Jonathan Maxcy (September 2, 1768 – June 4, 1820) was an American Baptist minister and college president.  He was the second president of Brown University (then known as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island & Providence Plantations), of which he was also a graduate; the third president of Union College; and the first president of the University of South Carolina (then known as the South Carolina College).

Early life
Jonathan Maxcy was born 2 Sep 1768, in the town of Attleboro, Massachusetts Bay, British American Colonies. Johnathan married Susannah Hopkins in Providence, Rhode Island on August 27, 1791. His younger brother was Virgil Maxcy, a Maryland political figure who was killed in the explosion of the . He was educated at an academy in Wrentham, Massachusetts, and then attended Brown University, from which he graduated in 1787. In 1789, he was baptized by James Manning, the first president of Brown.

Baptist ministry
In 1790, Maxcy was licensed to preach by First Baptist Church in Providence and the next year, following Manning's death, he became pastor of First Baptist Church. In 1796, Jonathan Maxcy authored the well known Discourse Designed to Explain the Doctrine of Atonement which became a widely consulted work on Edwardsean theological views that found expression in the Second Great Awakening.  The first president of the Southern Baptist Convention William Bullein Johnson was one of Maxcy's theological protégés.

Race and Slavery
While unclear whether Macxy himself owned slaves or took a position on slavery, the Maxcys were said to have been sympathetic towards slavery as Jonathan Maxcy's father Levi owned at least one slave. Maxcy also held close relationships with a number of prominent southern slave owners, including Furman, leading many to believe he defended the great american evil.

Brown University presidency
In 1789, he was elected a trustee of and appointed professor of divinity at Brown. In 1792, at only 24 years of age, he was elected president pro tempore of the College of Rhode Island & Providence Plantations, now Brown University, and therefore resigned as pastor of First Baptist Church. He was formally elected president of the college in 1797 after which he served until 1802.

Professor Romeo Elton wrote of the Maxcy presidency at Brown:

The University over which he presided with distinguished honor to himself and benefit to the public, flourished under his administration, and his fame was extended over every section of the Union. The splendor of his genius, and his brilliant talents as an orator and a divine, were seen and admired by all. ... Under his administration the College acquired a reputation for belles-lettres and eloquence inferior to no seminary of learning in the United States. His pupils saw in him an admirable model for their imitation, and the influence of his pure and cultivated taste was seen in their literary performances. Though destitute of funds, and patronage from the legislature of the state, guided by his genius and wisdom, the College flourished and diffused its light over every part of the country. ... Dr. Maxcy was one of the most learned men which our country has produced. Criticism, metaphysics, politics, morals, and theology all occupied his attention. His stores of knowledge were immense, and he had at all times the command over them.

Union College presidency
In 1801, Jonathan Edwards Jr., the second president of Union College in Schenectady, New York, died and Maxcy succeeded him as its third president.

University of South Carolina presidency
Maxcy left Union College in 1804 to become the first president of the South Carolina College, now the University of South Carolina, where he remained until his death on June 4, 1820.

Honors and memorials
While president of Brown, Maxcy received the honorary degree of D.D. from Harvard. At Brown, Maxcy Hall built in 1895 and still in use was named for him. A building at Union College bore the name Maxcy House from  1971 until 1990 when its name was changed to Fero House. In 1827 the Maxcy Monument designed by noted architect Robert Mills was erected in the center of the Horseshoe, the main quadrangle of the University of South Carolina. In 1937 Maxcy College was built just north of the Horseshoe facing Pendleton Street.

Personal life
Maxcy married Susanna Hopkins, daughter of Commodore Esek Hopkins and niece of former Royal Governor of Rhode Island and first Brown University chancellor Stephen Hopkins of Providence. They had at least 3 daughters and 4 sons.

See also

 List of presidents of Brown University
 List of presidents of the University of South Carolina

References

External links

Biography in the Encyclopedia Brunoniana
Brown University's John Hay Library
Biography from Union College
Works by Maxcy
Furman University's Special Collection on Baptists
Baptist Identity and Christian Higher Education, monograph by Donald D. Schmeltekopf and Dianna M. Vitanza

1768 births
1820 deaths
18th-century Baptist ministers from the United States
American educational theorists
Brown University alumni
History of Christianity in the United States
Presidents of Brown University
University and college founders
Presidents of the University of South Carolina
Presidents of Union College (New York)


Arango is one of fifteen parishes (administrative divisions) in Pravia, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 264 (INE 2007).

Villages and hamlets
 Allence
 Arborio (Arboriu)
 Caunedo (Caunéu)
 La Braña
 La Fungal (La Xungal)
 Las Tablas
 Pontevega (Ponteveiga)
 Prada
 Quintana
 Ribero (Riberu)
 San Pelayo
 Travesedo (Traveséu)

References

Parishes in Pravia


The  was one of the armaments expansion plan of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN).

Background
In 1939, the IJN started new naval armaments expansion plan. It extended to 80 warships and 75 Naval Air Groups by 1.6 billion JPY.

Table of vessels
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
| width="12%" | Category
| width="6%" | Class
| width="8%" | Vessel number(s)
| width="20%" | Completed
| width="16%" | Converted
| width="12%" | Cancelled
|-
| Training cruiser
| Katori
| #101
| Kashii (#101)
|
|
|-
| Minelayer
| Hatsutaka
| #102
| Wakataka (#102)
|
|
|-
| Combat support ship
| Sunosaki
| #103
| Sunosaki (#103)
|
|
|-
| Destroyer Type-B
| Akizuki
| #104–109
| Akizuki (#104), Teruzuki (#105),  Suzutsuki (#106), Hatsuzuki (#107), Niizuki (#108), Wakatsuki (#109)
|
|
|-
| Battleship
| Yamato
| rowspan="2"|#110–111
|
| #110 was converted to aircraft carrier
| #111
|-
| Aircraft carrier
| Shinano
| Shinano (#110)
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|Destroyer Type-A
| Kagerō
| #112–114
| Arashi (#112), Hagikaze (#113),  Maikaze (#114), Akigumo (#115)
| #115 was converted from the Yūgumo class
|
|-
| Yūgumo
| #115–129
| Yūgumo (#116), Makigumo (#117),  Kazagumo (#118), Naganami (#119), Makinami (#120), Takanami (#121), Ōnami (#122), Kiyonami (#123), Tamanami (#124), Suzunami (#126), Fujinami (#127)
| #115 was converted to the Kagerō class#125 was converted to the Shimakaze class#128 and #129 were dummy of naval budget of the Yamato-class battleships
|
|-
| Destroyer Type-C
| Shimakaze
|
| Shimakaze (#125)
|
|-
| Aircraft carrier
| Taihō
| #130
| Taihō (#130)
|
|
|-
| Seaplane tender
| Akitsushima
| #131
| Akitsushima (#131)
|
|
|-
| Light cruiser Type-B
| Agano
| #132–135
| Agano (#132), Noshiro (#133), Yahagi (#134), Sakawa (#135)
|
|
|-
| Light cruiser Type-C
| Ōyodo
| #136–137
| Ōyodo (#136)
|
| #137
|-
| Cruiser submarine Type-A
| I-9
| #138
| I-11 (#138)
|
|
|-
| Cruiser submarine Type-B
| I-15
| #139–153
| I-26 (#139) to I-39 (#152)
| #153 was dummy of naval budget of the Yamato-class battleships
|
|-
| Large sized submarine
| I-176
| #154–163
| I-176 (#154) to I-185 (#163)
|
|
|-
| Minesweeper
| No.19
| #164–169
| No.19 (#164) to No.24 (#169)
|
|
|-
| Minelayer
| Sokuten
| #170–179
| Hirashima (#170), Hōko (#171), Ishizaki (#172), Takashima (#173), Saishū (#174), Niizaki (#175), Yurijima (#176), Nuwajima (#177), Maeshima (#178)
|
| #179
|-
| Subchaser
| No.13
| #180–183
| [[Japanese submarine chaser No.13|No.13']] (#180) to No.16 (#183)
|
|
|-
| Cable layer
| Hashima
|
| Hashima, Tsurushima, Ōdate, Tateishi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|Food supply ship
| No.4006
|
| No.4006 (later renamed Kinesaki)
|
|
|-
| No.4007
|
| No.4007 (later renamed Nosaki)
|
|
|-
|}

Notes

References
 Senshi Sōsho Vol.31, Naval armaments and war preparation (1), "Until November 1941"'', Asagumo Simbun (Japan), November 1969

See also
 1st Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru 1 Keikaku, 1931)
 2nd Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru 2 Keikaku, 1934)
 3rd Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru 3 Keikaku, 1937)
 Temporal Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru Rin Keikaku, 1940)
 Rapidly Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru Kyū Keikaku, 1941)
 Additional Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru Tui Keikaku, 1941)
 5th Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru 5 Keikaku, 1941)
 6th Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru 6 Keikaku, 1942)
 Modified 5th Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Kai-Maru 5 Keikaku, 1942)
 Wartime Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Maru Sen Keikaku, 1944)
 マル4計画 (ja)

Imperial Japanese Navy
Military history of Japan


Sirikonda is a village in the Nizamabad district of Telangana, India.

References

Villages in Nizamabad district


Edik Sajaia (; born 16 February 1981) is a Georgian former professional footballer who also holds Russian citizenship.

Club career
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 2001 for FC Torpedo Moscow. He played 2 games in the UEFA Cup 2001–02 for FC Torpedo Moscow.

External links

1981 births
Living people
Men's footballers from Georgia (country)
Expatriate men's footballers from Georgia (country)
Georgia (country) men's international footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Erovnuli Liga players
FC Torpedo Moscow players
FC Dinamo Tbilisi players
FC WIT Georgia players
FC Locomotive Tbilisi players
FC Borjomi players
FC Anzhi Makhachkala players
Russian Premier League players
FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod players
FC Khimki players
FC Arsenal Tula players
FC Zestafoni players
FC Chikhura Sachkhere players
FC Sasco Tbilisi players
Men's association football defenders
Place of birth missing (living people)


Corias is one of fifteen parishes (administrative divisions) in Pravia, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 232 (INE 2007).

