Doug Worgul (born September 13, 1953) is an American writer and editor based in Kansas City.

Early life and education
Raised mostly in Lansing, Michigan, Worgul is the oldest of three siblings.  He graduated from J.W. Sexton High School in 1971, and attended Gordon College (Massachusetts) from 1971 to 1972. He graduated from Western Michigan University in 1976 with a BA in political science, and again in 1977 with a M.A. in education, with an emphasis on the teaching of reading. While a student at Western Michigan University, he studied writing and poetry under Stuart Dybek. Worgul lived in Kalamazoo County, Michigan, from 1973 to 1989.

Career
Worgul moved to Kansas City in 1989 and worked for The Kansas City Star newspaper as a writer, book and features editor, and editor of Star Magazine from 1996 to 2006.  He was previously editor of Kansas City Magazine.  Prior to his work as a journalist, Worgul was a social worker and an advertising and marketing consultant.

A nationally recognized authority on the history and cultural significance of American barbecue traditions, Worgul has been interviewed and/or cited in numerous national and regional newspapers and magazines on the subject, and has also appeared on two History Channel programs. From 2010 to 2020, he was Director of Marketing at Joe's Kansas City Bar-B-Que. Worgul is the author of The Grand Barbecue: A Celebration of the History, Places, Personalities and Techniques of Kansas City Barbecue (Kansas City Star Books, 2001).

In 2003, while at The Kansas City Star, Worgul discovered a Toynbee Tile at the corner of 13th and Grand in downtown Kansas City. He wrote about the Kansas City Toynbee Tile and the worldwide Toynbee Tiles mystery in an award-winning article published on The Star's website. The article has been cited frequently in subsequent articles about the Toynbee Tile phenomenon.

Worgul's first novel, Thin Blue Smoke, set in a fictional barbecue joint in Kansas City, is a story of love, loss, despair, redemption, squandered gifts, second chances, whiskey, God, and the secret language of rabbits. It was published in the UK by Macmillan Publishers in 2009. The U.S. edition of Thin Blue Smoke was published by Burnside Books, now Bower House, in September 2012. A strong sense of place permeates Worgul's writing. His writing has been compared to that of John Irving, Richard Russo, Kent Haruf, David James Duncan, and Frederick Buechner. Thin Blue Smoke was a 2010 finalist for The People's Book Prize (UK). The Englewood Review of Books named Thin Blue Smoke its Novel of the Year in 2012. And the publishing blog, GalleyCat, named the book as one of 2012's 'Most Overlooked' books.

Matthew Quick, author of the critically acclaimed novel Silver Linings Playbook, praised Thin Blue Smoke, saying "As Norman Maclean's A River Runs Through It does for Montana fly-fishing, Doug Worgul's Thin Blue Smoke makes the poetry of Kansas City barbecue accessible to all readers. More than gorgeous prose and fully developed characters – this novel offers us catharsis. Communion has never tasted so good."

Rajiv Joseph, the Pulitzer Prize-nominated playwright also praised Worgul's Thin Blue Smoke, saying "Emerging from this book, I want to go back, I want to live with these characters for just a little longer, I want their voices in my head. Thin Blue Smoke is a wandering through a community bound by their shared histories, their dreams, and the food they love. It reminds me of the best things in life. Like the good food holding these stories together, you can't believe your luck when you sit down before a full plate. And Doug Worgul has done what all great writers strive to do: make you crave for more."

A review posted on Amazon (April 2020) said of Thin Blue Smoke “…the prose will draw you in like a John Prine song.”

In 2009, the (UK) website Mr B's Emporium of Reading Delights said Thin Blue Smoke was “As gentle & positive as a novel can be in the 21st century without being naff”.

Thin Blue Smoke has been included on annual assigned reading lists at The Barstow School. The book has also been taught at the University of Missouri Honors College and the Rutgers University Honors College.

The film and television rights to Thin Blue Smoke have been optioned.

On October 22, 2012, Worgul delivered a lecture at The Buechner Institute at King College in Bristol, Tennessee, as part of the annual Buechner Lecture Series. In July 2013, Worgul was named to the National Advisory Board of the Buechner Institute. Other members of the Advisory Board included theologian Walter Brueggemann, novelist Ron Hansen, essayist and memoirist Kathleen Norris, author Phyllis Tickle, and author Philip Yancey. In May 2014, Worgul was a featured speaker at Buechner Fest in Charlotte, North Carolina, an event devoted to the exploration and celebration of the works of Frederick Buechner.

In January 2019, Worgul was named the first Visiting Author in Residence at University of Missouri Honors College.

Personal life
Worgul is the grandson of Francena H. Arnold, author of Not My Will and nine other works of fiction. He has four daughters and eight grandchildren and lives in Leawood, Kansas with his wife.

Books

Novels
 Thin Blue Smoke (Macmillan, 2009) (Burnside Books, 2012) (Conundrum Press, 2015)

Non-Fiction
 A Table Full of Welcome (Kansas City Star Books, 2002)
 The Grand Barbecue: A Celebration of the History, Places, Personalities and Techniques of Kansas City Barbecue (Kansas City Star Books, 2001)
 Kansas City Quiltmakers: Portraits & Patterns (Kansas City Star Books, 2001)

References
"Meet Kansas City", Southwest Airlines Spirit Magazine, 2008,
Author bio, www.panmacmillan.com,

External links

 "Space Oddity", Kansas City Star, September 6, 2003
 Thin Blue Smoke on Amazon
 Publisher's official site

 12 Books of Fiction That Will Shape Your Theology
Looking for a Book to Read During the Holiday Break

1953 births
Living people
J. W. Sexton High School alumni
Western Michigan University alumni
The Kansas City Star people
Writers from Kalamazoo, Michigan
People from Battle Creek, Michigan
People from Lansing, Michigan
Writers from Michigan
Writers from Kansas City, Missouri


Stephen A. Geppi (born January 24, 1950) is an American comic book distributor, publisher and former comic store owner. Having established an early chain of comic shops in Baltimore in the mid-late 1970s, he is best known for his distributing business. Geppi founded Diamond Comic Distributors, the largest comic direct distribution service in 1982, and has served as the company's head to the present. Diamond Distribution became the successor to direct market pioneer Phil Seuling's distribution dream when Geppi took over New Media/Irjax's warehouses in 1982. He further bought out early-distributor Bud Plant in 1988, and main rival Capital City in 1996 to assume a near-monopoly on comics distribution, including exclusivity deals with the major comic book publishers.

Geppi became part owner of the Baltimore Orioles in 1993, and in 1994 purchased Baltimore magazine. He is president and publisher of Gemstone Publishing Inc., through which he publishes Russ Cochran's EC Comics reprints, Disney comics and Blue Book price guide The Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide.

In 1995, he founded Diamond International Galleries, which acquired Hake's Americana & Collectibles auction house (2004), and in 2005, Pennsylvania-based Morphy Auctions. In 2006, Geppi founded Geppi's Entertainment Museum in Baltimore.

Biography

Early life and career
Steve Geppi was born on January 24, 1950, in Little Italy, Baltimore and completed the 8th grade before leaving school. Geppi's "first job was handling the comics for a local store," where the nine-year-old avidly read comics including "his favorite Archie comics" and others. Ever the entrepreneur, Geppi "asked to be paid in comics [because]... [h]e could sell them off to other kids and make a better buck." By 1960, Geppi was "doing tax returns for his neighbors," and later also "handled football pools."

Having left school to support his mother, between 1964 and 1969, he undertook a number of "manual-labor jobs," while "dodging truant officers." He "enrolled in vocational school," but did not feel challenged – later recalling that "I had missed 45 days at the half, and I was on the honor roll" – and again dropped out. Later he worked for Lester White's Detecto Electronics "install[ing] burglar alarms and doorbells," before joining the U.S. Postal Service as a letter carrier. Starting aged 19 with "the crap jobs," (loading trucks and substituting for other carriers), Geppi was "starting a family... [and] needed... solid, steady work, something with a future." A "few years" after taking the carrier exam, he was assigned a flat "route in suburban Maryland," while "[t]he Postal Service kept raising salaries [and] Geppi's pay tripled in five years," allowing him to move "his growing family out to the suburbs." In the early seventies Geppi was a
member of the Jehovah's Witnesses and conducted many free home bible studies. Whether or not he is still affiliated with this organization is not known.

Geppi and family vacationed every summer in Wildwood, New Jersey. In the summer of 1972, his nephew (Georgie Kues) was "reading an old Batman comic book" in the rain, and Geppi found that "reading that Batman brought [back his childhood memories of comics]... He still loved comics [and] figured there were a lot of guys who would feel the same way." Buying "a batch of old comics from a woman on his mail route," he was soon "spending weekends at comic shows, buying and trading with other fans." After "setting up at comic book conventions as a part-time dealer," he ultimately realised that he could make more money that way than at his job with the postal services.

Career in comics

In 1974, Geppi announced his intention to quit his job and "open a comic book store." Geppi recalls that his colleagues "all laughed their heads off," while The Journal of Antiques and Collectibles quoted him as saying:

Already "making more money with the comics than as a mailman," he opened his first Geppi's Comic World comic store "in a hole under a TV repair shop" in Baltimore, and – while personally specialising in "older, collectible comics," – "began carrying new comics, chiefly as a means of attracting regular customers to the store each week." Geppi "stocked his store with collections he found through the classifieds, traveling the countryside in his beat-up blue Ford van." One of "the first specialty comic retailers in Maryland," Geppi built his business as the comics industry grew. Geppi recalls

By 1981/82 he had four stores, "including a tourist development in Harborplace, showplace of a reviving Maryland." Already "doing a little informal distributing... for smaller retailers," Geppi found himself "one of the biggest accounts" for New Media/Irjax. When his distributor "relocated to Florida, he asked Geppi to service more accounts for a bigger discount." One of the "last loyal customers" when New Media began having fiscal difficulties, Geppi made a deal: "[t]he owner was going into retail," so Geppi agreed to provide Schuster with "free books for a period of time in return for his account list," buying parts of the company, and founding Diamond Comic Distribution.

In June 1994, Success magazine featured Geppi on its cover, celebrating his "$250 Million Empire," and highlighting his co-ownership of the Baltimore Orioles.

Diamond Comic Distributors

Fore-runners
After Phil Seuling established the direct market c.1972, he maintained a virtual (if ill-run) monopoly on comics distribution until a lawsuit brought by New Media/Irjax in 1978. Irjax, "a paper distribution company formed by Hal Schuster... his father, Irwin, and his brother, Jack" achieved "a sizeable chunk of the direct-distribution market," but ultimately "filed for Chapter Seven bankruptcy in early 1982."

