Suicide  is a  professional wrestling persona, used by multiple wrestlers in Impact Wrestling (formerly Total Nonstop Action Wrestling; TNA). Suicide first appeared as a character in the 2008 video game TNA Impact!. In December 2008, the Suicide character was introduced on television as a real-life wrestler. Originally portrayed by Frankie Kazarian, Christopher Daniels held the role for a time in early 2009 and went on to win the X Division Championship. In June 2010, Kiyoshi became the third man to use the gimmick.

By October 2010, the gimmick was dropped, but made a brief return in January 2011, once again being portrayed by Christopher Daniels, before being dropped once again in April 2011. Suicide returned to television in May 2013 portrayed by T. J. Perkins. Austin Aries wrestled under the Suicide gimmick on the episode of Impact Wrestling which aired on June 27, 2013 and won the TNA X Division Championship. Suicide was "revealed" to be Perkins, who claimed Aries stole his ring gear, on the June 30, 2013, episode of Impact Wrestling. His ring name was changed to Manik, using a slightly altered version of the Suicide gear, with new music. Perkins remains the only man to have wrestled under the Manik persona.

The Suicide persona returned in July 2016 for TNA One Night Only X-Travaganza 2016, portrayed by Jonathan Gresham. In March 2017, Caleb Konley became the man behind the mask.

History

Introduction as a video game character

Suicide was originally created by Midway Games as an original character for the 2008 TNA Impact! video game. The character is voiced by Low Ki, who also did motion capture for the game and appears as himself.

In the game's storyline he is a professional wrestler moving up the ranks, when prior to his match for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, he is approached by The Latin American Xchange, who tell him to throw the match. When he instead goes on to win the title, he is beaten beyond recognition by LAX and left for dead in Mexico. Doctors find him alive, but suffering from amnesia, and aid in his recovery while offering free plastic surgery as well. This allows the player to create their own look for Suicide, establishing his new identity in the process. Finding he has a knack for wrestling, he is recruited for the TNA roster as Suicide, and forms a tag team with Eric Young called the Salty Biscuits. LAX kidnaps Young and orders Suicide to win the TNA World Heavyweight Championship then drop the title to Jeff Jarrett. After winning the title Suicide remembers his past, saves Young with the help of other wrestlers, and gets revenge on Jarrett by defeating him in the match for the World Heavyweight Championship.

Wrestling Debut and X Division Champion (2008–2011)

During every episode of TNA's primary television program, Impact!, after August 14, 2008, the words "whoissuicide.com" flashed on the screen for less than a second. On the website, it showed that Suicide was being taken from the game to real life television. At Final Resolution, Suicide made his debut by attacking Chris Sabin and Alex Shelley, the Motor City Machine Guns. At Destination X, Christopher Daniels won the X Division Championship in an Ultimate X match, while using the Suicide gimmick, having replaced the injured Frankie Kazarian. On the May 14, 2009, episode of TNA, after weeks of accusing Daniels of being Suicide, the Motor City Machine Guns and Lethal Consequences (Jay Lethal and Consequences Creed) looked to remove the mask of Suicide. This prompted Daniels to come out and save Suicide from being exposed. Suicide wrestled Daniels at the Sacrifice pay-per-view event, in which Suicide retained via time limit draw after Daniels refused a victory assisted by the Motor City Machine Guns.

At Slammiversary, Suicide retained the X Division Championship against Shelley, Sabin, Lethal, and Creed in a King of the Mountain match. On July 16, Suicide lost his championship to Homicide after he cashed in his "Feast or Fired" briefcase. After not being seen for a few weeks, Suicide made his return at Hard Justice to compete in the Steel Asylum match, which he lost because of D'Angelo Dinero. On the August 20 edition of Impact! Suicide attacked Dinero after his match with Consequences Creed. On the September 17 edition of Impact! Dinero defeated Suicide in a grudge match. At No Surrender Dinero defeated Suicide again, this time in a Falls Count Anywhere match. The following week on Impact! Suicide finally defeated Dinero, by doing the Suicide Solution on a trash can in a street fight. On the October 15 edition of Impact! Homicide stole Suicide's costume and claims to now know his true identity. On the December 3 edition Impact! Suicide made peace with Dinero and joined him, Matt Morgan and Hernandez in their war with Rhino, Team 3D and Jesse Neal. At Final Resolution Morgan, Hernandez, Dinero and Suicide defeated Neal, Team 3D and Rhino in an eight-man elimination tag team match.

On the February 18, 2010, edition of Impact! Kazarian returned to TNA, and would no longer use the Suicide gimmick. The character made its return four months later on June 14, losing to Magnus in a match taped for Xplosion. This time it was portrayed by Japanese wrestler Akira Kawabata, known in TNA as Kiyoshi. At the July 12 tapings of Xplosion, Kawabata picked up his first victory as Suicide, defeating Eric Young. The gimmick was temporarily retired after a house show in Windsor, Ontario on September 12, 2010, where he was defeated by Kazarian, which was followed by Kawabata returning to television as Kiyoshi on October 8 and the removal of Suicide's profile from TNA's official website on October 13. Suicide returned at the January 31, 2011, tapings of Xplosion, with Christopher Daniels once again using the gimmick. Suicide wrestled his final match on the May 12 edition of Impact!, where he was defeated by Sangriento. Suicide's final appearance was at TNA Destination X 2011, where he was featured in a backstage segment with Eric Young.

Name change and The Revolution (2013–2016)
After nearly two years of inactivity, vignettes began airing for Suicide's return to TNA on May 9, 2013. Suicide made his official return defeating Joey Ryan and Petey Williams on the May 23 episode of Impact Wrestling earning an X Division Title shot at Slammiversary. For this return, Suicide was portrayed by T. J. Perkins. Suicide received his title shot on June 2 at Slammiversary XI, but was defeated by Chris Sabin in an Ultimate X match, also involving Kenny King. On the June 27 episode of Impact Wrestling, Perkins was revealed as the man behind the mask of Suicide as part of a storyline where he had been attacked and the Suicide costume and mask stolen and utilized by Austin Aries to win the X Division Championship.

On June 29, at the tapings of the July 4 episode of Impact Wrestling, Perkins began using the ring name Manik, while retaining a modified version of the Suicide costume and mask. He participated in a three-way match for the X Division Championship against Sabin and Aries, which Sabin won to regain the championship; Manik was removed from the match after being attacked by the Aces & Eights. After Sabin vacated the championship, Manik entered the tournament to determine the new champion, and advanced to the final by defeating Chavo Guerrero Jr. and Kenny King. On July 18, at the tapings of the July 25 episode of Impact Wrestling, Manik won the vacant X Division Championship by defeating Greg Marasciuolo and Sonjay Dutt in a three-way Ultimate X match. Including a successful defense against Chris Sabin on the September 26 episode of Impact Wrestling, Manik held the championship until Bound for Glory on October 20, when he lost it to Sabin in a five-way Ultimate X match. Following a hiatus lasting several months, Manik returned to the promotion at Lockdown losing to Tigre Uno in a steel cage match.

On September 3, Manik was kidnapped by James Storm and Sanada; the following week, Storm was shown initiating Manik into a new faction, later called The Revolution, and the trio later attacked Samoa Joe and Homicide. On a September 23, 2015 episode of Impact Wrestling Manik quit The Revolution and took his mask off revealing his face on TNA for the first time since debuting as Manik. On January 12, 2016, T. J. Perkins was released from TNA, removing the character from TV.

In July 2016, the Suicide character was brought back for a TNA One Night Only X-Travaganza 2016 taping, this time being portrayed by independent wrestler Jonathan Gresham.

Return (2017–2021)
In March 2017, Impact announced that Suicide would be returning on March 16 episode of Impact Wrestling. Suicide returned on March 16 Impact Wrestling, now being portrayed by Caleb Konley, in a four-way match for the X Division Championship, in which he was unsuccessful. The character went on a hiatus, due to the departure of Caleb Konley on March 1, 2019.

The Suicide character made its return to Impact Wrestling on March 24, 2020, attacking Moose after his match against Chase Stevens, with Caleb Konley using the gimmick once again. On March 31, 2020, at the Total Nonstop Action Wrestling Special! event, T. J. Perkins returned as Manik teaming with Suicide defeating the tag team of TNA Originals Johnny Swinger and Kid Kash. On May 19, 2020, Suicide unsuccessfully challenged Moose for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship.

On the August 12, 2021, episode of Impact!, Suicide made his final appearance competing in a number one contenders battle royal for the Impact World Championship which was won by Brian Myers. After Konley announced his departure from Impact Wrestling on April 14, 2022, the Suicide gimmick was once again dropped and it is officially unknown if the character will return again anytime soon.

Wrestlers who have portrayed Suicide

Low Ki provided the voice and motion-capture for the character in the TNA Impact! video game.

On the June 27, 2013, edition of Impact Wrestling, Austin Aries stole the costume in order to win the X Division Championship in order to use "Option C" at that year's Destination X.

