This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Butte County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Butte County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 4 properties listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Butte


This is a detailed table of the National Register of Historic Places listing in Camas County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a detailed table of the property on the National Register of Historic Places in Camas County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; this may be seen in a map.

There is 1 property listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also
 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Camas


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Canyon County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Canyon County, Idaho, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a Google map.

There are 47 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

Former listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Canyon


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Caribou County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Caribou County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 8 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Caribou


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Cassia County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Cassia County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 7 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Cassia


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Clark County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 4 properties listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Clark


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Clearwater County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Clearwater County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 8 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Clearwater


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Custer County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Custer County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 38 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also
 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Custer


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Elmore County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Elmore County, Idaho, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 23 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Elmore


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Franklin County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 10 properties listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Franklin


The following is a list of winners in the 2009 MYX Music Awards, held at the Meralco Theater, Ortigas Center.

List of nominees and winners

Sarah Geronimo is the big winner with a total of 6 awards.

Winners are in bold text

Favorite MYX Bandarito Performance
 Astrojuan
 Coffee Break Island
 Delara
 Kinky Hooters
 Nyctinasty

Favorite MYX Live Performance
 Aiza Seguerra
 Chicosci
 Imago
 Richard Poon
 Sandwich

Favorite International Music Video
 "7 Things" – Miley Cyrus
 "Crush" – David Archuleta
 "Decode" – Paramore
 "When You Look Me in the Eyes" – Jonas Brothers
 "Womanizer" – Britney Spears

Favorite MYX Celebrity VJ
 KC Concepcion
 Kim Chiu & Gerald Anderson
 Sam Concepcion
 Sarah Geronimo
 Vhong Navarro

Favorite Media Soundtrack
 "Ang Sarap Dito" – Project 1 (Coca-Cola)
 "A Very Special Love" – Sarah Geronimo (A Very Special Love)
 "Ikaw Ang Pangarap" – Martin Nievera (Lobo)
 "Kung Fu Fighting" – Sam Concepcion (Kung Fu Panda)
 "This Is Me" – Julianne & Miguel Escueta (Camp Rock)

Favorite Remake
 "A Very Special Love" – Sarah Geronimo
 "Macho" – Parokya Ni Edgar
 "Message In A Bottle" – The Dawn
 "Payong" – Miss Ganda
 "Princesa" – Itchyworms

Favorite Collaboration
 "Captured" – Christian Bautista & Sitti
 "This Is Me" – Julianne & Miguel Escueta
 "Egis Erp" – Lourd de Veyra & Raymund Marasigan
 "Ang Sarap Dito" – Project 1
 "I’ll Be There" – Sarah Geronimo & Howie Dorough

Favorite Guest Appearance In A Music Video
 Bembol Roco ("Boogie Mo" – Bembol Rockers)
 Billy Crawford ("If You’re Not The One" – Nikki Gil)
 Glaiza de Castro ("Disconnection Notice" – Pupil)
 Karylle ("Only Hope" – Gary Valenciano)
 Marian Rivera ("Kung Sakali" – Ogie Alcasid)

Favorite Indie Artist
 Angulo
 Drip
 Out Of Body Special
 Paraluman
 Reklamo

Favorite New Artist
 Charice
 KC Concepcion
 Nancy Jane
 Rico Blanco
 Taken by Cars

Favorite Mellow Video
 "A Very Special Love" – Sarah Geronimo
 "Kung Sakali" – Ogie Alcasid
 "Now" – MYMP
 "Tell Me That You Love Me" – Regine Velasquez
 "The One Who Won My Heart" – Christian Bautista

Favorite Rock Video
 "Ang Pusa Mo" – Pedicab
 "Disconnection Notice" – Pupil
 "Procrastinator" – Sandwich
 "The Fight Is Over" – Urbandub
 "Yugto" – Rico Blanco

Favorite Urban Video
 "Eargasmic" – Dice & K9 Mobbstarr
 "K.I.T.T.Y." – Kitty Girls
 "Make ‘Em Say" – Pikaso
 "Pambansang Kamao" – Dcoy feat. Artsrong, E.S.P. & Nathan J.
 "Shake That Thing" – Dannie Boi feat. Beatmox

Favorite Group
 6cyclemind
 Callalily
 Pupil
 Sandwich
 Sponge Cola

Favorite Male Artist
 Christian Bautista
 Erik Santos
 Ogie Alcasid
 Richard Poon
 Rico Blanco

Favorite Female Artist
 Kyla
 Rachelle Ann Go
 Regine Velasquez
 Sarah Geronimo
 Yeng Constantino

Favorite Artist
 Callalily
 Rico Blanco
 Sandwich
 Sarah Geronimo
 Sponge Cola

Favorite Song
 "Betamax" – Sandwich
 "Kailan" – Bamboo
 "Pasubali" – Sponge Cola
 "Pitong Araw" – Hale
 "Yugto" – Rico Blanco

Favorite Music Video
 "Ang Pusa Mo" – Pedicab (Directed by RA Rivera)
 "Ang Sarap Dito" – Project 1 (Directed by Marie Jamora)
 "Disconnection Notice" – Pupil (Directed by Quark Henares)
 "Procrastinator" – Sandwich (Directed by Quark Henares)
 "The Fight Is Over" – Urbandub (Directed by Treb Monteras II

MYX Magna Award
 Eraserheads

Special Citation Award
Charice
Arnel Pineda

References

Philippine music awards


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Fremont County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Fremont County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 14 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Fremont


Phil Lane (12 March 1911 – 8 August 2006) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Although he was listed at Fitzroy for three years, Lane made his only appearance with the seniors early in the 1932 VFL season, a 19-point loss to North Melbourne at Brunswick Street. He then became a field umpire and officiated in 26 VFL games from 1943 to 1946 as well as the reserves Grand Final in 1947.

References

Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

1911 births
2006 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
Fitzroy Football Club players
Australian Football League umpires
People from West Melbourne, Victoria


The Stroop Report is an official report prepared by General Jürgen Stroop for the SS chief Heinrich Himmler, recounting the German suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the liquidation of the ghetto in the spring of 1943. Originally titled The Jewish Quarter of Warsaw Is No More! (Ger. Es gibt keinen jüdischen Wohnbezirk in Warschau mehr!), it was published in the 1960s.

History
The Report was commissioned by Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger, chief of the SS and police in Kraków and was intended as a souvenir album for Heinrich Himmler. It was prepared in three distinct leather-bound copies for Himmler, Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger and Jürgen Stroop. One unbound "file" copy of the report (das Konzept) remained in Warsaw, in the care of Chief of Staff Max Jesuiter. According to a statement given in 1945 by Stroop's adjutant Karl Kaleshke to US authorities in Wiesbaden, he ordered Stroop's copy of the report burnt with other secret documents in Burg Kranzberg.

After the war only two of the four copies were discovered, those belonging to Himmler and Jesuiter.  Himmler's copy went to Seventh Army Intelligence Center (SAIC) and Jesuiter's to Military Intelligence Research Section (MIRS) in London. Several sources stated that the German Bundesarchiv also had a copy in Koblenz. But, in reply to inquiries by Richard Raskin, the Bundesarchiv stated that the third copy of report was never in their possession.

The two known copies held by the Allies were introduced as evidence at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, sharing the document number 1061-PS, and used in the trial as "US Exhibit 275". The report was first displayed by the chief U.S. prosecutor Robert H. Jackson for the judges during his opening address. The assistant prosecutor dealing with the persecution of the Jews referred to it as "the finest example of ornate German craftsmanship, leather bound, profusely illustrated, typed on heavy bond paper ... the almost unbelievable recital of the proud accomplishment by Major General of Police Stroop". Both copies were also used in Nuremberg in the 1947 trial of Oswald Pohl, as exhibit 503.

On June 10, 1948, the Himmler/SAIC copy of the Stroop report and Katzmann Report were handed over by Fred Niebergal, head of Office of Chief of Counsel for War Crimes – OCCWC, to Bernard Acht, head of the Polish Military Mission in Nuremberg. It was used in Stroop's trial at Warsaw Criminal District Court in July 1951, and transferred afterwards to the KC PZPR archive. In 1952 it was transferred to the Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce (Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes in Poland) archive and subsequently to its successor, the Institute of National Remembrance (Polish: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej or IPN), where it remains. In 1948 the Jesuiter/MIRS copy of the report went to the National Archives (NARA) in Washington, D.C., where it continues to be held.

In 2017, the Stroop Report was submitted by Poland and included in UNESCO's Memory of the World Register.

