St. Andrew's United Church is an historic congregation of the United Church of Canada in Toronto, Canada. Located in the city's downtown core near the intersection of Yonge and Bloor streets, it is a combination of five other downtown Toronto congregations.

History
The church originated from St. Andrew's Church, which was founded in 1830 as the first Church of Scotland congregation in what was then the town of York. The original St. Andrew's was located at the corner of Adelaide and Church Streets. By the 1870s, it had become clear that a new church building was needed. The downtown core had moved westward, and most of the congregation wanted to shift in that direction as well, but a minority staunchly opposed the idea. With the congregation thus split, the majority moved in 1876 to a new structure at King and Simcoe streets that still exists today as St. Andrew's Church.

The smaller part of the congregation stayed in the eastern part of town and became known as "Old St. Andrew's", and this church gave rise to the current St. Andrew's United. In 1878, the Old St. Andrew's congregation built a new church building at the corner of Jarvis and Carlton streets. With the formation of the United Church of Canada in 1925, Old St. Andrew's elected to join the new union, while St. Andrew's on King Street remained Presbyterian.

Over the next decades, the number of United Church supporters in the downtown area decreased dramatically, and a number of congregations were consolidated. St. Andrew's is today the descendant of four other congregations. Westminster-Central United merged with St. Andrew's in 1950. The name was established as St. Andrew's, but the congregation left the Jarvis Street building and moved to the location of Westminster-Central, which was on Bloor near Yonge. The Jarvis Street building was sold to two Baltic Lutheran congregations, which were then quickly increasing in number in Toronto. They kept the St. Andrew name and continued until recently to operate as St. Andrew's Evangelical Lutheran Church.

Westminster-Central was itself the combination of three historic Toronto churches. Westminster Presbyterian was the first established on the site in 1891. It merged with Grosvenor Street Presbyterian in 1921, when the latter church's building was demolished as part of a plan to extend Bay Street. When the United Church was formed, Westminster then merged with Central Methodist Church, which was located just across the street. This created Westminster-Central, which continued until the merger with St. Andrew's in 1950. The final merger was in 1973 with Yonge Street United Church, which was originally located at Yonge and Summerhill before it was destroyed by fire in May 1971.

The Westminster building that was the home of St. Andrew's after 1950 had been built in 1923, after the original 1891 structure on the site was destroyed by fire in 1920. In the mid-1970s, great debate arose in the congregation about the state of the church. It was low on funds, but sitting on some of the most expensive real estate in Canada. After considerable discussion, it was decided to demolish the old church, build an office tower above, and relocate the congregation to the lower level of the new complex. The redevelopment was completed in 1981, although the design of the final project had changed considerably.

The existing church at 117 Bloor Street East is a separate building facing Bloor and is set back into the urban courtyard, St. Andrew's Square. It is adjacent to the office tower at 121 Bloor Street East. A portion of the old church was retained by the city of Toronto and is now located further south on Yonge Street, marking the entrance to McGill Street. Several other United Churches chose the same path during this period, such as College Street United Church and Parkdale United Church.

Past buildings
The past buildings that housed St. Andrew's and the other congregations that have merged to create it:

See also
List of United Church of Canada churches in Toronto

References

"There’s a stone archway on the east side of Yonge, north of Gerrard" Toronto Life.

External links

United Church of Canada churches in Toronto
Church of Scotland churches in Scotland
1830 establishments in Upper Canada
Religious organizations established in 1830


Tempting The Gods: The Selected Stories of Tanith Lee, Volume One is a 2009 collection of 12 fantasy and science fiction short stories by author Tanith Lee, published by Wildside Press. Only one story, '"God and the Pig", is a previously unpublished work. The book includes Lee's very first published short story, "Eustace", originally issued in 1968. The book includes an introduction by Donald Wollheim.

The story "The Lady of Shalott House" was nominated for a British Science Fiction Award, and "Where Does the Town Go at Night?" was nominated for a British Fantasy Award.

Volume Two of this collection, titled Hunting The Shadows, was released in December 2009.

Contents

Tempting the Gods contains the following tales:

"Tiger I"
"Death Loves Me"
"Anna Medea"
"Ondralume"
"After I Killed Her"
"God and the Pig"
"The Kingdoms of the Air"
"Eustace"
"These Beasts"
"Cain"
"The Lady of Shalott House"
"Where Does the Town Go at Night?"

2009 short story collections
Fantasy short story collections
Science fiction short story collections
Short story collections by Tanith Lee
Wildside Press books


Sinkat (, Beja ) is a small town in eastern Sudan.

It is the main city of the district of the same name and, in some respects, the "capital" of the Hadendowa.

Transport
It is served by a station on the mainline of the Sudan railway network.

Climate
Sinkat has a very warm desert climate (Köppen BWh) with very hot summers and pleasantly warm winters. Rainfall is minimal except for July - August, when easterly winds bring 62 millimetres of rain. Sinkat has some, though very sparse, erratic, and negligible rain in nearly every month of the year. This town lies some 900 metres above sea level and thus is on average 5 degrees colder than nearby port town of Suakin.

See also
 Railway stations in Sudan

References

Populated places in Red Sea (state)


A pimple or zit is a kind of comedo that results from excess sebum and dead skin cells getting trapped in the pores of the skin. In its aggravated state, it may evolve into a pustule or papule. Pimples can be treated by acne medications, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatories prescribed by a physician, or various over the counter remedies purchased at a pharmacy.

Causes
Sebaceous glands inside the pore of the skin produce sebum. When the outer layers of skin shed (a natural and continuous process, normally), dead skin and oily sebum left behind may bond together and form a blockage of the sebaceous gland at the base of the skin. This is most common when the skin becomes thicker at puberty. The sebaceous gland continues to produce sebum, which builds up behind the blockage, allowing bacteria to grow in the area, including the species Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes, which causes inflammation and infection. Other causes of pimples include family history, stress, fluctuations in hormone levels, hair and skincare products, medication side effects, and un-diagnosed or underlying medical conditions. Pimples can be part of the presentation of rosacea.

The American Academy of Dermatology recommends that adults with acne use products labeled as "non-comedogenic", "non-acnegenic", "oil-free" or "won’t clog pores", as they are "least likely" to cause skin irritation or acne.

Treatment

Over-the-counter medications
Common over-the-counter medications for pimples are benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, adapalene, and antibacterial agents such as triclosan. These topical medications, which can be found in many creams and gels used to treat acne (acne vulgaris), induce skin to slough off more easily, helping to remove bacteria faster. Before application, the face should be washed with warm water or a topical cleanser and then dried.

A regimen of keeping the affected skin area clean, plus the regular application of these topical medications is usually enough to keep acne under control, if not at bay altogether. The most common product is a topical treatment of benzoyl peroxide, which has minimal risk apart from minor skin irritation that may present similar as a mild allergy. Recently, nicotinamide (vitamin B3), applied topically, has been shown to be more effective in treatment of pimples than antibiotics such as clindamycin. Nicotinamide is not an antibiotic and has no side effects typically associated with antibiotics. It has the added advantage of reducing skin hyperpigmentation which results in pimple scars.

Prescription medication
Severe acne usually indicates the necessity of prescription medication to treat the pimples. Prescription medications used to treat acne and pimples include isotretinoin, which is a retinoid, anti-seborrheic medications, anti-androgen medications, hormonal treatments, alpha hydroxy acid, azelaic acid, and keratolytic soaps.

Historically, antibiotics such as tetracyclines and erythromycin were prescribed. While they were more effective than topical applications of benzoyl peroxide, the bacteria eventually grew resistant to the antibiotics and the treatments became less and less effective. Also, antibiotics had more side effects than topical applications, such as stomach cramps and severe discoloration of teeth. Common antibiotics prescribed as of 2001 by dermatologists included doxycycline and minocycline.

Isotretinoin is used primarily for severe cystic acne and acne that has not responded to other treatments. Many dermatologists also support its use for treatment of lesser degrees of acne that prove resistant to other treatments, or that produce physical or psychological scarring. It is teratogenic, and requires strict prevention of pregnancy during its use.

Expression
Expression, the manual bursting of pimples which have evolved into whiteheads with one's fingers (colloquially, "popping"), can allow bacteria to be introduced into the open wound this creates. This can result in infection and permanent scarring. Thus expression is generally recommended against by dermatologists and estheticians in favour of allowing pimples to run through their natural lifespans. Some dermatologists offer incision and drainage services to sterilely drain the pimple.

References

External links

Dermatologic terminology
Skin care


Longstaff may refer to:

People
Abie Longstaff, Australian children's book author
Bert Longstaff (1885–1970), English football player for Brighton & Hove Albion
David Longstaff (born 1974), British ice hockey player and father of Matty and Sean
Ellis Longstaff (born 2002), rugby league footballer
Francis Longstaff (born 1956), American educator
Fred Longstaff (c. 1890–1916), English rugby league footballer
Frederick Longstaff (1879–1961), Anglo-Canadian soldier, architect, and mountaineer
George Longstaff (c. 1947–2003), British bicycle and tricycle builder
George Blundell Longstaff (1849–1921), British civil activist
George W. Longstaff (1850–1901), American architect
Jane Longstaff (1855–1935), British malacologist
Sir John Longstaff (1861–1941), Australian painter and war artist
Johnny Longstaff (fl. 1930s), English anti-fascist activist
Josh Longstaff (born 1982), American basketball coach
Llewellyn W. Longstaff (1841–1918), English industrialist
Luis Longstaff (born 2001), English footballer
Marion L. Longstaff (1904–1984), American politician
Matty Longstaff (born 2000), English footballer and son of David Longstaff
Moorea Longstaff, Canadian para-swimmer
Ronald Earl Longstaff (born 1941), United States federal judge
Sean Longstaff (born 1997), English footballer, son of David Longstaff
Shaun Longstaff (born 1972), rugby union player for Scotland
Suzie Longstaff, (born 1969), British teacher and rower
Tom Longstaff, (1875–1964 ),  English doctor, explorer and mountaineer
Captain Will Longstaff (1879–1953), Australian painter and war artist

Other uses
 Longstaff Peaks, Antarctica
 various weapons including the Gun used in Chinese martial arts

See also

 Langstaff (disambiguation)


The Knickerbocker Greys is a youth cadet corps located in Manhattan. Founded in 1881, it is the oldest after school activity in the United States.

History

The Knickerbocker Greys was founded by Mrs. Augusta Lawler Stacey Curtis, the wife of Dr. Edward Curtis, a noted New York City physician who served on the staff of the Surgeon General of the Union Army, and assisted in the autopsy on the body of President Abraham Lincoln. She started the corps as a way to keep her boys busy after school. At the time, there were no after-school activities or organized sports.