On the November 24, 2020, episode of Impact!, Crazzy Steve disguised himself as Suicide and defeated Rohit Raju to get a shot at his X Division Championship, but lost the following week.

Championships and accomplishments

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
TNA X Division Championship (2 times)
TNA X Division Championship Tournament (2013)
X Division King of the Mountain (2009)

Notes

References

External links

 TNA Wrestling profile
 IMPACT Wrestling Profile
 WhoIsSuicide.com

2008 in professional wrestling
2009 in professional wrestling
Masked wrestlers
Professional wrestling gimmicks
Impact Wrestling
Video game characters introduced in 2008
TNA/Impact X Division Champions


The list of ship launches in 1926 includes a chronological list of ships launched in 1926.

References

Sources

1926
Ship launches

1926-related lists


Gerlinde Schönbauer (born 7 March 1948) is an Austrian pair skater. With partner Wilhelm Bietak, she represented Austria at the 1964 Winter Olympics, where they placed 12th. Their partnership ended in 1966.

Competitive highlights

References

Navigation

Austrian female pair skaters
Olympic figure skaters for Austria
Figure skaters at the 1964 Winter Olympics
1948 births
Living people


Shana Zadrick (born February 14, 1969) is an American model.  She has appeared on the cover of several editions of Vogue Italia and in the 1992 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue.  She appeared in the second music video for John Mellencamp and Meshell Ndegeocello's version of "Wild Night" by Van Morrison, a track from Mellencamp's album Dance Naked. She has done print work for leading fashion labels including Michael Kors, Calvin Klein and Guess.

Notes

External links

1969 births
Female models from Colorado
Living people
People from Grand Junction, Colorado
21st-century American women


Cobalt(II) hydroxide or cobaltous hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula , consisting of divalent cobalt cations  and hydroxide anions . The pure compound, often called the "beta form" (β-) is a pink solid insoluble in water.

The name is also applied to a related compound, often called "alpha" or "blue" form (α-), which incorporates other anions in its molecular structure.  This compound is blue and rather unstable.

Cobalt(II) hydroxide is most used as a drying agent for paints, varnishes, and inks, in the preparation of other cobalt compounds, as a catalyst and in the manufacture of battery electrodes.

Preparation
Cobalt(II) hydroxide precipitates as a solid when an alkali metal hydroxide is added to an aqueous solution of Co2+ salt.  For example,
Co2+  + 2 NaOH   →   Co(OH)2  +  2 Na+

The compound can be prepared by reacting cobalt(II) nitrate in water with a solution of triethylamine  as both the base and a complexing agent. It can also be prepared by elecrolysis of a solution of cobalt nitrate with a platinum cathode.

Reactions
Cobalt(II) hydroxide decomposes to cobalt(II) oxide at 168 °C under vacuum and is oxidized by air. The thermal decomposition product in air above 300 °C is Co3O4.

Like iron(II) hydroxide, cobalt(II) hydroxide is a basic hydroxide, and reacts with acids to form cobalt(II) salts.  It also reacts with strong bases to form solutions with dark blue cobaltate(II) anions, [Co(OH)4]2− and [Co(OH)6]4−.

Structure
The pure (β) form of cobalt(II) hydroxide has the brucite crystal structure.  As such, the anion and cation packing are like those in cadmium iodide, in which the cobalt(II) cations have octahedral molecular geometry.

The beta form can be obtained as platelets with partial hexagonal geometry, 100-300 nm wide and 5-10 nm thick.

Alpha form
The so-called "alpha form" (α-Co(OH)2) is not a polymorph of the pure (β) form, but rather a more complex compound in which hydroxide-cobalt-hydroxide layers have a residual positive charge and alternate with layers of other anions such as nitrate, carbonate, chloride, etc. (the hydrotalcite structure).  It is usually obtained as a blue precipitate when a base like sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of a cobalt(II) salt.  The precipitate slowly converts to the beta form.

Nanotubes
Cobalt hydroxide can be obtained in the form of nanotubes, which may be of interest in nanotechnology and materials science.

References

Cobalt(II) compounds
Hydroxides


Jay Blotcher (born 1960) is an American activist,  journalist, and editor. He was active in the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) in its early years, serving as chair of the media committee, and was a founding member of Queer Nation.

Blotcher later worked as a publicist for the American Foundation for AIDS Research (AmFAR) and the Culinary Institute of America, as well as co-founding a public relations firm that specialized in representing progressive groups and individuals. His work has appeared in both mainstream and LGBTQ publications, including The New York Times, the Advocate, Out, POZ, Gay City News, and LGNY.

In 2004, Blotcher and his longtime partner were among the first same-sex couples to be married in the state of New York when New Paltz mayor Jason West wed twenty-five couples in front of the village hall in a ceremony later challenged in court.

Adoption and early life

Blotcher was born to nineteen-year-old Valerie Paul in June 1960, although his birth remained unknown to his biological father, Baltimore Orioles pitcher Arnie Portocarrero. Paul and Portocarrero had met through friends over drinks in Boston one evening, Blotcher says his mother later told him. After his birth, Paul surrendered custody to a foster home in greater Boston, where Blotcher  lived until June 30, 1961, when he was adopted by Malvin "Sonny" Blotcher and Elaine "Lolly" Blotcher through a Jewish adoption agency.

Blotcher grew up in Randolph, Massachusetts, with his sister, Andrea, also adopted, and attended Temple Beth Am Hebrew School. Blotcher's parents were active at temple, both serving in leadership roles and volunteering at temple events. Blotcher graduated from Randolph High School (Massachusetts) in 1978.

Blotcher's interest in LGBTQ activism began while he was a student at Syracuse University, where he wrote a pair of articles profiling the school's Gay Student Association in the student newspaper, The Daily Orange, and magazine, Report. During a journalism class in his sophomore year, when required to write a term paper on a major magazine, Blotcher chose the gay publication Christopher Street, spending a day in the magazine's New York City offices, and subsequently sending the publisher a copy of his term paper. Editor Tom Steele wrote back, "When you come to New York, you have a job." Blotcher graduated from Syracuse University in May 1982.

Valerie Paul eventually searched for her son, leading to Blotcher's 1988 reunion with her and discovery of his Puerto Rican roots.

Living and working in New York City

Blotcher moved to New York City after graduating from college in the spring of 1982. As promised, Tom Steele hired Blotcher to write for Christopher Street and The New York Native''', two publications covering arts and politics in the New York City lesbian and gay community. Blotcher was living with friends on the Upper West Side.

In 1983, Blotcher worked as an associate producer for Our Time, a thirteen-week television series on metropolitan gay life, produced and hosted by activist, author and film historian Vito Russo. Because the pay was inadequate, Russo suggested Blotcher get a night job at the Saint Marks Baths located on Manhattan's Lower East Side, where Russo had worked while writing his book The Celluloid Closet. Blotcher got a job as a towel boy.

In 1989, Blotcher moved to the Lower East Side, taking a one bedroom apartment on the second floor of an 1889 tenement building on Essex Street where he paid $485 per month in rent. Blotcher recalls that many of his activist comrades also lived in the neighborhood, and several, including his friend, author Michelangelo Signorile, lived upstairs in the same building. On the Lower East Side, members of ACT UP formed "uneasy alliances" with community organizers there by day, and peopled local bars like the Tunnel and Wonder Bar at night.

In 1990, with Alan Klein, Blotcher co-founded Public Impact Media Consultants, a public relations firm specializing in progressive groups and individuals. Blotcher and Klein had met in 1987 at a picket Blotcher helped organize against Cardinal John O'Connor and the policies of the Roman Catholic Church.

ACT UP and Queer Nation

Blotcher was volunteering at the Gay Men's Health Crisis in 1987, working the telephones for donations to its annual AIDS Walk New York, when he first heard about the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP). A friend came into the office and told him a group of activists was marching on Wall Street the next day to protest the high price of azidothymidine (AZT), one of the only drugs then available to fight HIV. Blotcher said that resonated with him, so he attended the demonstration the next morning. A few months later, when he saw ACT UP at the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights, "in all its fiery fury, all of its grandeur, all of its sexy anger", he wanted to be a part of it.

Blotcher attended the first meeting of ACT UP's media committee, convened in the living room of Vito Russo's West Twenty-Fourth Street apartment. The committee's challenge was getting journalists to write about AIDS in spite of the apathy of the unaffected and the stigma of the affected. Blotcher would become the fourth person to chair the committee, following David Corkery and Bob Rafsky, who shared the role, and Michelangelo Signorile, who passed the responsibility on to him. Blotcher said the unwillingness of the media to cover such a consequential public health threat as AIDS led to his revelation that "journalism isn't objective."

As the chair of the Media Committee, Blotcher donned a suit and tie for demonstrations, and deliberately presented a calm and clearly spoken professional demeanor to the assembled journalists. He spoke on behalf of ACT UP at numerous demonstrations, including the second anniversary "spring lie-down" at New York City Hall in July 1989, and Stop the Church on December 10, 1989, among others. Blotcher represented the group at the International AIDS Conferences in Montreal (1989), Amsterdam (1992), and Yokohama (1994).

