Abū ʿAbd Allāh Shuraḥbīl ibn Ḥasana () was one of the earliest Muslim converts, sahaba (companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad) and a key commander in the Rashidun army during the Muslim conquest of the Levant.

Early life
Shurahbil's father was a certain Abd Allah ibn Mu'ta ibn Amr, a member of the Arab tribe of Kinda. Shurahbil was named after his mother Hasana. Through his mother's later marriages, he was connected to the Qurayshi clans of Zuhra and Jumah of Mecca. Shurahbil was an early convert to Islam and is counted among the sahaba (companions) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was part of the second Muslim migration to Abyssinia from Mecca to escape the persecution of the pagan Quraysh.

Military career

Battles in Muhammad's lifetime and the Ridda wars
Shurahbil later took part in the raids against the pagan Arabs during the lifetime of Muhammad. After Muhammad died in 632, many of the Arab tribes that had embraced Islam left the faith and defected from the embryonic Muslim state. The Ridda wars were subsequently launched throughout Arabia by Caliph Abu Bakr () to subdue those tribes. During those wars, Shurahbil fought on the Muslim side as a deputy commander of Khalid ibn al-Walid in the campaign in Aqraba or al-Yamama in the central Najd.

Conquest of the Levant

After the Muslim victory in the Ridda wars, Shurahbil was appointed a commander of one of the four Muslim armies dispatched to conquer the Levant from the Byzantine Empire and its Arab Christian allies. Shurahbil's army was 7,000-strong and its zone of operations corresponded to the territory of Palaestina Secunda. There are scant details about Shurahbil's campaigns. His initial assignment was to the region that corresponds with modern-day southern Jordan possibly to keep in check the Quda'a tribes which had embraced, broken and reconciled with the nascent Muslim state based in Medina in the previous years. According to the 8th-century histories of Ibn Ishaq and al-Waqidi, Shurahbil was present during the siege of Bosra, led by Khalid ibn al-Walid in May 634. It was the first major Syrian city to be conquered by the Muslims.

Later, in July, Shurahbil served as a deputy of Amr ibn al-As in the decisive victory against the Byzantines at the Battle of Ajnadayn, which also saw significant Muslim losses, between Ramla and Bayt Jibrin. The Muslims apparently pursued the Byzantines northward and defeated them at the Battle of Fahl in December 634/January 635 where Shurahbil was also a deputy commander. According to 8th-century historian Sayf ibn Umar, Abu Ubayda left Shurahbil and Amr in charge of Fahl (Pella) and they proceeded to besiege Baysan which ultimately surrendered after minor clashes over the course of several days. Shurahbil likely played a commanding role in the Muslim capture of Gerasa (Jerash) and the Golan region between late 634 and early 635 as well.

After the Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius was routed at the Battle of Yarmouk, Shurahbil was put in charge of the conquest of northern Palestine. He achieved this with the exception of Caesarea, which was later captured by other Muslim generals after a siege of several years.

Death
Shurahbil died in 639 in the Plague of Amwas in central Palestine along with another of the four main Muslim commanders, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan. According to the 9th-century historian al-Baladhuri, he was aged 69, while the 13th-century historian Ibn al-Athir wrote that he died at age 67.

See also

References

Bibliography

639 deaths
Companions of the Prophet
6th-century Arab people
People of the Muslim conquest of the Levant
Generals of the Rashidun Caliphate
571 births
Kinda
7th-century deaths from plague (disease)
Rashidun governors of Jordan


Duncan Kibet (born 25 April 1978) is a runner from Kenya. He became the second fastest marathoner ever with a time of 2:04:27 hours, when he won the 2009 Rotterdam Marathon.

Career
Kibet dropped out of school in 1997 due to financial problems. He did not run competitively until after encouraged by his elder brother Luke Metto, who had some success as a runner at the turn of the century. He also followed Luke by moving to France, participating in local races. He won the Lille Half Marathon in 2004. Kibet started marathoning without major success. He finished 8th at the 2002 Monaco Marathon and 2nd at the 2004 Caen Marathon. He had also been in a car accident at age of 16, almost losing his ability to walk. During his early career he was afraid to run and train seriously, fearing he would break his leg again.

His younger brother Shadrack Biwott got a scholarship in the USA and arranged for Kibet to run some races there. Kibet won the inaugural Rock 'n' Roll Half Marathon in San Jose in 2006 by running 1:00:22. It was then the 2nd fastest half marathon time in the United States, after Haile Gebrselassie, who had run faster earlier that year. Kibet also won the 2007 Beach to Beacon 10k in a time of 27:51, besting a fast field over a tough, hilly course.

Kibet was a pacemaker for Gebrselassie at the 2008 Dubai Marathon where Gebrselassie failed to break the world marathon record already held by himself, but set the 2nd fastest marathon time (2:04:53 hours) at the time.

Kibet made his full marathon debut at the 2008 Vienna Marathon, finishing 2nd behind compatriot Abel Kirui and setting 2:08:33 hours. Later the same year he won the Milan Marathon, breaking the course record by running 2:07:53 hours.

Kibet won the Rotterdam Marathon on 5 April 2009, posting the 3rd fastest marathon time ever, 2:04:27 hours and was closely followed by James Kwambai who set the same time. Abel Kirui, who had beaten Kibet in 2008 in Vienna was now third also with a fast time (2:05:04 hours). The only one to have run faster marathons at the time was Haile Gebrselassie, who set world records at the 2007 and 2008 Berlin Marathons (2:04:26 and 2.03:59 hours, respectively), although in 2011, Geoffrey Mutai and Moses Mosop ran 2:03:02 and 2:03:06, respectively, on a point-to-point course not eligible for world record status, while Patrick Makau ran 2:03:38 for a new world record, and Wilson Kipsang ran 2:03:42 for the new 2nd best mark. The time was also a Kenyan record, beating Paul Tergat's world record time 2:04:55 set at the 2003 Berlin Marathon.

He is known for his bearded appearance as well as for wearing jewellery when running. He is nicknamed "Jamaican" and "Rasta" by fellow runners.

Kibet is married. His siblings, including Luke Metto, are also runners. His younger brother Shadrack Kiptoo-Biwott is an All-American runner at the University of Oregon. Duncan and Luke have a combined personal best marathon time of 4:15:24, a "world record" for siblings. The time is five seconds better than the combined time of Eric and Boaz Kimaiyo.

He is managed by the Rosa Associati led by Federico Rosa.

Achievements
All results regarding marathon and half marathon

References

External links

Marathoninfo profile

1978 births
Living people
Kenyan male long-distance runners
Kenyan male marathon runners
20th-century Kenyan people
21st-century Kenyan people


Michael Robert Neill (born April 27, 1970) is an American former Major League Baseball and Olympic baseball player.

Career
His baseball career included a stint with the Oakland Athletics and ended with the Olympic Gold Medal team in the 2000 games in Sydney, Australia.  He was named Delaware Athlete of the Year in 2000.  At Villanova University he compiled a .417 career batting average, led the Wildcats to the 1989 and 1991 Big East Conference crowns and was named 1991 Big East Player of the Year. He established team records: 232 hits, 53 doubles and 379 total bases and several single season records.

Neill won two Minor League batting championships and had a .307 batting average over 11 years.  He was selected to 4 All-Star teams and was a key player in the Vancouver Canadians' 1999 AAA World Series victory.

He was called up by the Oakland Athletics in  but was sidelined with an injury. Neill led the 2000 USA Olympics team to a 4–0 win over Cuba in the gold medal game with a 1st-inning home run and a dramatic sliding catch in the 9th inning.  His walk off homer against Japan won the team's 1st round Olympic contest.  During the 1999 Pan American Games he had the game-winning hit to clinch the Olympic berth for his USA team.

See also
 1991 College Baseball All-America Team

References

 Baseball Almanac

1970 births
Living people
All-American college baseball players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball players at the 1999 Pan American Games
Baseball players from Virginia
Edmonton Trappers players
Huntsville Stars players
Modesto A's players
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Oakland Athletics players
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in baseball
Pan American Games medalists in baseball
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Pawtucket Red Sox players
People from Martinsville, Virginia
Reno Silver Sox players
Southern Oregon A's players
Tacoma Rainiers players
Tacoma Tigers players
Vancouver Canadians players
Villanova Wildcats baseball players
Baseball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1999 Pan American Games


Paul Hector Pandian (27 February 1945 – 4 January 2020) was an Indian politician of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu from Tirunelveli district. He served as the Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from 1985 to 1989. He served as Deputy Speaker and Speaker of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from 21 June 1980 to 5 February 1989. He was one of the only two candidates elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislature from the V. N. Janaki Ramachandran Faction of AIADMK in 1989, when he won the Cheranmahadevi seat. He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Tirunelveli Parliamentary constituency in 1999. He was the organising secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam which was led by former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalithaa.

His son, Paul Manoj Pandian, was also elected an MLA for AIADMK in 2001 from Cheranmahadevi, the same constituency represented by P. H. Pandian in 1989.

Pandian was one of the two senior AIADMK leaders who had not supported the ascension of Sasikala within the party after the death of Jayalalithaa in December 2016. Pandian further spoke out against Sasikala's chief ministerial candidacy in February 2017, asserting that she was unfit for the position. He also raised suspicions over Jayalalithaa's death claiming that she had died under unnatural circumstances.

Electoral performance

References

All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians
2020 deaths
Speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu
India MPs 1989–1991
People from Tirunelveli
Deputy Speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
1945 births
India MPs 1999–2004
Tamil Nadu MLAs 1985–1989


The 2009 Interwetten Austrian Open Kitzbühel is a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It is the 29th edition of the tournament and was part of the World Tour 250 series of the 2009 ATP World Tour. It was held at the Tennis Stadium Kitzbühel in Kitzbühel Austria from 16 May until 23 May 2009. Unseeded Guillermo García López won the singles title.

Entrants

Seeds

 Seedings are based on the rankings of May 11, 2009.

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the main draw:

  Andreas Beck
  Daniel Köllerer
  Stefan Koubek

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
  Mario Ančić
  Nicolás Lapentti
  Robin Vik
  Juan Ignacio Chela
  Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo (lucky loser replacing Robert Kendrick)
  Paul Capdeville (lucky loser replacing Nikolay Davydenko)
  Julien Benneteau (lucky loser replacing Nicolas Devilder)

Finals

Singles

 Guillermo García López defeated  Julien Benneteau, 3–6, 7–6(7–1), 6–3
It was García López's first career title.

