The Battle of Rijmenam was a battle fought in the early stages of the Eighty Years' War between the forces of the States-General of the Netherlands and those of the Spanish Governor-General of the Habsburg Netherlands, Don Juan de Austria, on 31 July 1578, near Rijmenam in present-day Belgium. The Spanish forces were dealt a strategic defeat.

Background
After the Pacification of Ghent the entire Habsburg Netherlands had risen against Philip II of Spain. When the new Governor-General, Philip's half-brother Don Juan, arrived in the country in November 1576, he initially feigned readiness to cooperate with the States-General, but soon there was a rupture, and the war was resumed. From January 1578 on, the reinforcements that were sent to Don Juan by way of the Spanish Road had made him strong enough to go on the offensive. Almost immediately, he gained a stunning victory in the Battle of Gembloux. This motivated foreign powers to intervene on behalf of the States-General. Queen Elizabeth of England sent money and troops, as did the Duke of Anjou. These reinforcements formed the backbone of a reconstituted States Army that took up formation in a reinforced encampment at Rijmenam during July 1578. The nominal commander of this force was the Count of Boussu. It consisted mainly of English mercenaries under Sir John Norris and Sir Richard Bingham, Scottish mercenaries under Robert Stuart, and French Huguenots under François de la Noue. On the eve of the battle it was waiting for further reinforcements from the Count Palatine, who was waiting near Zutphen for the arrival of a subsidy that Queen Elizabeth had promised, but not yet paid. Without those considerable reinforcements it counted about 18,000-foot and 2,000 horse.

Don Juan, on the other hand, could free no more than 12,000-foot and 5,000 horse. This inferiority of forces motivated him to seek battle before the forces of the Count Palatine could unite with those of the army at Rijmenam. However, during a council of war before the battle his second-in-command, the Duke of Parma and the experienced commander Gabrio Serbelloni opposed the plan as they thought the risk too great. Nevertheless, Don Juan decided to attack.

The battle
After having spent the night opposite the enemy, Don Juan's army attacked early in the morning of 31 July 1578. The States Army was drawn up in front of the village of Rijmenam, with its flanks anchored in forests on both sides. In front of the army a system of entrenchments had been dug. Don Juan approached these trenches in the hope that Boussu would come out and engage him in the open, but Boussu refused to be drawn. After a wait of three hours, Don Juan ordered a company of musketeers under Alonso de Leyva and three troops of cuirassiers under the Marquis del Monte, to make a feint to the rear of the village on the Spanish left wing. This time Boussu took the bait and ordered Norris to head him off. A skirmish ensued but neither Norris, nor Leyva followed through

However, a few English soldiers had become lost between the lines and this drew in reinforcements from both sides. Both the Scots under Stuart and Spanish infantry under Fernando de Toledo came forward. At the same time the entire Spanish infantry started an advance on the trenches, led by Parma who went ahead on foot, pike in hand. Meanwhile, Toledo pushed Norris back inside the village. Norris directly counterattacked after having set fire to a few houses in the village. This was misinterpreted by the Spanish commanders as an attempt by Boussu to burn his baggage train. Thinking that the States Army was retreating, they now pressed the attack, despite attempts from Don Juan and Parma to stop them. When Leyva and Toledo had reached the center of the village, they discovered they had been lured into a well-laid trap.

It now turned out that the apparent deployment of the States Army in front of the village had been a ruse to draw the Spaniards in. In reality, the reinforced camp of Boussu was located behind the village and his artillery was drawn up in front of the real line. Five hundred Spanish musketeers and six hundred cavalry now found themselves in very perilous circumstances. The Scottish soldiers stripped to the waist, while singing psalms, and attacked the astounded Spaniards. At the same time the States's artillery opened fire. The Spanish troops were in danger of being annihilated. However, Parma personally extricated them by way of a covered path through the village, while executing one of his famous cavalry manoeuvres. This ended the battle, as Boussu did not follow through.

As usual, the reports of casualties differ. According to Dutch historians a loss of 1,000 dead was suffered by the Spanish forces. On the Spanish side no more than 400 dead are admitted and the same number on the other side claimed. Spanish historians admit to more wounded and prisoners lost, however.

Aftermath
After the battle Don Juan first withdrew to Tienen, but soon had to retreat to Namur. He thus relinquished most of the territorial gains after Gembloux. While encamped near Namur he died from a sudden illness (probably typhus) on 1 October 1578.

Notes

Sources
 (1903) "Preface", Calendar of State Papers Foreign, Elizabeth, Volume 13: 1578–1579, pp. V-LX
  (1886) Le règne de Philippe II et la lutte religieuse dans les Pays-Bas au XVIe siècle, Vols. 5–6, C. Fonteyn, pp. 346–353

External links
Battle of Rijmenam, Calendar of State Papers Foreign, Elizabeth, Volume 13

Battles of the Eighty Years' War
1578 in the Habsburg Netherlands
Battles involving England
Battles involving the Dutch Republic
Conflicts in 1578
16th-century military history of the Kingdom of England
Eighty Years' War (1566–1609)
Rijmenam
Battle
Bonheiden


Michael Nolin is an American former motion picture producer, former studio executive, former writer/director and current educator. Since 2003 he has been Professor of Film & Television and Dramatic Writing at SCAD in Savannah, Georgia.

Production credits
His producing credits include Mr. Holland's Opus, which won a Christopher Award and for which Richard Dreyfuss was nominated for an Academy Award; Full Body Massage for director Nicolas Roeg; and the Independent Spirit Award-nominated 84 Charlie Mopic for writer/director Patrick Sheane Duncan. He wrote and directed Wildly Available, which was runner-up for a Discovery Award at the Hollywood Film Festival, and co-wrote the teleplay for Maniac Magee, which was nominated for a Humanitas Prize.

References

External links

Film and Television Faculty at Savannah College of Art and Design
1997 Discovery Award winners at Hollywood Film Festival

Living people
Film producers from New York (state)
American film directors
American male screenwriters
American film studio executives
USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni
Savannah College of Art and Design faculty
University at Albany, SUNY alumni
1950 births
Screenwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)


Kalavaadiya Pozhuthugal () is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by Thangar Bachan. It stars Prabhu Deva and Bhumika Chawla, while Prakash Raj, Inbanila and Ganja Karuppu play supporting roles. Sathyaraj played a guest role as Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, reprising his role from Periyar (2007). After beginning production in 2009, the film produced by Ayngaran International experienced delays due to the studio's financial problems, before being released on 29 December 2017. It was praised for its story during its release.

Plot
Porchezhiyan (Prabhu Deva) is a car driver and the sole breadwinner of his family, which includes his wife Rani (Inbanila) and daughter Yazhini. Rani, an ambitious woman, is not happy with her husband's generous and lackadaisical nature. On the other hand, Chezhiyan, an ardent devotee of Periyar, believes in the welfare of society as a whole, which Rani cannot agree with, but Rani makes sense most of the time as Chezhiyan's ideologies often fail to feed their little daughter. One day, while Chezhiyan is on the way back from a long trip, he rescues a businessman named Soundararajan (Prakash Raj), who met with an accident. After Chezhiyan ensures medical treatment to Soundararajan, he happens to meet Jayanthi (Bhumika), Soundararajan's wife, when he is about to leave. He hides himself from her, but the sweet and sour memories that he had with her leave him haunting even after he reaches back home. Further, things proceed in such a way that Chezhiyan gets to meet Jayanthi and Soundararajan. The fate which once separated Chezhiyan and Jayanthi is bringing them closer, though they are aware that they cannot be lovers anymore like they were in the past.

Cast

Production
Thangar Bachan took time to convince Prabhu Deva to play the lead role, with the actor turning back on his initial decision to reject the film, and subsequently the venture began principal photography on 25 March 2009. During the making of the film, it was believed that the film may be shot in the US, but the team chose to stay in India, with the shoot finished by late 2009. Bhumika Chawla worked on the film after a brief sabbatical from Tamil films, and shot for Kalavaadiya Pozhthugal alongside her commitments for Sabapathy's Maa with Prithviraj and Srikanth, which was later shelved.

However, the producers' financial troubles meant that the film's release was delayed for 7 years. Likewise Ayngaran's other films shot in the late 2000s like the Jai-starrer Arjunan Kadhali and the Jeevan-starrer Krishnaleelai remain unreleased, while projects such as the A. R. Rahman musical, Kadhir's Manavar Dhinam with Vinay, were shelved after being launched. The team briefly geared up to release the film during 2013 by holding a promotional event, but it was further delayed.

Soundtrack

The film's music was composed by Bharadwaj, while the audio rights of the film was acquired by Eros Music India. The album released on 31 October 2014 and featured five songs.

Release
The satellite rights of the film were sold to Kalaignar TV. After a long delay of seven years, the film finally released on 29 December 2017.

Reception

Critical reception
Thinkal Menon of Times of India wrote "Thangar Bachan’s strength has always been strong characters and pure narration. This film, too, has its artistes emoting in the best possible way. A critic from Indiaglitz.com wrote "if you have zen like patience, you might get out with a palatable love story" adding "the film has plenty of nostalgia to offer as you slowly nod and acknowledge to yourself", but "he pace of the film would do no good to the patience of the present day audience, especially when they have paid to watch a movie that is anachronistic". The New Indian Express wrote the film was a "tedious time travel to the nineties", adding "the flashback framing device that Thankar uses to drive home the intensity of the lead pair’s romance is plain archaic" and "even the supposed twists, for want of nifty staging, end up testing our patience". The critic added "to make things worse, Thankar keeps shifting between being a filmmaker and pamphleteer" and "if you are someone who catches a shut eye in the theatres, you could, in fact, wake up to a different film". In contrast, News18.com's Gautaman Bhaskaran wrote the film "endears because of its fascinating story" but "unfortunately having been in the cans for about 10 years or reportedly so, the film may seem somewhat dated" ,but "then this is only a minor hiccup in a narrative styled with subtlety and a sense of purpose". Baradwaj Rangan of Film Companion wrote "Elsewhere, we see more of Thangar Bachan’s anger... The director’s titles...and opening credits...stand testimony to his commitment to the Tamil language, and Kalavaadiya Pozhuthugal is suffused with the rage that others do not share his ardour."

References

External links

2010s Tamil-language films
Films scored by Bharadwaj (composer)
Indian romantic drama films
Films set in Tamil Nadu
Films shot in Tamil Nadu
Films directed by Thangar Bachan
2017 romantic drama films


White catfish may refer to:

 Silonia childreni, native to South Asia
 Ameiurus catus, native to North America


"Kako to Genjitsu" is Bonnie Pink's fifteenth single and third from the album Let Go. The single was released under the East West Japan label on June 7, 2000.

Track listing

Reason (Season Dub)

Oricon Sales Chart

2000 singles
2000 songs
Bonnie Pink songs


Anatoliy Ivanovych Volobuyev () (born June 16, 1953) is a former Ukrainian football player, and a head-coach of couple Ukrainian teams in the Premier and First leagues.

Coaching career

In his career Volobuyev was involved with FC Stal Alchevsk since 1988. Before spending a season as manager of FC Zorya Luhansk in the Ukrainian Premier League Volobuyev held the position of Vice-President of the Professional Football League of Ukraine.

He was hired back as head coach of Stal Alchevsk in November 2009.

References

External links
 Profile at Zorya web-site

1953 births
Living people
People from Alchevsk
Soviet men's footballers
FC Kosmos Pavlohrad players
FC Stakhanov players
NK Veres Rivne players
FC Stal Alchevsk players
Ukrainian football managers
FC Stal Alchevsk managers
FC Zorya Luhansk managers
Ukrainian Premier League managers
Men's association football players not categorized by position
Footballers from Luhansk Oblast


Olav Angell (4 August 1932 – 23 September 2018) was a Norwegian poet, novelist, science fiction writer, crime fiction writer, translator, anthology editor and jazz musician.