With a group of mothers, Mrs. Curtis asked Lieutenant Adolph W. Callison of the 22nd Regiment to be a Drill Master, and found a location at the 12th Regiment New York National Guard Armory. They chose a uniform similar to that of an English organization, consisting of a gray jacket, knickerbockers, and round cap, which were all trimmed with black braid. The group's name was derived from the common nickname for early Dutch settlers of New York who wore knee-length pants known as knickerbockers. This style was adopted as the original uniform. See "knickerbockers”, and the color of the dress uniform, “Cadet Grey”.

In the winter 1886-1887 the 12th Regiment moved into their new armory, so the Greys obtained permission to drill in the armory of the 71st Regiment then at Broadway and 35th Street. They followed the Regiment first to Broadway and 45th Street and later to their armory at Park Avenue and 34th Street. During the construction of this armory on Park Avenue, the Greys used various halls about the city for one season. In 1902 the 71st Regiment Armory burned down and the Knickerbocker Greys were invited to drill in the 7th Regiment Armory (now known as the Park Avenue Armory) at Park Avenue and East 67th Street through the courtesy of Colonel Daniel Appleton.

Over the years, many of New York's prominent families enrolled their sons in the Greys. Originally an all-male organization, the Greys first accepted girls in 1986.

Notable former cadets
John Lindsay, Congressman and Mayor of New York City
Nelson Rockefeller, Vice President of the United States, Governor of New York
Hugh D. Auchincloss, stockbroker and lawyer
Cortlandt F. Bishop, aviator, balloonist, autoist, book collector, and traveler
William Sloane Coffin Sr., businessman
Henry Sloane Coffin president of the Union Theological Seminary, Moderator of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America
William Bayard Cutting Jr., diplomat.
Douglas Fairbanks Jr., actor
Robert W. Goelet, financier and real estate developer in New York City
Hallett Johnson, diplomat and ambassador to Costa Rica
Austen Fox Riggs, psychiatrist and pioneering researcher in stress response
Edmund Maurice Burke Roche, British Conservative Party politician
John D Rockefeller III, philanthropist
Cornelius Vanderbilt III, inventor and engineer

The Knickerbocker Greys today
The program is open to boys and girls ages 7 to 16, and meet on Tuesday afternoons from 4:45 - 6pm during the school year. The Greys meet at the Park Avenue Armory at East 67th Street, where they learn traditional marching, practice color guards, practice public speaking and learn about history.

Other activities include field trips to NY Historical Society, historical sites, community events, Veterans events and CPR lessons. As cadets master new skills, they pass on their knowledge to the younger cadets. The Greys appear in public events in New York, performing color guards for historical and civic events, marching in the Veteran's Day and Flag Day Parades, taking part in George Washington's Inauguration reenactment, and wreath laying at The Soldier's and Sailor's Monument on Memorial Day. The Greys is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization and offers financial assistance to families in need.

In March 2022, the Armory moved to evict the Greys from their lifelong home in the 800 square foot space they use there. If the state of New York, which owns the Armory, does not give the Greys a direct lease, they will be left homeless.

References

External links
Knickerbocker Greys website
Manhattan's Littlest Soldiers New York Times article
What's a Knickerbocker? NBA New York Knicks - What is a Knickerbocker

Youth organizations based in New York City
Organizations established in 1881
1881 establishments in New York (state)


Robert Richardson Bowie (August 24, 1909 – November 2, 2013) was an American diplomat and scholar.

Bowie graduated from Princeton University in 1931 and received a law degree from Harvard University in 1934 and turned down offers to work as a corporate lawyer with New York's major law firms, returning to Baltimore to work in his father's law firm, Bowie and Burke.  He served in the U.S. Army (1942–1946) as a commissioned officer with the Pentagon and in occupied Germany from 1945 until 1946. In 1946 he resigned as a lieutenant-colonel. He taught at Harvard from 1946-1955.  The youngest professor of the school, he was a trusted confidant to John J. McCloy, the "unofficial chairman of the American establishment." During periods of leave from Harvard between 1950 and 1952 Bowie worked for McCloy as one of his legal advisers in West Germany.

He served as Director of Policy Planning from 1953–1957; co-founder, with Henry Kissinger, of Harvard's Center for International Affairs (1958); Counselor for the State Department from 1966-1968.  He was a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Trilateral Commission, the American Law Institute, and the American Academy of Diplomacy. He is a recipient of the Legion of Merit and the Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.

He served as CIA chief National Intelligence Officer from 1977-1979.

He died at the age of 104 in November 2013.

Books
 Waging Peace: How Eisenhower Shaped an Enduring Cold War Strategy, by Robert R. Bowie and Richard H. Immerman, Oxford UP, 1998, . Endnotes
 Suez, 1956,  Oxford UP
 Shaping the Future: Foreign Policy in an Age of Transition, Columbia UP

References

External links
 Bio from the Eisenhower Memorial Commission
 Harvard Weatherhead Center for International Affairs
 100th Birthday Celebration

1909 births
2013 deaths
Princeton University alumni
International relations scholars
People of the Central Intelligence Agency
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
American centenarians
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Directors of Policy Planning
Harvard Law School alumni
Harvard University faculty
Men centenarians
Diplomats from Baltimore
Educators from Baltimore
Bowie family


Dan Franklin Morse is an archaeologist specializing in the prehistory of the midwestern United States and the central Mississippi Valley, research summarized in a number of books, monographs, and technical articles. He is best known for his 1983 synthesis of the "Archaeology of the Central Mississippi Valley" with Phyllis A. Morse, and for his 1997 volume issued by the Smithsonian Institution Press on "Sloan: A Paleoindian Dalton Cemetery in Arkansas." The Sloan site is the location of the oldest marked cemetery found to date in the Americas. He conducted excavations on a great many other significant archaeological sites during his career, including at Brand, Cahokia, Nodena, Parkin, and Zebree. Morse retired from his posts as Survey Archeologist for the Arkansas Archaeological Survey and as Professor of Anthropology at the University of Arkansas in 1997, after 30 years of service, but continues to work on publications and interact with students and colleagues on sites.

Biography
Dan F. Morse was born on March 10, 1935, in Wheeling, West Virginia. He attended Beloit College, a campus is known for its prehistoric Native American mounds. His medical doctor father, Dan Morse, as a vocational archaeologist and forensic anthropologist, and encouraged his son by taking him on digs and exposing him to scientific rigor and professional archaeologists. There was never any doubt in Dan's mind on his chosen career path. The early experiences gave Morse the ability to conform to the processual archaeology of the 1960s and after.  He met his wife to be, Phyllis Anderson (Morse), on the Etowah site in 1958, both having been recruited by Dr James B. Griffin, their mentor at the University of Michigan  where they were both conducting graduate studies. As a married couple the Morses are unusual in the field of archaeology, writing and publishing many papers together. They have worked on many projects, often with their three sons in the field, in many parts of the southeastern US. Morse has a reputation as a great excavator, with an ability to distinguish minute variations in soil deposits based on subtle differences in texture ('feel') and color. Morse was drafted into Military Service in 1962, working in the U.S. Army Counterintelligence Corps. The next few years saw Morse employed at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, Idaho State University, University of Tennessee, and Indiana University. He was a research assistant at the University of Michigan while completing his PhD (1967). In 1967 he took a post with the then-newly formed Arkansas Archeological Survey, stationed at Arkansas State University in Jonesboro, in the northeast portion of the stat. Morse split his time between teaching and as a Survey Archaeologist. He was charged with finding, mapping, and excavating sites and disseminating the results of this activity.  Morse spent 31 years investigating and documenting archaeological resources in northeast Arkansas and the Central Mississippi Valley. Significant Paleo-Indian era Dalton finds were excavated at the Brand and Sloan sites, and in the mid-1970s Morse directed archaeological salvage excavations of the early Mississippian Zebree site. He and his wife Phyllis conducted work on sites in northeast Arkansas associated with the De Soto's Expedition, which spent significant time in the region in the early 1540s. In 1983 he and Phyllis published a major synthesis volume The Archaeology of the Central Mississippi Valley. The Sloan report was published in 1997 and as Morse explains “our procrastination was unfortunate but actually many of the needed analyses were not possible until 20 years after the excavation”. Morse retired in 1997, although he has remained active in archaeology since, working on a number of archaeological projects in North Carolina and elsewhere.

Key sites

Nodena phase: A group of 60 or so archaeological sites that gives its name to a late prehistoric early historic period phase in the central Mississippi Valley located within the Mississippi River Counties of northeast Arkansas. The Upper Nodena site was a principal town of the culture, and was characterized by an ordered arrangement of structures around a mound and plaza. Research was started in the 1940s by Phillips, Ford and Griffin (1951) and a field school was conducted at the site by Dan Morse in 1973.
Pinson Mounds: Located in Tennessee, the site is the largest Middle Woodland period mound group in the United States, and dates to about 1-400 A.D.  In 1963 Morse undertook the first extensive professional excavations at the site.
Sloan: A Paleo-Indian Dalton Cemetery in Arkansas, the earliest recognized cemetery in the New World, dating to ca 12,000 years ago. A final report on the excavations was published in 1997. Dalton culture is typified by the use of a projectile point type that was similar but different to the earlier Clovis culture.
Zebree: A multi-disciplinary ‘salvage’ operation in Arkansas of an early Mississippian site before it was destroyed in 1976. Excavation took place between 1968 and 1976 against a strict timetable and with limited resources. Dan F. Morse was the Project Director.

Influences and legacy

The esteem in which Dan and his wife Phyllis are held is represented best by the collection of essays published for their retirement.

The contributors wanted to honor their contribution to Arkansas archaeology. Mary Kwas, in the first chapter, chronicles their careers and includes statements of personal and professional testament that leaves no doubt of the breadth and depth of their work.

Dan was the major professor overseeing the MA research of three students at the University of Arkansas, each of whom subsequently went on to have productive careers in southeastern archaeology, David G. Anderson, J. Christopher Gillam, and Albert Goodyear.

In 2005, Dan and Phyllis Morse received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Southeastern Archaeological Conference.
Additionally, on retirement, the Quapaw tribe presented the Morses with colorful tribal blankets in honor of the sensitive work that had been undertaken on their ancestors’ burial mounds.
Dan F Morse has served on a number of MA and PhD committees at several institutions.

Mary Kwas notes that his early experience prepared Dan to work with enthusiasts and amateur archaeologists of the Arkansas Archaeological Society.

