Anne P. Mitchell (born April 3, 1958) is an attorney, Professor of Law, and the founder and CEO of the Institute for Social Internet Public Policy.

Biography
In 1988, Mitchell founded an early fathers' rights group in Buffalo, New York, while she was studying pre-law at SUNY Buffalo. Upon moving to California to attend Stanford Law School she founded the first fathers' rights BBS which she ran from her student housing.

Fathers Rights Law
After graduating from Stanford, Mitchell opened a fathers' rights law practice, through which she represented fathers wishing to remain involved in the lives of their children following divorce. She spoke publicly and privately on the issues of fathers' rights and the need for children to have their fathers involved in their lives. Mitchell spoke, by invitation, to the California judges' bench Beyond the Bench program, to Santa Clara Family Court Services, and at Governor Pete Wilson's "Focus on Fathers summit.

Fathers Rights Television show
In 1997, Mitchell produced and was the host of the cable show "Fathers are Parents Too". The half-hour television talk show "focused on the concerns, issues, and realities related to becoming and staying an involved father." Thirty-six episodes of "Fathers are Parents Too" were filmed in 1997, and were shown on cable television stations throughout the United States.

Anti-spam and Internet law
In 1998, Mitchell closed her fathers' rights practice, and changed her focus to Internet law and anti-spam efforts. She joined Mail Abuse Prevention System (MAPS), the first formal anti-spam organization, as Director of Legal and Public Affairs. While at MAPS Mitchell led the strategy for the first anti-spam lawsuits.

In 2002 Mitchell stepped in as CEO and co-founder of the newly created Habeas. A year later Mitchell left Habeas to found and run the Institute for Spam and Internet Public Policy (ISIPP),

During her tenure at Habeas, Mitchell coined the term "deliverability" and founded and led the first Email Deliverability Summits, which became the impetus for founding ISIPP when she left Habeas.

Philanthropy
In September 2005, Mitchell founded Auction Aid to help the victims of Hurricane Katrina, enlisting donated items from friends and colleagues Guy Kawasaki, Béla Fleck, Warren Farrell, Anne Fadiman, Eduardo Sánchez and Sir Harold Evans, to raise more than $5,000.  Originally Auction Aid was created using eBay's "Giving Works" platform, about which Mitchell later criticized.

In February 2008, Mitchell spearheaded the Boulder Dushanbe Relief effort, coordinating with the World Food Programme and the Dushanbe Tea House to help the people of Tajikistan, who were facing a deadly winter.  That effort raised more than $14,000 which went to the World Food Programme in Tajikistan.

Selected works
Mitchell has published many papers and authored one ebook.

References

External links

 Institute for Social Internet Public Policy
 DadsRights.org
 Habeas
 Auction Aid
 Dushanbe Relief Fund

1958 births
Living people
American women chief executives
Fathers' rights activists
Anti-spam
American women lawyers
21st-century American women


Race Results

Race 1; 1955 Southern 100 Junior 350cc Race final standings.
July 1955 Billown Circuit 12 laps – 51 miles (81.13 km)

Race 2; 1955 Southern 100 Lightweight 250cc Race final standings.
July 1955 Billown Circuit 6 laps – 25.50 miles (41.06 km)

Race 3; 1955 Southern 100 Solo Championship 500cc Race final standings.
July 1955 Billown Circuit 24 laps – 102 miles (164.25 km)

Sources

External links

Southern 100
Southern 100 Races
Southern 100 Races


Harold Mason Aston (10 October 1855 – 1914) was an English footballer who scored the first recorded goal of West Bromwich Albion.

Career

After leaving Spon Lane School, Aston worked at the George Salter Spring Works. He joined West Bromwich Albion in September 1879 and was a member of the club's first senior squad of 1879–80. He netted Albion's first recorded goal on 20 December 1879, in a friendly against Black Lake Victoria. He also played in Albion's first FA Cup match, against Wednesbury Town in November 1883.

Aston moved to Albion's Black Country rivals Wolverhampton Wanderers in July 1885, where he remained for a year. During his time with Wolves, he appeared in five FA Cup games, scoring four times, as the club made the fourth round for the first time.

He moved to Burslem Port Vale in the summer of 1886 and quickly established himself as a first team competitor. He scored 16 goals in 44 games, though most of these were friendlies he did make four FA Cup appearances. He departed in 1887 to spend a brief period with First Division side Preston North End. He ended his playing career with two seasons at Oldbury Town. Aston became a labourer after his retirement from football in May 1891. He died in 1914 in West Bromwich.

References

1855 births
1914 deaths
Footballers from Wolverhampton
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Oldbury Town F.C. players


is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Etsushi Ogawa. It was serialized in Kodansha's Comic Bom Bom, which was aimed at elementary-aged boys. The manga received the 2007 Kodansha Manga Award for the children's category.

Kunimi Satoshi stayed at home and did nothing for a year after his father had gone missing. However meeting with his classmate, Tsuji Keita, he somehow manage to graduate middle school, and to become a master chef, he decide to work in Teito hotel, one of highest hotel known for cooking.

References

External links

2006 manga
Children's manga
Cooking in anime and manga
Kodansha manga
Shōnen manga
Winner of Kodansha Manga Award (Children)


Joseph or Joe Brooks may refer to:

Arts and entertainment
 Joe Brooks (actor) (1924–2007), American actor
 Joseph Brooks (songwriter) (1938–2011), American composer, director, producer and screenwriter
 Joe Brooks (singer) (born 1987), British singer-songwriter
 Joe Brooks (music producer), co-producer and musician on 2000 album The Color of Silence

Sports
 Joseph Brooks (cricketer) (1870–1937), English cricketer
 Joe Brooks (footballer, born 1885) (1885–1944), English footballer
 Joe Brooks (footballer, fl. 1902–15), English association football player
 Joseph W. Brooks (active 1909–1921), American football player and coach
 Joe Brooks (fly fisherman) (1901–1972), American fisherman and writer about the sport
 Joe Brooks (baseball) (fl. 1942), American baseball pitcher in the Negro leagues

Others
 Joseph Brooks (politician) (1812–1877), American Methodist minister and politician
 Joseph B. Brooks Arkansas politician
 Joseph E. Brooks (born 1942), American politician, journalist and social service agency director
 Joe Brooks (researcher) (born 1960), American electronics researcher


The Battle of Münchengrätz () or Battle of Mnichovo Hradiště () was fought near Mnichovo Hradiště, modern day Czech Republic, on 28 June 1866 during the Austro-Prussian War. It ended in a Prussian victory over the Austrian Empire.

Events
Having lost the engagements at Hühnerwasser and Podol, and with the Prussian Elbe Army and 1st Army bearing in on them from the west and the north, Clam-Gallas and his ally, Prince Albert of Saxony, decided to have the Iser Army abandon its exposed position near Mnichovo Hradiště. While three Austrian brigades, under Count Leiningen, remained to slow the Prussian pursuit, Clam-Gallas sent Ringelsheims's and Poschacher's brigades east towards Jičín, while the five Saxon brigades marched south to Jungbunzlau. Leiningen deployed his Jäger units in town and posted the line regiments from his own brigade across the Jizera river in Klaster, Piret's brigade deployed on Musky Hill, and Abele's brigade drew up in battalion columns on the road from Podol.

The Prussian 31st Brigade, part of the Elbe Army, started the battle and attacked Klaster making the 38th Austrian Regiment, consisting out of Venetians, to rapidly abandon their position on the hill. In the north, Prince Frederick Charles attacked the north side of Musky Hill with his Prussian 8th Division, under Horn, where they encountered Piret and Abele, while the Prussian 7th Division, under Fransecky, marched through the morass behind the heights to cut the Austrian communication lines to Mnichovo Hradiště and Jičín. Seeing the danger of being encircled, Leiningen ordered his brigade to withdraw from the town. The Prussians of the Elbe Army then occupied the town and, being thirsty and hungry from the long march, abandoned formation to sack the town and drink at the local brewery.

Abele's brigade held long enough on the slopes of the hill for Leiningen and Piret to untangle and the Austrian brigades escaped to the east, leaving some 3,000 men in killed, wounded and prisoners. The Prussians, having only engaged with 14 battalions, only lost about 300 men, but managed to link up their two armies and drive the Austrians and their Saxon allies out of their Iser line.

References

 Geoffrey Wawro, The Austro-Prussian War. Austria's war with Prussia and Italy in 1866 (New York 2007), pp. 156–159.
 Heinz Helmert; Hans-Jürgen Usczeck: Preußischdeutsche Kriege von 1864 bis 1871 - Militärischer Verlauf. 6. überarbeitete Auflage, Militärverlag der deutschen demokratischen Republik, Berlin 1988,
 German General Staff, Campaign of 1866 in Germany Battery Press, Nashville 1994

Conflicts in 1866
Battles in Bohemia
Battles of the Austro-Prussian War
Battles involving Austria
Battles involving Prussia
1866 in the Austrian Empire
19th century in Bohemia
June 1866 events
History of the Central Bohemian Region


FC Lokomotiv Liski () is a Russian association football club from Liski, founded in 1936. It first played on the professional league level in 1995. The highest level it achieved was the third-tier Russian Professional Football League, where it played from 2009 to 2015–16. It dropped out of professional-level competitions before the 2016–17 season.

References

External links

Association football clubs established in 1936
Football clubs in Russia
Liski
Sport in Voronezh Oblast
1936 establishments in Russia


is a district of Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Literally meaning "Southern Azabu", Minami-Azabu was named so because it was situated in the southern portion of the former Azabu Ward.

The area's postal code is 106–0047.

Tokyo Metropolitan Central Library, located in Arisugawa-no-miya-Kinen Kōen (Arisugawa-no-miya Memorial Park), in western Minami-Azabu. South-Korean Mindan, VANK located in eastern Minami-Azabu. Temple University Japan Campus, located in south eastern Minami-Azabu.

Landmarks
A South Korean embassy is located in the district. The History Museum of J-Koreans is also there.

Education

Minato City Board of Education operates public elementary and junior high schools.

Minami-Azabu 1-chōme 1-2 and 25-27 ban, 2-chōme 1, 9, and 14-ban, 3-chōme 1-21 ban, and 4-chōme 1-12 ban are zoned to Hommura (or Honmura) Elementary School (本村小学校)
Minami-Azabu 5-chōme is zoned to Kōgai Elementary School (笄小学校). Minami-Azabu 1-chōme 3-24 ban, and 2-chōme 2-8 and 10-13 ban are zoned to Higashimachi Elementary School (東町小学校). The Hommura and Kōgai elementary zones feed into Kōryō Junior High School (高陵中学校). The Higashimachi zone feeds into Roppongi Junior High School (六本木中学校). Minami-Azabu 2-chōme 15-ban, 3-chōme 22-ban, and 4-chōme 13-15 ban are zoned to Shirokane-no-Oka Gakuen (白金の丘学園) for elementary and junior high school.

