John Riley Holt, FRS (15 February 1918 – 6 January 2009) was an English experimental physicist who played a part in the development of the atom bomb and later became one of the pioneers of elementary particle physics research.

Early life and education
Holt was born in Runcorn, Cheshire, England, in 1918, his father being a worker in a boat-building yard, and his mother the owner of a bakery and confectionery shop.  He was educated in Runcorn and in 1934 at the age of 16 became an undergraduate in the physics department at the University of Liverpool.  The following year James Chadwick was appointed Professor of Physics at the university, shortly after he had been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for proving the existence of the neutron.  During the time that Holt was a student, Chadwick built a cyclotron, then a newly invented research tool, in the physics department.  Holt graduated with first class honours in 1938 and won the Oliver Lodge Prize.  Chadwick took him on as a research student describing him as "the best research student he had ever supervised".

Career and research
During the Second World War, Chadwick formed a team, which included Holt, to perform measurements, some of which involved the cyclotron, to confirm the findings in the Frisch–Peierls memorandum relating to the critical mass required for an atomic bomb.  Some of the experiments were performed in a Liverpool Underground station during the Liverpool blitz.  This work led to Holt completing his PhD in 1941.  The thesis describes his work on artificial radioactivity, but his findings on uranium, which related to the bomb, were not released for security reasons.  Holt's work played a part in proving the feasibility of the production of a nuclear weapon.

Following the war, Holt was appointed lecturer at the University of Liverpool in 1946 and Professor of Experimental Physics in 1966.  He was involved with the design of a larger cyclotron and in 1949, with C. T. Young discovered low-energy deuteron stripping.  Using the more powerful synchrocyclotron, Holt's team carried out experiments on the weak interaction responsible for the decay of the muon, which played a large part in the current understanding of the Standard Model.  In the early 1960s Holt was involved with the design of the electromagnets for the electron synchrotron at Daresbury Laboratory and in 1964 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.  In the 1970s and 1980s he led the Liverpool group in the European Muon Collaboration at CERN.  This group investigated proton structure and discovered that proton spin was not carried by the valence quarks, which overturned the previous predictions.  Holt retired in 1983.

References

1918 births
2009 deaths
English physicists
British nuclear physicists
People associated with CERN
Experimental physicists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
Academics of the University of Liverpool
People from Runcorn


Y Cymmrodor ('The Welshman') was the annual journal of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, published between 1821 and 1951.  It contained essays and lectures on historical and literary topics and Welsh poetry.

Y Cymmrodor was first published in 1821 (an unnumbered volume), followed by a four-part volume published between 1822 (part I) and 1843 (part 4).  It contained essays and lectures on historical and literary topics and Welsh poetry. The series came to an end in 1843.

A new series of Y Cymmrodor was begun in 1877 (vol. 1), containing historical and literary essays. In 1939 (vol. 46) it changed character to become a series of single-volume editions of major Welsh historical sources. The series ended in 1951 (vol. 50), its functions having been taken over by the Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion.

The journal is being digitised by the Welsh Journals Online project at the National Library of Wales and is considered by the Library as one of "the most significant journal and periodical titles" in Wales.  It has also been digitised by Google and MSN and published on the Internet Archive.

Editors
Robert Jones (Y Cymmrodor, volumes 1 – 2)
Thomas Powell (Y Cymmrodor, volumes 3 – 7)
Egerton Phillimore (Y Cymmrodor 8 – 11)
E. Vincent Evans (Y Cymmrodor, volumes 13 – 22).

References

External links

Magazines published in Wales
History magazines
Magazines established in 1821
Magazines disestablished in 1951
Annual magazines published in the United Kingdom
Welsh-language magazines
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom


The Noisebox EP is Elbow's very first release and EP, limited to 150 copies. At the time, the band was still unsigned with any record label. It contains three early, original versions of songs ("Powder Blue", "Red" and "Can't Stop") that would be re-recorded and released on the full-length album Asleep in the Back, three years later.

The other two songs "George Lassoes the Moon" and "Theme from Munroe Kelly" were never released on any full-length album. However, a newer version of both tracks were released on The Any Day Now EP and the "Not a Job" DVD.

The simple black-and-white cover of the EP contains the recording info, copyrights, thank you notes, track listing and lyrics to "George Lassoes the Moon".

Tracks 1,2,4 and 5 from the EP are featured on a three-disc deluxe edition of Asleep in the Back, released on 26 October 2009. Track 3, "George Lassoes the Moon", was omitted from the deluxe edition and the release contained a live version of the song instead.

Track listing

1999 debut EPs
Elbow (band) albums


Kokis () is a deep-fried, crispy Sri Lankan food made from rice flour and coconut milk. Although considered as a traditional Sri Lankan dish, it is believed to have come from the Dutch. This is an important dish when celebrating Sinhala New Year and plays a major role in the festivities.

Etymology and history
Although kokis is considered as a traditional Sri Lankan dish, it is believed to be of Dutch origin, from the time when parts of the country were under Dutch rule during the Kandyan period. Its name may have been derived from the word koekjes, meaning cookies or biscuits in the Dutch language. The Swedish rosette and the Persian Nan panjereh would be the most similar dishes to the Sri Lankan kokis. The Indian biscuit, Nankhatai, also bears some similarities with kokis. An almost identical snack, Achappam, exists among Christian community in the south west Indian state of Kerala

Significance during the Sinhala new year
Sinhalese people prepare and consume a number of traditional dishes, including kokis, to celebrate their new year in mid-April. These are traditionally prepared by the women of the household, usually a few days before the new year. Nowadays however, they are made mostly by older women, as many people of the younger generation lack the time or the skill and knowledge required to make them due to their busy lifestyles.

Description

A special mold of decorative shape such as a flower is used to make kokis. This is called a kokis achchuwa (). It is also called Rosette cookies in English. This mold is coated in a thick batter made from rice flour, coconut milk and beaten eggs. Sugar and salt may be added to the mixture as well. The batter-covered mold is dipped in boiling coconut oil, and the kokis is shaken off the mold and into the oil when it is half cooked and allowed to deep fry until ready. The cooked dish is crispy, and may be served hot or after cooling down. The oil is usually drained on paper before serving. It may also be prepared using wheat flour, as an alternative to the traditional rice flour.

Kokis may be consumed as a dessert, and also as an appetizer or snack. It is also commonly served with kiribath and other traditional sweets, which are collectively referred to as sweetmeats or rasa kavili (), particularly at new year celebrations and other auspicious occasions.

Health effects
Like most of the traditional Sri Lankan sweetmeats, kokis is a food that has a high energy-density. As an oily and fatty food, there is a risk of it causing heart diseases and narrowing of blood vessels.

See also
Achappam
Nankhatai
Rosette (cookie)

References

External links

How To Make Kokis on srilankacooking.com

Sri Lankan desserts and sweets
Foods containing coconut
Deep fried foods
Dutch Ceylon
Sinhalese New Year foods


"One Step Ahead" is a song by American soul singer Aretha Franklin. The single containing the song was released by Columbia Records in 1965. "One Step Ahead" was the A-side of the single, and peaked at #18 on the Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart. The B-side, "I Can't Wait Until I See My Baby's Face," was taken from her 1964 album Runnin' Out Of Fools. The single was released two years before Aretha achieved stardom when she joined Atlantic Records.

"One Step Ahead" was not included on any of her Columbia studio albums, and remains one of her rarest releases

In 1999, hip-hop producer Ayatollah sampled its chorus for the track "Ms. Fat Booty", produced for Mos Def.

The same vocal part was sampled by Clutchy Hopkins for his "Sleepers Never Dig, Diggers Never Sleep Bootleg" and High Contrast for his song "Remind Me".

In 2022, hip-hop and rap producer DJ Scheme sampled multiple segments from the song, including the chorus part sampled in "Ms. Fat Booty", for "Surround Sound" which he produced for JID's album The Forever Story.

Use in movies

Aretha Franklin's recording of the song has appeared in the music documentary Muscle Shoals (2013) and in the dramatic film, Moonlight (2016).

References

1965 songs
1965 singles
Aretha Franklin songs
Columbia Records singles
Songs written by Charles Singleton (songwriter)
Songs written by Eddie Snyder


The Sword is a 1980 Hong Kong wuxia film co-written and directed by Patrick Tam and starring Adam Cheng.

Plot summary
A swordsman wants to fight an evil man; but the swordsman throws his sword into the sea after fighting because he wants to live in peace. The film is set in the ancient city of the Song dynasty. It was filmed in a provincial town in Shandong province, China.

Cast
Adam Cheng as Lee Mak-yin
Norman Chui as Lin Wan
Bonnie Ngai as Yuen Kei
JoJo Chan as Yin Siu-yu
Tien Feng as Fa Chin-shu
Eddy Ko as Chan Tit-yee
Hoi Sang Lee as Chou Huan
Ng Tung as Wang Shi-qi
Lau Yat-fan as Old pigeon man
Lau Siu-ming as Caretaker
Chui Kit as Fa Ying-chi

References

External links

1980 films
1980 action films
1980 martial arts films
Hong Kong action films
Hong Kong martial arts films
Wuxia films
1980s Cantonese-language films
Golden Harvest films
Films set in the Song dynasty
Films shot in Shandong
Films directed by Patrick Tam (film director)
1980s Hong Kong films


Jean-Luc Samyn (born November 6, 1956 in Bailleul, Nord, France) is a jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing.

The son of a pastry chef, Jean-Luc Samyn was one of three children.  At age thirteen, he went to work for the stable of trainer John Cunnington at Chantilly, a racecourse about  north of Paris city center. He apprenticed for five years and on September 7, 1975 earned his first career win at the racecourse in Compiègne.

After a visit to the United States, Jean-Luc Samyn returned permanently to compete. In 1976, he was the top apprentice jockey at Garden State Park in Cherry Hill, New Jersey and then at Keystone Racetrack in Bensalem, Pennsylvania. In 1977, Samyn relocated to race at New York Racing Association tracks where he has been based ever since. He and his wife Antoinette eventually made their home in Manhasset, New York.

In New York, Jean-Luc Samyn immediately began winning important stakes races and in 1984 rode Play On to a 2nd-place finish in the Preakness Stakes then won with the colt in that year's Withers Stakes. Samyn had a long a successful association with the late U.S. Racing Hall of Fame trainer, Philip G. Johnson, winning more than four hundred races together.

On November 20, 1985, Jean-Luc Samyn rode in the Japan Cup at Tokyo Racecourse, then immediately flew to Los Angeles, California where he rode in the Matriarch Stakes at Hollywood Park Racetrack. According to his NTRA biography, this is believed to be the first time a jockey has ridden in a stakes race on different continents on the same day. In 2000, Samyn swept New York's final prep races for the three Breeders' Cup turf races with wins in the Flower Bowl Invitational Stakes, Turf Classic Invitational Stakes, and the Kelso Handicap.

