Briarcliff was the mansion and estate of Asa Griggs "Buddy" Candler Jr. (1880–1953), and is now the Briarcliff Campus of Emory University. The estate was built in 1922 on 42 acres on Williams Mill Road, now Briarcliff Road in Druid Hills near Atlanta. Williams Mill Road would be renamed Briarcliff Road in the 1920s after the estate that Asa Jr. would build there. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Asa Jr. was the eccentric son of Asa Griggs Candler, co-founder of Coca-Cola. Candler Jr. helped build his father's business into an empire. He later became a real-estate developer, opening the Briarcliff Hotel at the corner of Ponce de Leon Avenue and N. Highland Ave. in Atlanta's Virginia Highland neighborhood.

Beginnings as Briarcliff Farm
In 1910, Asa Jr. moved from the fashionable Inman Park neighborhood where his father also had a mansion, to a "ramshackle" farmhouse on Briarcliff Farm, . The farm was just north of Callanwolde, his brother Charles' estate. Asa Jr. managed a huge agricultural operation which provided meat and produce to local retailers. Cows, sheep, pigs and chickens were raised on the farm. During World War I, Briarcliff Farm supplied milk to Fort Gordon.

The farm was lauded for its use of electric lights and fans, even individual drinking fountains for the cows, its cleanliness, air and light, resulting in sanitary conditions that led to higher yields and quality.

Construction
Briarcliff was built between 1920 and 1922, and featured a Georgian Revival exterior. Architect Dan Bodin assisted Frazier in overseeing the completion.  In 1925, Candler had the mansion enlarged, including the music room.

Features of the estate
Features of the mansion included:
  music room, now DeOvies Hall, with its three-story-tall vaulted Tudor interior, limestone fireplace and painted walls.
 Entry hall
 Paneled library
 Living room
 Kitchen large enough for commercial restaurant equipment
 Breakfast room
 Dining room
 Second dining room that seats 75 people, paneled with carved ceilings and mouldings and fireplace of carved white European marble, and sterling silver chandeliers and candelabra
 Solarium with high ceilings a fish pond, and two oil murals painted by a friend of Asa at either end of the room. Only one of these remain.
 Additional solarium on the far side of the porte cochere built for the wedding of his daughter where the ceremony took place.
 Seven bedrooms including two masters each with a carved marble fireplace. The second master was used as a sitting room after the addition of the music room in 1925 due to the presence of the balcony  which overlooked the music room.
 Another pond in the back courtyard
 The ballroom, a huge room on the third floor, painted in gold-leaf with access by stairs, and bathroom with three showers, three sinks and three toilets
 Basement including a large walk-in safe
 Red tile roof (which has been replaced with asphalt for the home's protection) and copper gutters

The estate included:
 main house
 servants' quarters
 tennis courts
 stables
 greenhouses
 laundry
 zoo buildings
 golf course
 community pool

Aeolian organ
His father and older brother owned Aeolian organs, and to outdo them, in 1925 Candler had a $94,000, 88-rank, 187-stop, cathedral-sized Aeolian installed in the music room. It was the largest privately owned organ in Georgia at the time, and the 8th largest that Aeolian had ever built for a private residence. It was inaugurated in November 1925 in a recital by family friend Palmer Christian, which was broadcast over radio station WSB. In 1952 the organ was given to Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia. It was renovated in 2008 and is now known as the Goodwyn-Candler-Panoz organ.

Menagerie of exotic animals
Candler collected exotic birds and animals in a menagerie held at his estate with cages designed by architect Bodin. The collection included a Bengal tiger, four lions, a black leopard, a gorilla, baboons, and six elephants: Coca, Cola, Pause, Refreshes, Refreshing and Delicious. In 1935, Candler, in financial trouble, put up his pipe organ for sale. A neighbor sued and won a $10,000 settlement because "a baboon jumped over the wall of the zoo and devoured $60 in currency out of her purse". He gave away his entire menagerie of animals to the Grant Park Zoo, now Zoo Atlanta.

The mansion also included two swimming pools, one open to the public for 25 cents per person. The pool had a neon-lighted fountain that was lit at night. The pool area was landscaped with flowers and shrubs. There was a stand to buy Coca-Cola and snacks.

Sale of estate and later uses
The Candlers sold their estate to the General Services Administration in 1948. The planned veterans' hospital never emerged, and the estate was used to house the Georgian Clinic (later the DeKalb County Addiction Center), which opened in 1953 as the first alcohol treatment facility in Georgia. The clinic kept the pool open for its patients until the late 1950s, then closed it for lack of funds.

From 1965 to 1997, the estate housed the Georgia Mental Health Institute in a multi-story tower surrounded by multiple cottages connected by tunnels.

There are reports of hauntings at the estate.

The complex is now the Briarcliff Campus of Emory University, but the mansion remains empty and in disrepair.

The mansion is a location for the TV show Doom Patrol according to a making-of extra on the season one Blu-ray.

References

External links
 J.J. Williams, "Briarcliff", Druid Hills News, Druid Hills Civic Association, Fall 2007 - in-depth history of the mansion
 "Briarcliff Campus", Emory History, Emory University
 Emory History Minute, "Candler Mansion", Emory University (video of history Candler Mansion)
 Candler Mansion - video documentary of the site
 Flickr photosets of Briarcliff Mansion , of tunnels
 "Celebrating Aeolian Opus 1542", Wesleyan magazine, Fall/Winter 2008 - story of the mansion's Aeolian organ

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
Colonial Revival architecture in Georgia (U.S. state)
Houses completed in 1922
Houses in Atlanta
Reportedly haunted locations in Georgia (U.S. state)
National Register of Historic Places in Atlanta
Druid Hills, Georgia


Dotson is a Welsh surname originating from the Cheshire region. This surname is a patronymic of the Middle English name "Dodde." Originally derived from the Germanic root "dodd" meaning "something rounded", used to denote a short, rotund man . Notable people with this surname include:

Alphonse Dotson (born 1943), American football player
Amber Dotson, American country singer
Bob Dotson, American broadcast journalist
Carlton Dotson, American college basketball player and murderer
Chastity Dotson, American actress
Damyean Dotson, American basketball player
Demar Dotson (born 1985), American football player
Devon Dotson (born 1999), American basketball player
Earl Dotson (born 1970), American football player
Elijah Dotson (born 1999), American football player
Gary Dotson, American exonerated of a criminal conviction by DNA evidence
Jahan Dotson (born 2000), American football player
Jimmy Dotson (1933–2017), American blues singer, guitarist and drummer
Kevin Dotson (disambiguation), multiple people
Lionel Dotson (born 1985), American football player
Richard Dotson (born 1959), American baseball player
Santana Dotson (born 1969), American football player
Sam Dotson (born 1970), American police commissioner in St. Louis

See also
Dotson, Minnesota
Dodson (disambiguation)


Don Krug (23 January 1957 – 2 April 2017) was an educator, activist, and author.

Background
Born in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, and taught in the public schools in Wisconsin for 10 years.  From 1994 to 2001, he served as the senior editor of the Journal of Cultural Research in Art Education, a publication of USSEA a national affiliate of International Society for Education through Art (INSEA). He served on the editorial board of Studies in Art Education and Art Education, publications of the National Art Education Association.  He publishes widely about connections of aesthetics, cultures, ecology, education, pedagogy, and human computer interactions. In 2005, GreenMuseum.Org acquired the Art & Ecology: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Curriculum website he developed in 1997, for The Getty Education Institute for the Arts. In 1999–2000, he developed "Ethnic Arts: A Means of Intercultural Communication-Online" a distance education course to study how students mediate virtual environments while learning and communicating about ideas and issues of diversity and difference among their peers. In 2001–2002, he authored a teacher professional development online book/course Identity and Place in Contemporary Art.  This distance education book/course was a collaboration between Davis Publication, Art:21, PBS public television, and Marlboro College,  Art: 21 produced "Contemporary Artists in the Twenty-first Century", a four-part videotape series examining the work of twenty-one contemporary artists.

Krug is currently on the education faculty of the University of British Columbia in the Department of Curriculum & Pedagogy. He is a faculty associate with the Institute for Computing, Information & Cognitive Systems (ICICS), Media and Graphics Interdisciplinary Centre and Centre for Digital Media at UBC. From 1993 to 2002, he taught at Ohio State University and held associate faculty appointments with the Advance Computing Center for Art and Design and the Center for Folklife Studies. He was a Fulbright Award recipient in 2000–2001.

He is the Director of the integrating Technologies through Education and Cultures LAB and as of 2009 he is researching the administrative, assessment, communicative, curricular, pedagogical, and research dimensions associated with the use and integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) (e.g., new media, learning technologies, digital literacies, digital culture, etc.). His research examines the changing dynamics and contextual conditions that influence how administrators, teachers, and students accept, oppose, and/or resist the use of educational technologies in face-to-face, hybrid, and online distance education learning environments. Current, research projects with UBC graduate students and through provincial partnerships include: "BC Portfolio Requirements: ICT and the Power of the Arts", "The Seeds of Possibility: Integrating ICT into the Teacher Education Two-year Elementary Program", and "Investigating Pedagogy and Rich Media Development in Face-to-Face, Hybrid, and Online Distance Education Learning Environments".

References

External links
 Korinth, Cate (2002). US professors Attracted to UBC. UBC Reports. 48,14.
 UBC faculty listing
 Creating Dynamic Learning Environments
 "The Seeds of Possibility: Integrating ICT into the Teacher Education Two-year Elementary Program,"
 integrating technologies through educational cultures — LAB via Wikimedia Commons
 Krug,D. Parker,A.(2005). Miracles of the Spirit: Folk, Art, and Stories from Wisconsin.University press of Mississippi. 336 pp., 30 color and 188 b&w photographs, bibliography, index 1578067537 (9781578067534)
 GreenMuseum.Org
 "BC Portfolio Requirements: ICT and the Power of the Arts,"
 Art: 21

Media interviews
(i) Magazine
Pinchin, K. (2008). Krug, D. Interview. “Can I have your half-attention, please?” McCleans, February 6th, 2009 Magazine.

(ii) Radio
Clarke, C. (March, 2008). “Should the videogame, ‘Bully: Scholarship Edition’ be banned?” The Christy Clarke Show, with Emily Noble, President, Canadian Teachers’ Federation and Dr. Don Krug, Professor UBC.

