is a Russian former sumo wrestler. He began his professional career in January 2007 and made the top division in a record eleven tournaments. The highest rank he reached was sekiwake. He was runner-up in consecutive tournaments in May and July 2010 and earned two sanshō or special prizes for Fighting Spirit. He wrestled for Mihogaseki stable.

Career
Aran was born in Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia–Alania, RSFSR, USSR, the same area as Rohō and Hakurozan. He began as an amateur wrestler,  winning the Russian National Junior Championships. In October 2006 he won the open division of the World Amateur Sumo Championships held in Saitama, Japan, defeating Ichihara. In December of that year, he joined Mihogaseki stable. Sumo rules allow only one foreigner per stable, and the departure of Baruto to the newly formed Onoe stable created an opening for him.

He made his professional debut in January 2007, alongside Yamamotoyama. Although he was able to win only 2 out of 5 bouts in maezumo, he won the jonokuchi division championship in the next tournament with a perfect 7–0 record, and reached the second highest jūryō division after one and a half years in July 2008. He became the fourth Russian sekitori, after Rohō, Hakurozan, and Wakanohō. (Following the dismissal of these three for cannabis use, Aran was the only Russian left.) He made the top makuuchi division just two tournaments later in November 2008, after winning the jūryō division championship with a 12–3 record. The 11 tournaments it took him to reach makuuchi from his professional debut equalled the all-time record held by Kotoōshū, now broken by Jōkōryū.

Until the January 2009 tournament, in which he scored only 5-10, Aran had maintained a winning record in every tournament in which he had participated. However, he responded two consecutive winning tournaments, which sent him up the banzuke to maegashira 1 for the July 2009 tournament in Nagoya. He defeated ōzeki Harumafuji there but was able to win only three other bouts. After three tournaments out of the limelight, he returned to the upper maegashira ranks in the March 2010 tournament, but lost 14 of his 15 matches. However, he put this disastrous performance behind him by scoring 12–3 in May, finishing runner-up to yokozuna Hakuhō and receiving a share of the Fighting Spirit prize, his first sanshō award. He had another good tournament in July, winning eleven bouts from maegashira 2, defeating two ozeki and once again finishing runner-up with a share of the Kantō-shō.

In the September 2010 tournament he made his san'yaku debut at sekiwake, becoming the first member of Mihogaseki stable to reach sumo's third highest rank since the current head coach, the former Masuiyama II, took over in 1984. He fell short with a 7–8 record, his only notable victory coming against the aging ōzeki Kaiō on the final day. He stayed in the san'yaku ranks at komusubi but could score only 4–11 in July. In January 2011 he beat ōzeki Baruto but finished on 5-10, and his 6–9 mark in May, despite a win over Kotoōshū, was his fourth consecutive losing score. He returned to form in July 2011, scoring 10-5 which led to his return to the komusubi rank. However, he had a losing 5–10 record in September 2011 which dropped him to the maegashira ranks for November, and he remained a maegashira throughout 2012.

Retirement from sumo
Though still at a comfortable rank of maegashira 7 in the September 2013 tournament, he chose to retire after posting a 3–12 record where he lost the last nine bouts.  His Mihogaseki stable was folding and being absorbed into Kasugano stable, and rather than fight for a new stable, he chose to retire on October 3 of that year. At a press conference he said that his physical condition was bad due to treatment for oral cancer and that he had been thinking about retirement for a year and a half. At his own request he quickly had a private danpatsu-shiki or retirement ceremony for close relatives only, which is unusual for a former sekiwake, and returned to Russia to become a businessman.

Fighting style

Aran's favoured techniques as listed with the Japan Sumo Association were migi-yotsu (a left hand outside, right hand inside grip on his opponent's mawashi), yori (grappling) and oshi (pushing).

He was criticised for not moving forward enough during his bouts and for relying heavily on henka (side-stepping) and slap down techniques. Approximately one third of his wins were by hataki-komi (slap down), a much higher figure than most other wrestlers.

Personal life
In January 2009 he announced his marriage, to a fellow Russian, although the couple had in fact wed in June 2008. They had a son in February 2010.

In January 2010 he revealed that in December 2008 he had undergone treatment for mouth cancer. The operation to remove the malignant tumour was a success, but caused him to drop 20 kilos in weight.

Career record

See also
List of sumo record holders
List of sumo tournament top division runners-up
List of sumo tournament second division champions
Glossary of sumo terms
List of non-Japanese sumo wrestlers
List of past sumo wrestlers
List of sekiwake

References

External links
Japan Sumo Association profile
Complete career record

1984 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Vladikavkaz
Russian expatriates in Japan
North Ossetian sumo wrestlers
Sekiwake


The Oti–Volta languages form a subgroup of the Gur languages, comprising about 30 languages of northern Ghana, Benin, and Burkina Faso spoken by twelve million people. The most populous language is Mooré, the national language of Burkina Faso, spoken by over 55% of Burkina Faso’s 20 million population and an additional 1 million in neighboring countries such as Ghana, Ivory Coast, Niger, and Mali.

The family is named after the Oti and Volta rivers.

Languages
The internal classification of Oti–Volta, as worked out by Manessy 1975–79 and Naden 1989 (Williamson & Blench 2000) is as follows:

Native Dagbani speakers assert that Dagbani is mutually intelligible with Dagaare, Frafra, Mamprusi, and Wali, but in the case of Dagaare, Frara and Wali it is rather the case that many people can understand some of a language which is not their mother tongue. These languages are not mutually intelligible with Mõõré or Kusaal (a language spoken in Bawku West District and adjacent areas).

Bodomo (2017)
Bodomo (2017) refers to the Western Oti–Volta group (and also including Buli–Koma) as Central Mabia. The term Mabia is a portmanteau of the two lexical innovations ma- 'mother' + bia 'child'.

The following is a classification of the Central Mabia languages from Bodomo (2017), as cited in Bodomo (2020). Bodomo's Central Mabia group consists of 7 subgroups.

Central Mabia
Dagaare
Dagaare
Waale
Northern Birifor
Southern Birifor
Safaliba
North
Moore
Mid-Central
Mabiene
Nankanè
Nabit
South
Dagbane
Mampruli
Nanuni
Kusaal
Kusaal
Talni
Buli–Konni
Buli
Konni
Hanga–Kamara
Hanga
Kamara

See also
List of Proto-Oti-Volta reconstructions (Wiktionary)
List of Proto-Eastern Oti-Volta reconstructions (Wiktionary)
List of Proto-Central Oti-Volta reconstructions (Wiktionary)

Bibliography
Bodomo, Adams, Hasiyatu Abubakari and Samuel Alhassan Issah (2020). Handbook of the Mabia Languages of West Africa. Glienicke: Galda Verlag. .

References

Gur languages
Dagbon


The welfare of animals in rodeo has been a topic of discussion for the industry, the public, and the law for decades.

Context

Laws
In response to animal welfare and animal cruelty concerns, a number of laws have passed regulating rodeo. In the United Kingdom the Protection of Animals Act 1934 effectively made rodeo, as it was then practiced, illegal in England, Scotland and Wales.  In September 2000, California became the first American state to prohibit the use of prods on any animal in a chute.

Independent assessments
Modern rodeos in the United States are closely regulated and have responded to accusations of animal cruelty by instituting a number of rules to guide how rodeo animals are to be managed.

In 1994, a survey of 28 sanctioned rodeos was conducted by on-site independent veterinarians.  Reviewing  animal runs, the injury rate was documented 0.047% (16 animals in 33,991 runs.

In 2000, a survey conducted by independent veterinarians at 57 PRCA rodeos found 0.053% (38 animal injuries in 71,743 animal exposures).

A 2001 survey reported an injury rate of 0.056% in 21 PRCA rodeos (15 animals in 26,584 performances).

A later PRCA survey of 60,971 animal performances at 198 rodeo performances and 73 sections of "slack" (competitions outside of the main competition events) indicated 27 animals were injured, i.e. 0.04%

In Australian rodeos, similar injury rates occur.  Basic injuries occur at a rate of 0.072% (one in 1,405), with injuries requiring veterinary attention at 0.036% (one injury each 2,810 times an animal is used in competition).

Accusations of cruelty in US rodeos persist.  The PRCA acknowledges they sanction only about 30% of all rodeos, another 50% are sanctioned by other organizations and 20% are completely unsanctioned. Several animal rights and animal welfare organizations keep records of accidents and incidents of possible animal abuse. They cite various specific incidents of injury to support their statements, and also point to examples of long-term breakdown, as well as reporting on injuries and deaths suffered by animals in non-rodeo events staged on the periphery of professional rodeo such as chuck wagon races and "Suicide Runs."  In terms of statistics on animal injury rate during rodeos, there appear to be no independent studies more recent than the 1994 study.

Groups such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) note incidents of animal injury, including an incident where a "bull  suffered from a broken neck..." According to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), practice sessions are often the scene of more severe animal welfare abuses than competitions.

Toronto Medical Officer

Veterinarians

Positions of animal welfare groups

The Calgary Humane Society "opposes the use of animals for any form of entertainment in which they are placed at risk of suffering undue stress, pain, injury or death," and "opposes high risk rodeo events."

Vancouver Humane Society is "opposed to rodeo because most rodeo events involve the use of fear, stress or pain to make animals perform. There is also considerable risk of injury or death for the animals. ... "In Canada, the City of Vancouver and the District of North Vancouver have banned rodeos."

RSPCA Australia is "opposed to rodeos and rodeo schools because of the potential for significant injury, suffering or distress to the animals involved. The use of painful devices such as flank straps, spurs and electric prods contributes to suffering associated with this sport."

Responses

Rodeo

See also
 Animal welfare in the United States

References

External links
 PRCA Animal Welfare Rules: Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association
 Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association Animal Welfare

Rodeo
Cruelty to animals
Sports controversies
Animal welfare and rights in the United States


Jean-François Foucquet S.J., also Jean-François Fouquet (12 March 1665 – 14 March 1741), was a Burgundy French Jesuit, bishop and scientist who was active in the Jesuit China missions for 22 years. He also was Titular Bishop of Eleutheropolis in Macedonia (1725–1741).

Life
Fouquet was born in Vézelay in a wealthy family. He studied at Lycée Louis le Grand in Paris. In 1681 he entered the order of the Jesuits. Four years later he taught mathematics. In 1693 he became a priest and in the following year he decided he wanted to volunteer in Asia. In 1699 he arrived in Amoy. Until 1711 he worked in Fujian and Jiangxi, then he was invited to Peking, to teach math and astronomy. He left hurriedly in 1720 with 1200 manuscripts. In Canton he had to wait one year for a French ship. He returned to Europe in 1722.

Fouquet had taken with him a Chinese man, named Jean Hu (Hu Ruowang 胡若望), who liked Paris and got lost in Quartier Latin. Hu preached for a while in the Chinese language in front of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis, attracting a crowd. Fouquet decided to go to Rome and planned to take Hu with him; Hu did not like to travel by stagecoach, got furious and preferred to go by foot. When Fouquet set off by himself, Hu was taken with a lettre de cachet to an asylum in Charenton, etc.

