmo – milliner Teresa
Andrei Kostrichkin – bailiff
Elena Kuzmina – saleswoman Louise
Sofiya Magarill – actress
Tamara Makarova – cancan dancer
Vsevolod Pudovkin – bailiff
Lyudmila Semyonova – cancan dancer
Pyotr Sobolevsky – soldier Jean
Eugene Chervyakov – soldier of the national guard

Production
The New Babylon was staged with members of the "Factory of the Eccentric Actor" (FEKS) – an avant-garde artists' association founded by Kozintsev and Trauberg in 1922 that sought to create new paths in the performing arts. FEKS first began as a theater group, but in the following years, many of its members shaped the Russian-Soviet film history when working as actors, outfitters, and cinematographers. They wanted to get away from the naturalism and empathy aesthetics of bourgeois art, and saw Eccentrism (as laid out in Trauberg's Eccentric Manifesto) as a new direction within the avant-garde that sought to find a place between Futurism, Surrealism and Dadaist Constructivism.

FEKS were influenced by street art and their cinematic preference was D. W. Griffith and Chaplin, not German expressionistic cinema of the early 1920s. "Yesterday: salons, obeisances, barons. Today: yells of newsboys, scandals, policeman's truncheon, noise, scream, stomping, running," declared Kosintsev and Trauberg in their Manifesto of the Eccentric Actor.

Like Kosintsev and Trauberg, twenty-two year old Dmitri Shostakovich was a member of the film group of "FEKS", dedicated to the abolition of the borders between theater, film, circus, music hall and opera. In his musical score he used various musical forms: dance and operetta melodies as well as French folk music and revolutionary songs: "Ça ira", "La Carmagnole" and "La Marseillaise"; it served as a leitmotif for the reactionary bourgeoisie and was used in various forms, such as can-can, waltz or gallop.

The score, which bears the Opus number 18, was lost shortly after the premiere, and was only discovered again shortly after Shostakovitch's death in 1975.

The Russian premiere of The New Babylon took place on 18 March 1929 in Leningrad.

The score was of unprecedented complexity, and closely followed the fast cross-cuts of the film. Shostakovich himself performed the original solo piano score for two industry preview screenings. But the Sovkino censors ordered over 20% of the film to be removed, and attempts to re-edit the complex orchestral version of the score proved disastrous, with orchestras struggling to perform it. A copy of the piano score, originally intended for smaller cinemas, was rediscovered, and had its first live public performance on 25 March 2017 at the Barbican Centre in London.

References

Bibliography

External links

1929 films
Soviet black-and-white films
Soviet silent feature films
Films directed by Grigori Kozintsev
Films directed by Leonid Trauberg
Films scored by Dmitri Shostakovich
Films about the Paris Commune
Soviet historical drama films
1920s historical drama films
1929 drama films
Silent historical drama films
1920s Russian-language films


David Ireland (May 9, 1832 – September 10, 1864) was a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Commanding the 137th New York Volunteer Infantry, he played a key defensive role on Culp's Hill in the Battle of Gettysburg.

Early life
Ireland was born on May 9, 1832, in Forfar, Scotland. His family emigrated to New York in 1840. David was apprenticed to his father Charles, a tailor in New York City. In 1858 he joined a regiment of militia, the 79th Cameron Highlanders, officially recognized by New York State on June 9, 1859. Listed in the 1860 census as "Clerk in Express", living at Washington and Gansevoort Street in lower Manhattan. Ireland was named Adjutant of the 79th NY, serving under Col. James Cameron. The regiment was mustered into Federal Service on May 29, 1861, keeping their designation of 79th New York Volunteers.

Civil War
As lieutenant and adjutant of the 79th New York Volunteer Infantry, he fought with the regiment in W. T. Sherman's Third Brigade in the First Battle of Bull Run. With James Cameron killed in action, and many of the unit's officers resigning, a number of the men mutinied. Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan put down the mutiny and took away the unit colors. Command of the 79th New York Infantry fell to Ireland. On September 11, 1861, he led the regiment in an ambush of Confederate troops at Lewinsville, near Falls Church, Virginia. In recognition of this victory, Gen. McClellan restored the regiment's colors, and promoted Ireland to captain, 15th U.S. Infantry, a regular army regiment. He was transferred to Newport Barracks, to train new regiments for Gen. Sherman's Department of the Ohio. In December, he was ordered back to New York to recruit for the 15th U.S. Infantry, first in New York City in January, then in upstate New York, based in Binghamton, where he had rail and canal access to the surrounding counties.

Ireland was the mustering officer for new regiments training in Binghamton in the summer of 1862. Recruiting for the new regiment designated the 137th New York Infantry, he was appointed as colonel of the regiment by the governor, citing his "military experience and ability"—"we know him to be a kind and gentlemanly officer and a brave soldier". Ireland trained his new regiment rigorously at Camp Susquehanna in Binghamton. The 137th New York left by train for Washington, D.C., on September 27, 1862.

From Washington, Ireland and his regiment were sent directly to join McClellan's Army of the Potomac, in camp near Frederick, Maryland, after the Battle of Antietam. The 137th New York was assigned to XII Corps, then led by Brig. Gen. Alpheus Williams. The corps was part of the reserve at the time of the Battle of Fredericksburg and remained so to the end of 1862.

Led by Ireland, the regiment made several forays from its camp (at Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry) into northern Virginia in late 1862. Its first major combat service was in the 3rd Brigade, commanded by Brig. Gen. George S. Greene, in 2nd Division, XII Corps, at the Battle of Chancellorsville. During the Battle of Gettysburg, Ireland's regiment was at the far right of the Union line, defending the trenches on Culp's Hill on July 2, 1863. They withstood numerous attacks by the superior Confederate forces of Maj. Gen. Edward "Allegheny" Johnson, holding a vital position. Units from other Union corps aided Ireland's regiment, but it retained its dangerous post until after the last Confederate assault on July 2, after 10 p.m. The battle that night ended when the 137th New York made two bayonet charges, stopping the Confederate advance. Regimental losses were reported as 40 killed, 87 wounded, and 10 missing, including 4 officers dead.

In the fall of 1863, the XII Corps was sent to relieve the besieged Union army at Chattanooga, Tennessee. When Greene was wounded at the Battle of Wauhatchie, Ireland succeeded to command of his brigade. Ireland's brigade served under Brig. Gen. John W. Geary in Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker's attack during the Battle of Lookout Mountain of the Chattanooga Campaign. During the pursuit of the Confederate Army of Tennessee, Ireland's brigade attacked Maj. Gen. Patrick Cleburne's position during the Battle of Ringgold Gap, completing the expulsion of the Confederates into north Georgia for the winter.

When the XI Corps and XII Corps were combined into the XX Corps, Ireland retained command of 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division under Brig. Gen. Geary. On May 15, 1864, Ireland was wounded by a shell fragment at the Battle of Resaca. Col. George A. Cobham, Jr., succeeded temporarily to command of the brigade.