Foundation
Described by Mile High Comics' Chuck Rozanski as "brilliant," Steve Geppi had been a subdistributor for Hal Schuster in the late 1970s. In what Rozanski describes as an "incredibly risky and gutsy move," Geppi took over New Media/Irjax's "office and warehouse space" and, recalled Rozanski, had to "sort out the good customers from the bad overnight" negotiating with creditors to continue Schuster's distribution business as Diamond Comic Distribution. Almost overnight, noted Rozanski, "[h]e went from being a retailer in Baltimore to having warehouses all over the place." Geppi himself, according to Mike Friedrich "was someone whose work you could trust, who had a good reputation for honesty in the field [as a collector, retailer and distributor]."

Geppi named his company 'Diamond' "after the imprint Marvel Comics used on non-returnable comics," and although the "publisher discontinued the symbol" months later, the name remained. "Diamond grew an average of 40 percent a year," as comics retail took off. Many fans "with little experience" started rival companies only to "find they were in over their heads," allowing Geppi to "[buy] out the smart ones or pick... up the pieces after the stupid ones went out of business," according to Geppi employee Mark Herr. Geppi was aided in his efforts by the publishers themselves. In the early 1980s, Marvel and DC Comics groups provided trade terms favorable for larger distributors and those with efficient freight systems, effectively "play[ing] into the hands of the major distributors such as Capital and Diamond," and hastening the demise of smaller distributors.

In 1983, he hired an accounting firm, and in 1985 hired "no-nonsense CPA," Chuck Parker "as Diamond's first controller." Herr notes that this move was Geppi's "best decision," as Parker "cares nothing about the comics. To him, it's dollars and cents." Parker describes his role as "smooth[ing] the emotion out of some decisions. Steve [Geppi] is a visionary and a risk-taker... and I tend to be more conservative."

Expansion
After starting his business through buying New Media/Irjax's warehouses and offices in 1982, Geppi's distribution company has bought out many other distribution companies since. Most notably, Geppi bought up that of early mail order distributor Bud Plant, who had himself "bought out Charlie Abarr in the early 1980s." Plant had, since 1970, been selling underground comics, a field which Geppi and fellow-distributor Buddy Saunders had tended to steer clear of. After making $19 million in sales in 1987, Geppi's Diamond bought West Coast distributor Plant's business in 1988 "and went national" thereby assuming control of "40 percent of the direct-sales market." (Diamond and Capital City had control of at least 70% between them.)

By 1994, Diamond had "27 warehouses in the U.S., Canada, and the U.K., employ[ing] between 750 and 900 people," owned its own trucking line and controlled 45% of the market, making $222 million in sales. In 1995, Marvel Comics challenged Diamond and main rival Capital City Distribution by buying the third distributor – Heroes World – and distributing its titles in-house. Diamond reacted by outbidding Capital City for exclusive deals with Marvel's main rivals DC Comics, as well as Dark Horse and Image. Capital City's response saw it sign exclusive deals with Kitchen Sink Press and Viz Comics, but a year later faced the choice between bankruptcy and selling up. Diamond bought Capital City in 1996, assuming near-control of the comics distribution system. When Marvel's Heroes World endeavour failed, Diamond also forged an exclusive deal with Marvel – giving the company its own section of comics catalog Previews (not least because the DC/Dark Horse/Image deal gave contractual prominence to those companies) – making "Geppi... the sole king of comics industry distribution in the summer of 1996."

Criticism
In 1983, Geppi was criticised for taking exception to certain adult-themed titles and scenes, effectively causing the cancellation of a series called "Void Indigo" for its excessive violence. Later in 1987, Geppi responded to "a graphic childbirth scene in Miracleman #9 (written by Alan Moore), Geppi wrote to retailers that:

Geppi lost customers with this approach, however, "and eventually backed down." He recalls compromising, and accepting "that as a distributor, I owed the retailers the product they wanted."

Geppi's position in the comics industry, in which Diamond was "the sole source of most new comics products to comics specialty shops," ultimately saw the company become the subject of "an investigation by the U.S. Justice department for possible antitrust violations." The investigation was dropped in November 2000, "with no action deemed necessary."

Affiliations
Diamond Comic Distribution, in addition to having cornered the American comics distribution market, also includes a number of subsidiary and affiliated companies. UK and European comics distribution is served by Diamond UK, based in London, England. Alliance Game Distributors, Inc. distributes Role-playing games, "Collectible Card Games, Miniature Games, Anime, Board Games," and other periphery elements for gamers. Alliance also publishes Game Trade Magazine.

In 2002, Diamond consolidated its book trade into Diamond Book Distributors, marketing comics-related books and trade paperbacks to bookstores including "Barnes & Noble, Ingram, Baker & Taylor, WaldenBooks, Amazon.com [and] Borders.

Publications
Diamond's monthly comics retail catalog, Previews, has been produced by Diamond for over twenty years for store owners to order products from. It is additionally available for sale to customers to facilitate personal orders. Comics publishers vie for space within the publication's pages, with Dark Horse Comics, DC Comics, IDW Publishing, and Image Comics (four of the top five publishers) taking precedence. Marvel Comics has its own separate section of Previews available separately, for contractual reasons.

Diamond also publishes (through Gemstone and Diamond International Galleries) a weekly e-newsletter dealing with collectibles, called Scoop.

Diamond International Galleries
In 1995, Geppi "opened Diamond International Galleries," a showplace for comics and collectibles, part of Geppi's attempts to "see... collectibles attain serious respect." Nine years later, Diamond International Galleries purchased "one of the country’s first, and most respected, collectibles auction houses: Hake's Americana & Collectibles." In 2005, Geppi added the "Denver, Pennsylvania-based Morphy Auctions" to his growing stable of parts of the collectibles market, which already included publishing the main comics price guide: The Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide.

Geppi describes his International Galleries as being "at the heart of many significant opportunities to preserve, promote and present historical comic character collectibles," an endeavor that led to his establishing Geppi's Entertainment Museum. Geppi's galleries showcase much of his private collection, including comics, movie posters, toys, original artwork by individuals including "Carl Barks, Gustav Tengren (sic), Alex Ross, Murphy Anderson, Joe Shuster, Joe Simon and Charles Schulz."

Through this, Geppi has assisted "in such projects as DC's Archive series," as well as hosting industry events.

Geppi's Entertainment Museum

Geppi's Entertainment Museum was a museum in Baltimore, Maryland, tracing the history of pop culture in American over the last four hundred years. Its collections included newspapers, magazines, comic books, movies, television, radio and video game memorabilia, including comic books, movie posters, toys, buttons, badges, cereal boxes, trading cards, dolls and figurines. The majority of the exhibits came from Geppi's private collection. Geppi's daughter Melissa "Missy" Geppi-Bowersox became the executive vice-president of the museum in 2007, after Wendy Kelman left the museum on August 31, 2007, to start her own tourism consulting firm.

In May 2018, Geppi announced that Geppi Entertainment Museum would be closing after Sunday, June 3, 2018. Much of the material was donated to the United States Library of Congress.

Publishing

In 1994, Geppi purchased Baltimore magazine, "a 50,000 circulation monthly and one of the nation's oldest regional publications."

Gemstone Publishing

Geppi's publishing ventures in the field of comics saw him form Gemstone Publishing Inc., which was formed in large part from other purchases. In 1992, Geppi and Diamond bought Ernst Gerber Publishing (publisher-author of the Photo-Journal Guide to Comics). E. Gerber Products, LLC is a Diamond-affiliated company started by Gerber in 1977 which sells Mylar bags as well as "acid-free boxes and acid-free backing boards" for comics collectors to store their collection in. In 1993, Geppi bought Russ Cochran Publishing. Long-term EC Comics fan Cochran auctioned Bill Gaines' personal file copies of EC publications, as well as most pages of original EC artwork (which, almost uniquely, Gaines had maintained ownership and possession of), before being granted the reprint rights to the EC back catalog itself. Geppi included Cochran's publications – and Cochran himself – under his new imprint, Gemstone Publishing.

In 1994, Geppi bought Overstreet Publishing, taking up the publishing reins of official-Blue Book priceguide The Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide, and other related publications, bringing them under the Gemstone imprint. Geppi's publishing activities with Gemstone Publishing consist primarily of reprints of classic titles and artworks, as well as publications (including professional fanzines "pro-zines") focusing heavily on the history of the comics medium. Many Gemstone publications revolve around Comic Book Marketplace-editor and EC-shepherd Russ Cochran.

EC Comics reprints

Cochran, like Geppi, was a particular fan of Carl Barks' Disney comics, and had previously-published EC reprints in association with Disney-reprinter Gladstone Publishing. In the early 1990s, Geppi's Gemstone embarked on a full series of reprints of classic EC titles, starting with new reprints of the Cochran/Gladstone-reprints of The Haunt of Fear, The Vault of Horror and Weird Science (all 1992). Gemstone also republished (in single issue and 'annual' – four issues per 'annual' – format) EC's 'New Trend' and 'New Direction' titles between 1992 and 2000.

In 2005, Gemstone added to Cochran's earlier-published oversize, hardback, black & white slip-cased "The Complete EC Library" collections with the complete Picto-Fiction collection, comprising the EC comics: Confessions Illustrated, Crime Illustrated, Shock Illustrated and Terror Illustrated, along with "18 previously unseen stories, never published before".

In 2006, Gemstone began producing a more durable and luxurious series of hardback reprint collections; the EC Archives – similar to the DC Archives and Marvel Masterworks volumes – which reprint in full-color hardback ('archival') format sequential compilations of the EC titles. Designed by art director/designer Michael Kronenberg, a number of volumes have been released, with the entirety of the "New Trend" and "New Direction" planned for eventual release. These EC Archives volumes have drawn praise for their quality, and feature introductions by such notable EC fans as George Lucas, Steven Spielberg, Joe Dante and Paul Levitz, et al.

Disney comics

In December 2002, it was announced that "Gemstone Publishing had signed the license to publishing Disney comics in North America," with ex-Gladstone Publishing editor-in-chief John Clark joining Gemstone in the same position over its Disney line. Launched with a title for Free Comic Book Day 2003, the line started soon after with Walt Disney's Comics and Stories and Walt Disney's Uncle Scrooge, both described by Clark as "monthly 64-page prestige-format books at $6.95, which is the same price they were when last produced, in 1998." Other titles followed, although the status of the remaining Disney titles is unknown as of December 2008.

Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide

The (Official) Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide, first published by Robert M. Overstreet in 1970 as one of the earliest authorities on American comic book industry grading and collection values. Overstreet sold his company to Gemstone in 1994, but continued to "serve as author and/or publisher of Geppi's Entertainment Publishing & Auctions' line of books." Publication of the Price Guide was taken over by Gemstone in 1998, Gemstone took over publication, and the twenty-eighth edition to the present have been (co-)published by Geppi's Gemstone publications. The guides 39th edition was published by Gemstone Publishing in 2009.

Overstreet also produced a variety of smaller publications updating his yearly guides on a to-monthly schedule. The most recent of these – Overstreet's Comic Price Review – began publication from Gemstone in July 2003, and was a monthly publication designed to update the yearly price guide more regularly, as well as provide articles, analysis and various lists of comics prices.

Gemstone published more than a hundred issues of the magazine Comic Book Marketplace, a monthly magazine for comics fans focusing heavily on the Golden and Silver ages, while more popular magazines (such as Wizard) skew more recent in focus.

Future
In early 2009, the future of Gemstone Publishing was unclear, after reports of unpaid printing bills, particularly from the EC Archives. In April, Geppi responded to the uncertainty, noting that while there had been "a reduction in staff at Gemstone," such moves did "not [signal] the end of Gemstone Publishing." Geppi hinted at "new developments" for the Overstreet Price Guide in 2010, and stated that while "no final decision has been made regarding The EC Archives or our comic books featuring Disney's standard characters... it seems certain that both lines will continue in some form."

Other work
In February 1993, he was profiled for "a local business magazine," and the article ultimately caught the attention of Ernst & Young. Geppi was thus awarded the regional 'Entrepreneur of the Year' award for 1993. Celebrating his win at the Camden Club, Geppi was introduced to "prominent local attorney" Peter Angelos, who had also "[grown] up in one of Baltimore's ethnic neighborhoods," and the two had mutual friends.

Baseball
Having been an "avid baseball fan, who as a youngster dreamed of playing professional ball," "[d]uring Diamond’s period of early growth, Geppi... was quoted as saying he dreamed of owning his hometown Baltimore Orioles." In 1993, Angelos was "assembling a group" to do just that, and thus helped Geppi "[realize] his lifelong dream," when Geppi joined the group. The group "paid $173 million for the team," and Geppi was "the third-largest investor" behind Angelos and novelist Tom Clancy. Geppi "attends almost every Orioles' home game."

Charity work
As well as his business interests, Geppi holds – or has held – positions on the board of "a number of local charitable organizations." Among them are "[the] Babe Ruth Museum, Baltimore Reads, Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Grant-A-Wish Foundation, House with a Heart, International Museum of Cartoon Art, National Aquarium in Baltimore, Pathfinders, Port Discovery – The Children's Museum, U.S.S. Constellation Foundation, United Way of Central Maryland and the University of Maryland, College Park Foundation."

Personal life
In 1998 Geppi was described in Businessweek as having been the "[c]ompanion of Mindy Stout for eight years, with [at the time] one daughter." Geppi also has a son with Mindy. In addition, Geppi has "four children from a previous marriage and [in 1998] two grandchildren."

See also
Bill Schanes

Notes

External links
Geppi's Entertainment Museum

1950 births
Living people
American publishing chief executives
Comics industry


Tassaduq Hussain Jillani (born 6 July 1949)  is a Pakistani judge who served as the 21st Chief Justice of Pakistan from 2013 to 2014. He previously served as a Justice of the Supreme Court from 2004, after being nominated Justice of the Lahore High Court by Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in 1994.

Born in Multan, Jillani was educated at Forman Christian College and University of the Punjab. He served as Advocate General Punjab in 1993 before his elevation as judge. As Justice of the Supreme Court, Jillani refused to take oath under General Pervez Musharraf during emergency rule in 2007, and his post was rendered nonfunctional. After the Lawyers' Movement, he was restored to the bench in 2009.

Considered a progressive judge, Jillani was a strong proponent of civil liberties and fundamental rights, authoring landmark decisions on women's rights, honour killings, and the right to education. He also authored the suo moto decision on the protection of minorities and freedom of religion after the Peshawar church attack in 2013, widely held as the broadest interpretation of religious freedom laws in Pakistan's history.

His name was proposed for caretaker prime minister by opposition party Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf in 2018.

Early life and education

Tassaduq Hussain Jillani was born in Multan, Pakistan. After graduating from high school, Jillani attended Government Emerson College Multan and Forman Christian College University, where he earned BA and MS degrees in political science. He then gained a Bachelor of Laws from the Punjab University. On a Higher Education Commission scholarship, Jillani later completed a course in constitutional Law from the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies of the London University.
Jillani was honoured with a "Doctorate in Humane letters" from Southern Virginia University in a special convocation on 12 October 2007.

Legal career
After completing his studies, Jillani started his law practice in 1974, in the district courts of Multan. After enrolling as an advocate at the Lahore High Court, he was elected General Secretary of the Lahore High Court Bar Association in 1976, and became a member of the Punjab Bar Council in 1978.

He was appointed Assistant Advocate-General of Punjab in July 1979 and enrolled as an advocate of the Supreme Court in 1983. In 1988, he was promoted to Additional Advocate-General of Punjab, before becoming Advocate-General of the province in 1993.

Judicial career
On 7 August 1994, Jillani was elevated as a judge of the Lahore High Court after his nomination was approved by Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. He was elevated to the Supreme Court of Pakistan in 2004 by Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz.

Emergency rule suspension and reinstatement
On 7 November 2007, Jillani was one of the senior justices who refused to take a fresh oath of office, following the imposition of emergency rule by military ruler Pervez Musharraf. The justices regarded the Provisional Constitutional Order law by which to take oath, instituted by Musharraf, as unconstitutional. Jillani was among the senior justices that were forcefully retired and detained directly from the Supreme Court.

This exacerbated the Lawyers' Movement against the Musharraf regime, and led to the reinstatement of the suspended judiciary on 23 March 2009. Prime Minister Gilani announced that President Asif Zardari had issued an executive order that restored the pre-Emergency judiciary, including the Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry. All deposed justices accepted reappointment.

On 31 July 2009, a full 14-member bench including Jillani held the declaration of emergency and imposition of PCO illegal and invalid. It also held that the removal of all justices from the higher judiciary was not valid, and that the reappointment of justices had no legal effect as their removal in the first place was not valid.

Acting Chief Election Commissioner

On 17 August 2013, Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry appointed Jillani to act as Chief Election Commissioner with immediate effect till the appointment of a new Commissioner. He succeeded former Justice Fakhruddin Ebrahim, who resigned from the office on 30 July 2013. His appointment as chief election commissioner was secured through the by-election clauses of the Constitution.

Chief Justice of Pakistan
After appointing the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif approved the nomination papers of Senior Justice Jillani to be elevated as Chief Justice, upon the constitutional retirement of the Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry which due for 12 December 2013. Per Prime Minister Sharif's nomination, President Mamnoon Hussain approved the appointment the same day.

Upon approval of his nomination, Senior Justice Jillani immediately resigned as Chief Election Commissioner and passed the office to fellow Senior Justice Nasir-ul-Mulk. On 12 December 2013, President Mamnoon Hussain, alongside chaired with Prime Minister Sharif, administered the oath to JSenior Justice Jillani as the Chief Justice.

Immediately after his oath, Justice Jillani declined special security protocol, and directed Interior Minister Chaudhry Nisar not to impose restrictions on commuters during his passage.

He also took suo motu action against the court administration for allowing only one news channel to exclusively cover the full-court reference in honour of the outgoing Justice Chaudhry. Justice Chaudhry's principal secretary was found to be involved, and was transferred to the human rights cell as a result.

Suo Moto Case 1 of 2014
The Jillani Court took suo moto action following a petition filed by Justice Helpline regarding the Peshawar church attack in 2013, as well as other petitions filed by the Hindu community against desecration of their places of worship and press reports citing threats to the Kalash tribe by the Pakistani Taliban. On 19 June 2014, the Supreme Court issued a landmark decision on the protection of minorities and freedom of religion, authored by Justice Jillani in a bench also comprising Justices Azmat Saeed and Mushir Alam. The decision's expansion of freedom of religious expression in Pakistan has been compared to Brown v. Board of Education outlawing segregation in the United States.

World Justice Project
Tassaduq Hussain Jillani serves as an Honorary Co-Chair for the World Justice Project. The World Justice Project works to lead a global, multidisciplinary effort to strengthen the Rule of Law for the development of communities of opportunity and equity.

In July 2008, when Senior Justice Jillani was invited by the American Bar Association to receive and accept the Rule of Law Award on behalf of those judges of Pakistan who demonstrated courage in upholding the Rule of Law in the country, he penned:

Judicial philosophy
Jillani was considered a liberal and progressive judge, and at times described as the most moderate member of the Supreme Court. He was a proponent of the "living constitution", but often emphasized a "trichotomy of powers" and judicial restraint in the aftermath of the Chaudhry Court. While hearing a case related to banking redundancies, Jillani's jurisprudence notably read as it was "for the bank management to decide about the usefulness of the employees"— an unusual ruling in a court known for its populist judgments.

Personal life
Jillani is the son of Muhammad Ramzan Shah Jillani. He is married to Khalida Jillani, and they have three sons and a daughter. Jillani is the uncle of former Foreign Secretary Jalil Jilani, and a distant relation to former Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani.

Library and literary enthusiasm
Justice Jillani is described as an avid enthusiast of poetry, antiques and classical films. When a biographical documentary on him was aired on news channels, a retired librarian of the Supreme Court building, Muhammad Aslam, quoted that "Justice Jillani managed the affairs of the library and made sure to add thousands of new judicial and non-judicial books to its shelves.

He also authored and penned a theme song, Justice for All!, sung by various Pakistan's singers at the 50th Anniversary of the Supreme Court of Pakistan. The song has been declared as the Judicial Anthem of Pakistan by former Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry.

Works

Jillani, Tassaduq H. "Defending the Constitution under the Rule of Law", American Bar Association Press, 2009.
Jillani, Tassaduq H. The Rule of Law in an Age of Globalized Interdependence, American Bar Association
Jillani, Tassaduq H. "Women in Law" International Bar Association Annual Conference, Dubai, 2011
Jillani, Tassaduq H. Towards a dynamic constitutional order, Supreme Court of Pakistan Press (1971), ASIN: B0014N4DQY

See also
 Haziqul Khairi
 Saqib Nisar
 Nasir-ul-Mulk
 Supreme Court of Pakistan

References

External links
 Movement for Rule of Law, Related to Lawyers Movement Pakistan.
 Chief Justice News, covering the issue since 2007.