Private schools:
 Tokyo International School

Subway stations
Hiroo Station
Azabu-Jūban Station
Shirokane-Takanawa Station

References

Districts of Minato, Tokyo


Sharon McPherson (16 June 1965 – 24 August 2021) is a Scottish writer and book publisher. She writes works of non-fiction and fiction under the pseudonym Cambella McMahon.

Biography
She was born in Dundee, Scotland, where she attended Dundee College, gaining a diploma in Publication Production, Editing and Design. Later, she studied at the University of Dundee and graduated with a degree in English. She moved to Edinburgh in 2007, to research her first novel, a romantic satire (yet unpublished). She lived for a year in the city before moving back to her hometown in 2008.

Her own publishing company, Pumpkin Press, was founded in 2006, initially to market her own titles. The company now sells books and postcards about Dundee.

Her first book, A Skirt Around Dundee, A Walker's Guide to the City, was published in 2006. It is a guide set out in a series of walks around the city. Her second book, Dew on the Law, And Other Strange Stories About A Scottish City, (2008) is a collection of historical fiction about Dundee.
She illustrated her first two books with her own drawings and photographs.

Works

References

External links
Pumpkin Press

1965 births
Living people
Scottish short story writers
Scottish non-fiction writers
Scottish women writers
Alumni of the University of Dundee
British women short story writers
Writers from Dundee


The Narewka (; Belarusian Нараўка) River is a left-bank tributary of the Narew River in western Belarus and northeastern Poland.

Etymology
The Narewka River's name comes from a Proto-Indo-European root, *nr, primarily associated with "water" (compare Narva, Neretva, Neris, Ner, and Nur).

Geography
The Narewka flows through the European region known as the Wysoczyzny Podlasko – Bialoruskie (Podlasie–Belarus Plateau) in Poland's Podlaskie Voivodeship and Belarus' Grodno Region.  A major part of the river flows through the Białowieża Forest.
The Narewka River is the main watercourse of the Polish part of the Białowieża Forest.

The river is 61.1 km long, including 21.7 kilometers in the Republic of Belarus.

Catchment (basin) covers an area Narewka 710.7 km2, of which the Polish border is 491.32 km. Within the forest is 380 km2 catchment area, part of which falls in the Białowieża National Park. Catchment forest cover is 49.9%. Until dry, the Narewka flowed through quite a muddy valley. In the 1960s has been draining uroczyska "Wild Nikora.

The width of the trough Narewka ranges from 5 to 15 m (at the mouth). The maximum depth at the measuring point in Bialowieza: 201 cm. The rate of flow is 2 km/h.

History
Narewka River is marked on the first map of Bialowieza, line drawn in 1784 by the royal surveyor Michael Połchowskiego. The documents appear much earlier.

In December 1409 Władysław Jagiełło took place in Bialowieza Forest a great hunt, making the stocks of meat before the battle of Grunwald. The meat is in the spring of next year, the river was floated Narewka, Narew and the Vistula to Plock.

In 1559 a partial separation was carried out from Bialowieza Forest Bielsko (Ladzkiej). Narewka River to the mouth of the Narew, along with the river Wieliczanka constituted the boundary between forests.

Cities and towns
Villages: Białowieża, Pogorzelce, Narewka, Nowe Lewkowo and Stare Lewkowo.

Tributaries

 L Waliczówka
 L Jabłoniówka
 R Bobrówka
 L Okulinka
 L Jelonka
 R Braszcza
 R Hwoźna
 R Sirota
 L Przedzielna
 R Orłówka
 L Łutownia
 R Krynica
 R Złota
 L Jelonka
 L Pierierownica
 L Tisovka

References

Rivers of Brest Region
Rivers of Poland
Rivers of Podlaskie Voivodeship
Białowieża Forest
International rivers of Europe
Rivers of Belarus


is a mountain in the Kitami Mountains. It is located in Takinoue, Hokkaidō, Japan.

References
 Geographical Survey Institute

Mountains of Hokkaido


Kilmallock was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons until 1800.

History
In the Patriot Parliament of 1689 summoned by James II, Kilmallock was represented with two members.

Members of Parliament

Notes

References

Bibliography

Constituencies of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801)
Historic constituencies in County Limerick
1800 disestablishments in Ireland
Constituencies disestablished in 1800


The Human World Tour was the second solo concert tour by American recording artist, Brandy. Often acknowledged as the Just Human Tour, the outing supported her fifth studio album, Human. The tour was the singer's first concert tour in nearly ten years and was well received by the public and critics. The tour primarily visited North America and Europe, with a few dates in Asia.

Background
While promoting her recent album, Brandy mentioned in several interviews her hope to tour the album. She felt enthusiastic about returning to the stage and performing for a huge audience. She also mentioned how she wanted to return overseas. During the Fall of 2008, Brandy embarked on a small promotional tour, performing mostly at music festivals. The tour began early in 2009 and ran through to the summer. Taking a cue from the BET special, "Just Human", the singer wanted to perform intimate shows to allow the audience to connect with her. The singer chose to perform in concert hall, theatres and nightclubs versus the usual sports arena. The main goal of the show was to be simplistic and draw a connection to the singer and the audience. During the tour, Brandy performed her hits from previous albums along with a few selections from Human.

Supporting acts
 Colby O'Donis (North America) (select venues)
 Ray J (North America) (select venues)
 Bell X1 (Europe) (select venues)
 Samsaya (Europe) (select venues)

Setlist

Shows

Festivals and other miscellaneous performances

This concert was a part of the Milwaukee Pridefest
This concert was a part of San Jose Pride.
This concert was a part of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation Festival

References

Brandy Norwood concert tours
2009 concert tours


Mefou-et-Afamba is a department of Centre Province in Cameroon. The department covers an area of 3,358 km and in 2001 had a total population of 89,805. The capital of the department lies at Mfou.

Subdivisions
The department is divided administratively into 8 communes, and in turn into villages:
 Afanloum
 Awaé
 Edzendouan
 Esse
 Mfou
 Nkolafamba
 Olanguina
 Soa

See also
 Mefou National Park

References

Departments of Cameroon
Centre Region (Cameroon)


FC Gubkin () is a Russian association football club from Gubkin, founded in 1995. It first played on the professional league level in 2006 in the Russian Second Division, where it played until 2013, when it was dissolved. Until 2003 the team was called FC Lebedinets Gubkin.

External links

Club info at 2liga.ru

Association football clubs established in 1995
Association football clubs disestablished in 2013
Defunct football clubs in Russia
Sport in Belgorod Oblast
1995 establishments in Russia


Mefou-et-Akono is a department of Centre Province in Cameroon.
The department covers an area of  and, as of 2001, had a total population of 57,051. The capital of the department lies at Ngoumou.

Subdivisions
The department is divided administratively into four communes and in turn into villages.

Communes

 Akono
 Bikok
 Mbankomo
 Ngoumou

References

Departments of Cameroon
Centre Region (Cameroon)


Keezhukara,  a small village in Pathanamthitta district, is about 135 km from Thiruvanandapuram, capital city of Kerala, India. It is on latitude 9.349 N and longitude 76.705 E. Pampa River is on the north and west. Kozhencherry is in the south and Melukara in the east. The Interior is hilly but the riverine land is flat, fertile and arable. The population of Keezhukara in 2008 was 1211 in 292 households.

History
In olden days, Keezhukara was a jungle where wild animals roamed freely around. The last wild animal to leave was the jackals whose howling could be heard even in the fifties of the last century. There had been no permanent settlements. A footpath parallel to the river went all the way from Niranam to Nilakkal. Remnants of that path are still visible in Keezhukara. This path had been used to bring jungle produce to the riverside for transporting by country crafts to Niranam, the nearest port of trade at that time. The common items brought for trade were pepper, Cinnamon, cardamom, ginger, sandalwood, teak, rosewood, peacocks, Ape, parrot, snakes and ivory.

Before the eighteenth century, there were no proper roads in Kerala.  The only route connecting various places was the rivers and the mode of travel was by country boats. At Madathil Kadavu (Madathil ghat), the river is very wide. Here the river that flows from the east to west turns ninety degrees and flows to the south. During summer season a very large area of dry sand-bed would surface. So it was a very convenient place for boats-men to land and lodge. Temporary thatched sheds for resting spots and eating shops would sprout up along the river bank to cater for the weary travelers and merchants. Till the middle of the twentieth century, such coffee shops were a common sight at Madathil Kadavu.

By the eighteenth century, Keezhukara was a well settled peaceful village. They were hardworking middle-class people, who lived a simple life close to nature and earned their living mostly by subsistence farming and small trade. The people were either Hindus or Saint Thomas Christians. They respected each other and considered others as equals. There is a Hindu temple on the top of Iruppakattu para (Iruppakattu rock). Christians were worshipping at Niranam Orthodox church till they had their own church at nearby Kozhencherry.

This village was under a Brahmin Illam (house). Every year taxes were to be paid to Thirumeni, head of the Illam, in kind, usually the produce of the land like paddy, coconuts etc. This tax collection continued till the 1950s.

Roads
The ancient Pandalam-Sabarimala route cuts through Kozhencherry. By 1900 there were two jungle paths from Kozhencherry to Keezhukara Madathil Kadavu.

Originating at Kozhencherry junction of the Sabarimala route, the path crossed the Mannoorethu property and Kozhencherry (old) church.  On the eastern side of the church property, there stood a granite stone gateway. Climbing down the steps through the gateway led to Mulayodil paddy fields. From there the path was a small ridge through the fields. In front of Kureekkattil property, the path crossed a canal into solid ground. A narrow canal led to Iruppakattu para (rocks). Halfway up the rock, there was a level ground. Walking a few meters, there was another steep slippery rock (where Mar Thoma Christians built a prayer hall, a YMCA building and a primary school).  Crossing this rock would take you to Panthradil property. From there, jumping from one stone to another and climbing down a few steps, one would reach the level ground. This footpath then joined with a path that went all the way from Madathil kadavu to Melukara. When new houses were built on the eastern side of the hill, a new path was formed from Iruppakattu para to circumnavigate this rocky hill.

During rainy season, the above path was difficult to use, a straight new path through the hilly area was formed from Kozhencherry to Road Kadavu. By the beginning of the twentieth century, this road was widened so that bullock-carts could come up to the village. Between 1947 and 1950 a new road was built from Kozhencherry Market to Neduvelil Junction under the leadership of Mannil Mathew (Pappy).