Villages and hamlets
 Corias (Courias)
 Las Campas
 Luerces (Lluercis)
 Palla
 Repollés (Repollis)
 Vegañán (Veigañán)
 Villanueva

References

Parishes in Pravia


Loch Broom is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located  in Pictou County. It is named after Loch Broom () in Scotland.

References
 Loch Broom on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Pictou County
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Escoredo is one of fifteen parishes (administrative divisions) in Pravia, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 77 (INE 2011).

Villages and hamlets
 Castañedo (Castañéu)
 Escoredo (Escoréu)
 La Pandiella
 Los Llanos
 Ocea (Ucea)
 La Vidur
 Villarigán

References

Parishes in Pravia


Chuo University Suginami High School () is a high school in Tokyo, Japan, by Chuo University, a mainly law school.

History
Chuo Suginami was established by Chuo University as a feeder school. The first principal, Suzuki Takashi, a literature professor, opened the school in early 1963. In 1975, a new classroom building, gymnasium and administration building were built. Originally an all-boys school, Chuo Suginami shifted to a mixed gender system in 1990, and classes had integrated genders by 1992.

Sister School
Beginning in July 2002, as part of a plan to teach Cross Cultural Sensitivity to students and allow them to experience a unique culture that they would otherwise not have the chance to, Chuo Suginami and Unity College, Murray Bridge, Australia, have been involved in a biannual student exchange program. In July 2002, the 16 Chuo Suginami students involved in the first exchange visited Australian landmarks such as Kangaroo Island and were the guests of honour at a welcoming ceremony held by Unity College. The Unity students went on their first exchange to Chuo Suginami in December 2003. During this visit, the then-principal, Neville Grieger, gave an address in Japanese to the school at a welcoming ceremony. One year later, Chuo Suginami and Unity College officially became sister schools.

At the beginning of each exchange, gifts are given by each school. Some of these gifts given by Unity include local produce such as a photograph of the Murray River, handmade items and other things unique to the area. Gifts given by Chuo Suginami include a mirror, calligraphy set and a hand-painted bowl. This is an example of the culture students on the exchange exhibit, as gift giving is customary in Japanese society.

The school's goal is to continue student exchanges with Chuo Suginami and maintain a strong bond with them, as well as to encourage students to go to Japan for longer periods of time and continue to improve their Japanese language skills.

See also
Unity College, Murray Bridge, part of an exchange program with Chuo University Suginami High School

References

External links
School Website

High schools in Tokyo


Yevgeni Nikolayevich Shcherbakov (; born 18 February 1986) is a Russian former professional footballer.

Club career
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League for FC Amkar Perm on 17 March 2006 in a game against FC Moscow.

External links

1986 births
People from Minusinsk
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
FC Dynamo Barnaul players
FC Amkar Perm players
FC Anzhi Makhachkala players
Russian Premier League players
FC Sokol Saratov players
FC Irtysh Omsk players
FC Novokuznetsk players
FC Sakhalin Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk players
FC Chita players
Footballers from Krasnoyarsk Krai


Knoydart  is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located  in the Municipality of the County of Antigonish.  It is named after Knoydart () in Scotland.

The community is most notable for the Culloden Memorial Cairn, commemorating three men who fought on the side of Bonnie Prince Charlie at the Battle of Culloden and emigrated to the area in the 1780s.  The Cairn was erected in 1938 and commemorates Angus MacDonald, Hugh MacDonald and John MacPherson – who are buried near the historic monument. The three men fought for the Jacobite cause in the Clan Ranald Regiment. The stone is a replica of the Cairn on the battlefield in Scotland and contains stones from the battlefield.

Each year since 1982, there is a ceremony to commemorate the day of the battle which is attended by over 300 people.

References

 Knoydart on Destination Nova Scotia
 The Culloden Memorial website

Communities in Pictou County
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


Pharnacia is a tropical Asian genus of stick insects in the family Phasmatidae and subfamily Clitumninae (tribe Pharnaciini). Some species formerly placed in this genus have been reassigned to Phobaeticus.

Species
The Catalogue of Life lists:
 Pharnacia borneensis Hennemann & Conle, 2008
 Pharnacia heros Redtenbacher, 1908
 Pharnacia kalag Zompro, 2005
 Pharnacia palawanica Hennemann & Conle, 2008
 Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 - type species
 Pharnacia rex (Günther, 1928)
 Pharnacia sumatrana (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907)
 Pharnacia tirachus (Westwood, 1859)

References

External links

Phasmatodea genera
Phasmatodea of Asia


Rose Sutro (15 September 187011 January 1957) and Ottilie Sutro (4 January 187212 September 1970) were American sisters who were notable as one of the first recognised duo-piano teams.  It has been claimed they were the first such team, but Willi and Louis Thern preceded them by almost 30 years. They were also noted confidence tricksters, repeatedly swindling the German composer Max Bruch by taking advantage of his trusting nature - first, by making and publishing unauthorized changes to his Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra in A-flat minor, and second, stealing and absconding with the autograph copy of his Violin Concerto No. 1 in G minor, later selling it in 1949.

Biography
Rose Laura Sutro and Ottilie Sutro were both born in Baltimore.   Their parents were Otto Sutro (a German-born Jewish organist, composer, music publisher, and conductor of the Oratorio Society of Baltimore); and Arianna née Handy (a pianist, singer, and daughter of a former chief justice of Mississippi, Alexander Hamilton Handy).  Their uncle was Adolph Sutro, Mayor of San Francisco and founder of the Sutro Baths.

They were initially taught the piano by their mother. They studied in Berlin at the Royal Hochschule für Musik under Karl Heinrich Barth, and made their debut in London in July 1894.  Their American debut was with the Seidl Society in Brooklyn, New York on 13 November of the same year, in a Bach concerto.

Ottilie injured her hand in 1904, making her unable to perform until 1910. She made an arrangement for two pianos of Frédéric Chopin's Nocturne No. 2 in E-flat, Op. 9, No. 2, which has been recorded by Anthony Goldstone and Caroline Clemmow.   She also arranged Edward MacDowell's Dirge, and, with William Henry Humiston, MacDowell's Love Song, Op. 48, No. 2.

For Duo-Art, they recorded the "Entrée de fête" from Charles Gounod's Suite concertante and Dvořák's Slavonic Dance No. 1 in C.

Rose died in Baltimore in 1957, aged 86, and Ottilie in 1970, aged 98.

The Sutros and Max Bruch
Max Bruch was so pleased with Rose and Ottilie's playing of his Fantasy in D minor for 2 pianos, Op. 11, in 1911, that he agreed to write a concerto for them.  In 1912, he wrote the Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra in A-flat minor, Op. 88a, which was a reworking of music he had written for a planned suite for organ and orchestra.  Bruch gave them the sole performing rights to the concerto.  Without Bruch's permission, however, they rewrote the work themselves to suit their pianistic abilities, altered the orchestration, copyrighted their version and deposited it with the Library of Congress in 1916.  They performed the premiere of this version with the Philadelphia Orchestra under Leopold Stokowski on 29 December 1916.  In 1917 they played a further revised version of the work, with the number of movements reduced from four to three, with the New York Philharmonic under Josef Stránský. Bruch himself conducted a private rehearsal of the work with the Sutro sisters in Berlin, but gave permission for it to be played only in the United States (it is not clear from the source which version this was; apparently he knew that the Sutros had made revisions, but to what extent is not known).

The Sutros withdrew the concerto after the second performance and never played it again; they never played Bruch's original version at all.  But they continued to make revisions to their version, amounting to thousands of changes, the last by Ottilie as late as 1961 (Rose having died in 1957).  Ottilie died in September 1970, aged 98, only three days before Rose's centenary.  Some of her miscellaneous scores, manuscripts and newspaper cuttings were auctioned in January 1971.  The pianist Nathan Twining (pianist) purchased a box of unidentified papers for $11, and it proved to contain the autograph score of Rose and Ottilie's version of Bruch's concerto, a work unknown to him.  The orchestral parts for the original version were bought by other people at the same auction, and Twining managed to track them down and buy the parts back from them. He and Martin Berkofsky then reconstructed Bruch's original version, and they recorded it for the first time in November 1973, with the London Symphony Orchestra under Antal Doráti.

Rose and Ottilie Sutro were also heavily involved in the fate of the manuscript of Bruch's best-known work, his Violin Concerto No. 1 in G minor.  Bruch had sold the score to the publisher August Cranz outright for a small lump sum (250 Talers) - but he kept a copy of his own.  At the end of World War I, he was destitute, having been unable to enforce the payment of royalties for his other works due to chaotic worldwide economic conditions.  He sent the autograph to the Sutros, so that they could sell it in the United States and send him the money. Bruch died in October 1920, without ever receiving any money from the Sutro sisters.  They had decided to keep the score themselves, but they claimed to have sold it, and sent Bruch's family some worthless German paper money as the alleged proceeds of the alleged sale. They persistently refused to divulge any details of the purchaser. In 1949, they sold the autograph to Mary Flagler Cary, whose collection, including the Bruch concerto, now resides at the Morgan Library & Museum in New York City.

References

American classical pianists
American women classical pianists
American people of German-Jewish descent
American confidence tricksters
Jewish classical pianists
Classical piano duos
Sibling musical duos
Confidence tricksters
Musical groups established in 1894
Jewish women musicians
Sutro family


Lismore is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located  in Pictou County.

The name Lismore comes from Irish Lios Mór or Scottish Gaelic Lios Mòr, both meaning "great ringfort" or "great garden".

It's known mainly for its lobster.  It's considered the best tasting lobster caught and sold in the markets.  The area has some unique habitats for the lobster to survive in which is why many people believe the meat tastes better.

