National Trust Magazine is the members’ publication of National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty. With a readership of over 4 million (ABC 2,165,142) it currently has the highest magazine circulation in Britain. Three issues are sent out every year - spring, summer and autumn – and are delivered as part of the National Trust members’ mailout, which includes local newsletters and other information for Trust members.

History
The first issue appeared in May 1932 and featured the Trust’s newest acquisition, Montacute House, on the cover. It was 8 pages long and titled ‘The National Trust Bulletin’.

Over time the magazine has been variously known as,
1932–1935: The National Trust Bulletin
1935–1939: National Trust News
1939: The Trust in War-Time
1947: National Trust Newsletter (the first Trust publication since 1939 due to wartime paper shortages)
1948: National Trust News Bulletin
1948–1954: News Bulletin
1955–1967: News Letter
1968–1970: Newsletter to members of The National Trust
1971–1973: National Trust News
1973–1985: National Trust
1985–Present: The National Trust Magazine

The number of issues has varied from 1 to 4 per year, although since 1984 the magazine has been tri-annual. The current numbering system considers issue number 1 to be the spring 1968 issue (numbered as such due to a redesign in that year). In fact 50 issues preceded the spring 1968 edition; therefore the summer 2016 magazine was the 218th National Trust Members’ publication.

Staff
Previous editors include
Robin Wright: 1982–1985
Lawrence Rich: 1985–1988
Sarah Jane Forder: 1989–1996
Amanda Evans: ‘acting editor’ autumn 1996
Gina Guarnieri: 1997–1999
Anne Johnson: autumn 1999
Gaynor Aaltonen: 2000–2006
Sue Herdman: 2006–2012
Clare Gogerty: spring 2013
Debbie Schrieber 'acting editor' summer 2013
Sally Palmer: 2013–present

The team has variously included Executive Editors, News Editors, Deputy Editors, Art Directors over the years.
Currently the magazine employs three full-time editorial staff: the Editor and two Assistant Editors, as well as a Content Researcher who is employed by National Trust Images. It also employs freelance designers, a sub-editor and proof reader.

Content
The magazine features articles on interiors, gardens, landscape, wildlife, family, food, environment and all areas of National Trust life.

Regular pages

Seasonal View

A double-page picture feature, encapsulating the season.

News

A round-up of the top stories and events from inside the Trust, with columns by the Director General and other key staff.

From You

Letters, emails and pictures from members.

Trust on screen

The latest filming news from Trust places.

Shopping

Highlights from the latest Trust retail ranges.

How to

Guide to re-creating a Trust feature in your own home or garden.

Bookshelf

The latest books, videos and apps from the Trust.

Crossword

The enduringly popular prize crossword.

In conversation with

Each issue we have a chat with someone from the Trust.

In the news
The National Trust Magazine has sparked features in broadsheets, such as the Telegraph (on the story of Ferguson’s Gang), and the Sunday Times (following a feature on Slavery).

Advertising
The very first advert to appear in the magazine was in the 1968 issue. Redactive handle the advertising for the magazine today.

Talking Magazine
An audio version of each issue is produced. The talking magazine is presented by John Waite, and regularly features the voices of Malcolm Billings, Louise Fryer, Brian Perkins, Libby Purves, and Charlotte Green. In addition to features, which are read aloud, extra studio interviews and outside broadcasts are conducted with authors, Trust staff, and figures mentioned in the magazine.

Contributors
Notable contributors to the magazine have included:

Anthony Blunt
James Lees-Milne
Alan Titchmarsh
Clough Williams-Ellis
George Trevelyan
Graham Stuart Thomas
Peter Thornton
Nigel Nicolson
Robert Lassam
Sir Alan Bowness CBE
David Bellamy
Nicholas Wollaston
Hunter Davies
Sue Arnold
Jancis Robinson
Gervase Jackson-Stops
Anna Pavord
Miles Kington
Libby Purves
Jonathon Porritt
Rumer Godden
Max Egremont
Roy Lancaster
Brian Redhead
Richard Mabey
Maev Kennedy
Simon Jenkins
Patrick Wright
Colin Luckhurst

More recent contributors include:

Robert Macfarlane
Billy Bragg
Benedict Blathwayt
Lars Tharp
Dan Cruickshank
Kate Colquhoun
Anthony Lambert
Marcel Theroux
John Vidal
Clement Freud
Rosie Boycott
Jonathan Meades
Rachel Johnson
Adam Nicolson
Oz Clarke
Michael Holroyd
Anish Kapoor

Photography
Joe Cornish
John Millar
Paul Harris
Megan Taylor
Oskar Proctor
Sylvaine Poitau
Chris Lacey
James Dobson
William Shaw
Layton Thompson
Cristian Barnett
Andrew Montgomery

Summer 2016 new-look
From the summer 2016 issue National Trust Magazine updated its design and structure, following reader research. It features improved navigation and a cleaner layout. New content includes fun pages for children and highlights of events across the UK. The aim is to help readers to make the most of their membership and find out more about the Trust’s work looking after special places forever, for everyone.

References

External links
The National Trust Magazine Online

1932 establishments in the United Kingdom
History magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 1932
National Trust
Triannual magazines published in the United Kingdom


Christiane France Guhel (née Elien, 10 May 1932 – 28 July 2023) was a French ice dancer. With her husband Jean Paul Guhel, she was the 1962 European champion, 1962 World silver medalist, and 1960 World bronze medalist.

Guhel died in Quincy-sous-Sénart on 28 July 2023, at the age of 91.

Results

Ice Dance
(with Jean Paul Guhel)

References

1932 births
2023 deaths
20th-century French women
European Figure Skating Championships medalists
French female ice dancers
World Figure Skating Championships medalists


The German River is the principal tributary of the North Fork of the Shenandoah River, flowing for  in the U.S. state of Virginia. The river originates in northern Rockingham County, just east of the West Virginia border, in the George Washington National Forest, near the crest of Shenandoah Mountain in the Allegheny Mountains.

Course
The German River rises from a mountain spring in the Cow Run area of Rockingham County,  southwest of the town of Bergton. From an elevation of  above sea level, it descends rapidly to the northeast between Fulk Mountain and Black Lick Mountain. The valley begins to widen and have some cultivation below  above sea level. Tributaries of the German River (ordered from upstream to downstream) are Camp Rader Run, Beech Lick Run, Sumac Run, Paint Lick Run, the Cold Spring River, Persimmon Run, and Siever Run.  Near Bergton, the German River joins Crab Run to form the North Fork of the Shenandoah River.

Tributaries
Beech Lick Run
Sumac Run
Cold Spring River
Persimmon Run
Siever Run

See also
List of rivers of Virginia

References

External links
 Google Map - German River

Rivers of Virginia
Tributaries of the Shenandoah River
Rivers of Rockingham County, Virginia


STC Görlitz was a German association football club from the city of Görlitz, Silesia (today: Saxony). The club was established as Sportclub Preußen Görlitz in 1906.

History
SC Preußen played in the top-flight regional Südostdeutscher Fußballverband (SOFV, en:Southeast German Football Association) and while they made a string of league playoff appearances from 1911 to 1914, they were unable to advance out of the opening qualifying round except in 1914 when they got as far as the semifinals where they were resoundingly trounced by Askania Forst (0:9) who were on their way to the league championship.

Domestic competition was disrupted throughout Germany from 1914 to 1918 by World War I. The SOFV was most seriously affected of the country's various regional leagues and did not resume play until the 1919–20 season. In 1918, Preußen adopted the name Sport- und Turn-Club Görlitz and in 1920–21 reappeared in SOFV play. They again quickly went out, this time to  Vereinigte Breslauer Sportfreunde (1:6), before disappearing into lower-level competition. STC made a single season cameo in the top-flight in 1928–29 before slipping away again.

German football was reorganized in 1933 under the Third Reich into 16 regional first class divisions and Görlitz became part of the Gauliga Schlesien. They finished in last place and were immediately relegated. The team won its way back to the Gauliga in 1939 but voluntarily withdrew before the season opened. Play in the SOFV was again disrupted by war and as travel became more difficult competition became more local in character. The Gauliga Schlesien was first broken up into the Gauliga Oberschlesien (I) and Gauliga Niederschlesien (I). By the 1943–44 season, the Gauliga Niederschlesien was in turn split into five divisions and STC finished poorly in the Gauliga Görlitz in a campaign of only 5 matches. Following the end of the war in 1945 the club disappeared.

Stadium
STC played its home matches in the Schenkendorfplatz (capacity 4,000) or the Süd-Sportplatz.

References

Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables

Defunct football clubs in Germany
Association football clubs established in 1906
Defunct football clubs in Saxony
1906 establishments in Germany
1945 disestablishments in Germany
Association football clubs disestablished in 1945
STC


Karin Bang (3 December 1928 – 20 August 2017) was a Norwegian poet, novelist, children's writer and crime fiction writer.

Early and personal life
Bang was born in Oslo as the daughter of industrial manager Alf Bang and Dagmar Kathinka Hansen. She grew up in an isolated and protected environment in Oslo, while the summers were spent at the family's summer house in Veierland, Vestfold, where she was influenced from old coastal culture. After examen artium in 1947 she worked five years as a secretary in Oslo, while she wrote her first books. She was married to writer Aasmund Brynildsen from 1952 until his death in 1974, and cohabited with the writer Sigbjørn Hølmebakk from 1979 until he died in 1981.

Literary career
Bang made her literary debut in 1949 with two light reading novels, while the novel Glemte vinger from 1951 is regarded as her debut as a serious writer. Other novels were Fjerne seil (1962) and Blåst om babord–! (1964). Her novel Blues (1968) from the drug scene was the basis for a film from 1969, called Psychedelica Blues. Her trilogy Bedremannsbarn (1973), Borgersinn (1974) and Nye veier (1979) is a family chronicle from the early 1900s. Her double novel Jutøy, consisting of Havet ble blod (1978) and Jag etter vind (1981), are historical novels from the whaling pioneer time in Vestfold between 1809 and 1905. The story takes place on the fictitious island Jutøy and among whalers at the polar sea, and also depicts whaling pioneer Svend Foyn.

