In re DoubleClick Inc. Privacy Litigation, 154 F. Supp. 2d 497 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) ("DoubleClick"), had Internet users initiate proceedings against DoubleClick, alleging that DoubleClick's placement of web cookies on  computer hard drives of Internet users who accessed DoubleClick-affiliated web sites constituted violations of three federal laws: The Stored Communications Act, the Wiretap Statute and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.

The court held that DoubleClick was not liable under any of the three federal laws because it fell within the consent exceptions under the Stored Communications Act and the Wiretap Statute. DoubleClick was not excluded from the consent exception of the Wiretap Statute because it did not intercept the communications for criminal or tortious purposes. DoubleClick was also not liable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act because the plaintiffs had failed to meet the statutory threshold of $5,000 in losses. The court established that damages under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act may only be aggregated for the unauthorized access of each cookie.

Facts
DoubleClick engaged in behavioral targeting and placed a cookie on each user's computer hard drive when the user accessed DoubleClick-affiliated web sites. DoubleClick was then able to track the users' web surfing activities and build user profiles for the purposes of delivering targeted advertisements. DoubleClick's server identifies the user's profile by the cookie identification number and presents the user with advertisements tailored to the user's interest. The plaintiffs claimed that DoubleClick's obtaining of user information stored in the web cookies constituted unauthorized access and interception of their electronic communications with the web sites they were accessing.

Stored Communications Act Claim
The Stored Communications Act, , proscribes the intentional unauthorized access of electronic communication while it is in electronic storage. The consent exception within the Stored Communications Act excludes the interception of communications between users and web sites by DoubleClick.

The court in assessing DoubleClick's relationship with its affiliated web sites held that the web sites had engaged DoubleClick for the precise purpose of delivering targeted advertisements. DoubleClick is only able to provide tailored advertising to specific users by gathering user information and tracking users’ online activities based on the web sites' agreement to actively notify DoubleClick when users accessed the site, namely, through the use of cookies. Thus, the web sites had effectively consented to DoubleClick's interception of users' communications with the web sites. This is despite web sites' failure to understand the technology used by DoubleClick in the provision of targeted advertising.

The court held that the long term residence of DoubleClick's cookies on users hard drives excludes the cookies from the definition of "electronic storage" which connotes temporary and transitory storage. Cookies’ identification numbers, which are sent from users' computers, also do not fall within the confines of "electronic storage" and the Stored Communications Act. DoubleClick could not be held liable for accessing the cookies or cookie identification numbers.

The court in DoubleClick further held that even if cookies' identification numbers were assumed to be "electronic communication[s] . . . in electronic storage," DoubleClick's access is still authorized because the Stored Communications Act exempts conduct which is authorized by a user of the service with respect to a communication of or intended for that user. The cookies' identification numbers are internal to DoubleClick communications and are both "of" and "intended for" DoubleClick.

"DoubleClick creates the cookies, assigns them identification numbers, and places them on plaintiffs' hard drives. The cookies and their identification numbers are vital to DoubleClick and meaningless to anyone else. In contrast, virtually all plaintiffs are unaware that the cookies exist, that these cookies have identification numbers, that DoubleClick accesses these identification numbers and that these numbers are critical to DoubleClick's operations."

Wiretap Statute Claim
	The Wiretap Statute, , restrains the intention or endeavour to intercept any electronic communication or the procurement of any other person to do so.

The court applied its analysis under the Stored Communications Act to determine DoubleClick’s liability under the Wiretap Statute, relying on the similar attributes of both statutes. Based on the presumption that DoubleClick falls within the ambit of the Wiretap Statute, the court proceeded to determine whether DoubleClick was excluded from liability by virtue of the consent exception under the Wiretap Statute. The court held that DoubleClick was exempt from liability for intercepting the communications under the Wiretap Statute because the web sites, being one of the parties to the electronic communication with the users, had given DoubleClick prior consent to the interception. The court held that the consent exception remains valid as the communication was not intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act.

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act Claim
The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, , prohibits the intentional access of a protected computer to obtain information without authorization which causes at least $5,000 damage or loss resulting from a single unauthorized access.  proscribes the intentional and unauthorized causing of damage to a protected computer resulting from knowingly causing the transmission of a program, information, code, or command.

The plaintiffs sought damages for the loss caused accruing from the unauthorized access of their computers and the misappropriation of information by DoubleClick. DoubleClick did not dispute that plaintiffs' computers were protected under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act or that its access was unauthorized. The court stated that damages and losses under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act may only be aggregated across victims and over time for a single act.  Since each access of a cookie on users' computers constitutes a single and separate act of unauthorized access, damages and losses may only be aggregated for each cookie and cannot be aggregated across multiple computers. The court dismissed the plaintiffs' claim under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act on the grounds that the damage caused by each cookie did not meet the statutory threshold of $5,000.

Plaintiffs' alleged emotional distress due to DoubleClick’s invasion of their privacy, trespass to their personal property, and misappropriation of confidential data was not actionable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act which only authorized the recovery of economic losses. The court denied the plaintiffs' claim that the alleged damage to the value of their individual demographic information, arising from DoubleClick's collection of user information, constitutes compensable economic loss. The court noted that while demographic information was valuable, its collection did not represent economic loss.

DoubleClick Settlement
DoubleClick eventually entered into a settlement agreement with the plaintiffs. Under the settlement's terms, DoubleClick was required to explain its privacy policy in "easy-to-read" language; conduct a public information campaign consisting of 300 million banner ads inviting consumers to learn more about protecting their privacy; and institute data purging and opt-in procedures among other requirements.

References

External links
 Seth Richard Lesser, "Internet Privacy Litigation And The Current Normative Rules of Internet Privacy Protection".
 EPIC's Objection to DoubleClick Settlement.
 EFF, Key Privacy Cases.

United States Internet case law
2001 in United States case law
United States privacy case law
United States District Court for the Southern District of New York cases


NH 150 may refer to:

 National Highway 150 (India)
 New Hampshire Route 150, United States


Freddy Eytan, (born January 1947) is an Israeli diplomat, former ambassador, writer and journalist.

Early life

Family
Freddy Eytan's family originated in Livorno, Italy, from the early 19th century. His father, Ouzy, was an active Zionist. In November 1942, at the beginning of the invasion of Tunisia by the German army, Ouzy was arrested by the Gestapo. After four months he escaped from a camp localized in the military port of Bizerte. After Liberation, he contributed to Mossad Aliyah Bet, which brought Jews to Israel.
In 1956 he established, with friends, a Moshav near Megiddo called Nir Yaffe. Ouzy was the Moshav Secretary for many years and an activist in North Region for Rafi Movement (a political party affiliated with Ben Gurion). This is the Moshav where Freddy Eytan lived during his childhood.

Army
Eytan served from 1965 to 1972 in the Israeli army. After three years in the Northern Headquarters Command he became a press officer and operated under Chief of Staff Major General David Elazar. Eytan participated in battles during the Six-Day War in the Golan Heights and Northern West Bank. In 1982, he became a military correspondent and covered the first Lebanon war when the Israeli army invaded Beirut.

Career

Journalist
Eytan began his career as a Galei Tshahal correspondent. He worked as the Israeli Radio and Television correspondent in Paris between 1976 and 1981. In August 1980, Freddy Eytan wrote an article in the Jerusalem Post entitled "Delayed Reaction," in which he argued that it has taken Israel five years to understand the dangerous situation that the French nuclear agreement with Iraq caused. Eytan described the nuclear reactor that Iraq was developing. Israel, according to Eytan, must act to show France the dangers of their policy. This article was written a year before Operation Opera, the attack by Israel that destroyed the Iraqi nuclear reactor in Baghdad. Between 1981 and 1989 he served as chief editor of Kol Israel Foreign News desk, covering notably the Lebanon war. He then started to work as a press officer for the Israeli Foreign Affairs Ministry in Brusells and Jerusalem. Eytan created the APEJ in Brussels which was the first bulletin Jewish press in Europe and in French. JTA was its world agency, based in NY and in English, but APEJ took their news by arrangement. Eytan also created and developed also the first Jewish radio in Europe in 1981.

Two noteworthy interviews that Eytan did were with Prime Minister Menachem Begin (before he was Prime Minister) and Moshe Dayan. In Eytan's interview with Begin, in L'aurore Begin pronounced that the U.S. administration would not favor the creation of a Palestinian state. This was during the Carter administration. Eytan interviewed Moshe Dayan the week before he died for the French newspaper Le Journal du Dimanche. The Israeli paper, Kol Hayir, called the interview a historical document. It was the last interview Dayan did before his death. The interview was designed to discuss Dayan's reaction to the assassination of Anwar Sadat, but the two also spoke about the army, politics, life and death and Dayan's own personal reflections on his life. This exclusive interview was published in Yediot Aharonot.

Diplomat
Eytan was professor at Bar-Ilan and the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He also has been a distinguish career diplomat at the embassies in Brussels and Paris and also senior advisor to the foreign minister and spokesman for the Israeli side during peace negotiation with the Palestinians in 1996–1998.;

Between 1972 and 1976, Eytan was a diplomat in the Israeli Embassy in Paris. In 1989 Eytan became the press officer at the Israeli Embassy in Brussels and continued until 1992. In 1998 he became the first Israeli Ambassador to Mauritania with a mandate to represent Israel in all North Africa. He initially was Israel's representative in the country and when full diplomatic ties were finalized, he became its first ambassador to Mauritania. During his time in Mauritania, Eytan was instrumental in many projects aimed at strengthening diplomatic measures between the two countries. Furthermore, he strived to bring Israeli humanitarian missions to aid the people of Mauritania. One such project brought Israeli eye doctors to the country to provide care for people who otherwise would have no access to such care. Due to the lack of access to surgery, many people suffer from blindness that is caused by untreated cataracts. Israeli doctors were brought in to perform surgery on these people and prevent many conditions. According to the doctors who participated in the missions, Eytan was the "moving spirit" behind the project. After Eytan ended his term in Mauritania, Israel struggled to find a successor. However, the two countries maintained their diplomatic connections despite objections from other Arab countries.

Advocate

Since 2005, he is in charge of European Affairs at the CAPE de Jérusalem-Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs and runs its French website, Le CAPE de Jérusalem . The CAPE features political commentary and analyses on Israeli foreign affairs, the Middle East, and French foreign policy concerning Israel and the Middle East. It uses historical facts in order to present Israel's case to the French-speaking world. According to Eytan, it is important to utilize Jewish and Israeli values to explain the root of the Arab-Israeli conflict and the historical background. The information provided on the site provides a background for understanding the Israeli side and the existential problems with which it is dealing.