During his more than thirty-year career in American flat racing, Jean-Luc Samyn has earned wins in a number of major New York races including the Grade I Flower Bowl Invitational Stakes a record four times. He has also won national Grade I events at Gulfstream Park in Florida, Keeneland Race Course in Kentucky, Monmouth Park Racetrack in New Jersey, and at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

As at 2009, Samyn is the dean of New York's jockey colony.

Selected other career wins
Bold Ruler Handicap (1977, 1998, 1999)
Firenze Handicap (1977)
Bernard Baruch Handicap (1978, 1990)
Carter Handicap (1978, 1984, 1994)
Matchmaker Stakes (1979, 1982)
Nassau Stakes (1982)
Excelsior Handicap (1983)
Gazelle Handicap (1983, 1990)
Lamplighter Handicap (1983, 1989)
Red Smith Handicap (1983, 2004, 2006)
Aqueduct Handicap (1984)
Long Island Handicap (1984, 1986)
Mount Vernon Stakes (1984)
Prioress Stakes (1984)
Withers Stakes (1984)
Top Flight Handicap (1985)
Bed O' Roses Handicap (1986)
Northern Dancer Breeders' Cup Turf (1987)
Knickerbocker Handicap (1989)
Saranac Handicap (1989 (2), 1998)
Lawrence Realization Stakes (1991)
Jamaica Handicap (1992)
Fort Marcy Handicap (1993, 1997, 2000)
Cliff Hanger Handicap (1994, 1999)
Tom Fool Handicap (1994)
Ladies Handicap (1995)
Bunty Lawless Stakes (1996)
Sanford Stakes (1996)
Virginia Derby (1996)
Bowling Green Handicap (1997, 2003)
Comely Stakes (1997, 1999)
Maker's Mark Mile Stakes (1997)
Alfred G. Vanderbilt Handicap (1998)
Frank J. De Francis Memorial Dash (1998)
Jerome Handicap (1998)
Peter Pan Stakes (1999)
Remsen Stakes (1999)

References

 Jean-Luc Samyn's personal website
 Jean-Luc Samyn profile at the NTRA

Year-end charts

1956 births
Living people
People from Bailleul, Nord
French jockeys
American jockeys
People from Manhasset, New York
Sportspeople from Nassau County, New York
French emigrants to the United States
Sportspeople from Nord (French department)


The Journal of the Welsh Bibliographical Society was published annually from 1910 to 1984. It contained scholarly articles on Welsh writers, bibliographic research, and society notes in English and Welsh. It was published by the Welsh Bibliographical Society (), which was founded in 1907 to promote the study of Welsh bibliography, publishing, printing and writing. Its principal activities were an annual meeting and lecture and publication of  and monographs.

The journal has been digitized by the Welsh Journals Online project at the National Library of Wales.

External links
Journal of the Welsh Bibliographical Society at Welsh Journals Online

Magazines published in Wales
Welsh history journals
Publications established in 1907
Multilingual journals
Publications disestablished in 1984


Cubitt Artists is a British artist-run art gallery, artist studios and art educator, founded in 1991. Cubitt was first located in Goods Way in London's Kings Cross area, moved to Cubitt Street (from which it takes its current name), later to Caledonia Street, and is now located at Angel.

Cubitt Gallery
The Cubitt Gallery is funded by Arts Council England allowing it to offer the 18-month Cubitt Curatorial Fellowship to emerging curators (previously named the Curatorial Bursary from 2001 to 2015). Past Cubitt curators are:
 Polly Staple (July 2001 – January 2003)
 Emily Pethick (March 2003 – August 2004)
 David Bussel (September 2004 – February 2006)
 Tom Morton (April 2006 – August 2007)
 Bart van der Heide (October 2007 – March 2009)
 Michelle Cotton (April 2009 – November 2010)
 Fiona Parry (December 2010 – May 2012)
 Jamie Stevens (June 2012 – December 2013)
 Fatima Hellberg (January 2014 – June 2015)
 Morgan Quaintance (July 2015 – December 2016)
 Louise Shelly (July 2018 – December 2019)
 Languid Hands (2020 - 2022)

The current recipient of the curatorial fellowship is Seán Elder. The Cubitt Gallery has displayed work from a wide range of notable artists, including Adam Chodzko, Aleksandra Mir, Allen Ruppersberg, Angela Bulloch, Billy Childish,
Boris Groys (Thinking in Loop, 2008),
Carol Bove, Cathy Wilkes, David Robbins, Florian Hecker, Gunter Förg,
Gustav Metzger (Eichmann and the Angel, 2005),
Harun Farocki, Henri Chopin, Ida Applebroog, Jack Goldstein,
Jimmy Robert (Figure de Style, 2008),
Kenneth Anger, Marjetica Potrč, Matthew Day Jackson, Paul Noble, Tacita Dean, Willem de Rooij ("Birds", 2009) and
Tris Vonna Michell (Tall Tales and Short Stories, 2007), Ajamu (Archival Sensoria, 2020), R.I.P Germain (Dead Yard, 2020) and Camara Taylor (a rant! a reel!, 2021).

To support the ongoing artistic programme of the Gallery, a limited edition set titled the Cubitt Print Box was offered for sale in 2000. This is a set of twenty works produced by contemporary artists
Alex Katz (Dark Eyes, 2000),
Ceal Floyer (Etching (at 45 rpm), 2000),
Chris Ofili (no title, 2000),
Elizabeth Wright (Snowball, 2000),
Gareth Jones (Diamond, 2000),
Giorgio Sadotti (Don't Look, 2000),
Hilary Lloyd (Shopfront, 2000),
James Pyman (On the Sound, 2000),
Jane Simpson (Sunset Still Life, 2000),
Jochen Klein (Untitled, 2000),
Martin Creed (Work No. 233, 2000),
Matthew Higgs (Despair, 2000),
Paul McCarthy (Dog, 2000),
Paul Noble (Playframe, 2000),
Peter Doig (Echo Lake, 2000),
Peter Pommerer (Giraffe with Blue Coloured Eyes, 2000),
Piotr Uklański (no title, 2000),
Scott King (Joy Division, The Moonlight Club, 4 April 1980, West Hampstead, London, England, 2000),
Tacita Dean (Aerial View of Teignmouth Electron, Cayman Brac 16th of September 1998, 2000) and
Wolfgang Tillmans (Faltenwurf (Cubitt Edition), 2000).

Cubitt Studios
Cubitt Studios provides central London studio space for up to 30 artists at any given time. Former notable members of Cubitt include Chris Ofili, Dinos and Jake Chapman, Matthew Higgs and Peter Doig.

See also
UK artist-run initiatives
Artist-run space
Art group

References

External links

British artist groups and collectives
Artist cooperatives
Contemporary art galleries in London
Tourist attractions in the London Borough of Islington
Art galleries established in 1991
1991 establishments in England
Co-operatives in England


Ulrich Körner (born October 25, 1962) is a German-Swiss businessman. In March 2021, he was named CEO Asset Management of Credit Suisse until July 2022, when he was appointed CEO of Credit Suisse AG.

Education
From 1980 to 1983, Körner attended the Lyceum Alpinum in Zuoz, Switzerland, and acquired a Swiss school-leaving certificate (Matura, type B), after having received a German school-leaving certificate (Abitur) from the Staatliches Ludwigsgymnasium in Saarbrücken, Germany, which he attended from 1973 to 1980.

Körner holds a Master of Arts and a Ph.D. in business administration from the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland.

Körner majored in Banking and Finance from 1983 to 1988 and graduated with a degree in Business Administration (lic.oec.) from the University of St. Gallen. Thereafter, he completed his doctoral studies (from 1988 to 1993) and received a Ph.D. in Business Administration (Dr.oec) from the University of St. Gallen for Business Administration, Economics, Law and Social Sciences.

Career
In 1989, Körner began his professional career as an auditor with Price Waterhouse, Zurich. From 1993 to 1998, he was a management consultant with McKinsey & Company in Zurich.

Körner joined Credit Suisse as chief financial officer for Switzerland in 1998. He then became head of technology and services in 2000 before assuming the role as chief financial officer at Credit Suisse in 2002. In addition to his role as chief financial officer, he was appointed chief operating officer in 2004. In 2006, he became chief executive officer of Credit Suisse Switzerland. Körner served as a member of the executive board at Credit Suisse until he moved from CS to UBS.

In April 2009, Körner joined UBS as group chief operating officer and as a member of the executive board under Oswald Grübel. Until 2013, he was responsible for the Corporate Center at UBS. It consisted of 25,000 people and included Group Strategy, Human Resources, Group Technology, Group Operations, Communications and Branding, Corporate Real Estate and Administrative Services and Supply and Demand Management during his time as group chief operating officer.

Körner has been president of UBS Group Europe, Middle East and Africa, comprising 29 countries, since December 2011. Together with the divisional Chief Executive Officers, he is responsible for the implementation of regional strategy and the collaboration of businesses across all divisions.

In January 2014, Körner succeeded John A. Fraser (businessman) to become president of asset management in addition to his regional leadership. Chief Financial Officer Tom Naratil (born 1961) took on the role of chief operating officer on top of his then current duties.

Mandates
Ulrich Körner is chairman of the Widder Hotel in Zurich and vice president of the board of Lyceum Alpinum Zuoz. He is also deputy chairman of the supervisory board of UBS Deutschland AG, a member of the Board of Directors of OOO UBS Bank Russia, chairman of the Foundation Board of the UBS Pension Fund, a member of the Financial Service Chapter Board of the Swiss-American Chamber of Commerce, a member of the advisory board of the Department of Banking and Finance at the University of Zurich and a member of the business advisory council of the Laureus Foundation Switzerland.  He formerly served on the board of Winterthur Group, AXA Leben AG, and AXA Versicherungen AG and as a member of the Board of Clariden Leu AG as well as of the Bank Leu AG. He is also the former vice-chairman of the committee of the governing board of the Swiss Bankers Association. As a UBS representative in the Swiss Expert Commission, he advised Swiss politicians on both the resolvability of the large banks and the future strategy of Switzerland's financial industry. He has been appointed as the CEO of Credit Suisse in July 2022 after Thomas Gottstein resigned from the position.

Personal life
Körner was born in Germany in 1962 and has both German and Swiss citizenship.

References

External links
 Curriculum vitae on Credit Suisse website

1962 births
Chief financial officers
Chief operating officers
Living people
German chief executives
Swiss chief executives
UBS people
University of St. Gallen alumni
Alumni of Lyceum Alpinum Zuoz


Sam Sheldon (born 8 March 1989) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Brisbane Lions in the Australian Football League.

Early life
Sheldon is of Indigenous Australian heritage and his tribal ancestry can be traced to the Wemba-Wemba. He also grew up in Echuca, where he attended St Joseph's College from year 7 and 8.