Blotcher also participated in other demonstrations, including the protests of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1988, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1990. In 1989, to protest the obstacles unwed partners of people with AIDS faced gaining entrance to emergency rooms and intensive care units, he and other members of ACT UP went to New York City Hall in couples to demand marriage licenses. On one occasion a photo of Blotcher being arrested appeared in USA Today, and his mother, although displeased, clipped out the photograph and mounted it on the refrigerator.

Living upstate and fighting for marriage rights

In 2001, Blotcher left Manhattan, and moved to High Falls, New York with Brook Garrett, then his domestic partner. The couple had also entered into a civil union in Vermont in 2000. In High Falls, Blotcher expected to "hang up his activist boots."

In 2004, years before the state of New York legalized same-sex marriage, Blotcher and Garrett were among twenty-five same-sex couples wed in New Paltz, New York by mayor Jason West. Blotcher said that, while West could not issue them a legal marriage license, the ceremony was still important to "show people who we are."

Blotcher and Garrett traveled to California in 2008, where they were among the 18,000 same-sex couples who were legally wed before the passage of Proposition 8 banned same-sex marriages, and the state grandfathered them in. That same year, Blotcher was one of the organizers of Join the Impact, a global online effort to organize for LGBTQ marriage equality, and attended the group's Lake Worth, Florida demonstration to protest Florida's Amendment 2, a measure that would have constitutionally defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman.

The day after the New York state legislature voted to make same-sex marriage legal in 2011, Blotcher said, "I'm dancing in the streets about what happened last night, but I'm very mindful of what work has not yet been done." Blotcher was referring to the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), and other remaining legal federal obstacles.

Blotcher is the co-founder of the Hudson Valley LGBTQ Center, and volunteers for the New Paltz LGBTQ Pride March and Festival.

Journalism and book editing

After moving upstate, Blotcher turned to journalism full-time, and found work as a stringer for The New York Times, writing four stories, and contributing to three others between 2001 and 2003. During a 2004 review of the newspaper's part-time staffers, Blotcher's past work as a spokesperson for ACT UP and AMFAR came to the attention of editor Susan Edgerley, who Blotcher said "blindsided" him when she dismissed him in February 2004, "...to protect against any appearance of conflict of interest." After the dismissal was reported by The Washington Post, activists Larry Kramer and Michael Petrelis criticized the decision, citing the apparent conflicts of interest of other Times' reporters.

Blotcher was the editor of Rainbow flag creator Gilbert Baker's posthumous memoir Rainbow Warrior: My Life in Color. Blotcher said the work was the fulfillment of a promise he had made to Baker in 1997.

Blotcher also edited Queer in America: Sex, the Media, and the Closets of Power by Michelangelo Signorile, Animal Factory by David Kirby, and Impresario of Castro Street: An Intimate Showbiz Memoir'' by Marc Huestis, among others.

As of May 2023, Blotcher had edited 90 literary projects, including memoirs, fiction, nonfiction, history, plays and podcasts.

References

American gay writers
American LGBT rights activists
Living people
American activist journalists
1960 births
Writers from Boston
Culinary Institute of America people


The New York City Department of Consumer and Worker Protection (DCWP), formerly the Department of Consumer Affairs (DCA), is a department of the government of New York City.

History
The duties were performed by the Commissioner of Public Markets until 1968. Bess Myerson was appointed by Mayor John Lindsay as the first commissioner of the Department for Consumer Affairs in 1969.

In 2019, the agency changed its name to the Department of Consumer and Worker Protection, expanding its role to protect workplace safety, paid sick leave laws, and freelancer protection.

Commissioners

See also
 New York City Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings (OATH), for hearings conducted on certain summonses issued by the Department
 New York City Public Advocate

References

External links

 Department of Consumer and Worker Protection in the Rules of the City of New York
 CityAdmin, a collection of NYC administrative decisions from the Center for New York City Law


Indian Creek is a partly natural and partly man-made waterway in the city of Miami Beach, Florida, United States.  It starts as a man-made canal where Biscayne Bay meets Lincoln Road, and runs along Dade Boulevard, forming the boundary between South Beach and the rest of the city.  At 24th street the canal opens into the natural waterway and continues north through the city past Allison Island where it opens into Biscayne Bay, till 71st Street where it merges with Normandy and Tatum Waterways and is no longer called Indian Creek.
The barrier island touts only 40 waterfront property parcels arranged around an ultra private 18-hole golf course which is why it is referred to as the Billionaire Bunker. Southbound is named Indian Creek Drive wherever the road runs along the creek.

References

Miami Beach, Florida
Waterways in the United States
Canals in Florida
Intracoastal Waterway


(Characters) is a name of a sans-serif typeface family for road signs in France including its overseas territories, as well as Monaco, Luxembourg, and Francophone countries in Africa, and formerly in Spain and Portugal. There are four variants: L1, L2, L4 and L5.  L1 is the bold variant, usually a black typeface on white background; used on road signs, which indicate places nearby, and uppercase only. L2 is the medium variant which is a white typeface on green background for Routes Nationales or blue backgrounds for Autoroutes; used on road signs which indicate distant places, and also uppercase only. L4 is the italic variant, which is like the L1 variant, is also a black typeface on white background, used on road signs within a city to indicate nearby places and public facilities, in both uppercase and lowercase. L5 is an upright companion to the L4 font, used for historical monuments and other places of interest.

Sans-serif typefaces


Complimentary language is a speech act that caters to positive face needs.   Positive face, according to Brown and Levinson, is "the positive consistent self-image or 'personality' (crucially including the desire that this self-image be appreciated and approved of) claimed by interactions".  Many studies examine complimentary language in relation to gender because of the noticeable differences in compliment topic, explicitness, and response depending on gender of the speaker as well as the gender of the addressee. Analysts use these studies to demonstrate their theories about inherent differences between the genders and the societal impact of gender roles.

Same-gender compliments
Compliment patterns appear to be quite different when the complimenter and complimentee are the same gender from when they are different genders, and differences between males and females still arise even within same-gender interactions.
In data from New Zealand, it was noted that women tended to compliment each other considerably more often than men complimented each other.  This statistic is reflected in further data that showed that women gave two-thirds of the recorded compliments and received three-quarters of them.  Compliments between men comprised a mere 9 percent of the data.  Similar patterns have been noted in studies of English speakers from other regions as well.

In written discourse, too, such patterns arose, as women tended to compliment other women more often than they complimented men, and more often than men complimented either each other or women.  In one study, compliments between women numbered almost 250, while compliments between men did not even reach 50.

Janet Holmes suggests that the discrepancies in male-male and female-female complimentary language may be due to differences in perception concerning the purpose of compliments. The hypothesis is that women use compliments to build affiliations, while men use compliments to make evaluative judgments. Deborah Tannen attributes female linguistic behavior to the purpose of rapport-building, so, assuming compliments are being used as such a means, the data of complimentary language between women seems to suggest this tendency to create and strengthen affiliations is strongest between women.

Compliments are usually classified into one of four categories, depending on what they refer to:  appearance, ability and performance, possessions, or personality.  In New Zealand data, it is shown that women tend to compliment each other based on appearance most often.  While 61 percent of the compliments between women were found to be appearance-based, only 36 percent of the compliments between men were found to compliment each other based on appearance.  Additionally, only 22 percent of the compliments based on appearance that were received by men were also given by men.

Men were found to compliment each other based on possessions more often than they compliment women based on possessions.  Men rarely complimented each other based on appearance in both the New Zealand and American data, but in the American data it seemed compliments based on appearance were less commonly received by men from women than in the New Zealand data.

Also in New Zealand data, apparent variation between the genders was noted among English-speakers.  While women are found to use the compliment pattern, "What [noun phrase]!" (as in, "What a nice shirt!") more often than men, men are found to use a more minimal pattern of, "[adjective] [noun phrase]" (as in, "Nice car.").  Thus, it is not surprising that compliments between men very rarely are found to adhere to the "What [noun phrase]!" pattern.  In data of American English, only women were found to use the emphasized form, "I love…" rather than, "I like…" and this pattern was most prevalent when women were complimenting other women.  Women also used intensifiers such as "really" and "very" in their compliments more than men, and women primarily used these intensifiers when addressing other women.

A study of Mandarin-speakers in Kunming, China indicated that men tend to use implicit compliments more often than women, and women tend to provide explanations and justifications for their compliments.  Another study of Chinese-speakers found similar results.  At 80.5 percent, women opted for explicit compliments with other women, while 57.2 percent of the compliments paid by males to other males were explicit.  Conversely, men used implicit compliments for other men, at  9.5 percent, while women used implicit compliments for other women only 2.3 percent of the time.  Men also chose no response, rather than accepting or declining a compliment, 28.5 percent of the time, while women chose no response only 12.8 percent of the time.

