John Wysocki (c. 1916 – September 23, 1965) was an American football player who played for Villanova University from 1936 to 1938 and was selected as a consensus All-American at the end position in both 1937 and 1938.

Wysocki first gained national media attention after an October 1937 game in which he scored 19 of Villanova's 20 points (three touchdowns and an extra point) in a 20–0 victory over Manhattan.  In November 1937, noted sports writer Alan Gould wrote of Wysocki: "Villanova's sensational John Wysocki, who put on a one man scoring show against Manhattan, had another big afternoon against Detroit."  Wysocki was also known as a kick-blocker and had three career touchdowns on blocked kicks.  In the 1937 Bacardi Bowl, Villanova was trailing Auburn 7–0 in the fourth quarter, when Wysocki and Valentine Rizzo blocked a kick inside the Auburn 15-yard line, and the kick was recovered by a Villanova lineman for a touchdown that led to the final game score of 7–7.  Wysocki repeated as an All-American in 1938 despite suffering injuries that prevented him from playing a full schedule.  In November 1938, NEA syndicate sports editor Harry Grayson said the following of the two-time All-American:"John Wysocki is a raw-boned kid who made more All-America teams last year than did any other end.  As a sophomore Wysocki had little polish.  He was just a big fellow with a desire to put on bone-crushing blocks, a fervor for knocking people down, and obsessed with the idea that end play should be confined to the opponent's backfield.  There was a finesse to his blistering blocking, brisk tackling and uncanny forward pass receiving this year.  He gave Maurice (Big Clipper) Smith a chance to turn the foemen's desire to sock Wysocki into a Villanova advantage. Wysocki was all team player.  He was the ideal decoy on pass plays and a demon on defense.  Wysocki, a Wilkes-Barre boy, played with a pair of ankles that would have benched a less hardy individual."

Wysocki was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the third round (21st pick overall) of the 1939 NFL Draft.  However, Wysocki instead took a job as a high school teacher and coach.  Upon graduating in 1939, Wysocki became a teacher and coach of football, basketball and track at Clifton Heights High School in a suburb of Philadelphia.  He later became the football and baseball coach and athletic director at Upper Merion High School in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, from 1944 to 1946.  From 1947 to 1965, he was a sales representative for a distilling firm.  He lived in his later years in Highland Park, Pennsylvania, and died in Philadelphia's Osteophathic Hospital at age 49 in 1965.  Wysocki was survived by his wife, Mary Wysocki, a son and four daughters.

Wysocki was inducted into the Villanova Walk of Fame in 1994.

See also
 1938 College Football All-America Team

References

Sportspeople from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
Villanova Wildcats football players
1910s births
1965 deaths
High school football coaches in Pennsylvania
High school basketball coaches in Pennsylvania
High school track and field coaches in the United States
High school baseball coaches in the United States


Jacques Gaultier (or Gauterius, Gouterus, Goutier, Gautier, Gautier d'Angleterre, also James Gwaltier) (born ca. 1600, fl. 1617 – 1652) was a French Baroque lutenist and composer. He was not related to the composers and lutenists Denis Gaultier and Ennemond Gaultier.

Not much is known about his early life. In 1617, he had to leave France due to a duel and he escaped to England. He enjoyed the patronage of George Villiers, the favourite of James I of England. In 1622, Gaultier met Dutch poet and composer Constantijn Huygens, with whom he engaged in an exchange of letters. He joined the household of Prince Charles and went to Spain in 1623 with Charles and Buckingham during the "Spanish Match".

From 1625, he was a musician at the English royal court under Charles I of England. He remained there at least until 1640 as he appears as an employee in the court records for that year. In 1627, he was arrested and imprisoned for a while. There were rumours that he was involved in an assassination plot or had seduced a young lady.

In 1630, he travelled to the Netherlands. From there he went to Madrid to play at the Spanish court. In the early 1630s, Gaultier returned to England. Then he was employed again as a court musician, among others, at the performances of the masques The Triumph of Peace (1634) by James Shirley and William Davenant's Britannia triumphans (1637).

In April 1645 Constantijn Huygens was trying to obtain a nine rib Laux Maler lute to accompany singing. Gaultier said there were only fifty extant, six in London, all of medium size and not suitable to accompany a singer. Soon after Gaultier found one of the larger sizes, recently rebuilt in London by a Master Nichols. Huygens had the lute sent to him on approval but did not buy it. In 1649 Charles I gave Gaultier another Laux Maler lute, formerly belonging to the royal lutenist John Ballard. Gaultier offered this lute to Huygens and sent it to The Hague but could not secure an expert recommendation for it from their mutual friend Mary Woodhouse.

References

Article on German Wikipedia

External links
Portrait by Jan Lievens
Portrait by Jan Lievens

1600s births
17th-century deaths
French lutenists
French male classical composers
French Baroque composers
17th-century classical composers
17th-century male musicians


This is a list of European countries by life expectancy at birth.

World Bank Group (2021)
Estimation of the World Bank Group for 2021. The data is filtered according to the list of countries in Europe. In the World Bank Group list and, accordingly, in this list, there are no mini-states with a population of several tens of thousands of people (Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City). The values in the World Bank Group tables are rounded. All calculations are based on raw data, so due to the nuances of rounding, in some places, illusory inconsistencies of indicators arose, with a size of 0.01 year.

United Nations (2021)
Estimation of the analytical agency of the UN for 2019 and 2021. By default, the list is sorted by 2021.

WHO (2019)
List of countries by life expectancy for 2019 according to the World Health Organization. The data is filtered according to the list of countries in Europe. In the WHO list and, accordingly, in this list, there are no mini-states with a population of several tens of thousands of people (Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City).

Charts and maps

The map and table below cites life expectancy per country from The World Bank's 2019 statistics.

See also

Plotted maps

References

life expectancy
Europe


Eric Prince (11 December 1924 – 2003) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale in the mid-1940s.

Career
Prince played for Ipstones; the local village club, before joining Port Vale in September 1944. He scored on his debut; a 2–1 defeat by West Bromwich Albion at The Hawthorns in a Football League North match on 9 September. He was a regular for the "Valiants" during the war years, but also guested for Crewe Alexandra in March 1945. He scored twice in 18 games during the 1946–47 season, scoring against Aldershot and Brighton & Hove Albion at The Old Recreation Ground in late December. He featured in just three Third Division South matches in 1947–48, before he was released by manager Gordon Hodgson in February 1948. He moved on to Macclesfield Town, and later turned out for Simplex Creda.

Career statistics

References

People from Ipstones
Footballers from Staffordshire
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Port Vale F.C. players
Macclesfield Town F.C. players
English Football League players
1924 births
2003 deaths


Vadim Petrovich Shcherbakov () was an officer in the Soviet Air Defense Forces (PVO Strany). As a senior lieutenant, he was serving in the 260th "Bryansky" Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment. In 1966–1967 Shcherbakov's whole regiment was temporarily assigned as a Group of Soviet Military Advisors in Vietnam (Группа советских военных специалистов во Вьетнаме) and in March 1966 was transferred to North Vietnam, where the regiment was tasked with establishing a training center and training the NVA's 274th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment for combat duty. In North Vietnam Shcherbakov served as a SAM operator/instructor, and specialized as a fire control operator during combat deployments. For his service Shcherbakov received the Order of Lenin, the highest Soviet decoration after returning from North Vietnam in 1967.

American Task Force Russia: POW/MIA in their 18th report claims that formerly closed Soviet sources credited Colonel Shchbakov with 10 combat engagements and 6 kills. After Vietnam, Shcherbakov continued his service, eventually reaching the rank of colonel. Very little is known about his biography except for multiple brief mentions in Soviet Officers' Vietnam War memoirs. He was still alive in 1991, when he was attending an annual meeting of the Russian Association of Vietnam War veterans. He was a retired Colonel at that time.

Shcherbakov appears to have lived in Engels, Saratov Oblast, as of 2013.

Notes

References

Davies, Peter. F-105 Wild Weasel vs SA-2 "Guideline" SAM, Vietnam 1965–73. Osprey 2011. .
Michel III, Marshall L.  Clashes; Air Combat Over North Vietnam 1965–1972.  Naval Institute Press; 1997, 2007.  .
Toperczer, Istvan. MiG-21 Units of the Vietnam War. Osprey Combat Aircraft #29. 2008 edition. .
Toperczer, Istvan. MiG-17 and MiG-19 Units of the Vietnam War. Osprey Combat Aircraft #25. 2nd edition 2008.  .
Hobson, Chris. Vietnam Air Losses, United States Air Force, Navy and Marine Fixed Wing Aircraft Losses in Southeast Asia 1961-1973. Midland Publishing 2001.  .

Military personnel of the Vietnam War
Soviet Air Defence Force officers
Living people
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Year of birth missing (living people)


Electoral district of Windsor may refer to:
 Windsor (UK Parliament constituency), a current constituency of the UK House of Commons
 Windsor (Ontario provincial electoral district), a former riding of the Ontario Provincial Parliament
 Electoral district of Windsor (New South Wales), a former electorate of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
 Electoral district of Windsor (Queensland), a former electorate of the Queensland Legislative Assembly


The 1967–68 ABA season was the first season for the American Basketball Association. The ABA was challenging the National Basketball Association. The ABA introduced a red, white and blue basketball. They used a 30-second shot clock as opposed to the NBA's 24 second shot clock,  and also used the three-point shot. There were 11 teams playing in the first season of the league, with each team playing a 78-game schedule.

History
The American Basketball Association (ABA) was founded in 1967 by Dennis Murphy, former mayor of Buena Park, California, and Gary Davidson, an attorney from Orange County, California. George Mikan, a former National Basketball Association star best known for his career with the Minneapolis Lakers, was named as the league's first commissioner, saying that the ABA would avoid raiding the players from the NBA as the upstart league as it wanted to avoid legal issues relating to the reserve clause and hoped to avoid creating a bidding war for talent that would make player salaries unaffordable. Despite that, The New York Times reported that tentative offers had been made to Oscar Robertson and Wilt Chamberlain, who was offered a contract that would pay him $50,000 (half of what he was making with the Philadelphia 76ers) along with a 20% share of the team that started play as the New Jersey Americans.

