The Royal Alcázar of Madrid (Spanish: Real Alcázar de Madrid) was a fortress located at the site of today's Royal Palace of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.  The structure was originally built in the second half of the ninth century by the Muslims, then extended and enlarged over the centuries, particularly after 1560. It was at this time that the fortress was converted into a royal palace, and Madrid became the capital of the Spanish Empire. Despite being a palace, the great building kept its original Arabic title of Alcázar (English: "castle").

The first extension to the building was commissioned by King Charles I (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) and completed in 1537. Its exterior was constructed by the architect Juan Gómez de Mora in 1636 on a commission from King Philip IV.

As famous for its artistic treasures as it is for its unusual architecture, it was the residence of the Spanish royal family and home of the Court, until its destruction by fire during the reign of King Philip V (the first Bourbon king), on Christmas Eve 1734. Many artistic treasures were lost, including over 500 paintings. Other works, such as the painting  Las Meninas by Velázquez, were saved.

History

Origins

There is much documentation (numerous texts, engravings, plans, paintings and models) on the building layout and exterior between 1530 and 1734, when they were destroyed in a fire. However, images of the building's interior and references to its history are scarce.

The first drawing of the Alcázar was done by Cornelius Vermeyen in 1534, three decades before Madrid was named as the capital of Spain. The drawing shows a castle divided into two main parts, which may correspond, at least partially, to the structure of the Muslim fortress on which it is built.

This original fortress was erected by the Umayyad amir Muhammad I of Córdoba (852–886) between 860 and 880. The building was the central nucleus of the Islamic citadel of Mayrit, a walled district approximately  in size, incorporating not only the castle, but also a mosque and the home of the governor (or emir).

Its steep location near the Altos de Rebeque and overlooking the path of the River Manzanares below was of great strategic importance, being a key factor in the defence of Toledo from frequent Christian incursions into the lands of the al-Andalus. This structure probably followed the progression of similar military constructions in the area—an observation point developed into a small fort—although there is currently a lack of evidence as the place was later quarried for building material by Christians.

After the conquest of Madrid in 1083 by Alfonso VI of León and Castile, the king needed a bigger fortress in order to accommodate his royal court. A new fortress was built to the north of the first walled enclosure — therefore, the Islamic fortress was never located under the royal palace.

Over the course of time, the old castle was extended, keeping the original structure within. This is evident from seventeenth century engravings and paintings, where medieval-styled semi-circular turrets can be seen on the western side by the Manzanares, in contrast to the architecture of the southern faade.

The House of Trastámara

The Trastámara dynasty turned the Alcázar into its temporary residence, and by the end of the fifteenth century it was one of the main fortresses in the Crown of Castile, as well as the seat of the royal court.  In keeping with its new function, the castle incorporated the word royal into its name, indicating its exclusive use by the Castilian monarchy.

King Henry III of Castile instigated the construction of different towers which changed the look of the building, giving it a more palatial feel. His son, John II, built the Royal Chapel and added a new room, known as the Sala Rica (the Room of Riches) for its lavish decoration. These two new elements, alongside the eastern façade, are thought to have increased the surface area of the old castle by approximately 20 percent.

Henry IV of Castile was one of the kings who spent the most time at the Alcázar, with one of his daughters, Joanna la Beltraneja, being born there on 28 February 1462.  In 1476, Juana la Beltraneja's followers were besieged in the Alcázar because of disputes with Queen Isabella I over the throne. The area suffered considerable damage during the siege.

Charles V
The Royal Alcázar of Madrid once again suffered serious damage during the Revolt of the Comuneros, which occurred from 1520 to 1522, under the reign of Charles I. Considering the state of the building, Charles I decided to extend it; this is considered to be the first important building work in the history of the Alcázar. The redesign was probably carried out alongside the emperor's wish to establish the Court in the city of Madrid, something which did not happen until the reign of Philip II. Luis Cabrera de Córdoba (16th century), mentioned Charles in the following document, "The Catholic King Philip II, considering the city of Toledo unsuitable, respected the wish of his father, the emperor Charles V to have the Court in the city of Madrid, establishing in Madrid its royal seat and the government of its monarchy."

From this perspective, one can understand the efforts of Charles V to provide the city with a royal residence - the priority of a modern state - or at least, to what it was used to before his arrival in Castile. Instead of demolishing the uncomfortable and old-fashioned medieval castle (a decision thought to be too radical), the emperor decided to use it as the basis for the construction of a palace. The new construction bore the name of the original fortress, the Royal Alcázar of Madrid, despite having lost its military function centuries earlier.

Construction started in 1537, under the direction of the architects Luis de Vega and Alonso de Covarrubias, who renovated the old buildings around the King's Courtyard (Patio del Rey) in the medieval castle. The most valuable contribution, however, was the construction of the newly designed Queen's rooms, spread around the Queen's Courtyard (Patio de la Reina). The so-called Tower of Charles V was built in one of the corners of the northern façades, which now overlooks the Sabatini Gardens. These new additions are believed to have doubled the original footprint of the building.

The project was dominated by unmistakable Renaissance features, visible in the main staircase and both the King's and Queen's Courtyards; adorned with archways and supported by columns, allowing light into the building.  The extension by Charles V was the first important work carried out in the Alcázar, and was followed by numerous refurbishments and redesigns which were carried out almost continuously until the building's destruction in the 18th century.

Philip II

Philip II, as Prince, had shown great interest in the works brought about by his father, the emperor Charles V, and as King, continued them. He accomplished the transformation of the building into a palace, especially from 1561, when he decided to establish the Court permanently in Madrid.

The monarch ordered the refurbishment of his chambers as well as other rooms, and put special effort into their decoration, using tailors, glaziers, carpenters, painters, sculptors and other artisans and artists. Many of these tradesmen came from the Netherlands, Italy and France. The works, which lasted from 1561 until 1598, were initially managed by Gaspar de la Vega.

The Golden Tower (la Torre Dorada), whose construction was the most important in this time, was supervised by the architect Juan Bautista de Toledo. This vast tower dominated the south-western edge of the Alcázar and was crowned with a slate spire. The tower's design was reminiscent of the corner towers of the monastery of El Escorial, which was also under construction at the same time.

Philip II oversaw the Royal Alcázar of Madrid's complete conversion to a royal palace. The interior section between the two original towers of the southern façade took on a ceremonial function, while the northern wing was used as the service area. The western area was reserved for the King's chambers, with the Queen's chambers to the east. The areas were separated by two large courtyards, in keeping with the structure designed by de Covarrubias. This layout of the areas for different uses was maintained until the fire of 1734.

The construction of the Royal Armoury was also the work of Philip II. Demolished in 1894, in its location is now the crypt of Almudena Cathedral.

Philip III, Philip IV and Charles II

By the end of Philip II's reign, and despite many improvements, the Royal Alcázar still had an incongruous appearance. Its main façade, on the south, retained medieval elements which did not match the alterations made by the monarch. The clash of styles was very noticeable with respect to the Golden Tower (incorporated by the King) and the two other medieval cuboid towers that took away light from the development.

Upon taking the throne, Philip III, son of Philip II, set about making the southern façade his main project. The work, entrusted to the architect Francisco de Mora, involved blending the southern façade with the architectural characteristics of the Golden Tower, as well as redesigning the Queen's rooms.

However, the work to the façade was eventually completed by Juan Gómez de Mora, the preceding architect's nephew, who introduced important innovations to his uncle's design, following the usual Baroque style of the time. The new design, started in 1610 and finished in 1636 during the reign of Philip IV, would survive until the fire of 1734. The enclosure of the exterior plaza was also completed under de Mora.

The development gained brightness and balance, thanks to a series of windows and columns from the two symmetrical towers (as illustrated below). The other façades were also remodelled, with the exception of the western side that retained the look of the old medieval castle.

Philip IV gave the building a more harmonious appearance, despite his indifference towards it. The monarch refused to live in the Alcázar and ordered the construction of a second palace, the Buen Retiro Palace, which today also no longer exists. Walls were erected, to the east of the city, on the grounds which are now home to the Retiro Park.

The project, started by Philip III and finished by Philip IV continued throughout the reign of Charles II, in the form of minor alterations and renovations. The Queen's Tower, located on the south-eastern side, was finished with a slate spire in keeping with the design of the Golden Tower on the other side, built during the reign of Philip II. The plaza built at the foot of the southern façade also incorporated different rooms and galleries.

Philip V

Philip V was proclaimed King of Spain on 24 November 1700, in a ceremony performed in the southern plaza of the palace – the plaza is now the site of the Armoury Plaza.
The austere Royal Alcázar was in complete opposition with the French taste he was more familiar with in Versailles, hence his refurbishments' focus on the interior of the palace.

The main rooms were redecorated in the style of French palaces. Queen Maria Luisa of Savoy was in charge of the work, assisted by her lady in waiting, Marie Anne de La Trémoille, princesse des Ursins.

The redesign of the Alcázar's interior was initially the responsibility of the architect Teodoro Ardemans, who was later replaced by René Carlier.

The fire of 1734

On 24 December 1734, with the Court having moved to the El Pardo Palace, a fire broke out at the Royal Alcázar of Madrid. Thought to have started in a room of the court artist Jean Ranc, the fire spread quickly and uncontrollably. It raged for four days and was so intense that some silver objects were melted by the heat and other metal objects, along with precious stones, had to be discarded.

According to the Marquis of Torrecillas, Félix de Salabert, the first alarm was raised at approximately 15 minutes past midnight by one of the guards on duty. The festive nature of the day meant that the warning was ignored at first, since people were on their way to matins (night prayer service). The first to attempt help (as much in extinguishing the fire as in trying to rescue people and valuables) were the monks from the monastery of San Gil.