Content

The Report was a 125-page typed document, bound in black pebble leather, with 53 photographs. It consisted of the following sections:
Summary, with
title page
list of soldiers/Police killed and wounded
the list of combat units involved, and
Introduction, signed by Jürgen Stroop in the IPN copy
Collection of 31 daily reports (German: Tägliche Meldungen), sent from Stroop's Chief of Staff Max Jesuiter to SS Police Leader East Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger. The reports cover the period of 20 April to 16 May 1943, plus a report from 24 May 1943, and all were signed by Jesuiter.
Series of 53 photographs accompanied by hand-written captions in German Sütterlin script
The NARA report also has a fourth section with statistics about human losses, types of recovered weapons, and amounts of money and valuables taken from Jews.

The copies have slight discrepancies in textual and graphical layout, and in the photographs they contain.

Photographs from the Stroop Report
The IPN copy of the report has 53 photographs on 49 pages, while the NARA copy has the same number of photographs on 52 pages. 37 photographs appear in both copies, although not always with the same size, crop or order and occasionally with different captions. Sixteen shots in each copy are different, although often very similar, as they depict the same events. Altogether, in both versions of the report, there are 69 unique photographs.

The identity of the photographers who accompanied Stroop's headquarters during the operation is unknown. Franz Konrad confessed to taking some of the photographs; the rest were probably taken by photographers from Propaganda Kompanie nr 689. In addition to the photographs found in the reports, there were about 45 additional photographs that were not included. According to Yad Vashem, these were found in Stroop's possession when he was captured by the Americans after the war. Some of those photographs were closely related to those used in the report, as they depicted the same events. Many of those additional photographs are described in reputable sources as coming from the Stroop Report, even if they do not appear in either of the surviving copies.

The high-quality photographs taken for Stroop constitute a unique documentation of the final stage of liquidation of the Warsaw ghetto. The photographer was permitted access to Stroop's inner circle, to accompany the forces that participated in liquidating the ghetto, and to get close to the combat areas. Apart from a dozen candid photographs taken by Polish firefighter Leszek Grzywaczewski, those are the only photographs of the Ghetto Uprising taken inside the ghetto. Some of them became highly recognized images of World War II and the Shoah.

Photographic captions in the Report are handwritten in the Sütterlin style. The captions contain few facts about the photos' content, and in some cases do not match the images at all. The captions often express the racist mindset of the report's authors. Many of the places, people and events depicted were not identified until after the report's publication.

See also
 Dachau Trials
 Nuremberg Trials

References

External links

  (English translation)
  (IPN copy; Polish translation: pages 23–112 and German original: pages 113–238; photographs)
 (IPN copy; German original and English translation)
 (NARA copy; German original: text, photographs)

Government reports
Holocaust historical documents
Memory of the World Register
Operation Reinhard
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
1943 documents
Holocaust photographs
Books of photographs


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Gem County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Gem County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 10 properties listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

Former listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Gem


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Gooding County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Gooding County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 13 properties listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

Notes

References

Gooding


Mohsen Torky () is an Iranian former football referee who had been refereeing in Iran's Pro League for seasons and has been on the international list from 2003 to 2013. He was the first Iranian referee to officiate the Tehran derby after 14 years.

Referee career
Mohsen Torky started to officiate in the top league in Iran in 2000 and after just three years he became a FIFA listed referee. In 2007 Torky became an AFC Elite referee which meant that now he will regularly referee games in the AFC Champions League. In 2006, he refereed his first game in the Champions league between Al-Arabi and Al Quwa Al Jawiya and in 2007 he officiated an AFC Cup semi final.

During the 2008/09 season Torky officiated 4 games in the 2010 FIFA world cup qualifications. He also officiated four games in the group stage of the 2009 AFC Champions League but the biggest test of Torky's career came in the 66th Tehran derby when he became the first Iranian referee to officiate the game in 14 years. He did such a great job that he officiated the Tehran derby again in the 2009/10 season.
Torky was also officiate in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup. He announced his retirement in February 2013 but it was later denied.

AFC Champions League

2007

2008

2009

2011

AFC Cup

2007

2009

References

People from Boshruyeh
Iranian football referees
Living people
1973 births
AFC Asian Cup referees


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Idaho County, Idaho, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 43 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

Current listings

|}

Former listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Idaho


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 6 properties listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Jefferson


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Jerome County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Jerome County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 66 properties listed on the National Register in the county.  More can be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Jerome


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Kootenai County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Kootenai County, Idaho, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 44 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark. More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Kootenai


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lemhi County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lemhi County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 15 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Lemhi


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Latah County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Latah County, Idaho, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 55 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Latah


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lewis County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lewis County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 4 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Lewis


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lincoln County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lincoln County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 41 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Lincoln


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Madison County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 3 properties listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

Former listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Madison


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 30 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Washington


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Valley County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Valley County, Idaho, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 26 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

Former listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Valley


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Payette County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Payette County, Idaho, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 15 properties listed on the National Register in the county. More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Payette


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Teton County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Teton County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 5 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Teton


The OpenHPSDR (High Performance Software Defined Radio) project dates from 2005 when Phil Covington, Phil Harman, and Bill Tracey combined their separate projects to form the HPSDR group.  It is built around a modular concept which encourages experimentation with new techniques and devices (e.g. SDR, Envelope Elimination and Restoration) without the need to replace the entire set of boards.  The project has expanded from the original group, and several additional people have been involved in recent HPSDR module designs.

The core modules of the project are the Atlas passive backplane, the Ozy interface which provides a USB 2.0 data channel between the HPSDR system and the host PC, and the Mercury and Penelope receiver and exciter boards, which use high speed ADCs and DACs for direct conversion of received or transmitted signals in the DC to 55 MHz frequency range.

Mercury has attracted wide interest within the HPSDR community as a general-coverage, high performance, HF receiver.  It uses a 16-bit 135MSPS analog-to-digital converter that provides performance over the range 0 to 55 MHz comparable to that of a conventional analog HF radio. The receiver will also operate in the VHF and UHF range using either mixer image or alias responses.  The host computer uses DSP techniques to process the digital bitstream it receives from the HPSDR system.  Currently, the HPSDR hardware has been interfaced with the Flex-Radio PowerSDR Windows-based software, which is licensed under the GPL.

As of February, 2011, the following HPSDR modules have been released:

 Atlas backplane
 Magister control board
 Janus I/Q interface board
 Mercury Direct Down-conversion receiver
 LPU linear power supply
 Pandora enclosure
 Excalibur frequency reference board
 PennyWhistle 20 watt RF power amplifier
 Hercules 100 watt RF power amplifier
 Metis 1Gigbit (1000T) PC interface board

Other modules nearing release include:

 Alex RX/TX filter bank

Replaced by newer modules:

 Ozy USB control board (replaced by Magister)
 Penelope Direct Up-conversion exciter (replaced by PennyLane, not provided by TAPR but by new commercial organisation)

In cooperation with the HPSDR group, TAPR has provided (or will provide) all the modules listed above.  Most have been made available as either fully assembled units or as bare circuit boards; a few are available as kits of parts.

Several other modules are under development.  A web site and Wiki provide further information about the HPSDR projects.
.

The HPSDR project is open-source for software and uses a combination of licenses for the hardware.

Spin-off hardware
There are many complete transceivers that are based on the OpenHPSDR concept:
 Anan-10
 Anan-100
 Anan-100D
 Anan-200D
 Anan-7000DLE
 Anan-8000DLE

See also

 Universal Software Radio Peripheral
 Software-defined radio
 Digital radio

References

Software-defined radio
Amateur radio transceivers


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Shoshone County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Shoshone County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 24 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Shoshone


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Twin Falls County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Twin Falls County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 42 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.  Another 2 properties were once listed but have been removed.

Current listings

|}

Former listing

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

Notes

References

Twin Falls


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Power County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Power County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 12 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Power


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Owyhee County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Owyhee County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 14 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Owyhee


Murray Goulburn Co-operative Co. Limited (also known as Devondale Murray Goulburn) was a dairy-processing co-operative corporation. In 2018, following financial difficulties and difficulties with suppliers over sustainable prices, the business assets were sold to Saputo Inc, a publicly-listed Canadian dairy company and later the trading name of the business was changed to AG Warehouse. The co-operative was placed into liquidation in 2020.

The agricultural co-operative was formed in 1950 from a group of dairy farms and grew to become Australia's largest processor of milk.

In 2016, turmoil engulfed the processor as the milk price fell below production costs, prompting calls for the board to be sacked or the co-operative to be sold. Thereafter, the former chief executive of Carlton & United Breweries, Ari Mervis, was appointed to the role of CEO and Managing Director and commenced his role on 13 February 2017.

Profile
Devondale Murray Goulburn has nine manufacturing plants located in Victoria and Tasmania. It has over 2,500 suppliers and supports over 2,000 employees, processing over 35% of Australia's milk supply (3.3 billion litres) into products that are sold to both domestic and export markets.

The company trades in over 100 countries; it is the largest container user in the Port of Melbourne, exporting in excess of 375,000 MT (23,500 containers) within a financial year. Its international business accounts for approximately 9% of the world's dairy trade. It has an annual turnover of approximately A$2.4 billion.