Selected publications
 Morse, Dan, George Schoenbeck, and Dan F. Morse 1953 Fielder Site.  Journal of Illinois State Archaeological Society 3:35-46.
 Morse Dan F., and Phyllis A Morse 1960 A Preliminary Report on 9-GO-507: the Williams Site, Gordon County, Georgia. Florida Anthropologist 13:81-99
 Griffin, James B., and Dan F Morse1961 The Short-nosed God from the Emmons site, Illinois American Antiquity 26: 560-563
 Morse, Dan F., Phyllis A Morse, and John Waggoner, Jr. 1964 Fluted Points from Smith County Tennessee. Tennessee Archaeologist 20: 16-33
 Morse, Dan F. 1964 The Brake Site: a Possible early 19th century Log Cabin in Stewart County, Tennessee.  Florida Anthropologist 17:165-176.
 Morse, Dan F., and Samuel D. Smith 1973 The Hazel Site: Archeological Salvage During the Construction of Route 308. Arkansas Archeologist 14: 36-77
 Morse Dan F., 1986 Preliminary Investigation of the Pinson Mounds Site: 1963 Field Season. In Pinson Mounds: a Middle Woodland Ceremonial Center; Appendix 3 by Robert C. Mainfort Jr. Tennessee Department of Conservation, Division of Archaeology, Research Series No.7
 Morse, Dan F. 1990 The Spanish Exploration of Arkansas.  In Columbian Consequences, edited by David Hurst Thomas, pp. 197–210.  Smithsonian Press
 Morse Dan F. and Russell Graham 1991 Searching for Palaolama. In Field Notes, Newsletter of the Arkansas Archaeological Society 239: 10-12
 Morse Dan F., 1991 On the Possible Origin of the Quapaw in Northeast Arkansas. In Arkansas before the Americans edited by Hester A Davis, pp40–54 Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series No. 40
 Morse, Dan F. 1992 The Seventeenth Century Michigamea Village Location in Arkansas, in Calumet and Fleur-de-Lys, edited by John Walthall and Thomas Emerson.  Smithsonian Institution Press.
 Morse Dan F., Phyllis A. Morse, Paul and Hazel Delcourt 1993 History, Evolution and Organization of Vegetation and Human Culture, Chapter Two in Biotic Communities of the Southeastern United States, edited by William H. Martin, Stephen G. Boyce and Arthur C. Ecternacht. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
 Morse Dan F., David G. Anderson and Albert C. Goodyear 1996 The Pleistocene-Holocene Transition in the Eastern United States. In Humans at the End of the Ice Age: The Archaeology of the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition, editors Lawrence G. Straus, Berit V. Eriksen, Jon M. Erlenadson and David R. Yesner, Chapter 16, pp319–338. Plenum Press, New York

See also
 Etowah Indian Mounds
 Nodena site
 Pinson Mounds

References

External links
 Arkansas Archaeological Survey
 Sloan Site: Arkansas Archaeology Survey

Beloit College alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Idaho State University faculty
University of Tennessee faculty
Indiana University faculty
Arkansas State University faculty
Living people
1935 births


The 1968 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1968.

The NCAA recognizes six selectors as "official" for the 1968 season.  They are (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the Central Press Association (CP), (4) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (5) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and (6) the United Press International (UPI). Four of the six teams (AP, UPI, NEA, and FWAA) were selected by polling of sports writers and/or broadcasters. The Central Press team was selected with input from the captains of the major college teams.  The AFCA team was based on a poll of coaches.  Other notable selectors, though not recognized by the NCAA as official, included Football News, a national weekly football publication, Time magazine, The Sporting News (TSN), and the Walter Camp Football Foundation (WC).

No single team dominated the All-America selections in 1968 with Ohio State and Notre Dame both having three first-team players.

Offensive selections

Ends

 Ted Kwalick, Penn State (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA [tight end], AP-1 [tight end], CP-1, FWAA, NEA-1 [tight end], UPI-1, Time, TSN, WC)
 Jerry Levias, SMU (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA [flanker], AP-2, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-1 [split end], UPI-2, FN [flanker], WC, WC)
 Ron Sellers, Florida State (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA [split end], AP-1 [split end], CP-2, NEA-2, UPI-2, FN, Time, TSN)
 Jim Seymour, Notre Dame (AFCA [split end], AP-2, CP-2, UPI-1, FN, TSN, WC)
 Steve Zabel, Oklahoma (NEA-2 [tight end])
 Gene Washington, Stanford (AP-3, CP-3)
 Eddie Hinton, Oklahoma (AP-3)

Tackles

 George Kunz, Notre Dame (AFCA, AP-2, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Dave Foley, Ohio State  (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, WC)
 Rufus Mayes, Ohio State (AP-2, CP-2, NEA-2, UPI-2, Time, TSN)
 Malcolm Snider, Stanford (NEA-2)
 Ken Carmon, Ohio  (AP-3, CP-3)
 Greg Shelly, Virginia (AP-3)
 Jim Anderson, Missouri (CP-3)

Guards

 Charles Rosenfelder, Tennessee (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, WC)
 Jim Barnes, Arkansas (AP-1, CP-1, NEA-2, UPI-2)
 Mike Montler, Colorado (AFCA, AP-1 [tackle], CP-2 [tackle], UPI-2 [tackle])
 Guy Dennis, Florida (CP-2, NEA-2, UPI-1, FN, WC)
 John Shinners, Xavier (NEA-1, Time, TSN)
 Joe Armstrong, Nebraska (AP-2, CP-2, FWAA)
 Malcolm Snider, Stanford (TSN)
 Don King, Texas Tech (AP-2, CP-3)
 Ken Mendenhall, Oklahoma (UPI-2)
 Gary Roberts, Purdue (AP-3)
 Alvin Samples, Alabama (AP-3)
 John Miller, Lehigh (CP-3)

Centers

 John Didion, Oregon State (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Carey Matts, North Carolina State (AP-2)
 Jon Kolb, Oklahoma State (AP-3, CP-2, NEA-2, UPI-2)
 Jerry Murphy, Brown (CP-3)

Quarterbacks

 Terry Hanratty, Notre Dame (AFCA [tie], AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-2, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Bobby Douglass, Kansas (AFCA [tie], AP-2, NEA-1, UPI-2)
 Greg Cook, Cincinnati (CP-2)
 Steve Sogge, USC (AP-3)
 Brian Dowling, Yale (CP-3)

Running backs

 O. J. Simpson, USC  (College and Pro Football Halls of Fame)(AFCA [halfback], AP-1, CP-1 [halfback], FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN [halfback], Time, TSN, WC)
 Leroy Keyes, Purdue (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA [halfback], AP-1, CP-1 [halfback], FWAA, NEA-1 [defensive back], UPI-1, FN [halfback], Time, TSN [cornerback], WC)
 Chris Gilbert, Texas (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA [halfback], AP-1, CP-3, NEA-1 [halfback], UPI-2, FN [halfback])
 Bill Enyart, Oregon State (College Football Hall of Fame) (AP-3, CP-1 [fullback], NEA-2 [fullback], UPI-1, Time, TSN [linebacker])
 Paul Gipson, Houston (AFCA [fullback], AP-2, CP-3, NEA-1 [fullback], Time)
 Ron Johnson, Michigan (College Football Hall of Fame) (AP-2, CP-2, FWAA, NEA-2, UPI-2, FN [halfback])
 Larry Smith, Florida (TSN)
 Steve Owens, Oklahoma (College Football Hall of Fame) (AP-2, CP-2, FN [halfback])
 Mercury Morris, West Texas State (AP-3, CP-3, NEA-2, UPI-2, FN [halfback])
 Charley Jarvis, Army (AP-3)
 Jim Otis, Ohio State (CP-2)

Defensive selections

Defensive ends

 Ted Hendricks, Miami (FL) (College and Pro Football Halls of Fame) (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 John Zook, Kansas (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-2, UPI-1, FN)
 Bob Stein, Minnesota (AP-3, UPI-2, WC)
 Ron Carpenter, North Carolina State (NEA-1)
 Jim Gunn (AP-2)
 Mike Ford, Alabama (AP-2, UPI-2)
 Bill Payne, Georgia (AP-3)

Defensive tackles

 Bill Stanfill, Georgia (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-2 [defensive end], UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Joe Greene, North Texas State (College and Pro Football Halls of Fame) (AP-1, NEA-1, UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Loyd Wainscott, Texas (AP-2, CP-1, FWAA)
 Rolf Krueger, Texas A&M (UPI-2, Time, TSN)
 David Campbell, Auburn (AP-3, NEA-1)
 Mike Reid, Penn State (AP-2, NEA-2)
 Tom Nelson, Arizona (AP-3, NEA-2)
 Art Thoms, Syracuse (UPI-2)

Middle guards

 Ed White, California (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA [defensive tackle], AP-1, CP-1, [guard], FWAA, NEA-1, UPI-2, FN)
 Chuck Kyle, Purdue (AFCA, AP-2, CP-1 [guard], FWAA, UPI-1, WC)
 Ernie Calloway, Texas Southern (NEA-2)
 Carl Crennel, West Virginia (AP-3)

Linebackers

 Dennis Onkotz, Penn State (College Football Hall of Fame) (AP-1, FWAA, UPI-1, FN, WC)
 Steve Kiner, Tennessee (College Football Hall of Fame) (AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, FN)
 Bob Babich, Miami (Ohio) (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA, AP-2, Time, TSN)
 Ron Pritchard, Arizona State (College Football Hall of Fame) (AP-2, NEA-1, UPI-2, Time, TSN)
 Mike Hall, Alabama (AP-2, CP-1, NEA-2, WC)
 Ken Johnson, Army (AFCA, NEA-2)
 Mike Widger, Virginia Tech (AP-1)
 Bill Hobbs, Texas A&M (AP-3, UPI-1)
 Chip Healy, Vanderbilt (CP-1)
 Dale McCullers, Florida State (AP-3, NEA-1)
 Jim Sniadecki, Indiana (UPI-2)
 Ken Criter, Wisconsin (AP-3)

Defensive backs

 Roger Wehrli, Missouri (College and Pro Football Halls of Fame) (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, FWAA, NEA-1 [safety], UPI-1, FN, Time, TSN, WC)
 Jake Scott, Georgia (College Football Hall of Fame) (AFCA, AP-1, UPI-1, NEA-1, WC, FWAA, FN)
 Al Worley, Washington (AFCA, AP-1, CP-1, NEA-2 [safety], UPI-1, FN)
 Mike Battle, USC (FWAA, UPI-1, FN, WC)
 Al Brenner, Michigan State (AFCA, AP-3, CP-3 [offensive end], NEA-1 [safety], UPI-2)
 Tony Kyasky, Syracuse (AP-2, NEA-2 [safety], UPI-2, WC, Time)
 Jim Marsalis, Tennessee State (NEA-2, Time, TSN)
 Tom Maxwell, Texas A&M (Time, TSN)
 Jim Weatherford, Tennessee (AFCA, UPI-2)
 Ted Provost, Ohio State (AP-2)
 Tom Curtis, Michigan (College Football Hall of Fame) (AP-2, UPI-2)
 Bill Kishman, Colorado State (NEA-2)
 Johnny Peacock, Houston (AP-3)
 Jim Livingston, Southern Methodist (AP-3)

Special teams

Kicker

 Kenny Vinyard, Texas Tech (TSN)

Punter

 Steve O'Neal, Texas A&M (TSN)

Key
 Bold – Consensus All-American
 -1 – First-team selection
 -2 – Second-team selection
 -3 – Third-team selection

Official selectors
 AFCA = American Football Coaches Association
 AP = Associated Press
 CP = Central Press Association
 FWAA = Football Writers Association of America
 NEA = Newspaper Enterprise Association
 UPI = United Press International

Unofficial selectors
 FN = The Football News, consisting of the 33 best college football players as selected by the staff and correspondents of The Football News
 Time = Time magazine
 TSN = The Sporting News
 WC = Walter Camp Football Foundation

See also
 1968 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team
 1968 All-Big Eight Conference football team
 1968 All-Big Ten Conference football team
 1968 All-Pacific-8 Conference football team
 1968 All-SEC football team
 1968 All-Southwest Conference football team

References

All-America Team
College Football All-America Teams


Salvia urica is a herbaceous perennial native to the mountains of Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, and Chiapas, Mexico. It is reportedly most common in Guatemala, where it grows in a wide variety of habitats from  elevation, in a mild and moist climate. The specific epithet, urica, means "caterpillar" or "cankerworm", possibly describing the tight whorls of flowers, calyces, and bracts before they open.