(iii) Television
Dag Sharman, D. (2008). Bullying Game, CTV news, Vancouver, aired March 4, 2008 Krug, D. Interview. (2 minutes).

(iv) Newspaper
Ogilvie, C. (March 05, 2008). Teachers want Bully pulled from stores by Clare Ogilvie, The Province.

(v) Website
Teachers put off by revamped 'Bully' video game.Krug, D. (March 4, 2008).

1957 births
2017 deaths
American activists
Academic staff of the University of British Columbia
Ohio State University faculty
Fulbright alumni


Pamela Chan Wong-shui, BBS, JP is a consumer rights activist and academic in Hong Kong. Originally a social worker, she was Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Consumer Council (HKCC) from 1985 to 2007. She served, concurrently, as an Executive Member and President (from 1997 to 2000) of the Consumers International.

She is an Honorary Lecturer in the Department of Professional Legal Education and a member of the PCLL Academic Boards of both the University of Hong Kong (UHK) and the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK).

Education
Chan was graduated from Chung Chi College's Department of Social Work, part of CUHK. She later earned her law degree from then-Peking University in 1994.

Affiliations
She has served or currently serves on various Boards and Committees, including: board of directors of The Community Chest, the Advisory Committee on Travel Agents, Travel Industry Compensation Fund Management Board, Hong Kong Housing Authority, the Appeals Tribunal of the Hong Kong Federation of Insurers, the Working Party on Civil Justice Reform of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Steering Committee on the Review of Legal Education and Training in Hong Kong and the Law Society of Hong Kong.

Awards
In 1979, she received the Ten Outstanding Young Persons Award. She was awarded the Bronze Bauhinia Star by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 1998 and a Gold Award by the China Consumer Association two years later in recognition of her contributions to consumer rights protections.

In 2006, Chan was awarded the Rhoda Karpatkin Award from the American Council on Consumer Interests for her work and leadership in contributing to Hong Kong consumers' welfare and China's consumer movement.

References

See also
 Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)

Alumni of the University of Hong Kong
Academic staff of the University of Hong Kong
Academic staff of the Chinese University of Hong Kong
Living people
Hong Kong social workers
Recipients of the Bronze Bauhinia Star
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)


Lasarat (also known as Laso Harrad) is a town in eastern Ethiopia. Located in the Shinile Zone of the Somali Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of  with an elevation between 740 and 817 meters above sea level.

Lasarat is served by a station on the Ethio-Djibouti Railways.

Demographics
As of 2007, the population of Lasarat has been estimated to be 2,371. The city inhabitants belong to various mainly Afro-Asiatic-speaking ethnic groups, with the Issa Somali predominant.

References

Populated places in the Somali Region


Gerald Brashear was a Seattle jazz performer from the 1940s to the mid-1970s.

Ernestine Anderson said, "Brashear had taught himself to play the style of Dizzy's Cuban drummer, Chano Pozo. Buddy Catlett says Brashear 'played like a Cuban', he was that good."

"The Cecil Young Quartet album, released on King in 1951 as a 10 inch LP under the title Concert of Cool Jazz was the first local record since the Maxin Trio's to make an impact outside Seattle ... The Norman record showcased Brashear and so impressed San Francisco jazz critic Ralph Gleason that he encouraged local disc jockeys to play the cut, writing that Brashear's scat solo on 'Who Parked the Car/.' was the best scat solo ever recorded. Gerald's solo is so incontestably in a class by itself, Eddie Jefferson and Jon Hendricks notwithstanding ... Brashear weaves curlicue Lestorian solos with an appealing dry, woody tone, fluid, fleet phrasing, and spitfire tonguing."

References

American jazz drummers
American jazz saxophonists
American male saxophonists
Musicians from Seattle
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American saxophonists
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians


Shanthi Krishna is an Indian actress known for her leading roles in Malayalam and Tamil films. As a star in the 1980s and 1990s, she won many allocades including the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress for her performance as Sharadammini in Chakoram (1994), and the Kerala State Television Award for Best Actress three times in a row also Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Malayalam for her performance in Njandukalude Nattil Oridavela, her comeback film.

Early life

Her parents are R. Krishna and K. Sharada, a Palakkad Iyer family based in Bombay. She completed her education at Mumbai S.I.E.S. College and General Education Academy. Her three brothers are Sreeram, Satheesh and film director Suresh Krissna.

The same year, she acted in her first Tamil film, Paneer Pushpangal. She quit the film industry after her first marriage, but made a comeback in 1991 in the movie Nayam Vyakthamakkunnu. She won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in Chakoram (1994). In 1997 she stopped appearing in Malayalam movies. She served as a jury member in Malayalam film awards. She made a second comeback in 2017 with the movie Njandukalude Nattil Oridavela.

Personal life
Shanthi Krishna married Malayalam actor Sreenath in 1984 and divorced him in 1995. She married Sadasivan Bajore in 1998, the secretary of Rajiv Gandhi Group of Institutions. They have two children, Mithul and Mithali. The couple divorced in 2016. She lived in the US for a while and later returned to Bangalore.

Awards

Kerala State Film Awards
 1992 - Second Best Actress - Savidham
 1994 - Best Actress - Chakoram
 Other Awards
1992, 1994,1995 -Kerala State Television Award for Best Actress
2017 - Asiavision Awards for Best supporting actress - Njandukalude Nattil Oridavela
2018 - Vanitha Film Awards for Best supporting actress  - Njandukalude Nattil Oridavela
2018 - Flowers Indian film Awards 2018 - Best Supporting actress  - Njandukalude Nattil Oridavela
2018 - Asianet Film Awards - Best Character Actress  - Njandukalude Nattil Oridavela
2018 - Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Malayalam -Njandukalude Nattil Oridavela
2018 - Jaycee foundation Awards 2018 - Best Supporting actress  - Njandukalude Nattil Oridavela
2018 - NAFA awards USA - Best supporting actress- Njandugalude Nattil Oridavela

Filmography
All films are in Malayalam, unless otherwise noted.

Television
Chitrageetham (Doordarshan) as Host
Chapalyam (Doordarshan)
Ammayi (Telefilm, Doordarshan)
Scooter (Doordarshan) as Swayamprabha
Seemantham (Doordarshan) as Swayamprabha
Kuthirakal (Doordarshan)
Paliyathachan (Doordarshan)
Mohapakshikal (Doordarshan)
Malayali Veettamma (FLOWERS TV) as Judge
Comedy stars season 2 (Asianet) as Judge
Kaliveedu (Surya TV)
MY G Flowers Oru Kodi (FLOWERS TV) as Participant
Oru Chiri Iruchiri Bumper Chiri (Mazhavil Manorama)  as Judge
Geetha Govindam (TV series) ( Asianet)

References

External links

Living people
20th-century Indian actresses
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Indian film actresses
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Kerala State Film Award winners
Actresses from Mumbai
21st-century Indian actresses
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Indian television actresses
Actresses in Hindi television
Actresses in Malayalam television
Actresses in Telugu cinema
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)


Monkey Warfare is a 2006 Canadian drama film written and directed by Reginald Harkema, starring Don McKellar, Tracy Wright, and Nadia Litz. The film received multiple awards at the Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2006, and received an honorable mention from the Best Canadian Feature Film jury at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival.

Cast
Don McKellar as Dan
Tracy Wright as Linda
Nadia Litz as Susan
Earl Pastko as Ted
Rob Stefaniuk as real estate agent
Brenda Robbins as figurine lady
Marya Delver as bike girl
Sarah Manninen as bike girl
Rachel Wilson as bike girl
Erin McMurtry as bike girl
Marnie Robinson as bike girl
Jayne Eastwood as garage sales lady
Caroline Gillis as female cop
Lee Rumohr and Melissa Veszi as young couple
Isabel and Jason Knight as husband and wife

Soundtrack
"The Black Poodle" - performed by Comets on Fire
"Nuclear War" - written and performed by Sun Ra
"(Ballad of the) Hip Death Goddess" - written and performed by Ultimate Spinach
"The Old Revolution" - written and performed by Leonard Cohen
"What If We All Stopped Paying Taxes?" - performed by Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings
"Girls Like That" - performed by Weird War
"Saturday Afternoon" - performed by Outrageous Cherry
"Kill For Peace" and "Group Grope" - performed by The Fugs
"Protest Song '68" - performed by Refused
"Pow! to The People" - performed by The Make-Up
"I (fuck) Mountains" - performed by Pink Mountaintops

Reception
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 75% based on 8 critics, with an average rating of 6.6/10.

References

External links

Films set in Toronto
Canadian drama films
English-language Canadian films
2000s English-language films
2000s Canadian films


Four-time defending champion Rafael Nadal defeated Novak Djokovic in the final, 6–3, 2–6, 6–1 to win the singles tennis title at the 2009 Monte-Carlo Masters.

Seeds
The top eight seeds receive a bye into the second round.

Draw

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

Qualifying

Seeds

Qualifiers

Draw

First qualifier

Second qualifier

Third qualifier

Fourth qualifier

Fifth qualifier

Sixth qualifier

Seventh qualifier

External links
Main Draw
Qualifying Draw

Singles


The Connector is a streetcar system in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The system opened to passengers on September 9, 2016. The streetcar operates on a  loop from The Banks, Great American Ball Park, and Smale Riverfront Park through Downtown Cincinnati and north to Findlay Market in the northern edge of the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood. Future extensions have been proposed to the Uptown area, home to the University of Cincinnati, the regional hospitals on Pill Hill, and the Cincinnati Zoo; and to Northern Kentucky.

Due to the cost, and lack of distance, the project faced opposition on several occasions after being first proposed in 2007. Challenges included ballot initiatives to stop the project in 2009 and 2011, opposition from members of Cincinnati City Council, Governor John Kasich, and Mayor John Cranley (elected in 2013). However, both of the anti-rail ballot initiatives were rejected by voters, and a pro-streetcar majority was elected to City Council in 2011, allowing the project to move forward. Naming rights to the system were purchased by Cincinnati Bell in a $3.4 million, 10-year deal in August 2016. The streetcar was known as the Cincinnati Bell Connector until 2022, when the system gained its current name after the rebranding of Cincinnati Bell to Altafiber.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, fares were suspended and eventually eliminated.