Doubles

 Marcelo Melo /  André Sá defeated  Andrei Pavel /  Horia Tecău, 6–7(9–11), 6–2, [10–7]

References

External links
Official website
Singles draw
Doubles draw

2009 ATP World Tour
2009 in Austrian tennis


The Judo competition in the 1994 Goodwill Games were held in Saint Petersburg, Russia 26 July 1994.

Medal overview

Men's events

Women's events

Medals table

External links
Result of the Judo at the 1994 Goodwill Games (Goodwill Games)

1994 Goodwill Games
1994
Goodwill Games
Judo competitions in Russia


Multi-antimicrobial extrusion protein (MATE) also known as multidrug and toxin extrusion or multidrug and toxic compound extrusion  is a family of proteins which function as drug/sodium or proton antiporters.

Function

The MATE proteins in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes function as fundamental transporters of metabolic and xenobiotic organic cations.

Structure

These proteins are predicted to have 12 alpha-helical transmembrane regions, some of the animal proteins may have an additional C-terminal helix. The X-ray structure of the NorM was determined to 3.65 Å, revealing an outward-facing conformation with two portals open to the outer leaflet of the membrane and a unique topology of the predicted 12 transmembrane helices distinct from any other known multidrug resistance transporter.

Discovery

The multidrug efflux transporter NorM from V. parahaemolyticus which mediates resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents (norfloxacin, kanamycin, ethidium bromide etc.) and its homologue from E. coli were identified in 1998. NorM seems to function as drug/sodium antiporter which is the first example of Na+-coupled multidrug efflux transporter discovered. NorM is a prototype of a new transporter family and Brown et al. named it the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family. NorM is nicknamed "Last of the multidrug transporters" because it is the last multidrug transporter discovered functionally as well as structurally.

Genes

The following human genes encode MATE proteins:
 SLC47A1
 SLC47A2

See also
 Solute carrier family
 Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division Superfamily (RND)

References

Protein families
Solute carrier family


V. P. Balasubramanian is an Indian senior politician of the Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu from 1980 to 1988 representing Vedasandur Assembly constituency, and Deputy speaker of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from 1985 to 1988.

References

All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians
Deputy Speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
Vokkaliga politicians
1946 births
Possibly living people
Tamil Nadu MLAs 1985–1989


Ignorance Never Dies is the second full-length studio album from UK hardcore punk band Your Demise.

The album was released on 20 April 2009, in UK & Europe via Visible Noise Records, followed by a promotional tour of Europe with Deez Nuts and More Than Life.

Track listing

Personnel

Your Demise
 George Noble – vocals
 Stuart Paice – guitar
 Daniel Osborne – guitar
 James Sampson – bass
 James Tailby – drums

Additional personnel
 Marc Aspinal – art conception, design, layout
 Tom Barnes – photography
 Ben Humphreys – engineering

References

2009 albums
Your Demise albums


Special Agent Oso ( ) is an American computer-animated children's television series created by Ford Riley for Playhouse Disney. The series debuted on April 4, 2009. It deals with Oso, a panda bear, who is a special agent working for the United Network for Investigating Quite Usual Events, an agency dedicated to helping children with such everyday tasks as mailing a letter, riding a bike, or making a sandwich. The series ended on May 17, 2012. A total of 60 episodes over two seasons have aired.

The series received generally positive reviews from critics. It was nominated for Outstanding Original Song at the 2010 Daytime Emmy Awards. Both Special Agent Oso and the spin-off, which aired during interstitials, Special Agent Oso: Three Healthy Steps (a show on healthy habits) are available to stream on Disney+.

Premise
Each episode begins with Special Agent Oso beginning a training exercise given by one of his three instructors, Wolfie, Dottie, or Bufo, which he usually fails on his first try, causing him to say "It's all part of the plan more or less." Invariably, during the exercise, at least one child is confronted with a simple task which they have trouble completing, an event which a Shutterbug drone notices, which in some way relates to Oso's assignment (primarily due to the lesson that both he and the child learn). Paw Pilot, Oso's computerized assistant, alerts him about a special assignment by alerting Oso by repeating "Special Alert" twice.  Oso is always assigned to the case, and Paw Pilot, along with the voice over Mr. Dos, illustrates his client's plight and assigns him a mission to help the child complete the task. To do so, Paw Pilot provides Oso with "three special steps," a simplified step-by-step guide to completing the task, while Mr. Dos gives Oso a briefing as to the child's exact problem. Oso is transported to the child's location and attempts to follow the steps as the steps, in and of themselves, are usually too vague to complete the task properly. Paw Pilot also gives further elaborations, including at least one helpful trick, which reveals the mistake Oso has made during the training exercise. On the third and final step, Paw Pilot senses the time limit on the task between 3 and 19 seconds and begins counting down when the time limit is near. Oso and the child usually complete the task, just as the time runs out. The completion of all three steps often involves gadgets, such as a pen that can become a grappling device and a jetpack.

Returning from the assignment, the helpful trick given during the assignment always turns out to be the same trick Oso needed to complete the interrupted training exercise, which he likewise completes and passes, getting a "digi-medal," a digital award, for both the training exercise and the special assignment.

Episodes

The show has 60 episodes; 24 in the first season and 36 in the second. The episode names are usually references to the names of the James Bond films from Eon Productions, such as The World Is Not Enough and The Man with the Golden Gun but not a parody of them. Across its run, Special Agent Oso had at least one episode title that referenced each of the then-22 Bond films (Skyfall was still in development at the time the show concluded). Some episode titles also reference the Carly Simon song Nobody Does It Better, theme song to The Spy Who Loved Me. One episode references the non-Eon film Never Say Never Again. One episode also spoofs Another Way to Die, which is the theme song to Quantum of Solace.

Format
Each episode is composed of four components:
 The Three Special Steps are the steps that Paw Pilot gives Oso to follow when he is on his special assignments. Oso has a matter of time to finish the three special steps. The third step is usually timed between 3 and 19 seconds.
 The training exercises are Oso's training task assigned by Wolfie, Dotty or Buffo. Oso usually fails on his first try, but in the course of doing the special assignments, he refers to the mistake he made in his training exercise, thanks to the person he is helping. He then returns to his training exercise and does it right on his second try, then earns a "Digi-Medal."
 The special assignments are missions that Oso is requested to complete by the mysterious Mr. Dos, in order to help a child in need. Sometimes, Oso asks the audience to help him on his special assignments if it gets tricky and he needs some help. Oso tries to complete the Three Special Steps that Paw Pilot gives him. Then he earns a "Digi-Medal."
 Audience participation or interaction with Oso. Sometimes, Oso will ask the audience to help him find something hidden or missing on the screen. Other times, Oso will ask the audience to try something physically demanding that he is doing.

Characters

Main
 Oso (voiced by Sean Astin) is the colorful special agent stuffed panda who predominantly works on helping children perform various tasks. His name, Oso, is Spanish for bear.
 Paw Pilot (voiced by Meghan Strange) is Oso's computerized assistant who guides him through the three special steps he needs to accomplish his current mission. Her name is a reference to the Palm Pilot series of handheld computers.
 Mr. Dos (voiced by Gary Anthony Williams) is Oso's smartwatch boss that assigns his missions.
 Wolfie (voiced by Phill Lewis) a special agent that regularly oversees Oso's training.
 Dottie (voiced by Amber Hood) is the other special agent animal that regularly oversees Oso's training.
 Professor Buffo (voiced by Brad Garrett and later Jess Harnell) is a slightly clumsy and excitable Italian-speaking bison who is the inventor of Oso's gadgets.
 Whirly Bird (voiced by Cam Clarke) is Oso's bird-shaped autogyro who takes Oso to wherever someone needs help. He doesn't hear very well and often misunderstands what Oso tells him, which usually leads to Oso's ejection at inopportune moments and places.
 Shutterbug is a mute ladybug-shaped robotic camera who keeps an eye out for children who need help.

Guest voices
Madison Davenport as Stacy/Fiona
Grace Rolek as Molly/Sophie
Khamani Griffin as Danny/Aaron/Paulie
Maria Celeste as Samantha
Kara R. Stribling as Abby/Jessica
Isabella Murad as Sally/Cassie/Michelle/Anna/Audrey
Colin Ford as Joe/David
Sekai Murashige as Jack/Jennethan
Ciara Bravo as Sarah
Billy Unger as Michael/Quinn
Kurt Doss as Dawson/Austin/Logan
Kimberly Brooks as Grace
Kristen Combs as Caroline/Aaliyah/Avery
Quinton Lopez as Jim
Juliette Alba as Olivia
Jack Samson as Ben/Nathan
Harrison Fahn as Jake/Oliver/Anthony
Isabella Acres as Jade/Mia #1
Madison Pettis as Katie/Tara
John Devito as Sam/Theo
Fiona Riley as Addison/Maya
Church Lieu as Frank
Jillian Henry as Brianna
Stefanie Scott as Emma
Hynden Walch as Hailey
Nina Barry as Nicole
Jacob Bertrand as Spencer
Tiffany Espensen as Joon Kim/Carina
Élan Garfias as Cody/Grayson/Jose/Eric
Luke Manriquez as Carlos
Kwesi Boakye as Andrew
Diane HSU as Min/Meehwa
Firoozeh Adli as Makayla/Marie/Faith
Zachary Gordon as Tyler/Rasheed
Kailey Swanson as Ashley
Jelani Imani as William/Joshua/Dylan
Avion Baker as Natalie/Nadia/Charlotte
Abby Weiss as Lisa
Nancy Kim as Jennifer
Luke Davis as Gavin
Zachary Michael as John
Brianna McCracken as Alexis
Cameron Escalante as Chloe
Sabre Jacobs as Kaylee
Parish Allen as Lizzie
Vanessa Millsaps as Lily
Coleen Crabtree as Leila
Raymond Ochoa as Noah
Ryan Christopher Lee as Noh Yoon/Nicholas/Liam/Charlie
Rico Rodriguez as Lin/Xavier/Marco/Brandon
Jacob Medrano as Alberto
Sayeed Shahidi as Evan
Liberty Smith as Madison/Lena
Alec Gray as Dimitri
Caitlin Carmichael as Athena
Jet Jurgensmeyer as Rudy/Gabriel/Aiden
 Maxim Knight as David #2
Wilmer Valderrama as Handy Manny
Nika Futterman as Stretch & Squeeze
Carlos Alazraqui as Felipe
Dee Bradley Baker as Turner
Tom Kenny as Pat
Fred Stoller as Rusty
Kath Soucie as Dusty
Grey DeLisle as Flicker
Nancy Truman as Kelly
Erica Luttrell as Dylan and Sophie’s moms
Jennifer as Ashley #1
William Cwammendi as Wontwo