Salvia urica grows up to  in height and width, with the stems, leaves, and calyces all covered in long white hairs. Glands on the soft-textured leaves give off a slight pleasant aroma when brushed. The leaves are deltoid and  long, with slightly saw-toothed edges. The rich blue-violet flowers are  long, with 3–6 in each whorl, and held by green calyces. The flower's upper lip is narrow with short hairs, while the lower lip is wider with white markings.

Notes

Plants described in 1939
urica
Flora of Belize
Flora of Guatemala
Flora of Honduras
Flora of Mexico


Catt Sadler (born August 24, 1974) is an entertainment reporter who is best known for her work in E! News, E! News Weekend and Daily Pop. She previously co-hosted the network's The Daily 10 before its cancellation.

Early life
Sadler was born in Martinsville, Indiana.

Career
Before finishing college, Sadler was hired by WXIN, the Fox affiliate in Indianapolis to host the weekly segment "Youth Matters". She then hosted a short lived house music dance show called "The Groove" on WXIN.  After working in local news for about a year, she moved to California to advance her career.

After appearing as an extra in a few VH1 spoofs in Hollywood, Sadler got her first broadcasting job as an entertainment reporter in San Francisco in 1997 at KBWB/KNTV in San Jose, California, for their entertainment news segments. For four years she hosted a nightly lifestyle segment called "The Bay Beat" and traveled frequently to Los Angeles and New York to conduct celebrity interviews.

In 2001, she moved back to Indiana where she returned to WXIN to co-anchor the station's morning newscast. She also hosted the Hoosier Lottery's Hoosier Millionaire show, which became the longest-running syndicated lottery game show in the country. During this time, she also served as the official emcee for the NBA's Indiana Pacers for the 2003–04 season. In 2005, Sadler gave birth to her second son. Sadler and her family returned to Los Angeles in 2006 when she was named host of The Daily 10 on E! alongside Sal Masekela and Debbie Matenopoulos.

Sadler continued acting in L.A. She played herself in Judd Apatow's Knocked Up, and appeared on General Hospital and Night Shift. She also starred in the Red Jumpsuit Apparatus music video, "You Better Pray", playing the dancing librarian.

In 2010, Sadler joined the extended hour-long E! News with Ryan Seacrest and Giuliana Rancic. She also serves as host of several E! Live from the Red Carpet events, covering the Academy Awards, Golden Globes, Emmys, and more.

In May 2017, E! News launched a new daytime talk show called Daily Pop, with Sadler as one of three hosts.

In December 2017, Sadler left E! News after learning that her co-host Jason Kennedy was earning "double" her salary.

Catt now owns her own production company, Love Bug Entertainment. She hosts the popular weekly podcast "It Sure is a Beautiful Day" in association with Dear Media. Guests have included Scarlett Johansson, Katie Couric, Molly Shannon, Rebecca Minkoff and many other notable women.

Catt also regularly hosts the Vanity Fair Oscars Red Carpet Show. She held this position in 2018,2019, 2020 and 2022.

Charity work
Sadler is the international spokesperson for the Women Like Us Foundation, an organization her mother co-created after writing a book of the same name. In 2010, Sadler founded a local chapter – Women Like Us Hollywood.

Personal life
Sadler married her college sweetheart, fashion executive Kyle Boyd, in 2001. They have two sons, Austin (2001) and Arion (2005).

Sadler met Brett Jacobson over Memorial Day 2009 at the Indianapolis 500. Five months later in October, they were engaged; but one week later ended their engagement but continued dating.

Sadler began dating British film producer Rhys David Thomas after meeting at a charity event in Los Angeles in May 2010. She and Thomas married on October 23, 2011 in a private ceremony at the Palazzo Hotel in Las Vegas. In March 2016, Sadler filed for divorce from Thomas.

On July 13, 2021, Catt Sadler stated she was fully vaccinated, but she was experiencing intense symptoms after a breakthrough infection of contracting the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant.

References

External links

Living people
American television talk show hosts
Television anchors from Indianapolis
Indiana University alumni
1974 births
People from Martinsville, Indiana
Entertainment journalists
American women podcasters
American podcasters
21st-century American journalists
21st-century American women


The Old Southeast Church is located at the end of a short dirt road leading from NY 22 in the Town of Southeast, New York, United States, a few miles north of the village of Brewster. It is a wooden building formerly used by a Presbyterian congregation. Built in the late 18th century and later modified following a fire, it is the oldest house of worship in Putnam County. Today many of its materials are intact but it is the subject of ongoing preservation efforts.

It and a small one-room schoolhouse nearby are the few remaining buildings from the former hamlet of Doanesburgh, once the commercial center of eastern Putnam County. In 1972 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the first property in the county to be so listed. It is currently owned by the Landmarks Preservation Society of Southeast and is used occasionally as a cultural center.

Building
The church is a two-story, three-by-four-bay building sided in white clapboard. It is regularly fenestrated with 12-over-12 double-hung sash windows in all bays. The gabled roof has a projecting steeple on the west end, right over the main entrance.

That entrance leads to a vestibule and then inside to the sanctuary. It features wainscoting beneath the chair rail as well as paneling on the gallery parapet, and painted and grained pews. The gallery and ceiling are supported by Doric columns, and the original 19th-century light fixtures.

History

The first church in the area was built of logs in the late 1730s. In 1761, a small frame meeting house was built to strict standards for such buildings, measuring  with the entrance south of the pulpit. Three decades later, in 1793, the congregation decided to expand again and was authorized to use as much or as little of the meetinghouse as necessary to build a newer building. It was completed the following year.

In 1830 the building was severely damaged in a fire. When it was rebuilt, a number of alterations were made to both interior and exterior. The entrance was moved to its present location, the belfry built and the balcony reoriented. Two brick chimneys were also dismantled and can be seen only from the inside.

At the time it was built, the church was in the middle of the hamlet of Doanesburgh, then the commercial center of eastern Putnam County. In the mid-19th century, the New York and Harlem Railroad was built, connecting the region more directly to New York City. It chose a route that bypassed Doanesburgh for the Great Swamp, passing through Brewster, currently still in use as far north as Wassaic by Metro-North's Harlem Line. Brewster prospered and grew while Doanesburgh diminished, and the church and school are among the few remnants today.

References

Closed churches in New York (state)
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Churches completed in 1794
18th-century Presbyterian church buildings in the United States
Former Presbyterian churches in New York (state)
Churches in Putnam County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Putnam County, New York
1794 establishments in New York (state)


Wei Guanzhi (韋貫之) (760 – November 13, 821), né Wei Chun (韋純), courtesy name Guanzhi (貫之) or Zhengli (正理), was a Chinese politician and writer. He served as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xianzong.

Background
Wei Chun was born in 760, during the reign of Emperor Suzong.  His family claimed ancestry from the Northern Zhou official Wei Xiong (韋敻), through Wei Xiong's son, the Sui Dynasty general Wei Shikang (韋世康). Wei Chun's grandfather Wei Xiyuan (韋希元) served as a county sheriff, while his father Wei Zhao (韋肇) reached the position of deputy minister of civil service affairs. He had one older brother, Wei Shou (韋綬), and at least one younger brother, Wei Xun (韋纁).

During Emperor Dezong's reign
Wei Chun passed the imperial examinations when he was young, and early in the Zhenyuan era (785-805) of Emperor Suzong's grandson Emperor Dezong, he further passed a special examination for those considered talented and good-charactered, and thereafter was made Xiaoshu Lang (校書郎), a copyeditor at the Palace Library. After his term of service was over at the archival bureau, he was made the secretary general of Chang'an County, one of the two counties making up the Tang capital Chang'an.

Near the end of Emperor Dezong's reign, the mayor of Jingzhao Municipality (京兆, i.e., the Chang'an region), Li Shi (李實), was very powerful, and whatever he recommended to Emperor Dezong would be done within several days. When someone recommended Wei to Li, Li responded, "I have often heard of his talent, and he lives near me. I often wanted to meet him, and if I get a chance to, I will recommend him to the emperor."  The person who recommended Wei to Li relayed this to Wei, but Wei, while not declining explicitly, never went to meet Li over a course of several years, and thus was not promoted during that time.

During Emperor Xianzong's reign

Before chancellorship
Emperor Dezong died in 805, and was succeeded by his severely ill son Emperor Shunzong who, in turn, after reigning only a few months, passed the throne to his own son Emperor Xianzong.  As Emperor Xianzong was named Li Chun, Wei Chun no longer used his original name and used his courtesy name of Guanzhi instead, to observe naming taboo.  Shortly after Emperor Xianzong became emperor, Wei Guanzhi was made an imperial censor with the title of Jiancha Yushi (監察御史). He submitted a petition asking that the position be given to his brother Wei Xun instead. As a result, he was made You Bujue (右補闕), a consultant at the legislative bureau of government (中書省, Zhongshu Sheng), while Wei Xun was made Jiancha Yushi. In 806, when Du Congyu (杜從郁), the son of the chancellor Du You, was set to be made Zuo Bujue (左補闕), a consultant at the examination bureau, Wei Guanzhi and Cui Qun suggested that this was improper. Initially, Du Congyu's title was reduced to Zuo Shiyi (左拾遺), a lower rank, but still a consultant at the examination bureau, Wei and Cui further clarified their rationale — that the consultants were there to suggest to the emperor corrections to make when the chancellors' governance were not proper, and they believed it improper for Du Congyu to be effectively casting judgment on his father's governance. Du Congyu thus was instead made the secretary general of the archival bureau.