Angell was born in Trondheim, and grew up in Oslo. He made his literary debut in 1966 with the poetry collection Burlesk. He wrote the science fiction novel Den elektriske blomsten in 1968 and the crime novel Perdido, Perdido... in 1975. The novel Topkapi. En historie om utroskap came in 1981. He issued the poetry collections Tiden er en korketrekker som forvandler kjærligheten til konkylier (1982) and Neptuns døtre (1986). He has written three memoir books, Oslo i skumring (1991), Oslo ved midnatt (1997) and Oslo i demring (2002). In the book Snapshots (1994) Angell describes some of his meetings with writers, musicians and actors. A collection of his texts, Det spesielle grep om fjærpennen, edited by Jón Sveinbjørn Jónsson, came in 2007.

Angell was among the organizers of Oslo International Poetry Festival in the 1980s. He was awarded the Riksmål Society Literature Prize in 2002. He received the Arts Council Norway's Translator's Award for his translation of James Joyce's novel Ulysses in 1992. He has also translated Raymond Chandler's crime novel The Big Sleep, and Jack Kerouac's novel On the Road into the Norwegian language. In 2006 he received the Bastian Prize for his translation work.

Angell was a member of the editorial board of the literary magazine Profil from 1967 to 1968, and at the editorial board of the literary magazine Vinduet from 1973 to 1974.

Angell has also been chairman for Norsk Jazzforbund.

References

1932 births
2018 deaths
20th-century Norwegian poets
Norwegian male poets
20th-century Norwegian novelists
21st-century Norwegian novelists
Norwegian crime fiction writers
Writers from Trondheim
Norwegian male novelists
20th-century Norwegian male writers
21st-century Norwegian male writers
20th-century Norwegian translators


"Nothing to Worry About" is the first single by Peter Bjorn and John from the album Living Thing. The music video premiered in 2009. The song was featured in a season five episode of the MTV series The Hills entitled "Crazy In Love". The song was featured in commercials for the fifth season of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, Cinemax HD in its spring 2009 ad campaign, and EA Sports game, FIFA 10. A remix of the song was also used in the promo for season five of the TV series Bones.

Music video
The video was directed by Andreas Nilsson, and it features the Japanese Rockabilly subculture. The video begins with the Black Shadow's boss in his apartment preparing his exaggerated ducktail hairdo and going out. The rest of the video shows him and his rockabilly gang dancing in Yoyogi Park in Harajuku and ends with a man trying to start his motorcycle, only to realize the engine is shot. The band does not appear in the video.

External links

2009 singles
2009 songs
Peter Bjorn and John songs
Songs written by Björn Yttling
Wichita Recordings singles


The Tractus Fossae are a set of troughs in the Tharsis quadrangle of Mars, located at 26° north latitude and 101.4° west longitude. They are  long and are named after a classical albedo feature name. The term "fossae" is used to indicate large troughs when using geographical terminology related to Mars. Troughs, sometimes also called grabens, form when the crust is stretched until it breaks, which forms two breaks with a middle section moving down, leaving steep cliffs along the sides. Sometimes, a line of pits form as materials collapse into a void that forms from the stretching.

References

See also

 Fossa (geology)
 Geology of Mars
 HiRISE

Valleys and canyons on Mars
Tharsis quadrangle


Ernst Ferdinand Adolf Minding (;  – ) was a German-Russian mathematician known for his contributions to differential geometry. He continued the work of Carl Friedrich Gauss concerning differential geometry of surfaces, especially its intrinsic aspects. Minding considered questions of bending of surfaces and proved the invariance of geodesic curvature. He studied ruled surfaces, developable surfaces and surfaces of revolution and determined geodesics on the pseudosphere. Minding's results on the geometry of geodesic triangles on a surface of constant curvature (1840) anticipated Beltrami's approach to the foundations of non-Euclidean geometry (1868).

Career
Minding was largely self-taught in mathematics. He attended lectures in the University of Halle and eventually graduated with a thesis "De valore intergralium duplicium quam proxime inveniendo" (1829).

Minding worked as a teacher in Elberfeld and as a university lecturer in Berlin. His work on statics drew the attention of Alexander von Humboldt. However, his 1842 bid for election to Berlin Academy, supported by Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, failed and in 1843 he relocated to the University of Dorpat, where he was a professor of mathematics for the next 40 years. In Dorpat he taught Karl Peterson and supervised his doctoral thesis that established the Gauss–Bonnet theorem and derived Gauss–Codazzi equations. Minding also worked on differential equations (Demidov prize of the St Petersburg Academy in 1861), algebraic functions, continued fractions and analytical mechanics. His list of publications consists of some 60 titles, including several books. Many of his scientific accomplishments were only recognized properly after his death.

References

External links

Differential geometers
Hyperbolic geometers
19th-century German mathematicians
Russian mathematicians
Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
1806 births
1885 deaths


Silonia childreni is a species of schilbid catfish endemic to India where it occurs in the Krishna, Godavari and Cauvery River systems of the Western Ghats.  This species grows to a length of  TL.  These fish occur in large rivers and reservoirs. A gregarious fish and move in shoals during monsoon. They feed on fish. S. childreni is a dominant species in the catches from deep waters, especially during the monsoon months between April and July.

References

Schilbeidae
Cyprinid fish of Asia
Fauna of the Western Ghats
Freshwater fish of India
Taxa named by William Henry Sykes
Fish described in 1839


Silonia silondia, the Silond catfish, is a species of schilbid catfish native to Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Nepal  This species grows to a length of  TL.  These fish inhabit rivers and occur in shoals. Adults ascend from estuaries into large rivers for breeding during monsoons. After the water level recedes, they often get stranded in small pools.

References

Schilbeidae
Fish of Asia
Fish described in 1822


João Inácio Junior is a Brazilian radio host, television presenter, former news anchor and journalist born in the Brazilian state of Ceará.

He began his career in Rádio Verdes Mares in 1978, working alongside the TV Verdes Mares, Globo TV's affiliate in the state of Ceará.

In the early 1980s, he launched the program Disque e Toque(Dial and Touch) on FM 93 that showed up in 1982 in which year he entered the Verdes Mares AM Radio.

For many years, he was anchor of the Jornal do 10 (Journal of Channel 10).

Currently, he presents João Inacio's Show in TV Diário, whose success is present throughout the country.

References

Living people
Brazilian television presenters
Brazilian radio personalities
People from Fortaleza
Year of birth missing (living people)


A pressurizer is a component of a pressurized water reactor. The basic design of the pressurized water reactor includes a requirement that the coolant (water) in the reactor coolant system must not boil.  Put another way, the coolant must remain in the liquid state at all times, especially in the reactor vessel.  To achieve this, the coolant in the reactor coolant system is maintained at a pressure sufficiently high that boiling does not occur at the coolant temperatures experienced while the plant is operating or in any analyzed possible transient state.  To pressurize the coolant system to a higher pressure than the vapor pressure of the coolant at operating temperatures, a separate pressurizing system is required. This is in the form of the pressurizer.

Design
In a pressurized water reactor plant, the pressurizer is basically a cylindrical pressure vessel with hemispherical ends, mounted with the long axis vertical and directly connected by a single run of piping to the reactor coolant system. It is located inside the reactor containment building. Although the water in the pressurizer is the same reactor coolant as in the rest of the reactor coolant system, it is basically stagnant, i.e. reactor coolant does not flow through the pressurizer continuously as it does in the other parts of the reactor coolant system. Because of its innate incompressibility, water in a connected piping system adjusts equally to pressure changes anywhere in the connected system.  The water in the system may not be at the same pressure at all points in the system due to differences in elevation but the pressure at all points responds equally to a pressure change in any one part of the system.  From this phenomenon, it was recognized early on that the pressure in the entire reactor coolant system, including the reactor itself, could be controlled by controlling pressure in a small interconnected area of the system and this led to the design of the pressurizer.  The pressurizer is a small vessel compared to the other two major vessels of the reactor coolant system, the reactor vessel itself and the steam generator(s).

Pressure control
Pressure in the pressurizer is controlled by varying the temperature of the coolant in the pressurizer.  Water pressure in a closed system tracks water temperature directly; as the temperature goes up, pressure goes up and vice versa. To increase the pressure in the reactor coolant system, large electric heaters in the pressurizer are turned on, raising the coolant temperature in the pressurizer and thereby raising the pressure.  To decrease pressure in the reactor coolant system, sprays of relatively cool water are turned on inside the pressurizer, lowering the coolant temperature in the pressurizer and thereby lowering the pressure.

Secondary functions
The pressurizer has two secondary functions.

Water level monitoring
One is providing a place to monitor water level in the reactor coolant system.  Since the reactor coolant system is completely flooded during normal operations, there is no point in monitoring coolant level in any of the other vessels. But early awareness of a reduction of coolant level (or a loss of coolant) is important to the safety of the reactor core.  The pressurizer is deliberately located high in the reactor containment building such that, if the pressurizer has sufficient coolant in it, one can be reasonably certain that all the other vessels of the reactor coolant system (which are below it) are fully flooded with coolant. There is therefore, a coolant level monitoring system on the pressurizer and it is the one reactor coolant system vessel that is normally not full of coolant.  The other secondary function is to provide a "cushion" for sudden pressure changes in the reactor coolant system. The upper portion of the pressurizer is specifically designed to NOT contain liquid coolant and a reading of full on the level instrumentation allows for that upper portion to not contain liquid coolant.  Because the coolant in the pressurizer is quite hot during normal operations, the space above the liquid coolant is vaporized coolant (steam). This steam bubble provides a cushion for pressure changes in the reactor coolant system and the operators ensure that the pressurizer maintains this steam bubble at all times during operations. Allowing liquid coolant to completely fill the pressurizer elimates this steam bubble, and is referred to in industry as letting the pressurizer "go hard". This would mean that a sudden pressure change can provide a hammer effect to the entire reactor coolant system. Some facilities also call this letting the pressurizer "go solid," although solid simply refers to being completely full of liquid and without a "steam bubble."

Over-pressure relief system
Part of the pressurizer system is an over-pressure relief system.  In the event that pressurizer pressure exceeds a certain maximum, there is a relief valve called the pilot-operated relief valve (PORV) on top of the pressurizer which opens to allow steam from the steam bubble to leave the pressurizer in order to reduce the pressure in the pressurizer.  This steam is routed to a large tank (or tanks) in the reactor containment building where it is cooled back into liquid (condensed) and stored for later disposition.  There is a finite volume to these tanks and if events deteriorate to the point where the tanks fill up, a secondary pressure relief device on the tank(s), often a rupture disc, allows the condensed reactor coolant to spill out onto the floor of the reactor containment building where it pools in sumps for later disposition.

References

Pressurized water reactors
Nuclear power plant components
Pressure vessels


Pamela Weight is an English retired ice dancer. With partner Paul Thomas, she is the 1956 World champion and European champion. Weight retired from the sport immediately after the 1956 victories in order to marry and start a family.