By April 1967, the league announced that they would begin play for the 1967–68 season with 11 teams in two divisions. The Eastern Division would include teams representing Indianapolis, Indiana, Louisville, Kentucky, New York City, Minneapolis and Pittsburgh, while the Western division would be made up of Anaheim, California, Dallas, Denver, Houston, New Orleans and Oakland. Each team owner made a commitment that they would have the resources to run for at least three years on annual budgets of $500,000 and would be able to absorb any financial losses during that period.

With the first pick in the league's inaugural draft in April 1967, Indianapolis chose Jimmy Walker, who had been a collegiate All-American at Providence College, where his 30.4 points per game led all major college players. Walker was also the first pick in the 1967 NBA draft by the Detroit Pistons and ended up playing his entire career in the NBA. Among its picks, New Orleans selected pole vaulter Bob Seagren "because he is a great athlete and we think he can play pro basketball", despite the fact that he had never played basketball at the college level. The 11 teams selected a total of 130 players.

In June 1967, NBA leading scorer Rick Barry left the San Francisco Warriors to sign with Oakland, making him the seventh player and the first superstar to defect to the upstart league. The landmark three-year contract offer from singer and team owner Pat Boone was estimated to be worth $500,000 and would make him one of basketball's highest-paid players. The agreement included 15 percent ownership in the franchise, with led Barry to remark, "The offer Oakland made me was one I simply couldn't turn down." In August, however, a superior court judge upheld the reserve clause in Barry's contract and ruled that he was obligated to play for the Warriors or sit out for the entire season. Barry ultimately chose to sit out for the year, rather than play for San Francisco.

Mikan unveiled the league's distinctive red, white and blue official ball in August, calling it "a patriotic ball" and saying that it would be more appealing visually on television.

Regular season

The Oakland Oaks defeated the Anaheim Amigos by a score of 134–129 in the league's inaugural game in front of 4,828 fans at the Oakland Arena on October 13, 1967. Oakland's Andy Anderson was high scorer with 33 points and Les Selvage hit four three-point field goals.

The league's first all-star game was played in Indianapolis on January 9, 1968, at Hinkle Fieldhouse. Coach Jim Pollard of the Minnesota Muskies led the East to a 126–120 win over the West team coached by Babe McCarthy of the New Orleans Buccaneers. Larry Brown of the Buccaneers was chosen as the game's Most Valuable Player. The nationally televised game was played in front of 10,872 fans, the largest attendance for any ABA game in Indianapolis as of that date.

At the end of the regular season, the New Jersey Americans and the Kentucky Colonels finished the season tied for the fourth and final playoff spot in the Eastern Division, with identical 36–42 records. The teams were supposed to play a one-game playoff to determine who would advance to the postseason, which was supposed to be played at the Teaneck Armory in Teaneck, New Jersey, home court of the Americans, but could not be played there as the circus was in town and had the space booked. The team tried to relocate the game to the Long Island Arena in Commack, New York, but when the teams arrived, the playing surface was in such poor condition that the Colonels refused to play. Mikan ruled that the Americans had failed to provide acceptable playing facilities and forfeited the game to the Colonels, with Kentucky advancing to the divisional semifinals.

Playoffs

The top seeds in each division during the regular season were the Eastern Division Pittsburgh Pipers and the New Orleans Buccaneers of the Western Division, and each won their respective division titles and won both divisional playoff rounds to advance to the league championship. In the seventh and deciding game, the Pipers defeated the Buccaneers by a score of 122–113 to take the first league championship, with Charlie Williams scoring a game high 35 points to lead the hometown Pipers in front of 11,475 fans.

Final standings

Eastern Division

Western Division

Asterisk (*) denotes playoff team

Bold – ABA Champions

Awards and honors

 ABA Most Valuable Player Award: Connie Hawkins, Pittsburgh Pipers
 Rookie of the Year: Mel Daniels, Minnesota Muskies
 Coach of the Year: Vince Cazzetta, Pittsburgh Pipers
 Playoffs MVP: Connie Hawkins, Pittsburgh Pipers
 All-Star Game MVP: Larry Brown, New Orleans Buccaneers
All-ABA First Team
 Connie Hawkins, Pittsburgh Pipers
 Doug Moe, New Orleans Buccaneers
 Mel Daniels, Minnesota Muskies
 Larry Jones, Denver Rockets
 Charlie Williams, Pittsburgh Pipers
All-ABA Second Team
 Roger Brown, Indiana Pacers
 Cincy Powell, Dallas Chaparrals
 John Beasley, Dallas Chaparrals
 Larry Brown, New Orleans Buccaneers
 Louie Dampier, Kentucky Colonels
All-ABA Rookie Team
 Louie Dampier, Kentucky Colonels
 Mel Daniels, Minnesota Muskies
 Jimmy Jones, New Orleans Buccaneers
 Bob Netolicky, Indiana Pacers
 Trooper Washington, Pittsburgh Pipers

References

ABA


Gorgona Abbey, later Gorgona Charterhouse (Certosa di Gorgona), was a monastery on the small island of Gorgona in the Mediterranean between  Corsica and the coast of Tuscany. It was abandoned in 1425. The remnants of the Abbey's ground are now part of the Gorgona Agricultural Penal Colony.

Benedictines
The existence of a monastic community on the island is evidenced from the 4th century. By the 6th century there was a Benedictine abbey here, which was later abandoned due to the dangers from Saracen pirates.

The abbey was re-founded in 1051, when the Mediterranean was more secure, and received endowments from the nobility of Pisa and the rest of Tuscany, and of Corsica.

Carthusians
By the 14th century the monastery had entered a decline, and in 1373 was granted to the Carthusians of Pisa Charterhouse by Pope Gregory XI, under the influence of Saint Catherine of Siena. The Benedictines were banned from the island. Unusually, the prior of the new charterhouse inherited from his Benedictine predecessors the title of abbot, and the charterhouse that of abbey.

Saint Catherine visited the new Carthusian community shortly after their settlement here, and notes that work was still in hand to convert the premises for the use of the Carthusians.

The monastery was however, like the first one here, under constant threat from North African pirates, and was attacked several times, in 1382, 1384, 1420 and 1423. The last attack was so severe that in 1425 the monks abandoned the island for good and returned to Pisa Charterhouse, taking their records and works of art with them. Gorgona Charterhouse was merged back into that of Pisa, who retained possession of the land on the island.

Ongoing disputes over land with the inhabitants of the island led the Carthusians of Pisa to sell their interests here in 1776 to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, who set up a fishing village here.

Notes

Sources
 Leoncini, Giovanni, 1989: Le certose della provincia Tusciae, Analecta cartusiana, No. 60.1. Salzburg: Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 1989.
 Leoncini, Giovanni, 1994: Les difficultés des chartreuses de Toscane, Analecta cartusiana, New Series No 11–12. Pont-Saint-Esprit: Centre de recherches cartusiennes

Carthusian monasteries in Italy
Benedictine monasteries in Italy
Gorgona (Italy)


Dracy is the name or partial name of several communes in France:

 Dracy, in the Yonne department
 Dracy-Saint-Loup, in the Saône-et-Loire department
 Dracy-le-Fort, in the Saône-et-Loire department
 Dracy-lès-Couches, in the Saône-et-Loire department


"Trust" is a song by American singer Keyshia Cole. It was written by Cole and Frederick Taylor and co-produced by Donald "Toxic" Alford and Ron Fair for her third studio album, A Different Me (2008). It is a re-recording of the iTunes pre-order bonus song from Cole's previous album Just like You.

In 2008, the ballad was re-recorded as a duet with fellow R&B singer Monica, replacing parts of Cole's original vocals with hers, and was included on Cole's third studio album A Different Me (2008). It was released as the album's third single on April 1, 2009, with its music video world premiering on May 4, 2009, in time for Mother's Day. The song became Monica's sixteenth chart entry on the Hot 100, also becoming Cole's highest-peaking single from the album.

The accompanying music video for "Trust", directed by Chris Robinson, was ranked at 15th on BET's Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2009 countdown. It also peaked on top on BET's 106 & Park.

Track listing
US promo single
 "Trust" (no intro, radio edit) – 3:26
 "Trust" (with intro, radio edit) – 3:46
 "Trust" (album version) – 4:16

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2007 songs
2009 singles
Keyshia Cole songs
Monica (singer) songs
Music videos directed by Chris Robinson (director)
Song recordings produced by Ron Fair
Contemporary R&B ballads
Songs written by Keyshia Cole
Soul ballads
2000s ballads


Lars Bak (born 1965) is a Danish computer programmer. He is known as a JavaScript expert and for his work on virtual machines. He previously worked for Google, having contributed to the Chrome browser by developing the V8 JavaScript engine.

Professional life
Bak studied at Aarhus University in Denmark, receiving an MS degree in computer science in 1988 after which he became active in designing and implementing object-oriented virtual machines. He has been awarded the 2018 Senior Dahl–Nygaard Prize.

Virtual machines
After participating in the design and implementation of the BETA Mjølner System, in 1991 he joined the Self group at Sun Microsystems Laboratories in Palo Alto, California. During his time there, he developed a programming environment for Self and added several enhancements to the virtual machine.

In 1994, he joined LongView Technologies LLC, where he designed and implemented high performance virtual machines for both Smalltalk and Java. After Sun Microsystems acquired LongView in 1997, Bak became engineering manager and technical lead in the HotSpot team at Sun's Java Software Division where he developed a high-performance Java virtual machine.

In 2002, after returning to Aarhus, Denmark, Bak founded OOVM, a company which developed software for mobile phones. In 2004, he sold it to a Swiss company, Esmertec.

In 2004, Bak joined Google to work on the Chrome browser. He did not return to the United States, preferring to work in Denmark where his daughters were also receiving their education. With a team of 12 engineers, Bak coordinated the development of the V8 JavaScript interpreter for Chrome, named after the V8 engine.

Bak co-developed the Dart programming language presented at the 2011 Goto conference in Aarhus, Denmark.

In 2017, Bak left Google and soon afterward co-founded a startup with Kasper Lund called Toit, which is building a new programming language called Toit and a platform for Internet of Things systems.