On 8 June 1723, Fouquet was received by Pope Innocent XIII. Fouquet met another Chinese in Rome, who offered him help with translating. In 1725 he was appointed as bishop of Eleutheropolis in Macedonia by Pope Benedict XIII, with Giovanni Francesco Nicolai, Titular Archbishop of Myra, and Giacinto Gaetano Chiurlia, Bishop of Giovinazzo, serving as co-consecrators.
He remained as Titular Bishop of Eleutheropolis in Macedonia until his death on 14 March 1741.

While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of Antoine-Joseph-Amable Feydeau, Bishop of Digne (1730); and Domenico Maria Salvini, Archbishop of Nachitschewan (1732).

He published the Tabula Chronologica Historiæ Sinicæ ("Chronological table of Chinese History"). Foucquet, a Figurist, endeavoured to show that the Book of changes (I Ching) anticipated the coming of Jesus Christ.

Works
De la Doctrine et des Livres des Chinois
Tabula Chronologica Historiæ Sinicæ Connexa cum Cyclo qui vulgo Kia-Tse dicitur

Notes

References
 John W. Witek S.J., Controversial ideas in China and in Europe: a biography of Jean-François Foucquet, S.J., (1665-1741), Institutum Historicum S.I., Roma, 1982
 David E. Mungello The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500-1800: 1500-1800 Rowman & Littlefield, 2005, ,
 Jean-Claude Martzloff, Jaques (FRW) Gernet, Jean (FRW) Dhombres A History of Chinese Mathematics, Springer, 2006 ,

1665 births
1741 deaths
17th-century French Jesuits
18th-century French Jesuits
Jesuit missionaries in China
Roman Catholic missionaries in China
French Roman Catholic bishops in Asia
French sinologists
18th-century French historians
French male non-fiction writers
French expatriates in China
French Roman Catholic missionaries
Bishops appointed by Pope Benedict XIII
Jesuit bishops


Vamsha Vriksha (The genealogy tree), is a 1971 Indian Kannada-language film directed by B. V. Karanth and Girish Karnad, based on S. L. Bhyrappa's novel of the same name. The film won the National Film Award for Best Direction. It also won three Filmfare Awards in 1972.

This film marked the film debut of actor Vishnuvardhan and actress Uma Shivakumar.
The film was later remade into Telugu in 1980 as Vamsa Vruksham starring Anil Kapoor in his debut in a lead role.

Plot
The story starts in 1924 with Kathyayani, widow of Nanjunda Shrothri, who lives with her in-laws Shrinivasa Shrothri and Bhagirathamma and their servant, Lakshmi, in Nanjangud. After the loss of her husband, Kathyayani did not take to a widow's garb as her mother-in-law wished because her father-in-law thought it would be too much for the young woman to bear. Shrothri, a scholar in Indian philosophy and the shastras, is occasionally visited by priests and professors for his opinion on an intricate problem in the scriptures. In one such event, Sadashiva Rao, a college lecturer in Mysore, visits Shrothri to discuss some matters of Indian philosophy. Listening to the two men talk, Kathyayani's thoughts turn to college. Despite a little protest from Bhagirathamma, Shrothri encourages his daughter-in-law to pursue her BA degree, which Nanjunda had been studying for before he had drowned in the nearby Kapila river. At the university, she meets the brother of Sadashiva Rao, Raja Rao, professor of Shakespearean drama and organiser of the Dramatics Club, with whom she falls in love.

Simultaneously, Sadashiva Rao embarks on a massive five-volume project that would detail the cultural history of India from the days of the Indus Valley Civilisation to present times. With an initial grant from Shrothri of Rs. 1,000 and funding from the Maharaja of Mysore, Sadashiva Rao embarks on a tour of India to visit various libraries, monuments, and archives to conduct his research. During his visit to Ajanta, he meets with a Sinhalese couple and their daughter, Karunaratne, a historian of Buddhism from Cambridge. Rao is enchanted by the woman's sharp mind and dedication to her research, and invites her to continue her studies at his university. Ratne takes Rao up on his offer as she has some admiration for his work, and over the course of her doctoral degree and work with him as his research assistant, falls in love with him.

Sadashiva Rao, already married to Nagalakshmi, is concerned that society will see his interaction with Ratne, which by now had become quite informal, as improper. He is also frustrated with his wife for not being able to take part in his intellectual life, which was all that mattered to him. Rao offers to marry Ratne despite his earlier marriage and live in a bigamous relationship. Ratne is hesitant at first, but only for a short while. She agrees, and the two get married. Needless to say, Nagalakshmi, a dutiful and loving wife, is devastated. Around the same time,  Rao's younger brother, Raja Rao marries Kathyayani. The widow wrestles with the notion of remarriage, especially as she is aware of the dishonour it will bring to the Shrothri family, but ultimately gives in to the material pleasures of a married life. Unable to face her dharmic father-in-law, she writes him a letter and departs from the house with just the clothes on her back. The Shrothri family is shocked, even more so as Kathyayani has abandoned even her four-year-old son for Raja Rao, but Shrothri goads them back to some level of equanimity after the catastrophe.

As the years pass, Nagalakshmi, despondent, finds peace in religion, and the old Shrothris continue the burden of domestic life, denied the pleasures of retirement, first by the death of their son and then by the abandonment by their daughter-in-law. Kathyayani, after the initial enjoyment of marital bliss, suffers three miscarriages and wonders if her fate might not be in some way a divine judgement on her actions. Similarly, Rao falls sick as he churns out volume after volume of his magnum opus. Ratne, who had framed her marriage to Rao in intellectual terms, loses both her parents to old age and begins to feel the pangs of motherhood. Unfortunately for her, Rao is quite weak, and any time spent on her pregnancy and maternity leave might mean that their five-volume project may remain incomplete.

One day, Kathyayani suddenly comes across her son in her English class – after her bachelor's, she had studied for an MA and become a teacher along with her new husband. Unable to restrain herself, she invites him home and inquires about his family. When he tells her that both his parents are dead, Kathyayani feels his rejection more keenly than had the boy hurled insults at her or demanded an explanation from her. Her health deteriorates due to her mental anguish, much to the worry of her doting husband. Rao also hovers near death as the strain of his work wears him down, as does the guilt of abandoning his first wife, Nagalakshmi.

In the meanwhile, sadness once again descends upon the Shrothri house with the passing of Bhagirathamma. Battered by fate, Shrothri barely manages to hold on to his mental calm. He decides that it is time he took sanyasa and begins to put his affairs in order. He arranges for his grandson to be married to the daughter of a  respected Sanskrit teacher in town, and bequeaths two acres of land to Lakshmi, who had served the Shrothri family from her father's days. In the midst of sorting out his papers, Shrothri finds an old letter addressed to his father, cursing the man for cheating his brother out of his share of the ancestral property. Shocked, the old man investigates the accusation. As an old tale of greed, jealousy, and other human weaknesses unfolds, Shrothri is aghast to find that his father was not Nanjunda Shrothri, but some priest who had been chased off after impregnating his mother. This had been arranged so that Nanjunda Shrothri Sr. would have an heir to whom he could pass the ancestral property to, without having it pass to his brother. Shrinivasa Shrothri decides to track down his uncle's descendants, but when any fail to turn up, he gives away all his property and wealth to needy people in the village. His grandson, Shrinivasa Shrothri Jr., is supportive of the decision, as he too would not like to taint himself with ill-gotten wealth.

In the closing act, Sadashiva Rao, racked with guilt, returns to live with both his wives under one roof. Within a day of his having made his peace, he passes away. He had just finished his five-volume work. Ratne, when she raises the topic of Rao's research with his son (from his first wife), Prithvi, informs her that he doesn't care for history or philosophy and that he is a science student. Shrothri leaves for his sanyas, but decides to visit his daughter-in-law to see her one last time – he hadn't seen her since she left around 20 years ago. As he enters the Rao house, Kathyayani, no longer her radiant, beautiful, self but a pale emaciated shell, is in her final moments. Shrothri sends for her son, his grandson, and is shocked to find out that the young man knew of his mother but had rejected her – he had hoped that the junior Shrothri would have been raised better. While they await the grandson's arrival, the old man is surprised to find out that Nagalakshmi's aunt was his wronged uncle's daughter. Shrothri Jr., or Cheeni as his mother called him so many years ago, enters, and as he tries to pour some water down his mother's throat, she too passes away. Ratne has made preparations to return home to Ceylon, and Shrinivasa Shrothri finally leaves for his sanyas, telling his grandson that his first duty now was to perform the death rituals for his mother.

Cast
 Venkatarao Thaligeri as Shrinivasa Shrotri
 L. V. Sharada as Kathyayini
 B. V. Karanth as Prof Sadashiva Rao
 Girish Karnad as Raja Rao
 Vishalam
 Goda Ramkumar
 Uma Shivakumar as Lakshmi
 Shantha
 Chandrashekar as Chinni
 Vishnuvardhan (credited as "Kumar")

Music
Bhaskar Chandavarkar scored the music for the film. The soundtrack had a single song "Mugila Thumba Bera Beelala" composed by him and written by B. V. Karanth.

Accolades

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

1970s Kannada-language films
1972 films
Films whose director won the Best Director National Film Award
Kannada films remade in other languages
Kannada literature
Films based on Indian novels
Best Kannada Feature Film National Film Award winners
1972 directorial debut films
Films directed by Girish Karnad


Sakurada Sadakuni is referred to in the Taiheiki as grand marshal in command of the Shogunate forces during the Kōzuke-Musashi Campaign.

References
 McCullough, Helen Craig (1959). "The Taiheiki. A Chronicle of Medieval Japan." 2003. Charles E. Tuttle Company, Tokyo, .
 Papinot, E. (1910). "Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan." 1972 Printing. Charles E. Tuttle Company, Tokyo, .

Notes

Samurai
People of Kamakura-period Japan


Christian Brothers College Fremantle is an Independent Catholic secondary school for young men, located in Ellen Street site, in the coastal community surrounding Fremantle, Western Australia. The school traces its origins back to 1882, and in 1901 management responsibility was assigned to members of the religious order of the Christian Brothers. Teaching students in the tradition of Edmund Rice, the college caters for day students from Years 7 to 12, however in the past it was technically all ages.

Christian Brothers College (CBC) is associated with Edmund Rice Education Australia (EREA) and has been a member of the Associated & Catholic Colleges of Western Australia (ACC) since its inception in 1937.

The college does not have an official sister school, but maintains good relations with both Iona Presentation College located in Mosman Park and Santa Maria College in Attadale.

History
The school's first building was opened in 1882 on High Street in the port town of Fremantle under the name Fremantle Catholic Boys' School in a building still standing on school grounds, which is now Blessed Edmund Chapel and used for College Liturgies and Masses. This building was constructed because the original school had outgrown St Patrick's Presbytery. The single story building was designed by a former Fenian convict, Joseph Nunan, an architect by profession who drew up the plans for the new school, and it was built using limestone. The foundation stone of Blessed Edmund Chapel was laid on 26 January 1882. The new school commenced with an enrolment of thirty primary-aged boys under the management of Otto De Grancy. It opened on 14 November 1883.