Results
(with Paul Thomas)

References

English female ice dancers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
World Figure Skating Championships medalists
European Figure Skating Championships medalists


The term Tactica or Taktika () can refer to:

Two Byzantine military treatises on tactics and strategy:

 the Tactica of Emperor Leo VI the Wise, written in the early 10th century and attributed to the emperor Leo VI the Wise
 the Tactica of Nikephoros Ouranos, written in the early 11th century by Nikephoros Ouranos, a Byzantine general

The treatises on administrative structure, court protocol and precedence written in the Byzantine Empire, collectively called "Taktika". These were:

 the Taktikon Uspensky, written c. 842
 the Kletorologion of Philotheos, written in 899
 the Taktikon Benešević, written in 934–944
 the Escorial Taktikon or Taktikon Oikonomides after its first editor, written c. 971–975
 the "Book of Offices" (Taktikon) of pseudo-Kodinos, written in the mid-14th century

Firearms
 Saiga Taktika, a Russian combat shotgun

Vehicle
 Alvis Tactica, British produced military vehicle


Solido Design Automation Inc. is an electronic design automation (EDA) software company, headquartered in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The company develops software for analog/mixed-signal and custom integrated circuits. The company was founded in 2005 and is funded by BDC Venture Capital, Victoria Park Capital, and Golden Opportunities Fund.

Solido Variation Designer is variation-aware custom integrated circuit design software. It uses foundry models to address variation caused by process and environmental (PVT) corners, global and local random variation, and proximity effects. Solido ML Characterization Suite is a software that uses machine learning to generate library timing models.

Solido was acquired by Mentor, a Siemens business on December 1, 2017. Solido had been growing its revenue by 50 and 70 percent each year from 2009 to 2017, and was ranked in the top 500 fastest growing technology companies in North America by Deloitte in 2017.

Management team
Amit Gupta, president and chief executive officer
Jeff Dyck, vice president of technical operations
Kristopher Breen, vice president of customer applications

See also
Electronic design automation
Integrated circuit design

References

EE Times (February 2, 2009):'Solido named to EE Times list of top 60 emerging startups'
EDN (February 1, 2008):'Solido named finalist for EDN Innovation Award'
EDN (December 14, 2007):'Solido named EDN Hot 100 Products of 2007'
IC Design and Verification Journal (March 17, 2009):'Showing your true corners'
Electronicstalk (January 28, 2009):'System solves process variation design problems'
EDN (February 17, 2009):'Solido design attacks variations in transistor-level analog design'
EE Times (February 3, 2009):'Process variation tool targets analog/mixed-signal design loss'
EETimes (January 23, 2009):'Solido launches process variation solution'
SCD Source (September 2, 2008):'Improving statistical design for analog/custom circuits'

External links
Solido Design Automation homepage

Electronic design automation companies
Software companies based in California
Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Companies based in San Jose, California
Software companies established in 2005
2005 establishments in California
Defunct software companies of the United States


The 1972 Commercial Union Assurance Masters was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at Palau Blaugrana in Barcelona, Spain. It was the third edition of the Masters Grand Prix and was held from 28 November through 2 December 1972. Ilie Năstase won the title.

Final

Singles

 Ilie Năstase defeated  Stan Smith 6–3, 6–2, 3–6, 2–6, 6–3
 It was Năstase's 12th singles title of the year and the 24th of his career.

See also
1972 World Championship Tennis Finals

References

External links
 ATP tournament profile

Comm
Grand Prix tennis circuit year-end championships
Commercial Union Assurance Masters
Commercial Union Assurance Masters
Commercial Union Assurance Masters
Commercial Union Assurance Masters


Lyot is a large peak ring crater in the Vastitas Borealis region of Mars, located at 50.8° north latitude and 330.7° west longitude within the Ismenius Lacus quadrangle.  It is 236 km in diameter. Its name refers to Bernard Lyot, a French astronomer (1897–1952).

Lyot crater, featuring a central peak in the middle, stands out on the flat plains of Vastitas Borealis, which is generally flat and smooth with few large craters. Lyot is the deepest point in the northern hemisphere of Mars. To the south are the Deuteronilus Mensae, and further to the southeast are Protonilus Mensae. To the west is the smaller Micoud crater, and to the east-southeast is Moreux crater.

Research published in 2009 describes evidence for liquid water in Lyot in the past.

Many channels have been found near Lyot Crater.  Research, published in 2017, concluded that the channels were made from water released when the hot ejecta landed on a layer of ice that was 20 to 300 meters thick.  Calculations suggest that the ejecta would have had a temperature of at least . The valleys seem to start from beneath the ejecta near the outer edge of the ejecta.  One evidence for this idea is that there are few secondary craters nearby. Few secondary craters were formed because most landed on ice and did not affect the ground below.   The ice accumulated in the area when the climate was different.  The tilt or obliquity of the axis changes frequently.  During periods of greater tilt, ice from the poles is redistributed to the mid-latitudes.  The existence of these channels is unusual because although Mars used to have water in rivers, lakes, and an ocean, these features have been dated to the Noachian and Hesperian periods—4 to 3 billion years ago.

Former rivers

Images from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter show valleys carved by rivers on the floor of Lyot crater.  Scientists are excited because the rivers seem to have formed more recently than others on Mars; water could have flowed in them only 1.25 million years ago.  The source of the water is believed to have been ice from nearby glaciers.  The river valleys are over  wide and tens of kilometers long.

Dust devil tracks
Many areas on Mars, including Lyot, experience the passage of giant dust devils.  A thin coating of fine bright dust covers most of the Martian surface.  When a dust devil goes by it blows away the coating and exposes the underlying dark surface.  These dust devils have been seen from the ground and high overhead from orbit.

Gallery

Interactive Mars map

See also
 List of craters on Mars

References

External links

Impact craters on Mars
Ismenius Lacus quadrangle


William Norman Malthouse (16 December 1890 – 10 May 1961) was an English cricketer who played for Derbyshire County Cricket Club in 1919 and 1920.

Biography
Malthouse was born at Whitwell, Derbyshire, the son of Samuel Malthouse who had also played for Derbyshire.  He played his debut for Derbyshire in the 1919 season in a match against Australian Imperial Forces, which was the only match he played that the county won. In the same year he played two county championship matches against Somerset and Nottinghamshire as a steady middle order batsman. He played four matches in the 1920 season, one of Derbyshire's worst seasons.

Malthouse was a right-hand batsman who played 13 innings in 7 first-class matches, with a top score of 30 and an average of 9.66. He was a right-arm off-break bowler but collected no wickets in the 114 balls he bowled.

Malthouse appears to have run a photography business at Whitwell He died at South Kirkby, Yorkshire at the age of 70.

References

1890 births
1961 deaths
Derbyshire cricketers
English cricketers
People from Whitwell, Derbyshire
Cricketers from Derbyshire


Arthur Lloyd may refer to:

 Arthur Lloyd (rugby league), rugby league footballer of the 1930s for Wales, and York
 Arthur Lloyd (musician) (1839–1904), Scottish singer, songwriter, comedian and stage producer
 Arthur Lloyd (bishop) (1844–1907), Anglican bishop
 Arthur Lloyd (missionary) (1852–1911), Anglican missionary to Japan, academic, biographer and translator
 Arthur Selden Lloyd (1857–1936), Episcopal bishop
 Arthur Lloyd (English footballer) (1881–1945), English footballer (Wolverhampton Wanderers, Brighton & Hove Albion)
 Arthur Lloyd (Welsh footballer) (1868–1942), Welsh international footballer
 Art Lloyd (1896–1954), American cameraman
 Arthur Lloyd (historian) (1917–2009), English historian of the New Forest region of Hampshire, England

See also
 Archie Kirkman Loyd (1847–1922), MP for Abingdon
 Arthur Loyd (1882–1944), his nephew, Conservative Party politician in England


Paul Thomas is a British former ice dancer. With partner Pamela Weight, he is the 1956 World champion and European champion. With partner Nesta Davies, he is the 1954 World & European silver medalist. He currently coaches at the Calalta Figure Skating Club in Calgary, Alberta

Results
(with Nesta Davies)

(with Pamela Weight)

References

British male ice dancers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
World Figure Skating Championships medalists
European Figure Skating Championships medalists


CD single
"Sleeping Child" is Bonnie Pink's fourth single from the album Let Go. The single was released under the East West Japan label on July 12, 2000.

Track listing
"Sleeping Child" (Original)
"Sleeping Child" (Protein Shake Mix)
"Sleeping Child" ("The Gyrations of Virgin Microbes" Mix)
"Sleeping Child" ("Bonnie in Paris" Mix)

12" limited vinyl singles
"Sleeping Child" was also released as two remix vinyls (12" limited) on July 12, 2000.

Remix 1 track listing
a1. "Sleeping Child" (Protein Shake Mix) by Yuka Honda of Cibo Matto
a2. "Sleeping Child" (Original)
b1. "Reason" (Season Dub) by Kaoru Inoue for Chari Chari
b2. "Reason" (Original)

Remix 2 track listing
a1. "Sleeping Child" ("The Gyrations of Virgin Microbes" Mix / Stereolab)
a2. "Sleeping Child" ("The Gyrations of Virgin Microbes" Mix Instrumental / Stereolab)
b1. "Sleeping Child" ("Bonnie in Paris" Mix / The High Llamas)
b2. "Sleeping Child" ("Bonnie in Paris" Mix Instrumental / The High Llamas)

References

2000 singles
2000 songs
Bonnie Pink songs


Erland Kiøsterud (born 10 November 1953) is a Norwegian novelist.

He made his literary debut in 1973 with the novel Sår som aldri gror. His next novel, Jord! (1977) was made into a film in 1988.

He received the Gyldendal's Endowment in 1986, and was awarded the Riksmål Society Literature Prize in 2005.

See the latest film The Ecocentric Human about him and ecology at https://vimeo.com/490469169

References

1953 births
Living people
20th-century Norwegian novelists
21st-century Norwegian novelists


The Tactica () is a Byzantine military treatise written by or on behalf of Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise in c. 895–908 and later edited by his son, Constantine VII. Drawing on earlier authors such as Aelian, Onasander and the Strategikon of emperor Maurice, it is one of the major works on Byzantine military tactics, written on the eve of Byzantium's "age of reconquest". The original Greek title is  ("short instruction of the tactics of war"). The Tactica elaborates on a wide variety of issues, such as infantry and cavalry formations, drills, siege and naval warfare etc. It is written in a legislative form of language and comprises 20 Constitutions (Διατάξεις Diataxeis) and an Epilogue and is concluded by 12 additional chapters, the latter mainly focusing on ancient tactics.

Text
The text of the Tactica is transmitted in several manuscript prototypes, of which the most authoritative date to within a generation of Leo himself. Leo mentions within the Tactica, that Christianity could adopt Islam's doctrine of a "holy war" for its military applications.

An edition with English translation by G. T. Dennis (ed.), The Taktika of Leo VI. Text, Translation and Commentary ([CFHB 49] Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C. 2010), was translated from a 10th-century Florentine manuscript.