Initially, the doors of the Alcázar were kept closed for fear of looting.  This meant that occupants had little time to evacuate. It was an enormous effort to salvage the religious objects kept in the Royal Chapel, as well as cash and jewels belonging to the royal family (a chest full of coins was thrown from a window). The collection of jewels included the Pilgrim Pearl and the El Estanque diamond.

The rescue of several paintings on the second floor of the Alcázar was abandoned due to the difficulties posed by their size and location at various heights and in different rooms. Some paintings were fixed to the walls, so a large number of those kept in the building (including La Expulsión de los moriscos by Velázquez) were lost. Others such as Las Meninas (also by Velázquez) were saved by being removed from their frames and thrown from the windows. Fortunately, part of the art collection had previously been moved to the Buen Retiro Palace to protect them during the building work to the Royal Alcázar, which saved them from destruction.

After the fire was extinguished, the building was reduced to rubble. The walls which remained were demolished, due to the extent of the damage. In 1738, four years after the fire, Philip V ordered the construction of the current Royal Palace of Madrid, which spanned three decades. The new building was used as a residence for the first time in 1764 by Charles III.

Characteristics

Despite the efforts to give the building a more harmonious design, the modifications, extensions and refurbishments carried out over the centuries did not achieve this goal. French and Italian visitors criticised the irregular facades and deemed the building's interior labyrinth-like. Many of the private rooms were dark and had no windows for ventilation, something much sought-after in the hot climate of Madrid.

The main area of asymmetry was the western facade, which, being situated on the edge of the ravine of the Manzanares Valley was the least visible from the urban area of Madrid. However, at the same time, it was the first view seen by visitors coming into the city from the Segovia Bridge.

It was this facade which underwent the fewest redesigns and as a consequence retained the most medieval character of the building. It was made entirely of stone, with four turrets, although several windows bigger than those in the old fortress had been built. The four turrets were finished with conical slate spires, similar to those on the Alcázar of Segovia, which reduced the military feel of the building.

The remaining facades were built from red brick and granite (from Toledo), which gave the building the characteristic colouring of Madrid's traditional architecture. These materials were abundant in the influential area of the city as clay is plentiful on the banks of the Manzanares and granite in the nearby Sierra de Guadarrama.

The main entrance was on the southern facade, which proved especially problematic in the redesign of the building, due to being dominated by two large square spaces, built in medieval times. Both of these interrupted the longitudinal line of the facade which linked the Golden Tower (built under the reign of Philip II) with the Queen's Tower (built during the refurbishments under Philip III and Philip IV).

With the design of Juan Gómez de Mora, the towers were hidden, giving more balance to the building as a whole. This can be seen in the 1704 drawing by Filippo Pallota. This architect also integrated the appearance of the Golden Tower and the Queen's Tower by adding a pyramid-shaped spire to the Queen's Tower, identical to that of the Golden Tower.

The Royal Alcázar of Madrid was based on a rectangular plan. Its interior, divided by two large courtyards, was organised asymmetrically (see image 3). The King's Courtyard, situated in the western part of what was the medieval castle, was smaller than the Queen's Courtyard on the opposite side. This courtyard divided the rooms built during the reign of Charles I. The Royal Chapel was erected between the courtyards under the orders of King John II of the Trastámara dynasty. For many years, the courtyards were open to the public and markets were held there, selling a variety of goods.

The Royal Alcázar art gallery

The Royal Alcázar held a huge art collection; it is estimated that at the time of the fire, there were close to 2,000 paintings (both originals and reproductions), of which some 500 were lost. The approximately 1,000 paintings which were rescued were kept in several buildings after the event, amongst them the San Gil Convent, the Royal Armoury and the homes of the Archbishop of Toledo and the Marquis of Bedmar. A large part of the art collection had already been moved to the Buen Retiro Palace during the building work carried out on the Alcázar, which saved them from the fire.

One of the major works lost was La Expulsión de los moriscos, by Diego Velázquez. This painting won a competition in 1627, the prize being the post of usher chamber. This was a decisive step in his career and allowed him to take his first trip to Italy. He also painted an equestrian portrait of the King, as well as three of the four paintings from the mythological series (Apollo, Adonis & Venus, and Psyche & Cupid), of which only one was saved, Mercury & Argos.

Several of the works lost in the fire were by Peter Paul Rubens. Among these was an equestrian portrait of Philip IV specially commissioned by the King, which had pride of place in the Room of Mirrors (Salón de los Espejos), opposite the famous Titian portrait, Charles V at Muhlberg.

The Uffizi Gallery in Florence is home to a good reproduction of the Rubens portrait. Also lost in the fire was another Rubens painting, El rapto de las Sabinas, and the twenty pieces of art that adorned the walls of the Octagonal Room (Pieza Ochavada).

Among the Titian pieces which were destroyed was the series The Twelve Caesars, which was kept in the Great Room (Salón Grande), famous today for its reproductions and a series of engravings by Aegidius Sadeler II. Also lost were two of the four Furias series which were in the Room of Mirrors (the other two are now in the Museo del Prado in Madrid). As well as these works, an invaluable collection of work by artists such as (according to the inventories) Tintoretto, Paolo Veronese, Jusepe de Ribera, Hieronymus Bosch, Brueghel, Alonso Sánchez Coello, Van Dyck, El Greco, Annibale Carracci, Leonardo da Vinci, Guido Reni, Raphael, Jacopo Bassano, Correggio, and many others.

Among remaining sculptures are the bronze Medici lions from the Room of Mirrors, of which four now are present in the throne room of the current Royal Palace of Madrid, and the remaining eight in the Museo del Prado.

Further developments
The developments made throughout the history of the Royal Alcázar of Madrid affected not just the building itself, but also the surrounding area, with a series of developments within its grounds.  The Royal Stables were built to the south of the Alcázar, incorporating the rooms of the Royal Armoury. To the north and west of the Alcázar lay the Picadero plaza and the Gardens (or Orchard) of the Prioress, which connected the palace with the Royal Monastery of the Incarnation. To the east, the House Treasury was built.

The House Treasury

This name was given to a building complex designed for various services, which included two main sites: the Houses of Offices and the new kitchens.

The work, beginning in 1568 under the reign of Philip II, was initially designed to be an independent construction, but the building became an annex to the Alcázar so as to enable direct communication between them.

In the seventeenth century, a passageway was built which connected the House Treasury with the Royal Monastery of the Incarnation, so that the royals could access the Monastery directly from the Palace.

The House Treasury became home to the Royal Library (later the National Library) under the initiative of King Philip V. The complex, which survived the fire of 1734, was demolished by order of King Joseph I who intended to create a large plaza next to the eastern facade of the Royal Palace of Madrid.

The basements, floors and other walls of the building were discovered in the twentieth century during the 1996 redesign of the East Plaza by the mayor José María Álvarez del Manzano. Despite their historic importance, the remains were destroyed.

The Royal Stables and Royal Armoury

In 1553, King Philip II decided to create a complex to house the Royal Stables in the area surrounding the Alcázar. The complex was built opposite the southern plaza of the palace, the area which is now home to the crypt of the Almudena Cathedral. The project, managed by the builder Gaspar de Vega, lasted from 1556 until 1564 with later modifications to the complex.

The building was rectangular with a long central area , divided into two series of columns (37 in total), which supported a vaulted roof. The troughs were on either side of the corridor. The Royal Stables had three main facades: the main facade with its granite arch, overlooking the Royal Alcázar, another on the side of the central corridor, and the last, open to the palace plaza, facing south. This last side was known as the Armoury Arch.

In 1563, the King ordered the installation of the Royal Armoury on the upper level. Until now, the Armoury had been located in the city of Valladolid. This meant an alteration to the initial design, according to which the upper level was reserved for the stablehands' quarters. In 1567, sloping slate roofs were added and the complex was finally built up to three storeys.  The building was demolished in 1894 to make way for the construction of the neo-Romanesque crypt of the Almudena Cathedral.

The Gardens of the Prioress

The Gardens (or Orchard) of the Prioress were the result of a redesign of the grounds to the north and west of the Royal Alcázar, at the start of the seventeenth century. This was the result of the foundation of the Royal Monastery of the Incarnation in 1611.

The gardens were managed by the monastery and were situated on the site where today the Cabo Noval Gardens can be found, within the East Plaza.

In 1809 and 1810, King Joseph I ordered the seizure and destruction of the Orchard of the Prioress, as well as the demolition of the buildings in the surrounding area. His aim was to create a monumental plaza to the east of the Royal Palace but this project did not materialise until the reign of Isabella II, when the layout of the East Plaza was finally completed.

See also
List of missing landmarks in Spain
History of Madrid
Royal Convent of La Encarnación

References

External links
Información del Real Alcázar de Madrid en www.madridhistorico.com
Historia del Real Alcázar de Madrid y reconstrucción virtual  en www.museoimaginado.com
Vídeo virtual sobre el Alcázar — Otro vídeo virtual

Buildings and structures completed in the 9th century
Buildings and structures completed in 1537
Buildings and structures completed in 1636
Palaces in Madrid
Royal residences in Spain
Alcazars and Alcazabas in Spain
Demolished buildings and structures in Madrid
Castles in the Community of Madrid
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Philip II of Spain
Herrerian architecture
1537 establishments in Spain
Former castles in Spain
Former military installations
Former palaces in Spain
Buildings and structures demolished in 1734
1734 disestablishments in Europe
1730s disestablishments in Spain
Former buildings and structures in Madrid


Torthorwald Castle is a large ruined rectangular tower at the centre of the village of Torthorwald just outside Dumfries in south west Scotland.

History

The first castle on the site was an earthwork motte-and-bailey built in the 12th century.  The earliest building which forms part of the current ruins was built in the 14th century.

Clan Kirkpatrick

Torthorwald Castle was originally owned by Sir David Torthorwald in the 13th Century, some of his descendants supported the English army during the First War of Scottish Independence, because of it, King Robert the Bruce confiscated the lands in 1306 and granted them to Sir John de Soules (Guardian of Scotland), but he died in  After John's death in Ireland in 1310, after it passed to the Scottish clan, when Humphrey de Kirkpatrick acquired the lands in 1326, and they started the stone structure of the castle that became the Torthowarld castle.