1949 births
Living people
Chief Justices of Pakistan
Chief Election Commissioners of Pakistan
Forman Christian College alumni
Government Emerson College alumni
Pakistani judges
Pakistani jurists
Pakistani scholars
People from Multan
University of the Punjab alumni


The School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences established in 1977, is the pharmacy school of Trinity College Dublin located in Dublin,. It is one of three centres in the Ireland that provides education in Pharmacy. It was based at Woodside House on Shrewsbury Road in Ballsbridge. Since 2006 it is currently housed in the Panoz Institute adjacent to the Hamilton Building at the east end of Trinity College Dublin. The Head of School is Professor John Gilmer.

References

1977 establishments in Ireland
Trinity College Dublin
Educational institutions established in 1977


Gabriel Clarke (born 1981 in Ballygalget, County Down) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling with his local club Ballygalget and has been a member of the Down senior inter-county team since 2000.

Playing career

Club
Clarke plays his hurling with his local club in Ballygalget and has enjoyed much success. He first came to prominence in the late 1990s when the club captured three county senior championship titles in-a-row between 1997 and 1999.  After a period out of the limelight Ballygalget returned in 2003 with Clarke collecting another county winners' medal. It was the first of another three-in-a-row for Ballygalget and for Clarke. The third of these victories was subsequently converted into an Ulster club title following a defeat of Cushendall.

In 2008 Clarke won his latest county senior championship winners’ medal following an eleven-point trouncing of Portaferry.

Inter-county
Clarke first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Down minor hurling team in the late 1990s. He enjoyed little success in this grade and made his senior championship debut as a nineteen-year-old in 2000. After some success in the 1990s the new century proved to be an unhappy time for Down's hurling team as Antrim and Derry reclaimed their status as the standard-bearers in the provincial championship. Clarke lined out in further Ulster finals in 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008, however, he ended up on the losing side on all six occasions.

In 2005 a restructuring of the championship saw Down being entered in the Christy Ring Cup, effectively a competition for the ‘second-tier’ hurling teams. Clarke's side did well in their debut year and even reached the final of the competition. Westmeath provided the opposition on that occasion, however, at the full-time whistle Down were defeated by 1–23 to 2-18. The team, however, have failed to build on this in recent years.

Inter-provincial
Clarke has also lined out with Ulster in the inter-provincial hurling competition. He has enjoyed little success with his province as Ulster have failed to even qualify for the Railway Cup final in recent years.

References

1981 births
Living people
Ballygalget hurlers
Down inter-county hurlers
Ulster inter-provincial hurlers


United Nations Security Council Resolution 385, adopted unanimously on January 30, 1976, recalled previous resolutions on the topic as well as an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice that South Africa was under obligation to withdraw its presence from the Territory of Namibia.  The Resolution reaffirmed the United Nations' legal responsibility over Namibia, expressed its concern over the continued illegal actions of South Africa and deplored the militarization of Namibia.

The Council then demanded that South Africa put an end to its policy of bantustans and its attempts calculated to evade the demands of the United Nations.  The rest of the resolution demands that South Africa promise to allow a UN-organized election to select a future government, release all political prisoners, leave Namibia and respect international law.

See also
 History of Namibia
 List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 301 to 400 (1971–1976)
 South West Africa

References
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org

External links

 0385
 0385
 0385
January 1976 events


Asaf Shariv (Hebrew: אסף שריב) (born April 6, 1972) was Israel’s Consul General in New York from August 2007 until 2010. He is the youngest diplomat to date that has ever been designated this position. Prior to his appointment, Shariv was the Director of Media and Public Affairs to Prime Ministers Ehud Olmert and Ariel Sharon, where his responsibilities included supervising the Government’s Press Office and Advertising Bureau. He was also the spokesman for various government agencies, such as the Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations (Mossad), the Atomic Energy Committee, the National Security Committee and the Counter-Terrorism Unit.

In 2002, when Shariv joined the Prime Minister’s Office as Senior Advisor to Ariel Sharon’s Chief-of-Staff, he sat on the Prime Minister’s committee that discussed strategic issues with the American government, and was instrumental in formalizing the MOU between Israel and the United States regarding the Road Map for Peace. He was also a member of the special task force that dealt with issues such as the route of the security fence, the disengagement from Gaza and the U.S. guarantees on Israeli bonds.

Biography
Consul General Shariv got his start in Public Affairs in 1990, as a soldier in the IDF, during which time he was a reporter and senior editor for the weekly BaMachane, the official newspaper of the Israeli military. In 1993, Mr. Shariv was promoted to Acting Editor-in-Chief of BaMachane. From 1994-1995, he worked as a deputy editor at Globes newspaper.

Education
In 1997, he earned a degree in law from The Interdisciplinary Center of Israel, and until 2002 practiced as an attorney at the Tel-Aviv firm of Weissglass-Almagor.

References

Israeli consuls
Israeli lawyers
1972 births
Living people


Yma o Hyd (English: "Still Here") is a Welsh language folk song by Dafydd Iwan. The song was released during Iwan and Ar Log's 'Taith Macsen' ("Macsen's Journey") tour in 1983. Since then it has continued to gain popularity at cultural and sporting events.

Background

Iwan was described by Ned Thomas as "the master" of the popular songs that accompanied the growth of Welsh nationalism in the 1960s. These songs were often characterised by both satirical and political themes as well as historical references. Indeed, Iwan became a key figure in Welsh culture as a well known television personality, recording artist and an outspoken member of Welsh nationalist organisations. Iwan's early career has been described as playing a major role "in mobilising the Welsh popular music scene in a nationalist linguistic direction."

However, by the time Iwan wrote Yma o Hyd, his life and career was much more troubled, having been imprisoned four times for his activism and also in the middle of a "terrible divorce". Iwan was also "feeling demoralised" by recent political events; including the rejection of a devolved Welsh government in a 1979 referendum, the political ideology of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, and the Libertarian economic policies that were soon to cause the 1984 Miners' Strike.

It was against this background that Iwan was looking to write a song that would "raise the spirits". During a conversation with his friend, the historian and Plaid Cymru MP Gwynfor Evans Iwan is said to have been given the initial idea for the song, which draws parallels between what he saw as the contemporary threats to Wales and the historical threats the Welsh people had suffered, confronted, and survived since Magnus Maximus withdrew the Legions at the de facto end of Roman rule. As such, Iwan hoped the song would "remind people we still speak Welsh against all odds. To show we are still here".

Composition

The song consists of three verses and a repeated chorus, with the opening and closing verses reference Macsen Wledig. Macsen is a prominent figure in Medieval Welsh literature, recorded in the sixth century by Gildas and in the ninth century work, Historia Brittonum where Macsen is said to have transferred authority back to British rulers. As such, Macsen is the common progenerator listed in the earliest Welsh genealogies and on the Pillar of Eliseg, erected by a Welsh king who was still claiming Macsen as an ancestor nearly 500 years after he left Britain. He was considered the founding father of several medieval Welsh dynasties, including those of the Kingdom of Powys and the Kingdom of Gwent, and he figures in lists of the Fifteen Tribes of Wales. In Welsh legend, Macsen appears in stories such as Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig (English: The Dream of Emperor Maximus) which features in the White Book of Rhydderch.

In Yma o Hyd, Iwan uses the still common knowledge of Macsen to show that the memory and culture of the Ancient Britons is still here, with the Welsh language being a Brythonic language that the ancient Britons would have spoken.

The third verse references Macsen alongside the eighteenth century caricature Dic Siôn Dafydd and the contemporary figure of Margaret Thatcher. Iwan hoped to parallel the troubles of ancient Wales with the more modern threats to the nation, to demonstrate the fortitude and survival of the Welsh culture at a time he felt it was most threatened.

Cultural impact
Iwan debuted the song on his 1983 tour with the folk band Ar Log. The "Macsen tour" (named for Yma o Hyd's references to Macsen Wledig) was a great success, with Iwan and Ar Log deciding to release a joint album of the new music later in the year.

As a response to Thatcherism
During the 1984-85 miners' strike, Iwan would sing Yma o Hyd on the picket lines on numerous occasions, as well as performing it for quarry workers and farmers. Iwan stated that "the effects of Thatcherism were so blatant, so far-reaching. And Welshness was in turmoil. Yma o Hyd was a deliberate antidote to that."

It has been suggested that the song played a "not insignificant" role in raising the morale of Welsh nationalists during Margaret Thatcher's 1980s tenure as Prime Minister of the UK. The original version of the song refers to Thatcher, "Er gwaetha hen Fagi a'i chriw" ("Despite old Maggie and her crew”). Following Thatcher's ordered closure of Welsh mines, fewer than 40% of Welsh households were headed by someone in full-time employment by 1986 and "two-thirds of Welsh miners would become redundant".

Impact on education and language
The song also inspired a resurgence of support for Welsh medium education and (amongst other factors) contributed to the delivery of the Education Reform Act of 1988. The song also contributed to support for the Welsh language, namely the Welsh Language Act 1993, which placed Welsh on equal footing with English in Wales for the first time in UK history.

Impact on devolution and nationalism
The song contributed to support for a National Assembly for Wales (later renamed Senedd) and in 1998 the Welsh electorate voted in favour of Welsh devolution. In January 2020, the song reached number one in the UK iTunes chart, spurred on by purchases by supporters of Welsh independence group YesCymru. The campaign mirrored the success of the Wolfe Tones song "Come Out, Ye Black and Tans" earlier that month.

In sport

Even before the release of Yma o Hyd, Iwan's music had a long association with Llanelli RFC. Most notably, Ray Gravell would sing Iwan's songs for his Llanelli, Wales and British and Irish Lions team mates. The song would become a more official team anthem in the 1990s when Gravell became president of the club and arranged for the song to be played everytime Llanelli and the Scarlets scored. Since the Parc y Scarlets stadium was opened in 2008, the words "Yma o Hyd" has been displayed above the players tunnel.