A change in the colony's Education Act in 1895 meant that all financial support for church-based schools was withdrawn. The recently arrived religious order of Christian Brothers was invited to take over the running of the parish school, and to establish a high school for the education of boys in the Fremantle area. In January 1901, the first group of brothers took charge of what was then known as St. Patrick's Boys' School. Thirty boys were enrolled but this number soon grew to ninety within four weeks. Soon afterwards, the High School opened with an enrolment of twenty-nine which soon rose to fifty-seven by the end of the year.

In 1905 a Public Schools Association was created in Western Australia which had only four members. Its purpose was to organise sporting contests between the schools but it also created an "elite" club as other similar schools were denied membership. CBC was a member with High School, Scotch College and Guildford Grammar School.

From 1901 to 1913, Christian Brothers' College Fremantle was one of half-a-dozen schools in Western Australia preparing students for public examinations for the University of Adelaide until the University of Western Australia opened in 1914 with two brother and two former CBC students among the first graduates.
In the last twenty years the school has become staffed by predominantly lay teachers, with 2002 seeing the appointment of the schools' first lay Principal, David McFadden. The years that followed saw CBC Fremantle undergo radical changes including the addition of a large gymnasium, new science labs, manual arts area, the renovation of the library, a new administration building and refurbishment of other key areas of the campus.

In October 2007, Edmund Rice Education Australia (EREA) took responsibility for the governance of CBC Fremantle along with forty other Edmund Rice schools, including Aquinas College and Trinity College.

Previous headmasters

House system
Like many other Australian schools CBC students are allocated to a house system, overseen by the head of house. Each of the six houses is named after a significant figure in the school community.

Campus
The school is located in the heart of Fremantle. One of the oldest schools in Western Australia, the property on Ellen Street houses the junior and senior school, and overlooks Fremantle Park. The college has three heritage listed buildings including the administration building in which the Christian Brothers once lived.

Co-curriculum

Sport
CBC Fremantle has been involved in the ACC Swimming, Athletics and Cross-County carnivals since its inception. Annually the interschool swimming team represent the college in the Quad Meet competing against Aquinas College, Hale School and Guildford Grammar School in preparation for the ACC "A" Division Carnival. Recent success includes winning the overall boys' shield at the ACC "A" Division Swimming, Cross Country and Athletics Carnivals.

CBC Fremantle Amateur Football Club
The CBC Old Boys Association fields 7 teams each Saturday to play against various other football clubs in the Western Australian Amateur Football League (WAAFL). The club was founded in 1932. It won the A Grade, A Reserves and A Colts Premiership treble in 2000 as well as grand final appearances in 2001, 2002 and 2003.

Arts
The arts department hosts a jazz orchestra, guitar ensembles, rock band and various other stage and concert bands throughout the different year groups.

Uniform
CBC has adopted a rather distinctive uniform that enables students to be easily recognised in the community. For all students in Years 7 to 11 the historic 'Victoria Grey' shirt is worn year round, in the summer terms (1 and 4) this is paired with dark grey shorts and grey socks with the school stripe. In the winter months (terms 2 and 3) students must wear the green blazer with matching green/bronze striped tie.
Year 12 students wear the same uniform, with the exception of a white shirt year round. The jazz orchestra wear a separate tie and when performing with a black blazer with bronze bands.

Notable alumni
Tony Barber  — television presenter, radio announcer & singer
Martin Cattalini — NBL player Perth Wildcats, Adelaide 36ers
Brian Ciccotosto — WAFL football player
Cory Dell'Olio — AFL footballer Essendon Football Club
Cameron Edwards — soccer player Reading F.C. and Perth Glory player.
Ryan Edwards — soccer player at Reading F.C. and Perth Glory player
John Gerovich — WAFL football player immortalised in the bronze sculpture outside Fremantle Oval
Oliver Goss — Professional golfer
George Grljusich — football commentator
Tom Grljusich — WAFL football player
John Hughes — Perth businessman
Stephen Jurica - AFL footballer Richmond Football Club; Barrister
Jim McGinty — MLA for Fremantle; Attorney General
Sam Menegola — AFL footballer Geelong Football Club
J. J. Miller — champion jockey and horse trainer
David Neesham — Olympic water polo player
Gerard Neesham — WAFL & VFL football player and inaugural Fremantle Football Club coach
Con Regan — WAFL football player
Frederick Samson — Mayor of Fremantle, 1951–1972
Jacob Surjan — AFL footballer Port Adelaide Football Club
Peter Tagliaferri — Mayor of Fremantle, 2001–2009

References

External links
Official Website
EREA Official Website
Old Boys' Association

Catholic schools in Western Australia
Catholic secondary schools in Perth, Western Australia
Educational institutions established in 1901
Congregation of Christian Brothers secondary schools in Australia
Heritage places in Fremantle
Ellen Street, Fremantle
State Register of Heritage Places in the City of Fremantle
1901 establishments in Australia


RTV Politika () was a major Serbian TV station, owned by Politika AD, that was on the air from June 28, 1990 until December 31, 2010.

It was founded on June 28, 1990 and it was a majority-owned subsidiary of the aforementioned Politika AD media company that solely dealt in print media up to that point. The station had its own broadcasting frequencies and transmitters that covered most of the territory of Serbia and more than 90% of the population of Serbia.

During NATO bombardment of FR Yugoslavia and afterward, the station has been known for broadcasting unlicensed copies of the latest Hollywood blockbusters. On March 31, 1999, TV Politika broadcast The Matrix two weeks before its official premiere in Serbia and Montenegro. On April 15, 2000 it broadcast a day-long movie marathon with the illegal copies of The World Is Not Enough, American Beauty, Eyes Wide Shut and Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace in order to divert public attention from the opposition protest rally in Belgrade against Slobodan Milošević. On July 12, 2004, the News programme "Dan" and some other programmes have dropped the Cyrillic script in favour of Latin script at the first time since launching.

The station didn't receive a new license and had to stop broadcasting terrestrially on December 8, 2006. Between 2006 and 2010 it was broadcasting over cable. On December 31, 2010 station was closed.

References

Defunct television networks
Television channels and stations established in 1990
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2006
Defunct mass media in Serbia
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2010


The North Coast Road () is a road 1,430 km in length, that connects Merak and Banyuwangi along the northern coast of Java, particularly between Jakarta and Surabaya.

The most part of Java north coast road was built during the reign of governor-general of the Dutch East Indies Herman Willem Daendels (1808–1811) and was originally known as the Great Post Road ( ).

History of construction

The Great Post Road was a military road which was built under the order of King Lodewijk Napoleon who ruled the Kingdom of Holland at that time. the road was intended to ease military support, e.g. transfer of soldiers, in order to defend Java from possible British invasion. It connects Anyer in western end and Panarukan in eastern end of Java. After Daendels rule, the eastern road was later extended to Banyuwangi. The Java Great Post Road consist the most parts of present Java North Coast Road. However the original post road is runs through Preanger (Priangan, West Java) highland, from Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) went south to Buitenzorg (Bogor), and went east to Cianjur, Bandung, Sumedang, and Cirebon. The current north coast road runs through coastal northern West Java which built later after the construction of Daendels' post road. It connects Bekasi, Karawang, Pamanukan, and Cirebon.

Most of today national road network in Java was built during Dutch East Indies era. However, during Suharto era around the 1980s, the toll road network system was introduced within the whole Java transportation network. The Java toll network highway is continuously expanded, and today some of these toll roads formed Java north coast road.

Extent

As the Great Post Road, it originally ran from Anyer in the west of Java to Panarukan in the east, but was later extended to Banyuwangi. In its current form the North Coast Road runs through five provinces: Banten, DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java and East Java. The port of Merak forms the western terminus, connecting with Bakauheni in Sumatra, the southern end of the Trans-Sumatran Highway. The eastern end is situated at Ketapang with connections to Gilimanuk in Bali. Sections of the North Coast Road are going to be part of the 13,177 km  route of the Asian Highway Network route, which links Denpasar, Bali with Khosravi, Iran, since some of the  is still under construction.  is a freeway limited to vehicles having at least 4 wheels. The North Coast Road also comprises , which is open to any vehicle.

Cities
The road connects the largest cities in Java, including Jakarta, Cilegon, Tangerang, Bekasi, Cirebon, Tegal, Pekalongan, Semarang, Rembang, Tuban, Surabaya, Pasuruan, Probolinggo and Banyuwangi.

Toll roads

The traffic of North Coast Road is gradually easing by the Trans-Java toll road and its complement toll roads.
 Tangerang–Merak Toll Road (Banten)
 Jakarta–Tangerang Toll Road (Banten)
 Jakarta Outer Ring Road (DKI Jakarta)
 Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road (West Java)
 Cikopo–Palimanan Toll Road (West Java)
 Palimanan–Kanci Toll Road (West Java)
 Kanci–Pejagan Toll Road (Central Java)
 Pejagan–Pemalang Toll Road (Central Java)
 Pemalang–Batang Toll Road (Central Java)
 Batang–Semarang Toll Road (Central Java)
 Semarang Toll Road (Central Java)
 Semarang–Solo Toll Road (Central Java)
 Solo–Kertosono Toll Road (Central Java)
 Kertosono–Mojokerto Toll Road (East Java)
 Surabaya–Mojokerto Toll Road (East Java)
 Surabaya–Gempol Toll Road (East Java)
 Gempol–Pasuruan Toll Road (East Java)
 Pasuruan–Probolinggo Toll Road (East Java)
 Probolinggo–Banyuwangi Toll Road (East Java)

Volume and hazards
This road is a major route for land transportation, being used by a range of 20,000 to 70,000 vehicles daily. The state of the road varies in condition, which can seriously affect traffic-flow.

The North Coast Road is a major artery during the celebration of the Lebaran holiday, where transit is primarily west to east.

In Cikampek, there is a branch to Bandung (and cities of West Java in the southern part). In Tegal, there is a branch to Purwokerto (and the cities of Central Java in the southern part). In Semarang, there is a branch to east (Surabaya-Banyuwangi) and to the south (Solo-Madiun).

References

Highways in Indonesia
Transport in Java
Asian Highway Network


Federal Route 1283, or Jalan Utama Palong, is a Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) federal roads in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. It is the main road to link the FELDA settlements of Palong area to Federal Routes 10 and 11.

At most sections, the Federal Route 1283 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 90 km/h.

List of junctions and towns

Malaysian Federal Roads


"Three years she grew in sun and shower" is a poem composed in 1798 by the English poet William Wordsworth, and first published in the Lyrical Ballads collection which was co-written with his friend and fellow poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. As one of the five poems that make up the "Lucy series," the work describes the relationship between Lucy and nature using words and sentiments. The author creates an impression of the indifference of nature as the poem progresses. The care with which Nature had sculpted Lucy, and then casually let her "race" end, reflects Wordsworth's view of the harsh reality of life. Although Nature is indifferent, it also cares for Lucy enough to both sculpt and mould her into its own. Wordsworth valued connections to nature above all else. The poem thus contains both epithalamic and elegiac characteristics; the marriage described is between Lucy and nature, while her human lover is left to mourn in the knowledge that death has separated her from mankind, and she will forever now be with nature.

