La Palabra (born Rodolfo M. Foster in  Caimanera, Cuba) is an American bandleader,  singer-songwriter,  pianist,  record producer, and  arranger, known for his versatile approach to music, particularly his invention of the Salsa romantica Latin music genre and his signature style of Afro-Cuban-influenced, sensual Latin jazz.

Early years

La Palabra was born and raised in the small coastal town of Caimanera, Cuba.  He loved music from an early age and grew up listening to Cuban artists like Orquesta Aragón, Estrellas Cubanas Orquesta, Pello el Afrokán (Pedro Izquierdo), Tata Guines, and Félix Chappottín.  He was exposed to all genres of Cuban music -- charanga, son, danzón, cha-cha-cha, bolero, bolero-cha, rumba, sipisón, mozambique, paca, joropo, changüí, mozan-cha, guaguancó, and early Afro-Cuban jazz precursors to salsa.

At the age of 11, La Palabra began taking piano lessons from his grandmother and, inspired by Neno Gonzalez's song "El Café," was soon writing his own arrangements.  After winning an amateur musical competition judged by representatives from the Department of Education, he was invited to attend a state-controlled school of music in Havana. La Palabra's grandmother turned down the opportunity down out of fear that La Palabra would be unable to leave Fidel Castro's post-revolutionary Cuba if he became a student at the state music conservatory.  The almost constant flow of music, musicians, and tourists to and from the U.S. and Cuba that had taken place since the 1930s and 1940s  was quickly halted.  A few years later La Palabra's family successfully obtained their official visas to leave Cuba.  He moved to New York City with his sister, aunt, and uncle in 1966.

In New York La Palabra entered the music scene by joining the sextet Lalo y La New Yorkina and played piano on their first single,  "Rompe Tu Pared," with Hector Casanova on vocals.  La Palabra continued playing with Lalo y La New Yorkina for two more years until 1968, when his mother decided to move the family to Detroit. He witnessed the cultural upheaval taking place in American society and in music -- hippie psychedelia, New York salsa, anti-Vietnam War anthems, Berry Gordy's Motown artists, the closely knit Detroit jazz community, Detroit-born Chicago blues singers (John Lee Hooker, Sonny Boy Williamson) even the occasional Latin artist (Joe Cuba) on American Bandstand.

As a student of Cooley High School in Detroit, La Palabra became involved with as many aspects of the music department as possible and, most importantly, founded the school's first integrated band, The Blazers, which beat The Sons of Soul out of first place at the 1969 Michigan State Fair (where The Jackson Five was the main act) with their compelling performance of "Son of Ice Bag." The Sons of Soul drummer at the time was Ricky Lawson, who later moved to Los Angeles to become a studio musician and played on Michael Jackson's Thriller.  While La Palabra found regular work playing high-powered R&B cover tunes by Hugh Masakela, Chicago, Tower of Power, B.B. King and Hubert Laws, he began writing his first romantic song arrangements, lyrics and orchestrations, including his first-to-be-recorded salsa song "Amor de Juventud," which was later recorded by Ricardo Lemvo in the early 1980s.

By 1974 La Palabra had outgrown the high school music scene and began playing at El Sol Supper Club in Detroit. The 18-year-old performer and arranger dazzled audiences week after week with his quick-finger piano playing and romantic Spanish ballad-style singing of English cover tunes, delivered  with  Palabra's own mixture of Cuban guaguanco, salsa, soul, and rock and roll. One of his sidemen at El Sol was trumpeter Marcus Belgrave; another regular sideman was the young percussionist Humberto "El Nengue" Hernandez, also born in Cuba and later to become a Mongo Santamaria sideman.

For the next several years, La Palabra continued playing the Detroit club circuit, alternating between Stanley Mitchell and the People's Choice, Brainstorm (featuring violinist Regina Carter), the Five Specials, and Norma Belle and the All Stars, while sharing the circuit with Earl Klugh, Chapter 7 (with lead singer Anita Baker,) Dennis Coffey, Lyman Woodard, and the Organization. In 1977, La Palabra went on tour with Brainstorm (who later appeared on Soul Train) and the Five Specials. The tour included Kool and the Gang, the Average White Band, and Fat Back Band. Following the tour La Palabra joined Norma Belle's band, with whom he played until 1979.

Godfather of Romantic Salsa

Stevie Wonder's band members saw La Palabra performing in Norma Belle's band in Detroit, Michigan and immediately recommended him to Wonder.  In September 1979 Wonder invited La Palabra to move to Los Angeles to join Phoenix Rising, the band Wonder was planning to assemble and produce. La Palabra viewed the chance to work for Stevie Wonder as a launching pad for his career and immediately headed to the West Coast, only to discover that the project was still only in the early planning stages.  Without a job or record deal of his own, La Palabra began playing piano at local gigs with various Los Angeles groups.

Several months later, in 1980, American pop singer Lionel Richie achieved massive widespread success with his hit single "Lady," while Spanish balladeers Roberto Carlos and Emanuel reached the top of the Latin charts with their respective hits "Cama y Mesa" and "Todo Se Derrumbo." La Palabra, caught up in this romantic movement in music, began experimenting combining his native Cuban rhythms and American pop music.  He created a new genre of Latin music that combined sexually charged romanticism with high energy salsa, which he named Ballada en Salsa (later renamed and marketed as romantic salsa or salsa romántica by major record labels).

In December 1979 La Palabra partnered with Jesús "El Niño" Alejandro Perez to form Orquesta Versalles.  La Palabra and "El Niño" showcased their new arrangements weekly, packing such popular nightclubs as Club Candilejas in Los Angeles, Club Riviera in Eagle Rock, and the Marina Hotel in Las Vegas. In early 1981 La Palabra (working as Fito Foster) and El Niño released a single as Orquesta Versalles (a.k.a. Orquesta Candilejas), with El Niño's arrangement of "Me Voy Pa’ Puerto Rico" on side A and La Palabra's arrangement of "Todo Se Derrumbo" on Side B. "Todo Se Derrumbo" became such a hit that Orquesta Versalles club audiences requested Versalles to play it three to four times a night.

"Todo se Derrumbo" attracted the attention of Joni Figueras, a music industry insider, frequent visitor at Club Candilejas, and fan of Versalles and La Palabra's arrangements. Figueras approached La Palabra and suggested that the two of them produce an album of La Palabra's arrangements to introduce the public to Ballada en Salsa / Salsa Romantica. La Palabra was intrigued by the idea but unable to start such a large-scale project while still contracted to work for Stevie Wonder and Phoenix Rising.  Figueras forged ahead with the Salsa Romantica album without him, using musicians Louis Ramirez and Ray de la Paz to record Noche Caliente for K-Tel Records. As a result of one hastily released album, Ramirez and de la Paz were inaccurately called "the pioneers of salsa romantica."

In 1982 Stevie Wonder's team decided to abandon the Phoenix Rising project altogether.  Although it was a disappointment to La Palabra, the official announcement was unsurprising.  He had already been working with other bands since arriving in Los Angeles, and the following year Orquesta Versalles was deemed one of Los Angeles’ pioneering salsa bands.  They released their debut self-titled album on Profono Records (then a division of CBS Records), which contained La Palabra's classic interpretation of Lionel Richie's  "Lady,"  which became an overnight international success in dance clubs.

La Palabra relocated his band to Miami, Florida in 1984, believing the city to be the heartbeat of the Latin music industry. He enjoyed success with Orquesta Versalles there for several months, never fully aware of the impact "Lady" was making on Latin music in the rest of the world. Believing Profono Records failed to meet his expectations, with this album my wife Luz Damaris  Foster (now DeJesus) collaborated with the song"Lady the laugh was it !! even Madonna used her laugh style. She wrote three songs, her first song was "Ya se Fue", second song  "Mi negrita" and "te imaginas" was both lyrics until  La Palabra left the label in 1984.

In 1985 La Palabra, who had been working as "Fito Foster" began to officially use his artistic name, "La Palabra," and formed a new group called Sensation 85 with former members of Versalles.  That year the band released a self-titled debut album featuring Cuban jazz flautist Nestor Torres and Nicaraguan bongo player Luis Enrique on vocals, Enrique's first outing as a salsa singer.

Sensation 85 enjoyed popularity at Miami dance clubs, filling venues such as the Riviera Lounge (later renamed Club Capri), Papa Grande (Big Daddy's), Maxim's Supper Club, the Copacabana, and Salsa 2000.

Even as more and more newcomer Salsa Romantica artists were offered lucrative recording deals with major labels in the late 1980s, including two of his own band members from Sensation 85 (Luis Enrique and Lefty Perez), the genre's creator unjustly remained unsigned.  Understandably disillusioned and devastated, La Palabra left the music industry from 1988 until 1999, when he returned to Los Angeles.

Orquesta La Palabra and Latin Jazz

In late 1999 La Palabra began recording a new album, Rap-A-Salsa, with the help of Chuck Neustein. Halfway through the recording, George Balmaseda, whom La Palabra knew from the Orquesta Versalles days, introduced Mel Morrow of Morrowland Records to Palabra. Morrow, who adored La Palabra's arrangements and his musical style, offered to finance the formation of a band with La Palabra. La Palabra abandoned the  Rap-A-Salsa project and joined Morrow in the formation of the band, Orquesta La Palabra, with George "Babaloo" Balmaseda and Angelo Pagan on vocals.

With Morrow as executive producer, La Palabra and Morrow began the recording of the album On Fire in Los Angeles. The recording reached completion a year later and featured La Palabra's versions of "Todo Se Derrumbo" and "Lady." "Lady" became a major hit once again, being played throughout the United States and abroad including Europe, Asia, Israel, and Latin America, inspiring a new wave of interest among younger fans and sparking new interest in La Palabra.

In 2003, La Palabra recorded the album Breakthrough with Tornillo Records, which included the hit song, "El Tun Tun de Tu Corazon." It maintained the # 1 spot on Colombia radio for 12 consecutive weeks in 2006 and continued to be played on heavy rotation for most of 2007.  Thanks to the song's success, La Palabra toured throughout Latin America and Europe.  His hard-working, old-school showmanship reminded one of Latin jazz bandleaders like Tito Puente. Orquesta La Palabra was invited to perform at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China, including "I'm Going to Shenzhen" (specifically requested by the mayor of Shenzhen) at the opening ceremonies.  La Palabra also played at the Grand Millenium Hotel, China Doll Nightclub, Susie Wong Nightclub, Block 8 Nightclub, the International Salsa Festival, and the 2008 Salsa Congress.