Buildings
Keezhukara YMCA Public Library is one of the oldest public library in Kerala.  A branch of the YMCA had been built as a memorial to Rev. P.E.Mathew, Palakunnathu Neduvelil, on the eastern side of the village.  A prayer hall that was near the YMCA Library was demolished in 1960s.  The primary school building and property were given to the Government of Travancore, with a condition that the school building will allowed to be used for Mar Thoma Sunday School classes on Sundays.  St.Mary’s Girls’ school provided education for girls who lived within a 10 km radius.

Till 1947, almost all the houses had only thatched roof. A normal house was made of wood, a granary in the middle and two bed rooms on its sides. A long open verandah in front would serve as guest room, living room and bedroom. Under the granary was an underground cell. At its back, was a paddy pounding room that also served as a storage room for farm products. The kitchen was on one side of the house under a sloping shed. The thattinpuram (garret) was used as a storage space.  Electricity had reached Keezhukara by 1953.

Palliyodams (Snake boats)

Aranmula by river is about 5 km from Keezhukara. Palliyodams are Aranmula’s unique snake boats (Chundan Vallam) which devotees of Lord Parthasarathy hold in reverence, considering it as the divine vessel of the presiding deity in Sree Parthasarathy temple. Palliyodams belong to different karas (villages) in Pathanamthitta District.

N.S.S. Karayogam No: 717 is the owner of the Keezhukara Palliyodam and it is controlled by a Palliyoda Samrakshana Samithi (snake boat maintenance committee). One of the  unique features of Keezhukara palliyodam is that it is a symbol of cordial, gracious and amiable relationship between people of different religious beliefs living in Keezhukara. From its construction to its launching and its participation in every year in the festivities, the people of this village take active interest. If it wins a prize the whole village rejoices and celebrates. Aranmula regatta (Vallam Kali) is part of the cultural heritage of Kerala state as a whole and Aranmula in particular. Keezhukara is proud of its participation in this great and unique event.

References

Villages in Pathanamthitta district


Melukara is a small sub-village of Kozhencherry 689641 pinin Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. Its official languages are  Malayalam, English and Hindi.

Location
Melukara is surrounded on three sides by the Pampa River.

Climate and agriculture

The climate is humid, and the land is fertile. In addition to vegetable agriculture, farmers in Melukara cultivate coconut, mangosteen, rambutan, jackfruit, mango, nutmeg and rubber trees.

Temples
Sree Subrahmania Swami Temple is in the heart of Melukara and thiruvulsavam is being conducted every year. Chittedathu Nagachamundi Devi temple, Puthuppallil Bhagavathi Temple, A Marthoma Primary School, A Grade Vayanashala, A Marthoma church, Subrahmania swami temple, Sreekrishna swami temple, health center are a few social and religious centers in Melukara.

Snake boats
Melukara palliyodam (snakeboat) won the first prize in boat race which was conducted for the first time in Aranmula. Melukara won 7 times in mannam trophy. In 2011 the residents of Melukara made a new Snake boat "melukara palliyodam". It was built by Ayroor Chellappan Achari and his teams. In 2019 won Mannam Trophy & In 2016 Melukara Palliyodam won the first runners-up prize in the Uthrittathi Vallam kali.

Festivals
Every alternate year Sree Nagachamundi Devi Thiruvutsavam will celebrate with Bhairavi-kkolam thullal and kalamezhuthum pattum. Melukara SreeKrishna Swami Temple is owned by the Chittedathu family. The Sree Palan Pulayan Temple in Kanjeetukara is also owned by Chittedathu Family. It is a history in the world that Adiyane Poojikkunna Tambran.

References

Villages in Pathanamthitta district


Kurangumala (Monkey Hill) is a small sub-village of Kozhencherry town in Pathanamthitta district in Kerala, India.

Kurangumala is a small hill in Kozhencherry. St. Thomas College is near to Kurangumala.

Majority of the population are Christians and Hindus.

References

Villages in Pathanamthitta district


The SIG GL 5040/5140 is a 40 mm grenade launcher, which can be mounted under all SIG SG 550/551 assault rifle models and is operated in single-shot mode.
For compact SG 552/553, the smaller GL 5340 grenade launcher can be used.

Users
: The Swiss military in-service designation for the GL 5040 is 40 mm Gewehraufsatz 97.
: Used by Malaysian Coast Guard.

References

External links

40 mm Grenade Launcher GL 5040 and GL 5140 at Swiss Arms company website
Swiss Arms GL 5040/5140 40 mm grenade launcher (Switzerland), Weapon accessories at Jane's
Swiss Arms Law Enforcement and Defense Products Catalog

40×46mm grenade launchers
Weapons of Switzerland
SIG Sauer firearms


Mfoundi is a department of Centre Province in Cameroon.

The department covers an area of 297 km and as of 2005 had a total population of 1,881,876.  The department forms the Yaoundé capital and greater area.

See also
Yaoundé (in French)

References

Departments of Cameroon
Centre Region (Cameroon)


Arappatta Kettiya Gramathil ( In the Village Which Wears a Warrior's Belt) is a 1986 Malayalam film directed by P. Padmarajan, based on his own short story of the same name. The film revolves around three people, Zechariah (Mammootty), Hilal (Ashokan), and Gopi (Nedumudi Venu), who go to a brothel in a remote village and the problems they had to face there in the next 24 hours. It also stars Gomathi, Sukumari, Unnimary and Jagathy Sreekumar in other pivotal roles.

The film was a commercial failure but is now considered a cult classic. Sukumari won both the Kerala State Film Award and the Kerala Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Maluvamma.

Plot
One night at a dance bar, Joseph, a rich, but spoiled brat of a textile businessman offers a trip to a brothel with his three friends. Zechariah(Mammootty), Gopi (Nedumudi Venu), and Hilal (Ashokan), accept the offer and set out in Joseph's car. But on the way, Zechariah and Joseph get into a fight and the trip gets canceled, with Joseph leaving them back. But Zechariah decides to take both his friends to the brothel, though he just has a vague knowledge of the route. The trio sets out on the next morning and reaches the remote village. The suspicious look of the villagers frightens both Gopi and Hilal, but Zechariah is cool in his moves. The trio reaches the brothel run by Maluvamma, which is actually her ancestral house. They enter inside the huge house, and is shocked to find a few children playing and an old man scribbling something on a paper, without even bothering to take a look at them. The trio enters inside the house and comes across a girl who is both deaf and dumb. From her body language, the trio finds out that she is a prostitute kept by Maluvamma and Gopi gets wooed by her. In a couple of minutes, arrives Devaki (Unnimary), who is more ravishing and sensual. She informs them that Maluvamma (Sukumari) has gone outside with Gowrikutty (Gomathi), a new girl and will be back in few minutes. But the trio is shocked by the sudden entry of Bhaskaramenon (Jagathy Sreekumar), who asks them to vacate the house as a group of Muslims is planning to attack the house. He also shows them the injury marks caused a few days back in a riot and shows them the door to the outside. On their way back, a group of Muslims surrounds and verbally abuses them. With Zechariah beginning to retaliate, they turn violent. But the leader of the mob pacifies the crowd and takes them to a nearby tea stall, deciding to consult with Moopan about the next move. By keeping the trio under the custody of the mob, he reaches the house of Moopan (Kunjandy). Generally, the girls brought by Maluvamma are first enjoyed by Moopan and it was the opposition of Gowrikutty to be a prey to Moopan that caused all the riot in the village.  Maluvamma by this time convinces Moopan that Gowrikutty will be brought to him in a couple of days, and Moopan is convinced. He orders release of the trio, and Maluvamma takes them to her house. She lets Gopi to go for the deaf and dumb girl, while Zechariah opts to play cards with Devaki and the old man. Hilal enters inside the room of Gowrikutty.  But while trying to fondle her, she turns violent, making Hilal to forcefully go on for her. Hilal is shocked to find out that Gowrikutty is forcefully brought into the business by Maluvamma and is still a virgin. He sympathizes with her and asks her to tell her story. She tells him that she was sold to Maluvamma by her uncle after the death of her father. It was only a few days after the arrival at the house that she realized that it is a brothel. On refusing to entertain the clients, she was brutally assaulted by Maluvamma. She pleads Hilal to save her from the brothel. He promises to take her out and marry her. But his plan to take her out is foiled by Bhasi, Maluvamma's son. Hilal tells Gopi and Zechariah about Gowrikutty and Zechariah promises him to help him in saving her. Narayanan (Achankunju), a pimp of Panicker, a local feudal landlord, arrives and demands Maluvamma to release Gowrikutty along with him at night. Maluvamma agrees to it and asks him to come at night. That night, Gowrikutty refuses to go along with Narayanan, which enrages him. He returns to collect more people to avenge on Maluvamma. But she is now supported by Moopan, who sends a bunch of his henchmen for the security of the house. A few hours later, Narayanan is back with a dozen of his goons. He is attacked by the goons of Moopan and a riot sets out. Zechariah decides to use this opportunity and stab Bhasi, making Maluvamma to come out of her room. Using this opportunity, Hilal and Gopi take Gowrikutty and run out of the house. While escaping, Zechariah is attacked by Narayanan. In an attempt to save himself, Narayanan stabs Zechariah to death. Reaching a safe place, Gopi asks Hilal to run away with the girl and decides to go back to find out what had happened to Zechariah. He reaches out the house and calls out Zechariah's name loudly, but gets no response.

Cast
Mammootty as Zechariah
Ashokan as Hilal
Nedumudi Venu as Gopi
Gomathi as Gowrikutty
Sukumari as  Malu Amma
Unnimary as Devaki
Jagathi Sreekumar as Bhasi
Kunjandi as Moopan
Soorya
Achankunju as Narayanan
Kanakalatha as Sreedevi

Changes from the short story

Though the movie was adapted from his own short story with the same name, P. Padmarajan brought several changes to the script. While the short story does not give out the reason of how Zechariah, Gopi and Bilal reach the brothel, the film explains it in detail. While the short story had just a handful of characters, the film had more than a dozen characters. Several characters including Joseph, Panikkar, Narayanan and Devaki were added by Padmarajan.

References

External links

1980s Malayalam-language films
1986 drama films
1986 films
Films about prostitution in India
Films based on short fiction
Films with screenplays by Padmarajan
Films directed by Padmarajan


Thekkemala is a small sub-village of Kozhencherry in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India.