Patents
Bak holds 18 U.S. software patents in the field of virtual machines programming. In 2010, after Oracle bought Sun and with Lars Bak working for Google, Oracle sued Google for infringing on several software patents and amongst them was the "Interpreting Functions Utilizing a Hybrid of Virtual and Native Machine Instructions" patent filed by Lars Bak et al.

References

Living people
Danish computer programmers
Google employees
Sun Microsystems people
People from Aarhus
1965 births

Dahl–Nygaard Prize


Rhinoceros in Love is a Chinese play by Liao Yimei, originally directed by her husband Meng Jinghui in 1999, and subsequently performed more than 2,500 times and seen by more than a million people. The play was translated to English by Mark Talacko in 2012. A new English translation by Claire Conceison was commissioned by the BBC in 2014 for a radio play broadcast and was used for the surtitles for the play's US tours in 2017 and 2018.

The play describes the love of a rhinoceros feeder for a beautiful woman. It has been described as a 'classic drama' of modern Chinese theatre.

It is a production of the National Theatre Company of China.

In August 2012, it became the first play in the People's Republic of China (1949- ) to reach 1,000 performances.

References

External links
Rhinoceros in Love translated by Mark Talacko
 http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04lpqnn	BBC radio broadcast of "Rhinoceros in Love" in English

Chinese plays
1999 plays


Dick C. A. Bulterman (born 1951) is a senior researcher at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in Amsterdam, where he heads the Distributed Multimedia Languages and Interfaces theme. He is also a professor of computer science at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. Dr. Bulterman was President and CEO of FX Palo Alto Laboratory (FXPAL) from 2013–2015.

Dr. Bulterman has made fundamental contributions to the fields of computer science and multimedia systems development. As of 2011, he had an h-index of 25, and his publications had been cited more than 2,400 times. He has also made significant contributions to the development and specification of the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL).

Dr. Bulterman received a Ph.D. in computer science from Brown University (USA) in 1982. He also holds a Sc.M. in computer science from Brown University (1977) and a B.A. in economics from Hope College (1973). He is also a member of the Arts Council of the Protestant Church of Amsterdam. He was born in Amstelveen, The Netherlands, and lives with his family in Amsterdam.

References

External links
 Dick Bulterman's Web site at CWI.
 Dick Bulterman's Web site at FXPAL.

1951 births
Living people
Dutch computer scientists
Hope College alumni
Researchers in distributed computing
People from Amstelveen
Brown University alumni
Academic staff of Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam


The Very Best Of is a compilation album covering Scottish pop singer Jimmy Somerville's career in Bronski Beat, The Communards and as a solo artist. It was released in 2001 and reached number 29 in the UK Albums Chart.

The album features mostly the same tracks, although in a different order, to the 1990 compilation The Singles Collection 1984/1990. Only one  track from that album, "Run from Love", isn't featured on The Very Best and is replaced with the newer track "Hurt So Good".

Although Bronski Beat had three UK top 40 hits after Somerville's departure ("Hit That Perfect Beat", "C'mon C'mon" and "Cha Cha Heels") they are not included on the compilation as it is intended as a retrospective of Somerville's career.

In 2002, the compilation was re-released as a limited edition double CD set.

Track listing

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Certifications

iTunes charts performance
In August 2015 the album debuted on the German iTunes chart at number 12, while in August 2017 on the French equivalent it reached number 85.

The Collector's Edition of the set would make entries first in Brazil, reaching number 17 in May 2019, and later in France at number 41 as well at number 43 in Spain, both in May 2020. In the UK, the enhanced version peaked at number 48 in July 2021, in Italy at number 40 in April 2022, and in Germany at number 50 in June 2022.}

References

Jimmy Somerville compilation albums
Bronski Beat albums
The Communards albums
2001 greatest hits albums
London Records albums
Albums produced by Mike Thorne
Albums produced by Stephen Hague
Albums produced by Pascal Gabriel


James Walker Dawson (1870, India - 26 June 1927, Edinburgh) was a Scottish pathologist remembered for his work on multiple sclerosis including the description of the eponymous Dawson's fingers.

Biography
James Dawson started his medical training at the University of Edinburgh in 1888, but had to interrupt his studies due to tuberculosis. He spent 13 years overseas, mainly in India, the United States, Canada and New Zealand, and worked as a lumberjack and sheep farmer during that time. In 1903 he resumed his training, and graduated MB CM the next year. He started research into disorders of the nervous system at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh under Alexander Bruce. In 1907 he presented a thesis for the Syme Surgical Fellowship which was awarded in 1910. In 1911 he was awarded his MD with a gold medal for his thesis Studies on Inflammation. He was unable to serve in World War I due to ill health, so taught pathology at the University of Edinburgh.

Bruce died unexpectedly, and Dawson continued the research on his own. In 1916 he published a landmark paper on the histology of "disseminated sclerosis", describing the distribution and stages of lesions, reviewing theories on the aetiology and describing the inflammatory process seen in the disease. This work formed the basis for his DSc thesis in the same year. In his book The Founders of Neurology which was published in 1953, W. Haymaker stated that little had been added to this work in the intervening 40 years.

He declined a number of appointments, again due to ill health, and continued working as a histologist in the laboratory at the Royal College of Physicians in Edinburgh. He produced publications including work on multiple neuromata of the central nervous system, generalised osteitis fibrosa, melanomata and syringomyelia. He became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1924, and also published an address on The Spirit of Leisure and the Spirit of Work which was presented to Edinburgh medical students for many years. He was preparing three Morison Lectures for presentation to the Royal College of Physicians at the time of his death in 1927.

James Dawson was married to Edith Kate Dawson, who was also a pathologist of international repute.

External links

References

1870 births
1927 deaths
Scottish pathologists
Scottish people of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Scottish medical historians
Histologists
20th-century Scottish historians
British people in colonial India


Gerhart Rudolf Baum (born 28 October 1932) is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) and a lawyer.

Early life and education
Gerhart Baum was born to a German father and a Russian mother. His paternal ancestors, whose roots lay in Plauen in the Saxon Vogtland, originally worked as craftsmen before later generations were able to pursue academic professions. His mother was born in Moscow; her own mother was from Łódź and of Polish ethnicity and her Ukrainian-born father was originally from Kharkiv. In 1917, her family had fled from Russia to Germany as a result of the October Revolution. In his childhood Baum was a forced member of the Hitler Youth. After the bombing of Dresden, his mother left the city in February 1945 and fled with her three children to Lake Tegernsee in Bavaria. His father, who had fought on the Eastern Front during the war, was captured by the Soviets and later died in captivity. In 1950, Baum's family moved to Cologne.

After graduating from school in 1953, Baum studied law at the University of Cologne and subsequently worked as a lawyer.

Political career
Baum been a member of the FDP since 1954.

From 1978 until 1982, Baum served as Federal Minister of the Interior in the government of Chancellor Helmut Schmidt. During his time in office, he liberalized routine loyalty investigations of candidates for public‐service jobs, a controversial practice intended to control radical activity that had led to a profound and disruptive debate about the extent of democracy in West Germany. In 1981, with the backing of economics minister Otto Graf Lambsdorff, he asked the German car industry to agree on goals to tighten emissions standards and cut fuel consumption on a voluntary basis.

Following the collapse of the social–liberal coalition, Baum – alongside fellow FDP ministers Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Lambsdorff, and Josef Ertl – stepped down on 18 September 1982.

Life after politics
Between 2000 and 2001, Baum and two other lawyers together represented about three-quarters of the Air France Flight 4590 crash victims' families. In May 2001, they reached a monetary settlement for compensation from Air France. According to people familiar with terms of the settlement, it was between $100 million and $125 million (114.1 million euros and 142.6 million euros), an extraordinarily high sum for a plane-crash settlement in Europe at the time.

From 2001 to 2003, Baum served as UN Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Sudan.

In 2006, Baum presented a press freedom award to Berliner Zeitung for its resistance to an unpopular takeover by David Montgomery’s Mecom Group.

In 2009, Germany's national railway company Deutsche Bahn commissioned Baum and former justice minister Herta Däubler-Gmelin with investigating allegations according to which the company had, in violation of privacy laws and corporate guidelines repeatedly and on a large scale compared personal data of its employees with those of suppliers, in a bid to uncover possible corruption.

In 2016, Baum joined members of the Green Party, lawyers, a journalist and a doctor in bringing suits against Germany's 2009 antiterrorism law before the Federal Constitutional Court, arguing that covert surveillance, particularly in private homes and in the intimacy of bedrooms or bathrooms, could entangle innocent third parties. In a 6-to-2 vote, the court ruled that the antiterrorism laws were partly unconstitutional and demanded tighter control over surveillance.

In 2022, shortly before the 50th anniversary of the 1972 Munich massacre, Dutch lawyers Carry and Alexander Knoops asked Baum to intervene in the negotiations between the victims’ families and the government of Chancellor Olaf Scholz, which eventually resulted in a compensation offer totalling 28 million euros ($28 million).

Other activities
 Kunststiftung NRW, member of the board of trustees
 Stiftung Menschenrechte, member of the council
 Green Helmets, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Theodor Heuss Foundation, member of the board of trustees
 United Nations Association of Germany (DGVN), member of the presidium
 Stichting Volkswagen Car Claim, president of the advisory board

Recognition
 2009 Erich-Fromm-Preis
 2023 Knight Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

Selected works
Die Finanzkrise und ihre Folgen für die Bevölkerung. Anforderungen an einen verbesserten Verbraucherschutz, in:
Die Grundrechte im Spannungsverhältnis von Sicherheit und Freiheit, in:

References

Interior ministers of Germany
1932 births
University of Cologne alumni
Living people
20th-century German lawyers
German people of Russian descent
German people of Polish descent
German people of Ukrainian descent
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Members of the Bundestag for North Rhine-Westphalia
Members of the Bundestag 1990–1994
Members of the Bundestag 1987–1990
Members of the Bundestag 1983–1987
Members of the Bundestag 1980–1983
Members of the Bundestag 1976–1980
Members of the Bundestag 1972–1976
Parliamentary State Secretaries of Germany
Politicians from Dresden
Politicians from Cologne
21st-century German lawyers


Felix the Cat is a cartoon character created in the silent era by Pat Sullivan and Otto Messmer.