La Palabra fully returned to his Cuban roots in 2009 with the release of Musicholic.  The music he had been writing since meeting Mel Morrow was increasingly heavily influenced by the eclectic rhythms and musical styles he heard as a child and adolescent, as well as the more modern Latin jazz he heard as a teen-ager in New York and Detroit.    His sophisticated style of Afro-Cuban jazz, while unmistakably his own, is in the tradition of Maraca, Mario Bauza and his Afro-Cuban Orchestra, Bebo Valdés, Poncho Sanchez, Oscar D'León, Chucho Valdés (the founder and musical director of Irakere, Cuba's top jazz orchestra), Jerry Gonzalez's Fort Apache jazz group from the late 1970s, early innovator Machito, the spirit of experimentation of Pucho and His Latin Brothers' acid-jazz from the late 1960s, Ray Barretto, and even hints of classic Eddie Palmieri.

Discography
 Earthquake (unreleased), 1974
 "Todo Se Derrumbo" single, 1981
 with Orquesta Versalles:
 with Sensation '85:
 Sensation 85, 1985
 with Orquesta La Palabra:
 On Fire (Morrowland Records), 2000
 Breakthrough (Tornillo Records), 2003
 Musicholic (Tornillo Records), 2009

Sources

"Orquesta  Versalles", Diario Las Americas, June 6, 1984, page 9B.
"Black Cubans: Apart in Two Worlds", The New York Times, December 2, 1987, page 13.
"Calendar Weekend: La Vida Loca", Los Angeles Times, July 1, 1999, page 6.
"Salsa de Hollywood para el Mundo", La Opinion, October 18, 2000, page 6B.
"Palabra and Salsa Romantica", Latin Beat Magazine, October 2001.
"La Palabra Turns a Concept into An Identity", Sabor Magazine, March 2001, page 30.
"Salsa Para Apagar La Luz", Al Borde, September 25, 2003.
"On Deck", Los Angeles WAVE, October 2, 2003.
"Orquesta La Palabra", Billboard, January 17, 2004.
"Palabra's Sound Goes On", Latin Beat Magazine, May 2005, page 29.
"La Palabra: A Taste of Cuba", Estreno de Musica Y Video, December 2005, page 6.
"Salsa De Hollywood Para El Mundo", 20 De Mayo, April 15, 2006, No. 2384.
"La Palabra", Que Pasa Bulletin, April 2006.
"Chango Tiene La Palabra", El Pais (Cali Colombia), August 2, 2006, page D3.
"La Palabra por Primera Vez en Cali", Diario Occidente (Cali Colombia), July 28, 2006, page 20.
"Sazon Cubano en Hollywood", La Voz Libre, November 23, 2006.

1951 births
Living people
21st-century male musicians
21st-century pianists
American jazz composers
American jazz pianists
American songwriters
Cooley High School alumni
Cuban emigrants to the United States
Male jazz composers
Male pianists
Male songwriters
Musicians from Detroit
Salsa music


This is a list of queens of Jerusalem, from 1099 to 1291.

Throughout 200 years of its existence, the Kingdom of Jerusalem had one protector, 18 kings (including 7 jure uxoris) and five queens regnant. Six women were queens consort, i.e. queens as wives of the kings. Some of them were highly influential in the country's history, having ruled as regents for their minor children and heirs, as well as having a great influence over their spouses. Many kings of Jerusalem died unmarried or as children.

Queens regnant of Jerusalem
This is a list of queens regnant of Jerusalem who held to the throne by their own right:''

 Queens consort of Jerusalem

 House of Boulogne, 1099–1118

 House of Rethel, 1118–1153

 House of Anjou, 1143–1205

 House of Aleramici, 1205–1212 None House of Brienne, 1212–1228 None'

House of Hohenstaufen, 1228–1268

House of Lusignan, 1268–1291

See also
Kings of Jerusalem
List of Queens of Cyprus
List of Queens of Armenia
List of Savoyard consorts
List of Neapolitan consorts
Princess of Antioch
List of Latin Empresses

Notes

Jerusalem

Queens regnant of Jerusalem
Queens
Lists of nobility of the Crusader states


Cabestana spengleri, or Spengler's trumpet, is a large predatory sea snail, sometimes called a predatory whelk, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cymatiidae. This species is named after the Danish naturalist Lorenz Spengler.

Description
The length of the shell attains 153 mm.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Zealand (Chatham Island, Kermadec Islands) and Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia).

References

 Anton, H.E. 1838. Verzeichniss der Conchylien welche sich in der Sammlung von Hermann Eduard Anton befinden. Halle : Eduard Anton xvi + 110 pp.
 Iredale, T. 1929. Mollusca from the continental shelf of eastern Australia. No. 2. Records of the Australian Museum 17(4): 157-189, pls 38-41
 Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1–109
 Maxwell, P. A. (2009). Cenozoic Mollusca. Pp 232-254 in Gordon, D. P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch
 Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. Pp 196-219. in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch.
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Glen Pownall, New Zealand Shells and Shellfish, Seven Seas Publishing Pty Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand 1979
 Wilson, B. 1993. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, Western Australia : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 1 408 pp.

External links
 Perry, G. (1811). Conchology, or the natural history of shells: containing a new arrangement of the genera and species, illustrated by coloured engravings executed from the natural specimens, and including the latest discoveries. W. Miller, London, 4 pp. + 61 pls.
 Bernardi (A.C.). (1857). Description d'espèces nouvelles. Journal de Conchyliologie. 6: 53-57
 Adams, A. (1855). Description of twenty-seven new species of shells from the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. (1854) 22: 311-317
 Dillwyn, L. W. (1817). A descriptive catalogue of Recent shells, arranged according to the Linnean method; with particular attention to the synonymy. John and Arthur Arch, London, Vol. 1: 1-580 pp.; Vol. 2: 581-1092 pp. + index

Gastropods of Australia
Gastropods of New Zealand
Cymatiidae
Gastropods described in 1811


Gage Workman Montgomery (2 May 1898 – 5 June 1963) was a Canadian politician and lawyer. Montgomery served as a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Bedell Settlement, New Brunswick and became a barrister and lawyer by career.

He was first elected at the Victoria—Carleton riding in a 26 May 1952 by-election then re-elected there in the 1953, 1957 and 1958 federal elections. Montgomery left the House of Commons after completing his term in the 24th Parliament and did not seek another term in office in the 1962 election.

External links

1898 births
1963 deaths
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from New Brunswick
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Lawyers in New Brunswick


Rubén Oscar Cocimano  (born 5 February 1962 in Quilmes) is an Argentine retired football player.

Club career
Cocimano played for River Plate and Atlanta in the Primera División Argentina. He also spent several seasons with LDU Portoviejo and Deportivo Cuenca in Serie A de Ecuador.

See also
Football in Argentina
List of football clubs in Argentina

References

External links
 Interview with Rubén Oscar Cocimano

1962 births
Living people
Footballers from Quilmes
Argentine men's footballers
Club Atlético River Plate footballers
Club Atlético Atlanta footballers
Atlético Tucumán footballers
Club Atlético Nueva Chicago footballers
Defensa y Justicia footballers
C.D. Cuenca footballers
Argentine Primera División players
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Ecuador
Men's association football midfielders


Harold Blauer (1910 – January 8, 1953) was an American tennis player who died as a result of injections of 450 mg 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (code-named EA-1298) as part of Project MKUltra, a covert CIA mind-control and chemical interrogation research program run by the Office of Scientific Intelligence.

Tennis
Blauer lost in the round before the quarterfinals of the 1935 United States Professional Tennis Tournament 3–6, 3–6, 3–6 to tennis legend (and eventual tournament champion) Bill Tilden.

Death
Blauer checked into the New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI) in late 1952, seeking help for depression following a divorce. While at the facility, he was used as a test subject in experiments conducted by the Army Chemical Corps. The Army had a classified agreement with the psychiatric institute that allowed them to study possible chemical warfare compounds by administering the substances to patients.

Between November 1952 and January 1953, Blauer was given injections of various chemical analogues of mescaline. He was first given relatively low doses of MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine), then DMA (3,4‐dimethoxyamphetamine), MDPEA (3,4‐methylenedioxyphenethylamine) and DMA once again. Blauer requested to withdraw from these treatments because he got strong hallucinations from the injections. Despite this, on December 30, 1952 at 9:53 a.m., he was injected with a fatal dose of 450 milligrams (mg) of MDA. The injection caused sweating, tremors, epileptic seizures and killed him in about 30 minutes.
NYSPI has claimed that the overdose was accidental since the safe doses for these mescaline analogues were based only on a guess.

On the same day as Blauer, another NYSPI patient was injected with MDA. She was given 150 mg instead of the planned 450 mg dose of MDA, because her reaction to MDA "...was so violent that the injection was stopped when it was only one‐third complete."

Followed by the death of Blauer, animal tests were performed in 1953 to find out the LD50 values for the mescaline analogues (MDMA and many other compounds) before some of them were tested on people. This was done, on behalf of the Army Chemical Warfare Corps, in secrecy at the University of Michigan. Dr Maurice H. Seevers, Director of the Department of Pharmacology at Michigan University in Ann Arbor, supervised these tests.

The extent of Blauer's knowledge of the experiment is unclear, and after his death the experiment was covered up by the state of New York, the U.S. government and the CIA for 22 years. In 1987, a United States District Court judge awarded Blauer's estate over $700,000 in a ruling that described Blauer as a "guinea pig" whose medical records had been altered to disguise the actual cause of death.

See also
 Frank Olson

References

Further reading
 Constance Baker Motley, District Judge: OPINION / U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York - 660 F. Supp. 1291 (S.D.N.Y. 1987), May 5, 1987

1910 births
1953 deaths
American male tennis players
Human subject research in the United States
Project MKUltra
Professional tennis players before the Open Era


Cadulus delicatulus is a species of small tusk shell, a marine scaphopod mollusk in the family Gadilidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand.

It can be found from Northland to Fiordland, including the Chatham Rise and Chatham Islands. It lives at depths of between , and in the Milford Sound area between .

References

Scaphopods
Molluscs described in 1913


Cadulus teliger is a species of small tusk shell, a marine scaphopod mollusk in the family Gadilidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand waters.
It can be found from the Three Kings Islands to the Chatham Islands, at depths of between 15 and 360 m, and lives off the Auckland Islands at depths of approximately 170 m.

References

Scaphopods
Molluscs described in 1927
Taxa named by Harold John Finlay


Caecum digitulum is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Caecidae.

References

Further reading
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

Caecidae
Gastropods described in 1904


Lake Calibato is one of the seven crater lakes collectively called Pitong Lawa or Seven Lakes of San Pablo in Laguna province in the Philippines. The lake is situated in Brgy. Sto. Angel in San Pablo City. Calibato has an area of  and maximum depth of . Calibato's maximum water capacity is approximately . Its supplies the city and nearby towns with abundant fish and aquatic plants. The lake is the deepest recorded lake among the seven-lake system; no recorded depths are available for Muhikap.