She was a member of the Norwegian Authors' Union's literary council for several periods.

Bang is a passionate collector of ancient dolls, and she edited the anthology Har dukkene sjel? (1985), in which she contributed an article on the cultural history of dolls. She has written two children's books, Lotte på loftet (1992) and Katten på Sjørøverøya (1994). She has also written two crime novels, Mord i måneskinn (1956) and Seilas med døden (1960).

Awards and honours
Bang has received several literary prizes, including the Riksmål Society Literature Prize in 1966, the Aschehoug Prize in 1976, and the Gyldendal's Endowment in 1983 (shared with Terje Johanssen).

References

1928 births
2017 deaths
Writers from Oslo
20th-century Norwegian novelists
21st-century Norwegian novelists
20th-century Norwegian poets
Norwegian children's writers
Norwegian crime fiction writers
Norwegian women novelists
Norwegian women children's writers
Norwegian women poets
21st-century Norwegian women writers
20th-century Norwegian women writers
Women crime writers


The 1st IAAF World Cup in Athletics was an international track and field sporting event sponsored by the International Association of Athletics Federations, held from 2 to 4 September 1977, at the Rheinstadion in Düsseldorf, West Germany.

Overall results

Medal summary

Men

Women

1 Ilona Schoknecht of East Germany originally won the shot put with 20.93m, but she was disqualified after it was found that she had failed a doping test at the European Cup.

External links
World Cup Results
Full Results by IAAF

IAAF Continental Cup
World Cup
IAAF World Cup
International athletics competitions hosted by West Germany


Jean Paul Guhel (15 June 1930 – 1 February 1988) was a French ice dancer. With his wife Christiane Guhel, he was the 1962 European champion, 1962 World silver medalist, and 1960 World bronze medalist.

Guhel died in Ploemel on 1 February 1988, at the age of 57.

Results

Ice Dance
(with Christiane Duvois)

(with Fanny Besson)

(with Christiane Guhel)

References

1930 births
1988 deaths
French male ice dancers
World Figure Skating Championships medalists
European Figure Skating Championships medalists


Riccardo Garrone (23 January 1936 – 21 January 2013) was an Italian entrepreneur. He was the owner of Serie A association football club U.C. Sampdoria, and honorary chairman and CEO of Italian oil firm ERG.

Garrone was born in Genoa, and joined his family's firm of ERG before going into the business of football club ownership.  He completed the takeover of UC Sampdoria from Enrico Mantovani in 2002, leading the one-time scudetto winners back into Serie A and European competitions thanks to his investments in the club.

References

1936 births
2013 deaths
Businesspeople from Genoa
Italian football chairmen and investors
UC Sampdoria directors


The first USS Kangaroo (SP-1284) was an armed motorboat that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1919.

Construction and commissioning
Kangaroo was built as the private motorboat Herreshoff Hull # 316 in May 1917 by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company at Bristol, Rhode Island, one of nine identical motor boats built in anticipation of eventual acquisition by the U.S. Navy from their private owners. Her civilian owner, Henry A. Morse of Marblehead, Massachusetts, had named her Kangaroo by the time the U.S. Navy purchased her from him at Boston, Massachusetts, on 18 September 1917 for service as a patrol boat in World War I. She was commissioned on 10 December 1917 as USS Kangaroo (SP-1284).

United States Navy service
Assigned to the 1st Naval District, Kangaroo served on section patrol and inner harbor patrol in Penobscot Bay, Maine, until 14 October 1918, when she departed for Key West, Florida.

Due to an urgent need for craft such as Kangaroo at Brest, France, an order dated 14 October 1918 went out from Washington, D.C., to Boston directing the Commandant of the 1st Naval District to ready six section patrol boats -- USS Commodore (SP-1425), USS Cossack (SP-695), USS War Bug (SP-1795), USS Sea Hawk (SP-2365), Kangaroo, and USS SP-729—to be shipped to France as deck cargo along with spare parts to keep them operational. However, this proposed movement appears to have been cancelled, probably because of the armistice with Germany of 11 November 1918 that ended World War I and eliminated the need for more U.S. Navy patrol craft in Europe.

Instead, Kangaroo arrived at Key West on 12 January 1919. Based there, she performed patrol and dispatch duties along the Florida Keys and in Florida's Atlantic coastal waters.

Kangaroo was decommissioned on 20 May 1919.

Later career

On 22 November 1919, Kangaroo was transferred to the United States Department of the Treasury for use by the United States Coast Guard, which commissioned her as USCGC Kangaroo.  Renamed USCGC AB-6 in 1923, she served in the Coast Guard until sold in 1932.

Notes

References
 for Kangaroo
 for SP-729 (ex-Apache)
Department of the Navy: Naval Historical Center: Online Library of Selected Images: U.S. Navy Ships: USS Kangaroo (SP-1284), 1917-1919. Originally civilian motor boat Herreshoff Hull # 316 and Kangaroo (1917)
NavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive Kangaroo (SP 1284)
United States Coast Guard Historian's Office: Kangaroo, 1919 (AB-6)

Patrol vessels of the United States Navy
World War I patrol vessels of the United States
Ships built in Bristol, Rhode Island
1917 ships


Riccardo Garrone  may refer to
Riccardo Garrone (actor), (1926–2016) Italian actor
Riccardo Garrone (entrepreneur), (1936–2013) Italian entrepreneur and football chairman


The Men’s Senior Baseball League (MSBL)/Men’s Adult Baseball League (MABL) is a national organization in the United States, with 325 local affiliates, 3,200 teams, and 45,000 members who play organized amateur baseball in local leagues, 30 regional tournaments and six national tournaments.

Profile

The Men's Senior Baseball League (MSBL) and Men's Adult Baseball League (MABL) is an amateur baseball league for adults 18 years of age and older. It was founded by Long Island, New York-based Steve Sigler in the 1980s with 60 members. He later established the MSBL/MABL World Series and Fall Classic, which take place, respectively in October in Arizona and November in Florida. There are also two tournaments held over Martin Luther King Jr. weekend in January: the MSBL/MABL Holiday Classic which is held at the Osceola Complex in Kissimmee, Florida, and the Desert Classic which takes place in Palm Springs, California. The Las Vegas Kickoff Classic is held in early to mid-March in Las Vegas, and the Las Vegas Open is held over Memorial Day. Local chapters hold regional tournaments over Memorial Day, Independence Day and Labor Day.

The MSBL/MABL divisions are ages 18 to 24, 25 to 34, 35 to 44, and 45 and over. Its World Series and Fall Classic also offer 48-plus, 58-plus, 65-plus, 70-plus and Father/Son Divisions. Commissioners and board members of the local leagues are not paid.

The MSBL/MABL generally conforms to standard baseball rules. Teams generally plays weekly, on Sundays

The national organization has 325 local leagues across the U.S. Membership in 1992 was 20,000, which by 2004 had grown to 45,000.

External links
MSBL/MABL Men's Senior Baseball League website

Baseball governing bodies in the United States


Miage-nyūdō is a type of yōkai told about on Sado Island (Sado, Niigata Prefecture). They are a type of mikoshi-nyūdō.

Mythology
When climbing a small slope at night, something taking on the appearance of a little bōzu would appear in front, and by looking up, it would become taller, and the person looking at it would fall down backwards. It is said that by chanting "" and lying down forwards, it would disappear. In Hamochi, Sado District (now a part of Sado), it is said that the miage-nyūdō that appears at a place called Tsujidō would steal food and money from travelers.

In Utami, Ryōtsu (now a part of Sado), it is said that they are in places where trees grow thickly and is dim even at noon, and that a large stone called the "miage-ishi (見上石, look up stone)" has shapeshifted into a nyūdō. Once, a traveler met this, and by chanting "miage-nyūdō, I've seen past you" and striking it with a rod, the nyūdō disappeared. It is said that afterwards, when a jizō was deified above the rock, the nyūdō no longer appeared.

Also, in a legend of Akadomari (now a part of Sado), Sado District, there was a  miage-nyūdō that squashed and killed night travelers, but it once accidentally fell to the bottom of a ravine, and since it was helped by someone under the condition that it would "no longer attack people" and to "stay away from that place," it no longer appeared there, and it is said that this ravine started to be called the "nyūdō marsh".

In Hatano, Sado District (now a part of Sado), it is said that when those who meet a miage-nyūdō say, "the miage-nyūdō I saw before was much larger" and thus challenge it, and since its feet would thus become thinner, a violent sound would result, and the miage-nyūdō would fall down.

Appearance in media
In GeGeGe no Kitaro, it appeared taking on the appearance of the yōkai, the aobōzu appeared, but they are completely unrelated.

Notes

See also
List of legendary creatures from Japan

Yōkai


Mikoshi-nyūdō (見越し入道 or 見越入道) is a type of bald-headed yōkai "goblin" with an ever-extending neck. In Japanese folklore and Edo period (1603–1868) kaidan "ghost story" texts, mikoshi-nyūdō will frighten people who look over the top of things such as byōbu folding screens. The name combines mikoshi 見越し (lit. "see over") "looking over the top (of a fence); anticipation; expectation" and nyūdō 入道 (lit. "enter the Way") "a (Buddhist) priest; a bonze; a tonsured monster".

Summary
When walking to the end of a road at night or a hill road, something the shape of a monk would suddenly appear, and if one looks up, it becomes taller the further one looks up. They are so big that one would look up at them, and thus are given the name "." Sometimes, if one just looks at them like that, one might die, but they can be made to disappear by saying "." They most frequently appear when walking alone on night paths, but they are also said to appear at intersections, stone bridges, and above trees.