The largest Lobster fishing vessel in Pictou County (possibly Nova Scotia) is docked in the harbor.

References
 Lismore on Destination Nova Scotia

Communities in Pictou County
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


The Embassy of the United States of America to the Holy See (or Embassy Vatican for short) is the diplomatic mission of United States of America to the Holy See, a term referring to the central government and universal reach of the Roman Catholic Church.

The current embassy moved to new headquarters in September 2015 in a separate building on the same compound as the United States Embassy Rome. The embassy was previously located on Aventine Hill in the Villa Domiziana in Rome, Italy, which was built as a private residence in 1953. In 1994, the U.S. government acquired the property as the new chancery for embassy. On October 16, 2017, Callista L. Gingrich was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as the next Ambassador to the Holy See. On October 8, 2021, President Biden nominated former U.S. senator Joe Donnelly to be ambassador to the Holy See, and the U.S. Senate confirmed the nomination on January 20, 2022. Donnelly presented his credentials to Pope Francis on April 11, 2022.

The embassy is a part of the "Tri-Mission Community" in Rome, the other two being the Embassy of the United States, Rome and the United States Mission to the U.N. Agencies in Rome.

History
Formal diplomatic relations with the Holy See were established in 1984 by President Ronald Reagan and Pope John Paul II. The mission works in partnership with the Holy See on global issues including: democracy, peace, and security; trafficking in persons; interreligious dialogue; development and foreign aid; and human rights.

This facility became the focus of an unexpected controversy when it was falsely reported on November 27, 2013, that the Embassy would be closed. The embassy was set to be transferred in January 2015 to a larger building adjacent to the U.S. Embassy to Italy for reasons of cost, security, and proximity to the Vatican itself. However, as part of a broader push to cut security for U.S. embassies, Congress blocked the move in 2014. The Embassy of the United States to the Holy See, previously located on Aventine Hill, moved to new headquarters in September 2015 in a separate building on the same compound as the United States Embassy Rome.

References

External links

Holy See
United States
Holy See–United States relations


Muhammad Sadik Muhammad Yusuf (15 April 1952 - 10 March 2015) was an Uzbekistani Muslim scholar born in the region of Andijan.

Life

Muhammad Sadik was the son of Muhammad-Yusuf (who died in 2004), who was the son of Muhammad-Ali, a scholar from Andijan. He was the mufti of the Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. He was Uzbekistan’s first mufti after independence.

Muhammad Sadik was a member of the International Union of Muslim Scholars (IUMS), a non-governmental organization of Islamic scholars.

Biography
Muhammad Sadik received his primary religious education from his father. After finishing middle school in 1970, he attended the Mir-i Arab madrassa in Bukhara.

Muhammad Sadik then studied at the Tashkent Islamic Institute in Tashkent, finishing with distinction in 1975. He then edited the journal, Muslims of the east of the Soviet Union.

In 1976, Muhammad Sadik was admitted to ad-Dawa al-Islami National Islamic University in Libya, which he finished with distinction and a financial award. This period of study exposed him to a future generation of Muslim imams, mostly from the Arabic world but even reaching to places as far away as Japan.

Muhammad Sadik was elected mufti by the SADUM in March 1989, and in the same year he was elected as a deputy to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Sheikh presented a report to the former Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev explaining the problems of Muslims rights in the protocol. He asked to return Muslims their rights to pray, to learn the religion.

In Muhammad Sadik's meeting with Gorbachev, positive changes have been seen in the policy towards the religion in the communist regime. With Muhammad Sodiq’s efforts, numerous mosques and madrassas were built in the Soviet Union. The Muslims were allowed to follow their religious traditions and ceremonies.

In 1997 Muhammad Sadik was put in charge of Muslim countries and federations of the Commonwealth of Independent States within Rabita al-Alam al-Islami (Muslim World League), an international Islamic organization in Saudi Arabia. He was a permanent member of the governing council of this organization.

Death

Muhammad Sadik died on 10 March 2015 after suffering a heart attack.

Writings
From 1994 to 2000, Muhammad Sadik published approximately thirty popular articles and twenty-five books and pamphlets. Most were written in Uzbek, and some were translated into Russian. The main publisher was the Kara Su branch of the press of the Islamic cultural center in Osh.

Muhammad Sadik's books include: Tafsiri Hilal (Translation and interpretation of the meanings of the Glorious Qur'an, in 6 volumes), Hadith wa Hayot (Hadith and life, series of books talking about the history and all details of Islam systematically in details, history of all prophets.., around in 40 volumes.), Ruhiy tarbiya (Spiritual attitude development/education, 3 volumes), Kifoya (books on fiqh (Islamic law) 3 volumes), and many other books, booklets, audio and video materials in Islam and translations of Imaam Al Buhariy's famous books into Uzbek language.

In his books since 2002, Muhammad Sadik included the following credo at the beginning, in the style of an Islamic movement that is seeking to transcend the divisions within the faith:

References

1952 births
2015 deaths
20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
People from Andijan Region
Hanafis
Maturidis
Grand Muftis of Uzbekistan
Soviet muftis
Members of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union


Folgueras is one of fifteen parishes (administrative divisions) in Pravia, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 178 (INE 2011).

Villages and hamlets
 Ablanedo (Ablanéu)
 Folgueras
 Loro (Llouru)
 Sorriba (Surriba)
 Vegafriosa (Veigafriosa)

References

Parishes in Pravia


Pura Gede Perancak is a prominent Hindu sea temple in Perancak, Bali, Indonesia. This temple commemorates the site of Dang Hyang Nirartha's arrival in Bali in 1546. Bull runs are organized here.

References

Hindu temples in Indonesia
Balinese sea temples


Inclán is one of fifteen parishes (administrative divisions) in Pravia, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 208 (INE 2011).

Villages and hamlets
Fondos de Villa
Godina (Gudina)
Inclán
Masfera
San Esteban
Villameján (Villamexán)

References

Parishes in Pravia


Compaction simulation is the modelling of granular matter when compressed into a dense state that is achieved through the reduction of the air void. The term is also commonly used to mean compaction using a compaction simulator. This is a high performance programmable servo-controlled press for simulating production presses, typically in the pharmaceutical, catalyst, battery and magnet industries.

Three stages are included in the compaction process those are filling or packing, compaction and ejection. During the compaction process, if the loading pressure is increasing straightly, the powder assembly will experience three stages. First of all, particles are filling the voids and set up contacts with the adjacent particles. This stage is termed rearrangement stage. After most contacts are set up, the initial compaction started. Elastic deformation and plastic deformation happens and the loading pressure increases sharply. The third stage is breakage where the particles breaks into fragments.

Discrete element method (DEM) is an explicit numerical model capable of tracking the motion and interaction of individual modeled particles. DEM has enhanced rapidly our understanding of granular system by producing quantitative predictions rather than only qualitative description, increased our insight into particle assemblies by providing both microscopic and macroscopic information. DEM has been proved to be of great potential in scientific tasks and industries, including chemical and mechanical engineering, food industry, geo-sciences and agriculture.

The translational and rotational movement of each particle can be calculated by Newton's second law of motion. Forces involved are normally particle gravity and inter-particle contact forces including normal and tangential force. Other forces are van der Waals force and capillary force for fine and wet particles system respectively.

The whole simulation process includes compaction and breakage, involves four stages: packing, compaction, relaxation and crushing. At the beginning of packing stage, modeled particles were generated randomly in a square space and allowed to fall under gravity with a small initial velocity to form a packing. There are no overlaps between the particles, and the walls. Then the packing bed is compressed by a modeled plane at a low speed, most of the time, it is set to 10d/s. When the compact density reaches the set value, for example 0.75, the loading process stops and the plane goes up with the speed 5d/s. The compaction stage is ended when the top plane leaves the highest particle. In the recently research, periodical boundaries are used during the packing and compaction stages to exclude the effect of wall.

References

Geological processes


Leigh Ann Brown (; born August 17, 1986) is an American former soccer defender. She previously played for FC Kansas City of the National Women's Soccer League, FC Gold Pride, Atlanta Beat, and the Philadelphia Independence of the Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) and earned two caps with the United States women's national soccer team.

Early life
Born in Poway, California, Brown attended Mt. Carmel High School where she led her team to two league championships and two second-place finishes. As a freshman, she was named Second Team Palomar League while winning the CIF San Diego section championship. She was named Second Team North County and First Team Palomar League during her sophomore year and earned All-North County and First Team Avocado League honors her junior and senior seasons. She also played for the 2003 National Champion and 2001 Regional Finalist San Diego Surf teams.

University of San Diego, 2004–2007
Brown attended the University of San Diego where she played for the Toreros from 2004 to 2007. During her freshman season, she started 17 games. She was named second-team All-WCC her sophomore season before being named to the first-team the subsequent two seasons. After her senior season, she earned a fourth-team All-American selection by Soccerbuzz Magazine. Brown played in 75 of the team's 81 games throughout her career at San Diego.

Playing career

Club

WPS, 2009–2011
Brown was selected by FC Gold Pride during the sixth round (40th overall) of the 2009 WPS Draft for the inaugural season of the WPS. She scored her only goal of her WPS tenure on May 3, 2009 in a 1–0 home win versus Sky Blue FC. At the end of the season, Brown was deemed surplus to requirements by Albertin Montoya and was subsequently chosen by Atlanta Beat as the first overall choice in the 2009 WPS Expansion Draft.

Brown signed with the Atlanta Beat after being selected first overall in the 2009 WPS Expansion Draft in preparation for the 2010 season. She made 24 appearances for the Beat with 21 starts playing for a total of 1,972 minutes.

In 2011, Brown played for the Philadelphia Independence. She started in all 19 of her appearances and played a total of 1,740 minutes. She re-signed with the Independence for the 2012 season; however the WPS suspended operations before the season began.

NWSL: FC Kansas City, 2013–2015
In February 2013, Brown signed with FC Kansas City for the inaugural season of the NWSL. During the team's first defeat in regular season play, Brown provided the assist on Kansas City's lone goal against the Western New York Flash.