In more recent years has been sung by supporters of Wrexham A.F.C and Cardiff City FC and has also become an unofficial anthem for the Wales national football team. The players requested that Dafydd Iwan perform the song live before kick off of the penultimate game of the FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign against Austria, winning 2–1. The song was also sung live by Iwan in the final match of the campaign that saw Wales qualify for the FIFA World Cup for the first time since 1958 after defeating Ukraine 1–0. Gareth Bale, the Welsh captain, also led the Welsh team in singing along with Iwan after the final whistle. Wales national football team coach, Rob Page, said about the song, "Yma o Hyd, that's a massive anthem for us now. Chris Gunter started it. We played it every day before training and on the coach, and that's something we've got now as our anthem. It's a big part of what we're all about." The song reached No.1 in the iTunes charts once again in June 2022 following a campaign by Welsh football supporters.

A new version of the song was used for the official soundtrack and music video for Wales at the 2022 FIFA World Cup, featuring voices of y Wal Goch (Red Wall) of Wales fans. Dafydd Iwan said of the new remix, “It's an impossible dream come true and the incredible sound of The Red Wall on this track is exciting and inspiring to hear ...No other nation will have anything like this to inspire their team on the grandest stage of them all.” The official video includes highlights and low points of Welsh football history and significant cultural moments. Some moments featured include the miners' strike, Iwan being released from prison following his arrest for vandalising road signs as part of a campaign for the Welsh language and Michael Sheen's speech to the Wales squad.

In 2022, a poll found that 35% of the people of Wales knew some of the words to Yma o Hyd.

Use in media

 A chapter on the history of the song and its context appears in Siôn Jobbins's book The Phenomenon of Welshness, or 'How many aircraft carriers would an independent Wales need?' .
 A version of the song appears in the Welsh black comedy film The Toll, released in the UK in 2021.
 The song was sampled in a bilingual rap song as part of Wales' FIFA World Cup campaign by rap artist Sage Todz, titled "O HYD".
 Episode 10 of season 2 of Welcome to Wrexham covers the Gresford disaster and closes the episode with a subtitled rendition of Yma o Hyd.

References

Welsh patriotic songs
Welsh folk songs
Welsh traditions
1981 songs
Wales national football team


Andrei Ivanovich Otyutsky (; born 27 April 1982) is a former Russian professional footballer.

Club career
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 2001 for FC Dynamo Moscow.

Honours
 Russian Second Division, Zone South best defender: 2010.

References

1982 births
People from Armavir, Russia
Living people
Russian men's footballers
FC Dynamo Moscow players
FC Luch Vladivostok players
FC SKA Rostov-on-Don players
FC Salyut Belgorod players
Russian Premier League players
FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk players
FC Volgar Astrakhan players
FC Sodovik Sterlitamak players
FC Armavir players
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Krasnodar Krai


KOHA-LD, virtual and UHF digital channel 27, branded on-air as Telemundo Nebraska, is a low-power Telemundo-affiliated television station licensed to Omaha, Nebraska, United States. The station is owned by Flood Communications, which is controlled by attorney and businessman Mike Flood. KOHA-LD's studios and transmitter are located on John Galt Boulevard in southwestern Omaha.

History
The station was formerly owned by Cornhusker Television and rebroadcast the Home Shopping Network on channel 65 before going dark in 2006. In 2007, the station returned to the air for a short period on channel 48, with an analog signal displaying a test pattern with the call sign and channel number. After a few months, the station again went dark.

In May 2009, the sale of the station to Word of God Fellowship, which runs the Daystar, was announced. The sale was completed on October 9, 2009.

A construction permit for digital broadcasting on channel 47 was allowed to expire on July 12, 2010. During this time, the analog signal also remained off the air. In September 2011, Word of God Fellowship filed a new application with the FCC to flash-cut to digital broadcasting on channel 48. This application was approved on October 6, 2011. KOHA-LP returned to the air, transmitting Daystar programming over an analog signal, in November 2011. On July 9, 2012, KOHA-LP began broadcasting a digital signal.

On August 2, 2012, the station changed its call sign to KOHA-LD. As of Spring 2018, the station is owned by Flood Communications and operates as a Telemundo affiliate as Telemundo Nebraska. It is the first Spanish language television affiliate in Omaha since former Azteca America affiliated KAZO-LP (2002-2007) and KXVO-DT2 (2008-2014).

KOHA-LD carries News Channel Nebraska on its second carrier and, as of August 4, 2018, Daystar on its third carrier.

On October 18, 2018, another channel 27, KFDY-LD, in Lincoln, became KOHA's sister station translator, and rebroadcasting began transmitting from its relocated tower at Southeast Lincoln of Yankee Hill Rd, and returns on air for the first time since October 20, 2017, the transmitter collapsed at N 27th & Superior St and strong wind conditions, leaving the station off the air in the Lincoln area.

Digital channels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

References

External links

Television stations in Omaha, Nebraska
Telemundo network affiliates
Daystar Television Network affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1992
OHA-LD


Mojtaba Samareh Hashemi is an Iranian politician. He was a "senior adviser" to Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and deputy interior minister for political affairs.  He is said to have "strong ties to the Revolutionary Guard Corps and to the intelligence services" and to be "a constant presence at the president's side, in every cabinet meeting and during midday prayers at the office..." and acting "more as a cross between Iran's Karl Rove and a [American] president's chief of staff."

He studied with Ahmadinejad at the Iran University of Science and Technology in the late 1970s, and like Ahmadinejad, he is a dedicated student of "ultra-conservative" cleric Mohammad-Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi. Later on, thanks to their friendship, Ahmadinejad received his first official job, as the mayor of Maku and Khoy, near the border with Turkey. Reportedly, Samareh's connections with the Basij enabled Ahmadinejad to establish relations with that group and with the Revolutionary Guard Corps.

Prior to his role as adviser he was sponsored by Mohammad-Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi for, and quickly appointed to, a critical job, director of placements, at the Foreign Ministry of Iran, in the early 1990s. In September 2006 he flew to Paris to deliver a private message to President Jacques Chirac from president Ahmadinejad. Very shortly afterward, he was appointed deputy interior minister for political affairs, (though he continued his full-time duties as senior adviser). In October 2006 he was "appointed head of the election commission, supervisor of the poll for the Assembly of Experts." Despite his close association with Mesbah-Yazdi, that cleric did not do well in the election and only came in sixth-place finish in the Tehran municipality, "barely squeezing into his seat in the Assembly". Samareh Hashemi resigning from the election commission a "few months later in the summer of 2007."

References

Living people
Iranian Vice Ministers
Iran University of Science and Technology alumni
Presidential advisers of Iran
Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran politicians
People from Kerman Province
Year of birth missing (living people)
Iranian campaign managers


Live May 11, 1968 is a live album by the American psychedelic rock band H. P. Lovecraft and was released in 1991.  The eight tracks included on the album were all recorded at The Fillmore in San Francisco, California, on May 11, 1968, soon after the band's original bass player Jerry McGeorge had been replaced by Jeffrey Boyan.  The album consists of material taken from the band's first two studio albums and features very good sound quality considering the era in which it was recorded.

The original release of the album on Sundazed Records (Edsel Records in Europe) went out of print in the late 1990s, but it was reissued again by Sundazed in 2000.  The album is also currently available as a digital download from iTunes.

Track listing
"Wayfaring Stranger" (traditional, arranged by George Edwards) – 10:24
"The Drifter" (Tim Edmundson) – 8:24
"It's About Time" (Terry Callier) – 4:55
"The White Ship" (George Edwards, Dave Michaels, Tony Cavallari) – 7:02
"At the Mountains of Madness" (George Edwards, Dave Michaels, Tony Cavallari) – 4:33
"That's the Bag I'm In" (Fred Neil) – 3:35
"I've Been Wrong Before" (Randy Newman) – 2:54
"Country Boy & Bleeker Street" (Fred Neil) – 3:46

Personnel
George Edwards - vocals, guitar
Dave Michaels - vocals, organ
Jeffery Boyan  - bass, vocals
Tony Cavallari - lead guitar, vocals
Michael Tegza - drums

References

Albums recorded at the Fillmore
1991 live albums
Demon Music Group live albums
Sundazed Records live albums
H. P. Lovecraft (band) albums


Sounds of Love was Bobby Vinton's twenty-first studio album, released in 1970. This album was his third instrumental album and his first in nine years. All the songs on this album feature Vinton on the saxophone rather than vocals.

Track listing

Personnel
Bobby Vinton - vocals
Chuck Cochran - piano
Warren Vincent - sound supervision
Frank Laico - engineer
Stan Weiss - engineer
Peter Basch - front cover photography
Suzanne Szasz - back cover photography

1970 albums
Bobby Vinton albums
Epic Records albums


Briggs was an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia from 1985 to 1993. The district was based in the northern suburbs of Adelaide.

Briggs was a safe Labor seat. It was abolished in 1993, with sitting member Mike Rann successfully moving to the nearby seat of Ramsay. Much of the Briggs area was then represented by the new seat of Wright.

Member for Briggs

Election results

External links
1985 & 1989 election boundaries, page 18 & 19

Former electoral districts of South Australia
1985 establishments in Australia
1993 disestablishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1985
Constituencies disestablished in 1993


Gary Savage (born 1970 in Ballycran, County Down) is an Irish sportsman. He played hurling with his local club Ballycran and was a member of the Down senior inter-county team from the 1990s until the 2000s.

Playing career

Club
Savage played his hurling with his local club in Ballycran and enjoyed much success.  He first came to prominence on the club’s senior team in the late 1980s, however, Ballycran were going through a hugely unsuccessful period at the time, after losing five county finals in-a-row.  Savage won his first county senior championship winners’ medal in 1993, following a defeat of Ballygalget.  He later lined out in the Ulster club final with Cushendall providing the opposition.  A 2-10 to 0-12 victory gave Savage his first Ulster club winners’ medal. Ballycran were subsequently defeated by Toomevara in the All-Ireland semi-final.

Savage added two more county titles to his collection in 1994 and 1995.  After more than a decade out of the limelight Ballycran bounced back in 2007, with Savage adding a fourth county winners’ medal to his collection.

Inter-county
Savage first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Down senior hurling team in the early 1990s. It was the beginning of the county's most successful period ever.

In 1992 Savage won his first Ulster winners' medal following a 2-16 to 0-11 defeat of provincial kingpins Antrim. The ‘Mourne’ men later made their first-ever championship visit to Croke Park.  The All-Ireland semi-final pitted them against Cork. The game saw Savage's side nearly cause an upset, however, in the end Cork won by 2-17 to 1-11.

After surrendering their provincial title to Antrim in 1993 and 1994, Savage added a second Ulster memento to his collection in 1995 following a thrilling draw and a replay of the provincial decider. An unconvincing defeat of London in the All-Ireland quarter-final allowed Down to advance to the semi-final where reigning All-Ireland champions Offaly provided the opposition. Down played well, however, in the end Savage’s side were defeated by 2-19 to 2-8.