It is said that getting flown over by a mikoshi-nyūdō results in death or getting strangled by the throat, and if one falls back due to looking up at the nyūdō, one's windpipe would get gnawed at and killed.

On Iki Island off Kyushu, a mikoshi-nyūdō would make a "wara wara" sound like the swaying of bamboo, so by immediately chanting, "," the nyūdō would be made to disappear, but it is said that if one simply goes past them without saying anything, bamboo would fall resulting in death. In the Oda District, Okayama Prefecture, it is said that when one meets a mikoshi-nyūdō, it is vital to lower one's vision to the bottom of one's feet, and if one instead looks up to the head from the feet, one would be eaten and killed. Other than chanting "mikoshita (seen past)" or "minuita (seen through)," there are also examples where they would disappear by mustering one's courage and smoking tobacco (Kanagawa Prefecture), or by calculating the height of the mikoshi-nyūdō by a margin (Shizuoka Prefecture), among other methods.

In the essay  by Hakuchō Nishimura from the Edo period, the mikoshi-nyūdō is a yakubyōgami that inflicts people with fever, and there is a story as follows: In the Shōtoku era, in Yoshida, Mikawa Province (now Toyohashi, Aichi Prefecture), the merchant Zen'emon, while on the way to Denma in Nagoya, encountered a whirlwind, and the horse he rode on started to have its feet hurt, and when Zen'emon also felt unwell and started crouching, an ōnyūdō with a height of about one to and three or four shaku (about four meters) appeared. The nyūdō was almost like Nio, and as the eyes shone like mirrors, Zen'emon came closer. When Zen'emon trembled in fear and lay down on the ground, the nyūdō jumped over him and went away. At dawn, Zan'emon stopped by a private house and when he asked, "Are there strange things like tengu around here?" he received the reply, "Isn't that what's called a 'mikoshi-nyūdō'?" Afterward, Zen'emon reached his destination of Nagoya, but he lost his appetite, was afflicted by a fever, and even medical treatment and drugs had no effect, and died on the 13th day.

In a certain region of the Okayama Prefecture, if a female squats at a toilet, a fox (kitsune) shapeshifted into a mikoshi-nyūdō would appear and say menacingly, "." Also, it is said that on the night of Ōmisoka, by chanting "mikoshi-nyūdō, hototogisu" while at a toilet, a mikoshi-nyūdō would definitely appear. Concerning legends like these relating to toilets, there is the theory that they may have been confused with the kanbari-nyūdō.

True identity of mikoshi
There are many where the true identity of mikoshi-nyūdō is unclear, but there are regions where they are animals that possess the ability to transform. In the legends of Hinoemata, Minamiaizu District, Fukushima Prefecture, they are shapeshifted weasels, and it is said that if one gets lured to look up from the nyūdō's expansion, the weasel would take that opening and bite at one's throat. In the "Tonoigusa," they are shapeshifted tanuki, and there are also some regions where they are shapeshifted foxes (kitsune). In the Shinano Province (now Nagano Prefecture), they are said to be shapeshifted mujina. Also, in the aforementioned Hinoemata, it is said that the mikoshi-nyūdō's true form is a hand-held object like a paper lantern, bucket, or rudder, and that it would be possible to exterminate the nyūdō by striking at the object.

Similar tales

Yōkai similar to the mikoshi-nyūdō, such as the shidaidaka, the taka-nyūdō, the taka-bōzu, the nobiagari, the norikoshi-nyūdō, the miage-nyūdō, the nyūdō-bōzu, the yanbon, etc. throughout the country.

At Uminokuchi, Minamimaki, Minamisaku District, Nagano Prefecture, Akadani, Kitakanbara District, Niigata Prefecture (now Shibata), Kamikawane, Haibara District, Shizuoka Prefecture (now Honwane), Mikura, Shūchi District, also Shizuoka Prefecture (now Mori) among other places, they are told in legends simply under the name "mikoshi." In Kamikawane, there is a story where in the past, two young fellows discovered nobori-like object climbing up the night sky, and were surprised, saying "It's a mikoshi!"

Also, in Ryōgōchi, Ihara District, Shizuoka Prefecture (now Shizuoka), they are also called , and it is said that something with the appearance of a little bōzu would talk to people at the end of a road, and in the middle of the conversation, its height would soon become taller, just continuing to look at this would result in fainting, but they would disappear by saying "." They are said to appear with the look of a kind person, and when a person passing along talks to it, it would grow larger depending on the contents of the conversation.

In Icchōda, Amakusa District, Kumamoto Prefecture (now Amakusa), they are told in legends using the same pronunciation "mikoshi-nyūdō" but are written with different kanji, 御輿入道. It is said that they are a yōkai with a height of about five shaku (about 15 meters) that would appear on the road Geden no Kama, and to people who encounter them, it would lick around their lips as if it was licking them right then. A certain person encountered this, and when he prayed silently to god with all his mind, the nyūdō, without any fear of god, rode on a mikoshi-like object, and dragging out a long cloth, it flew away toward the mountain.

In the kibyōshi the "" by Masayoshi Kitao, it appears as , a female yōkai that has deep hair and a long neck, and this has been determined to be a female version of the mikoshi-nyūdō (refer to image).

Yōkai depictions

Even while simply saying "mikoshi-nyūdō," they have been depicted as having various appearances in yōkai depictions. In the yōkai emaki, the "Hyakkai Zukan" from the Edo period (refer to image) as well as the yōkai sugoroku the "Mukashi-banashi Yōkai Sugoroku (百種怪談妖物双六)," only its face and upper body have been captured in the depiction, and are thus compositions that do not make clear what characteristics they have for their body. The mikoshi-nyūdō that has been depicted under the title "Mikoshi" in the Gazu Hyakki Yagyō by Sekien Toriyama (refer to image) is depicted covered by the shadow of a large tree, and its neck has become long, but since this is its appearance to people looking from behind, it does not mean that it is emphasizing the length of its neck like that of a rokurokubi.

While mikoshi-nyūdō depicted as a yōkai with giant characteristics exists, the mikoshi-nyūdō that brings to mind the long-necked rokurokubi depicted in play images in the Edo period are certainly not strange. There are those who think that they are related to the rokurokubi, and since the rokurokubi of legends are frequently female, they are sometimes pointed out as examples of male rokurokubi. The length of its neck has been exaggerated over the passage of eras, and in the late Edo period, it has become standard for its neck to be long and thin, and for its face to have three eyes. In many kusazōshi that had a theme on yōkai, they are also depicted as having a characteristic long neck, and from having an appearance with such impact, they almost always appear as the chief yōkai.

There is the opinion that these kinds of things give a glimpse on the varied and complicated influences that went into forming the world of yōkai.

See also
Rokurokubi
Takaonna
List of legendary creatures from Japan

Notes

Yōkai
Japanese giants
Japanese folklore
Fictional Buddhist monks


This is a list of venues used for professional and some amateur baseball in Los Angeles, California, United States, and surrounding neighborhoods and cities such as Hollywood, Vernon, Venice and Anaheim.

Professional

Athletic Park
Los Angeles Seraphs/Angels - California League (1892-1893 part)
Location: Seventh Street (south); Alameda Street (west); Mateo Street (east); Palmetto Street a block's width away to the north.

Ballpark within Chutes Park opened around 1895.
Home of:
Los Angeles Angels - California League (1901-02) / Pacific Coast League (1903-1910)

Location: north-center edge of the amusement park which was bounded by Grand Avenue (west), Main Street (east), Washington Boulevard (north, which bordered third base line), 21st Street (south)
Currently: LA Mart and parking lots

Prager Park
Home of: Los Angeles Nationals - Pacific National League (1903) - disbanded Aug 21
Location: Grand Avenue (west), Washington Boulevard (south), Hill Street (east) - "across the street from Chutes Park"

Maier Park
Though nominally Los Angeles, in order to avoid conflicts with the PCL the teams played all their games at the parks of the other teams: Long Beach, Pasadena, Redondo and Santa Ana
Home of:
Vernon Tigers - Pacific Coast League (1909-1912, 1915-1925)
Los Angeles Maiers - Southern California Trolley League (1910 only)
Los Angeles McCormicks - Southern California Trolley League (1910 only)
Location: in Vernon - the actual Vernon ballpark was on Santa Fe Avenue (east, left field); buildings and 38th Street (north, third base); Irving street (west, first base); and industrial buildings (south, right field)

Washington Park
Home of:
Los Angeles Angels - Pacific Coast League (1911-late 1925)
 Venice Tigers - PCL (1913-1914) (selected games)
Location: Address listed as 218 West Washington Boulevard. On a large block bounded by Washington (north), Main (east), 21st (south), Hill Street (west), overlaying Chutes Park site
Currently: LA Mart and parking lots

Maier Park
Home of: Venice Tigers - PCL (1913-1914)
Location: in the Venice district - southwest corner of Virginia Avenue and Washington Boulevard (now South Venice Boulevard and Abbot Kinney Boulevard) - stands were physically moved from the one city to the other

Wrigley Field
Home of:
Los Angeles Angels - Pacific Coast League (late 1925-1957)
Hollywood Stars - PCL (1926-1935, 1938)
Los Angeles California Angels - American League (1961 only)
Location: Avalon Boulevard (east, right field); 41st Street (north, left field); 42nd Place (south, first base); San Pedro Street (west, third base) - about 1½ miles straight south of Washington Park
Currently: Gilbert W. Lindsay Community Center

Gilmore Stadium
Home of: Hollywood Stars - PCL (while awaiting completion of Gilmore Field)
Location: west of Gilmore Field
Currently: CBS Television City

Gilmore Field
Home of: Hollywood Stars - PCL (1939-57)
Location: south side of Beverly Boulevard; between Genesee Avenue and The Grove Drive; between Gilmore Stadium (west) and Pan-Pacific Auditorium (east)
Home plate: northwest corner
Currently: parking lot for CBS Television City

Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Home of: Los Angeles Dodgers - National League (1958-61)
Location: 3911 South Figueroa Street

Dodger Stadium also known as Chavez Ravine
Home of:
Los Angeles Dodgers - National League (1962-present)
Los Angeles/California Angels - American League (1962-65)
Also used as a neutral site in the 2020 MLB postseason
Location: 1000 Vin Scully Avenue (orig. Elysian Park Avenue)

Angel Stadium of Anaheim also known as Anaheim Stadium and Edison International Field
Home of: California / Los Angeles Angels - American League (1966-present)
Location: 2000 Gene Autry Way; in Anaheim

Amateur
Anteater Ballpark
Home of: UC Irvine Anteaters baseball (2002–present)
Location: On the campus of the University of California, Irvine in the Orange County city of that name.

