William Skinner may refer to:

William Skinner (MP) (1596–1627), MP for Great Grimsby, 1626
William Skinner (British Army officer) (1700–1780), British military engineer
William Skinner (North Carolina general) (1728–1798), general in the North Carolina militia during the American Revolution
William Skinner (bishop) (1778–1857), bishop of Aberdeen in the Scottish Episcopal Church
William Skinner (ethnographer) (1857–1946), New Zealand surveyor, historian, and ethnographer
William I. Skinner (1812–1891), American politician from New York
G. William Skinner (1925–2008), American anthropologist and scholar of China
William W. Skinner (1874–1953), American chemist, conservationist, and college football coach
William C. Skinner (1855–1922), president of Colt's Manufacturing Company
William Henry Skinner (1838–1915), Welsh architect who migrated to New Zealand
William Skinner of Corra (1823–1901), town clerk of Edinburgh
William Skinner (EastEnders), fictional character from EastEnders spin-off "CivvyStreet"

See also
Will Skinner (disambiguation)


Carolina is the second studio album by American country music artist Eric Church. It was released on March 24, 2009 via Capitol Records Nashville. "Love Your Love the Most", the album's lead-off single, became Church's first Top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. This song follows the non-album single "His Kind of Money (My Kind of Love)", which peaked outside the top 40 in mid-2008. As of November 29, 2013, the album has sold 715,000 copies in the US, and it has been certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 2016.

Singles

"Love Your Love the Most"

"Love Your Love the Most" was released as the album's lead-off single. It entered the top 40 on the Hot Country Songs in April 2009, becoming his first top 40 hit since "Guys Like Me" in early 2007, as well as his first top ten country hit peaking at No. 10 in October 2009.

"Hell on the Heart"

"Hell on the Heart" was released as the second single in October, and entered the top 40 in November.

"Smoke a Little Smoke"

"Smoke a Little Smoke" was released as the album's third single in June 2010.

Critical reception

Upon its release, Carolina received generally positive reviews from most music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 76, based on 4 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews".

Stephen Thomas Erlewine reviewed the album for AllMusic and gave it three-and-a-half stars out of five. He said that "Church sings like a manicured model, striking all the poses and hitting all the notes, but missing that essential grit. Of course, he isn't helped out by the production of his second album Carolina, a recording that gleams pristine, designed for two drinks at an after-work smokeless bar, not a long booze-filled night at a honky tonk dive. It's a commercial sound, one that puts Carolina firmly within the mainstream, and it also fits the contours of Church's voice."

Jonathan Keefe of Slant Magazine was less favorable, calling it "a strident stab at the mainstream commercial acceptance that has thus far eluded the singer-songwriter." He cited the production of "Smoke a Little Smoke" and "Longer Gone" for "that actually reinforc[ing] the tones of those songs," giving the album two stars out of five.

Commercial performance
As of November 2013 the album has sold 715,000 copies.  The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA for combined sales and streams of one million units on August 31, 2016.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from the Carolina liner notes.

Musicians

Bruce Bouton – dobro, pedal steel guitar
Luke Bulla – fiddle
Mark Casstevens – banjo, acoustic guitar
Nathan Chapman – acoustic guitar, background vocals
Stephanie Chapman – background vocals
Eric Church – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, lead vocals
J. T. Corenflos – electric guitar
Steve Fishell – dobro, pedal steel guitar
Lee Hendricks – bass guitar
Jedd Hughes – acoustic guitar, mandolin
Jeff Hyde – acoustic guitar
Jay Joyce – drum programming, Fender Rhodes, electric guitar, Hammond B-3 organ

Gary Morse – dobro, pedal steel guitar
Russ Pahl – dobro, pedal steel guitar
Mike Severs – acoustic guitar
Ed Smoak – electric guitar
Bryan Sutton – banjo, acoustic guitar, mandolin
Russell Terrell – background vocals
Ilya Toshinsky – banjo, acoustic guitar
Kenny Vaughan – electric guitar
Driver Williams – electric guitar
Craig Wright – drums, percussion
Jonathan Yudkin – fiddle

Production
Jay Joyce – producer
Reid Shippen – mixing (Soundstage Studios)
Andrew Mendelson – mastering (Georgetown Masters)
Scott Johnson – production assistance

Imagery
Joanna Carter – creative direction
Wendy Stamberger – art direction and design
Jim Wright – photography
Lee Moore – wardrobe
Debra Williams – grooming
Michelle Hall – art production
Jill Lamothe – art production

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2009 albums
Capitol Records albums
Eric Church albums
Albums produced by Jay Joyce


The discography of At the Drive-In, an El Paso, Texas-based post-hardcore band active from 1994 to 2018, consists of four studio albums, one compilation album, five EPs, six singles, and three music videos.

At the Drive-In formed in 1994 with an initial lineup of Cedric Bixler-Zavala (lead vocals), Jim Ward (guitar and backing vocals), Jarrett Wrenn (guitar), Kenny Hopper (bass guitar), and Bernie Rincon (drums). This lineup released the band's debut EP, Hell Paso, through their own imprint Western Breed Records that November. Rincon was replaced by Davy Simmons for their second EP, 1995's ¡Alfaro Vive, Carajo! Further lineup changes saw Wrenn replaced by Adam Amparan, Hopper by Omar Rodríguez-López, and Simmons by Ryan Sawyer. The band's debut album, Acrobatic Tenement, was released in July 1996 through Flipside Records. The band's lineup fluctuated again, with Amparan's departure prompting Rodríguez-López to move to guitar while Paul Hinojos filled the bass position, and Tony Hajjar replaced Sawyer on drums. Ben Rodriguez played guitar on 1997's El Gran Orgo EP due to Ward's inability to participate, however Ward was back in place for a split single with The Aasee Lake and the band's second album, In/Casino/Out, released in August 1998 by Fearless Records. The lineup of Bixler-Zavala, Ward, Rodríguez-López, Hinojos, and Hajjar would remain intact until the band's dissolution.

1999 saw the release of the Vaya EP, which spawned the band's first music video, for the song "Metronome Arthritis". A trio of split releases followed in 2000, including an EP with Sunshine and singles with Burning Airlines and the Murder City Devils. Their third studio album, Relationship of Command, was released in September 2000 through Grand Royal Records. It proved to be a breakthrough, reaching #116 on the Billboard 200 and #33 on the UK Albums Chart. All three of its singles, "One Armed Scissor", "Rolodex Propaganda", and "Invalid Litter Dept.", reached the UK Singles Chart, with "One Armed Scissor" also reaching #26 on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks chart. In 2001 the band went on indefinite hiatus, with Bixler-Zavala and Rodríguez-López forming The Mars Volta while Ward, Hinojos, and Hajjar formed Sparta. In November 2004 Fearless Records re-released all three of the band's studio albums as well as the Vaya EP, followed by the compilation album This Station Is Non-Operational in 2005 which reached #95 on the Billboard 200 and #3 amongst independently released albums.

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Extended plays

Singles

Compilation appearances

Music videos

References

Discography
Discographies of American artists
Post-hardcore group discographies

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John Gibbons (born 1962) is an American baseball coach and former player

John Gibbons may also refer to:

Politics and law
Sir John Gibbons, 2nd Baronet (c. 1717–1776), British Member of Parliament for Stockbridge (1754–1761) and Wallingford (1761–1768)
John Lloyd Gibbons (1837–1919), British Member of Parliament for Wolverhampton South (1898–1900)
John Joseph Gibbons (1924–2018), American judge
John C. Gibbons (died 2021), Palauan politician

Sports
John Gibbons (cricketer) (1774–1844), English MCC cricketer
Tex Gibbons (John Haskell Gibbons, 1907–1984), American Olympic basketball player
John Gibbons (pitcher) (1922–2008), American Negro league baseball player
John Gibbons (footballer) (1925–2021), English footballer
John Gibbons (rower) (born 1943), New Zealand representative rower

Others
John Gibbons (Jesuit) (1544–1589), English Jesuit theologian and controversialist
John Gibbons (c. 1690), porter of Whitehall Palace and 'pursuer of coiners', see William Chaloner
John H. Gibbons (naval officer) (1859–1944), captain in the United States Navy
John H. Gibbons (scientist) (1929–2015), American scientist
John Gibbons (activist), Irish environmentalist
John Gibbons (DJ), Irish record producer
John Gibbons (ironmaster), English ironmaster and art patron
John Gibbons, conductor of Worthing Symphony Orchestra

See also
Jackie Gibbons (1914–1984), English football manager
Jack Gibbons, musician
John Gibbon (disambiguation)


William Bon Mardion (born 4 October 1983) is a French ski mountaineer.

Bon Mardion was born and lives in Arêches where he is member of the Club Multisports Arêches-Beaufort. He started ski mountaineering in 1998. He competed first as a member of the "Espoirs" team at the Pierra Menta race in the same year and has been member of the national team since 2006.

Selected results
 2005:
 10th, European Championship single race
 2007:
 2nd, European Championship team race (together with Alexandre Pellicier)
 2nd, European Championship combination ranking
 3rd, European Championship single race
 2008:
 4th, World Championship team race (together with Grégory Gachet)
 2010:
 3rd, World Championship relay race (together with Didier Blanc, Florent Perrier and Grégory Gachet)
 4th, World Championship team race (together with Alexandre Pellicier)
 8th, World Championship single race
 9th, World Championship combination ranking
 2011:
 2nd, World Championship single race
 2nd, World Championship vertical, combined ranking
 3rd, World Championship vertical race
 3rd, World Championship team race (together with Didier Blanc)
 3rd, World Championship relay, together with Didier Blanc, Xavier Gachet and Yannick Buffet
 2012:
 1st, European Championship single
 2nd, European Championship relay, together with Alexis Sévennec-Verdier, Valentin Favre and Yannick Buffet
 5th, World Championship vertical, combined ranking
 6th, European Championship vertical race
 7th, European Championship sprint

Pierra Menta

 2007: 4th, together with Vincent Meilleur
 2008: 4th, together with Grégory Gachet
 2009: 7th, together with Nicolas Bonnet
 2010: 2nd, together with Florent Perrier
 2011: 4th, together with Martin Anthamatten
 2012: 3rd, together with Pietro Lanfranchi
 2013: 1st, together with Mathéo Jacquemoud

Trofeo Mezzalama

 2011: 1st, together with Kílian Jornet Burgada and Didier Blanc

External links
 Official website
 William Bon Mardion at skimountaineering.org

References

1983 births
Living people
French male ski mountaineers
Sportspeople from Savoie


Executive Order 13493 is an Executive Order issued by United States President Barack Obama ordering the identification of lawful alternatives to the detention of captives in the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba.
The full title of the order is Executive Order 13493 - Review of Detention Policy Options.
In his previous order, Executive Order 13492, Obama had ordered the camps' closure within a year, but Guantanamo Bay detention camp has still yet to be closed.