Author
Eytan has written many books, mostly in French, about the Arab–Israeli conflict, France–Israel relations, biographies of Ariel Sharon, Shimon Peres and Benyamin Netanyahu, Nicolas Sarkozy , and Benjamin Netanyahu. In addition, he has written numerous political analyses on the Middle East and has spoken at a vast number of forums and conferences. He has focused on the subject of defensible borders for Israel in order to create a lasting peace. His articles and interviews have been featured in The Jerusalem Post, Le Monde, Diplomatie, Israel Magazine, L'Express, Tribune Juive, the Métropolitain, the Toronto Star, the Gazette, Le Temps, and the National Post. Among the television stations that have interviewed him include TF1, BFM, TV5, i24news, France 3, France 24, and RFI.

Analysis of French–Israeli relations
Eytan's analysis of French–Israeli relations and French involvement in the Middle East are based on a historical perspective. He argues that in order to understand the current situation of French policies in relation to this region, one must look back several decades to the Dreyfuss Affair, end of colonialism, Vichy France and their relations with Iran. In his article "French History and Current Attitudes," he concludes:

"Europe's colonial history is the source of its frequent obsessions with trying to solve Middle Eastern problems. That history is also behind Europe's double standards and double play. I believe that one of the Americans' great advantages in the negotiations is that their history is not burdened with the major anti-Semitism that has manifested itself for such a long time in Europe."

Books
Bibi, le réveil du faucon- Editions Alphée – 24 février 2011. .
Sarkozy, Le monde juif et Israël – Editions Alphée Jean-Paul Bertrand- September 2009 – Paris.
La Shoah- Editions Alphée Jean-Paul Bertrand-Paris-2010.
Les mass medias en Israël- Paris- 1972.
La presse française pendant la guerre de Kippour- Paris- 1974.
David et Marianne- Alain Moreau- Paris- 1986 -.;
Le conflit Israélo-arabe de Balfour 1989– Jerusalem – Akademon
La Poudrière- Cid- Bruxelles- 1990. ISBN D/1990/5786/1
Shimon Pérès au carrefour du destin -Editions du Rocher- Paris- 1986– .
Keren Or – Yedioth Aharonot- Tel- Aviv- 2004– .
La France Israël et les Arabes -Le double jeu?- Jean Picollec- Paris- 2005 – .
Les secrets d’un diplomate- avec Avi Pazner – Editions du Rocher- Paris- 2005 – .
Sharon, le bras de fer- Jean Picollec-Paris- 2006– .
L’autre visage d’Israël- Editions du Rocher- Paris- 2006-.
Sharon, a life in times of Turmoil- Studio 9- New York- 2006– . (Originally in French, translated into English and Portuguese)
Les 18 qui ont fait Israël – Alphée- Paris- 2007– .
V.G, Taupe-secret à Jérusalem- Alphée- Paris- 2008– .
Sharon O Braço de Ferro – Barcarolla – São Paulo – 2008–
Israel: Des frontières défendables pour la paix et la sécurité. Written with Dore Gold, Yaacov Amidror and Meir Rosenne. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs – Jerusalem.
Les revendications légitimes de l'Etat d'Israël pour une paix juste et viable – JCPA – Jerusalem 2011 –
Les Echecs de la communauté internationale au Moyen-Orient (1916-2016) - JCPA-CAPE de Jérusalem - Jerusalem - 2016 -
Cinquante ans d’activités diplomatiques pour aboutir à la paix – JCPA – Jerusalem 2017

Reviews

"...a remarkable piece of investigative journalism. Excellent portrait of Sharon. Well document and simply buzzing with revealing facts and pertinent details."
– Robert Yves Quiriconi, Associated Press (on Sharon: A Life in Times of Turmoil).

"Explosive book."
– Journal du Dimanche on David et Marianne

"... is wonderfully done and full of resource material... A Job well done."
– Pierre Salinger, ABC News on David and Marianne

- A favorite book of the Radio France stations."
-Web Radio du Livre on Sharon, le bras de fer

"Feddy Eytan asks the real questions, the book renews the passion from the beginning to the end."
-Présent quotidien de Paris

"It clearly analyzes the subject based on much research and gives a complete picture of Israeli-French relations."
-Pierre Lurcat, France Israel Information 346, November 2009 (on Sarkozy, Le monde juif et Israël).

Eytan's books have been praised in Le Canard enchaine, Le journal du Dimanche, L'Express, the Jerusalem Post, L'Arche, Le Monde, L'Est Republican, Tribune Juive, Information Juive, Haaretz, the Canadian Jews News, the Jewish Press, Yediot Ahronot,

References

External links
French JCPA site
JCPA main site
Interview on Canal Academie
 Institut Français de Presse
 Centre d'Accueil de la Presse Etrangère CAPE
  Dossier Israel in Diplomate Magazine

1947 births
Living people
Israeli writers
Tel Aviv University alumni
Ambassadors of Israel to Mauritania


Don Bosco High School (DBHS) is a private Catholic basic education institution located at Poblacion South, Lagawe, Ifugao, Philippines. This school caters to all students from Lagawe and the nearby towns and provinces. DBHS was established in 1949 by Fr. Gerard de Boeck.

History

The founder, Fr. Gerard de Boeck, CICM, arrived in Lagawe in 1946. He established the school as a Missionary institution.

In 1946, there was only one elementary school in the municipality, thus, the pupils had to come down to Lagawe when they were in Grades Five and Six. In 1947, Fr. De Boeck put up dormitories for the learners. Later in 1949, one half of the High School building was already constructed. Immediately, the school began its operation with 49 students. Fr. Gerard de Boeck and Fr. Hubert DuPont were named as the School Head and Principal, respectively. Bishop William Brasseur named the institution Don Bosco High School.

The next year, the second half of the building was constructed. The population gradually rose to 91 in 1950, and to 268 in the next three years. Of the 49 pioneer students, only 29 graduated in 1953, with Fr. Lambert Smiths as principal.

In 1953, ICM Sisters came to Lagawe and started working in partnership with the CICM priests. Mother Marie Eleuthere became the first nun principal of the school. For 20 years, thereafter, the principal's post was held by the ICM sisters.

Other structures were also built including the Boys' Dormitory, and an annex of the Girls' Dormitory. An auditorium was also constructed with five 1st year rooms below it.

The bishop approved the idea of opening a college in Lagawe. Then, as expected, in 1968, DBHS opened its doors as Saint Louis College.

In 1977, however, the local college was closed and the name of the school was Saint Louis High School. With more than enough facilities and enough rooms for all year levels, construction has stopped some time since. The founder was transferred to Virac, Itogon, in 1969.

In the early 1970s, under the initiative and encouragement of Sister Modesta Suico, teachers and students visited the barrios at weekends to evangelize and to explain political issues. One such barrio visit was in Abinuan, one of the most remote barrios in Lagawe, led by the sister principal. When they came home on September 3, 1972, the group learned that the country was placed under martial law.

When there was an issue of charter change and a constitutional convention, the students and teachers went to the barrios to explain the pros and cons of the matter.

The 1990 Luzon earthquake prompted Fr. Lino Fagyan, the acting parish priest and School Head, to initiate the putting up of a makeshift building, intended to house the classes from the main building which was unsafe due to major cracks on its walls. The parents and students had worked on it voluntarily, and cash gifts had been received from donors. Meanwhile, the third and fourth year sections had to borrow rooms from the nearby elementary school for almost 2 months. Finally, the DBHS main building was renovated and judged safe for occupancy.

Present day

Today the makeshift building has become a multipurpose building which houses some of other departments like the kindergarten, a first year room and a third year room.

A library is also contained in the main building which won an award for being active and productive. It also produces its own newspaper, at first called the "Valley Echo". This started in 1983. Its first editor was Ms. Carol Pumihic. Later it was named "Kataguan" until 1991, when the staff, under the advice of Mr. Gregorio Kimayong, changed it to "Free Voice". "Free Voice" staff have joined in press conferences where a number of them got awards. The paper itself has gained two awards, one during the regional press conference in Tabuk, Kalinga, and the other in the 1990 Regional Secondary Schools Press Conference (R.S.S.P.C.) The promotion of the Solid Waste Management program on school year 2008-2009 by student officers made the school famous. This program invited other schools to learn about this program. After the school's re-certification in school year 2008-2009, the school was said to be high standard (academically). This result made the principal abolish some traditional occasions of the school which disappointed all of the students. This caused a silent commotion among the students!! The loyalty of all the students to the principal decreased even if the school achieved many promotions. Even if the students wanted to revolt, they couldn't because of such great risks such as expulsion. with the new principal, some school activities which students like most were abolished.

Sources and external links
Don Bosco High School, Lagawe: website

Schools in Ifugao
Catholic secondary schools in the Philippines
Salesian secondary schools
Lagawe


Treason Keep is a fantasy novel written by Australian author Jennifer Fallon. It is the second in The Demon Child trilogy; the other two are Medalon and Harshini.

Summary
On the brink of death, R'shiel is taken to the Harshini haven of Sanctuary, where crucial decisions are being made.

References

External links
Jennifer Fallon's official website

Australian fantasy novels
Novels by Jennifer Fallon
HarperCollins books
2001 Australian novels


Aleksandr Mikhailovich Samokutyaev (; born 13 March 1970 in Penza, Russian SFSR, USSR) is a Russian politician and former cosmonaut. Samokutyaev served as a Flight Engineer for the International Space Station (ISS) long duration Expedition 27/28 missions. He also  served as the Soyuz TMA-21 commander. He most recently served on the Soyuz TMA-14M Expedition 41/42 crew aboard the ISS. He was hired as a cosmonaut in the summer of 2003.

Since 2020, he has represented the Lermontovsky constituency in the State Duma.

Education
In 1987–1988 Aleksandr studied at Penza Polytechnical Institute. Then he went to Chernigov and graduated from Chernigov Higher Military Pilot School after Lenin's Komsomol (HMPS) in 1992. Samokutyayev graduated from the Gagarin Air Force Academy as a pilot-engineer in 2000.

Experience
Samokutyayev has flown as pilot, senior pilot and deputy commander of air squadron, logging 680 hours of flight time and performed 250 parachute jumps. He is a qualified diver.

Upon graduation from the Gagarin Air Force Academy since 2000 he served at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center as the planning division head.

Cosmonaut career
On 29 May 2003 he was enlisted in the cosmonaut detachment to pass a course of general space training. prior to the enlistment, on 20 January 2003 he successfully received a positive medical confirmation by the Chief Medical Board. Samokutyayev qualified as a test-cosmonaut on 5 July 2005.

In July 2008 Samokutyayev was assigned to the backup crew for Expedition 25 to the ISS. Since then he joined the ISS advanced training as a backup commander and, from 2009, as a flight engineer. During the launch of Soyuz TMA-18 on 2 April 2010 he served as a backup commander of the Soyuz spacecraft.

Expedition 27/28

In October 2008 Samokutyayev was assigned to the prime crew of the 27th long duration expedition to the space station. On 7 October 2009 his assignment was confirmed by NASA press release No. 09-233.