The company's processing plants have been accredited as ISO 9001:2000 manufacturing facilities and are certified by the NSF HACCP – 9000 standard for hazard analysis and critical control points and good manufacturing practice. Its compliance with finished product specifications is independently validated by Dairy Technical Services, located in Melbourne, Victoria.

In early 2010 and again in October 2013, Devondale Murray Goulburn made a bid to take over Warrnambool Cheese and Butter Factory Company Holdings. In 2014, Canadian dairy giant Saputo, Inc. successfully bought into Warrnambool, acquiring 85% of the company's shares.

In February 2016, Devondale Murray Goulburn won a five-year supply contract with Coles Supermarkets, supplying private-label, daily pasteurised milk as well as cheddar-style cheese in blocks, shreds and slices for Victoria and NSW. In July, however, the company was dropped as a supplier by Woolworths, costing the co-operative approximately 108 million.

In May 2018, the company was sold to Saputo Inc. for $1.31 billion.

Business units and brands
Devondale (consumer brand of milk and cheese)
Liddells - Lactose free dairy products
Corporate brands division (supplier to Consumer Brands)
MG Nutritionals (research division)
MG Ingredients (supplier of whey, milk powder, concentrate, casein)
MG Qingdao Dairy
MG Trading
Ascend - Proven Sports Proteins

Controversy
In early 2016, the managing director of Devondale Murray Goulburn, Gary Helou, left the company after concerns were raised internally about large losses being made, followed by a profit downgrade and a subsequent farmgate milk price slash just after the co-operative partially listed on the stock exchange.
The company then slashed the price dairy farmers had been expecting for their milk, and instituted a 200 million clawback on milk that had already been acquired where the 2,500 farmers would have to pay back the difference. This resulted in farmers being paid less than what it cost to produce milk for the company. The company's behaviour was documented in an exposé by the Four Corners program in August 2016.

References

External links
Official website

Dairy cooperatives
Food and drink companies established in 1950
Dairy products companies of Australia
1950 establishments in Australia
Cooperatives in Australia
Australian subsidiaries of foreign companies


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Oneida County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Oneida County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 7 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Oneida
National Register of Historic Places in Oneida County, Idaho


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Nez Perce County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Nez Perce County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 31 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Nez Perce


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Minidoka County, Idaho.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Minidoka County, Idaho, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 3 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho

References

Minidoka


The Concert Allegro, Op. 46 by Sir Edward Elgar is a piece of music for solo piano.   It takes about 10 minutes to perform.  It is the only piano work he wrote that was designed for concert performance.  It is in the key of C major and was written in 1901, at the request of the pianist Fanny Davies.

Background of composition
Elgar was not a great lover of the piano, and he was busy organising the first performance of his oratorio The Dream of Gerontius in Düsseldorf.  He wrote the piece reluctantly, only after constant pleading from Davies for a new piece for her repertoire. When he did start on it, however, he wrote quickly, and indeed it shows some evidence of hasty composition. Elgar consulted Fanny Davies during the writing of the work, and she made a number of suggestions for improvements, signing her notations "Humbly, F.D.".

Dedication and first performance
Elgar dedicated the Concert Allegro to Fanny Davies, and she gave the first performance at St James's Hall, London, on 2 December 1901, at a concert called "Purcell to Elgar".  The critic of The Times described it as "a marriage between Bach and Liszt". (This comment has also been attributed to the conductor Hans Richter.)  The first performance has been described as "unconvincing and dubious", and one writer has said Davies "fatally bruised" the work.

Performance history and revisions
In light of these criticisms of Davies' playing and of the work itself, Elgar decided to revise it and shorten it by removing some of the repeats. He also toyed with the idea of converting it into a piano concerto (he even altered the title page from "Concerto [without orchestra]" to "Piano and orchestra"), but this never came to fruition. His later work on a piano concerto, started in 1913, left unfinished at his death and now completed by other hands as Op. 90, was based on unrelated material.

In the meantime, Fanny Davies performed the original version a handful of further times up until 1906. Elgar worked on a revision, without ever completing it, and then the score disappeared.  He may have even given it away, not intending to work on the piece any further (he had attempted to publish it but Novello's declined).  The music critic of The Times in 1942 claimed to have seen a rough copy of the score.  Some time before 1942, the composer and conductor Anthony Bernard was asked to arrange the piece for piano and orchestra, but decided against doing so. Bernard's study was bombed during World War II and many of his papers were destroyed, the score of the Concert Allegro being assumed to have suffered that fate.  After Bernard's death in 1963, however, his widow found the manuscript among his papers.

It contained many crossings out, some additions, and a mass of corrections. A performing version was realised by John Ogdon and Diana McVeagh.  Ogdon gave the first modern performance of the work, on British television on 2 February 1969.  Ogdon also recorded the work and included it in his concert repertoire thereafter.  This version has now been recorded by a number of other pianists.

The original score, with all the repeats that Elgar had intended, has been realised and performed by David Owen Norris.

It has also been arranged as a piece for piano and orchestra by Iain Farrington.

Opus number
There is some confusion about the opus number for the Concert Allegro.  It appears in reference sources as either "Op. 41" or "Op. 46".  Elgar wrote "Op. 41" on the autograph score.  At that time he was reserving Op. 46 for a concert overture to be called Falstaff.  This work did not see the light of day in that form but became the symphonic study Falstaff in 1913.  However, that work was published as Op. 68.  In the meantime, he allocated Op. 41 to two songs to words by A. C. Benson.  Although never published in Elgar's lifetime, the Concert Allegro was given the opus number 46.

References

External links

Compositions for solo piano
Compositions by Edward Elgar
1901 compositions
Compositions in C major


The Gold Clause Cases were a series of actions brought before the Supreme Court of the United States, in which the court narrowly upheld restrictions on the ownership of gold implemented by the administration of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression.

Background
Until the 1930s, business contracts in the United States regularly included gold clauses that allowed creditors to demand payment in gold or gold equivalents. The tightening of Federal Reserve policy from 1928 onward prompted a global unwinding of credit later dubbed the Great Contraction. Waves of bank failures occurred, aggravated by reliance on single-location banks (unit banks) that could not survive a run. A final bank panic in February 1933 saw widespread hoarding of gold and currency as well as international drains on gold reserves. Roosevelt started his term with banking suspended in most states and domestic gold reserves seriously depleted. With support from Congress, he enacted a series of banking and currency reforms that effectively nationalized monetary gold. These included the Emergency Banking Act which authorized the President to prohibit international gold payments, Executive Order 6102 which required the surrender of all privately held monetary gold in exchange for currency, and the Gold Clause Resolution (Pub. Res. 73–10) which voided all gold clauses within the United States. The following year, under the Gold Reserve Act, the government took ownership of the Federal Reserve's gold stocks and devalued the dollar. Multiple cases were filed in response and made their way to the Supreme Court.

Cases
Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. with United States v. Bankers Trust Co. : The bearer of a $22.50 bond coupon of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad demanded payment of $38.10, the value of the coupon's gold obligation based on the statutory price of gold. Separately, the federal government and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, as creditors of the Iron Mountain Railway, intervened in a case brought by the Missouri Pacific Railroad for additional payment on Iron Mountain bonds. In both cases the district and appeal courts upheld the Gold Clause Resolution and denied additional payment. The cases came before the Supreme Court on certiorari petitions.

Nortz v. United States : The owner of $106,300 in federal gold certificates surrendered them as required by Executive Order 6102, receiving only their face value in currency. He sued in the United States Court of Claims for an additional $64,000 representing the loss of the dollar against gold. That court submitted certified questions to the Supreme Court, the first of which asked whether the plaintiff could demand the value of gold given that he had no right to possess the gold itself.

Perry v. United States : The owner of a $10,000 Liberty Bond sued in the Court of Claims for an additional $7,000 representing the dollar's devaluation. Again, the Court of Claims submitted a question of whether it could consider a claim beyond the face value of the bond.

Ruling
While the Roosevelt administration waited for the Court to return its judgment, contingency plans were made for an unfavorable ruling. Ideas floated about the White House to withdraw the right to sue the government to enforce gold clauses. Attorney General Homer Cummings opined the court should be immediately packed to ensure a favorable ruling. Roosevelt directed Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau to step back from regulating exchange and interest rates to provoke a public outcry for federal action, but Morgenthau refused. Roosevelt also drew up executive orders to close all stock exchanges and prepared a radio address to the public.

All three cases were announced on February 18, 1935, and all in favor of the government's position by a 5–4 majority. Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes wrote the opinion for each case, finding the government's power to regulate money a plenary power. Only in the Perry case did the Court reach the question of the Gold Clause Resolution's constitutionality. It concluded that Congress acted unconstitutionally in voiding the government's prior obligations, but not in restricting transactions in gold. As a result, it held that the bond holder had no cause of action because, in receiving currency that he could lawfully possess rather than gold coin which he could not, he had suffered no monetary loss.