Executive Order 13493 was a follow-up to Executive Order 13492; in it, Obama had laid out the Special Interagency Task Force. Its job was to find lawful options of places to relocate prisoners.

Membership

 The Attorney General, Co-Chair
 The Secretary of Defense, Co-Chair
 The Secretary of State
 The Secretary of Homeland Security
 The Director of National Intelligence
 The Director the CIA
 The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
 Any other officers employed by the United States, chosen by the Co-Chairs with the consent of the heads of the departments or agencies concerned.

Staff
Either Co-Chair was responsible to designate offices and employees within departments. Other agencies could request to work on the Special Interagency Task Force with the approval of the Co-Chairs and the heads of the agency they came from.

Operation
The Co-Chairs were in charge of meetings; they determined agendas and directed the agency's work. The Co-Chairs could make and direct subgroups that were staffed only by workers of the Special Interagency Task Force.

Mission
"The mission of the Special Task Force shall be to conduct a comprehensive review of the lawful options available to the Federal Government with respect to the apprehension, detention, trial, transfer, release, or other disposition of individuals captured or apprehended in connection with armed conflicts and counterterrorism operations, and to identify such options as are consistent with the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States and the interests of justice."

Administration
The task force was for administrative purposes within the Department of Justice who supported and funded the Special Task Force.

Report
The Special Task Force was directed to give the President a report through the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and the Council to the President on the operation of the task force.

Termination
The Co-Chair could terminate the task force when its duties were complete. It issued its final report in January 2010.

References

Executive orders of Barack Obama
Guantanamo Bay detention camp


Hoboken City Hall, is located in Hoboken, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The building was designed by Francis G. Himpler and was built in 1883. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 1, 1976. The building is a Second Empire structure modified to a Beaux Art Classicism design.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hudson County, New Jersey

References

Beaux-Arts architecture in New Jersey
Buildings and structures in Hoboken, New Jersey
City and town halls in New Jersey
City and town halls on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey
Government buildings completed in 1883
National Register of Historic Places in Hudson County, New Jersey
New Jersey Register of Historic Places


America is an album by American folk musician John Fahey, released in 1971. Originally intended to be a double album, it was released as a single LP. The unreleased material was subsequently restored in later CD and vinyl reissues.

History
The America sessions yielded over 80 minutes of music and Fahey worried that a double album wouldn’t sell. Originally planned to be a double-LP, almost half of the material was cut when it was released as a single LP. The 1998 CD reissue by Takoma restores the unreleased tracks. The title song, "America", is an extended version of the song originally recorded on Death Chants, Breakdowns & Military Waltzes and was cut from the original release. It is a rare example of Fahey playing a 12-string guitar. Fahey commented on the original and reissue releases in an interview for The Wire, "I thought the material on the second disc wasn't quite up to snuff, but listening to it now, it doesn't sound too bad."

The front and back cover art was created by Patrick Finnerty, the painting titles were respectively "The Turtle in the Millpond" and "The Destruction of Takoma Park, Maryland, 20012 [sic]". The original working title for the album was "Ecology".

In 1972, referring to "Mark 1:15", Fahey said "“Out of all the songs I ever wrote, I consider only two of them 'epic' or 'classic' or in the 'great' category and they are both on this record. It’s taken me more than five years to complete these." The CD reissue edits out roughly two minutes from this track due to the time constraints of a single CD pressing. "Mark 1:15" includes portions of "When the Springtime Comes Again," from Death Chants, Breakdowns & Military Waltzes.

"Dvorak" is an arrangement of the third movement of Antonín Dvořák's Symphony No. 8. "Jesus is a Dying-Bed Maker" is based on the traditional gospel music song "In My Time of Dying. "Dalhart, Texas, 1967" was later revisited as "The Grand Finale" on John Fahey Visits Washington D.C..

America was reissued on a limited edition vinyl double album in 2009 on the San Francisco–based label 4 Men With Beards. It includes all tracks and a gatefold with a reproduction of the original album booklet.  In reproducing the 1998 CD version, this release also included the truncated "Mark 1:15"

Reception

In his review of the reissue of America, music critic Richie Unterberger called it "...Fahey at his most ambitious... inventive acoustic guitar instrumentals that draw from folk and blues, with a sedate presentation that has a relaxing effect." and contrasts the CD reissue with the original LP. Will Hermes of Entertainment Weekly likewise contrasts favorably the two releases, stating "Restored to full scope, this set of chamber blues projects a sweeping panorama, combining epic originals with fractal readings of Skip James, Dvorak, and even "Amazing Grace". A new cornerstone in a towering oeuvre."

Matt Hanks of the now defunct No Depression magazine treats the reissue just as kindly, calling the reissue of America the "biggest debunker to date" of the improvement of the songs by reissue. "Heard in near-entirety, America transcends its already classic standing and becomes one of the most ambitious and epic records Fahey ever made... if you’re seeking one man’s ruminations on a world that has both enchanted and forsaken him, America is the Fahey effect you’re looking for."

Critic Greg Cahill of the Sonoma County Independent called the reissue "...rapturous in its beauty—a majestic, spacious work as grand in its deceptive simplicity as the early American landscape from which it draws inspiration."

Track listing
All songs by John Fahey unless otherwise noted.
 "Voice of the Turtle" – 15:42
 "The Waltz That Carried Us Away and Then a Mosquito Came and Ate Up My Sweetheart" – 5:49
 "Mark 1:15" – 16:18
 "Knoxville Blues" (Sam McGee) – 3:07

1998 reissue
 "Jesus Is a Dying Bedmaker" – 4:20
 "Amazing Grace" (John Newton) – 2:18
 "Song #3" – 1:48
 "Special Rider Blues" (Skip James) – 3:03
 "Dvorák" (Antonín Dvořák, arranged by Fahey) – 3:42
 "Jesus Is a Dying Bedmaker 2" – 3:23
 "Finale" – 3:10
 "America" – 7:40
 "Dalhart, Texas, 1967" – 11:01
 "Knoxville Blues" (Sam McGee) – 3:07
 "Mark 1:15" – 14:18
 Note: Song has been abridged
 "Voice of the Turtle" – 15:42
 "The Waltz That Carried Us Away and Then a Mosquito Came and Ate Up My Sweetheart" – 5:49
Note some CD reissues incorrectly use "Jesus Is a Dying Bedmaker" instead of the correct "Jesus Is a Dying-Bed Maker".

Personnel
John Fahey – guitar

Production notes
John Fahey – producer
Bill Belmont – reissue producer
Patrick Finnerty – art direction, design
John Judnich – engineer
Joe Tarantino – remastering
Charles M. Young – liner notes

References

1971 albums
John Fahey (musician) albums
Takoma Records albums
Albums produced by John Fahey (musician)


J. Sterling Livingston (June 7, 1916 – February 14, 2010) was an American entrepreneur, management consultant, and professor at the Harvard Business School for 25 years.

Early life
Sterling was born in Salt Lake City, Utah on June 7, 1916, and grew up in and near Chino, Glendale and Pomona, California. He worked as a wiper on board a cargo ship, then attended Glendale Junior College, the University of Southern California and the Harvard Business School, where he received his Master of Business Administration in 1940. During the Second World War he taught the Navy Supply Corps.

Career
Following the war Sterling received his PhD in Business Administration from Harvard, where he became a professor and taught for 25 years. His articles "Myth of the Well-Educated Manager" and "Pygmalion in Management" were published in the Harvard Business Review. He founded or co-founded several consulting companies including the Logistics Management Institute.

Death

Sterling died on February 14, 2010, and was buried at the Columbia Gardens Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia.

References

External links

University of Southern California alumni
Harvard Business School faculty
Glendale Community College (California) alumni
20th-century American businesspeople
American consulting businesspeople
Harvard Business School alumni
American business writers
Businesspeople from Salt Lake City
1916 births
2010 deaths
Business educators
American management consultants


Hoot Gibson (1892–1962) was an American rodeo performer, actor, and film director.

Other persons with this nickname include:

 Bob Gibson (1935–2020), Major League Baseball pitcher
 Claude "Hoot" Gibson (born 1939), American football player and coach
 Harvey "Hoot" Gibson (1934–2015), pilot of TWA Flight 841 (1979), a Boeing 727 involved in an in-flight incident in 1979
 Ralph Gibson (fighter pilot) (1924–2009), fighter pilot
 Robert L. Gibson (born 1946), NASA astronaut
 Ward Gibson (1921–1958), American professional basketball player
 Weldon B. Gibson (1917-2001), Economics researcher at SRI International
 Robert Gibson (wrestler) (born 1958), American professional wrestler

Gibson, Hoot


The Carolina Terrane, also called the Carolina Superterrane or Carolinia, is an exotic terrane running ~ approximately North-South from central Georgia to central Virginia in the United States. It constitutes a major part of the eastern Piedmont Province.

The terrane likely formed as a subduction-related volcanic island arc off the coast of South America (then Gondwana) during the Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian (625–550 MYA).  Plate tectonics moved it across the Iapetus Ocean until it docked with Laurentia (now the east coast of North America). The date of the docking is unknown, but could have occurred during the Taconic, Acadian, or Alleghanian Orogenies.

The terrane comprises Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian meta-sedimentary and meta-igneous rocks, intruded by later Paleozoic plutons. The protoliths of the meta-igneous rocks include mafic, intermediate, and felsic volcanics and plutons. These rocks underwent at least four metamorphic/deformation events, and so their original textures and mineralogies have been significantly altered.

As with related peri-Gondwanan terranes (e.g., Avalonia and Gander), the Carolina Terrane played a major role in the tectonic evolution of the east coast of North America during the Paleozoic. It represents the largest exotic terrane in the Appalachians, and underlies an enormous area of the southeastern United States.