Two years later in 1997 Down regained the Ulster title, with Savage adding a third provincial winners’ medal to his collection. The introduction of the so-called ‘back-door’ system saw Down later face Tipperary in the All-Ireland quarter-final at Semple Stadium. That game turned into a rout, as Tipp won easily by 3-24 to 3-8.

The next few years proved to an unhappy time for Down's hurling team as Antrim and Derry reclaimed their status as the standard-bearers in the provincial championship. Savage lined out in further Ulster finals in 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2007, however, he ended up on the losing side on all six occasions.

In 2005 a restructuring of the championship saw Down being entered in the Christy Ring Cup, effectively a competition for the ‘second-tier’ hurling teams. Clarke's side did well in their debut year and even reached the final of the competition. Westmeath provided the opposition on that occasion; however, at the full-time whistle Down were defeated by 1-23 to 2-18. The team, however, have failed to build on this in recent years.

Inter-provincial
Savage has also lined out with Ulster in the inter-provincial hurling competition. He has enjoyed little success with his province as Ulster have failed to even qualify for the Railway Cup final in recent years. Savage's most successful year with Ulster came in 1995 when the northern province took on Munster in the final. That game turned into a closed affair with Munster narrowly winning by 0-13 to 1-9.

International
Savage has also represented his country in the annual Composite rules shinty-hurling competition between Ireland and Scotland. He was a member of the panel in 2006 as Ireland were defeated by 2(5) to 2(13) by Scotland at Croke Park.

Managerial
Savage was manager of Ballycran in 2009 when they won the Down Championship in a defeat of Ballygalget. He currently works as assistant manager to Stephen McAree, where they recently secured the 2015 Down Senior Hurling Championship.

Honours
Player
 Down Senior Hurling Championship (5) 1993 1994 1995 2007 2009
 Ulster Senior Hurling Championship (3) 1992 1995 1997
 National Hurling League Division 2 (1) 2004
 Ulster Senior Club Hurling Championship (1) 1993
Manager
Down Senior Hurling Championship 2018
Down Senior Hurling Championship 2015
Down Senior Hurling Championship (1) 2011

References and sources
Notes

Sources

1981 births
Living people
Ballycran hurlers
Down inter-county hurlers
Ulster inter-provincial hurlers


Saul Elkin is an actor and director in Buffalo, NY. He is the founder and artistic director of Shakespeare in Delaware Park, and a former chair of the University at Buffalo's Theatre Department.

Biography
Coming from Jewish immigrant parents from Russia and Romania, Saul Elkin spoke both Yiddish and English growing up in New York City. He began his acting education in a small children's theater school for Jewish children. His first show was at the age of seven, cast as the lead in a play by the founder of the Yiddish Art Theater, Maurice Schwartz.

Elkin continued to work as both an actor and director for the Stage as well as Television as he grew up in New York. His acting and directing credits include over 250 Broadway performances (off and on), film, “The Edge of Night” (a soap opera in which he played a doctor), and several regional and seasonal theater companies. He holds B.A. and M.F.A from Columbia, and a Ph.D from Carnegie-Mellon University.

He came to Buffalo, NY in 1969 and began teaching Theater at the University at Buffalo, where he soon became Chairman of the Theater Department in 1967- 1985. In 1979 he founded Shakespeare in Delaware Park, finding the initial funding for electricity from the Mayor of the city, Mayor Stanley Makowski and further funding from the University at Buffalo’s Theater Department.

Elkin is married to Janine and has four children. His eldest son, Todd is an artist and arts integration curriculum development specialist with a master's degree in education from Harvard University and a BFA from the San Francisco Art Institute.  His son Evan is a psychologist and the Director of the Department of Planning and Government Innovation at the Vera Institute of Justice.  His daughter Rebecca studied acting and has been in productions of Shakespeare in Delaware Park at times alongside her father, such as the 2008 production of King Lear, where they King Lear and Cordelia. Rebecca is now working as a drama therapist in New York.  Elkin's daughter Emily is a classical and rock and roll cellist. Elkin continues to work as a professor at the University at Buffalo in Theater Department, as well as continuing to act and direct performances in both Shakespeare in Delaware Park, The Jewish Repertory Theater, and several theater companies throughout the Buffalo area.

Recently, in 2008 he has been working on the film production called Nicholas of Myra: The Story of Saint Nicholas. The film is based on the life and history of Saint Nicholas.

Honors
Elkin has received several different recognitions such as the “Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Teaching”, “Distinguished Service Professor”, and in 1998 he was given the “Outstanding Individual Artist of the Year award” for his performances in several Theater companies in the Buffalo area, as well as for his continued work and direction with Shakespeare in Delaware Park. In 2003 he co-founded the Jewish Repertory Theater with David Bunis and is now the artistic director of the company.

References

External links
 IMDB Saul Elkin | Actor

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American male actors
Jewish American male actors
American theatre directors
University at Buffalo faculty
21st-century American Jews


The Princely Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy, also Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy, sometimes known with its German name Stablo, was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire. Princely power was exercised by the Benedictine abbot of the imperial double monastery of Stavelot and Malmedy, founded in 651. Along with the Duchy of  and the Prince-Bishopric of , it was one of only three principalities of the Southern Netherlands that were never part of the Spanish Netherlands, later the Austrian Netherlands, which after 1500 were assigned to the Burgundian Circle while the principalities were assigned to the Lower Rhenish Imperial Circle.

As a prince-abbot, the abbot of Stavelot-Malmedy sat on the Ecclesiastical Bench of the College of Ruling Princes of the Imperial Diet alongside the prince-bishops. Along with the handful of other prince-abbots, he cast a full vote (), in contrast to the majority of imperial abbots who were only entitled to collectively determine the votes of their respective curial benches.

In 1795, the principality was abolished and its territory was incorporated into the French  of . The Congress of Vienna in 1815 assigned Stavelot to the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and Malmedy became part of the Prussian district of . Both are currently parts of the Kingdom of Belgium—since the 1830 Belgian Revolution and the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, respectively (Malmedy annexed to Belgium in 1925). In 1921 the Abbey church of Malmedy became the Cathedral of the short-lived Diocese of Eupen-Malmedy.

History

Establishment

Saint Remaclus founded the Abbey of Stavelot on the  river, circa 650, on lands along the border between the bishoprics of Cologne and , this territory belonged at that time to Grimoald, the Austrasian mayor of the palace and member of the Arnulfinger-Peppinid family. A charter of Sigebert III, king of Austrasia entrusted Remaclus with the monasteries of both Stavelot and Malmedy, which was located a few kilometres eastwards in the  forest, "a place of horror and solitary isolation which abounds with wild beasts". Sigebert granted forest land; charged his Mayor of the Palace, Grimoald the Elder, with furnishing money to build the two monasteries; and continued to foster these communities with personal gifts.

The site of Malmedy was probably already settled before the foundation of the abbey, despite etymology seeming to indicate Malmedy's unsuitability.  was "a place with winding waters", or, most probably, , a "bad confluency". The  was partially canalised and its banks strengthened, to prevent the flooding that Malmedy often experienced.  The abbey church in Malmedy was dedicated to St Benedict.
The monastery of Malmedy is considered by historians and hagiographers to be slightly older than the monastery of Stavelot, with the town claiming its foundation date as 648. Malmedy is listed on earlier maps than Stavelot, and the commission appointed in 670 by Childeric II, in order to delimit the abbey territory, started from Malmedy (). Afterwards, the territory of the abbey was enlarged westwards, so that Stavelot became the geographical centre and the capital of the principality.

The first church in Stavelot was built by abbot Godwin and, on 25 June 685, was dedicated to saints Martin, Peter, and Paul. The relics of Saint Remaclus were housed in this new church.

Development and the High Middle Ages

In 747, Carloman, Duke of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, enlarged the abbeys' lands with gifts from his own, on his abdication. Throughout the ninth century, the abbeys played an important cultural role in Lotharingia, particularly thanks to abbot Christian. Around 875, the relics of St Quirinus were translated from  to Malmedy Abbey after the intercession of Emperor Charles the Bald, partly to secure relics comparable to those of St. Remaclus at Stavelot.

Through the seventh and eighth centuries, the two abbeys followed their mission of evangelism, along with forest clearance. With the decline of the Carolingian Empire, however, the abbeys suffered the same decay as elsewhere, leaving the principality in the custody of lay abbots—temporal guardians—from 844 to 938, including Ebbo, archbishop of Rheims, Adalard the Seneschal, and Reginar and Giselbert, dukes of Lorraine.

Welcoming pilgrims and the sick was a part of the monks' mission. The  mention the , the monastery's hospice, where poor pilgrims were granted hospitality, including food for almost eight days, whilst they made their devotions; this hospice differs from the abbey's hospital: . On 13 April 862, Lothair II of Lotharingia, while dealing with the distribution of property , ordered that local tithes be paid to the hospital , an order he confirmed on 10 June 873.

In December 881, Normans, including Godfrid, Duke of Frisia, invaded the area, burning both abbeys and causing the monks to flee with their treasures and relics. Several historical sources provide evidence of the raid of 881, which was well prepared and organised. The monks rushed to dig up the relics of Remaclus and fled to the county of  in present-day , in the French ; the surrounding region was largely unaffected by the invasion. Stavelot and Malmedy were both burned, with the monks not returning until just before Christmas 882, with a stay in , to allow them to repair the roofs of the monastic buildings. Relics from Aachen, which had been entrusted to the monks at Stavelot because of the Norman threat, were returned intact. In gratitude, on 13 November 882, Charles the Fat—Carolingian emperor and king of East Francia, Alemannia, and Italy—granted the abbeys the lands of , a dependency of , and restored to them the chapel in  (now a part of  in ).

In 885, Normans extracted ransom from  and passed through the Meuse valley, marching on , causing the monks of Stavelot to flee again, finding refuge in the county of  and ; the  details the flight from the invaders and follows the monks' wanderings. After the invasions, abbot Odilon began to rebuild the ruined abbey of Stavelot, with support from bishops of —including Notker, the first prince-bishop. The abbots Odilon and Werinfride rebuilt the abbeys, with new building; re-established the monastic community; re-organised the principality. By the time of the Ottonian dynasty in the early 10th century, the abbeys were once again of suitable Imperial stature. A new abbey church was built in Malmedy in 992, dedicated to St Quirinus; in 1007, a parish church was consecrated to Saint Gereon.