Carlyle family

In 1425 William Carlyle married the Kirkpatrick heiress and Torthorwald Castle passed to Carlyle family. In 1544 the castle was attacked by Michael Lord Carlyle and sacked, in his raid against his sister-in-law, Jonet Scrimgeour. She was reinstated by Regent Arran  - James Hamilton, Earl of Arran - and the legal settlement includes a list of the contents of the Castle in the Scots language, and the farmstock in Latin. Michael Lord Carlyle retained the castle until the latter decades of the sixteenth century.

Douglas family

In 1609 the ownership of the castle passed from Michael Carlyle to his half brother Douglases of Parkhead since then became property of the Douglas family, the last resident of the castle was Archibald Douglas of Dornock whom lived there until 1630.

Ruins and restoration

The roof of the castle was removed in the eighteenth century, after it the Torthorwald castle drifted into ruin, during the next century efforts were made to stabilise it's structure. In 1993 the north end of the tower collapsed.

The basement and first floor hall of this tower are vaulted and in one corner is a turnpike stair that leads to the upper floors. It appears that the original entrance was on the first floor.

See also

 Clan Douglas
 Clan Kirkpatrick
 Lord Carlyle of Torthorwald

References
 Coventry, Martin (2001) The Castles of Scotland, 3rd Ed. Scotland: Goblinshead
 Maxwell-Irving, A. M. T. (2000) The Border Towers of Scotland, Creedon Publications

External links
 Overview of Torthorwald
 Torthorwald Castle, Dumfries and Galloway

Castles in Dumfries and Galloway
Dumfriesshire


William Tyler McVey (February 14, 1912 – July 4, 2003) was an American character actor of film and television.

Early years
McVey was born Bay City, Michigan, to William David McVey and his wife, the former Jessie Arvilla Tyler. His mother died of tuberculosis when he was one year old and his father allowed his maternal grandparents to raise him. He gained early acting experience in amateur productions in his hometown. He began acting when he was a student at Bay City High School.

Career
His first screen role, uncredited, came in 1951, where he portrayed Brady in The Day the Earth Stood Still. He was uncredited in two 1953 military films, From Here to Eternity as Major Stern and in Mission over Korea as Colonel Colton.

He made one of his first television appearances in a 1953 episode of Four Star Playhouse. During the 1950s, McVey guest starred in episodes of many series, including The Restless Gun, Gunsmoke, Dragnet, The Lone Ranger, I Love Lucy, Tales of Wells Fargo, Colt .45,  Hallmark Hall of Fame, My Friend Flicka, Highway Patrol, It's a Great Life and Annie Oakley. From 1953 to 1956, he guest starred on the CBS educational series You Are There, narrated by Walter Cronkite. From 1959 to 1960, McVey portrayed Major General Norgath in the CBS series Men into Space.

In 1964, McVey was cast as General Hardesty in the political thriller film Seven Days in May.

Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, McVey continued guest starring in episodic television, including roles on The Tom Ewell Show, Kentucky Jones, National Velvet, My Three Sons, The Rebel, The Everglades, Bat Masterson, Death Valley Days (as cattle baron John Chisum in the 1956 episode, "Pat Garrett's Side of It"), Checkmate, Ripcord, The Wild, Wild West, Bonanza, Gunsmoke, Ironside and Eight Is Enough. His last roles were in 1985 and 1986 as different ministers in two episodes of Highway to Heaven.

McVey also acted on radio programs, including Gene Autry's Melody Ranch, Glamour Manor, and One Man's Family.

Other professional activities
In the 1960s, McVey was president of the Los Angeles, California, local of the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, later served as national President.
He was a founding member of the AFTRA/SAG Credit Union.

Personal life and death
McVey was married three times; first to Lorraine Budge in 1937. After their divorce, he married Rita Ann Stickelmaier in 1950 before they divorced in 1970. In 1971, McVey married Esther Geddes. He died of leukemia in Rancho Mirage, California. He is interred in Elm Lawn Cemetery in Bay City, Michigan.

Selected filmography
The Day the Earth Stood Still (aka Farewell to the Master) (1951) - Brody (uncredited)
Washington Story (1952) - Reporter in Senate Chamber (uncredited)
Diplomatic Courier (1952) - Watch Officer
Confidence Girl (1952) - 2nd Detective
Horizons West (1952) - Poker Player (uncredited)
Back at the Front (1952) - Colonel Daley (uncredited)
My Man and I (1952) - Defense Attorney (uncredited)
O. Henry's Full House (1952) - O. Henry - Prologue (uncredited)
One Minute to Zero (1952) - Joint Operation's Officer (uncredited)
All the Brothers Were Valiant (1953) - John Shore (uncredited)
From Here To Eternity (1953) - Major Stern (uncredited)
Mission Over Korea (1953) - Colonel Colton (uncredited)
A Blueprint for Murder (1953) - Police Lab Technician
Column South (1953) - Miller - a Southerner (uncredited)
Code Two (1953) - Chief of Police (uncredited)
Small Town Girl (1953) - Minister
Day of Triumph (1954) - Peter
Dynamite, the Story of Alfred Nobel (1954, TV Movie)
Francis Joins the WACS (1954) - Referee (uncredited)
The Caine Mutiny (1954) - Court-martial Board Member (uncredited)
Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1955) (Season 1 Episode 12: "Santa Claus and the Tenth Avenue Kid") - Security Guard
Indian American (1955, TV Movie) - Judge
Women's Prison (1955) - Guard
New York Confidential (1955) - Crash Car Witness (uncredited)
The Man Who Tore Down the Wall (1955, TV Movie) - Dr. Stokes
Santa Fe Passage (1955) - Wagonmaster Lawton (uncredited)
City of Shadows (1955) - District Attorney's Aide (uncredited)
Edgar Allan Poe at West Point (1955, TV Movie) - Supply Sergeant
Creature with the Atom Brain (1955) - Police Officer (uncredited)
Chicago Syndicate (1955) - Henderson (uncredited)
The Come On (1956) - Detective Hogan
Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956) - Reporter (uncredited)
Walk the Proud Land (1956) - Lang (uncredited)
Friendly Persuasion (1956) - Farmer (uncredited)
Mister Cory (1957) - Card Player (uncredited)
Teenage Thunder (1957) - Frank Simpson
Night of the Blood Beast (1958) - Dr. Alex Wyman
Hot Car Girl (1958) - Mr. James Wheeler
Terror in a Texas Town (1958) - Sheriff Stoner (uncredited)
As Young as We Are (1958) - Captain Barnhill (uncredited)
Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1959) (Season 4 Episode 32: "Human Interest Story") - Cargan
Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1959) (Season 5 Episode 7: "Dry Run") - Prentiss
Lone Texan (1959) - Henry Biggs
The Louisiana Hussy (1959) - Dr. J. B. Opie
A Private's Affair (1959) - General (uncredited)
Attack of the Giant Leeches (1959) - Doc Greyson
Wanted Dead or Alive (TV series) (1959) season 2 episode 6 (The hostage) : Sheriff Taggert
Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1960) (Season 5 Episode 15: "Man from the South") - Referee
Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1960) (Season 5 Episode 32: "One Grave Too Many") - Desk Sergeant
The Music Box Kid (1960) - District Attorney Henley (uncredited)
The Gallant Hours (1960) - Adm. Ernest J. King (uncredited)
Young Jesse James (1960) - Banker
Sea Hunt (1960, Season 3, Episode 29) - Sy Baker
Sea Hunt (1961, Season 4, Episode 9) - Dr. Widmer
Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1961) (Season 6 Episode 31: "The Gloating Place") - Sergeant Martin
The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1962) (Season 1 Episode 12: "Hangover") - District Attorney Driscoll
A Public Affair (1962) - Sen. Howard Hopkins
That Touch of Mink (1962) - Doorman (uncredited)
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963) - Police Radio Voice (voice, uncredited)
Captain Newman, M.D. (1963) - Officer at Medical Evaluation Hearing (uncredited)
The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1964) (Season 2 Episode 23: "A Matter of Murder") - Chief of Police Captain J.X. Doran
Man's Favorite Sport? (1964) - Customer Bush
Seven Days in May (1964) - Gen. Hardesty (uncredited)
The Best Man (1964) - Chairman
The Killers (1964) - Steward
Lt. Robin Crusoe, U.S.N. (1966) - Captain
Dead Heat on a Merry-Go-Round (1966) - Lyman Mann
Banning (1967) - Marco (uncredited)
Never a Dull Moment (1968) - Chief of Police Greyson (uncredited)
Hello, Dolly! (1969) - Laborer (uncredited)
The Resurrection of Zachary Wheeler (1971) - George
Sidekicks (1974, TV Movie) - Jones
The Strongest Man in the World (1975) - Regent (uncredited)

References

External links

1912 births
2003 deaths
Male actors from Michigan
American male film actors
American male radio actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from leukemia
People from Bay City, Michigan
Male actors from Los Angeles
Presidents of the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists
20th-century American male actors


Coleorton Wood is a woodland in the village of Coleorton, near Coalville in northwest Leicestershire, England. It is a  mixed woodland that was planted during the early days of the National Forest. The site was formerly Coleorton Pit, or colliery, which opened in 1875, and closed in the 1930s. It gained the local nickname of 'Bug and Wink' colliery.

Coleorton Wood is on the route of the Mining Heritage Trail, which is a  walk tracing the coal mining history of this part of Leicestershire.