Additional voices
 Lou Holtz as Uncle Lou (character was modeled to look like himself)
 Rob Paulsen as Cassie's Dad/Dawson's Dad/Emma's Dad
 Gwendoline Yeo as Jack's Mom
  Maria Canals as Cody's Mom
 James Sie as Joon Kim's Dad
 Colleen O'Shaughnessey as Jade's Mom/Jake's Mom/Nadia's Mom
 Sarah Chalke as David's Mom
Jeannie Elias as Michael's Mom/Quinn's Mom
 James Arnold Taylor as Mr. Thompson
 Lucas Grabeel as Uncle Eric
 Mel Brooks as Grandpa Mel
 Malcolm-Jamal Warner as Brayden's Dad
 Kimberly Brooks as Andrew's Mom/Caroline's Mom

Broadcast
The first season of Special Agent Oso premiered in the United States and United Kingdom on April 4, 2009, and aired through April 17, 2010. The second and final season premiered on July 10, 2010 and the series finale aired May 17, 2012. In season 2, new characters, Professor Buffo and Special Agent Musa, were introduced. The show has a crossover with Handy Manny called "The Manny with the Golden Bear."

Reception

Critical response
Hannah Johnson of Screen Rant found the character of Dotty to be a positive role model, writing, "It is evident that she has worked hard to get where she is, being the only female supervisor in an androcentric career, where all her colleagues are men. The orange cat has a fun and giggly personality, her favorite color is pink, and she likes visiting space as part of her missions. Dotty is a complex character succeeding in a man's world." Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media gave Special Agent Oso a grade of four out of five stars, praised the depiction of positive messages and role models, citing resourcefulness and perseverance, and complimented the presence of educational value in the show, saying, "Age-appropriate skills like shape recognition, chronology, and spatial relationships are emphasized within the context of the plot, so kids learn while they enjoy the stories. The show's best quality is its positive message about the joy to be found in helping others."

Ratings
During April, Playhouse Disney UK saw its best weekly share among kids at 2.3%, a month that also had its best series launch with the preschool-targeted Special Agent Oso, which premiered on April 4 at 9:50 a.m. and attracted 377,000 viewers, including 181,000 kids aged four to 15.

Accolades

Spin-off

Special Agent Oso: Three Healthy Steps
Special Agent Oso: Three Healthy Steps is a short series that aired in the United States during the Disney Junior programming block. The spin-off premiered on February 14, 2011. It encourages children to use "three healthy steps" regarding eating, being healthy, and exercising. This series combined both animated characters and real life actors. The animated characters that are featured in the short series are Special Agent Oso, Paw Pilot, Special Agent Wolfie, Special Agent Dotty, and Professor Buffo.

References

External links

 Disney Channel press release for Special Agent Oso

 Special Agent Oso on TV.com
 Special Agent Oso on LOVEFILM

Disney Junior original programming
2009 American television series debuts
2012 American television series endings
2000s American animated television series
2010s American animated television series
Television series by Disney Television Animation
American preschool education television series
American computer-animated television series
American children's animated action television series
American children's animated adventure television series
American children's animated comedy television series
American children's animated fantasy television series
Animated preschool education television series
2000s preschool education television series
2010s preschool education television series
Animated television series about bears
Television series about wolves
Animated television series about foxes
English-language television shows


V. P. Duraisamy is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party and a former member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly.

Political career
He served as the Deputy Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from 1989 to 1991 and 2006 to 2011. He was a member of Rajya Sabha from 1995 to 2001 and also chairman of many legislature committees. He was expelled from the post of Deputy general secretary of DMK on 21 May 2020 following which he joined BJP.

Personal life
Duraisamy is born to a Dalit family to Perumal.

References

Living people
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Tamil Nadu
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Missing middle or first names
Deputy Speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians
Tamil Nadu MLAs 2006–2011


A. Arunachalam is an Indian politician of the Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and a former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He served as the Deputy Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from 2001 to 2006.

He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from the Varahur constituency in the 1984 and 2001 elections.

References

Living people
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Deputy Speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
Tamil Nadu MLAs 1985–1989
Tamil Nadu MLAs 2001–2006


The 1994 Australian Indoor Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Sydney Entertainment Centre in Sydney, Australia and was part of the Championship Series of the 1994 ATP Tour. It was the 22nd and last edition of the tournament and was held from 3 through 10 October 1994. Seventh-seeded Richard Krajicek won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Richard Krajicek defeated  Boris Becker 7–6(7–5), 7–6(9–7), 2–6, 6–3
 It was Krajicek's 3rd singles title of the year and the 7th of his career.

Doubles

 Jacco Eltingh /  Paul Haarhuis defeated  Byron Black /  Jonathan Stark 6–4, 7–6
 It was Eltingh's 8th title of the year and the 22nd of his career. It was Haarhuis' 6th title of the year and the 19th of his career.

References

External links
 ITF tournament edition details

Australian Indoor Championships
Australian Indoor Tennis Championships
Ind
October 1994 sports events in Australia
Sports competitions in Sydney
Tennis in New South Wales


The Austria national speedway team are one of the teams that compete in international team motorcycle speedway.

History
The Austrian speedway team competed in the inaugural Speedway World Team Cup in 1960, finishing third in the central European round.

With the exception of a three year spell from 1967 to 1969, Austria were ever present in the World Team Cup from 1960 to 2000. However, they were one of the weaker nations and struggled to qualify for the latter stages of the competition.

The team faired better in the World Pairs Championship, reaching finals in 1971 and 1975.

Since 2001, Austria have struggled further and have in the majority of cases failed to qualify for the World Cup or the Speedway of Nations (introduced in 2018). Their last significant appearance was in the final of the European Pairs Speedway Championship in 2016.

Major world finals

World Pairs Championships

International caps (as of 2022)
Since the advent of the Speedway Grand Prix era, international caps earned by riders is largely restricted to international competitions, whereas previously test matches between two teams were a regular occurrence. This means that the number of caps earned by a rider has decreased in the modern era.

References

See also
 Speedway Grand Prix of Austria
 Austrian Individual Speedway Championship

National speedway teams
Speedway
National


Clubic is a French web site, which was owned by M6 Web until March 2018, and is now independent.

Created in 2000, this webzine about computing and multimedia offers news, reviews and downloads of software applications, as well as community services. The web site integrates articles written by other web sites edited by Cyréalis such as JeuxVideo.fr, Mobinautes or NetEco. Cyréalis was bought by M6 in 2008. The editorial policy of Clubic is voluntarily geared towards the general public in order to reach a wide audience.

According to Alexa, as of 5 April 2009, Clubic is the 1,433 most visited website in the world, and the 79th in France. It has 4.3 million unique visitors each month, with 88 millions of pageviews per month.

References

External links
 Official website

2000 establishments in France
News magazines published in France
French-language magazines
French news websites
Magazines established in 2000
Online computer magazines
Magazines about the media


In mathematics and computer science, symbolic-numeric computation is the use of software that combines symbolic and numeric methods to solve problems.

Background

Computational Algebraic Geometry

References

External links

Professional organizations
 ACM SIGSAM: Special Interest Group in Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation

Computer algebra
Numerical analysis
Computational science


Lloyd Weldon "Butch" Keaser (born February 9, 1950) is an American former wrestler who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics, for the United States.

Keaser was born in Pumphrey, Maryland. He wrestled for the United States Naval Academy and was a two-time NCAA All American. He was an alternate on the 1972 Olympic team to Dan Gable. In 1973, he won a gold medal at the world championships in freestyle wrestling and became the first African-American to achieve this honor. In 1976, he won the silver medal at the Montreal Olympics. Keaser is now the wrestling  coach at Wilde Lake High School in Columbia, Maryland.

In 1996, Keaser was inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame as a Distinguished Member.

Bibliography
 Moffat, James V. 2007. Wrestlers At The Trials. Exit Zero Publishing.
 Hammond, Jairus K. & Little, Lisa. 2008. The African American Wrestling Experience. National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
 Moore, Roger. 2009. Glory Beyond the Sport: Wrestling and the Military. National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum

References

External links

1950 births
Living people
Wrestlers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
American male sport wrestlers
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in wrestling
Sportspeople from Anne Arundel County, Maryland
Sportspeople from Columbia, Maryland
World Wrestling Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in wrestling
Wrestlers at the 1975 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1975 Pan American Games
20th-century American people
21st-century American people


Kotak (lit.: "Square") is a rock band from Jakarta, Indonesia, formed in 2004 through a talent competition "The Dream Band". The band currently consists of vocalist Tantri Syalindri Ichlasari, bassist Swasti "Chua" Sabdastantri, and guitarist Mario "Cella" Marcella. The band's name, "Kotak", represented four different characteristics of its first formation members that were bound by music.

History

Early years
Kotak was formed by vocalist Julia Angelia "Pare" Lepar, bassist Prinzes "Icez" Amanda, guitarist Mario "Cella" Marcella, and drummer Haposan "Posan" Haryanto Tobing on 27 September 2004 after they won TV7 (Indonesia)'s "The Dream Band" 2004 talent competition. At the audition they met Dody Isnaini, a bassist from Kahitna, who became their producer. That year the band started working on their first album, the eponymous Kotak, which was launched under Warner Music Indonesia in 2005.

Kotak album consists of 10 songs, including "Hilang", "Terbang", "Damai Hati", and "Kau Pilih Dia". Three years later, the band released a new album titled Kotak Kedua, that garnered critical acclaim in Indonesia and Malaysia. It consists of 12 songs, including hits such as "Beraksi", "Masih Cinta" and "Tinggalkan Saja". The third album Energi was released in 2010, the record Energi Repackage in 2011 and the group's fifth album Terbaik in 2012 followed by KFC Adu Bintang in 2013.