Draft
Sheldon was drafted to the Brisbane Lions in 2006. He could have opted to be drafted to the Carlton Football Club under the Father-Son Rule.

Personal life
His father is Ken Sheldon who played for Carlton and then for St Kilda in a career which included three premierships with Carlton in 1979, 1981 and 1982.

References

1989 births
Living people
Brisbane Lions players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Indigenous Australian players of Australian rules football
People educated at Haileybury (Melbourne)
Oakleigh Chargers players


Kenilworth Inn is a large Tudor Revival building located in Asheville, North Carolina.  Originally designed to replace an earlier hotel, it became a military hospital as soon as it was built.  As it changed hands, it was used as a mental hospital, hotel, and other purposes until 2000, when it became an apartment building.   It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

References

External links

Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Hotel buildings completed in 1918
Buildings and structures in Asheville, North Carolina
Railway hotels in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Buncombe County, North Carolina


The Journal of Welsh Religious History is published by the University of Wales Press on behalf of the Centre for the Advanced Study of Religion in Wales (Bangor University) and previously the Welsh Religious History Society. It is an English-language academic journal containing articles, reviews, and news relating to the history of Christianity in Wales. It was originally established in 1984 under the title Journal of Welsh Ecclesiastical History. Since it obtained its current title in 1992, two series were published: First series, Vols. 1 (1993) to 8 (2000); new series Vol. 1 (2001) to Vol. 5 (2005).

In 2015, the University of Wales Press announced a successor journal: the Journal of Religious History, Literature and Culture.

The journal has been digitized by the Welsh Journals Online project at the National Library of Wales.

References

External links
Journal of Welsh Religious History at Welsh Journals Online
Journal of Welsh Ecclesiastical History at Welsh Journals Online

Magazines published in Wales
Christianity studies journals
Annual journals
University of Wales
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1984
1984 establishments in Wales
Academic journals published by university presses of the United Kingdom
Historiography of Christianity
Welsh history journals
Religion in Wales


In mathematics, the plactic monoid  is the monoid of all words in the  alphabet of positive integers modulo Knuth equivalence. Its elements can  be identified with semistandard Young tableaux. It was discovered by  (who called it the tableau algebra), using an operation  given by  in his study of the longest increasing subsequence of a permutation.

It was named the "monoïde plaxique" by  , who allowed any totally ordered alphabet in the definition. The etymology of the  word "plaxique" is unclear; it may refer to plate tectonics ("tectonique des plaques" in French), as elementary relations that generate the equivalence allow conditional commutation of generator symbols: they can sometimes slide across each other (in apparent analogy to tectonic plates), but not freely.

Definition
The plactic monoid over some totally ordered alphabet (often the positive integers) is the monoid with the following presentation:
The generators are the letters of the alphabet
The relations are the elementary Knuth transformations yzx ≡ yxz whenever x < y ≤ z and xzy ≡ zxy whenever x ≤ y < z.

Knuth equivalence
Two words are called Knuth equivalent if they represent the same element of the plactic monoid, or in other words if one can be obtained from the other by a sequence of elementary Knuth transformations.

Several properties are preserved by Knuth equivalence.
If a word is a reverse lattice word, then so is any word Knuth equivalent to it.
If two words are Knuth equivalent, then so are the words obtained by removing their rightmost maximal elements, as are the words obtained by removing their leftmost minimal elements.
Knuth equivalence preserves the length of the longest nondecreasing subsequence, and more generally preserves the maximum of the sum of the lengths of k disjoint non-decreasing subsequences for any fixed k.

Correspondence with semistandard Young tableaux

Every word is Knuth equivalent to the word of a unique semistandard Young tableau (this means that each row is non-decreasing and each column is strictly increasing) over the same ordered alphabet, where the tableau may be read by rows or by columns. So the elements of the plactic monoid can be identified with the semistandard Young tableaux, which therefore also form a monoid.

Multiplying the word of a semistandard Young tableau to the left with a generator is equivalent to  Schensted insertion into the Young tableau. In row order, the word of the tableau is equivalent to a product of increasingly longer nondecreasing sequences of generators. The new generator may be inserted in its proper place by either appending it if it is larger, and otherwise by repeatedly applying the plactic relations to move the out of sequence element to the next row. In the latter case, the out of order element replaces the leftmost entry larger than it in each row, and the displaced element is then inserted in the next row.

Since  Schensted insertion preserves Young tableaux, this gives an inductive proof that elements of the plactic monoid can be written in a standard form corresponding to a Young tableau, and the construction defines a natural product of semistandard tableaux.

Jeu de Taquin

Two skew Young Tableaux are Jeu de taquin equivalent if and only if their word readings are Knuth equivalent, i.e. correspond to equivalent elements of the plactic group. This gives an alternative definition of the plactic group product directly in terms of Young tableaux. Two tableaux may be multiplied by drawing them both around an empty rectangle to form a skew tableau, and using Jeu de taquin slides to rectify it.

Tableau ring
The tableau ring is the monoid ring of the plactic monoid, so it has a Z-basis consisting of elements of the plactic monoid, with the same product as in the plactic monoid.

There is a homomorphism from the plactic ring on an alphabet to the ring of polynomials (with variables indexed by the alphabet) taking any tableau to the product of the variables of its entries, corresponding to the abelianization of the plactic semigroup.

Growth
The generating function of the plactic monoid on an alphabet of size n is

showing that there is polynomial growth of dimension .

See also
Chinese monoid
Robinson-Schensted correspondence
Jeu de taquin

References

Further reading

Combinatorics on words
Semigroup theory


Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion / Trafodion Anrhydedd Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion  is the annual journal of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, published from 1893 (Vol. I). It contains historical and literary essays and reviews. The Transactions series ran alongside the earlier Y Cymmrodor until the latter series came to an end in 1951.

It is being digitised by the Welsh Journals Online project at the National Library of Wales and is considered by the Library as one of "the most significant journal and periodical titles" in Wales.

References

Magazines published in Wales
Welsh history journals
Publications established in 1893
Annual journals


Fatih Atik (born 25 February 1984) is a French professional footballer. He most recently played as a midfielder for the Turkish TFF First League side Giresunspor.

Career
On 16 April 2014, Atik scored an extra-time goal in the semi-final which helped Guingamp to a shock 3–1 in over Monaco and advance to the 2014 Coupe de France Final, which they went on to win, with him playing the last six minutes against Rennes as a substitute for Claudio Beauvue. His equaliser, in a league match against Monaco on 7 May, handed the Ligue 1 title to Paris Saint-Germain.

Honours
Guingamp
 Coupe de France: 2013–14

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
People from Gleizé
French people of Turkish descent
Footballers from Rhône (department)
French men's footballers
Turkish men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Montpellier HSC players
Tours FC players
US Boulogne players
En Avant Guingamp players
Trabzonspor footballers
Kardemir Karabükspor footballers
Giresunspor footballers
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
Süper Lig players


A vent is a vertical slit rising from the bottom hem of a jacket or a skirt, generally to allow for ease of movement.

In the case of jackets, vents were originally a sporting option, designed to make riding easier, so are traditional on hacking jackets, formal coats such as a morning coat, and, for reasons of pragmatism, overcoats. Today there are three styles of vent: the single-vented style (with one vent, either directly at the center or roughly 3 cm to the right); the ventless style; and the double-vented style (one vent on each side). Vents are convenient, particularly when using a pocket or sitting down, to improve the hang of the jacket,  so are now used on most jackets. Ventless jackets are associated with Italian tailoring, while the double-vented style is typically British. (This is not the case with all types of jackets. For instance, dinner jackets traditionally take no vents.)

On skirts, vents are particularly associated with pencil skirts where they may be necessary for free movement, but they may also be added for reasons of style, as they have the effect of exposing more of the legs. The most common style is a single vent of a suitable length at the back of the skirt, but they may be located anywhere.

References

Parts of clothing


List of speakers of the National Assembly of Lesotho.

The National Assembly was established in 1965 and was preceded by Basutoland National Council. Walter P. Stanford was the speaker of the National Council from 1961 to 1965. Below is a list of office-holders:

References

Politics of Lesotho
1965 establishments in Basutoland
Lesotho
Lesotho politics-related lists


Peter Curtain (born 5 December 1962) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1980s.

A premiership player at Old Xaverians in 1981, Curtain could only manage two appearances with St Kilda's seniors. He returned to Old Xavs after his VFL stint ended and won their 'Best and Fairest' in 1986, his first year as captain. Curtain remained captain until the end of the 1988 season and in the same year represented the Australian Amateurs team at the Adelaide Bicentennial Carnival.

References

Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

1962 births
Living people
St Kilda Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Old Xaverians Football Club players


Street Gang: The Complete History of Sesame Street is a non-fiction book chronicling the history of the children's television program Sesame Street. Street Gang is journalist and writer Michael Davis's first book, published by Viking Press in 2008. On bookshelves in time for the show's 40th anniversary in 2009, the book developed out of a TV Guide article Davis wrote to commemorate the show's 35th anniversary in 2004.  Davis spent five years researching and writing the book, and conducted hundreds of interviews with the show's creators, cast, and crew.

Street Gang begins with a description of Muppet creator Jim Henson's 1990 funeral, from the perspective of co-creator Joan Ganz Cooney.  Its first twelve chapters describe the origin, development, and early years of Sesame Street and the Children's Television Workshop, the organization created to oversee the production of the show and other projects.  Davis includes the biographies of many of the key people involved with the creation and production of Sesame Street.  Subsequent chapters chronicle the rest of the show's history, up to its 40th anniversary in 2009.

Reviews of Street Gang were mostly positive.  Most reviewers were impressed by Davis' research and attention to detail, but some felt that it was too episodic and was more of an oral history than a dispassionate history of the show's history.  One reviewer predicted that the book would become the definitive source of Sesame Street.  Street Gang was made into an audio book, narrated by Caroll Spinney, the same day it was published.  A second edition was published later that year. The 2021 documentary Street Gang: How We Got to Sesame Street directed by Marilyn Agrelo is based on the book.

Background
Michael Davis, a senior editor for TV Guide from 1998 to 2007, wrote an article in the magazine to commemorate the 35th anniversary of the children's television show Sesame Street in 2004.  Street Gang developed out of the article.  Davis spent five years researching and writing the book  and worked with the cooperation of co-creator Joan Ganz Cooney.

In 2009, Sesame Street celebrated its 40th anniversary.  It was the fifteenth-highest rated children's television show in the United States  and had won 8 Grammy Awards and over 100 Emmy Awards—more than any other children's show.  By 2006, there were independently produced versions, or "co-productions", of Sesame Street broadcast in twenty countries. In 2001 there were over 120 million viewers of these international versions, and by 2009, it was broadcast in more than 140 countries.  A 1996 survey found that 95% of all American preschoolers had watched the show by the time they were three years old. In 2008, it was estimated that 77 million Americans had watched the series as children.