References

External links
 Coleorton Wood

Parks and open spaces in Leicestershire


McCorkle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chantal McCorkle (born 1968), American fraudster; wife of William J. McCorkle
David Porter McCorkle (1862–1871), American military officer
George McCorkle (1947–2007), American guitarist and songwriter
Jill McCorkle (born 1958), American short story writer, novelist, and educator
Joseph W. McCorkle (1819–1884), American politician
Kelly McCorkle (born 1979), American beauty contest titleholder
Margit L. McCorkle (born 1942), American-born Canadian musicologist, music bibliographer, editor, translator, pianist, and harpsichordist
Mark McCorkle (born 1967), American screenwriter and producer
Matt McCorkle (born ?), American sound artist, sound designer, and audio engineer
Paul McCorkle (1863–1934), American politician and cotton broker
Ruth McCorkle (1941–2019), American nursing professor, writer, researcher, and oncology pioneer
Sam McCorkle (born 1949), American football coach
Samuel Eusebius McCorkle (1746–1811), American pioneer Presbyterian preacher, teacher, and education advocate
Sean McCorkle (born 1976), American mixed martial artist
Susannah McCorkle (1946–2001), American jazz singer
William J. McCorkle (born 1966), American fraudster; husband of Chantal McCorkle

In fiction
Will McCorkle, a character on American television show Party of Five (1994–2000)

See also
Doc Corkle (1952), an American television sitcom


Donisthorpe Woodland Park is located on Church Street, Donisthorpe in North West Leicestershire.

Description
A 36-hectare former colliery site (Donisthorpe Colliery operating between 1871 and 1990) in The National Forest. There are 20 hectares of mixed woodland and  of stone-surfaced paths, which are suitable for all users. There are links to the  Ashby Woulds Heritage Trail and Moira Furnace along the towpath of the restored Ashby Canal.

Leicestershire County Council acquired the site in 1995 and began reclamation. The easily accessible pathways are suitable to walk (popular with dog walkers), cycle or ride horses.

Features & activities
Free car parking. Benches and picnic tables, a network of paths and permissive horse tracks. The Conkers Park Run makes use of the Park every Saturday starting at 09:00 am at Conkers using the Ashby Woulds Heritage Trail with a loop along the canal side before returning via the trail to Conkers.

Gallery

External links
Internet Archive - Leicestershire CC - Park Page
The National Forest
Leicestershire CC - Donisthorpe Woodland Park
Ashby Woulds Trail
Conkers Park Run

Mining and the environment
Parks and open spaces in Leicestershire


A bin-centres test signal is one which has been constructed such that it has frequency components at FFT bin-centre frequencies.  This allows analysis without an FFT window function on a synchronous measurement system.

Background
When performing FFT-based spectral measurements, traditionally a window function has been used to reduce the effects of discontinuities at the ends of the FFT buffer, but these result in spectral leakage.  When generating a single frequency test signal for FFT analysis, it is possible to create the frequency such that it aligns perfectly within an FFT bin-centre frequency. These frequencies are multiples of the frequency resolution of the FFT, given by the sample rate divided by the number of sample points.  This results in no spectral leakage and all the power from the signal is present in only one FFT bin.  Viewed in the time domain, a sine wave will fit in the centre of an FFT bin if it has a complete number of cycles within the length of the sample buffer.  Such signals can be analysed without an FFT window function provided the system is synchronous (i.e., the signal generation and analysis are using the same clock source.)  It follows that a stimulus can be constructed of many sine waves (as many as there are FFT bins) and the signal can still be analysed without an FFT window function.  This is called multitone analysis.  The amplitude and phase of these sine components can be freely adjusted in order to construct a signal with a particular frequency response characteristic.

Usage
The usage of bin-centre analysis techniques is mathematically inherent in FFT spectral analysis.  Where it has changed has been with the introduction of digital spectral analysis systems capable of generating such signals and analysing them in a synchronous system.  Within the world of audio frequency testing, traditionally single sine waves or noise signals have been used.

In order to measure a frequency response with a sine wave, the signal would have to be swept through the frequencies of interest in discrete steps, allowing time for it to settle while making a measurement of its amplitude at each step.  Using a noise signal which is inherently random requires considerable averaging in order to get a clear idea of a trend. In addition, creation of weighted noise signals in the time domain presents many challenges.

A bin-centres signal can give a frequency response with thousands of frequency points from a single capture of an FFT buffer and requires no averaging.  Creation of stimuli that have specific spectral characteristics is also possible.

See also
Coherent sampling
Spectrum analyser
Fast Fourier transform
Audio equipment testing

External links
Rapid Audio Frequency Response Measurement using Bin-centres

Digital signal processing


The Infanta Maria Theresa of Spain or The Infanta Maria Theresa aged 14 is a portrait by Diego Velázquez of Maria Theresa of Spain, from 1653, when she was about thirteen years. It has been cut down at the top and bottom and is now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.

It is considered one of the strongest of artist' late portraits, showing its subject in a majestic pose, illuminated in a light dress against a dark background. Its seriousness and formality is added to by the two watches she carries, whilst the handkerchief in her left hand is one of the painting's highlights.

Velázquez and his assistants created three paintings to be sent to potential husbands for the Infanta (who eventually married Louis XIV). Two other versions are on display in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and the Louvre.

See also
 List of works by Diego Velázquez

References

Sources
Museo del Prado. Pintura española de los siglos XVI y XVII. Enrique Lafuente Ferrari. Aguilar S.A. 1964
 Gállego, Julián. Velázquez. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; H.N. Abrams, 1989

1653 paintings
Portraits by Diego Velázquez
Portraits of women
17th-century portraits
Louis XIV
Philip IV of Spain
Portraits by Diego Velázquez in the Kunsthistorisches Museum


This list of Illinois Institute of Technology alumni includes graduates and non-graduate former students of Illinois Institute of Technology.

Nobel laureates

Politics and public service

Education

Business

Engineering

Computer science

Natural sciences

Humanities

Architecture and design

Arts and entertainment

Social and behavioral sciences

Notes

Illinois Institute of Technology
Illinois Institute of Technology alumni


The 1961–62 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team was Dean Smith's first as the head coach at North Carolina. The 1961–62 team finished with an 8–9 overall record, despite a young and inexperienced roster. They tied for fourth in the Atlantic Coast Conference with a 7–7 record. Their season ended with a first round loss in the ACC Tournament to South Carolina. This was Dean Smith's only losing season as a head coach at North Carolina.

Roster

Pre Season
At the conclusion of the 1960–61 season, North Carolina, hired Dean Smith to replace Frank McGuire as head coach. McGuire was North Carolina Men's basketball Head Coach from 1953 to 1961, but was forced to resign by Chancellor William Aycock due to the program's placement on NCAA probation in 1960. Aycock, however, hired Smith, one of McGuire's assistants and who had been at North Carolina for two seasons already. Smith, who was only 30 at the time, was instructed by Aycock to run a clean program and represent the University well. Wins and losses were an afterthought to the Chancellor. However, in Smith's first season he was faced with a number of challenges, including a limited game schedule and the loss of two key players.

Prior to the start of the 1961 season, the ACC experienced a point shaving scandal. Four N.C. State players were accused of altering the score of several games and one UNC player was found to be involved with a gambler. As a result of this, the Dixie Classic  was abolished and William Friday, the President of the University of North Carolina system, also de-emphasized basketball by allowing only sixteen regular season games. Therefore, Smith was limited to only two games against out of conference opponents. Smith kept the two most challenging opponents on the schedule, Notre Dame and Indiana, both games which would be played in North Carolina, one in Greensboro and the other in Charlotte, respectively.

The 1961–62 squad should have included Ken McComb and Yogi Poteet, both projected starters, but they were ruled academically ineligible before the season started. This was a big blow for the Tar Heels since they also had to withstand the loss of two All-Americans, Doug Moe and York Larese, to graduation. As a result, Smith's first team was young and inexperienced.

Season summary
Dean Smith's illustrious career started on December 2, 1961, with a victory against Virginia in Chapel Hill. The Heels and Smith rolled to their first victory, defeating the Cavaliers 80–46. UNC won their next game at Clemson by a narrow margin, 54–52.  They split their next two games against out-of-conference opponents, Indiana and Notre Dame. Despite the betting odds in Notre Dame's favor, the Heels dominated the Fighting Irish, 99–80. Through January, the Heels had an accumulated a 6–2 record, but the rest of the season was not as successful. In February, they lost four straight games, all to Tobacco Road opponents (Duke, Wake Forest, and North Carolina State), before rebounding to win two of their last four games, with victories against Clemson and Maryland. Their season ended with a two-point loss to South Carolina in the ACC Tournament, which placed the Heels in a tie for fourth place with South Carolina in the final ACC standings.

Junior guard Larry Brown and senior center Jim Hudock led the Heels to an 8–9 overall record and a 7–7 ACC record. Brown averaged 16.5 points per game, eighth in the league, and shot 79.5% from the foul line, third in the league. Hudock averaged a double double over the season, with 14.9 points per game and 10.3 rebounds per game, fourth in the league. Both were named to the All-ACC Second team. Donnie Walsh led the ACC in field-goal percentage for the season, shooting 55.9% from the field.

Despite the challenges faced by Smith's first squad, he credits them as being one of the most hard-working teams in his 36 seasons at North Carolina. They also set North Carolina single-season record for highest field-goal percentage. However, they were the least successful, setting a record for most regular-season conference losses in a single-season (7) and their record against Tobacco Road opponents was only (1–5).

Post Season
Jim Hudock was drafted in the sixth round of the NBA by the Philadelphia Warriors, which ironically was coached by former North Carolina head coach, Frank McGuire. Donnie Walsh and former Tar Heel, Ken McComb were also drafted by the Warriors in the 11th and 10th round respectively. These former Tar Heels went on to enjoy limited success as players in the NBA. However, Donnie Walsh went on to enjoy various coaching stints in the NCAA and the NBA, before becoming the general manager of the Indiana Pacers for over two decades.  After a brief stint as President of the New York Knicks, Walsh returned to Indiana and now serves as a consultant for the team.