Transportation
Thekkemala is a big junction. The roads to Aranmula, Chengannur, Pandalam, and Pathanamthitta join in Thekkemala.

Churches
On the way to Kozhencherry there is a big Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church named Mar Beshanania Church. It's a four way junction leading to Pathanamthitta, Punnakadu, Aranmula.

There is also an Pentecostal Mission church named Thekkemala Apostolic Mission (TAMI).

Demographics
The majority of the population are Christians and Hindus.

References

Villages in Pathanamthitta district


Vanchitra is a small sub-village of Kozhencherry in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India.

Location
Vanchitra is on the banks of Pampa River. This place is known for its fertile soil and  beautiful, lush green landscape. Asia's biggest Christian convention held February of every year close to it.

Demographics
Majority of the population are Marthomite/Orthodox/Pentecostal Christians and Hindus.

References

Villages in Pathanamthitta district


Nyong-et-Kéllé is a department of Centre Province in Cameroon.
The department covers an area of 6,362 km and as of 2001 had a total population of 145,181. The capital of the department lies at Éséka.

Subdivisions
The department is divided administratively into 10 communes and in turn into villages.

Communes

 Biyouha
 Bondjock
 Bot-Makak
 Dibang
 Eséka
 Makak
 Matomb
 Messondo
 Ngog-Mapubi
 Ngui-Bassal

References

Departments of Cameroon
Centre Region (Cameroon)


Nyong-et-Mfoumou is a department of Centre Province in Cameroon. The department covers an area of 6,172 km and as of 2001 had a total population of 130,321. The capital of the department lies at Akonolinga.

Subdivisions
The department is divided administratively into five communes and in turn into villages.

Communes
 Akonolinga
 Ayos
 Endom
 Kobdombo
 Mengang

References

Departments of Cameroon
Centre Region (Cameroon)


In 2008 the Southern 100 motorcycle races on the Isle of Man featured a Solo Championship race, won by the Welsh rider Ian Lougher on a 1000cc Yamaha.

Race 11; Solo Championship Race
Thursday 10 July 2008 – Billown Circuit 4 laps (Reduced Race Distance) – 17.00 miles (25.76 km)

Fastest Lap; Ian Lougher – 2 minutes 28.301 seconds 103.169 mph

External links

South
2008 in British motorsport
2008


Cân i Gymru 2009 was the fortieth edition of S4C's Cân i Gymru, an annual Welsh singing contest. The 2009 edition was held in Venue Cymru, Llandudno. It was presented by Sarra Elgan and Rhydian Bowen Phillips. On the jury there were 6 judges. The winner was teacher Elfed Morgan with the song Gofiadau.

Participants

References

2009 in Wales
S4C original programming
2009
2009 song contests


Ben Laughlin may refer to:

 Ben Laughlin (cricketer) (born 1982), Australian international cricketer
 Ben Laughlin (ten-pin bowler), professional bowler
 Ben Laughlin (baseball), 19th century professional baseball player


Svetlana Grankovskaya (also spelt Svetlana Grankovskaia, born 22 February 1976) is a Ukrainian track racing cyclist from Kharkiv, and four times world champion. Despite being born in Ukraine, independent since 1991, she has represented Russia at world championships, Summer Olympics and World Cup events.

She missed a bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics, losing the sprint in the final against Anna Meares of Australia.

Palmarès

2001
1st Sprint, Track World Championships

2002
2nd Sprint, 2002 Track World Cup, Monterrey
3rd Keirin, 2002 Track World Cup, Monterrey
2nd Sprint, 2002 Track World Cup, Moscow

2003
1st Sprint, Track World Championships
1st Keirin, Track World Championships

2004
1st Sprint, Track World Championships
1st Sprint, 2004 Track World Cup, Moscow
1st Team Sprint, 2004 Track World Cup, Moscow (with Oksana Grichina)
4th Summer Olympics
2008
3rd Team Sprint, Round 1, 2008–2009 Track World Cup, Manchester

References

1976 births
Living people
Russian female cyclists
Cyclists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic cyclists for Russia
Sportspeople from Kharkiv
UCI Track Cycling World Champions (women)
Russian track cyclists
21st-century Russian women


Nyong-et-So'o is a department of Centre Province in Cameroon. The department covers an area of 3,581 km and as of 2001 had a total population of 142,907. The capital of the department lies at Mbalmayo.

Subdivisions
The department is divided administratively into 6 communes and in turn into villages.

Communes
 Akoeman
 Dzeng
 Mbalmayo
 Mengueme
 Ngomedzap
 Nkolmetet

References

Departments of Cameroon
Centre Region (Cameroon)


Patric Cabral Lalau (born 25 March 1989), simply known as Patric, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a right-back for Amazonas.

As an international for the Brazil under-20 team, he was often compared to fellow countryman Maicon.

Career
Patric started his career with local club Criciúma, where he played from 2007 to 2008.

In 2009, he was signed by Brasa, a proxy club for Energy Sports, both football agent and agent for investors. He was immediately loaned to São Caetano, in which he became an youth international player for the Brazilian under-20 team, where  In 2009, he played for Brazil at the 2009 South American Youth Championship, a tournament which Brazil won. After such fantastic displays for club and country, he received interest from Portuguese club Benfica.

On 18 April 2009, it was reported that Patric would join Benfica at the end of the season for a reported €2 million fee for 70% economic rights. It also revealed that Benfica paid €3 million immediately to Patric's former clubs when he was signed and Brasa paid back Benfica to buy 30% economic rights for €900,000 in 3 annual installments from 2009–10 season to 2011–12 season, despite Benfica signed Patric directly from Brasa.

On 29 Jun 2009, Patric was officially presented at Benfica's Estádio da Luz in Lisbon. In August 2009 Patric returned to Brazil for top division club Cruzeiro.

In January 2010, he left for Avaí on a season's long loan. In 2011 Benfica sold Patric's 100% registration rights   and 50% economic rights to Atlético Mineiro for a reported €1 million, Benfica remained eligible to 20% transfer fee that Mineiro received.

On 17 August 2011, in a match against Corinthians had an altercation with his coach, Cuca. He was subsequently told to practise away from the team. A series of loan deals followed. A month later, he signs his first loan deal, with Ponte Preta. There, he won promotion to the 2012 Série A.

In February 2012, Patric moves to Avaí on a second loan. He played his first match at 22 February against Joinville. In July 2012, he moved, this time to Náutico. In January 2013, he moved on loan for fourth time. In June 2013, Patric moved on loan for a fifth time, now to Sport Recife, where he would stay a further year, after a renewal of the loan deal was agreed. On 10 September 2014, he scored a hat-trick against Santos.

On 27 July 2021, Patric returned to Belo Horizonte and was presented as a new player of América Mineiro, after rescinding his contract with Sport Recife. He signed a contract until the end of the 2021 season.

Honours
Avaí
Campeonato Catarinense: 2010, 2012

Coritiba
Campeonato Paranaense: 2013

Sport Recife
Copa do Nordeste: 2014
Campeonato Pernambucano: 2014

Atlético Mineiro
Campeonato Mineiro: 2015, 2020

Vitória
Campeonato Baiano: 2017

Athletic Club
Recopa Mineira: 2023

Itabirito
Campeonato Mineiro - Módulo II: 2023

Amazonas
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C: 2023

Brazil
2009 South American Youth Championship: 2009

Footnotes

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
People from Criciúma
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players
Criciúma Esporte Clube players
Associação Desportiva São Caetano players
Cruzeiro Esporte Clube players
Associação Atlética Ponte Preta players
Clube Atlético Mineiro players
Avaí FC players
Clube Náutico Capibaribe players
Coritiba Foot Ball Club players
Sport Club do Recife players
Esporte Clube Vitória players
América Futebol Clube (MG) players
Athletic Club (MG) players
Itabirito Futebol Clube players
Amazonas Futebol Clube players
S.L. Benfica footballers
Brazil men's youth international footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Footballers from Santa Catarina (state)


Peri Pascha (English title On the Pascha) is a 2nd-century homily of Melito of Sardis written between A.D.160 and 170 in Asia Minor. It was discovered last century and first published in 1940. It describes Christian doctrine on the Paschal mystery in the style of Second Sophistic period. It was originally conjectured to have probably been recited with the kind of cantillation customary in scripture reading.
Its first editor, Campbell Bonner, entitled it mistakenly On the Passion. It was corrected to On the Pascha, thanks to the title found in the Papyrus Bodmer XIII, one of the Bodmer Papyri.

Text and style
One of the outstanding features of the Peri Pascha is its extensive use of classical rhetorical devices such as  homoioteleuton, polysyndeton, isocola, alliteration, chiastic antithesis and the deployment of  rhetorical questions. The extensive use of such devices argues against the hypothesis, advanced by some scholars, that it was originally written in Syriac.  In terms of literary genre, the original editor, the Michigan University papyrologist Campbell Bonner advanced the view, somewhat anachronistic, that it exhibited features of a Good Friday sermon. A general consensus formed that it was therefore to be classified as a type of homily. More recent commentaries entertain the idea, on the basis of the extensive use of rhetoric, that it is an example of declamation. Frank L. Cross proposed the idea that it was best read as a  Christian Passover haggadah.

Meditation on the Paschal mystery
Accepting the text as representing a homily, some have argued that it was initially pronounced during Easter festival night celebrated, according to the custom of Quartodecimans, together with Jewish Passover on the 14th of Nissan. As such a sermon its purpose would have been to reveal the meaning of Christ's Paschal mystery. Whatever its function it is the very first known use of the term Paschal mystery (literally  Mystery of the Pascha).

The text here appears to be inspired by the Jewish Haggadah of Pesach, especially the following antitheses:

Eusebius writes about Melito in his Historia Ecclesiastica that he celebrates Passover on the fourteenth of Nisan, rather than the Sunday following, hence he was a Quartodeciman.

Charges against the Jews
In this homily, Melito formulated the charge of deicide, which has been taken to mean the author accused Jews of responsibility for the crucifixion of Jesus. He proclaimed that
ὁ θεὸς πέφονευται. ὁ βασιλεὺς  τοῦ  Ἰσραὴλ ἀνῄρηται ὑπὸ δεξιᾶς  Ἰσραηλίτιδος.

The significance of Israel here is much debated. It can be construed variously to refer to either (a) the Biblical Jews, (b) contemporary Jews,  (c) inclusive of both (a) and (b), or (d) as a 'foil for Christian beliefs' involving a caricature of Judaism. Which of these reading proves more persuasive depends on several factors, such as the identification of the author as the Melito of Sardis, where archaeological excavations have brought to light remains of a vibrant Jewish community for this period. In such a context, it may reflect Christian fears of confident proselytizing by Jews, or a deep sense of their insecurity in the midst of a powerful Jewish majority, or again a reaction against outbursts of violence against Christians. These interpretations rest of somewhat frail assumptions, about the extent, for example, of attempts by Jews to press for conversion, and occasional Jewish persecutions were both sporadic and highly localized, as often as not instances of infra-communal bickering.