Notes

Bibliography
 Eilenberg, Susan. Strange Power of Speech: Wordsworth, Coleridge and Literary Possession. Oxford University Press USA, 1992.
 Grob, Alan. The Philosophic Mind: A Study of Wordsworth's Poetry and Thought 1797–1805. Columbus: Ohio State University, 1973.
 Jones, Mark. The 'Lucy Poems': A Case Study in Literary Knowledge. Toronto:The University of Toronto Press, 1995.

External links

Biography and Works of William Wordsworth

Poetry by William Wordsworth
1798 poems


Hanuš Wihan (5 June 1855 – 1 May 1920) was a Czech cellist. Some considered him the greatest of his time. He was strongly associated with the works of Antonín Dvořák, whose Cello Concerto in B minor, Rondo in G minor, and the short piece Silent Woods were all dedicated to him. He was the founder and later cellist of the Czech String Quartet, which was world-famous throughout its 40-year existence.

Early life
Hanuš Wihan was born in Police nad Metují and studied with František Hegenbarth (1881–1887) at the Prague Conservatory from the age of 13, finishing his studies with Karl Davydov at the St. Petersburg Conservatory. He became a teacher at the Mozarteum in Salzburg at 18. He joined the private orchestra of a Russian patron in Nice and Lugano, then went to Benjamin Bilse’s orchestra in Berlin (the forerunner of the Berlin Philharmonic) for a year, where the leader was his compatriot Karel Halíř; then to Prince Schwarzenburg's orchestra in Sondershausen, where he became a close friend of Franz Liszt, and to the court orchestra in Munich, in which Franz Strauss was the first horn. He remained in Munich for eight years, joining the circles of Hans von Bülow, Richard Wagner (who hired him to play at the Bayreuth Festival) and Franz Strauss's son Richard. Richard Strauss dedicated is String Quartet in A, Op. 2 to Wihan and the other members of the Walter String Quartet (Benno Walter, Michael Steiger and Anton Thoms). who had given it its first performance. Strauss also dedicated to Wihan his Cello Sonata in F, Op. 6 (which Wihan premiered in Nuremberg on 8 December 1883). He also wrote the Romance for Cello and Orchestra for Wihan, but did not dedicate it to him; Wihan premiered it on 15 February 1884 in Baden-Baden.

By this time Hanuš Wihan was married to Dora (née Weis), a pianist from Dresden. Dora fell in love with Richard Strauss, who was five years younger than she. There is no evidence that the affair was consummated or was ever going to be, but Wihan was very jealous by nature and it led to Dora's and Hanuš's marriage breaking up. He then returned to his alma mater in Prague.

Work
He had a highly successful career as a virtuoso and teacher, succeeding his teacher Hegenbarth in 1888, and toured widely as a soloist and a chamber musician, particularly in Russia from 1894. Tchaikovsky heard him perform in a concert in Prague in 1888 and offered to help arrange some appearances in Russia. He also frequently sought advice from Karl Davydov, and maintained regular correspondence with both Davydov and Tchaikovsky.

In 1891 Hanuš Wihan formed the Bohemian String Quartet with violinists Karel Hoffmann and Josef Suk, and violist Oskar Nedbal – all pupils of Antonín Bennewitz – and his own cello pupil Otakar Berger. He did not play with them at first, but instilled in them his own ideas and managed their appearances. In 1892 the name Czech String Quartet was adopted. Wihan filled the void when Otakar Berger fell ill in 1893 and joined the ensemble permanently after Berger's death in 1897. The Quartet toured in many European countries, became strongly associated with Bedřich Smetana's String Quartet No. 1 in E minor From My Life, and Sergei Taneyev in Russia was particularly impressed, played with them on various occasions, and dedicated his 4th String Quartet to them.

In 1892 Wihan went on a five-month tour of Czech towns with Antonín Dvořák and Ferdinand Lachner, during which Dvořák wrote the Rondo in G minor, which Wihan premiered in Chrudim. The trio also premiered Dvořák's Dumky Trio (1891).

Wihan had asked Dvořák to write a cello concerto for him, but the composer had always maintained a concerto was not the best way of displaying a cello's strengths, as it would be swamped by the orchestra. However, in 1894-95, Dvořák wrote the Cello Concerto in B minor in New York City, with Hanuš Wihan's playing in mind. Wihan made various suggestions for improvement, some of which Dvořák accepted. But he would not accept Wihan's suggested cadenza for the final movement as it clashed with his idea of the movement as a tribute to his seriously ill sister-in-law. It was intended that Wihan would perform the premiere of the work in London on 19 March 1896, but his contractual obligations with the Czech String Quartet clashed with the only possible date for the premiere. The soloist was the little-known Leo Stern. There was no truth to a rumour that the two men had any sort of falling out over the matter. Wihan did perform the concerto in The Hague (under Willem Mengelberg, or Dvořák), Amsterdam and Budapest (the last under the composer's baton), and he took part in the premiere of Dvořák's G major Quartet, Op. 106, that year. Dvořák's original score, before it was altered with Wihan's suggested changes, has been described as "much more musical", and this version has been performed from time to time.

Wihan had been playing with the Czech String Quartet for some years, and in the latter stages of his career he reduced his appearances as soloist and chamber musician and appeared with the Quartet exclusively. In 1906 Lionel Tertis worked with the Quartet, and noticed Wihan's habit of spitting on the floor during rehearsals. He retired in 1914, but arranged to be paid 20 per cent of the Quartet's earnings until his death. He was replaced in the Quartet by Ladislav Zelenka. In 1919, on the reorganization of the Prague Conservatory, he was appointed professor of chamber music and professor of the cello, and retained these posts until his death the following year. His pupils included Artur Krása, Otakar Berger, Jan Burian, Julius Junek, Rudolf Pavlata, Maxmilian Škvor and Bedřich Vaska.

He died aged 64 on 1 May 1920, the exact anniversary of Dvořák's death in 1904.

In 1985 the Wihan Quartet was established in memory of Hanuš Wihan by members of the Prague Academy.

References

Sources
 Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 5th ed., 1954

1855 births
1920 deaths
Musicians from Austria-Hungary
Czech classical cellists
Czech music educators
People from Náchod District
Prague Conservatory alumni


, also known as Kojima Domain,  was a Japanese domain of the Edo period.  It was located in Suruga Province in what is now part of modern-day Shimizu Ward of the city of Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture.

History
In May 1689, Matsudaira Nobunari, the adopted son of the castellan of Sunpu Castle, and a wakadoshiyori in the Tokugawa Shogunate was elevated from his former hatamoto status of 4000 koku, to daimyō status of 10,000 koku, and assigned the territory of Ojima, to the east of Sunpu, to be his domain. He was also authorized to start his own branch of the Matsudaira clan, the .

During the period of the 4th daimyō, Matsudaira Masanobu, the domain faced bankruptcy, which he attempted to resolve with such a large increase in taxes that its peasants rose in a revolt in 1768. Fiscal problems continued over the years, with the 8th daimyō, Matsudaira Nobumoto publishing a tract attempting the explain to both his retainers and his peasants on the need for high taxes and fiscal restraint. The 9th daimyō, Matsudaira Nobuyuki, made all industry within the domain a government monopoly, and sold off permits to raise money.

During the Bakumatsu period, the 11th (and final) daimyō, Matsudaira Nobutoshi, sided with the new Meiji government in the Boshin War of 1867. The domain was abolished with the creation of Shizuoka Domain for the retired ex-Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu, and Nobutoshi was transferred to the newly formed Sakurai Domain in Kazusa province in July 1869.

Ojima jin'ya
The site of the Ojima jin'ya is located on a river terrace on the right bank of the Okitsu River at an elevation of 60 meters, overlooking the road to Mount Minobu and Kai Province. Altogether Ojma Domain was only 20,000 koku and was thus not permitted a castle, the stone ramparts were constructed in the same manner as a small Japanese castle and reach the height of four meters in places. After the Meiji restoration, the jin'ya building was used as an elementary school before it was demolished in 1928. The site was later used for a public hall by Ojima village. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1979.

Holdings at the end of the Edo period
As with most domains in the han system, Ojima Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned kokudaka, based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields. All of the domain's territory was within Suruga Province.

 13 villages in Ihara District
 12 villages in Abe District
  6 villages in Udo District

List of daimyō
  Matsudaira (Takiwaki) clan, 1704-1868 (fudai; 10,000 koku)

{| class=wikitable
! #||Name || Tenure || Courtesy title || Court Rank
|-
||1||||1689–1690||Tajima-no-kami (但馬守) || Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)
|-
||2||||1690–1724||Shimotsuke-no-kami (下野守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)
|-
||3||||1724–1731||Awa-no-kami (安房守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)
|-
||4||||1731–1771||Awa-no-kami (安房守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)
|-
||5||||1771–1800||Tamba-no-kami (丹波守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)
|-
||6||||1800–1815||Awa-no-kami (安房守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)
|-
||7||||1815–1836||Tango-no-kami (丹後守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)
|-
||8||||1836–1851||Tango-no-kami (丹後守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)
|-
||9||||1851–1863||Tango-no-kami (丹後守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)
|-
||10||||1863–1864||Tango-no-kami (丹後守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)
|-
||11||||1864–1868||Tango-no-kami (丹後守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)
|-
|}

Matsudaira Nobunari
 was the 1st daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was a younger son of Matsudaira Tsukenobu of Sasayama Domain and was adopted by his great-uncle, Matsudaira Shigenobu, who was the 6000 koku Sunpu jōdai in 1671. He rose through various minor positions within the shogun administration and by 1689 had amassed 10,000 koku, which qualified him for the rank of daimyō. However, he died in 1690 at the age of 36.  His wife was a daughter of Matudaira Norimasa of Komoro Domain. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Nobuharu
 was the 2nd daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the son of Toda Shigetsuna, a 6400 koku hatamoto and his mother was the younger sister of Matsudaira Nobunari. He was posthumously adopted on Nobunari's death, becoming daimyō in 1690. He moved the jin'ya to its present location in Ojima, so technically, he is actually the 1st daimyō of Ojima Domain. He served in the shogunate administration as a page, and later as Obangashira. His wife was a daughter of Tamura Tatsuaki of Ichinoseki Domain; however, both of his sons died in childhood. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Nobutaka
 was the 3rd daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the sixth son of Matsudaira Nabutsune of Sasayama Domain, the brother sister of Matsudaira Nobunari. He was adopted by Matsudaira Nobuharu in 1721 and became daimyō  on Nobuharu's death in 1724. During his brief tenure he attempted to improve on the domain's financial situation by aggressively collecting taxes, but to no avail. He died in 1731 at the age of 22. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Shigenobu
, also known as Matsudaira Masanobu was the 4th daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was born in Ojima the eldest son of Matsudaira Nobutaka. He became daimyō in 1731. During his   tenure he attempted to improve on the domain's financial situation by aggressively collecting taxes, opening new rice lands, increasing corvee labor, to the extent that when he was away as Osaka kaban in 1764, the peasants of the domain rose in revolt. He was forced to curtail the reform program in 1765. His wife was a daughter of Matsudaira Tadataka of Anegasaki Domain. His grave is at the temple of Ryoshin-ji in Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka.