After Smith's first season, Adolph Rupp, Kentucky's head coach, called him requesting to set up a ten-year home-and-home series with UNC. Rupp demanded that North Carolina would play at Kentucky six times and home only four times. Despite North Carolina's disadvantage, the Heels won seven of those ten games.

Schedule and results

Season Statistics

References
 O'Hara, Michael E. University of North Carolina Men's basketball Games: A Complete Record, Fall 1953 through Spring 2006 North Carolina: McFarland, 2008.
 Smith, Dean. A Coach's Life. New York: Random House, 1998.
 Lucas, Adam. "Smith's First Five Teams To Reunite Tonight." Tarheelblue.com Retrieved on 2009-03-08.
 Carr, A.J. "Dixie Classic scandal left bad taste" News & Observer Retrieved on 2009-03-08.
 Inventory of the William B. Aycock Papers, 1942–2006, in the Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
 NBA Draft 1962, in Hoopedia, NBA.
 Frank McGuire, in Hoopedia, NBA.
 Walsh Named Knicks President, Basketball Operations, in official Press Release from the NBA.

Notes

North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball seasons
North Carolina
Tar
Tar


Upp may refer to:

 Unpentpentium, an unsynthesized chemical element with atomic number 155 and symbol Upp
 Upp (band), a British rock/jazz fusion band
 and their album Upp (album) released in 1975
 Jerry Upp (1883–1937), an American Major League Baseball player
 Rex Upp, a president of the Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists
 Ultimate++, an open source IDE and widget toolkit

See also
UPP (disambiguation)


The Diviners is a Canadian television film, which aired on CBC Television in 1993. Directed by Anne Wheeler, the film is an adaptation of the novel The Diviners by Margaret Laurence.

Plot
The storyline follows Morag Gunn from her tough childhood in Manitoba, Canada to middle-age adult life. A key theme of the movie is Morag's search for love. The story also introduces unique characters from the Manawaka series.  The film provides a glimpse into many ways that society creates outcasts socially. The film also explores mythology, as illustrated by Christie's Scottish Piper Gunn, Métis hero Jules Tonnerre, Morag's novel and songs by Skinner and Piquette. As Margaret Laurence's crowning achievement, The Diviners shows that truth and love can be "divined" in many ways.

Cast

Production
A film adaption of The Diviners starring Susan Clark was announced in Variety in 1977. Judy Steed and Joyce Wieland co-produced and Charles Pachter was an associate producer. Shooting was planned for spring 1978, and a release date of winter 1979. Eighteen investment units for the film were sold at $50,000 each. Eric Till was hired to direct and Margaret Atwood to write the screenplay, but both were fired. The producers considered making a pilot for a television series instead of a film. The film was never made and the film rights were given to the Canadian Film Development Corporation.

References

Works cited

External links

1993 television films
1993 films
CBC Television original films
Films set in Manitoba
Films directed by Anne Wheeler
Films based on Canadian novels
English-language Canadian films
Gemini and Canadian Screen Award for Best Television Film or Miniseries winners
Canadian drama television films
Films based on works by Margaret Laurence
1990s English-language films
1990s Canadian films


The 2009 edition of Copa del Rey de Balonmano took place in Granollers, city of the autonomous community of Catalonia. This tournament was played by the 8 first of the Liga ASOBAL when reached the half of the league.

All matches were played in Palau D'Esports de Granollers with capacity of 8,300 seats.

2008-09 participants
BM Ciudad Real
Barcelona Borges
Portland San Antonio
Reale Ademar León
Pevafersa Valladolid
Fraikin Granollers Host Team
CAI BM Aragón
Octavio Pilotes Posadas

Bracket

Quarterfinals
11 March 2009:

(8) Octavio Pilotes Posadas 34-36 (7) CAI BM Aragón: (19:00, GTM+1) (Official Match Report)

(4) Reale Ademar León 28-32 (1) BM Ciudad Real: (21:00, GTM+1) (Official Match Report)

12 March 2009:

(3) Portland San Antonio 32-30 (5) Pevafersa Valladolid: (19:00, GTM+1) (Official Match Report)

(6) Fraikin Granollers 25-30  (2) Barcelona Borges: (21:00, GTM+1) (Official Match Report)

SemiFinals
14 March 2009:

(7) CAI BM Aragón 29-33 (1) BM Ciudad Real: (18:00, GTM+1) (Official Match Report)

(3) Portland San Antonio 26-35 (2) Barcelona Borges: (20:00, GTM+1) (Official Match Report)

Final
15 March 2009:

(1) BM Ciudad Real 26-29 (2) Barcelona Borges: (18:00, GTM+1) (Official Match Report)

Copa del Rey de Balonmano 2008/09 Champion: Barcelona Borges.

Television Broadcasting
Teledeporte
TVE2

Organizer
Liga ASOBAL
Ajuntament de Granollers

Sponsors
Rehband Sport
Aegon
Kyocera
Škoda Auto
Mondo Ibérica
Santiveri
RENFE
SabadellAtlántico

External links
2008/2009 Copa del Rey Official Website
Granollers tourism site Official Website

Copa del Rey de Balonmano seasons
Copa


A Fringe of Leaves is the tenth published novel by the Australian novelist and 1973 Nobel Prize-winner, Patrick White.

Plot
A young Cornish woman, Ellen Roxburgh, travels to the Australian colony of Van Diemen's Land (now "Tasmania") in the early 1830s with her older husband, Austin, to visit his brother Garnet Roxburgh. After witnessing the brutalities of Van Diemen's Land, the Roxburghs embark on their return trip to England on the Bristol Maid. But the ship runs aground on the coral reef off the coast of what is now Queensland. Ellen is the only survivor from the leaky vessel in which the passengers and crew travel to the shore. She is rescued by the Aboriginal people of the island, and she later meets Jack Chance, a convict who has escaped from Moreton Bay (now Brisbane), the brutal penal settlement to the south. It is Chance who escorts her through the dangerous coastal territory south to the outskirts of the settlement, but who refuses to accompany her further and returns to his exile. She returns to "civilisation" transformed and tormented by her experience with Garnet in Van Diemen's Land, with the Aboriginal people, and with Chance.

The novel sets in sharp relief the distinctions between men and women, whites and blacks, the convicts and the free, and English colonists and Australian settlers. The contrast between Ellen's rural Cornish background and the English middle class she has married into is also highlighted.

Historical references
The shipwreck and rescue parts of the novel reflect the experiences of Eliza Fraser, who was also shipwrecked on the island that bears her name, met with an escaped convict who had lived alongside the island's Aboriginal people, and married a "Mr Jevons".  She, however, eventually returned to the UK.
White's novel is (arguably recursively) often cited about Fraser Island and Eliza Fraser.

References

1976 Australian novels
Novels by Patrick White
Novels set in Queensland
Novels set in the 1830s
Jonathan Cape books


VSG may refer to:

 Laminated safety glass (German: Verbundsicherheitsglas), a type of glass that holds together when shattered.
 Variable surface glycoprotein, a protein coating the surface of some infectious microorganisms (e.g. Trypanosoma brucei) and helping them to evade the host's immune system
 VDM Verlagsservicegesellschaft, a subsidiary of the German publishing group VDM Publishing
 Venetian Most Serene Government, a Venetian political organization.
 Verilog Standards Group, the body that develops and maintains the Verilog HDL
 Vermont State Guard, the state defense force of Vermont
 Vertical sleeve gastrectomy, a bariatric surgical technique
 Victoria Scout Group, one of the two Scout Groups in Victoria Institution, a school in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 Video Store Girl, one of the pseudonyms of Valerie D'Orazio, a popular comic book editor and writer
 VSG Altglienicke Berlin, a German sports club
 VSG, the Visualization Sciences Group, developers of Open Inventor and Avizo, popular 3D visualization software packages.
 VSG, IATA airport designator of the Luhansk International Airport, Luhansk, Ukraine
 VSG, ICAO airline designator of AirClass Airways (formerly Visig Operaciones Aéreas), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
 Xylene Blue VSG, another name for the colorant brilliant blue FCF (E133)


Ming Tak Bank () was a bank in Hong Kong.

The bank was owned and managed by Poon Kai-kwong who was also involved in construction and property businesses. And Poon was very active in investing in the property boom in the early 1960s in Hong Kong. In January 1965, the bank was taken over by the British Hong Kong Government but it later went bankrupt as a result of heavy losses from its property investment. This led to a series of bank runs in other small and medium-sized banks, and eventually a stock market crash.

References

Defunct banks of Hong Kong
Banks disestablished in 1965


Silver Bay is a hamlet in the town of Hague in Warren County, New York, United States. It lies on a small bay on Lake George and is the site of a YMCA conference center. The conference center is one of only a few of its type in the United States and is host to many large groups throughout the year. The center was started in 1900 and has grown ever since. Notable structures include the historic Hepbron Hall, built in 1901, a sprawling Victorian Mansion built in 1895 called Paine Hall, a 700-person auditorium built in 1909, Helen Hughes Chapel, built in 1921, Fisher Gymnasium (1917) and the Boathouse. Many of the buildings are excellent examples of Arts & Crafts Style Architecture. There is also a traditional-style Ice Cream Parlor open during the summer. The Silver Bay YMCA Conference & Family Retreat Center was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Silver Bay is also the home of the Hacker Boat Co., the oldest builder of motorboats in the world.
Silver Bay YMCA is the site of the first historic encampment of the BSA (Boy Scouts of America), founded in 1910.

Silver Bay YMCA's Inn
A landmark in Silver Bay is the Silver Bay Inn, which was built in 1904.

References

Hamlets in New York (state)
Glens Falls metropolitan area
Hamlets in Warren County, New York


Aneurin Barnard (; ; born 8 May 1987) is a Welsh actor. He is known for playing Davey in Hunky Dory, Claude in The Truth About Emanuel, Bobby Willis in Cilla, Tim in Thirteen, King Richard III in The White Queen, William in Dead in a Week or Your Money Back, Gibson in Dunkirk, and Boris Pavlikovsky in The Goldfinch.