At a later point, he and Zhang Hongjing were in charge of a special imperial examination on strategies, and it was said that of the 18 people they selected as the high scores, most were later well known for their writing. Wei later served as Lǐbu Yuanwailang (禮部員外郎), a low-level official at the ministry of rites (禮部, Lǐbu). While he was serving there, there was an occasion when the deputy director of palace supplies, Jin Zhongyi (金忠義), who was from Silla and who had apparently previously been a merchant, requested that his two sons be made officials. Wei refused, pointing out that sons of merchants and laborers, pursuant to regulation, would not be made officials. Jin lobbied a number of powerful officials, but Wei insisted and directly reported this matter to the emperor, and Jin's sons were not given offices. Wei was thereafter made Lìbu Yuanwailang (吏部員外郎), a low-level official at the ministry of civil service affairs (吏部, Lìbu, note different tone than the ministry of rites).

In 808, when Emperor Xianzong held a special imperial examination for the examinees to give honest criticism of government, Wei and Yang Yuling (楊於陵) were in charge of the examination, and Wei selected three examinees who gave blunt criticism — Niu Sengru, Huangfu Shi (皇甫湜), and Li Zongmin — for top marks. However, the chancellor Li Jifu were stung by the criticism that they gave and viewed these as personal attacks against him. Li Jifu tearfully complained to Emperor Xianzong that the reviewers of the scores that Wei and Yang gave — the imperial scholars Pei Ji and Wang Ya — had conflicts of interest, as Huangfu was Wang's nephew. As a result of Li Jifu's accusations, Pei, Wang, Yang, and Wei were all demoted, with Wei initially demoted to be the prefect of Guo Prefecture (果州, in modern Nanchong, Sichuan), and then further moved to be the prefect of Ba Prefecture (巴州, in modern Bazhong, Sichuan).  However, Wei was soon summoned back to Chang'an to serve as Duguan Langzhong (都官郎中), a supervisorial official at the ministry of justice (刑部, Xingbu) and put in charge of drafting imperial edicts. The next year, he was made Zhongshu Sheren (中書舍人), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau.  In 811, he participated in a major revision of official salaries that Li Jifu advocated, along with Xu Mengrong (許孟容) and Li Jiang.  Wei was thereafter made the deputy minister of rites (禮部侍郎, Lǐbu Shilang). He served as deputy minister of rites for two years, and the examinees that he selected as top scorers were the ones that he felt to have valued substance over form, and it was said because of his policy, those who tried influence examination results decreased. He was later made Shangshu You Cheng (尚書右丞), one of the secretaries general of the executive bureau (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng).

Chancellorship
In 814, Wei Guanzhi was given the title of Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事), making a chancellor de facto. In 815, while the imperial forces were engaged in a campaign against the warlord Wu Yuanji, who controlled Zhangyi Circuit (彰義, headquartered in modern Zhumadian, Henan), Wei's fellow chancellor Wu Yuanheng, in charge of the campaign, was assassinated. It was believed at the time that Wu Yuanheng's assassins were sent by Wu Yuanji's ally Wang Chengzong the military governor of Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei). In 816, Emperor Xianzong declared a campaign against Wang as well, over Wei's objections that waging two campaigns simultaneously could bring another confluence of revolts like the revolt of Zhu Ci that caused Emperor Dezong to have to flee from the capital, but Emperor Xianzong did not listen to him.  Further, at this time, Emperor Xianzong favored the speaking abilities of a low-level consultant, Zhang Su (張宿), and sent Zhang on a diplomatic mission to meet with another warlord, Li Shidao the military governor of Pinglu Circuit (平盧, headquartered in modern Tai'an, Shandong), and when the chancellor Pei Du sought a more honorable uniform for Zhang than Zhang's rank was entitled to, Wei rejected it, believing that Zhang was wicked, thus drawing Zhang's resentment.  It was further said that Wei was arrogant and did not associate with people that he believed to be of low birth. He was also drawing anger from Emperor Xianzong for his opposition to Emperor Xianzong's campaigns. With Zhang accusing Wei of partisanship, in summer 816, Wei was removed from his chancellor position and made the deputy minister of civil service affairs (吏部侍郎, Lìbu Shilang). In fall 816, he was further demoted out of the capital to serve as the governor (觀察使, Guanchashi) of Hunan Circuit (湖南, headquartered in modern Changsha, Hunan).  His brother Wei Xun was also demoted, while several other officials — Wei Yi (韋顗), Li Zhengci (李正辭), Xue Gonggan (薛公幹), Li Xuan (李宣), Wei Chuhou, and Cui Shao (崔韶) — were accused of being of Wei Guanzhi's associates and demoted out of the capital to serve as prefectural prefects.

After chancellorship
After Wei Guanzhi began his service as the governor of Hunan, there was an occasion, due to the imperial treasury's depletions from the campaigns, Emperor Xianzong commissioned the deputy director of salt and iron monopolies, Cheng Yi, to tour the circuits and collect tax revenues from the circuits. Wherever Cheng went, he persuaded the governors to impose special taxes and submit them, but Wei was unwilling to do so. Instead, Wei only submitted the reserves that the circuit had. He was thereafter given the title of the head of the household of the crown prince Li Heng, but ordered to keep his office at the eastern capital Luoyang.

During Emperor Muzong's reign
In 820, Emperor Xianzong died and was succeeded by Li Heng (as Emperor Muzong). Emperor Muzong made Wei Guanzhi the mayor of Henan Municipality (河南, i.e., the Luoyang region), and then summoned him to Chang'an to serve as the minister of public works (工部尚書, Gongbu Shangshu). However, before Wei could depart Luoyang, he died there in 821, and he was given posthumous honors.

It was said that from the time that Wei was a commoner to the time that he became chancellor, he did not make modifications to his house, and that while he served in important positions for 20 years, no one dared to give him expensive gifts. It was said that he was quiet, and that whenever he met with friends, he would not use flattery to please them. After he died, his household did not have any retained wealth. He also authored a 30-volume collection of his writings.

Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 158.
 New Book of Tang, vol. 169.
 Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 237, 238, 239.

760 births
821 deaths
Chancellors under Emperor Xianzong of Tang
Chinese political writers
Tang dynasty writers


Wei Chun may refer to:

 Wei Guanzhi (760-821), chancellor during Emperor Xianzong's reign
 Wei Chuhou (773-829), chancellor during Emperor Wenzong's reign


Fouad "Hoss" Abiad (born 15 October 1978) is a retired Canadian IFBB professional bodybuilder and owner of Hosstile. Abiad, of Lebanese heritage, began training at the age of 21. He credits his father as his biggest influence.

Contest history

2006
Canadian National Championships - Overall Champion
IFBB Atlantic Pro - Open, 15th

2007
IFBB Montreal Pro - Open, 5th
IFBB Atlantic City - Open, 8th

2008
IFBB Europa Supershow - Open, 3rd
IFBB Houston Pro Invitational - Open, 7th
IFBB Tampa Bay Pro - Open, 5th
IFBB Mr. Olympia - Open, 17th

2011
Arnold Sports Festival|Arnold Classic - Open, 12th
IFBB Flex Pro - Open, 3rd

2012
IFBB Flex Pro - Open, 3rd
Arnold Classic - Open, 11th

2013
Arnold Classic - Open, 10th
IFBB Toronto Pro - Open, 2nd

2014
IFBB Europa Supershow - Open, 2nd

2015
IFBB Europa Supershow - Open, 1st
IFBB Vancouver Pro - Open, 1st
IFBB Tampa Pro - Open, 2nd

2016
IFBB Toronto Pro - Open, 3rd

2017
Arnold Classic - Open, 6th

References

 Contest History

External links
 Fouad Abiad

Canadian bodybuilders
Sportspeople from Windsor, Ontario
1978 births
Living people
Canadian people of Lebanese descent
Sportspeople of Lebanese descent


Golden Tears was Bonnie Pink's eighth studio album released under the Warner Music Japan label on September 21, 2005.

Track listing

Charts

Album

Single

Notes

2005 albums
Bonnie Pink albums
Albums produced by Tore Johansson
Warner Music Japan albums


The Albany Presbyterian Church and Rectory, also known as Whitespires, is a historic church building in Albany, Oregon, United States. It was built in 1891 in the Carpenter Gothic style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1979. Although individually listed in the NRHP, it is located within the  Monteith Historic District.

Whitespires houses a Kimball pipe organ that was installed in 1906.

The building is currently the home of the Whitespires Berean Bible Fellowship, also known as Berean Fundamental Church of Albany.

The present-day United Presbyterian congregation in Albany (affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)) gathers in a 1913 church known as the Stone Church.

References

External links

Images of Whitespires from University of Oregon Library archives
History of the church from Linn County Roots

1891 establishments in Oregon
19th-century Presbyterian church buildings in the United States
Buildings and structures in Albany, Oregon
Carpenter Gothic church buildings in Oregon
Churches completed in 1891
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
Culture of Albany, Oregon
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Oregon
National Register of Historic Places in Linn County, Oregon
Presbyterian churches in Oregon


is Ali Project's 22nd single. This single was released on November 19, 2008 under the Victor Entertainment label.

The single title was used as the opening theme for the anime series Linebarrels of Iron. This single garnered the #9 spot in the Oricon weekly charts and charted for 9 weeks.

This single's catalog number is VTCL-35050.

Track listing

Charts and sales

References

2008 singles
2008 songs
Ali Project songs
Victor Entertainment singles
Anime songs
Song articles with missing songwriters


Mondolfi's four-eyed opossum (Philander mondolfii) is a South American species of opossum found in Colombia and Venezuela, first described in 2006. It inhabits foothills of the Cordillera de Mérida and those on the eastern side of the Cordillera Oriental at elevations from . Populations in the two ranges may represent distinct subspecies. It is named after the Venezuelan biologist Edgardo Mondolfi. It has short woolly fur with a pale cream-colored venter as well as large ears pigmented on only the distal half.

References

Sources

Opossums
Mammals of Colombia
Mammals of Venezuela
Mammals described in 2006


The Siamese tigerfish (Datnioides pulcher), also known as the Siamese tiger perch, is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lobotidae, the tripletails and tiger perches. This fish is endemic to Indochina and is assessed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN.

Taxonomy
The Siamese tigerfish was first formally described as Coius pulcher in 1998 by the Swiss ichthyologist Maurice Kottelat with its type locality given as Bung Borapet in Thailand. Following his description of C. pulcher Kottelat determined that the type species of the genus Coius, Coius cobojius, was a junior synonym of Anabas testudineus so Coius is a junior synonym of Anabas, with Datnioides being the correct name for the tiger perch genus. The Siamese tigerfish and the finescale tiger perch (D. microlepis) were considered to be conspecific as D. microlepis until Kottelat described D. pulcher. The 5th edition of the Fishes of the World classifies this genus as one of two genera in the family Lobotidae, alongside the tripletails in the genus Lobotes, which it places in the order Spariformes.