Summary
Prologue: A description of the funeral of Muppet creator Jim Henson in New York City in 1990, from the viewpoint of Joan Ganz Cooney, one of the creators of Sesame Street.

Chapters 1—12: The origins and development of the show and the creation of the Children's Television Workshop (CTW).  Sesame Street was created after a dinner party hosted by Cooney and her husband in early 1966, attended by Carnegie Foundation vice-president Lloyd Morrisett and Cooney's boss at New York City educational television station WNDT, Lewis Freedman.  The discussion inspired them to create a children's television program, different from what was offered at the time, that could "master the addictive qualities of television" and help young children, especially from low-income families, learn and prepare for school.  Davis includes the biographies of key players in the show's development: Cooney, Morrisett, Jon Stone, Sam Gibbon, Tom Whedon, Evelyn Payne Davis, Jim Henson, Caroll Spinney, Gerald S. Lesser, Edward Palmer, Joe Raposo, Loretta Long, Bob McGrath, Will Lee, and Matt Robinson.  There is also a discussion of the history of early children's television; specifically, Captain Kangaroo and The Howdy Doody Show.  Davis emphasizes the coincidence that many involved with the show had first names that started with the letter J: Joan Cooney, Jon Stone, Jim Henson, Jerry Nelson, and Joe Raposo.

Chapter 13 ("Intermission"): A description of the first episode of Sesame Street, which debuted on PBS on November 10, 1969.  As Davis states, "To see that first episode today—and the four succeeding ones in Sesame's first week—is to be transported back to 1969".  The first show was sponsored by the letters W, S, and E and by the numbers 2 and 3.

Chapter 14: The influence of Sesame Street during its first season, and a description of its success and critics.

Chapter 15—16: The 1970s.  These chapters include a description of the production team, the cast who joined the show, and the Muppets that were created during this time.  The biographies that Davis depicts are of producer Dulcy Singer, Christopher Cerf, Sonia Manzano, Northern Calloway, Emilio Delgado, Linda Bove, Richard Hunt, and Fran Brill.  The Muppet characters Cookie Monster and Roosevelt Franklin were also created during these years.  Davis describes the music of Sesame Street, Jim Henson's struggle with fame, the end of Cooney's marriage, and CTW's funding difficulties.

Chapter 17: The late 70s and 1980s.  Davis describes the production of the show's first special (Christmas Eve on Sesame Street), the decompensation and death of Calloway, the death of Lee and the groundbreaking way Sesame Street dealt with it, the creation of Elmo and biography of his portrayer, Kevin Clash, and the wedding of Maria and Luis.  Davis calls the show's depiction of Mr. Hooper's death and the wedding "the poles that held up the canvas tent that was Sesame Street in the 1980s, a reflection of the sometimes silly, sometimes sad, always surprising, relentlessly spinning cyclical circus of life".  The biography of Alison Bartlett-O'Reilly is also described.

Chapter 18: The 1990s and 2000s.  This chapter describes the cast's responses to the deaths of Calloway, Henson, Raposo, Connell, and Stone.  It discusses Henson's business dealings with Disney in 1990, a few months before Henson's death, and Sesame Street's ratings decrease.  In 1993, the show went through substantial changes in response to the show's decline ("Around the Corner"); the only thing that ultimately survived this restructuring of the show was the Muppet character Zoe, performed by Brill.  There were also attempts to include more female Muppet characters.  Davis discusses the "Tickle Me Elmo" phenomenon of Christmas 1996, Avenue Q, "Elmo's World", and the character Mr. Noodle.

Epilogue: Davis ends his book as he begins it, focusing on Joan Ganz Cooney, during her retirement years.  He also discusses the development of Sesame Street's newest character, Abby Cadabby, and the show's international influence.

Critical reception
Judith Fitzgerald of The Philadelphia Inquirer, who predicts that Street Gang will  become the definitive source of the show, calls "a compulsively readable compendium of all things Sesame Street", as well as informative, heartbreaking, hilarious, and eye-opening". She credits its complicated and often funny story with the cooperation Davis received from Cooney when writing his book.  Fitzgerald also praises Davis, calling him "a sensitive and subtly brilliant writer who conveys the soul of the program".  Reviewer Drew Toal calls Street Gang a "swift narrative" and "a sensitive, honest account", and credits the large number of cast stories and amount of controversy recounted in the book with the hundreds of interviews Davis conducted.  Frazier Moore of the Associated Press states that the book is a fascinating account of the creation of Sesame Street, and that Davis writes thoroughly and with affection.

James Panero, reviewer for The New York Times, called Street Gang a "behind the lens story" and the "first comprehensive account" of Sesame Street.  Panero found Davis' history tireless, but objected to Davis' emphasis on unimportant details.  As a result, and due to Davis' inclusion of every anecdote and biography of everyone involved with its creation and history, Panero considers the book an oral history rather than a tightly organized narrative.  Other reviewers note that Street Gang is too much like its subject, episodic and unfocused.  Diana Wagman of The L.A. Times states that Davis choice of what to focus on is odd; for example, there is a great deal of focus in the book on things like the licensing and merchandising agreement of the Muppets, but very little attention on Mississippi's 1970 ban of the show.  Wagman states, "Yes, we get a little past-tense womanizing, a lot of drinking and a psychotic breakdown later in the book, but it all seems sad, not salacious, and not germane to the basic story".  Nick Gillespie of The Washington Post agrees.  He calls Jim Henson, who is mentioned often in the book, "an almost completely enigmatic character".

Wagman takes issue with the way Davis moves from topic to topic and time period to time period.  Davis gives long personal histories of the principal players in his history, but fails to explain the reason they are important, and is compelled to repeat every positive claim made about Sesame Street.  In spite of this, Wagman states, Davis demonstrates the love and respect Cooney and the show's cast and crew had for each another.  For example, when Calloway was diagnosed with a mental illness, the show never fired him, and Wagman calls Henson's funeral "heartbreaking".  Gillespie finds the "nasty backstage wrangling" and behind-the-scenes stories compelling.  Alex Altman of Time Magazine agrees, and calls Davis "an unabashed fan of the show's charms rather than a dispassionate historian".  He also considers Davis' use of language breathless and his portrayals of the show's creators overly flattering.

Reviewer Molly O'Donnell states that the book is "broad in scope yet exercises a meticulous attention to detail".  O'Donnell views Davis as balanced in his account because although Davis praises Sesame Street, he describes the public criticism the show has received and relates the personality flaws of the people who helped create it.  Even with the book's lulls, which O'Donnell attributes to the large number of personal histories Davis has to tell to give a complete picture of the show's creation, she says that the book is interesting.  The reviewer from Publishers Weekly agrees, praising Street Gang as continuously interesting, honest, and well-researched.  The reviewer goes on to state, "Any grown-up fan will relish this account, gaining an even greater appreciation  for the cultural contributions of Kermit, Big Bird, Oscar the Grouch and all their neighbors".

Publication history
The publication of the book was announced in 2006 by the television industry trade magazine Broadcasting and Cable, which anticipated a buzz about the project. The magazine stated, "A dozen of New York’s top publishers are eager to get their hands this week on the story of how Sesame Street emerged as the iconic program that shaped the minds of countless kiddies around the globe".

The audio version of Street Gang, narrated by Caroll Spinney, was released at the same time as the book.

A video version by Marilyn Agrelo was under production in 2017. The film Street Gang: How We Got to Sesame Street was released in 2021.

References

Further reading

 Finch, Christopher (1993). Jim Henson: The Works: the Art, the Magic, the Imagination. New York: Random House.
 Fisch, Shalom M. and Rosemarie T. Truglio, Eds. (2001). "G" is for Growing: Thirty Years of Research on Children and Sesame Street. Mahweh, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers.
 Gladwell, Malcolm (2000). The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. (Chapter on Sesame Street's influence.) New York: Little, Brown, and Company.
  Hellman, Peter (1987-11-23). "Street Smart: How Big Bird & Company Do It". New York Magazine 20 (46): 52. ISSN 0028-7369. Retrieved 2013-06-15.
 Lesser, Gerald S. (1974). Children and Television: Lessons From Sesame Street. New York: Vintage Books.
 Morrow, Robert W. (2006). Sesame Street and the Reform of Children's Television. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press.
 O'Dell, Cary (1997). Women Pioneers in Television: Biographies of Fifteen Industry Leaders. (Chapter about Cooney.) Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. .

External links
 Street Gang - Available at the Internet Archive for borrowing

Sesame Street books
2008 non-fiction books
Books about television


The 36th Infantry Division was a German infantry formation of World War II. It was formed in Kaiserslautern on 1 October 1936. During World War II it was mobilized in August 1939, as part of the first wave. It was later reorganized and re-designated the 36th Infantry Division (mot) in November 1940. It was then de-motorized, reorganized and re-designated the 36th Infantry Division on 1 May 1943. The division was destroyed at Bobruysk in June 1944 during the Soviet Operation Bagration. It was reformed on 3 August 1944 as the 36th Grenadier Division and renamed the 36th Volksgrenadier Division in October 1944.

Operational history
The division was formed in October 1936 with men from Kaiserslautern, and consisted largely of Bavarian Palatinates.

France
During the German invasion of France the 36th Infantry Division was part of Army Group A's 16th Army, where it served with VII Corps. Crossing into France through the Chiers, the corps' objective was a commune by the name of La Ferté. The 70th Infantry Regiment was transferred to the 111th Infantry Division during this stay.

Eastern Front
The division took part in Operation Barbarossa as part of XXXXI Panzer Corps, itself attached to Army Group North. In late October the division helped establish a bridgehead near Kalinin, which it did so while under heavy Soviet fire. In December 1941, the division had reached just west of Klin when it came under fire from the Soviets' 365th Rifle Division. The Soviet division was forced to retreat after German forces began flanking them from the east. During the winter the division took heavy casualties. In Summer 1942 the division fought at Rzhev and Baranovo, taking heavy casualties.

The division was de-motorized in May 1943, though retained more motorized vehicles than other Infantry Divisions. In July 1943, during the Battle of Kursk, the division was part of the XXXXVII Panzer Corps, a reserve unit for the 9th Army just south of Oryol. With Soviet forces slowing down Walter Model's advance, the division was put on active duty on 6 July. On the 12th, Field Marshal Günther von Kluge ordered the division to retreat from Oryol to rejoin the 9th Army as the Soviets began to storm into the city outskirts. Changing his mind, he sent it back north with the 12 Panzer Divisions arrived in their full nearly four hours later.

In the summer of 1944, as the Red Army launched Operation Bagration, the division was at only the size of two regiments. The addition of a third regimental-sized battlegroup made up of remnants of other units did not help to build morale. It was here that the division's commanding officer, Generalmajor Conrady, was captured. The division was largely destroyed.