Samokutyayev flew into space for the first time as a Flight Engineer for the ISS long duration Expedition 27/28 missions. The Soyuz TMA-21 spacecraft carrying Samokutyayev, cosmonaut Andrei Borisenko and NASA astronaut Ron Garan launched on schedule from the Baikonur Cosmodrome's Gagarin's Start launch pad, at 23:18:20 UTC on 4 April 2011. Samokutyayev served as Commander of Soyuz TMA-21. The launch of Soyuz TMA-21 was devoted to the 50th anniversary of the first space mission by Yuri Gagarin. Samokutyayev carried a small stuffed dog given to him by his daughter. Hanging in front of the crew, live NASA TV launch footage showed that the dog begun to float as the spacecraft soared skywards, an indication of the weightlessness of space.

After two days of solo flight, the Soyuz TMA-21 spacecraft docked with the International Space Station (ISS) on 6 April at 23:09 UTC.

Samokutyayev concluded his 164-day stay aboard the Space Station, when his spaceship, Soyuz TMA-21 undocked from the Russian segment's Poisk module at 00:38 UTC on 16 September. On the same day, the Soyuz TMA-21 capsule carrying Samokutyayev, Borisenko and Ron Garan touched down (3:59:39 UTC) at 93 miles southeast of the city of Zhezkazgan in Kazakhstan.

Expedition 41/42
Samokutyayev returned to space aboard Soyuz TMA-14M, as part of the Expedition 41/42 long-duration International Space Station crew. The mission launched on 25 September 2014 and docked with the ISS just under six hours after lift-off on 26 September. He remained aboard the ISS until March 2015, when Soyuz TMA-14M returned to Earth as scheduled.

Spacewalks

Russian EVA #28
On 3 August 2011 Samokutyayev participated in his first spacewalk. He and cosmonaut Sergey Volkov worked for six hours and 23 minutes performing a variety of tasks for both science and maintenance outside the Russian segment of the ISS. Outside the Zvezda Service Module, Samokutyayev and Volkov installed laser communications equipment. They also, photographed an antenna with signs of degraded performance. After ground controllers took time to work on an antenna problem, the two cosmonauts also deployed a small satellite named Radioskaf-V which was originally planned for deployment at the beginning of the spacewalk. The satellite contained an amateur radio transmitter and a student experiment. The primary task of the spacewalk the relocation of the Strela 1 boom from the Pirs module to the Poisk module, had to be called off due to time constraints. The cosmonauts removed an antenna that helped guide the Poisk  module to a docking in November 2009 and was returned to the ISS at the end of the spacewalk. They also successfully installed the materials science experiment – BIORISK on a handrail outside the Pirs module. BIORISK experiment studies the effect of microbes on spacecraft structures and whether solar activity affects microbial growth. Finally, Samokutyayev and Volkov took more photographs holding photos of the first cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, spacecraft designer Sergei Korolyov and Soviet astronautic theory pioneer Konstantin Tsiolkovsky with Earth in the background before entering the Pirs module, closing the hatch and completing the Russian EVA #28.

Russian EVA #40
Samokutyaev and cosmonaut Maksim Surayev performed a spacewalk outside the space station on 22 October 2014. Although planned as a six-hour spacewalk, the cosmonauts were able to complete all the scheduled tasks in 3 hours and 38 minutes. During the extravehicular activity, Samokutyaev and Surayev dismantled the RK 21-8 Radiometria science payload and the 2ASF1-1 and 2ASF1-2 KURS antennas from the Poisk module. The RK-21-8 science payload was installed aboard the Space Station during the Russian EVA-28 in early 2011 and consisted of an antenna system with calibrator, a Microwave Radiometer receiver system and a Command-Information Unit. It was used for a series of seismic forecast and earthquake studies. The RK-21-8 payload was jettisoned by Surayev 33 minutes into the EVA on a safe departure trajectory from the Space Station. Samokutyaev jettisoned the antennas – the first being jettisoned at 15:43 UTC followed five minutes later by the second antenna. Samokutyaev and Surayev also released a protective cover from the EXPOSE-R payload developed by the European Space Agency to conduct astrobiology studies by exposing samples and experiments to the space environment. When the cosmonauts finished operations at the Poisk module, they photographed the surface of the orbital station for specialists to assess its condition later. Russian EVA-40 was the 184th spacewalk in support of the Space Station assembly.

In April 2017 Roscosmos decided to release Alexander Samokutyaev from his post on medical indicators.

Personal
Samokutyayev is married to Oksana Nikolaevna Samokutyaeva. They have one daughter named Anastasiya Alexandrovna Samokutyaeva.

Sanctions
Sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War.

Awards
Samokutyayev has received various Russian Armed Force medals.

References

External links

Spacefacts biography of Aleksandr Samokutyayev
on Astronaut.ru

1970 births
Living people
Russian cosmonauts
People from Penza
Crew members of the International Space Station
Heroes of the Russian Federation
Spacewalkers
Russian individuals subject to United Kingdom sanctions
Seventh convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
Eighth convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
United Russia politicians


Basil Kirchin (8 August 1927 – 18 June 2005) was an English drummer and composer.  His career spanned from playing drums in his father's big band at the age of 13, through scoring films, to electronic music featuring tape manipulation of the sounds of birds, animals, insects and autistic children".

Early life
Basil Kirchin was born Basil Philip Kirchinsky, son of Lilian Kay Kirchin (Walters) and the bandleader Ivor Kirchin (Isaac Kirchinsky) in Blackpool, Lancashire England.  He debuted at age 13, playing drums with his father's Big Band orchestra at the Paramount, Tottenham Court Road in London. This was all in the 1940s during World War II, and during the Blitz he would play for eight hours every day and make his bed in the Warren Street Underground station while bombs exploded above him during the Blitz. After the war he left his father's band to play with the bands of Harry Roy, Teddy Foster, Jack Nathan and Ted Heath, but he returned to work with his father again in 1951. The Kirchin Band's early recordings for Parlophone were produced by George Martin. The Kirchin Band travelled with their own PA, which meant Basil was able to record the band's live performances live off the soundboard.  By 1957, the rise of Skiffle and Rock and Roll had brought an end to the Big Band era and Kirchin decided it was time to move on "because you're a prisoner of rhythm. And I was fed up playing other people's music".

Evolution
Kirchin traveled to India in search of spiritual fulfillment around 1957 and spent five months in the Ramakrishna Temple close to the Ganges river, years before it was popular for musicians to do so, and he set out to learn about the world and see if his unique perspective and curiosity for life and the world were "more than just the ramblings of a pot-head".   He then moved to Sydney in October 1959 with his wife Theresa but as his possessions were being unloaded from the ship a strap broke and everything, including his recordings of the Kirchin band, was lost beneath the sea.  This loss would trouble him for the rest of his life.

In 1961, Kirchin returned to Britain. His father Ivor had secured a residency at the newly opened Mecca Locarno club in Hull, and Basil spent his time between London and Hull. In Hull he befriended local musician Keith Herd and began working on experimental pieces, "soundtracks for unmade films". In London he lived with songwriters Jimmy Jaques and Pat Ryan, and contributed heavily to the Johnny Keating album 'The Keating Sound'. He also produced material for the De Wolfe library using the talents of young session musicians such as Big Jim Sullivan, Jimmy Page and Tubby Hayes. In 1967, the Arts Council awarded him a grant to purchase a Nagra tape recorder.  This he used to collect ambient sounds, animal noises at London Zoo and the voices of autistic children. The controversial recording of autistic children came about because of his wife who worked as a teacher at a special ed school in a little valley in Switzerland in the city of Shermat. This school was inhabited only by autistic children and their teachers and caregivers. He noticed from days when he picked his wife up from work that the children would communicate through musical phrases "I was fascinated by the sounds they make when they tried to communicate" "the melodies that they sing, no normal, with the greatest respect, human mind, could think of such intervals as they pitch and sing and the flood it comes out with and its emotional." Kirchin experimented with slowing down the recordings to reveal "Little boulders of sound". "It's gonna sound quite ridiculous but theres a certain corner in Zurich that when it rains and the rains come around this corner if you have the ability to do so you can slow it down to 834ths of a second its a whole symphony orchestra"   "Take birdsong: all those harmonics you can't hear are brought down – sounds that human ears have never heard before". This he explained was the Worlds Within Worlds, and was a part of his quantum concept of time which he believed "there are several universes going on at the same time," "So, like a fly's world is completely different to our world, it moves at a completely different speed. And therefore if you speed up or slow down sound you can find a way into these parallel universes." Through his imaginary film scores he was able to find work composing for horror and scifi films which helped to finance his experimentations with sounds were partly financed by composing film music for Catch Us If You Can (1965), The Shuttered Room (1967), The Strange Affair (1968), I Start Counting (1969) and The Abominable Dr. Phibes (1971). The use of his music in films exposed him to audiences and his clipped up and distorted sounds did very well at complementing the disturbing visual images within the horror and scifi genres.

His experimental pieces were released on two albums both called World Within Worlds.  The first was issued in 1971: Worlds Within Worlds, EMI Columbia (SCX6463) and included Part I – Integration 2; Part II – The Human Element. The second was not issued until 1974:  Worlds Within Worlds Island Records (HELP 18) Part III – Emergence; Part IV – Evolution. Personnel included free improvising musicians such as Evan Parker, Derek Bailey and Kenny Wheeler. Liner notes for the second release included laudatory comments from Brian Eno.  Neither record sold more than a handful of copies, and it was not until much later that their pioneering techniques were recognised.  Meanwhile, Kirchin became frustrated with the record companies meddling with his material, and went into seclusion. He continued to produce work in Hull, working with his friend Keith Herd and Hull-based musicians Dane Morrell, Danny Wood, Bernie Dolman and Roy Neave at Fairview Studios in Willerby, Hull.

Kirchin continued to compose throughout his life, and thirty years after their initial releases his music became acknowledged by a new generation with the release of material by Trunk Records.  Kirchin said "I wanted to try and leave something for young people who are starting in music and looking for something as I've been looking all my life".

He spent the later years of his life living back in Hull in a modest terraced house with his beloved Swiss wife, Esther (née Muller) – his early fame and eventful life not known in the ex-fishing community of Hessle Road where he lived until his death in June 2005. Esther died in July 2007. Many musicians have since acknowledged the influence Kirchin had had on their own works.  From Brian Eno and Nurse With Wound to Broadcast  – "We need role models like Basil Kirchin to go forward, and, as we can see parallels in his music and ours, hearing this confirms that we're doing the right thing".

In early 2017, Hull-based production company Nova Studios Ltd worked with the Hull City of Culture 2017 team and Serious music, to produce the documentary Mind On The Run telling Kirchin's life story. There was also a weekend-long festival of Kirchin inspired music featuring The BBC Concert Orchestra led by Will Gregory, The Hidden Orchestra, Evan Parker, Alan Barnes, Bob Stanley, Sean O'Hagan, Tim Gane, Matthew Bourne and contributions from Jonny Trunk of Trunk Records, Jerry Dammers, Richard Williams and Matt Stephenson of Nova Studios.