Opposite-gender compliments
Studies that use data from American interactions show that male-female compliments are significantly more frequent than female-male compliments, following the general pattern that women receive the most compliments overall, whether from other women or from men.  Much attention has been given to the pronounced difference in compliment topic in male-female versus  female-male compliments.  A particular study done on a college campus found that men gave women almost twice (52%) as many compliments on physical appearance as women gave men (26%). This tendency to praise physical attractiveness (as opposed to "skill, possession, etc.") was attributed to several theories:
 Women were more wary of giving compliments, especially those regarding physical appearance, for fear of being interpreted as too forward and romantically assertive.
 Alternately, men readily gave more obvious compliments. Male initiation of romantic relations is more socially acceptable, so a misinterpreted compliment would not be viewed as unnatural.
 Men are less accustomed to respond to or expect admiration related to physical appearance that is not an expression of romantic interest.  This is attributed to the relative rarity of the sincere male-male compliment in comparison to the near-ubiquitous female-female compliment.
 There is an expectation among both genders that women place greater significance on physical appearance than do men, and would therefore be more likely to give and receive compliments based on this quality.
An additional explanation from Wolfson posits that in the "American pattern", since men rarely give/receive appearance-related compliments from other men and rarely receive appearance-related compliments from women, the topic of physical attractiveness is not an appropriate topic for compliments from either men or women.  She notes that such compliments only occur when the male is much younger than the female.

Robin Lakoff's famous work on "women's speech" has been evaluated by Brower, Gerritsen, and DeHaan, and they found that the inventory of words that had been labeled as characteristically "women's speech" were actually used by both genders when addressing women, especially in complimentary language.  What had previously been categorized as adjectives primarily used by women ("adorable", "charming","sweet", "lovely", "divine", as opposed to the neutral words "great", "terrific","cool", "neat") were found in numerous examples of men referring to or addressing women.  Though still unproven, this type of "unusual" discourse further emphasizes a distinction between complimentary and regular language.

Studies that discuss opposite-sex compliments in specialized environments include Lauzen and Dozier's study on compliments on primetime sitcoms.  Though by no means as natural as everyday interactions, the number and type of appearance comments between female and male characters both mirror and conflict with data from real-life studies.  Most realistically accurate was the fact that female characters were twice as likely to be recipients of appearance-based comments. Conflicting facts include the balanced number of male-female and female-male compliments based on physical appearance, as opposed to others'  findings that show a clear disparity, with a higher occurrence of male-female compliments.  Relatedly, the study also examined insults, in which they found that although male-male insults are more likely than male-female insults, females-female insults (and compliments) are just as frequent as female-male ones.
The other specialized study concentrated on gender relations in the corporate workplace.  Wolfson found that male professionals felt little hesitation in making personal compliments to female co-workers, especially as jokes.  These "sexist compliments" are more frequent when the woman is the subordinate position (i.e. male boss to female secretary).  However, they found no occurrences of male subordinates being spoken to in this way, either from female or male superiors.

Compliment responses
Complimentary responses are governed by two contradictory conditions that must be met simultaneously, according to Pomerantz (1978).
 Agree with the complimenter
 Avoid self-praise
While trying to meet one condition, the complimentee will inevitably conflict with the other.  Pomerantz divides American compliment responses into acceptances, agreements, rejections and disagreements.

Herbert (1986) discovered, in his analysis of 1,062 compliment responses, that not all Americans adhere to Pomerantz's conditions.  Speakers were "almost twice as likely to respond with some response other than acceptance."  Based on these findings Herbert questions whether native speakers of other varieties of English follow the same patterns.  He compares American English with English speakers in South Africa.  He found that there was a one-in-three chance of an acceptance response being used by an American speaker as opposed to a three-in-four chance of an acceptance response from a South African English speaker.  Herbert and Straight (1986) base the reasoning for this difference on the respective social systems of each group.  Americans tend to give more compliments in an attempt to establish solidarity; Americans then tend to refuse compliments they receive, stressing equality.  In the society of South African English speakers on the other hand, solidarity among status-equals is assumed.  They do not need to work to establish something that they already have, so it is easier for them to accept compliments given to them.

Just as there are differences of compliment responses among separate cultures, there are also differences among men and women within the same culture.  American women tend to give and receive more compliments than men do.  The idea that women's speech activity works much differently compared to that of men can be observed through compliment responses, as women often work at creating and reaffirming solidarity with compliment response strategies.  Wolfson found that elaborate responses to compliments among women occur between intimate, status-unequal, and status-equal acquaintances, and that a majority of elaborate responses occurred between status-equal women.

There are major differences in how men and women perceive compliments that are given by the other sex. Shotland and Craig (1988) concluded that both sexes can differentiate between friendly behavior and sexually based behavior but that men perceive situations more sexually than women. They hypothesize that this difference in perception is due to the difference between the thresholds of sexual intent of men and women.  Therefore, women misjudge interested behavior as friendly behavior because they have a high threshold of sexual intent. Men, on the other hand, misjudge friendly behavior as interested behavior because they have a low threshold for sexual intent. This difference in threshold levels affects the subject matter of compliments given between men and women as well as how they respond to the compliments given.

Cross-cultural overview of compliments
There is much variation regarding how compliments function and are performed in different societies. Compliments as an expression of approval is just one general description; however, as discussed above, how such politeness strategies are exhibited can vary according to the values of the society in which they are performed. The different notions of gender roles within a given society seems to have a bearing on both the frequency and style of compliments delivered in conversation.

American English
According to studies carried out by Manes and Wolfson, compliments in American culture are expressed quite frequently in conversation in attempt to achieve and maintain successful social relationships with others. Often for those whose first language is not American English, they find American English speakers rude or overbearing with giving compliments, particularly when coming from a society where humility is highly valued. Across society, men and women compliment each other freely and seemingly often about an array of topics and in various social contexts.

Spanish speakers
Many studies have looked at the use of piropos carried out by Spanish-speaking men to compliment a woman's physical beauty and attributes. Zena Moore concluded that to many American English speakers these speech acts are seen to be sexist and closely related to machismo.  Despite the negative perception among American English speakers, the term and its usage are widely recognized in Hispanic culture. There is no direct translation into English for the term, but an example of its use may be as explicit as commenting on a woman's sexual desirability, or may be poetic in nature, often focusing on a woman's eyes. Moore highlights that piropos are embedded in long cultural traditions and generally received with positivity by Hispanic women.

Turkish speakers
Studies of compliments in Turkish again draw attention to compliments as a politeness strategy that helps maintain social relations. A study by Arin Bayraktaraglu and Maria Sifianou described compliments in Turkish as formulaic and occurring mostly in friendly situations. Age and marital status seems to have a great bearing on compliments given. Men who are married and above 40 years old compliment women more on accomplishments and personal attributes, whereas young adult men compliment women more on appearance and physical attributes. The results of this study were consistent with Holmes's previous findings that women compliment and are complimented more, particularly on appearance, which accounted for 58 percent of the compliments women received.

Chinese speakers
Speakers of Chinese seem to have a very deflective approach to praise and compliments, and in comparison to American English speakers, may compliment one another in conversation less frequently. Chinese culture highly values the group over the individual, as well as modesty. As a means of reinforcing one's humility, Chinese speakers tend to respond to a compliment by rejecting it or lowering themselves by returning the compliment back to the original speaker. Wolfson (1984) noted that it is often inappropriate for a man to compliment a Chinese woman on her physical attributes, especially if they do not have a close relationship. A study by Gabriele Kasper found that over 80% of Chinese speaking women from her sample gave more explicit compliments and responses in comparison to less than half of the men.

Notes

Sociolinguistics


Jeffrey Michael Manship (born January 16, 1985) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Minnesota Twins, Colorado Rockies, Philadelphia Phillies, and Cleveland Indians. Manship has also played for the NC Dinos of the KBO League.

Career

Amateur
Manship was member of Team USA's 16-under and 18-under Youth and Junior National Teams, winning a gold medal in . At Ronald Reagan High School in San Antonio, he was an All-American with a 22–2 record and 0.65 earned run average his final two seasons ( and ) with four no-hitters (one perfect game), and a 7.9 strikeout-to-walk ratio. He was drafted by the Arizona Diamondbacks out of high school, but chose instead to attend Notre Dame. He missed his entire freshman season at Notre Dame following reconstructive elbow surgery on February 11, . In 2005, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was selected by the Twins in the 14th round of the 2006 MLB Draft.

Minnesota Twins

2006–2008
In Manship's first season of professional ball (), his combined effort for the Gulf Coast League Twins and Fort Myers Miracle was 22 strikeouts in 15 innings pitched with only two earned runs for a 1.20 ERA. He began the  season with the Beloit Snappers of the Midwest League, going 7–1 with a 1.51 ERA to earn a Midwest League All-Star nod, and a promotion back up to Minnesota's advanced A affiliate in Fort Myers.