Early life
Barnard was born in Bridgend in Wales on 8 May 1987, the son of factory worker June and coal miner Terry Barnard. His first language is Welsh. He attended Ysgol Gyfun Llanhari in Rhondda Cynon Taf during his secondary school years. Barnard trained at the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama, graduating in 2008, and was credited as a RWCMD Associate Award in 2019.

Career

Theatre
Barnard was just 11 years of age when he began involvement in theatre work at the Bridgend County Youth Theatre in 1999. Whilst a student at drama school, he appeared in productions of The Caucasian Chalk Circle, Hobson’s Choice, The Importance of Being Earnest and West Side Story, in which he played Tony. He was also involved in a radio production of Under Milk Wood.

He played Melchior, one of the three leads, in the London premiere of the Tony Award-winning musical Spring Awakening, which opened in February 2009 at the Lyric Hammersmith. The play later transferred to the Novello Theatre in March 2009, running until May 2009. For his performance, Barnard won the Laurence Olivier Award.

Screen
Barnard starred in HTV Wales series Jacob's Ladder as a 16-year-old. He has appeared in guest roles in TV series Doctors, Casualty, Shameless, and Y Pris. He has also appeared in the short TV films The Big Day, Night on the Tiles and the BAFTA Cymru-winning Owl Creek Bridge.

In 2011 Barnard starred in Hunky Dory, co-starring with  Minnie Driver. Barnard played the role of Davey and in the film sang songs from the era such as David Bowie's "Life on Mars" and The Who's "Love Reign O'er Me".

In January 2012 Barnard starred as photographer David Bailey in the television film We'll Take Manhattan. He also appeared in the 2012 horror movie Elfie Hopkins. Barnard then appeared in the lead role in Vertigo Films's Guinea Pigs, a micro-budget horror film about volunteers fighting for their lives after a drug trial goes wrong. Later in 2012 he starred in the horror-thriller film Citadel.

In 2012, Barnard filmed the fantasy adventure movie The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box throughout the South West of England, playing the title role of Mariah Mundi alongside Michael Sheen. The movie was released in 2014. Barnard also featured in Trap for Cinderella (2013), and as Claude in Francesca Gregorini's drama thriller, The Truth About Emanuel. In 2013, Barnard portrayed King Richard III of England in the television series The White Queen on BBC One. He also appeared as John Trenchard in a two-part Sky TV adaptation of Moonfleet.

In 2017, he also appeared in the film Bitter Harvest. He played the music manager Bobby Willis in ITV's 3-part drama Cilla.

In 2016, he starred as Prince Boris Drubetskoy in Andrew Davies's television adaptation of Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace, broadcast on BBC One, for which he was nominated for Best Actor (Yr Actor Gorau). He starred as Tim Hobson, boyfriend of Ivy Moxham, (played by Jodie Comer) in the BBC 5 part drama Thirteen.

In 2017, Barnard had the lead role as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in Interlude in Prague. The following year, he played William in British comedy, Dead in a Week or Your Money Back. In 2022, it was announced that Barnard would appear in the fourteenth series of Doctor Who as Roger ap Gwilliam.

In 2021, Barnard starred in the BBC One prison drama Time alongside Sean Bean and Stephen Graham earning a second nomination for Best Actor (Yr Actor Gorau).

Barnard starred as Ryan in the Channel 5 series The Catch in January 2023, alongside Jason Watkins and Poppy Gilbert. In 2023 he filmed the BBC television feature Men Up, about the first clinical trials for the drug Viagra that took place in Swansea in 1994.

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Alumni of the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama
Living people
Laurence Olivier Award winners
People from Bridgend
Welsh male film actors
Welsh male stage actors
Welsh male television actors
1987 births
21st-century Welsh male actors


Jubilee Wood comprises  of mixed woodland with rocky outcrops. It was presented to Leicestershire County Council in 1977 to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II.

The site is adjoining The Outwoods, managed by Charnwood Borough Council.

References

Parks and open spaces in Leicestershire


Grunwald  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grunwald, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. The village is chiefly known for a historic battle which took place there, namely the 1410 Battle of Grunwald between Polish-Lithuanian and Teutonic Knights forces.

Geography
It lies approximately  south of Ostróda and  south-west of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located within the historic region of Masuria.

History
On 15 July 1410, the Battle of Grunwald was fought near the village (in the direction of the Stębark village). In it, Polish–Lithuanian forces commanded by King Władysław II Jagiełło defeated the Teutonic Knights. It was one of the largest battles in medieval Europe and one of the most important and magnificent victories in the history of Poland and Lithuania. The Grunwald Battlefield, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland, is located nearby. Festivities and battle reenactments take place every year on the battle anniversary.

After the battle, the King of Poland, Władysław II Jagiełło, intended to erect a chapel on the battlefield at "loco conflictus nostri ... dicto Grunenvelt". Despite the Polish–Lithuanian victory in the battle and the war, the battle site initially remained under the control of the Teutonic Order, which built a chapel dedicated to Mary instead. In 1454, King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region to the Kingdom of Poland upon the request of the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation. After the subsequent Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466), it became a part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Knights. The village was mentioned in the 15th-century Latin chronicles as Grunenvelt. Chronicler Jan Długosz used the Polish name Grunwald, and that name was used in Polish historiography since.

After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II, in accordance to the Potsdam Agreement, the village became again part of Poland. A museum and memorial site are located in the fields where the battle was fought, roughly in the middle of a triangle, with Stębark and Łodwigowo.

References

Grunwald
Battlefields in Poland


Infanta Margarita Teresa in a Pink Dress is a 1660 oil on canvas portrait of Margaret Theresa of Spain by the Spanish painter Diego Velázquez, though his identification as its author is not considered secure. It is now in the Prado Museum in Madrid.

It was generally considered to be the last work in his oeuvre, with the dress by Velázquez himself and the head (left unfinished on Velázquez's death) and the bottom of the curtains completed by his pupil Juan Bautista del Mazo. However, recent studies by experts suggest it may be entirely by Mazo. The Prado Museum currently assigns the work to Mazo.

Its subject was the royal most frequently portrayed by Velázquez, also appearing in his Las Meninas and Infanta Margarita Teresa in a Blue Dress. In the final years of his life he spent long periods producing portraits of her to send to the Austrian court for political reasons and in response to certain matrimonial arrangements made between the two courts. Infanta Margarita Teresa in a Blue Dress is still in Vienna as are two 1652-53 portraits of her aged one or two in a silver and pink dress. A replica of the latter of the two, with variations, is in the Liria Palace in Madrid, though this is attributed to another painter.

Until the 19th century the painting was misidentified as a portrait of Infanta Maria Theresa of Spain, child of Philip IV of Spain's first marriage (with Elisabeth of France) and later wife of Louis XIV of France. In an 1872 catalogue by the painter Pedro de Madrazo, then the Prado's director, it was still misidentified in this way. Later research revealed that it actually is Margaret Theresa, child of Philip IV's second marriage to Mariana of Austria. It was especially admired by the Impressionists and painters of subsequent movements for the lightness of its stroke.

See also
 List of works by Diego Velázquez

Notes

References
Museo del Prado. Pintura española de los siglos XVI y XVII. Enrique Lafuente Ferrari. Aguilar S.A. 1964

External link
Work on its authorship
Information at Prado Museum website

Portraits by Diego Velázquez in the Museo del Prado
1660 paintings
17th-century portraits
Philip IV of Spain
Portraits by Diego Velázquez


The Silver Bay Association Complex, known as Silver Bay YMCA Conference and Family Retreat Center, has been in operation since 1902. The YMCA campus is located in the hamlet of Silver Bay, New York, United States. It began as a farmhouse, and in the 1890s it was expanded and became a lodge capable of supporting 80 to 100 people. In 1897, Silas Paine, a Standard Oil executive, vacationed at the resort and decided to buy a portion of land adjacent to the property. In 1898, Silas had a large resort addition linked to the original house, and between 1900 and 1901 he added several cottages to the complex. The structure was bought by the YMCA in 1904, and assumed its final, well-preserved form during expansions between 1925 and 1926 under the supervision of architect William E. Clark (1882–1935). The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 20, 1980. Architecturally, the Inn at Silver Bay is described as being in the Queen Anne style.

References

External links
 Silver Bay YMCA - Conference & Family Retreat Center

Hotel buildings completed in 1926
Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Queen Anne architecture in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Warren County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Warren County, New York
NXIVM


DIW may refer to:
 DIW Records, a Japanese record label
 "Doing It Wrong", scuba diving violating "Doing It Right" safety rules
 Deionized water
 Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, the German Institute for Economic Research
[DIW]  Navy Dead in the Water


Lodi Khel لودی خیل is a small Town located in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

It is a Shia dominated area and the main Pashtun tribe living there is Bangash

Post Address - Village And Post Office Lodi Khel District And Tehsil Hangu

Postal Code - 26196

Coordinates and location type

Area Type: Populated place
Location Type: Populated Place
Latitude: 33.58972
Longitude: 71.16972
Latitude (DMS): 33° 35' 23 N
Longitude (DMS): 71° 10' 11 E

 Populated places in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


Power Politics is a book of poetry by Canadian author Margaret Atwood, published in 1971.

It contains her famous simile:

The violent surprise of this poem is typical of Atwood’s imagery.

Gender is a crucial theme in Power Politics. The collection was often dismissed as a poetic version of Women's Lib although Atwood herself rejected the notion that the Women's Movement influenced the conception of Power Politics.