Legend
It was told that the area was once a valley inhabited by a Diwata (benevolent fairy or nymph) who had wanted to keep her realm free from the intrusion of mankind. Thus, she was angered when people built rocky pathways that criss-crossed her valley. She then caused a strong earthquake and severe storm that transformed her valley into a lagoon.

The villagers living in the surrounding hills were awestruck the following morning, and named the body of water Lake Calibato, taken from the criss-crossing stone pathways of the valley, a portmanteau of Cali (corrupted from the Spanish calle, "street") and the Tagalog Bato ("rock").

References
 The Legend of Lake Calibato
 San Pablo City

External links
Geographic data related to Lake Calibato at OpenStreetMap

Seven Lakes of San Pablo
Volcanic crater lakes
Maars of the Philippines
Volcanic lakes of the Philippines


Calliostoma benthicola is a species of medium-sized deepwater sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Calliostomatidae, the calliostoma top snails.

Some authors place this taxon in the subgenus Calliostoma (Maurea).

Description
The height of the shell attains 26 mm.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Zealand.

References

External links

Further reading
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

benthicola
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1950


was a pyramid scheme run by Ken'ichi Uchimura (). Behind the Tenka Ikka no Kai was the Dai-ichi Sōgo Keizai Kenkyūsho (), run by Uchimura. This organization, established in 1972, once had a million members. It was a cause of the enactment of Japan's law prohibiting pyramid schemes. In 1986 the  Dai-ichi Sōgo Keizai Kenkyūsho declared bankruptcy, leaving debts amounting to 189,600,000,000 yen. It has been called "the biggest pyramid scheme in history."

References

Pyramid and Ponzi schemes
Defunct companies of Japan
Japanese companies disestablished in 1986
Japanese companies established in 1972
Fraud in Japan


Calliostoma blacki, common name Black's maurea, is a medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Calliostomatidae, the calliostoma top snails.

Some authors place this taxon in the subgenus Calliostoma (Maurea).

Description
The size of the shell varies between 30 mm and 60 mm.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Zealand.

References

External links

Further reading
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

blacki
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1950


Calliostoma foveauxanum is a medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Calliostomatidae, the calliostoma top snails.

Some authors place this taxon in the subgenus Calliostoma (Maurea).

Description
The size of the shell varies between 40 mm and 65 mm.

Distribution
This marine shell occurs off New Zealand

References

 Marshall, 1995. A revision of the recent Calliostoma species of New Zealand (Mollusca:Gastropoda:Trochoidea). The Nautilus 108(4):83-127

Further reading
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

External links
 Image of the holotype of the species is here:

foveauxanum
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1950


Calliostoma osbornei, common name Osborn's top shell, is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Calliostomatidae, the calliostoma top snails.

Description
The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 35 mm.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Zealand.

References

 Marshall, 1995. A revision of the recent Calliostoma species of New Zealand (Mollusca:Gastropoda:Trochoidea). The Nautilus 108(4):83-127

External links

Further reading
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

osbornei
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1926


Calliostoma waikanae forsteriana is a subspecies of medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Calliostomatidae, the calliostoma top snails.

Description
The height of the shell attains 45 mm.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Zealand.

References
 Marshall, 1995. A revision of the recent Calliostoma species of New Zealand (Mollusca:Gastropoda:Trochoidea). The Nautilus 108(4):83-127

External links

Further reading
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

waikanae
Gastropods of New Zealand


Calliostoma pellucidum  (pellucid top shell) is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Calliostomatidae, the calliostoma top snails.

Description
The height of the shell varies between 29 mm and 50 mm. The solid, conical shell is imperforate. Its color is yellowish with a few brown obliquely longitudinal streaks, and closely minutely dotted with brown and white on the numerous closely beaded lirae which encircle the whorls. These lirae number about 8-10 on the penultimate whorl, and the same number on the last above the periphery. But owing to the frequent intercalation of lirulae between them, the number is subject to variation. Just at or just below the periphery there is a group of lirulae, closer and smaller than those of the upper surface. The rest of the base is regularly granose-lirate. The spire is longer and more elevated than in Calliostoma punctulatum, and more concave in outline. The apex is acute. The sutures are very slightly impressed. There are about nine, flattened whorls. The body whorl is subangular at the periphery. The rhomboidal aperture is iridescent inside. The columellar margin is arcuate, with a slight tubercle at its base.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Zealand.

References

External links

Further reading
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

pellucidum
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1846


The Afrotainment family of channels is a New York-based network of nine linear television channels and digital properties (AFRO, Afrotainment, Afrotainment Music, Afro Sports, ABO, OUI TV, TV9JA, HAITI HD, YEBO) broadcasting Afro-Centric content in North America. Afrotainment family channels are available on Comcast, DISH Network, Altice USA, Verizon FIOS, Frontier Communications, Bell Fibe, Videotron, Roku, Amazon Fire TV and Apple TV.

History
Afrotainment was created in 2005 by Yves Bollanga, a former IBM Software Engineer and Shafquat Chaudhary  Afrotainment, besides being a company involved in TV transmission, is also a TV production company that creates Afrocentric content: films, scripted and unscripted content, talk-shows, late night comedies, among others. On June 22, 2005, Afrotainment launched 3A TELESUD its first channel on DISH Network. Initial launch on DISH Network was followed by 3 more carriage agreement between 2008 and 2011 for the following TV channels: Afrotainment Movies, Afrotainment Music, TV9JA and OUI TVOn October 13, 2011, Afrotainment Launched its first channel on Cable: Afrotainment Plus, which includes the best of all Afrotainment programming, which includes African movies, Series, reality shows, talk shows, and highly coveted African soccer. Afrotainment Plus is available on IO Africa offering on Channel 1101On September 19, 2013, Afrotainment launched 4 new channels in Canada on Bell Fibe TV.  This agreement marks its first expansion outside of the United States. On December 5, 2014, Afrotainment launched Haiti HD a network targeting the Haitian community on Bell Fibe TV Canada. In August 2015, Afrotainment launched YEBO, an OTT music video on demand app on Amazon Fire TV, Roku, Apple TV. On March 3, 2016, Afrotainment launched 2 channels (AFRO and ABO) on Verizon FIOS. On October 30, 2016, Afrotainment launched Haiti HD on Videotron in Canada. On June 28, 2017, Afrotainment launched AFRO, its Polycultural Black channel on Sling TV in the Lifestyle Plus package. The channel was removed on June 26, 2019. On November 15, 2018, Comcast announced an agreement to launch AFRO on Xfinity.

Programming
Afrotainment airs films and TV series from the African and Black worldwide diaspora. Afrotainment also produces several hours of content from its Orlando TV Studios: Point of View, a daytime woman talk show; Afrotainers, an Entertainment News show, Afrohits Top 10, a chart of the ten best Afro-centric music videos, The Lowdown, a late night comedy show, Journey, an interview-like talk show. The network also broadcasts soccer matches of the Confederation of African Football such as the CAF Champions League, CAF Confederation Cup, CAF African Nation Championship, and CAF Youth Championship.

Channels
Soundview Africa currently owns and operates the following 8 TV channels:

AFRO TV – Polycultural Black Television channel.

Afrotainment – Afro-centric general entertainment service, broadcasting in High-definition; programming includes TV series, films, talk shows and reality series.

Afrotainment Plus – Cable centric service featuring the best programming from Afrotainment & Afrotainment Music.

Afrotainment Music – Afro-centric music service featuring music from the African continent.  Programming includes music videos, live performances and entertainment programs.

Africa Box Office (ABO) – Afro-centric movie service featuring the best in film from the African continent.  It airs over 100 new movies every year from Nollywood and other movie houses throughout Africa.

TV Naija – General entertainment service aimed at Nigerian community, airs TV series & music from Nigeria.

Oui TV – Cameroonian, Ivorian and African sitcoms and dramas in French.

YEBO – Afro-caribbean music video on Demand (Apple TV, Amazon Fire, Roku).

Events
Every September the cream of the African music industry gathers at an Afro-glam red carpet event at the Afrotainment Studio in New York to recognize African talent as award winners are announced and celebrated. The Afrotainment Museke Online Africa Music Awards is multicasted Live on the Afrotainment family of channels nationwide in the US and also viewable online.

References

External links
 Afrotainment official site
 AFRO web site
 Africa Box Office
 Optimum Cablevision
 DISH Network

2011 establishments in New York (state)
African culture in New York (state)
Nigerian-American culture and history
Television channels and stations established in 2011
Television stations in New York City


The 2007 National Cheerleading Championship is the second season of the National Cheerleading Championship, a cheerleading competition for college and high school teams in the Philippines. It was the first season that had an open qualifiers. The winning teams from the previous season were also given automatic berths in the finals. The qualifiers were held on February 18, 2007, at the Le Pavilion, Metropolitan Park, Pasay, Metro Manila were 13 college teams and 10 high school teams vied for the spots in the finals.

The finals were held on February 25, 2007, at PhilSports Arena, PhilSports Complex, Pasig, Metro Manila with the CCP Bobcats of the Central Colleges of the Philippines and the SSA Seagulls of the School of St. Anthony declared as the champions for the college and high school divisions, respectively.

Qualification
The open qualifiers was held on February 18, 2007, at the Le Pavilion, Metropolitan Park, Pasay, Metro Manila. 13 college teams and 10 high school teams participated in the open qualifiers.

Team placing

Participating teams
College

 UP Pep Squad (University of the Philippines Diliman)
 CCP Bobcats (Central Colleges of the Philippines)
 Mapúa Cardinals (Mapúa Institute of Technology)
 PUP Stars (Polytechnic University of the Philippines)
 Altas Perps Squad (University of Perpetual Help System DALTA)
 EAC Generals Pep Squad (Emilio Aguinaldo College)
 Ateneo Blue Babble Battalion (Ateneo de Cagayan University)

 Adamson Pep Squad (Adamson University)

 Lyceum Pep Squad (Lyceum of the Philippines University)
 PWU Wildcats (Philippine Women's University)
 RTU Technocrats (Rizal Technological University)
 The Gray Hawks Pep Squad (Technological University of the Philippines)

High School

 SSA Seagulls Pep Squad (School of Saint Anthony)
 SHS Pep Squad (School of the Holy Spirit)
 San Beda Red Lions (San Beda College Alabang)
 Poveda Hardcourt (St. Pedro Poveda College)
 PCC Pep Squad (Pasig Catholic College)

 AC Hardcourt (Assumption College)
 Stallions Pep Squad (Manuel L. Quezon University High School)
 The CMIC Fighting Vanguards (Children of Mary Immaculate College)
 DLSZ Pep Squad and Cheerdancers (De La Salle Santiago Zobel School)
 Green Jaguars (Manila High School)

College

High school

Finals
The finals were held on February 25, 2007, at PhilSports Arena, PhilSports Complex, Pasig, Metro Manila.