Felix the Cat may also refer to:

 Felix the Cat (TV series), the 1950s TV series created by Joe Oriolo featuring Felix
 Felix the Cat: The Movie, a 1988 movie based on the classic cartoon and TV series
 Felix the Cat (video game), a 1992 video game based on the cartoon
 Felix the Cat (mascot), the oldest high school mascot in Indiana, for Logansport High School

People
 Félix Potvin or Félix "the Cat" Potvin (born 1971), retired NHL goaltender
 Felix da Housecat (born 1971), American DJ

See also
 Felix the Cat's Cartoon Toolbox, a 1994 computer application, including characters from the TV show
 The Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat, a 1995 TV series developed by Don Oriolo
 Baby Felix, a 2000 anime series featuring infant versions of the TV characters


Colonel Nguyễn Văn Nghĩa (born 1946) was a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 pilot of the Vietnamese People's Air Force, he flew with the 927th fighter regiment and tied for fifth place amongst Vietnam War fighter aces with five kills.

The following kills are known to be credited to him by the VPAF:
 23 June 1972, an F-4 Phantom (U.S. side does not confirm);
 24 June 1972, a USAF F-4C (serial number 66-7636, 25th Tactical Fighter Squadron), pilot McCarty (KIA), WSO Jackson (POW);
 6 October 1972, a USAF F-4E, pilot White, WSO Egge (both rescued);
 24 November 1972, Ryan 147 Firebee/Lightning Bug drone;
 23 December 1972, an F-4 Phantom (U.S. side does not confirm).

See also
 List of Vietnam War flying aces

References

Bibliography

North Vietnamese military personnel of the Vietnam War
North Vietnamese Vietnam War flying aces
Living people
1946 births


This is a list of seasons completed by the Central Missouri Mules basketball team.

Note that Central Missouri uses the nickname "Mules" exclusively for men's sports. Women's athletes and teams are known as "Jennies".

References

Central Missouri Mules
Central Missouri Mules basketball seasons


The Coyote is the official mascot of the San Antonio Spurs, a professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). First introduced in 1983, he was inducted into the Mascot Hall of Fame in 2007.

History
The Coyote was first introduced in public at a San Antonio Spurs game on April 13, 1983. He's known for his slapstick comedy routine, including impromptu interactions with game officials during time-outs, rehearsed skits and dance numbers with the Silver Dancers (the Spurs cheerleading team), as well as for his trick filled antics, such as riding a unicycle, pulling his eyes off, dribbling a ball with his feet or spinning a ball on a pen.

Outside of his presence in arena at games the Coyote performs at over 400 community appearances per year, which is noted as being more than any other mascot in the NBA. Over the years he has also been featured in numerous local San Antonio area TV commercials and appeared on national morning shows, including Live with Regis and Kathie Lee.

The Coyote concept was created by Tim Derk, who also performed the role for the first 21 years — appearing in more than 1,100 games and making over 4,000 community appearances — before suffering a stroke that forced him to leave the job on February 13, 2004. During his time as Coyote, Derk was credited with inventing the T-Shirt Cannon Derk went on to be named Manager of Mascot Development by Spurs Sports & Entertainment six months later.

The Coyote won several awards for his performances throughout the years. In 2006, he was named Best Mascot of the Year 2005 by the website Gameops.com. In 2007, he was inducted into the Mascot Hall of Fame, in recognition of his hard work on and off the court. In 2014 and 2020, he was named Best Mascot of the Year by his fellow mascots.

References

External links
 The Coyote at San Antonio Spurs official website
 The Coyote at Mascot Hall of Fame official website

National Basketball Association mascots
San Antonio Spurs
Canine mascots


Silverwood is an unincorporated community on the border of Rich Township, Lapeer County and Dayton Township, Tuscola County in Michigan at .

History
When the narrow gauge Port Huron and Northwestern Railway was built through here in 1882, the residents applied for a post office. One suggested naming it something easy to remember, and the post office named "Easy" opened on 13 April 1882, with James R. Chapin as the first postmaster. The name changed to "Rollo" on 27 March 1890, and changed again on 2 May 1892 to "Silverwood", after the nearby stands of white pine.  A subdivision plat for the Village of Silverwood was filed on 19 July 1899. The Pere Marquette Railroad purchased the Port Huron and Northwestern Railway and changed its rails to standard gauge.

Government
Silverwood as an unincorporated community has no government of its own, so is governed by whichever township that part of the community is within. Silverwood is served by the Mayville Community School District as well as other nearby school districts.  The Silverwood-based post office, with ZIP code 48760, also serves the northeast portion of Rich Township, as well as the southeast portion of Dayton Township, and small areas in Koylton Township in Tuscola County, and Burlington Township in Lapeer County.

Sources

Unincorporated communities in Lapeer County, Michigan
Unincorporated communities in Tuscola County, Michigan
Populated places established in 1882
Unincorporated communities in Michigan


The history of high-rise buildings in Columbia, South Carolina began with the construction of the National Loan and Exchange Bank Building in 1903. A decade later, the Palmetto Building was built across the street, becoming the tallest in the state. During the 1970s and 80s, Columbia experienced a building boom, which brought economic growth to the region, including several of the city's tallest buildings.

The following table shows the fifteen tallest buildings in Columbia, South Carolina.

Tallest buildings

References

Tallest skyscrapers in Columbia, South Carolina

Buildings and structures in Columbia, South Carolina
Columbia
Tallest in Columbia


Marco Polo is a 2007 American made-for-television historical adventure film directed by Kevin Connor, starring Ian Somerhalder, BD Wong and Brian Dennehy. In the 13th century, imprisoned in Genoa, Marco Polo, a Venetian trader, recounts his days as a young man in China to a fellow prisoner who is dying. He reminisces about his fantastic adventures, his rise to governorship in Kublai Khan's court in Mongolia, his love for a kidnapped concubine and his escape back to Italy as a wealthy man.

Cast
 Ian Somerhalder as Marco Polo
 BD Wong as Pedro
 Desiree Ann Siahaan as Temulun / Kensai
 Brian Dennehy as Kublai Khan
 Lim Kay Tong as Lord Chenchu
 Christian Lee as Cogatai
 Yan Luo as Chabi
 Michael Chow as Chi
 Mark Jax as Niccolo Polo
 Alan Shearman as Maffeo Polo
 Michael O'Hagan as Old Marco Polo
 Ramin Razaghi Sefati as Persian Physician (credited as Rumin Razagh)
 Jiaolong Sun as Chonggu (credited as Sun Jiao Long)
 Zi Ge Fang as Achmath (credited as Fang Ge)
 Rodger Bumpass as Rustigielo
 Baljinnyamyn Amarsaikhan as Arig

External links

2007 television films
2007 films
2000s historical adventure films
Cultural depictions of Kublai Khan
Films about Marco Polo
Films set in the Yuan dynasty
Films set in the 13th century
Films directed by Kevin Connor
Films scored by Ken Thorne


Medical journalism is news reporting (as opposed to peer-review publication) of medical news and features. Medical journalism is diverse, and reflects its audience. The main division is into (1) medical journalism for the general public, which includes medical coverage in general news publications and in specialty medical publications, and (2) medical journalism for doctors and other professionals, which often appears in peer-reviewed journals. The accuracy of medical journalism varies widely. Reviews of mass media publications have graded most stories unsatisfactory, although there were examples of excellence. Other reviews have found that most errors in mass media publications were the result of repeating errors in the original journal articles or their press releases. Some web sites, such as Columbia Journalism Review and Hippocrates Med Review, publish and review medical journalism.

Sources
Medical journalism can come from a variety of sources including:
 Television news programs
 Newspapers
 Internet websites
 Scientific journals (those that report health- and medical-related news)

Accuracy

Most inaccuracies and speculations in news coverage can be attributed to several barriers between the scientific community and the general public that include lack of knowledge by reporters, lack of time to prepare a proper report, and lack of space in the publication. Most news articles fail to discuss important issues such as evidence quality, costs, and risks versus benefits. However, medical journalism is not only what is being commercialized and covered by news and mass media. There is also another extensive, more academic branch of medical journalism which is based on evidence. Evidence-based research is more accurate and thus it is a much more reliable source than medical news disseminated by tabloids. Medical journalism in this regard is a professional field and is often disregarded. There are also some medical journalism institutions that provide assistance to medical researchers to enable them to perform more reliable studies. A 2009 study found small improvements in some areas of medical reporting in Australia, but the overall quality remained poor, particularly in commercial human-interest television programs.

More recently, the use of medical writers has become more popular as a way to produce medical literature that is clear, concise, and easier to read by the lay person.

The ICMJE, International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, is a committee that specifically deals with this kind of issue.  This organization is committed to keeping medical reporting as true as possible by setting a standard known as URM, or the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts.  These requirements do not only specify technical points such as bibliographical references and copyrights but also regarding ethical issues that may arise.  For example, a submitter must disclose any personal or professional relationships that might even slightly have a bearing on the submitted work.

To this end, it is not uncommon for researchers to hold a press conference or interviews before publishing significant research to prevent any misconstruing of any data or methods.

Conflict of interest

Between scientists and journalists
A large gap divides the scientific and journalist communities when it comes to deciding what is newsworthy.  The ongoing nature of peer review in the scientific community makes it difficult to report interesting advances in scientific discovery. Consequently, this can create a focus on the negative aspects of medicine and science; causing journalists to report on the mistakes of doctors or misconstruing the results of research. However, journalists are not the only ones to fault as scientists have also broadcast their promising initial research to the media in attempts to secure future funding. For example, research done by George Washington University in 1993 on in-vitro fertilization was warped by the media into a horrific foray into human cloning.

Due to corporate influence
Medical journalists also face challenges due to potential conflicts of interest. The pharmaceutical industry has sponsored journalism contests that carry large prizes in cash or in overseas trips. The Association of Health Care Journalists (AHCJ) urges journalists to consider these contests carefully before entering, and most journalists avoid them. The Center for Excellence in Health Care Journalism, the supporting 501(c)(3) for AHCJ, does not accept industry funding. The National Association of Science Writers does not accept such funding. The changing nature of news media has caused more reporters to work freelance, outside of traditional news organizations such as major metropolitan newspapers, which may have created more ways to sidestep conflict-of-interest standards, and the rise of blogs has allowed nontraditional providers of news that lack these standards entirely.