Some believe his preaching later inspired pogroms against the Jews. This has been challenged by scholars as historically tenuous. It is argued that this is a modern misreading of the text, and that, since the author espoused Quartodeciman beliefs, it is hard to imagine why he should be an advocate of any form of antisemitism.  Todd Russell Hanneken, for example, has written:
"In conclusion, we find Melito to be closer to the Prophets and the Sages than modern anti-Judaism. Melito identifies himself within the same tradition as those he criticizes, and he calls them to repentance with compassion." He preaches the victory over death achieved by Jesus having been himself led as a lamb. He clothed death with shame because he arose from the dead, and raised up mortals from the grave below (n. 67-68, cf. 100). In the context of Jesus' death and resurrection, Melito preaches forgiveness. Christ speaks of himself as of the one who is forgiveness itself:

The text is styled on the Gospel of John. Typical for Johannine eschatology is to assert that the salvation is already realized. The formula I am (Gr. Ego eimi) is borrowed from that Gospel e.g.: Jn 8:12; 11:25; 14:26.

References

Bibliography

 Bonner, Campbell, The Homily on the Passion by Melito, Bishop of Sardis, in: "Mélanges Franz Cumont = Annuaire de l'Institut de philologie et d'histoire orientales et slaves" 4 (1936), pp. 107–119.
 Cantalamessa, Raniero OFMCap, (1993) Easter in the Early Church. An Anthology of Jewish and Early Christian Texts, J.M. Quigley SJ, J.T. Lienhard SJ (translators & editors), Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, pp. 254. -
 Floyd V. Filson, "More Bodmer Papyri", The Biblical Archaeologist 25 (1962), pp. 50–57.
 Melito of Sardis. On Pascha and fragments (1979), Texts (Greek) and translation edits by S.G. Hall, Oxford, Clarendon Press, p. 99.
 Hall, S.G., "The Melito Papyri",Journal of Theological Studies, 19 (1968), pp. 476–508.
 Hall, S.G., (1970), Melito, Peri Pascha 1 and 2: Text and Interpretation, in: Kyriakon. Festschrift Johannes Quasten. Eds. Patrick Granfield and Josef A. Jungmann, 1:236-248, Münster, Aschendorff.

See also
 Didache
 The Shepherd of Hermas
 Paschal mystery
 Easter
 Passover

External links
 1989 translation full text

2nd-century Christian texts
Works by the Church Fathers
Ancient Christian controversies
Ancient Christian antisemitism


is a mountain in the Kitami Mountains. It is located on the border of Nishiokoppe, Shimokawa, and Takinoue, Hokkaidō, Japan.

References
 Geographical Survey Institute

Mountains of Hokkaido


Rathinirvedam () is a 1978 Indian Malayalam-language erotic film directed by Bharathan and written by P. Padmarajan based on his own novel of the same name. The plot revolves around a teenager, Pappu (Krishnachandran), who is sexually attracted to an older woman, Rathi (Jayabharathi).

The story-line of the film miffed many for its sensitive portrayal of the lead as well as garnered appreciation for its narrative. It is said to have redefined the art of movie making in South India, and hence regarded as a landmark in Indian film history. The film was also one of the biggest box office hits in Kerala's history. It inspires similar productions all over South India, even decades after its release.

Plot

The story takes place in a small village surrounded by hills and valleys. Young Pappu, a teenager, awaiting school results to go to college, has plenty of time on hand. His trouble is adolescence, but neither his mother nor his aunt can diagnose his affliction. Everything around him excites and stimulates his sexual curiosity. Twenty plus Rathi, the girl next door, has been chechi (elder sister) to him since he was a child. Unaware of the stirrings of his desire, she dismisses his first overtures to her as boyish pranks. But soon her feelings change.

She is sympathetic to the boy's confusion and goes to the sarppakkavu (cobra-shrine) to keep a midnight date with Pappu. It storms and thunders while Pappu makes love to Rathi. Only then do the storms—the one tormenting him inside his mind and the other raging thunderously on the outside, subside. Aghast at what has happened, Rathi stumbles to her feet but is bitten by a cobra but she goes back to her house and suffers in silence in order to prevent any scandal and the delay costs her life. Next morning Pappu leaves home for college and his new life, but he  is changed forever when he sees Rathi's dead body being taken away by a crowd.

Cast
Jayabharathi as Rathi
Krishnachandran as Pappu
Kaviyoor Ponnamma as Saraswathi
K.P.A.C. Lalitha as Bharathi
Meena as Narayaniyamma
Soman as Krishnan Nair
Adoor Bhasi
Master Manohar
Baby Sumathi as Shanthi
Bahadoor as Kochammani
T. R. Omana

Production
The film was produced by Hari Pothan under the banner of Supriya Films. It was mostly shot in Nelliampathi, Palakkad, Kerala. Director Bharathan had proposed to actress K.P.A.C. Lalitha after the shooting of this film. They remained together till the death of the former.

Soundtrack
The music was composed by G. Devarajan and the lyrics were written by Kavalam Narayana Panicker.

Analysis
Rathinirvedam is an incisive portrayal of a teenager's coming to terms with his budding libido that eventually drives him into a tabooed bond with an affable spinster in the neighbourhood. A teenage mind caught in the flux of sexual adolescence is captured beautifully through the lens by the director Bharathan. Steamy scenes restrict the movie to mature audiences. In typical Bharathan style, an unexpected climax leaves the audience in tears.  Jayabharathi gives a commendable performance as the titular character in this movie.

Legacy and criticism
Rathinirvedam is regarded as a landmark in Indian film history. It is one of the most sensuous movies of all time, and is said to have redefined the art of movie making in South India. The extremely erotic scenes performed by Jayabharathi sent heat waves across Kerala. Even when some of the intelligentsia predicted the beginning of a new era of parallel cinema, a major section of Malayalis were on the warpath saying that mainstream Malayalam cinema had degenerated to porn. But in spite of the criticism, Rathinirvedam became one of the biggest box office hits in Kerala's history. It inspires similar productions all over South India, even decades after its release. It is also blamed by several film historians for causing the influx of soft porn Malayalam films during the next two decades.

Remake

A remake of the film was made in 2011. It was directed by T. K. Rajeev Kumar. Shwetha Menon played the female lead, and Sreejith played the young male lead. Padmarajan himself was credited as the writer.

Awards
Filmfare Award for Best Film - Malayalam won by Hari Pothan (1978)

References

External links

1970s Malayalam-language films
1970s coming-of-age drama films
1970s erotic drama films
Films based on Indian novels
Films directed by Bharathan
Indian coming-of-age drama films
Indian erotic drama films
Films with screenplays by Padmarajan
1978 drama films
1978 films


UNIMA (Union Internationale de la Marionnette - International Puppetry Association) was founded in Prague in 1929 (the then Czechoslovak magazine Loutkář was UNIMA's first official journal in years 1929–1930). In 1981, the French puppeteer Jacques Félix moved UNIMA's headquarters to Charleville-Mézières, France, location of the Festival Mondial des Théâtres de Marionnettes since 1972. UNIMA is affiliated to UNESCO and it is a member of the International Theatre Institute.

National centers

There are National centers throughout the world, which include:
 UNIMA-USA founded by Jim Henson in 1966. In 1992  the Center for Puppetry Arts in Atlanta became the headquarters for UNIMA-USA
 UNIMA Australia
 UNIMA Pakistan
 British UNIMA
 UNIMA France - THEMAA
UNIMA Spain

UNIMA World Congresses
World congresses have been held in:
 1929: Prague (Presidency: Jindřich Veselý)
 1929: Paris
 1930: Liège
 1933: Ljubljana (New presidency: Josef Skupa) (New General Secretary: Jan Malík)
 1957: Prague (New presidency: Max Jacob)
 1958: Bucharest
 1960: Bochum-Braunschweig
 1962: Warsaw
 1966: Munich
 1969: Prague (New presidency: Jan Bussell)
 1972: Charleville-Mézières (New General Secretary: Henryk Jurkowski)
 1976: Moscow (New presidency: Sergej Obrazcov)
 1980: Washington D.C. (New General Secretary: Jacques Felix)
 1984: Dresden (New presidency: Henryk Jurkowski)
 1988: Nagoya
 1992: Ljubljana (New presidency: Sirppa Sivori-Asp)
 1996: Budapest
 2000: Magdeburg (New presidency: Margareta Niculescu)
 2004: Rijeka (New presidency: Massimo Schuster) (New General Secretary: Miguel Arreche)
 2008: Perth (New presidency: Dadi Pudumjee) (New General Secretary: Jacques Trudeau)
 2012: Chengdu
 2016: Tolosa
 2020: Bali : Holds non-face-to-face online a year later because of COVID-19
 2025: To be held in Chuncheon

See also

 Puppetry
 World Puppetry Day
 Kenya Institute of Puppet Theatre (KIPT)

References

External links

 British UNIMA

Arts organizations established in 1922


The Museum of Sonoma County, commonly known as the Sonoma County Museum, is a non-profit organization located in downtown Santa Rosa, California. Its 7th St. campus comprises the historic 1910 Santa Rosa Post Office, a contemporary art gallery, and a sculpture garden. Between the two buildings, the Museum presents 10-12 rotating exhibitions per year and maintains a permanent collection of over 18,000 objects that document the region's rich history and celebrate local artists. The historic post office is on the National Register of Historic Places.

History

Santa Rosa’s Historic 1910 Post Office and Federal Building
Originally housed in the old adobe home on Maria Carrillo's Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa, the Santa Rosa Post Office was later relocated in the Atheneum Theatre building on Fifth and D Streets. It was finally slated to be given a permanent home through a bill introduced in the House of Representatives on March 8, 1906. The legislation called for “the purchase of a site and erection of a public building at Santa Rosa, California . . . a suitable building with fireproof vaults therein, for the accommodation of the post-office and other government offices . . . ” with the entire amount of funding not to exceed “the sum of one hundred thousand dollars.” A month after the legislation was introduced, the 1906 earthquake destroyed most of downtown Santa Rosa. As a result, the Santa Rosa Post Office operated temporarily out of Jenkins Grocery, surrounded by wreckage and debris.