Bovard Field
Home of: USC Trojans baseball (through 1973)
Location: On the campus of the University of Southern California.
Currently: E.F. Hutton Park (a quadrangle)

Dedeaux Field
Home of: USC Trojans baseball (1974–present)
Location: On the campus of the University of Southern California.

Eddy D. Field Stadium
Home of: Pepperdine Waves baseball (1973–present)
Location: On the campus of Pepperdine University in Malibu.

George C. Page Stadium
Home of: Loyola Marymount Lions baseball (1983–present)
Location: On the campus of Loyola Marymount University.

Jackie Robinson Stadium
Home of: UCLA Bruins baseball (1981–present)
Location: On the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles.

Matador Field
Home of: Cal State Northridge Matadors baseball (1961–present)
Location: On the campus of California State University, Northridge in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Northridge.

Blair Field
Home of: Long Beach State Dirtbags baseball (1993–present)
Location: Recreation Park, Long Beach, CA
Historically: Formerly professional minor league baseball and host of Area Code games.

See also
Lists of baseball parks

Sources
Peter Filichia, Professional Baseball Franchises, Facts on File, 1993.
Phil Lowry, Green Cathedrals,  several editions.
Michael Benson, Ballparks of North America, McFarland, 1989.
Lawrence Ritter, Lost Ballparks, Penguin, 1992.

External links
Early Angels baseball
Vernon Tigers
Sanborn map showing L.A. White Sox Park, 1921

Los Angeles

Baseball


The 2nd IAAF World Cup in Athletics was an international track and field sporting event sponsored by the International Association of Athletics Federations, held on August 24–26, 1979, at Olympic Stadium in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Overall results

Medal summary

Men

Women

1 Totka Petrova of Europe originally won the 1500m with 4:06.47, but she was disqualified after it was found that she had failed a doping test at the Balkan Games.

External links
World Cup Results
Full Results by IAAF

IAAF Continental Cup
World Cup
IAAF World Cup
IAAF World Cup
IAAF World Cup, 1979
IAAF World Cup
World Cup


Wayne Gretzky is a retired National Hockey League player.

Gretzky may also refer to:
 Gretzky (surname) (Russian Грецкий), a Belarusian and Russian surname of Polish aristocratic origin
 Gretzky (album), an album by Electro Quarterstaff
 Wayne Gretzky Drive, a freeway in Edmonton, Canada
 Hlinka Gretzky Cup, an ice hockey tournament


Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar exist as branches of the parent organisations in the United Kingdom.

Gibraltar Scouts

Gibraltar Scouts operates as a branch of the United Kingdom Scout Association, due to Gibraltar's affiliation as a British overseas territory. Gibraltar Boy Scouts were first recognised as a Branch of the Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom in 1913

History

The first overseas troop of The Scout Association, the 1st Gibraltar Scout Troop, was established on 27 March 1908. It has since amalgamated with the 4th Gibraltar Scout Troop, becoming the 1st/4th Gibraltar (Marques of Milford Haven's Own) Scout Group. This is the largest Group in Gibraltar with a membership of 180 members divided into two Beaver colonies, two Cub packs, two Scout troops, one Explorer Unit and a Corps of Drums. The 2nd Gibraltar Boy Scout Troop was  formed in 1910. The first Wolf Cub Pack in Gibraltar was formed in 1914. The first Rover Crew was formed by the 2nd Gibraltar Scout Group in 1928. The 3rd and 4th Gibraltar Scout Troop were formed prior to 1913.

The Gibraltar Sea Scouts arose from an amalgamation of the 5th Gibraltar Sea Scouts, formed in 1914, with the 3rd Gibraltar Sea Scouts Group. The Group is Royal Navy recognised. The group is  well known for its band, the Gibraltar Sea Scouts Pipe Band.

In 2008, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the formation of Scouting in Gibraltar, the Gibraltar Parliament passed a motion conferring Freedom of the City of Gibraltar on The Scout Association (Gibraltar Branch).

Program
The Gibraltar Scout Promise and Law, as well as other Scouting requirements, closely follow that of the UK. Although the program activities are taken from the British system, Gibraltar Scouting is geared to the local way of life. Training for Wood Badge and leader training are conducted with the help of British and nearby affiliated Scout associations. Gibraltar Scouts participate in numerous camps and events in Gibraltar as well as throughout the UK and southern Spain.

Girlguiding Gibraltar

Girlguiding Gibraltar (formerly Gibraltar Girl Guide Association) is a Guiding organization in Gibraltar. It is one of the nine branch associations of Girlguiding UK. It is represented by Girlguiding UK at World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) level and Girlguiding UK's Chief Guide is also Chief Guide for Girlguiding Gibraltar. The program is a modified form of Guiding in the United Kingdom, adapted to suit local conditions, with the same promise, and Rainbow, Brownie, Guide and Ranger groups.

History
The first Girl Guides troop in Gibraltar was formed in summer 1914, its creation was reported to the Colonial Secretary on 28 August 1914. However, the official founding year of the branch is given with 1925 and was remembered by three stamps issued on 10 October 1975.

In April 2009 the Gibraltar Parliament conferred the Honorary Freedom of the City of Gibraltar upon the local Girl Guide movement in recognition of decades of positive contribution to the community.

See also

References

External links
 The Scouts Association, Gibraltar Branch official site

Youth organisations based in Gibraltar
Overseas branches of Scouting and Guiding associations
Gibraltar
Gibraltar
Gibraltar


The following is a list of articles on municipal elections in the City of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

City of Hamilton - pre-amalgamation
1969 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
1972 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
1974 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
1976 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
1978 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
1980 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
1982 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
1985 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
1988 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
1991 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
1994 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election

New City of Hamilton - post-amalgamation
 1997 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
 2000 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
 2003 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
 2006 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
 2010 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
 2014 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
 2018 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election

Elections, Municipal, Hamilton


A placental disease is any disease, disorder, or pathology of the placenta.

Ischemic placental disease leads to the attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall to become under-perfused, causing uteroplacental ischemia. Where the term overarches the pathology associated with preeclampsia, placental abruptions and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). These factors are known to be the primary pathophysiology cause placental disease. Which is considered to be associated with more than half of premature births.

Abnormalities present within the spiral arteries lead to higher velocities in blood, in turn causes the maternal villi to shred. Which trigger pro-coagulator molecules to be released into the blood stream causing action of the coagulator cascade, eventually leading to placental infarction. Risk factors such as diabetes, chronic blood pressure and multiple pregnancies can increase the risk of developing placental disease. Also, exposure to sudden trauma can increase the risk of placental abruption which coincides with placental disease.

There is no target treatment available for placental disease. Associative prevention mechanisms can be a method of minimising the risk of developing the disease, within early stages of pregnancy.

Placental syndromes include pregnancy loss, fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption and intrauterine fetal demise.

Signs and symptoms

The abnormal spiral arteries lead decreased level of oxygen diffusion through the placental villus, which cause chronic hypoxia. The abnormal trophoblast invasion, lead to overall uteroplacental insufficiencies and uteroplacental underperfusion. It is due to the decreased vascularisation, there are reduced levels of nutrient delivery to the foetus. Also, cases of still births can be associated with placental disease.

Causes
Preeclampsia is considered to be linked with Placental Disease, as well as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and placental abruptions are risk factors that lead to placental disease. Especially when these symptoms are evident at early stages of pregnancy. The abnormal invasion of the trophoblast cells, lack of important growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF), has an association with the onset of placental disease.

Risk factors
Risk factors associated with placental disease are as follows:

	Smoking cigarettes and use other forms of drugs such as cocaine.
	Diabetes mellitus
	Maternal age less than 20 years or over the age of 35
	Multiple pregnancies
	Chronic high blood pressure
	Being underweight or obese

Also, chronic renal disease, collagen vascular disease, thrombophilia, and cardiovascular disease increase the risk of developing placental disease. Moreover, being exposed to severe trauma within the pregnancy period, rapid acceleration and deceleration and uterine compression increase the risk of placental abruption, in turn leading to placental disease.

Adherence/penetration
 Abruptio placentae
 Placenta accreta
 Placenta increta
 Placenta percreta

Inflammatory/infectious
Placentitis
 Villitis of unknown etiology
 TORCH infections

Placental development
 Circumvallate placenta
 Placental villous immaturity

Obstruction of os
 Placenta previa
 Vasa previa

Vascular
 Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy
 Hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy
 Chorangiosis
 Chorangioma
 Placental infarction

Neoplastic
Trophoblastic neoplasms derive from trophoblastic tissue. Examples include:
Choriocarcinoma
Hydatidiform mole

Mechanism
In placental disease, there's abnormalities present within the spiral arties of the uterus, where the terminal part of the spinal arteries does not dilate. This leads to decrease oxygen carried past the maternal villi into the intervillus space. The lack of terminal dilation and inclining blood velocity causes shredding of the villi into the maternal blood, releasing blood coagulants activating the coagulation cascade. Which then leads to blocking of the blood vessels causing placental infarction.

Diagnosis
Placental Disease can be diagnosed through technologies such as, Prenatal ultrasound evaluation and invasive foetal testing. The size of the foetus is taken into account through ultrasonography in terms of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In conjunction with taking into account the maternal history. Suspicions may be confirmed by postpartum examination of the placenta.