Origin and Evolution
The Carolina Terrane's history begins in the Neoproterozoic, as the Rodinia supercontinent was breaking apart:
 Opening of the Paleoasian Ocean. As the Rodinia supercontinent broke apart, the Paleoasian Ocean opened between Baltica and Gondwana.
 Island Arc Formation. Between 625 and 550 Ma, a subduction zone initiated in the Paleoasian Ocean between Baltica and Gondwana. The subduction produced a string of volcanic island arcs off the coast of Gondwana, including the Carolina Terrane, Avalonia microcontinent, and Gander Terrane. It is unclear whether the arc formed on oceanic or continental crust.
 Opening of the Iapetus Ocean. As the Rodinia supercontinent continued to break apart, the Iapetus Ocean opened, splitting apart Laurentia, Baltica and Gondwana. The opening may have started as early as 760 Ma, though the major part appears to be later (~610 Ma; Kamo et al. 1989; Cawood et al. 2001), and the southern portion (between Laurentia and now-South America) may not have finish until 550 Ma.
 Metamorphic/Deformation Event of Unknown Cause: Upper-crustal folding, faulting, and mineral foliation during the Late Neoproterozoic / Early Cambrian (612–544 Ma); it is unclear whether this represents a regional or local event, or event what the event was. Proposed possible causes include back-arc rifting or closure, subduction of another block, or collision of the Charlotte and Carolina terranes.
 Migration of the Island Arcs & Opening of the Rheic Ocean. At some point in the Late-Cambrian/Early-Ordovician (~500 Ma), the subduction zone off the coast of Gondwana caused a back-arc basin to rift. The new spreading center opened the Rheic Ocean between the Carolina-Avalonia-Gander terranes and Gondwana. The combination of slab rollback and ridge-push moved the Carolina-Avalonia-Gander terranes north across the Iapetus Ocean, toward Laurentia and Baltica. Avalonia would dock with Baltica before they both collided with Laurentia; the Carolina Terrane appears to have not docked with Baltica.
 Metamorphic/Deformation Event of Unknown Cause: The Carolina Terrane underwent another metamorphic event during the Late Ordovician/Silurian (480–450 Ma), which brought its rocks to greenschist facies. This time period broadly conforms to the Taconic Orogeny, and could represent the docking of Carolina onto Laurentia.
 Cat Square Terrane Formation. As the Carolina Terrane approached Laurentia (~430–380 Ma), the Cat Square Terrane formed in the ocean basin between Laurentia and the approaching Carolina Terrane. It's possible it formed as an accretionary prism in front of the Carolina Terrane.
 Metamorphic/Deformation Event of Unknown Cause: The Carolina Terrane underwent another metamorphic event during the Devonian (358–391 Ma). This time period broadly conforms to the Acadian Orogeny, and could represent the docking of Carolina onto Laurentia.
 Docking with Laurentia.  It is unclear exactly when the Carolina Terrane docked with Laurentia. Hypotheses include accretion during the Taconic Orogeny, Acadian Orogeny, or Alleghanian Orogeny. See summary of evidence for each in.
 Alleghanian Metamorphism. The Carolina Terrane was metamorphosed again during the Alleghanian Orogeny, reaching greenschist facies in the Eastern Slate Belt and amphibolite facies in the Charlotte Terrane.

Relationships to Nearby Terranes
The Carolina Terrane is part of the larger Carolina Zone, which includes several related terranes: the Charlotte Terrane, Falls Lake Terrane, Crabtree Terrane, Raleigh Terrane, Spring Hope Terrane, Roanoke Rapids Terrane, Uchee Terrane, Savannah River Terrane, Augusta Terrane, Milledgeville Terrane, Triplet Terrane, and Dreher Shoals Terrane.

In addition to the related terranes of the Carolina Zone, the Carolina Terrane is adjacent to several possibly-unrelated terranes, including:
 Cat Square Terrane. a strip of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks east of the Tugaloo Terrane. These rocks were likely deposited as greywackes and pelites between 430 and ~380 million years ago. They were likely originally deposited in the shallow ocean basin between Laurentia and the approaching Carolina Terrane (detrital zircons from both Laurentia and the Carolina Terrane have been identified in the Cat Square deposits).
 Goochland Terrane: a strip of metamorphic rocks running along the northeast boundary of the Carolina Terrane. It is unclear how this zone is related to the Carolina Terrane. The Raleigh-Goochland Terrane is intruded by Neoproterozoic alkalic granite plutons, which could be related to Carolina Terrane arc volcanism (in which case, the Raleigh-Goochland Terrane may represent the basement of the Carolina Terrane), or the plutons could be related to Rodinia-related rifting along the margins of Laurentia (in which case, it may represent a displaced fragment of Laurentia).

References

Terranes
Geology of South Carolina
Geology of North Carolina


The 1987 Gator Bowl was a college football bowl game between the South Carolina Gamecocks and the LSU Tigers. LSU defeated South Carolina, 30–13.

Background
South Carolina competed as an independent and was tied for fourth-best record among independent schools. LSU finished second in the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
 The game would be vaunted as a matchup between the "Black Death" defense of SC versus the prolific pro-style LSU offense led by Tommy Hodson at QB and Wendell Davis, one of the best wideouts in all of college football.

Game summary

First quarter
LSU – Wendell Davis, 39-yard pass from Tommy Hodson (David Browndyke kick)
LSU – Davis, 12-yard pass from Hodson (Browndyke kick)
South Carolina – Collin Mackie, 44-yard field goal

Second quarter
LSU – Browndyke, 27-yard field goal
South Carolina – Mackie, 39-yard field goal
LSU – Browndyke, 18-yard field goal

Third quarter
LSU – Davis, 25-yard pass from Hodson (Browndyke kick)

Fourth quarter
South Carolina – Harold Green, 10-yard run (Mackie kick)
LSU – Browndyke, 23-yard field goal

Statistics

Aftermath
South Carolina was invited to join the Southeastern Conference in 1990, and began playing football in their new conference in 1992. The Gamecocks and Tigers first met as SEC opponents in 1994 at Baton Rouge. South Carolina won that game 18-17, but is 0-7-1 vs. LSU since.

References

Gator Bowl
Gator Bowl
South Carolina Gamecocks football bowl games
LSU Tigers football bowl games
December 1987 sports events in the United States


Robert McBride (February 20, 1911 – July 1, 2007) was an American composer and instrumentalist.

Life
McBride was born in Tucson, Arizona, and learned from an early age to play clarinet, oboe, saxophone and the piano. He studied composition with Otto Luening at the University of Arizona, receiving a Bachelor of Music degree in 1933, and a Master of Music in 1935. From 1935 until 1946 he taught at Bennington College, where he met and married his wife, Carol. He then moved to New York City, where he worked briefly as a commercial composer and arranger, at first for Triumph Films, producing scores for Farewell to Yesterday (1950), The Man with My Face (1951), Garden of Eden (1954), and a number of short subjects. As television began to supplant short subjects at the movies, in 1957 he joined the faculty of his alma mater, the University of Arizona, where he taught until 1976.

By the mid-1990s he had developed an ear disorder that caused him to hear pitches a half-step off, and so he was unable to listen to music at all.

Style
His music, often with catchy titles, ranged from the serious to the whimsical: ballets, jazz pieces, instrumental solos, chamber pieces, and orchestral works.

Discography
1934. Mexican Rhapsody. Boston Promenade Orchestra; Arthur Fiedler, cond.
1935. Fugato on a Well-Known Theme. Boston Promenade Orchestra; Arthur Fiedler, cond.
1937. Warm-up for English horn alone (decidedly alone). Robert McBride, English horn.
1937. Let down for English horn with piano. Robert McBride, English horn; Paul Creston, piano.
1939. Quintet for Oboe and Strings. Robert McBride, oboe; Coolidge Quartet.
1939. Swing Stuff. Robert McBride, clarinet; Boston Promenade Orchestra; Arthur Fiedler, cond.
1939. Jingle-Jangle. Lawrence White, vibraphone; Boston Promenade Orchestra; Arthur Fiedler, cond.
1940. Wise-apple Five, for clarinet and strings. Robert McBride, clarinet; soloists.
1947. Aria and Toccata in Swing for Violin and Orchestra. Louis Kaufman, violin; Columbia Symphony Orchestra; Bernard Herrmann, cond.
1947. Aria and Toccata in Swing (arr. by Louis Kaufman). Louis Kaufman, violin; Annette Kaufman, piano.
1953. Concerto for Violin and Orchestra. Maurice Wilk, violin; American Recording Society Orchestra; Walter Hendl, cond.
1957. Mexican Rhapsody. On Fiesta in Hi-Fi. LP recording, 1 disc: 12 in., stereo. Olympian Series. Mercury MG 50134. Eastman-Rochester Orchestra; Howard Hanson, cond. Recorded May 6, 1956, Eastman Theatre, Rochester, N.Y. Reissued 1960 on LP, Mercury SR 90134. Reissued 1992 on CD, Mercury 434 324-2.
1958. Pumpkin Eater's Little Fugue. New Symphony Orchestra of London; Salvatore Camarata, cond.
1958. Workout for 15 Instruments. New Symphony Orchestra of London; Salvatore Camarata, cond.
1968. Panorama of Mexico. Polish National Radio Orchestra; Ladzistan Szostak, cond.
1969. March of the Be-Bops. On Music for Orchestra. LP recording, 1 disc: 12 in., stereo. Composers Recordings CRI . Polish National Radio Orchestra; Ladzistan Szostak, cond.

References

External links
 Mexican Rhapsody For Symphony Orchestra. McBride's M.Mus. Thesis at the University of Arizona, School of Music, 1935

1911 births
2007 deaths
20th-century classical composers
American male classical composers
American classical composers
Ballet composers
Bennington College faculty
University of Arizona alumni
Musicians from Tucson, Arizona
University of Arizona faculty
20th-century American composers
20th-century American male musicians
Classical musicians from Arizona


William Parodi studied law in Panama's National University and has a Master's degree on financial crimes from Spain.

Parodi is currently the prosecuting officer  for circuit 14th, Panama city, Panama. His office is responsible for financial crimes and it is currently responsible for the David Murcia / D.M.G. Grupo Holding S.A. case.

References

21st-century Panamanian lawyers
Living people
1973 births


Joseph Gilbert may refer to:

Joseph Gilbert (Royal Navy officer) (1732–1821), English naval officer, Master of HMS Resolution on Cook's second voyage
Joseph Gilbert (minister) (1779–1852), English Congregational minister
Joseph Gilbert (politician) (20th century), Grenadian politician
Joe Gilbert (musician) (1940–1966), American singer, of Joe and Eddie
Joseph Gilbert (RAF officer) (born 1931), British air marshal
Joseph Henry Gilbert (1817–1901), English chemist
Joseph Gilbert (winemaker) (1800–1881), South Australian pastoralist
Joe Gilbert (baseball) (born 1952), former Major League Baseball pitcher
Joey Gilbert (born 1976), retired professional boxer
Joseph Trounsell Gilbert (1888–1975), Bermudan barrister, judge and politician
Joseph Francis Gilbert, British landscape painter and draughtsman
Joe Gilbert (American football), college and nfl coach

See also
 Edward Joseph Gilbert (born 1936), American born Catholic bishop of the Antilles
 Sir Gilbert Joseph Cullen Dyett, CMG (1891–1964), Australian World War I veteran
 Joseph Gilbert Totten (1788–1864), fought in the War of 1812
 Joseph Gilbert Hamilton (1907–1957), American professor of medical physics
 Nicolas Joseph Laurent Gilbert (1750–1780), French poet
 Tookie Gilbert (Harold Joseph Gilbert, 1929–1967), American first baseman


Todd Williams (born 1971) is a Major League Baseball relief pitcher.