Team placing

College
After the one-day open qualifiers, eight teams qualified for the finals.

High school
Out of the ten teams that vied for the qualification in the competition, seven teams made it to the finals.

References

National Cheerleading Championship
Sports in the Philippines
2007 in Philippine sport


Calliostoma punctulatum, the spotted tiger shell, is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Calliostomatidae, the calliostoma top snails.

Description
The height of the shell varies between 15 mm and 50 mm. The solid, conoidal shell is imperforate. It is yellowish or light fawn-colored, unicolored or dotted on the spirals with dark brown. The granules are often white by rubbing of the cuticle. The surface of the shell is covered with narrow spiral closely and conspicuously beaded ridges, numbering 8–12 on the penultimate whorl, sometimes equal in size, sometimes alternately larger and smaller. On the next earlier (antepenultimate) whorl there are about 7, and still earlier whorls have 3 beaded carinae. The interstices are obliquely striate. The spire is a little concave in outline toward the apex. The minute apex is acute. The sutures impressed. There are about 8 or 9, convex whorls. The body whorl is rounded at the periphery. The oblique aperture is rhomboidal, pearly within, and showing folds in the nacre corresponding with the lirae outside. The pearly columella is arcuate and not tubercled below.

Distribution
This marine species is endemic to New Zealand found on rocks and at intertidal depths.

References

 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Marshall, 1995. A revision of the recent Calliostoma species of New Zealand (Mollusca:Gastropoda:Trochoidea). The Nautilus 108(4):83-127

punctulatum
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1784


Calliostoma selectum, common name the select maurea, is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Calliostomatidae, the calliostoma top snails.

Some authors place this taxon in the subgenus Calliostoma (Maurea).

Description
The height of shell varies between 30 mm and 50 mm. The large, conical shell is imperforate. It is solid, but rather thin. Its color is very pale fawn-color, almost white, with elongated brown dots on the spiral riblets. The upper surface has numerous delicate spiral closely granulose riblets, numbering about 10 or 11 on the penultimate whorl, but more numerous on the upper surface of the body whorl because interstitial lirulae are intercalated. On the antepenultimate whorl there are 5, and on earlier whorls 3 granose lirae. On the base of the shell there are distinctly granose concentric lirae in the middle, but toward the periphery the
lirae become smaller, narrower, and less distinctly grained. The spire is conical. Its lateral outlines are concave on the upper part. The apex is acute. The sutures are scarcely discernible until the body whorl is reached. There are 8-9, flat whorls, but the last one is slightly convex above, obtusely angular at the periphery, and somewhat convex beneath. The subrhomboidal aperture is oblique, pearly and iridescent within. The nacre shows by folds the positions of the principal lirae of the outside. The  oblique columella is arcuate, and pearly. The basal and outer lips are crenulated at the edge.

Distribution
 New Zealand

References

External links

Further reading
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

selectum
Gastropods described in 1817


Calliostoma turnerarum, common name Turner's top shell, is a species of medium-sized deepwater sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Calliostomatidae, the calliostoma top snails.

Some authors place this taxon in the subgenus Calliostoma (Maurea)

Description
The height of the shell attains 57 mm.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Zealand.

References

 Marshall, 1995. A revision of the recent Calliostoma species of New Zealand (Mollusca:Gastropoda:Trochoidea). The Nautilus 108(4):83-127

External links

Further reading
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

turnerarum
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1964


Calliostoma tigris, common name the tiger maurea, is a large species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Calliostomatidae, the Calliostoma top snails.

Some authors place this taxon in the subgenus Calliostoma (Maurea).

Description
The height of the shell varies between 50 mm and 96 mm. This makes it one of the largest Calliostoma species. The large, imperforate, solid but rather thin shell has a conical shape. It is light yellowish, longitudinally painted with numerous rather narrow irregular chestnut-reddish stripes. The surface of the embryonic whorls is smooth, the others encircled by numerous delicate, finely beaded lirulae, which on the penultimate whorl number about 16-20. On the upper surface of the body whorl there are 18-25 lirulae. The spire is elevated, its lateral outlines concave above. The sutures are a little impressed. The shell contains 10 - 12 whorls, those of the spire flattened, the last convex, rounded at the periphery. The granulation is fine and even, not obsolete on the outer part of the base. The aperture is rhomboidal, iridescent within. The arcuate columella is pearly, bluntly tuberculate at base. This animal is usually found clinging to rock walls and underneath overhangs in caves, from 10m - 200m deep on semi exposed to very exposed open coastline. Feeds on hydroids and other encrusting fauna.

Distribution
This marine species is endemic to New Zealand, where it is also known as rehoreho or matangongore, a Māori name also used for the topshell Cantharidus opalus.

References

External links

Further reading
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

tigris
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1791
Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin


Cardiobacterium is a Gram-negative bacillus (rod-shaped) bacterium  commonly grouped with other bacteria into the HACEK group. Species of Cardiobacterium include Cardiobacterium hominis and Cardiobacterium valvarum.

References

External links

Gram-negative bacteria
Gammaproteobacteria


Calliostoma waikanae, common name the Waikanae top shell, is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Calliostomatidae, the calliostoma top snails.

Subspecies
 Calliostoma waikanae forsteriana Dell, 1950

Description
The size of the shell varies between 35 mm and 55 mm.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Zealand, the Kermadec Islands; Northern Queensland to New South Wales, Australia

References

 Oliver, W.R.B. (1926). New Zealand species of Calliostoma. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London. 17 : 107–115, pl. 10
 Marshall, 1995. A revision of the recent Calliostoma species of New Zealand (Mollusca:Gastropoda:Trochoidea). The Nautilus 108(4):83-127

External links

Further reading
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Marshall, 1995. A revision of the recent Calliostoma species of New Zealand (Mollusca:Gastropoda:Trochoidea). The Nautilus 108(4):83-127

waikanae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1926


Killing Moon may refer to:

"The Killing Moon", a 1984 song by Echo & the Bunnymen
Killing Moon: The Best of Echo & the Bunnymen, a 2007 compilation album by Echo & the Bunnymen
Killing Moon (band), a heavy metal band
The Killing Moon (novel), a 2012 novel by N.K. Jemisin
Killing Moon (novel), a 2022 novel by Jo Nesbø
Killing Moon, a 2000 America television film starring Kim Coates

See also
Under a Killing Moon, a 1994 computer game


Higgins Gardner & Partners is a London-based architecture practice specializing in museum/exhibition design and works to historic buildings.

An early commission was the Bank of England Museum in London, winner of the 1988 City Heritage and Stone Federation Awards for its accurate reconstruction of Sir John Soane's 1793 Bank Stock Office. Later UK projects include the Tarbat Discovery Centre in Portmahomack, Scotland: housed within a category A listed medieval church, the Centre illustrates Dark Age life and provides interpretative support for the adjacent excavations of a major Pictish settlement. Opened by the Prince of Wales, the centre was one of seven UK projects (together with the London Eye and Millennium Dome) short-listed for the 2000 Silver Unicorn Award sponsored by the Travel Writers’ Guild, and received a high commendation in the 2000 British Archaeological Awards.

Internationally the practice designed currency museums for the Central Bank of Oman and the Central Bank of Bahrain (formerly the Bahrain Monetary Agency). In 2003 Higgins Gardner & Partners completed a museum within the National Bank of Dubai to display a collections of Gulf pearls (Pinctata Radiata).

In 2004 Higgins Gardner & Partners advised on strategic issues related to the creation of a new museum for the Mary Rose, Henry VIII's flagship that was recovered from Portsmouth sound in the 1980s.  The following year the practice was invited to participate in an international competition for the new £20 million building, being one of four finalists selected from a field of 40 architectural firms

Notes

External links
Higgins Gardner & Partners website
Bank of England Museum
Central Bank of Bahrain Currency Museum
National Bank of Dubai Pearl Museum
Tarbat Discovery Centre
Shaw House Exhibition

Architecture firms of the United Kingdom


Cantharidus capillaceus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochidae, the top snails.

Subspecies
Former subspecies within this species included:
 Cantharidus capillaceus capillaceus, the nominate subspecies
 Cantharidus capillaceus coruscans (Hedley, 1916): synonym of Cantharidus capillaceus

Description
The length of the shell varies between 13 mm and 28 mm.
The imperforate shell has an ovate-conical shape. It is nearly smooth. Its sculpture consists of very fine dense spiral striae, leaving narrow and shallow grooves between them, sometimes nearly obsolete.

Colour: deep purple or reddish-grey, sometimes with a few white dots. The apex is usually pink. The epidermis is thin, often shining, easily rubbed off.

The spire is conical. Its sides are slightly convex. The apex is subacute. The protoconch is conoidal, consisting of 3 convex spirally striate whorls. The whorls number 6 to 7. They are slightly convex, the last rounded or obtusely angular. The base of the shell is flatly convex. The suture is linear, slightly impressed. The aperture is less than one-half the length of the shell. It is ovate, oblique, iridescent
within and lirate. The outer lip is convex, effuse on meeting the basal lip, with a sharp, finely denticulate edge. The columella is subvertical, with a slight swelling in the middle. The inner lip is expanded in a callous pad over the umbilical tract. There is a thin callus on the parietal wall.

Distribution
This marine species endemic to New Zealand and occurs off Auckland and the Campbell Islands.

References

 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Marshall, B.A. 1998: The New Zealand Recent species of Cantharidus Montfort, 1810 and Micrelenchus Finlay, 1926 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae). Molluscan Research 19: 107-156 (p. 130)

External links

capillaceus
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1848


Cantharidus, common name the kelp shells, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs of the family Trochidae, the top shells.

Description
The shell has an ovate-conic or pyramidal shape. It is imperforate, smooth or spirally sculptured outside, brilliantly iridescent within. The colors are generally bright and variegated. The aperture is less than half the length of shell, longer than wide, ovate. The columella is usually more or less folded or toothed near the base.

The central tooth of the radula has a body with broadly expanded supporting wings, a narrowed peduncle or neck, which bears a simple cusp. This peduncle has on each side delicate wings. The lateral teeth number five on each side and have as peculiarity that they increase in size from the inner to the outer one. The inner lateral is slender, narrowed toward the cusp, like the centrals, and (sometimes at any rate) bearing a lamella behind the peduncle. The outer laterals are very broad, with one or several denticles on the cusp. The only character separating Cantharidus from Gibbula is the simple cusp of the central tooth, whilst in Gibbula it is denticulate at the sides.