She retired at the end of the 2015 season.

International
On August 22, 2013, Leigh Ann Brown received her first call up to the United States senior team by US Head Coach Tom Sermanni.

Honors and awards

Individual
 NWSL Best XI: 2013
 NWSL Second XI: 2015

Team
with FC Kansas City:
 NWSL championship: 2014, 2015

References

External links

 San Diego Toreros coach profile
 FC Kansas City player profile
 Atlanta Beat player profile
 San Diego Toreros player profile

1986 births
Living people
University of San Diego alumni
FC Gold Pride players
Atlanta Beat (WPS) players
Philadelphia Independence players
American women's soccer players
Soccer players from California
National Women's Soccer League players
FC Kansas City players
San Diego Toreros women's soccer players
San Diego Sunwaves players
United States women's international soccer players
Women's association football midfielders
Women's Professional Soccer players
New York Fury players
WFC Rossiyanka players
Women's Premier Soccer League Elite players
American expatriate women's soccer players
American expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Expatriate women's footballers in Russia


Games of Pixar Pier is a collection of four boardwalk games themed to several different Pixar characters. It is located in Pixar Pier at Disney California Adventure.

History

Paradise Pier
Games of the Boardwalk officially opened in 2001 with the rest of Disney California Adventure. Originally, the games included Boardwalk Bowl, Dolphin Derby, San Joaquin Volley, Shore Shot, Angels in the Outfield, New Haul Fishery, and Cowhuenga Pass.

In 2008, with construction beginning on Toy Story Midway Mania!, many of the original were either closed or re-themed. This renovation was part of the $1.1 billion expansion project for Disney California Adventure. The new games opened on April 7, 2009 and included Goofy About Fishin', Casey at the Bat, Bullseye Stallion Stampede, and Dumbo Bucket Brigade.

Pixar Pier
The Games of the Boardwalk closed on January 8, 2018 during the re-theming of Paradise Pier to Pixar Pier. During this transformation, the Games of the Boardwalk were renamed Games of Pixar Pier. They opened with Pixar Pier on June 23, 2018.

Bullseye Stallion Stampede remained. The other three games were turned into La Luna Star Catcher, WALL-E Space Race, and Heimlich's Candy Corn Toss.

References

External links

Operating amusement attractions
Disney California Adventure
Paradise Pier
Pixar Pier
Amusement rides introduced in 2001
Amusement rides that closed in 2018
Amusement rides introduced in 2018
2001 establishments in California
2018 disestablishments in California


Pravia is one of fifteen parishes (administrative divisions) in Pravia, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 6,660 (INE 2011).

Villages and hamlets
 Agones
 Cañedo (Cañéu)
 Cadarienzo
 Campasola
 Corralinos
 El Cabrón
 Forcinas
 Peñaullán (Pinullán)
 Prahúa
 Pravia

References

Parishes in Pravia


Historical earthquakes is a list of significant earthquakes known to have occurred prior to the beginning of the 20th century. As the events listed here occurred before routine instrumental recordings, they rely mainly on the analysis of written sources or using stone/wooden poles or vessels filled with water. There is often significant uncertainty in location and magnitude and sometimes date for each earthquake. The number of fatalities is also often highly uncertain, particularly for the older events.

Pre-11th century

11th–17th centuries

18th century

19th century

Source for all events with 'USGS' labelled as the source United States Geological Survey (USGS)
Note: Magnitudes are generally estimations from intensity data. When no magnitude was available, the maximum intensity, written as a Roman numeral from I to XII, is given.

See also
 :Category:Articles on pre-1900 earthquakes
 Lists of 20th-century earthquakes
 Lists of 21st-century earthquakes
 List of tsunamis
 Lists of earthquakes
 List of megathrust earthquakes

References

External links
Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC)
Earthquakes Canada
Historical earthquakes in Europe
IRIS Seismic Monitor, Recent earthquakes around the world
Recent New Zealand earthquakes
SeismoArchives, Seismogram Archives of Significant Earthquakes of the World
USGS list of current earthquakes
USGS list of earthquakes magnitude 6.0 and greater sorted by magnitude
Global Significant Earthquake Database, 2150 BC to present – National Geophysical Data Center
Database for the damage of world earthquake, ancient period (3000 BC) to year of 2006 – Building Research Institute (Japan)

Historical earthquakes
Seismic history


Mosaic: A Celebration of Blue Note Records is the 2009 debut album by The Blue Note 7.

Overview
The Blue Note 7 was formed in 2008 in honor of the 70th anniversary of Blue Note Records.  The group consists of  Peter Bernstein (guitar), Bill Charlap (piano), Ravi Coltrane (tenor saxophone), Lewis Nash (drums), Nicholas Payton (trumpet), Peter Washington (bass), and Steve Wilson (alto saxophone, flute).

The group recorded Mosaic in 2008, which was released in 2009 on Blue Note Records/EMI, and they toured the United States in promotion of the album from January until April 2009.  On this album the group plays the music of Blue Note Records, with arrangements by members of the band and Renee Rosnes.

Track listing

"Mosaic" (by Cedar Walton, arranged by Lewis Nash) – 8:31
"Inner Urge" (by Joe Henderson, arranged by Nicholas Payton) – 7:36
"Search For Peace" (by McCoy Tyner, arranged by Renee Rosnes) – 7:59
"Little B's Poem" (by Bobby Hutcherson, arranged by Steve Wilson) – 6:27
"Criss Cross" (by Thelonious Monk, arranged by Steve Wilson) – 6:55
"Dolphin Dance" (by Herbie Hancock, arranged by Renee Rosnes) – 7:07
"Idle Moments" (by Duke Pearson, arranged by Peter Bernstein) – 6:36
"The Outlaw" (by Horace Silver, arranged by Bill Charlap) – 6:30

Personnel

 Musical

 Peter Bernstein – guitar
 Bill Charlap – piano
 Ravi Coltrane – tenor saxophone
 Lewis Nash – drums
 Nicholas Payton – trumpet
 Peter Washington – bass
 Steve Wilson – alto saxophone, flute

 Technical

 Bill Charlap, Michael Cuscuna and Eli Wolf – producers
 Danny Melnick – executive producer, management
 Dae Bennett – engineer
 Travis Stefl – assistant engineer
 Kurt Lundvall – mastering
 Eli Wolf – A&R
 Keith Karwelies – A&R administration
 Perry Greenfield – product management
 Gordon Jee – creative direction
 Burton Yount and Rachel Salomon – art direction and design
 Jimmy Katz – photography
 Jack Randall – booking
 Renee Rosnes – arranger
 Ira Gitler – liner notes

External links and sources
 The Blue Note 7 official website
 [ allmusic entry]

2009 debut albums
Blue Note Records albums
Post-bop albums
EMI Records albums
Albums produced by Michael Cuscuna
Ravi Coltrane albums


Pronga is one of fifteen parishes (administrative divisions) in Pravia, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 61 (INE 2011).

Villages and hamlets
 Beifar
 Pronga

References

Parishes in Pravia


Roystonea oleracea, sometimes known as the Caribbean royal palm, palmiste, imperial palm or cabbage palm, is a species of palm which is native to the Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago. It is also reportedly naturalized in Guyana and on the islands of Mauritius and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.

Its specific epithet oleracea means "vegetable/herbal" in Latin and is a form of  (). The plant's buds was eaten in the West Indies.

Description
Roystonea oleracea is a large palm which reaches heights of , with the record being  not including the crownshaft or fronds.  Stems are grey or whitish-grey. and range from  in diameter.  The upper portion of the stem is encircled by leaf sheaths, forming a green portion known as the crownshaft which is normally about  long.  Individuals are reported to have 16–22 or 20–22 leaves. Leaves are once-pinnate and consist of a  long petiole and a  rachis. The leaflets are attached to the rachis at various angles, giving the frond a bottlebrush-like appearance. The  inflorescence bears white male and female flowers. Fruit are  long and  long, and turn purplish-black when ripe.

Taxonomy
Roystonea is placed in the subfamily Arecoideae and the tribe Roystoneae.  The placement Roystonea within the Arecoideae is uncertain; a phylogeny based on plastid DNA failed to resolve the position of the genus within the Arecoideae.  As of 2008, there appear to be no molecular phylogenetic studies of Roystonea and the relationship between R. oleracea and the rest of the genus is uncertain.

The species was first described by Nikolaus von Jacquin in 1763 as Areca oleracea. The epithet oleracea means "vegetable- or herb-like", and is used in botanical Latin for edible or cultivated plants (as in Brassica oleracea or Portulaca oleracea). In 1838, Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius transferred it to the genus Oreodoxa as O. oleracea.  Berthold Carl Seemann transferred it to the genus Kentia in 1838.  In 1900 Orator F. Cook proposed a new genus for the royal palms, and moved this species from Oreodoxa to Roystonea the following year.

In 1825 Curt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel described Euterpe caribaea, citing Jacquin's A. oleracea as a synonym. In 1903 Carl Lebrecht Udo Dammer and Ignatz Urban transferred this species to the genus Oreodoxa.  Percy Wilson moved it to Roystonea in 1917. Since Sprengel was aware of Jacquin's description, his name is superfluous.  Liberty Hyde Bailey described Roystonea venezuelana in 1949 based on a collection by Julian Steyermark. In his 1996 monograph on the genus Roystonea, Scott Zona reported that he was "unable to find any consistent morphological or molecular differences between the two taxa", and placed R. venezuelana in synonym with R. oleracea.

Based on cultivated plants at the botanical garden in Georgetown, Guyana (then British Guiana), John Frederick Waby described Oreodoxa regia var. jenmanii in 1919. The distinguishing feature of this variety was the fact that it held its lowest leaves at a 45° angle above horizontal. In 1935 Bailey described R. oleracea var. excelsior based on specimens collected from the Georgetown Botanic Gardens. Hyde cited Waby's name as an unpublished synonym, apparently unaware that Waby's name was a valid, published name. In 1996 Zona coined a new combination, R. oleracea var. jenmannii to correct Hyde's mistake and update Waby's name. However, he noted that this variety, which was only known from cultivation, did not differ from the typical in floral or fruit characters.  Rafaël Govaerts merged the variety into synonym with the typical variety.