Manship was again a member of the Miracle's roster for the start of the  season. After going 7–3 with a 2.86 ERA and 63 strikeouts to help the Miracle capture the Florida State League's first-half West Division title, he was again named to his league's All-Star team. Following the game, Manship was promoted the Twins' double A Eastern League affiliate, the New Britain Rock Cats. With the Rock Cats, Manship's record fell to 3–6 with a 4.46 ERA.

2009
Manship began the  season at New Britain, going 6–4, with a 4.28 ERA and 45 strikeouts in 13 starts, before being promoted to the triple A Rochester Red Wings on June 24. At Rochester, he went 4–2 with a 3.22 ERA and 30 strikeouts in eight starts. On August 12, 2009, Manship had his contract purchased by the Twins when left-handed pitcher Glen Perkins was placed on the disabled list with a shoulder strain. Manship was used in relief despite not having done so since college.  He finished the season appearing in 11 games, 5 of them starts. He did not make the Twins 2009 playoff roster.

2010
Manship began the  season with the Rochester Red Wings, posing a 2–2 record with a 3.48 ERA and 13 strikeouts in four April starts. He was called up to pitch for the Twins on May 1, starting in place of the unavailable Nick Blackburn, who was not with the team for family reasons. Manship did not figure in the decision, giving up two earned runs and striking out six in a 5–4 loss to the Cleveland Indians. Manship was optioned back to Rochester on May 4, to make room for the return of Blackburn. Manship played the majority of the season in AAA, appearing in only 13 games for the Twins.

2011
After starting the  season with the Twins, Manship was optioned to Triple-A Rochester on April 17 and was never called back up to the majors.

2012

Manship began the 2012 season with Rochester, going 4–1 with a 3.08 ERA in 12 games before being recalled to help with the bullpen on May 27, then finished the season strong back with Rochester after a rough time with the major league team. On October 24, 2012, the Twins announced that Manship had been removed from the team's 40 man roster.

Colorado Rockies
On November 23, 2012, just a month after being cut by Minnesota, Manship was signed by the Colorado Rockies. He made his 2013 major league debut on August 8 against the New York Mets. He threw five innings in a losing effort. He was outrighted off the roster on October 16, 2013.

Philadelphia Phillies
On December 5, 2013, Manship signed a minor-league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies that includes an invitation to spring training. He made the club's 2014 Opening Day roster after a strong exhibition season. Manship was designated for assignment on July 23, 2014. He elected free agency in October 2014.

Cleveland Indians
On December 24, 2014, Manship signed a minor-league contract with the Cleveland Indians.  He was promoted to the Indians' major league club on June 18, 2015. In his two seasons with the Indians, Manship enjoyed the best two seasons of his career, pitching in 85 games total for the Indians and registering an ERA of 2.07 while also appearing in 3 games for the Indians in the 2016 playoffs.

The Indians declined to tender Manship a contract for the 2017 season by the December 2, 2016 deadline, making him a free agent.

NC Dinos
On January 21, 2017, Manship signed with the NC Dinos of the KBO League.

Cincinnati Reds
On February 6, 2018, Manship signed a minor league deal with the Cincinnati Reds. The contract was voided on February 15, after Manship failed his physical.

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Baseball players from San Antonio
Major League Baseball pitchers
Minnesota Twins players
Colorado Rockies players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Cleveland Indians players
Notre Dame Fighting Irish baseball players
Cotuit Kettleers players
Gulf Coast Twins players
Beloit Snappers players
Fort Myers Miracle players
Phoenix Desert Dogs players
New Britain Rock Cats players
Rochester Red Wings players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Florida Complex League Phillies players
Lehigh Valley IronPigs players
Columbus Clippers players
KBO League pitchers
American expatriate baseball players in South Korea
NC Dinos players


Tim White-Sobieski is a video and installation artist based in New York and Berlin. He was educated as an architect and dedicated himself to visual art and filmmaking, exploring the fields of painting, sculpture, photography, video, video installations and light installations throughout his career. He began showing in New York in the early 1990s with his "Blue Paintings." Emphasis on the role of the subconscious in his paintings had affinities with visual abstractionism and literary existentialism.

He has consistently been at the technological forefront of video and light art, being called a "video maverick" and "an abstract "'painter of motion.'"

Life and career

Tim White-Sobieski was born in Warsaw, Poland in 1961 and emigrated to the United States in the early 1990s. He attended New York University and Parsons School of Design before embarking on a career in art.

Analysis of work

Much of his work draws from literary work that has inspired the artist, and he has often featured icons of American literature in his installations. Writers such as Walt Whitman, John Steinbeck, John Updike, Kurt Vonnegut, J.D. Salinger, William Faulkner, and Robert Penn Warren all have a permanent presence in Tim White-Sobieski’s oeuvre.

Music and sound in the projects

Musically, White-Sobieski composes most of his own film and video soundtracks, but also incorporates the work of his contemporaries such as Brian Eno, David Byrne, Robert Fripp, Pierre Schaeffer, Pierre Boulez, and Steve Reich, as well as classical masters such as Purcell, Pergolesi, and Bach.

Important art commissions

White-Sobieski has been commissioned by LVMH multiple times, and in 2005, was invited to create an artwork for the new Louis Vuitton Flagship Store on Champs-Elysses in Paris alongside artists James Turrell and Olafur Eliasson. The project consisted of a 24-meter programmed fiber-optics video wall. Another colossal video wall was installed at the Petit Palais for the celebration of the launch. This was a unique cooperation of the three artists. In 2006, the Louis Vuitton Company invited Tim White-Sobieski back to participate in an exhibition entitled "Icons", an interpretation of the iconic logo-bags. Other artists included Marc Jacobs, Zaha Hadid, Ugo Rondinone, Sylvie Fleury, Shigeru Ban, Robert Wilson and Andrée Putman.

In 2008, White-Sobieski created and engineered the video installation Water and Earth for a video wall with 144 synchronized vertical LCD monitors for Gimpo (Kimpo) Airport in Seoul, Korea. The artist continued developing new methods of controlling video with the purpose of integrating a moving image within architectural interiors and displaying it on any shapes, forms and materials.

Collections

The artist’s inventory of video works currently enlists more than 60 titles, with multi-channel synchronized video installations and stand-alone single theatrical presentations. His video, photography, painting, sculpture, and installation work belongs to the collections of Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, Spain; CGAC Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Denver Art Museum, Domus Artium 2002, Salamanca, Spain; Elgiz Museum of Contemporary Art, Istanbul, Turkey; Museo de Bellas Artes, Santander, Spain; Aena Foundation - FUNDACIÓN AENA, Madrid, Spain; Stiftung kunst:raum Sylt Quelle, Germany; Nomas Foundation, Rome, Italy; and Kunstverein Wiesbaden, Germany.

Works

Video installations

Moving Paintings/Moving Drawings (1993–present)

Moving Paintings and Moving Drawings projects were a series of experiments in image animation which were based partially on Lingo scripting language that was used in Macromedia applications. Concomitant with his animation work, the artist became especially interested in the musical architecture of silence of John Cage and in response to Cage's objective to look through sounds and not at them, White-Sobieski created his infinite animations of paintings and drawings as complements to an artwork. White-Sobieski wrote the scripts for programming infinite ways of controlling behavior of shapes, colors and image parameters in a video frame (and in a digital image if not video). The influence of contemporary experimental music has continued to have a great effect White-Sobieski’s work, and composers like Pierre Schaeffer, Pierre Boulez, Steve Reich, Brian Eno, David Byrne, and Robert Fripp have all appeared in his later projects.

One of the most successful experiments in combining Moving Paintings animation principles with real-time video editing/rendering technique was the project "I Repeat Myself When Under Stress," 1999, exhibited in New York, Chicago and Turin. Later, the same methods were developed in hand-rendered films from the  project. Almost each video frame of the series was hand-drawn, and, when assembled, created semi-abstract moving compositions. These projects were critically acclaimed at the Prague Biennale (2003), Lyon Biennale (2003), and Bucharest Biennale (2004).

Time of Adolescence Series (1998–2006)

Confession (2000–2002), Before They Were Beatles (2004) and Sweet Dreams (2002) developed the subjects of genetic memory and the theme of war. The videos aim to assert the postulation that "memory is perhaps genetically transferred from generation to generation." Confession had a multi-channel narrative sequence and examined migrant literary characters which also appeared in Closer to Fall, Awakening, Route 17N, and The Sound and the Fury.

In 2007, Tim White completed a series of large scale photographs and a video titled Awakening and in 2008, as an expansion on the same theme, Route 17 North. The series’ near-repetition rhythm reveals an image of an American youth at the beginning of the 21st century, in the world of post-modern simulacra. Both of the videos and photographic series demonstrate the influence of American literature on the artist. A short (20 min) multi-channel film The Sound and the Fury followed in 2009, named after the first part of Faulkner’s novel. The first version of the film was shown in Barcelona as Seventh Heaven (based on the subtitle of the literary work, April Seventh, 1928). The work exhibited in the US was received as "astounding."