Return to France
Replenished and reformed as the 36th Volksgrenadier Division, and containing the remnants of the 268th Infantry Division, the unit was sent westwards in September 1944 to counter Allied advance into France; Luxembourg and the Saarland, though remained in reserve until 10 September, when it was given to the 1st Army at the Moselle. With the army pulling back to the Franco-German border, by November the division had worn itself out in the two months of fighting. The division was part of the January 1945 Operation Nordwind, where it served as part of the XIII SS Infantry Corps under Obergruppenführer-SS Max Simon. By now the division was reduced to the size of a single regiment, though its morale remained stable.

On 28 March, the division formed part of the 7th Army's left wing as LXXXII Corps, which was now resisting American General George S. Patton's 3rd Army in central Germany.

Commanders
Colonel General Georg Lindemann (1 September 1939 – 25 October 1940)
Lieutenant General Otto-Ernst Ottenbacher (25 October 1940 – 15 October 1941)
General of the Infantry Hans Gollnick (15 October 1941 – 1 August 1943)
Lieutenant General Rudolf Stegmann (1 August 1943 – 10 August 1943)
Major General Gottfried Fröhlich (10 August 1943 – 20 September 1943)
Lieutenant General Rudolf Stegmann (20 September 1943 – 1 January 1944)
Major General Horst Kadgien (1 January 1944 – 17 January 1944)
Lieutenant General Egon von Neindorff (17 January 1944 – 19 January 1944)
Major General Alexander Conrady (19 January 1944 – 1 July 1944)
Major General August Wellm (1 August 1944 – 9 October 1944)

36th Volksgrenadier Division
Major General August Wellm (October 1944 - March 1945)
Major General Helmut Kleikamp (March - May 1945)

Area of operations
West wall (September 1939 – May 1940)
France (May 1940 – June 1941)
Eastern front, northern sector (June 1941 – July 1942)
Eastern front, central sector (July 1942 – June 1943)
Eastern front (June 1943 – July 1944)
France (August 1944 – January 1945)
Southern Germany (January 1945 – May 1945)

Order of battle

1939
70th Infantry Regiment
87th Infantry Regiment
118th Infantry Regiment
36th Reconnaissance detachment
36th Artillery Regiment
Beobachtungs-Abteilung 36 (3)
36th Pioneer Battalion
36th Anti-tank detachment
36th Signal Battalion
36th Field-replacement Battalion
Divisional supply unit

1940
87th Infantry Regiment (mot)
118th Infantry Regiment (mot)

1943
87th Grenadier Regiment
118th Grenadier Regiment
Division group 268
36th Reconnaissance detachment
268th Artillery Regiment
36th Pioneer Battalion
36th Anti-tank Battalion
36th Signal Battalion
36th Field-replacement Battalion
Divisional supply unit

1944
87th Grenadier Regiment
118th Grenadier Regiment
165th Grenadier Regiment
268th Artillerie-Regiment
36th Fusileer Company
36th FLaK Company
1036th Assault-gun detachment
36th Messaging Company
36th Pioneer Company
36th Supply Regiment

References

0*036
Military units and formations established in 1936
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945


BBC Radio Sussex is the BBC's local radio station serving the county of  Sussex.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios on Queens Road in Brighton.

According to RAJAR, BBC Radio Surrey and BBC Radio Sussex share a combined weekly audience of 218,000 listeners and a 4.1% share as of June 2023.

History

BBC Radio Brighton (1968–1983)

BBC Radio Brighton was one of the first wave of BBC Local Radio stations which took to the air during the late 1960s. Broadcasting from Marlborough Place, it officially opened on 14 February 1968, though a short-lived emergency service had been broadcast during the blizzards earlier that winter. Originally broadcast on 88.1 MHz VHF only, the station later acquired a medium wave frequency of 202m, and transferred to 95.3 MHz on VHF. The transmission area was initially restricted to little more than the immediate Brighton and Hove conurbation, with the surrounding suburbs. However, coverage was extended to include Worthing in the late 1970s.

In common with much of the BBC's early local radio output, Radio Brighton broadcast only for limited daytime hours in its early years, relying on BBC Radio 2 and BBC Radio 4 for a sustaining service, but building to a full daytime service by the mid-1970s. In the early years, the emphasis was on structured programmes rather than the open-ended magazine shows which have since become more common. The flagship was the breakfast news programme Coastwise.

BBC Radio Sussex (1983–1994)

On 22 October 1983, as part of the BBC's move to extend its local radio network across the UK, the station expanded further to include the entire county. As a result, the 'Radio Brighton' name was dropped in favour of the more accurate BBC Radio Sussex.

BBC Southern Counties Radio (1994–2009)

In 1994, BBC Radio Sussex merged with a later arrival, BBC Radio Surrey, to form BBC Southern Counties Radio. At first it ran a single all-talk schedule across Sussex and Surrey. However, in September 1997, two dedicated breakfast shows were introduced, one for Brighton and Hove on the 95.3 FM frequency and another for the remainder of Sussex. The separate breakfast show for Brighton and Hove was discontinued in April 2006.

BBC Sussex (2009–2020)

In March 2009, the county name returned to the radio station name when BBC Sussex became the new name for BBC Southern Counties Radio across Sussex. BBC Sussex and its sister station BBC Surrey continue effectively to operate as one station, with no change in management or infrastructure from its predecessor.

BBC Radio Sussex (2020–present)
On 30 March 2020, the station reverted to its earlier name of BBC Radio Sussex.

Technical

Analogue VHF FM
95.0 MHz - Newhaven
95.1 MHz - Horsham
95.3 MHz - Brighton (Whitehawk Hill transmitter)
104.5 MHz - East Sussex (Heathfield transmitter)
104.8 MHz - West Sussex (Burton Down transmitter)

DAB Digital Radio: Block 10B 211.648 MHz
Worthing (Findon transmitter)
Newhaven
Hastings
Eastbourne
Chichester (Burton Down transmitter)
Brighton (Whitehawk Hill transmitter)
Crawley (Little Prestwood Farm transmitter)
East Sussex (Heathfield transmitter)
Central Sussex (Truleigh Hill transmitter)

The station also broadcasts on Freeview TV channel 720 in the BBC South East and BBC South regions and streams online via BBC Sounds.

Programming

Local programming airs from the BBC's Brighton studios from 6 am to 10 am on Mondays to Saturdays and from 2 pm to 6 pm on Saturdays.

Regional programming, shared with BBC Radio Surrey, airs from 10 am to 10 pm on weekdays, from 10 am to 2 pm and 8 pm to 10 pm on Saturdays and from 6 am to 6 pm and 10 pm to 1 am on Sundays.

Off-peak programming, including the weekday late show from 10 pm to 1 am, originates from BBC Radio Solent in Southampton and BBC Radio Berkshire in Reading.

During the station's downtime, BBC Radio Sussex simulcasts overnight programming from BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC Radio London.

Sports coverage
BBC Radio Sussex covers every Brighton and Hove Albion and Crawley Town game live. On Saturdays, BBC Sussex Sport starts at 2pm, presented by Johnny Cantor from wherever Brighton are playing. This show contains interviews and features on all sports from within the county. The frequencies then split shortly before kick off, with Brighton's match on DAB, 95.0, 95.3 and 104.5 FM, and Crawley on the remaining frequencies.

When non-traditional kick off times occur, the main presenter for the club in question presents a BBC Sussex sports special on midweek evenings.

Notable personnel
Kate Adie
David Arscott
Gavin Ashenden
Roger Day
Michael Fabricant
Bob Gunnell
Des Lynam
Bob Simpson

References

External links
 BBC Radio Sussex
 Media UK - BBC Radio Sussex

Sussex
Companies based in West Sussex
Radio stations in Sussex
Organisations based in East Sussex


BBC Radio Surrey is the BBC's local radio station serving Surrey, north-east Hampshire and north West Sussex (including Gatwick Airport).

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios at the University of Surrey in Guildford.

According to RAJAR, BBC Radio Surrey and BBC Radio Sussex share a combined weekly audience of 218,000 listeners and a 4.1% share as of June 2023.

History

BBC Radio Surrey (1991–1994)

In the late 1980s, with the BBC Local Radio network nearing completion, a management team was appointed for 'BBC Radio Surrey and Berkshire', the plan being to have two separate stations with their own identities, but with shared resources, and some shared programming. But then in 1990, as part of a plan to save £3 million, the BBC announced that BBC Radio Surrey would instead launch as an opt-out service of BBC Radio Sussex, with BBC Radio Berkshire an opt-out of BBC Radio Oxford.

BBC Radio Surrey went on air initially on Saturday 6 September 1991 for coverage of a cricket match between Surrey and Hampshire - this was simply a relay of BBC Radio Solent's coverage. The station finally went on air officially at 6 am on Thursday 14 November 1991.  At launch it broadcast 43 hours a week of its own programming from its studios on the campus of the University of Surrey in Guildford.  The remainder of the output came from either its sister station BBC Radio Sussex, or from the BBC South & East network.

John Terrett hosted the breakfast show from launch, which featured regular reports from the station's own dedicated travel presenter Christina King. It was followed by Julian Clegg's mid-morning phone-in, which was simulcast with BBC Radio Sussex - although news and travel bulletins were split between the two stations every hour throughout the day. The joint output avoided mentioning the name of either station; instead full use was made of split jingles. At midday, Steve Watts hosted the hour-long 'Watts for Lunch' which featured celebrity guests, local topics, and the Weather Wardens, made up of listener-correspondents from across the county, who brought unusual facts and history about their corner of Surrey.  Following Miranda Birch's consumer show from Brighton, the final daily programme from Guildford was Drivetime with Claire Paul, although since she was also station editor she was absent from the show more often than not. Charles Carroll, Mike Carson and Radio Sussex's Stewart Macintosh were the usual stand-ins. In the early days, Christina King presented travel reports during this show as well.

There were three weekend programmes from Guildford - Steve Watts's light-hearted Saturday show which included a pub team quiz; the religious programme Sunday Best; and Nick Simmons's laid back Sunday morning show of music and chat.

Just over a week after launch, BBC Radio Surrey presented its first Children in Need programme, with John Terrett and Christina King making a brief appearance on the South East section of the television coverage. The station was to receive little more in the way of promotion thereafter.

In October 1992, John Terrett and Claire Paul left, so Stewart Macintosh took over the lunchtime show (while continuing to present BBC Radio Sussex's breakfast show), while Tim Humphrey moved to breakfast and Steve Watts moved to Drivetime. Jonathan Wills (later a presenter on ITV's London Tonight) joined the station, first as a travel presenter, before moving on to news reading and then sports presenting. During 1993, Phil Kennedy became a regular stand-in on BBC Radio Surrey's Drivetime and lunchtime shows.