Common names
Roystonea oleracea is known as the palmiste in Trinidad and Tobago, the royal palm or cabbage palm in Barbados and chaguaramo or maparó in Venezuela.  In Colombia it is known as mapora in Spanish, mapórbot in Jitnu and mapoloboto in Sikuani.  It is also called the cabbage tree, palmetto royal, palmier franc and chou palmiste, among other names.

Distribution
Roystonea oleracea is native to Guadeloupe, Dominica and Martinique in the Lesser Antilles, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, northern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia. It is naturalised in Antigua, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana.  It often grows in areas subject which are wet for at least part of the year—coastal areas near the sea, gallery forests in seasonally flooded savannas.

Ecology
Roystonea oleracea fruit is an important component of the diet of orange-winged amazon parrots and red-bellied macaws in Nariva Swamp, Trinidad and Tobago. Over the course of a study conducted between 1995 and 1996, R. oleracea fruit was an important element of the diet of both species between June and January, and was their dominant food item from July to November.

Uses
The tallest and "most majestic" royal palm, Roystonea oleracea is often used as an ornamental.  The wood can be used for construction. The terminal bud is edible. The sap of young inflorescences can be fermented to produce alcohol. In his 1750 Natural History of Barbados Griffith Hughes reported that the immature inflorescences could be pickled and eaten as a vegetable.

References

oleracea
Trees of Barbados
Trees of Dominica
Trees of Guadeloupe
Trees of Guyana
Trees of Martinique
Trees of Trinidad and Tobago
Trees of Venezuela
Flora of Mauritius
Trees of Réunion
Trees of the Windward Islands
Trees of the Leeward Islands
Palms of French Guiana
Least concern plants
Plants described in 1901
Least concern biota of South America
Garden plants of South America
Ornamental trees


Quinzanas is one of fifteen parishes (administrative divisions) in Pravia, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 77 (INE 2011).

Villages and hamlets
 Docina
 La Vallina
 Entrelaiglesia
 La Reguera
 La Brueva
 El Estornin
 Tranvaregueras
 La Xuiría
 La Cuesta
 El Xardín
 Serrapiu
 Vegañán

References

Parishes in Pravia


This list includes properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Rockingham County, North Carolina. Click the "Map of all coordinates" link to the right to view an online map of all properties and districts with latitude and longitude coordinates in the table below.

Current listings

|}

See also

National Register of Historic Places listings in North Carolina
List of National Historic Landmarks in North Carolina

References

Rockingham County, North Carolina
Rockingham County


Christopher Lars Nelson (born September 3, 1985) is an American former professional baseball infielder. Nelson has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Colorado Rockies from 2010 through 2013, New York Yankees in 2013, the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in 2013 and the San Diego Padres in 2014.

High school
Nelson played baseball at Redan High School in Stone Mountain, Georgia. He was one of the nation's top pitching prospects before undergoing Tommy John surgery following his junior season. As a senior, he batted .552. Nelson committed to play college baseball at Georgia.

Professional career

Colorado Rockies
The Colorado Rockies selected Nelson in the first round, with the ninth overall selection, of the 2004 amateur entry draft, and received the third largest signing bonus in Rockies history. In July 2007, while playing for the Modesto Nuts, Nelson was named Rockies Farm Player of the Month.

Nelson was called up on June 18, 2010, to replace Troy Tulowitzki, who had broken his wrist. He was expected to play second base, with Clint Barmes moving to shortstop.

On September 9, 2010, Nelson stole home plate against Cincinnati Reds pitcher Nick Masset, scoring what would be the deciding run in the Rockies' victory, their seventh straight. It was Nelson's first career stolen base, and the first time he had stolen home plate at any level.

Though he struggled at the MLB level during the 2011 season, Nelson was announced as the third base starter along with Jordan Pacheco during Spring Training in 2012. He was designated for assignment on April 28, 2013.

New York Yankees
On May 1, Nelson was traded to the New York Yankees. On May 15, he was designated for assignment to make room on the roster for David Adams.

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
On May 18, 2013, Nelson was claimed off waivers by the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. He was designated for assignment on June 10, 2013, and accepted an assignment to the Triple-A Salt Lake Bees on June 13. Following the trade of Alberto Callaspo on July 31, Nelson's contract was selected from Salt Lake. On August 15, he hit his first career grand slam against Yankees reliever Boone Logan. After the season, Nelson was non-tendered by the Angels, making him a free agent.

Cincinnati Reds
On January 28, 2014, Nelson signed a minor league deal with the Cincinnati Reds. On June 16, 2014, Nelson was released by the Reds.

San Diego Padres
On June 19, 2014, Nelson signed a minor league deal with the San Diego Padres. On July 18, 2014, Nelson was called up from Triple-A El Paso and made his Padres debut against the New York Mets, going 2–4 with 2 RBI. He was designated for assignment on September 2, 2014. Nelson elected free agency in October 2014.

Philadelphia Phillies
Nelson signed a minor league deal with the Philadelphia Phillies on November 25, 2014.

Milwaukee Brewers
Nelson signed a minor league deal with the Milwaukee Brewers on May 9, 2015. And he was released on June 17, 2015.

Washington Nationals
Nelson signed a minor league deal with the Washington Nationals on June 21, 2015. He was released by the Washington Nationals on July 25, 2015.

Return to Colorado
On February 15, 2016, Nelson signed a minor league deal to return to Colorado.

Sugar Land Skeeters
On March 21, 2017, Nelson signed with the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball.

Kansas City Royals
On May 15, 2017, Nelson signed a minor league deal with the Kansas City Royals.

He was named Bench Coach for the Northwest Arkansas Naturals, AA affiliate of the Kansas City Royals, for the 2018 season.

Awards and honors

References

External links

MiLB.com player profile

1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Decatur, Georgia
African-American baseball players
Major League Baseball infielders
Colorado Rockies players
New York Yankees players
Los Angeles Angels players
San Diego Padres players
Casper Rockies players
Asheville Tourists players
Modesto Nuts players
Tulsa Drillers players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Salt Lake Bees players
Louisville Bats players
El Paso Chihuahuas players
Waikiki Beach Boys players
Phoenix Desert Dogs players
Lehigh Valley IronPigs players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Naranjeros de Hermosillo players
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Albuquerque Isotopes players
Sugar Land Skeeters players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people


Sandamías is one of fifteen parishes (administrative divisions) in Pravia, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 67 (INE 2011).

Villages and hamlets
 Perzanas
 Sandamías
 Villagonzay (Villagonzáy)

References

Parishes in Pravia


A molecular beam is produced by allowing a gas at higher pressure to expand through a small orifice into a chamber at lower pressure to form a beam of particles (atoms, free radicals, molecules or ions) moving at approximately equal velocities, with very few collisions between the particles. Molecular beams are useful for fabricating thin films in molecular beam epitaxy and artificial structures such as quantum wells, quantum wires, and quantum dots. Molecular beams have also been applied as crossed molecular beams. The molecules in the molecular beam can be manipulated by electrical fields and magnetic fields. Molecules can be decelerated in a Stark decelerator or in a Zeeman slower.

History
The first to study atomic beam experiments was Louis Dunoyer de Segonzac 1911, but were simple experiments to confirm that atoms travelled in straight lines when not acted on by external forces. Since 1921, the teams of Otto Stern in University of Hamburg and University of Frankfurt am Main, improved and pioneered the experiments with atomic beams, and later with molecular beams. The advances of Stern and collaborators led to decisive discoveries including: the discovery of space quantization; de Broglie matter waves; anomalous magnetic moments of the proton and neutron; recoil of an atom of emission of a photon; and the limitation of scattering cross-sections for molecular collisions imposed by the uncertainty principle

However, the first paper on molecular beams was by Hartmut Kallmann and Fritz Reiche, who before Stern who started with atoms, were interested in dipole moments and the deflection of beams of polar molecules (not just atoms) in an inhomogeneous electric field.  In 1922, with Walther Gerlach, Stern rushed to publish their results on the Stern–Gerlach experiment demonstrating the existence of the spin, after reading on the experiments of Kallman and Reiche. However the paper of Kallman and Reiche would go largely unnoticed until its rediscovery 2009.

The first to report on the relationship between dipole moments and deflection in a molecular beam (using binary salts such as KCl) was Erwin Wrede in 1927. In 1939 Isidor Rabi invented a molecular beam magnetic resonance method in which two magnets placed one after the other create an inhomogeneous magnetic field. The method was used to measure the magnetic moment of several lithium isotopes with molecular beams of LiCl, LiF and dilithium. This method is a predecessor of NMR. The invention of the maser in 1957 by James P. Gordon, Herbert J. Zeiger and Charles H. Townes was made possible by a molecular beam of ammonia and a special electrostatic quadrupole focuser.

The study of molecular beam led to the development of molecular-beam epitaxy in the 1960s.

See also
 Norman Ramsey
 John B. Fenn
 F.M. Devienne
 Dudley R. Herschbach

References

Quantum electronics
Chemical physics


The 2008–09 was the first season for Perth Glory in the new W-League.

Background
Nicola Williams was appointed the coach of the team, with Tanya Oxtoby captaining. She spent a lot of time trying

Match results

Legend

W-League

Player details

Statistics accurate as of the end of the 2008–09 W-League season

Coach: Nicola Williams
Captain: Tanya Oxtoby

Standings

Awards
Goal of the Year: Marianna Tabain, Perth Glory – Round 9, Adelaide United v Perth Glory

References

Perth Glory FC (A-League Women) seasons
Perth Glory W-League

Perth Glory


Dream "A"live is the eighth studio album by Japanese boy band, Arashi. The album was released on April 23, 2008, in Japan under their record label J Storm in two editions: a limited 2CD version and a regular CD version. Dream "A"live is the 30th best-selling album of 2008 in Japan. As of July 2010, the album is the group's third highest-selling album after their tenth anniversary album All the Best! 1999–2009 and debut album Arashi No.1 Ichigou: Arashi wa Arashi o Yobu!. It was released digitally on February 7, 2020.