Justice McReynolds wrote the dissenting opinion. He protested that gold clauses were binding contracts, and that allowing the administration's policies to stand would permanently damage faith in the government to uphold its own contracts and those of private parties. McReynolds distinguished the cases at hand from the Legal Tender Cases, arguing that in the earlier cases the government sought to continue operating until it could meet its obligations, while the Roosevelt administration apparently sought to nullify them.

Subsequent events
Congress responded to the ambiguous Perry ruling with an additional resolution (Pub. Res. 74–63) that provided sovereign immunity of the federal government against claims for damage resulting from the devaluation of currency or other federal obligations. The future of gold as a basis for money remained unsettled for nearly the entire Roosevelt presidency. In 1944 the Allies of World War II developed the Bretton Woods system that pegged the dollar to gold and other currencies to the dollar. This system continued until 1971 when President Richard Nixon, in what came to be known as the "Nixon Shock," announced that the United States would no longer convert dollars to gold at a fixed value even for foreign exchange purposes, thus abandoning the gold standard. As part of the subsequent reforms to Bretton Woods institutions, President Gerald Ford signed an act that terminated legal prohibitions on private gold transactions as of December 31, 1974.

The Gold Clause Resolution was amended in 1977 to again permit enforcement of gold clauses in private obligations issued after the date of the amendment. This amendment has been held to apply even to lease contracts that originated earlier and were transferred. However, in cases involving railroad bonds that spanned the entire gold ownership ban, courts have rejected the argument that the amendment reactivated the obligation to pay in gold, on the grounds that bonds are "issued" only to their original holders. In 1986 the federal government introduced the American Gold Eagle coin series, the first gold money produced by the United States since the Great Depression. These coins are legal tender at their face value, but the Mint offers them only as collectibles at their much higher bullion value, not as a form of payment by the government.

References

Further reading

External links

Gold standard
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Constitution Article One case law
1935 in United States case law
United States Supreme Court cases of the Hughes Court
Constitutional challenges to the New Deal


Viewshed analysis is a computational algorithm that delineates a viewshed, the area that is visible (on the base terrain surface) from a given location. It is a common part of the terrain analysis toolset found in of most geographic information system (GIS) software. The analysis uses the elevation value of each cell of the digital elevation model (DEM) to determine visibility to or from a particular cell. The location of this particular cell varies depending on the needs of the analysis.
For example, a viewshed analysis is commonly used to locate communication towers or determining the view from a road. Viewsheds can be calculated using an individual point such as a tower or multiple points such as a line representing a road. When analyzing a line segment, each of the vertices along the line is calculated to determine its visible area. The process can also be reversed. For example, when locating a landfill, the analysis can determine from where the landfill is visible to keep it hidden from view.

Viewshed analysis process
A viewshed analysis can be performed using one of many GIS programs, such as ArcGIS Pro, GRASS GIS (r.los, r.viewshed), QGIS (viewshed plugin), LuciadLightspeed, LuciadMobile, SAGA GIS (Visibility), TNT Mips, ArcMap, Maptitude, ERDAS IMAGINE. A viewshed is created from a DEM by using an algorithm that estimates the difference of elevation from one cell (the viewpoint cell) to the next (the target cell). To determine the visibility of a target cell, each cell between the viewpoint cell and target cell is examined for line of sight. Where cells of higher value are between the viewpoint and target cells the line of sight is blocked. If the line of sight is blocked then the target cell is determined to not be part of the viewshed. If it is not blocked then it is included in the viewshed.

The algorithm is also based on a given set of variables. When performing a viewshed analysis, several variables can be used to limit or adjust the calculation. For example, if the analysis is to determine the location of a radio tower, the height of the tower could be added to the elevation of that location (cell value). If no height is given, then the viewshed analysis uses the cell value of the DEM in which the tower is located.

Another way to add the height of the tower is to use an offset variable. Offset values can be added to a sending tower as well as a receiving tower. The offset value is then added to the elevation value of the cell to obtain the actual elevation of each tower.

The viewshed analysis can also have a limited viewing angle. The viewing angle, or azimuth, of the radio tower can be incorporated into the calculation by adding two values. The first value is the lowest possible azimuth angle and the second value is the highest possible azimuth angle. The program will analyze the viewshed only within these given azimuth angles.
A vertical angle can be added as well. The values for vertical angle are from 90° (looking straight up) to -90° (looking straight down). This variable would need to be added in cases where the radio tower emits a very narrow vertical beam.
The final variable used in the viewshed analysis is the radius value. In the case of the radio tower, if the radio signal has a limited range, perhaps 10 miles, then the radius variable can be set to limit the viewshed analysis to a 10-mile radius.

Viewshed analysis uses
Besides tower placement a viewshed analysis can be used for other applications. For example, a viewshed analysis could estimate the impact of the addition of a large building. The viewshed analysis would show all the areas from which the building could be seen as well as any views that would be obscured from any particular location. Viewshed analyses are also used to locate fire observation stations in mountain areas (Lee and Stucky, 1998). This allows the stations to be placed so that the entire forest can be observed for possible fires.

An example of using a viewshed analysis on a line segment is from the Wyoming State Office, Bureau of Land Management, in which the office used a viewshed analysis to determine the visibility from National Historic Trails across Wyoming. Within the Rock Springs Field Office area there are five different viewsheds to choose from. The example here is viewshed number one. The viewshed indicates the land areas visible from the trails at four different levels from not visible to visible, based on the number of times the area could be seen from the trail. This is an indication of what the pioneers could see as they traveled along the trails of the western frontier (Rock Springs Field Office).

A unique viewshed analysis

In another example the United States Geological Survey (USGS) used a viewshed analysis to assist NASA's Mars Exploration Rover (MER) project. When NASA needed to find appropriate landing spots for the Mars rovers, they turned to the USGS to map the best possible sites. Part of the analysis included a viewshed of the possible site selections. In this case the viewshed indicates the areas which may or may not be visible by the Mars rovers from each landing site (MER Landing Site Viewshed Analysis).

References

Bibliography
 Lee, J., & Stucky, D. (1998). On Applying Viewshed Analysis for Determining Least-cost Paths on Digital Elevation Models. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 12(8), 891-905.
 MER Landing Site Viewshed Analysis. (2007). In Mars Exploration Rover Project. Retrieved March 16, 2009.
 Performing a Viewshed Analysis. (2007, March 15). In ArcGIS 9.2 Desktop Help. Retrieved March 3, 2009, from www.esri.com
 Rock Springs Field Office. (2001). National Historical Trail Viewsheds. In Burea of Land Management. Retrieved March 16, 2009.
 Wu, H., Pan, M., Yao, L., & Luo, B. (2007). A Partition-based Serial Algorithm for Generating Viewshed on Massive DEMs. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 21(9), 955-964.

External links
 National Historic Trails Viewsheds - from the Bureau of Land Management
 EarthScope Viewshed Application - web application from the Institute for the Application of Geospatial Technology, supported by NASA

Geographic information systems
Communication design


Bigelf is an American progressive rock/progressive metal band formed in Los Angeles in 1991. They have since released four studio albums.

Biography
Bigelf were formed as a psychedelic/glam-tinged hard rock outfit in 1991 in Los Angeles, California by Damon Fox and Richard Anton. They initially gained a large underground following. Bigelf's original line-up included Damon Fox (vocals/keyboards/guitar), Richard Anton (vocals/bass), A.H.M. Butler-Jones (vocals/guitar) and Thom Sullivan (drums).

The quartet recorded the six-track EP Closer to Doom in spring 1995, co-produced by Sylvia Massy. Closer to Doom was released in 1996 and established them as 'fathers' of the psychedelic doom movement that spawned the Los Angeles stoner rock scene.
The first line-up change came when Steve Frothingham replaced Sullivan in late 1995; soon afterward founding member Richard Anton exited the band.

Continuing on as a three-piece, they recorded Money Machine in summer 1997, which Swedish label Record Heaven eventually released in 2000. This led the band to tour Scandinavia, where they became a quartet again with the addition of Finnish bass player Duffy Snowhill, who debuted on their six-track EP Goatbridge Palace. Recorded in Stockholm in December 2000, it featured the singles "(Another)Nervous Breakdown" and "Side Effects" plus four live tracks, one being a cover of the Black Sabbath classic "Sweet Leaf". Serjical Strike Records released a limited pressing of Money Machine in the United States after System of a Down frontman Serj Tankian took an interest in the band. In summer 2001, Butler-Jones fell into a diabetic coma while on tour in Sweden (he would remain unconscious until his death on December 31, 2009, at the age of 42). Ace Mark (also from Helsinki, Finland) took his place on guitar, leaving Fox as the sole singer and songwriter.