Distribution
This genus is composed of marine species with a wide distribution, occurring off Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, French Polynesia, South Korea, Japan, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Oceania, East India, Africa.

Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) includes the following species with valid names within the genus Cantharidus :
 Cantharidus antipodum (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1854)
 Cantharidus bisbalteatus Pilsbry, 1901
 Cantharidus callichrous (Philippi, 1849)
 Cantharidus capillaceus (Philippi, 1848)
 Cantharidus crenelliferus (Adams, 1853)
 Cantharidus dilatatus (Sowerby II, 1870)
 Cantharidus festivus (B. A. Marshall, 1998)
 Cantharidus fournieri (Crosse, 1863)
 Cantharidus fulminatus (Hutton, 1873)
 Cantharidus fultoni (G. B. Sowerby III, 1890)
 Cantharidus interruptus (W. Wood, 1828)
 Cantharidus japonicus (A. Adams, 1853)
 Cantharidus jessoensis Schrenck, L. von, 1863
 Cantharidus lepidus (Philippi, 1849)
 Cantharidus levis Bozzetti, 2021
 Cantharidus marmoreus Pease, W.H., 1868
 Cantharidus nolfi Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006
 Cantharidus opalus (Martyn, 1784)
 Cantharidus pallidulus A. Adams, 1853 (taxon inquirendum)
 Cantharidus puysegurensis (Powell, 1939)
 Cantharidus roseopictus (E. A. Smith, 1913)
 Cantharidus sendersi Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006
 Cantharidus turneri (Powell, 1939)

The Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database also mentions the following species with names in current use :
 Cantharidus vittata (Pilsbry, 1903)

Species and subspecies within the genus Cantharidus include:
 Cantharidus cinguliger A. Adams, 1851 (taxon inquirendum))
 Cantharidus fumosus Dillwyn, 1817
 Cantharidus iridis A. Adams, 1851
 Cantharidus moniliger A. Adams, 1851  (taxon inquirendum))
 Cantharidus nigricans A. Adams, 1851
 Cantharidus nitidulus A. Adams, 1851 (synonym: Trochus nitidulus Philippi)
 Cantharidus punctulosus A. Adams, 1851  (taxon inquirendum))
 Cantharidus purpuratus A. Adams, 1851 (synonym: Trochus purpuratus Martyn)

Species brought into synonymy
 Cantharidus artensis (P. Fischer, 1878): synonym of Trochus artensis P. Fischer, 1878
 Cantharidus artizona A. Adams, 1851: synonym of Roseaplagis artizona (A. Adams, 1853) (original combination)
 Cantharidus articularis A. Adams, 1851: synonym of Jujubinus interruptus (Wood, 1828)
 Cantharidus bisculptus E.A. Smith: synonym of Dactylastele burnupi (E. A. Smith, 1899)
 Cantharidus burchorum Marshall, 1998: synonym of Micrelenchus burchorum (B. A. Marshall, 1998)
 Cantharidus caelatus Hutton, 1884: synonym of Roseaplagis caelatus (Hutton, 1884)
 Cantharidus capillaceus coruscans (Hedley, 1916): synonym of Cantharidus capillaceus (Philippi, 1848)
 Cantharidus columna Dall, 1890: synonym of Halistylus columna (Dall, 1890)
 Cantharidus elongatus Wood: synonym of Thalotia elongata Sowerby, G.B. I, 1818
 Cantharidus fultoni (Melvill, 1898): synonym of Trochus fultoni Melvill, 1898
 Cantharidus gilberti Montrouzier, 1878: synonym of Cantharidus polychroma (A. Adams, 1853)
 Cantharidus hirasei Pilsbry, 1901: synonym of Phasianotrochus hirasei (Pilsbry, 1901)
 Cantharidus huttonii (E. A. Smith, 1876): synonym of Micrelenchus huttonii (E. A. Smith, 1876)
 Cantharidus infuscatus Gould, 1861: synonym of Kanekotrochus infuscatus (Gould, 1861)
 Cantharidus iris (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Cantharidus opalus (Martyn, 1784)
 Cantharidus kotschyi (Philippi, 1849): synonym of Osilinus kotschyi (Philippi, 1849)
 Cantharidus lepidus Philippi, R.A., 1849: synonym of Strigosella lepida (Philippi, 1846)
 Cantharidus macquariensis (Hedley, 1916): synonym of Margarella macquariensis Hedley, 1916
 Cantharidus montagui (W. Wood, 1828): synonym of Jujubinus montagui (Wood, 1828)
 Cantharidus mortenseni (Odhner, 1924): synonym of Roseaplagis mortenseni (Odhner, 1924)
 Cantharidus oliveri Iredale, 1915: synonym of Cantharidus sanguineus (Gray, 1843)
 Cantharidus parcipictus (Powel, 1946): synonym of Cantharidus tenebrosus A. Adams, 1853
 Cantharidus picturatum A. Adams, 1851: synonym of Calliostoma picturatum (A. Adams, 1851)
 Cantharidus pliciferus Schepman, 1908: synonym of Perrinia plicifera (Schepman, 1908)
 Cantharidus polychroma (A. Adams, 1853): synonym of Jujubinus polychroma (A. Adams, 1853)
 Cantharidus pruninus Gould, 1849: synonym of Cantharidus capillaceus (Philippi, 1849) (error for pruninus)
 Cantharidus pruninus minor E. A. Smith, 1902: synonym of Cantharidus capillaceus (Philippi, 1849)
 Cantharidus pruninus perobtusus Pilsbry, H.A., 1889: synonym of Cantharidus capillaceus (Philippi, 1849)
 Cantharidus pulcherrimus (W. Wood, 1828): synonym of Prothalotia pulcherrima (W. Wood, 1828)
 Cantharidus purpureus (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Micrelenchus purpureus (Gmelin, 1791)
 Cantharidus roseus (Hutton, 1873): synonym of Cantharidus antipodum (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1848)
 Cantharidus rufozona (A. Adams, 1851): synonym of Roseaplagis rufozona (A. Adams, 1853) (original combination)
 Cantharidus sanguineus (Gray, J.E. in Dieffenbach, 1843): synonym of Micrelenchus sanguineus (Gray, 1843)
 Cantharidus sanguineus bakeri Fleming, 1948: synonym of Cantharidus artizona A. Adams, 1853
 Cantharidus sanguineus var. caelatus Hutton, 1884: synonym of Cantharidus caelatus Hutton, 1884
 Cantharidus sanguineus cryptus (Powell, 1946): synonym of Cantharidus sanguineus (Gray in Dieffenbach, 1843)
 Cantharidus sanguineus var. elongata Suter, 1897: synonym of Cantharidus artizona A. Adams, 1853
 Cantharidus simulatus Hutton: synonym of Cantharidus dilatatus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1870)
 Cantharidus suarezensis (P. Fischer, 1878): synonym of Jujubinus suarezensis (P. Fischer, 1878)
 Cantharidus suturalis (A. Adams, 1853): synonym of Prothalotia suturalis (A. Adams, 1853)
 Cantharidus tenebrosus A. Adams, 1851: synonym of Micrelenchus tenebrosus (A. Adams, 1853) (original combination)
 Cantharidus tenebrosus var. huttonii (E.A. Smith, 1876): synonym of Cantharidus huttonii (E. A. Smith, 1876)
 Cantharidus tessellatus (A. Adams, 1853): synonym of Micrelenchus tesselatus (A. Adams, 1853)
 Cantharidus tristis Thiele, 1930: synonym of Jujubinus polychromus (A. Adams, 1853)
 Cantharidus urbanus (Gould, 1861): synonym of Iwakawatrochus urbanus (Gould, 1861)
 Cantharidus zealandicus A. Adams, 1851: synonym of Cantharidus opalus (Martyn, 1784)

References

 Mollusca
 Powell A W B, New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Miller M & Batt G, Reef and Beach Life of New Zealand, William Collins (New Zealand) Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1973
 Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.
 Marshall, B.A. 1998: The New Zealand Recent species of Cantharidus Montfort, 1810 and Micrelenchus Finlay, 1926 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae). Molluscan Research 19: 107-156 (p. 130)
 Williams S.T., Donald K.M., Spencer H.G. & Nakano T. (2010) Molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families Trochidae and Calliostomatidae (Mollusca: Superfamily Trochoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54:783-809

Trochidae
Gastropod genera


Cantharidella is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Trochinae of the family Trochidae, the top snails.

Description
This genus consists of small forms with much the aspect of tiny Cantharidus. They are usually polished, narrowly or not perforate. The shell is conical, and elongated.

Distribution
This genus of marine species occurs off India, Sri Lanka, the Philippines and Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia).

Species
Species within the genus Cantharidella include:
 Cantharidella balteata (Philippi, 1849)
 Cantharidella beachportensis Cotton & Godfrey, 1934
 Cantharidella ocellina (Hedley, 1911)
 Cantharidella picturata (A. Adams & Angas, 1864)
 Cantharidella rottnestensis Verco, 1911
 Cantharidella tiberiana (Crosse, 1863)

Species brought into synonymy
 Cantharidella aurea Tenison-Woods, J.E., 1876: synonym of Cantharidella tiberiana (Crosse, 1863)
 Cantharidella tesselata Tenison-Woods, J.E., 1878: synonym of Cantharidella tiberiana (Crosse, 1863)
 Cantharidella tesselata (A. Adams, 1853): synonym of Cantharidus tessellatus (A. Adams, 1853)

References

Further reading
 Powell A W B, New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Miller M & Batt G, Reef and Beach Life of New Zealand, William Collins (New Zealand) Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1973

External links

Trochidae
Gastropod genera


The  were a prominent family from the region of Touraine in France, who then settled in Beauce, Quebec in the 1720s. The family was active in French political life in 17th and 18th century and in the politics of Quebec from the late 18th century to mid-20th century.