Matsudaira Nobunori
, also known as Matsudaira Masanobu was the 6th daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the eldest son of Hori Naotaka of Muramatsu Domain and was adopted as heir by marriage to Matsudaira Shigenobu's daughter. He became daimyō in 1771 on Shigenobu's death. During his  tenure, a popular Kibyōshi was published in Edo by Koikawa Harumachi which was highly satirical of the shogunal administration. This came to the attention of the authorities, who discovered that "Koikawa Tarumachi" was a pen-name for Kurahashi Itaru, one of Nobunori's senior retainers. Nobunari was forced to retire in 1800 and died a year later. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Nobukado
 was the 6th daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the eldest son of Matsudaira Nobunori and became daimyō in 1780 on his father's forced retirement. He was a noted author. He retired in 1815. His wife was a daughter of Ooka Tadayoshi of Iwatsuki Domain. He died in 1820 at the age of 45. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Nobutomo
 was the 7th daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the eldest son of Matsudaira Nobukado and became daimyō in 1815 on his father's retirement. He published tomes asking for cooperation between the samurai and peasants for fiscal reforms of the domain. Citing ill heath, he retired in 1836. His wife was a daughter of Aoyama Yukitaka of Gujō Domain. he died in 1848 and the age of 52. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Nobumasu
 was the 8th daimyō of Ojima Domain.  He was the sixth son of Matsudaira Nobuyuki of Kameyama Domain and was adopted as heir via marriage to a daughter of Matsudaira Nobutomo. He became daimyō in 1836 on Matsudaira Nobutomo's retirement. During his tenure, the domain had to cope with the effects of the Tenpō famine. He retired in 1851 and died in 1873 at the age of 66.  His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Nobuyuki
 was the 9th daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the second son of Matsudaira Naritsune of Matsue Domain and was married to a daughter Matsudaira Nobuyuki of Kameyama Domain. When Matsudaira Nobumasu retired in 1851, he was adopted as heir and became daimyō of Ojima. During his tenure, over concerns of foreign invasion raised by the Perry Expedition, he did what he could increase the domain's meagre military capability. He died in 1863 at the age of 51.  His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Matsudaira Nobufumi
 was the 10th daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the third son of Matsudaira Nobutomo and became  daimyō in 1863 on the sudden death of Matsudaira Nobuyuki. However, he died only a year later at the age of 19. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

Takiwaki Nobutoshi
 was the 11th (and final) daimyō of Ojima Domain. He was the ninth son of Naitō Yoriyasu of Takatō Domain and was adopted posthumously as heir to Matsudaira Nobufumi in 1864. The domain played no part the Boshin War. After the Meiji restoration, Tokugawa Yoshinobu was granted Suruga Domain, and Nobutoshi was ordered to transfer to the newly created Sakurai Domain in Kazusa Province with the same kokudaka in 1868. He changed his surname from "Matsudaira" to "Takiwaki" to distance himself from the former regime. The new jin'ya was completed in 1869, and he resided in Kazusa as Imperial Governor of Sakurai until the abolition of the han system in 1871. In 1879 he was sent as a government official to Okinawa Prefecture. In 1884 he was elevated to viscount (shishaku) in the new kazoku peerage system. He died in 1887 at the age of 37. His grave is at the temple of Eishin-ji in Shitaya, Taito, Tokyo.

See also
 List of Han
List of Historic Sites of Japan (Shizuoka)

References

External links
 "Ojima" at Edo 300
Shizuoka city home page

Domains of Japan
1689 establishments in Japan
1868 disestablishments in Japan
Suruga Province
Matsudaira clan
Historic Sites of Japan


() was a Mexican anarchist newspaper that functioned as the official organ of the Mexican Liberal Party. Founded by the Flores Magón brothers in 1900, it was forced to move to the United States in 1905. Jesús Flores Magón published the paper (along with Anselmo Figueroa, a leading member of the party), while his brothers Ricardo and Enrique contributed articles. The Spanish edition of  was edited by Ricardo, and the English version by W. C. Owen and Alfred G. Santleben.

The first era of  focused on denouncing figures of authority through stories contributed by the newspaper's readership. This era ended due to its criticism on the Diaz administration. The second era witnessed increased cooperation and readership as well as the addition of an English section.

The newspaper managed to reach a wide audience, both inside and outside of Mexican borders, thanks to assistance from militants and supporters. In fact, the newspaper found its way into regions such as Canada and Europe.

 covered an array of themes including anti-clericalism, anti-authoritarianism, and anti-capitalism.

Overview
It was a major source of reports and analysis on the Mexican Revolution and Spanish-speaking America, sharply critical of the United States and Mexican governments which collaborated in repressing the publication. In 1916, for example, Magón was arrested by the US government on orders of Mexican President Venustiano Carranza for mailing "indecent" material.

In September 1910,  published the stories of three 1908 revolutionary episodes, in which the Mexican journalist and insurgent leader Práxedis Guerrero described PLM attacks on the settlements of Las Vacas (modern-day Ciudad Acuña, Coahuila), Viesca, Coahuila, and Puerto Palomas, Chihuahua, intended to spark a social revolution across Mexico.

Magón's conviction under the Espionage Act of 1917 in August 1918 marked the end of .

History
Due to the periods of imprisonment faced by the Magon brothers throughout their careers,  experienced scattered phases of publication. Its initial phase, following the publication of its first issue on August 17, 1900, only lasted 14 months. Yet, the Magon brothers successfully bolstered the newspaper's popularity in this short time frame by presenting their print as a form of denunciation against figures of authority. Surprisingly, the newspaper managed to keep its audience engaged without the need of reporters. It managed to do so by adapting stories submitted by readers who wanted to denounce bureaucratic misdeeds. Following Diaz's 6th consecutive term,  changed its approach from one criticizing the justice system of Mexico as a whole to one directly attacking the shortcomings of the Diaz administration. This decision inevitably led to the end of 's first debut.

The year 1910 marked a new era for  as it witnessed a surge in cooperation and readership. With the help of figures such as John Kenneth Turner, Antonio Villarreal, and Praxdeis Guerrero, among many others, the newspaper was able to encompass an array of topics that linked to the goals of the Liberal Party. Some examples include descriptions of the prison conditions to which some members of the party were exposed to, such as those of Arizona, or stories of revolutionary martyrs. Around this time, the newspaper also added an English section, a sign that  and its cause were sparking the interest of American and foreign audiences. Consisting of a page or less of articles, the English section of  attempted to appeal to its foreign audiences by justifying the Mexican Liberal Party's desire to escape a despotic government and better the condition of Mexico. This can be seen in the issue from September 3, 1910, where one of the articles, entitled "The Platform of the Mexican Liberal Party", states a total of 52 reforms that the party wished to enact in Mexico. These include changes such as reducing the presidential period in office to 4 years, the creation of more primary schools, and the prohibition of child labor until the age of 14. One of the suggested reforms, following in the footsteps of the United States' Chinese Exclusion Act, was to prohibit Chinese immigration into Mexico

Dissemination of
As a publication,  was an essential tool for the PLM to secure a following and financial support. Even with authorities keeping close watch over the organization, members of the PLM were able to disseminate issues of  across Mexico and the United States. They achieved this with the help of militants and supporters, such as railway workers, who transported the issues to major population hubs. Thanks to this network, issues with over 20,000 copies were successfully delivered to readers of . In fact, the PLM's dissemination/propaganda efforts managed to reach Canada, Latin America, and Europe.

Themes
As an anarchist newspaper,  covered a wide range of topics representative of this movement including inclinations that were anti-religious, anti-capitalist, and anti-authority. In a speech at El Monte, California, Richardo Flores Magon went as far as to state that he found these inclinations to embody Mexico's revolutionary history.

Anti-Clericalism
Some articles found within the pages of  expressed an anti-religious sentiment. For example, in the newspaper's issue for November 29, 1913, the opening article, "" (The Infamy of the Gods), attempts to discredit the stance of the Catholic church by contrasting the institution's supportive attitude towards figures of authority to its disapproval of Mexican revolutionaries. Quoting directly from a Catholic-Mexican newspaper, , the article argues that while revolutionaries, such as the Zapatistas, are seen as "" (savages and robbers), the atrocities of officials (and their armies) are deemed heroic. Meanwhile, the Catholic church justifies its own actions as "" (obedience to a celestial mandate)

Anti-Authoritarianism
Some of the editions of  convey the newspaper's inclinations through excerpts and caricatures. This can be seen in the issue of  from September 10, 1910, which includes an excerpt from the book "" (Preludes of the fight) and a section titled "" (The Cartoon of the Day). In the excerpt, a man carrying an ax enters the palace of a monarch "" (stained with blood and tears). The monarch is bewildered by the presence of this man. He asks the man if he has committed any crimes and if he knows who he is. The man responds that he knows who the monarch is and that while he would be able to live if it weren't for the monarch, the monarch would not be able to live without him. The man then states that his crimes are as much his own as they are the monarch's. The dialogue between the two characters ends with the two figures realizing that their relationship as despot and subordinate makes them inseparable. As a whole, this excerpt conveys a discontent towards despotic governments. The caricature included in this same edition of Regeneración reinforces this theme. The caricature is described as a representation of President Diaz turning the lever on the crusher of despotism. Underneath the crusher are six hands representing, "" (individual guarantees, justice, the constitution, the free press, suffrage, and financial integrity).

See also
Magonism
Anarchism in Mexico
Anarchism in the United States
John Creaghe
List of anarchist periodicals
Workers Party of Acapulco
Librado Rivera

References

External links

Anarchist newspapers
Defunct newspapers published in Mexico
1900 establishments in Mexico
1900 disestablishments in the United States
Magonism
Newspapers established in 1900
Publications disestablished in 1918
Porfiriato


Koi no Jubaku (恋の呪縛) (Love's Spell) is the fifth single by Berryz Kobo. It was released on November 10, 2004.

The single entered the Oricon Daily Singles Chart at number 6.

Details
 Main vocalists: Miyabi Natsuyaki, Momoko Tsugunaga, Risako Sugaya (center), Yurina Kumai

Track listing
  (Music and lyrics: Tsunku. Arrangement: Hirata Shouichirou)
  (Music and lyrics: Tsunku. Arrangement: Hirata Shouichirou)
 "Koi no Jubaku" (Instrumental)

PV versions
 Normal PV
 Smile Ver. (スマイル Ver.)

References

External links
 Koi no Jubaku entry on the Up-Front Works official website

2004 singles
Songs written by Tsunku
Berryz Kobo songs
Song recordings produced by Tsunku
2004 songs
Piccolo Town singles
Torch songs
Techno songs


Hamsageethe (, The Swan song) is a 1975 Indian feature film in the Kannada language. It was directed by G. V. Iyer, based on a novel by T. R. Subba Rao  with Anant Nag and Rekha Rao in lead roles.

The film won 2 National Film Awards; the National Film Award for Kannada film and National Award for Best Male Playback singer (M. Balamuralikrishna) at the 23rd National Film Awards.