Regaining focus with a new, solid foundation, Bigelf signed with Warner Music Sweden in 2002 and released Hex the following year. The band attained cult status overseas, most notably in Northern Europe.

In 2007, Bigelf covered John Lennon's song "Mother" with American pop singer Christina Aguilera for the compilation album Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur to benefit Amnesty International's campaign to alleviate the crisis in Darfur. The song received positive reviews.

August 2008 saw Bigelf release Cheat The Gallows, the band's debut release for Linda Perry's Custard Records. It includes the lead single "Money, It's Pure Evil".

In 2009, Bigelf toured with Dream Theater on their Progressive Nation 2009 tour. They were originally billed alongside Opeth and Unexpect on the European leg of the tour from September to November, but after Pain of Salvation and Beardfish were forced to drop out because of the bankruptcy of SPV, their record label's (InsideOut) distributor, Bigelf were also added to the North American tour as an opening act alongside Zappa Plays Zappa between July and August. The band once again supported Dream Theater as their opening act for the Mexican, Canadian, and South American tour in March 2010. In April 2010, Bigelf supported Porcupine Tree on their US Tour.

After being dropped from Custard Records the band went on indefinite hiatus after playing several festival shows in Japan in August 2010.

In September 2012, Fox announced via the band's Facebook and website that a new Bigelf album was in the making.

On April 3, 2013, Inside Out Music announced Bigelf had signed with the label and would release a new album later that year. Fox recruited former Dream Theater drummer Mike Portnoy to play on the new record Into the Maelstrom, according both to the Inside Out announcement and to Portnoy's own Twitter feed. Guitarist Luis Maldonado was also invited to "take some solos and add some color" to the album and also to perform with the band on the Progressive Nation at Sea cruise ship festival on February 18–22, 2014 as well as festivals that summer.

In October 2014, guitarist John Wesley of Porcupine Tree and Mike Portnoy joined Bigelf as guest performers during their winter 2014 "Into the Maelstrom" European tour.

Discography

Albums
 Money Machine (May 2000 - Record Heaven, Sweden; Aug. 2010 Powerage Records)
 Hex (Oct. 2003 - Warner Music Sweden; Oct. 2007 - Custard Records; Aug. 2010 Powerage Records)
 Cheat the Gallows (Aug. 2008 - Custard Records; Sep. 2009 - Powerage Records)
 Into the Maelstrom (May 2014 - InsideOut Records)

EPs
 Closer to Doom (Jan. 1996 - Third Hole Records, US; Aug. 2001 - Record Heaven, with 4 bonus tracks; Aug. 2010 Powerage Records, with 8 bonus tracks)
 Goatbridge Palace (May 2001 - Record Heaven)
 The Madhatter (Jun. 2003 - Warner Music Sweden)

Members
Current members
Damon Fox – lead vocals, keyboards, guitar, bass (1991–present)
Duffy Snowhill – bass (2000–present)
Luis Maldonado – guitar (2013–present)
Baron Fox – drums (2014–present)

Former members
Richard Anton – lead vocals, bass (1991–96)
Thom Sullivan – drums (1991–95)
A.H.M. Butler-Jones – lead vocals, guitar, piano (1992–2001, died 2009)
Steve "Froth" Frothingham – drums (1995–2010)
Ace Mark – guitar (2002–2010)
Mike Portnoy – drums (session and selected live shows) (2013–2014)
John Wesley – guitar (selected live shows) (2014)

Timeline

References

External links
 Official website
 Damon Fox of Bigelf Interview at Guitarhoo.com 2008.
 Damon Fox of Bigelf Interview at Guitarhoo.com 2014.

Heavy metal musical groups from California
Musical groups from Los Angeles
American stoner rock musical groups
Progressive rock musical groups from California
Custard Records artists
1991 establishments in California
Inside Out Music artists


PAFE or PafE may refer to:

 the ICAO airport code PAFE for Kake Airport
 Performing Arts for Everyone (PAFE), a program at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
 Proteasome accessory factor E (PafE)


WPJX (1500 AM) is a radio station, licensed to Zion, Illinois, that airs a heavy metal format. The station is owned by Polnet Communications, who also owns WKTA Evanston, WNVR Vernon Hills, and WEEF Highland Park-Deerfield. The station transmits with a directional 250 watts of power from 3 towers located on the corner of Delany Road and 21st Street near Wadsworth, Illinois. The station's daytime signal serves northern Lake County, Illinois and Kenosha County, Wisconsin. WPJX was licensed to operate during daytime hours only until May 2009 when it began broadcasting 24 hours a day with a power of 250 watts daytime and 2 watts nighttime.

History
The station first began broadcasting on September 19, 1967, and originally held the callsign WZBN. The station was originally owned by the Zion-Benton Broadcasting Company.

The station was once co-owned with WKZN 96.9 (later WNIZ and now WWDV) and had studios in downtown Zion during this period.

In 1977, the station's call sign was changed to WKZN. As WKZN, it aired an MOR-Adult Contemporary format and held the callsign, simulcasting the programming of WKZN-FM 96.9.

In 1983, the station's callsign was changed to WNIZ, and the station began airing a classical music format, simulcasting the programming of its sister stations WNIZ 96.9 and WNIB 97.1. In 1984, Lake County Broadcasting Co. purchased the station from Northern Illinois Broadcasting Co. for $200,000. On December 1, 1984, the station's callsign was changed to WRJR.

On December 1, 1987, the station's callsign was changed to WKGA. As WKGA, the station aired a Spanish music format and was branded "Radio Borinquen".

On November 7, 1994, WKGA adopted a Classic Country format. In early 1996, the station was sold to Lotus Communications Corporation for $210,000, and it adopted a Regional Mexican format, simulcasting the programming of sister station 1300 WTAQ. On June 24, 1996, the station's callsign was changed to WTAU.

In 1998, the station was sold to ABC Radio, and on July 16, 1998, the station became an affiliate of Radio Disney along with its sister station WTAQ. On December 3, 1998, the station's callsign was changed to WDDZ. The station continued to simulcast Radio Disney with its sister station WRDZ until it was taken off the air on January 14, 2000.

A short-lived LMA to the owners of WBJX in Racine, Wisconsin (now WJTI) brought the station back on the air in January 2001, simulcasting WBJX and airing a Regional Mexican format. On May 16, 2001, the station's callsign was changed to WPJX. The station again signed off the air in October 2001. It returned to the air permanently in spring 2002 first with its previous format, a simulcast of Radio Disney station WRDZ La Grange.

In 2002, Multicultural Broadcasting of Chicago, Inc. purchased the station from ABC, Inc. for $70,000. Under Multicultural's ownership it aired an oldies format.

In 2006, Polnet bought the station from Multicultural Broadcasting for $230,000. When Polnet bought the station, it switched to a Spanish-language reggaeton format. In February 2009, the Heavy Metal format "Rebel Radio" began airing full-time on the station. "Rebel Radio" was replaced by a syndicated Spanish format in mid-February 2011.

On October 1, 2018, at Noon, the heavy metal format of “Rebel Radio” returned to WPJX, after an eight-year hiatus. During the first day back, Rebel Radio aired only the "Big 4" thrash metal bands: Metallica, Megadeth, Anthrax, and Slayer.

Translator
WPJX is also heard at 92.5 MHz, through an FM translator.

References

External links

PJX
Radio stations established in 1967
1967 establishments in Illinois
Former subsidiaries of The Walt Disney Company


Danny Lim (born 7 November 1975 in Malacca, Malaysia) is a Malaysian writer, journalist and photographer.

Published works
His articles and photography have been published in publications like Off the Edge (Malaysia), Malaysiakini, The Nut Graph (Malaysia) and The Sun. His work has also been featured in the Far Eastern Economic Review.

His first book was The Malaysian Book of the Undead (2008, Matahari Books), a light-hearted compendium of Malaysian ghosts and supernatural beings.

He has served as still photographer for a few Malaysian films including The Big Durian and Apa Khabar Orang Kampung.

He also made a short video documentary 18? (2005) which is about political graffiti in Kuala Lumpur. It can be downloaded for free from his website.

His photo-essay Aku, Hang & Demo was published in New Malaysian Essays 2 in 2009.

References

External links
 Photography by Danny Lim
 Danny Lim video interview – The Fairly Current Show

Malaysian writers
1975 births
Living people
People from Malacca


Alive is a comprehensive three-disc  box set by English heavy metal singer Bruce Dickinson. It features the singer's 1990s three solo live performances: Alive in Studio A, Alive at the Marquee, and Scream for Me Brazil. It was released on 21 June 2005, just a month after the release of Tyranny of Souls.