Taschereau may also refer to:

People

Taschereau family

In France
Gabriel Taschereau de Baudry (1673-1755), mayor of Tours, lieutenant general of the police

In Canada

Thomas-Jacques Taschereau (1680-1749) - settler of New France, originator of the family
Gabriel-Elzéar Taschereau, member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada (1792-96) and of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada (1796-1809)
Jean-Thomas Taschereau (1778–1832), member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada (1800-27)
Jean-Thomas Taschereau (judge), justice of the Supreme Court of Canada (1875-78)
Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, 14th Premier of Quebec (1920-1936), member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (1900-1936)
Robert Taschereau, justice of the Supreme Court of Canada (1940-1967), Chief Justice of Canada in 1963-67
Henri-Thomas Taschereau, member of the House of Commons of Canada (1872-78), Chief Justice of Quebec (1907-09)
Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau, Cardinal of the Catholic Church (1886-98), Archbishop of Quebec (1871-98)
Thomas-Pierre-Joseph Taschereau, a military officer and member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada (1818-26)
Pierre-Elzéar Taschereau, member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada (1830-35), member of Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada (1844-45)
Henri-Elzéar Taschereau, justice of the Supreme Court of Canada (1878-1906), Chief Justice of Canada in 1902-1906
Joseph-André Taschereau, member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada (1835-38), member of Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada (1845-47)
Thomas-Jacques Taschereau, a notary
Thomas Linière Taschereau, member of the House of Commons of Canada (1891-93)
Antoine-Charles Taschereau, member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada (1830-38), military officer, member of Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada (1841-44)
Marie-Anne-Louise Taschereau, nun and leader of the Ursulines in Quebec

Unrelated to the family
 Jules-Joseph-Taschereau Frémont, mayor of Quebec City (1890-94), member of the House of Commons of Canada (1891-96)

Places
 Taschereau, Quebec
Lake Taschereau, which is located in the municipality
 Taschereau (electoral district)
 Taschereau Boulevard
 Taschereau Bridge
 Taschereau River (rivière du Loup tributary), flowing through Saint-Théophile, Chaudière-Appalaches, Quebec
 Taschereau River (Bell River), a tributary of Bell River flowing in the region of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec

Other uses
 Kellock–Taschereau Commission


Pandin and Yambo are twin crater lakes separated by a narrow strip of land. They are part of the Seven Lakes system in San Pablo, and are situated at Brgy. San Lorenzo in San Pablo City of Laguna province in the Philippines.

Lake Pandin is said to be "the most pristine" of the seven lakes of San Pablo.

Pandin Lake
Pandin has an area of 20.5 hectares and a maximum depth of 63 meters. It has a calculated volume of 6,600 cubic meters of water in storage.

Pandin is considered oligotrophic because of the abundant plant and fish life.

Yambo Lake
Yambo has a normal surface area of 28.5 hectares.

Yambo, like pandin is considered oligotrophic, and is suitable for swimming, outings, and picnics.

Legend of the Lakes
It was told that these two lakes were named after two lovers. According to the legend, a beautiful woman named Pandin was cursed not to step on the earth, otherwise, something terrible would befall her. Yambo, her ardent lover, did not know about the curse and had made her step on earth, after which there was a terrible noise followed by the cracking grumble of the earth and a heavy downpour eventually converted the area into twin lakes separated from each other by a bare strip of land.

Notes

References
The Legend of Pandin and Yambo
San Pablo City

External links
Geographic data related to Lake Pandin at OpenStreetMap
Geographic data related to Lake Yambo at OpenStreetMap

Pandin and Yambo
Volcanic crater lakes
Maars of the Philippines
Volcanic lakes of the Philippines


Matthew A. Reynolds (born 1964) served as assistant secretary of state for legislative affairs from  to , serving under the sixty-sixth secretary of state, Condoleezza Rice. Prior to this appointment he served as the bureau's principal deputy assistant secretary and intermittently as acting assistant secretary beginning in March 2005.

Mr. Reynolds served as the deputy assistant secretary for Senate affairs from September 2004 to March 2005. He joined the State Department in May 2003 as the director of House affairs. In this position, he received the Department's Superior Honor Award for Service. Prior to coming to the State Department, Mr. Reynolds spent seventeen years in numerous senior positions in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. He served as staff director of the House Rules Committee, guiding legislation on the House floor, and as professional staff on the House International Relations Committee and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

In addition to congressional committee assignments, Mr. Reynolds has also served as chief of staff to U.S. Representative Jay Kim (R-CA) and legislative director to U.S. Representative Robert J. Lagomarsino (R-CA). He began his congressional career with Congressman Lagomarsino in 1986.

After leaving the Department of State, Reynolds assumed leadership of the newly established Washington, DC Representative Office of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East.

Mr. Reynolds is a native of Dover, Massachusetts and grew up in Kanpur, India and Beirut, Lebanon. He graduated from Tabor Academy in Marion, Massachusetts and received his BSFS degree and the Dean's Citation from the School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University.

References

State Department
Contact Us-UNRWA

1964 births
Living people
Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni
United States Assistant Secretaries of State
People from Dover, Massachusetts
Tabor Academy (Massachusetts) alumni


Cantharidus opalus, common name the opal top shell or in the Māori language matangongore, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochidae, the top snails.

Description
The length of the shell varies between 23 mm and 45 mm. The large, imperforate shell has an elevated conical shape. It is angular at the periphery, solid, but not very thick. Its spiral sculpture, not conspicuous, subobsolete. It is obsoletely distantly spirally grooved. These number about 7 on the penultimate whorl, mostly indistinct, crossed by more or less distinct oblique growth lines . The base of the shell contains about 5 spiral separated narrow ridges, often inconspicuous. The colour is whitish, tinged with blue on the body whorl and yellowish or pinkish on the spire, all over closely longitudinally marked with longitudinal zigzag markings of purple. These markings are often interrupted into spiral series of articulations. The epidermis is thin, shining, and easily rubbed off.

The spire is elevated conic. Its sides are straight or slightly concave, more or less eroded, and showing the iridescent green nacre at the tip. The protoconch is
conical, small, acute, and consists of 2½ convex smooth and pinkish-brown whorls. The shell contains 8 to 10 whorls. The first very slowly, then
rapidly increase. The whorls are straight or slightly convex. The body whorl is distinctly angled at the periphery. The base of the shell is flatly convex. The sutures are well impressed, sometimes subcanaliculate on the lower whorls. The oblique aperture is ovate-rhoniboidal. It is lined with iridescent green nacre with red reflections. The outer lip is thin, and slightly sulcate within. There is often a broad opaque white callosity following a greenish edge inside. The columella is subvertical, generally straight in the middle or slightly projecting. The inner lip spreads as a broad white callus a little beyond the columella and over the parietal wall.

Distribution
This marine species is endemic to New Zealand, where it is found subtidally in kelp beds down to at least 15m, on semi-exposed to exposed coasts.

References

 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Marshall B.A. 1998. The New Zealand Recent species of Cantharidus Montfort, 1810 and Micrelenchus Finlay, 1926 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae). Molluscan Research 19(1): 107-156

External links

opalus
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1784


Salamanga is a town in southern Mozambique.

Transport

The town is served by a terminus of a branchline of the Goba railway of the national railway network. The main traffic is limestone used in the manufacture of cement.

In 2008, $8m was to be spent rebuilding the line.

See also

 Railway stations in Mozambique

References

Populated places in Maputo Province


Micrelenchus purpureus, common name the red opal top shell, is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochidae.

Description
The length of the shell varies between 16 mm and 32 mm. It grazes on seaweed.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off North Island and South Island, New Zealand.

References

 Kiener, L.C. (1850). Genre Trochus (plates only). Spécies général et iconographie des coquilles vivantes. 11. Rousseau & Baillière, Paris.
 Hombron J. B. & Jacquinot H. (1848 [March]). Atlas d'Histoire Naturelle. Zoologie par MM. Hombron et Jacquinot, chirurgiens de l'expédition. in: Voyage au pole sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 sous le commandement de M. Dumont-D'Urville capitaine de vaisseau publié sous les auspices du département de la marine et sous la direction supérieure de M. Jacquinot, capitaine de Vaisseau, commandant de La Zélée. Vingt-quatriéme livraison. Insectes lépidoptéres pls 1,2; Mollusques pls 9, 11, 12.

External links

 Gmelin J.F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 3021-3910
 Menke, K. T. (1828). Synopsis methodica molluscorum generum omnium et specierum earum, quae in Museo Menkeano adservantur; cum synonymia critica et novarum specierum diagnosibus. XII + 91 pp.
 Gould A.A. (1849). [Descriptions of new species of shells, brought home by the U. S. Exploring Expedition]. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. 3: 83-85, 89-92, 106-108, 118-121 [May 1849], 140-144

Further reading
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, p. 55; William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Marshall, B.A. 1998: The New Zealand Recent species of Cantharidus Montfort, 1810 and Micrelenchus Finlay, 1926 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae). Molluscan Research 19: 107-156 (p. 114)

purpureus
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1791


Cardita distorta, or the dog's foot cockle, is a bivalve mollusc of the family Carditidae, endemic to New Zealand including the Chatham Islands and southern offshore islands. It is found from low tide to depths of approximately 185 m.

References
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Glen Pownall, New Zealand Shells and Shellfish, Seven Seas Publishing Pty Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand 1979

Carditidae
Bivalves of New Zealand
Taxa named by Harold John Finlay


Alaskan Russian, known locally as Old Russian, is a dialect of  Russian, influenced by Eskimo–Aleut languages, spoken by Alaskan Creoles. Today it is prevalent on Kodiak Island and in Ninilchik (Kenai Peninsula), Alaska; it has been isolated from other varieties of Russian for over a century.

Kodiak Russian, was natively spoken on Afognak Strait until the Great Alaskan earthquake and tsunami of 1964. It is now moribund, spoken by only a handful of elderly people, and virtually undocumented.

Ninilchik Russian is better studied and more vibrant; it developed from the  Russian colonial settlement of Ninilchik in 1847.

Vocabulary
Ninilchik Russian vocabulary is clearly Russian with a few borrowings from English and Alaskan native languages.

Here are some examples of Alaskan Russian from the village of Ninilchik:

Éta moy dom. ‘This is my house’.

Aná óchin krasíwaya. ‘She is very pretty’.

Aná nas lúbit. ‘She loves us’.

Éta moy mush. ‘This is my husband’.

Bózhi moy! ‘My God!’.

On moy brat. ‘He is my brother’.

U miné nimnóshka Rúskay krof. ‘I have a little Russian blood’.

References

languages of Alaska
Russian-based pidgins and creoles
Russian dialects
Slavic languages spoken in North America


Kuno Francke (27 September 1855 – 1930), was a U.S. (German-born) educator and historian.  Most of his career was spent at Harvard University where he eventually became a professor of history and German culture and curator of the Germanic Museum.