Works influenced
Kirchin's music influenced many musicians after him including Brian Eno and David Byrne. Brian Eno states "Basil realised long before the rest of us did that sound could become a malleable material," "He was like a painter. That idea of music as painting was something that became very important to me." "When we [Eno and David Byrne] made My Life in the Bush of Ghosts, with the idea of using found voices as the centre of the piece rather than having them as an ornament, I’m sure the boldness and confidence I had for that partly came from Basil.”  Sean O'Hagan says Basil Kirchin's music "felt very real, very odd and slightly dangerous," "It brought me to very odd areas - noisy experimental, totally unmusical forays but also very lyrical songs and some absolutely beautiful film music" And Bob Stanley remembers listening to a track called Mind on the Run and described it as "terrific," "possibly something from The Avengers, like a chase scene or something, there's that really frenetic drumming and organ work. It's a great piece of music."

Discography

Solo
 1968 – States of Mind
 1970 – Charcoal Sketches
 1971 – Worlds Within Worlds: Part 1 – Integration/Part 2 – The Human Element
 1973 – Worlds Within Worlds: Part 3 – Emergence/Part 4 – Evolution
 2003 – Quantum: Part 1 – Once Upon a Time/Part 2 – Special Relativity (recorded circa 1970)
 2005 – Abstractions of the Industrial North (a collection of library music for De Wolfe Music)
 2007 – Particles
 2018 – Deja Vu: Basil Kirchin at Fairview 1965 - 2005

In Film
The whole Ivor and Basil Kirchin Band performed 'Jungle Fire Dance' for a 1957, 2' 34" British Pathé short film. The film's identification number is 209.23.

2017 - The documentary Mind On The Run: The Basil Kirchin Story features the above Pathe footage and tells the story of Kirchin's life and work.

Big Band
(see main article under Ivor Kirchin)

1964 - Johnny Keating and 27 Men - The Keating Sound (Kirchin credited as co-composer on the tracks Listen, Baghdad Blues, Brave New World and Paris)

Soundtracks
 1957 – Six-Five Special – season 1 episode 35 (TV series)
 1958 – Six-Five Special – season 1 episode 78 (TV series)
 1965 – Primitive London
 1965 – The Dave Clark Five: Catch Us If You Can (called "Having A Wild Weekend" in the US) (uncredited)
 1967 – The Shuttered Room
 1968 – Assignment K
 1968 – Negatives
 1968 – The Strange Affair
 1969 – I Start Counting
 1969 – Journey to the Unknown – "The Madison Equation" (TV series)
 1971 – The Abominable Dr. Phibes
 1971 – Freelance
 1974 – The Mutations
 2023 -  M3GAN (song "Silicon Chip", recorded in 1979 and released posthumously in 2017)

Library music
Kirchin released a number of Library Music albums with De Wolfe Music.
1966 - The Wild One
1966 - Abstractions of the Industrial North
1966 - Mind on the Run
1966 - Town Beat
1967 - Don't Lose Your Cool
1967 - The New Breed

References

External links

  Pritti Mistry, "Basil Kirchin: The forgotten genius of UK music", BBC News, 15 February 2017
Basil Kirchin Profile
A Brief History of Basil Kirchin
Basil Kirchin: A Brief Memoir
Who's who of British Jazz, by John Chilton; ,
The Rough Guide to Jazz, by Ian Carr, Digby Fairweather, Brian Priestley, Charles Alexander; ,

1927 births
2005 deaths
British jazz bandleaders
Ambient musicians
English electronic musicians
English experimental musicians
English film score composers
English male film score composers
English jazz drummers
British male drummers
Island Records artists
Musicians from Blackpool
British male jazz musicians
20th-century British male musicians


In computability theory, a semicomputable function is a partial function  that can be approximated either from above or from below by a computable function.

More precisely a partial function  is upper semicomputable, meaning it can be approximated from above, if there exists a computable function , where  is the desired parameter for  and  is the level of approximation, such that:

Completely analogous a partial function  is lower semicomputable if and only if  is upper semicomputable or equivalently if there exists a  computable function  such that:

If a partial function is both upper and lower semicomputable it is called computable.

See also
 Computability theory

References

 Ming Li and Paul Vitányi, An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications, pp 37–38, Springer, 1997.

Mathematical logic


Oscar Veniah Dayton (July 1, 1827 – October 30, 1898) was a commercial agent and broker, and an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Early life
Dayton was born at Catskill, New York, the son of John Harvey Dayton and Charlotte Tompkins.

Civil War
Dayton enlisted in the 62nd New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, the Anderson Zouaves, at New York, NY on April 22, 1861, and was commissioned major on July 3, 1861.

He served under John Lafayette Riker. Following Riker's death at the Battle of Fair Oaks on May 31, 1862, David John Nevin was promoted to colonel and Dayton was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel on the field.

He was wounded at Malvern Hill on July 1, 1862.  Dayton was discharged from the regiment on 21 November 1862, and transferred to the Veterans Reserve Corps, where he was, first, lieutenant colonel of the 1st VRC, then colonel and commander of the 19th VRC. He was brevetted brigadier general, US Volunteers, on March 13, 1865, for "faithful and meritorious services".

Later life
Dayton died in London, England, and is buried there, at Brompton Cemetery.

References

External links

1827 births
1898 deaths
People from the Catskills
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
Union Army generals
Burials at Brompton Cemetery
19th-century American people


George Spero may refer to:

 George Spero (politician) (1894–1960), British politician
 George Spero (footballer) (born 1941), Australian footballer


The Southern Cross Stakes, registered as the Frederick Clissold Stakes, is an Australian Turf Club Group 3 Thoroughbred horse race for horses aged three years old and upwards, over a distance of 1200 metres, held at Randwick Racecourse, Sydney, Australia in February. Total prize money for the race is A$200,000.

History
The registered race name is named after Frederick William Clissold, former director and founding member of Canterbury Park Racing Club, who died in 1947 (Find a Grave), one year after the inaugural running of the race bearing his name.

Name
 1940–1992 -  Frederick Clissold Handicap
 1993 -  Anniversary Cup
 1994 -  Frederick Clissold Handicap
 1995 -  Frederick Clissold Quality
 1996–1998 -  Frederick Clissold Handicap
 1999–2002 -  Frederick Clissold Stakes
 2003 -  Premier Express Freight Stakes
 2004–2008 -  Frederick Clissold Stakes
 2009 onwards -  Southern Cross Stakes

Grade
 1940–1979 - Principal race
 1980–1988 - Listed race
 1989 onwards –  Group 3 race

Distance
 1940–1972 - 6 furlongs (~1200m)
 1975 onwards - 1200 metres

Venue
 1989–1990 - Canterbury Park Racecourse
 1991–1994 - Rosehill Gardens Racecourse
 1995 - Canterbury Park Racecourse
 1996–2005 - Rosehill Gardens Racecourse
 2006–2011 - Randwick Racecourse
 2012 -  Rosehill Gardens Racecourse
 2013 - Warwick Farm Racecourse
 2014 onwards - Randwick Racecourse

1945 racebook

Winners

 2023 - Quantico
 2022 - Lost And Running
 2021 - Masked Crusader
 2020 - Special Reward
 2019 - Eckstein
 2018 - Kaepernick
 2017 - Le Romain
 2016 - Big Money
 2015 - Heart Testa
 2014 - Terravista
 2013 - Skytrain
 2012 - No Evidence Needed
 2011 - Sister Madly
 2010 - Kenny's World
 2009 - Marchinski
 2008 - Hoystar
 2007 - The Free Stater
 2006 - Collate
 2005 - Cool Front
 2004 - Britt’s Best
 2003 - Gordo
 2002 - Lord Essex
 2001 - Ab Initio
 2000 - Pimpala Prince
 1999 - Ab Initio
 1998 - Confiscate
 1997 - Secret Savings
 1996 - Danewin
 1995 - Alert Me
 1994 - Deposition
 1993 - Big Dreams
 1992 - Friend’s Venture
 1991 - Joanne
 1990 - Comrade
 1989 - Diamond Benny
 1988 - Wong
 1987 - Swift Cheval
 1986 - Avon Angel
 1985 - Pete’s Gold
 1984 - Gelsomino
 1983 - Bronze Spirit
 1982 - Ubetido
 1981 - Goreham
 1980 - Brandy Slipper
 1979 - Scomeld
 1978 - Always Welcome
 1977 - Tiger Town
 1976 - Hartshill
 1975 - Let’s Fly
 1974 - race not held
 1973 - race not held
 1972 - Gunsynd
 1971 - Bogan Rea
 1970 - Biarritz Star
 1969 - Roman Consul
 1968 - Illusionist
 1967 - Red Clinker
 1966 - Aldor
 1965 - Florida Keys
 1964 - Here I Come
 1963 - State Martial
 1962 - Grammar Lad
 1961 - Tipperary Star
 1960 - Dark Night
 1959 - Winchester
 1958 - Jester
 1957 - Juggler
 1956 - Evening Peal
 1955 - My Hali
 1954 - Regoli
 1953 - Nagpuni
 1952 - Osborne
 1951 - Aerofoil
 1950 - San Domenico
 1949 - Cognac
 1948 - Persian Prince
 1947 - Lackaboy
 1946 - Petulance
 1945 - Gay King
 1944 - race not held
 1943 - race not held
 1942 - race not held
 1941 - Amiable
 1940 - Gold Rod

See also
 List of Australian Group races
Group races

External links
First three placegetters Southern Cross Stakes (ATC)

References

Horse races in Australia


Roby  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzebiatów, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north of Trzebiatów,  north of Gryfice, and  north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 251.

References

Roby


The first season of Stargate Universe consists of 20 episodes. Brad Wright and Robert C. Cooper wrote the three-parter series opener named "Air", which was originally planned to be a two-parter. The first two parts of "Air" premiered on Syfy on October 2, 2009, with regularly weekly airing beginning on October 9, 2009. "Fire" was originally going to be the title for episode four, but the story and script was too big to be able to fit into one episode, so the producers changed it to become a two-parter called "Darkness" and "Light", therefore pushing all future episodes forward one slot. "Justice" was the mid-season finale. The back half of the first season aired on Friday April 2, 2010 on Space and Syfy.

British channel Sky1 acquired the exclusive UK rights to Stargate Universe and began airing the series from October 6, 2009. The series then aired on Space in Canada. In Australia Stargate Universe commenced airing on free-to-air-TV on Network TEN from 20:30 on Monday 14 December 2009, broadcasting the first two episodes: "Air (Part 1)" and "Air (Part 2)" as a movie-length premiere. However, Network TEN dropped the series after just three weeks. All available episodes were however fast-tracked from the US and broadcast on the Sci Fi Channel on Foxtel screening in Australia only 'days' after the US.