There is also the effect of direct corporate investments in research funding.  While appreciated by scientists, this may cause conflicts with journalists that see this as profiteering.

Reviews

Sources for evaluating health care media coverage include the review websites Behind the Headlines, Health News Review, and Media Doctor (see External links), along with specialized academic journals such as the Journal of Health Communication. Reviews can also appear in the American Journal of Public Health, the Columbia Journalism Review, Ben Goldacre's "Bad Science" column in The Guardian, and others. Health News Review has published criteria for rating news stories.

Effects on the general public
Although medical news articles often deliver public health messages effectively, they often convey wrong or misleading information about health care, partly when reporters do not know or cannot convey the results of clinical studies, and partly when they fail to supply reasonable context. This can result in unrealistic expectations due to coverage of radical medical procedures and experimental technology. Mass media news outlets can also create a "communications storm" to shift attention to a single health issue.  The lack of health knowledge in the general public creates a situation where a person can be easily swayed to a certain point of view that is cast in the manner in which information is reported. Consequently, this can create a potentially unhealthy focus on an illness that in actuality is relatively rare.

Medical journalism can also influence an individual's quality of health care. Due to the relative ease at which information can be obtained on the internet, many people will now question doctors on new medications and treatments for their conditions. In more extreme cases, people will compare their symptoms, real or imagined, to various illnesses in attempts to diagnose themselves. There have been a few recent studies that have tried to explore the availability of health information as complement to health care or as a substitute yet no direct relationships have been found. This is most likely caused by a lack of knowledge or a lack of the ability in the individual to apply the health information once found resulting in seeking health care.

Training
Only a handful of universities and institutes globally offer undergraduate, postgraduate or diploma level programs related to medical journalism. Boston University via its College of Communication conducts a Science and Medical Journalism program leading to a Master of Science degree.

See also
 Medical writing
 Science by press conference
 Social determinants of health

References

External links

Behind the Headlines (UK)
Health News Review (U.S.)
How to Read Articles about Health and Healthcare by Alicia White
Medical Journalists' Association (UK)

Types of journalism


Woothampatti Punnaivana Ayya Soundarapandian (15 September 1893 – 22 February 1953) was a leading figure in Nadar Mahajana Sangam and became the first Nadar member of the Madras Legislative Council upon a recommendation by P.T. Rajan in 1920. Nadar's family had previously supported and worked for the electoral victory of P.T.Rajan. He is known for his effort to associate the Nadar community with the Self-Respect Movement founded by Periyar E. V. Ramasamy. He was known as the uncrowned king of the Nadar community.

Background

Nadar came from a prominent coffee planter family that owned estates near Kodaikanal. He was the principal leader of the Nadars from the 1920s to 1930's.

Career

Nadar served as a member of the Madras Legislative Council from 1920 to 1937. He represented the interests of the Nadar community in the Justice Party as well as the council. He also served as the President of the Ramnad District board from 1928 to 1930 and Madura District Board from 1943 to 1947.

Social activism

Invoking the ideologies of Periyar, he urged Nadars to advocate Self-Respect marriages and inter-caste dining. He was selected by Periyar as the president of the first self-respect conference held in 1929. It is also rumoured that he had provided financial support for the Anti-Hindi agitation of 1937-40. Acknowledging the agitation's popular support, Lord Erskine, the then Governor of Madras wrote to Viceroy Linlithgow in July 1938 that "Compulsory Hindi has been the cause of great trouble in this province and is certainly contrary to the wishes of the bulk of the population..."

Social Reform

Nadar also worked for the upliftment of Dalits, Tiyyas and for other social causes. He succeeded in putting an end to the Kamudi punitive tax.

Later life

The Justice Party government of the Raja of Bobbili (1932–36) was infamous throughout the province for its corruption and misgovernance . Hence, by the mid-1930s, despite Soundarapandian's personal charisma, the influence of the Justice Party began to wane. Moreover, the social reform measures such as the Temple Entry Authorization and Indemnity Act of 1939 introduced by the Indian National Congress government of C. Rajagopalachari and the rise of the Indian National Congress leader K. Kamaraj within the ranks of the Nadar community triggered Soundarapandian Nadar's political decline. By the time, Kamaraj became the President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee in the early 1940s, most of the Nadar community leaders had shifted their allegiance to the Indian National Congress and supported the Indian Independence Movement. [[File:

|thumb|Picture of W P A Soundarapandian Nadar]]

Commemoration

Pondy Bazaar, Chennai's principal shopping district is believed to have been named after Soundarapandian Nadar. A statue of the leader has been erected at the entrance of the bazaar and recently, a signboard was set up with the bazaar's name mentioned as "Soundarapandian Angadi". The bronze statue was sculpted by Nagappa Jagannathan and unvailed by Government of Kalaignar Karunanidhi in presence of Thiru Sivandi Adathinar.He was also active in setting up schools etc. for the Nadar community in his home town, kayamozhi. He is also referred to as 'The Uncrowned King of the Nadar Community' in many books and papers related to the Self Respect Movement. He was also instrumental in setting up the coffee co operative curing works in Pattiveeranpatti. His descendants continue to live in Pattiveeranpatti.

Notes

References

Dravidian movement
Tamil activists
Tamil Nadu politicians
Anti-Brahminism
1893 births
1953 deaths
People from Dindigul district


Gaetano Fichera (8 February 1922 – 1 June 1996) was an Italian mathematician, working in mathematical analysis, linear elasticity, partial differential equations and several complex variables. He was born in Acireale, and died in Rome.

Biography
He was born in Acireale, a town near Catania in Sicily, the elder of the four sons of Giuseppe Fichera and Marianna Abate. His father Giuseppe was a professor of mathematics and influenced the young Gaetano starting his lifelong passion. In his young years he was a talented football player. On 1 February 1943 he was in the Italian Army and during the events of September 1943 he was taken prisoner by the Nazist troops, kept imprisoned in Teramo and then sent to Verona: he succeeded in escaping from there and reached the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, spending with partisans the last year of war. After the war he was first in Rome and then in Trieste, where he met Matelda Colautti, who became his wife in 1952.

Education and academic career
After graduating from the liceo classico in only two years, he entered the University of Catania at the age of 16, being there from 1937 to 1939 and studying under Pia Nalli. Then he went to the university of Rome, where in 1941 he earned his laurea with magna cum laude under the direction of Mauro Picone, when he was only 19. He was immediately appointed by Picone as an assistant professor to his chair and as a researcher at the Istituto Nazionale per le Applicazioni del Calcolo, becoming his pupil. After the war he went back to Rome working with Mauro Picone: in 1948 he became "Libero Docente" (free professor) of mathematical analysis and in 1949 he was appointed as full professor at the University of Trieste. As he remembers in , in both cases one of the members of the judging commission was Renato Caccioppoli, which become a close friend of him. From 1956 onward he was full professor at the University of Rome in the chair of mathematical analysis and then at the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica in the chair of higher analysis, succeeding to Luigi Fantappiè. He retired from university teaching in 1992, but was professionally very active until his death in 1996: particularly, as a member of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei and first director of the journal Rendiconti Lincei – Matematica e Applicazioni, he succeeded in reviving its reputation.

Honours
He was member of several academies, notably of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, the Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL and of the Russian Academy of Science.

Teachers
His lifelong friendship with his teacher Mauro Picone is remembered by him in several occasions. As recalled by , his father Giuseppe was an assistant professor to the chair of Picone while he was teaching at the University of Catania: they become friends and their friendship lasted even when Giuseppe was forced to leave the academic career for economic reasons, being already the father of two sons, until Giuseppe's death. The young, in effect child, Gaetano, was kept by Picone in his arms. From 1939 to 1941 the young Fichera developed his research directly under the supervision of Picone: as he remembers, it was a time of intense work. But also, when he was back from the front in April 1945 he met Picone while he was in Roma in his way back to Sicily, and his advisor was so happy to see him as a father can be seeing its living child. Another mathematician Fichera was influenced by and acknowledged as one of his teachers and inspirators was Pia Nalli: she was an outstanding analyst, teaching for several years at the University of Catania, being his teacher of mathematical analysis from 1937 to 1939. Antonio Signorini and Francesco Severi were two of Fichera's teachers of the Roman period: the first one introduced him and inspired his research in the field of linear elasticity while the second inspired his research in the field he taught him i.e. the theory of analytic functions of several complex variables. Signorini had a strong long-time friendship with Picone: on a wall of the apartment building where they lived, in Via delle Tre Madonne, 18 in Rome, a memorial tablet which commemorates the two friends is placed, as  recalls. The two great mathematicians extended their friendship to the young Fichera, and as a consequence this led to the solution of the Signorini problem and the foundation of the theory of variational inequalities. Fichera's relations with Severi were not as friendly as with Signorini and Picone: nevertheless, Severi, which was one of the most influential Italian mathematicians of the first half of the 20th century, esteemed the young mathematician. During a course on the theory of analytic functions of several complex variables taught at the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica from the fall of 1956 and the beginning of the 1957, whose lectures were collected in the book , Severi posed the problem of generalizing his theorem on the Dirichlet problem for holomorphic function of several variables, as  recalls: the result was the paper , which is a masterpiece, although not generally acknowledged for various reasons described by . Other scientists he had as teachers during the period 1939–1941 were Enrico Bompiani, Leonida Tonelli and Giuseppe Armellini: he remembered them with great respect and admiration, even if he did not share all their opinions and ideas, as  recalls.