History

Context

At the end of the 20th century, Over-the-Rhine, which is adjacent to downtown, was one of the most economically distressed areas in the United States. Over-the-Rhine's instability was preventing growth and investment in Downtown Cincinnati, the city's central business district; this, in turn, has been affecting the health of the entire region. Ideally, the streetcar line would attract downtown (and uptown) workers to live near the line, provide economic stimulation and development, and provide transportation for local residents and tourists. The streetcars appeared in Cincinnati's massive 2002 transit plan, MetroMoves, which was rejected when taken to a public vote. A "Phase 1B" was considered that would connect to the "uptown" neighborhoods that surround the University of Cincinnati. The fundamental goal of the streetcar proposal is to create transit-oriented development.

Feasibility study

On May 31, 2007, Omaha-based HDR Engineers completed a feasibility study that focused on a  loop from The Banks, through downtown and Over-the-Rhine. According to the study, the city would gain between 1,200 and 3,400 additional residences, raise an additional $34 million in property taxes, and yield $17 million in retail activity per year from new residents. Within  of the line there are  of surface parking lots along the downtown and Over-the-Rhine line. The potential yield of the parking lots for redevelopment is 3,787 housing units or  of commercial/office/hotel space. The study says lots would create between $54 million and $193 million additional redevelopment per year, with a conservative estimate of $112 million per year. A total property value premium of $379 million plus $1,480,000,000 of redevelopment over 10 years (conservative estimate) would equal a total of $1,911,000,000 of benefits for the city. The study estimated the cost to be around $100 million and concluded that the benefit-cost ratio of the downtown and Over-the-Rhine line would be 15.2 to 1, which means for every dollar Cincinnati spends it will receive $15.20 in return. The University of Cincinnati "checked the math" of the study and found that the "projections of the benefits of ridership and economic development" are "credible."

The study projected that a 2010 opening year would draw an estimated 4,600 riders of the downtown and Over-the-Rhine portion of the line each weekday. According to city leaders, if 2 percent of downtown workers, and 2 percent of convention attendees, and 2 percent of Over-the-Rhine residents ride the streetcars it will meet that daily ridership. By 2015 (assuming the system opened in 2010) about 6,400 people were estimated to ride the streetcars per weekday. Ridership numbers for the uptown line were not included in the study.

The 2007 study also claims the streetcar system would have four significant economic effects:
 Customer base and customer access will expand for existing businesses.
 Improved market values of existing properties.
 Catalyst for new transit-oriented development where less parking is required.
 Supporting neighborhoods by making them more walkable.

Votes and political involvement
In 2007 the city completed a study to determine if installing streetcars would be beneficial. On April 23, 2008, Cincinnati City Council approved a plan to build a new streetcar line.

In 2009 and 2011 the city voted on referendums designed to stop the streetcar project, but in both cases a majority of voters favored the project.

2009 referendum
Special interest groups COAST (Coalition Opposed to Additional Spending and Taxes) and the Cincinnati NAACP both oppose the streetcar system. Both groups gathered signatures for a ballot initiative that would amend the city's charter and force a public vote on the streetcars. However, the amendment would have prohibited the city "from spending any monies for right-of-way acquisition or construction of improvements for passenger rail transportation." This would have affected more than just streetcars, forcing a public vote on any rail-based system including the proposed high-speed rail that connects Cincinnati to Columbus and Cleveland, and potentially even the "Safari Train" at the Cincinnati Zoo. Since the amendment is usually described as a vote on the streetcars, CityBeat has suggested the amendment is "deceptive" and an attempt to reverse "COAST's waning political influence" in the city. (COAST has been described as "rabidly anti-mass transit.") The Cincinnati Enquirer, who wrote that the city is not ready for streetcars, called the proposed amendment a "poison pill" that is "DECEPTIVE in its language and intent."

A political action committee called Cincinnatians for Progress was formed to oppose the amendment proposed by COAST and the NAACP. According to Cincinnatians for Progress, the amendment would unnecessarily delay projects by 10 to 12 months while the city waits on a public vote, and put Cincinnati at a competitive disadvantage with other cities.  In the November 3, 2009 local elections however, this city charter amendment proposal failed, losing 56% to 44%.

2011 referendum
After losing at the ballot box in 2009, COAST and the local NAACP began collecting signatures in 2011 for a similar ballot initiative. This referendum, known as Issue 48, differed by banning any spending on rail until December 31, 2020, rather than requiring a citywide vote for spending. It would have banned spending, no matter the source of money (federal, state, privately financed, etc.). Critics believed the language of the amendment again applied to all forms of rail transit, including any plans for a streetcar, light rail, or commuter rail.

The Cincinnati Enquirer endorsed a "No" vote on Issue 48, stating, "we vigorously oppose Issue 48 and urge voters to reject it. ... Issue 48 is a bad, bad, bad idea." According to "a majority of legal experts" interviewed by the Enquirer, Issue 48 "is written so broadly it could stop other rail projects in the city." Non-streetcar commuter rail projects that may have been affected included the county-backed Eastern Rail Corridor project, which plans to connect the eastern suburbs to downtown using an abandoned rail line. Others who endorsed a "No" vote were Cincinnati CityBeat, League of Women Voters of the Cincinnati Area, and former leaders of the local NAACP.

Issue 48 was defeated 52% to 48% on November 8, 2011. This, along with Cincinnati electing a more progressive city council, allowed the streetcar project to proceed.

Construction begins
Construction of the streetcar system began with a groundbreaking on February 17, 2012, and utility relocation began at that time. The contract with Messer/Prus/Delta JV for the construction of the tracks, power system, and a maintenance facility was signed on July 15, 2013.

Former Cincinnati mayor Mark Mallory, a supporter of the streetcars, acknowledged the possibility of reinstalling one or more inclines if the new proposal for streetcars is successful enough. The city still owns the rights-of-way where the inclines once sat.

Construction pauses after 2013 election

On November 6, 2013, in a mayoral election to replace Mayor Mallory, who is term-limited, Cincinnati Streetcar supporter Roxanne Qualls was defeated by streetcar opponent John Cranley. In addition, Laure Quinlivan, a council member and streetcar supporter, lost her re-election bid by placing tenth in a race where only the first nine are seated; Amy Murray, a Charter-endorsed Republican who opposed the streetcar, placed ninth. By the time the election was held, contracts had been signed, utility relocation had been ongoing for months, and nearly a half mile of track had been installed on Elm Street. John Deatrick, the Project Executive for the Cincinnati Streetcar, presented numbers to Council showing that it would cost nearly as much to cancel the project as to finish it. Cranley reiterated his intent to cancel the project; however, City Councilman P.G. Sittenfeld, one of the main critics of the streetcar during the election, opposed the cancellation of the project by then. Still, five out of nine members voted to "pause" construction of the streetcar on December 4 to allow for an outside audit of the project.

An independent audit confirmed Dietrich's estimates of the cost of canceling the project. However, Cranley and several council members expressed concern about the annual operating cost of the streetcar and the effect it would have on the city's operating budget. The Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority offered to take responsibility for the streetcar's operating cost, but Cranley refused this offer and insisted that financial support must come from the private sector. Finally, after the Haile Foundation committed to providing $9 million in funding towards the project, City Council voted on December 19 to continue construction of the streetcar. Council Members Kevin Flynn and David Mann, who had supported the "pause", joined with four other Council members to vote in favor of the project. Since a supermajority of six Council members voted to resume the project, Cranley was unable to veto the ordinance.

Operations

The system opened to passengers at noon on September 9, 2016. The opening was celebrated with a weekend of free rides. Over 50,000 rides were taken during the three-day opening weekend. It is operated under contract by Transdev.

Following its opening, the streetcar fell short of ridership projections, averaging 2,012 riders per day during its first year. Large events such as the Cincinnati Reds Opening Day draw much larger crowds. Low ridership has been blamed on frequent track blockages by cars that contribute to delays as well as an anti-rail mayoral administration. In August 2018, Cincinnati Bell approached the City of Cincinnati about ending its sponsorship of the system, less than two years into the 10-year contract.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, service was suspended at the end of March 30, 2020, and resumed on September 2. The same day, Cincinnati City Council overrode Mayor John Cranley's veto to suspend fares, with the intention of making the streetcar line free of charge permanently. The streetcar line became free of charge permanently beginning November 1. Prior to that change, fare collection had used a proof-of-payment system, with inspectors randomly checking tickets on board.

Beginning in late 2021, ridership began to exceed pre-pandemic levels. For every month from November 2021 through September 2023, the system set record ridership for the respective month, except in the month of June 2022, during which service was suspended for three weeks due to the partial collapse of a nearby building. In 2022, the streetcar set an all-time annual ridership record of 846,622 passengers. In September 2023, the streetcar set an all-time monthly ridership record of 115,114 passengers. By the end of September 2023, the system had already exceeded the annual ridership record set in 2022.

Route

List of stops
Loop between The Banks and Over-the-Rhine

Possible extensions
The 2007 feasibility study suggested the possibility of several extensions or future additions including a line through Cincinnati's "uptown" neighborhoods to the University of Cincinnati, the Cincinnati Zoo, and to the neighborhood of Clifton. Other potential extensions include a line through the West End to Union Terminal, a line to the East End neighborhood using an abandoned track, and a line across the Taylor-Southgate Bridge to Newport on the Levee in Newport, Kentucky.

Uptown Connector

On April 23, 2008, Cincinnati City Council voted 6–2 in favor of building the lines that link downtown, Over-the-Rhine, and uptown. Originally, the city wanted to build the line that connects Over-the-Rhine and downtown in the first phase, and then build the uptown link in a second phase. However, a council majority wanted to include the Uptown Connector in the first phase. Soon after taking office in 2011, the anti-rail Republican, Governor John Kasich, pulled all $52 million in state money for the streetcar project, and plans for the Uptown route were scrapped as a result.

Both Vine Street and West Clifton Avenue were studied as options for the Phase 1B connection from Over-the-Rhine to Uptown. Vine Street was a path for the original streetcars, but an "extreme hillside" to the west of the street and a city park and an elementary school to the east leaves less land for development when compared to West Clifton Avenue.  West Clifton Avenue passes through Clifton Heights, which is one of the densest neighborhoods in the city due to its concentration of UC students. Studies considered whether or not West Clifton Avenue is too steep for streetcar travel, and which path could tap into more federal funding. Ultimately, Vine Street was chosen as the route for the original Uptown Connector.