Prevention
The following factors can be linked with reducing the likelihood of developing placental disease:
Use of aspirin, can reduce the risks associated with preeclampsia
Low calcium intake can reduce the risk of preeclampsia
Reducing oxidative stress present within the body
Intake of prenatal multivitamins

Treatment
Treatment of placental disease would require a premature birth, in order to avoid a still birth.

Epidemiology
Placental disease is more common in preterm gestation than with full term.  Which leads to serious injuries to both the mother and the new-born. Women who endured placental disease within the first pregnancy has an increased risk of the disease progressing within future pregnancies. The onset of the disease within the first trimester leads to preterm delivery of a premature baby. Preeclampsia is diagnosed in 3-5% of pregnancies that place them at risk of developing placental disease. Ischemic placental disease is linked with approximately more than half of premature births.

References

External links

Complications of labour and delivery


The , also called the Toyota Rukus in Australia, and the Scion xB in the US and Canada, is a compact 5-door hatchback produced by Toyota from 2007 to 2015. Based on the E150 series Corolla, the design of the car had been adapted from the xB to meet the Japanese preferences. It is also the first Japanese domestic market Corolla model to exceed the Japanese compact car's  width limit, by having .

The "Rumion" nameplate was revived in October 2021 for the rebadged second-generation Suzuki Ertiga marketed in various African countries.

Specifications

Body styles

Engines

Transmissions

Limited editions and packages

Aerotourer Chocolate
The Toyota Corolla Rumion Aerotourer Chocolate is a limited edition of 1.5X, 1.5G, 1.8S with chocolate-colored body. The Corolla Rumion Aerotourer Chocolate edition went on sale on 21 January 2008.

Aerotourer Sora
The Toyota Corolla Rumion Aerotourer Sora is a limited edition of 1.5G Aero Tourer, 1.8S Aero Tourer with Light Blue Mica Metallic body, Super White II-colored aero parts (front spoiler, side mudguard, rear bumpers, rear roof spoiler), two-tone interior (Light Blue Mica Metallic with Super White II meter borders). The Corolla Rumion Aerotourer Sora edition went on sale on 6 May 2008.

1.8S/1.5G “Smart Package”
The 1.8S/1.5G “Smart Package” is an equipment package keyless entry, engine start/stop switch, engine immobilizer. Optional features (standard on 1.8S) include high intensity discharge head lamp, driver side arm rest.

Production
The Toyota Corolla Rumion was built in the Iwate plant of Kanto Auto Works. Toyota stopped exporting the Scion xB to the North American market in 2015 as it was replaced by the iM, which is a rebadged second generation Auris, which was rebranded as the Corolla iM from August 2016 for the 2017 model year since the Scion brand was discontinued.

Gallery

References

External links

Rumion
Cars introduced in 2007
2010s cars
Compact cars
Hatchbacks
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Vehicles with CVT transmission


The Miss Costa Rica is a national beauty pageant in Costa Rica. The winner of the pageant represents Costa Rica at Miss Universe pageant.

History
Costa Rica has participated in the Miss Universe pageant since 1954 and has sent 56 representatives in the pageant's 60-year history. The event has been broadcast by Teletica since 1960. Women between the ages of 18 and 27, each representing a province, compete to represent Costa Rica for one year and participate in the annual Miss Universe international competition.

Titleholders

See also
Reinas de Costa Rica

References

External links
Official Miss Costa Rica website

Costa Rica
Costa Rica
Recurring events established in 1954
Costa Rican awards


The following is a list of episodes of Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!, NPR's news quiz program, that aired during 2009.  All episodes, unless otherwise indicated, were hosted by Peter Sagal and announcer/scorekeeper Carl Kassell, and originated at Chicago's Chase Theater.  Dates indicated are the episodes' original Saturday air dates.  Job titles of the guests reflect their job position or status at the time of their appearance.

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

References

External links
Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me! Archives
WWDT.Me, an unofficial Wait Wait historical site

Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!
Wait Wait Don't Tell Me
Wait Wait Don't Tell Me


El Que Sabe, Sabe is the fourth studio album by Puerto Rican rapper Tego Calderón, released 8 years after his last studio album, El Abayarde Contraataca, and 3 years after his mixtape The Original Gallo del País. The album won a Latin Grammy Award for Best Urban Music Album.

Background
Originally set to be titled Mr. T, the album instead ended being titled El Que Sabe, Sabe in honor of Tego's father, Esteban Calderón Ibarraza, who died in 2004 and the production's title was a common phrase of him. It has lyrics influenced by Tego Calderón's life and also popular reggaeton. Calderón also decided to mix old school reggaeton with new music, for example: "Al Grano", which mixes reggaeton and dubstep. A duet was recorded with Latin Grammy winner Kany García. The song is about a young child suffering from many forms of abuse. Other songs like "Por Burro" and "Amar Por Amar" includes social themes. A song titled "Nadie Me Tumba" was recorded for this album, and a preview was released on the Internet, but Calderón decided to not include it on his album because he didn't want sad tracks. The rapper said that the song talks about his life and the problems que had after an accident.

Calderón intended to release the album through Sony Music, but its executives did not like the fact that the album "was too intelligent and the public was stupid". He said that they rejected the album because the public doesn't have the intellectual level to understand it. Tego was upset and angry with this decision, and manifested his anger about Sony Music. He finally released his album through Siente Music, a subsidiary of Universal Music Latino.

Release and promotion
The official release date for the album El Que Sabe, Sabe was February 3, 2015 and as of January 13, 2015 the album was made available for preorder via iTunes. It reached the top position on Billboard's Latin Rhythm chart on his first week. On February 13, 2015 was released the music video of "Dando Break", the album's only single. A music video for the song's remix was released on March 23, 2015.

Track listing

Music videos
"Dando Break" - February 11, 2015
"Dando Break" (Remix) - March 23, 2015
"El Que Sabe, Sabe" - September 30, 2015

Charts

References

External links
 Tego Calderon's Official Website
 El Que Sabe, Sabe on iTunes

2015 albums
Tego Calderón albums
Universal Music Latino albums
Latin Grammy Award for Best Urban Music Album


SixthSense is a gesture-based wearable computer system developed at MIT Media Lab by Steve Mann in 1994 and 1997 (headworn gestural interface), and 1998 (neckworn version), and further developed by Pranav Mistry (also at MIT Media Lab), in 2009, both of whom developed both hardware and software for both headworn and neckworn versions of it. It comprises a headworn or neck-worn pendant that contains both a data projector and camera. Headworn versions were built at MIT Media Lab in 1997 (by Steve Mann) that combined cameras and illumination systems for interactive photographic art, and also included gesture recognition (e.g. finger-tracking using colored tape on the fingers).

SixthSense is a name for extra information supplied by a wearable computer, such as the device called EyeTap (Mann), Telepointer (Mann), and "WuW" (Wear yoUr World) by Pranav Mistry.

Origin of the name
Sixth Sense technology (a camera combined with a light source) was developed in 1997 as a headworn device, and in 1998 as a neckworn object, but the Sixth Sense name for this work was not coined and published until 2001, when Mann coined the term "Sixth Sense" to describe such devices.

Mann referred to this wearable computing technology as affording a "Synthetic Synesthesia of the Sixth Sense", believing that wearable computing and digital information could act in addition to the five traditional senses.  Ten years later, Pattie Maes, also with MIT Media Lab, used the term "Sixth Sense" in this same context, in a TED talk.

Similarly, other inventors have used the term sixth-sense technology to describe new capabilities that augment the traditional five human senses. For example, in U.S. patent no. 9,374,397, timo platt et als, refer to their new communications invention as creating a new social and personal sense, i.e., a "metaphorical sixth sense", enabling users (while retaining their privacy and anonymity) to sense and share the "stories" and other attributes and information of those around them.

References

Further reading
 Elish, M. C. (2011, January). Responsible storytelling: communicating research in video demos. In Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction (pp. 25–28). ACM.

External links
 Sixthsense Tutorials
 Steve Mann's SixthSense site
 Pranav Mistry's SixthSense homepage
 SixthSense Google code site
 SixthSense Github repository

Augmented reality
Virtual reality
Graphical user interfaces
Surface computing
MIT Media Lab
Gesture recognition


Mortuary Affairs is a service within the United States Army Quartermaster Corps tasked with the recovery, identification, transportation, and preparation for burial of deceased American and American-allied military personnel. The human remains of enemy or non-friendly persons, are collected and returned to their respective governments or affiliations.

The Air Force has a similar facility at Dover AFB in Delaware, manned by the Army's Mortuary Affairs Personnel.

Until 1991, the army's mortuary affairs was known as the Graves Registration Service (GRS or GRREG). The Graves Registration Service was created several months after the United States entered World War I.

The current Army Military Occupational Specialty for the career field is 92A (a general code for officers across the Quartermaster Corps) with a 4-Victor qualification course completion and 92M for enlisted personnel.

Responsibilities
Mortuary Affairs is responsible for retrieval, identification, transportation, and burial of American soldiers. Retrieval can be further subdivided into:
 Combat Recovery – Recovery while combat is still ongoing.
 Post-Combat Recovery – Recovery of the dead immediately after combat has ceased. Danger from mines and enemy snipers is still quite high. Until the 20th century, it was commonplace for combatants to call battlefield truces, in which combatants would temporarily cease fire to allow for the collection of their dead. This practice has ceased in modern warfare.
 Area/Theater Recovery
 Historical Recovery

The role of the Mortuary Affairs service is legally defined in 10 USC, subtitle A, Chapter 75, Subchapter I, section 1471.

Mortuary Affairs has historically been tied with investigation of war crimes. Following World War II, Graves Registration Personnel were instructed to forward all pathological evidence indicating war crimes to the War Crimes Commission.

The Mortuary Affairs Creed is 'Dignity, Reverence, Respect.'