Main cast
 Starring Robert Carlyle as Dr. Nicholas Rush
 Louis Ferreira as Colonel Everett Young
 Brian J. Smith as First Lieutenant Matthew Scott
 Elyse Levesque as Chloe Armstrong
 David Blue as Eli Wallace
 Alaina Huffman as First Lieutenant Tamara Johansen
 With Jamil Walker Smith as Master Sergeant Ronald Greer
 And Ming-Na as Camile Wray

Episodes

Reception
The series premier was watched by 2.346 million viewers. By the end of the season the show had maintained 65% of its audience, with the finale drawing 1.469 million viewers, which was higher than the premier of Breaking Bad.

Media releases

See also
 List of Stargate Universe episodes

References

General references

External links

 Season 1  on GateWorld
 Season 1 on IMDb

2010 American television seasons
2009 American television seasons
Universe 01
2009 Canadian television seasons
2010 Canadian television seasons


Harshini is a fantasy novel written by Australian author Jennifer Fallon. It is the third in The Demon Child trilogy.

References

External links
Jennifer Fallon's official site

Australian fantasy novels
Novels by Jennifer Fallon
HarperCollins books
2001 Australian novels


Jason Goh Koon-Jong (born 18 December 1989) is a Singapore chess International Master. He won the national Singaporean Chess Championship in 2004. Represented Singapore three times in Chess Olympiads (2004, 2006, 2008). His most recent FIDE rating is 2408 in April 2015.

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Singaporean sportspeople of Chinese descent
Singaporean chess players
Chess Olympiad competitors
Singapore Management University alumni
SEA Games bronze medalists for Singapore
SEA Games medalists in chess
Competitors at the 2005 SEA Games
21st-century Singaporean people


Alphonse-Télesphore Lépine (15 May 1855 – 19 August 1943) was a Canadian journalist, printer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Montreal East in the House of Commons of Canada from 1888 to 1896 as an Independent Conservative member. His name also appears as Alphonse-Télesphore Legris dit Lépine in some sources.

He was born in Quebec City, Canada East, the son of Charles Lépine and Eleonore Lessard. In 1883, he married Alexandrine Scott. Lépine was sub-editor for the Quotidien de Levis. He owned a printing business in Montreal. He was first elected to the House of Commons in an 1888 by-election held after the death of Charles-Joseph Coursol. He was a member of the Knights of Labour and secretary of the Montreal Trades and Labour Council. Lépine was an unsuccessful candidate in the federal riding of St. Mary in 1896.

A park in Montreal was named in his honour.

References

The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1891 AJ Gemmill
Marc-André Gagnon, "'J'entends parler de leurs intérêts les plus chers': Alphonse-Télesphore Lépine et l'engagement électoral des Chevaliers du travail à Montréal (1888-1896)," Labour/Le Travail 78 (automne 2016), 11–38.http://www.lltjournal.ca/index.php/llt/article/view/5836

1855 births
1943 deaths
Trade unionists from Quebec
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Journalists from Quebec
Canadian printers
Politicians from Quebec City
Knights of Labor people


Retrospect is the second video album by American rock band Sevendust, featuring behind-the-scenes footage, music videos, and live performances.

Track listing
Retrospect – History of Sevendust
Retrospect – The first album Sevendust
Retrospect – The second album Home
Retrospect – Woodstock 1999
Retrospect – Lynn Strait / "Angel's Son"
Retrospect – Preview of Animosity
Live and Loud – "Too Close to Hate"
Live and Loud – "Bitch"
"Denial" (music video)
"Waffle" (music video)
"Licking Cream" (music video)
"Angel's Son"
"Angel's Son" – The Tonight Show with Jay Leno
"Waffle" – Late Night with Conan O'Brien
"Angel's Son" – Worcester Centrum (2000)
"Black" – The Palladium (1998)
"Rumblefish" – Woodstock (1999)
Electronic Press Kit (1997)

Personnel
 Lajon Witherspoon – vocals
 Clint Lowery – lead guitar, backing vocals
 John Connolly – rhythm guitar
 Vinnie Hornsby – bass guitar
 Morgan Rose – drums, backing vocals

Sevendust albums
2001 compilation albums
2001 live albums
2001 video albums
Live video albums
Music video compilation albums
TVT Records video albums


Tuz () or TUZ may refer to:

Tuz, Montenegro, a town
Tuz Khurmatu, a town in Iraq
Tuz resmi, a tax on salt in the Ottoman Empire
Tuz SC, an Iraqi sports club
Lake Tuz, hypersaline lake in Turkey
The mascot of the 2009 linux.conf.au conference; see

See also

Tuzkol (disambiguation)
Tuzla (disambiguation)


Bestumkilen is a bay in Lysakerfjorden in the inner Oslofjord area of Norway.

Located west of the Bygdøy peninsula and east of Vækerø, it is bordered by the islet Killingen in the southwest and the mouth of the river Hoffselva at Sjølyst in the northeast. It was formerly known, together with Frognerkilen, under the name Ladegaardsfjordene. This stems from older times, when Bygdøy was an island, named Ladegaardsøen. Bygdøy later became a peninsula due to post-glacial rebound, separating Bestumkilen from Frognerkilen. Propositions to reconnect Bestumkilen and Frognerkilen through a canal were made in 1928 and 1937, but not carried out.

The rowing club Bestumkilen RK and the canoeing club Oslo KK are based in Bestumkilen. There is also a harbor for leisure boats.

References

Oslofjord


Jejunostomy is the surgical creation of an opening (stoma) through the skin at the front of the abdomen and the wall of the jejunum (part of the small intestine). It can be performed either endoscopically, or with open surgery.

A jejunostomy may be formed following bowel resection in cases where there is a need to bypass the distal small bowel and/or colon due to a bowel leak or perforation. Depending on the length of jejunum resected or bypassed the patient may have resultant short bowel syndrome and require parenteral nutrition.

A jejunostomy is different from a jejunal feeding tube. A jejunal feeding tube is an alternative to a gastrostomy feeding tube and is commonly used when gastric enteral feeding is contraindicated or carries significant risks.  The advantage over a gastrostomy is its low risk of aspiration due to its distal placement. Disadvantages include small bowel obstruction, ischemia, and requirement for continuous feeding.

Techniques

The Witzel jejunostomy is the most common method of jejunostomy creation.  It is an open technique where the jejunosotomy is sited 30 cm distal to the Ligament of Treitz on the antimesenteric border, with the catheter tunneled in a seromuscular groove

References

Enteral feeding
Digestive system surgery


DelSolar (), commonly abbreviated 旺能)) (3599, TW) is solar company from Delta group (台達電子/台達集團), engaging in the research, design, manufacture and distribution of solar cells, solar modules, as well as the development of Photovoltaic system. The company’s headquarters is in Hsinchu, Science-based industrial Park, Phrase II, Taiwan.

History
Founded in 2004 by the alliance between the parent company, Delta Electronics, the world's largest provider of switching power supplies and brushless fans, and the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), a non-profit research institute located in Taiwan under the supervision of the Republic of China Ministry of Economic Affairs. DelSolar has started its initial solar cell production in 2005 and launched the first solar module series in 2009.
The company is listed on Taiwan’s Emerging Board in 2007.

The name DelSolar is a merger of “Delta” and “solar”, the name of the parent company and DelSolar’s main focused industry.

Product history
DelSolar has started its initial solar cell production in 2005 with the capacity of 25 megawatts and launched the first solar module series in 2009 with up to 230W power output.  The company had 11 production lines with total capacity of 436 megawatts by the end of 2010. DelSolar is executing its capacity expansion plans given the robust trend in demand. On 4 June 2010, DelSolar announced its ceremony for Jhunan plant, which is expected to be completed and begin its mass production in Q2, 2011. The estimated solar cell production capacity could reach 3 GW. The second manufacturing plant, which is planned as a module plant, is expected to be completed at the end of 2012. The module capacities of DelSolar are 45 and 70 megawatts in the Hsinchu and Wujiang plants, respectively. Wujiang plant is expected to reach the total solar module capacity at 1 GW in year 2013.

Market performance
In 2009, the total shipment of DelSolar is 90.8 MW. According to the company’s 2009 financial report, total revenues was US$135 M. Approximately 60% of sales have in Europe. DelSolar has started their module business in US and is optimistic about US market as the company will leverage their market resources in US.

PV system installation

World games stadium, Kaohsiung, Taiwan: 1MW
8,844 solar panels were installed. The project is completed in October, 2008. In the first 9 months, the photovoltaic system has generated 110 million MWh of electricity as the annual amount of electricity agreed in the contract.  It is expected to generate 1.14 GWh of electricity per year, with the ability to sell surplus energy during the non-game period. The solar panels reduce annual carbon dioxide output by 660 tons.

River of Life Christian Church, California, US: 120kW
Approximately 510 230W high power DelSolar solar modules have been mounted on ROLCC’s roof top. The 117 KW system will generate 180,800 KWh of clean power annually, more than 4.5 GWh over 25 years. The church will prevent approximately 5 million pounds of greenhouse gas emissions over 25 years.

DelSolar (Wujing) plant, Wujing, China: 115 kW
The photovoltaic system contains 110 kWp of DelSolar’s standard modules and 4 kWp light-through BIPV modules, which has generated 15,946 degree of electricity so far.

Taichung fire power plant, Taichung, Taiwan: 1.5 MW

Caserta site, Italy: 308.2 KWh [under construction]

Vrapice, Czech Republic: 1MW

Products

Solar cell
DelSolar’s solar cell includes monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon-based cells, with size of 6 inch, 2 busbars or 3 busbars and the wafer thickness of 180 to 200 mm.

Solar module
DelSolar’s solar module includes monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar modules and black modules. DelSolar’s modules can provide positive power tolerances of up to +3%, which offer a stable and high-energy system output.

Photovoltaic system
The company also offers a full set of Photovoltaic system design, including, feasibility study, financing, site planning, engineering, procurement, construction, operation and maintenance. DelSolar has supplied or installed solar modules in many Photovoltaic systems worldwide, such as Kaohsiung National Stadium in Taiwan and River of Life Christian Church in US.

Global operation
DelSolar has 3 manufacturing facilities, located at Hsinchu and Jhunan, Taiwan and Wujiang, China, as well as the representative offices in Taiwan, China, United States, the Netherlands.

References

Taiwanese companies established in 2004
Solar energy companies
Companies based in Hsinchu
Energy companies established in 2004
Renewable energy technology companies
Taiwanese brands
Technology companies of Taiwan


A lightweight ontology is an ontology or knowledge organization system in which concepts are connected by rather general associations than strict formal connections. Examples of lightweight ontologies include associative network and multilingual classifications but the term is not used consistently.