Contents
 Preface
 Chapter I - On Tactics and On the General
 Chapter II - On who the General should be
 Chapter III - On how the Decision should be taken
 Chapter IV - On the Division of the Host and the Condition of the Officers
 Chapter V - On Arms
 Chapter VI - On the Equipment of Cavalry and Infantry
 Chapter VII - On Drilling Infantry and Cavalry
 Chapter VIII - On Military Punishments
 Chapter IX - On Marching
 Chapter X - On Baggage Trains
 Chapter XI - On Camps
 Chapter XII - On Military Preparation
 Chapter XIII - On the Day before Battle
 Chapter XIV - On the Day of Battle
 Chapter XV - On Besieging a Town
 Chapter XVI - On the Actions after the War is Concluded
 Chapter XVII - On Surprise Attacks
 Chapter XVIII - On the Studying of Various Heathen and Roman Formations
 Chapter XIX - On Naval Warfare
 Chapter XX - On Various Maxims
 Epilogue

Additions from the Sylloge Tacticorum

 Chapter XXXII - Their (Ancient Greek) Infantry Formations
 Chapter XXXIII - Their (Ancient Greek) Cavalry Formations
 Chapter XXXIV - Their (Ancient Greek) Mixed Formations
 Chapter XXXV - How the Romans Name the Officers of the Army and their Units
 Chapter XXXVIII - Roman Infantry Arms
 Chapter XXXIX - Roman Cavalry Arms
 Chapter XLI - Names of Troop Maneuvers
 Chapter XLII - Phalanx Formations
 Chapter XLIII - On Depth, that is the Depth of Infantry and Cavalry Formations, their Length and the Space Occupied by an Infantryman within the Formation, the Cavalryman and on the Interval between them within the Formations and on the Flight of an Arrow.
 Chapter LIII - What the General Should Do When Besieged
 Chapter LIV - What Should the General Do When Besieging the Enemy
 Chapter LV - How Should the General Speedily Build a Fort close to Enemy Border Without a Pitched Battle

Summary

Preface
The emperor announces what is in question in this work, that is to say: not to forget the old military tactics and to teach the modern ones. According to him, they seem to be neglected or even forgotten by his generals, he also states that the use of tactics and military knowledge is better than relying on the number of his troops: “[…] it is not with a multitude men whom the war ends happily, […], but by the science of tidying them up, of moving them and of sparing them.

Chapter I-On Tactics and On the General
This first chapter first explains the interpretation of tactics, it is described as “the science of movements that are made in war […] the art of arranging the troops and arranging the various weapons. ". In a second step, one evokes the separation of the military personnel in two categories: "the people intended to fight" (troops on foot and troops on horseback) and "those who follow" (all the servants, doctors and other personnel. non-combatant soldiers). Thirdly, we state what are the functions and responsibilities of a general: “[…] he is in charge of the civil and military administration of the province where he commands, of assembling the dispersed troops, of training them. army corps and to maintain discipline […] ”. This description of responsibility refers to the administrative system of Themes (Greek: θεματα: Themata)

Chapter II-On who the General should be
This chapter sets out many qualities or aspects that a good general or strategist (Greek: στρατηγός, strategos) should possess. Here is the list of the most important:
 He should not rule out of greed, but rather out of devotion to his task: “[…] that he will despise money when he will not allow corruption to be corrupted, that he will govern [...] with no other goal than the honor of them. make it successful. "
 He should not be too young or too old because: "[…] youth is inconstant and without light and […] old age […] lacks the strength to act […]".
 He must be loved by his men: “An affectionate general of the troops will govern them easily […] will not refuse at any risk. "
 He must be a charismatic orator: “The voice of a general is better than the sound of the trumpet; it moves the soul with more force, […] "
 He should not be named after his fortune but rather for his skills regardless of his wealth.
 He must be a faithful and pious Christian: “[…] without his divine assistance nothing will succeed […]; that without it you will not overcome the weakest enemies, because Providence governs everything, […] ”.

Chapter III-On how the Decision should be taken
This chapter deals with the process through which a decision or a plan, whether administrative or military, should go through. It is first necessary to form a council of persons deemed relevant to a deliberation of the plan envisaged by the general. This advice is used to discuss the appropriateness of the plan, how it should be applied and why it should be executed. The participants in the deliberation must always have a public and not a personal vision during the council. It is also advisable that the participants in the debates be discreet so as not to reveal anything, it is also said that an action proposed during a council must be possible and useful otherwise it will be judged as reckless. Finally, it is said that it is possible to hold counseling alone (if that turns out to be the only option).

Chapter IV-On the Division of the Host and the Condition of the Officers
This chapter first deals with recruiting troops whether or not they type of people. Then how the army should organize its troops and which hierarchy to adopt (see Theme ). It is therefore also a question of all the ranks or functions possibly used in an army, here are the most important:

 General (Στρατεγος, Strategos )
 Lieutenant-General (ὑποστρατεγος, Hypostrategos)
 Drongaria (Δρουνγαριος, Droungarios )
 Count (Κόμης, Komes )
 Centurion (Κενταρχος, Kentarchos )
 Decade Rosary (Δεκαρχος, Dekarchos )

Numerous other functions are listed as: the door-sign (Βανδοφορε, Bandophore), the leader (πρωτοστάτης, Protostates), Spies (Σκουλακάτορες, Skoulkatores) Doctors (Σκριβονες, Skribones) and others. Finally, it is also question of the organization of the men in the various formations of displacement and the knowledge required for the Centurions and the Decades.

Chapter V- On Arms
 In this chapter, it is stated that weapons must always be in a condition suitable for immediate use. It is also listed what types of weapons, armor and equipment the different armed troops must be equipped. It is also considered to take into account the use of wagons in the transport of food, weapons, personnel or other materials. The potential use of different siege weapons (if he must have one) is also mentioned, as well as the use of small wooden boats to cross waterways or of transport / warships if the use of these vessels is necessary in the current situation.

Chapter VI-On the Equipment of Cavalry and Infantry
The chapter discusses everything related to armor and paraphernalia of equipment that archers, horsemen and infantrymen must wear (detailing especially the last two). Also categorizing at the same time the different army corps:

 The cavalry: the cataphracts (καταφρακτοι, katafraktoi, a cavalry with heavy armor) and the non-cataphracts (κουρσορσες, koursorses, grouping together jet cavalry and spear cavalry)
 The infantrymen: the shield holders (Σκουτατοι, Skoutatoi , derived from the Greek hoplites ) and the psilists (Πσιλοι, Psiloi , armed with a bow and little protected)

Apart from the equipment enumerations, we find here that various advice: "The more the soldier is armed and dressed neatly, the more it raises his courage and intimidates the enemy." ". Used during winter or rest periods to know that equipment or animals are missing or needed. He concludes the chapter by echoing the ancient types of infantry that are the peltasts and the Macedonian phalanges.

Chapter VII-On Drilling Infantry and Cavalry
This part deals with the different training and tasks that soldiers must do when they are at rest. These exercises should accustom soldiers to the dangers that await them, keep them ready and keep them motivated. The trainings carried out are numerous and different according to the class of the soldier (hoplite, archer, rider, etc.), they can be carried out alone or in groups, it can sometimes be a competition between two teams or the practice of training and voice commands. or simply cleaning and maintenance tasks. All these exercises seek to forge bonds of camaraderie between the soldiers and their officer and to prevent them from becoming idle during their encampment. The chapter describes very precisely the exercises, training and "simulations" battle that can be taught and practiced during these rest periods. There is also a list of voice command to teach soldiers and officers.

Chapter VIII-On Military Punishments
 This section discusses the penalties that can be applied to soldiers and persons of higher rank. These punishments vary greatly depending on the wrongdoing ranging from the death penalty, punishment, corporal punishment, restitution or fine.

Chapter IX-On Marching
This section offers many instructions and tips to follow when moving an army into friendly or enemy territory. It mentions among other things that: the march protects the patrolled region against looting by the enemy, that the soldiers must be disciplined from the start so that they are organized in the event of an attack or that they do not go into rout if a wild beast is crossed and ultimately prevent them from pouncing on potential loot when walking. The chapter also gives several tips and precautions to take in order to prevent accidents or ambushes when the troop must pass through narrow places, passes, rivers or what to do in the absence of a guide. We also find the importance of using scouts and avoiding enemy ones.

Chapter X-On Baggage Trains
This chapter deals with the defense, organization of baggage and the following of an army and these must be protected and safe. The contrary would be very harmful for the soldier going into combat, he must have a serene mind as regards the safety of the non-combatants who follow them (servants, women and children): “[…] the fear of losing what 'we have more money, we only show up for combat with reluctance and trembling. ”. It is also a question of how the protected according to the situation and what type of baggage the soldier must bring according to the situation: long-term expedition, race in enemy territory or border defense.

Chapter XI-On Camps
This part gives advice on the correct setting up of a camp: the choice of the terrain (uncovered and far from a humid environment), avoid being close to a land that the enemy could use, dig a ditch around the camp, always having a guard, always treating the enemy as if they were close, etc. It is also recommended not to stay too long in one place, in order to avoid the accumulation of waste which could lead to disease. If the camp is to last longer, it must be better fortified and the soldiers must remain active and not be idle, while all parties or games are prohibited overnight. The importance of good supplies and the defense of neighboring inhabitants to the camp, if in friendly territory, is still discussed. There are also instructions on moving the camp.

Chapter XII-On Military Preparation
This is about the importance of setting up the army before the battle and its consequences throughout the battle. It cites some advice on which formation is suitable for battle and which ones are less so, the importance that the leader's orders must be understood and transmitted to the different parts of the troop. , the great importance of keeping a force in reserve in case of unforeseen circumstances. It describes many training scenarios according to various needs, but also the entire process leading to the placement decisions of the troops: evaluations of enemy forces, taking into account the terrain, adaptation of the formation according to the factors (enemy, terrain, weather, troops and equipment available).

Chapter XIII-On the Day before Battle
This part of the manual covers the preparations and actions that need to be done a day or two before a battle. We can cite a few:

 Sending a spy towards the enemy in order to prevent a surprise attack and obtain information on their number and equipment.
 Motivate the troops in several possible ways: parade of weak prisoners in front of the soldiers, speeches echoing past and recent glories and try to allay the worries of the soldiers, try to destroy the reputation of the enemy, etc.
  The general must rethink all the factors and possibilities that might arise during the next battle or before: hold counsel (see chapter III).
  Withdraw or fortify the position if the enemy attacks under unfavorable conditions.
  Make provisions for one to two days, in view of the battle.

Chapter XIV-On the Day of Battle
In this chapter, we state many actions that a good leader must do on the day of the battle, such as: sanctifying his army to God, adapting the tactics according to the terrain or the troops of the adversary (archer, rider, etc. .), etc. We also present several scenarios that can occur during the battle: overcrowding of the enemy, overrun, loss of morale of the troops, etc. As well as several directives concerning the line and the formation of the army during the battle: line not too extended, not too thin, too far apart.

Chapter XV- On Besieging a Town
This part evokes some instructions or advice and some war machines that can be used during a siege. These tips are grouped into two parts. When besieging, it is important to fortify oneself against the besieged or their allies, to set up a guard for these same reasons, to put troops in front of the gates and posterns, enemies, an attack in multiple places tires out. opponent and it is essential to check whether the enemy's supply routes (living and water) are cut or exploited, etc. After the siege, it is important to treat people gently in order to gain their affection. While as a defender, it is necessary to amass as much food as possible, to expel the useless mouths (women, children and the elderly) from the city, it is necessary to avoid any dissension among the people remaining in the fortress, the gates will be guarded by the most faithful people, etc. Finally, in both cases, the leader must give as much effort as his soldiers to motivate them and give them speeches that support their morale.

Chapter XVI-On the Actions after the War is Concluded
After a victory, it is described that it is important to give thanks to God for it, to reward those who fought with courage and on the contrary to punish the cowards (as much the soldiers as the officers or a whole body). Loot can be sold, instead of being distributed as a reward, to cover expenses. Prisoners should not be killed, but used as a means of pressure (ransom, etc.) and fallen soldiers should be buried in a grave. While in case of defeat, the army must be invigorated by speeches and punish the enemies if they let their guard down after their victory (in case of victory, remain vigilant towards the enemy). If a truce has been reached, it must be respected, but we must remain on our guard. Finally, one should never refuse an emissary.