History

Pre-World War I
In the Seminole Wars and Mexican–American War, American soldiers were buried near where they fell, with no effort made to return and little effort made to identify the dead. The American Civil War marked the first time the United States made a concerted effort to identify fallen soldiers. General Order No. 33 specified that field commanders were responsible for identification and burial efforts. However, these efforts were not well organized or executed, and were often given low priority. (Commanders were more concerned with winning battles than with the disposition of fallen soldiers). After the war, remains of Union soldiers were disinterred and reburied in National Cemeteries.

During the Spanish–American War, the United States initiated a policy of returning soldiers killed on foreign soil back to next-of-kin in the United States, the first country in the world to do so. "Quartermaster General Marshall I. Ludington spoke words that became a harbinger of U.S. retrieval efforts in major world conflicts only a few years later. He said the efforts of the Quartermaster Corps in the Spanish–American War were most likely the first attempt of a nation to "disinter the remains of all its soldiers who, in defense of their country, had given up their lives on a foreign shore, and bring them... to their native land for return to their relatives and friends or their reinternment in the beautiful cemeteries which have been provided by our Government for its defenders."

During the Philippine–American War, the Burial Corps and United States Army Morgue and Office of Identification had overlapping responsibilities for care of the dead.

World War I

The Graves registration service was created by General Order #104, issued on August 7, 1917, four months after the United States entered World War I. It consolidated the existing departments into the Graves Registration Service. At its inception, the Graves registration service consisted of the 301st, 302nd, 303rd, and 304th Grave Registration Units. They were deployed to Europe during the war. Many of the men that served in these units had been incapacitated for field service.

World War II
The Graves Registration Service ceased to exist during Interwar period. This led to difficulties reactivating the service at the beginning of World War II. Despite these initial difficulties, by the end of the war, the Graves Registration service consisted of more than 30 active companies and 11 separately numbered platoons.

At the end of World War II, the Graves Registration service was again effectively disbanded.

Korean War

The onset of the Korean War caused many problems for the Graves Registration Service. Only one platoon was available in the entire theater. "As the conflict grew in intensity, and deaths of United Nations personnel increased, it became necessary for each combat division to establish and operate its own cemetery, pending the arrival of graves registration companies from the zone of interior to assume this responsibility." The rugged terrain and difficult lines of communication further hampered Graves Registration Service activities. Shifts in the momentum of the war meant that it was not uncommon for whole cemeteries to be disinterred and moved elsewhere.

Starting on Christmas Day in 1950, the United States changed its policies regarding the handling of soldiers who had been killed in action. Rather than burying them in temporary cemeteries for return at a future date after the conclusion of the war, soldiers killed in action were immediately returned to the United States. This policy, known as concurrent return, remains in effect to this day.

Vietnam War
Better transportation, communication, and laboratory techniques allowed a higher rate of body identification in the Vietnam War than in previous conflicts. 96% of Americans killed in action were recovered, compared to 78% for both World War II and Korea. By the end of the war, only 28 recovered bodies remained unidentified. All but one of them were identified by 1984, when the last one was interred in the Tomb of the Unknowns. (Using mitochondrial DNA, in 1998, the last unknown was identified as Michael Blassie.)

Iraq War and War in Afghanistan

The 54th Quartermaster Company and 111th Quartermaster Company are the Army's only standing, permanent mortuary affairs units. Mortuary affairs training takes place at Fort Lee, Virginia, and lasts about seven weeks. These soldiers search areas for hasty or unmarked graves, unburied dead, personal effects, and identification media. They also assist in preparation, preservation, and shipment of remains.

The Charles C. Carson Center for Mortuary Affairs at Dover Air Force Base is where remains of those killed in action are processed and returned home.  There are currently two U.S. Army Mortuaries located in Germany and Korea.  These locations have U.S. licensed funeral directors and embalmers along with 92M staffing to provide services to all Department of Defense components that are located within their respective areas.

Some of those who have volunteered to work with the dead will serve at collection points in Iraq and Afghanistan; others will work in the port mortuary at Dover Air Force Base in Delaware. Another small group will work with the 246th or 311th Quartermaster Company from Puerto Rico, a Reserve Mortuary Affairs unit, in Dover Air Force Base in Delaware, at the Joint Personal Effects Depot (JPED). Here, soldiers will receive, inventory, process, clean, filter, and ship all items belonging to deceased or injured soldiers.

The 92Ms have cared for the majority of the more than 4,500 military casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan. They operate under a code of conduct that's part scientific and part symbolic. Using the language of a medical examiner, they fill out forms describing and annotating every wound and marking on the remains they receive. They also "render honors" to each soldier in their care.

In 2008, the Department of Defense lifted its ban on media coverage (especially photographs) of the return of the remains of fallen service members.  Currently, news media may be present if the survivors of the dead give their consent.  The ban had been in effect for 18 years, having been instituted in 1991, at the time of the Persian Gulf War.  However, the ban was waived on a large number of occasions, to the point that its existence only became widely known in 2004.  When the ban was enforced at that time, it was widely criticized as politically motivated.

Health issues
Studies have shown that mortuary affairs personnel have some of the highest rates of post traumatic stress disorder. "Analysis has revealed three psychological components of handling remains: "the gruesomeness," "an emotional link between the viewer and the remains," and "personal threats to the remains handler."
Anecdotal evidence also suggests that those involved with the removal and disposal of war-dead often have to deal with a great amount of psychological pressure later on in their lives, as well as at the time of their duties.

See also
 American Battle Monuments Commission
 Commonwealth War Graves Commission

Notes

References

Further reading

External links
 Joint Mortuary Affairs Center
 Woodrow Wilson: How Bodies of WWI Dead Are Handled Prior to Re-Burial in the U.S., Shapell Manuscript Foundation
 Army Quartermaster Foundation – Mortuary Affairs History Page
 US Air Force Mortuary Affairs

Funeral-related industry
Quartermaster units and formations of the United States Army


Ytre Østfold is the "outer" area of Østfold county (Norway) that has a fjord or coastal line, or is a part of the hughe city area in the southern part of the county. (also known as the Nedre Glomma region because it is at the end of Norway's longest river Glomma)

References

County map at a well known Norwegian encyclopedia

Geography of Østfold


Montpelier is a late 18th-century Federal-style mansion in Clear Spring in Washington County, Maryland, United States. Montpelier was the residence of John Thomson Mason (15 March 1765–10 December 1824), a prominent American jurist and Attorney General of Maryland in 1806. Montpelier is located at 13448 Broadfording Road in Clear Spring.

History
Montpelier is a two-story brick mansion built around 1770 by Colonel Richard Barnes. In 1800, Colonel Richard and John Barnes were the largest slaveholders in Washington County with 89 enslaved people. In Richard Barnes's 1804 will, he freed all his enslaved people two years after his death. Among these were famous African Methodist Episcopal minister, Thomas Henry.

John Thomson Mason acquired the property and resided there. President Thomas Jefferson visited Montpelier to urge Mason to accept an appointment as United States Attorney General. Mason's son John Thomson Mason, Jr. was born at Montpelier on 9 May 1815. Mason died on 10 December 1824 and was interred at Montpelier, with his wife, where they remain to this day. Much of the Montpelier estate surrounding the mansion remains in historical preservation.

References

Houses completed in 1770
Mason family residences
Houses in Washington County, Maryland
Federal architecture in Maryland
Plantation houses in Maryland
1770 establishments in Maryland


Aasmund Brynildsen (16 October 1917 – 19 June 1974) was a Norwegian essayist, biographer, magazine editor and publishing house consultant.

Personal life
Brynildsen was born at Tjøme to shipmaster Lars Christian Holm Brynildsen and Lilly Kristine Larsen, and was a nephew of Alf Larsen. After passing examen artium in 1937, he studied philosophy and literary history at the University of Oslo, though without graduating. He was married twice, first to Ruth Bülov from 1941 to 1945, and second to writer Karin Bang, whom he married in 1952.

Career
During the 1930s, Brynildsen wrote a number of essayistic articles in the magazine Janus, starting with an article on the art of Pablo Picasso ("Pablo Picassos urbillede") in 1935. His first books were Der er en kilde from 1945, and Dommen til døden from 1946. He co-edited the anthroposophical magazine Spektrum from 1950 to 1954. He was assigned with the publishing house Dreyer, as translator, author and principal consultant. He wrote articles for newspaper and magazines, in particular for Morgenbladet and Farmand. He issued several essays collections, including Det nye hjerte og andre essays (1960), Fornuft og besettelse (1963), Fra Chartres til Eidsvold (1970), Utvalgte essays (1970), and Svermeren og hans demon (1973), a collection of four essays on the writer Knut Hamsun. He published two poetry collections, Hvem våker from 1968 and Bønn til en bokfink from 1975, and the memoir book Hudø. Bilder fra en barndom from 1974.

Brynildsen was a member of the Norwegian Academy for Language and Literature from 1968. He was awarded the Riksmål Society Literature Prize in 1973.

References

1917 births
1974 deaths
People from Tjøme
Norwegian essayists
Norwegian magazine editors
Anthroposophists
20th-century Norwegian writers
20th-century essayists
Morgenbladet people


Fricot is a traditional Acadian dish. Fricot is such an important part of Acadian food culture that the call to eat in Acadian French is "Au fricot!"

The main ingredients consist of potatoes, onions, and whatever meat was available, cooked in a stew and topped with dumplings. The common meats used were chicken (fricot au poulet), clams (fricot aux coques), rabbit (fricot au lapin des bois), beef, or pork. When chicken was used, it was traditionally an older chicken, since an egg-laying chicken would have been too precious to cook. This accounts for the long cooking time, as an older chicken would have had tougher meat.

In lean times, a meatless fricot would be made. Fricot a la belette was one term for this, which means "weasel stew". The reference being made is that the cook is as sly as a weasel for leaving out the meat. In the opposite vein, Prince Edward Island Acadians use the term fricot a la bazette which means "stupid cook's stew", implying that the meat was forgotten.