Track listing

Disc I: Alive in Studio A

Disc II: Alive at the Marquee
 "Cyclops"
 "1000 Points of Light"
 "Born in 58"
 "Gods of War"
 "Change of Heart"
 "Laughing in the Hiding Bush"
 "Hell No"
 "Tears of the Dragon"
 "Shoot All the Clowns"
 "Sacred Cowboys"
 "Son of a Gun"
 "Tattooed Millionaire"

Disc III: Scream for Me Brazil
 "Trumpets of Jericho"
 "King in Crimson"
 "Chemical Wedding"
 "Gates of Urizen"
 "Killing Floor"
 "Book of Thel"
 "Tears of the Dragon"
 "Laughing in the Hiding Bush"
 "Accident of Birth"
 "The Tower"
 "Darkside of Aquarius"
 "Road to Hell"

External links

References

Bruce Dickinson albums
2005 compilation albums
Sanctuary Records compilation albums


Charles Dominic Foletta (2 October 1875 – 30 January 1966) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

A rover, Foletta played at both Fitzroy and Collingwood while they were competing the Victorian Football Association (VFA) before crossing to Brunswick. Foletta then rejoined Fitzroy for the 1899 VFL season and made five appearances mid year but missed out on their finals campaign where they claimed a second premiership.

In the West Australian Football Association, Foletta captain-coached East Fremantle to back to back Grand Final wins in 1902 and 1903. He then performed the same role at Launceston City, resulting in the 1907 and 1908 Northern Tasmanian Football Association premierships.

Having achieved success as a player, the former Fitzroy player returned to the VFL as a goal umpire and officiated in 31 games from 1913 to 1915.

References

Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

1875 births
1966 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Collingwood Football Club (VFA) players
Fitzroy Football Club (VFA) players
Fitzroy Football Club players
Brunswick Football Club players
East Fremantle Football Club players
East Fremantle Football Club coaches
City-South Football Club players
City-South Football Club coaches
Australian Football League umpires
People from Daylesford, Victoria


Cecos is one of eleven parishes (administrative divisions) in the municipality of Ibias, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Villages and hamlets
Bustelo
Boiro
Carbueiro
Cadagayoso
Cecos
Centanales
Folgueiras de Boiro
Lagüeiro
Pousadoiro
Mergulleira
San Esteban
El Rellán
Vilamayor
Vilarcebulín

References

Parishes in Ibias


Beltaine's Fire was a five-member hip hop/folk-rock/Celtic fusion collective from the San Francisco Bay Area in California fronted by Emcee Lynx.  Their music evolved considerably over the years.  Starting out as a mix of "traditional Irish and Scottish music with rock, folk, and rap elements"., they described themselves as "folk-rap" and their last album was primarily hip hop, albeit with elements borrowed from Latin, world, American folk, Celtic trad, funk, jazz, and rock.

They self-released three studio albums and one live album and played more than 300 shows at venues of all sizes all over California as well as parts of the East Coast. Their largest appearance was the 2008 KVMR Celtic Festival, one of the largest Celtic music festivals on the West Coast with over 10,000 annual attendees.

History
The band was originally formed in San Francisco, California in August 2005 as a collaboration between Emcee Lynx and an experimental Celtic/Folk/Rock Duo called The Wills Wilde. After some initial success they decided to build a live band around the concept and Lynx recruited Laura Noel on Bass and Chris Darbeyshire on drums to make the group a quintet. In January 2006 Lynx, Laura, and Chris decided to go their own way but kept the name Beltaine’s Fire.  Beltaine’s Fire continued on as a progressive hip hop trio for the better part of a year until meeting up with John “The Electrician” Dougal in late 2006 and recruiting him, along with Michael Mullen of Tempest, to play on their first album, The Weapon of the Future which was released in 2007.

John joined the band full-time in January 2007 playing a custom modified electric Banjo. In August of that year Chris left the band and was replaced by Todd “Cozy T” Snyderman, formerly of Groundsick Productions, on drums. Kater “K8R” Murch also joined on Cello and Mandolin.  They released their second album, Liberty, in August 2008. Todd & Kater left the band shortly afterwards to pursue a new project together.

For their third album, Anarchitecture, they added Steven May on Mandolin and Fiddle and Cadence Myles on Drums. Anarchitecture was released on August 31, 2011 through the band's Bandcamp site.

Band line-up

Members
Emcee Lynx: Rap Vocals 2005-2012 (all albums)
Laura Noel: Electric Bass 2005-2012 (all albums)
John Dougal: Electric Banjo 2005-2012 (all albums)
Steve May: Fiddle & Mandolin 2010-2012 (Anarchitecture)
Cadence Myles: Drums 2010-2012 (Anarchitecture)
Todd "Cozy T." Snyderman: Drums 2007-2010 (Liberty)
Kater "Docta" Murch: Cello, Mandolin 2007-2010 (Liberty)
Chris Darbeyshire: Drums 2005-2007 (The Weapon of the Future)

Discography

Studio albums
The Weapon of the Future (2007)
Liberty (2008)
Anarchitecture (2011)

Demo albums
Live at Puck's (2009)

Compilations
Best of KVMR Celtic Fest''', Benefit for KVMR. (2009)The Sound of Resistance, Volume 1'' (2012)

References

External links
Bandcamp site
Official website (archive copy)

Celtic hip hop musicians
Celtic fusion musicians
Musical groups established in 2005


There may have been minor settlement of Chinese people in Kenya as early as the 15th century; however, modern migration from the People's Republic of China to Kenya only dates to the late 1990s and early 2000s. There are estimated to be 50,000 Chinese people in the country.

Migration history

Zheng He's fleet
Early Chinese mariners had a variety of contacts with Kenya. Archaeologists have found Chinese porcelains made during the Tang dynasty (618–907) in Kenyan villages; however, these were believed to have been brought over by Zheng He during his 15th century ocean voyages. On Lamu Island off the Kenyan coast, local oral tradition maintains that 20 shipwrecked Chinese sailors with 400 survivors, possibly part of Zheng's fleet, washed up on shore there hundreds of years ago. Given permission to settle by local tribes after having killed a dangerous python, they converted to Islam and married local women. Now, they are believed to have just six descendants left there; in 2002, DNA tests conducted on one of the women confirmed that she was of Chinese descent. Her daughter, Mwamaka Sharifu, later received a PRC government scholarship to study traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China.

On Pate Island, Frank Viviano described in a July 2005 National Geographic article how ceramic fragments had been found around Lamu which the administrative officer of the local Swahili history museum claimed were of Chinese origin, specifically from Zheng He's voyage to east Africa. The eyes of the Pate people resembled Chinese and Famao and Wei were some of the names among them which were speculated to be of Chinese origin. Their ancestors were said to be from indigenous women who intermarried with Chinese Ming sailors when they were shipwrecked. Two places on Pate were called "Old Shanga", and "New Shanga", which the Chinese sailors had named. A local guide who claimed descent from the Chinese showed Frank a graveyard made out of coral on the island, indicating that they were the graves of the Chinese sailors, which the author described as "virtually identical" to Chinese Ming dynasty tombs, complete with "half-moon domes" and "terraced entries".

Modern migration
The modern wave of Chinese migration to Kenya dates back to the late 20th century. As recently as 1996, there were few Chinese in Kenya, and the capital Nairobi had only one Chinese restaurant, but by 2007, the city boasted an estimated forty Chinese restaurants, largely opened by expatriates from mainland China. Most have settled in the area around the Chinese embassy, which is located near the State House and the Defence Headquarters, in a relatively high-security part of the city. There are also some Chinese in the coastal city of Mombasa. Restaurants and TCM clinics are two popular lines of business for Chinese in the city. Chinese in various parts of the country also run import/export businesses, with products as varied as computers, glassware, and automobile parts for import, and shark fins for export.

Recent Chinese migrants cite Kenya's relative stability and high rate of growth as factors in choosing it as their destination. However, many of them consisted of middle-aged people, as younger migrants preferred destinations in Europe or the United States. In total, estimates published in popular media from 2006 through 2008 place the number of Chinese in Kenya at anywhere between 3,000 and 10,000 people.

Education and media
Kenya has one Chinese community school, the Kenya-China School (肯尼亚中国学校), founded in March 2006. It has 20 teachers, among whom five teach Chinese, and 200 students, including 20 at the kindergarten level, 50 in the primary school division, and 130 technical students. The student body is just 25% Chinese. The Confucius Institute has also opened a branch at the University of Nairobi, its first on the African continent. A second Institute now exists at Kenyatta University on the outskirts of Nairobi. Overtime, Confucius institutes has spread to other universities like Moi University in Eldoret and Egerton University in Nakuru county.

China Radio International and China Central Television are rebroadcast for a few hours a day by the Kenya Broadcasting Corporation.