Album information
The album contains the singles "Happiness", which was used as the theme song for the drama Yamada Tarō Monogatari, and "Step and Go". Although production of the album began during the release of "Happiness", word of the new album did not surface until March 2008 when the album available for pre-order on online stores, with the two editions even reaching as high as the top two spots on CDJapan's Pre-Order Ranking.

Title
During Sho Sakurai's radio show Sho Beat on March 2, 2008, it was revealed that the Dream "A" Live title was created by Sakurai and Jun Matsumoto. The original title was "Alive", but was then purposely divided into "A live" to indicate the group's name and the live performance. Matsumoto also added "Dream" to the title to signify how "dreams can turn into reality" because the coincided Arashi Marks 2008 Dream-A-Live tour was considered a major achievement, as only two other Johnny's groups had previously performed a five-dome tour.

Critical reception

Adam Greenberg on AllMusic gave Dream "A"live three out of five stars, calling it a "decent album throughout, well-crafted and well-performed".

Aside from topping the sales rankings, Oricon also reported that the album was a hit with male buyers. Even men in the 40-year-old age bracket had planned to buy the album, compared to the interest with the group's previous album. The music statistics group attributed the group's increasing fan base to their primetime variety program  and the various dramas and commercials that the members have appeared in. It was considered quite a development, since many promotions and releases of Johnny's artists are geared towards female teens and young adults.

Commercial performance
The album debuted at the number one on the Oricon singles daily chart upon its release with the sales index number of 57,795 (about 101,000 copies). By the end of its first week, the album sold a total of 220,722 copies. The album ranked as the 30th best-selling album of 2008 in Japan, selling 303,727 by the end of the year.

On January 1, 2009, the album was placed at number 38 on Billboard Japan's 2008 Top Albums Year-End list.

Track listing

Personnel

Musicians

Arashi
Masaki Aiba – vocals
Jun Matsumoto – vocals
Kazunari Ninomiya – vocals
Satoshi Ohno – vocals
Sho Sakurai – vocals
Masayuki Iwata - Arrangement ,Keyboard ,Electric guitar ,Chorus
Jun Abe – piano, keyboard
Akira – choir, chorus
Tanakam Ayuko – choir, chorus
Melvin Lee Davis – electric bass
Naoki Hayashibe – acoustic guitar
Masato Ishinari – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, electric sitar
Gen Strings Ittetsu – strings
Ikuo Kakehashi – percussion
Daisuke Kawai – organ
Takahiro Miyazaki – alto saxophone
Susumu Nishikawa – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Hideaki Sakai – percussion
Satoshi Sano – trombone, chromatic harmonica
Shiro Sasaki – trumpet
Yasushi Sasamoto – keyboard
Hiroomi Shitara – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Masanori Suzuki – trumpet
Tetsuya Takahashi – keyboard, choir, chorus
Takeshi Taneda – electric bass
Tomohiko Tsuya – choir, chorus
Jun Usuba – tenor saxophone
Ryoji Yamashiki – electric bass

Production

Jun Abe – programming
Takeshi Hanzawa – photography
Gen Strings Ittetsu – string arrangements
Julie K. – producer
Hiroshi Kawasaki – mastering
Mike Rose
Yasushi Sasamoto – programming
Tsutomu Satomi – coordination
Tetsuya Takahashi – programming
Akitomo Takakuwa – engineer, mixing
Takao – stylist
Shigeru Tanida – engineer, mixing
Noboru Tomizawa – make-up, hair stylist
Asuka Tozawa – coordination
Alfred Tuohey
Carl Utbult
Youth Case – lyricist, composer

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Sales and certifications

Release history

References

External links
Dream "A"live product information
[ Dream "A"live personnel]

Arashi albums
2008 albums
J Storm albums


Marat Aldangaruly Sarsembaev (, born December 15, 1947) is a Kazakh doctor of law and professor. He has won a range of international awards for his work.

Sarsembaev is a member of the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan. He was appointed to the position by decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2007. Sarsembaev was born in the village of Ekpendy, in the Andreevsky district (now Alakolsky) of the Taldy-Kurgan (now Almaty) region in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (now Kazakhstan).

Sarsembaev finished Andreevsky Russian high school in 1965. Sarsembaev graduated from the faculty of English language of Almaty Pedogogical Teacher's Institute of Foreign Languages (now the Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages) in 1969 with honours. In 1973 he graduated from the law school of Kazakh State University (now the Kazakh National University) with honors. He gained his doctorate in 1994 with a thesis on the theme of International law issues in the "History of Kazakhstan and Central Asia (From the 15th Century to the Present)" at the Institute of State and Law at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, Russian Federation. In 2012, he became a member of the UN Human Rights Committee.

Career
Marat Sarsembaev takes part in sessions of the dissertational boards of candidates and doctors' theses at the faculties of Kazakhstani and foreign universities (Russia, Uzbekistan, France, etc). He serves as a member of dissertational councils, a scientific adviser, and an expert on international law and law of Kazakhstan, world economics, and international relations.

Sarsembaev is involved in the process of the formulation and editing of bills. He also drafts codes and international treaties of the Republic of Kazakhstan as an expert on customs, tax, labour codes in the parliament, CEC, Constitutional Council, and other ministries and departments of the Republic of Kazakhstan. He's also considered an expert on current laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan concerning foreign policy and internal problems of the country.

He served as president of the Association of Educational Institutions of the Republic from 1996 to 2001. He lectured in the MSIIR in 1977, University of Rennes, in 1980, Villanova University  in 1994, Indiana University (U.S.) in 1997, and Kabul University (Afghanistan) in 1985–1987. In total, he's lectured at ten domestic and six foreign universities.

He has won many international awards and competitions, including a Fulbright Award as a Fulbright Research Scholar (named after J. William Fulbright). He received this award for his work in the U.S., where he spent ten months in 1997 "conducting research on the formation of private property law in the U.S. and other countries for a project on the problems of property law in domestic and international law" according to Indiana Law Annotated.

He is the winner of the Soros-Kazakhstan Fund which is awarded for his high school textbook International law being recognized as the best among 120 textbooks sent to the republican competition of 1995. The competition was held with the assistance of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Sarsembaev is also a member of the Legal Policy Board at the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and a member of the Executive Committee of Russian Association of International Law.

From 1973 to 2000 he was the dean of the faculty of law and head of international law at Kazakhstan National University. He was the rector of Daneker University, and a director and professor at the Law Institute of the L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. He also worked as the head of the Department for International Relations of the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Astana city. At present he is a member of CEC of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a political office employee.

As a member of the Kazakhstan delegation he has repeatedly polemicized with representatives of the OSCE in Warsaw, Poland. Sarsembaev is also a member of the editorial boards of the Moscow Journal of International Law, Kazakhstan Journal of International Law, Bulletin of L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, and Bulletin of D. A. Kunaev Eurasian Law Academy.

Sarsembaev speaks Kazakh, Russian, and English fluently.

Personal life
Sarsembaev has two brothers, Talgat and Каirat, and two sisters, Zhamal and Kamal. He and his wife Umsynkul have 3 sons Kanat, Timur, and Daniyar.

Accolades

 Honorable citizen of El Paso (Texas, United States)
 Honorable citizen of Houston (Texas, United States)
 Ten years of Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan medal
 Astana medal
 Ten years of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan medal
 Ерен енбегі үшін medal (or honorable labor)

Written works
Sarsembaev has more than 440 works in the Kazakh, Russian, Dari, English, French, German, Hebrew, Кorean, Polish, Romanian, Turkish, and Japanese languages on Kazakhstan and foreign and international law. These works have been published in Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Afghanistan, Austria, Germany, Great Britain, Israel, Japan, Poland, Romania, Turkey, and the United States.

His most notable works include the following 14 monographs, textbooks, and manuals:
 Promoting the world and friendship – Alma-Ata: Kazakhstan, 1984. – 68 p.
 Afghanistan and international law (in Dari) – Kabul: Kabul university, 1987. – 218 p.
 International law in the history of Kazakhstan and Central Asia – Alma-Ata: Ana tili, 1991. – 152 p.
 International law relations of the states of Central Asia – Almaty: Gylym, 1995. – 368 p.
 International law – Almaty: Zheti zhargy, 1996. – 448 p. (in Russian), in 1999 it was published in Ankara, Turkey, in the Turkish language.
 International private law (the editor-in-chief and the coauthor) – Almaty: Gylym, 1996. – 282 p., in 1999 it was published in Ankara in the Turkish language.
 Customs Law – Almaty: Gylym, 1997. – 228 p.
 Prospects of foreign trade activities: law and international experience – Almaty: Gylym, 1998. – 310 p.
 Diplomatic and consular law – Almaty: Daneker, 1999. – 298 p.
 Relations of Russia (USSR) and Kazakhstan with Afghanistan – Almaty: Daneker, 2002. – 212 p.
 International space law and the Republic of Kazakhstan – Almaty: L.Gumilev Eurasian national university, Daneker, 2003. – 182 p. and others.

References

Kazakhstani politicians
1947 births
Legal scholars
Living people
United Nations Human Rights Committee members
Academic staff of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Kazakhstani officials of the United Nations
Academic staff of L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University


Santianes is one of fifteen parishes (administrative divisions) in Pravia, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 631 (INE 2011).