Over its two years on air, BBC Radio Surrey struggled to build a substantial audience; in fact audience figures reached a maximum of only 29,000, or 7 per cent reach, in 1993. One factor in this was that the output was broadcast by only one transmitter at Guildford, covering West Surrey on 104.6 FM, meaning people in East Surrey could not hear the station on FM (although there was the possibility of picking up the station in East Surrey on the medium wave frequency). Another was the fact that the county's ILR stations were already long-established, making it difficult for the new station to establish itself.

Following schedule changes in July 1993, BBC Radio Surrey was gradually wound down. From September, the station was identified on air as 'BBC Radio Sussex and Surrey', although some programmes remained split between the two counties. The merger was completed on 7 January 1994, when BBC Radio Sussex and Surrey officially became a single station.

BBC Southern Counties Radio (1994–2009)

On 1 August 1994, the station's name was changed to BBC Southern Counties Radio. At first it ran a single all-talk schedule across Sussex and Surrey. However, in September 1997, a dedicated breakfast show for Surrey was reintroduced, followed by a drivetime show in April 2006. Apart from a brief period in 2006, the former BBC Radio Sussex transmitter at Reigate on 104.0 FM was now used for the Surrey output, in order to give better reception for listeners in East Surrey.

BBC Surrey (2009–2020)

The county name returned to the radio station's name on 30 March 2009, when BBC Surrey became the new name for BBC Southern Counties Radio across Surrey, North-East Hampshire and Crawley, broadcasting on 104.0 and 104.6 FM.  Mark Carter was the first voice on air, presenting the 6 am to 9 am breakfast show.

BBC Radio Surrey (2020–present)
On 30 March 2020, the station reverted to its original name of BBC Radio Surrey.

Technical
BBC Radio Surrey is transmitted on FM and on DAB via the MuxCo Surrey multiplex, which officially launched on 12 December 2013. Until 2018, the station was also broadcast on medium wave.

Analogue VHF FM
104.0 MHz - Redhill, Reigate & Crawley (Reigate transmitter)
104.6 MHz - Guildford (Guildford transmitter)
DAB Digital Radio: Block 10C 213.36 MHz
Reigate & Crawley (Reigate transmitter)
Guildford (Guildford transmitter)
South West London (Crystal Palace transmitter)
Farnham (Hungry Hill transmitter)
Leatherhead (Stoke d'Abernon transmitter)
Analogue medium wave AM
1368 kHz - Reigate & Crawley (Duxhurst transmitter) [Ceased 03/01/2018]

The station also broadcasts on Freeview TV channel 722 in the BBC London, BBC South East and BBC South regions and streams online via BBC Sounds.

Programming
Local programming airs from the BBC's Guildford studios from 6 am to 10 am on Mondays to Saturdays and from 2 pm to 6 pm on Saturdays.

Regional programming, shared with BBC Radio Sussex, airs from 10 am to 10 pm on weekdays, from 10 am to 2 pm and 8 pm to 10 pm on Saturdays and from 6 am to 6 pm and 10 pm to 1 am on Sundays.

Off-peak programming, including the weekday late show from 10 pm to 1 am, originates from BBC Radio Solent in Southampton and BBC Radio Berkshire in Reading.

During the station's downtime, BBC Radio Surrey simulcasts overnight programming from BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC Radio London.

References

External links
BBC Radio Surrey
Media UK - BBC Radio Surrey

Surrey
Radio stations in Surrey
Radio stations established in 1991
1991 establishments in England


The PL-2 () is an infrared homing (IRH) air-to-air missiles (AAM) developed in the People's Republic of China (PRC). It was a reverse-engineered Soviet Vympel K-13, which in turn was a reverse-engineered American AIM-9B Sidewinder.

The PL-2 was the root of a family of AAMs; of the derivatives, only the PL-5B was successful.

PL-2
The PRC acquired an intact AIM-9B during the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1958. Air combat between over the strait between the Republic of China Air Force (ROCAF) and the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) marked the combat debut of AAMs, with Sidewinder-armed ROCAF F-86 Sabres achieving notable success against PLAAF J-5s. On 28 September, a J-5 returned to base with an unexploded Sidewinder lodged in its airframe.

The PRC's attempts to reverse engineer the AIM-9B failed. The PRC transferred the missile to the Soviet Union, which agreed to share the reverse engineered product; in 1961, the PRC received technical data for and examples of the K-13. Replication of the K-13 began in 1962 with live-fire tests occurring in 1967. In 1967, Factory 331 in Zhuzhou was permitted to begin series production, but series production was delayed until 1970 due to the Cultural Revolution. In 1970, production transferred to the Nanfeng Machinery Plant in Hanzhong. Production of the PL-2A ended in February 1984.

The PL-2B was based on the AIM-9E. Development began in 1976 and it entered mass production in 1981; production ended in 1986.

PL-3
The PL-3 was the first indigenously developed AAM in China. Originally, the idea was to build an improved version of the Vympel K-13, with increased speed, range, precision, lethality and maneuverability.  The main contractor was the 612th Research Institute (later reorganized as the Luoyang Electro-Optics Technology Development Centre (EOTDC)).

However, after the program begun in June 1962, the original goal proved to be too technologically ambitious for the Chinese industry back then to achieve. Additionally, the Cultural Revolution started a few years later, and it greatly affected the progress of the PL-3 program. As a result, the PL-3 project had borrowed heavily from the earlier PL-2 and the program was protracted: after the first batch of 20 missiles was completed in June 1968, and the second batch of 30 in December 1969, the necessary tests were not completed until November 1974, four years after the start in 1970. The missile finally received its state certification in April 1980, and 50 production version missiles were completed by 1981. However, during training and evaluations, it was revealed that the PL-3 did not significantly outperform the PL-2. Furthermore, the experience gained from the PL-3 project could be reused in the PL-2 improvement efforts, so there was no need to have an additional separate AAM program when the requirement could be met by just one.  Consequently, the PL-3 project was terminated in 1983.

Specifications:
Maximum range: 11.5 km
Minimum range: 1.3 km
Maximum speed: Mach 2.5
Maximum altitude: 23 km
Weight: 93 kg
Length: 2.123 m
Diameter: 135 mm
Wingspan: 654 mm

PL-5

The PL-5 is a further Chinese development of the PL-2. Earlier PL-series missiles had been developed from the Soviet Vympel K-13, and all of them were infrared-guided. The PL-5 AAM was the first Chinese attempt to follow the Soviet practice of developing both semi-active radar and infrared guidance for the same missile, and the main contractor was the 612th Research Institute (later reorganized as Luoyang Electro-Optics Technology Development Centre (EOTDC)).

Work on the SARH version of the PL-5 begun in April 1966, and first test flight was conducted in July 1971. Live round test fires begun in September 1972, but due to the Cultural Revolution that had seriously disrupted and delayed production and development, all of the missiles of the first batch of production ran out before the test could be completed. It was not until April 1984, well after the end of the Cultural Revolution, that the second batch was completed. Tests were resumed in August 1984, finally completed in March 1982. However, tests and evaluation revealed that the SARH version was not adequate enough and this version was consequently cancelled in 1983.

The infrared-guided version of PL-5 was equally affected by the political turmoil in China, and its development was delayed even further: it was not until September 1986 that this version finally received its state certification; the missile entered mass production in the same year. Despite the delay, this version proved to be more successful and many further upgrades were developed later on, including the PL-5E variant.

Specifications:
Maximum range: 10 km (PL-5A) / 16 km (PL-5B)
Minimum range: 1.3 km
Maximum speed: Mach 2.5
Maximum altitude: 18 km (PL-5A) / 21.5 km (PL-5B)
Minimum altitude: 1 km (PL-5A) / 0.5 km (PL-5B)
Maximum g: 30 g
Guidance: semi-active radar homing / infrared
Warhead: 30 kg
Weight: 150 kg (PL-5A) / 148 kg (PL-5B)
Length: 3.235 m (PL-5A) / 3.128 m (PL-5B)
Diameter: 190 mm
Wingspan: 657mm

PL-6
Due to the delays in its development, the PL-3 AAM was already inadequate before its completion. A follow-up was planned to incorporate advances in microelectronics and lessons learned in aerial combats, based on the feedback of Vietnam War. The reasons for starting development a new AAM were the inherent design limitations of the PL-3. During the development period of the latter missile, it was difficult to incorporate the technological advances as planned. The new program was designated as PL-6 and begun in 1975, before the PL-3 program was even completed. The main contractor was the 612th Research Institute (later reorganized as Luoyang Electro-Optics Technology Development Centre (EOTDC)).

The first batch of missiles was completed in 1978 and tests were successfully completed in 1979. However, the PL-6 met the same fate as its predecessor, the PL-3: during training and evaluations, it was revealed that the PL-6 did not significantly outperform the PL-3. Furthermore, the experience gained from the PL-6 project could be reused in the PL-2 improvement efforts, so there was no need to have an additional, separate AAM program, when the requirement could be met by just one. Consequently, the PL-6 program was drastically scaled back in 1981, and after a very limited production run, the PL-6 was terminated in 1983.
Maximum range: 11.5 km
Minimum range: 1.3 m
Maximum speed: Mach 2.5
Maximum altitude: 23 km
Maximum g force: 29 g
Weight: 93 kg
Length: 2.123 m
Diameter: 135 mm
Wingspan: 654 mm

Operators

Bangladesh Air Force

Myanmar Air Force

 People's Liberation Army
People's Liberation Army Air Force
People's Liberation Army Navy Air Force

 Air Force of Zimbabwe - replaced by the PL-5

References

Citations

Bibliography

Guided missiles of the People's Republic of China
Air-to-air missiles of the People's Republic of China
Cold War weapons of China
China–Soviet Union relations
Military equipment introduced in the 1970s


The Tour Carpe Diem is a  tall skyscraper in the La Défense business district, near Paris in France.

The first stone was laid early 2011 by the main contractor BESIX and Spie Batignolles. Completed in 2013, it is located in the municipality of Courbevoie and contains offices.

Awards
The building was nominated for an Architizer award in 2015.

See also
List of tallest buildings and structures in the Paris region

References

Buildings and structures in Hauts-de-Seine
Skyscraper office buildings in La Défense
Robert A. M. Stern buildings
Office buildings completed in 2013
21st-century architecture in France


Spermatozoa develop in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. During their development the spermatogonia proceed through meiosis to become spermatozoa. Many changes occur during this process: the DNA in nuclei becomes condensed; the acrosome develops as a structure close to the nucleus. The acrosome is derived from the Golgi apparatus and contains hydrolytic enzymes important for fusion of the spermatozoon with an egg cell. During spermiogenesis the nucleus condenses and changes shape. Abnormal shape change is a feature of sperm in male infertility.
The acroplaxome is a structure found between the acrosomal membrane and the nuclear membrane. The acroplaxome contains structural proteins including keratin 5, F-actin and profilin IV.