Integration and community
Some local Kenyan merchants complain that Chinese expatriates selling imported goods are taking jobs from them. They accuse Chinese traders of "taking photographs of their goods to copy the designs", and claim "they have unfair advantages such as cheap labour in China local government support". Chinese people have also opened apparel factories in Kenya's export processing zones, but there have been protests against poor working conditions there. Many Chinese businesspeople, especially those in the textiles industry, try to avoid directly dealing with locals as a result of this opprobrium, instead employing Kenyan human resources managers and accountants. The Kenyan government are taking a variety of steps to attempt to address the trade imbalance between the two countries, including encouraging Chinese traders to invest in local production facilities.

Chinese people are respected by most Kenyan locals for the infrastructure that Chinese companies have built in Kenya, such as the Thika Road. However, Chinese engineers working in remote parts of the country on such infrastructure projects stand out significantly from locals, and often face the danger of local violence.

Chinatowns

There are several Chinatowns in the capital city of Nairobi.  Most of them are low profile as some complain that the Chinese establishments were "Catering only to the Chinese community".

See also

Indians in Kenya
Chinatowns in Africa
China–Kenya relations

References

Further reading
. Includes pictures of various Chinese-owned businesses in the city.
. Includes pictures of Chinese New Year celebrations in Nairobi.

Asian diaspora in Kenya
Ethnic groups in Kenya
Kenya
Kenyan people of Asian descent


William McNamara (9 June 1876 – 21 November 1959) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

McNamara was a wingman at Carlton for six seasons and left the club after not being picked for the 1904 finals. As a result, he missed out on playing in the successful team which won three successive premierships from 1906 to 1908. During this time he was instead a VFL umpire and officiated in 104 games, mostly as a boundary umpire. He was on the boundary in the 1910 VFL Grand Final.

References

1876 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Carlton Football Club players
Brunswick Football Club players
Australian Football League umpires
1959 deaths


GooglyMinotaur was an instant messaging bot on the AOL Instant Messenger network. Developed by ActiveBuddy under contract by Capitol Records, GooglyMinotaur provided Radiohead-related information, and was released simultaneously with the band's fifth studio album, Amnesiac in June 2001. GooglyMinotaur was named for the character that appears on the Amnesiac album cover.

ActiveBuddy's first offering, GooglyMinotaur was by November 2001 on 387,000 buddy lists and had received more than 36 million messages. It provided tour information, band facts, MP3 downloads, and assorted exclusive content provided by the studio, Capitol Records, in addition to the idle conversation that typified the chatterbots of that period.

An article was written by the chatbot creators on its 22 year anniversary.  https://chatbotsmagazine.com/radiohead-s-googlyminotaur-ee91cd600a4a

In March 2002, GooglyMinotaur was switched off, and responded with the message "Since his catapult into buddy-hood, GooglyMinotaur has sent about 60 million IM messages to nearly 1 million different people. Always dependable and infinitely wise, Googly seemed fitter and happier up until his very last days. At this time, reports state the cause of death is undetermined."

References

Chatbots
Radiohead


Marentes is one of eleven parishes (administrative divisions) in the municipality of Ibias, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Villages and hamlets
Busto
Marcellana
Marentes
Villajane

References

Parishes in Ibias


Chinese(-)Kenyan or Kenyan(-)Chinese may refer to:
People's Republic of China–Kenya relations (c.f. a "Chinese–Kenyan treaty)
Chinese people in Kenya
Kenyans in China
People with dual citizenship of China and Kenya
Afro-Asian people of mixed Chinese and Kenyan descent


Play-N-Skillz are a Latin/American record production/DJ group duo from Dallas, Texas, consisting of brothers Juan "Play" Salinas and Oscar "Skillz" Salinas. Their production has won several Grammys including the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group in 2007 for their production on the single "Ridin'" by Chamillionaire and Krayzie Bone, and the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album for Lil Wayne's Tha Carter III (2008), which included their production on the single "Got Money".

By 2011, the duo had branched into EDM, and collaborated with David Guetta on the song "Where Them Girls At" featuring Nicki Minaj and Flo Rida. In 2014 Play-N-Skillz connected with Redfoo of the group LMFAO and went on tour with him around the world while working on Redfoo's solo album, where they wrote and produced the multi-platinum global hit "New Thang" as well as the controversial "Literally I Can't".

The duo also releases music through their record deal with Sony Latin Music, where they have had a partnership since 2016. In 2019, Play-N-Skillz produced and co-wrote the diamond single "Con Calma" for Daddy Yankee. A remix version featuring American singer Katy Perry was released on April 19, 2019. The brothers have also expanded their brand into other business ventures including being named the creative directors at CTM Latin Music Publishing, while also gaining a position of ownership in the company.

Background
Producers, writers, and DJs Play-N-Skillz are brothers of Argentinean and Venezuelan descent from Texas: Juan "Play" Salinas and younger brother Oscar "Skillz" Salinas. While attending Irving High School, the two began to pursue a childhood passion of DJing, starting in school parties. After becoming well known in the Dallas area as DJs, the brothers built a temporary studio in their mother's apartment and began to explore music production.

In early 2003, a chance meeting with Houston Rapper Lil' Flip opened the door for Play-N-Skillz to produce the majority of his highly anticipated release "U Gotta Feel Me." Their newfound success led to the 2005 debut album The Process, which included the single "Freaks" feat. Adina Howard and Krazie Bone.  The album’s third single, "Call Me", featured Texas rapper Chamillionaire with whom Play-N Skillz would soon collaborate again, producing his hit single "Ridin' (Dirty)." This was the first of two Grammy award-winning productions for the Salinas Brothers; it won Best Rap Collaboration by a Group or Duo.

2008–2017
In 2008, Play-N-Skillz worked with Lil Wayne to create the song "Got Money" for his album Tha Carter III. The song soared to the top of the charts in hip-hop and pop and was nominated for three Grammy Awards.

By 2011, the duo brought their music to the EDM scene, and crossed paths with David Guetta, who also saw a similar need. Together, they co-wrote and arranged his music, leading to the hit "Where Them Girls At" featuring Nicki Minaj and Flo Rida.

In 2016, the DJs signed with Latium Records/Sony Latin and released the single "No Es Ilegal (Not a Crime)", a collaboration with Daddy Yankee which spent 20 weeks on the charts and earned them their first Latin Billboard nomination for best duo or group in 2017. On the heels of this success, the duo released in 2017 their follow-up single under Sony Latin, a modern remake of the Selena classic "Si Una Vez", featuring Frankie J, Wisin and Leslie Grace on the Spanish version, Becky G and Kap G on the English version. The single instantly became a viral sensation, topping the Shazzam and iTunes charts at number one, as well as spending 23 weeks on the Billboard charts, earning the brothers their second consecutive Billboard Latin Music Award nomination.

Current
At the top of the year the brothers teamed up with DJ Steve Aoki, Elvis Crespo, and Daddy Yankee for the massive release of their global hit, "Azukita". In March 2018, these artists all played one of the biggest stages in the world, Ultra Music Festival in Miami, Florida.

In early March 2018, Play-N-Skillz joined Dominican artist Messiah on his debut single "Pum Pum", released through Atlantic Records, which the brothers produced as well as appeared as featured artists.

Play-N-Skillz released their third official single under Sony Latin/Latium Records, "Cuidao", featuring Yandel & Messiah. The song received over ten million views on VEVO in less than three weeks.

In 2018, Play-N-Skillz also worked with South Korean boy band Super Junior on the song "Lo Siento".

In 2019, Play-N-Skillz produced and co-wrote the number-one worldwide diamond single "Con Calma" for Daddy Yankee. A remix version featuring American singer Katy Perry was released on April 19, 2019. The song is also used in the 2019 film Spies in Disguise. Commercially, the song topped the charts of 20 countries and reached the top 10 of ten others. In the United States, it has topped the Hot Latin Songs chart for 14 weeks. Across Europe, the single peaked at number one in the Czech Republic, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, and Spain, and reached the top five in Belgium, Poland, and Switzerland. The song also became the longest-reigning number-one on the Argentina Hot 100, with ten weeks.

In 2020, Play-N-SKillz produced and co-wrote "Muévelo" for Nicky Jam & Daddy Yankee. It was released as the second single from Bad Boys for Life soundtrack. It reached #1 on US Latin Airplay. They also produced and co-wrote "Rompe Rodilla" for Guaynna.  2020 also saw the worldwide collaboration "Mambo" come to life as Play-N-Skillz masterminded and co-wrote and co-produced with Steve Aoki and Willy William this world anthem featuring El Alfa, Sean Paul & Sfera Ebbasta.