Ireland returned to his brigade on June 6, 1864, and served until his health gave out on September 9. Thus he was back in command at the crossing of Peachtree Creak on July 19, 1864; 269-270. and he led the brigade at Battle of Peachtree Creek, in which Col. Cobham was killed. After leading his brigade into Atlanta on Sep. 2, 1864, Ireland fell ill with dysentery, dying on September 10. His passing was noted with regret by Maj. Gen. Geary in his report on the Atlanta Campaign. Col. Ireland's fellow officers, meeting on September 10, expressed their regret for "his untimely death, as it were, "On the field of his fame and glory".

Ireland is buried in Binghamton at Spring Forest Cemetery. The Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War named Camp 137 in Binghamton the Col. David Ireland Camp. On August 26, 1863, Ireland had married Sara Phelps in Binghamton. They had no children.

References
 Dyer, Frederick H., A Compendium of the War of Rebellion: Compiled and Arranged From Official Records of the Federal and Confederate Armies, Reports of the Adjutant Generals of the Several States, The Army Registers and Other Reliable Documents and Sources, Des Moines, Iowa: Dyer Publishing, 1908 (reprinted by Morningside Books, 1978), .
 Jorgensen, Jay, "Holding the Right: The 137th New York Regiment at Gettysburg," Gettysburg Magazine, issue 15.
 Pfanz, Harry W., Gettysburg: Culp's Hill and Cemetery Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1993, .
 U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.
 137th Regiment Infantry Historical Sketch by Surgeon John M. Farrington (Albany: Published by the State of New York, 1902). [copy at the American Antiquarian Society]
Cleutz, David, "Fields of Fame and Glory - Col. David Ireland and the 137th New York Volunteers", XLibris, 2010,

Notes

External links
 Finding Aid to the David Ireland Papers, 1860-1864, New York State Library, accessed January 4, 2016

1832 births
1864 deaths
Military personnel from New York City
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
Scottish emigrants to the United States
Union Army colonels
People from Binghamton, New York
Deaths from dysentery


Remio Best is the first compilation album by Japanese band Remioromen, also their first on Oorong Records. It was released March 9, 2009, and debuted #1 on Japanese Oricon Album Weekly Chart, selling 280,599 copies in its first week, becoming their second #1 album on this chart following Horizon.

Track listing

Chart positions
Oricon Sales Chart (Japan)

References
Oricon Style
Remioromen's official website

Remioromen albums
2009 greatest hits albums
Avex Group albums


Little Mullet Key is an island in the Florida Keys in Monroe County, Florida, United States. It is within the boundaries of the Key West National Wildlife Refuge.

Located in the Outlying Islands of the Florida Keys, it is in the northern Mule Keys that are 9 miles (15 km) west of Key West.

References

Islands of the Florida Keys
Islands of Monroe County, Florida
Islands of Florida


Peter Pierre Childs (November 15, 1871 – February 15, 1922) was an infielder in Major League Baseball in 1901 and 1902. He played for the St. Louis Cardinals, Chicago Orphans, and the Philadelphia Phillies.

References

External links

Chicago Orphans players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Philadelphia Phillies players
1871 births
1922 deaths
Major League Baseball second basemen
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Minor league baseball managers
Philadelphia Colts players
Harrisburg Senators players
Hazleton Quay-kers players
Philadelphia Athletics (minor league) players
Hartford Cooperatives players
Reading Coal Heavers players
Bristol Bell Makers players
Utica Reds players
Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
Toledo Mud Hens players
Amsterdam-Gloversville-Johnstown Hyphens players
Amsterdam-Gloversville-Johnstown Jags players
Greenville Spinners players
Portsmouth Cobblers players


Thomas Deacon (1868 – 21 July 1921) was a Welsh international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Swansea and international rugby for Wales

Rugby career
Swansea born Deacon began his career with Morriston before switching to Swansea in 1890.  The next season, he was selected to represent the Wales national team against Ireland in the 1891 Home Nations Championship. Deacon was one of four new Welsh players brought into the pack for the match, including Swansea teammates David and John Samuel, following losses in the first two matches of the tournament against England and Scotland. Played at Stradey Park and led by Llanelli's Willie Thomas, Wales beat the Irish 6–4, but this match was Deacon's only international win of his career.

Deacon was reselected to play in all three matches of the 1892 Championship, now under the captaincy of Newport legend Arthur 'Monkey' Gould. Although the pack now contained the likes of Wallace Watts and Arthur Boucher the team failed to win a single match of the competition, though the selectors kept faith with the majority of the pack throughout. The next season the 1892 pack was reselected almost en masse, Deacon being the only obvious omission, his Wales career was over.

International matches played
Wales
 1891
 1891
 1891, 1892

Bibliography

References

Welsh rugby union players
Wales international rugby union players
Rugby union forwards
Rugby union players from Swansea
Swansea RFC players
1868 births
1921 deaths


Detmold is a city in Germany.

Detmold may also refer to:

 Detmold (region) in Germany
 Detmold, Maryland, a location in the United States
 Detmold (packaging), an Australian packaging company
 Detmold (surname)

See also
Detmold child, a mummy of a child found in Peru now held at Lippisches Land Museum in Detmold, Germany


Joseph Hardcastle may refer to:
 Joseph Hardcastle (1752–1819), English merchant and a founder of The Missionary Society
 Joseph Hardcastle (politician), British Liberal Party MP
 Joseph Alfred Hardcastle, FRAS (1868–1917), grandson of Joseph Hardcastle (politician) and Sir John Herschel appointed Director of Armagh Observatory just before his death
 Joseph Hardcastle (accountant) (died 1906), American Certified Public Accountant


Air Commodore Richard John Atkinson,  (born c. 1964), is a senior Royal Air Force officer and former Air Officer Scotland.

RAF career
Atkinson joined the Royal Air Force in 1982. He was appointed Officer Commanding No. 25 (Fighter) Squadron at RAF Leeming in 2003, Deputy Director, Strategic Planning in the Ministry of Defence in 2005 and was then deployed as Deputy Director, Air Control Element, Headquarters International Security Assistance Force, Kabul in 2008. He became Officer Commanding No 125 Expeditionary Air Wing as well as Air Officer Scotland and Station Commander RAF Leuchars in 2009 and, in that role, led the transformation of RAF Leuchars from being a Tornado base into a Typhoon base before retiring in 2011.

Atkinson was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours.

After retiring from the RAF, he became Director of Marketing And Communication at the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport.

References

|-

|-

|-

Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Royal Air Force air commodores
Royal Air Force personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Living people
1960s births
Year of birth uncertain


Big Mullet Key is an island in the Florida Keys in Monroe County, Florida, United States. It is within the boundaries of the Key West National Wildlife Refuge.

Located in the Outlying Islands of the Florida Keys, it is in the northern Mule Keys that are 9 miles (15 km) west of Key West.

References

Islands of the Florida Keys
Islands of Monroe County, Florida
Islands of Florida


Cottrell Key is an island in the Florida Keys in Monroe County, Florida, United States. It is within the boundaries of the Key West National Wildlife Refuge.

Located in the Outlying Islands of the Florida Keys, it is the northernmost of the Mule Keys that are 9 miles (15 km) west of Key West.

It is named for Captain Jeremiah Cottrell, who was the captain of a lightship that was anchored at the key in the early 19th century.