The lack of political will to advance plans for an extension has given advocates more time to study and reconsider the best way to take the streetcar to Uptown. In 2014, as the Vine Street route was further explored, the "Clifton Shortcut" was proposed as a more direct route to turn up Vine Street. However, after further study it still suffered from many of the same issues as the originally proposed Vine Street route with major underground utility lines, narrow lanes with greater risk of accidents, and uncomfortable grades, which limit level boarding platforms for stops and hence economic development opportunities in the hillside areas.

In 2015, an alternative plan of using two tunnels to get to Uptown has also been proposed. It includes extensions from Phase 1A northward up Main and Walnut to a southern tunnel portal under Mulberry Street at Main that daylights at-grade near Inwood Park for a station servicing Christ Hospital before returning underground until aligning with Jefferson Avenue near Daniels. Past studies have shown that Mount Auburn has suitable geology that is conducive to building a $100 million tunnel that would connect downtown to Clifton, however further study is needed to know the exact cost to implement this new plan. The additional cost of tunneling is believed to be justified in order to increase reliability and speed at the center of a regional light rail system that could be developed around this spine in the future through projects such as Wasson Way.

Newport extension
In 2009, the cities of Newport, Kentucky, and Covington, Kentucky, across the Ohio River officially supported Cincinnati's streetcar proposal, and would like to install a system that links with the Cincinnati system. A group called the Northern Kentucky Streetcar Committee is exploring ways to get a study funded to extend the route across the Taylor Southgate Bridge and into Newport.

Cost and funding

The Downtown/Over-the-Rhine line would cost $102 million. A Downtown/Over-the-Rhine/University of Cincinnati line would cost $128 million. The full Downtown/Over-the-Rhine/University of Cincinnati/Uptown/Zoo line would cost $185 million. The cost estimate for the Downtown/Over-the-Rhine line includes approximately  of track and overhead power supply (for the route and storage/maintenance), 6 streetcars, 18 streetcar stops, a maintenance/storage facility for the streetcars, as well as a 15% to 25% contingency on project line items.

The money to fund the $102 million Downtown/Over-the-Rhine line would be attained from a variety of sources. Of those, $25 million would come from capital bonds; $25 million from tax increment financing from downtown property taxes; $31 million from private contributors, partners and sponsors; $11 million from proceeds from the sale of the Blue Ash Airport; and $10 million from state grants. The remaining $80 million to $85 million for the full Uptown system was planned to be built later, mostly with federal funds. However, after city council approved the streetcar plan they decided to look for an additional $35 million to "get up the hill" to the University of Cincinnati. (Engineering and construction costs for the uphill portion of the line would cost more than the portion of the line built on flat land.) The $35 million would only take the streetcars up to the university, that money would not extend it to the Cincinnati Zoo.

Annual operating costs were estimated between $2.0 and $2.7 million per year for the Downtown/Over-the-Rhine line. The estimate includes labor for streetcar operators, for maintenance of the streetcars, track and other facilities, and for ongoing management and administration of the service. A portion of the cost would be covered by a fare, if there is one. The fare policy has not been decided and could cost anywhere from "the current local bus fare" ($1.50 as of 2009) to free. According to City Council member Chris Bortz, the remaining operating cost could be covered by a variety of means, the most likely being revenue from advertisements inside and/or outside the streetcar—similar to how ads are done with Cincinnati's bus system.

Due to the severe economic downturn of 2008 and 2009 the city has had trouble raising the full $35 million needed from private sources. (Duke Energy has promised to donate $3.5 million.) City officials have made several trips to Washington to lobby for federal money for the streetcar system.

In May 2010, the city had raised over $90 million in funds, and expected federal grants in the summer of 2010 to cover the remaining cost.
 $15 million from Ohio Transportation Review Advisory Council (TRAC)
 $64 million in bonds by the City of Cincinnati
 $2.6 million in local funds
 $15 million from the Ohio Department of Transportation
 $4 million from the Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Regional Council of Governments
 $25 million from the United States Department of Transportation's Urban Circulator Grant Program

After the Ohio Transportation Review Advisory Council (TRAC) pulled its portion of funding for the project, the city postponed the Uptown Connector and moved forward with a slightly shortened Downtown/Over-the-Rhine route. After receiving an additional Urban Circulator grant from the United States Department of Transportation, the route was extended to reach Henry Street to the north and 2nd Street to the south.

In 2011 Governor John Kasich took away $52 million in state money that had been awarded to the streetcar by the previous administration. Despite being the Ohio Department of Transportation's top rated project, the money was redirected to projects in other areas of the state. In 2012, Congressman Steve Chabot added an amendment to the annual transportation spending bill that prohibits any federal money going to the streetcar.

The final budget upon project completion in 2016 was $.

Possible benefits and drawbacks
There may be some benefits associated with building the streetcar system. The projections of the 2007 streetcar study indicated that the streetcars would have a 14:1 benefit-cost ratio over the next decade. In addition, Downtown and Over-the-Rhine has  of surface parking lots within  of the line, which is a lot of potential development. Much of the recent investment in the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood is based on the belief that the system will be built. Rookwood Pottery moved from Glendora Avenue in Corryville to Race Street in Over-the-Rhine, near Findlay Market, so that it would be on the streetcar line. Forty-six cities either have streetcars, or are trying to develop them. For instance, Portland, Oregon, spent $57 million to build its streetcar system and recouped $1.6 billion in investment, so by the same projection, the investment in Cincinnati would yield nearly $3 billion in development.

However, opponents say that a streetcar may not be as effective, or effective at all, at economic development in Cincinnati as streetcars seem to have been in certain other cities. That is, economic development is contextual and historically contingent. The NAACP, for example, has suggested improving existing utilities and economic sectors rather than building the streetcar system. In addition, the streetcar is designed to be symbolic transit, rather than being planned as an essentially functional part of the transit system—or to serve primarily as transportation as such—because Over-the-Rhine is already developing very rapidly without the streetcar. Other opponents say that the streetcar serves as a political cover for the easing of development restrictions and that much or all development will be due to the easing of restrictions that would have otherwise been left in place, rather than a streetcar itself.

Equipment
Five low-floor CAF Urbos 3 streetcars were ordered from Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF) of Beasain, Spain, with an original delivery date of July 2014. The first streetcar vehicle arrived on October 30, 2015.

Ridership
Italics indicate each month's ridership record.

Commemorative beers
On October 23, 2015, Brad Thomas, a member of the Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority, announced that the five different brewers that line the streetcars route had each agreed to brew a new specialty beer to honor the delivery of the first five vehicles.

See also
 Cincinnati Street Railway, a predecessor
 Light rail in the United States
 Streetcars in North America
 List of streetcar systems in the United States (all-time list)
 List of tram and light rail transit systems (worldwide)
 List of rail transit systems in the United States (currently operating systems only, and including other rail modes)

References

External links

Passenger rail transportation in Cincinnati
Streetcars in Ohio
Light rail in Ohio
2016 establishments in Ohio
Railway lines opened in 2016
750 V DC railway electrification
Transdev
Cincinnati Bell


Cereceda is one of 24 parishes (administrative divisions) in Piloña, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 239 (INE 2011).

Villages
 Berducedo (Berducéu)
 Braniella
 Caldevilla
 Cereceda (Cerecea)
 Cantodova (Cantudova)
 La Bárcena
 La Braña
 La Naveda
 Los Collados (Los Collaos)
 Mercoria (La Mercoria)
 Robledo (Robléu)
 Sardeda (Sardea)
 Sementada (La Sementada)
 Tresabueli (Tresagüeli)

References

Parishes in Piloña


Cad Bane is a character in the Star Wars franchise. Created by George Lucas, Dave Filoni and Henry Gilroy, he first appeared in the 2008 computer animated series Star Wars: The Clone Wars (voiced by Corey Burton). Burton would reprise his role as the voice of Cad Bane in the 2021 animated series Star Wars: The Bad Batch and live-action series The Book of Boba Fett (in which stuntman Dorian Kingi physically portrayed the character) on Disney+.

Cad Bane is depicted as a ruthless bounty hunter and mercenary from the planet Duro who is known for wearing his trademark wide-brimmed hat. His fast draw, cunning wits and unscrupulous willingness to take any job for the right price have earned him a reputation as one of the best bounty hunters in the galaxy. Often employed by other villains, Bane comes into conflict with the Jedi of the Galactic Republic numerous times during the Clone Wars. Through the reign of the Galactic Empire to the era of the New Republic, Bane retains his notoriety and continues to provide his services to the highest bidder, causing him to clash with Clone Force 99, Fennec Shand, Cobb Vanth, and even his former apprentice, Boba Fett.

The character has become a fan favorite since his first appearance and is considered one of the most popular bounty hunters in the franchise alongside the likes of Boba Fett and Jango Fett. In addition to the television series, Cad Bane has also been featured in various Star Wars comic books and video games.

Development

Creation

Cad Bane was created to serve as a recurring antagonist in The Clone Wars. Writers Dave Filoni and Henry Gilroy originally planned to adapt the bounty hunter Durge, who was introduced in the 2003 Clone Wars micro-series, as a human character but Star Wars creator George Lucas instead suggested the creation of an entirely new bounty hunter with a Western design. The result was inspired by Western film actors such as Lee Van Cleef's portrayals of Angel Eyes in The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly and Colonel Mortimer in For a Few Dollars More, while retaining the features of the Duros species in the Star Wars universe. Corey Burton's vocal performance, inspired by the voices of actors Lance Henriksen (who was originally envisioned to voice Bane) and Peter Lorre, was then digitally modified by the series' sound production team. While Filoni researched the character, he happened across unused concept art from the original trilogy of a gun-toting bounty hunter with a wide-brimmed hat that helped determine the character’s final look. Filoni speculated on George Lucas' original idea for the character that became Cad Bane: "Something you notice about George Lucas after a while is that he'll mention a name like 'Mace Windu' in a [1973] version of Star Wars, and then it pops up in 1999. So, this, I guess might have been an idea George had for the character Cad Bane way back when, and now finally he's getting around to bringing him to the screen in The Clone Wars."

Cad Bane made his debut in the season one finale, "Hostage Crisis". Giancarlo Volpe, the director of the episode, has compared Bane to bounty hunter Boba Fett: "The crew loves Cad Bane and I really think the fans will, too. He brings a serious bad-ass sensibility to Star Wars. He's a lethal and ruthless bounty hunter and you see that right away in the episode. Unlike Boba Fett, Cad doesn't take prisoners."