Formation changes
In 2007, vocalist Pare and bassist Icez left the band. Shortly thereafter, the lead vocalist's position was filled by a female singer Tantri Syalindri, and Swasti "Chua" Sabdastantri replaced Icez on bass. The band members changed once more after their drummer, Posan, left in 2011. The band released a second successful album titled Kotak Kedua in 2008. A piece of it was converted into a ringback tone which has been downloaded more than a million times as of 2013. ("Energi: Tendangan Dari Langit", "Energy: Kicks from the Sky").

In 2009, the band won "Best Rock Band/Group" and "Best Rock Album" at the 2009 Anugerah Musik Indonesia. They also won "Best Duo/Group Newcomer" at the 2009 Anugerah Planet Muzik, and "Most Favorite Breakthrough Artist" at the 2009 MTV Indonesia Awards. In the end of the year, Kotak released its new single, "Pelan-Pelan Saja," which was included in their third album, Energi, released in November 2010.

In 2011, Kotak teamed up with Simple Plan to record a new version of their song, "Jet Lag". The band has performed in many countries. The Jakarta Post stated: "One of Indonesia’s most loved rock bands, Kotak, has just released its Best album, containing nine of the most popular tracks from the band’s previous albums, three new songs and a bonus track." The song “Jet Lag”, produced with Canadian pop-punk band Simple Plan, is also available in this album. The album has sold 200,000 copies.

Tour to Singapore and the US, and "Jagalah Bumi"
The group was invited to perform in Singapore, at an event called Muzik FM, organised by Superstar & Legends and Raistar Entertainment. On June 9, 2013, Kotak held a concert in the US for the first time. They performed in three American cities: Washington, New York, and Los Angeles. Their departure to the US was a reward of their victory at the Indonesian music event Soundrenaline in 2012.

On May 7, 2015, the band released new single "Jagalah Bumi". It was used as the theme song of the third season of Malaysian animated series BoBoiBoy.

Band members

Current members
 Mario "Cella" Marcella — guitars
 Tantri Syalindri Ichlasari — vocals
 Swasti "Chua" Sabdastantri — bass guitar
 Asep "Silet" Sujarno — guitar

Former members
 Julia Angelia "Pare" Lepar — vocals
 Prinzes "Icez" Amanda — bass guitar
 Haposan "Posan" Haryanto Tobing — drums

Discography

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Collaborations

Awards and nominations

Notes

See also
 List of Indonesian rock bands

References

External links

 Kotak discography on iTunes

Indonesian rock music groups
Anugerah Musik Indonesia winners
Musical groups from Jakarta
Musical groups established in 2004
2004 establishments in Indonesia


"The Erlenmeyer Flask" is the 24th episode and the first season finale of the science fiction television series The X-Files. Written by executive producer Chris Carter and directed by R. W. Goodwin, the episode continues with the mythology story arc which started with "Pilot". The episode first aired in the United States on the Fox network on May 13, 1994. With 8.3 million households tuning in during its initial broadcast, the episode was the most-viewed episode of the show's first season. The episode received an Edgar Award nomination in the Best Episode in a TV Series category, and has, since broadcast, received positive responses from both critics and crew members.

The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In this episode, Mulder and Scully discover evidence of secret government experimentation with alien DNA, but the evidence and all of the people who have seen it are promptly identified, located and targeted for elimination by men who are later identified as clandestine operatives.

"The Erlenmeyer Flask" introduced several new plot elements which would continue in later seasons and featured the death of recurring character "Deep Throat" (Jerry Hardin). Carter described the inspiration for the episode as "the result of a year-long learning experience".

Plot
In Maryland, a high-speed police chase unfolds at a waterfront. The driver of the car, Dr. William Secare, is cornered by officers but fights them off with surprising ease. He is shot as he runs up a gangplank and leaps off a ship into the water. The police fail to locate him but discover that his blood is green.

Soon afterwards, Deep Throat (Jerry Hardin) approaches Fox Mulder with Secare's case, saying he is of major importance to revealing the truth. When investigating the case, Mulder and Dana Scully visit Dr. Terrance Berube (Ken Kramer), a scientist working in Gaithersburg whose car was being driven by Secare. That night, Deep Throat meets a second time with Mulder and insists he continue, despite Mulder's uncertainty on what he should be looking for. That night, Berube is confronted by the "Crew Cut Man" (Lindsey Ginter), who kills him and makes the death look like a suicide.

While investigating the crime scene, Mulder finds an Erlenmeyer flask labeled "Purity Control". Scully takes the flask to Georgetown University, where Dr. Anne Carpenter (Anne De Salvo) helps her analyze its contents. Meanwhile, Mulder heads to Berube's home and finds keys for a storage facility. Secare calls Berube's home office and Mulder answers, pretending to be Berube; Secare states that he's been in the water for three days and is hurt. Meanwhile, the Crew Cut Man eavesdrops on the conversation. Secare collapses due to blood loss before he can tell Mulder where he is. While he is driven away in an ambulance, a poisonous gas is emitted from his body when the paramedics perform a needle decompression. Secare recovers and flees from the ambulance.

Mulder arrives at the storage facility and finds five men suspended in tanks, as well as a sixth empty tank. He is pursued when he leaves the facility but escapes. Carpenter reveals that the "Purity Control" flask contains a sample of bacteria that doesn't exist anywhere in nature and can only be described as extraterrestrial. Upon revisiting the storage facility the next day with Scully, Mulder discovers the room to be completely empty. Deep Throat arrives, revealing that Berube was experimenting on humans with extraterrestrial viruses. Six terminally ill volunteers were experimented on, and all had begun recovering. When it was ordered that they be destroyed, Berube helped Secare escape.

Scully learns that Carpenter and her entire family have been killed in a car accident. Mulder returns to Berube's home and finds Secare in the attic. Secare is shot to death by the Crew Cut Man, and Mulder is captured when exposure to the gas escaping from Secare's wound causes him to pass out. Deep Throat meets Scully outside of Mulder's apartment and says that he may be able to make a deal with his captors. He gives Scully the credentials necessary to enter the High Containment Facility at Fort Marlene, where Scully finds an alien fetus contained within liquid nitrogen. At an exchange on a freeway overpass, Deep Throat presents the fetus to the Crew Cut Man, who shoots him seconds later. Mulder is thrown out of the Crew Cut Man's van as he drives off. Scully tends to Deep Throat, whose last words before dying are, "Trust no one".

Several weeks later, a despondent Mulder calls Scully to inform her that the X-Files have been shut down. Meanwhile, in a scene mirroring the conclusion to the pilot, the Smoking Man stores the alien fetus in the massive evidence room within the Pentagon.

Production

Development
Chris Carter wrote the teleplay for the episode, which he described as "the result of a year-long learning experience". He tried to firmly establish the mythology of the series, "where we explored the different avenues of government conspiracy, and turning it into more than just flying saucers", and having what the writer called a "defining moment" for Scully, where the agent would hear from a fellow scientist that she was dealing with truly extraterrestrial material. The scene where poisonous fumes were emitted by Dr. Secare was inspired by the case of Gloria Ramirez, which occurred in California in February 1994; Carter remembered this when writing the script, and it became an established aspect of the mythology in subsequent seasons.

The writers killed off the recurring character Deep Throat to give audiences the impression that anyone outside of Mulder and Scully were expendable. The decision to shut down the X-Files was done to separate the agents, allowing the producers to work around Gillian Anderson's pregnancy (which contributed to an important plot development in the second season and affected the rest of the series). The Fox network initially opposed the idea, fearing that closing down the X-Files would lead viewers to believe that the show had been cancelled.

The ending of this episode mirrors that of the "Pilot", including Mulder calling Scully at 11:21 pm and the Smoking Man storing evidence in the Pentagon. The tagline for this episode is "Trust No One", replacing the usual phrase "The Truth is Out There" and referencing Deep Throat's last words. Executive producer R. W. Goodwin decided to make his directorial debut with the episode, as he considered it "the best script by far", offering "a combination of elation and stark terror".

Filming and effects
The opening car chase was shot by crew member J. P. Finn, who was the lone producer and directed much of the second unit. It was shot at an abandoned shipyard in North Vancouver known as Versatal Shipyard. Goodwin went so far as saying that the location "was perfect" for them to shoot in; it would be reused in the third season episode "2Shy." The scene with Mulder and Scully visiting Dr. Berube (Ken Kramer) was a "big challenge" due to the use of monkeys; Goodwin wanted the monkeys to all act "crazy" at the same time on cue when filming. When looking back, he said they did a "pretty good job". The location used for the warehouse where Mulder finds the tanks had the address "1616 Pandora", which the producers decided to incorporate into the episode itself as a symbol of Mulder "opening Pandora's box".

The shot of Dr. Secare resurfacing out of the water was created by the visual effects unit. Actor Simon Webb was raised up on a crane under the water, which had been levered so that he could "actually" be raised out of the bay. According to Goodwin, the timing was not quite right, but that failed shot "worked" on a different level and proved to be a "fascinating shot". The scene had to be re-shot later, however. When filming the episode the production crew did not know that Webb had a phobia towards water. The first test shot of Scully removing the alien fetus doll from liquid nitrogen went right, but under the hot studio lights the model started falling apart, leading the following take to flash the lighting in another direction.

Reception
This episode earned a Nielsen rating of 8.8, with a 16 share. It was viewed by 8.3 million households, making it the most viewed episode of the first season. The Mystery Writers of America nominated "The Erlenmeyer Flask" for an Edgar Award in the Best Episode in a TV Series category; the eventual recipient of the award was "Simone Says" of NYPD Blue. John Keegan from Critical Myth gave the episode 9 out of 10, saying it was "the perfect ending to the first season" and a good introduction to The X-Files mythology. Manuel Medoza from The Dallas Morning News said the episode was able to blend "absolutely chilling" moments with "completely silly" moments "at the same time". Entertainment Weekly writer Bruce Fretts concluded that the death of "Deep Throat" made the character "very real".