References

Islands of the Florida Keys
Islands of Monroe County, Florida
Islands of Florida


"Poovukkul" is a song, sung in Tamil, featured in the 1998 Tamil film Jeans. The song was written by the film's noted musical duo, composer A. R. Rahman and lyricist Vairamuthu. Tamil and Telugu version of this song was performed by P. Unnikrishnan and Sujatha Mohan,  while Hariharan and Sadhana Sargam sung the Hindi version.

Set in six countries, the music video of "Poovukkul" features Tamil actor Prashanth and actress Aishwarya Rai, a previous Miss World winner. The lyrics of the song compare Rai as a wonder of the world, citing that she is the "eighth wonder of the world". The song was dubbed in Telugu and Hindi as "Poovullo Daagunna" and "Ajooba", respectively. Hindi lyrics was penned by Javed Akhter.  Telugu lyrics was penned by A. M. Rathnam and Sivaganesh.

Production
The team for the song visited several countries to picturize the song "Poovukul", which featured scenes with seven famous buildings, dubbing Aishwarya Rai as the "eighth wonder of the world". Shankar admitted that due to no real list being present, thought had been put into which wonders were selected. The team made a thirty-day trip around the world stopping to can scenes at the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the Colosseum, the Empire State Building, the Great Wall of China, the Taj Mahal, the Egyptian pyramids, and the Eiffel Tower. The death of Princess Diana had delayed filming in France for the Paris schedule. The costumes for the song were designed by Aneez Jeeva and Anu Parthasarathy.

The first part of the song was shot in Paris, France. Later filming moved to Rome and Pisa in Italy. Thirdly in New York City, United States, then to Giza, Egypt, and on to Great Wall of China and lastly at Taj Mahal in India. For the most part, Jeans was surrounded by world events of varying sorts and for Shankar, the cast and crew of the film described the experiences as "tremendously vivid and memorable".

References

1998 songs
Indian songs
Tamil film songs
Songs written for films
Songs in Tamil
Songs with music by A. R. Rahman
Songs with lyrics by Vairamuthu


Kuno or KUNO may refer to:

Broadcasting
KUNO (AM), a radio station (1400 AM) licensed to Corpus Christi, Texas, United States
KUNO-TV, the former call letters of current television station, KQSL (channel 8) licensed to Fort Bragg, California, United States

Places
Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh, India

Electronics
KUNO branded Android tablets made for the education market.

People
Given name
 Kuno (given name)

Surname
Ayaka Kuno (born 1987), Japanese sprint canoer
Hisashi Kuno (1910–1969), Japanese geologist
Junya Kuno (born 1988), Japanese football player
Katsura Kuno
Makiko Kuno (born 1967), Japanese actress
Misaki Kuno (born 1993), Japanese actress and voice actress
Seiichi Kuno (1887–1962), Japanese military commander
Susumu Kuno (born 1933), Japanese linguist
Tomoaki Kuno (born 1973), Japanese football player

Fictional characters
Yoko Kuno from All About Lily Chou-Chou
from Ranma ½ ():
Tatewaki Kuno
Kodachi Kuno
Principal Kuno
Kuno from "The Machine Stops", E.M.Forster

Other
 Kuno (dog) a recipient of the Dickin Medal

Japanese-language surnames


Neale Ronald Burgess (born 17 August 1956) is an Australian politician. He was a Liberal Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 2006 to 2022, representing the electorate of Hastings.

Political career
Burgess first ran as the Liberal Party candidate for Hastings in the 2002 Victorian state election but lost the seat in the Labor ‘Brackslide’ to Labor’s Rosy Buchanan. Burgess ran again for the Liberals at the 2006 state election, and succeeded in winning back the traditionally conservative district for the Liberal Party. He later held the seat at the 2010, 2014 and 2018 state elections.

Burgess voted against the Abortion Law Reform Bill 2008, and later voted for banning anti-abortion protesters from protesting outside abortion clinics.  In May 2018, he revealed he had changed his mind on the issue and now opposed buffer zones.

In June 2022, Burgess received a parliamentary suspension following several allegations of inappropriate behaviour beginning in November 2021. Burgess strongly denies the allegations.

In November 2021, Burgess announced he would not recontest Hastings at the 2022 state election, and was succeeded by Labor's Paul Mercurio.

Personal life
Burgess was born in Melbourne and grew up in Tocumwal. He is the father of three children.
In 1994, Burgess completed a Bachelor of Laws (with Honours) at the Queensland University of Technology, and was later admitted to the Bar.  He worked for a number of years as a criminal law barrister.  He operated a technology consulting business before entering politics.

References

External links
 Parliamentary voting record of Neale Burgess at Victorian Parliament Tracker

1956 births
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Victoria
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Living people
Queensland University of Technology alumni
21st-century Australian politicians
New South Wales politicians


John Sewell (born 1940) is a Canadian political activist and writer; mayor of Toronto, 1978–1980.

John Sewell may also refer to:
John Sewell (athlete) (1882–1947), Scottish tug of war competitor
John Sewell (Miami) (1867–1938), third Mayor of Miami, Florida
John Sewell (footballer) (born 1936), English footballer who played during the 1970s
John Sewell (cricketer) (1844–1897), English cricketer
John Sewell (publisher) (1735–1802), English bookseller, printer, and publisher of European Magazine
Jackie Sewell (1927–2016), English footballer
Jack Sewell (rugby league) (1926–1955), rugby league footballer of the 1940s and 1950s

See also
John Sewel, Baron Sewel (born 1946), British academic and politician
Jack Sewell (Frederic John Sewell, 1913–2000), English cricketer of the 1930s


The Wellness Community (TWC) is an international, non-profit organization that provides support and education to people with cancer and those who care for them. It was founded in Santa Monica in 1982 by Harold Benjamin, his wife Harriet Benjamin and Shannon McGowan. In addition to providing support groups, education and other programs, TWC conducts research to quantify and document the benefits of psychosocial support for people with cancer.  Research is done in collaboration with Catholic University, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Rutgers University, Stanford University, University of California, Los Angeles, and University of California, San Francisco.  In 2009, it merged with Gilda's Club to form the Cancer Support Community.

References

 Wall Street Journal, Laura Landro "Cancer Patients Find Support" Wednesday, November 27, 2007.
 Institute of Medicine, "Cancer Care for the Whole Patient: Meeting the Psychosocial Needs" http://www.iom.edu/?id=47228

External links

Cancer organizations based in the United States
Medical and health organizations based in California


Michael Gross is a  television editor, writer, producer and director. He lives and works in Seattle, Washington. He has worked on a number of television programs, including Bill Nye the Science Guy, Beakman's World, Adventure Divas, and Bands Reunited. Gross has won nine Daytime Emmy Awards.

References

Daytime Emmy Award winners
Living people
American television editors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
People from Seattle


Saint-Martin is a parish municipality in the Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. Its population is 2,588 as of the Canada 2021 Census. It is named after Martin of Tours.

Demographics

Population
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Saint-Martin had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

Population trend:

Language
Mother tongue language (2021)

References

Parish municipalities in Quebec
Incorporated places in Chaudière-Appalaches


Wirral District Football Association (WDFA) is the organisation responsible for Association football in and around the Wirral Peninsula. It is affiliated to the Cheshire County Association, which in turn is affiliated to the Football Association.