Etymology
The Siamese tigerfish has the specific name pulcher, meaning "beautiful", a choice Kottelat did not explain but is thought to be an allusion to its barred colour pattern.

Description
The Siamese tigerfish has the toothless palatine and vomer characteristic of the tiger perches, as is the rounded caudal fin is rounded and rounded lobes on the anal and second dorsal fins creating the appearance of having three caudal fins. This species has 4, occasionally 5, wide vertical bars on the orange-brown body. The first bar runs from the nape over the operculum and onto the thorax and around the lower surface of the body, the second starts at the base of the spiny part of the dorsal fin to immediately in front of the origin of the anal fin, the thirds extends from the join of the spint and sift rayed parts of the dorsal in to the soft rayed part of the anal fin and the fourth bar is on the rear part of the caudal peduncle. The area of the back in front of the origin of the dorsal fin is straight. This species has a maximum published standard length of .

Distribution and habitat
The Siamese tigerfish is endemic to Indochina where it is found in the basins of the Mekong and Chao Praya rivers, east to the middle and lower Mekong in Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. It has been extirpated from Thailand. This is a freshwater fish found in the main rivers, tributaries and lakes connected to rivers. It prefers areas with submerged wood and rocks with crevices.

Biology
The Siamese tigerfish is a predatory species, fish and shrimp make up most of its diet.

Conservation
The Siamese tigerfish was targeted by fishers as a food fish in Thailand and Cambodia but was a valued aquarium fish and was mainly fished for export in this trade. This, combined with damming of the watercourses it lives in, has caused drastic declines in its  population. It has been locally extinct in Thailand since the 1990s and only Vietnam, occasionally exports live specimens into the trade. The IUCN assess this species as Critically Endangered. There have been attempts to breed this fish in captivity.

See also
List of brackish aquarium fish species
Brackish-water aquarium

References

Siamese tigerfish
Fish described in 1998
Fish of Thailand
Taxa named by Maurice Kottelat


Daniel Arsenault is an American photographer who specializes in photos of urban settings in Manhattan, New York City.  His most common technique is to take photographs with a film camera and then manipulate the images digitally to make them appear more "gritty."

Arsenault studied art and photography at the San Francisco Art Institute and received a BFA from the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California.

Exhibitions

Group
 The Edward Carter Gallery, Soho NYC (June–August 2001)
 Albers-Roesch Studio, “American Dream Swimming Pool”, Tribeca, New York (September 2002)
 The Viewing Room, Chelsea Art District, New York (October 2002)
 September 11 Memorial Exhibition, Ward - Nasse Gallery, New York (September 2003)
 Untitled group exhibition, Ward - Nasse Gallery, New York - January 2004 -

Personal
 The Ranch Rd. Fine Art Gallery, Salt Lake City (Spring 2000)
 The Denise Robarge Gallery, Palm Springs, California (April 2001)
 The Rio Grande Gallery, Salt Lake City, Utah (March 2002)
 The Jay Hawkins Gallery, Chelsea Art District, New York (July 2002)

References

American photographers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people


Richard Sharpe, , Hon.  (17 February 1954 – 22 March 2020) was a British historian and academic, who was Professor of Diplomatic at the University of Oxford and a fellow of Wadham College, Oxford. His broad interests were the history of medieval England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. He had a special concern with first-hand work on the primary sources of medieval history, including the practices of palaeography, diplomatic and the editorial process, as well as the historical and legal contexts of medieval documents. He was the general editor of the Corpus of British Medieval Library Catalogues, and editor of a forthcoming edition of the charters of King Henry I of England.

Biography

Starpe studied at St Peter's School, York and then took his BA at Trinity College, Cambridge, studying Classics for Part I of the degree and then Anglo Saxon, Norse and Celtic for Part II, where he studied with, amongst others, Simon Keynes, Kathleen Hughes and Michael Lapidge. He graduated with a first in 1977, and published his first book, a history of Raasay the same year. Sharpe stayed in the ASNaC department for his PhD, on Latin-language Irish hagiography, which was the basis for his 1991 Medieval Irish Saints' Lives: an introduction to 'Vitae sanctorum Hiberniae'. From 1981 to 1990, Sharpe was an assistant editor of the Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources.

As the University of Oxford's 2018–2019 Lyell Reader in Bibliography, Sharpe delivered that year's Lyell Lectures on the topic of "Libraries and Books in Medieval England: The Role of Libraries in a Changing Book Economy". He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 2003, and an Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy in 2018. In 2020, he was elected a Corresponding Fellow of the Medieval Academy of America.

Publications

Books as author

References

1954 births
2020 deaths
Fellows of Wadham College, Oxford
British medievalists
English palaeographers
 People educated at St Peter's School, York
Fellows of the British Academy
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Fellows of the Royal Historical Society
Members of the Royal Irish Academy

Surtees Society


The Battle of Estercuel took place on 6 July 975 between the forces of the Kingdom of Viguera, under king Ramiro Garcés, and those of the Caliphate of Córdoba, under the kaid of Zaragoza, al-Tuyibi. The battle, a typical skirmish of the Christian–Muslim frontier, was a victory for the Caliphate. Several leading Navarrese magnates were killed and Ramiro was injured.

The kaid of Zaragoza had been a participant in the campaign of Galib ibn Abd al-Rahman in the spring, but he appears to have left the expedition before the victory at the Battle of San Esteban de Gormaz in 978. The forces of the Kingdom of Pamplona, under Sancho II Garcés Abarca, Ramiro's half-brother, were also engaged at Gormaz, where they were defeated alongside the Castilians under García Fernández. The kaid was on the road to Zaragoza when he encountered a Christian army under Ramiro Garcés. The chief source for the encounter is the Muqtabis of Ibn Hayyan, whose account of these years is derived directly from the so-called Anales palatinos ("palatine annals") of Isa ibn Ahmad-Razi:
. . . upon separating from the army [of Galib] on Tuesday, 22 Sawall [5/6 July], he [al-Tuyibi] ran into the train of the pig Ramiro ibn Sancho, and he followed said train, sending to tell the chief of the advance posts about the mountain Bárdena, on the other side of the river Ebro: "Carefully keep watch for a large troop of cavalry that, at dawn, will cross in the direction of the river". In effect, little time passed before the alarm was given that the enemy had appeared beside the town of Estercuel (a half a day's ride from the city of Tudela, on the royal road that comes up from Zaragoza) and before some Christian cavalry forces had scattered throughout the region, to the right and to the left, in the manner of a raid, and were going about seizing whatever booty they encountered and taking captive five men who were out fishing in those valleys.

The disorderly Christians crossed the river Ebro at a ford and soon had lost four men and one captured. From the captive the kaid learned that the Christian army numbered some 500 cavalrymen who had marched from Sos, Ramiro's chief castle, thinking that the governor of Zaragoza was away in Gormaz. Surprised by the Muslim presence, Ramiro made for the Christian castle of al-Qastil, harassed by the Muslims all the way. According to Ibn Hayyan, the Muslims pursued the Christians until the asr, the afternoon prayer. Probably this chase took place over the semiarid Bardenas mountains, terminating in the wooded valley of the river Aragón, in the region of Carcastillo, Murillo el Fruto, and Santacara. The site of Estercuel was to the southeast of Tudela, today uninhabited.

Although Ramiro made it to safety, thirty-three of his men were killed, among them Fortún Mahunis, Fortún López, Jimeno Fortún, and the adalides (captains) Íñigo Velázquez, Íñigo Galíndez, and García ibn Salit. Another forty-seven were captured and, among Ramiro's baggage, were found a silver-plated horn for calling the troops and a banner.

Ramiro's younger brother, Jimeno, appears as a hostage at the court of al-Hakam II in Córdoba later in 975. It has been speculated that he may have been exchanged for the liberty of Sancho II, who may have participated in and been captured at the battle of Estercuel.

References

975
Estercuel
10th century in al-Andalus
Estercuel
10th century in Navarre
Estercuel
Estercuel


Ernstichthys anduzei is a species of banjo catfish endemic to the Orinoco River basin of Venezuela.  It grows to a length of 3.5 cm.

References

Aspredinidae
Fish of Venezuela
Taxa named by Augustín Fernández-Yépez
Fish described in 1953


Ernstichthys intonsus is a species of banjo catfish that is endemic to Ecuador where it is found in the Napo River basin. This fish grows to a length of .

References

Aspredinidae
Freshwater fish of Ecuador
Fish described in 1985


Ernstichthys megistus is a species of banjo catfish found in Ecuador and Peru where it occurs in the Bobonaza and Marañon River basins. It grows to a length of .

References

External links

Aspredinidae
Freshwater fish of Ecuador
Freshwater fish of Peru
Fish described in 1961


The Essential John Fahey is a compilation album by American fingerstyle guitarist and composer John Fahey, released in 1974.

History
The original 1974 double-LP release included all songs from both Fahey's Vanguard albums—the only two albums Fahey recorded for the label. The CD reissue in 1993 of The Essential John Fahey contains all the tracks from The Yellow Princess and four from Requia, missing only the four-part "Requiem for Molly".

Reception

In his Allmusic review, critic Mark Allan describes the album as "Essential John Fahey is not essential, but because it features this extraordinary musician solo and with a band — members of Spirit and Jo Jo Gunne — it could be a good place to start."

Writing for Dirty Linen magazine, Ivan Emke, in referring to the original albums wrote "Although they did not sell well at the time, they show Fahey well ahead of his time, and in good form. This is clearly experimental folk. Or the early use of sampling (from 1967, remember) during the four-part "Requiem for Molly." However, there was also the more standard fingerpicking, including the brilliant "Requiem for John Hurt." These CDs will help to remind us all of those paths that Fahey cleared.

In a review of the original LP release of The Essential John Fahey in the July 3, 1974 Milwaukee Journal, Pierre-Rene Noth praised the release but referred to "Requiem for Molly" as "[Fahey's] worst.. a horrid mix."

Track listing
All songs by John Fahey.