Notes

External links

1971 poetry books
Poetry by Margaret Atwood
Canadian poetry collections
House of Anansi Press books


Dag Martin Mikkelsen (born 25 June 1986 in Stavanger) is a Norwegian professional poker player, known online as "dmmikkel". At the 2007 World Series of Poker Main Event Mikkelsen was at one time the chip leader but eventually finished the tournament in 42nd place, winning the largest sum a Norwegian had ever won in WSOP at that time. He is also known for getting a Royal Flush on camera during WSOP, which has the probability of 1 in 124 000.

Mikkelsen started playing poker as a 17-year-old attending St. Olav High School. He continued playing poker recreationally while working as a truck driver in the Norwegian Army.

Mikkelsen finished fourth in the 2009 European Poker Tour Grand Final in Monte Carlo. He started the final day as the chip-leader and held it until the final 4, when he got eliminated.

Mikkelsen was sponsored by Full Tilt Poker in 2007.

Career
List of meritorious achievement:
 2nd Final in $1 million guarantee tournament online.
 Most Winning the world over 12 months (until November 2006) of $300 to $1000 Turbo SitnGo.
 22nd place EPT Barcelona 2007.
 4th place in the Paddy Power Irish Open, Dublin.
 5th place in the Paddy Power Irish Open, Dublin (Omaha).

References

External links
European Poker Tour profile
Poker Pages profile

Norwegian poker players
1986 births
Living people


Sence Valley Forest Park is located between Ibstock and   Heather in North West Leicestershire, and within the National Forest, England.

It is situated on the site of a former open cast mine where, between 1982 and 1996, eight million tonnes of coal were extracted by opencast mining. The 60-hectare site has since been transformed by tree planting and the creation of lakes and is now managed by Forestry England. The River Sence flows through the park. A series of paths provide access to a picnic area and the various fishing opportunities. There are also toilets and parking facilities for both the able bodied and the disabled.

The park is also home to Sence Valley Forest Park parkrun, a free timed 5km running and walking event held every Saturday at 9am.

References

External links

Parks and open spaces in Leicestershire


True Stories is a collection of poetry by Canadian author Margaret Atwood, published in 1981. The collection is dedicated to poet Carolyn Forché with whom Atwood had discussed her trip to El Salvador as a member of Amnesty International, and the poems both directly and indirectly discuss her views regarding human rights in third-world nations.

The poems of True Stories confront the nature of poetry, question whether they may be conventionally defined as poetry. They diverge from the themes established in her previous poetry; they explore themes of atrocity, of war and torture. Ultimately, they confront whether “poems come from such horrors?”.

Notes

External links

1981 poetry books
Poetry by Margaret Atwood
Canadian poetry collections
Oxford University Press books


SDF3, SDF-3, Sdf3, Sdf-3 may represent:

 Spatial data file 3 (SDF3)
 Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1, SDF1, Sdf1)
 Stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1a, SDF1a, Sdf1α)
 Stromal cell-derived factor-2 (SDF-2, SDF2, Sdf2)
 Stromal cell-derived factor-3 (SDF-3, SDF3, Sdf3)
 Stromal cell-derived factor-4 (SDF-4, SDF4, Sdf4)
 SDF-3 Pioneer Super Dimensional Fortress, a massive spaceship from the animated series Robotech
 Dataflow SDF: For Free (SDF3)


Michel Roux (1 September 1924, in Angoulême – 4 February 1998, in Paris) was a French baritone, an established principal at the Paris Opéra who also enjoyed an international career.

Life and career
Roux was the son of a printer for medicinal packaging and worked with his father. As a rugby player, he often sang at post-match meals. His father encouraged him to take vocal training, which he began after having broken an arm during a match. Roux studied at the Bordeaux Conservatoire and in Paris, making his operatic debut on 5 October 1949 in Lakmé at the Opéra-Comique, going on to sing in Les Contes d'Hoffmann, Manon and Pelléas and Mélisande, creating l'Aveugle in Madame Bovary in 1951, and remaining a principal singer there until 1955.

His debut at La Scala came in 1953 as Golaud, a role that became central to his repertory. From 1956 to 1970 Roux sang annually at Glyndebourne, making his debut as Count Almaviva in Le Nozze di Figaro. His American debut was at the Lyric Opera of Chicago in 1959; he also appeared at the Vienna Staatsoper and the Deutsche Oper in Berlin, as well as in Amsterdam, Brussels, and Lisbon.

Roux was known as an intelligent singer and a vivid stage actor. In later life he taught at the École Normale de Musique de Paris. In 1983 he took the title role in a revival of Christiné's Phi-Phi at the Théâtre des Bouffes Parisiens.

His many recordings include: Raimbaud (Le Comte Ory), Escamillo (Carmen), Golaud (Pelléas et Mélisande), Mizgir (The Snow Maiden), Gondremarck (La Vie parisienne), Calchas (La belle Hélène), and Mephistophélès (La damnation de Faust).

References

1924 births
1998 deaths
French operatic baritones
20th-century French male opera singers


Wu Yuanheng (; 758 – 13 July 815), courtesy name Bocang (伯蒼), formally Duke Zhongmin of Linhuai (臨淮忠湣公), was a Chinese poet and politician during the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xianzong. Wu descended from a family of officials related to Empress Wu Zetian of Zhou and rose in the Tang bureaucracy during Emperor Dezong's reign, holding senior positions in the provinces and at court. After Dezong's grandson Xianzong ascended the throne, Wu became a chancellor and later served with distinction as governor of Xichuan Circuit in modern Chengdu, where he was a patron of the eminent poet Xue Tao. He returned to court in 813 to serve as chancellor and director of the examination bureau, and in that capacity supervised the court's campaign against the Henan warlord Wu Yuanji. On 13 July 815, Wu was assassinated in the imperial capital of Chang'an by agents of Wu Yuanji's ally Li Shidao, the military governor of Pinglu Circuit in Shandong.

Background
Wu Yuanheng was born in 758, during the reign of Emperor Suzong.  His family was from Henan Municipality (河南, i.e., the region of the Tang dynasty eastern capital Luoyang).  His great-grandfather Wu Zaide () was, according to Wu Yuanheng's biographies in the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang, a younger cousin of Wu Zetian, Emperor Suzong's great-grandmother and the female ruler who interrupted Tang rule from 690 to 705 — although, according to the table of the chancellors' family trees in the New Book of Tang, it was Wu Zaide's father Wu Renfan () who was a cousin of Wu Zetian's, as Wu Renfan was a son of Wu Zetian's uncle Wu Shiyi ().  Wu Zaide carried the title of Prince of Yingchuan during Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, and at some point served as a prefectural prefect.  Wu Yuanheng's grandfather Wu Pingyi () served as an imperial scholar, while his father Wu Jiu () served as an imperial censor.

During Emperor Dezong's reign
Wu Yuanheng passed the imperial examinations, probably during the reign of Emperor Suzong's grandson Emperor Dezong.  He then served on the staffs of a number of military governors (Jiedushi), before serving as the magistrate of Huayuan County (華原, near the Tang capital Chang'an).  It was said that at the time many generals with accomplishments often, because of their accomplishment, disturbed the people and the officials, and Wu, unable to deal with them, resigned after claiming an illness, spending his time in relaxation, feasts, and poems.  However, Emperor Dezong knew of his abilities and recalled him to serve as Bibu Yuanwailang (), a low-level official at the ministry of rites (禮部, Libu).  After about a year, he was promoted to be Zuosi Langzhong (), one of the chief secretaries at the executive bureau of government (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng).  In 804, he was promoted to be deputy chief imperial censor (御史中丞, Yushi Zhongcheng).  On one occasion, after he finished making reports to Emperor Dezong and was leaving, Emperor Dezong saw him off and commented to the imperial attendants, "Wu Yuanheng truly has the ability to be a chancellor."

During Emperor Shunzong's reign
In 805, Emperor Dezong died and was succeeded by his severely ill son Emperor Shunzong.  Emperor Shunzong's associate Wang Shuwen became very powerful, and a group of officials gathered around him.  Many of those persons were imperial censors serving under Wu, and as Wu despised Wang, he did not treat these associates of Wang's with great respect.  Further, when Wu was put in charge of managing the construction of Emperor Dezong's tomb, Wang's associate Liu Yuxi wanted to serve as Wu's deputy but was denied the position.  Further, when Wang wanted to draw Wu into his party, Wu resisted.  Wang therefore had Wu made a member of the staff of Li Chun the Crown Prince.  Li Chun thus got the chance to meet Wu at his investiture as crown prince.

During Emperor Xianzong's reign
Later in the year, Emperor Shunzong passed the throne to Li Chun (as Emperor Xianzong).  Once Emperor Xianzong took the throne, he had Wu Yuanheng restored to the position of deputy chief imperial censor, and it was said that Wu was fair and organized, earning the respect of many.  He was soon made the deputy minister of census (戶部侍郎, Hubu Shilang).  In spring 807, Wu was made Menxia Shilang (), the deputy head of the examination bureau (門下省, Menxia Sheng), and made a de facto chancellor with the title Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (), along with Li Jifu.

Almost immediately thereafter, Emperor Xianzong was faced with the situation where Li Qi the military governor of Zhenhai Circuit (鎮海, headquartered in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), who had initially offered to come to the capital to pay homage to him, instead requested a deferral.  When Emperor Xianzong consulted the chancellors, Wu stated:

Emperor Xianzong agreed and issued an edict summoning Li Qi.  Li Qi, receiving the edict, panicked and rebelled, and was soon captured by his own subordinates, delivered to Chang'an, and executed.  Later that year, when the general Gao Chongwen, who had in 806 become the military governor of Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu, Sichuan), offered to resign his position to be moved to a border circuit, Emperor Xianzong looked for an appropriate replacement for Gao but was unable to find one quickly, and so made Wu the military governor of Xichuan, still carrying chancellor title as an honorary title.  Wu had previously carried the title of Count of Yaoxiao, and Emperor Xianzong upgraded his title to Duke of Linhuai.  It was said that when Gao left the circuit, he carried all kinds of treasures with him; by contrast, Wu lived and governed frugally, and after three years of governance, both the government and the populace were comforted.  He also was gentle with the non-Han tribes and stopped his soldiers from harassing them.  He was further said to be careful in his actions, and that while he did not spend much time meeting guests, he was nevertheless able to retain a highly capable staff.