Competitions

Leagues

 Birkenhead & Wirral League (defunct)
 Birkenhead Sunday League
 Eastham & District Junior League
 Ellesmere Port Junior Sunday League
 Ellesmere Port Senior Sunday League
 Wallasey Junior Football League
 Wallasey Sunday League
 West Cheshire League
 Wirral Sunday League (defunct)

Cups

 Senior Cup
 Amateur Cup
 Junior Cup
 Premier Cup
 Sunday Amateur
 Sunday Junior Cup
 Under 18s Youth Cup
 Under 16s Youth Cup
 Under 14s Minor Cup
 Under 12s Minor 'B' Cup

External links
 www.wirraldistrictfa.com

Sport in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral


Augustus Legge (28 November 183915 March 1913) was Bishop of Lichfield from 1891 until 1913.

Family and education
Legge was the third son of William Legge, 4th Earl of Dartmouth, by his second wife Frances, daughter of George Barrington, 5th Viscount Barrington. William Legge, 5th Earl of Dartmouth, was his half-brother and Heneage Legge his full brother. He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford. He married Fanny Louisa, daughter of William Bruce Stopford Sackville, in 1877. They had several children. Fanny died in December 1911. Legge survived her by two years and died in March 1913, aged 73.

Career
Ordained in 1864, he served curacies at Handsworth, Staffordshire (1864–1866) — where his family owned land — and afterwards at St Mary's, Bryanston Square (1866–1867). His brother (by then Earl of Dartmouth, and patron of the church) presented him to become Vicar of St Bartholomew's, Sydenham (1867–1879); he became additionally domestic chaplain to Anthony Thorold, Bishop of Rochester, and an honorary canon of Rochester Cathedral (1877–1891); he succeeded his uncle (Henry Legge) as Vicar of St Mary's, Lewisham (1879–1891) — where his brother was lord of the manor; and served additionally as Rural Dean of Greenwich (1880–1886); and of Lewisham (1886–1891) before his appointment to the episcopate: his election to the See of Lichfield was confirmed at St Mary-le-Bow on 28 September and he was consecrated a bishop at St Paul's Cathedral on 29 September 1891, by Edward Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury. From 1873 to 1876 he was a member of the London School Board, representing the Greenwich Division.

References

1839 births
1913 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Bishops of Lichfield
19th-century Church of England bishops
20th-century Church of England bishops
Younger sons of earls
Augustus
Members of the London School Board


The Netherlands India Chamber of Commerce & Trade (NICCT) is a non-commercial, voluntary association of business concerns and professionals with an interest in business and economic relations between India and The Netherlands. It came into being in 2003 as a result of the merger between the India Trade Council and the Indo Dutch Chamber of Commerce, both of which had functioned in The Netherlands for many years and had similar objectives & activities.

The basic objective of the NICCT is to promote business and economic relations between India and The Netherlands to the mutual benefit of both the countries. The economies of the two countries are mutually complementary in many ways and there is a significant scope for expansion of trade and business relations between these two countries. Knowledge and understanding of business environments in the two countries is a prerequisite for expanding business relationship between them. The NICCT endeavours to play a significant role in expanding this knowledge and in creating favourable climate for further improvement of business relations between these countries.

The membership of the NICCT is growing rapidly. Currently more than 100 Dutch companies including major banks, insurance companies, IT related companies and multinationals are members of the NICCT and are participating actively in its activities.

Objectives

The primary objective of the NICCT is to promote business and economic relations between India and The Netherlands to the mutual benefit of both countries. The economies of both countries are mutually complementary in many ways and there is a significant scope for expansions of trade and business relations.

Knowledge and understanding of both countries’ business environments is a prerequisite for expanding business relationships between them. The NICCT endeavours to play a significant role in expanding this knowledge and creating a favourable climate for further improvement of business relations between these two countries.

To achieve these objectives, the NICCT serves as a focal point for contacts and information concerning Indo-Dutch trade and business relations, whereby it aims to represent, promote, and protect the common interest of its members. The NICCT also strives towards progressive liberalisation, reduction, and eventual elimination of tariffs & restrictions on trade between both countries.

As such, the NICCT provides an active platform, initiating many opportunities for networking on economic relations between India & the Netherlands.

Activities

The NICCT is a very dynamic binational chamber of commerce in The Netherlands. It organizes many kinds of activities to promote business and economic relations between India and The Netherlands. Its activities include match making trade missions to India, receiving trade delegations from India, seminars and net working receptions. In case you wish to know more about our past and future events, please check the website: www.nicct.nl/events/

On February 6–7, 2007, the NICCT in cooperation with the Foundation for Critical Choices for India and the Netherlands Water Partnership (NWP) organized a seminar on "Water Management in India and the Role of Dutch Technology. This has resulted in the creation of India Netherlands Water Platform to stimulate cooperation between India and The Netherlands in the development of India's water resources.

Since its inception in 2003, the NICCT has organized many pioneering activities:

 In the first year of its existence the NICCT highlighted the visa problems for Indian knowledge workers and businessmen coming to the Netherlands by bringing together on a common platform all the stakeholders for an open discussion. That has contributed to the easing of visa problems for Indian knowledge workers.
 In the same year 2003, the NICCT organized first major seminar in The Netherlands on ICT related services from India. Since then there is an increasing recognition in The Netherlands about India's potential in this important field and opportunities for Dutch business concerns.
 In 2004 the NICCT organized the first privately funded Match Making Trade Mission to India. This Mission has contributed to the establishment of new Dutch business concerns/joint ventures in India. It led to the contacts which have contributed to the IIFA Awards being held in Amsterdam in June 2005. It has also encouraged other Dutch organizations to send similar trade missions to India.
 In 2006, the NICCT joined hands with the ING Banking & Insurance Group and KPMG, in organizing a major seminar on ‘Investing in India Opportunities & Challenges. This seminar has stimulated further Dutch interest in doing business with India.
 In January 2007, the NICCT has initiated a new series of annual lectures on "Prospects for Growing Indian Economy & Its Relevance for Europe. The first lecture under this series was given by the Chief Economist of the ING Banking and Insurance Group, Mr. Mark Cliffe.
 On 25 June 2007 the NICCT and Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) organized a seminar on "Collaborative Innovations: New Generation Cooperation between India & The Netherlands.
 On 20 November 2008 the NICCT organized the largest business delegation from India ever in the Netherlands. This event involved Indian Finance Minister Palaniappan Chidambaram and Foreign Trade Minister Frank Heemskerk of the Netherlands.
 On 3 June 2009 the NICCT organized in cooperation with the International Association for Human Values a Symposium on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The purpose of the Symposium was to bring together members of the Dutch business community, specially the members of the NICCT, on a common platform to discuss the role of CSR in the current business environment. H.H. Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, the Founder of the International Association for Human Values & the Art of Living Foundation also participated as speaker.
 On 8 June 2009 the NICCT organized Meet the Distinguished CEO, with Mr. Subramaniam Ramadorai, CEO of Tata Consultancy Services, at KPMG in Amstelveen. Mr. Ramadorai, addressed the audience and talked about his experiences & vision as an IT entrepreneur. After this presentation Mr. Ramadorai answered questions from the audience.
 On 24 September 2009 the NICCT handed out the first NICCT India Trade Award at the ING House in Amsterdam. The company Hyva Group was awarded this prestigious prize after the jury had unanimously voted for the company out of a total of 14 candidates. The company Rag Bag received an honorable mention.
 On 2 December 2009 the NICCT organized Meet the Distinguished CEO, with Mr. Jan Hommen, CEO of ING at the Beurs van Berlage in Amsterdam. Mr. Hommen agreed to talk on ‘The Global Financial Crisis; Causes, Consequences, Cures; and answered questions on the ING strategy with regards to India and his own views on the country and the financial crisis.