Villages and hamlets

 Bances
 Los Cabos
 Santianes

References

Parishes in Pravia


Syntaxin 3, also known as STX3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the STX3 gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the syntaxin family of cellular receptors for transport vesicles which participate in exocytosis in neutrophils. STX3 has an important role in the growth of neurites and serves as a direct target for omega-6 arachidonic acid.
Mutations in Syntaxin 3 cause Microvillus inclusion disease.

Interactions

Syntaxin 3 has been shown to interact with SNAP-25, SNAP23 and SNAP29.

References

Further reading


Coke Strength after Reaction (CSR) refers to coke "hot" strength, generally a quality reference in a simulated reaction condition in an industrial blast furnace. The test is based on a procedure developed by Nippon Steel Corp in the 1970s as an attempt to get an indication of coke performance and is used widely throughout the world since then. It is one of the major considerations when blending coking coal for export sale.

Test procedure
In the test, a 200 g sample of 19–21 mm particle range coke is heated at 1100°C under 1 atmosphere pressure of carbon dioxide for 2 hours. The coke is preheated and cooled under nitrogen and the weight loss during reaction is measured. The percentage weight loss is known as the reactivity (CRI). The reacted coke is placed in an I-type drum (no lifters) and subjected to 600 revolutions in 30 minutes. The percent of carbon material removed from the drum that is ≥10 mm is known as the coke strength after reaction (CSR).

References

Solid fuels


Selgas is one of fifteen parishes (administrative divisions) in Pravia, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 68 (INE 2011).

Villages and hamlets
 Caliero (Calieiru)
 Selgas de Abajo (Selgas d'Abaxu)
 Selgas de Arriba (Selgas'Arriba)

References

Parishes in Pravia


Villafría is one of fifteen parishes (administrative divisions) in Pravia, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 76 (INE 2011).

Villages and hamlets
 Recuevo (Ricouvu)
 Villafría
 Villamuñín

References

Parishes in Pravia


Villavaler is one of fifteen parishes (administrative divisions) in Pravia, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 117 (INE 2011).

Villages and hamlets
 Carceda
 Lomparte (Llomparti)
 Omedas (Umedas)
 Palación
 Perriella
 San Bartolomé (San Bartuelu)
 Sangreña
 Valdidiello (Valdidiellu)

References

Parishes in Pravia


Meliponula is a genus of stingless bees found in sub-Saharan Africa. They are small, with sizes ranging from 2mm to 8mm depending on the species. They provide honey, which in some species is considered to have medicinal properties. These bees are thought to be important pollinators. They are also very common in African countries such as Kakamega forest and Taita hills in Kenya. They are known to commonly nest in trees indigenous to these areas, but occasionally nest in window frames, door panels and roof loggings made of wood. They are particularly threatened by drastic increases in anthropogenic activities in forested areas.

References

Meliponini
Bee genera


Somao () is one of fifteen parishes (administrative divisions) in Pravia, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 330 (INE 2010).

References

Parishes in Pravia


Ronggui railway station () is an elevated station on the Guangzhou-Zhuhai Intercity Railway.

The station is located on Ronggui Subdistrict in the Shunde District of Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China. It is the last station in Shunde for trains travelling in the direction of Zhongshan. To the station's east is the Shunde High-tech Zone () Zone B, to the south Guizhou Avenue (), to the north Xinyou Road () and to the west Baogong Logistics Park (). Ronggui Station started operations on 7January 2011.

References

Shunde District
Railway stations in China opened in 2011


The Way Ahead is an album by Archie Shepp, released on Impulse! Records in 1968. The album contains tracks recorded by Shepp, trumpeter Jimmy Owens, trombonist Grachan Moncur III, pianist Walter Davis Jr., bassist Ron Carter and drummers Roy Haynes and Beaver Harris in January 1968 with two additional tracks featuring baritone saxophonist  Charles Davis, pianist Dave Burrell and bassist Walter Booker recorded in February 1969, and first released on Kwanza (1974), added to the CD release.

Reception
The AllMusic review by Thom Jurek states: "The set is a glorious stretch of the old and new, with deep blues, gospel, and plenty of guttersnipe swing in the mix."

Track listing
 "Damn If I Know (The Stroller)" (Walter Davis Jr.) - 6:16
 "Frankenstein" (Grachan Moncur III) - 13:50
 "Fiesta" (Archie Shepp) - 9:54
 "Sophisticated Lady" (Duke Ellington, Irving Mills, Mitchell Parish) - 7:08
 "New Africa" (Moncur) - 12:55 Bonus track on CD
 "Bakai" (Cal Massey) - 10:14 Bonus track on CD
Recorded at RCA Studio, NYC, January 29, 1968 (tracks 1-4) and National Recording Studios, NYC, February 26, 1969(tracks 5-6)

Personnel
Archie Shepp: tenor saxophone
Jimmy Owens: trumpet
Grachan Moncur III: trombone
Walter Davis Jr.: piano (tracks 1-4)
Ron Carter: bass (tracks 1-4)
Roy Haynes: drums (tracks 3 & 4)
Beaver Harris: drums (tracks 1 & 2; 5 & 6)
Charles Davis: baritone saxophone (track 5 & 6)
Dave Burrell: piano (tracks 5 & 6)
Walter Booker: bass (tracks 5 & 6)

References

1968 albums
Archie Shepp albums
Impulse! Records albums
Albums produced by Bob Thiele
Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio


Joshua Michael Brodie (born 8 June 1987 in Wellington) is a New Zealand cricketer who plays for the Wellington Firebirds in the State Championship.

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
New Zealand cricketers
Wellington cricketers
21st-century New Zealand people


St. Mark Senior Secondary Public School, Meera Bagh, is a co-educational English medium institution, inaugurated by the then Lt.Governor of Delhi, Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh on 20 April 1990. It has a strength of 3800 students..

Academics
Recognized by the Delhi Administration, the school follows the CBSE Syllabus. It has laboratories, a library, computers, Audio-visual facilities, a play field for all the major games (cricket, football, basketball), NCC & Scouts, hobby clubs, and co-curricular activities like camping and educational excursions.

In addition to the above, there is a Maths laboratory, and Resource Rooms for English, Hindi, Sanskrit and Psychology.

Notable alumni
 Shikhar Dhawan - cricket player
 Karan Wahi - actor, anchor and model
 Barun Sobti - actor and model
 Priyanka Bassi - actress
 Raashi Khanna  - actress

See also
St. Mark's Senior Secondary School, Janakpuri
Education in India
List of schools in India
List of schools in Delhi affiliated with CBSE

References

Schools in West Delhi
High schools and secondary schools in Delhi
1975 establishments in Delhi


Thokcha (; also alternatively ) are tektites and meteorites which serve as amulets. Typically high in iron content, these are traditionally believed to contain a magical, protective power comparable to Tibetan dzi beads. Most thokcha are made of a copper alloy.

The use of meteoric iron has been common throughout the history of ferrous metallurgy. Historically, thokcha were prized for the metallurgical fabrication of weapons, musical instruments, and sacred tools, such as the phurba. Thokcha are an auspicious addition in the metallurgical fabrication of sacred objects cast from panchaloha.

Writer Robert Beer regards meteoric iron as "the supreme substance for forging the physical representation of the vajra or other iron weapons." It was believed that these amulets had been tempered by the celestial gods before falling to Earth. Beer describes the metal falling from space as a metaphor for "the indivisibility of form and emptiness." Many meteorite fragments can be found in Tibet due to its high altitude and open landscape.

Age

Thokcha (amulets) are classified into two overlapping periods of origin: the pre-Buddhist period (1000 BC900 AD) and the Buddhist period (after 700 AD). Some of the earliest thokcha can be linked to the Tibetan  Zhangzhung culture.

Types of Thokcha

Thokcha are metal objects approximately , originally made to function as horse harnesses, buckles, fibulae, and arrow heads. They can also be used as adornments for clothing, lighters and purses.

Thokcha may represent real or mythological animals, often deities from Tibet's Bön or Buddhist religions. However, since several thokcha are abstract in form, the precise meaning of these pieces remains uncertain.

History

Thogchags or Thokcha (Wylie: Thog lcags) are worn as amulets by Tibetans, specifically people of the Himalayan regions, for spiritual protection and healing. Created in several forms, they often depict tantric deities, sacred animals, auspicious symbols, and mantras. Many represent ritual supports such as a mirror, phurba, or vajra. Some pieces may be abstract in nature, and the meaning of the form has since been lost in antiquity. Further research is still in the process. Other Thokcha were simply used as ancient arrow points, buckles, body armour, or even old horse trappings.

Genuine pieces are believed to be made from a combination of meteorite, iron, bronze, copper, and a number of other metals. A few of the pre-Buddhist pieces originate from Persia or Central Asia and some are as ancient as 3,000 years old. The rarest and most sought after thokcha are believed to be made from a meteoric metal known as 'Namchak,' which literally means 'sky iron' or 'sky metal.' Very old pieces can have a distinct patina and have been worn out into smooth surfaces after centuries of handling. Many ornaments have unique textures which are almost impossible to replicate.

Popular belief
The word Thokcha is composed of two words; thog that means above, primordial, first, or thunderbolt, and lcags that stands for iron or metal, so the literal meaning of thokcha is "original iron" or "thunderbolt iron."

A popular Tibetan belief  is that thokcha are produced magically when a thunderbolt strikes the earth. Historically, it was believed that if one was to find a thokcha underground by chance, they would work as a good luck charm.

A gesture of sympathetic magic portrays that if you cast vajras from the metal, it would return a piece of the original iron to the site where it was found.