Following the approach described in  and exploiting dedicated Natural language processing (NLP) techniques tuned to short phrases (for instance, as described in ), each node label can be translated into an unambiguous formal expression, i.e. into a propositional Description Logic (DL) expression. As a result, lightweight ontologies, or formal classifications, are tree-like structures where each node label is a language-independent propositional DL formula codifying the meaning of the node. Taking into account its context (namely the path from the root node), each node formula is subsumed by the formula of the node above. As a consequence, the backbone structure of a lightweight ontology is represented by subsumption relations between nodes. For example, in case a node labeled “car” is under a node labeled “red” we can say that the meaning of the node “car” is “red car” in this case. This is translated into the logical formula “red AND car”. provides some examples of lightweight ontologies. and  show how lightweight ontologies can be used to automate important tasks, in particular to favor interoperability among different knowledge organization systems. is an example of how a lightweight ontology can be used selectively for information exchange and service interoperability in time-critical decision support systems.

See also
Ontology alignment
Semantic matching
Semantic integration
Minimal mappings

References
 John Davies (2010): Lightweight Ontologies. In: Theory and Applications of Ontology: Computer Applications, 2010, pp 197–229.
 http://www.ai-one.com/tag/lightweight-ontology/

Semantic Web
Ontology (information science)


Ballard () is a townland in west County Clare, Ireland.  It is on the N67 national secondary road between the urban areas of Doonbeg and Kilkee.  The nearest large towns are Kilrush and Kilkee, which are approximately 10 and 5 miles away, respectively.

The townland is within the parish of Killard and the diocese of Killaloe.

Education
The current Ballard National School opened in 1911.  The old school, set in the lower storey of Flynns' or Cremins' two storey house, still remains.

Religion
There is a legend that St. Senan was brought to Ballard Hill to see the location of Scattery Island, where he went on to establish his main monastery.  According to one version of the legend, St. Senan was mysteriously transported on a rock from the hill to the island.  During Penal times, secret Catholic masses were held at the western gable end of Ballard House.  The now demolished Ballard House (known locally as Father Mc's house) was the location of the parochial House or presbytery for Killard parish (and for a while the joint Killard and Kilkee parishes) until a new parochial house was built in the 1970s in the nearby village of Bealaha.

History
According to the Annals of the Four Masters, there was an earthquake in West Clare almost 1,000 years ago, which split the land between the Cliffs of Moher in the north and Cliffs of Ballard in the south.  The subsequent tidal wave engulfed the whole district between these two headlands, and the Atlantic Ocean now rolls over what was once dry land.  The earliest evidence of habitation are the various forts located in the townland.  The most spectacular of these was a promontory fort located at Donegal Point.

Historic architecture
Ballard Castle was a Napeolonic signal tower built in the 18th century as part of a ring of towers around Ireland.  Other towers in Clare were located at Carheenaveelane, Carn Crohane, Mutton Island and Hags Head.  Unfortunately, the castle was demolished in the 1960s, and the stones were reused in local farm buildings.

Ballard House was built in the early 19th century as a summer residence for the Singleton family of Quinville Abbey Estate in Quin.  The other main landlords were the Blackhall family who lived in the nearby Killard House (also now demolished).

Geography
Ballard is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean and has some of the most dramatic cliffs on the west coast of Ireland at Donegal Point, the Hubawns and Ballard Bay or Bealnalicka.  Donegal Point is a peninsula that is reached by crossing over one of two naturally formed bridges.  The shore front at Bealnalicka is noted for its blow hole, which is known locally as the "Puffing Hole".  The highest point in Killard Parish is Ballard Hill, where a castle once stood.  On a clear day from this point it is possible to see four counties: Clare, Kerry, Limerick, and Galway.

Tourism
The cliffs and coastline of Ballard have been receiving visitors since the Victorian Era, when it was a popular day trip for visitors to make from Kilkee on jaunting cars.  The Cliffs of Ballard are recommended in the latest Lonely Planet guide to Ireland.

References

External links
 Doonbeg Homepage

Townlands of County Clare


Pavan Duggal is an advocate practising in the Supreme Court of India, specializing in the field of Cyberlaw, Cybercrime Law, Cybersecurity Law, and Artificial Intelligence Law. He is a member of NomCom Committee on Multilingual Internet Names Consortium (MINC).

He is the President of Cyberlaws.Net. He has worked in mobile law, convergence law and dark net law. He is the president of Cyberlaw Asia.

Duggal is the Conference Director  of the International Conference on Cyberlaw, Cybercrime & Cybersecurity   organized by Cyberlaws.Net.

Duggal is the Chairman of the International Commission on Cyber Security Law.

Committees
He has been a member of number of committees:
 Member of the Permanent Monitoring Panel on "The Future of Cyber Security" of the World Federation of Scientists, an organization active in the framework of ICSC – International Centre for Scientific Culture - World Laboratory.
 Permanent Monitoring Panel (PMP) on Information Security, established by World Federation of Scientists
 The ICANN Nominating Committee representing the Asia Pacific region, 2003 and 2004.
Membership Advisory Committee of The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).
  Advisory Council of the Institute of Cyber Security and Law of University of Delhi
 Chairman, Confederation of Indian Industry Delhi Panel on Cyber Security

Duggal has been contributing to the evolving legal jurisprudence on Artificial Intelligence, through his books on artificial intelligence and also through his course on Artificial Intelligence legalities.

He has contributed to academic discussions and debate evolving Artificial Intelligence jurisprudence. He has broadly highlighted the importance of Artificial Intelligence in the context of judicial systems. He commented:

Role in Evolving Metaverse Law

Duggal is the Chief Evangelist of Metaverse Law Nucleus.

Books and recognition

He has written several books/eBooks on various diverse and complex aspects concerning the legalities of policy related issues impacting cyberspace, Internet and the World Wide Web. He has authored India's first mobile law treatise, which focuses on litigation and jurisprudence vis-à-vis mobile communication devices.

As per the International Telecommunications Union, as a Writer, he has made his mark with 179 Books on various aspects of the law in the last 20 years. Dr. Pavan Duggal’s books have been conferred various awards by Book Authority in various categories over a couple of years.

He has authored 179 books on the intersection of law and technology over the last two and a half decades. The vast and diverse range of  Pavan Duggal’s books include Books on Cyber Law,  Cybercrime Law,  Cyber Security Law, Artificial Intelligence Law,  Blockchain Law,  Internet of Things Law,  Other Emerging Technologies and Legalities and on Coronavirus & Cyber Legal Issues.

The World Summit on the Information Society gives details of numerous books authored by Dr. Pavan Duggal on the website of the International Telecommunications Union.

Pavan Duggal’s numerous books have been recognized by BookAuthority.

Numerous Book Authority Awards have been conferred To Duggal’s Books.

References

External links
 Pavan Duggal's Homepage
 Cyberlaw University Homepage
 Cyberlaws.Net Homepage
 International Conference on Cyberlaw, Cybercrime & Cyber Security Homepage
 International Commission on Cyber Security Law Homepage
 Artificial Intelligence Law Hub Homepage
 Blockchain Law Epicentre Homepage
 Pavan Duggal Associates Homepage

Indian legal writers
Living people
20th-century Indian lawyers
Year of birth missing (living people)


Bloom Consulting is a consulting firm, specialized in Nation Branding.  It was founded in 2003 by José Filipe Torres. Bloom Consulting is currently represented in Spain, Portugal and Brasil. The company's work focuses mainly Nation branding and Place branding projects, including research for Tourism, Foreign Direct Investment and Public Diplomacy.

Media coverage and presentations

Bloom Consulting has been covered in economic newspapers and magazines such as Forbes and The Economist.

The Bloom Consulting Country Brand Ranking
Annually Bloom Consulting publishes the Bloom Consulting Country Brand Ranking, in two separate versions: Tourism and Trade. The Ranking determines the position of a country has according to its economic performance based on previous economic history.  The first ranking was made in summer 2011, examining 144 and 157 countries in trade and tourism field, respectively. The ranking uses dozens of variables in order to position the countries by facts and mathematical algorithms instead of pure opinions, like other country branding rankings do. The methodology measures the coherency between the external messages of a country and its actual economic performance. The higher a country is on the list, the better they are compared to their competitors, in positioning themselves to attract either Foreign Direct Investment or tourists.

Organization and administration
Bloom Consulting SL. is a Spain-based company. It works with a country office system, meaning that offices are established in countries under a new legal structure with Bloom Consulting SL. as a stakeholder allowing individuals to join Bloom as a partner and opening a new country office after being trained by the Bloom Headquarters.

References

External links
 Official website

Consulting firms established in 2003
Service companies of Spain
Branding companies


Lion of Senet is a fantasy novel written by Australian author Jennifer Fallon. It is the first in a trilogy titled the Second Sons.

Plot summary

The novel is set in the fantasy world of Ranadon, where there is no night time. Two suns orbit the earth and bathe it in light constantly. A religious sect known as the Shadowdancers claim this is the work of the Goddess, a deity both benign and merciless, whom most in the world believe in. The back story is that many years ago the second sun mysteriously vanished and left Ranadon in the Age of Shadows. At the insistence of the self-appointed High Priestess of the Shadow dancers, Belegren, the lion of Senet, a powerful and devout man named Antonov, sacrificed his baby son Gunta, after which the second sun returned and so it has been ever since. Dirk Provin, the second son of the Duke Wallin Provin of Elcast, saves a wounded sailor from a shipwreck, brought about by a volcanic eruption and consequent earthquake. Through the course of the man's recovery it is revealed that he is in fact, Johan Thorn, the exiled King of Dhevyn who was utterly defeated by Antonov during the Age of Shadows, and is now the most wanted man in Ranadon. News of this reaches the Lion of Senet himself, who arrives with Belegren the High Priestess, on Elcast, and the secret web of lies which had been built up around Dirk and everything he ever knew begins to slowly unravel, as the apprentice physician comes to realise that others are slowly drawing their own plans around him.

References

2002 Australian novels
Australian fantasy novels
Novels by Jennifer Fallon
HarperCollins books


Site 41, also known as Lesobaza and SK-1, was a launch complex at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. It consisted of a single pad, Site 41/1, and was used by R-7 derived rockets between 1959 and 1989.

Site 41 was originally built for use by R-7A Semyorka missiles. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, an armed missile was placed on Site 41. It would have had a response time of 8–12 hours should an order have been given to launch it. No launches were conducted from Site 41 whilst it was operational.

In 1963, the complex was converted for use by carrier rockets. The first launch from the complex was a suborbital test of an R-7A Semyorka missile, on 14 December 1965. The first orbital launch from the complex occurred on 17 March 1966, when a Vostok-2 rocket launched Kosmos 112. In total, 308 orbital and two suborbital launches were conducted from the complex, using R-7A, Vostok-2, Vostok-2M, Voskhod and Soyuz-U rockets. The last launch to use the complex was of a Soyuz-U with Bion 9 on 15 September 1989. Since this launch, the pad has been disassembled.

References

Plesetsk Cosmodrome


Chioninia is a genus of skinks, lizards in the subfamily Lygosominae. For long, this genus was included in the "wastebin taxon" Mabuya. The genus Chioninia contains the Cape Verde mabuyas.