Board
2023
 Mrs. Edith Nordmann (Owner ACG International - Chairman NICCT (2018-present)
 Mr. Sudip Lahiri (HCL Netherlands B.V. - Vice President NICCT)
 Mr. Rajiv Mehra (Owner Mehra Holding B.V., Executive VP, Programs - Events, NICCT India)
 Mr. Anand Bhugra (IQEQ - VP Finance NICCT)
 Mrs. Vidhya Sampath (Tata Consultancy Services, VP Programs and Liaison to the Advisory Board NICCT)
 Mr. Drs. Elbert Waller (KPMG Meijburg, VP Networking NICCT)
 Mr. Jelke Schippers (Owner Smartshore, Board member NICCT)
 Mr. Erwin Sieders (EY Netherlands, Board member NICCT)

2018

 Mrs. Edith Nordmann (Owner ACG International - Chairman NICCT (2018-present)
 Mr. Sudip Lahiri (HCL Netherlands B.V. - Vice President NICCT)
 Mr. Rajiv Mehra (Owner Mehra Holding B.V., Executive VP, Programs - Events, NICCT India)
 Mrs. Namita Krul - Taneja (Owner Meri Body - VP Finance NICCT)
 Mrs. Vidhya Sampath (Tata Consultancy Services, VP Programs and Liaison to the Advisory Board NICCT)
 Mr. Drs. Elbert Waller (KPMG Meijburg, VP Networking NICCT)
 Mr. Jelke Schippers (Owner Smartshore, Board member NICCT)
 Mr. Erwin Sieders (EY Netherlands, Board member NICCT)

2017

 Mr. Ryan Tewari (Mahler Fund Management B.V.) - Chairman (2017–2018)
 Mr. Elbert Waller (KPMG Holding N.V.) - Vice President Finance
 Mr. Toon Laurensse (Dutch Business Partners B.V.)
 Mr. Rajiv R. Mehra (Hotel Wilhelmina B.V.) (2003–present)
 Mrs. Vidhya Sampath (Tata Consultancy Services Netherlands B.V.)
 Mr. Sudip Lahiri (HCL Netherlands B.V.)

Secretary
 Ms. Patricia Christina de Bordes - Project Manager / Executive Secretary NICCT (2014–1 November 2016, October 2018-present)
 Mr. Ward Massa  - Project Manager / Secretary NICCT (2012–2014)
 Mr. Jack Mazor - Project Manager / Secretary NICCT (2007–2009)
 Mr. Gerwin de Boer (NCH) - Project Manager / Secretary NICCT (2009–2011)

Honorary members

 Mr. Ram L. Lakhina (Lakhina Enterprises B.V.) - Founder and Chairman Emeritus; former Chairman (2010–2015; former Executive President 2003-2010)
 Mr. Eric Niehe (Former Dutch Ambassador to India)
 Mr. Gopal Ramanathan (Retired, Partner en Global Head of Transaction Services van KPMG)

Former members

 Mr. Ram L. Lakhina (Lakhina Enterprises B.V.) - Founder and Chairman Emeritus; former Chairman (2010–2015; former Executive President 2003-2010)
 Mr. Dick Bleyerveld (DHV B.V.)
 Mr. Rattan Chadha (Mexx Europe B.V.)
 Mr. Chris Daaleman (Tybex-Doco B.V.)
 Mr. Arnold Galavazi (DHV B.V.)
 Mr. Rutger Koopmans (ING N.V.) - Chairman (2005–2008)
 Mr. Frank Koster (ING N.V.) - Chairman (2009–2010)
 Mr. Ram Sand (IEH Group B.V.)
 Mr. Jan Peter Schmittmann (ABN AMRO Bank N.V.) - Chairman (2003–2005)
 Mr. André van der Valk (Avimac Consultants)
 Mr. Peter Staal (ING N.V.) - Executive Vice President
 Mr. Bob Bakker (DHV B.V.) - Project Director Water Treatment
 Mr. Oedith Jaharia (Dutch Haryana Business Consortium B.V.)
 Mrs. Monique Mulder (Logica PLC)
 Mr. Jeroen Muste (PriceWaterhouseCoopers N.V.)

References
 http://www.evd.nl/zoeken/showbouwsteen.asp?bstnum=48605&location
 http://www.indiawijzer.nl/business_and_india/business_info/den_haag/den_haag_nicct.htm
 http://www.netherlandsindiabusinessmeet.nl
 http://www.rutgerkoopmans.nl/pg-16605-7-18615/pagina/voordrachtnch-nicct-3mei05.html

External links
NICCT
NFIA India Office
NCH
EVD

Chambers of commerce in India
India–Netherlands relations
Foreign trade of India
Foreign trade of the Netherlands


The Children Thief () is a 1991 French drama film directed by Christian de Chalonge.

Cast
 Marcello Mastroianni - Bigua
 Ángela Molina - Desposoria
 Michel Piccoli - M. Armand
 Nada Strancar - Rose
 Cécile Pallas - Mère d'Antoine
 Virginie Ledoyen - Gabrielle
 Loïc Even - Joseph
 Caspar Salmon - Antoine
 Benjamin Doat - Benjamin
 Nicolas Carré - Nicolas
 Adrien Canivet - René
 Mathieu Bisson - Simon
 Nathanaël De Vries - Enfant melo
 Daniel Martin
 Gabriele Tinti - L'Argentin

References

External links

1991 films
French drama films
1990s French-language films
1991 drama films
Films directed by Christian de Chalonge
1990s French films


Jordahl is a Norwegian family name that could refer to:
Asbjørn Jordahl, a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party
Anders Jordahl, developer of the C-shaped rail, the first anchor channel
Russell N. Jordahl, Brigadier general in the Marine Corps
V. Trygve Jordahl, an Evangelical Lutheran Church (ELC) District President/Bishop, U.S. Army Chaplain, and Director of Service to Military Personnel (ELC)
a female character in the Magni (Marvel Comics), adapted from the original Magni series about Norse mythology by Dan Jurgens
an elementary school in Fountain, Colorado

See also
 Jordal - city near Oslo, Norway
 Jordalsgrenda


Mark Andrus (born December 13, 1955)  is an American screenwriter.

After receiving a Master of Business Administration from UC Riverside, Andrus decided to take a creative writing class while waiting to hear from the law schools to which he had applied. Impressed by his work, instructor Tomás Rivera encouraged him to enroll in the Master of Professional Writing Program at the University of Southern California. Andrus later joined Castle Rock Entertainment, where he received his first screen credit for the 1991 romantic fantasy Late for Dinner.