Crew members have also reacted positively towards the episode. Carter said of the episode: The Erlenmeyer Flask' brings back nothing but good memories. It just has terrific images in it; it really brought the series in its first year full circle. It was successful in doing what we wanted to do, which was to close down the X-Files. It shocked a lot of people". Goodwin commented: "Everything about that episode is absolutely first class. The acting, the art direction, the camera work. There's nothing in it that isn't the best you can get, and that's really a credit to a lot of very talented people". The episode introduced many concepts and themes that would appear in the mythology episodes for the show throughout the years including genetic experiments, alien-human hybrids, toxic alien blood, government conspiracies, alien fetuses and deadly assassins.

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links

 "The Erlenmeyer Flask" on The X-Files official website

1994 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Chris Carter (screenwriter)
Television episodes set in Maryland
The X-Files (season 1) episodes

it:Episodi di X-Files (prima stagione)#Nuove creature


Paul Edward Nauert (born July 7, 1963) is an American retired Major League Baseball umpire. He worked in the National League from 1995 to 1999 and in Major League Baseball from 2002 until his retirement in 2022. Nauert worked the World Series in 2017.

Nauert previously worked in the Appalachian League (1988), the Midwest League (1989–1990), the Florida Instructional League (1988–1990), the Southern League (1991–1992), and the International League (1993–1998). He was the base umpire during the 27-inning, eight-hour-and-15-minute, Bluefield at Burlington game of June 24, 1988, that ended at 3:27 am on June 25.

Nauert umpired his first National League game on May 19, 1995, and was one of 22 umpires whose resignations were accepted in 1999 (the resignations were part of a failed union negotiating strategy). On being rehired in 2002, he became part of the Major League Baseball umpire staff. Nauert has worked the 2020 American League Wild Card Series, the 2004 American League Division Series, the 2008 National League Division Series, the 2010 National League Division Series, the 2013 National League Division Series, the 2014 American League Division Series, the 2016 National League Championship Series, and the 2017 National League Division Series. He was a part of the crew that worked both the  MLB China Series (the first MLB games ever played in China) and the 2008 Japan Opening Series. Nauert also worked the 2009 Major League Baseball All-Star Game.

See also

 List of Major League Baseball umpires

References

External links
Career umpiring information from MLB, or The Baseball Cube, or Retrosheet

1963 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Louisville, Kentucky
Major League Baseball umpires
National League umpires


Sylvia Thorpe was the pseudonym used by June Sylvia Thimblethorpe (born 2 April 1926) a British writer of romance novels from 1950 to 1983.

Thorpe was the third elected Chairman (1965–1967) of the Romantic Novelists' Association, and was named an Honor Life Member.

Biography
June Sylvia Thimblethorpe was born in 1926 in London. Educated there at a school in Brondesbury, Kilburn High School for Girls, Slade School of Fine Arts, and University College. She worked as secretary from 1949 to 1952 and later she worked as school teacher.

As Sylvia Thorpe, she wrote over 25 historical romance novels from 1950 to 1983. Her novel "The Scapegrace" (1971) won the Elizabeth Goudge Historical Award. She was the third elected Chairman (1965–1967) of the Romantic Novelists' Association, and was named an Honor Life Member of the organization.

Thorpe is now a trustee for the Goodrich Village Hall Trust. Goodrich is a village, in south Herefordshire which is very close to Gloucestershire and the Forest of Dean situated near the River Wye and is famous for its old red sandstone Norman and medieval castle.

Bibliography
Source:

As Sylvia Thorpe

Single novels
The Scandalous Lady Robin (1950)
The Sword and the Shadow (1951)
Beggar On Horseback (1953)
Smugglers' Moon (1955) aka Strangers on the Moor
The Golden Panther (1956)
Sword of Vengeance (1957)
Rogues Covenant (1957)
Captain Gallant (1958)
Beloved Rebel (1959)
The Devil's Bondman (1961)
The Highwayman (1962)
The House at Bell Orchard (1962)
The Reluctant Adventuress (1963)
Dark Heritage (1968) aka Tarrington Chase
No More A-roving (1970)
The Scarlet Domino (1970)
The Scapegrace (1971)
Dark Enchantress (1973)
Silver Nightingale (1974)
Romantic Lady (1974)
Flash of Scarlet (1976)
The Varleigh Medallion (1979)
The Avenhurst Inheritance (1981) aka Three Loves
Mistress of Asington (1983)

Conyngton Series
Fair Shine the Day (1964)
Spring Will Come Again (1965)
The Changing Tide (1967)
The Witches of Conyngton (1976)

Anthologies in collaboration
Home to the Highlands / House at Bell Orchard / Secret Longings (1979) (with Jessica Eliot, Nancy MacDougall Kennedy)

References and sources

British romantic fiction writers
1926 births
Living people


Linn Park is an  park in Glasgow, Scotland, surrounded by the suburbs of Cathcart, Muirend, Simshill, and Castlemilk, also bordering Netherlee in East Renfrewshire. It is Glasgow's third largest park, after Pollok Country Park and Dams to Darnley Country Park, although Dams to Darnley is half in East Renfrewshire. Both Linn and Pollok parks have the White Cart Water flowing through them. Some areas in the park are unsuitable for prams and the infirm.

History and features
The park was acquired by Glasgow Corporation in 1919 and incorporated within the city boundaries in 1938. It was originally part of the lands of Hagtonhill and several others owned by the Maxwell family, who were extensive local landowners based at Pollok House. The park is managed by Glasgow City Council and there is an active Friends of Linn Park group.

The remains of Cathcart Castle are situated at the northern end of the park. The castle was built by the first Lord Cathcart around 1450 and added to the park in 1927. It was demolished in 1980 after lying derelict for a long period.

The park contains a large mansion, Linn House, which was originally built c. 1811 for Rev. James Hall, who a short time later became bankrupt resulting in the house and estate being put up for auction on behalf of the creditors. James Hall's wife, Mary Maxwell, separately owned adjacent land at Bogton which was the subject of a legal action by the creditors against her, which was determined at the Court of Session in January 1814. The mansion and surrounding estate was sold again in 1820, by which time the familiar cast iron "Ha'penny Bridge" (now a Category B listed structure) was in place.

A new mansion house was then constructed in the 1820s and extended in the 1850s, the architect being Charles Wilson. The name "Linn" refers to the waterfall on the river and old maps show that the title pre-dates the development of the mansion house, which was converted to four private homes in 2007 after lying derelict for some time.

The park offers woodland and river walks. There is also an equestrian centre, an orienteering course, an 18-hole public golf course (bordering the suburb of Castlemilk but accessed from Simshill) - this was once Cathcart Castle Golf Club, this was set out in the 1890s before the Glasgow Corporation purchased the land and the club moved out to their current site near Clarkston in East Renfrewshire in 1924. There are also a couple of children's play areas, one of which is on the opposite bank of the White Cart from the majority of the park's land, directly adjacent to Cathcart Cemetery. A small area of the park has been made inaccessible by a fence cordoning off an area containing a potentially dangerous landslip.

On the southern edge of the park are Linn Crematorium and Linn Cemetery (accessed from Castlemilk, where there is also a small industrial estate named after the park).

In late 2021, Glasgow City Council closed one of the main entrances and paths into the park due to falling rocks. The path, at Snuff Mill Bridge, is the main entrance to the park from Cathcart. The council has not provided a date for reopening.

References

External links

Linn Park (guide and map) – Glasgow City Council
White Cart Walkway & Linn Park (illustrated guide)

Linn Park et alia loca (walkers' guide to flora and fauna)

Parks and commons in Glasgow


At  the Dammersfeldkuppe in Bavaria is the second highest mountain after the Wasserkuppe (; Hessen) in the Rhön, a low mountain range straddling the states of Bavaria, Hesse and Thuringia in Germany.

Location
The Dammersfeldkuppe is situated in the districts of Bad Kissingen (Bavaria) and Fulda (Hesse) and is one of the peaks of the "High Rhön" (Hohe Rhön). Its dome is in Bavaria about 200 m southeast of the border with Hesse between Gersfeld (Hesse), Bad Brückenau and Wildflecken (both in Bavaria).

The entire mountain lies within the Wildflecken Military Training Area and is surrounded by the Bavarian Rhön Nature Park and Rhön Biosphere Reserve.

The Rhine-Weser watershed runs through the Dammersfeldkuppe. The source of the Schmalnau is on the northern flank of the mountain; its waters flow through the Fulda into the Weser. On the mountain's southern flank rises the Kleine Sinn ("Little Sinn"), the Bavarian name of the Schmale Sinn, whose water makes its way via the Sinn, Franconian Saale and Main to the Rhine.

Annual training area walk
Because the Wildflecken Military Training Area extends over the Dammersfeldkuppe it is usually closed to the public. However a tradition that was started by the US Forces and continued by the Bundeswehr after the Americans pulled out of Wildflecken in 1994, is the annual summer walk or Volksmarsch through the out-of-bounds area. This provides an opportunity to walk across the otherwise inaccessible terrain and the summit of the mountain on specified paths.

Literature
 Unvergessene Heimat rund um`s Dammersfeld. Die abgesiedelten Ortschaften des Truppenübungsplatzes Wildflecken. Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1988, ISBN 3-89264-184-6.

References

External links

 Information at rhoenline.de

Mountains of Bavaria
Mountains and hills of the Rhön
Wildflecken Training Area


NEDU can refer to:
 Northeast Dianli University - Northeast Dianli University (NEDU; Chinese: 东北电力大学; pinyin: Dōngběi Diànlì Dàxué) is a university in Jilin City, Jilin Province, China.
 Navy Experimental Diving Unit - The United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU or NAVXDIVINGU) is the primary source of diving and hyperbaric operational guidance for the US Navy. It is located within the Naval Support Activity Panama City in Panama City Beach, Bay County, Florida.


Elbert Leon Kimbrough (born March 24, 1938) is a former professional American football player who played safety for seven seasons for the Los Angeles Rams, the San Francisco 49ers, and the New Orleans Saints.

References

1938 births
Living people
People from Galesburg, Illinois
Players of American football from Illinois
American football cornerbacks
Northwestern Wildcats football players
Los Angeles Rams players
San Francisco 49ers players
New Orleans Saints players


The House of Chijavadze () or Chizhavadze (ჩიჟავაძე) were a Georgian noble family (tavadi), prominent in the western kingdom of Imereti in the 16th and 17th centuries.