Chapter XVII-On Surprise Attacks
 In this chapter, it is about several tactics or methods to bring the good progress of a surprise attack: nocturnal attacks, false abandonment of position, creation of feelings of confidence or superiority in the enemy to then profit from it, etc. . There are also many logistical directives relating to expeditions into enemy territory as well as several instructions on espionage and the estimation of enemy forces.

Chapter XVIII-On the Studying of Various Heathen and Roman Formations
This chapter deals with the battle formations that the Romans can adopt in attack or defense, as well as those of other peoples and their possible countermeasures. There is a description of strategies, customs, histories and fighting cultures:

  The Persians who are presented as loosely disciplined troops, motivate by spoils and zeal for their false worship.
 The ancient Scythians who influenced the Turks and Bulgarians in their surprise attack tactics.
  The Bulgarian Christians who are presented as the vassals of the empire.
  The Turks are presented as formidable fighter, non-Christian, greedy for money, without words whose author describes in detail their equipment and formations.
  The Franks and Lombards are described as brave Christians, who love war, impatient, easy to corrupt, badly endure long privations and who should be the vassals of the Empire.
  The Slavs are Christians described as indefatigable fighter, being able to undergo long deprivation, but refused the vassalage of the Empire. The author even mentions religious conversions made by the Emperor Basil I .
 The Saracens or Arabs are presented as continual unholy adversaries of the Empire, whose military genius places them above other nations and who should not be overlooked, because they imitate and repeat the tactics of the Romans.

In addition to the many tactics and battle order presented, there are also several speeches by the author on the defense of the Christian faith, here are some of them: “[…] always be ready to shed your blood for the support of the faith Christianity, as well as the defense of the faithful […] ”,“ […], we detest their ungodliness, and make war on them for the support of the faith. "And" The zeal of our soldiers will be animated, when they will know that they are fighting for the faith, […] and the rest of all Christians”.

Chapter XIX-On Naval Warfare
This section deals with naval warfare which is described as poorly documented by the author and which was transmitted orally between generals. It describes the specificities that the ships must have, the supplies and the correct positioning of the various crew members as well as their equipment. It especially evokes the Dromon, as the main ship used, but there is also mention of the existence of a larger Dromon which can hold 200 sailors. The author discusses several tactics, formations and naval military strategy that should be used, as well as several precautions to be taken: guarding the ships when the fleet is disembarked to avoid sabotage, etc.

Chapter XX-On Various Maxims
One evokes in this chapter many councils and maxims being able to serve to perfect the "science of the weapons" of which some come from old authors. We can cite these as an example: "[…] share on all occasions the work and fatigue of war with those you command, […]", "your morals must be a model for others.

Epilogue
Here the author recalls the most important lessons a general should have learned: the importance of prayer to God and good piety, what a good general should be and knowing how to use the science of war well (tactics , training and adaptation, etc.).

Conclusions
The twenty first chapters are largely taken from Strategikon written during the reign of the Emperor Maurice between 582 and 602, but they were given at the end of the day and adapted according to the vision of Leon VI around the 10th century.

The text contains some drafting problems, it falls very often in unnecessary repetition and word use, despite the promises of the Emperor's preface to the reader: "I am me not dive elegance and got more attached to the essence of things than to the ornament of speech. I tried as much as I could to make my narration simple, clear and precise.

References

External links
 J.P. Migne's Patrologia Graeca, Vol. 107 contains the original Greek text of the Tactica and a Latin translation (coll. 669-1116)
 The 1917 edition of Rezső Vári is available at Open Library. (Original Greek text and a preface in Latin)

10th-century books
Byzantine military manuals


Habershonia is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae described by Nye in 1975. Its only species, Habershonia areos, was first described by Pieter Cramer in 1777. It is found in the Virgin Islands.

References

Calpinae
Monotypic moth genera


Habrophyes is a monotypic moth genus of the family Noctuidae. Its only species, Habrophyes xuthosoma, is found in Australia where it is found in the Northern Territory and Queensland. Both the genus and species were first described by Alfred Jefferis Turner, the genus in 1920 and the species 11 years earlier in 1909.

The wingspan is about 20 mm. Adults have white forewings with two black bands. The hindwings are grey.

References

Acontiinae
Monotypic moth genera


Habrostolodes is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by George Hampson in 1926.

Butterflies and Moths of the World gives this name as a synonym of Pitara Walker, 1858.

Species
Habrostolodes congressa Walker, 1858
Habrostolodes ocarina Draudt & Gaede, 1944

References

Calpinae


Habryntis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Hadeninae


Hada is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

Species
 Hada armeniaca Hacker, Huber & Kuhna, 1988
 Hada bryoptera (Püngeler, 1900)
 Hada extrita (Staudinger, 1888)
 Hada fraterna Gyulai & Ronkay, 1998
 Hada honeyi Plante, 1982
 Hada lurida (Alphéraky, 1892)
 Hada persa (Alphéraky, 1897)
 Hada plebeja (Linnaeus, 1761)
 Hada sutrina (Grote, 1881)
 Hada tenebra (Hampson, 1905)

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hada at funet

Hadenini


Hadena is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae erected by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802. About fifteen species are native to North America, while over one-hundred are distributed in the Palearctic realm.

Description
Their eyes are hairy. Palpi upturned and clothed with long hairs. Third joint short. Antennae of male ciliated. Thorax squarely scaled and flattened. Abdomen with dorsal tufts on proximal segments. Tibia lack spines. Wings are short and broad. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 from cell or on a very short stalk.

Ecology
Hadena larvae often feed on the seeds of plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, the pinks, and some of the adult moths are pollinators of Silene species. Hadena moths have hairy eyes.

There are about 143 to 149 species in the genus.

Zeteolyga was a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae; it is now considered to be a synonym of Hadena.

Species

 Hadena aberrans (Eversmann, 1856)
 Hadena adriana (Schawerda, 1921)
 Hadena afghana (Brandt, 1947)
 Hadena alba (Vallantin, 1893)
 Hadena albertii Hacker, 1996
 Hadena albimacula (Borkhausen, 1792) – white spot
 Hadena amabilis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1918)
 Hadena archaica Hacker, 1996
 Hadena atlantica (Hampson, 1905)
 Hadena aureomixta (Draudt, 1934)
 Hadena avempacei (Tams, 1925)
 Hadena azorica Meyer & Fibiger, 2002
 Hadena bactriana Hacker, 1996
 Hadena badakhshana Hacker, 1996
 Hadena bicruris (Hufnagel, 1766) – lychnis
 Hadena caelestis Troubridge & Crabo, 2002
 Hadena caesia (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – the grey
 Hadena cailinita (Draudt, 1934)
 Hadena canescens (Brandt, 1947)
 Hadena cappadocia Hacker, 1987
 Hadena capsincola (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
 Hadena capsularis (Guenée, 1852)
 Hadena cavalla Pinker, 1980
 Hadena christophi (Möschler, 1862)
 Hadena chrysocyanea Boursin, 1961
 Hadena chrysographa Hacker, 1996
 Hadena cimelia (Brandt, 1938)
 Hadena circumvadis (Smith, 1902)
 Hadena clara (Staudinger, 1901)
 Hadena compta (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – varied coronet
 Hadena confucii (Draudt, 1950)
 Hadena confusa (Hufnagel, 1766) – marbled coronet
 Hadena consparcatoides (Schawerda, 1928)
 Hadena corrupta (Herz, 1898)
 Hadena danilewskyi Hacker, 1996
 Hadena defreinai Hacker, Kuhna & Gross, 1986
 Hadena dianthoecioides (Boursin, 1940)
 Hadena difficilis Hacker, 1996
 Hadena draudti (Brandt, 1938)
 Hadena drenowskii (Rebel, 1930)
 Hadena dsungarica Hacker, 1996
 Hadena duercki (Draudt, 1934)
 Hadena ectrapela (Smith, 1898) (syn. H. jola (Barnes & Benjamin, 1924))
 Hadena ectypa (Morrison, 1875)
 Hadena elbursica Hacker, 1996
 Hadena esopis (Druce, 1889)
 Hadena esperi Hacker, 1992
 Hadena eximia (Staudinger, 1895)
 Hadena femina Hacker, 1996
 Hadena fibigeri Hacker, 1996
 Hadena filograna (Esper, 1788)
 Hadena finitima Hacker, 1996
 Hadena gabrieli Troubridge & Crabo, 2002
 Hadena gandhara Hacker, 1996
 Hadena germaniciae Boursin, 1959
 Hadena glaciata (Grote, 1882)
 Hadena gueneei (Staudinger, 1901)
 Hadena gyulaii Hacker, 1996
 Hadena heringi (Draudt, 1934)
 Hadena hissarica Hacker, 1996
 Hadena hreblayi Hacker, 1996
 Hadena humilis (Christoph, 1893)
 Hadena hyrcanoides Hacker, 1996
 Hadena ignicola (Warren, 1909)
 Hadena inexpectata Varga, 1979
 Hadena intensa Boursin, 1962
 Hadena irregularis (Hufnagel, 1766) – viper's bugloss
 Hadena karagaia (Bang-Haas, 1912)
 Hadena karsholti Hacker, 1996
 Hadena klapperichi Boursin, 1960
 Hadena kurajica Hacker, 1996
 Hadena labecula Zetterstedt, [1839]
 Hadena lafontainei Troubridge & Crabo, 2002
 Hadena lucida (Brandt, 1938)
 Hadena luteocincta (Rambur, 1834)
 Hadena lypra (Püngeler, 1904)
 Hadena maccabei Troubridge & Crabo, 2002
 Hadena macilenta (Brandt, 1947)
 Hadena magnifica Hacker, 1996
 Hadena magnolii (Boisduval, 1829)
 Hadena melanochroa (Staudinger, [1892])
 Hadena mesolampra (Brandt, 1938)
 Hadena minorata (Smith, 1888)
 Hadena miserabilis (Alphéraky, 1892)
 Hadena montana (Brandt, 1941)
 Hadena musculina (Staudinger, [1892])
 Hadena naumanni Hacker, 1996
 Hadena nebulosa Hacker, 1996
 Hadena neglecta Hacker, 1992
 Hadena nekrasovi Hacker, 1996
 Hadena nevadae (Draudt, 1933)
 Hadena nigricata Pinker, 1969
 Hadena niveifera (Hampson, 1906)
 Hadena nobilis Hacker, 1996
 Hadena nuratina Hacker & Klyuchko, 1996
 Hadena orihuela Hacker, 1996
 Hadena paropamisos Hacker, 1992
 Hadena paulula Troubridge & Crabo, 2002
 Hadena perornata (Draudt, 1950)
 Hadena perpetua Hacker, 1996
 Hadena perplexa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – tawny shears
 Hadena persimilis Hacker, 1996
 Hadena persparcata (Draudt, 1950)
 Hadena pfeifferi (Draudt, 1934)
 Hadena plumasata (Buckett & Bauer, 1967)
 Hadena praetermissa Hacker, 1996
 Hadena pseudoclara Hacker, 1996
 Hadena pseudodealbata Hacker, 1988
 Hadena pseudohyrcana de Freina & Hacker, 1985
 Hadena pumicosa Hacker, 1996
 Hadena pumila (Staudinger, 1878)
 Hadena purpurea Hacker, 1996
 Hadena pygmaea Boursin, 1962
 Hadena quotuma Hacker & Gyulai, 1998
 Hadena rjabovi (Idrisov, 1961)
 Hadena rolleti Lajonquière, 1969
 Hadena ronkayorum Hacker, 1996
 Hadena ruetimeyeri Boursin, 1951
 Hadena salmonea (Draudt, 1934)
 Hadena sancta (Staudinger, 1859)
 Hadena schwingenschussi (Draudt, 1934)
 Hadena scythia Klyuchko & Hacker, 1996
 Hadena secreta Hacker, 1996
 Hadena silenes (Hübner, [1822])
 Hadena silenides (Staudinger, 1895)
 Hadena siskiyou Troubridge & Crabo, 2002
 Hadena sogdiana Hacker, 1996
 Hadena splendida (Draudt, 1950)
 Hadena staudingeri (Draudt, 1934)
 Hadena strouhali Boursin, 1955
 Hadena subhyrcana Hacker, 1996
 Hadena syriaca (Osthelder, 1933)
 Hadena tephrochrysea (Draudt, 1934)
 Hadena tephroleuca (Boisduval, 1833)
 Hadena thecaphaga (Draudt, 1937)
 Hadena thomasi Hacker, 1996
 Hadena tristis (Draudt, 1934)
 Hadena variolata (Smith, 1888)
 Hadena vartianica Hacker, 1996
 Hadena vulcanica (Turati, 1908)
 Hadena vulpecula (Brandt, 1938)
 Hadena wehrlii (Draudt, 1934)
 Hadena weigerti Hacker, 1996
 Hadena wiltshirei (Brandt, 1947)
 Hadena wolfi Hacker, 1992
 Hadena zaprjagaevi Hacker & Nekrasov, 1996

Gallery

References

External links

Hadenini
Taxa named by Franz von Paula Schrank


Hadenella is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. It contains only one species, Hadenella pergentilis, which is found in North America, where it has been recorded from the Pacific Northwest and Alberta south at least to Utah and Colorado in the Rocky Mountains and southern California along the Pacific Coast. The habitat consists of sage steppes.