Shortly after, Andrus wrote Old Friends, a screenplay about the vilest man in New York City and his gay neighbor. Initially Kevin Kline, Ralph Fiennes, Holly Hunter, and producer Laura Ziskin expressed interest, but after many meetings the project fell into limbo for three years until James L. Brooks became involved. The two collaborated on a rewrite that became As Good as It Gets, which won the duo the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay and the Southeastern Film Critics Association Award for Best Original Screenplay. The two also shared nominations for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and the Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay.

Andrus also wrote the original scripts Life as a House and Georgia Rule, which won him and director Garry Marshall the Entertainment Industries Council PRISM Award for Best Feature Film, and the adaptation of Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood.

Andrus lives in San Juan Capistrano, California.

Filmography
 Late for Dinner (1991)
 As Good as it Gets (1997)
 Life as a House (2001)
 Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (adaptation) (2002)
 Georgia Rule (2007)
 And So It Goes (2014)
 Otherhood (2019)

References

External links

American male screenwriters
Writers Guild of America Award winners
Living people
1955 births
University of California, Riverside alumni
University of Southern California alumni
Screenwriters from Los Angeles


Daniel Sharp or Sharpe may refer to:

Daniel Sharp (clergyman) (1783–1853), American clergyman
Daniel Sharp (swimmer) (born 1987), New Zealander Paralympian
Daniel Sharpe, geologist


Endothermic organisms known as homeotherms maintain internal temperatures with minimal metabolic regulation within a range of ambient temperatures called the thermal neutral zone (TNZ). Within the TNZ the basal rate of heat production is equal to the rate of heat loss to the environment. Homeothermic organisms adjust to the temperatures within the TNZ through different responses requiring little energy.

Environmental temperatures can cause fluctuations in a homeothermic organism's metabolic rate. This response is due to the energy required to maintain a relatively constant body temperature above ambient temperature by controlling heat loss and heat gain.  The degree of this response depends not only on the species, but also on the levels of insulative and metabolic adaptation. Environmental temperatures below the TNZ, the lower critical temperature (LCT), require an organism to increase its metabolic rate to meet the environmental demands for heat. The Regulation about the TNZ requires metabolic heat production when the LCT is reached, as heat is lost to the environment. The organism reaches the LCT when the Ta (ambient temp.) decreases.

When an organism reaches this stage the metabolic rate increases significantly and thermogenesis increases the Tb (body temp.) If the Ta continues to decrease far below the LCT hypothermia occurs. Alternatively, evaporative heat loss for cooling occurs when temperatures above the TNZ, the upper critical zone (UCT), are realized (Speakman and Keijer 2013). When the Ta reaches too far above the UCT, the rate of heat gain and rate of heat production become higher than the rate of heat dissipation (heat loss through evaporative cooling), resulting in hyperthermia.

It can show postural changes where it changes its body shape or moves and exposes different areas to the sun/shade, and through radiation, convection and conduction, heat exchange occurs. Vasomotor responses allow control of the flow of blood between the periphery and the core to control heat loss from the surface of the body. Lastly, the organism can show insulation adjustments; a common example being "goosebumps" in humans where hair follicles are raised by pilomotor muscles, also shown in animals' pelage and plumage.

In humans

The thermoneutral zone describes a range of temperatures of the immediate environment in which a standard healthy adult can maintain normal body temperature without needing to use energy above and beyond normal basal metabolic rate. It starts at approximately  for normal weight men and at around  for those who are overweight and extends towards circa . Note this is for a resting human and does not allow for shivering, sweating or exercising. Even with light clothing, radiation and convection losses are dramatically reduced, effectively reducing the TNZ. Hence, a comfortable temperature in a heated building may be 18 - 22 degrees Celsius (64.4 - 71.6 degrees Fahrenheit).

Humans produce an obligatory  of heat energy at rest as a by-product from basic processes like pumping blood, digesting, breathing, biochemical synthesis and catabolism etc. This is comparable to a common incandescent light-bulb. However, adult humans can produce in excess of  of heat energy during strenuous exercise. Hence, if the body were perfectly insulated, core temperature would continue to increase until lethal core temperatures were achieved. Conversely, we are normally in surroundings that are considerably cooler than the body's core temperature of  creating a gradient for thermal energy flow from the core to the surroundings. Therefore, the body must ensure it can also minimize the loss of heat to around 100 watts, if it is to maintain core temperature. In short, the skin must be able to get rid of 100 watts of heat in relatively warm environments, but also ensure that it does not lose too much more than this in relatively cold environments.

The human outer or peripheral shell (skin, subcutaneous fat etc.) acts as an adjustable insulator/radiator with the main mechanism of adjustment being blood flow to this compartment. If the surroundings are warm then heat loss is less, so the body directs more blood to the periphery to maintain the gradient for energy flow. Conversely, if the surroundings are cool, blood flow can be profoundly reduced to the skin, so that heat loss is reduced significantly.

These passive processes determine the TNZ, as negligible work is done to redirect blood to the peripheries or the core.

Physiological mechanisms:

The skin has a huge capacity to accept blood flow resulting in a range of 1ml/100g of skin/min, to 150ml/100g/min. Its metabolic requirements are very low and hence it only requires a very small fraction of the heart's output to maintain its own growth and metabolism. In temperate environments the blood flow to the skin is much higher than required for metabolism, the determining factor is the need for the body to get rid of its heat. In fact, skin can survive for long periods of time (hours) with sub-physiological blood flow and oxygenation, and, as long as this is followed by a period of good perfusion, necrosis will not occur.

In temperate environments there is room to increase or decrease blood flow to the skin dramatically. This is achieved by way of special arrangements in the vascular beds of the skin. There are significant numbers of extra vessels, especially in the extremities with their large surface areas (hands, ears, toes etc.). These are direct connections between artery and vein which bypass nourishing capillaries, and are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. These shunts are normally mostly closed, but opening them up allows the skin to become engorged with blood, and because these vessels have low resistance, the blood flow through them is brisk. Conversely, when blood supply to the skin must be reduced these shunts can be closed and furthermore, the normal mechanism of vasoconstriction of arterioles, can dramatically reduce perfusion of the skin.

Across species
Different species have different temperatures of their thermal neutral zones.

In dogs, the thermoneutral zone ranges from 20-30°C (68-86°F).

In horses, the lower critical temperature is 5°C while the upper critical temperature depends on the definition used. Their thermoneutral zone is roughly 5-30 C (41-86°F).

In mice, the lower critical temperature and upper critical temperature can be the same, creating a thermoneutral point instead of a thermoneutral zone. This point varies throughout the day depending on whether the mouse is in the active dark phase (33°C) or the resting light phase (29°C).

References

Animal physiology
Thermoregulation


Op zoek naar Mary Poppins (Looking for Mary Poppins) was a 2009 talent show-themed television series produced by the AVRO in the Netherlands and broadcast on AVRO.
It premiered in late August 2009. The show searched for a new, unknown lead to play Mary Poppins in a Dutch production of the Dutch musical Mary Poppins.

It was the third Dutch talent show to be produced by the AVRO/Willem Nijholt, after Op zoek naar Evita which aired in 2007 and Op zoek naar Joseph which aired in 2008. Op zoek naar Zorro aired in late 2010, Op zoek naar Annie aired in 2012, Op zoek naar Maria aired in 2021 and Op zoek naar Danny & Sandy aired in late 2022.