History
The Chijavadze of Imereti share origin with the Chichua, a noble family in neighboring Mingrelia. Their ancestors had settled in Kartli in the 10th century and then in Imereti in the mid-15th. The 20th-century historian Cyril Toumanoff considered them an offshoot of the medieval Kakhaberidze family of the Liparitid stock, while Simon Janashia and, following him, several other Georgian authorities, viewed them as the continuation of the noble clan (aznauri) Sadzvereli (საზვერელი) known from the medieval Georgian chronicles to have helped George II of Abkhazia to seize his rebellious son, Constantine, in the 920s. Janashia corroborated his conclusion by the fact that “Sadzvereli”, probably originally a territorial epithet, later appeared as a male given name in the Chijavadze family on several occasions. The surname Chijavadze itself is first recorded in the 15th-century documents.

The princely fief of Chijavadze had formed by the early 16th century. It occupied most of the territory known as Sachino in what is now the Vani Municipality, with a principal castle at Sebeka. The family had a surge in prominence in the mid-17th century and then gradually went into decline, eventually losing most of their estates to Prince Mamuka of Imereti in the 1730s. Later in the 18th century, Prince Vakhushti Chijavadze was able to recover the family's standing and holdings thanks to his close ties with King Solomon II of Imereti. After the Russian conquest of Imereti in 1810, the Chijavadze were incorporated into the Imperial Russian nobility and confirmed in their princely dignity (knyaz) in 1850.

References

Noble families of Georgia (country)
Russian noble families
Georgian-language surnames


Tân Mỹ may refer to:

Tân Mỹ, An Giang, Vietnam
Tân Mỹ, Bắc Giang, Vietnam


Hermann Wislicenus (20 September 1825  – 25 April 1899) was a German historical painter. He is chiefly known for his mural paintings in the Imperial Palace of Goslar.

Biography
Born in Eisenach in the Thuringian Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Wislicenus studied at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts and later became a student of Eduard Bendemann and Julius Schnorr. His first art work, “Abundance and Destitution,” was purchased by the Dresden Gallery in 1853. A stipend from the Grand Duke of Weimar enabled him to study in Italy (1853–1857) where he lived in Rome and became a follower of Peter von Cornelius and the Nazarene movement.

Upon his return to Germany, he settled in Weimar and opened his own studio. In Spring 1868, he was appointed professor at the Düsseldorf Academy. In 1872 several of his works perished in a devastating fire and were re-created by Wislicenus in the following years.

Works

In an 1877 competition for the decoration of the restored Goslar Kaiserpfalz, he won the first prize, and, assisted by some of his pupils, within twenty years completed a series of 68 frescoes postulating a continuity of imperial rule from Charlemagne to the Prussian-led German Empire. In the course of German unification, the Imperial Palace, after century-long decay, was under restoration since 1868. Wislicenus's pictorial agenda became an icon of the Romantic recourse to medieval traditions that served the inner identity of the 'Lesser German' Reich established in 1871.

Among other oil paintings, watercolors, and cartoons, he executed "Night With Its Retinue," for the Grand Duke of Weimar, the "Myth of Prometheus" (1862, Leipzig Museum), "The Flood of Deucalion" (1865, Weimar Museum); the mural paintings "Brutus as Judge of his Sons" and "The Mother of the Gracchi," in the staircase of the Härtel Roman House at Leipzig; "Fancy Borne by the Dreams" (Schaek Gallery, Munich); "Angels Singing Psalms," mural painting (Grand-ducal chapel, Weimar). In Düsseldorf, he painted "The Four Seasons" (1877, National Gallery, Berlin).

Sources

 Siegfried Gehrecke: Hermann Wislicenus 1825–1899, Verlag Erich Goltze, Göttingen 1987,

External links

 Hermann Wislicenus at artfact.com

1825 births
1899 deaths
People from Eisenach
19th-century German painters
19th-century German male artists
Academic staff of Kunstakademie Düsseldorf
German history painters
German male painters
19th-century painters of historical subjects


The Liptov Baldspotted Rabbit () is a Slovak breed of domestic rabbit. It was officially recognized in 2005. It weighs approximately . There are three colour varieties: agouti, blue-agouti, and black. The pattern on the head is a white blaze (similar to "Dutch" head markings), but there are no other white markings anywhere on the rabbit. It has been bred in the Liptov region of Slovakia.

See also

List of rabbit breeds

References

External links
 Club of Breeders of Liptovský lysko - Photo gallery

Rabbit breeds
Rabbit breeds originating in Slovakia


Bruce Liu Sing-lee (born 8 October 1958 in Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong solicitor and politician. He is the former chairman of the moderate Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood and an elected member of Kowloon City District Council (2008–2011) representing the Kai Tak constituency.

He graduated from the Department of Social Work in the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 1983. He was a member of the Wong Tai Sin District Board (1985–1999), the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (1995–1997) and the Provisional Legislative Council (1997–1998).

References

1958 births
Living people
Leaders of political parties
District councillors of Kowloon City District
District councillors of Wong Tai Sin District
Solicitors of Hong Kong
Members of the Urban Council of Hong Kong
Alumni of the Chinese University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood politicians
Members of the Provisional Legislative Council
HK LegCo Members 1995–1997
Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 2012–2017
Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 2017–2021


The 2009 Toppserien was the twenty-third season of top-tier women's football in Norway since its establishment in 1987. A total of twelve teams contested the league, consisting of ten who competed in the previous season and two promoted from the 1. divisjon. Running from 13 April to 31 October 2009, it was won by Røa for the third consecutive year.  As winners, Røa qualified for the Round of 32 of the 2010–11 UEFA Women's Champions League as the sole representative from Norway. Because Norway had dropped to ninth place in the UEFA coefficient rankings for 2010–11, the runners-up in the Toppserien could no longer enter the qualifying round of the Champions League, as had been the case in the previous season.

Røa were confirmed as league champions on the last day of the season after drawing 0–0 with runners-up Stabæk, thus becoming the second team in the league's history to secure three consecutive titles (Trondheims-Ørn managed four in a row in 1994–1997). With their fourth league title overall, Røa also drew level with Sprint/Jeløy in terms of number of titles won, behind Trondheims-Ørn and Asker. Stabæk finished three points behind Røa in what was their first season after relocating to Bærum and becoming an affiliate of Stabæk Fotball. They had previously competed as Asker. Kolbotn finished third, six points behind Røa and three behind Stabæk.

Neither of the two promoted teams were able to maintain their spot in the top flight. Fortuna Ålesund were the first team to be relegated to the 1. divisjon after losing 1–2 at home to Arna-Bjørnar on 26 September. They were joined by Sandviken on 10 October when they lost 0–4 at home, also to Arna-Bjørnar.

On 27 October, the Football Association of Norway penalized Fløya for their use of two ineligible players in the league and Norwegian Cup. The players, both acquired before the start of the season, were fielded in thirteen and nine matches respectively before it was discovered that the club had not registered the transfers properly. Fløya were fined 10,000 kroner and deducted four points. Consequently, they dropped from eighth to tenth place in the standings.

League table

Results

Top goalscorers

References

Toppserien seasons
Top level Norwegian women's football league seasons
1
Norway
Norway


Bắc Lý  is a commune (xã) and village in Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Châu Minh  is a commune (xã) and village in Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Đại Thành  is a commune (xã) and village in Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam. The current mayor is Kiren MacLeod.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Danh Thắng  is a commune (xã) and village in Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Đoan Bái  is a commune (xã) and village in Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Đông Lỗ  is a commune (xã) and village in Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Đồng Tân  is a commune (xã) and village in Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Hòa Sơn  is a commune (xã) and village in Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Hoàng An  is a commune (xã) and village in Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Hoàng Lương  is a commune (xã) and village in Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Hoàng Thanh  is a commune (xã) and village in Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Hoàng Vân  is a commune (xã) and village in Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Hợp Thịnh  is a commune (xã) and village in Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Hùng Sơn is a township (thị trấn) and capital of Đại Từ District, Thái Nguyên Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Thái Nguyên province
Townships in Vietnam
District capitals in Vietnam


Hương Lâm  is a commune (xã) and village in Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam. Huong Lam commune has an area of 12.81 km², and in 1999 had a population of 11,955 people.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


Detective Lieutenant Mark Hoffman is a fictional character and the secondary antagonist of the Saw franchise. He is portrayed by Australian actor Costas Mandylor. While the character was first shown as a police officer in Saw III, later films in the series have expanded his role and revealed him to be an apprentice, and subsequently the successor of the Jigsaw Killer, as the new Jigsaw. He serves as the secondary antagonist in Saw IV, and the main antagonist in Saw V, Saw VI and Saw 3D. He appears in the mid-credits scene of Saw X, setting up a new trap alongside Jigsaw.

Like his mentor and partner, Hoffman designs death traps that, for survivors, give them reason to appreciate their lives. Unlike his mentor, however, he has no emotion towards his victims and generally displays a very monotone personality. He also enjoys making his victims suffer, and frequently places his victims in traps where at least one must be killed for the other(s) to escape, and on occasion has placed them in inescapable traps.

His surname is a tribute to producer Gregg Hoffman, who died on December 4, 2005, just five weeks after the release of Saw II.

Fictional character biography

Saw III
Saw III briefly shows Hoffman during the investigation of Troy's chain trap. Hoffman is shown to be listening in on Officer Daniel Rigg's conversation with Detective Allison Kerry about Jigsaw's ability to continue his work. Unnoticed by the others, Hoffman pockets a chain fragment from the trap's aftermath and Kerry comments as to why the door had to be cut open by the police to secure the crime scene. He is very apathetic and glib while speaking to Rigg and Kerry. Rigg shows that this bothered him. As depicted in Saw IV, Amanda and Hoffman then place Kerry in a trap which kills her even though she did as she was instructed, revealing that the trap was rigged to be inescapable.

During flashbacks revealed in Saw VI, as they begin to put John's final tests into action, Hoffman and Amanda begin fighting over John's affections and legacy. Hoffman tries to win John's favor by warning him against Amanda's now murderous take on his legacy. John instead chooses to allow the game to progress. Hoffman, knowing the test was actually meant for Amanda, proceeds to sabotage the test by switching John's letter for Amanda with one of his own: a letter informing her that if she does not kill Lynn Denlon, he will tell John what she had done (she was the person that sent Cecil to steal drugs, which ultimately resulted in Jill Tuck's miscarriage when Cecil slammed a door on her). Amanda does so, but is killed by Lynn's husband, Jeff Denlon, who then proceeds to kill John as well.