Hamsa Geethe, the novel by Ta Ra Su was made into a Hindi film, Basant Bahar in 1956. The novel is supposedly based on the real-life story of the 18th-century Carnatic musician Bhairavi Venkatasubbaiah.

Cast
 Anant Nag as  Bhairavi Venkatasubbiah
 M. V. Narayana Rao
 Rekha Rao
 G. S. Rama Rao
 B. V. Karanth
 Mysore Mutt
 Vasudev Girimaji
 G. V. Iyer
RS Krishnaswamy as Tipu Sultan

Awards
 23rd National Film Awards
 Best Feature Film in Kannada
 Best Male Playback singer - M. Balamuralikrishna
 Karnataka State Film Awards 1975-76
 Second Best Film
 Best Music Director -  M. Balamuralikrishna, B. V. Karanth
 Best Cinematographer - Nemai Ghosh
This film screened at 11th IFFI for 50 years of playback singing.

Notes

External links

1970s Kannada-language films
1975 films
Kannada literature
Best Kannada Feature Film National Film Award winners
Films based on Indian novels
Films directed by G. V. Iyer
Films scored by M. Balamuralikrishna


"All You Did Was Save My Life" is the first single from Our Lady Peace's seventh studio album Burn Burn. The single was released in Canada on May 25, 2009 and in the US on June 9, 2009.

Music video
The music video, directed by Scott Weintrob was shot in Ancaster, a community in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada and was released on May 24. Actress Shenae Grimes made an appearance in the video alongside fellow Canadian, model Ronnie Flynn.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

External links

2009 singles
Our Lady Peace songs
Songs written by Raine Maida
2009 songs
Songs written by Zac Maloy


The Jukunoid languages are a branch of the Benue-Congo languages spoken by the Jukun and related peoples of Nigeria and Cameroon. They are distributed mostly throughout Taraba State, Nigeria and surrounding regions.

Their asymmetrical nasal consonants are atypical for West Africa, as can be seen in Wapan.

External relationships
Gerhardt (1983) and Güldemann (2018) suggest that Jukunoid may actually be part of the Plateau languages, as it shares similarities with various Plateau groups, especially Tarokoid. However, Blench (2005) argues that Jukunoid is clearly separate from Plateau.

Classification
The following classification is from Glottolog; the Kororofa branch has been added from Ethnologue (Glottolog classifies the Kororofa languages as Jukun):
Kuteb
Central
Kpan–Icen: Etkywan (Icen), Kpan
Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo
Jukun: Jukun (Jukun Takum), Jibu, Hõne, Wãpha, Jan Awei
Kororofa: Wannu, Wapan, Jiba
Mbembe (Tigon)
Wurbo: Como Karim, Jiru, Shoo-Minda-Nye
Ethnologue adds the Yukubenic branch of the Plateau languages as part of a Yukubenic-Kuteb group based on Shimizu (1980), and Blench also follows this classification. Ethnologue also leaves the Wurbo language Shoo-Minda-Nye as unclassified within Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo, and includes the unclassified Benue–Congo language Tita in its place.

Lau was also recently reported by Idiatov (2017).

Names and locations
Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).

Numerals
Comparison of numerals in individual languages:

See also
List of Proto-Jukunoid reconstructions (Wiktionary)

Further reading
Shimizu, Kiyoshi. 1980. Comparative Jukunoid, 3 vols. (Veröffentlichungen der Institute für Afrikanistik und Ägyptologie der Universität Wien 7–9. Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5–7). Vienna: Afro-Pub.

References

External links
ComparaLex, database with Jukunoid word lists

Benue–Congo languages


Geraldine Ann Davies (born 13 May 1946) is an English former cricketer who played primarily as a right-handed batter. She appeared in five One Day Internationals for Young England at the 1973 World Cup. She played domestic cricket for Surrey.

References

External links

1946 births
Living people
English women cricketers
Cricketers from Reading, Berkshire
Young England women cricketers
Surrey women cricketers


Lello Voce (born in Naples, Italy, in 1957) is an Italian poet, writer, and journalist. He was among the founders of Gruppo 93 and of the six-monthly literary magazine Baldus. He lives and works in Treviso, Veneto.

Career

Written work and poetry
Voce published Singin’ Napoli cantare in 1982, Musa! in 1995, and I segni i suoni le cose in 1996.

His first novel, Eroina was published in 1999. He wrote all of his second novel, Cucarachas, live online at www.raisatzoom.it, and it was published in 2002 by DeriveApprodi.

His poetry collection, Farfalle da combattimento, was published in 1999 by Bompiani, part of the InVersi series edited by Aldo Nove. The release includes an audio CD with his readings and music by Paolo Fresu and Frank Nemola, and is illustrated with six drawings by Silvio Merlino.

Lai was published in 2007 by edizioni d'if, and his novels were republished by No Reply in the same year, collected under the title Il Cristo elettrico.

L'esercizio della lingua, a selected anthology of his poetry from 1991 to 2008, was published in September 2008 by Le Lettere of Florence, accompanied by an audio/DVD dual disc.

Voce's poems, short stories and essays have been published in newspapers, magazines, and poetry collections in Italy and abroad, and he has taken part in readings and performances at festivals around the world. His work has been translated into French, English, Spanish, Catalan, Japanese, German, Brazilian Portuguese (by Haroldo De Campos) and Arabic (by Joumana Haddad).

Other activities
In 2000, with Nanni Balestrini, Paolo Fabbri, and Sergio Spina, Voce co-wrote the TV programme The Navel of the World, which broadcast from October of that year. In 2003 he wrote the script for Places/NonPlaces (Sky TV / TV Cult) with Adriana Polveroni.

As a literary critic he has written for a number of publications on post-modernism in literature, the relationship between poetry and vocalization, cooperating with magazines such as Baldus, Allegoria, Testuale, La Taverna di Auerbach, and DeriveApprodi. His essay "Avant-Garde and Tradition" is included in the international collectanea Experimental-Visual-Concrete. Avant-Garde Poetry since the 1960s.

In 2005 he edited and introduced the first Italian anthology of Haroldo de Campos' work, L'educazione dei cinque sensi, with notes by Augusto de Campos and Umberto Eco.

Voce was the artistic coordinator of the International Venezia Poesia Festival in 1996, directed by Nanni Balestrini. In the same year he cooperated with the Italian Culture Institute of Sao Paulo, Brazil to organize the Italian space at the 14th Book Biennial, the most important book fair in South America. He worked for UNESCO as Project Leader and Artistic Director of the international rap and hip-hop culture festival Verona Rap (1998). He was Artistic Director of the 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 editions of the Romapoesia International Festival, as well as the first Italian Poetry Festival in Japan in Tokyo in 2001, along with Nanni Balestrini and Luigi Cinque. Since 2005 he has been artistic director of the International Poetry Festival of Monfalcone.

He has been a columnist for the cultural pages of L'Unità, the Giornale di Sardegna, the newspapers of the E-Polis Group, and the monthly magazine Kult.

Along with Giacomo Verde, Voce edited the book Solo Limoni, on the events of the G8 summit in Genoa in 2001, and produced, together with the Radio Sherwood team, Il buio su Piazza Alimonda, a counter-inquiry into Carlo Giuliani's murder. He collaborated with Verde again to produce the net art work QWERTYU for the website of the international architecture magazine Domus.

Awards and recognition
In 2003, Voce was awarded the Delfini Poetry Award for L'esercizio della lingua (with original drawings by Sandro Chia, Mazzoli editore).

The verses of the latter sylloge were set to music by Frank Nemola and published in his first CD, Fast Blood, (MRF5 musical editions, distributed by SELF – in cooperation with musicians Paolo Fresu, Michael Gross, Luigi Cinque and Luca Sanzò.

He was the first to introduce Poetry Slams in Italy and he was the first EmCee to organize and lead an international Poetry Slam with poets of no less than seven different languages (Romapoesia, 2002, Big Torino 2002)

In 2002 the German satellite station DWelle dedicated a special programme to his work.

References

External links
 lellovoce.it

1957 births
Gruppo 63
Italian poets
Italian male poets
Living people


Choros or Tsoros (, ; ) was the ruling clan of the  Ööld and Dörbet Oirat and once ruled the whole Four Oirat. They founded the Dzungar Khanate in the 17th century. Their chiefs reckoned their descent from a boy nourished by a sacred tree.

History
In the late 14th century, the Oirats emerged as the dominant power opposing the Khalkha Mongols. The ruling clan of the Four Oirat was Choros at the time. Under their leadership, the Western Mongols established Dzungar Khanate.

In 1455 other Oirat tribes overthrew the Choros Khan, Esen Taishi, who had enthroned himself Khagan of the Mongols. About 1620 the Choros scattered after bitter fighting with the Altan Khan of the Khalkha. The Khalkha and southwestern Inner Mongolian princes repeatedly raided them from 1552 to 1628, forcing them to migrate further west. Some of the Choros fled with a group of the Dörbet Oirat northward into Siberia and present-day Barnaul. But they crushed the Khalkha Altan Khan; and made an alliance with the northern Khalkhas in 1640.

By 1690 three Oirat states had emerged: the Khoshut, the Kalmyk and the Dzungar Khanate. The majority of the Choros with the Dörbet and the Khoids settled in the region of the Black Irtysh, the Ulungur River, the Emil River, and the Ili River, forming the Dzungar Khanate. The Dzunghar Khanate was ruled by the Dörbet and the Choros, displacing the Khoshut in from their homeland Dzungaria. Although they reached their peak in the late 17th century, they began to disintegrate after Galdan Boshugtu Khan's wars with the Qing. The Choros were defeated in 1697 and 1771 and they were annexed by the Qing dynasty.

References
 Хойт С.К. Этническая история ойратских групп. Элиста, 2015. 199 с.
 Хойт С.К.  Данные фольклора для изучения путей этногенеза ойратских групп // Международная научная конференция «Сетевое востоковедение: образование, наука, культура», 7-10 декабря 2017 г.: материалы. Элиста: Изд-во Калм. ун-та, 2017. с. 286-289.

Mongol dynasties
Dzungar Khanate
Oirats


The Liquidator (1964) was the first novel written by John Gardner and the first novel in his Boysie Oakes series.

After publishing his autobiographical account of alcoholism Spin the Bottle, Gardner decided to write a thriller, which he later described as "a pretentious piece of rubbish about how governments went around legally killing people". When he sent the first four chapters to his literary agent, the latter summoned him to London and told him the book was "truly dreadful"; but went on to suggest that as he had "made a hash of drama", perhaps he should try his hand at comedy.  Inspired by the James Bond series of Ian Fleming novels and films, Gardner wrote his book with the character of Brian "Boysie" Oakes as an anti-Bond.

The success of the novel led to several more in the series, and interest from MGM in a Boysie Oakes film series, with only The Liquidator made in 1965 with Rod Taylor as Boysie.  One of Gardner's Boysie Oakes short stories "A Handful of Rice" mentions an actor named "Roy Buster" that expressed Gardner's impressions of Taylor.