Local hop dealer, C.C. Donovan, wrote to James Knox Taylor, Supervising Architect of Federal Buildings, asking him to give priority to the construction of the new Post Office slated for Santa Rosa. Taylor (known as the national architect) designed a structure that linked architectural design to the history, environment, and culture of the community and its surroundings. The new Santa Rosa Post Office building was an example of Classic Federal Architecture in California, a design style greatly influenced by the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893.

Construction of the new Post Office located at Fifth and A Streets began in 1908. The building process was a community effort, exemplified by determination and superior craftsmanship. The Santa Rosa-based contracting firm of Hoyt Bros. hired local firms to complete the majority of the interior and exterior work. Henry Kroncke of the Santa Rosa Planing Mills did the interior woodwork. J. C. Mailer Hardware installed the building's plumbing. Stone contractor, George Reilly, was responsible for the Bedford stone columns and marble terrazzo floors.

Technologically, the building was ahead of its time. Ray Oil Burner Company of San Francisco installed a new automatic oil burning system, which was not shown publicly in the Bay Area until the 1915 Panama Pacific Exposition in San Francisco. In addition to heating the building, the system provided hot showers for the mail carriers. On March 9, 1910, Post Master H. L. Tripp and his postal staff moved into the newly completed Santa Rosa Post Office.

Moving the Museum
The Santa Rosa Main Post Office was eventually relocated to 2nd Street and following the 1969 earthquake that ravaged much of downtown Santa Rosa, the historic post office was slated to be razed to make way for a mall. Architect Dan Peterson led the campaign to save the post office by proposing that it be moved out of the path of urban renewal. Starting in April 1979, workmen raised the great structure and lay before it a bed of rails and a network of pulleys and cables. The building moved, but almost imperceptibly — an average of 36 feet a day. The building was moved over 750 feet to its new home on 7th street, between A and B streets. Architect Dan Petersen restored it as a museum and placed the building onto the National Register of Historic Places. It reopened in 1985 as the Sonoma County Museum.

Sculpture Garden
The Sculpture Garden was designed by Frederic Warnecke, a Landscape Architect, son of renown architect John Carl Warnecke. It opened in the summer of 2011 and was dedicated to Evert B. and Norma Person.

Contemporary Art, Expansion, and Name Change
In 2001, Tom Golden of Freestone donated his collection of some 125 drawings, sculptures, collages and photographs by world-famous conceptual artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude, remembered in Sonoma and Marin counties for their ‘70s project “Running Fence,” with white nylon fabric stretching more than 20 miles cross-country to Bodega Bay. In 2005, the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) merged with the Sonoma County Museum, when that organization scrapped plans for a $5.5 million facility at the Luther Burbank Center for the Arts. In 2015, the Museum expanded east into the remodeled back half of former Conklin Brothers flooring company warehouse at Seventh and B streets. The expansion came with a rebranding and the Sonoma County Museum was reborn as twins, with one museum for art (Art Museum of Sonoma County) and one for history (History Museum of Sonoma County), under the parent organization of the Museums of Sonoma County.
In 2018, the museum underwent a final name change to Museum of Sonoma County. The change from plural to singular reflects the Museum’s vision of being recognized as one organization with two buildings, multiple galleries, and a sculpture garden on its Seventh Street campus, rather than two separate entities (“Art Museum of Sonoma County” and “History Museum of Sonoma County”) under the umbrella of a parent organization ("Museums of Sonoma County"). “With our new name change, the Museum aims to bring art and history in alignment to allow for a more synergistic relationship between the two,” said Jeff Nathanson, Executive Director. “We are reimagining the Museum as a major cultural destination for the region, with a wide range of art and history programs for people of all ages and backgrounds.”

Collection
The museum maintains a permanent collection of over 18,000 objects that document the region's rich history and celebrate artists who have lived or worked in the North Bay. It includes extensive collections of historic paintings, sculpture, photographs, prints, costumes, textiles, ceramics, glass, industrial tools, machinery, wood sculpture, furniture, objects, documents, and graphics relative to the local communities, commerce, technologies, and lifestyles. Notable collections include:

 Tom Golden's Christo and Jeanne-Claude collection, which the museum offers as a traveling exhibition. It includes 125 drawings, sculptures, collages, and photographs by world-famous conceptual artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude, remembered in Sonoma and Marin counties for their ‘70s project “Running Fence,”
 Marguerite Wildenhain ceramics
 Carroll Barnes sculptures
 19th century California landscapes by artists such as Thomas Hill, Frederick Farina Schafer, and Frederick Butman
 Objects and artifacts related to the utopian community of Fountaingrove, Thomas Lake Harris, and Kanaye Nagasawa
 Song Wong Bourbeau (1909-1996), a third-generation Santa Rosan, was known throughout Santa Rosa not only as an astute businesswoman, but for her tireless dedication as a community activist and philanthropist. Over two hundred photographs and artifacts make up this extensive collection, representing the rich and significant history and culture of Santa Rosa's Chinatown and Chinese community.

See also

List of United States post offices

References

External links

Museums in Santa Rosa, California
Museums established in 1985
Renaissance Revival architecture in California
Art museums and galleries in California
History museums in California
1985 establishments in California


Serbia has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film under three different names since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. Despite the name changes, all submitted films since 1994 have been Serbian productions.

The Foreign Film Award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue.

, 28 Serbian films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but none of them have been accepted as nominees. In January 2008, it was announced that the acclaimed Serbian thriller The Trap had made the nine-film Oscar shortlist but it ultimately failed to make the final five. Furthermore, six films representing Yugoslavia received Oscar nominations between 1959 and 1992, most or all of which had significant Serbian input.

Submissions
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1956. The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films. Following this, they vote via secret ballot to determine the five nominees for the award. Below is a list of the films that have been submitted by Serbia and its predecessor states for review by the Academy for the award by year and the respective Academy Awards ceremony.

See also
 List of Kosovan submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
 List of Montenegrin submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
List of Yugoslav submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
List of Academy Award winners and nominees for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Academy Award-winning foreign language films
Cinema of Serbia

Notes

References

External links
The Official Academy Awards Database
The Motion Picture Credits Database
IMDb Academy Awards Page

Serbia
Academy


Boumba-et-Ngoko is a department of East Province in Cameroon. The department covers an area of 30,389 km and as of 2001 had a total population of 116,702. The capital of the department lies at Yokadouma.

Subdivisions
The department is divided administratively into 4 communes and in turn into villages.

Communes
 Gari-Gombo
 Moloundou
 Salapoumbé
 Yokadouma

See also
Communes of Cameroon

References

Departments of Cameroon
East Region (Cameroon)


Maskil Moses Hirschel (13 September 1754 – 24 June 1818 Breslau) was a German writer, polemicist and chess author.

Hirschel was a representative of the Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment, in Kingdom of Prussia toward the end of the 18th century.

He published the first German translation of the chess writings of Gioachino Greco, together with a re-edition of Philipp Stamma in Das Schach des Herrn Giochimo Greco Calabrois und die Schachspiel Geheimniße des Arabers Philipp Stamma übersezt, verbeßert und nach einer ganz neuen Methode zur Erleichterung der Spielenden umgearbeitet (Breslau 1784, Nachdruck Zürich: Olms 1979 und 1987). Hirschel's translation of the two chess classics was significant as their publication helped to popularize algebraic notation in Germany.

He also wrote Ueber das Schachspiel, dessen Nutzen, Gebrauch und Mißbrauch, psychologisch, moralisch und scientisisch erörtert (Breslau 1791).

Hirschel also published the following polemic works which were influential in the inner Jewish debates of the late 18th Century: Kampf der Jüdischen Hierarchie (Breslau 1789); Jüdische Intoleranz und Fanatismus in Breslau (1789); Patriotische Bemerkungen (1790); Ueber die Allzufrühen Ehen der Jüdischen Nation (Breslau 1790); Biographie des Jüdischen Gelehrten und Dichters Ephraim Moses Kuh (Zurich, 1791); Apologie der Menschenrechte (Zurich, 1793); Vier Briefe über Schlesien (Breslau 1796).

Disappointed with the lack of reform within the Breslau Rabbinat at the time, Hirschel converted to Lutheranism with his entire family on 25 May 1804 taking the name "Christian Moritz Herschel".

References

External links
Moses Hirschel: Unterricht für Schachspieler (1795 edition of the Greco / Stamma book)

1754 births
1818 deaths
Writers from Wrocław
People from the Province of Silesia
18th-century German Jews
German chess players
Jewish chess players
German chess writers
German male non-fiction writers


Haut-Nyong is a department of East Province in Cameroon. The department covers an area of 36,384 km and as of 2001 had a total population of 216,768. The capital of the department lies at Abong-Mbang.

Subdivisions
The department is divided administratively into 14 communes and in turn into villages.

Communes
 Abong-Mbang
 Angossas
 Atok
 Dimako
 Doumaintang
 Doumé
 Lomié
 Mboma
 Messamena
 Messok
 Mindourou
 Ngoyla
 Nguelemendouka
 Somalomo

References

Departments of Cameroon
East Region (Cameroon)


Marmmaram is a 1982 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Bharathan. The film stars Nedumudi Venu, Bharath Gopi, Jalaja and KPAC Lalitha . The film has musical score by M. S. Viswanathan. The film won the Kerala State Film Awards including Best Lyrics for Kavalam Narayana Panikkar.

Plot
Narayana Iyer / Nanu is a Tamil Brahmin school headmaster who comes to a hill station school on transfer. He is accompanied by his mother and sister. Nanu starts to bring more discipline in to the wayward school and makes it more organized. He is smitten by the music teacher Nirmala and soon both fall in love with each other. Iyer brings home Nirmala and introduces her to the family, even going to the lengths of cancelling her transfer by influencing the DEO during his sister's marriage. He finally professes his love to her only for Nirmala to reveal that she's already married and has a son from that marriage who now lives with her father, and she visits in between. Her husband is a Naxalite on the run from police and he's on the run now for 4 years without any information. They had a family life close to 2 years only after which he took up arms and became an extremist. Nirmala doesn't know whether he is dead/alive or behind bars since there's a bounty on his head by the government. Iyer is confused for a while, but finally decides to marry her at his colleague Devan's advice. He brings home Nirmala who is hesitantly accepted by Nanu's mother. One day Nirmala receives a telegram informing that her son is ill and admitted to hospital. Nirmala takes a reluctant Iyer to the hospital to be with her son and Iyer eventually returns to school. He's upset when Nirmala is not yet back after a week. She finally arrives with her son to Iyer's house saying that she was late since the hospital discharged her son now only. Iyer's mother leaves home when he breaks the news to his mother that Nirmala has a kid out of first marriage. Iyer is upset at the turn of events, but eventually warms up to Nirmala's son. One night when they return from outside, they find that Nirmala's first husband Gopi has come to their house to see her and his son. Iyer lets him inside and asks Nirmala to serve him food. Gopi is on the run from police after a jail break and fears for his life. He leaves the house after food, telling both Iyer and Nirmala that he is happy at the turn of events. Just as he leaves their compound into the darkness, he is shot dead by the police. A helpless Nirmala breaks down and is consoled by Iyer.