Another danger threatened the abbey—and the Western Empire—in the 10th century: the Hungarian invasions. Having been deposed as duke of Lotharingia, Conrad the Red invited the Hungarians to undermine his opponents, Bruno the Great, archbishop of Cologne, and Reginar III, Count of Hainaut. The  reports:  ["In the year 954, Hungarians ravage the regions of Gaul ... In the year 955, victory over the Hungarians"]. On 1 July 960, Eraclus, bishop of , driven by the fears of the time, granted the monks a place to build a refuge in , although five years earlier, the victory of emperor Otto I over the Hungarians at Lechfeld had removed the danger of Hungarian sack.

The key building period at the abbey of Stavelot corresponds to the rule of prince-abbot Poppo of Deinze, the second founder of the abbey, who was made abbot by Holy Roman Emperor Henry II in 1020. He built an imposing church over  in length, which was consecrated in the presence of Emperor Henry III on 5 June 1040. Thietmar was the lay patron who assembled carpenters and stonemasons to build the abbey church. As well as confirming the authenticity of the relics of St Quirinus at Malmedy in 1042, Poppo revived the cult of St Remaclus. Poppo died in 1048; his cult, which began almost immediately, focused on his resting place in the crypt. Malmedy developed around the monastery; until the end of the tenth century, the villagers used the chapel of Saint Laurent, an apsidiole of the abbey church, as their place of worship.

In 1065, controversy arose when Anno II, Archbishop of Cologne, named Tegernon of  abbot of Malmedy, on dubious authority—whilst Malmedy was in the archdiocese of Cologne, the two abbeys were linked and, thus, under the purview of the diocese of , where Stavelot lay. This occurred despite several previous Imperial bulls reinforcing the position that the two abbeys should be subject to a single abbot. The monks from Stavelot processed to Malmedy with the crosier and relics of St Remaclus to remind the rebellious monks of the traditional ordering of the abbeys that the saint had instituted. The relics and crosier were also transported to an Imperial Diet of Henry IV in Goslar. In 1066, they processed again, this time to Aachen and Fritzlar; they processed to Bitburg and Bamberg the following year. That their prayers were not answered apparently led the monks to despair that the relics were becoming impotent or that the monks were being punished by their patron; in 1067 and 1068, abbot Thierry even went to Rome to appeal to Pope Alexander II. This impasse lasted for a further three years, until Henry held court at Liège during Easter in 1071; with great ceremony, the monks processed with Remaclus's relics to meet with his legendary fellow bishop St Lambert, joined en route by the relics of St Symmetrus. Numerous miracles convinced the emperor to recognise the union of the two abbeys and reiterate the superiority of Stavelot, forcing Anno eventually to capitulate. A rejoiceful procession back to Stavelot paused en route to celebrate Mass on the banks of the Meuse; finally, the monks processed with Remaclus's relics to the abbey at Malmedy, to symbolise the restoration of his and their authority. This series of episodes is recounted in the heroic narrative of the Triumph of St Remaclus and confirmed by several contemporary sources.

In 1098, Wibald was born in the hamlet of , near Stavelot. Elected prince-abbot in 1130, he played a key role in the religious life of the region and the abbeys. In 1138, he granted permission for the castle to be built in , first mentioned in an 862 abbey charter. In the 12th to 15th centuries, however, the abbacy experienced a slow decline. In the 14th and 15th centuries, several Imperial edicts, initially issued by Emperor Charles IV, put the abbacy under the protection of the counts of Luxembourg.

Early Modern Age
In 1509, William of  organised a procession to induce the recalcitrant county of , a fief of the abbey, to submit to his jurisdiction. The cortège was pious, rather than fraught with tension; with Stavelot monks carrying the shrines of Remaclus and  with other reliquaries; and the monks of Malmedy with reliquaries of Quirinus, Just, Peter, and Philip; joined by parishioners from  with the relics of Symmetrus. In 1521, after the castle in  had been dismantled, William added "Count of " to the abbots' titles, with the county representing most of the western portion of the principality's territory.

The abbey church served as a monastic church and as a church of pilgrimage until the French Revolution. Its imposing gatehouse tower was rebuilt in 1534; (its ground floor and some further foundation still remain). Malmedy began to flourish particularly in the 16th century with the development of tannery; in 1544 there were only 216 houses with a thousand inhabitants, but that more than tripled by 1635.

After the death of abbot Christopher of Manderscheid, there was a series of absent abbots, including Maximilian Henry of Bavaria (also bishop of  and of ), who reformed the abbey in 1656. In the 17th century, Stavelot and Malmedy were major centres of tanning in Europe. Papermaking was particularly important to Malmedy, as was the manufacture of gunpowder. Other industries included cotton manufacturing, manufacture of chess sets and dominoes, and gingerbread baking. In 1659, a Capuchin convent was built in Stavelot.

Despite the abbacy's neutrality and the protection of the prince-abbots, the territory was invaded at least 50 times by troops passing through, whose depredations had disastrous consequences for the population, including the 4 October 1689 razing of both Stavelot and Malmedy on the orders of , general to Louis XIV of France, during the Nine Years' War. In Stavelot, the entire town, including over 360 houses, was destroyed, leaving just the abbey and its farmyard standing. In Malmedy, some 600 out of the 660 houses of the town were destroyed and it took more than a century to completely rebuild. Malmedy's 1601 city walls had previously been destroyed by French troops in 1658, during the 1635–59 Franco-Spanish War. The wars—and passage by troops of Brandenburg-Prussia, the Dutch Republic, France, and —had cost the principality the sum of 2.75 million . The abbey had to borrow 134 000 thalers from Liège and Verviers; another loan, shared amongst the communities, totalled 109 000 thalers, with annual interest of 14 161 thalers and arrears of 26 000 thalers.

By the start of the 18th century the principality had lost a third of its territory, as a result of war, fires, pillage, and unjust encroachments. The deputies to the Imperial Diet complained that, in the 16th century, the Spanish Netherlands had seized several territories and that the Bishopric of  had stolen over half a dozen  totalling over 2000 households; adding that the principality itself retained only 1693 households, having had 3780 households before the upheavals and that the suffering of the principality had caused some of the richest and most powerful families to emigrate. The Imperial Diet was moved to halve the  for the abbeys (reducing the sums and troops the abbeys needed to provide towards the Imperial army) and exempting any need for the abbeys to send troops to the Imperial army for three years, an exemption extended for four more years on 24 March 1715.

Abolition

During the French Revolutionary Wars, from 1793 to 1804, the abbey was abandoned by the monks and the principality extinguished. Stavelot was incorporated into the French Republic by a decree of 2 March 1793, along with  and . Despite opposition from local notables, Malmedy was similarly incorporated by a decree of  of the Year IV (1 October 1795). Stavelot abbey itself was sacked and the church sold and demolished; of the church just the western doorway remains, as a free-standing tower. Two cloisters—one secular, one for the monks—survive as the courtyards of the brick-and-stone 17th-century domestic ranges. The foundations of the abbey church are presented as a footprint, with walls and column bases that enable the visitor to visualize the scale of the Romanesque abbey.

Geography and administration

Based largely in the  and  river valleys, the principality occupied a substantial proportion of what is now the  of  in the province of . By the time of the French Revolution, the principality was bounded on the north by the duchy of Limburg, on the south and east by the duchy of Luxembourg and on the north-west by the marquisate of  and the . The principality was divided into three administrative districts: the  of Stavelot and Malmedy, and the county of , totalling around 28,000 inhabitants. The  of Stavelot contained 14 communities and that of Malmedy contained the town itself and the  of  and . The county of  was divided into four :  (7 communities),  (6),  (5) and  (2), with public assemblies being based in . In addition, six other communities were exclaves, and there were the  of Anthisnes and , in the . In 1768, these two  were exchanged with  for , , and .

Several sources note that there were disputes between the two abbeys, with Stavelot assuming primacy over Malmedy, to the latter's discontent; though new abbots were invested in Stavelot on behalf of both abbeys. Whilst an absolute principality, in some matters the prince-abbot would consult a general assembly or  of clergy, dignitaries, prince's officers, mayors, and aldermen, whose main role was to vote for taxes. Each of the three districts had its own provincial assembly and court, with a Princely Council for highly contested cases. As a court of last resort, citizens could appeal to the  (Imperial Chamber Court), created by Emperor Maximilian I (reigned 1508–19) on the model of the parliaments in Paris and Mechelen and headquartered in Frankfurt (1495–1527),  (1527–1693) and Wetzlar (1693–1806).

Shortly before the principality's extinction, it contributed just over 81 Reichsthaler per session for the maintenance of the Imperial Chamber Court, from annual revenues of around 25 000 Rhenish guilder.

Art
The abbeys at Stavelot and Malmedy commissioned some of the finest surviving works of Mosan art, one of the leading schools of Romanesque art, especially in goldsmith metalwork, which was then the most prestigious art form. Their collections were dispersed by wars and, finally, the French Revolution. Works from the abbeys are now in museums across the world. The illuminated manuscript Stavelot Bible (now in the British Library) was probably the abbey's main bible, and was created there by several hands over a four-year period ending in 1097 (other works have been identified as being from the same scriptorium). The bible has been described as "a perfect microcosm of the influences and interests that gave rise to the first Romanesque painting".  A group of manuscripts from the less productive scriptorium at Malmedy were donated to the Vatican Library in 1816 by Pope Pius VII, including the Malmedy Bible and two lectionaries from about 1300. Malmedy illuminations show a particular closeness with metalwork styles.

Abbot Wibald (ruled 1130–58) was an important Imperial minister and diplomat, and was regarded as one of the greatest patrons of Mosan art in its best period, although much of the evidence for this is circumstantial. Some of his surviving letters discuss works which may be identifiable with existing pieces, and an "aurifaber G", who some have identified with , a shadowy figure to whom many masterpieces are attributed. Several important commissions were certainly placed by Wibald with Mosan workshops of goldsmiths and metalworkers, and other works later connected with Stavelot are also presumed to have been commissioned by him.  The works, mostly  enamels of very high quality, include the Stavelot Triptych, a portable altar reliquary for two fragments of the True Cross, , (now in the Morgan Library & Museum in New York), the Stavelot Portable Altar of 1146, and a head-shaped reliquary of Pope Alexander II, , possibly by  (both now  Museum, Brussels).  A gold relief retable of the Pentecost (1160–70) is in the  in Paris. An important and more elaborate retable of Saint Remaclus, of about 1150, about nine square metres in extent, was broken up during the French Revolution; and only two round enamel plaques survive, in Berlin and Frankfurt, though a 17th-century drawing survives in .