References

Hadeninae


Hadennia is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Frederic Moore in 1885.

Species
Hadennia angustifascia Holloway, 2008 Borneo, Sumatra, Java
Hadennia emmelodes (Bethune-Baker, 1908) New Guinea
Hadennia harmani Holloway, 2008 Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia
Hadennia hisbonalis (Walker, [1859]) north-eastern Hiamalayas, Taiwan, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo
Hadennia hypenalis (Walker, [1859]) India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo
Hadennia incompleta (Prout, 1928) Borneo, Thailand
Hadennia incongruens (Butler, 1878) Japan, Korea, south-eastern Siberia
Hadennia jutalis (Walker, [1859]) Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Andaman Islands
Hadennia kimae Holloway, 2008 Borneo
Hadennia maculifascia (Hampson, 1895) Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Java, Borneo
Hadennia mysalis (Walker, 1859) Sri Lanka, Japan, Taiwan, Myanmar, Thailand, Andamans, Borneo
Hadennia nakatanii Owada, 1979 Japan
Hadennia nigerrima (C. Swinhoe, 1918) Nias, Borneo, Thailand
Hadennia obliqua (Wileman, 1911) Japan
Hadennia ochreistigma (Hampson, 1895) Myanmar
Hadennia pallifascia Holloway, 1976 Borneo
Hadennia purifascia Prout, 1932 Sumatra
Hadennia subapicibrunnea Holloway, 1976 Borneo, Buru
Hadennia suttoni Holloway, 2008 Borneo
Hadennia transvestita Holloway, 2008 Borneo

References

Herminiinae


Haderonia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

Species
 Haderonia alpina (Draudt, 1950)
 Haderonia aplectoides (Draudt, 1950)
 Haderonia arschanica (Alphéraky, 1882)
 Haderonia chinensis (Draudt, 1950)
 Haderonia contempta (Püngeler, 1914)
 Haderonia iomelas (Draudt, 1950)
 Haderonia khorgossi (Alphéraky, 1882)
 Haderonia lasiestrina (Draudt, 1950)
 Haderonia longicornis (Graeser, 1892)
 Haderonia lupa (Christoph, 1893)
 Haderonia nefasta (Püngeler, 1907)
 Haderonia optima Alphéraky, 1897
 Haderonia persimilis (Draudt, 1950)
 Haderonia proximoides Wiltshire, 1982
 Haderonia subarschanica (Staudinger, 1895)
 Haderonia tancrei (Graeser, 1892)
 Haderonia thermolimna Boursin, 1964
 Haderonia turpis (Staudinger, 1900)
 Haderonia zetina (Staudinger, 1900)

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Haderonia at funet

Hadeninae


Haderonidis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Hadeninae


Hadjina is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. The genus was described by Staudinger in 1891.

Species
 Hadjina atrinota Hampson, 1909
 Hadjina attinis Draudt, 1950
 Hadjina beata (Staudinger, 1895)
 Hadjina biguttula Motschulsky
 Hadjina carcaroda (Distant, 1901)
 Hadjina cinerea Hampson, 1909
 Hadjina cupreipennis (Moore, 1882)
 Hadjina eremita A. Bang-Haas, 1912
 Hadjina ferruginea Hampson, 1909
 Hadjina grisea (Hampson, 1891)
 Hadjina lutosa Staudinger, 1891
 Hadjina modestissima (Snellen, 1877)
 Hadjina obscura Hampson, 1918
 Hadjina palaestinensis (Staudinger, 1895)
 Hadjina pallida (Leech, 1900)
 Hadjina plumbeogrisea (Hampson, 1916)
 Hadjina poliastis (Hampson, 1907)
 Hadjina pyroxantha (Hampson, 1902)
 Hadjina radiata (Leech, 1900)
 Hadjina tyriobaphes Wiltshire, 1983
 Hadjina wichti (Hirschke, 1903)

References

Condicinae


Hadula is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

Species
 Hadula agrotiformis (Hampson, 1896)
 Hadula anthracina (Hacker, 1996)
 Hadula arenaria (Hampson, 1905)
 Hadula armata (Staudinger, 1888)
 Hadula atlantis (Schwingenschuss, 1955)
 Hadula baksana Schintlmeister & Poltawski, 1986
 Hadula basilewskyi (Berio, 1972)
 Hadula bergeri (Berio, 1972)
 Hadula brassicina (Draudt, 1934)
 Hadula chiklika (Moore, 1878)
 Hadula chimaera (Rothschild, 1920)
 Hadula colletti (Sparre-Schneider, 1876)
 Hadula crotchi (Grote, 1880)
 Hadula deserticola (Hampson, 1905)
 Hadula dianthi (Tauscher, 1809)
 Hadula engedina Hacker, 1998
 Hadula eremistis (Püngeler, 1904)
 Hadula eversmanni (Staudinger, 1900)
 Hadula explicata (Sukhareva, 1976)
 Hadula furca (Eversmann, 1852)
 Hadula furcula (Staudinger, 1889)
 Hadula gandhara Hacker, 1998
 Hadula gigantea (Rebel, 1909)
 Hadula gobideserti (Varga, 1973)
 Hadula gredosi (Laever, 1977)
 Hadula halodeserti Varga, 1973
 Hadula halolimna (Gyulai & Varga, 1998)
 Hadula hampsoni Hacker, 1998
 Hadula hoplites (Staudinger, 1901)
 Hadula hreblayi Hacker, 1998
 Hadula imperspicua Hacker, 1998
 Hadula inexpecta (Yoshimoto, 1995)
 Hadula insolita Staudinger, 1889
 Hadula insperata Gyulai & Hacker, 1998
 Hadula isoloma (Püngeler, 1904)
 Hadula latemarginata (Wiltshire, 1976)
 Hadula melanopa – Broad-Bordered White Underwing (Thunberg, 1791)
 Hadula mendax (Staudinger, 1879)
 Hadula mendica (Staudinger, 1895)
 Hadula militzae (Kozhantschikov, 1947)
 Hadula nekrasovi Gyulai & Varga, 1998
 Hadula nigrolunata (Packard, 1867) (mostly placed in the genus Anarta)
 Hadula nupponenorum Hacker & Fibiger, 2002
 Hadula ochrea (Warren, 1909)
 Hadula odontites (Boisduval, 1829)
 Hadula orbona Bang-Haas, 1912
 Hadula osmana Hacker, 1998
 Hadula parvula Hacker, 1998
 Hadula perdentata (Hampson, 1894)
 Hadula ptochica (Püngeler, 1900)
 Hadula pugnax (Hübner, [1824])
 Hadula quercii (Berio, 1941)
 Hadula sabulorum (Alphéraky, 1882)
 Hadula schawyra (Bang-Haas, 1927)
 Hadula schneideri (Staudinger, 1900)
 Hadula sodae (Boisduval, 1829)
 Hadula stigmosa (Christoph, 1887)
 Hadula trifolii – The Nutmeg (Hufnagel, 1766)
 Hadula triphaenopsis (Oberthür, 1893)
 Hadula ultramontana Gyulai & Hacker, 1998
 Hadula vaciva (Püngeler, 1906)
 Hadula vargai (Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998)
 Hadula vassilinini (O. Bang-Haas, 1927)

Former species
 Hadula alta is now Anarta alta (Barnes & Benjamin, 1942)
 Hadula castrae is now Anarta castrae (Barnes & McDunnough, 1912)
 Hadula chartaria is now Anarta chartaria (Grote, 1873)
 Hadula chunka (Smith, 1910) is now a synonym of Anarta crotchii (Grote, 1880)
 Hadula farnhami is now Anarta farnhami (Grote, 1873)
 Hadula fulgora is now Anarta fulgora (Barnes & McDunnough, 1918)
 Hadula hamata is now Anarta hamata (McDunnough, 1930)
 Hadula mutata is now Anarta mutata (Dod, 1913)
 Hadula oaklandiae is now Anarta oaklandiae (McDunnough, 1937)
 Hadula obesula is now Anarta obesula (Smith, 1904)
 Hadula oregonica is now Anarta oregonica (Grote, 1881)
 Hadula projecta is now Anarta projecta (McDunnough, 1938)
 Hadula subalbida is now Anarta subalbida (Barnes & Benjamin, 1924)

References
 Hadula at funet.fi
 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Hadenini


Hadulipolia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Hadeninae


Haemabasis is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by George Hampson in 1913.

Species
Haemabasis calodesma Rothschild, 1905
Haemabasis continua Walker, 1862
Haemabasis pulchrifascia Hulstaert, 1924

References

Catocalinae


Haemachola is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Subspecies include s.lilia, s.natalie, s.vivian, s.alexis and s.jillian.

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Cuculliinae


Haemaphlebia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. The genus was erected by George Hampson in 1910.

Species
Haemaphlebia atripalpis Hampson, 1910 Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Uganda
Haemaphlebia caliginosa Hacker, 2019 Ivory Coast
Haemaphlebia fasciolata Hacker, 2019 Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Somalia
Haemaphlebia fiebigiana Hacker & Stadie, 2019 Uganda
Haemaphlebia gola Hacker, 2019 Liberia
Haemaphlebia lanceolata Hacker, 2019 Burkina Faso
Haemaphlebia pallidifusca Hacker, 2019 Guinea, Tanzania

References

External links

Acontiinae


Haematosticta is a monotypic moth genus of the family Noctuidae. Its only species, Haematosticta sanguiguttata, is found in Sri Lanka. Both the genus and species were first described by George Hampson in 1896.

References

Acontiinae
Monotypic moth genera


Haemerosia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. The genus was erected by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1840.