New York Times Book Review reviewer Anthony Boucher remarked "Gardner succeeds in having it both ways; he has written a clever parody which is also a genuinely satisfactory thriller".

Plot
In Paris in 1944 Tank Corps Sergeant Boysie Oakes kills two Germans attempting to assassinate an Intelligence Corps officer named Mostyn.  Twenty years later Mostyn's memories have transformed Oakes (who is in reality cowardly and hedonistic) into a fearless master assassin though nothing could be further from the truth.  Mostyn recruits Oakes into the Secret Service where after a training course he is given an enviable lifestyle. Oakes' function is to "liquidate" security risks for the State.  Oakes hires a mild-mannered professional assassin to do his dirty work for him.

Going for a "dirty weekend" leads to Boysie being captured by enemy agents who involve him in an assassination plot.

Notes

External links
The Liquidator (novel) http://www.trashfiction.co.uk/liquidator.html

1964 British novels
British spy novels
British thriller novels
Novels by John Gardner (British writer)
Viking Press books
British novels adapted into films
1964 debut novels


The Obélisque d'Arles ("Arles Obelisk") is a 4th-century Roman obelisk, erected in the center of the Place de la République, in front of the town hall of Arles, France.

Description
The obelisk is made of granite from Asia Minor. It does not feature any inscription. Its height together with its pedestal is approximately 20 m.

History

The obelisk was first erected under the Roman emperor Constantine II in the center of the spina of the Roman circus of Arles. After the circus was abandoned in the 6th century, the obelisk fell down and was broken in two parts. It was rediscovered in the 14th century and re-erected on top of a pedestal soon surmounted by a bronze globe and sun on 26 March 1676.

Designed by Jacques Peytret, these ornaments changed in times of political regimes. During the Revolution, the sun was replaced by a Phrygian cap; under the Empire, the eagle replaced the cap; under Louis-Philippe, the royal sun took the place of the rooster hunting the eagle. Since 1866, the ornaments were permanently removed and replaced by a bronze capstone until a fountain and the sculptures around it were designed by Antoine Laurent Dantan in the 19th century.

Conservation
This obelisk was listed on the 1840 inventory of historic sites in France. It is part of a 1981-designated UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments.

See also
List of World Heritage Sites in Europe

References

External links

Patrimony of the city of Arles: Obelisk
1909 detailed text about the Obélisque d'Arles (.pdf document)
Photo of the Obelisk, at Flickr
Obelisk of Arles
Page about the Roman circus of Arles
Another page about the Roman circus

Roman Arles
Arles
Monuments historiques of Bouches-du-Rhône
Buildings and structures in Bouches-du-Rhône
Tourist attractions in Bouches-du-Rhône
4th-century establishments in Roman Gaul
Buildings and structures completed in the 4th century
Sculptures of lions


Kranji Bus Depot is an SMRT Buses bus depot located at Kranji Road in Kranji, Singapore. As of November 2014, the total fleet consists of 324 buses.

Kranji Bus Depot was the first bus depot to be built under Trans-Island Bus Services, started in 1983.

External links

References

Bus garages
Bus stations in Singapore
1983 establishments in Singapore


Lapides v. Board of Regents of University System of Georgia, 535 U.S. 613 (2002), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States which ruled that a state voluntarily waives at least part of its Eleventh Amendment immunity when it invokes a federal court's removal jurisdiction. There has subsequently been a "circuit split" in federal courts regarding whether a state waives immunity from liability or only a federal forum.

Background
A professor filed suit in state court claiming that adding  when they placed sexual harassment allegations in his personnel files violated state tort laws. The university system voluntarily moved the case to federal court and sought dismissal there.

Opinion of the court
Justice Stephen Breyer delivered the opinion of the Court.

See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 535
List of United States Supreme Court cases

References

External links

United States Eleventh Amendment case law
United States federal jurisdiction case law
United States state sovereign immunity case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
United States Supreme Court decisions that overrule a prior Supreme Court decision
University System of Georgia
2002 in United States case law
Sexual harassment in the United States
Harassment case law
Kennesaw State University


The First Family of Soul: The Best of the Five Stairsteps is a compilation album released by Buddah Records on November 6, 2001, for the family musical group The Five Stairsteps.

References

External links
 The Stairsteps Official Website

2001 compilation albums
Rhythm and blues compilation albums
Buddah Records compilation albums
Five Stairsteps albums


Michael Edgar Oliver (20 July 1937 – 1 December 2002) was a BBC broadcaster, writer and journalist on classical music.

Born in Hammersmith, the son of a music-loving plumber, Oliver was educated at St Clement Danes Grammar School, then in North Kensington, at Isleworth Polytechnic and at the London School of Printing. As a conscientious objector, rather than perform national service Oliver opted to work in a hospital, both in the mortuary and the kitchen. Later, as a member of CND, he was arrested during a demonstration, and for refusing to pay the fine spent some time in Brixton Prison.

Before becoming a broadcaster, he pursued, as he put it, "a dozen other trades and professions" during the 1950s and 60s including selling radiators, and working for the Cambridge University Press while spending as much time as possible attending concerts. His other occupation was librarianship.

Oliver presented BBC Radio 3's Music Weekly programme (1975–90), and also was a presenter of BBC Radio 4's Kaleidoscope (1974–87). The author of several books, including biographies of Igor Stravinsky and Benjamin Britten, he was also a regular contributor to The Gramophone, Classic CD, Classic Record Collector and BBC Music Magazine. He was also founding editor of International Opera Collector, a subsidiary of The Gramophone, started in 1996 but closed after only 13 issues, as a consequence of the sale of all the Gramophone magazines in July 1999.

Bibliography

 "Two Welsh Composers: Alun Hoddinott and William Mathias"; "Miscellany: Justin Connolly - Jonathan Harvey - Roger Smalley - Anthony Payne - Tristram Cary - Anthony Milner - Christopher Headington - Robin Holloway - David Ellis" in British Music Now: A Guide to the Work of Younger Composers, ed. Lewis Foreman, 1975. London: Paul Elek.
 Igor Stravinsky, 1995. London: Phaidon
 Benjamin Britten, 1996. London: Phaidon
 Settling the Score: A Journey through the Music of the 20th Century, 1999. London: Faber & Faber

Notes

1937 births
2002 deaths
Writers from Hammersmith
BBC Radio 3 presenters
English music critics
English biographers
20th-century British biographers
Stravinsky scholars
Britten scholars
People educated at St. Clement Danes School


Falling from Grace is a mystery novel for young adults by Jane Godwin. It is set in Victoria, Australia and was first published in 2006.

It is studied at Years 7 and 8 level.

Plot summary
Young sisters Annie and Grace squeeze in one last game of "Tracking" with their dad at the seashore, the beach by Point Nepean. There is a storm coming and it is getting dark. Annie, younger by eleven months and more agile than Grace, scrambles up the side of a steep hill. Grace struggles to follow when suddenly the ground falls away. The search for her begins, but is hampered by bad weather. The police become convinced that the young man, Kip, who found Grace's backpack on the beach, and Ted, who was too inebriated to remember much of what he did that night on the beach, may have had something to do with her disappearance. The police initially are unable to successfully interrogate Ted, but as the story is gradually assembled, it looks worse and worse for Kip and Ted, the longer Grace cannot be found.

Writing style
Falling from Grace is written in alternating narration between Kip, Grace and Annie (Grace's younger sister). Only 3 short chapters are narrated by Grace. They are not very clear either since she has been lost for a few days.

Reception
Kirkus Reviews wrote "Annie and Kip tell this riveting story of disappearance and search in alternating voices laced with insights about their own journey from innocence to experience."

Awards
 Queensland Premier's Award (Children's Books)
 NSW State Literary Award

References

External links
 Penguin Books summary

2007 Australian novels
2007 children's books
Australian young adult novels
Children's mystery novels
Australian mystery novels
Novels set in Victoria (state)
Children's books set in Victoria


Stone Harbor Bird Sanctuary is a  bird sanctuary and nature preserve in Stone Harbor, Cape May County, New Jersey.  It was created in 1947 by local ordinance.  It was designated a National Natural Landmark in October 1965, the first in New Jersey.

History
Herons began nesting in the area that became the sanctuary around 1938.  The town protected the site in 1947 and put up a fence surrounding the site in 1961.  As of 1964, more than 5,000 birds would arrive for nesting season from March through July and would stay until December.  Beginning around 1995, the numbers of nesting shore birds such as herons returning to the Sanctuary began decreasing, eventually almost entirely disappearing by 2000.   In 2005, the Sanctuary began a rejuvenation project to improve conditions for the nesting shore birds in the hope of them returning.  Among other actions, they plan to increase the flow of tidal water to the site, remove non-native invasive species of plants and add nature trails for visitors.

Flora and fauna
The site is covered in dense bushes and shrubs which provide shelter, as well as a fresh water pond, a fresh water meadow and a maritime forest.  Nearby Nummy Island is a salt marsh which offers feeding and nesting grounds.

Before they mysteriously disappeared in 1995, a number of species have been spotted at the Sanctuary, including snowy egrets, glossy ibis, black-crowned and yellow-crowned night herons, little blue herons, green herons and tri-colored herons.    In 2003, The Wetlands Institute identified the American redstart, black and white warbler, black-throated blue warbler, downy woodpecker and sharp-shinned hawk, but none of the egrets and herons that were traditionally identified with the area. In 2005, a number of feral cats were trapped and removed from the site, leading to fines for anyone caught feeding stray cats without a license.

See also
The Wetlands Institute

References

External links

Stone Harbor Bird Sanctuary

National Natural Landmarks in New Jersey
Protected areas of Cape May County, New Jersey
Stone Harbor, New Jersey


Ross Case and Geoff Masters were the defending champions but lost in the final [8–6] to Brian Gottfried and Raúl Ramírez.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

External links
1975 Custom Credit Indoor Tennis Tournament Doubles Draw

Doubles


is a Japanese freestyle swimmer.

She married swimmer Kazuya Kaneda in 2014.

Major achievements
 2005 World Championships – 200m freestyle 22nd (2:01.65)
 2007 World Championships – 100m freestyle 39th (57.21)
 2008 Beijing Olympics – 200m freestyle 13th (1:58.44)

Personal bests
In long course:
 100m freestyle: 55.05 (June 7, 2008)
 200m freestyle: 1:57.37 Japanese Record (April 9, 2011)

In short course
 100m freestyle: 53.41 former Japanese Record (February 22, 2009)
 200m freestyle: 1:53.72 Japanese Record, former Asian record (February 21, 2009)

References

External links
 Profile – JOC

1988 births
Living people
Olympic swimmers for Japan
Japanese female freestyle swimmers
Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Tokyo
Nihon University alumni
Olympic bronze medalists for Japan
Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
Swimmers at the 2006 Asian Games
Asian Games medalists in swimming
Swimmers at the 2010 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Asian Games silver medalists for Japan
Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games


The Power of One is a 1992 drama film directed and edited by John G. Avildsen, loosely based on Bryce Courtenay's 1989 novel of the same title. The film stars Stephen Dorff, John Gielgud, Morgan Freeman, Armin Mueller-Stahl, and Daniel Craig in his feature film debut.