Characterization
The official Star Wars Databank describes Cad Bane as "a ruthless bounty hunter" and "the preeminent blaster-for-hire in the galaxy". He is cold, cruel, calculating, selfish, and will "track his prey to the ends of the galaxy" for the right price. Bane cares little for the sinister motives of his employers such as Darth Sidious, and has no qualms about harming and murdering innocents and even children in pursuit of his quarry. Examples of Bane's sadistic tendencies include his brutal torture and execution of Jedi Master Bolla Ropal, as well as his willingness to kill another bounty hunter simply because he had a hat he liked. Bane's lack of morality and disregard for collateral damage have earned him a reputation as one of the galaxy's most notorious mercenaries, which often puts him into conflict with more honorable hunters, such as Boba Fett. During the opening ceremony of a tournament for bounty hunters, Count Dooku goes so far as to state that Bane "needs no introduction". Despite his reputation, however, Bane is not without honor, as proven on several occasions, such as the time he saved Rako Hardeen (actually Obi-Wan Kenobi in disguise) when Moralo Eval tried to kill him by dropping him into a fire pit. Bane had come to respect Hardeen after the latter had also saved Bane's life more than once, and told Eval that if he wanted to kill Hardeen, then to "do it like a man."

As a Duros, Cad Bane has blue skin, red eyes and a tall and slim frame. He often wears a wide-brimmed hat and has a habit of chewing on toothpicks. Although his species lacks great physical strength, Bane is a very wily individual and possesses a brilliant strategic mind, demonstrated in both his meticulous preparation for and spontaneous improvisation during missions. He is frequently able to outsmart his enemies, including the Jedi and other criminals, and has proven capable of leading team efforts in spite of his preference for working alone.

Cad Bane is renowned as one of the galaxy's most skilled marksmen and gunslingers. His primary weapons are a pair of LL-30 blaster pistols, which he has used with exceptional speed and proficiency in quick draw duels to best the likes of Hunter, Cobb Vanth and Boba Fett. Bane's outfit is integrated with an arsenal of deadly weaponry to ensure that he is prepared for any situation that may arise. Each of his vambraces is equipped with a grappling hook launcher, a knockout gas dispenser, a flamethrower, and various remote control devices. His gloves are equipped with stunners. Bane also carried bolas. His breathing tube apparatus prevents him from being Force-choked and his rocket boots allow him to outpace Force-imbued Jedi in combat.

Appearances

Television

The Clone Wars

Cad Bane is introduced in the season one finale. He assembles a group of bounty hunters to free Ziro the Hutt from a Republic prison on Coruscant. Bane and his team infiltrate the Senate building and hold a group of senators hostage to demand Ziro's release. Their mission proves successful and the bounty hunters escape with Ziro in spite of Anakin Skywalker's attempt to stop them.

Cad Bane makes his first chronological appearance in the season two premiere, in which he is hired by Darth Sidious to steal a Holocron from the Jedi Temple. He obtains the Holocron and the Kyber memory crystal needed to unlock it, killing Jedi Master Bolla Ropal in the process. Bane is given command of a Separatist fleet and subdues Ahsoka Tano in the ensuing space battle, using her as leverage to force Anakin to open the Holocron. Sidious asks Bane to use its information to find and kidnap several Force-sensitive younglings. Despite being captured by the Jedi and forced to take them to the Holocron, Bane leads Obi-Wan Kenobi and Mace Windu into a trap and manages to escape.

Season three details the events prior to and following Cad Bane's takeover of the Senate building in season one. Jabba the Hutt hires Bane to free Ziro as he possesses incriminating information about the Hutt crime families. Bane captures the droids C-3PO and R2-D2 to attain the schematics for the Senate building. Shortly after the mission's success, Ziro escapes from Jabba's clutches and Bane is rehired to hunt down the rogue Hutt. Bane finds Ziro's corpse on Teth, where he engages Obi-Wan and Quinlan Vos before fleeing.

In season four, Cad Bane is hired by Count Dooku to infiltrate a Republic prison to free Moralo Eval. Bane grows suspicious of a bounty hunter named Rako Hardeen, who is actually Obi-Wan disguised to gain Eval's trust and uncover Dooku's plans. Following a successful prison break, the trio are pursued by Anakin and Ahsoka before finally reaching Serenno. Bane, Hardeen and a group of the galaxy's best bounty hunters participate in a tournament to complete an obstacle course called "The Box" for a part in a Separatist plot to kidnap Supreme Chancellor Palpatine. After the tournament, Bane supplants Eval as the leader of the operation and the surviving bounty hunters kidnap Palpatine on Naboo during the Festival of Lights. However, Obi-Wan's deception as Hardeen is revealed and he manages to foil the plot, leading to Bane's reapprehension.

Following the series' cancellation in 2014, supervising director Dave Filoni confirmed that Bane was slated to return in a story arc which saw him mentoring a young Boba Fett, helping him to follow in the footsteps of his late father, Jango Fett, who had mentored Bane. The end of the arc would see Bane and Fett having a standoff, which ended with them both being shot in the head.

The Bad Batch

Following the rise of the Galactic Empire, Cad Bane continues to operate as a bounty hunter and is hired by Prime Minister Lama Su to retrieve the unaltered clone Omega, who escaped from Kamino with a group of elite clone troopers called Clone Force 99. On Bracca, Bane intercepts and kills a squad of Imperial clones before besting Hunter in a duel and kidnapping Omega. Bane takes Omega to an abandoned Kaminoan cloning facility on Bora Vio for her delivery, but she escapes when Fennec Shand intervenes. Following a brief scuffle with Shand, Bane attempts to pursue Omega and Clone Force 99 only to discover that Shand sabotaged his ship, leaving him stranded.

The Book of Boba Fett

Five years after the fall of the Galactic Empire, Cad Bane is hired by the Pyke Syndicate to aid in their takeover of Tatooine. He arrives in Freetown on behalf of the Pykes to order the town to remain neutral in the upcoming war with Boba Fett. Bane bests Marshal Cobb Vanth and his deputy in a duel when they reach for their blasters, and declares that Freetown will be left alone so long as the Pykes' spice trade continues unimpeded. Bane leads the Pykes' attack on Mos Espa and wins in a duel against Fett, but Fett overpowers and stabs him with a Tusken gaffi stick, leaving a light on Bane's chest blinking red.

Comics
Bane also appears in the five-part Marvel Comics comic book miniseries Star Wars: Darth Maul, set before the events of the prequel trilogy, where he aides the titular character in kidnapping a Jedi Padawan.
Star Wars: Darth Maul issue #2 is his first appearance in comics.

Legends
In April 2014, most of the licensed Star Wars novels and comics produced since the originating 1977 film Star Wars were rebranded as Star Wars Legends and declared non-canon to the rest of the franchise by Lucasfilm. Cad Bane has appeared in several comics and video games set in the Legends continuity.

Promotion
Cad Bane has been featured in two Hasbro toys concerning himself, his blaster and his ship, as well as one involving him merged with his ship in a crossover for Transformers. Both Cad Bane and his speeder were included as part of the Lego Star Wars toy line.

Appearance and reception

In 2009, UGO Networks ran a feature on Cad Bane, noting his cool looks and calling him "quintessentially cold, cruel and calculating". IGN listed him as the 31st top Star Wars character, praising his first impression and saying his creators succeeded in introducing "an inarguably cool and effective villain". IGN also noted he "continued to be an excellent foil" to the main protagonists in his later appearances. IGN's Eric Goldman said that Bane was a successful attempt at creating a new ongoing villain, and later called him a "very cool and effective new villain". Goldman also called Bane's introduction and his torture of Bolla Ropal (a Jedi) two of The Clone Warss darkest moments, adding that Bane lived up to the hype that surrounded him in his introduction. Christian Bauvelt, writing for Entertainment Weeklys PopWatch, said that one of the three top reasons the "Evil Plans" episode worked for him was because Cad Bane appeared in it, and noted Bane's similarities to Angel Eyes from The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.

The character's appearance in The Book of Boba Fett has been positively reviewed by reviewers, who argue that it gave the series a singular villain. However, Murray Ferguson of Screen Rant argues that the character's physical appearance (including a higher mouth and added chin) represents a decline in quality from Bane's animated appearances. Meanwhile, The A.V. Club'''s Nick Wanserski stated that the character looks "reasonably good", but some elements "worked better in animation." However, his appearance was praised by Sean Clean of CNET, who called his appearance "terrifying" and compared it to Lee Van Cleef's character Angel Eyes in The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Similar to the fan edits of Luke Skywalker's appearance in The Mandalorian'', a fan edited Bane's live-action appearance in an effort to make it closer to the animated version of the character following perceived audience criticisms of his appearance in live-action.

References

External links

Characters created by Dave Filoni
Characters created by George Lucas
Extraterrestrial supervillains
Fantasy television characters
Fictional assassins
Fictional con artists
Fictional humanoids
Fictional kidnappers
Fictional marksmen and snipers
Fictional criminals in television
Fictional mass murderers
Fictional mercenaries
Fictional space pilots
Fictional terrorists
Fictional torturers
Fictional war criminals
Male characters in animated series
Male characters in television
Male supervillains
Star Wars comics characters
Star Wars: The Bad Batch characters
Star Wars: The Clone Wars characters
Television characters introduced in 2009
The Book of Boba Fett characters
Video game bosses
Villains in animated television series
Western (genre) bounty hunters
Western (genre) gunfighters
Western (genre) outlaws


Kirill Kulemin (born 13 October 1980) is a Russian rugby union player currently playing for USA Perpignan in the Pro D2. Born in Moscow, he previously played rugby league for  and his talents were noticed playing in a Challenge Cup match against professional Super League teams. His position is at lock or in the forwards. Kulemin left London Welsh to join Sale Sharks for the 2013/14 season. After a spell with Sale Sharks, it was confirmed Kulemin will return to France to join USA Perpignan, who were relegated to the Pro D2.

He had 33 caps for Russia, from 2006 to 2014, scoring 4 tries, 20 points on aggregate. Kulemin also played for Russia at the 2000 Rugby League World Cup, playing in the match against Australia, He also played other two matches in 2003, one year before switching to union. He missed the 2011 Rugby World Cup due to an injury sustained in Wales: he was tackled by two or three players, and as a result of an unsuccessful movement, Kulemin suffered a knee injury. Two days later, he had his knee operated, which theoretically would allow him to play, but subsequent complications ruled out his participation at the tournament.