Description
Species in the genus Chioninia are mid-sized to largish lizards with cylindrical bodies, tails of medium length, and well-developed arms and legs; the hands and feet have 5 toes each. Their cycloid scales are underlaid by osteoderms. The scales on the back and belly are similar in shape, but those on the back are keeled. The scales on the top of the head are generally flat and subimbricate; they have a pair of supranasal scales and the frontoparietal and prefrontal scales are paired or fused. The third supraocular scale is the hindmost one that contacts the frontal scale, and the secondary temporal scales touch each other. The nasal scale is undivided.

Chioninia mabuyas have 26–27 presacral vertebrae. Their palatine bones are in contact with the median; the deep sphenopalatine notch separates the (toothed or toothless) pterygoids and extends forwards to between the centre of the eyes. The fairly small teeth are pleurodont. The ear opening is small, and the eardrums are hidden in a moderately deep ear canal.

Species
The following 7 species are recognized as being valid:
Chioninia coctei  –  Cape Verde giant skink - extinct
Chioninia delalandii  – Delalande's skink
Chioninia fogoensis  – Fogo skink
Chioninia nicolauensis  – São Nicolau skink
Chioninia spinalis
Chioninia stangeri  – Stanger's skink
Chioninia vaillantii  – Vaillant's mabuya

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Chioninia.

References

Lygosominae
Taxa named by John Edward Gray


Hunnic may refer to:

 Huns, a former nomadic tribe of the Eurasian steppe
 Hunnic language, spoken by the Huns
 Hunnic grapes, a class of grapes grown in German-speaking countries during the Middle Ages

See also
 Hun (disambiguation)
 Hunno, Alamannic king in 385


Phnom Penh Cable Television, also known as PPCTV, is a cable TV subscription service established by Phnom Penh Municipal Cable Television (PPCTV). It is one of the major cable TV services in Cambodia with the largest number of viewers concentrated in Phnom Penh.

History
PPCTV started distributing its services on cable with just only 36 channels in 1995, then expanding to 48 channels continued to 52 channels and finally 66 channels. It was the first cable provider in Cambodia, in partnership with TVB and Mediacorp.

In 2009, PPCTV started digital cable television service and broadband Internet.

In 2015, PPCTV and Mediacorp started the Phnom Penh Cable Television MediaCorp Awards.

References

External links
Official Website
List of Channels on Phnom Penh Cable Television (PPCTV)

Cable television companies
Television stations in Cambodia
Mass media in Phnom Penh


"Strange" is a song written by Wendell Mobley, Jason Sellers and Neil Thrasher, and recorded by American country music artist Reba McEntire as her first release for the Valory label, a sister label of Big Machine Records.  McEntire debuted the song on the Academy of Country Music awards the week before its release to country radio.  It is the first single from her twenty-fifth studio album, Keep On Loving You, released on August 18, 2009.

Content
"Strange" is a moderate up-tempo in which the narrator says that she has just ended a relationship, and that she finds it "strange" that she is not upset over its ending. McEntire described the song as "tongue-in-cheek. It's a little bit about, you know, 'I'm supposed to be in love with this guy and really heartbroken, but I'm not.' So, it's a tough-woman song."

Critical reception
Matt Bjorke of Roughstock gave the song a favorable review, saying that McEntire sang the song strongly, and by doing so, sounded "renewed, refreshed and ready to conquer the charts once again." Billboard also gave the song a positive review, with critic Deborah Evans Price saying McEntire delivers "the ultimate sassy anthem about a woman's resilience" and calling it a "delicious performance from one of country music's most gifted divas." Entertainment Weekly called the song the best on the album, by saying "Reba  McEntire leads off her 31st album with 'Strange', an addictively sinister kiss-off that the next 12 tracks struggle to match".

Music video
A music video, directed by Trey Fanjoy, premiered on CMT on May 28, 2009. In the video, McEntire is shown in bed, surrounded by used tissues and chocolates while she talks on the phone. Later, she is shown looking through a rack of strapless black dresses. Throughout the video, scenes of her performing with her band and in front of a kaleidoscope background are included. This is also the first music video in which her road band appears. It is also her first music video where she's credited as just Reba.

Chart performance
"Strange" was released to radio on April 6, 2009, one day after McEntire performed the song on the Academy of Country Music awards show. On the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart dated for April 25, 2009, the song debuted at number 39, the highest solo chart debut of her career.

Year-end charts

References

2009 singles
Songs written by Neil Thrasher
Songs written by Jason Sellers
Songs written by Wendell Mobley
Reba McEntire songs
Music videos directed by Trey Fanjoy
Big Machine Records singles
Song recordings produced by Mark Bright (record producer)
2009 songs


Gigant Neo (17 May 1998 – 20 October 2021) was a Swedish breeding stallion and racing trotter by Super Arnie out of Clorita Lobell by Speedy Crown.

His most prestigious victories included the Konung Gustaf V:s Pokal (2001), Grand Criterium de Vitesse (2003) and Prix d'Amérique (2006). At the end of his career, the stallion had earned US$2,596,145. Gigant Neo was trained by Swedish trotting trainer Stefan Melander, and driven by Jorma Kontio, Jean-Michel Bazire, Dominiek Locqueneux, Joseph Verbeeck and trainer Melander himself. Gigant Neo won the 3-year-old of the Year Award in Sweden in 2001.

Victory in Prix d'Amérique
In 2006, Gigant Neo raced his fourth Prix d'Amérique, arguably the most prestigious trotting event in Europe. He had made attempts to claim the title the three previous years, without success. He came fairly close in 2005, when he finished second behind French Jag de Bellouet.

In the 2006 Prix d'Amérique, the field was recalled three times, and one horse lost his driver and went loose on the track. Gigant Neo took the lead in the fourth starting attempt. Soon, reigning champion and favourite Jag de Bellouet went up front while second favourite Kazire de Guez was parked outside. In the stretch, Kazire du Guez broke stride, and Jag de Bellouet won by two lengths before Gigant Neo.

A little more than a month after the race, it was announced that Jag de Bellouet had been disqualified due to a failed doping test. Traces of tolfenamic acid, an anti-inflammatory substance, had been discovered. As a result, Gigant Neo become the new winner of the title and US$600,000, which was the winner's share of the purse in 2006's edition of the richest trotting race in Europe. Upon getting the news, Gigant Neo's trainer Melander was shocked and reacted by sitting down on a hay bale, staring straight forward.

Pedigree

References

1998 racehorse births
2021 racehorse deaths
Swedish standardbred racehorses


James Quentin Hughes,  (28 February 1920 – 8 May 2004) was an architect and academic. He was a British SAS officer during the Second World War, and was influential in the preservation of Liverpool's Victorian and Edwardian architectural heritage.

Early life

James Quentin Hughes was born in Newsham Park, Liverpool on 28 February 1920. He was educated at Rydal School in Colwyn Bay, Wales, and then began his studies at the University of Liverpool School of Architecture in 1937.

Second World War

On the outbreak of war Hughes volunteered for the Royal Artillery and was posted to 208 Anti-Aircraft Training Regiment before obtaining his commission in 1940. Hughes was posted to Malta with 48/71 D Battery RA, from which his lifelong love of the island and interest in its architecture began.

Following the Siege of Malta, in 1942, Hughes joined the newly created 2nd SAS based at Philippeville, Algeria and began carrying out sabotage operations in Italy.

On 12 January 1944, Hughes and four others took off from an American airfield in southern Italy for Operation Pomegranate in support of the forthcoming allied landings at Anzio. The objective of the mission was the destruction of German reconnaissance aircraft at San Egidio. The group was scattered after coming into contact with a German sentry, and although Hughes and the raid commander Major Tony Widdrington found each other, the other members could not be located. The pair carried on with the mission, infiltrating the airfield on the night of 19 January and planting Lewes bombs which when detonated destroyed four Ju 88s, two Fieseler Storchs and one Ju 52. While defusing their unused bombs one exploded, killing Widdrington and leaving Hughes temporarily blind and concussed. He used his pistol to summon assistance, being captured by the Germans and taken to hospital in Perugia. The accident left Hughes deaf in one ear and blind in one eye for the remainder of his life.

By February the Gestapo was insistent that Hughes should be handed over to them to be shot as a saboteur; however a German officer managed to get Hughes classified as a prisoner of war, thereby keeping him at least temporarily safe from the Gestapo.  Hughes later escaped, by jumping from a train, along with two other men and with assistance from local partisans reached Allied forces on 10 May 1944.  Hughes received an MC and bar for the raid and his following escape.

After spending some time at an officers' rest camp Hughes returned to England to rejoin the 2nd SAS at Prestwick, Ayrshire.  He was appointed commander of HQ squadron in 1945 before a jeep accident forced him to retire from the army at the rank of Major.

Called Jimmy Hughes while serving in the British Army, he wrote about his years as a soldier in a book, Who Cares Who Wins (1998), a play on the SAS motto "Who Dares Wins", that was published under the name of Jimmy Quentin Hughes MC in 1998.

Post war

Hughes completed his architecture degree at Liverpool in 1946 and then moved to Leeds University to study for a PhD. His thesis on the architectural history of baroque Malta led to the publication of his first book, The Building of Malta 1530-1795 (1956).

He was appointed Senior Lecturer in Architecture at Leeds in 1948 and stayed until 1955 when he became a lecturer at the Liverpool School of Architecture. He was a Lecture and Studio Instructor in Architecture (1955-61), later Senior Lecturer  in Architecture (1961-68) and Reader (1968-84) at the University of Liverpool. In 1984 he was made an Honorary Research Fellow of Liverpool University. The Quentin Hughes Collection, a mixture of notes, drawings and photographs, is held in the archives of the University of Liverpool. Photographs attributed to JQ Hughes are also held by the Conway Library, whose archive of primarily architectural images is in the process of being digitised under the wider Courtauld Connects project.

In 1964 Hughes published Seaport: Architecture & Townscape in Liverpool, in which he stressed the significance of the Victorian and Edwardian architectural inheritance of the city.  Much of the city centre was saved because of his activities, which in particular helped preserve the Albert Dock Warehouses and the Oriel Chambers.  The book was highly influential in starting a national trend opposing the architectural Brutalism of the 1960s. In 1967 he also wrote a detailed policy for the conservation of Liverpool's architecture which was adopted by the City Council.

In addition to his academic work Hughes also found time to practise as an architect, designing houses in Surrey, and working on conservation projects including Bridge Street, Chester (1962–4), Neston, Wirral (1967), and Greenbank House, Sefton Park, Liverpool (1969).

In 1968, while at Liverpool University, he was seconded to set up the School of Architecture at the University of Malta, becoming the first Professor of Architecture in 1970 but, after 'crossing swords' with the country's president Dom Mintoff, he returned to Liverpool in 1973.