Terminal Series (2000–2005)

The Terminal Series consists of a series of videos Terminal by Day (I), Terminal at Night (II), Terminal Dream (III), On the Wing (IV), and Terminal Heart (V)). Terminal (I) originated immediately after the events of September 11 in New York City. The artist's studio was located directly across the street from the WTC and he barely got out in time to escape. The loss of much of his artwork and the possible loss of life had a fundamental impact on his creativity and artistic vision, spawning the Terminal Series.

Between 2004 and 2006, Tim White-Sobieski created several abstract-figurative video compositions: New York City Suite, Vertigo, and Desire among them. The artist continued working in the direction of music-visual synthesis, developing new methods and algorithms to generate color, rhythm and animations based on sound parameters, further developing ideas that were explored in the Moving Paintings projects, using complementing soundtracks by Brian Eno, Robert Fripp's "frippertronics," and experiments of John Cage.

Deconstructed Cities (2005–2014)

Between 2005-2014, White-Sobieski created a series of films and images of deconstructed cityscapes, eliminating distinctions between design, painting, photography and architecture (New York City Suite (2005), Deconstructed Cities (2007), London, (2007), Katrina, (2008), and Deconstructed Reality(2009)).  The first city-related photo-video project, New York City Suite, was shown in galleries and museums in 2006, as well as ArtMiami 2007. There, the artist not only explored the structures of New York's landscape, the face of the city, in concrete, steel, and glass, but he also offered a psychological portrait of New York City residents he saw in the streets, neither friends nor important personae. Based on images of many metropolitan cities of the world, Deconstructed Reality followed. This project is ongoing and ultimately planned to include images of many global metropolises such as Paris, Madrid, Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Tokyo.

The videos Vertigo (2005) and New York City Suite were created based on similar principles of compositions as in the previous "moving drawings" projects, where the final rendered video composition was digitally assembled from hundreds of video clips and images from the artist's data bank. The projects were subsequently shown at the Contemporary Art Museum Malaga, ARTIUM Centro-Museo Vasco de Arte Contemporáneo, included in the exhibition "En torno a lo Transparente" in coincidence with ARCO Madrid, International Contemporary Art Fair, and the LABoral Centro de Arte y Creación Industrial, Gijón, Spain.

Nebulas And My Other Galaxies (2008–2011)

Nebulas And My Other Galaxies includes Lighthouse, Cold Forest, Garden of Stones and Light Fiction; Nebulae and Light Circles were shown in Spain, Germany, Austria, England, and Scandinavia; Light Fiction made its US debut at the Kunsthalle Detroit. These installations are composed of LED-based, computer coded infinite light animations of various colors, creating pulsating, glowing nebulas that elicit a feeling of dreaming. In addition, the fiber-optic light projects Lighthouse and Cold Forest incorporated stainless steel compositions and photography, the latter of which was most recently displayed at PalmaPhoto. The projects Light Circles (2008) and Garden of Stones (2009) were based on Seamless Multi-Channel HD Video technology (© Tim White-Sobieski). "Using different light sources (LED, fiber-optics, and video projection) creates a unique visual environment where mandalas are all synchronized and unified by a single soundtrack." Both installations incorporate 16-channel video projections, high-definition synchronized video source, aluminum and stainless steel sculptures, LED-fiber-optics light objects, and light program synchronized with video.

Current

Tim White-Sobieski has just finished production on Waiting For Godot – Waiting For God (2014), a full-length feature film and photography project in homage to Samuel Beckett. The project was re-rendered as a 4-channel synchronized video installation for a museum exhibition with soundtrack by the artist and music by Henry Purcell and Giovanni Battista Pergolesi. One Hundred Years of Solitude (Cien años de soledad) after the novel by Gabriel García Márquez is currently in production and is intended to be presented as a series of 12 short films. Exhibitions and art fairs include: Frieze London, FIAC Paris, and 2015 Docks Art Fair, Lyon.

Exhibitions

Museum exhibitions

Tim White-Sobieski has had major solo shows in Vejle Kunstmuseum, Vejle, Denmark; CAC Centro de Arte Contemporáneo Malága, Spain; Museo Centro de Arte de Salamanca, Domus Artium Spain. Additionally, he has been exhibited at Academy of Arts, Berlin, (Akademie der Künste), Germany; Palais de Tokyo, Paris, France; Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, Germany; Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, Spain; Stenersen Museum, Oslo, Norway; Prague National Gallery, Prague, Czech Republic; and the National Museum of Contemporary Art (Romania) (MNAC), Bucharest.

Exhibition spaces
 Almagro Space for Contemporary Art
 Basque Centre-Museum of Contemporary Art
 Museum Domus Artium 2002, Salamanca, Spain
 Kunst Raum Sylt Quelle
 Malága Center for Contemporary Art
 Nassauischer Kunstverein Wiesbaden
 Vejle Museum of Art, Vejle, Denmark
 Wilhelm Hack Museum, Ludwigshafen, Germany

Collections

Tim White-Sobieski's work belongs to the collections of Aena Foundation (FUNDACIÓN AENA), Madrid, Spain; CITI Bank Collection, New York, New York; Collection of Academy of Arts, Berlin (Akademie der Künste), Germany; La Fundación Luis Seoane, A Coruña, Spain; Collezione Foundation LA GAIA, Busca, Italy; Denver Art Museum (DAM), Denver, CO; Fundación Rac (Rosón Arte Contemporáneo, Pontevedra, Spain; ING Art Collection, (Brussels, Amsterdam, London, New York); L’Oreal Collection, Paris, France; Louis Vuitton Foundation, Paris, France; Museo de Bellas Artes de Santander, SANTANDER, Spain; Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (MNCARS), Madrid, Spain; Centro Galego de Arte Contemporanea, Museum of Contemporary Art CGAC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Museum of Contemporary Art Elgiz, Istanbul, Turkey; Museum of Contemporary Art GAM, Torino, Italy; Museum of Contemporary Photography (MoCP), Chicago, IL, USA; New York Public Library Print Collection, New York, New York; The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs, New York, New York; and the UBS collection of Contemporary Art, Basel, Switzerland.

See also
 Experimental film
 List of video artists
 Music visualization
 New media art
 Video installation art
 Visual Music
 Video sculpture

References

Further reading
Bibliography:
 Decter, Joshua. Tim White-Sobieski: PRESENCE. Alexandre de Folin Gallery, New York, 1998 ASIN B007IMOOHS
 Henry, Gerrit. Tim White-Sobieski: GOD BLESS AMERICA. Alexandre de Folin Gallery, New York, Published by SAVVA Inc., 1999
 Bernbach, Sarah. 2000 Años Luz. Catálogo Galeria Leyendecker, Spain. Instituto Oscar Domingez Art Contemporaneo. Espacio Cultural El Tanque, Centro de Arte La Recova, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain, 2000. [ASIN: B013RQB3OU]
 Breidenbach, Tom and Henry, Max. Tim White-Sobieski: CONFESSION. Alexandre de Folin Gallery, New York, Published by SAVVA Inc., 2001.
 White-Sobieski, Tim: TERMINAL. Museo de Bellas Artes Santander; Santander, 2003
 White-Sobieski, Tim: TERMINAL. Galeria Pilar Parra, Madrid, 2003.
 Ambur, Ole Herman; Jack Helgesen; Emilie Magnus; Ulf Rokkan. FOR ALLE. Vestfossen Kunstlaboratorium, Vestfossen, Norway, 2003.
 Alfonso, Albano, Miguel Fernández-Cid and Heinrich Böll. Traces of Light. Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea, Santiago de Compostela, 2003.
 Barragan, Paco, Mari Bartomeu, Miguel Angel Garcia-Juez. The Art to Come. Actar/Subastas Siglo XXI. 2003.
 Castro, Fernando, Nuria Fernandes, Fernando Martin Galan. FRAGILES. Espacio Liquido Gallery, Gijon, Asturias, Spain. 2003
 Hazout-Dreyfus, Laurence. Digital Video Art – Kinematics: New Languages exhibition catalogue. AFAA, Ministere des Afaires Etrangeres, Paris. 2003.
 PHE03 : PhotoEspaña2003, VI Festival de Fotografía, Madrid, 2003.
 Barragán, Paco, Julián Zugazagoitia, Javier Panera, Coco Fusco and Roselee Goldberg El Museo del Barrio, New York; Salamanca, 2004.
 Barragán, Paco. Arquitecturas Urbanas: Fondos de la Colección Paco Barragán de fotografía contemporánea (2000-2003) Centro Municipal de las Artes de Alcorcón, Madrid; Centro Nacional de Fotografía Torrelavega, Santander, Spain, 2004
 Cargioli, Simonetta and Sandra Lischi. Invideo 2004: stati liquidi : video d'arte e cinema oltre [mostra internazionale di video d'arte e cinema oltre, XIV edizione] International Exhibition of Video Art and Cinema Beyond Lingua. AIACE, Milan. 2004.
 Vust, Michel, Alessia Fondrini, Carine Bernasconi. 57. festival internazionale del film Locarno. Official Catalogue. Festival International du Film Locarno, Locarno. 2004
 White-Sobieski, Tim, Panera Cuevas, Francisco Javier and Alison Nordström. TIM WHITE: VIDEO AND PHOTOGRAPHY. Fundación Salamanca Ciudad de Cultura, Salamanca, 2004.
 Barro, David. Sky Shout: a pintura despois da pintura. Auditorio de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, 2005.
 Jung, Katharina Klara and Anja & Andreas Greulich. REWIND <<. Nassauischer Kunstverein Wiesbaden, Germany. 2005.
 Panera, Javier, Paco Barragán and Omar Pascual. Barrocos y Neobarrocos: el Infierno de lo Bello. Fundacion Salamanca Ciudad de Cultura, Salamanca, 2005.
 White-Sobieski, Tim. AWAKENING. Salamir Creación y Arte, Madrid, 2006.
 Lehmann, Ulrike and Isabel Wünsche. Floating Forms. Kerber Verlag Berlin, 2006.
 Gerschel, Stephane and Marc Jacobs. Louis Vuitton: ICONS. Assouline, New York, 2007.
 White-Sobieski, Tim. Tim White-Sobieski. Phoenix Kulturstifung/Sammlung, Hamburg. 2007.
 Schultz, Sarah. Happening. Birkhäuser Architecture, 2007.
 Brummer, Sabine and John Pultz. Tim White-Sobieski: AWAKENING. Michael Schultz GmbH & Co.KG, Berlin, 2007.
 Zybok, Oliver, Harald Falckenberg, Peter Gerlach, and Martje Schulz, IDYLL: ILLUSION and DELUSION. Hatje Cantz, Berlin, 2007.
 Barragán, Paco, Michele Robecchi and Amanda Coulson. The Art Fair Age. Charta. 2008.
 Bonet, Juan Manuel and Alfonso de la Torre. EN TORNO A LO TRANSPARENTE. Galería Miguel Marcos, Madrid, 2008.
 Crawford, Holly. Artistic Bedfellows: Histories, Theories and Conversations in Collaborative Art Practices, 2008. ASIN B0025VKOPI
 Gasparina, Jill, Glenn O'Brien, Taro Igarashi, Ian Luna, Valerie Steele. Louis Vuitton: Art, Fashion and Architecture. Rizzoli, 2009.
 Cuevas, F. Javier Panera, Michele Robecchi, Selene Wendt, Paco Barragàn. When a Painting Moves... Something Must Be Rotten! Charta/The Stenersen Museum, Oslo, 2011.
 Buskirk, Martha. Creative Enterprise: Contemporary Art between Museum and Marketplace. Bloomsbury Academic. 2012.