Notes

External links
Kirill Kulemin Official Website

Statistics at rugbyleagueproject.org

1980 births
Living people
Expatriate rugby union players in England
Expatriate rugby union players in France
Rugby league second-rows
Rugby union locks
Russia international rugby union players
Russia national rugby league team players
Russian expatriate rugby union players
Russian expatriate sportspeople in England
Russian expatriate sportspeople in France
Russian rugby league players
Russian rugby union players
Sportspeople from Moscow
Sale Sharks players


Holy Week in Spain is the annual tribute of the Passion of Jesus Christ celebrated by Catholic religious brotherhoods (Spanish: hermandad) and fraternities that perform penance processions on the streets of almost every Spanish city and town during the Holy Week –the last week of Lent, immediately before Easter–.

Description
Spain is known especially for its Holy Week traditions or Semana Santa. The celebration of Holy Week regarding popular piety relies almost exclusively on the processions of the brotherhoods or fraternities. These associations have their origins in the Middle Ages, but a number of them were created during the Baroque Period, inspired by the Counterreformation and also during the 20th and 21st centuries. The membership is usually open to any Catholic person and family tradition is an important element to become a member or "brother" (hermano).

Some major differences between Spanish regions are perceivable in these processions: Holy Week sees its most glamorous celebrations in Andalusia, especially in Jerez de la Frontera, Granada, Málaga and Seville, while those of Castile and León see the more sombre and solemn processions in Zamora, León and Valladolid.

A common feature in Spain is the almost general usage of the nazareno or penitential robe for some of the participants in the processions. This garment consists of a tunic, a hood with conical tip (capirote) used to conceal the face of the wearer, and sometimes a cloak. The exact colors and forms of these robes depend on the particular procession. The robes were widely used in the medieval period for penitents, who could demonstrate their penance while still masking their identity.  These nazarenos carry processional candles or rough-hewn wooden crosses, may walk the city streets barefoot, and, in some places may carry shackles and chains on their feet as penance.
In some areas, sections of the participants wear dress freely inspired by the uniforms of the Roman Legion.

The other common feature is that every brotherhood carries magnificent Pasos or floats with sculptures that depict different scenes from the gospels related to the Passion of Christ or the Sorrows of Virgin Mary. Many of these floats are art pieces created by Spanish artists such as Gregorio Fernandez, Juan de Mesa, Martínez Montañés or Mariano Benlliure. Brotherhoods have owned and preserved these "pasos" for centuries in some cases. Usually, the "pasos" are accompanied by Marching bands performing "Marchas procesionales" a specific type of compositions, devoted to the images and fraternities.

Tourism
The Holy Week is not only a religious, cultural and social event but a touristic one. Many visitors from inside and outside Spain travel to attend the crowded processions. Every year, many hand guides are released, including timetables, routes and pasos of every procession so visitors can easily follow the celebrations.

The General Secretariat of Tourism of the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism of the Government of Spain grants the honorary distinction of Fiesta of International Tourist Interest to those celebrations with international projection and they are promoted in major international fairs, television and press. The Secretariat also grant the distinction of Fiesta of National Tourist Interest at the national level and the different regional governments also grant similar distinctions at the regional level.

Holy Week in Andalusia
During Holy Week in Andalusia, Malaga (1980), Granada (2009) and Seville (1980) are declared of International Tourist Interest. Holy Week in Jerez de la Frontera (1993), Cabra (1989), Río Gordo (1997), Baena (2001) and Almería (2017) are of National Tourist Interest. In another Range are those declared only of tourist Interest by the Secretary of State of the Government of Spain, which falls within the Holy Week of Arcos de la Frontera (1980), Puente Genil (1980), Baeza (1980), Ubeda (1980), Jaen (1981) and Huercal Overa (1983). At the next level comes the turn of those declared of regional tourist interest by the Andalusian Government, which are Córdoba, Ecija, Ayamonte, Antequera, Castro del Río, Marchena, Huelva, Utrera, Lucena and dozens of other Andalusian municipalities.

Almeria
There are, in total, 26 brotherhoods in Almeria and "pre-brotherhoods". The most important brotherhoods are; "La Estrella" "Prendimiento" and "Estudiantes". The Holy Week in Almería was declared of National Tourist Interest in 2017.

Cádiz
Cádiz's Holy Week has an artistic heritage stemming from important sculptors such as Miguel Láinez Capote and Jacinto Pimentel, incorporating the special importance of Genoese imagery. The thirty-one brotherhoods of the city march along streets of the historic center among eighteenth-century style buildings. When carrying their floats, the brotherhoods of Cádiz use a shoulder-to-shoulder technique which is unique from other locations.

Jerez de la Frontera

The Holy Week of Jerez de la Frontera stands out for being one of the most important in Andalusia in terms of number of brotherhoods, quality in its carvings and iconographic sets. Its forty-five brotherhoods of penance fill the week from The Saturday of Passion to Easter Sunday with content befitting the historical roots of the celebration.
Holy Week in Jerez has a rich historical and artistic cultural heritage since the most renowned image makers, carvers, goldsmiths and embroiderers of recent centuries have contributed to making it, leaving behind a large legacy.

Every year it has corners especially dedicated to the saeta that catalyzes the enormous cultural heritage of this way of understanding this flamenco art.
This results in a Holy Week with its own idiosyncrasy, which unites imagery of high quality, and a magnificent collection of artifacts, some of which come from the first Sevillian processional school, renovated in its day, with final destination in Jerez. This produces processions with distinct flavors, which still retain the aura with which they were conceived, and that inherit from history the design, goldsmithing and embroidery of the great masters.
All these things, together with the high number of brotherhoods, and the presence of the flamenco saeta, make this Holy Week one of the most relevant in Andalusia and Spain.

The brotherhoods arrive at the Cathedral by an official route. Jerez de la Frontera has the longest official route in Spain, . Jerez de la Frontera has its own Diocese, independent of that of Cádiz-Ceuta, so although it belongs to the province of Cádiz, it must be studied individually as another Diocese. The Holy Week in Jerez was declared of National Tourist Interest in 1993.

Córdoba
Córdoba holds one of the most popular Holy Week in Andalusia. thirty-seven brotherhoods take part in processions with elaborate "pasos" which represents the scenes of the events of The Passion of Christ.

Granada

Although there were processions from Granada in the 16th and 17th centuries, it was at the beginning of the 20th century when this tradition was extended and consolidated. Thirty-two fraternities and thirty-four Nazarene courts participate.
The Royal Federation of Brotherhoods and Brotherhoods of Granada is the body in charge of the regulation of the set of brotherhoods of the city.

In this city Christian brotherhoods and institutions were created from the taking of Granada in 1492. The processions will be extended in the sixteenth century with the Counter-Reformation and there will also be some in the XVII. However, the bulk of the brotherhoods they were founded from the beginning of the 20th century.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the archbishop's support and the resurgence of the local bourgeoisie led to a boom in Holy Week. This revival began in 1996 with the procession of the Holy Great Burial. In the 1920s, seven new churches were founded brotherhoods of penance. In 1927 the Federation of Brotherhoods of Granada was created, in a similar way to the Association of Brotherhoods of Málaga created in 1921.

In 1936 Federico García Lorca wrote a narrative for Unión Radio about Holy Week in Granada. Since 1970 this tradition has suffered a certain decline, although it will recover from 1977. It was declared of International Tourist Interest in 2009.

Málaga

Over 500 years, Holy Week of Málaga has been constantly present in the religious and popular feeling of people from Málaga. The Holy Week religious celebrations in Málaga are famous countrywide. Processions start on Palm Sunday and continue until Easter Sunday with the most dramatic and solemn on Maundy Thursday and Good Friday. Images from the Passion on huge ornate "tronos" (floats or thrones) some weighing more than  and carried by more than 250 members of Nuestra Señora de la Esperanza, shape the processions that go through the streets with penitents dressed in long purple robes, often with pointed hats, followed by women in black carrying candles. Drums and trumpets play solemn music and occasionally someone spontaneously sings a mournful saeta dedicated to the floats as it makes its way slowly round the streets.

The Baroque taste of the religious brotherhoods and associations, along with the great amount of processional materials that they have been accumulating for centuries, result in a street stage of exuberant art, full of color and majesty. Many brotherhoods were affected by the burning churches in 1931 and an important part of their heritage was destroyed (i.e. trousseaus, imagery, and other equipment) during the Spanish Civil War. In the years following it, revival was slow but it recovered with much greater numbers than before. Also, by the 1970s, Cofradías nuevas began to be formed in the city, and some old brotherhoods which had been forgotten, were reorganized by young people as: Salud, Descendimiento, Monte Calvario and many more others to adapt to the changing times.

Every year, the Passion Week in Málaga takes out to the streets a real festival perceptible by the five senses: processional thrones carrying images that sway all along the entire route, thousands of penitents lighting and giving colour with their candles and robes, processional marches, as well as aromas of incense and flowers filling the air as the processions pass by and thousands of people crowded to see and applaud their favorite tronos.

Holy Week in Málaga is very different from that celebrated in other Andalusian or Spanish places, and those who go to Málaga for the first time will be surprised, as the Passion Week there is not lived with meditation and silence, but it is full of happiness, noise, cheer, spontaneous saetas (flamenco verses sung at the processions) and applause as the images pass by.

Some tronos (floats) of Holy Week of Málaga are so huge that they must be housed in other places different from the churches, as they are taller than the entrance doors: real walking chapels of over 5,000 kilos carried by dozens of bearers. There are also military parades playing processional marches or singing their anthems along the route. All of this does not imply a lack of religiosity (nor the opposite though, since not few of the participants consider themselves lapsed catholics), but it is just the particular way that many people from Málaga live their faith, folkloric gustoes and/or feelings during the Holy Week. One of these military celebrations is that of the Spanish Legion, which parades the image of Christ of the Good Death together with the Legion's own military band and Honor guard on Maundy Thursday, very popular among tourists, locals, and military veterans. It was declared of International Tourist Interest in 1980.