Friends
A complete list of Fichera's friends includes some of the best scientists and mathematicians of the 20th century: Olga Oleinik, Olga Ladyzhenskaya, Israel Gel'fand, Ivan Petrovsky, Vladimir Maz'ya, Nikoloz Muskhelishvili, Ilia Vekua, Richard Courant, Fritz John, Kurt Friedrichs, Peter Lax, Louis Nirenberg, Ronald Rivlin, Hans Lewy, Clifford Truesdell, Edmund Hlawka, Ian Sneddon, Jean Leray, Alexander Weinstein, Alexander Ostrowski, Renato Caccioppoli, Solomon Mikhlin, Paul Naghdi, Marston Morse were among his friends, scientific collaborators and correspondents, just to name a few. He built up such a network of contacts being invited several times to lecture on his research by various universities and research institutions, and also participating to several academic conferences, always upon invitation. This long series of scientific journeys started in 1951, when he went to the USA together with his master and friend Mauro Picone and Bruno de Finetti in order to examine the capabilities and characteristics of the first electronic computers and purchase one for the Istituto Nazionale per le Applicazioni del Calcolo: the machine they advised to purchase was the first computer ever working in Italy. The most complete source about his friends and collaborators is the book  by his wife Matelda: in those reference it is also possible to find a fairly complete description of Gaetano Fichera's scientific journeys.

The close friendship between Angelo Pescarini and Fichera has not his roots in their scientific interests: it is another war story. As  recalls, Gaetano, being escaped from Verona and hidden in a convent in Alfonsine, tried to get in touch with the local group of partisans in order to help the people of that town who had been so helpful with him: they were informed about an assistant professor to the chair of higher analysis in Rome who was trying to reach them. Angelo, which was a student of mathematics at the University of Bologna under Gianfranco Cimmino, a former pupil of Mauro Picone, was charged of the task of testing the truth of Gaetano's assertions, examining him in mathematics: his question was:– "Mi sai dire una condizione sufficiente per scambiare un limite con un integrale (Can you give me a sufficient condition for interchanging limit and integration)?"–. Gaetano quickly answered:– "Non solo ti darò la condizione sufficiente, ma ti darò anche la condizione necessaria e pure per insiemi non-limitati (I can give you not only a sufficient condition, but also a necessary condition, and not only for bounded domains, but also for unbounded domains)"–. In effect, Fichera proved such a theorem in the paper , his latest paper written in while he was in Rome before joining the army: from that moment on he often used to joke saying that good mathematicians can always have a good application, even for saving one's life.

One of his best friends and appreciated scientific collaborator was Olga Arsenievna Oleinik: she cured the redaction of his last posthumous paper , as  recalls. Also, she used to discuss his work with Gaetano, as he did with her: sometimes their discussion become lively, but nothing more, since they were extremely good friends and estimators of each one's work.

Work

Research activity
He is the author of more than 250 papers and 18 books (monographs and course notes): his work concerns mainly the fields of pure and applied mathematics listed below. A common characteristic to all of his research is the use of the methods of functional analysis to prove existence, uniqueness and approximation theorems for the various problems he studied, and also a high consideration of the analytic problems related to problems in applied mathematics.

Mathematical theory of elasticity
His work in elasticity theory includes the paper , where Fichera proves the "Fichera's maximum principle", his work on variational inequalities. The work on this last topic started with the paper , where he announced the existence and uniqueness theorem for the Signorini problem, and ended with the following one , where the full proof was published: those papers are the founding works of the field of variational inequalities, as remarked by Stuart Antman in . Concerning the Saint-Venant's principle, he was able to prove it using a variational approach and a slight variation of a technique employed by Richard Toupin to study the same problem: in the paper  there is a complete proof of the principle under the hypothesis that the base of the cylinder is a set with piecewise smooth boundary. Also he is known for his researches in the theory of hereditary elasticity: the paper  emphasizes the necessity of analyzing very well the constitutive equations of materials with memory in order to introduce models where an existence and uniqueness theorems can be proved in such a way that the proof does not rely on an implicit choice of the topology of the function space where the problem is studied. At last, it is worth to mention that Clifford Truesdell invited him to write the contributions  and  for Siegfried Flügge's Handbuch der Physik.

Partial differential equations
He was one of the pioneers in the development of the abstract approach through functional analysis in order to study general boundary value problems for linear partial differential equations proving in the paper  a theorem similar in spirit to the Lax–Milgram theorem. He studied deeply the mixed boundary value problem i.e. a boundary value problem where the boundary has to satisfy a mixed boundary condition: in his first paper on the topic, , he proves the first existence theorem for the mixed boundary problem for self-adjoint operators of  variables, while in the paper  he proves the same theorem dropping the hypothesis of self-adjointness. He is, according to , the founder of the theory of partial differential equations of non-positive characteristics: in the paper  he introduced the now called Fichera's function, in order to identify subsets of the boundary of the domain where the boundary value problem for such kind of equations is posed, where it is necessary or not to specify the boundary condition: another account of the theory can be found in the paper , which is written in English and was later translated in Russian and Hungarian.

Calculus of variation
His contributions to the calculus of variation are mainly devoted to the proof of existence and uniqueness theorems for maxima and minima of functionals of particular form, in conjunction with his studies on variational inequalities and linear elasticity in theoretical and applied problems: in the paper  a semicontinuity theorem for a functional introduced in the same paper is proved in order to solve the Signorini problem, and this theorem was extended in  to the case where the given functional has general linear operators as arguments, not necessarily partial differential operators.

Functional analysis and eigenvalue theory

It is difficult to single out his contributions to functional analysis since, as stated at the beginning of this section, the methods of functional analysis are ubiquitous in his research: however, it is worth to remember paper , where an important existence theorem is proved.

His contributions in the field of eigenvalue theory began with the paper , where he formalizes a method developed by Mauro Picone for the approximation of eigenvalues of operators subject only to the condition that their inverse is compact: however, as he admits in , this method does not give any estimate on the approximation error on the value of the calculated (approximated) eigenvalues.

He contributed also to the classical eigenvalue problem for symmetric operators, introducing the method of orthogonal invariants.

Approximation theory
His work in this field is mainly related to the study of systems of functions, possibly being particular solutions of a given partial differential equation or system of such equations, in order to prove their completeness on the boundary of a given domain. The interest of this research is obvious: given such a system of functions, every solution of a boundary value problem can be approximated by an infinite series or Fourier type integral in the topology of a given function space. One of the most famous examples of this kind of theorem is Mergelyan's theorem, which completely solves the problem in the class of holomorphic functions for a compact set in the complex plane. In his paper , Fichera studies this problem for harmonic functions, relaxing the smoothness requirements on the boundary in the already cited work : a survey on his and others' work in this area, including contributions of Mauro Picone, Bernard Malgrange, Felix Browder and a number of other mathematicians, is contained in the paper . Another branch of his studies on approximation theory is strictly tied to complex analysis in one variable, and to the already cited Mergelyan's theorem: he studied the problem of approximating continuous functions on a compact set (and analytic on its interior if this is non-void) of the complex plane by rational functions with prescribed poles, simple or not. The paper  surveys the contribution to the solution of this and related problems by Sergey Mergelyan, Lennart Carleson, Gábor Szegő as well as others, including his own.

Potential theory
His contributions to potential theory are very important. The results of his paper  occupy paragraph 24 of chapter II of the textbook , as remarked by in . Also, his researches  and  on the asymptotic behaviour of the electric field near singular points of the conducting surface, widely known among the specialists (as several works of V.G. Maz'ya, S.A. Nazarov, B.A. Plamenevsky, B.W. Schulze and others testify) can be included in between his works in potential theory.

Measure and integration theory
His main contributions to those topics and are the papers  and . In the first one he proves that a condition on a sequence of integrable functions previously introduced by Mauro Picone is both necessary and sufficient in order to assure that limit process and the integration process commute, both in bounded and unbounded domains: the theorem is similar in spirit to the dominated convergence theorem, which however only states a sufficient condition. The second paper contains an extension of the Lebesgue's decomposition theorem to finitely additive measures: this extension required him to generalize the Radon–Nikodym derivative, requiring it to be a set function belonging to a given class and minimizing a particular functional.

Complex analysis of functions of one and several variables
He contributed to both the classical topic of complex analysis in one variable and the more recent one of complex analysis in several variables. His contributions to complex analysis in one variable are essentially approximation results, well described in the survey paper . In the field of functions of several complex variables, his contributions were outstanding, but also not generally acknowledged. Precisely, in the paper  he solved the Dirichlet problem for holomorphic function of several variables under the hypothesis that the boundary of the domain  has a Hölder continuous normal vector (i.e. it belongs to the  class) and the Dirichlet boundary condition is a function belonging to the Sobolev space  satisfying the weak form of the tangential Cauchy–Riemann condition, extending a previous result of Francesco Severi: this theorem and the Lewy–Kneser theorem on the local Cauchy problem for holomorphic functions of several variables, laid the foundations of the theory of CR-functions. Another important result is his proof in  of an extension of Morera's theorem to functions of several complex variables, under the hypothesis that the given function  is only locally integrable: previous proofs under more restrictive assumptions were given by Francesco Severi in  and Salomon Bochner in . He also studied the properties of the real part and imaginary part of functions of several complex variables, i.e. pluriharmonic functions: starting from the paper  he gives a trace condition analogous to the tangential Cauchy–Riemann condition for the solvability of the Dirichlet problem for pluriharmonic functions in the paper , and generalizes a theorem of Luigi Amoroso to the complex vector space  for  complex variables in the paper . Also he was able to prove that an integro-differential equation defined on the boundary of a smooth domain by Luigi Amoroso in his cited paper, the Amoroso integro-differential equation, is a necessary and sufficient condition for the solvability of the Dirichlet problem for pluriharmonic functions when this domain is the sphere in .

Exterior differential forms
His contributions to the theory of exterior differential forms started as a war story: having read a famous memoir of Enrico Betti (where Betti numbers were introduced) just before joining the army, he used this knowledge in order to develop a theory of exterior differential forms while he was kept prisoner in Teramo jail. When he was back in Rome in 1945, he discussed his discovery with Enzo Martinelli, who very tactfully informed him that the idea was already developed by mathematicians Élie Cartan and Georges de Rham. However, he continued work on this theory, contributing with several papers, and also advised all of his students to study it, despite from the fact of being an analyst, as he remarks: his main results are collected in the papers  and . In the first one he introduced -measures, a concept less general than currents but easier to work with: his aim was to clarify the analytic structure of currents and to prove all relevant results of the theory i.e. the three theorems of de Rham and Hodge theorem on harmonic forms in a simpler, more analytic way. In the second one he developed an abstract Hodge theory, following the axiomatic method, proving an abstract form of Hodge theorem.