Discography

Albums
Texas 2 da World (2003)
The Best of Lil' Flip & Play N Skillz (2004)
The Album Before The Album (2005)
The Process (2005)

Mixtapes
The Titaniq Prequel hosted by DJ Smallz (2007)
Recession Proof (2009)
Platino Lifestyle (2011)
Fireworks (2011)
Red October (2011)
Fireworks 2.0 (2012)

Singles
"Freaks" (2004) featuring Adina Howard, Krayzie Bone
"Call Me" (2004) featuring Chamillionaire
"Latinos Stand Up" (2005)
"Get Freaky" (2006) featuring Pitbull
"One Mo Gin" (2008) featuring Lil Jon, Krayzie Bone, & Bun B
"Boom" (2008) featuring Nina Sky & Pitbull
"Checkin My Fresh" (2008)
"Come Home With Me" (2009) featuring Akon
"Angel Eyes" (2009) featuring Akon
"1, 2, 3, 4" (2010) featuring Pitbull & Paul Wall
"I Just Wanna F*ck" (2010) featuring Three 6 Mafia & Nelly
"Things We Do" (2010) featuring Snoop Dogg
"Wonderful Life" (2011) featuring Bun B
"Dallas Freaks" (2011) featuring Dorrough & Too Short
"Richest Man" (2012) featuring Pitbull & Shelby Shaw
"Say Goodbye" (2012) featuring Akon
"Literally I Can't" (2014) featuring Redfoo, Lil Jon and Enertia McFly
"Not a Crime" (2016) featuring Daddy Yankee
"Si una vez" (2016) featuring Wisin, Frankie J, & Leslie Grace
"Si Una Vez (If I Once)" (English version) (2017) featuring Frankie J, Becky G, & Kap G
"Hey Guapo" (2017) with Kirstin Maldonado
"Cuidao" (2018), Yandel, Messiah
"Azukita" (2018), Steve Aoki, Daddy Yankee, Elvis Crespo
"Pum Pum" (2018), Messiah, Kap G
"Bésame" (2020), Daddy Yankee, Zion & Lennox
"Billetes" (2020), featuring Nicky Jam, Natanael Cano
"Scarface" (2020) El Alfa, Farruko
"Tranki" (2021), featuring De La Ghetto, Nengo Flow
"Mambo" (2021), Steve Aoki, El Alfa, Sean Paul, Sfera Eddasta
"Nueva Vida" (2021), Farina, Lil Durk
"Chikitita" (2021), Guaynaa, El Alfa
"Baila Así" (2021), featuring Chiquis, Becky G, Thalia

Guest appearances
"Deja Vu" (Slim featuring Rick Ross and Play-N-Skillz) (2012)
"Lo Siento" (Super Junior featuring Leslie Grace and Play-N-Skillz) (2018)
"Azukita"  (Steve Aoki featuring Daddy Yankee with Elvis Crespo and Play-N-Skillz) (2018)
"Give Me More"  (VAV featuring De La Ghetto and Play-N-Skillz) (2019)
"Mambo" (Steve Aoki and Willy William featuring El Alfa, Sean Paul, Sfera Ebbasta and Play-N-Skillz) (2021)
"Party Of A Lifetime" (Pitbull featuring Play-N-Skillz) (2022)
"Beachy Remix", (Daddy Yankee, Omar Courtz, Play-N-Skillz) (2023).

Production discography

Chamillionaire – "Ridin'" (featuring Krayzie Bone) (2006)
Reyez – "So Sexy" (2006)
Frankie J – "That Girl" (2006)
Hilary Duff – "With Love (Remix)" (featuring Slim Thug) (2007)
Chamillionaire – "The Bill Collecta" (featuring Krayzie Bone) (2007)
Kia Shine – "Krispy" (2007)
Lil Wayne – "Got Money" (featuring T-Pain) (2008)
Ludacris – "Wish You Would (Play-N-Skillz Remix)" (featuring T.I.) (2008)
St. Lunatics – "Get Low 2 Da Flo" (2009)
Nelly – "Angel Eyes" (featuring Akon) (2009)
Hurricane Chris – "Halle Berry (She's Fine)" (2009)
Bun B – "Ridin' Slow" (featuring Play-N-Skillz and Slim Thug) (2010)
Slim Thug – "Free" (2010)
Pitbull – "Daddy's Little Girl" (featuring Slim) (2009)
David Guetta – "Where Them Girls At" (featuring Flo Rida & Nicki Minaj) (written only) (2011)
Rye Rye – "Crazy Bitch" (featuring Akon) (2011)
Play-N-Skillz, Kirstin – "Hey Guapo" (2017)
Play-N-Skillz – "La Movida" (featuring Messiah & Snow Tha Product) (2017)
Steve Aoki, Daddy Yankee, Elvis Crespo, Play-N-Skillz – "Azukita" (2018)
Messiah featuring Play-N-Skillz & Kap G – "PUM PUM" (2018)
Play-N-Skillz, Yandel, Messiah – "Cuidao" (2018)
Super Junior – "Lo Siento" (featuring Leslie Grace) (2018)
CNCO & Prince Royce "Llegaste Tu" (2018)
Daddy Yankee featuring Snow "Con Calma" (2019)
Messiah feat. Nicky Jam "Solito" (2019)
Nicky Jam & Daddy Yankee "Muevelo" (2020)
Guaynaa "Rompe Rodillas" (2020)
Play-N-Skillz, Daddy Yankee,Zion y Lennox "Besame" (2020)
Natanael Cano "La Reina" (2020)
Natanael Cano "Bendiciones" (2020)
Play-N-Skillz, Natanael Cano, Nicky Jam "Billetes" (2020)
Ovi, Zion y Lennox "Se Acabo" (2021)
Ovi, Natanael Cano, J Quieles "Tumbado en Miami" (2021)

Play-N-Skillz feat. Natanael Cano

References

External links

American hip hop record producers
Hip hop duos
Hispanic and Latino American musicians
Musical duos from Texas
People from Irving, Texas
Record production duos
Sibling musical duos
Southern hip hop groups
Record producers from Texas
Reggaeton record producers
Sony Music Latin artists


Punta Tuna Light is a historic lighthouse located in the southeast of the town of Maunabo, Puerto Rico on a narrow promontory at the southeasternmost point of the island. It was first lit in 1892 and automated in 1989. The light was a third-order lighthouse that served as the primary light connecting the island's southern and eastern lights system. The design was drawn and laid out by Joaquin Gisbert in 1890. The lighthouse construction was initially overseen by Adrian Duffaut. It was built from March 13, 1891, to September 29, 1893. Final construction was taken over by the Spanish Body of Engineers according to annotations of the historian Carlos Moral. It was originally named Faro de Mala Pascua after the cape to the west. Later, it was moved and renamed after the Point of the construction site so the light could perform a double duty warning ships off the Sargent reef. On August 8, 1899, the lighthouse suffered damage from Hurricane San Ciriaco; the town suffered heavy damage. On April 12, 1900, an act of Congress (31 Stat. L., 77, 80) extended the jurisdiction of the Lighthouse Service to the noncontiguous territory of Puerto Rico and adjacent American waters. 1900 (1 May) The Lighthouse Board took charge of the Puerto Rico lighthouses. September 13, 1928, Devastating Hurricane San Felipe II strikes, again the lighthouse stands firm, but the town housing is nearly totally destroyed. It was once again damaged by Hurricane Maria on Sept 20, 2017. The light's housing, the external facade, and the surrounding vegetation were all damaged, with some trees completely downed. It was listed in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1981. In 2007, the government of Puerto Rico bought an area near the lighthouse to create a conservation area. The structure is being restored by the town of  Maunabo  and is open to the public. The light is not working and the lens appears to be missing.  The lighthouse in a state of disrepair and locked, but one may still view it from the surrounding property.

In June 2011, the General Services Administration made the Punta Tuna Light (along with 11 others) available at no cost to public organizations willing to preserve them.

Gallery

See also
 List of lighthouses in Puerto Rico

References

External links

Historic American Engineering Record in Puerto Rico
Lighthouses completed in 1892
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Puerto Rico
Neoclassical architecture in Puerto Rico
Maunabo, Puerto Rico
Octagonal buildings in the United States
1892 establishments in Puerto Rico


Telefol, Telefomin, or Telefolmin may refer to:
 Telefol people
 Telefol language

See also
 Telefomin
 Telefomin District


Os Coutos is one of eleven parishes (administrative divisions) in the Preserves is a parish council Ibias, the westernmost of it. Bordered on the west by Galicia (Navia), and joins the rest of the parish council by Sena. It has an oceanic climate with cold winters and hot dry summers. Dominated by chestnut and pine. There is much big game, because in the mountain there are many wild boar and deer. Although there are plenty of foxes and yew, and it is believed that there are wolves in the traces found. There is also trout fishing in the Navia River, which borders the neighboring community of Galicia. In recent years, the parish suffered a significant drop in the number of inhabitants, as the average age is high.

Villages and hamlets
 Folgueiras dos Coutos
 A Legúa
 A Muria
 Parada
 Santa Comba dos Coutos
 Valdeferreiros
 Vilarello
 Vilaselande
 O Viñal

References

Parishes in Ibias