Saw IV

In the opening scene of Saw IV, Hoffman is called to the police morgue to hear a cassette tape that is found in Jigsaw's stomach during his autopsy. It is later revealed that the events of Saw III and Saw IV occurred at the same time, so this scene actually happened after the events of those two films.

Prior, Hoffman knocks out Rigg and makes it seem that Detective Eric Matthews and himself have been captured by Jigsaw, and that Rigg must save them both. Rigg completes a series of tests, leading him to Jigsaw's lair and the location of Hoffman and Eric's trap. Despite previous warnings to not go through unsecured doors, Rigg enters the room of their trap before the timer expires, causing Eric's death and apparently killing Hoffman as well. However, Hoffman releases himself from his bonds, having never been in any danger, and reveals himself as Jigsaw's accomplice. Hoffman leaves Rigg to die and walks out of the room. The morgue scene replays with a more detailed message to Hoffman stating that Jigsaw's work is not over and that Hoffman will not go untested.

Saw V
Hoffman has a more significant role in Saw V. After FBI agent Peter Strahm enters Jigsaw's sickroom following the events of Saw III and Saw IV, Hoffman comes in from the scene of Rigg's final test and locks Strahm in. Strahm finds a hidden back door leading into a passage, where a microcassette warns not to proceed any further. Ignoring this message, Strahm moves down the passage, where Hoffman captures him and places him into a trap intended to kill him by drowning. Much to Hoffman's bewilderment, Strahm escapes his trap and is carried away on a gurney, while Hoffman makes himself out to be a hero, taking credit for the rescue of Corbett Denlon and ending the Jigsaw murders.

It is revealed that Hoffman was the one who set up Seth Baxter's inescapable trap, in which Seth was bisected by a swinging pendulum blade, in retaliation for the murder of Hoffman's sister; Hoffman made it look like a Jigsaw trap. Jigsaw subsequently kidnapped Hoffman, accusing him of blaming Jigsaw for something he had done, and blackmailed Hoffman into becoming his apprentice; he subsequently helped John find victims and set up several of the games seen in the first three films.

Strahm begins to pursue Hoffman as a five-person trap set up by the latter plays out. Hoffman plants evidence to frame Strahm as the last Jigsaw apprentice. This deception eventually leads Strahm's superior, FBI agent Dan Erickson, to put out an all-points bulletin for Strahm's immediate arrest for the Jigsaw murders.

Meanwhile, Strahm trails Hoffman to a dark basement with the hopes of finding him there. Strahm instead finds a glass box with a cassette tape from Hoffman. The tape states that Strahm will need to trust him and get into the box (filled with broken glass) if he wants to live. Strahm chooses not to heed the warning and instead throws Hoffman into the box, which safely lowers Hoffman down into the floor while the walls slide together, crushing Strahm to death. Hoffman is left as the hero from the Jigsaw murders, and Strahm (still believed to be alive by the world at large) is considered a suspect as Jigsaw's second apprentice.

Saw VI
In Saw VI, Hoffman traps a health insurer, William Easton, who denied a man's claim for medical help, leading to his death. It is later revealed that William had rejected Jigsaw's insurance claim in relation to his cancer treatment, and that this is part of a wider game in which Jigsaw wants Hoffman to collaborate with Jill. Displeased, Hoffman visits Jill and tells her he will do it alone, demanding the information she was given about the targets for the trap. Jill gives Hoffman five envelopes that Jigsaw had given her for the next game.

FBI agent Lindsey Perez, thought to have died in Saw IV, is revealed to be alive. She figures out that Hoffman is Jigsaw's real apprentice, not Strahm. The key evidence is an audio lab analysis (with Hoffman present) of the tape from Seth Baxter's trap, which proves to contain Hoffman's disguised voice. Hoffman attacks Erickson and Perez, uses the technician as a shield against Perez's gunshots, and demands who else knows about him. Perez says, "Everyone," before Hoffman finally kills her. He then sets the audio lab on fire to destroy the evidence and finish off the three victims, planting Strahm's fingerprints around the room to keep suspicion from himself.

The contents of Amanda's letter (as seen in Saw III and Saw IV) are shown in a flashback, which explains that Hoffman had discovered that when Cecil robbed Jill's clinic for drugs, he was not acting alone. Amanda, visibly going through withdrawals and desperate for another high, pressured Cecil into doing so, she inadvertently caused Jill to miscarry her and John's unborn child, Gideon. In the letter, Hoffman blackmailed Amanda into killing Lynn, telling her that if she failed to do so, he would reveal her involvement in Jill's miscarriage to John.

One of John's last requests to Jill is to test Hoffman, from one of the envelopes containing Hoffman's photograph. Jill stuns him, straps him into a chair, and puts him in an updated version of the reverse bear trap but does not leave a key for him to free himself. To escape, Hoffman slams his head down onto his left hand, breaking it so that he can slip it out of the strap. He tries unsuccessfully to open the lock with a screw driver, then throws his head through a barred window on the door; when the timer runs out, the device becomes jammed in the bars failing to open fully. He then pulls his head free, sustaining a major wound to his right cheek as a result, and survives.

Saw 3D
In Saw 3D, after escaping the updated reverse bear trap, Hoffman leaves, taking medical supplies, and returns to his hideout where he stitches his cheek and bandages his hand. Jill meets with Matt Gibson, an Internal Affairs detective at Hoffman's precinct, and tells him that Hoffman has been involved as an accomplice in nearly every Jigsaw murder. The police attempt to raid the area where Hoffman is, but he hides himself in a body bag and is rolled into the coroner's office. After escaping from there, he goes on a killing spree at the police station. He then finds Jill and puts her in the original reverse bear trap while she is strapped to a chair. With no means for Jill to escape, the trap springs open and kills her. While a news broadcast is heard reporting that Jill has been found dead and that Hoffman is now wanted by the authorities, Hoffman destroys his hideout and prepares to flee the city, but is attacked by three people wearing pig masks. One of the men is revealed to be Dr. Lawrence Gordon, who survived the amputation of his own foot by cauterizing his stump using a hot steam pipe; he was later nursed back to health by John, who subsequently recruited him as an apprentice. Lawrence takes Hoffman into the bathroom from the first film, chains him by the ankle to the pipes, and throws away the hacksaw he used to cut off his own foot before he can do the same. Lawrence then shuts off the lights and leaves, closing the door and leaving Hoffman to die.

Saw X
After John is conned into a fake cancer treatment sometime between the events of Saw and Saw II, he tasks Hoffman with obtaining information about those who deceived him. In a post-credits scene, Hoffman stands alongside Jigsaw in the bathroom from the first film, assisting him in the test for Henry Kessler, who lured John into the scheme in the first place.

Characterization
Prior to the release of Saw VI, actor Costas Mandylor stated of his character, "Hoffman is sort of torn of becoming a mad man or becoming a guy that's more composed, coming from a pure place like Jigsaw. That's my character's dilemma; does he go fucking crazy or follow the rules of the boss?" Costas also mentioned that, when compared to Jigsaw and his morals, the rough edges of Hoffman are really shown.

References

Saw (franchise) characters
Male horror film villains
Fictional American police detectives
Fictional inventors
Fictional vigilantes
Fictional serial killers
Fictional kidnappers
Fictional mass murderers
Fictional police officers in films
Film characters introduced in 2006
Police misconduct in fiction
Fictional torturers
Male film villains


Lương Phong  is a commune (xã) and village in Hiệp Hòa District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.

References

Populated places in Bắc Giang province
Communes of Bắc Giang province


"Duane Barry" is the fifth episode of the second season and 29th episode overall of the science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering in the United States and Canada on October 14, 1994. The episode was written and directed by executive producer Chris Carter. "Duane Barry" received a Nielsen rating of 8.9 and was viewed by 8.5 million households. The episode received largely positive reviews from critics.

The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In the episode, Mulder becomes involved in a hostage situation with an escaped psychiatric patient, named Duane Barry (Steve Railsback), who claims to be terrified of frequent alien abductions.

The episode marked Carter's debut as a director. While never having directed before, he would go on to direct such episodes as "The List", "The Post-Modern Prometheus", "Triangle", and "Improbable", as well as the second feature film, The X-Files: I Want to Believe, and three episodes of the tenth season. The storyline was inspired by the true story of Phineas Gage, a 19th-century medical case.

Plot
In 1985, at his home in Pulaski, Virginia, Duane Barry (Steve Railsback) is abducted by aliens. Nine years later, Barry has become a violent patient in a mental institution, refusing to take his medication and insisting that the aliens are coming back for him. He attacks a security guard and steals his gun, taking head psychiatrist Dr. Hakkie hostage before escaping. Barry seeks to return to his original abduction site with Dr. Hakkie, in the hopes that the aliens will take the doctor instead when they return. But since he can't remember where the abduction site is located, Barry heads to a travel agency in Richmond and holds the three clerks hostage along with Dr. Hakkie.

Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Alex Krycek (Nicholas Lea) are summoned to the ensuing hostage situation by Agent Lucy Kazdin (CCH Pounder), since Barry insists that he is an alien abductee. Mulder contacts Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) for assistance, asking her to look into Barry's history. Mulder acts as a hostage negotiator, calling Barry in order to earn his trust so that the standoff may be peacefully resolved. Barry quickly figures this out, causing Mulder to learn that he is a former FBI agent. A power outage occurs, frightening Barry and causing him to fire his gun, hitting one of the hostages. Mulder heads inside the travel agency with a paramedic. Barry releases the wounded hostage in exchange for Mulder, who is instructed to get Barry near the agency's front door so that snipers can fire on him.

Scully arrives and reveals that Barry's frontal cortex was damaged when he was shot in the head in 1982; she thinks this injury has made Barry a psychopathic pathological liar. Mulder talks to Barry, who claims that the aliens performed painful tests on him and put tracking devices in his body. Against Kazdin's orders, Mulder tells Barry that he believes his story, convincing him to release the remaining hostages. However, when Mulder questions whether Barry is lying, he becomes enraged. Mulder tricks Barry into approaching the front door where he is shot by a sniper.