The word fricot has its origins in 18th century France where it was used to mean a feast. The following century, it had evolved to mean "meat stew", and later still it became used to refer to prepared food.

See also

 List of stews
 List of Canadian inventions and discoveries
 Canadian cuisine

References

External links
 Acadien Fricot History

Acadian cuisine
Stews


David Vann is the name of:
 David Vann (mayor) (1928–2000), mayor of Birmingham, Alabama
 David Vann (Cherokee leader) (1800–1863), Treasurer of the Cherokee Nation
 David Vann (writer) (born 1966), writer, sailor and creative writing professor at the University of Warwick


A Poruwa ceremony is a traditional Sinhalese wedding ceremony. The ceremony takes place on a "Poruwa", a beautifully decorated, traditional wooden platform. The ceremony involves a series of rituals performed by the bride and groom, and their families.

Order of events
The groom and his relatives assemble on the right of the Poruwa and the bride's family gathers on the left. The bride and groom enter the Poruwa leading with the right foot first. They greet each other with palms held together in the traditional manner. The ceremony officiant then presents betel leaves to the couple which they accept. Afterwards, they hand them back to him to be placed on the Poruwa.

The bride's father places the right hand of the bride on that of the groom as a symbolic gesture of handing over the bride to the groom. The groom's brother hands over a tray with seven sheaves of betel leaves with a coin placed in each. The groom holds the tray while the bride takes one leaf at a time and drops it on the Poruwa. The groom then repeats this process. The groom's brother hands a gold necklace to the groom who in turn places it on the bride's neck. The maternal uncle enters the Poruwa and ties the small fingers of the bride and groom with a single gold thread (to symbolize unity) and then pours water over the fingers. Six girls will then bless the marriage with a traditional Buddhist chant (Jayamangala Gatha). The groom presents to his bride a white cloth which in turn is presented to the bride's mother. This is an expression of the groom's gratitude to his mother-in-law.

The bride's mother will then present a plate of milk rice specially cooked for the occasion to the bride who feeds a portion to the groom. The groom then feeds the bride. As the newly married couple steps down from the Poruwa, one of the groom's family members breaks a fresh coconut.

History
The Poruwa ceremony appears to have existed in Sri Lanka before the introduction of Buddhism in the 3rd century BC. The Poruwa ceremony was a valid custom as a registered marriage until the British introduced the registration of marriages by Law in 1870. Today's Poruwa ceremony has been influenced by both upcountry and low country customs of Sri Lanka.

See also
Buddhism in Sri Lanka

References
 www.manaali.com
 How to Perform a Poruwa Ceremony :Location Prince Hotel Kesbewa

External links
 Plan a Sri Lankan Traditional Wedding in Australia

Sri Lankan culture
Weddings by nationality
Weddings by culture
Buddhist rituals


The North Vanuatu languages form a linkage of Southern Oceanic languages spoken in northern Vanuatu.

Languages

Clark (2009)
Clark (2009) provides the following classification of the North Vanuatu languages, divided into two main geographic areas (Torres–Banks–Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost and Santo). Outlier (aberrant) languages identified by Clark (2009) are in italics.

North Vanuatu
Northern (Torres–Banks–Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost)
Torres–Banks languages
Torres Islands: Hiw, Lo-Toga (“Loh”)
Banks Islands: Lehali–Löyöp (“Ureparapara”), Mwotlap–Volow (“Mwotlav”), Lemerig–Vera’a (“Vera'a”), Vurës–Mwesen (“Vurës”), Mota, Nume, Dorig–Koro–Olrat (“South Gaua”), Lakon (“Lakona”), Mwerlap (“Merlav”)
Maewo–Ambae–North Pentecost
Maewo: Sun̄wadia, Sun̄wadaga, Baetora
Ambae: Duidui, Northeast Ambae
North Pentecost: Raga
South Pentecost: Ske (“Seke”); Apma, Sa
Espiritu Santo languages
Cape Cumberland (Nokuku); Tolomako
Wusi, Akei–Tasiriki–Tangoa–Araki (“SW Santo”), Tiale–Merei (“Central Santo”), Kiai, “South-central Santo”, M̈av̈ea (“Mafea”), Tutuba, Aore, Tamambo (“Tamabo”); Mores
Southeast Santo, Shark Bay; Sakao

François (2015)
The following list of 9 "Penama" North Vanuatu languages (that is, the North Vanuatu languages excluding the Torres–Banks and Espiritu Santo languages) is from François (2015:18–21).

References

 .

Southern Oceanic languages
Languages of Vanuatu


Yuancun Station () is  an interchange station between Line 5 and Line 21 of Guangzhou Metro, and also the terminus of Line 21. It is located under the junction of Huacheng Avenue East () and Yuancun 2nd Cross Road () in Tianhe District. It lies to the east of Zhujiang New Town and to the north of Pazhou, and was opened on 28December 2009.

Gallery

References

Railway stations in China opened in 2009
Guangzhou Metro stations in Tianhe District


Harold William Bradfield (20 September 18981 May 1960) was an Anglican bishop who served as Bishop of Bath and Wells from 1946 to 1960.

Harold was born in Lambeth, an only child whose father was a ‘Club and Smoking Room worker. He was at school at Dulwich College, and was 18 when he joined the City of London Yeomanry and the Army Cyclist Corps. He served in France in 1918-19 and, after the Great War ended, he was awarded the Victory and British War Medals. In 1922, he completed a Bachelor of Divinity degree at King's College, London, and was ordained and served in Lancashire as a curate and Vicar of St Mark’s, Heyside. In 1934, he was appointed Secretary of the Canterbury Diocesan Board of Finance and in 1942, Archdeacon of Croydon. Bradfield had been considered for bishoprics including Croydon in 1942, but concerns were expressed about his health because of over-exertion. Nevertheless, his reputation as ‘one of the ablest and most clearheaded men in administration and finance’ was emphasised by the Archbishop of Canterbury to the new Prime Minister, Clement Attlee, who was the key figure in the appointment process, and Bradfield was offered the bishopric of Bath and Wells. He remained in post until his death in 1960, the last in a series of bouts of ill-health. He gained national fame in 1953 when he was one of the Queen's supporters at her coronation. The occasion was one of the first major outside broadcasts, and Bradfield's distinctive spectacles and dark hair can be seen to the Queen's left, with Michael Ramsey of Durham, a future Archbishop of Canterbury, to her right.
Unusually for a Bishop of a major diocese in England in the 1949s and 1950s, Bradfield was not from a middle-class family nor had an Oxbridge degree. His success in the Church of England resulted from his own considerable strengths, particularly in the field of administration.

References

1898 births
1960 deaths
Alumni of King's College London
Archdeacons of Croydon
Bishops of Bath and Wells
Somerset County Cricket Club presidents
Fellows of King's College London
Holders of a Lambeth degree
Canons of Canterbury
People educated at Alleyn's School
British Army personnel of World War I
City of London Yeomanry (Rough Riders) soldiers
Army Cyclist Corps soldiers


Operation Mallard was the codename for an airborne forces operation, which was conducted by the British Army on 6 June 1944, as part of the Normandy landings during the Second World War.

The objective was to airlift glider infantry of the 6th Airlanding Brigade and divisional troops to reinforce the 6th Airborne Division on the left flank of the British invasion beaches. Using two landing zones, one to the west of the Caen canal and the other to the east of the River Orne, Mallard was the third airborne operation involving units of the division on D-Day. The first of the Caen canal and Orne river bridges to be captured, were what are now known as the Pegasus Bridge and Horsa Bridge. Operation Tonga followed, dropping the division's two parachute brigades near Caen to the east.

Mallard proved successful with 246 of the 256 gliders towed by aircraft from No. 38 Group RAF and No. 48 Group, arriving safely at their landing zones. The landings included the first Tetrarch tanks to be delivered into combat by air.

Background
Plans for the Normandy invasion included five assault landings from the sea, supported by airborne landings on both flanks by British and American airborne divisions. In what would be its first action, the 6th Airborne Division was chosen to land on the left flank of the British landing zone. Its primary objective on day one was to capture intact two bridges over the Caen canal and the River Orne. The division's secondary objective was the destruction of the Merville gun battery, which could engage ships landing nearby at Sword. To prevent German reinforcements approaching the invasion area from the east, 6th Airborne also had to destroy the bridges crossing the River Dives then dig in around Ranville and hold the left flank of the advance.

The two bridges were captured by a glider infantry assault by a reinforced company from the 2nd Battalion Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (2nd OBLI). As part of Operation Tonga, the division's secondary objectives involved its two parachute brigades. The 5th Parachute Brigade provided a defence in depth for the captured bridges, deploying to the east and west of the canal and river. The 3rd Parachute Brigade destroyed the Merville gun battery along with the bridges crossing the Dives, then fell back to form a defensive line to the east of 5th Parachute Brigade.

The strength of the airborne division's third formation, the 6th Airlanding Brigade, almost equalled that of the two parachute brigades. The constant shortage of transport aircraft meant that the airlanding brigade could not be transported to Normandy at the same time as the rest of the division.  Each of the brigade's three infantry battalions consisted of 806 men in four rifle companies, made up of four platoons along with a support company consisting of two Anti-tank platoons both armed with four 6 pounder guns, two mortar platoons each with six 3 inch mortars, and two Vickers machine gun platoons. There was no fixed plan for troops arriving as part of Operation Mallard – all would depend on how well the preceding units of the 6th Airborne Division and those landing at Sword had done during the day. But if all had gone to plan they were to cross both waterways and expand the divisions position to the south.

Gliders
Planes returning from the first missions were refuelled and repaired where required and made ready to tow the gliders that evening. The airlift included 226 Airspeed Horsa gliders, each piloted by two men from the Glider Pilot Regiment. With a wingspan of  and a length of , the Horsa had a maximum load capacity of  as well as space for two pilots, a maximum of twenty-eight troops or two jeeps, one jeep and an artillery gun or one jeep with a trailer.