Hughes was one of the founders of the Fortress Study Group in 1975 and served as the first editor of the group's journal, Fort, being internationally respected for his knowledge of military architecture.

Later life

Hughes became the chairman of the Merseyside Civic Trust in 1995, serving until 2001. In this role he and his team stopped commercial development of a dedicated public space at Liverpool Pier Head. In 1999, he was appointed OBE in recognition of his work in conserving the architecture of north-west England and in 2000 was made an Honorary Professor of Architecture by Liverpool John Moores University. In 2004 he received Malta's highest civil honour, the National Order of Merit.

Private life
In 1947, Hughes married Margaret Evans with whom he had two daughters, Gigi & Sian. They divorced and he married Josephine (Jo) Radcliff in1983. They had a daughter, Alice.

Publications
Hughes wrote numerous books including:
The Building of Malta 1530–1795 (1956)
Seaport: Architecture & Townscape in Liverpool (1964)
Fortress: Architecture and Military History in Malta (1969).
Military Architecture (1974)
Who Cares Who Wins (1998)
Malta: The Baroque Island (2003)

References

Architects from Liverpool
1920 births
2004 deaths
Preservationist architects
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Military Cross
Special Air Service officers
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
British World War II prisoners of war
20th-century English architects
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
Alumni of the University of Leeds
Academics of the University of Leeds
Academics of the University of Liverpool
Recipients of the National Order of Merit (Malta)
British Army personnel of World War II
Royal Artillery officers
British escapees
Escapees from German detention


Eye of the Labyrinth is a fantasy novel written by Australian author Jennifer Fallon. It is the second in The Second Sons trilogy.

Plot summary

This novel picks up two years after the events of the previous one, with Dirk fleeing Avacas a wanted man and seeking sanctuary in the Baenlands. Obsessed with Dirk's capture Antonov arrests Morna Provin at her husband's funeral and announces that he will have her burned at the stake come Landfall. Despite the best efforts of Tia and Reithan Dirk still finds out and demands that they attempt to save her. The other major plot follows the domestic quarrels of Alenor and Kirsh, who is still besotted with the acrobat Marquel. At Dirk's suggestion, Alenor invites Marquel to Kalarada willingly in the hope that keeping Kirsh distracted will give her some measure of control over her kingdom. Arriving on Elcast too late, Dirk has only time to beg Tia to end his mother's suffering. She refuses at first, but forced to listen to Morna's screams, Tia relents and shoots the former duchess through the eye, ending her pain. The two escape with Master Helgrin and row back to the Wanderer, watching as Reithan Seranov's diversion burns Antonov's flagship to the waterline in retribution. Tired of running, Dirk announces that night that he is going to Omaxin in an attempt to break through the labyrinth and discover the truth that sent Neris Veran into madness. The strain of her husband openly flaunting a mistress takes its toll on Alenor and her relationship with Kirsh grows fractious. She eventually begins an affair with the captain of her guard.

References

External links
 http://www.jenniferfallon.com/

2003 Australian novels
2003 fantasy novels
Australian fantasy novels
Novels by Jennifer Fallon
HarperCollins books


Olszewski (feminine Olszewska, plural Olszewscy, alternative Olszowski) is a Polish surname. The Russian-language version is Olshevsky, feminine: Olshevskaya. The Lithuanian language forms are Olšauskas  and Alšauskas, feminine: Olšauskienė/Alšauskienė (married), and Olšauskaitė/Alšauskaitė (unmarried). Belarusian form: Альшэўскі (Alsheuski or Alshewski).

Origin could be derived from Polish word olsza or olcha, which means alder tree.

Notable people with the surname include:

 Agata Mróz-Olszewska (1982-2008), Polish volleyball player
 Albert Olszewski (born 1962), American politician
 Alfons Olszewski (1916-2006), Polish sailor
 Bobby Olszewski (born 1977), American politician
 Dariusz Olszewski (born 1967), Polish politician
 Eileen Olszewski (born 1968), American boxer
 Gunner Olszewski (born 1996), American football player
 Jan Olszewski (1930-2019), Polish lawyer and political figure
 John A. Olszewski, Jr. (born 1982), American politician
 Johnny Olszewski (1929-1996), American football running back
 Karol Olszewski (1846-1915), Polish chemist, mathematician and physicist
 Krzysztof Olszewski (born 1970), Polish photographer, visual and installation artist
 Maria Olszewska (1892-1969), German opera singer
 Maria Olszewska-Lelonkiewicz (1939-2007), Polish figure skating coach
 Michał Olszewski (chess player) (born 1989), Polish chess grandmaster
 Michał Olszewski (priest) (1712-1779), Lithuanian Catholic priest and author
 Milena Olszewska (born 1984), Polish Paralympic archer
 Paweł Olszewski (politician) (born 1979), Polish economist and politician
 Paweł Olszewski (footballer), Polish footballer
 Piotr Olszewski (born 1973), Polish rower
 Remigiusz Olszewski (born 1992), Polish sprinter
 Sławomir Olszewski (born 1973), Polish goalkeeper
 Stanisław Olszewski (1852-1898), Polish engineer and inventor
 Włodzimierz Olszewski (born 1956), Polish ice hockey player

See also
 Olszewski tube
 Progressive supranuclear palsy, aka Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome
 Olszeski Town, Ohio

References

Polish-language surnames


Boas' point is an area of tenderness to palpation to the left of the 12th thoracic vertebra found in some patients with gastric ulcer.

This medical sign is named after Ismar Isidor Boas.

References

Medical signs
Gastroenterology


Borj-e Sefid () is a building located in Pasdaran district in Tehran, Iran.
The Borj-e Sefid (which translates to "White Tower" in English) is a high-rise building built along Pasdaran Ave, within which is contained a shopping center as well as many offices. The building has cemented Pasdaran's status as an upscale suburb of Tehran, raising the area's profile and spurring a series of developments in the surrounding areas. It is home to the revolving restaurant of Borj-e Sefid at the top floor of the building.

Although the building is a center of business and commerce and is part of a trend towards increasing urbanity in the district (mainly witnessed along the district's northern edge near Farmanieh), the majority of the area's housing remains relatively suburban in nature, consisting mostly of mansions and townhomes or duplexes.

See also
 List of revolving restaurants

 List of tallest towers
 List of tallest structures in Iran

External links
About Borj Sefid, Hotel Borj Sefid

Buildings and structures in Tehran
Buildings and structures with revolving restaurants


Simuliinae is a subfamily of black flies (Simuliidae). It contains over 2,200 species, with over 1,800 of them in the genus Simulium. There are 2 tribes and 25 living genera. A further 5 genera are known only from Cretaceous fossils.

Literature cited

Simuliidae
Insect vectors of human pathogens
Taxa named by Edward Newman
Nematocera subfamilies


Karen Legg (born 3 June 1978), also known by her married name Karen Crumpler, is an English former freestyle swimmer.

Swimming career
She competed for Great Britain in the Olympics, FINA world championships and European championships, and swam for England in the Commonwealth Games.  During her seven-year international career (1998–2005), she won four world, two European and seven Commonwealth medals.  Legg also competed for Great Britain in the 2000 Summer Olympic Games in Sydney in the women's 4×200-metre freestyle relay.

She represented England and won two silver medals in the relay events, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Four years later she won five more medals, three in the relay events (including a gold medal) and two in the individual events.

She won the 2001 British Championship in the 200 metres freestyle and the 400 metres freestyle.

See also
 List of Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming (women)
 World record progression 4 × 200 metres freestyle relay

References

1978 births
Living people
English female swimmers
English female freestyle swimmers
Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)
Olympic swimmers for Great Britain
Sportspeople from Poole
Swimmers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for England
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England
Medallists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2002 Commonwealth Games


Peter Macdonald (August 14, 1835 – March 24, 1923) was a physician and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Huron East in the House of Commons of Canada from 1887 to 1904 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Pictou County, Nova Scotia, the son of Scottish immigrants, James and Margaret Macdonald. The family came to Huron County, Canada West in 1846, and MacDonald later went to Toronto in pursuit of an education in medicine. While there, he met Margaret Ross, and the two were married in 1865. He graduated from Trinity College with a degree medical in 1872 and set up practice in Wingham. Macdonald served as a member of the town council for Wingham; he was reeve in 1879 and mayor in 1881. He also served as chairman of the school board and coroner for Huron County. Macdonald was deputy speaker and chairman of Committees of the Whole from 1901 to 1904. He ran unsuccessfully for reelection to the House of Commons in 1904.

Macdonald's daughter Annie Caroline went to Japan in 1904 as a representative of the YWCA and later became involved in prison reform there.

References

The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1891 AJ Gemmill

1835 births
1923 deaths
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Canadian coroners
People from Wingham, Ontario


Bilyar Point (, ‘Nos Bilyar’ \'nos bi-'lyar\) is a rounded ice-free point on Ivanov Beach in western Livingston Island, the South Shetland Islands in Antarctica projecting 350 m into Barclay Bay. Situated 3 km southwest of Rowe Point, northwest of Rotch Dome, 1.7 km northeast of Nedelya Point and 4.5 km east-northeast of Lair Point.

The feature is part of the Antarctic Specially Protected Area ASPA 126 Byers Peninsula, situated in one of its restricted zones.

The point is named after the medieval city of Bilyar, capital of Volga Bulgaria in 12-13th Century AD.

Location
Bilyar Point is located at .  British mapping in 1968, Chilean in 1971, Argentine in 1980, Spanish in 1993 and Bulgarian in 2005, 2009 and 2017.

Maps
 Península Byers, Isla Livingston. Mapa topográfico a escala 1:25000. Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1992. (Map image on p. 55 of the linked study)
 L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
 L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map.  Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
 L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017.
 Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly updated

Notes

References
 Bilyar Point. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.
 Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)

External links
 Bilyar Point. Adjusted Copernix satellite image

Headlands of Livingston Island
Bulgaria and the Antarctic


Prototheca wickerhamii is a ubiquitous green alga that does not have chlorophyll.  It is widely present in the environment but is a rare cause of infection in humans (protothecosis) and most commonly presents as nodules of the skin.  Most cases reported have a suppressed immune system (from drugs or disease). Infection usually results by direct traumatic inoculation.

Identification
Diagnosis can be made through culture of diseased tissue in Sabouraud dextrose agar or by visualization of sporangia containing sporangiospores on tissue biopsy (using hematoxylin/eosin, GMS, or PAS histochemical stains). The organism incites a chronic granulomatous inflammation with infiltrate of histiocytes, lymphocytes, giant cells and occasional eosinophils. The organism has thick wall, internal septations, measures 3–11 µm in diameter. The sporangia have very small wedge-shaped endospores arranged radially and moulded (morula-like form).

Differential diagnosis: Protothecal sporangia may be confused with Coccidioides immitis, which are much larger

Antimicrobial therapy
Treatment is not standardized. Amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole have all been tried.

References

Chlorellaceae