The next day, Mulder visits Barry in the hospital. Kazdin appears, revealing that metal implants were found in Barry's body and that tiny holes were found in his teeth, in the same manner he had described. Mulder gives one of the implants to Scully, who has it reviewed by a ballistics expert; they find a microscopic barcode imprinted on it. Later, at a supermarket, Scully swipes the implant across a checkout scanner, causing the machine to malfunction while displaying a strange serial number. At her house, Scully leaves a message on Mulder's voicemail, suggesting that Barry had been "catalogued" by the implant. But just then, Barry—having escaped from the hospital—breaks in through Scully's window and kidnaps her.

Production

Conception
"Duane Barry" was originally planned to be a standalone mythology episode, but the news of Gillian Anderson's pregnancy led to the creation of a two-part episode, since the production crew knew they needed Anderson to disappear until she had given birth. The follow-up episode, "Ascension", was written by Paul Brown.

Much of Carter's inspiration for the episode came from reports of Phineas Gage, who underwent a personality change after a blasting accident drove an iron rod completely through his head (though the idea that Gage became violent, immoral, or a pathological liar, as Scully describes him, is without foundation). The aliens' use of a dental drill on Barry was inspired by a neighbour of Carter who said that he was abducted and that the aliens drilled holes into his teeth – which a dentist analyzed and said could not be done with any equipment he knew.

The aliens seen at the start of the episode were portrayed by children. Carter wrote specifically the part of Barry with Steve Railsback in mind, saying, "I've resisted casting the marquee names only because it takes you out of the show; makes the show less believable. But there are certain actors who just call out for the part." Originally, Railsback character was named Duane Garry, but it was changed after learning that a person within the FBI had the same name. Carter has mentioned that he disliked the new name at first but got used to it over time.

Filming

This episode marked Carter's directing debut. Being the first he had ever directed, David Nutter from the directing staff helped, tipped, and showed him what to do. With Nutter's help, Carter learned how to block entire scenes. When commenting on his experience, Carter told that he sometimes followed Nutter's advice down to "the letter". When directing the episode, Carter wanted to create a different feel for the episode, by focusing more on the performances given by the actors, than the mechanical set designs. He declared that directing he learned about "things you take for granted as a writer and producer", that lead to "compromises" for things Carter could not do on-screen, and compared the episode to a stage play as most is set in a single place, the travel agency.

During the filming of Barry's abduction, they had a "film run out" which, according to Carter, gave the scene a "very eerie effect". Shooting that scene was a "real test" according to Carter. Carter was pleased with the outcome, saying he was able to show viewers what he wanted out of The X-Files, which he felt he was "very successful" at. The visual effects crew had to hang a "giant light" over the house where Barry was being abducted. It took the course of forty-five minutes to shoot the scene. According to Carter, much teamwork was required to film that particular scene. As he puts it, he was actually forced to stay "behind the camera" to see the end results. For the experiments, Railsback was put in a plaster model of his back as he was lifted by a hydraulic device, and had water squirted on his mouth for the dental drill.

Reception
"Duane Barry" premiered on the Fox network on October 14, 1994. This episode earned a Nielsen rating of 8.9, with a 16 share, meaning that roughly 8.9 percent of all television-equipped households, and 16 percent of households watching television, were tuned in to the episode. It was viewed by 8.5 million households. CCH Pounder and Chris Carter both earned Primetime Emmy nominations for "excellence in primetime television" for their work in this episode. Pounder was nominated in the category "Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series", while Carter was nominated in the category "Outstanding Individual Achievement in Writing for a Drama Series". The episode was also nominated in the categories "Outstanding Individual Achievement in Sound Editing for a Series" and "Outstanding Individual Achievement in Editing for a Series - Single Camera Production". Director of Photography John Bartley also received a nomination for Outstanding Achievement Award for Episodic Television by the American Society of Cinematographers.

The episode was well received by the cast and crew of The X-Files. Producer J.P. Finn praised the episode and Carter's directing, saying "We were all pretty nervous doing that one, because Chris Carter was a new director. It turned out that he directed very well...It was a great script, a great cast, and he ended up directing a home run. One of the charming things about it was the end, where we had these alien heads placed on young children. It was so endearing to see them on the set between takes, playing with Chris and everyone". Actor David Duchovny said of Carter's directing: "Chris came in meticulously prepared, which is his nature. I think his first episode was great". Carter himself described it as one of his favorite episodes because "it was a chance for me to sort of do it all, and it came out in ways better than I imagined it would".

The episode received largely positive reviews from television critics. Matt Roush from USA Today said Railsback's performance as Barry rivaled that of his portrayal of Charles Manson in the 1976 television miniseries Helter Skelter. An unnamed reviewer from the Contra Costa Times called the episode "seminal". San Jose Mercury News said Railsback gave what was to be the "ultimate X-Files performance" in 2002 after the show had been cancelled. Robert Shearman and Lars Pearson, in their book Wanting to Believe: A Critical Guide to The X-Files, Millennium & The Lone Gunmen, gave the episode a glowing review and rated it five stars out of five. The two called it "a career best for Chris Carter" and praised his writing and directing, noting that both were "powerfully" and "passionately" done. Shearman and Pearson also applauded the episode's simplicity, citing it as the factor that made the entry stand out from others.  Zack Handlen from The A.V. Club named it an "essential" episode of The X-Files. Furthermore, he praised Railsback's performance, writing that "there's a sweaty intensity to his best performances that makes him impossible to look away from; but you still can't accept anything he says at face value."

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links

"Duane Barry" on TheXFiles.com

1994 American television episodes
Television episodes directed by Chris Carter (screenwriter)
Television episodes written by Chris Carter (screenwriter)
The X-Files (season 2) episodes
Television episodes set in Virginia
Fiction set in 1985

it:Episodi di X-Files (prima stagione)#Omicidi del terzo tipo
hu:Gumiember (X-akták)


Dr. Edward Vernon Pegge (5 June 1864 − 21 March 1915) was a Welsh international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Neath Rugby Football Club, international rugby for Wales and later became a vice-president of the Welsh Rugby Union. Pegge had an eccentric personality that made him a stand-out character of early Welsh rugby.

Personal life
Pegge was born in Briton Ferry in 1864, to Charles and Catherine Pegge. His father was originally from Wokingham in England, but moved to Wales where he ran and lived at Vernon House, the last privately owned asylum in Wales. Pegge followed his father, also becoming a doctor. One of seven children, Pegge's younger sister, Maud Cunnington was a notable archaeologist.

Rugby career
Pegge played club rugby for London Welsh and Neath, and it was while representing the later that he won his one and only international cap, in the opening game of the 1891 Home Nations Championship, against England. Played at Rodney Parade in Newport, Pegge was one of three new caps brought into the pack, along with Percy Bennett and Harry Packer to face England. Wales lost the game by a goal, and Pegge was not selected for future internationals.

Apart from his single cap, several stories about Pegge allude to his individualistic nature. During the 1887 season Neath RFC embarked on their first tour of the South West of England which would later become an annual fixture. When Pegge missed the departure of his team-mates on their journey to Devon, he chartered a special train to catch up with them. He also caused a sensation when he decided to play rugby at club level with bare arms and legs, as he disapproved of the standard shin-length knickerbockers.

As well as becoming captain of the Neath first team, he was also vocal in rugby issues at club and country level. During an early meeting held by the club officials he demanded "that baths be provided forthwith and that the secretary be instructed to obtain prices for the same." Pegge's motion was carried. In 1892 Pegge was present at the meeting of the Welsh Rugby Union when Richard Mullock was removed as Secretary. During the meeting Pegge was elected as one of four vice-presidents, along with Horace Lyne, William David Phillips and Gavin Henry; Pegge representing the interests of teams from the South Western district of Wales.

International matches played
Wales
  1891

Bibliography

References

1864 births
1915 deaths
19th-century Welsh medical doctors
20th-century Welsh medical doctors
Alumni of King's College London
Heidelberg University alumni
London Welsh RFC players
Neath RFC players
Rugby union forwards
Rugby union players from Briton Ferry
Wales international rugby union players
Wales Rugby Union officials
Welsh rugby union players


Talkatora Garden is a Mughal-era garden situated on the Mother Teresa Crescent (previously Willingdon Crescent) in New Delhi. In Mughal times, it used to be a tank and a swimming pool. The Marathas defeated the Mughals in the Battle of Delhi (1737) at this place. The garden is now more famous for the Talkatora Stadium. It attracts a large number of tourists.

Etymology

The Talkatora Stadium close to it, is also named after it. A tal (tank) situated at the west side of the garden, is surrounded by hilly ground (part of the Delhi ridge), forms a katora, bowl-shaped natural depression, which gives the place its name.
The number of tourists increases here especially in the spring season. Apart from various types of flowers, there is also a stadium, where games and events are held. Programs are also held here for children for certain times to get them interested in gardening. The park is open all days of the week.

History
There was a tal (tank) at the west side of the garden, surrounded by hilly ground forming a katora (bowl shaped natural depression). Although the pond disappeared long ago, there still exists at the northwestern end of the garden, a long wall and domed octagonal pavilions at the two ends. This was an embankment (bund) to hold back rain water flowing into that tank. The surrounding area was used as a camping ground by the Maratha army in 1736-37

Tourist places near Talkatora Garden
There are many tourist attractions which are very near to Talkatora Garden. such as Sacred Heart Cathedral, India Gate, Hanuman Mandir, Bangla Sahib Gurudwara, Rashtrapati Bhawan and Jantar Mantar.

General facts

 Also Known As - Talkatora Bagh
 Location - Mother Teresa Crescent Road, Near President's Estate, New Delhi
 Major Attraction - Talkatora Indoor Stadium
 Time to Visit - Open on all days
 Preferred Timings - 3.00 p.m.- 6.00 p.m.
 Entry Fee - Free to all.
 Photography Charges - no Photograph charges
 Nearest Railway Station - New Delhi Railway Station
 Nearest Metro Station - Rajiv Chowk
 Nearest International Airport - Indira Gandhi International Airport
 Time required for sightseeing - One Hour
 Significance - Talkatora Gardens gets its name from the large walled tank; the place is historic as it was the venue for the fight of 1737 when the Mughals were defeated by the Marathas.

See also

List of parks in Delhi

References

Mughal Empire
Parks in Delhi