Set in South Africa during World War II and the years immediately afterwards, the film centers on the life of Peter "PK" Keith, an English South African boy raised under apartheid, and his conflicted relationships with a German pianist, a Coloured boxing coach and an Afrikaner romantic interest.

Plot
Born in 1930 to a recently widowed Englishwoman on a homestead in South Africa, young Peter Philip Kennith Keith (nicknamed "PK") is schooled in the ways of England by his mother and the ways of Africa by a Zulu nanny, whose son Tonderai is also his best friend. However, their peaceful life is soon shattered when the farm's cattle are claimed by rinderpest. PK's mother succumbs to a nervous breakdown, and he is sent away to a conservative Afrikaans boarding school while she recovers.

Being the only English student at the boarding school, PK earns universal contempt from his Afrikaner fellows—particularly from Jaapie Botha, the oldest student. Their extreme bullying, which includes spitting in PK's face and urinating on him, strikes PK with a severe case of bed wetting, a habit which he eventually overcomes with local sangoma Dabula Manzi. In conquering his nightmares, PK is given a chicken, whom he names Mother Courage, and which becomes his closest companion.

When war suddenly breaks out in Europe, the Afrikaner students kidnap PK and Mother Courage and has them tried before a mock Nazi court where Botha elaborates on the depth of his hatred for the British—a people he holds responsible for atrocities committed during the Second Boer War. The Afrikaner boys hang Mother Courage and kill her with a rock. When PK physically retaliates against Botha, they attempt to execute him in a similar manner, but are interrupted by a teacher who later oversees Botha's expulsion.

With his mother dead, PK finds himself living with his grandfather in Barberton. He eventually finds a mentor in Karl "Doc" von Vollensteen, a lonely German musician whose family was executed by the Nazis. Doc warms to PK and under his guidance PK soon becomes an excellent pianist. He is soon interned as an enemy alien for the rest of the war, but PK continues to visit him regularly in prison. Doc introduces the boy to Geel Piet, a Cape Coloured inmate who trains him to be an excellent boxer. Piet also impresses on PK his mantra: "first with the head, then with the heart".

A maturing PK begins to express sympathy towards black prisoners, who are detained under appalling conditions and frequently beaten and bullied by the Afrikaner guards, one of whom, Sgt. Bormann forces Piet to eat manure off his foot. PK works with Doc to distribute contraband among the Africans, writes their letters to home, and shares their many sufferings. World War II does not end happily for PK, as Doc is repatriated and returns to Germany, and Piet is bludgeoned to death by Bormann, in retaliation for initiating a concert, led by PK and Doc, with the black prisoners singing a song denouncing the guards as cowards.

In 1948, PK goes to study at the prestigious Prince of Wales School in Johannesburg. While attending a boxing championship, he is enamoured by Maria Marais, the Afrikaans daughter of a leading National Party official. Since her strict father will not permit them to see each other, they begin dating in secret. On one such outing they are introduced to Gideon Duma, a prominent boxer in Alexandra, a black township. Duma's passion for resisting apartheid inspires PK, and he opens an English school for Africans.

Maria's father, incensed by the couple's ongoing relationship and PK's ties to a multiracial gym, leads him to request a formal investigation by one of his South African Police contacts, Colonel Breyten. Breyten and his sergeant, an embittered Jaapie Botha, place PK under surveillance for subversion. His clashes with the police (which result in detainment of numerous people he knows) come to a head when Duma is severely injured and Maria is killed during a raid on their school in a church along with numerous other innocent people. Maddened by grief, PK considers going to study at Oxford in England, but is consoled by a recovering Duma who shows him that all his teachings have finally shown progress and reminds him of all the good he can still do in Africa.

Botha leads a violent raid on Alexandra the following night which results in Breyten's death at the hands of an enraged villager. Botha threatens to shoot Elias Mlungisi, the local boxing promoter, only to be confronted by PK. They fight, and PK finally defeats his childhood enemy. Despite the loss, a bloodied and vindictive Botha is still bent on killing him with a hidden pistol, but an arriving Gideon Duma brutally kills Botha with a cricket bat to the head before he can fire just in time. Now wanted fugitives from the apartheid government, PK and Duma together vow to continue a campaign against racial injustice with the aid of the other survivors. PK's closing narration identifies meaningful voices during his life from his nanny to Doc, Geel Piet, Dabula Manzi, and finally Maria.

Cast
 Stephen Dorff as Peter "PK" Keith
 Guy Witcher as young PK
 Simon Fenton as teen PK
 Armin Mueller-Stahl as Karl "Doc" von Vollensteen
 Jeremiah Mnisi as Dabula Manzi
 Ian Roberts as Hoppie Gruenewald
 John Gielgud as St. John
 Fay Masterson as Maria Marais
 Morgan Freeman as Geel Piet
 Daniel Craig as Sgt. Jaapie Botha
 Robbie Bulloch as young Jaapie Botha
 Dominic Walker as Morrie Gilbert
 Faith Edwards as Miriam Sisulu
 Alois Moyo as Gideon Duma
 Brian O'Shaughnessy as Col. Breyten
 Marius Weyers as Prof. Daniel Marais
 Clive Russell as Sgt. Bormann
 Winston Ntshona as Mlungisi
 Nomadlozi Kubheka as Nanny
 Mark Clements as school boy

Critical reception
The film received mixed reviews. Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes currently ranks the film at a 39% 'rotten' rating based on 18 reviews, with an average score of 5/10. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave it two and a half stars out of four, stating that the nature of troubles of South Africa "are too complex to be reduced to a formula in which everything depends on who shoots who", but did add "there are some nice touches," such as the locations and Gielgud's performance.

Morgan Freeman later said in an interview that the film "wasn't as good as I had hoped it would be."

Soundtrack

References

External links

 The Power of One at Rotten Tomatoes

1992 films
1992 drama films
1990s sports films
American boxing films
American drama films
Apartheid films
Cold War films
Films about bullying
Films about racism
Films about race and ethnicity
Films based on Australian novels
Films directed by John G. Avildsen
Films scored by Hans Zimmer
Films set in South Africa
Films shot in Zimbabwe
Films with screenplays by Robert Mark Kamen
Regency Enterprises films
StudioCanal films
Village Roadshow Pictures films
Warner Bros. films
Films produced by Arnon Milchan
1990s English-language films
1990s American films


The 1976 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships was a men's professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Hordern Pavilion in Sydney, Australia. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was part of the 1976 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix circuit. The tournament was held from 18 October through 24 October 1976. Geoff Masters won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Geoff Masters defeated  James Delaney 4–6, 6–3, 7–6, 6–3
 It was Masters' 3rd title of the year and the 12th of his career.

Doubles

 Ismail El Shafei /  Brian Fairlie defeated  Syd Ball /  Kim Warwick 4–6, 6–4, 7–6
 It was El Shafei's only title of the year and the 5th of his career. It was Fairlie's 2nd title of the year and the 4th of his career.

References

External links
 ITF tournament edition details

Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships
Australian Indoor Tennis Championships
In
Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships
Sports competitions in Sydney
Tennis in New South Wales


Pavlos () or Pávlos () is a masculine given name. It is a Greek form of Paul. It may refer to:

Pavlos Bakoyannis (1935–1989), a liberal Greek politician
Pavlos Carrer (1829–1896), a Greek composer
Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece (born 1967)
Pavlos Fyssas (1979–2013), Greek rapper and murder victim
Pavlos Giannakopoulos (1928–2018), a Greek businessman
Pavlos Haikalis (born 1958), a Greek actor and member of parliament
Pavlos Karakostas (1937–2002), a Greek author
Pavlos Kountouriotis (1855–1935), a Greek naval hero, twice President of Greece
Pavlos Kouroupis (1929–1974), a Greek officer in the Hellenic Army
Pavlos Melas (1870–1904), an officer of the Hellenic Army and hero in the Greek Struggle for Macedonia
Pavlos Papaioannou (born 1959), a Greek footballer
Pavlos Pavlidis (died 1968), a Greek shooter
Pavlos Sidiropoulos (1948–1990), a Greek Rock musician
Pavlos Tassios (1942–2011), a Greek film director
Pavlos Valdaseridis (1892–1972), a Cypriot writer, translator, and playwright

See also
Agios Pavlos (Άγιος Παύλος), a Borough of Thessaloniki
Apostolos Pavlos (Απόστολος Παύλος, meaning Paul the Apostle), a municipality in the Imathia Prefecture, Greece
Pavlos Vrellis Museum of Hellenic History, a museum in Ioannina, Greece

References

See also

Paul (name)

Greek masculine given names
Masculine given names
Given names of Greek language origin


Pedro Francisco Jiménez de Góngora y Luján, 1st Duke of Almodóvar del Río (1727–1794) was a Spanish nobleman, ambassador and writer.

Career
Jiménez de Góngora was born to a noble family from Córdoba, Spain, and became the 7th Marqués de Almodóvar del Río. He was made a Grandee of Spain in 1779 and was named 1st Duke of Almodóvar del Río on July 11, 1780 by King Charles III of Spain. He was the fourth director of the Real Academia de la Historia from January 6, 1792 to May 14, 1794 when he died, although his death has also been quoted as 1796.

He was an Embassy Officer and Ambassador to Russia from 1759 to 1763, Ambassador to Portugal from around 1765 to 1778 and Ambassador to London in 1778. The following year he was forced to leave the position because of disputes with the British over issues concerning the American War of Independence. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1789.

He had been living in the Kingdom of Naples, under King Charles VII of Naples (later also king of Spain), when he was met by the Spanish traveler and intellectual Antonio Ponz around 1751.

Writings
Under the pseudonym Francisco María de Silva, Jiménez de Góngora published in 1781 ten letters on the "State of contemporary literature in France" (Década Epistolar sobre el Estado de las letras de Francia) which included some comments on the works of François Marie Arouet Voltaire. This work helped to spread the ideas of Encyclopedism in Spain.

Abbé Guillaume Thomas François Raynal published four volumes entitled Histoire philosophique et politique des établissements et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes in Amsterdam in 1770 about the negative influence of Spanish civilization on the colonization of foreign lands. Under the name Eduardo Malo de Luque, Jiménez de Góngora undertook the Spanish version of this work, Historia política de los establecimientos ultramarinos de las naciones europeas, "with the Comments of a Catholic Spaniard." Between 1984/1790, he completed only five of the twelve volumes, because the Count of Floridablanca forbade further publication.

The first two volumes mirror Raynal's design but he added a voluminous appendix entitled The English Constitution and the Affairs of the English East India Company, a feature not found in Raynal's original work. In Ximénez de Góngora, the third volume, he appended a 68-page essay entitled The Political and Economic State of France.

Moreover, although the Duke's fourth and Raynal's third volumes examine Scandinavian, Prussian, and Russian colonial ventures the Spaniard thought fit to add a supplement named  Analytical Memoirs Relative to the History and Present State of Russia, drawn primarily from materials and recollections of his diplomatic service in St. Petersburg.

References

1716 births
1794 deaths
People from Córdoba, Spain
Ambassadors of Spain to Russia
101
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Ambassadors of Spain to Great Britain