Todd Williams may also refer to:

Todd Williams (actor) (born 1977), American actor
Todd Williams (American football) (1978–2014), American football offensive tackle
Todd Williams (runner) (born 1969), American long-distance runner
Todd Williams (singer), Australian singer

See also
Tod Williams (disambiguation)


Meadow Pond Dam was an earthen dam in Alton, New Hampshire, in the United States, that collapsed in 1996, causing a fatal flood.

Location
Alton is a town of 5,000 located at the southern tip of Lake Winnipesaukee in east-central New Hampshire. A single two-lane highway (Route 140) serves as the main gateway to the town from the west. Route 140 crosses the Merrymeeting River to the west of the center of town.

Meadow Pond/Bergeron Pond dam failure

Located to the northwest of the river crossing reside the Bergerons, who own the  property where Meadow Pond is located. After purchasing the property in the early 1990s, the Bergerons constructed a dam at their own expense to expand the original pond for boating and other recreational uses. The pond was increased to  of water ( of water), held back by a trapezoidal-shaped earthen dam,  long and  high.

On the evening of Wednesday, March 13, 1996, the wife of the dam owner noticed the creek running between the Bergeron dam and the Merrymeeting River swollen with water. Bob Bergeron inspected the dam at 6:46 p.m. and found that a three-foot hole had opened in the dam and was flooding the area between his residence and Route 140. Less than ten minutes later the dam had failed, releasing 92 million gallons of water towards town. The failure of the Bergeron Dam resulted in one fatality, two injuries, and damage to several homes.

The rush of water from the dam break undermined a section of Route 140, causing a tractor-trailer to sink into a hole in the road. Larry Sinclair, owner of the tractor trailer, was rescued by a neighbor, but his wife Lynda, 48, who was traveling behind him in a pickup truck, was killed when flood waters swept the truck into a ravine.

About a quarter-mile of road was damaged. The flooding also caused power outages in Gilmanton, Belmont, and Alton. Code Enforcement Officer Richard Canuel initially suggested, "There are a great many possible causes or combination of causes -- from something as simple as a leak in a dam pipe, to the natural effects of ice damming." Subsequent investigations by the state-appointed civil engineering firm GEI Consultants indicated the failure was caused by a combination of design and construction deficiencies. The design did not adequately account for the cold weather conditions, and mistakes in construction greatly exacerbated the errors.

References

Buildings and structures in Belknap County, New Hampshire
Dams in New Hampshire
Dam failures in the United States
United States privately owned dams
Alton, New Hampshire


Junying Yu (born 1975) is a Chinese stem cell biologist. She is a researcher at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

Biography

Yu was born in 1975 in Zhejiang, China. In 1997, Yu graduated from the Department of Biology of Peking University. She then went to the United States to continue her research and obtained a PhD from the University of Pennsylvania in 2003.

In 2003, Yu joined James Thomson's lab at UW–Madison as a researcher. Yu is an important leader in developing novel method of reprogramming adult cells to create pluripotent cells which are not from embryonic stem cells. In Nov 2007, a study done by Yu et al.  achieved the production of induced pluripotent stem cells by genetic reprogramming of human dermal fibroblasts (from a baby's foreskin). This groundbreaking result was published in Science.

Recognition
Yu, along with Thomson and Shinya Yamanaka, was recognized as one of the "Person of the Year" for 2007 by the Time magazine.

References

1975 births
Living people
American women biologists
Peking University alumni
University of Pennsylvania alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Biologists from Zhejiang
Chinese women biologists
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Educators from Zhejiang
American women academics
21st-century American women scientists


Peter Gilbert is a British footballer.

Peter Gilbert may also refer to:
 Pete Gilbert (born 1948), artist
 Pete Gilbert (baseball) (1867–1912), baseball player
 Peter Gilbert (Australian footballer) (born 1948), former Australian rules footballer
 Peter Gilbert (composer) (born 1975), American composer and teacher of music composition
 Peter Gilbert (filmmaker), American documentary filmmaker


Mary T. McDowell (born 1964) is an American technology executive and CEO of Mitel, a global business communications provider. Prior to that, McDowell served as CEO for Polycom from 2016 until its sale to Plantronics in 2018. While at Polycom, she led a strategic pivot to open ecosystems and bought Obihai to strengthen the company’s phone and cloud products. She serves on the boards of Autodesk and Informa plc.

At Nokia she was in charge of its mobile phone division and oversaw the introduction of Nokia Asha feature phones, Nokia Life Tools, and Nokia Money.

Before Nokia, she worked at Compaq/Hewlett Packard from 1986 to 2003, where she was at one point in charge of its server division. In 2012 she was described as one of ten "disruptive individuals" reshaping the mobile phone industry.

In 2018, she was recognized as one of the top 10 women in telecommunications. She is a graduate of the University of Illinois College of Engineering.

Personal life
McDowell's husband is Kevin Longgino, the CEO of the National Kidney Foundation.

References

American telecommunications industry businesspeople
Nokia people
1964 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Chicago
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
Hewlett-Packard people
American women chief executives


Linares (Asturian: Ḷḷinares) is a parish (administrative division) in Allande, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. The parish capital, Pola de Allande, is  away.

The parish elevation is  above sea level. It is  in size.  The population is 71.

Villages and hamlets
Arganzúa
La Ponte Ḷḷinares
Ḷḷinares

David Bomberg
The famous artist David Bomberg lived in Linares from July to October 1935, during this period he painted one of his most celebrated landscapes: "The valley of La Hermida, Picos de Europa"

References

External links
 Allande

Parishes in Allande


Brunner Island Steam Electric Station is a coal-fired, alternatively natural gas-powered electrical generation facility in York County, Pennsylvania. It occupies most of the area of the eponymous island on Susquehanna River. The power plant has three major units, which came online in 1961, 1965, and 1969, with respective generating capacities of 334 MW, 390 MW, and 759 MW (in winter conditions). In addition, three internal combustion generators (2.8 MWe each) were installed in 1967. Talen Energy will stop coal use at the plant in 2028.

Environmental impact
PPL, the owner of the plant at the time, announced in 2005 that it would begin to install scrubbers at the plant and that installation would be complete by 2009. The scrubbers, PPL says, are intended to annually remove 100,000 tons of sulfur. The facility was cited as one of several facilities in the region by a USA Today study of air quality around area schools as a potential source of significant pollutants. Fly ash from the Brunner Island facility is approved for use in construction projects, especially for "use in concrete mixes to reduce alkali silica reactivity of aggregate."

Greenhouse gas emissions
In 2021, the facility produced 2.28 megatonnes of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e) greenhouse gas emissions. This is the same climate impact as 491,312 gasoline-powered passenger vehicles driven for one year. With respect to greenhouse gas emissions, out of 89 power stations in the state, Brunner Island ranks as the 13th most polluting.

Sulphur dioxide emissions
In 2006, Brunner Island ranked 27th on the list of most-polluting major power station in the US in terms of sulphur dioxide gas emission rate: it discharged  of SO2 for each MWh of electric power produced that year (93,545 tons of SO2 per year in total). Scrubbers began operation in 2009, removing about 90-percent of sulfur dioxide emissions, and they reduce mercury emissions. They spray a mixture of crushed limestone and water onto the exhaust gas before it goes out the plant's chimney. Sulfur reacts with the limestone and water in the plant's exhaust, forming synthetic gypsum. This is collected and shipped to a drywall manufacturing company.

Waste heat
Brunner Island discharges all of its waste heat (about 1.44 times its electrical output) into its brand new cooling towers as of 2009.

Conversion to Natural Gas
As part of a 2018 out-of-court settlement with the Sierra Club, which had previously sued the plant and its current owner, Talen Energy, over air and water pollution, Brunner Island will eventually completely phase out coal. By 2023, Brunner Island will stop burning coal from May to September, which is considered peak smog season.  By 2028, the facility will have completely switched over to natural gas.

See also

 List of power stations in Pennsylvania

References

Energy infrastructure completed in 1961
Energy infrastructure completed in 1965
Energy infrastructure completed in 1969
Coal-fired power stations in Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures in York County, Pennsylvania


Executive Order 13440 is an executive order issued by United States President George W. Bush on July 20, 2007, ordering limited compliance with the Geneva Conventions in the treatment of captives held in extrajudicial detention by the Central Intelligence Agency.
The full title of the order is: Executive Order 13440 – Interpretation of the Geneva Conventions Common Article 3 as Applied to a Program of Detention and Interrogation Operated by the Central Intelligence Agency.

On January 22, 2009, President Barack Obama issued Executive Order 13493, which rescinded Executive Order 13440.

Reason
The opening statements of the order gives insight on the reason the order was created. Bush explains that Al Qaeda and Taliban are unlawful enemies that cause terror to the America and her allies, thus they are not entitled to the prisoner of war protections provided by the Third Geneva Conventions. He then again gives reasoning for this decision on July 21, 2007, the day after the order was issued, when Bush gave a radio address to explain the reasoning for this order. Bush states that ever since 9/11 the United States have taken many steps to keep the people safe. He also says that the terrorists group Al Qaeda, is becoming an evolving terrorist threat according to the "Terrorist Threat to the US Homeland" assessment, a summary made by the Director of National Intelligence. The order does not include torture, murder, sexual violence, inhumane treatment, and they also had to have their basic needs of living while in detention facilities. This only applies to detainees part of Al Qaeda, Taliban, and any one who could give information to help find leaders or important figures in the terrorist group. This order in general was created to obtain information from terrorists groups to protect the America and people.

References

Executive orders of George W. Bush


Odisha (formerly known as Orissa)  is one of the 28 states in the Republic of India. Odisha is located in the eastern part of the Indian peninsula and the Bay of Bengal lies to its East while Chhattisgarh shares its border in the west and north-west. The state also shares geographic boundaries with West Bengal in the north-east, Jharkhand in the north and Andhra Pradesh in the south. The state is spread over an area of 1,55,707 km2 and extends for 700 km from north to south and 500 kilometres from east to west. Its coastline is 450 km long. The state is divided into 30 districts which are further subdivided into 314 blocks.