Seville

Seville arguably holds some of the most elaborate processions for Holy Week. The tradition dates from Counter Reformation times, or even earlier. The "Semana Santa de Sevilla" is notable for featuring the procession of "pasos", lifelike painted wooden sculptures of individual scenes of the events that happened between Jesus' entry in Jerusalem and his burial, or images of the Virgin Mary showing restrained grief for the torture and killing of her son. Some of the images are artistic masterworks of great antiquity. One of the Most Popular and Beautiful Image of the Virgin Mary depicting her Sorrows is the Nuestra Señora de la Esperanza de Triana, "La Reina y Señora de Sevilla" (The Queen and Lady of Seville)
These "pasos" (which usually weigh over a metric ton) are physically carried on the neck of costaleros (literally "sack men", for their distinctive -and functional- headdress). The "costaleros" (from twenty-four to forty-eight) are hidden inside the platform of the "paso", so it seems to walk alone. Historically dock workers were hired to carry the "pasos". From 1973 onward, that task has been universally taken over by the members of the confraternities who organize each procession. It was declared of International Tourist Interest in 1980.

Holy Week in Castile and León

León

Holy Week processions in León are also very popular, with more than 15,000 penitents (called papones, in Leonese language) on the streets. Processions begin on "Viernes de Dolores" (the Friday in the week before Holy Week) and last until Easter Sunday. The most solemn and famous procession is the "", also known as the "" (Procession of the Meeting). During this nine-hour marathon procession, about 4,000 penitents carry thirteen "pasos" around all the city. The most solemn moment is  (The Meeting) when the pasos representing Saint John and La Dolorosa face one to the other and are "" (penitents move the paso as if Saint John and La Dolorosa were dancing).

Also famous is a secular procession, called Entierro de Genarín, the "Burial of Genarín". In 1929 on Holy Thursday night, a poor alcoholic called Genaro Blanco was run over by the first rubbish truck in León.  The procession consists of a march through the city bearing Orujo at the head of the procession; at the spot by the face of the city walls where the man was run over a bottle of Orujo and twenty-seven oranges are left in commemoration. The Holy Week in Leon was declared of International Tourist Interest in 2002.

Salamanca

Salamanca has one of the oldest celebrations in Spain. The earliest penance processions can be traced back to 1240. Three are the characteristics that make Holy Week in Salamanca unique: The monumental background provided by the Old City, declared UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988, the quality of the images and pasos, created by important Spanish artist such as Luis Salvador Carmona or Mariano Benlliure and the links with the University of Salamanca, the oldest institution of its kind in the country.

10,000 penitents associated to eighteen brotherhoods organize twenty-four processions that walk the streets of the center carrying forty-three pasos from Friday of Sorrows to Easter Sunday. The Holy Week in Salamanca was declared of International Tourist Interest in 2003.

Valladolid

The Holy Week in Valladolid holds one of the best known Catholic traditions in Valladolid. The Good Friday processions are considered an exquisite and rich display of Castilian religious sculpture. On this day, in the morning, members of the brotherhoods on horseback make a poetic proclamation throughout the city. The "Sermon of the Seven Words" is spoken in Plaza Mayor Square. In the afternoon, thousands of people take part in the Passion Procession, comprising thirty-one pasos (religious statues), most of which date from the 16th and 17th centuries, by artists like Juan de Juni or Gregorio Fernández. The last statue in the procession is the Virgen de las Angustias, and her return to the church is one of the most emotional moments of the celebrations, with the Salve Popular sung in her honour.

Holy Week is one of the most spectacular and emotional fiestas in Valladolid. Religious devotion, art, colour and music combine in acts to commemorate the death of Jesus Christ: the processions. Members of the different Easter brotherhoods, dressed in their characteristic robes, parade through the streets carrying religious statues (pasos) to the sound of drums and music.

The National Sculpture Museum of the city gives a total of 104 images (distributed in the corresponding pasos) to the processions, such as fact museum unique in Spain. As a reflection of its importance, is considered a Fiesta of International Tourist Interest since 1981.

Zamora

Zamora has the oldest celebrations in Spain. The earliest penance processions can be traced back to 1179.
Holy Week in Zamora is celebrated by sixteen sisterhoods and fraternities that perform seventeen penance processions on the streets of the old city. Thousands of penitents walk the streets while the processions are attended by a crowd of locals and visitors. Zamora increases its population five times, up to 300,000 people during the festival.

The singularities of this celebration include the medieval set up of some of the parades where the brotherhoods use monk´s robes instead of the most usual nazareno´s conical hat, torch fire instead of candles or male choirs instead of marching bands. The Holy Week in Zamora was declared of International Tourist Interest in 1986.

Holy Week in the Region of Murcia

Cartagena

The processions in Cartagena do not closely resemble others in Spain due to their strict order and unique characteristics.

Every brotherhood is divided into smaller groups ("agrupaciones"), each in charge of one of the floats in the procession. The members of the group are all clad in the same colours and wear a robe, a sash around the waist, a cloak, a high pointed hood to cover their heads and faces, and sandals.

Each float is preceded at the front by a richly embroidered standard ("estandarte"), carried by three members of the group and followed by two symmetrical lines of members, who march and stop in unison to the beat of drums. When they stop, they all remain absolutely still and in total silence.  Their military-like discipline may have earned their nickname of "tercio", a word which broadly means "regiment".

At the rear of the "tercio" come a music band and the drummers, and then the trono made of artistically carved gilded or painted wood. Some of these floats move on wheels whereas others are carried on the shoulders of hundreds of "portapasos" (or float-carriers), who also march to the rhythmic beat of the drums.

On the top of the float you can see the processional images, polychrome wooden sculptures which are displayed either separately or in groups. The images include works by classic artists such as Francisco Salzillo, José Capuz, Juan González Moreno, Mariano Benlliure, or Federico Coullaut-Valera as well as others by contemporary sculptors. Unlike in other cities, in Cartagena the order of the floats in the procession follows the chronological order of the events narrated in the Gospels.

The images are surrounded by "cartelas", a kind of electric candelabra or sometimes a sort of upside-down chandeliers, fixed to the float and decorated with colourful and intricate floral arrangements.

Also unique in Cartagena are the infantry companies ("piquetes") at the rear of the main processions, escorting the float of St. Mary which, under popular Marian advocations such as Our Lady of Sorrows or Our Lady of Solitude, usually closes the procession.

The processions in Cartagena are organized by four brotherhoods:
 The penitential brotherhood of the Most Holy Christ of Succour leads the prayer of the Stations of the Cross (via crucis) around the city on the early hours of Friday of Passion Week (the Friday before Good Friday), when the festivity of the Patron Saint of the city, Our Lady of The Seven Sorrows, takes place. The colour of this brotherhood is black.
 The brotherhood of the Hour of Our Lord Jesus´ Arrest (known as "Californios") organises the processions that take place on the evening of Friday of Passion Week, on Holy Tuesday and Holy Wednesday and on Maundy Thursday. The colour of this brotherhood is red.
 The brotherhood of Our Lord Jesus of Nazareth (known as Marrajos) is in charge of the processions held on Holy Monday, on the early hours of Good Friday, in the evening of Good Friday and on Holy Saturday. The colour of this brotherhood is purple.
 The brotherhood of Our Lord Jesus Resurrected (known as Resucitados) organises the procession on the morning of Easter Sunday. The colour of this brotherhood is white.

Given its role as the historical home of the Spanish Navy, every year on Holy Tuesday the Spanish Navy Marines send a delegation to the procession on that day. The Holy Week of Cartagena had the rank of International Tourist Interest since 2005.

Cieza
The Holy Week in Cieza was declared of International Tourist Interest in 2023.

Mula
The Noche de los Tambores is celebrated on Tuesday during Holy Week celebrations in Mula, when at midnight thousands of people play the drums when the bell rings, preceded by a trumpet song. Declared of National Touristic Interest, it is a tradition born after the banning of playing drums and other instruments during Holy Week celebrations out of the "procession" hours, by the Catholic local authorities in the 19th century. Drummers, known as "Tamboristas", continue playing on Good Friday and Easter Sunday.

Lorca
Holy Week in Lorca is one of the most important demonstrations of celebration of Holy Week in Spain. Regardless of the existence of religious processions in the traditional way, are the Bible Parades Passionate dotting the Easter lorquina of a unique and different, with representations of the Old Testament or the Christian symbolism or with the participation of horses and chariots and floats of enormous dimensions. The embroidered silk are also a prominent feature of Lorca processions, marked by an extraordinary rivalry between two of its fraternities or steps, the Blue and White.

The most important step is the Royal and Illustrious Confraternity of Our Lady of the Rosary (White Pass) is traditionally considered going back to the 15th century, although the oldest documents referring to the same date of 1599.  Its owner is the virgin of bitterness known as the beautiful, which is carried on Good Friday in a golden throne carried by over 130 people.  The White Pass has over 1,500 embroideries in silk and gold.  The other step is Brotherhood of Farmers Lorca (blue pass).  Holder is Our Lady of Sorrows, and also embroidered in silk and gold.

Holy Week in Galicia

Ferrol
Ferrol's Holy Week is one of the two main celebrations of this type in Galicia. Since Palm Sunday to Easter Sunday 25 processions go over the three oldest neighborhoods of the town organized by 5 different "cofradías." This processions are composed by "tronos" which carry statues of Christ, the Virgin Mary and other saints on them. These tronos are richly adorned with golden and silver, and decorated with numerous flowers. These statues are accompanied by devotees wearing habits and capirotes and carrying candles. These people are commonly called "capuchones." Moreover, the processions are also accompanied by music played by brass bands.

During the celebrations of Ferrol's Holy Week, the town receives thousands of tourists and the environment is warm and friendly. Furthermore, a lot of complementary activities are programmed during all the week.
  It is a Fiesta of International Tourist Interest since 2014 and of National Tourist Interest before that, since 1995.

Viveiro

Holy Week in Viveiro is one of the best known religious events within Galicia. This week features the procession of pasos, floats of lifelike wooden sculptures of individual scenes of the events of the Passion, or images of the Virgin Mary showing restrained grief for the torture and killing of her son. Some of the sculptures are of great antiquity and are considered artistic masterpieces, as well as being culturally and spiritually important to the local Catholic population.

During Holy Week, the city is crowded with residents and visitors, drawn by the spectacle and atmosphere. The impact is particularly strong for the Catholic community. The processions are organised by hermandades and cofradías, religious brotherhoods. During the processions, members precede the pasos, dressed in penitential robes. They may also be accompanied by brass bands.

The processions work along a designated route from their home churches and chapels, usually via a central viewing area and back. As of 2011, a total of fifteen processions are scheduled for the week, from the previous Friday to Palm Sunday through to Easter Sunday morning. It is considered as a International Tourist Interest since 2013.