Species
Haemerosia ionochlora Ronkay, Varga & Hreblay, 1998 Turkmenistan
Subgenus Haemerosia
Haemerosia renalis (Hübner, [1813]) south-eastern Europe, Near East, Turkey, Iraq, western Iran
Haemerosia albicomma Ronkay, Varga & Hreblay, 1998 Turkmenistan (Kopet Dagh)
Haemerosia vassilininei A. Bang-Haas, 1912 Greece, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Iran
Subgenus Gyrohypsoma
Haemerosia sterrha (Staudinger, 1888)

References

Hadeninae


Hakkaria is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Cuculliinae


Haliophyle is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

Species
Haliophyle anthracias (Meyrick, 1899)
Haliophyle compsias (Meyrick, 1899)
Haliophyle connexa (Warren, 1912)
Haliophyle euclidias (Meyrick, 1899)
Haliophyle ferruginea (Swezey, 1932)
Haliophyle flavistigma (Warren, 1912)
Haliophyle ignita (Warren, 1912)
Haliophyle niphadopa (Meyrick, 1899)

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Hadeninae


Halochroa is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by George Hampson in 1926.

Species
Halochroa aequatoria (Mabille, 1879) Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroon, Guinea, Zaire, Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia
Halochroa eudela D. S. Fletcher, 1963 Zaire, Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe

References

Calpinae


Hamodes is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Achille Guenée in 1852.

Species
 Hamodes butleri (Leech, 1900)
 Hamodes crebrerrima Snellen, 1877
 Hamodes lutea (Walker, 1863)
 Hamodes pallida Felder, 1861
 Hamodes pendleburyi Prout, 1932
 Hamodes propitia Boisduval, 1832
 Hamodes simplicia Weymer, 1892
 Hamodes unilinea Swinhoe, 1890

References

Calpinae


Hampsonodes is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

Species
 Hampsonodes albiornis (Druce, 1908)
 Hampsonodes ampliplaga (Walker, 1858)
 Hampsonodes aperiens (Walker, 1857)
 Hampsonodes atrosignata (Zerny, 1916)
 Hampsonodes basicarnea (Walker, 1857)
 Hampsonodes bicornuta (Berio, 1966)
 Hampsonodes bilineata (Maassen, 1890)
 Hampsonodes comaltepeca (Berio, 1966)
 Hampsonodes confisa (Schaus, 1911)
 Hampsonodes dislocata (Walker, [1857])
 Hampsonodes divisa (Berio, 1966)
 Hampsonodes ferrealis (Hampson, 1918)
 Hampsonodes fuscoma (Schaus, 1906)
 Hampsonodes grandimacula (Guenée, 1852)
 Hampsonodes infirma (Schaus, 1894)
 Hampsonodes latifascia (Walker, 1865)
 Hampsonodes leucographa (Hampson, 1910)
 Hampsonodes leucopis (Hampson, 1918)
 Hampsonodes lilacina (E. D. Jones, 1914)
 Hampsonodes maneti (Schaus, 1912)
 Hampsonodes mastoides (Hampson, 1910)
 Hampsonodes melagona (Hampson, 1910)
 Hampsonodes mesochroa (Hampson, 1910)
 Hampsonodes naevia (Guenée, 1852)
 Hampsonodes obconica (Druce, 1908)
 Hampsonodes oliveata (Hampson, 1910)
 Hampsonodes orbica (Hampson, 1910)
 Hampsonodes parta (Schaus, 1894)
 Hampsonodes promentoria (Dognin, 1907)
 Hampsonodes pygmaea (Hampson, 1914)
 Hampsonodes retracta (Hampson, 1910)
 Hampsonodes rhodopis (Druce, 1908)
 Hampsonodes rufula (Dognin, 1907)
 Hampsonodes xanthea (E. D. Jones, 1908)

References

Hadeninae


Crystal Antlers was an American band from Long Beach, California.

History

Origins
The band started in late 2006 in Long Beach, California, as a 3-piece, Kevin Stuart (drums), Errol Davis (guitar) and Jonny Bell (bass/vocals). The three had met in high school music class and later worked together as chimney sweeps. Their first single was recorded at Closer Studio in San Francisco; "Parting Song For The Torn Sky" was later re-mixed for the band's first EP.

After the first single was recorded, Victor Rodriguez-Guerrero joined the band on organ. In 2007, Damian Edwards joined on percussion. A second single was released in 2007 under the label Backflip, out of Orange, California, produced by guitarist Michael Belfer, and recorded at Mama Jo's; this song, "Until The Sun Dies (Part 2)", was likewise later re-recorded for the EP.

Crystal Antlers EP, Tentacles, and Touch & Go Records (2008–2009)
In the fall of 2007, Crystal Antlers began recording its first EP, Crystal Antlers, with producer Ikey Owens, who had been making regular guest appearances with the band for several months. After the majority of the tracking was complete, guitarist Errol Davis left the band to pursue other interests and Andrew King joined. The EP was released in March 2008. In summer 2008 the band signed with the label Touch and Go records, who re-issued the EP with new art by Jefferson Mayday Mayday.

Tentacles, their debut LP, was released on April 7, 2009, as the last new release issued by Touch and Go. The band spent the rest of 2009 touring the US and Europe in support of the release.

2010
In the summer of 2009, organist Victor Rodriguez-Guerrero left the band and was replaced by Cora Foxx. In the fall of 2009 the band self-released a tape entitled Tapes Volume 1 Tentacles Era, featuring home recordings, previously unreleased demos and other rarities. The tape is to be the first in a series of very limited hand-made releases by the band.

In February 2010, the band briefly moved into a barn in La Punta Banda, Mexico, to begin writing for its next album, Two-Way Mirror, which was released in summer 2011.

2013
On October 15, the band released its third album, Nothing Is Real, on the boutique Los Angeles label Innovative Leisure.

Members
Current
Jonny Bell – bass, woodwinds, vocals
Andrew King – guitar
Kevin Stuart – drums

Former
Victor Rodriguez - organ
Errol Davis – guitar, organ
Cora Foxx - organ
Damian Edwards – percussion

Discography
Studio albums

Singles

Collections and compilations

References
Notes

External links
www.crystalantlers.com

Indie rock musical groups from California
Touch and Go Records artists
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Psychedelic rock music groups from California


Hapalotis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Hadeninae


Hapda is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae described by Nye in 1975. It was first described by Francis Walker in 1863 as Dapha. Its only species, Hapda exhibens, was described by Walker in 1863.

References

Hypeninae
Monotypic moth genera


Haplocestra is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

References
 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Hadeninae


Haplopseustis is a monotypic moth genus of the family Noctuidae. Its only species, Haplopseustis erythrias, is found in Australia where it has been found in the Northern Territory and
Queensland. Both the genus and species were first described by Edward Meyrick in 1902.

References

Acontiinae
Monotypic moth genera


Haplostola is a monotypic moth genus of the family Noctuidae. Its only species, Haplostola aphelioides, is found in Puerto Rico. Both the genus and species were first described by Heinrich Benno Möschler in 1890.

References

Acontiinae
Monotypic moth genera


Harita is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Frederic Moore in 1882.

Species
Harita belinda (Butler, 1879) Japan
Harita brachyphylla (Turner, 1903) Queensland
Harita irregularis Holloway, 1979 New Caledonia
Harita nebulosa  Moore, 1881) Darjeeling
Harita nodyna (Bethune-Baker, 1908) New Guinea
Harita rectilinea Moore, 1882 Khasi Hills, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo

References

Hypeninae
Moth genera


Haritalopha is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by George Hampson in 1895.

Species
Haritalopha biparticolor Hampson, 1895 Bhutan
Haritalopha indentalis (Wileman, 1915) Taiwan

References

Calpinae


Harpaglaea is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Cuculliinae


Harpagophana is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

Species
 Harpagophana hilaris (Staudinger, 1895)

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Harpagophana at funet

Cuculliinae


Harrisimemna is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. The genus was erected by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1873.

Species
Harrisimemna trisignata (Walker, 1856) Ontario, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Missouri
Harrisimemna marmorata Hampson, 1908 Japan

References

Acronictinae


Harutaeographa is a moth genus in the family Noctuidae.

Species
 Harutaeographa adusta Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999
 Harutaeographa akos (Hreblay, 1996)
 Harutaeographa babai (Sugi & Sakurai, 1994)
 Harutaeographa bicolorata Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
 Harutaeographa bidui (Hreblay & Plante, 1996)
 Harutaeographa brahma Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
 Harutaeographa brumosa Yoshimoto, 1994
 Harutaeographa caerulea Yoshimoto, 1993
 Harutaeographa castanea Yoshimoto, 1993
 Harutaeographa castaneipennis (Hampson, 1894)
 Harutaeographa cinerea Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
 Harutaeographa craspedophora (Boursin, 1969)
 Harutaeographa diffusa Yoshimoto, 1994
 Harutaeographa elphinia Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999
 Harutaeographa eriza (Swinhoe, 1901)
 Harutaeographa fasciculata (Hampson, 1894)
 Harutaeographa ferrosticta (Hampson, 1894)
 Harutaeographa ganeshi Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
 Harutaeographa izabella Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
 Harutaeographa kofka Hreblay, 1996
 Harutaeographa loeffleri Ronkay, Ronkay, Gyulai & Hacker, 2010
 Harutaeographa maria Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999
 Harutaeographa marpha Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999
 Harutaeographa monimalis (Draudt, 1950)
 Harutaeographa odavissa Ronkay, Ronkay, Gyulai & Hacker, 2010
 Harutaeographa orias Hreblay, 1996
 Harutaeographa pallida Yoshimoto, 1993
 Harutaeographa pinkisherpani Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
 Harutaeographa rama Hreblay & Plante, 1996
 Harutaeographa rubida (Hampson, 1894)
 Harutaeographa saba Hreblay & Plante, 1996
 Harutaeographa seibaldi Ronkay, Ronkay, Gyulai & Hacker, 2010
 Harutaeographa shui Benedek & Saldaitis, 2012
 Harutaeographa siva Hreblay, 1996
 Harutaeographa stangelmaieri Ronkay, Ronkay, Gyulai & Hacker, 2010
 Harutaeographa stenoptera (Staudinger, 1892)
 Harutaeographa yangzisherpani Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999

References
 Harutaeographa at funet.fi
 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Orthosiini


Hebdomochondra is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

Species
 Hebdomochondra syrticola Staudinger, 1879

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hebdomochondra at funet

Heliothinae


Hecatera is a moth genus in the family Noctuidae erected by Achille Guenée in 1852.

Species
 Hecatera agrapha (Boursin, 1960)
 Hecatera bicolorata (Hufnagel, 1766) – broad-barred white
 Hecatera cappa (Hübner, [1809])
 Hecatera confusa (Sugi, 1982)
 Hecatera confusa Leech, 1900
 Hecatera constantialis (Boursin, 1960)
 Hecatera corsica (Rambur, 1832)
 Hecatera deserticola (Staudinger, 1879)
 Hecatera digramme (Fischer von Waldheim, 1820)
 Hecatera disjuncta Hacker & Fibiger, 1999
 Hecatera dysodea (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – small ranunculus
 Hecatera filipjevi (Draudt, 1934)
 Hecatera fixseni (Christoph, 1882)
 Hecatera maderae (Bethune-Baker, 1891)
 Hecatera mirabilis (Staudinger, 1888)
 Hecatera rhodocharis (Brandt, 1938)
 Hecatera weissi (Draudt, 1934)

External links

Hadenini


Richmond Place, now known as Asgill House, is a Grade I listed 18th-century Palladian villa on Old Palace Lane in Richmond, London (historically in Surrey), overlooking the River Thames. The house is on the former site of the river frontage and later the brewhouse for the medieval and Tudor Richmond Palace. It is  from Charing Cross and was built in 1757–58 by Sir Robert Taylor as a summer and weekend parkland villa beside the River Thames for Sir Charles Asgill, who was Lord Mayor of London in 1761–62. It has been described as a "among the last villas of importance to be erected on the banks of the Thames".