Physiographically, Odisha consists of coastal plains, central plateaus, central hilly regions, flood plains, and uplands. About a third of the state has a green cover.

Mahanadi is the largest river of the state and its catchment area covers 42% of the state. There are several other significant rivers that flow through the state such as the Subarnarekha, the Brahmani, the Baitarani, and the Vansadhara.

Chilika Lake, located on the east coast of the state is one of the world's largest brackish water lagoons. Besides that there are several other lakes in the state such as Anshupa, Tampara, and Kanjia.

Geologically the state is home to some of the oldest rocks of the world. Odisha also consists of two cratons (e.g. North Odisha Craton and Western Odisha Craton), which are sedimentary formations from the Cretaceous period. They are found in many places and are home to coal deposits. The coasts are made up predominantly of deltaic sediments of Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, Subarnarekha rivers of Quaternary age.

Overview
Odisha topography consists of fertile coastal plains to the east bounded by Bay of Bengal. Mountainous highlands and plateau regions occupy the center of the state. Western and northwestern portions of the state consist of rolling uplands. The state also has some major floodplains encompassing the river systems.

The western and northern portions of the state are part of the Chota Nagpur plateau. The coasts composed of fertile alluvial plains and the valleys of the Mahanadi, Brahmani, and Baitarani rivers, which empty into the Bay of Bengal.

31.41% of Odisha has forest cover. There are many wildlife sanctuaries in Odisha. The Simlipal National Park is a national park and tiger reserve with a huge expanse of lush green forests with waterfalls and is inhabited by tigers, elephants, and other wildlife. The Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary , also a national park, has been protecting estuarine crocodiles since 1975.

Chilka Lake, a brackish water coastal lake on the Bay of Bengal, south of the mouth of the Mahanadi River, is the largest coastal lake in India. It is protected by the Chilka Lake Bird Sanctuary, which harbors over 150 migratory and resident species of birds.

The highest mountain peak in the state is Deomali (1672 m), which is situated in Koraput district in southern Odisha. It is also one of the tallest peaks of the Eastern Ghats. Deomali is part of the Chandragiri-Pottangi mountain subsystem.

Location
The state of Odisha extends from 17.31N latitude to 22.31N latitude and from 81.31E longitude to 87.29E longitude.

Physical divisions

Physiography
Odisha can be divided into five major Physiographic regions based on continuity, homogeneity and other physiographical characteristics:

Utkal Plains or the coastal plains of the east
 The central plateaus
 The central mountainous and highlands region
 The western rolling uplands, and
 The main flood plains

Odisha Coastal Plains
The Odisha Coastal Plains or Utkal Plains are the sedimentary landforms of recent origin. Geologically they belong to the Paleogene and Neogene ages (approximately 65 to 2.6 million years ago). Their western boundary is at around 250 feet eastern ghats and they have a nearly straight shoreline in east. This region stretches from the Subarnarekha basin in the north to the Rushikulya basin in the south.

A major part of this region is formed by deltas of the six major rivers i.e. the Mahanadi, the Brahmani, the Budhabalanga, the Subarnarekha, the Baitarani, and the Rushikulya. This has given rise to the names such as the "Gift of Six Rivers"  or the "Hexadeltaic region". It spans along the coast of the Bay of Bengal with the maximum width near the Mahanadi Delta (the Middle Coastal Plain). It is narrower in the Northern Coastal Plain in Baleshwar District (also called Balasore Plain) and narrowest in the Southern Coastal Plain in Ganjam District (called Ganjam Plain).

The North Coastal Plain is made up of the deltas of the Budhabalanga and the Subarnarekha, The widest and largest area is the Middle Coastal Plain which comprises the deltas of the Mahanadi, Brahmani, and Baitarani rivers. This region hosts a number of lakes and there is evidence of past 'back bays'. The South Coastal Plain consists of the lacustrine plain of Chilika Lake and the Rushikulya River delta.

Middle mountainous and highlands region
The middle mountainous and highlands region is the largest of the geographic regions and covers about three-fourths of the state. The region mostly comprises the hills and mountains of the Eastern Ghats which rise sharply in the east and slope gradually to the eroded plateaus in the west running from north-west (Mayurbhanj) to the south-west (Malkangiri). Geologically the formation is quite old. It is a part of the Indian Peninsula which was a part of the ancient landmass of Gondwanaland. The rivers of Odisha and their tributaries have cut deep and narrow valleys in this region. The Odisha highlands are also known as the Garhjat Hills. This region is well marked by a number of watersheds. A number of river valleys of varying width and flood plains dissect the Eastern Ghats in this region. The average height of this region is about 900  meters above the mean sea level. The highest peak is Deomali.

Central plateaus
The plateaus are part of the western slopes of the Eastern Ghats. They are mostly eroded plateaus with elevation varying from 305 to 610  meters. There are two broad plateaus: (i) the Panposh-Keonjhar Pallahara plateau comprises the Upper Baitarani catchment basin in the northern part of the state, and (ii) the Nabrangpur-Jeypore plateau comprises the Sabari basin in the southern part of the state.

Western rolling uplands
The western rolling uplands have heights varying from 153 metres to 305 metres. These are lower in elevation than the plateaus.

It consists of the following geographically distinct uplands.

 The Rairangpur rolling upland - This region encompasses the northern part of the Mayurbhanj district. The uplands are a part of the Subarnarekha basin,  and slopes towards the north.
 The Keonjhar rolling upland - This region is part of Kendujhar district and lies at the edge of Keonjhar Plateau. It is part of the Baitarani River basin.
The Rourkela rolling upland - This is part of Sundergarh district and lies on the Upper Brahmani basin.
The Bolangir-Bargarh-Rairkhol rolling upland - This is part of multiple districts and lies on the Upper Mahanadi and its tributaries basin.
The Aska rolling upland - This is situated in Ganjam District on the Upper Rushikulya basin.
The Rayagada rolling upland - This uplands is part of the Rayagada district and lies on the Nagavali and the Vansadhara river basins.
The Malkangiri rolling upland - Located on the southern tip of Odisha, this upland is situated on the Sabari-Machhkund basins of the Dandakaranya Region.

Major Flood Plains
These flood plains are formed due to major rivers in the highlands, uplands, and plateaus. The height varies from 75 to 153m. The nine major flood plains of Odisha are:

 Baripada flood plain
 Anandapur flood plain
 Talcher flood plain
 Bhuban flood plain
 Sonepur flood plain
 Athagarh flood plain
 Aska flood plain
 Rayagada flood plain
 Malkangiri flood plain

Geology
The geology of Odisha is complex and varied. The state is home to some of the oldest rock formations on the planet. The second oldest rocks on the planet were found in Champua, Kendujhar which are 4.2 billion years old. Odisha is part of two cratonic blocks called North Orissa Craton and the West Orissa Craton. There is a third block called the Eastern Ghats Granulite Belt. It has been considered as a ‘mobile belt’ during the middle Proterozoic Era. These formations are separated from each other by deep-seated regional fault boundaries. The fault boundaries are called the north Orissa boundary fault (running along Mahanadi Valley - also called the 'Mahanadi Rift') and the west Orissa boundary fault.

The North Orissa Craton comprises extensive banded iron formations, granite intrusives, and undeformed volcano-sedimentary assemblages belonging to the Archaean to-early Proterozoic times. They are followed by folded limestone-bearing rock formations of the Proterozoic age.

The West Orissa Craton is underlain by occurrences of granites of the Archaean age and undeformed limestone-bearing platform sediments of the Proterozoic age. Small occurrences of Archaean banded iron formations and greenstones can also be found.

The Eastern Ghats Granulite Belt is mainly composed of Khondalite formations and moderately extensive charnockites, granites, migmatites, and local pegmatites formations covering approximately 52000 km2. Occurrences of anorthosites, alkaline rocks and chromite-bearing ultramafic rocks are found close to the boundaries of the block. The name Khondalite is derived from the Khond tribe who inhabit Odisha.

The similarity of lithology, tectono thermal events, and major rift features, e.g. the Mahanadi rift, place Odisha close to Eastern Antarctica.

Later geological formations such as Gondwana basins are also found in Odisha. The Mahanadi Master Basin holds a major part of the Gondwana basins of Odisha. Gondwana sediments are exposed in sedimentary basins found in Ib River valley, Talcher, Katringia, Gaisilat, Athmallik, Chhatrapur, and Athgarh. These deposits are estimated to be ranging from early Permian to Early Cretaceous in age. Most of the coal deposits of Odisha are found in this region.

The East Coast Odisha is made up predominantly of deltaic sediments of Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, Subarnarekha rivers, besides aeolian and marine patches. The eastern coastline Odisha originated in the post-Cretaceous era and was modified appreciably during the Quaternary due to the growth of river deltas and the effects of glaciation and deglaciation. The Quaternary sediments of the east coast of Odisha are composed of laterites and unconsolidated clays, silts, sands, and gravels.

Forests

Almost one-third of Odisha is covered by forests which make up about 37.34% of the total land area of the state. These forests cover most of southern and western Odisha. The eastern plains adjacent to the coast are covered by farmlands. The forest cover of Odisha extends over an area of 58,136.869 square kilometres out of which reserve forests make up an area of , demarcated protected forests make up mi) and undemarcated protected forests make up mi). Other types of forests make up mi) while unclassed forests make up mi) of the total forest cover.
The State Government of Odisha also classifies forests based on their density. About mi) of land are classified as very dense forests with a canopy density of over 70 percent, mi) of forests are classified as moderately dense cover with a canopy density of 40 to 70 percent and mi) of land are classified as open forest with a canopy density of 10 to 40 percent.

Rivers

Most of the major rivers of Odisha flow eastwards and ultimately empty into the Bay of Bengal. However, depending on the source they can be distinguished into four groups:

 Rivers that originate outside Odisha (the Brahmani, the Subarnarekha, the Ib, and the Mahanadi).
 Rivers originating in Odisha (the Baitarani, the Budhabalanga, the Salandi, and the Rushikulya).
 Rivers which originate inside Odisha, but flow through other states (the Bahuda, the Vamsadhara River, and the Nagavali River).
 Rivers which originate inside Odisha, but are tributaries of rivers which flow through other states (the Machkund, the Sileru River, the Kolab, and the Indravati River).