The show was hosted by Frits Sissing with Willem Nijholt again overseeing the programme.

In the final, on 24 January, Noortje Herlaar was announced as the winner of the series.

Format

Expert panel
To assess and train the potential Marys and judge them during the live shows, an expert panel was chosen. The panel included:
 Willem Nijholt – actor and singer.
 Thom Hoffman – actor and photographer
 Erwin van Lambaart – managing director of Joop van den Ende theatre
 Pia Douwes – musical theatre actress who is very successful in Europe

Weekly format
The show opens with a group number by the Marys. Each Mary then performs a song, with feedback provided by the panel and Nijholt. The public votes for the contestant they wish to keep in the show. After the results of the public vote have been processed, the two Marys with the fewest votes enter a "sing-off". Nijholt then chooses which Mary from the "sing-off" to save each week. The eliminated Mary has her umbrella and coat stripped off by the surviving Mary and then takes the lead in their sing-out medley of "Een klein schepje suiker (A Spoonful of Sugar)" and "Alles kan (Anything Can Happen)".

Finalists
Eleven potential Marys made it through the audition rounds and performed during the live shows.

* at the start of the contest

Results summary

Live shows

Week one (6 December)
Eefje was the first Mary to be eliminated in the Results show on Sunday followed by Suzanne who was the second Mary to be eliminated.

The show performances were:

Group performances:
Opening number: "Hier ben ik dan (I Just Arrived)" with Freek Bartels from the musical Copacabana
Group number 1: "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious"
Group number 2: "Zing, vecht, huil, bid, lach, werk en bewonder" & "We zullen doorgaan" as a tribute to the late Ramses Shaffy
Individual performances (in order of performance):
Noortje & Carmen: "No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)" by Donna Summer & Barbra Streisand
Bente & Simone: "Ik ken hem te goed (I Know Him So Well)" from the musical Chess
Eefje, Sophie & Suzanne: "Ik ben een vrouw (I Am a Woman)" from the musical 3 Musketiers
Angenita & Willemijn: "Pak maar m‘n hand" by Nick & Simon
Irene & Rosalie: "Tell Him" by Céline Dion & Barbra Streisand
Jury's favourite Mary Poppins:
Erwin van Lambaart: Sophie
Pia Douwes: Irene
Thom Hoffman: Noortje
Sing-off:
In the first show, Eefje and Carmen were in the sing-off. They sang "Zonder jou" (by Simone Kleinsma & Paul de Leeuw).
Willem Nijholt chose to save Carmen and vote Eefje off.
In the second show, the bottom two were Irene and Suzanne. In the sing-off, they sang "Laat me niet alleen (Ne me quitte pas)" (by Jacques Brel).
Irene was saved by Nijholt and Suzanne was voted off.

Week two (13 December)
Bente was the third Mary to be eliminated in the Results show on Sunday

The show performances were:
Group performances:
Opening number: "We're All in This Together" from the film High School Musical
Group number 1: "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious"
Group number 2: "Starmaker" from the film Fame
Individual performances (in order of performance):
Willemijn: "Ik voel me heerlijk (I Feel Pretty)" from the musical West Side Story
Carmen: "My All" by Mariah Carey
Sophie: "The Boy Does Nothing" by Alesha Dixon
Irene: "Denk aan mij (Think of Me)" from the musical The Phantom of the Opera
Rosalie: "Nu dat jij er bent" by Trijntje Oosterhuis
Angenita: "Dingen waar ik zo van hou (My Favorite Things)" from the musical The Sound of Music
Simone: "Geef me liefde (Love Me Tender)" from the musical All Shook Up
Bente: "Hot n Cold" by Katy Perry
Noortje: "Tot jij mijn liefde voelt (To Make You Feel My Love)" by Van Dik Hout
Jury's favourite Mary Poppins:
Erwin van Lambaart: Simone
Pia Douwes: Simone
Thom Hoffman: Noortje
Sing-off:
Bente and Angenita were in the sing-off. They sang "Er is een plaats voor ons (Somewhere)" (from the musical West Side Story).
Willem Nijholt chose to save Angenita and vote Bente off.

Week three (20 December)
Angenita was the fourth Mary to be eliminated in the Results show on Sunday.

The show performances were:
Group performances:
Opening number: "Sleigh Ride" by The Ronettes
Group number 1: "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious"
Group number 2: "I Will Follow Him" from the film Sister Act
Individual performances (in order of performance):
Irene: "Why Couldn't It Be Christmas Every Day?" by Bianca Ryan
Sophie: "Wat is mijn hart" by Marco Borsato
Angenita: "Santa Claus is Coming to Town" by Mariah Carey
Noortje: "Kom Terug En Dans Met Mij (I Could Have Danced All Night)" from the musical My Fair Lady
Willemijn: "Winter Wonderland" by Amy Grant
Rosalie: "Cheek to Cheek" by Jane Monheit
Carmen: "Dat zegt het hart (A Change in Me)" from the musical Beauty and the Beast
Simone: "All I Want for Christmas Is You" by Mariah Carey
Jury's favourite Mary Poppins:
Erwin van Lambaart: Simone
Pia Douwes: Rosalie
Thom Hoffman: Sophie
Sing-off:
Irene and Angenita were in the sing-off. They sang "Nog een kans" (by Vera Mann).
Willem Nijholt chose to save Irene and vote Angenita off.

Week four (27 December)
Simone was the fifth Mary to be eliminated in the Results show on Sunday

The show performances were:
Group performances:
Opening number: "Come Fly with Me" by Frank Sinatra
Group number 1: "SupercalifragilisticexpialidociousGroup number 2: "Love Me Just a Little Bit More" by Dolly Dots
Individual performances (in order of performance):
Simone: "Ik leef niet meer voor jou" by Marco Borsato
Irene: "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" by U2
Noortje: "I'm the Greatest Star" from the musical Funny GirlRosalie: "Appels op de tafelsprei" by Toon Hermans & Mathilde Santing
Willemijn: "Hij kan niet zonder mij (As Long as He Needs Me)" from the musical Oliver!Sophie: "Fields of Gold" by Eva Cassidy
Carmen: "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" from the film Moulin RougeJury's favourite Mary Poppins:
Erwin van Lambaart: Rosalie
Pia Douwes: Noortje
Thom Hoffman: Irene
Sing-off:
Willemijn and Simone were in the sing-off. They sang "Telkens weer" (by Willeke Alberti).
Willem Nijholt chose to save Willemijn and vote Simone off.

Week five (3 January)
Carmen was the sixth Mary to be eliminated in the Results show on Sunday.