Side one
 "The Yellow Princess" – 4:49
 "View (East from the Top of the Riggs Road/B&O Trestle)" – 4:54
 "Lion" – 5:08
 "March! For Martin Luther King" – 3:40
 "The Singing Bridge of Memphis, Tennessee" – 2:49

Side two
 "Dances of the Inhabitants of the Invisible City of Bladensburg" – 4:07
 "Charles A. Lee: In Memoriam" – 3:58
 "Irish Setter" – 7:14
 "Commemorative Transfiguration and Communion at Magruder Park" – 5:59

Side three
 "Requiem for John Hurt" – 5:05
 "Requiem for Russell Blaine Cooper" – 8:51
 "When the Catfish Is in Bloom" – 7:37

Side four
 "Requiem for Molly, Part 1" – 7:35
 "Requiem for Molly, Part 2" – 7:41
 "Requiem for Molly, Part 3" – 2:28
 "Requiem for Molly, Part 4" – 2:55
 "Fight on Christians, Fight On" – 1:55

Reissue track listing (1993)
 "The Yellow Princess" – 4:51
 "View (East from the Top of the Riggs Road/B&O Trestle)" – 4:57
 "Lion" – 5:10
 "March! For Martin Luther King" – 3:43
 "The Singing Bridge of Memphis, Tennessee" – 2:51
 "Dances of the Inhabitants of the Invisible City of Bladensburg" – 4:10
 "Charles A. Lee: In Memoriam" – 4:01
 "Irish Setter" – 7:18
 "Commemorative Transfiguration and Communion at Magruder Park" – 6:02
 "Requiem for John Hurt" – 5:08
 "Requiem for Russell Blaine Cooper" – 8:55
 "When the Catfish Is in Bloom" – 7:41
 "Fight on Christians, Fight On" – 1:55

Personnel
John Fahey – guitar
Mark Andes – guitar, bass
Matt Andes – guitars
Jay Ferguson – organ, piano, keyboards
Kevin Kelley – drums
Special effects by John Fahey, Sam Charters and Barry Hansen

References

1974 greatest hits albums
John Fahey (musician) compilation albums
albums produced by Samuel Charters


The Marion Forks Guard Station in Willamette National Forest was built in 1935.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

References

Buildings and structures completed in 1935
National Register of Historic Places in Linn County, Oregon
Buildings and structures in Linn County, Oregon
Civilian Conservation Corps in Oregon
1935 establishments in Oregon


Longhai may refer to:

Longhai District, a district in Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
Longhai Campaign, 1946 campaign during Chinese Civil War
Longhai Railway, China's east–west railway artery


Sheikh Azizur Rahman (; 2 January 1917 – 14 May 1998), known as Shawkat Osman (), was a Bangladeshi novelist and short story writer. He won the Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1962, the Ekushey Padak in 1983 and the Independence Day Award in 1997.

Early life and education
Shawkat Osman was born as Sheikh Azizur Rahman on 2 January 1918 to Sheikh Muhammad Yahya and Guljan Begum. He belonged to a Bengali Muslim Sheikh family from the village of Sabalsinghapur in Hooghly, Bengal Presidency (now in West Bengal). He began his education at the local maktab and then enrolled at the Calcutta Alia Madrasa. However, he later transferred to the St. Xavier's College of the University of Calcutta where he received his BA in politics in 1938, and MA in Bengali in 1941.

Career
Osman migrated to Chittagong, East Bengal (present-day Bangladesh) after the partition of Bengal in 1947. He started teaching at Chittagong Commerce College. He then served as a faculty member at Dhaka College during 1959–1972.

Literature
Osman's first prominent novel was Janani, a portrait of the disintegration of a family because of the rural and urban division. In Kritadasher Hashi (Laugh of a Slave), Osman explored the darkness of contemporary politics and reality of dictatorship.

Family
Osman's son Yeafesh Osman is the incumbent Science and Technology minister of Bangladesh.

Awards
 Bangla Academy Literary Award (1962)
 Adamjee Literary Award (1966)
 President Award (1967)
 Ekushey Padak (1983)
 Mahbubullah Foundation Prize (1983)
 Muktadhara Literary Award (1991)
 Independence Day Award (1997)

Literary works

Novels

Short stories

Dramas

Memoires

 Kalratri Khandachitra (1986)
 Swajan Sangram (1986)

Children literature

Translation

Editor

Non-fiction

References

1917 births
1998 deaths
People from Hooghly district
University of Calcutta alumni
St. Xavier's College, Kolkata alumni
Recipients of the Ekushey Padak
Recipients of the Independence Day Award
Academic staff of Dhaka College
Recipients of Bangla Academy Award
Bengali novelists
Bangladeshi male novelists
Novelists from West Bengal
Recipients of the Adamjee Literary Award
Writers from West Bengal


Shinkichi Tajiri (Los Angeles, December 7, 1923 – Baarlo, Netherlands, March 15, 2009) was a Dutch-American sculptor who was born in the US but resided in the Netherlands from 1956 onwards. He was also active in painting, photography and cinematography.

Childhood and education
A Japanese American, Tajiri was born in Watts, a working-class neighborhood of Los Angeles. He was the fifth of seven children born to Ryukichi Tajiri and Fuyo Kikuta, first generation emigrants (issei), who moved from Japan to the United States in 1906 and 1913.

In 1936, the family relocated to San Diego. His father died when he was fifteen.  In 1940, Tajiri received his first lessons in sculpture from Donal Hord.

Life and work
In 1942, following the signing of Executive Order 9066, Tajiri's family was incarcerated at Poston War Relocation Center in Arizona.  Tajiri was a soldier, with the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, like his brother Vincent. They fought in Europe, from 1943 on and he was wounded in Italy. Shinkichi went back to Chicago to study at the Art Institute from 1946 to 1948.

In 1949 he went to Paris to study with Ossip Zadkine and then Fernand Léger. He met Karel Appel and Corneille in Paris and shows at the 1949 COBRA exhibition at the Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam.  In 1951 he went to Germany and taught at the Werkkunstschule Wuppertal.  In 1955 he won a Golden Palm at Cannes, for his first short film, The Vipers, because of his experimental use of the language of film. From 1956 he lived in the Netherlands, since 1962 in Baarlo. He worked as a sculptor and painter. He exhibited at the famous Kassel documenta II, 1959; III, 1964 and IV, 1968. From 1969 Tajiri Shinkichi taught at the Hochschule für Bildende Künste at Berlin. 1969 and 1970 Shinkichi took pictures of every part of the Berlin Wall. In 1970 he went to Denmark and directed the award-winning documentary Bodil Joensen – en sommerdag juli 1970 about Bodil Joensen. In 1975 and 1976 he recreated the Daguerreotype: surreal portraits, nudes and daguerreotypes of the Wall.

Catalogues
 Spiegel mit Erinnerungen, Shiunkichi Tajiris Wiederentdeckung der Daguerreotypie. Exhibition, catalogue, Künstlerhaus Bethanien: Berlin, editor, 1977
 Stereoscopic Views by Tajiri, Exhibition, catalogue, Stedelijk Museum: Amsterdam, editor, 1979

Notes

References
 Jörg Kirchbaum, Lexikon der Fotografen, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer TB, 1981, p. 183.
 Claudia Bulk, "Tajiri, Shinkichi," in: Reinhold Mißelbeck, ed., Prestel- Lexikon der Fotografen: Von den Anfängen 1839 bis zur Gegenwart, Munich: Prestel, 2002, p. 235.

External links
 Official website of Shinkichi Tajiri
 Chicago Japanese American Historical Society
 Pictures of the Berlin Wall, 1969-'70
 Samurai in Space - Shinkichi Tajiri film on Amazon

1923 births
2009 deaths
Dutch sculptors
Dutch male sculptors
American artists of Japanese descent
Dutch people of Japanese descent
Naturalised citizens of the Netherlands
Sculptors from Los Angeles
United States Army personnel of World War II
American military personnel of Japanese descent
Japanese-American internees
20th-century American sculptors
American male sculptors
American emigrants to the Netherlands
20th-century American male artists


Tongcheng may refer to the following places in China:

Tongcheng, Anhui (桐城市), county-level city
Tongcheng County (), Xianning, Hubei
Tongcheng, Linquan County (同城镇), Anhui
Tongcheng, Tianchang (铜城镇), Anhui
Tongcheng, Shanxi (桐城镇), town in Wenxi County
Tongcheng Subdistrict, Fuding (桐城街道), Fujian
Tongcheng Subdistrict, Harbin (通城街道), in Acheng District
Tongcheng Subdistrict, Dong'e County (铜城街道), Shandong


Rising is the eleventh studio album by the American hard rock band Great White, released in 2009. It was recorded in the winter of 2008 with completion in early 2009. Rising was mixed, produced, and engineered by Michael Lardie with all members of the group contributing to the final mix. This is the final album with long-time singer Jack Russell before the split that led to the creation of his own-fronted version of the band.

Track listing
"Situation" (Mark Kendall, Michael Lardie, Jack Russell) – 5:00
"All or Nothin'" (Kendall, Lardie, Russell) – 5:19
"I Don't Mind" (Lardie, Russell) – 5:19
"Shine" (Kendall, Russell) – 5:54
"Loveless" (Lardie, Russell) – 5:39
"Is It Enough" (Kendall, Lardie, Russell) – 4:14
"Last Chance" (Kendall, Lardie, Russell) – 4:11
"Danger Zone" (Kendall, Russell) – 4:37
"Down on the Level" (Audie Desbrow, Kendall, Lardie, Russell) – 4:03
"Only You Can Do" (Kendall, Lardie, Russell) – 5:02
"My Sanctuary" (Kendall, Russell) – 5:36

Bonus tracks
The European and Japanese releases add a Rolling Stones cover as track 12.

"Let's Spend the Night Together" (Jagger/Richards) (European release only)
"Can't You Hear Me Knocking" (Jagger/Richards) (Japanese release only)

Personnel
 Jack Russell – lead and backing vocals
 Mark Kendall – guitar, backing vocals
 Michael Lardie – guitar, keyboards, mandolin, sitar, harmonica, percussion, backing vocals, producer, engineer
 Scott Snyder – bass, backing vocals
 Audie Desbrow – drums

References

2009 albums
Great White albums
Frontiers Records albums
Shrapnel Records albums


Star Wars: Battlefront is a 2004 first and third-person shooter video game based on the Star Wars film franchise. Developed by Pandemic Studios and published by LucasArts, it is the first game in the Star Wars: Battlefront series. It was released on September 21, 2004, for PlayStation 2, Xbox and Microsoft Windows to coincide the release of the Star Wars Trilogy DVD set. It is also available for purchase on both the Xbox 360 and Xbox One through their backwards compatibility features. Aspyr released a Mac OS X port in July 2005, and a cellular phone version, Star Wars Battlefront Mobile, was released November 1, 2005. A sequel, Star Wars: Battlefront II, was released on November 1, 2005, for Windows, Xbox, PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. The game is primarily played as a conquest game, however other modes such as Galactic Conquest bring strategy elements to the title.

Battlefront features several locales from major Star Wars battles, and includes voice acting from veteran voice actors Temuera Morrison, Tom Kane, and Nick Jameson. It received generally favorable reviews from critics, averaging approximately an 80% approval rating across all platforms at aggregate websites GameRankings and Metacritic. Critics praised the multiplayer component and the ability to play a part in major Star Wars battles, however the lacking single player component and poor AI were points of concern. The game moved in excess of 4 million units in sales.