It was returned to its original appearance in a restoration of 1969–70 by Donald Insall Associates. This included removing the Victorian extensions.

Asgill House is now leased from the Crown Estate as a private residence.

The rear garden contains a 200-year-old copper beech tree, one of the Great Trees of London.

Gallery

References

1757 establishments in England
Buildings and structures on the River Thames
Crown Estate
Grade I listed buildings in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
Grade I listed houses in London
History of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
Houses completed in 1758
Houses in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
Palladian architecture in England
Richmond, London
Robert Taylor buildings
Villas in the United Kingdom


Hecatesia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. The genus was erected by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1829.

Species
 Hecatesia exultans Walker, [1865]
 Hecatesia fenestrata Boisduval, 1829
 Hecatesia thyridion Feisthamel, 1839

References

Agaristinae


Hedymiges is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Hadeninae


Helia  is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner in 1818.

Species
 Helia agna (Druce, 1890)
 Helia albibasalis (Schaus, 1914)
 Helia argentipes (Walker, 1869) (syn: Helia digna (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1874))
 Helia bilunulalis (Walker, 1865) (syn: Helia yrias (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1874))
 Helia calligramma Hübner, 1818 (syn: Helia albirena (Walker, 1865), Helia amoena (Walker, 1865), Helia subnigra (Schaus, 1912))
 Helia carbonalis Guenée, 1854
 Helia celita (Schaus, 1912)
 Helia compacta (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1874)
 Helia cymansis Hampson, 1924
 Helia dentata (Walker, 1865)
 Helia erebea (Schaus, 1914)
 Helia exsiccata (Walker, 1858) (syn: Helia aezica (Druce, 1890), Helia caliginosa (Walker, 1865))
 Helia extranea (Walker, 1865) (syn: Helia dives (Walker, 1865), Helia frontalis (Walker, 1865))
 Helia hermelina (Guenée, 1852) (syn: Helia anguinea (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1874), Helia cruciata (Guenée, 1852), Helia diversa (Walker, 1865))
 Helia homopteridia (Schaus, 1912)
 Helia lampetia Druce, 1890
 Helia mollealis (Walker, 1858) (syn: Helia discalis (Walker, 1862))
 Helia serralis Mabille, 1880
 Helia subjuga (Dognin, 1912)
 Helia vitriluna (Guenée, 1852)

References

Omopterini
Moth genera


Heliocheilus is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. Former synonyms include Canthylidia (Butler, 1886).

Species

 Heliocheilus abaccheutus Matthews, 1999
 Heliocheilus aberrans (Butler, 1886)
 Heliocheilus albipunctella (de Joannis, 1925)
 Heliocheilus albivenata (Montague, 1914)
 Heliocheilus aleurota (Lower, 1902)
 Heliocheilus atrilinea (Turner, 1943)
 Heliocheilus biocularis (Gaede, 1915)
 Heliocheilus canusina (Swinhoe, 1901)
 Heliocheilus cistella (Swinhoe, 1901)
 Heliocheilus cladotus Swinhoe, 1901
 Heliocheilus confertissima (Walker, 1865)
 Heliocheilus cramboides (Guenée, 1852)
 Heliocheilus eodora (Meyrick, 1902)
 Heliocheilus ferruginosa (Turner, 1911)
 Heliocheilus fervens Butler 1881
 Heliocheilus flavitincta (Lower, 1908)
 Heliocheilus fumata (Lucas, 1890)
 Heliocheilus halimolimnus Matthews, 1999
 Heliocheilus ionola (Swinhoe, 1901)
 Heliocheilus julia (Grote, 1883)
 Heliocheilus lupatus (Grote, 1875)
 Heliocheilus melibaphes (Hampson, 1903)
 Heliocheilus mesoleuca (Lower, 1902)
 Heliocheilus moribunda (Guenée, 1852)
 Heliocheilus multiradiata (Hampson, 1902)
 Heliocheilus neurota (Lower, 1903)
 Heliocheilus pallida (Butler, 1886)
 Heliocheilus paradoxus Grote, 1865
 Heliocheilus puncticulata (Warren, 1913)
 Heliocheilus ranalaetensis Matthews, 1999
 Heliocheilus rhodopolia (Turner, 1911)
 Heliocheilus stigmatia (Hampson, 1903)
 Heliocheilus thelycritus Matthews, 1999
 Heliocheilus thomalae (Gaede, 1915)
 Heliocheilus toralis (Grote, 1881)
 Heliocheilus turbata (Walker, 1858)
 Heliocheilus vulpinotatus Matthews, 1999

References
 Heliocheilus at funet.fi
 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Heliothinae
Noctuoidea genera

Taxa named by Augustus Radcliffe Grote
Insects described in 1865


Heliodes is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Hadeninae


Heliolonche is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

Species
 Heliolonche carolus McDunnough, 1936
 Heliolonche celeris (Grote, 1873)
 Heliolonche joaquinensis Hardwick, 1996
 Heliolonche modicella Grote, 1873
 Heliolonche pictipennis (Grote, 1875)

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Heliolonche at funet

Heliothinae


Helionycta is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae. Its only species, Helionycta grisea, is found in Bolivia. Both the genus and the species were first described by Köhler in 1979.

References

Calpinae
Monotypic moth genera


GhostNet () is the name given by researchers at the Information Warfare Monitor to a large-scale cyber spying operation discovered in March 2009. The operation is likely associated with an advanced persistent threat, or a network actor that spies undetected. Its command and control infrastructure is based mainly in the People's Republic of China and GhostNet has infiltrated high-value political, economic and media locations in 103 countries. Computer systems belonging to embassies, foreign ministries and other government offices, and the Dalai Lama's Tibetan exile centers in India, London and New York City were compromised.

Discovery
GhostNet was discovered and named following a 10-month investigation by the Infowar Monitor (IWM), carried out after IWM researchers approached the Dalai Lama's representative in Geneva suspecting that their computer network had been infiltrated. The IWM is composed of researchers from The SecDev Group and Canadian consultancy and the Citizen Lab, Munk School of Global Affairs at the University of Toronto; the research findings were published in the Infowar Monitor, an affiliated publication. Researchers from the University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory, supported by the Institute for Information Infrastructure Protection, also contributed to the investigation at one of the three locations in Dharamshala, where the Tibetan government-in-exile is located.  The discovery of the 'GhostNet', and details of its operations, were reported by The New York Times on March 29, 2009. Investigators focused initially on allegations of Chinese cyber-espionage against the Tibetan exile community, such as instances where email correspondence and other data were extracted.

Compromised systems were discovered in the embassies of India, South Korea, Indonesia, Romania, Cyprus, Malta, Thailand, Taiwan, Portugal, Germany and Pakistan and the office of the Prime Minister of Laos. The foreign ministries of Iran, Bangladesh, Latvia, Indonesia, Philippines, Brunei, Barbados and Bhutan were also targeted. No evidence was found that U.S. or UK government offices were infiltrated, although a NATO computer was monitored for half a day and the computers of the Indian embassy in Washington, D.C., were infiltrated.

Since its discovery, GhostNet has attacked other government networks, for example Canadian official financial departments in early 2011, forcing them off-line. Governments commonly do not admit such attacks, which must be verified by official but anonymous sources.

Technical functionality
Emails are sent to target organizations that contain contextually relevant information. These emails contain malicious attachments, that when opened, enable a trojan horse to access the system. This Trojan connects back to a control server, usually located in China, to receive commands. The infected computer will then execute the command specified by the control server. Occasionally, the command specified by the control server will cause the infected computer to download and install a trojan known as Gh0st Rat that allows attackers to gain complete, real-time control of computers running Microsoft Windows. Such a computer can be controlled or inspected by attackers, and the software even has the ability to turn on camera and audio-recording functions of infected computers, enabling attackers to perform surveillance.

Origin
The researchers from the IWM stated they could not conclude that the Chinese government was responsible for the spy network. However, a report from researchers at the University of Cambridge says they believe that the Chinese government is behind the intrusions they analyzed at the Office of the Dalai Lama.

Researchers have also noted the possibility that GhostNet was an operation run by private citizens in China for profit or for patriotic reasons, or created by intelligence agencies from other countries such as Russia or the United States. The Chinese government has stated that China "strictly forbids any cyber crime."

The "Ghostnet Report" documents several unrelated infections at Tibetan-related organizations in addition to the Ghostnet infections. By using the email addresses provided by the IWM report, Scott J. Henderson had managed to trace one of the operators of one of the infections (non-Ghostnet) to Chengdu. He identifies the hacker as a 27-year-old man who had attended the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and currently connected with the Chinese hacker underground.

Despite the lack of evidence to pinpoint the Chinese government as responsible for intrusions against Tibetan-related targets, researchers at Cambridge have found actions taken by Chinese government officials that corresponded with the information obtained via computer intrusions. One such incident involved a diplomat who was pressured by Beijing after receiving an email invitation to a visit with the Dalai Lama from his representatives.

Another incident involved a Tibetan woman who was interrogated by Chinese intelligence officers and was shown transcripts of her online conversations. However, there are other possible explanations for this event. Drelwa uses QQ and other instant messengers to communicate with Chinese Internet users. In 2008, IWM found that TOM-Skype, the Chinese version of Skype, was logging and storing text messages exchanged between users. It is possible that the Chinese authorities acquired the chat transcripts through these means.

IWM researchers have also found that when detected, GhostNet is consistently controlled from IP addresses located on the island of Hainan, China, and have pointed out that Hainan is home to the Lingshui signals intelligence facility and the Third Technical Department of the People's Liberation Army. Furthermore, one of GhostNet's four control servers has been revealed to be a .

See also
 Advanced persistent threat
 Chinese intelligence activity abroad
 Chinese cyberwarfare
 Chinese espionage in the United States
 Cyber-warfare
 Economic and industrial espionage
 Honker Union
 Internet censorship in China
 Operation Aurora
 RedHack (from Turkey)
 Titan Rain
 Shadow Network
 14th Dalai Lama

References

External links
 The SecDev Group
 Citizen Lab at the University of Toronto
 Tracking GhostNet: Investigating a Cyber Espionage Network (Infowar Monitor Report (SecDev and Citize Lab), March 29, 2009)
 F-Secure Mirror of the report PDF
 Information Warfare Monitor - Tracking Cyberpower (University of Toronto, Canada/Munk Centre)
 Twitter: InfowarMonitor

 Bodmer, Kilger, Carpenter, & Jones (2012). Reverse Deception: Organized Cyber Threat Counter-Exploitation. New York: McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. ,

Open-source intelligence
Spyware
Espionage projects
Cyberwarfare by China
2009 in China
Mass intelligence-gathering systems
Cyberattacks
Cyberwarfare
Cyberattack gangs
Chinese advanced persistent threat groups
Cybercrime in India


Heliophisma is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

Species
Heliophisma catocalina (Holland, 1894)
Heliophisma klugii (Boisduval, 1833)
Heliophisma xanthoptera (Hampson, 1910)

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Catocalinae


Heliophobus is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Hadeninae


Helioscota is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Hadeninae


Heliosea is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Heliothinae


Heliothodes is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

Species
The genus includes the following species:

 Heliothodes diminutivus (Grote, 1873)
 Heliothodes joaquin McDunnough, 1946

References
 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
 Heliothodes at funet

Heliothinae


Helivictoria is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Heliothinae


Helotropha is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

Species
 Helotropha leucostigma (Hübner, [1808])
 Helotropha reniformis (Grote, 1874)

References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Helotropha at funet

Apameini