Coat of arms
The coat of arms granted to the town of Stavelot, in 1819, is also that of the abbey—parted fesswise between an image of St Remaclus and the wolf, which in Stavelot's founding legend carried bricks for the building of the abbey after having killed Remaclus's donkey.

See also
 List of Carolingian monasteries
 Carolingian architecture

References

External links

 Official website of Stavelot Abbey
 History of Malmedy

Imperial abbeys
651 establishments
States and territories established in the 650s
Geographic history of Belgium
Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle
Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy
Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy
Principalities of the Holy Roman Empire
Prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire in Belgium
Southern Netherlands
Stavelot


Andriy Mykhailovych Poroshyn (; born 30 September 1978) is a Ukrainian professional footballer. In April 2010, he joined FC Daugava from the Virsliga but left it in August the same year.

External links

1978 births
Living people
Ukrainian men's footballers
FC Zirka Kropyvnytskyi players
FC Sheriff Tiraspol players
FC Torpedo Kutaisi players
PFC Spartak Nalchik players
FC Shinnik Yaroslavl players
FC SKA Rostov-on-Don players
FC Salyut Belgorod players
Ukrainian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Moldova
Expatriate men's footballers in Georgia (country)
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Latvia
Russian Premier League players
Men's association football forwards
FC Lokomotiv Moscow players
FC Zirka-2 Kropyvnytskyi players
FC Daugava players


The Ku Klux Klan in Prophecy is a 144-page book written by Bishop Alma Bridwell White in 1925 and illustrated by Reverend Branford Clarke. In the book she uses scripture to rationalize that the Ku Klux Klan is sanctioned by God "through divine illumination and prophetic vision". She also believed that the Apostles and the Good Samaritan were members of the Klan. The book was published by the Pillar of Fire Church, which she founded, at their press in Zarephath, New Jersey. The book sold over 45,000 copies.

History
White wrote more than 35 books and was the founder of the Pillar of Fire Church. She herself could not be a member of the Klan because she was a woman.

This book primarily espouses White's deep fear and hatred of the Roman Catholic Church while also promoting racism against African Americans, antisemitism, white supremacy, and women's equality.  It was published in 1925 by the Pillar of Fire Church.

It is a compendium of essays and speeches by White, illustrations by Clarke, poems, prayers, and racial, anti-Catholic, and antisemitic slurs embedded in jokes and short stories.  Most of this material was originally published between 1920 and 1924 in the pro-Ku Klux Klan political periodical The Good Citizen, one of numerous periodicals published by the Church. It is the first of three books White published to promote the KKK and her dogma of intolerance.

The  book includes an introduction by Arthur Hornbui Bell, Grand Dragon of the New Jersey Ku Klux Klan. The introduction reads as follows:

This book brings out vividly the titanic struggle now taking place, not only in the United States, but over the entire world, and while at the present time the battle raging has not reached the point where bullets, swords and poison gas are the reasons used, the time will soon arrive when the Roman Catholic craving for world-power will, if not checked, cause a revival of a religious war that will be far more disastrous than the late World War.

.

The book also includes essays with titles such as "Great Klan Victory in the Election of 1924," "Enemies of the Ku Klux Klan Stricken with Blindness," "Papal Contention for Rulership of the World," "Bow or Burn," and "The Ku Klux Klan and Women's Causes."

She authored two more books on the Klan: Klansmen: Guardians of Liberty in 1926, and Heroes of the Fiery Cross in 1928. White republished the Klan books as a three-volume set in 1943, three years before her death and 21 years after her initial association with the Klan, under the title Guardians of Liberty. The set contained seven chapters from The Ku Klux Klan in Prophecy and one from the 1928 Heroes of the Fiery Cross.

Sample illustrations

References

Further reading

External links

Political cartoons from The Ku Klux Klan in Prophecy at Flickr

Books about the Ku Klux Klan
Anti-Catholicism in the United States
Pillar of Fire International
Antisemitism in the United States
White supremacy in the United States
1925 non-fiction books
Antisemitic propaganda
Antisemitic publications
Anti-Catholic publications


The term Aznar government may refer to:

Aznar I Government, the government of Spain under José María Aznar from 1996 to 2000.
Aznar II Government, the government of Spain under José María Aznar from 2000 to 2004.


Vadim Petrovich Starkov (; born 20 April 1979) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player. He is a director of sports and assistant coach with FC Salyut Belgorod.

Club career
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 2001 for FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk.

Honours
 Russian Cup finalist: 2005.

References

1979 births
Sportspeople from Pskov
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk players
FC Khimki players
FC Lada-Tolyatti players
FC Salyut Belgorod players
Russian Premier League players
FC Energomash Belgorod players
FC SOYUZ-Gazprom Izhevsk players


Mickey Mouse in Color was a book published in 1988 by Another Rainbow Publishing, featuring the works of Disney comic artists Floyd Gottfredson and Carl Barks.

Overview
There were 3 editions:
 A Deluxe Limited Regular Edition of 3000 - signed by both Floyd Gottfredson and Carl Barks
 A Deluxe Limited Gold Plate Edition of 100 - signed by both Floyd Gottfredson and Carl Barks
 A Trade Edition

The Deluxe Regular editions were oversize, hardbound books measuring " × ", containing 248 pages (216 of which are in full color), with a Mylar dust jacket. There were 72 pages devoted to the Mickey Mouse Sunday page by Floyd Gottfredson and an additional 72 pages featuring Mickey Mouse daily strips by Floyd Gottfredson. In addition, there are two Mickey Mouse drawings of Carl Barks that he submitted to the Disney Studios in the mid-1930s.

The book contains special articles and interviews with Gottfredson and Barks, including rare drawings, photographs, and published art. Finally, each book contains a numbered 7-inch record, which features a portion of Bruce Hamilton's interview with Floyd Gottfredson and Carl Barks in which the two creators reveal something very interesting about their favorite stories.

The Deluxe Gold Plate Edition, in addition to the above contents, also has an original Mickey Mouse sketch by Carl Barks. (Average size of sketch is
3" to 4" tall.)

The Trade Edition is a 9" × 11" hardback which features 8 comic strip adventures by Floyd Gottfredson. Also included are special features on Gottfredson and Mickey Mouse, featuring and interview with Gottfredson and an index of Mickey's complete comic strip adventures. These are not numbered or signed.

References
 Mickey Mouse in Color at BruceHamilton.com

Disney comics titles
Mickey Mouse comics
1988 in comics


Escowbeck House a country manor house on Caton Lane in Quernmore near Lancaster, Lancashire was constructed in 1842 in extensive parkland and countryside. It is situated overlooking the Crook of Lune south of the road from Lancaster to Caton and Hornby, near where the Escow Beck from which it takes its name, flows into the River Lune. The name Escow Beck is derived from the Old Norse eski + hofud and bekkr meaning the beck by the ash tree hill. It was recorded as Escouthebroc in 1225 and Escouthe bec in 1241. The gardens, created in the early 20th century, had a fish pond through which the Escow Beck flows and boat house. The house was divided into apartments during the 1950s.

Residents
John Greg moved to the area in 1820 to manage a mill in Caton, part of Samuel Greg & Company, owned by his father. John Greg built Escowbeck and founded the Lancaster Guardian. After the death of John Greg, the Dobson family leased the house. The family suffered from typhus fever and were isolated as part of an epidemic for more than a year. Thomas Hodgson who built Lowe Mill in Caton lived at Escowbeck. In 1938 Lieutenant Colonel Sir Norman Seddon-Brown moved into the house.

Greg Observatory
The Gregs were interested in astronomy and John Greg built an observatory in a wooden structure built on stone foundations at Escowbeck. John's brother Robert and his sons Edward and John Phillip shared the interest. John Phillip Greg retired early to pursue his interest and was credited with being one of the first people to recognise the Geminid meteor shower.
After the death of John Greg in 1882, his son Albert gave the contents of the observatory to Lancaster Corporation, and they were rehoused in a public observatory as a memorial to John Greg. Greg was an important employer and public figure who had been mayor of Lancaster three times, a magistrate and a charity and port commissioner.

References

Notes

Bibliography

Country houses in Lancashire
Buildings and structures in the City of Lancaster


Sergei Pavlovich Anisimov (; born 9 February 1990) is a Russian former professional footballer.

Club career
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 2008 for FC Shinnik Yaroslavl.

References

1990 births
People from Kolpashevsky District
Living people
Russian men's footballers
FC Shinnik Yaroslavl players
Russian Premier League players
FC Spartak Kostroma players
Men's association football midfielders
FC Znamya Truda Orekhovo-Zuyevo players
FC Mashuk-KMV Pyatigorsk players
Sportspeople from Tomsk Oblast


Sir Mathew Wilson, 1st Baronet  (29 August 1802 – 18 January 1891) was an English landowner and Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1842 and 1886.

Wilson was the son of Mathew Wilson, a solicitor of Eshton Hall and his wife Mary Clive Wilson. His father and mother were first cousins. He was educated at Harrow School and Brasenose College, Oxford. He became a J.P. at the age of 22, and became the longest serving magistrate in Skipton's history at the time of his death aged 88.

Wilson was elected in 1841 as Member of Parliament for Clitheroe but was unseated in 1842. He stood again in 1847 and regained Clitheroe, but after the 1852 election was unseated again in 1853. Notwithstanding incidents of electoral malpractice, he was created a baronet on 28 February 1874 and later that year was elected as MP for West Riding of Yorkshire North. He held the seat until it was split up under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. In the 1885 general election, he was then elected for Skipton which he held until his defeat in 1886. He also became Deputy Lieutenant and Chairman of the Board of Guardians.

He married, June Louisa Emerson Amcotts, only daughter of Sir Wharton Emerson Amcotts, Bart, of Kettlethorpe Park, Lincolnshire, on 15 June 1826. They had a son Mathew (1827–1909) who succeeded to the baronetcy. She died in 1833 and many years later Wilson married Frances Pedler. His son Mathew married Gratiana Mary Thomas, daughter of Admiral Richard Darton Thomas (1777–1857).

Wilson died at Brighton aged 88.

References

External links

1802 births
1891 deaths
People educated at Harrow School
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1841–1847
UK MPs 1847–1852
UK MPs 1852–1857
UK MPs 1874–1880
UK MPs 1880–1885
UK MPs 1885–1886
Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford
Deputy Lieutenants of Lancashire
English landowners
Deputy Lieutenants of the West Riding of Yorkshire
English justices of the peace
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Lancashire
19th-century British businesspeople