Cast

Nedumudi Venu as Narayana Iyer
Bharath Gopi as Gopi, Nirmala's Husband
Jalaja as Nirmala
KPAC Lalitha as Thressayamma
Jose as Devan
Aroor Sathyan
Lalithasree as Mrs. Sheshadri
Master Anoop
Meena as Narayana Iyer's Mother
Prathima
Sairabhanu
Vanchiyoor Radha
Savithri

Soundtrack
The music was composed by M. S. Viswanathan and the lyrics were written by Kavalam Narayana Panicker.

References

External links

1982 films
Films directed by Bharathan
1980s Malayalam-language films
1980s romance films
Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan
Indian romance films


The outdoor drama, also known as the symphonic outdoor drama or symphonic drama, is a kind of historical play, often featuring music and dance, staged in outdoor amphitheaters in the location it depicts.

It is most like the historical pageants performed in Europe in the Middle Ages. The best known example of a religious pageant in this style is the Oberammergau Passion Play, performed in Oberammergau, Germany since 1643. Many spectacular outdoor stage events became popular in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These pageants were not narrative dramas in the traditional sense, but they showed a series of scenes in which historical events followed one another.

The pageants leading up to the 1937 production of The Lost Colony were influenced by the event at Oberammergau. People in eastern North Carolina were encouraged to share the history of the lost colony of Roanoke — which had been largely forgotten. The residents of Roanoke Island sought to share the story with the world by staging a pageant.

Southern playwright and Lost Colony author Paul Green had a lifelong fascination with theatrical elements such as dance, language, music, and lighting, and a desire for drama to make a difference in American social life. Green was deeply influenced by Frederick Koch, a professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, who had developed ideas about “folk drama” and a concern for ordinary people and their experiences. He was also a close collaborator with the musician Lamar Stringfield who published a book of arrangements of Appalachian folk songs with Bascom Lamar Lunsford in 1929 and founded the Institute of Folk Music at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1930. Stringfield provided the original music for the Lost Colony.

"By 'people's theatre', I mean theatre in which plays are written, acted and produced for and by the people for their enjoyment and enrichment and not for any special monetary profit."

Pulitzer Prize winner Paul Green wrote those words about The Lost Colony in 1938, a year after its debut. By then, America's first outdoor symphonic drama was a critical and popular success, proof that "people's theatre" could work.

In addition to receiving the 1927 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his Broadway play In Abraham's Bosom — remarkable for the time in its serious depiction of the plight of African Americans in the South — Green created and spread this new dramatic form.

The Lost Colony was presented with a Tony Award in 2013, recognizing the enduring appeal of the form.

References

Community theatre


The Halliwick Concept focuses on biophysical principles of motor control in water, in particular developing sense of balance (equilibrioception) and core stability.  The Halliwick Ten-Point-Programme implements the concept in a progressive programme of mental adjustment, disengagement, and development of motor control, with an emphasis on rotational control, and applies the programme to teach physically disabled people balance control, swimming, and independence.  Halliwick Aquatic Therapy (also known as Water Specific Therapy, WST), implements the concept in patient-specific aquatic therapy for application in rehabilitation of injury and disability.

The Halliwick Concept
The Halliwick Concept was originally developed by fluid mechanics engineer James McMillan in the late 1940s and 1950s, at the Halliwick School for Girls with Disabilities in London, to teach physically disabled people independence in water.  Based on fluid mechanics, McMillan developed teaching and therapeutic approaches to enhance sense of balance (equilibrioception) and core stability.

According to the Halliwick Concept, physical properties of water form the basis for therapeutic intervention:
Turbulence, Flow, and Resistance: Turbulent moving water provides resistance,; therefore balance is lost slowly and there is time to react and learn motor control.
Buoyancy: Buoyancy provides an easy way to change position, which influences the vestibular system in sensory integration.
Buoyancy, Gravity, and Rotational Torques: Buoyancy forces counteract gravity forces and create rotational torques (metacentric effects). These torques can be used to increase load on connective tissue.

The first part of the concept, the Halliwick Ten-Point-Programme, incorporates these biophysical principles and focuses on mental adjustment, disengagement, and development of motor control, with an emphasis on rotational control, and is applied to teach participation in water activities, moving independently in water, and swimming. McMillan emphasized participation and independence: the willingness to lose balance and knowing how to stand up again.

The second part of the concept, Halliwick Aquatic Therapy (also known as Water Specific Therapy, WST), applies the fundamental biophysical principles and the underlying principles of the Ten-Point-Programme for planning and implementing patient-specific aquatic therapy.

Technique

The Halliwick Ten-Point-Programme

The first part of the Halliwick Concept implements the Halliwick Ten-Point-Programme to develop balance control, swimming skills, and independence:
Mental Adjustment: adjusting turbulence and buoyancy, learning breath control, cultivating confidence and good attitude.
Disengagement: reducing reliance on instructor, changing instructors, practicing independently.
Transversal Rotation Control: learning movement in the sagittal plane around a transverse axis, in particular, regaining the upright position from the horizontal position, and the horizontal position from the upright position; eventually learning somersaulting.
Sagittal Rotation Control: learning movement in the transverse plane around a sagittal axis, controlling activities that involve trunk side flexion, such as side stepping.
Longitudinal Rotation Control: learning movement around a longitudinal axis, controlling activities that involve rolling over.
Combined Rotation Control: learning to control any combination of rotations executed in a single movement; once learned a swimmer can control position in pool and is safe.
Upthrust or Mental Inversion: learning about buoyancy, in particular that water always pushes up.
Balance in Stillness: learning to maintain a relaxed body while floating and with turbulence.
Turbulent Gliding: learning to control the position of the body while being moved by the instructor.
Simple Progression and Basic Swimming Movement: progressing from simple propulsive movements to coordinated arm, leg, head, and torso movements required for swimming.

Halliwick Aquatic Therapy

The second part of the Halliwick Concept, known as Halliwick Aquatic Therapy (also called Water Specific Therapy, WST) is an aquatic therapy approach developed in Bad Ragaz, Switzerland since 1974. Halliwick Aquatic Therapy is a system-oriented aquatic motor (re)learning approach, which includes elements of the Ten-Point-Programme. It uses a holistic task-directed approach within the context of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), in particular postural control, normalizing muscle stiffness, and facilitation of movement to attain functional goals on land. It also follows training guidelines of physiology and its clinical reasoning in various patient populations. Most Halliwick therapy is active (dynamic) to facilitate movement and sensory input. Halliwick also has a passive (static) component, in which, for example involving selective activation of muscles and stabilization of specific joints by the therapist. Halliwick Aquatic Therapy is a problem-solving approach, in that specific possibilities and constraints of the client are analyzed in order to plan a systematic intervention to help the client gain functional increases.

Applications

The Halliwick Ten-Point-Programme has been applied for teaching swimming to people with disability, as well as more broadly as a general approach to teaching swimming and working with disability.

Halliwick Aquatic Therapy has mainly used in neurorehabilitation and pediatrics. It has resemblances to Bobath and Conductive education. In neurological and paediatric rehabilitation, clients can experience early mobility. The mechanical advantages of water support the abilities of the trunk in a mobilising and stabilising way. In this sense Halliwick is a constraint-induced movement therapy without the disadvantage of gravity compensation.  Many activities easily can be repeated and varied and clients can learn balance- and stumble- strategies, which have carry-over effects to dry land. This application in fall prevention is extended by using obstacle courses or Ai Chi.

Halliwick also enables a graded activity programme: with low mechanical impact and increasing physiological demand, chronic low back pain patients and others can increase their functional capacity in a mostly joyful way.

References

External links
History of Halliwick development in the UK (1949 – 1970): The Halliwick Story part one
Historical Films of McMillan: Video

Aquatic therapy
Swimming
Physical therapy
Rehabilitation medicine
Hydrotherapy


TANZA was a pioneering New Zealand record label, from 1949 to 1956. TANZA stands for To Assist New Zealand Artists, and was the first company to record and produce records in New Zealand. The majority were 78 rpm records, with some 45 rpm records and LPs produced from 1952.

History
The label was started by the Radio Corporation of New Zealand Limited (RCNZ), which manufactured Columbus and Courtenay radios and radiograms, sold through their Columbus Radio Centre 30  retail outlets.  The Managing Director and founder of RCNZ, Mr W. Marks (born William Markov),  was single minded in concentrating the development of the company on the design and manufacture of radios and apart from some wartime production this was the case until his death in late 1946.

Following his death his eldest son Alex became Managing Director and the Directors and executives realised that the company needed to expand and recording was chosen as a new venture.

Fred Green, RZNZ Production Manager, approached Stan Dallas, then at radio station 2ZB, to set up a recording studio to record advertisements for the advertising industry which was to be the main business of TANZA. Originally on acetate discs but later pressed in Vinyl. Bart Fortune, the RCNZ Sales & Marketing manager devised the name TANZA.

The recording studio  was established at 262 Wakefield Street, Wellington. The building had been a Brass Foundry and was handy to the RCNZ Head Office & Factory at 80 Courtenay Place.
After clearing the space of some 50 years of foundry operations the ground floor initially contained  one large and two small recording studios and a central control room at the rear of the building. Later the first floor at the front of the building was to become the pressing plant  with three record presses and associated equipment. Auckland recordings were made at Astor studio in Shortland Street, by engineer Noel Peach.

For about two years the HMV (NZ) Ltd. had been supplying the New Plymouth and Dannevirke Columbus shops with records for retail sale and although RCNZ was hopeful that further shops might be included this was not to be the case and in mid 1948 the supply agreement was cancelled. It was this action that prompted RCNZ to set up their pressing plant as quickly as possible and by the end of 1948 they were able to press records from stampers supplied by Australian Record Company (ARC) and by early 1949 they were able to process their own originals and the first was "Blue Smoke".

The parent company RCNZ was bought by PYE Industries of Auckland about 1958. The Wellington studio was purchased by HMV NZ (later EMI NZ) in 1962.