The division's heavier equipment was carried in thirty General Aircraft Hamilcar gliders. Twenty of these would carry Tetrarch light tanks and their crews belonging to 6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment, four more carried three Rota trailers carrying fuel supplies without crews, another three transported, Universal Carriers with their crews. The last three carried two Universal Carriers converted to accommodate a 3-inch mortar, one Universal Carrier equipped with a slave battery, sixteen motorcycles and a jeep.

German forces

The coastal area was guarded by the 716th Infantry Division. comprising eight infantry battalions deployed to defend  of the Atlantic wall. Poorly equipped with a mixture of foreign weapons, the unit was manned by conscripts from Poland, Russia and France under a German officer and senior Non commissioned officers.

A second division, the 21st Panzer Division, moved into the area in May 1944 with its battalions positioned at Vimont just east of Caen, and at Cairon to the west of the Caen canal bridge.  The 21st Panzer Division was a new formation based on the former Africa Korps unit destroyed in North Africa. Although equipped with an assortment of older tanks and other armoured vehicles, the division's officers were veterans and 2,000 men from the old division filled its ranks. Further afield were the 12th SS Panzer Division at Lisieux and the Panzer Lehr Division at Chartres, both less than a day's march from the area.

Mallard

In response to the initial airborne and naval landings, just after noon on 6 June, 21st Panzer Division received permission to attack. The commanders were informed by General Erich Marcks of LXXXVII Army Corps that:"if you don't succeed in throwing the British back into the sea, we shall have lost the war." East of the River Orne, the 125th Panzergrenadier Regiment headed towards the captured bridges. The column was quickly spotted and engaged for the next two hours by Allied artillery and aircraft causing heavy losses. At 16:00, to the west of the Caen canal, 1st Battalion, 192nd Panzergrenadier Regiment and the 100th Panzer Regiment successfully reached the coast between the British Sword and the Canadian Juno. Here they linked up with the 736th Infantry Regiment, which had been defending Lion sur Mer. The German units gathered their strength on the beaches and waited for further orders from divisional commander Generalmajor Edgar Feuchtinger.

Back in England, 256 Operation Mallard gliders carrying the remaining men and equipment of the 6th Airborne Division took off. Fifteen squadrons of fighter aircraft were deployed by the RAF to escort the gliders and towing aircraft. The force crossed the English channel unhindered, and arrived in Normandy at 21:00. As it was still daylight, previous navigation problems that had affected the earlier operations were absent. As the gliders approached the two landing areas they met with anti-aircraft fire from German defenders on the ground.

The gliders headed for two landing areas, Landing Zone 'W' (LZW) to the east of Saint-Aubin-d'Arquenay and Landing Zone 'N' (LZN) to the north of Ranville. The remaining troops of the 2nd OBLI and 'A' Company, 12th Battalion, Devonshire Regiment landed at LZW. Given the limited availability of aircraft, even two lifts did not provide capacity to transport all of the Devonshire battalion, the rest of whom arrived by sea on 7 June. The 6th Airlanding Brigade headquarters, 1st Battalion, Royal Ulster Rifles and the 6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment landed at LZN, the latter equipped with the Tetrarch light tank – the first time that any tank had been flown into battle by air. Watching the arriving gliders, Major-General Richard Nelson Gale later wrote:"It is impossible to say with what relief we watched this reinforcement arrive."

German reaction to the second airborne landings involved mortar barrages and small arms fire, but casualties were negligible. Generalmajor Feuchtinger of 21st Panzer Division watched the gliders descending and, believing the arriving force would threaten his lines of communication, ordered those elements of the division that had reached the beaches to withdraw to the north of Caen. The gliders' arrival had inadvertently stopped the only German armoured attack on D-Day.

Moving off LZN the 1st Battalion, Royal Ulster Rifles headed south to capture the villages of Longueval and Sainte-Honorine-de-Chardronnette. The 211th Battery, 53rd (Worcester Yeomanry) Airlanding Light Regiment, Royal Artillery then arrived at LZN equipped with eight 75 mm Pack Howitzers and were engaging German targets less than thirty minutes after landing. The 2nd Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, who were the furthest away at LZW, crossed the Caen canal and River Orne bridges. These had been captured twenty-one hours earlier by their own 'D' Company who were now headed towards Herouvillette and Escoville. By midnight, the 6th Airborne Division was the only Allied formation to have seized all of its D-Day objectives.

Aftermath

Reinforcement by the 6th Airlanding Brigade strengthened the 6th Airborne Division's weak position. Most of the parachute battalions, because of their scattered parachute drops, were well under strength.

By 11:00 on 7 June, 2nd Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry had occupied Escoville  to the south of Ranville. The 1st Battalion, Royal Ulster Rifles, occupied Longueval  south-west of the Bas de Ranville unopposed. Ordered to advance another  to Sainte-Honorine, the battalion was caught in the open by German artillery and by mistake the guns of . While unable to proceed, the battalion remained in control of Longueval. The 12th Battalion, Devonshire Regiment arrived in the evening of 7 June and took over defence of the Bas de Ranville.

D-Day had cost the 6th Airborne Division 821 dead, 2,709 wounded and 927 missing. The division remained holding the Orne bridgehead, only taking part in patrols and small scale local attacks until the 17 August when it crossed the River Dives. By 27 August, the division had reached Berville sur Mer, where it halted and remained until the beginning of September when it was withdrawn back to England.

Notes

References

External links

Operation Overlord
Mallard
Aerial operations and battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
British airborne landings in Normandy
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
1944 in France
Conflicts in 1944
Glider Pilot Regiment operations
June 1944 events


Rock Lake Pool was an outdoor swimming pool located in South Charleston, West Virginia operating from 1942 to 1985.
Being  long, it was billed as "the largest and most beautiful pool in the East." The pool was built in an old rock quarry in the 1930s
and opened by Joe, David, and Sam Wilan in 1942.
The pool was enclosed by tall natural rock walls that provided high dives. The pool was very popular in both West Virginia and neighboring states
and on one occasion, even drew a crowd of around 4,000 swimmers in one day. After a long decline, the historic pool eventually closed in 1985 due to increased insurance cost
and competition from other pools. The site is now owned by Rock Lake Presbyterian Church.

The pool was surrounded by rock walls which were used as natural high dives.
It also included things such as a 50-foot slide, water trampoline, spraying fountain, trapeze and miniature churning sternwheel.

The Wilan brothers, who owned the pool, forbade blacks from swimming there.
During the 1960s, West Virginian civil rights leader Bernard Hawkins led protests against the segregated Rock Lake Pool.

Soon after its initial closing, Rock Lake Pool re-opened as Rock Lake Golf and Games. The old pool house had been transformed into a restaurant and indoor arcade. The front entrance and parking lot had been changed into a go-cart track. In the rock quarry where the old pool was located, it was partially filled in to build a mini golf course. In the remaining swimming pool area, a sectioned off area allowed for bumper boats. Rock Lake Golf and Games eventually closed in 2006.

The area was purchased by the Rock Lake Presbyterian Church in 2006 for $440,000. In 2008, The remainder of the pool was filled in to create a playground. The final demise of the pool brought a variety of emotions from residents who remembered it either with memories of fun days playing there or as a place they were denied access to.

References

External links
 Rock Lake history

Buildings and structures in Kanawha County, West Virginia
Swimming venues in West Virginia
South Charleston, West Virginia


KCKX (1460 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Stayton, Oregon, United States.  The station, which began broadcasting in 1987, is currently owned by Iglesia Pentecostal Vispera del Fin.

Programming
KCKX went back on air broadcasting country music on or around October 18, 2010. KCKX played various types of country music such as bluegrass and classic country music. As of June 2014, the station now plays regional Mexican music.

History
This station received its original construction permit for a new 1,000 watt daytime-only AM signal from the Federal Communications Commission on October 11, 1984.  The new station was assigned the call letters KCKX by the FCC in 1984.  In January 1986, permit holder Elizabeth I. Wamsley applied to transfer the construction permit to Azelco, Inc.  The transfer was approved by the FCC on May 27, 1986, and the transaction was consummated on July 14, 1986.

After the transfer and multiple extensions, KCKX received its license to cover from the FCC on August 11, 1987.

In March 1988, Azelco, Inc., reached an agreement to sell this station to Communications Arts, Inc.  The deal was approved by the FCC on June 22, 1988, and the transaction was consummated on July 1, 1988.

In December 1990, Communications Arts, Inc., agreed to sell KCKX to The Concord Group, Inc.  The deal was approved by the FCC on February 8, 1991, and the transaction was consummated on September 17, 1991.  This change would prove short-lived as The Concord Group, Inc., announced an agreement in June 1992 to sell this station to Spotlight Communications, Inc.  The deal was approved by the FCC on July 28, 1992, and the transaction was consummated on September 9, 1992.

In September 1997, Spotlight Communications, Inc., reached an agreement to sell this station to Donald D. Coss.  The deal was approved by the FCC on January 21, 1998, and the transaction was consummated on February 23, 1998.

In early 2009, KCKX was broadcasting a Spanish-language religious radio format.  Branded as "Ondas de Gozo" (literally, "Waves of Joy"), KCKX was the first Spanish Christian radio station in the state of Oregon.

Effective June 2, 2014, KCKX was sold to Edward C. Distell along with KWBY for $150,000.

On June 24, 2014, KCKX changed their format from ESPN Deportes Spanish sports to a simulcast of regional Mexican-formatted KWBY 940 AM Woodburn.

Effective June 22, 2021, Edward Distell sold KCKX and KZGD to Iglesia Pentecostal Vispera del Fin for $70,000.

References

External links

CKX
Radio stations established in 1987
Marion County, Oregon
1987 establishments in Oregon
Stayton, Oregon