References

Cell biology


The Bold Ruler Stakes  is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for three-years-old and older run over a distance of seven furlongs run annually in late October Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. The event currently offers a purse of $200,000.

History

The race is named for U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee and 1957 US Horse of the Year, Bold Ruler.

The event was inaugurated on 22 December 1976 at Aqueduct Racetrack at a distance of six furlongs and was won by Chief Tamanaco who was ridden by US Hall of Fame jockey Angel Cordero Jr. and trained by the young trainer James Iselin, son of Philip H. Iselin who at the time was Chairman of Monmouth Park Racetrack in a time of 1:09.

In 1978 the event was scheduled to be run in early spring in April and it was raced at that time of the year until 2002. That year the event was moved to Belmont Park and held in May and was duly held then until 2009. In 2009 the event was moved to the Aqueduct Fall Meeting and has been held in late October or early November and at times returning to be scheduled at Belmont Park.

In 1982 the event was classified as Grade III, upgraded to Grade II in 1985 for five runnings before being downgraded back to Grade III in 1990.

In the 1998 running, Kelly Kip, ridden by Jean-Luc Samyn, set an Aqueduct rack record of 1:07.61 for the six furlongs distance. Samyn and Kelly Kip returned the following year to break that record, running the six furlongs in 1:07.54.

In 2009 the Bold Ruler was increased in distance to 7 furlongs.

In 2019 Maximum Security set a new stakes record for the seven furlong distance en route to being crowned the US Champion Three-Year-Old Male Horse.

In 2022 the conditions of the event were changed to a stakes race with allowances. Also the event in 2022 was moved to Aqueduct Racetrack due to infield tunnel and redevelopment work at Belmont Park and run at a shorter distance of six furlongs.

Records
Speed record:
7 furlongs:  1:20.76 – Maximum Security (2019)
6 furlongs:  1:07.54 – Kelly Kip (1999)

Margins:
 lengths – No Dozing (2018)

Most wins:
 2 – Dave's Friend (1980, 1981)
 2 – Kelly Kip (1998, 1999)

Most wins by a jockey:
 3 – Ángel Cordero Jr. (1976, 1985, 1987)
 3 – Jean-Luc Samyn (1977, 1998, 1999)
 3 – John R. Velazquez (1994, 2001, 2010)
 3 – Jose Lezcano (2009, 2011, 2013)

Most wins by a trainer:
 4 – H. Allen Jerkens (1995, 1998, 1999, 2009)

Most wins by an owner:
 3 – Hobeau Farm (1995, 1998, 1999)

Winners

Notes:

§ Ran as an entry

See also
List of American and Canadian Graded races

References

Graded stakes races in the United States
Grade 3 stakes races in the United States
Open sprint category horse races
Horse races in New York (state)
Recurring sporting events established in 1976
Belmont Park
1976 establishments in New York (state)


Utrecht University School of Economics (USE) is the Economics department of Utrecht University, in the Netherlands.

The department is divided into three different units:
 the Undergraduate School of Economics, which offers bachelor’s programmes
 the Graduate School of Economics
 the Tjalling C. Koopmans Research Institute (TKI), which conducts academic research and supervises research master's programmes  (MPhil).

Programmes

Bachelors

BSc in Economics and Business Economics
The Bsc in Economics and Business Economics is a three-year programme taught in English. In the three-year bachelor's programme, all students will start with a number of basic courses that together constitute the required part of the curriculum. After completing these courses they can specialize in a subject of their choice: Financial-Monetary Economics, Business & Management, International Economics, Labour & Organisation, Economics & Politics or the Firm and Competition Apart from this, USE offers a unique curriculum, giving students the opportunity to combine their study of Economics with especially compiled courses in Law, Social Sciences, Geography, Psychology or History.

Masters

MMc in Law and Economics

MSc in Economic Policy
The Msc in Economic Policy is a programme that is specifically designed to provide students with the knowledge of Economics and Social Sciences.

MSc in International Economics and Business

 International Management
 International Financial Economics
 International Ventures and Entrepreneurship
 Globalisation and development

MSc in Multidisciplinary Economics
The Tjalling C. Koopmans Research Institute provides one final research Master in Multidisciplinary economics.

MSc in Economics: Education and Communication
This final Master is not provided by Utrecht School of Economics, but by the Center of Education and Learning of the Utrecht University, in corporation with USE and Utrecht Graduate School of Law. This English taught master's programme leads to a full secondary school teaching qualification in the Netherlands. During the course, students will undertake teaching rounds at different types of secondary schools or in a higher education institution, both in the Netherlands and abroad.

The programme takes two years to complete. The basic entry requirement for the Dutch variant is a bachelor's degree in Economics. For the international variant of the course, U-TEAch (Utrecht Teacher Education Academy), the entry requirements are more stringent.

Exchange Programmes
The Utrecht University School of Economics has exchange agreements with 27 partner universities.

Study Association

ECU'92 is the study organization for all students who study economics at USE. They represent students, participate in the decision-making of the department and organize social, academic and career related events, often in partnership with the university. It is one of the largest study associations in Utrecht. The association has about 1800 members, approximately 130 of which are active in committees. Important political figures or executives have attended the ECU'92 conference throughout the years. Job fairs offer a convenient place for USE students to meet Dutch companies and get a first interview. Finally, ECU'92 publishes The Ecunomist, which name is a nod to the British weekly magazine The Economist.

Notes

Economics schools
Utrecht University


John Williams (1762 – 3 April 1802) was a Welsh Anglican clergyman with Methodist sympathies.  He also published a book of sermons.

Life
Williams, from Fishguard, Pembrokeshire, Wales, was born in 1762.  He was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, from 1783, but there is no evidence that he graduated.  He was ordained in 1785 and, after a spell as a private tutor and curate, he was given charge of the Pembrokeshire parishes of Burton and Williamston in addition to being curate of Rosemarket.  He became vicar of Begelly in 1793.  He was sympathetic towards the Methodist movement, and was on good terms with Methodist clergy such as Thomas Charles; non-conformist clergy who visited Begelly were welcome guests at his home.  He published Twenty Sermons on Miscellaneous Subjects (1805).  He died in Begelly on 3 April 1802.

References

1762 births
1802 deaths
18th-century Welsh Anglican priests
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford


The Tour D2 is a  tall skyscraper in the La Défense business district outside of Paris, France. It is located in the municipality of Courbevoie and is used for office purposes. It is the 13th tallest building in the Paris region. It includes a public garden on its roof.

See also
List of tallest buildings and structures in the Paris region

References

External links

 Aerial Footage Office tower D2 in the business district of Paris La Défense (YouTube)

Buildings and structures in Hauts-de-Seine
Skyscraper office buildings in La Défense
2014 establishments in France
Office buildings completed in 2014
21st-century architecture in France


Matthew Ahmat (born 27 June 1974 in Alice Springs) is a former Indigenous Australian rules footballer who played for the Brisbane Bears and Sydney Swans in the Australian Football League (AFL) during the early 1990s.

The Ahmat name has had a long association with the Northern Territory Football League, as both his father and grandfather played at his original club, Darwin. He started his AFL career at Brisbane but struggled to establish a place in the Robert Walls coached side.

After spending the 1993 season in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) playing for Norwood, Ahmat received a lifeline from Sydney, who recruited him with the first pick of the 1993 Mid-Season draft. Ahmat made appearances in two of the opening three rounds of Sydney's 1994 campaign but could not extend his AFL career any further.

References

1974 births
Living people
Brisbane Bears players
Sydney Swans players
Norwood Football Club players
Indigenous Australian players of Australian rules football
Darwin Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from the Northern Territory
Australian rules football players from Darwin, Northern Territory


The Society for Sanity in Art was an American artist's society whose members strongly opposed all forms of modern art, including cubism, surrealism, and abstract expressionism.

History
The society was founded in Chicago in 1936 by Josephine Hancock Logan, and eventually had branches is most US cities, with major branches in Boston and San Francisco. Ms. Logan also published a book entitled Sanity in Art in 1937.

Haig Patigian was the group's president in the 1940s. Margaret Fitzhugh Browne founded the Boston branch, and led it in protesting a 1940 exhibit of paintings by Picasso at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. A western branch of the Society changed its name to the Society of Western Artists in 1939; it is currently the largest society of representational artists in the western US. The society's San Francisco branch sponsored an annual art exhibit-for-sale by its members at the California Palace of the Legion of Honor at least as late as 1945.

Artists that supported the group's cause included William Winthrop Ward, Florence Louise Bryant, Percy Gray, Rudolph F. Ingerle, Frank Montague Moore, Thomas Hill, Frank Charles Peyraud, Theodore Wores and Chauncey Foster Ryder.

The Society gave awards to artists who met its standards of "sanity", included the Logan Medal of the Arts.

References

American artist groups and collectives
1936 establishments in Illinois
Conservative organizations in the United States
Arts organizations established in 1936


Emil "Hill Billy" Bildilli (September 16, 1912 – September 16, 1946) was an American professional baseball pitcher who appeared in 41 games in Major League Baseball over all or part of five seasons for the St. Louis Browns (1937–41). A left-hander born in Diamond, Indiana, he was listed as  tall and .

Playing career

Minor leagues
Bildilli grew up in Shepardsville in Vigo County, Indiana, and attended Clinton High School. As a young man, he moved to Terre Haute, where he played semiprofessional baseball. In 1937, Terre Haute's Class B Illinois-Indiana-Iowa League team, the Tots, a St. Louis Browns' farm club, signed Bildilli, then 24, to his first pro contract. He appeared in 15 games and posted a 7–7 won–lost record before the Tots folded on July 3. Bildilli then spent the rest of the 1937 minor-league campaign with the Class C Johnstown Johnnies of the Middle Atlantic League.

Major leagues
In late August, he was recalled all the way to St. Louis, getting into four games for the 1937 Browns (with one start), but he struggled, losing his only decision with a 10.13 earned run average.

Bildilli was back in the minor leagues for the bulk of 1938, but it was a banner year for him. He won 18 of 22 decisions for Springfield of the Illinois-Indiana-Iowa League, and was effective in three appearances in the high-level Texas League with San Antonio. He earned another late-season trial with the  Browns, working in five games and recording his first MLB victory, but he remained ineffective, with 7.06 ERA. St. Louis sent him back to San Antonio in , where he helped pitch the Missions into the playoffs by winning 22 games, tied for tops in the Texas League. Back with the Browns for a third consecutive September stint, he posted two complete games in as many starts and lowered his ERA to 3.32 in 19 innings pitched, setting the stage for his  season, Bildilli's only full year in the major leagues.