Biography
Francke was born in Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Denmark, in 1855, where he received his early education at the Kiel gymnasium. He earned a Ph.D. in medieval folklore and poetry in Munich in 1878. He was a close associate of art historian Ephraim Emerton, and through him met Harvard University president Charles William Eliot. In 1884 he became an instructor at Harvard, in 1887 assistant professor of German, in 1892 assistant professor of German literature, and earned a full professorship of history and German culture in 1896. In 1902, he became curator of the Busch-Reisinger Museum (Germanic Museum) of Harvard University. He remained curator at Harvard until 1929, when he retired, and died the next year in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

He received the degrees of LL.D. from the University of Wisconsin in 1904, and Litt.D. from Harvard University in 1912. From the German imperial government, he received the title of Chevalier Royal Prussian Order Red Eagle and Order of the Crown. A professorship in "German Art and Literature" at Harvard is named after Francke. He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1904.

Works
Works published in Germany:

 Zur Geschichte der Schulpoesie des 12 Jahrhunderts (1878)
 De Hymno in Cererem Homerico (1880)
 Libelli de Lite Imperatorum et Pontificum (1892)
 Deutsche Arbeit in Amerika. Erinnerungen (1930)

Works published in the United States:
 Social Forces in German Literature (1896)
 Glimpses of Modern German Culture (1898)
 History of German Literature (1901)
 Handbook of the Germanic Museum (1906)
 German Ideals of To-day (1907)
 The Americans (1909), an ethnological study of the American people
 Die Kulturwerte der deutschen Literatur des Mittelalters (1910)
 Germany's Fateful Hour (1914)
 A German-American's Confession of Faith (1915), about World War I
 Personality in German Literature before Luther (1916)
 The German Spirit (1916)

He also edited Munsey's collections of German classics.

References

External links

1855 births
1930 deaths
20th-century American historians
19th-century German historians
American curators
Harvard University faculty
Harvard University Department of German faculty
Professors of German in the United States
American male non-fiction writers
Emigrants from the German Empire to the United States
German male non-fiction writers
Fellows of the Medieval Academy of America
Germanists
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Writers from Kiel
Presidents of the Modern Language Association


Qaddura Refugee Camp () is a Palestinian refugee camp in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, located just outside downtown Ramallah in the central West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the Camp had a population of 924 inhabitants in 2017. Qaddura camp was established in 1948, but is not recognized as an official UNRWA camp.

Footnotes

External links
 Welcome To Kaddourah R.C.
Qaddura Camp (Fact Sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem, ARIJ
Qaddura Camp Profile, ARIJ
Qaddura Camp aerial photo, ARIJ

Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate
Populated places established in 1948
Palestinian refugee camps in the West Bank


Cardita brookesi is a bivalve mollusc of the family Carditidae, endemic to the north east coast of the North Island of New Zealand including Great Barrier Island and the Mercury Islands.

References
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

Carditidae
Bivalves of New Zealand
Taxa named by Harold John Finlay


Casmaria perryi is a species of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Cassinae, the helmet snails and bonnet snails.

Description
The size of an adult shell varies between 30 mm and 53 mm.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Zealand, southeastern Australia and Easter Island.

References

 Iredale, T. 1912. New generic names and new species of marine Mollusca. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 10: 217-228, pl. 9, 3 text figs
 Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1-109
 Abbott, R.T. 1968. The helmet shells of the world (Cassidae). Part 1. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 2(9): 7-201
 Rehder, H.A. 1980. The marine mollusks of Easter Island (Isla de Pascura) and Sala y Gómez. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 289: 1-167
 Wilson, B. 1993. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, Western Australia : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 1 408 pp.
 Kreipl, Kurt. 1997. Recent Cassidae. Verlag Christa Hemmen: Wiesbaden.
 Beu, A.G., Bouchet, P. & Tröndlé, J. 2012. Tonnoidean gastropods of French Polynesia. Molluscan Research 32(2): 61-120

External links

 Gastropods.com : Casmaria perryi (accessed 27 December 2016)

Cassidae
Gastropods described in 1912
Molluscs of New Zealand


Cautor lutea is a species of small deepwater sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Triphoridae.

References

 Powell A W B, New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

Triphoridae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1908


Cellana denticulata, or the denticulate limpet, is a species of true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Nacellidae, one of the families of true limpets. It is endemic to New Zealand.

References

Further reading
 Powell A. W. B. New Zealand Mollusca. William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979
 Nakano T. & Ozawa T. (2007). Worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda: molecular, morphological and paleontological evidence. Journal of Molluscan Studies 73(1): 79–99

Nacellidae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1784
Endemic molluscs of New Zealand


Ernest Dewfall (12 August 1911 — 11 November 1982) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast bowler who played for Gloucestershire. He was born in Long Ashton and died in Cleeve.

Dewfall made two first-class appearances for the side during the 1938 season. In his debut, against Surrey, he scored a duck in the only innings in which he batted, and took a single wicket with the ball, that of Eddie Watts.

Dewfall's second and final first-class appearance came against Nottinghamshire, in which, once again, he scored a duck in the only innings in which he batted, though he took three wickets with the ball, including that of Test cricketer Walter Keeton.

External links
Ernest Dewfall at Cricket Archive

1911 births
1982 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
People from North Somerset (district)


Charles Disney (21 November 1894 – 11 April 1963) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played for Gloucestershire. He was born in Stourbridge and died in Linthorpe.

Disney made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1923 season, against Leicestershire. From the middle order, he scored 2 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and a duck in the second.

External links
Charles Disney at Cricket Archive

1894 births
1963 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
Sportspeople from Stourbridge


Thomas Henry Dean (1 April 1881, Colesbourne, Gloucestershire – 30 November 1964, Bath, Somerset) was an English cricketer who played for Gloucestershire.

Dean made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1908 season, against Surrey. Dean scored 11 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and 4 runs in the second, in a match curtailed to just a single day's play.

References

External links

1881 births
1964 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers


Ernest Robert Maling English DSO (2 December 1874 — 18 August 1941) was a British soldier, cricketer and actor.

English was born in Charlton Kings, Cheltenham. He attended Wellington College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, receiving his commission in 1895. and became  Adjutant of the King's Shropshire Light Infantry.

He served in the Second Boer War and World War I, receiving wounds in both wars. He was prompted to Captain in 1909. In 1910, he became Adjutant of the King's Regiment (Liverpool). He became a major in 1915. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in 1917, the Croix de Guerre and was twice Mentioned in dispatches. He left the army as a  lieutenant colonel on 29 November 1919.

Subsequently, he worked as a stage and film actor. He died in South Kensington on 18 August 1941.

Cricket career
English was a right-handed batsman who played for Gloucestershire.
English made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1909 season, against Middlesex. He scored a duck in the first innings in which he batted, and two runs in the second.

References

External links
Ernest English at Cricket Archive

1874 births
1941 deaths
British Army personnel of World War I
British military personnel of the Second Boer War
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
King's Regiment (Liverpool) officers
King's Shropshire Light Infantry officers
People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire
Cricketers from Cheltenham


James Fewings (3 October 1849 – 20 August 1920) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper who played for Gloucestershire. He was born in Bristol and died in Southampton.

Fewings made his debut in August 1872 against Nottinghamshire, against whom he scored a single run in the first innings in which he batted and a duck in the second.

Fewings' second and final first-class appearance came the following week, against Sussex - being bowled out by future Test cricketers James Southerton and Fred Grace for a duck in each innings.

External links
James Fewings at Cricket Archive

1849 births
1920 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
Cricketers from Bristol


Robert Green (11 December 1894 — 13 September 1969) was an English cricketer who played for Gloucestershire. He was born in Chippenham and died in Pulverbatch. He also lived in Hove for several years.

Green made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1924 season, against Yorkshire. From the middle order, he scored 3 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and 2 runs in the second.

External links
Robert Green at CricketArchive

1894 births
1969 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
People from Chippenham


Godwin Giles (16 June 1876 — 1 June 1955) was an English cricketer. He was a medium-fast bowler who played for Gloucestershire. He was born in Mere and died in Sunbury-on-Thames.

Giles made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1903 season, against Somerset. He scored 8 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and a duck in the second.

Giles bowled nine overs in the match, conceding 31 runs.

External links
Godwin Giles at Cricket Archive

1876 births
1955 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
Cricketers from Wiltshire


William Garne (9 May 1861 – 24 May 1895) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Gloucestershire. He was born in Middle Aston, Oxfordshire and died in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire.

Garne made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1884 season, against Sussex. From the lower-middle order, he scored a duck in the first innings in which he batted, and 2 runs in the second.

Garne died at the age of 34.

References

External links
William Garne at Cricket Archive

1861 births
1895 deaths
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
Cricketers from Oxfordshire
Sportspeople from Wellingborough


Umsaskis Lake is a lake on the Allagash River in the North Maine Woods region of Maine.

It is located in Aroostook County and lies approximately  from the Canada-U.S. border.

The lake is on the Northern Forest Canoe Trail.

External links

Lakes of Aroostook County, Maine
Allagash River
North Maine Woods
Northern Forest Canoe Trail
Lakes of Maine


Cellana flava is a species of true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Nacellidae, one of the families of true limpets.

This species is easily identified on the basis of the orange colour of its shell and the light coloured head and foot.

References

 Powell A. W. B., William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979
 Nakano T. & Ozawa T. (2007). Worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda: molecular, morphological and paleontological evidence. Journal of Molluscan Studies 73(1): 79–99

Nacellidae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1784


Cellana ornata is a species of true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Nacellidae, one of the families of true limpets.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Zealand.

References

 Powell A. W. B., William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979
 Nakano T. & Ozawa T. (2007). Worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda: molecular, morphological and paleontological evidence. Journal of Molluscan Studies 73(1): 79–99
 Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. Pp 196-219. in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press.
 Maxwell, P.A. (2009). Cenozoic Mollusca. Pp 232-254 in Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch.

External links
 Dillwyn, L. W. (1817). A descriptive catalogue of Recent shells, arranged according to the Linnean method; with particular attention to the synonymy. London: John and Arthur Arch. Vol. 1: 1-580; Vol. 2: 581-1092 + index
 Hombron J.B. & Jacquinot C.H. (1841). Description de quelques mollusques provenant de la campagne de l'Astrolabe et de la Zélée. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. ser. 2, Zoologie, 16: 62-65, 190-192
 Gould, A. A. (1846). Descriptions of new shells, collected by the United States Exploring Expedition. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. 2: 141-145, 148-152
 Reeve, L. A. (1854-1855). Monograph of the genus Patella. In: Conchologia Iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals, vol. 8, pls 1-42 and unpaginated tex. L. Reeve & Co., London.

Nacellidae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1817


Cellana radians, common name the radiate limpet, is a species of true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Nacellidae, which is one of the true limpet families.