Gameplay

Star Wars: Battlefront encompasses battles between four main factions from both the original and prequel trilogies: the Galactic Republic and the Confederacy of Independent Systems (CIS) from the prequel era, and the Rebel Alliance and Galactic Empire from the original trilogy. In each faction, five different classes of character become available. Four main classes are similar for each faction, infantry, heavy weapons, pilot and sniper, while the fifth is unique. Each faction also has a non-playable hero character that participates in battle for a limited amount of time: Count Dooku (CIS), Mace Windu (Republic), Luke Skywalker (Rebels), and Darth Vader (Empire).

Gameplay in Battlefront is conquest-based. Each faction has a finite amount of reinforcements, and each is given control of a set number of command posts in a given level. The object is to either eliminate enemy forces or capture and hold all command posts simultaneously for 20 seconds. Several ground and air vehicles are available on the battlefield. These range from the hulking AT-AT to the fast speeder bike and vary based on the level. There are more than 25 vehicles in-game. Some larger vehicles also function as mobile command posts, which cannot be captured, but are lost if the vehicle is destroyed. In addition, some maps have indigenous forces. These can be neutral to both factions, such as Jawas, hostile to one faction, such as Wookiees, or hostile to both factions, such as Tusken Raiders. Command posts belonging to hostile natives can also be captured to minimize their presence.

The Microsoft Windows and Macintosh versions of Star Wars: Battlefront can be played online with up to 64 players via local area network (LAN) or over the internet via GameSpy. The Xbox version can accommodate up to 32 players whilst the PlayStation 2 version only supports 16 players ,or it can be played in split screen mode with two players. The PlayStation 2 version utilizes specialized GameSpy servers, while the Xbox utilized Microsoft's Xbox Live network. Xbox online play is no longer available as the original Xbox Live servers were shut down on April 15, 2010.

Single-player modes
While the game is played similarly in every mode, each is a unique scenario which utilizes mode-specific features to further extend gameplay. Three modes are presented to the player: Campaign, which serves as the game's story mode, Galactic Conquest, in which the player must conquer planets, and Instant Action, which allows the player to select the battle they wish to play and adjust settings such as reinforcements to their liking.

Campaign groups several battles together in a set order loosely based on the historical campaign of either the Clone Wars or the Galactic Civil War. As Episode III had not been released at the time, the Clone Wars campaign ends with the Battle of Kashyyyk. Footage from the five films then released are used as cutscenes between battles. The player starts the campaign as either a member of the Separatist army or an Imperial Stormtrooper. Around halfway through the chosen campaign the perspective switches to the Clone Troopers or Rebels. To maintain continuity, missions prior to the battle of Geonosis pit the Separatists against native forces only, and for the first two missions the super battle droid is unavailable, replaced with a standard battle droid.

In Galactic Conquest, the player uses strategy to take control of planets and dominate an area of the galaxy. First the player chooses a map configuration based on conflicts from both eras of Star Wars history. Some maps start both sides evenly while others favor one faction. Next, the player chooses which faction to play as. The game is played in turns, with the player starting first. The player can select an enemy-controlled or neutral planet to attack. After selecting what planet to attack, the player is able to activate a bonus from one of his already owned planets (if any). Each planet provides its own unique bonus, but must be captured before the player can use it. Bonuses help the player in battle by impeding the enemy or assisting the player's team. If one side manages to win four battles (not necessarily in a row), they gain access to their faction's Secret Base bonus. Secret Base bonuses are very powerful and can change the course of a game. They can be used on any enemy planet, except for the enemy's Secret Base. The game is completed when one faction controls all planets on the map.

Instant Action mode allows the players to jump right into a battle of their choice. The player can also customize a list of battles, which then can be played through in the order they have chosen, or in a random order. Players can choose between playing as the Republic, the CIS, the Empire, or the Rebels on each of the maps, except Kamino, Geonosis, Endor and Hoth, which do not allow the player to select their battle era, as these follow their canonical settings. Players can also choose whether or not they would like to have heroes fight for each side.

Development

Development for Star Wars Battlefront began at Pandemic Studios in 2002. Greg Burrod, executive producer on Battlefront stated "We wanted to create an online shooter title for the Xbox, PS2, and PC which would allow for team strategy and would feature battles and worlds from every one of the six Star Wars films." Models and animations for the game were created in Softimage XSI, a 3D development application. Most characters used a common animation set and the minimal number of bones were used due to concerns with hardware limitations at that time. World environments were created with the developer's proprietary editor, ZeroEditor. The terrain-based landscape was formed using the editor's brushes to adjust height, texture application, and color shading. 3D models were then laid on this foundation along with general objective pathing for the artificial intelligence (AI). The AI used two main systems, again to ensure a minimal load on the hardware. A higher, overall objective, such as which command post to head towards, would only be calculated every few seconds per unit. Lower level objectives such as which enemy to fire on or what defensive strategy to take against incoming fire, are calculated continuously.

Some sounds and foley for the game were taken from Star Wars reference material, while others were recorded during a two-day visit to Skywalker Ranch, near Nicasio, California. The game has approximately 1,200 foley sounds that are used to convey the impression of such aspects as interaction with flora and fauna, water, and metals. Actor Temuera Morrison voiced the Clone Troopers, reprising his role from the Attack of the Clones film. Tom Kane voiced the character Admiral Ackbar and Yoda. Nick Jameson voiced Darth Sidious / Emperor Palpatine. Both Kane and Jameson have voiced multiple characters in the Star Wars universe, including the 2008 series Star Wars: The Clone Wars.

LucasArts released an Xbox-exclusive playable demo on the Star Wars Trilogy DVD set. The demo included one level, the Battle of Endor. The game released on September 21, 2004, the same day as the Trilogy DVD set. In late 2004, Pandemic Studios released unsupported mod tools for Microsoft Windows, allowing players to create their own maps, as well as edit the weapons and characters for all sides in the game. This release is not supported by LucasArts. A number of communities now exist solely based around creating maps and characters using these tools, and uploading them for others to download. Aspyr was contracted to port the game to Macintosh systems; it was released on July 18, 2005 for Mac OS X. On November 1, 2005, mobile developer Mikoishi and publisher THQ released Star Wars Battlefront Mobile for cellular phones. After eight years the GameSpy matchmaking servers were shut down on November 7, 2012. A GameSpy representative stated the service agreement between LucasArts and GameSpy had been terminated as LucasArts chose to end support on the title.

The game was made available through GOG and Steam on May 2, 2019 and multiplayer support was announced on May 1, 2020.

Reception

In the United States, Battlefronts computer version sold 290,000 copies and earned $2.6 million by August 2006, after its release in September 2004. It was the country's 65th best-selling computer game between January 2000 and August 2006. Combined sales of all Battlefront computer games released between January 2000 and August 2006 had reached 460,000 units in the United States by the latter date. By July 2006, its PlayStation 2 had sold 1.5 million copies and earned $53 million in the United States. Next Generation ranked it as the 31st highest-selling game launched for the PlayStation 2, Xbox or GameCube between January 2000 and July 2006 in that country. Combined sales of Battlefront console releases reached 3.8 million units in the United States by July 2006. Battlefront ultimately sold 4 million copies by 2007.

Upon its release, Star Wars: Battlefront received generally favorable reviews from the media. It currently holds aggregate scores at Metacritic of 76/100, 82/100, and 80/100 for the PC, PlayStation 2, and Xbox versions, respectively. Fellow aggregate website GameRankings reports similar scores of 78% for the PC, 83% for the PlayStation 2, and 80% for the Xbox version. Review scores varied from a 50% approval rating to a 94% approval across the three platforms.

GameSpot Editor Bob Colayco praised the gameplay in general, which he compared favorably with Battlefield 1942. He gave high marks to the versatility of playing modes, such as vehicle control and foot battle. He also praised the PC version for its extensive online play. Ivan Sulic of IGN praised the graphics, sound, general Star Wars setting, and online mode, but was very critical of both the AI and the single-player mode. "This is a multiplayer-centric third and first-person shooter, [which] means players who opt to stick to single player will have something to do, but won't be thrilled enough to desire extended play." He cited three major issues with the game's single player element: its easy difficulty, its lack of cohesion, and poor AI teammates and enemies. Of the AI, Sulic stated "Everyone is an idiot. The game appears to use a sort of context sensitive AI, meaning bots in the right positions will do stuff (like use turrets and vehicles and lay down cover fire), but those not immediately engaged in combat will idly stand around helping themselves to an endless breather."

GameSpy's Will Tuttle and Sal Accardo also praised the graphics and online mode, but they too criticized the single player campaign. "Historical Campaign [...] gets very confusing because you frequently switch sides from battle to battle", stated Tuttle. He added that it felt like the game's campaign was "tacked on to allow people without PS2 online to have fun." 1UP.com's Andrew Pfister followed suit, also praising the graphics. "Visually, Battlefront is exceptional. Never before have the Star Wars battles been so well recreated and detailed". He criticized the game's AI, however. He felt that it was too easy to defeat them, and that they often did not follow commands issued by the player. As with other reviewers, Pfister felt the single player mode was the weak point of the game, citing the PlayStation 2 version specifically for players without online access. Overall, he felt the problems with the game were outweighed by its qualities. "Battlefront manages to stand tall as a great game that does the best job we've yet seen of playing out the battles of the Star Wars movies."

Computer Games Magazine nominated Battlefront for its 2004 "Best Soundtrack" award, which ultimately went to Battlefield Vietnam.

References

External links

Pandemic Studios page
Electronic Arts page

2004 video games
Aspyr games
Beenox games
First-person shooters
Lua (programming language)-scripted video games
LucasArts games
Mobile games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Multiplayer online games
MacOS games
Pandemic Studios games
PlayStation 2 games
Battlefront 2
Stealth video games
Third-person shooters
Video games developed in the United States
Windows games
Xbox games
THQ Wireless games


Henry I of Ziębice (;  – aft. 8 August 1366), was a titular Duke of Ziębice from 1358 until his death.

He was the second and youngest son of Nicholas the Small, Duke of Ziębice, by his wife Agnes, daughter of Herman Krušina of Lichtenberg.

Life
After his father's early death in 1358, Henry I and his older brother Bolko III succeeded him in the Duchy of Ziębice as co-rulers; however, because they are minor at that time, their mother, the Dowager Duchess Agnes held the regency on their behalf until 1360, when Bolko III assumed the government of the Duchy by himself and take the guardianship of his brother.

In order to avoid further divisions of the already small Duchy of Ziębice, Henry I was destined since his early youth to a Church career. On 17 August 1360 he received from Pope Innocent VI the Canonry of the Chapter of Wroclaw, although is known that he early received the prebendary of the Church of Holy Cross, also in Wroclaw.

According to the "Chronicles of the Polish Dukes" (), Henry I joined to the Teutonic Order and died in Prussia after he left the Order. The exact date of his death is unknown, although was certainly between 1366 and 1370.

References

 Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan
 Genealogy of the Dukes of Ziębice

1350s births
1360s deaths
Piast dynasty