Appearing in 28 games for a sixth-place 1940 Browns team that lost 87 games, Bildilli compiled a modest 2–4 won–lost mark, and his earned run average was a poor 5.57. However, on April 30, 1940, at Yankee Stadium and facing the defending world champion New York Yankees, Bildilli turned in a scintillating performance. After allowing hits to the first two batters he faced—a triple to Frankie Crosetti and an RBI single to Red Rolfe—Bildilli settled down and allowed only two more baserunners, both of whom he walked. The Browns battled back to score two runs in the middle innings, rewarding Bildilli with a two-hit, complete game 2–1 triumph.

He pitched only one more season in professional baseball. In 1941, after two early-season games and only 2 innings pitched, St. Louis sent him to Toledo, their top affiliate, where he struggled to a 5–9 (5.57) record. He closed the book on a major league career that included a 4–8 record and 5.84 earned run average in 41 games, including 17 starts. He registered seven career complete games and one save. In 148 innings pitched, he surrendered 184 hits and 75 walks, with 55 strikeouts.

After pro baseball
In 1942, Bildilli took a job with the fire department in Muncie, Indiana, and played semi-professionally. After defeating a barnstorming team from the Negro leagues in Fort Wayne on September 14, 1946, he was driving home to Muncie when his car ran off the road and hit a tree. Bildilli suffered a fractured skull, and died two days later in Hartford City on his 34th birthday, leaving his wife and two children.

References

External links

1912 births
1946 deaths
Baseball players from Indiana
Johnstown Johnnies players
Major League Baseball pitchers
People from Parke County, Indiana
People from Vigo County, Indiana
Road incident deaths in Indiana
St. Louis Browns players
San Antonio Missions players
Springfield Browns players
Terre Haute Tots players
Toledo Mud Hens players


Indore gharana is one of the vocal gharanas of Indian classical music.  It was founded by Amir Khan, who studied the styles of Abdul Wahid Khan, Aman Ali Khan, Rajab Ali Khan and Abdul Karim Khan and amalgamated their style.

Amir Khan grew up in Indore, India but he did not like the factionalism inherent in the gharana tradition.  In an interview to Akashvani, Indore, he said:

Performances in the Indore gharana are noted by the vilambit tempo in the style of Abdul Wahid Khan, and the taans reminiscent of Rajab Ali Khan.  The merukhand structure is similar to that practiced by Aman Ali Khan of the Bhendibazaar gharana. The khayal gayaki in the 'Indore gharana' retains the slow development and restraint from frills as in the dhrupad.  Mohan Nadkarni says of Amir Khan's music that whereas Bade Ghulam Ali Khan's music was extroverted and exuberant, Amir Khan's music was an introverted, dignified 'darbar' style

Amir Khan's conviction about the importance of poetry in khyal compositions (he used to compose under the pen name, Sur Rang), has also marked the singing of the 'Indore gharana'.

Characteristics of the Indore gharana include:

 slow-tempo raga development
 improvisation mostly in lower and middle octaves
 tendency towards serious and expansive (darbari) ragas
 emphasis on melody
 bol alap and sargam using merukhand patterns
 sparing application of murki and other embellishments to preserve introspective quality
 use of kan swaras (acciaccatura) in all parts of performance
 rare use of tihai
 careful enunciation of text of bandish - the bandish performance may or may not include antara
 multiple laya (tempo) jatis in a single taan
 mixture of taan types in a single taan
 use of ruba'idar tarana (considered similar to chhota khyal)

After Amir Khan's death in a car accident in Kolkata in 1974, the "Indore gharana" has become a powerful stream in modern Hindustani music. Direct disciples of Amir Khan included Pandith Amarnath, Shankar Lal Mishra, Kankana Banerjee, Purvi Mukherjee, and others. However, a number of influential musicians including Sultan Khan (sarangi player) have developed their music under 'Indore gharana' influence.

Prominent exponents
 Gokulotsavji Maharaj
 Kankana Banerjee
 Shanti Sharma
 Baldev Raj Verma
 Ramneek Singh
 Akhil Kumar Das
 Amarjeet Kaur (a disciple of Ustad Amir Khan and Pandit Amarnath)

References

Vocal gharanas
Culture of Indore


Thirunelveli Subramaniyan Balaiah (23 August 1914 – 22 July 1972) was an Indian actor. He is best known for playing supporting roles in Tamil films. Born in Sundankottai, near Udankudi in Thoothukudi, Balaiah was introduced to the cine field by director Ellis R. Dungan in Sathi Leelavathi (1936), along with M. G. Ramachandran, N. S. Krishnan and M. K. Radha. He was one of the very few actors who excelled as a villain, as well as in character roles and comic roles.

Early life & death
T. S. Balaiah was born on 23 August 1914. He was born in Sundankottai, now in Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu Balaiah lived in T. Nagar, and died at the age of 57.

Career
Being Part of various drama troupes, his career in films started with 'Madurai Original Boys' drama company which had several talented youngsters who created history in Tamil cinema, including M.K. Radha, M. G. Ramachandran, and N. S. Krishnan. Balaiah began his film career through the Tamil film Sathi Leelavathi in 1936. Balaiah played first lead role in Mohini paired opposite Madhuri Devi, where he played an elder brother to V. N. Janaki and supporting role by M.G.R . He gained a lot of weight at the age of 40 in 1954, hence started getting more character roles.  Among his villain roles, Ambikapathy 1937, Andhaman Kaithi, Madurai Veeran, Thaikkupin Tharam, Hello Mister Zamindar and Thiruvilaiyadal were critically acclaimed. Balaiah also excelled in comedy roles in movies such as Kavalai Illaadha Manithan, Kadhalikka Neramillai, Bama Vijayam and Thillana Mohanambal. Actor Sivaji Ganesan had once mentioned that Balaiah along with M. R. Radha was his most admired actor.

Personal life
Actress Manochithra is his daughter, while one of his sons Junior Balaiah has also appeared in films. Another son, Sai Baba, was part of MSV's troupe and sang a few songs.

Partial filmography

References

External links

1914 births
1972 deaths
20th-century comedians
20th-century Indian male actors
People from Thoothukudi district
Tamil comedians
Tamil male actors
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners


Canyon Bicycles GmbH (abbr.: Canyon) is a German manufacturer of road bikes, mountain bikes, hybrid bikes, triathlon bikes and e-bikes based in Koblenz, Germany.

History
In 1985, Roman Arnold and his brother Franc Arnold (who is no longer involved with the company) founded 'Radsport Arnold' GmbH as a supplier of bike parts for cycling. It was not until 1996 that the first bikes with the brand name Canyon appeared. Radsport Arnold adopted a direct sales strategy via the Internet.

In 2001, the company took the step from being a supplier to becoming a cycle manufacturer and changed its name to Canyon Bicycles GmbH. With Lutz Scheffer (formerly Bergwerk and Votec) Canyon was able to secure the services of a frame designer. In the next few years the firm based in Koblenz, Germany was able to hire Hans Christian Smolik along with other bicycle construction experts.

In 2006, Canyon unveiled its new corporate design, which also received several awards in 2007 (European Design Award for Corporate Design, red dot design awards for Corporate and web design, iF Product Design Award for Corporate Design).

In 2018, Canyon launched its first e-bike called the Spectral:ON.

In 2020, the brand launched the first in its line of Canyon Factory Racing (CFR) bikes (the Strive mountain bike), a limited run of high-end bikes designed for professional riders. The current CFR line up consists of the Lux, Aeroad, Exceed, Sender and Ultimate.

Involvement in cycle and triathlon sport
Radsport Arnold was involved in elite sport right from its start. In 1985 the Koblenz-based company had its first successful sportsman under contract in Jürgen Zäck.

In the area of road racing the company has been in cooperation with various teams. In 2007 the company first equipped the team Unibet.com, which took part in the UCI ProTour. The brand has previously sponsored a number of professional road racing teams including Katusha. Currently, the Movistar men's and women's teams, Alpecin–Fenix and Canyon–SRAM compete on Canyon racing bikes.

Nairo Quintana won on a Canyon bike the 2014 Giro d'Italia, riding an Ultimate CF SLX frame for the road stages and a Speedmax CF for the time trials. Then again in 2019 Canyon was at the top of the podium in the Italian Giro with Richard Carapaz reaching the Arena di Verona after a successful last time trial. Other achievements on Canyon bikes include Cadel Evans' 2009 World Professional Road Race Championship for the Silence-Lotto team, Alexander Kristoff's two stage wins in the 2014 Tour de France, Alex Dowsett's Hour Record and Jan Frodeno´s wins at the Ironman European Championship 2015 in Frankfurt and at the Ironman World Championship in Hawaii 2015. From 2017–2020 Canyon run a very successful collaboration with Pauline Ferrand-Prévot who led the athlete to win two French XCO National Championships, racked up multiple XCO World Cup podium finishes, took XCO World Championship bronze, and became national cyclocross champion. After a surgery she was back on the podium in XCO World Cup win in Val di Sole, gold at the XCO World Championships in Mont-Sainte-Anne, and another win at the XCM World Championships in Grächen. Then in 2020 before splitting path with Canyon she won the XCO World Cup race in Nové Město, became XCO World Champion once again, and went on to win European Championship gold.

In December 2016, it was announced that they would co-sponsor the British UCI Continental-status  team, which would make its debut in 2017.

In 2020, Mathieu van der Poel won the Tour of Flanders on a Canyon Aeroad, adding this to a very rich palmares of title in the main XCO competitions and lately road ones, including a sensational win in 2021 Strade Bianche.

Other branding

Until August 15, 2019, in Switzerland, Canyon bikes were called "Pure Cycling" since the brand name "Canyon" was already registered by Lizard Sport AG. Canyon bikes made for the Swiss market had the brand name on the downtube replaced by the model name.

Controversies
After standardizing company-wide IT infrastructure to suit projections that began in November 2015, Canyon expanded production facilities to end the year. During the subsequent transitional phases of improvement, Canyon's reputation suffered by reductions in customer service. Associated obstacles were encountered during internal expansions that were coupled to external supply chain deficiencies, regarding spare parts. Reported discontent essentially reflected concerns that the company grew more interested in selling their products than providing adequate customer service.

To address concerns, Canyon's founder and CEO released a statement in February 2016, offering an official apology and addressing customer criticisms. The disclosure also informed the public of the contributing circumstances and outlined corrective actions. The firm thanked customers for their loyalty and continued patience.

References

External links

Cycle manufacturers of Germany
Mountain bike manufacturers
Companies based in Koblenz
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1985
1985 establishments in West Germany
German brands
German companies established in 1985


Bisulepin is strong and relatively selective antihistamine (H1 antagonist) with hypnotic, antiadrenergic and very weak anticholinergic and antiserotonergic effects. Bisulepin is marketed in the Czech Republic and Slovakia under the trademark Dithiaden as tablets and injections.

The registered active form is the trans- (i.e. E-) isomer.

See also
 Dosulepin
 Doxepin

References

External links
 Chemical data for bisulepin hydrochloride

H1 receptor antagonists
Thiepines
Thiophenes
Antihistamines