External links
 Tim White-Sobieski's Official Website
 Biography from Editioned Art Magazine
 Exhibition History

Biennials
 Bucharest Biennale
 Lyon Biennale
 Ostsee Biennale 2008
 Prague Biennale

American installation artists
American video artists
American contemporary painters
Contemporary sculptors
American conceptual artists
American digital artists
Experimental composers
American multimedia artists
New media artists
American photographers
American sound artists
American lighting designers
Living people
American lithographers
20th-century American printmakers
1961 births
20th-century lithographers


Sturisoma caquetae is a species of armored catfish of the family Loricariidae endemic to Colombia where it occurs in the Caquetá River basin. The species grows to a length of .

References

Harttiini
Catfish of South America
Freshwater fish of Colombia
Endemic fauna of Colombia
Taxa named by Henry Weed Fowler
Fish described in 1945


Sturisomatichthys citurensis is a species of armored catfish of the family Loricariidae endemic to Panama where it occurs in the Tuira and Bayano River basins. This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

Harttiini
Fish of Central America
Fish of Panama
Taxa named by Seth Eugene Meek
Taxa named by Samuel Frederick Hildebrand
Fish described in 1913


Sturisomatichthys leightoni is a species of armored catfish of the family Loricariidae endemic to Colombia, where it occurs in the upper Magdalena and Cauca River basins.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

Mark
The Sturisomatichthys leightoni is about 14 to 18 cm long. Its upper caudal fin is longer than its lower caudal fin. Both of them are elongated and peaked.

Sex differences
The male Sturisomatichthys leightoni is shorter than the female one and has a short beard (1–2 mm).

Reproduction
The female lays about 40 eggs. The male fans fresh water on top of the eggs until the babies hatch. This takes about 6–7 days.

Etymology
The catfish is named in honor of Sir Bryan Leighton (1868-1919), who presented the type specimen to the British Museum.

References

The German Wikipedia page about the Sturisomatichthys leightoni  :https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwergst%C3%B6rwels 17.09.19

Harttiini
Endemic fauna of Colombia
Freshwater fish of Colombia
Fish of the Andes
Magdalena River
Taxa named by Charles Tate Regan
Fish described in 1912


Sturisomatichthys tamanae is a species of armored catfish of the family Loricariidae endemic to Colombia where it occurs in the San Juan River basin.  This species grows to a length of  TL.

References

Harttiini
Fish of South America
Freshwater fish of Colombia
Taxa named by Charles Tate Regan
Fish described in 1912


Wayne "Baldy" Fox (born 4 January 1959) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for various clubs in the Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) and later, the TFL Statewide League. He also played with Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

A forward, Fox was the all-time record Tasmanian Football League goal-kicker with 1049 goals and started his career at Glenorchy in 1975, before crossing to New Norfolk in 1981.

He was most prolific when playing at New Norfolk, where he topped the TANFL/TFL Statewide league goal-kicking in four successive years from 1983 to 1986. The best of those tallies, 135 goals, came in 1983, and the previous season he was a member of New Norfolk's premiership team.

He crossed to Hobart in 1986 where he also had four fine seasons and also topped the league's goal-kicking in 1986. 1987 and 1988, becoming the Hobart Football Club's only centurion goal-kicker in its history in 1986 and 1988.

Fox booted 97 goals in the 1989 season, including six in the Tigers grand final loss to North Hobart to leave him an agonising three goals short of the ton.

After a dispute with Hobart captain-coach Mark Browning over the summer, Fox walked out on Hobart and joined then bottom club South Launceston for the 1990 season.

A brief foray that only lasted until mid-season before he returned South again and signed up with the Sandy Bay Football Club where he played until his retirement from TFL football in 1991.

Fox brought up his 1000th TFL goal at KGV Football Park on 18 August 1990, in the TFL Statewide League Round 20 clash while playing for Sandy Bay in their 67-point victory over his former club, Glenorchy.

His brief foray into VFL football only yielded one match, with an appearance in the backline for Footscray in the eighth round of the 1978 VFL season at Western Oval, in a four-point loss to Collingwood.

After retirement from TFL football, Fox played in the Huon Football Association, with Huonville, Kingston (Kingborough) and Franklin. His final season of football was for Southern Football League club Claremont, which was coached by his brother Graham in 1998. Fox's final match was against his former club Hobart, at the TCA Ground in front of just 165 spectators. A four-goal tally helped his side to victory and brought an end to a 24-year senior career which spanned 10 clubs.

Fox was inducted into the Tasmanian Football Hall of Fame in 2007. He kicked a TFL/TANFL record of 1049 goals, having passed Peter Hudson's tally of 994 goals late in his career. In addition, Fox also kicked 85 goals in interstate matches for Tasmania and 19 goals when representing the TANFL against the NWFU.

References

Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

1959 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers from Tasmania
Western Bulldogs players
Glenorchy Football Club players
Hobart Football Club players
New Norfolk Football Club players
Sandy Bay Football Club players
South Launceston Football Club players
Kingborough Football Club players
Tasmanian Football Hall of Fame inductees


The 2009 PBA Fiesta Conference Finals was the best-of-7 championship series of the 2009 PBA Fiesta Conference and the conclusion of the conference's playoffs. The series was a best-of-seven affair and was the 97th championship disputed in the league. The teams competing are first-seed San Miguel Beermen and the second-seed defending champions Barangay Ginebra Kings, two of the three San Miguel Corporation-owned teams.

This was the fourth time the two teams meet in the finals, with San Miguel winning their first two meetings (1989 Reinforced Conference and the 2001 All Filipino Cup). Barangay Ginebra won their latest finals meeting on the conclusion of the 2006–07 PBA Philippine Cup.

This was also the first time in PBA history that a champion of the previous year's Fiesta Conference was able to enter the finals to defend their crown.

After a full 7-game series, San Miguel held off Ginebra in game 7 with an emphatic 90–79 win, with Jonas Villanueva awarded as the Finals MVP.

Background

Road to the finals

Series summary

Game 1

Game 2

With just a few seconds before the game ended, and with a San Miguel win certain, San Miguel players Danny Ildefonso and Marc Pingris were involved with an altercation with a Ginebra fan. Both men were suspended for one game and were fined P30,000 and P10,000 respectively.