Recordings

"Blue Smoke" TANZA Green Label 1, was recorded by Pixie Williams and the Ruru Karaitiana Quintette. The song though labeled as recorded 3 October 1948, was actually recorded February 1949 and released about March/April 1949; it sold over 50,000 copies. The second TANZA record was Paekakariki: The land of the Tiki by Ken Avery. Other artists recorded included The Tumbleweeds, the Star Dusters, Pat McMinn, Esme Stephens, Crombie Murdoch and jazz vocalist Mavis Rivers. About 300 78s were pressed (excluding private recordings), plus 31 45s (26 & 5 EP) and 4 LPs (3 10” & 1 12”). The original concept of recording advertisements and distributing them to radio stations on vinyl discs proved to be a major success and some 4250 single side discs were produced in the seven years that TANZA studios were operating, an average of 12 per week.

Stan Dallas became the studio manager and engineer and was assisted by John Shears initially. Others involved were Tony Hall (record pressing manager), John Shears (copyrights and marketing), Jack Christie (copyrights), Terry Petersen (assistant to Stan Dallas), Tony Small (studio assistant), and Graeme Thompson (process).

References

External links
 Paekakariki in the land of the Tiki poster for 1948 song recorded by TANZA, with photo of singer/composer Ken Avery from Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand

Further reading
The TANZA Catalogue by Dennis O. Huggard (1994, 5th edition 2004)
The TANZA Saga: the story of New Zealand's pioneer record label by Bill Hamer (1992)
Blue Smoke: the Lost Dawn of Popular Music in New Zealand, 1918-1964 by Chris Bourke (2010), Auckland University Press, ,

New Zealand record labels
Defunct companies of New Zealand


The Domodossola–Milan railway line is a major Italian railway route and an important part of the European rail network. It is one of Italy's busiest lines for both passenger and freight trains. The line connects Milan and Domodossola with Brig, an important Swiss railway junction, via the Simplon Tunnel. Direct passenger trains ran from Brig to Paris (via Lausanne and Geneva ) and Brussels  and Luxembourg via Basel. The line runs through lower Varese Province, the valley of Ossola and along the shore of Lake Maggiore.

History
The line was completed to Gallarate in the early 1860s and was extended over the Ticino River in 1882, reaching Domodossola in 1888. The Simplon Tunnel was completed and the line extended to it from Domodossola in 1906; it was duplicated in 1922. It was part of the Società per le strade ferrate dell'Alta Italia (Upper Italian Railways) from 1865, the Società per le Strade Ferrate del Mediterraneo (Mediterranean Railway Company) from 1885 and Ferrovie dello Stato from 1905.

Route
The line is fully electrified at 3,000 volts DC and is double track. In some stretches between Arona and Domodossola, the two tracks are not adjacent: the southbound line towards Milan runs directly along the shore of Lake Maggiore; the northbound line towards Domodossola is located a little inland because of the local geography. At Domodossola the electrification system changes to the Swiss system of 15,000 volts AC 16.7 Hz for the Simplon Tunnel.

The regional passenger rail service is operated by Trenord. The section between Gallarate and Milan is also served by suburban line S5. The railway is also served by long-distance Eurocity and EuroNight trains, as well as the high-speed Cisalpino trains, which connect Milan to the Swiss cities of Lausanne, Geneva, Bern and Basel.

The Domodossola–Milan line is also used by freight trains operated by Trenitalia Cargo, SBB Cargo Italia and other private companies.

The line passes through the metropolitan area to the northwest of Milan, across the plain towards Gallarate. It continues through the forests of lower Varese Province towards Lake Maggiore. After Sesto Calende it crosses the Ticino River on an iron bridge, which was opened to traffic in 1882. State road 33 (the Milan–Simplon Pass road) uses the same bridge, above the railway. From Arona, the line largely runs along the western shore of Lake Maggiore, keeping above the shore, passing through the major tourist town of Stresa. After Baveno, it enters the Toce plain and runs for about  up the Ossola valley to Domodossola. It then approaches the Simplon Tunnel through nine tunnels including the  Varzo Tunnel, which is built as a spiral in order to gain height.

See also
 List of railway lines in Italy

References

Railway lines in Lombardy
Railway lines in Piedmont


Lom-et-Djerem is a department of East Province in Cameroon. The department covers an area of 26,345 km and as of 2001 had a total population of 228,691. The capital of the department lies at Bertoua.

Subdivisions
The department is divided administratively into 8 communes and in turn into villages.

Communes
 Bélabo
 Bertoua
 Bétaré-Oya
 Diang
 Garoua-Boulaï
 Mandjou
 Ngoura

References

Departments of Cameroon
East Region (Cameroon)


The M4 Survival Rifle was a .22 calibre bolt-action rifle developed after World War II as part of the survival gear stored under the seat of American military aircraft. It was designed to give downed aircrew a survival weapon for foraging wild game for food.

History
The M4 was developed from the Harrington & Richardson bolt-action M265 sporting rifle, adapted to a sheet metal frame with telescoping wire buttstock, a 14-inch detachable barrel chambered for .22 Hornet and the 4 shot detachable box magazine of the Savage Stevens M23D .22 Hornet sporting rifle. The M4 weighs approximately four pounds and with barrel detached and telescoping stock closed makes a ~14 inch overall package.

Due to the possible use of the M4 by downed aircrew as a combat weapon, the military issue soft point ammunition in .22 Hornet carried a prohibition against this on the cartridge boxes: "Under no circumstances is the ammunition to be used for offensive or defensive measures against enemy personnel. This ammunition is provided for use with your emergency survival rifle for the killing of game for food under emergency survival conditions only." This was to comply with the Hague Convention barring the use of expanding bullets in warfare. It was later self-determined by the USAF that exigent circumstances and self-defense would have exempted soft point ammunition from that provision.

In the 1950s, the M4 was supplanted by the M6 Aircrew Survival Weapon and the M4 was phased out along with the decommissioning of the aircraft containing M4 as part of their survival package. The Armalite AR-5 (MA-1) was approved as a replacement for the M4 but no significant quantities of the AR-5 were procured, as there were sufficient numbers of M4 and M6 in inventory to meet USAF needs.

Users

See also
List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces
List of firearms

References

External links

Survival guns
Bolt-action rifles of the United States
United States Army Air Corps
United States Army Air Forces
United States Air Force


FC Avtodor Vladikavkaz () was a Russian association football club from Vladikavkaz, founded in 1983. It first played on the professional level in 1990. The highest level it ever achieved was Russian First Division where it played in 1993 and 1994. From 1992 to 1994 the club was called FC Avtodor-Olaf Vladikavkaz and in 1995 it was called FC Avtodor-BMK Vladikavkaz.

In early 2011, it failed licensing for the Russian Second Division due to high debts.

League History

Soviet Union

Russia

External links
Official website

Association football clubs established in 1983
Association football clubs disestablished in 2011
Defunct football clubs in Russia
Sport in Vladikavkaz
1983 establishments in Russia
2011 disestablishments in Russia


Kadey (also spelled Kadéï, Kadéi, Kadeï or Kadei) is a department of East Province in Cameroon. The department covers an area of 15,884 km and as of 2001 had a total population of 192,927. The capital of the department lies at Batouri.

Subdivisions
 The department is divided administratively into 7 communes and in turn into villages.

Communes

 Batouri
 Kentzou
 Kette
 Mbang
 Ndelele
 Nguelebok
 Ouli

See also
 Kadéï River

References

Departments of Cameroon
East Region (Cameroon)


Ernesto "Chico" Escárrega (born 27 December 1949) is a Mexican former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the Chicago White Sox in their 1982 season.

Baseball career
Escárrega debuted in 1970 in the Mexican League playing for the Diablos Rojos del México and won the Rookie of the Year award that same season, with a 5–1 record. In 1973, Escárrega was traded to the Pericos de Puebla, where he played for the next eight seasons.

Escárrega was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Chicago White Sox after having pitched ten years in the Mexican League.

Escárrega entered major league baseball in 1982, as a 32-year-old rookie, the year that future Hall-of-Famer Cal Ripken Jr. ended up winning the AL rookie of the year title. Pitching primarily in relief, he went 1-3 in 73.2 innings with a 3.67 ERA, 33 strikeouts and a WHIP of 1.21.

The White Sox sold Escárrega back to the Mexican League's Diablos Rojos del México after the 1982 season. He pitched in Mexico in 1983–84 and again in 1988.

In 2002, Escárrega was elected to the Mexican Professional Baseball Hall of Fame.

References

External links
, or Baseball Almanac, or Retrosheet

1949 births
Living people
Acereros de Monclova players
Algodoneros de Unión Laguna players
Angeles de Puebla players
Baseball players from Sinaloa
Cañeros de Los Mochis players
Chicago White Sox players
Diablos Rojos del México players
Edmonton Trappers players
Ganaderos de Tabasco players
Leones de Yucatán players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from Mexico
Mexican Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
Mexican expatriate baseball players in Canada
Mexican expatriate baseball players in the United States
Mexican League baseball pitchers
Pericos de Puebla players
Piratas de Campeche players
Rieleros de Aguascalientes players
Sportspeople from Los Mochis


Mike Hennessy is a British rower, who represented Great Britain at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

Career
Hennessy began rowing in 1995 whilst at Queen Mary, University of London for the university boat club. Quickly making a name for himself, he was national lightweight single scull champion in 1999, before making his GB international debut in 2001 and finished fifth in the lightweight eight at the world championships. He then raced in the four in 2002, reached the final of two world cups and the B Final of the world champs.

The following year, Hennessy raced in the lightweight men’s four at the Lucerne World Cup Finals (2003) before going on to finish sixth in the lightweight eight and fourth in the lightweight men’s pair at the Milan World Cup (2003).

During 2004, Hennessy represented Great Britain at the Summer Olympics in Athens, and was winner of the GB National Team Trials in the lightweight men’s pair in 2004 and was part of the lightweight men’s four at all three world cups in 2004.

In 2006 he was part of the crew that set a course record at Head of the River Fours

Hennessy currently rows for the Tideway Scullers.

References

English male rowers
Olympic rowers for Great Britain
Rowers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Alumni of Queen Mary University of London
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


Bamboutos is a department of West Region in Cameroon. The department covers an area of 1,173 km and as of 2005 had a total population of 292,410. The capital of the department lies at Mbouda.

Subdivisions
The department is divided administratively into 4 communes and in turn into villages.

Communes
 Babadjou
 Batcham
 Mbouda

Galim

References

Departments of Cameroon
West Region (Cameroon)


Sudol may refer to:

Places in Poland
Sudoł, Lubusz Voivodeship
Sudół, Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Sudół, Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Sudół, Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Other uses
Sudol (surname), a surname

See also