Description
The foot and the head are lightly colored whereas Cellana flava has darker colored soft tissues. The shell exhibits different morphological varieties, even in the same location. The shell can be grayish white on the outside with rather flat ribs that are somewhat darker. Its interior is iridescent and white, with gray muscle impressions. The apex is off-center and sometimes worn off.

Ecology
Cellana radians is found on rocks and other hard substrates in the littoral and sublittoral zones of the seas around New Zealand.

References

 Nakano T. & Ozawa T. (2007). Worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda: molecular, morphological and paleontological evidence. Journal of Molluscan Studies 73(1): 79–99
 Bruce A. Marshall, Molluscan and brachiopod taxa introduced by F. W. Hutton in The New Zealand journal of science; Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Volume 25, Issue 4, 1995

Nacellidae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1791
Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin


Cellana stellifera, common name the star limpet, is a species of true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Nacellidae.

References

 Powell A. W. B., William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979

Nacellidae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1791
Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin


North Chungcheong Province (Chungcheongbuk-do) is divided into 3 cities (si) and 8 counties (gun).  The city and county names below are given in English, hangul, and hanja.

Cities

Counties

List by Population and Area

Subdivisions

See also
Chungcheongbuk-do

References

Chungcheong, North
Chungcheong, North


Cellana oliveri is a species of large limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Nacellidae, one of the families of true limpets.

References

 Powell A. W. B., William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979

Nacellidae
Gastropods of New Zealand


Cellana strigilis flemingi is a subspecies of large limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Patellidae, one of the families of true limpets.

References

 Powell A. W. B., William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979

Nacellidae
Gastropods of New Zealand


Ted or Teddy Owens may refer to:

Ted Owens (basketball) (born 1929), fifth head basketball coach of the Kansas Jayhawks
Ted Owens (ufology) (1920–1987), who claimed contact with a UFO
Teddy Owens, Gaelic footballer, trainer for Cork in 2007 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
Ted Owens (footballer) (1913–1980), English association footballer (Crystal Palace and Preston North End)

See also
Edward Owens (disambiguation)
Edward Owen (disambiguation)


The Nocturnes, Op. 48 are a set of two nocturnes for solo piano written by Frédéric Chopin in 1841 and published the following year in 1842. They are dedicated to Mlle. Laure Duperré. Chopin later sold the copyright for the nocturnes for 2,000 francs along with several other pieces.

Nocturne in C minor, Op. 48, No. 1

The Nocturne in C minor, Op. 48, No. 1 is initially marked lento and is in  meter. In general, the scheme of the music is ternary form and follows A–B–A′.

The piece becomes poco più lento at measure 25 and enters its middle section, which is a chorale in C major. Later, it moves to a technically demanding doppio movimento agitato at measure 49 which features fortissimo octave passages and double octave arpeggios. Finally, the piece ends with a reprise of the initial melody with extremely fast chordal accompaniment. The piece is a total of 77 measures long.

The Nocturne in C minor is one of the more well known nocturnes, and has been categorized as one of Chopin's greatest emotional achievements. Theodor Kullak said of the piece, "the design and poetic contents of this nocturne make it the most important one that Chopin created; the chief subject is a masterly expression of a great powerful grief." Jan Kleczyński Sr. calls the nocturne "broad and most imposing with its powerful intermediate movement, a thorough departure from the nocturne style." Some musical critics, including Charles Willeby and Frederick Niecks, do not think the piece deserves its fame and position; though James Huneker agrees with this assessment, he notes that the nocturne is still "the noblest nocturne of them all." James Friskin found the music to have "the most imposing instrumental effect of any of the nocturnes," calling the crescendo and octaves "almost Lisztian."

Jim Samson notes that the nocturne intensifies "not through ornamentation, but through a new textural background." Kleczyński commented that the middle section "is the tale of a still greater grief told in an agitated recitando; celestial harps come to bring one ray of hope, which is powerless in its endeavor to calm the wounded soul, which...sends forth to heaven a cry of deepest anguish." The ending, according to Samson, is "in the nature of an elaborated 'feminine ending', articulating the reactive final beat of an amphibrach grouping."

Nocturne in F-sharp minor, Op. 48, No. 2

The Nocturne in F-sharp minor, Op 48, No. 2 is initially marked andantino and is in  meter. It switches to più lento at measure 57 and returns to the original tempo at measure 101. The piece is a total of 137 measures long.

When compared with the more melancholy outer themes, the middle section, più lento, is completely different—the piece modulates from minor to major (D), changes its meter to  and decreases tempo. Frederick Niecks commented that the middle section "is finer" and contains "soothing, simple chord progressions." Chopin once noted that the middle section was like a recitative and should be played as if "a tyrant commands, and the other asks for mercy." The recapitulation is cut short by the coda, which ends with trills, a rising arpeggio and final chord in F major (a Picardy third).

References

External links

 Performances of Nocturne Op. 48 No. 1 and Nocturne Op. 48 No. 2 by Cecile Licad from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in MP3 format

48
1841 compositions
Compositions in C minor
Compositions in F-sharp minor
Music with dedications

ja:夜想曲第13番 (ショパン)


The HRP-4C, nicknamed Miim, is a feminine-looking humanoid robot created by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), a Japanese research facility.

Miim measures 158 centimetres (5 feet, 2 inches) tall and weighs 43 kilos (95 pounds) including a battery pack. She has a realistic head and face, and the figure of an average young Japanese female (based on the 1997–1998 Japanese body dimension database). She can move like a human, utilizing 30 body motors and another eight dedicated to facial expressions. Miim can also respond to speech using speech recognition software, and is capable of recognizing ambient sounds. Miim can also sing, using the vocal synthesizer Vocaloid.

The software that operates the robot is developed on the basis of Open Robotics Platform (OpenRTP), including OpenRTM-aist and OpenHRP3.

An initial public demonstration was held on March 16, 2009, with another held at Tokyo's Digital Content Expo in 2010 to showcase recent upgrades that allow HRP-4C to mimic human facial and head movements, as well as execute dance steps. 2011 upgrades to Miim's human-like walking ability were shown in a video released by AIST, and have been called "super-realistic".

Applications for the HRP-4C may include the entertainment industry, and a human simulator for evaluation of devices.

Vocal capabilities

HRP-4C was shown at the CEATEC JAPAN 2009 Festival in June 2009, and its speaking and singing capabilities were displayed.

For speaking, it uses a prototype Vocaloid voicebank called CV-4Cβ, developed by Crypton Future Media. CV-4Cβ's vocal provider was Eriko Nakamura, and Crypton's commercial plans for the voicebank are unknown as of December 2012. It was also shown "cosplaying" as Hatsune Miku and could sing using the Miku voicebank. At this demonstration, it was able to move its head and lips in time with the music, but could not move other parts of its body. It could also use another Vocaloid voicebank named Megpoid.

See also
Actroid
Android
ASIMO
REEM
Gynoid
Humanoid Robotics Project
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
TOPIO
Vocaloid

References

External links
 Features and cost
 General Robotix,Inc
 Japan's new female singing robot
 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology's page on the HRP-4C
 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology's page on the HRP-4C

Androids
Robots of Japan
2009 robots


Ceratosoma amoenum, or the clown nudibranch, is a species of colorful dorid nudibranch, a sea slug, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae.

Following the gender rules of International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the spelling of Ceratosoma amoena has been changed into Ceratosoma amoenum.

Distribution
Ceratosoma amoenum is a common nudibranch found in the intertidal zones of temperate southern Australia and northern New Zealand. There have also been a few reported sightings off the coast of southern  Queensland.

Description
This species has a white body which is elaborately patterned with orange and purple spots especially on the dorsum. The size of the spots varies according to range, with those individuals in New Zealand having the largest. There is some variation in the patterning of this species. The gills and rhinophores are crimson-white in color and both the rhinophores and the unbranched gills can be retracted into pockets. At the rear of the mantle there is a large concentration of mantle glands. This species reaches at least 60 mm in length.

Ecology
Ceratosoma amoenum is known to feed on sponges. It has been seen feeding on sponges from the genus Semitaspongia and the species Dysidea fragilis. It sequesters metabolites from its prey as a defense mechanism.

References

Chromodorididae
Gastropods of Australia
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1886
Taxa named by Thomas Frederic Cheeseman


Cellana strigilis is a species of large limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Nacellidae, one of the families of true limpets.

Subspecies
Subspecies within this species as listed by Powell 1979 include:

 Cellana strigilis strigilis, the nominate subspecies
 Cellana strigilis bollonsi
 Cellana strigilis chathamensis
 Cellana strigilis flemingi
 Cellana strigilis oliveri
 Cellana strigilis redimiculum

References

 Powell A. W. B., William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979

External links
  Reisser C., Marshall B.A. & Gardner J. (2012) A morphometric approach supporting genetic results in the taxonomy of the New Zealand limpets of the Cellana strigilis complex (Mollusca : Patellogastropoda : Nacellidae). Invertebrate Systematics 26: 193–203

Nacellidae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1841


Cellana strigilis redimiculum is a subspecies of large limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Nacellidae.

References

 Powell A. W. B., William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979

Nacellidae
Gastropods of New Zealand


Chlamys zeelandona is a bivalve mollusc of the family Pectinidae.

References
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

Bivalves of New Zealand
Molluscs described in 1931
Taxa named by Leo George Hertlein
zeelandona


Philinopsis taronga is a species of small and colorful aglajid sea slug, a shell-less opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Aglajidae. It has an Indo-Pacific distribution in southeastern Australia and northern New Zealand.

References

Further reading
 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
  Burn R. (2006) A checklist and bibliography of the Opisthobranchia (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Victoria and the Bass Strait area, south-eastern Australia. Museum Victoria Science Reports 10:1–42

Aglajidae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Molluscs of the Indian Ocean
Molluscs of the Pacific Ocean
Gastropods described in 1933


Cirsonella densilirata is a minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Skeneidae.

Description
(Original description by Henry Suter) The height of the shell attains 1.8 mm, its diameter 2.3 mm. The small, white shell has a turbinate shape. It is subdiaphanous, slightly shining, and perforated. Its sculpture consists of numerous fine microscopic spiral lirae. The spire is depressed conoidal. Its outlines are convex, lower than the aperture. The yellowish-white protoconch consists of 2 convex smooth whorls. The 3½ convex whorls are rapidly increasing. The periphery of the body whorl is rounded. The base of the shell is convex, with an impressed umbilical area. The suture is not much impressed. The circular aperture is oblique. Inside it is microscopically lirate. The peristome is continuous and thick. The arcuate columella is slightly expanded toward the narrow perforation,
sometimes partly concealing it. The horny operculum is multispiral with a central nucleus.

Distribution
This marine species is endemic to New Zealand and was found off South Island.

References

 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

densilirata
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1908