The Mahanadi
The Mahanadi is the biggest river of Odisha and the sixth largest in India. Its exact origin is not known but the farthest headwater can be found on the Sihawa hills of the Bastar Plateau in Dhamtari district of Chhattisgarh.  It is about 851 km long (494 km in Odisha) and its catchment area spreads over 141,600 km2, out of which 65,580 km2 (42% of area of the state) lies in Odisha. The river carries on an average about 92,600 million m of water.
Inside Odisha boundaries, Mahanadi's Tributaries include the Ib, The Ong, and the Tel.

Tel River is one of the largest rivers of Odisha. Originating near Jharigaon in Nabarangpur district and flowing through Kalahandi, Balangir, Sonepur districts of Odisha and finally merging with Mahanadi near Sonepur. It travels 296 km and has a catchment area of 22818 km2. The river Udanti is a tributary to Tel. It originates from Chhatishgarh and flows through Kalahandi and Nuapada districts and merges with the Tel river.

Ib River originates in the hills near Pandrapet at an elevation of 762 metres (2,500 ft). It passes through the Raigarh and Jashpur districts of Chhattisgarh, Jharsuguda and Sundargarh districts of Odisha, and finally meets Mahanadi at Hirakud. It travels 251 km and has a catchment area of 12,447 km2.

Ong River flows across Odisha and joins Mahanadi 240 km upstream of Sonepur where Tel merges. The river travels 204 km before it meets Mahanadi. It drains an area of about 5,128 km2.

Besides these three rivers, the Mahanadi has tributaries in Chatishgarh, namely the Seonath, the Hasdeo, the Jonk and the Mand.
Mahanadi branches off around Naraj Bridge which is approx. 10 km from Cuttack City, creating River Kathajodi and Birupa. The Birupa merges with the Brahmani and Kathajodi splits into multiple streams.

The Brahmani
The Brahmani is the second largest river of the state. Two major rivers from the Chota Nagpur Plateau of Jharkhand, the Sankh and the South Koel merge at Veda Vyasa near Rourkela in Sundargarh district forming the Brahmani. It flows through the Eastern Ghats in Sundargarh, Deogarh, Dhenkanal, and Jajpur districts. When it enters Jajpur, it creates a distributary, the Kharasua, near Jenapur, and the Kelua near Barabati . Both distributaries re-emerge with the Brahmani while it enters Kendrapara and into the Coastal Plains. Afterwards it enters into the Bay of Bengal along with a combined mouth with the Baitarani near Dhamara, Bhadrak. The Brahmani is 799 km long (541 km in Odisha) and its catchment area spreads over 39,033 km2 in Odisha.

The Baitarani
The Baitarani originates from the Gonasika in the Guptaganga hills of the Kendujhar district. It is approximately 360 km long and its catchment area spread over 12,790 km2. It enters into the Bay of Bengal after joining the Brahmani River at the Dhamara mouth near Chandbali, Bhadrak.

The Salandi is a major tributary of Baitarani. It originates from the Meghasani Hills of the Similipal Mountain range in Mayurbhanj district. It is 144 km long with a catchment area of 1,793 km2.

The Subarnarekha
Subarnarekha is a rain-fed river that originates near Nagri village on the Chhotanagpur plateau of Jharkhand. It has the smallest river basin of the major rivers among India. It flows through major towns of Jharkhand and then enters Odisha. It is 433 km (70 km in Odisha) and has a catchment area of 19,500 km (3,200 km in Odisha) with a mean annual flow of 7,900 million. It ultimately joins the Bay of Bengal at Kirtania Port in Odisha.

The Budhabalanga
It originates from the eastern slopes of the Similipal mountain range.

 It is about 164 km  long having a total catchment area of 4,840 km2 with an annual flow of 2,177 million. Its major tributaries are the Palapala, the Sunei, the Kalo, the Sanjo, the Deo, the Gangahari, and the Katra. It flows through districts of Mayurbhanj and Balasore and ultimately drains into the Bay Of Bengal near Balaramgadi.

The Rushikulya
It originates from the Rushimala hills of the Eastern Ghats in the Kandhamal district. It is 165 km long with 8,900 km2 of catchment areas. Its tributaries are the Baghua and the Dhanei Badanadi. It has no delta at its mouth.

The Bahuda
The Bahuda river originates near village Luba from the Singharaj hills the Eastern Ghats in Gajapati district. It flows in a northeasterly direction up to 55 km. Then it changes direction to south-east and flows for 17 km inside Odisha before entering Andhra Pradesh to flow for further 18 km. Then it again turns in a northeasterly direction for 6 km in Odisha before meeting the Bay of Bengal near the village Sunapurapeta, Odisha. Its total length is 96 km with 78 km inside Odisha. It has a catchment area of 1118 km2, out of which 890 km2 lies inside Odisha.

The Vanshadhara
The Vanshadhara originates in Kalahandi district from the Durgakangar hills of the Eastern Ghats. It is 230 km long out of which 150 km flows in Odisha. It merges into the Bay of Bengal at Kalingapatnam in Andhra Pradesh. It has a catchment area of 1,400 km2 in Odisha. The main tributaries of the Vansadhara are Pedagada, Bengigedda on the right and Chuladhua Nalla, Pondaka Nalla, Harabhangi, Sananadi, and Mahendratanya situated on left.

The Nagavali
It originates from the Bijipur hills of the Eastern Ghats in Kalahandi district. It is 217  km long out of which 125  km is in Odisha and rest flows through Andhra Pradesh. It has a total catchment area of about 9,410 km2. Its main tributaries are Pitadar Nalla, Datteibannda  Nallah, Sananadi, BarhaNadi, Baldiya Nadi, Sat Nallha, Sitagura Nallha, Ghora Nalla, Sitaghera Nalla, Srikona Nadi, Bonamarha Nadi, Errigeda Nallha, and Jhanjhabati river.

The Indravati
It originates from the Eastern Ghats in Kalahandi districts. It flows in a westerly direction and enters Chhattisgarh and ultimately flows into the Godavari. It is 530 km long with a catchment area of 41,700 km2 as a tributary it flows into the Godavari river.

The Kolab
It originates from the Sinkaran hills of the Eastern Ghats in Koraput districts. Thereafter it flows through Andhra Pradesh and converges with the Godavari. It has catchment areas of 20,400 km2. The Kolab water project is situated in this river

Springs
There are a number of mountain springs and hot springs in Odisha. The Badaghagara and Sanaghagara in Keonjhar district, Saptasajya in Dhenkanal district, Chandikhole in Jajpur district, Barunei in Khorda district, Taptapani, Narayani, Nirmalajhar in Ganjam district, the Patalaganga in Kalahandi district, Nursinghanath in Bargarh district, and Harisankar of Balangir district of Odisha. A few of the major springs are as per below.

Waterfalls
Most of the rivers of Odisha traverse through mountainous terrain. So they have waterfalls either at the point of origin or over the mountainous bed. Some major waterfalls of the state are:

Lakes
 The Chilika Lake is brackish water lagoon located in the southern part of the Odisha coastal plain. It is India's largest coastal lagoon and spread across the districts of Ganjam, Khurda and Puri. Its area varies 900 km2 and 1165 km2; during the two monsoon months it is 71 km long and 32 km wide. Its salinity decreases to a minimum during the monsoon. However, in winter, due to the overflow of the tidal water through the narrow opening from the Bay of Bengal, the lake reaches its maximum height. It is a Ramsar Convention protected wetland and hosts around 33 species of migratory and local birds.
 Anshupa is a fresh water horseshoe lake located at Athagarh in Cuttack district within the alluvial plain of river Mahanadi. It is 3 km long and 1.5 km wide.
 Sara is a fresh water lake located near Puri. It is 5 km long and 3 km wide. Four distributaries of Mahanadi River system, the Bhargavi, the Kushabhadra, the Mugei and the Dhanua drain into the lake
Kanjia lake is another fresh water lake with about  of area located in Nandankanan of Khorda district near Bhubaneswar.
 Tampara is another fresh water lake located alongside the town of Chatrapur. It is 4 km long and 0.5 km wide. It is feed by the backwater of Rushikulya river in monsoon season.

Artificial water reservoirs

 Hirakud Dam: Artificial Lake in Sambalpur and Jharsuguda largest artificial lake in Asia.
 Indravati Dam: Artificial Lake in Kalahandi and Nabarangpur.
 Kolab Dam: Artificial Lake in Koraput.

References


Robert Gilchrist may refer to:
Robert Gilchrist (basketball) (born 1990), professional basketball player
Robert Gilchrist (mayor) (died 1866), mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey
Robert Gilchrist (cricketer) (1821–1905), Scottish cricketer
Robert Gilchrist Jr. (1825–1888), Attorney General of New Jersey
Robert Budd Gilchrist (1796–1856), U.S. federal judge
Robert Gilchrist (poet) (1797–1844), Tyneside poet
Robert Murray Gilchrist (1868–1917), English novelist and author
Robert S. Gilchrist (born 1964), American diplomat


Thomas Wills Antill (20 November 1830 – 11 May 1865) was an Australian cricketer who played for Victoria.

Biography
He was born at Jarvisfield, Picton, New South Wales in 1830. Antill made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1850–51 season, against Tasmania. He scored a duck in the first innings in which he batted, and 0 not out in the second.  Antill took match figures of 13–51 with the ball. Antill's cousin, Tom Wills, also played first-class cricket.

In 1861 or 1862, he moved from Geelong to Nelson, New Zealand, where he was manager of the branch of the Union Bank of Australia. In Nelson, he was active in church affairs. He died on 11 May 1865 after a brief illness, and his funeral procession was the largest that Nelson had ever witnessed thus far. He was buried at Wakapuaka Cemetery.

References

1830 births
1865 deaths
Australian cricketers
Victoria cricketers
Melbourne Cricket Club cricketers
Cricketers from New South Wales
Australian emigrants to New Zealand
Burials at Wakapuaka Cemetery
Cricketers from Nelson, New Zealand


Duncan Elphinstone Cooper (c. 1813 – 22 November 1904) was an Indian-born Australian cricketer who played for Victoria. He was born in Bengal, India and died in Paddington.

He was the son of Major General George Cooper (1777–1847) and his first wife Jane née Munn (1778–1823).

In 1841 Cooper travelled from London to Australia with George and Harry Thompson, brothers who were to become his partners as squatters and sheep farmers near Fiery Creek, Raglan. In his spare time Duncan painted landscapes of the surrounding area which were later gathered together and published as The Challicum Sketch Book. In 1849 he occupied the Warrapinjoe run, adjacent to the Thomson brothers' run, with an extent of 14,052 acres.