In 813, Wu was recalled to Chang'an to again serve as Menxia Shilang and chancellor.  It was said that at that time, his fellow chancellors Li Jifu and Li Jiang often disputed with each other, and that he was the moderate between their opinions.  After Li Jifu's death in 814, Emperor Xianzong put Wu in charge of managing the campaign against the warlord Wu Yuanji, who then controlled Zhangyi Circuit (彰義, headquartered in Zhumadian, Henan.

Meanwhile, Wu Yuanji's allies Wang Chengzong the military governor of Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei) and Li Shidao the military governor of Pinglu Circuit (平盧, headquartered in modern Tai'an, Shandong), were repeatedly pleading on Wu Yuanji's behalf for an imperial pardon, but Emperor Xianzong refused their requests.  A group of assassins that Li Shidao had retained persuaded Li Shidao that if Wu Yuanheng were assassinated, the other chancellors would be fearful and would urge an end of the campaign.  Li Shidao agreed and sent them to Chang'an to prepare to assassinate Wu Yuanheng.  Meanwhile, Wang had sent his officer Yin Shaoqing () to report to Wu Yuanheng; when Yin did, Yin was insolent, and Wu Yuanheng had him expelled from the office of chancellors.  Thereafter, Wang submitted petitions defaming Wu Yuanheng.

On 13 July 815, before dawn, Wu Yuanheng was set to go to the palace for a meeting with Emperor Xianzong.  As he left his house, suddenly, arrows were fired at his train.  His servants all fled, and the assassins seized Wu and his horse, and then decapitated him, taking his head with them.  The assassins also attacked another official who favored the campaign, Pei Du, but was unable to kill Pei.  The people at the capital were shocked, and imperial guards were assigned to protect chancellors.  The officials, for some time, would not dare to leave their houses until dawn.  The assassins sent letters to the imperial guards and the governments of Jingzhao Municipality (京兆, i.e., the Chang'an region) and the counties, threatening to kill anyone who dared to pursue them, and it was said that the officials thus did not hunt for them diligently, despite Emperor Xianzong's stern orders.  Meanwhile, a group of eight Chengde officers stationed at Chang'an, headed by Zhang Yan ().  Wang Chengzong's uncle Wang Shize (), who had become a general in the imperial Shence Army after a dispute with Wang Chengzong, submitted a petition accusing Wang Chengzong of having sent Zhang and the other Chengde officers to kill Wu Yuanheng.  Emperor Xianzong had Zhang and the others arrested and interrogated by the mayor of Jingzhao, Pei Wu (), and the imperial censor Chen Zhongshi ().  Under intense interrogation, probably including torture, Zhang and the others confessed to assassinating Wu and were executed.  The assassins sent by Li Shidao fled.  Emperor Xianzong declared a five-day mourning period for Wu Yuanheng and gave him great posthumous honors.

See also
Bai Juyi

Notes

References
 Old Book of Tang, vol. 158.
 New Book of Tang, vol. 152.
 Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 236, 237, 239.

External links
Books of the Quan Tangshi that include collected poems of Wu Yuanheng at the Chinese Text Project:
Book 316
Book 317

758 births
815 deaths
8th-century Chinese poets
9th-century Chinese poets
Assassinated Chinese politicians
Assassinated government officials
Chancellors under Emperor Xianzong of Tang
Poets from Henan
Politicians from Luoyang
Tang dynasty generals from Henan
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Xichuan Circuit
Tang dynasty poets
Writers from Luoyang
Medieval assassinated people


Eletipadu is located in the West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India, just west of the river Godavari. It is one of the oldest villages beside Pekeru town and Ithempudi. Historically, Eletipadu's main industry is agriculture.

Demographics
 Census of India, Eletipadu had a population of 1852. The total population constitute, 939 males and 913 females with a sex ratio of 972 females per 1000 males. 163 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, with sex ratio of 791. The average literacy rate stands at 81.71%.

References

Villages in West Godavari district


Beamus  Pierce aka Eagle Feather (May 7, 1895 – March 10, 1950) was a professional football player who played in the National Football League during the 1922 and 1923 seasons. He played college football at the Carlisle Indian School, located in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, before joining the NFL's Oorang Indians. The Indians were a team based in LaRue, Ohio, composed only of Native Americans, and coached by Jim Thorpe. Eagle Feather was a Mohican.

On October 8, 1922, Eagle Feather and teammate Joe Guyon made history by making the Indians the first-team with two 100-yard rushers in one game. That game Guyon ran for 116 yards and 2 touchdowns off of 13 carries. Meanwhile, Eagle Feather ran for 109 yards on 16 carries for 1 touchdown as the Indians beat the Columbus Panhandles 20–6. During that game Eagle Feather's runs up the middle of the field were referred to as the main feature of the Oorang offense. He also served the team as a blocking back for Guyon in 13–6 loss to the Minneapolis Marines.

References
NFL Uniform Numbers
What's an Oorang?

Notes

1895 births
1950 deaths
Players of American football from New York (state)
People from Chautauqua County, New York
20th-century Native Americans
Native American sportspeople
Carlisle Indians football players
Oorang Indians players


Technicolor is the second album released by Gospel musical group Parachute Band. Released on October 14, 2008, the album features 11 new tracks drawing on the concept that God’s living water equals life in all its color. Technicolor debuted at #10 on the U.S. Christian/Gospel charts.

The album would later peak at #6 on the NZ album charts after the Parachute Music festival in January 2009.

Track listing

Personnel
Mark de Jong - executive producer
Nic Manders - producer
Sam de Jong - producer
Omega Levine - Vocals
Sam de Jong - drums, guitars
Alister Wood - Keys
Rhys Machell - Bass
Jeff Parsons - guitars

Charts

References

External links
 Parachute Music
 Parachute Band Myspace

2008 albums
Parachute Band albums
Albums produced by Sam de Jong


The Juan Fernández hotspot is a volcanic hotspot located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. The hotspot created the Juan Fernández Ridge which includes the Juan Fernández Archipelago and a long seamount chain that is being subducted in the Peru–Chile Trench at the site of Papudo giving origin to the Norte Chico Volcanic Gap.

See also
Easter hotspot
Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault
Patagonian Volcanic Gap

Volcanism of Chile
Hotspots of the Pacific Ocean
Juan Fernández Islands


The Gypsy Cried may refer to:

"The Gypsy Cried" (song), a 1962 hit song by American singer-songwriter Lou Christie
 "The Gypsy Cried", a 1989 episode of Married... with Children


Readings by Jack Kerouac on the Beat Generation is the third and final spoken word album by the American novelist and poet Jack Kerouac, released in January 1960 on Verve Records. The album was recorded during 1959, prior to the publication of Kerouac's sixth novel, Doctor Sax.

Composition
Jack Kerouac had released Poetry for the Beat Generation and Blues and Haikus (1959) following the publication of The Dharma Bums. Both albums featured jazz-based accompaniment, however, for Readings by Jack Kerouac on the Beat Generation, Kerouac had decided to record the album solely in spoken word. Despite having no musical accompaniment, biographer Gerald Nicosia stated that "the musicality of Kerouac's art is best exemplified by the Readings album."

Several readings on the album are from several of Kerouac's written works. The opening track, "San Francisco Scene (The Beat Generation)," is read from extracts of Desolation Angels. Extracts from the eponymous novel The Subterraneans and poetry collection San Francisco Blues are also featured. "Visions of Neal" features extracts from the original drafts of Kerouac's most notable novel On the Road.

Packaging
The front cover of the album features a picture of Kerouac tuning a radio, taken by photographer and musician John Cohen and other photography by Robert Frank is featured elsewhere on the album's artwork. Readings by Jack Kerouac on the Beat Generation also included liner notes written by Jack Kerouac's close friend and fellow Beat writer Allen Ginsberg. Later CD pressings of the album reproduced Ginsberg's liner notes on fifteen illustrated postcards, addressed to Kerouac.

Release
Readings by Jack Kerouac on the Beat Generation was released in January 1960 on Verve Records on LP. In June 1990, Rhino Entertainment reissued the album on CD as part of the box set The Jack Kerouac Collection, also featuring Poetry for the Beat Generation, Blues and Haikus and The Last Word. The CD reissue included a bonus track, "Is There a Beat Generation?", a live lecture by Kerouac to students of Hunter College in Manhattan, New York on November 6, 1958. A remastered CD version was issued on October 28, 1997 on Verve Records.

Upon its release, the album received minimal critical reception. Allmusic reviewer Bruce Eder has since called Readings by Jack Kerouac on the Beat Generation "a solo performance that transcends poetry and music" and added "it's literally spoken jazz [...] Kerouac's most musical performance [...] using his voice and language the way a saxophonist might improvise on a particular melodic line or riff. He's spellbinding throughout, intense, focused, and even subtly changing voices with the work itself." Eder awarded the album a full five-star rating. The album was later nominated for the 1999 Grammy Award for Best Recording Package.

Track listing

Personnel
All personnel credits adapted from the album's liner notes.

Performer
Jack Kerouac – voice

Technical personnel
Bill Randle – producer
Fred W. Meyer – mastering
Richard Seidel – executive producer
Aric Lach Morrison – producer
Robert Silverburg – assistant producer
Michael Lang – supervisor
Ben Young – technician

Design personnel
Robert Frank – photography
John Cohen – photography
Allen Ginsberg – photography, liner notes
Randy Hutton – liner notes
Peter Pullman – liner notes editor
Chika Azuma – art direction, design
Nichell Delvaille – design

Notes
A  Denotes personnel on the 1990 CD reissue.

References

1960 albums
Jack Kerouac albums
Albums produced by Bob Thiele