The show performances were:
Group performances:
Opening number: "Crazy in Love" by Beyoncé Knowles
Group number 1: "A Spoonful of Sugar" featuring the children, who will play as Jane and Michael Banks in the upcoming Dutch production of Mary Poppins
Group number 2: "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious"
Group number 3: "December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night)" from the musical Jersey BoysIndividual performances (in order of performance):
Sophie: "Als ze mij zo zouwen zien" ("If My Friends Could See Me Now") from the musical Sweet CharityNoortje: "Almaz" (Dutch version) by Karin Bloemen
Rosalie: "Het gaat beginnen" ("Something's Coming") from the musical West Side StoryWillemijn: "Don't Rain on My Parade" from the musical Funny GirlCarmen: "Wacht nog wat" by Paul de Leeuw
Irene: "Meidengrut" ("Little Girls") from the musical AnnieJury's favourite Mary Poppins:
Erwin van Lambaart: Noortje
Pia Douwes: Irene (but revealed that her other favourite was Noortje, but was positive about Irene)
Thom Hoffman: Sophie
Sing-off:
Carmen and Willemijn were in the sing-off. They sang "Laat het op een zondag zijn (Tell Me on a Sunday)" (from the musical of the same name).
Willem Nijholt chose to save Willemijn and vote Carmen off.

Week six (10 January)
Week six was the quarter-final stage of the series.

Willemijn was the seventh Mary to be eliminated in the Results show on Sunday.

The show performances were:
Group performances:
Opening number: "Fame" from the film FameGroup number 1: "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious"
Group number 2: "I Say A Little Prayer" by Aretha Franklin
Individual performances (in order of performance):
Round 1:
Willemijn: "Lief zijn voor mamma (When You're Good to Mama)" from the musical ChicagoRosalie: "Zeur niet" from the musical Heerlijk duurt het langstIrene: "Vincent (Dutch version)" by Don McLean
Sophie: "De nachten in Parijs" from the musical Irma la DouceNoortje: "Zin in een feessie" from the musical De StuntRound 2:
Willemijn: "I Will Survive" from the musical Priscilla Queen of the Desert – the MusicalRosalie: "Mijn pakkie an (My Strongest Suit)" from the musical AidaIrene: "Hopeloos verlang ik naar jou (Hopelessy Devoted to You)" from the musical GreaseSophie: "Get Happy" by Judy Garland
Noortje: "Smile" by Charlie Chaplin
Jury's favourite Mary Poppins:
Erwin van Lambaart: Noortje
Pia Douwes: Rosalie
Thom Hoffman: Noortje
Sing-off:
Willemijn and Irene were in the sing-off. They sang "Vluchten kan niet meer" (from the musical En nu naar bed).
Willem Nijholt chose to save Irene and vote Willemijn off.

Week seven (17 January)
Week seven was the semi-final stage of the series.

Irene was the eighth Mary to be eliminated in the Results show on Sunday – the last time Nijholt has any say in the vote.

The show performances were:
Group performances:
Opening number: "Could It Be Magic" by Barry Manilow
Group number 1: "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious"
Group number 2: "Chim Chim Cher-ee (Rooftop Duet)" featuring William Spaaij, who will play as Bert in the upcoming Dutch production of Mary Poppins
Individual performances (in order of performance):
Round 1:
Irene: "Heel alleen (On My Own)" from the musical Les MisérablesNoortje: "I Have Nothing" by Whitney Houston
Sophie: "Out Here on My Own" from the film FameRosalie: "Doe iets (Show Me)" from the musical My Fair LadyRound 2:
Irene: "Stuff Like That There" from the film For the BoysNoortje: "Jaloezie" by Adèle Bloemendaal
Sophie: "Mens durf te leven" by Wende Snijders
Rosalie: "A Song for You" by Donny Hathaway
Jury's favourite Mary Poppins:
Erwin van Lambaart: Noortje
Pia Douwes: Sophie
Thom Hoffman: Irene
Sing-off:
Irene and Rosalie were in the sing-off. They sang "Misschien dit keer (Maybe This Time)" (from the musical Cabaret).
Willem Nijholt chose to save Rosalie and vote Irene off.

Week-eight (24 January)
Week eight was the final week of the show and the Grand-final when the winning Mary was revealed. Both shows aired live on Sunday with the main show and the Results show. The finalists were Noortje Herlaar, Rosalie de Jong and Sophie Veldhuizen. Noortje was the winner.

With all the decisions now being from the public vote, the voting lines opened at the start of Show One. At the end of Show One, the finalist with the lowest number of viewers votes, Rosalie was eliminated and therefore finished third. The voting lines then re-opened to vote for the series winner, with all the votes cast for the remaining two Marys carried over. Then in Show Two the final two Marys went head-to-head before the winner was announced as Noortje.

All eleven Mary finalists also performed. In Show two both Noortje and Sophie performed "Alles kan als jij het (Anything Can Happen)".

The show performances were:
Group performances:
Former Marys – "De winnaar krijgt de macht (The Winner Takes It All)" from the musical Mamma Mia!Noortje, Rosalie & Sophie – "Als ik win (Brand New Day)" from the musical The WizNoortje, Rosalie & Sophie – "Sing, Sing, Sing" by Louis Prima
Noortje & Sophie – "Tamelijk Voortreffelijk (Practically Perfect)"
Individual performances (in order of performance):
Show one
Rosalie: "Thuis (Home)" from the musical The WizSophie: "Kon ik nog maar even bij je zijn (Wishing You Were Somehow Here Again)" from the musical The Phantom of the OperaNoortje: "Pap, kun je me horen? (Papa, Can You Hear Me?)" from the film YentlShow two
Sophie: "Alles kan (Anything Can Happen)"
Noortje: "Alles kan (Anything Can Happen)''"
Show One third place
At the end of Show one, Rosalie was announced as finishing third.
Jury's verdict on who is Mary Poppins:
After Rosalie was eliminated from the final, the jury share their thoughts on who is Mary Poppins.
Erwin van Lambaart: Noortje
Pia Douwes: could not make a choice between Noortje and Sophie
Thom Hoffman: Sophie
Willem Nijholt: Noortje
The Final Vote
The final vote was then announced and it was revealed that the winner was Noortje Herlaar.

External links
Official Program Website at avro.nl

Dutch reality television series
Singing talent shows
2000s TV shows in the Netherlands
2009 Dutch television series debuts
2010 Dutch television series endings
NPO 1 original programming


Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower is a skyscraper in the city of Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates. It was completed in 2006 and hosts the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority. It has a height of  and has 40 floors.

See also
List of tallest buildings in Abu Dhabi
Al Hamra Tower in Kuwait, another skyscraper with a fold-like exterior

References

Skyscraper office buildings in Abu Dhabi
2006 establishments in the United Arab Emirates
Kohn Pedersen Fox buildings


Virginia City Historic District may refer to:

Virginia City Historic District (Virginia City, Montana), listed on the NRHP in Montana
Virginia City Historic District (Virginia City, Nevada), listed on the NRHP in Nevada


John Benjamin Gedney (June 4, 1809 – 1859) was an American politician from New York.

Life
He was a member of the Gedney family, and lived at White Plains, Westchester County, New York. He married Ann McFarquhar (d. 1890).

He was one of the first three Inspectors of State Prisons elected on the Whig ticket in 1847 under the New York State Constitution of 1846, and drew the one-year term, being in office in 1848.

Sources
 Gedney genealogy, at RootsWeb
The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (page 45; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)
 His wife's death notice, in NYT on October 16, 1890

1809 births
1859 deaths
Politicians from White Plains, New York
New York State Prison Inspectors
New York (state) Whigs
19th-century American politicians