Cooper made a single first-class appearance for the Victorian cricket team, during the 1850–51 season, against Tasmania. This match was the first ever first-class cricket match in Australia. Cooper opened the batting, and thus faced the first ball in Australian first-class cricket. He scored four runs in the first innings, and a duck in the second.

In 1854 Cooper left Australia and returned to London. In 1875 he presented 26 volumes of the work of the Bewick brothers to the Melbourne Public Library. He lived in London, a bachelor, until his death at the age of 90.

References

External links

 Duncan Cooper at Cricket Archive

1813 births
1904 deaths
Australian pastoralists
Australian cricketers
Victoria cricketers
Melbourne Cricket Club cricketers
Australian landscape painters
19th-century Australian businesspeople
Place of birth missing


The Dr. Harry F. Moniba Foundation (HFMF) was a 501(c)(3) U.S. nonprofit public charity, described by its directors as promoting Moniba's legacies of nonviolence and public service integrity. The foundation supported programs fighting illiteracy and raising the standard of living for Liberians. As of June 2015, the organization went through reorganization and ceased to exist in that current form. The foundation reapplied as the Moniba Foundation with the Internal Revenue Service and was granted legal nonprofit status in November 2014.

References

Foundations based in the United States
Foreign charities operating in Liberia


The men's long jump event  at the 1989 IAAF World Indoor Championships was held at the Budapest Sportcsarnok in Budapest on 4 and 5 March.

Medallists

Results

Qualification
Qualification: 7.70 (Q) or at least 12 best performers (q) qualified for the final.

Final

References

Long jump
Long jump at the World Athletics Indoor Championships


Lucky to Be a Woman ( and also known as What a Woman!) is a 1956 Italian comedy film directed by Alessandro Blasetti and starring Sophia Loren, Charles Boyer and Marcello Mastroianni.

Plot
A photographer named Corrado (Mastroianni) snaps a picture of Antonietta (Loren). When it shows up on the front page of a magazine, she wants to take him to court over it. He then tries to convince her that he can connect her up with powerful men and introduces her to Count Gregorio Sennetti (Boyer), who can make her a movie star, but things do not turn out well when the count's wife shows up.

Cast
 Sophia Loren as Antonietta Fallari
 Charles Boyer as Count Gregorio Sennetti
 Marcello Mastroianni as Corrado Betti
 Elisa Cegani as Elena Sennetti
 Titina De Filippo as Antonietta's mother
 Nino Besozzi as Paolo Magnano
 Memmo Carotenuto as Gustavo Ippoliti
 Giustino Durano as Federico Frotta

References

External links

1956 films
1956 comedy films
Italian comedy films
Italian black-and-white films
Films set in Rome
Films directed by Alessandro Blasetti
Films shot in Rome
Films with screenplays by Suso Cecchi d'Amico
Films scored by Alessandro Cicognini
1950s Italian films


Robert Gillespie (born 1933) is a French-born British actor.

Robert, Bob or Bobby Gillespie may also refer to:

Robert Gillespie (preacher), 17th-century Scottish Presbyterian preacher
Robert Rollo Gillespie (1766–1814), officer of the Irish Dragoons
Robert Addison Gillespie (1815–1846), Texas Ranger; Gillespie County, Texas named for him
Robert Gillespie (Scottish footballer) (1901–1960), Queen's Park FC and Scotland player
Robert Pollock Gillespie (1903–1977), Scottish mathematician
Robert G. Gillespie (1903–1983), Mississippi Supreme Court Justice
Robert Gillespie (footballer, born 1904) (1904–1971), English soccer player
Bob Gillespie (1919–2001), American baseball player
Bobby Gillespie (born 1962), Scottish musician
Robert Gillespie (American football) (born 1979), American NFL player


The AgCam is a ruggedized camera system developed for use on Agricultural equipment to assist in viewing on large machinery. The system is manufactured by Dakota Micro, Inc., a North Dakota Corporation, United States.

The University of North Dakota has developed a camera for use on the International Space Stations that was named the AgCam, but has since changed the name of their camera to ISSAC in the light of copyright issues.

The AgCam is sold to a network of equipment dealerships. AgCam is sold by OEM Companies, including: AGCO Corporation, Trimble, Pickett Equipment, Morris Industries Ltd., Double L Inc. and TOPCON,

References

Cameras
Agricultural machinery


The Teslin Plateau is a sub-plateau, of the Yukon Plateau physiographic section, in northern British Columbia, Canada, located north of the Nakina River between Atlin Lake and Teslin Lake.

See also
Atlin Volcanic Field
Nisutlin Plateau

References

Plateaus of British Columbia
Atlin District


The Braque Dupuy, also known as the Dupuy Pointer, was a breed of pointer from the Poitou region of France. It is believed to be extinct.

The Braque Dupuy was more closely related to the English Pointer than it was to the other French braque breeds; its foundation stock was extensively outcrossed to the English Pointer and some believe there were minor introductions of Greyhound and Sloughi bloodlines, giving the breed additional pace. Other stories abound about the breed's genesis; one that it was created from by a breeder named Dupuy from Braques Français from the kennels of the Marquis of Rochelambert, another that it was an ancient breed saved from extinction during the French Revolution by a gamekeeper named Dupuy in the Abbey of Argensois, another that it was created in the 19th century by two gamekeeper brothers named Dupuy who crossed a Braque Français dam with a Sloughi sire named Zidar, another that it was created by a huntsman named Dupuy who crossed his wonderful dam Leda with a sire of unknown ancestry named Mylord, and finally one in which the breed was created by crossing an exceptional Poitou Pointer with an imported Greyhound.

The Braque Dupuy had a long slender head and generally racy appearance, reminiscent of a sighthound; it was the tallest of the French braque breeds, standing , was predominantly white with dark brown markings and had an undocked tail. It was not well-known outside France, was always rare within France and is generally believed to be extinct today, although there are claims to the contrary.

During an episode of the Television Program Rick Steves Europe that had originally aired in October, 2014; Rick Steves had made note of an Estate Keeper of a Castle in the Loire Valley who possesses as Hunting Dogs, approximately 70 Mongrel Dogs who are a crossbreed between an English Foxhound and a Braque Dupuy

See also
 Dogs portal
 List of dog breeds
 List of extinct dog breeds

References

Extinct dog breeds
Gundogs
Pointers
Dog breeds originating in France


Constance of France ( – ) was a French princess of the House of Capet, the only daughter of Louis VI of France and his wife Adélaide de Maurienne. Amongst her siblings was Louis VII, who succeeded their father in 1137.

Life
In 1140, Constance married Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne, son of Stephen, King of England. The couple were married for thirteen years until Eustace's death, they had no children.

The following year, Constance was married to Raymond V, Count of Toulouse. The marriage was arranged by her brother, who was in need of allies against Henry II of England, particularly after the latter bolstered his presence in France by marrying Louis's former wife, Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine.

The marriage was an unhappy one, a factor that can explain the tense relationship between Raymond and Louis. After a decade of marriage, Raymond broke from Louis and moved towards a partnership with Frederick Barbarossa. Constance wrote to Louis, complaining that she was isolated in Toulouse; the courtiers ignored her and her servants did not obey her orders. In addition, Constance was displeased by her husband taking mistresses. In 1165, Constance fled from Toulouse and returned to Paris.

In 1166, with the support of Antipope Paschal III and Frederick, Raymond repudiated Constance. Having lost the favour of Louis, Raymond was forced to perform homage to Henry for Toulouse at Limoges in 1173.

Issue
Raymond and Constance had five children together, they were:
 Raymond VI, who succeeded his father
Aubri, died 1180
 Azalais of Toulouse
 , born 1165, executed on the orders of Raymond VI in 1214

References

Sources
Bom, M. M., Constance of France. Womanhood and Agency in Twelfth-Century Europe (Palgrave MacMillan, 2022)
Cheyette, F. L., Ermengard of Narbonne and the World of the Troubadours (Cornell University Press, 2001)
Costen, M. D., The Cathars and the Albigensian Crusade (Manchester University Press, 1997)
James, G. P. R., A History of the Life of Richard Cœur-de-Lion, King of England, Volume 1 (Saunders and Otley, 1841)
Reddy, W. M., The Making of Romantic Love: Longing and Sexuality in Europe, South Asia, and Japan, 900-1200 CE (University of Chicago Press, 2012)
Seward, D., Eleanor of Aquitaine: The Mother Queen of the Middle Ages (Pegasus Books, 2014)
Taylor, C., Heresy in Medieval France: Dualism in Aquitaine and the Agenais, 1000-1249 (Boydell & Brewer, 2005)

1120s births
1176 deaths
12th-century French people
12th-century French women
French princesses
Constance
Countesses of Toulouse
Countesses of Boulogne
Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne
Daughters of kings


James Gilmour may refer to:

Jim Gilmour (boxer), British Olympic boxer
James Gilmour (Miramichi lumber baron) (1782–1858), entrepreneur
James Gilmour (missionary) (1843–1891), Scottish Protestant Christian missionary in China and Mongolia
James Gilmour (politician) (1842–1908), politician in Ontario Canada
Jim Gilmour (1881–1918), rugby league footballer of the 1910s for New Zealand and Wellington
Jim Gilmour (RNZN officer), Commander Joint Forces New Zealand
Jimmy Gilmour (born 1961), Scottish footballer

See also
James Gilmore (disambiguation)


Aleksei Turovski (born 4 August 1946 in Moscow) is an Estonian zoologist and ethologist, specialising in parasitology and zoosemiotics.  In 1973, he graduated from Tartu University with a degree in zoology; since 1972 he's been working in the Tallinn Zoo.  In 1976–2001, Turovski worked in the Estonian Marine Institute.

Turovski has been recognised as the Guardian of Estonian Life Science () in 2007 for his work in popularising cultures of animals.

References

External links
 Turovski's lectures in Radio Night University

Living people
1946 births
Estonian zoologists
Estonian parasitologists
University of Tartu alumni
Estonian semioticians
Russian Jews
Estonian Jews
Estonian people of Russian descent
Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 5th Class


Spencer Williams may refer to:

Spencer Williams (1889–1965), American jazz musician
Spencer Williams Jr. (1893–1969), African American actor and filmmaker
Spencer Mortimer Williams (1922–2008), United States federal judge


The Hants and Sussex Aviation Herald was a British ultra-light single seat aircraft of the 1940s.