Numerical analysis
As noted in the "Functional analysis and eigenvalue theory" section, his main direct contribution to the field of numerical analysis is the introduction of the method of orthogonal invariants for the calculus of eigenvalues of symmetric operators: however, as already remarked, it is hard to find something in his works which is not related to applications. His works on partial differential equations and linear elasticity have always a constructive aim: for example, the results of paper , which deals with the asymptotic analysis of the potential, were included in the book  and led to the definition of the Fichera corner problem as a standard benchmark problem for numerical methods. Another example of his work on quantitative problems is the interdisciplinary study , surveyed in , where methods of mathematical analysis and numerical analysis are applied to a problem posed by biological sciences.

History of mathematics
his work in this field occupy all the volume . He wrote bibliographical sketches for a number of mathematicians, both teachers, friends and collaborators, including Mauro Picone, Luigi Fantappiè, Pia Nalli, Maria Adelaide Sneider, Renato Caccioppoli, Solomon Mikhlin, Francesco Tricomi, Alexander Weinstein, Aldo Ghizzetti. His historical works contain several observations against the so-called historical revisitation: the meaning of this concept is clearly stated in the paper . He identifies with the word revisitation the analysis of historical facts basing only on modern conceptions and points of view: this kind of analysis differs from the "true" historical one since it is heavily affected by the historian's point of view. The historian applying this kind of methodology to history of mathematics, and more generally to the history of science, emphasizes the sources that have led a field to its modern shape, neglecting the efforts of the pioneers.

Selected publications
A selection of Gaetano Fichera's works was published respectively by the Unione Matematica Italiana and the Accademia Pontaniana in his "opere scelte"  and in the volume . These two references include most of the papers listed in this section: however, these volumes does not include his monographs and textbooks, as well as several survey papers on various topic pertaining to his fields of research.

Papers

Research papers
. In this article, Fichera proves a necessary and sufficient condition for the exchange of the limit and the integration operations for sequences of functions, in the spirit of Henri Lebesgue's Dominated convergence theorem (which, however states only a sufficient condition).
. A classical paper in potential theory.
. In this paper, Gaetano Fichera gives the first proofs of existence and uniqueness theorems for the mixed boundary value problem involving a general second order selfadjoint elliptic operators in fairly general domains.
. This paper is an important contribution to measure theory: the Radon–Nikodym theorem is extended in order to include singular finitely additive measures in its range of applicability.
. The paper Some recent developments of the theory of boundary value problems for linear partial differential equations details Fichera's approach to a general theory of boundary value problems for linear partial differential equations through a theorem similar in spirit to the Lax–Milgram theorem: as an application, the general existence and uniqueness theorems of previous paper  are proved dropping the hypothesis of self-adjointness of the linear partial differential operators considered.
.
. This is the first paper on the theory of partial differential equations of non-positive characteristics: the Fichera's function is introduced and its applications to the boundary value problems for this class of operators is detailed. Also the well posedness of the problem is considered.
. This is an epoch-making paper in the theory of CR-functions, where the Dirichlet problem for analytic functions of several complex variables is solved for general data.
. "Linear spaces of –measures and differential forms" (English translation of the title) is perhaps the most important contribution of Gaetano Fichera to the theory of exterior differential forms: he introduces the –measures and shows that, despite being less general than currents and thus being easier to work with, they can be used to prove all the most important results of the theory.
. A paper about the boundary value problem for partial differential equations of non-positive characteristics, where the Fichera's function is introduced and its application are described.
. In this a work, an abstract theory of harmonic forms in Hilbert spaces is presented, and a proof of Hodge theorem is given.
. This is the article where the now called "Fichera maximum principle" is proved.
. A research announcement describing briefly (and without proofs) Gaetano Fichera's solution to the Signorini problem.
. An ample memoir containing the detailed proofs of existence and uniqueness theorem for the Signorini problem, translated in the English language as .
. In this paper Gaetano Fichera proves a semicontinuity theorem for functionals depending on a general linear operator, not necessarily being a partial differential operator.
, . The encyclopedic entry written by Fichera on existence problems in linear elasticity for the Handbuch der Physik on invitation by Clifford Truesdell.
, . The encyclopedic entry written by Fichera on problems with unilateral constraints (the class of boundary value problems the Signorini problem belongs to) for the Handbuch der Physik on invitation by Clifford Truesdell.
. This is an important paper on the asymptotic analysis of the electric field near the vertex of a conical conducting surface. There exists also a freely consultable Russian translation, .
.
. A work presenting a complete interdisciplinary analysis of the stability of a system of ordinary differential equations containing a large number of parameters, modeling a biological system: the results presented here were later surveyed in the paper .
. A short research announcement reporting the results detailed in .
. This is a survey paper on an interdisciplinary research conducted by him, Maria Adelaide Sneider and Jeffries Wyman, on the existence of a steady state in a biological system: the research results were previously published as .
. A paper containing a mathematical proof of the Saint-Venant's principle.
. "Having a tenacious memory creates serious problems" (English translation of the title) is a well known work on the fading memory principle and on the consequences implied by its not careful adoption.
.
. In the work "Boundary value problems for pluriharmonic functions" (English translation of the title) a trace condition for pluriharmonic functions is proved.
.
. In this paper, it is proved that a necessary and sufficient condition for a harmonic function defined on a ball in  to be pluriharmonic is to satisfy the Amoroso integral equation.
. In this article, Morera's theorem for analytic functions of several complex variables is proved under the sole hypothesis of local integrability for the given function .
. A paper describing the ideas of , giving some extensions of those ideas and a solution for a particular Cauchy problem for holomorphic functions of several variables.
. Gaetano Fichera last, postumhous scientific paper, prepared for the publication by Olga Arsenievna Oleinik and his wife.
  (vol. 1),  (vol. 2),  (vol. 3). Three volumes collecting the most important mathematical papers of Gaetano Fichera in their original language and typographical form, including a biographical sketch of Olga A. Oleinik

Historical and survey papers
. An ample survey paper on results on the solutions of linear integral and partial differential equation obtained by the research team of Mauro Picone at the Istituto Nazionale per le Applicazioni del Calcolo, by using methods from functional analysis.
. A survey paper about the theory of approximation of and by analytic functions of a complex variable.
.
. The address of Gaetano Fichera given on the occasion of the conferment of the laurea honoris causa in civil engineering: he describes the history of the theory of elasticity particularly detailing the contributions of Italian mathematicians and engineers.
.
. In the paper "The contributions of Guido Fubini and Francesco Severi to the theory of functions of several complex variables" (English translation of the title), Gaetano Fichera describes the main contributions of the two scientists to the Cauchy and the Dirichlet problem for holomorphic functions of several complex variables, as well as the impact of their work on subsequent researches.
. "The Severi an Severi–Kneser theorems for analytic functions of several complex variables and their further developments" (English translation of the title) is an historical survey paper on the Cauchy and the Dirichlet problem for holomorphic functions of several complex variables, updating the earlier work .
. Some recollections of his close friend Renato Caccioppoli.
. A survey paper describing the development of infinitesimal calculus during the twentieth century and trying to trace possible scenarios for its future evolution.
. Fichera's "last lesson" of the course of higher analysis, given on the occasion of his retirement from university teaching in 1992.
. The birth of the theory of variational inequalities remembered thirty years later (English translation of the title) tell the story of the beginning of the theory of variational inequalities from the point of view of its founder.
. "Revisiting and history: two conflicting aspects of scientific historiography" details its author's opinions about the way of doing historical researches on mathematical topics.
.
. Gaetano Fichera's "Historical, biographical, expository works": a volume collecting his contributions in the original language (English or Italian) to the fields of history of mathematics and scientific expository work.

Monographs and textbooks
: for a review of the book, see .
. A monograph based on the lecture notes, taken by Lucilla Bassotti and Luciano De Vito of a course held by Gaetano Fichera at the INdAM: for a review of the book, see .
. An extensive survey on some results of numerical analysis (especially on numerical calculation of eigenvalues) and associated results of mathematical analysis obtained by Gaetano Fichera and his school: its updated English translation is the book .
. An English updated translation of the memoir .
.

See also
Constitutive equations
Fichera corner problem
Mauro Picone
Potential theory
Saint-Venant's principle
Signorini problem
Variational inequality