Holy Week in the Canary Islands

San Cristóbal de La Laguna

Holy Week in San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Tenerife), is the largest of the Canary Islands. Holy Week has steps of great historical and artistic value, such as the Cristo de La Laguna, accompanied by their guilds, some of them centuries old and which adopted the use of the hood in the nineteenth century, ride on the wheeled carts streets of the city.

La Orotava
It is one of the most important religious events in the city of northern Tenerife. A chain of fervors and evocations that collect in a mystical and self-absorbed way the celebration of the Death and Resurrection of Christ, a tradition that is part of the local religiosity and culture. Two days stand out in Holy Week in La Orotava: Holy Thursday with the Procession of the Mandate, and Good Friday, with the Procession of the Encounter.

Santa Cruz de Tenerife
The origin of Holy Week in the city and municipality of Santa Cruz de Tenerife dates back to the conquest of the island of Tenerife in the fifteenth century. Due to being a relatively large municipality, we can find many and varied celebrations both in the city center and in the outlying neighborhoods. The procession of Holy Tuesday of the Señor de las Tribulaciones and that of Holy Thursday of "La Macarena" stand out.

Santa Cruz de La Palma

Holy Week is commemorated each year in Santa Cruz de La Palma. It is one of the oldest festivities in the island of La Palma, and is the most significant public religious event that takes place in the city, except for the Lustral Festivity of the Bajada de la Virgen. In 2014 it was declared a Fiesta of Tourist Interest in the Canary Islands.

Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria's Holy Week it is the most important Holy Week on the island of Gran Canaria. Here the processions of Good Friday stand out, such as the Magna Procession and the Procession of the Our Lady of Solitude.

Other Holy Week celebrations in Spain

Andalucia
 Almería
 Aracena
 Baeza
 Cádiz
 Córdoba
 Granada
 Huelva
 Jaén
 Jerez de la Frontera
 Lebrija, see Lebrija: Holy Week
 Linares
 Málaga, see Holy Week in Málaga
 Seville, see Holy Week in Seville
 Écija

Asturias
 Oviedo
 Avilés
 Gijón
 Luanco
 Luarca
 Villaviciosa
 Candás
 Llanes
 Infiesto

Basque Country
 Bilbao
 Balmaseda

Castile and León
 Ávila
 León
 Palencia
 Salamanca, see Holy Week in Salamanca
 Valladolid, see Holy Week in Valladolid
 Zamora, see Holy Week in Zamora

Navarra
 Pamplona Hermandad de la Pasión de Nuestro Señor Jesucristo

Castile-La Mancha
 Cuenca, see Holy Week in Cuenca
Hellin
 Tobarra
 Toledo Toledo Interactivo

Catalonia
 Hospitalet de Llobregat
 Tarragona
 Barcelona

Community of Madrid
 Alcalá de Henares
 Madrid

Extremadura
 Badajoz
 Cáceres
 Mérida
 Montijo

Galicia
 Viveiro, see Holy Week in Viveiro
 Ferrol.

Murcia

 Cartagena, Spain
 Lorca, Spain
 Moratalla, see Moratalla: Holy Week
 Mula, with a very exciting "Tamborada" on Tuesday late at night
 Murcia

Valencian Community
 Alicante
 Elche
 Llíria
 Monòver
 Orihuela

Canary Islands
 La Orotava
 Los Realejos
 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, see Holy Week in San Cristóbal de La Laguna
 Santa Cruz de Tenerife
 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
 Santa Cruz de La Palma

Ceuta & Melilla
 Ceuta
 Melilla

Holy Week in the Spanish culture
Many Spanish artists have included, recreated or used the Holy Week as a background in their creations, such as paintings, music, literature or movies, reflecting the cultural and social importance of these events. Painter Zuloaga, writers Antonio Machado and Federico García Lorca, composer Joaquin Turina and filmmaker Mateo Gil are some examples.

See also
Catholic Church in Spain
Holy Week
Holy Week in Mexico
Holy Week in the Philippines
Holy Week procession

References

External links

 Holy Week in Córdoba
 Holy Week in Córdoba
 Holy Week in Málaga

Catholic holy days
Spain
Spain


The Goof, officially the Garden Gate Restaurant, is a well known eatery in the Beaches neighbourhood of Toronto. Founded in 1952, it serves Canadian Chinese cuisine as well as diner fare such as breakfast and hamburgers. Its nickname comes from the restaurant's neon sign. The word "good" is vertical on the sign and "food" horizontal, so when at some point in its history the "d" in "good" burnt out, it read "Goo F". It is today near universally referred to as The Goof by media and locals, while the official name remains Garden Gate.

After remaining almost unchanged for more than 50 years, the Goof was thoroughly renovated in 2006. The 1950s decor, including the jukeboxes, was removed and a modernist interior, done by local designer Bennett Lo, was put in place. The menu remained unchanged, as did the well known sign outside. Another well known fixture was waiter Hazel Hoeg, who announced her retirement in 2020, having worked at the restaurant since it opened in 1952, a span of 68 years.  The restaurant is today owned by Keith Chau, who purchased it in the early 1990s.

In 2017 they updated their webspace to include a unique online ordering application.

The restaurant has also been a filming location for two movies: Frequency with Dennis Quaid and Angel Eyes with Jennifer Lopez.

The song "Pinch Me" by Toronto/Scarborough band Barenaked Ladies makes reference to The Goof with these lines "there's a restaurant down the street/where hungry people like to eat."

References
"Same name, but a different Goof." Jim Coyle. Toronto Star.. Mar 18, 2006. pg. B.03
"Loyal Goof fans rejoice as Beach eatery reopens." Gabe Gonda. Toronto Star. Jan 23, 2006. pg. B.04
The Garden Gate Restaurant a.k.a. "The Goof" – Good Food in the Beach since 1952
Garden Gate: 'The Goof' the Beaches Love
"They're goofing with the Goof Makeover making waves in the Beach." Jessica Leeder. Toronto Star. Oct 29, 2005. pg. B.05

Restaurants in Toronto


The Skaneateles Short Line Railroad was a railroad that operated between Skaneateles Junction, New York and Skaneateles, New York under several slightly different names from 1840 until 1981.

History

The original Skaneateles Railroad was chartered in 1836 to build a connection from Skaneateles to the Auburn and Syracuse Railroad, a forerunner of the New York Central Railroad, which had bypassed the village. This railroad opened on September 30, 1840. It was a comparatively primitive affair, with wooden rails and horse-drawn trains. The company failed and went bankrupt on August 24, 1850. The tracks were abandoned; the wooden rails were repurposed as building materials.

Following the Civil War locals revived the idea of a railroad, led by Joel Thayer. The second Skaneateles Railroad was incorporated on April 17, 1866, and opened on October 1, 1867. Like its predecessor, it ran  north from Skaneateles and connected with the New York Central (as it now was) at Skaneateles Junction. The railroad saw substantial tourist traffic bound for Skaneateles Lake and beginning in 1871 owned an interest in the steamboat operations on the lake. It later owned and operated several boats of its own before selling the business to the Auburn and Syracuse Electric Railroad. Freight and passenger business slumped in the 1920s. Passenger service ended altogether in 1932. The closure of the US Gypsum plant in Skaneateles Falls led the company to abandon operations on February 7, 1940.

Again, local citizens revived the railroad, this time as the Skaneateles Short Line Railroad. The new company was incorporated on October 15, 1940, and began operations on April 17, 1941. The company dieselized in 1950, acquiring a GE 44-ton switcher. The closure of a mill in Skaneateles in 1969 led the railroad to abandon the track between the village and Skaneateles Falls, a distance of . This left the Stauffer Chemical Company as the railroad's sole customer. In 1974 Stauffer acquired the railroad. The railroad discontinued operations on July 15, 1981, and was later abandoned. Portions of the former right-of-way are part of the Charlie Major Nature Trail.

Notes

References

External links

 Charlie Major Nature Trail

Defunct New York (state) railroads
Railway companies established in 1836
Railway companies established in 1866
Railway companies established in 1941
Railway companies disestablished in 1850
Railway companies disestablished in 1940
Railway companies disestablished in 1981
1836 establishments in New York (state)
American companies established in 1941


Anayo is one of 24 parishes (administrative divisions) in Piloña, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 128 (INE 2011).

Villages and hamlets
 Capareda (Caparea)
 Fresnosa
 Llares
 Robledo (Robleu)
 Colluenzo
 La Cuesta Villar
 Fuentes
 Pedraces

References

Parishes in Piloña


Dean W. Zimmerman is an American professor of philosophy at Rutgers University specializing in metaphysics and philosophy of religion.

Education and career

Zimmerman received his bachelor's degree from Mankato State University in 1987 in French, philosophy, and English. He went on to receive a Master of Arts degree from Brown University in 1990 and then a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the same institution in 1992, where he worked with Jaegwon Kim and Roderick Chisholm. He taught at the University of Notre Dame and Syracuse University prior to joining Rutgers University, where he is also now Director of the Rutgers Center for the Philosophy of Religion. Zimmerman was hired to Rutgers at the same time as John Hawthorne and Ted Sider. Zimmerman is a Christian and a member of the Society of Christian Philosophers.  He also serves on the board of advisors of the Marc Sanders Foundation, which awards prizes for outstanding work in philosophy.

Philosophical work

Zimmerman is an influential figure in contemporary metaphysics, and has worked on issues in the philosophy of time, on personhood and material constitution, the metaphysics of mind. In philosophy of religion, Zimmerman has worked on divine foreknowledge and human free will, and God and time.

He is also a keyboardist for the band Jigs and the Pigs.

Selected publications
 Metaphysics: The Big Questions co-edited with Peter van Inwagen (Blackwell, 1st ed. 1998, 2nd ed. 2008)
 The Oxford Handbook of Metaphysics co-edited with Michael Loux  (OUP, 2003)
 Persons: Human and Divine co-edited with Peter van Inwagen (OUP, 2007)
 Contemporary Debates in Metaphysics co-edited with Ted Sider and John Hawthorne (Blackwell, 2008)
 Oxford Studies in Metaphysics co-edited with Karen Bennett (OUP, 2008–2014)
 God in an Open Universe co-edited with William Hasker and Thomas Jay Oord (Pickwick, 2011)

See also
 American philosophy
 List of American philosophers

References

20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
American Christian writers
Analytic philosophers
Christian philosophers
Philosophers of religion
Metaphysicians
Rutgers University faculty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Minnesota State University, Mankato alumni
Brown University Graduate School alumni
Analytic theologians