Design and development
The Herald was designed and built by Hants and Sussex Aviation Ltd at their factory at Portsmouth Airport two miles north of the city. The design designation H.S.1 was allocated to the aircraft. It was a single-seat ultra-light aircraft and was fitted with a fixed tricycle undercarriage. It was powered by one 40 h.p. Aeronca-JAP J-99 engine.

Operational history
The Herald was allocated the registration marks G-ALYA in February 1950. During testing at Portsmouth Airport in 1953, the aircraft's performance proved to be poor and it made a few hops before being retired. It remained at the airport until late 1955 when it was dismantled and scrapped.

Specifications

References
Notes

Bibliography

1950s British civil utility aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1953


The USS Hartford and USS New Orleans collision was a collision between the United States Navy   and the United States Navy   on 20 March 2009. It occurred in the Strait of Hormuz, between Iran, the United Arab Emirates, and Musandam, an exclave of Oman. Both ships incurred millions of dollars' worth of damage in the collision which required repair in drydock.

A U.S. Navy investigation into the collision found that Hartford was solely to blame for the accident. According to the Navy, the accident was caused by poor, lax leadership on the submarine and a failure to adequately prepare for and conduct the crossing of the Hormuz Strait by the crew. As a result, the captain and several other officers and sailors were removed or disciplined.

Collision
The collision occurred about 1:00 am local time (5:00 pm EST, 19 March 2009) as Hartford and New Orleans transited the Strait of Hormuz. The collision inflicted minor injuries on 15 sailors on Hartford and ruptured a fuel tank on New Orleans, spilling  of diesel fuel. Both vessels continued on under their own power. Hartford was submerged and at periscope depth at the time of the collision. The vessel was southbound en route to Jebel Ali, while New Orleans was westbound to enter the Persian Gulf as part of the  Amphibious Ready Group.

Hartford is believed to have rolled about 85° during the collision and sustained extensive damage to its sail, periscope and port bow plane, totalling over $100 million. There was no damage to the nuclear reactor. An inspection of New Orleans in Manama, Bahrain by Navy divers found a  hole in the ship's hull, a ruptured fuel tank, and interior damage to two ballast tanks.

Aftermath
The Navy announced 14 April 2009 that Hartfords skipper, Commander Ryan Brookhart, was relieved of duty by Rear Admiral Michael J. Connor because of a loss of confidence in Brookhart's ability to command. The Chief of the Boat, Master Chief Electronics Technician Stefan Prevot, was also relieved. Brookhart was replaced by Commander Chris Harkins, deputy commander of Submarine Squadron Eight. In addition, the navigator, executive officer, weapons officer and 10 other sailors were subjected to non-judicial punishment. Furthermore, administrative action was taken against three direct support element members assigned to Naval Information Operations Command in Georgia plus a fleet intelligence specialist based near Washington, D.C.

On 19 April, Hartford began a surface transit back to the U.S. for further repair, arriving two months later. After reaching home port, the U.S. Navy made three repair contracts with General Dynamics Electric Boat for a total of $102.6 million. The repairs included the installation of a hull patch and a bridge access trunk, along with a portside retractable bow plane and sail. The final cost was $120 million when Hartford returned to duty in February, 2011.

New Orleans was repaired in Bahrain for $2.3 million and returned to duty.

Investigation findings
On 28 October 2009 Vice Admiral John J. Donnelly, Commander, Naval Submarine Force, explained that the primary cause of the collision was complacency and poor management on the part of Hartfords crew. According to Donnelly, "There was a great deal of complacency involved in the crew. They had been at sea for 63 days operating in areas with high contact density. There were a whole host of watchstanders that failed to recognize the sensor data that was presented to them."

The Judge Advocate General of the Navy investigation into the collision stated that the collision was solely the fault of Hartford. The report found numerous safety, operational, personnel, and command problems in the submarine. The problems included the captain's failure to communicate a plan for crossing the strait, poor contact management, a lax command attitude, and a failure to correct watchstanders who were known to sleep on duty. At the time of the collision, the navigator was listening to an iPod in the wardroom. Furthermore, the captain was never present in the control room at any time during the crossing of the strait.

References

External links

Hartford
Hartford
Hartford
Strait of Hormuz


Clann na nGael is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the southern end of County Roscommon, Ireland. The area comprises the two half parishes of Drum and Clonown, the parish being St Peter and Paul, Athlone. The club is the most successful in Roscommon in terms of titles won, with 21 Roscommon Senior Football titles, with the most recent in 2018.

History
The Clann na nGael club was formed in 1936 when the clubs of Drum and Clonown amalgamated. Clann na nGael (also known as Clann) won their first ever county title, the Junior Championship, in 1940, and were promoted to Senior status. However, after an unsuccessful period at senior level, the club reverted to Junior in 1945. The club battled on and in 1954 won a second Junior Championship. That win was significant as it regained senior status, a ranking that Clann has not relinquished since.

Three Minor Championships were won in succession (1957–1959) and those young players, along with survivors from the 1954 side, went on to form the senior team that was to make history. In 1960, Clann na nGael commenced a run of success that brought seven County Senior League Titles in succession as well as five O'Rourke Cups. In addition, the Roscommon Senior Football Championship was captured for the first time.

Clann made their first-ever appearance in a Roscommon Senior Football Championship final in 1961 and made it a double day by beating Elphin.

A second county senior title was brought home in 1966 following another final win at the expense of Elphin. Clann lost to Castlerea in the 1967 championship but bounced back again in 1970 to claim title number three.

The senior county final of 1971 was again lost to Castlerea and then followed a few transitional years for the club.

The first juvenile title was won in 1969 at Under-13. This was followed by an Under-14 title in 1970 and Minor titles in 1973 and 1974. Again, those wins were of major importance as the teenagers of those years went on to play major roles in the future of the club.

Clann na nGael reached the senior county final of 1976 and upset the odds by beating a much fancied Roscommon Gaels side, who were county and Connaught Champions at the time, and runners-up the previous year for the All-Ireland club crown.

Since then Clann have gone from strength to strength.County senior titles were won in 1976, 1977, 1979, 1981 and 1982.

The first Connacht Senior Club Football Championship was won in 1982 and defeat followed in the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship Final against Portlaoise, at Cloughjordan in County Tipperary. Clann were defeated early in the 1983 county championship, but the following year bounced back. Eight county senior titles were won in succession (1984–1991).

Clann na nGael also won six Connacht club titles in succession in that era (1984–1989) and appeared in four successive All-Ireland finals (1987–1990). During this period, Clann also captured the All-Ireland 7-A-Side crown in 1989.

Underage successes in the late seventies and early eighties contributed to the senior success story. The county Under-16 crown was won for the first time in 1978 and retained it the following year. An Under-14 title in 1980, a minor in 1983 and Clann's first Under-21 in the same year were also achieved.

During the 1990s, Clann na nGael won further senior county titles in 1993, 1995 and 1996. At Under-21 level, following on from three county titles in the 1980s, the club secured two further titles in the following decade (1990, 1997). The decade just passed also saw championship honours at Minor (1995), Under-16B (1991), and Under-14 (1991, 1998, 1999), as well as Under-14B Hurling (1991).

Clann na nGael fields teams in every grade of football and are also leading the way in ladies' football. County senior champions in 1974, 1995, 1996 and 1997, the ladies were not to be out done by their male counterparts, and won the Connaucht Club Championship in 1995. Clann ladies also won the Junior County Championship in 1993, the Minor in 1995 and 1996, and the Under-16 in 1975, 1991 and 1993.

Johnstown pitch, the home of Clann na nGael, was developed and opened in 1971. In the early 1990s the grounds and clubhouse were re-structured and new dressing rooms, a function hall, training pitch and parking area were added and was officially opened by Jack Boothman, President of the GAA, on 27 August 1994.

Honours
 Roscommon Senior Football Championship (21): 1961, 1966, 1970, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2015, 2018
 Connacht Senior Club Football Championship (7): 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989
 Roscommon Under-21 Football Championship (2): 2014, 2015
 Roscommon Under-20 Football Championship (1): 2016

Notable players
 Tony McManus
 Donal Shine

Notable managers
 Liam Kearns

References

External links
Official Clann na nGael GAA Club website

Gaelic games clubs in County Roscommon
Gaelic football clubs in County Roscommon


Bernardo Javier Chila Ayovi (born July 14, 1984) is an Ecuadorian footballer who plays for Morris Elite in the USL League Two.

Club career
Chila began his professional career with El Nacional. He only appeared in two games for Nacional before being loaned out to Macará and Azogues during the early part of his career.

In 2007, he was sold by Nacional, joining Olmedo, where he played 26 games in his first season at the club. Only a season passed when he was sold to Universidad Católica where he went on to score his first goal in Serie A.

In 2009, he became one of the new reinforcements of Deportivo Cuenca to reinforce their defense for their Copa Libertadores 2009 campaign. After a short stint with Deportivo Cuenca, he returned to El Nacional in 2010, where he would spend the next few seasons as a regular starter for the club. On 4 March 2011, Chila scored a brace, including one on a free kick, in a 2-0 victory over Emelec. On 30 November 2011, Chila scored the winning goal in a 1-0 victory over Deportivo Quito at the Estadio Olímpico Atahualpa.

During January 2013, Chila signed with Deportivo Quito. He remained at the club for one year. On 9 December 2013 he signed for Olmedo, re-joining the club as a key signing for the 2014 season.

For the 2015 season Chila joined newly promoted Ecuadorian Serie B club Fuerza Amarilla and helped them gain promotion to the top flight for the first time in the clubs history. In 2016 helped the club to an 8th place finish in its debut season in the top flight and qualification to the Copa Sudamericana 2017.

In 2019, he was recruited by Ferdinando De Matthaeis to play for Miami United of the National Premier Soccer League, moving abroad for the first time in his career. On 11 February 2021 Chila signed with Morris Elite to play for the club in the 2021 USL League Two season.

References

External links

 Profile at soccerstats247.com

1984 births
Living people
People from Muisne
Ecuadorian men's footballers
Ecuadorian Serie A players
C.D. El Nacional footballers
C.S.D. Macará footballers
Deportivo Azogues footballers
C.D. Olmedo footballers
C.D. Universidad Católica del Ecuador footballers
C.D. Cuenca footballers
Men's association football defenders
Ecuadorian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Ecuadorian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Morris Elite SC players


John Gleeson may refer to:
John Gleeson (cricketer) (1938–2016), Australian cricketer
John Gleeson (hurler) (born 1941), former Irish hurler
John Gleeson (judge) (born 1953), American judge
John Gleeson (rugby league) (1938–2021), Australian rugby league footballer
Johnny Tom Gleeson (1853–1924), Irish poet and songwriter