See also
 Glossary of meteoritics
 Iron Man, a Tibetan sculpture of Vaiśravaṇa carved from an iron meteorite
 Panchaloha
 Orichalcum

Notes

References
Anninos, Tony, Tokches – Images of Change in Early Buddhist Tibet, Orientations, October 1998, 29(9): 93.
Anninos, Tony, Thokcha: the Ancient Amulets of Tibet, Thokcha World, The Max Maxwell Collection, San Francisco, 2000.
Bellezza, John Vincent, "Thog lcags", The Tibet Journal, 1994, 19(1): 92–97.
Bellezza, John Vincent, "Thogchags: Talismans of Tibet", Arts of Asia, May–June 1998, 28(3): 44–64.
John, Gudrun, Tibetische Amulette aus Himmelseisen - Das Geheimnis der Toktschaks, VML-Verlag, Raden/Westf., 2006.
Lin, Tung-Kuang, Antique Tibetan Thogchags and Seals, The Art of Tibet, Taipei, 2003.
Weihreter, Hans, Thog-lcags. Geheimnisvolle Amulette Tibets. PDF-Dokument, Edition Kyung, Augsburg, 2002.

External links

 Thokcha ~ Tibetan Amulets
 Tibetan Meteorite
 http://www.asianart.com/articles/thogchags/index.html
 http://www.asianart.com/articles/vestiges/index.html

Tibetan culture
Meteorites in culture
Amulets


This is a list of casinos in Missouri.

List of casinos

Gallery

See also

List of casinos in the United States
List of casino hotels

References

External links

Missouri
Casinos


The following is a list of presidents of the Legislative Council of Jamaica.

List of presidents of the Jamaican Council
Source:

List of presidents of the Legislative Council of Jamaica

Source:

This position was succeeded by the President of the Senate of Jamaica.

Footnote and references

Politics of Jamaica
Jamaica, Presidents Of The Legislative Council


Mr. Frank, the Underground Mail-Agent is an 1853 parody novel written by an unknown author credited as "Vidi".

Background
Mr. Frank is an example of the pro-slavery plantation literature genre that emerged from the Southern United States in response to the abolitionist novel Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852, which was criticised in the South for its negative portrayal of plantation life.

However, whereas the majority of such anti-Tom novels were direct attacks on Uncle Tom's Cabin, Mr. Frank instead chooses to parody the events of Stowe's novel rather than serve as an antithesis to her work.

Plot introduction
The novel centres on Mr. Frank, a kindhearted but empty-headed worker for the Underground Railroad, where he works to help runaway slaves from the South flee to the Northern United States and then onto Canada. Originally, Mr. Frank is an abolitionist at heart, but comes to believe that slavery is a necessary evil, for while it is wrong, the slaves themselves are better off under their Southern masters than they are in the North.

As time passes, Mr. Frank also learns of the corruption within the Underground Railroad itself, discovering that the abolitionists he works with are nothing more than hopeful slaveowners, convincing slaves from the South to run away from their original masters with promises of freedom, only to be enslaved once more.

Influences
It has been noted by researchers from the University of Virginia that the writing-style of Mr. Frank bears some similarity to the works of the English satirist Henry Fielding, famed for his satirical novel Shamela, released in 1742 as a parody of the 1740 novel Pamela by Samuel Richardson.

It has been argued that Mr. Frank may be attempting to imitate Shamela by parodying Uncle Tom's Cabin, although this remains open to debate.

Authorship
Almost all editions of Mr. Frank identify the author as simply Vidi (Latin for "I saw", as in the famous Veni, vidi, vici speech made by Julius Caesar). The identity of Vidi remains unknown, although it has been suggested by the sarcastic remarks made in Mr. Frank towards female readers that Vidi may have been male. It may also be the case that James Whitcomb Riley, the author of the poem "Little Orphant Annie", made veiled references to the people behind the book.

Publication history
Lippincott, Grambo & Co. originally released the novel under the original title of The Underground Mail-Agent. For unknown reasons, this same edition was released with a second title-page giving the full title of Mr. Frank, the Underground Mail-Agent.

The publishers Lippincott, Grambo & Co. had been responsible for the release of the critically successful Aunt Phillis's Cabin in 1852, and also released Antifanaticism: A Tale of the South – another anti-Tom novel – in the same year as Mr. Frank.

See also

Shamela – A 1742 parody novel by Henry Fielding
White Acre vs. Black Acre – Another satirical anti-Tom novel, released in 1856

References

External links
Mr. Frank at the University of Virginia

1853 American novels
Anti-Tom novels
American satirical novels
Works published anonymously
Parody novels
Lippincott, Grambo & Co. books
Works of unknown authorship


Cann v Willson (1888) 39 Ch D 39, is an English tort law case, concerning negligent valuation.

Facts
A valuer instructed by a mortgagor sent his report to the mortgagee who made an advance in reliance on the valuation.

Judgment
The valuer was held liable in the tort of negligence to the mortgagee for failing to carry out the valuation with reasonable care and skill.

See also
Smith v Eric S Bush

1888 in case law
English tort case law
1888 in England
Negligence case law
Valuation (finance)
1888 in British law


Phú Xuân (富春) was the historic capital of the Nguyễn lords, the Tây Sơn dynasty, and later became the Nguyễn dynasty's capital (renamed Huế).

History
In 1306, the King of Champa Chế Mân offered Vietnam two Chăm prefectures, Ô and Lý, in exchange for marriage with a Vietnamese princess named Huyền Trân. The Vietnamese Emperor Trần Anh Tông accepted this offer. He took and renamed Ô and Lý prefectures to Thuận prefecture and Hóa prefecture, respectively, with both of them often referred to as Thuận Hóa region.

In 1592, the Mạc dynasty was forced to flee to Cao Bằng and the Lê emperors were enthroned as de jure Vietnamese rulers under the leadership of Nguyễn Kim, the leader of Lê Dynasty loyalists. Later, Kim was poisoned by a Mạc Dynasty general which paved the way for his son-in-law, Trịnh Kiểm, to take over the leadership. Kim's eldest son, Nguyễn Uông, was also assassinated in order to secure Trịnh Kiểm's authority. Nguyễn Hoàng, another son of Nguyễn Kim, feared a fate like Nguyễn Uông's so he pretended to have mental illness. He asked his sister Ngoc Bao, who was a wife of Trịnh Kiểm, to entreat Kiểm to let Hoàng govern Thuận Hóa, the furthest south region of Vietnam at that time.

Because Mạc dynasty loyalists were revolting in Thuận Hóa and Trịnh Kiểm was busy fighting the Mạc dynasty forces in northern Vietnam during this time, Ngoc Bao's request was approved and Nguyễn Hoàng went south. After Hoàng pacified Thuận Hóa, he and his heir Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên serectly made this region loyal to the Nguyễn family; then they rose against the Trịnh Lords. Vietnam erupted into a new civil war between two de facto ruling families: the clan of the Nguyễn lords and the clan of the Trịnh lords.

The Nguyễn lords chose Thừa Thiên, a northern territory of Thuận Hóa, as their family seat. In 1687 during the reign of Nguyễn lord Nguyễn Phúc Trăn, the construction of a citadel was started in Phú Xuân, a village in Thừa Thiên Province. The citadel was a power symbol of Nguyễn family rather than a defensive building because the Trịnh lords' army could not breach Nguyễn lords' defense in the north regions of Phú Xuân. In 1744, Phú Xuân officially became the capital of central and southern Vietnam after Nguyễn lord Nguyễn Phúc Khoát proclaimed himseft Võ vương (Võ King or Martial King in Vietnamese). Among westerners living in the capital at this period was the Portuguese Jesuit João de Loureiro from 1752 onwards.

However, Tây Sơn rebellions broke out in 1771 and quickly occupied a large area from Quy Nhơn to Bình Thuận, thereby weakening the authority and power of the Nguyễn lords. While the war between Tây Sơn rebellion and Nguyễn lord was being fought, the Trịnh lords sent south a massive army and easily captured Phú Xuân in 1775. After the capture of Phú Xuân, the Trịnh lords' general Hoàng Ngũ Phúc made a tactical alliance with Tây Sơn and withdrew almost all troops to Tonkin and left some troops in Phú Xuân. In 1786, Tây Sơn rebellion defeated the Trịnh garrison and occupied Phú Xuân. Under the reign of emperor Quang Trung, Phú Xuân became Tây Sơn dynasty capital. In 1802, Nguyễn Ánh, a successor of the Nguyễn lords, recaptured Phú Xuân and unified the country. Nguyễn Ánh rebuilt the citadel entirely and made it the Imperial City capital of all of Vietnam.

See also
Imperial City, Huế
Southern and Northern Dynasties (Vietnam)

References

External links
 Chronological table of the monuments of Hué
 Architecture of the Ancient Capital of Hue – Vietnam National Characteristics and Foreign Influences

Huế


Equine chorionic gonadotropin (acronym given as eCG but not to be confused with ECG) is a gonadotropic hormone produced in the chorion of pregnant mares. Previously referred to as pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG), the hormone is commonly used in concert with progestogen to induce ovulation in livestock prior to artificial insemination.

Pregnant mares secrete the hormone from their endometrial cups between 40 and 130 days into their gestation, and once collected, it has been used to artificially induce estrus in female sheep, goats, cattle, and swine. Despite being less pure than pituitary extracts from sheep, goats or swine, PMSG tends to be used because of its longer circulatory half-life. In equids PMSG has only LH like activity, but in other species it has activity like both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Equine CG, like all glycoprotein hormones, is composed of two dissimilar subunits named alpha and beta. The alpha subunit is common to all glycoprotein hormones (LH, FSH, TSH, CG). The beta subunits are hormone-specific and are responsible for receptor binding specificity, although CG binds to the same Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor as LH. In the equids (horses, donkeys, zebras), the placental CGs and pituitary LH are expressed from the same gene and thus have the same protein sequence, differing only by their carbohydrate side-chains (particularly in their respective beta subunits).

Criticism
The Swiss-based Animal Welfare Foundation has criticized how eCG is obtained from horse blood collected by inhumane practices in Uruguayan, Argentinian, and Icelandic horse farms, as documented in undercover videos shot there.

A documentary was released in 2023 regarding the hormone.

References

Notes

External links
 Gonadotrophin preparations: past, present and Future perspectives.  Fertil. Steril. 2008; 90:S13-20 American Society for Reproductive Medicine

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins
Hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis
Horse hormones