Notes

References

Biographical references
. The "Yearbook" of the renowned Italian scientific institution, including an historical sketch of its history, the list of all past and present members as well as a wealth of information about its academic and scientific activities.
. The first part ("Tomo") of an extensive work on the "Accademia di Scienze, Lettere e Arti di Modena", reporting the history of the academy and biographies of members up to the year 2006.
. A commemorative paper written by Cristoforo Cosentini, former member and president of the Accademia di scienze, lettere e belle arti degli Zelanti e dei Dafnici and close friend of Gaetano Fichera.
, prepared by his wife as follow-up to the commemorative paper by Olga Oleinik (1997).
. The biography of Gaetano Fichera written by his wife, Matelda Colautti Fichera. The first phrase of the title is the last verse (and title) of a famous poem of Salvatore Quasimodo, and was the concluding phrase of the last lesson of Fichera, in the occasion of his retirement from university teaching in 1992, published in . There is also a free electronic edition with a different title: .
. The personal recollection of András Kósa on Gaetano Fichera and Mauro Picone.
. The address of Malaroda at the meeting "Ricordo di Gaetano Fichera" [Remembrance of Gaetano Fichera] held in Rome at the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei on 8 February 1997.
. This book offers the personal recollections of the Author about the life in his birthplace Alfonsine, during the fascist period up to the end of World War II. He describes various episodes of the life of Gaetano Fichera in his town during wartime, their friendship and the relations between Fichera and the Italian resistance movement. The choice of photographs and the presentation of the book are due to Luciano Lucci, who also cured the web edition which is enriched by several pictures at the expense of the loss of printed edition pagination. The first part of the title, up to the colon, is in Emiliano-Romagnolo while the second part is in Italian.
.
.
.
 is the biographical contribution of Paolo Emilio Ricci in the proceedings of the day dedicated to the memory of Gaetano Fichera (1 June 2011) during the international conference "New Function Spaces in PDEs and Harmonic Analysis", held in Napoli from 31 May to 4 June 2011.
. The biographical and bibliographical entry (updated up to 1976) on Gaetano Fichera, published under the auspices of the Accademia dei Lincei in a book collecting many profiles of its living members up to 1976.
.
.
. The address of Salvini at the meeting "Ricordo di Gaetano Fichera" [Remembrance of Gaetano Fichera] held in Rome at the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei on 8 February 1997.
. A detailed and carefully commented regest of all the documents of the official archive of the Sapienza University of Rome pertaining to the honoris causa degrees, awarded or not. It includes all the awarding proposals submitted during the considered period, detailed presentations of the work of the candidate, if available, and precise references to related articles published on Italian newspapers and magazines, if the laurea was awarded.
. A detailed and carefully commented regest of all the documents of the official archive of the Sapienza University of Rome pertaining to the honoris causa degrees, awarded or not. It includes all the awarding proposals submitted during the considered period, detailed presentations of the work of the candidate, if available, and precise references to related articles published on Italian newspapers and magazines, if the laurea was awarded.
. A detailed and carefully commented regest of all the documents of the official archive of the Sapienza University of Rome pertaining to the honoris causa degrees, awarded or not. It includes all the awarding proposals submitted during the considered period, detailed presentations of the work of the candidate, if available, and precise references to related articles published on Italian newspapers and magazines, if the laurea was awarded.
. A detailed and carefully commented regest of all the documents of the official archive of the Sapienza University of Rome pertaining to the honoris causa degrees, awarded or not. It includes all the awarding proposals submitted during the considered period, detailed presentations of the work of the candidate, if available, and precise references to related articles published on Italian newspapers and magazines, if the laurea was awarded.
. Some recollections of the author about Gaetano Fichera.

General references
. The address of Amerio at the meeting "Ricordo di Gaetano Fichera" (Remembrance of Gaetano Fichera) held in Rome at the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei on 8 February 1997.
. The address of Baiocchi at the meeting "Ricordo di Gaetano Fichera" (Remembrance of Gaetano Fichera) held in Rome at the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei on 8 February 1997.
. The biographical contribution of Paolo de Lucia in the proceedings of the day dedicated to the memory of Gaetano Fichera (1 June 2011) during the international conference "New Function Spaces in PDEs and Harmonic Analysis", held in Napoli from 31 May to 4 June 2011.
, available from the Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, is a commemoration of Gaetano Fichera written by one of the former students of Mauro Picone, and colleague of Fichera at the Turin Academia.
: the recollections of a friend and early colleague at the Istituto Nazionale per le Applicazioni del Calcolo.
. The address of Grioli at the meeting "Ricordo di Gaetano Fichera" ("Remembrance of Gaetano Fichera") held in Rome at the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei on 8 February 1997.
.
. Some vivid recollection of Fichera by Vladimir Maz'ya.
. The contribution of Vladimir Maz'ya in the proceedings of the day dedicated to the memory of Gaetano Fichera (1 June 2011) during the international conference "New Function Spaces in PDEs and Harmonic Analysis", held in Napoli from 31 May to 4 June 2011, similar to his earlier commemorative paper .
.
.
.
. The biographical sketch of Fichera by Olga Oleinik at the meeting "Ricordo di Gaetano Fichera" ("Remembrance of Gaetano Fichera") held in Rome at the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei on 8 February 1997. The same paper is also included in the first volume of the selected works of Gaetano Fichera (2004) and in the volume of his historical, biographical, and expository works (2002).
. "Remembrance of Prof. G. Fichera" is the contribution of Salvatore Rionero in the proceedings of the day dedicated to the memory of Gaetano Fichera (1 June 2011) during the international conference "New Function Spaces in PDEs and Harmonic Analysis", held in Napoli from 31 May to 4 June 2011. It includes the transparencies of the contribution (written in English) "Asymptotic Behaviour of Solutions of Evolution Problems" by Fichera to the international conference "Waves and Stability in Continuous Media", held in Palermo from 9 to 14 October 1995.
. The "Introduction" to the proceedings of the day dedicated to the memory of Gaetano Fichera (1 June 2011) during the international conference "New Function Spaces in PDEs and Harmonic Analysis", held in Napoli from 31 May to 4 June 2011, by its editor, giving a few biographical remarks.
. The address of Vesentini at the meeting "Ricordo di Gaetano Fichera" (Remembrance of Gaetano Fichera) held in Rome at the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei on 8 February 1997.
. A biographical work focusing on the contributions of Gaetano Fichera to mechanics and the role played by him in the founding of the ISIMM.

Scientific references
. The first paper where a set of (fairly complicate) necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the Dirichlet problem for holomorphic functions of several variables is given: the bounded domain where the problem is posed and solved is assumed to be not pseudoconvex.
. A historical paper about the fruitful interaction of elasticity theory and mathematical analysis: the creation of the theory of variational inequalities by Fichera is described in paragraph 5, pages 282–284.
.
. A definitive monograph on integration and measure theory: the treatment of the limiting behavior of the integral of various kind of sequences of measure-related structures (measurable functions, measurable sets, measures and their combinations) is somewhat conclusive.
. The contribution of Alberto Cialdea read in the day dedicated to the memory of Gaetano Fichera (1 June 2011) of the international conference "New Function Spaces in PDEs and Harmonic Analysis", held in Napoli from 31 May to 4 June 2011.
. A survey of Gaetano Fichera's contributions to the theory of partial differential equations, written by two of his pupils.
.
. A classical textbook in potential theory: paragraph 24 of chapter const of results proved by Gaetano Fichera in .
. An historical paper correcting some inexact historical statements in the theory of holomorphic functions of several variables, particularly concerning contributions of Gaetano Fichera and Francesco Severi.
. An historical paper exploring further the same topic previously dealt in the paper  by the same author.
. A survey of Gaetano Fichera's contributions to the theory of partial differential equations, written by two of his pupils.
, available at Gallica.
. A book arose from the notes of a course held by Francesco Severi at the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica (which at present is named after him), containing appendices of Enzo Martinelli, Giovanni Battista Rizza and Mario Benedicty.
.
. (preprint version available from the author's website retrieved on 1 May 2009). An expository paper detailing the contributions of Gaetano Fichera and his school on the problem of numerical calculation of eigenvalues for general differential operators.

Publications dedicated to him or to his memory
. A volume of the mathematical journal published by the Mathematics Department of the University of Catania, containing a selection of papers presented to a periodic conference dedicated to Gaetano Fichera.
. The proceedings of a conference dedicated to Gaetano Fichera and its contributions to mathematical analysis and continuum mechanics, held at the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei.
. A volume of the journal dedicated to Gaetano Fichera, including survey papers describing his research contributions to mathematical analysis and research papers on topics investigated by him.
. A volume of the journal dedicated to Gaetano Fichera on the occasion of his 85th birthday anniversary: it "contains contributions by several scientists outside Italy, who knew Fichera personally, either through working with him, or through his work", as remarked by the editors on page VII.
. Published by the A. Razmadze Mathematical Institute of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences.
.
.
. The proceedings of the day dedicated to the memory of Gaetano Fichera (1 June 2011) during the international conference "New Function Spaces in PDEs and Harmonic Analysis", held in Napoli from 31 May to 4 June 2011.

External links

. The biographical entry about Gaetano Fichera at the Enciclopedia Treccani.

1922 births
1996 deaths
People from Acireale
20th-century Italian mathematicians
Complex analysts
Italian historians of mathematics
Foreign Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Members of the Lincean Academy
Sapienza University of Rome alumni
Academic staff of the Sapienza University of Rome
Academic staff of the University of Trieste
Mathematical analysts
Mathematical physicists
PDE theorists
Mathematicians from Sicily
20th-century Italian historians


Ørjan Røyrane (born 10 July 1988) is a Norwegian football midfielder who most recently played for Kongsvinger.

He made his debut for Norheimsund IL in the Norwegian Second Division in 2004. After the 2005 season he signed for Sandefjord Fotball together with his older brother Jon André.

His brother was sold to Løv-Ham Fotball after the 2007 season.

Career statistics

References

1988 births
Living people
People from Kvinnherad
Norwegian men's footballers
Sandefjord Fotball players
Kongsvinger IL Toppfotball players
Norwegian First Division players
Eliteserien players
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Vestland


Leesburg is an unincorporated community in Lemhi County, Idaho, United States.  It lies at  (45.2238080, -114.1139647), along Napias Creek in the Salmon National Forest, west of Salmon.  Its altitude is 6,653 feet (2,028 m).

History
Leesburg's population was 75 in 1909. The community possessed a post office as late as 1942, but it has since closed.  Little remains of the original community. The entire site has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1975.

History
Leesburg was established after gold was discovered at the Leesburg Mine on July 16, 1866. The mining town was named for General Robert E. Lee because most of the settlers were Southerners. It once had a population of 7,000, including Chinese; 100 business firms; and a main street a mile long. Miners dug over 400 miles of ditches to carry water to sluice out gold. By 1930 placer mining was carried on nearly entirely by hydraulic methods. The mine produced nearly $16,000,000 in gold prior to 1938.

References

Further reading

Ghost towns in Idaho
Geography of Lemhi County, Idaho
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Idaho
National Register of Historic Places in Lemhi County, Idaho
Populated places on the National Register of Historic Places in Idaho


Peter Blazincic (born 29 May 1969), is an Australian former football (soccer) goalkeeper, now the goalkeeping coach at A-League side Adelaide United FC.

He used to play for Guangzhou Apollo in Chinese Jia-A League and is regarded as one of the best foreign players in Guangzhou football history.

References

External links
 OzFootball Profile

1969 births
Living people
Australian men's soccer players
Australian expatriate men's soccer players
National Soccer League (Australia) players
Guangzhou F.C. players
West Adelaide SC players
Sydney United 58 FC players
Expatriate men's footballers in China
Australian people of Croatian descent
Australian expatriate sportspeople in China
Men's association football goalkeepers
Soccer players from Adelaide