Game 3

The Kings, after falling behind by 12 points, outscored the Beermen by 11 points in the third quarter and another 15 points in the final quarter to have a come-from-behind victory to take the series lead. Noel had a triple double and had key plays during the decisive Ginebra run.

Game 4

A close game all-throughout with as many as 18 deadlocks in between, Freeman converted a three-point play to increase San Miguel's lead to five; SMB led by as much as 8 in the final two minutes when Ginebra had another run. Eric Menk and Chico Lanete scored to cut the lead to two. Noel tied the ballgame after shooting two free throws off a foul from San Miguel, but Freeman scored on a put-back off Mike Cortez's miss. With less than 30 seconds left, Freeman fouled Noel beyond the three-point line on the act of shooting; Noel missed all of this free-throws, and San Miguel hung on to tie the series 2–2.

Game 5

The fifth game of the series was rescheduled to July 13 since the Araneta Coliseum was not available due to a WWE event on July 10 and a UAAP doubleheader on July 12.

Game 6

Game 7

Rosters

Broadcast notes
The finals is the second championship series of  The PBA on C/S.

References

External links
PBA official website

2009
2008–09 PBA season
San Miguel Beermen games
Barangay Ginebra San Miguel games
PBA Fiesta Conference Finals


Isbrueckerichthys alipionis is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the Ribeira de Iguape River basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

The fish's name was derived from Brazilian ichthyologist-herpetologist Alipio de Miranda Ribeiro (1874-1939).

References

Neoplecostominae
Catfish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Taxa named by William Alonzo Gosline III
Fish described in 1947


Isbrueckerichthys calvus is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the Tibagi River basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

Neoplecostominae
Catfish of South America
Freshwater fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Fish described in 2006


Isbrueckerichthys duseni is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the Ribeira de Iguape River basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

The fish is named in honor of Karl Hjalmar Dusén (1855-1926) a Swedish botanist and explorer, who collected the type specimen.

References

Neoplecostominae
Taxa named by Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro
Catfish of South America
Freshwater fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Fish described in 1907


Isbrueckerichthys epakmos is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

Neoplecostominae
Catfish of South America
Freshwater fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Fish described in 2003


Isbrueckerichthys saxicola is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil, where it is found in the Tibagi River basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

Neoplecostominae
Catfish of South America
Freshwater fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Fish described in 2006


Evelyne Schneider (married name: Rossoukhi; born 23 February 1950 in Waidhofen an der Ybbs, Lower Austria) is an Austrian former pair skater. With partner Wilhelm Bietak, she represented Austria at the 1968 Winter Olympics, where they placed 15th.

Competitive highlights

With Bietak

With Dedovich

References

Navigation

1950 births
Living people
People from Waidhofen an der Ybbs
Austrian female pair skaters
Olympic figure skaters for Austria
Figure skaters at the 1968 Winter Olympics
Universiade medalists in figure skating
Universiade bronze medalists for Austria
Competitors at the 1970 Winter Universiade
Sportspeople from Lower Austria


Tanga Moreau is a Belgian model.  She has appeared on the cover of Vogue Paris and in the 1998 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue.  She has done extensive print and runway work for many leading fashion companies, especially in the late 1990s.

Notes

External links

Belgian female models
Living people
Models from Brussels
Year of birth missing (living people)


Kronichthys heylandi is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in coastal streams between Santos and Rio de Janeiro.  This species grows to a length of  TL.

The fish is named in honor of civil engineer Herbert K. Heyland (1849-1944), who collected the type specimen and presented the specimen to the British Museum to be described.

References

Neoplecostominae
Catfish of South America
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Freshwater fish of Brazil
Environment of Rio de Janeiro (state)
Environment of São Paulo (state)
Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger
Fish described in 1900


Kronichthys lacerta is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the Baia de Paranaguá and Ribeira de Iguape River basins.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

Neoplecostominae
Taxa named by John Treadwell Nichols
Catfish of South America
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Freshwater fish of Brazil
Environment of Paraná (state)
Environment of São Paulo (state)
Fish described in 1919


Kronichthys subteres is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the Ribeira de Iguape River basin.  This species grows to a length of  TL.

K. subteres inhabits streams with rocky and sandy bottom. This species forages both during the day and at night, grazing on microscopic algae, mostly diatoms and green algae growing on rocks and submersed vegetation. They occasionally take chironomid and simuliid larvae, as well as tiny crustaceans. Before grazing on a patch with dense sediment, the fish makes wiggling head-down movements which raise sediment, which is blown away by the water current. When grazing algae off the substrate, the fish makes vigorous mouth movements, and moves by jerky movements probably related to its mouth making alternate grazing and attaching to the substrate. K. subteres leaves conspicuous grazing marks on exposed rocks. These fish may re-graze a given spot by moving backwards.

References

Neoplecostominae
Catfish of South America
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Freshwater fish of Brazil
Environment of Paraná (state)
Environment of São Paulo (state)
Taxa named by Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro
Fish described in 1908


Two oil paintings depicting the then-Taoiseach Brian Cowen in the nude were briefly displayed in Dublin art galleries in March 2009. The response of the media, politicians and the Garda Síochána (Irish police force) led to a sustained controversy referred to by some as Portraitgate.

Portraits
The artist, initially unidentified, was eventually revealed to be Conor Casby, a school teacher in his thirties from Claremorris, County Mayo. The first portrait was surreptitiously hung in the National Gallery of Ireland on 7 March 2009. Casby is said to have entered the National Gallery carrying a shoulder bag, and located a free space for his portrait and its caption among other portraits of prominent Irish people such as Michael Collins, W. B. Yeats, and Bono. Casby then left the building unnoticed by security. It was reported as having read: Brian Cowen, Politician 1960–2008. This portrait, acquired uncommissioned by the National Gallery, celebrates one of the finest politicians produced by Ireland since the foundation of the state. Following a spell at the helm of the Department of Finance during a period of unprecedented prosperity, Brian Cowen inherited the office of Taoiseach in 2008. Balancing a public image that ranges from fantastically intelligent analytical thinker to Big Ignorant Fucker from Offaly, the Taoiseach proves to be a challenging subject to represent.

The National Gallery called gardaí after it discovered the unauthorised painting. It has claimed that it had been hanging in public view for no more than twenty minutes before it was removed, contradicting the Sunday Tribune'''s claim that it hung for over an hour.

The following day, 8 March, Casby hung a second painting of Cowen in the Royal Hibernian Academy (RHA). A woman attempted to buy the RHA portrait before it was removed.

Both paintings depict Cowen from the waist up, wearing only his glasses. In the RHA painting, he is holding a pair of blue and white underpants in his left hand. In the other, he is clutching a toilet roll.

Media reportsSunday Tribune reporter Ken Foxe was contacted by a source at the National Gallery on 9 March and was the first to break the story of Cowen's portraits. Subsequently, "Topsy Campbell" (a pseudonym for Casby) sent camera phone photographs of the paintings on display. The incidents were first reported in the Tribune of 22 March.

RTÉ
On 23 March, state broadcaster RTÉ ran a report on the hangings at the end of the Nine O'Clock News. The report by Tadhg Enright displayed the paintings, obtained an appraisal (of zero) from an art expert, and mentioned that Cowen was "not thought to have posed for the anonymous artist". The report was not used on subsequent newscasts. On 24 March, the Nine O'Clock News included an apology "for any personal offence caused to Mr Cowen or his family or for any disrespect shown to the office of Taoiseach by [the prior] broadcast." The original item was removed from the online archives at RTÉ.ie, and the apology added.

Today FM
On 24 March, The Ray D'Arcy Show on commercial radio station Today FM, covered the story. Producer Will Hanafin revealed that a friend of the artist had e-mailed photographs of a similarly styled painting to him in January, a caricature of the Taoiseach urinating in a full frontal nude pose. This painting has not been displayed publicly. A Garda detective visited the station requesting the emails. The Garda was said to have been "sheepish and apologetic" about the visit but indicated that he had received an order from "on high" to initiate an investigation. Hanafin refused to comply with the Garda request and, being told that a search warrant would be sought, labelled the entire affair as "crazy".

Abroad
The incident was covered by foreign newspapers, including The Times of London. It was also covered in Canada.

Online
Blogs and social network services such as Twitter were reported to be popular outlets for members of the general public to express their dissatisfaction at the attempted censorship and apology of RTÉ. A YouTube video of the original RTÉ news report had received more than three thousand views within twenty-four hours. The affair was nicknamed "Picturegate" and "Cowengate" in online discussions.

Garda investigation
The Garda investigation was said to have taken six hours. The possible crimes were offending decency, incitement to hatred, and criminal damage for nailing the painting to the wall (though it has also been reported that paintings were hung without the use of nails). Investigators telephoned Casby and he entered Pearse Street Garda Station where he was interviewed for two hours, admitted to having hung the two paintings and was subsequently released. He gave gardaí five more portraits of other politicians, including Michael McDowell. A file was prepared for the Director of Public Prosecutions, but it was expected that no charges would be brought. Casby expressed his desire to "draw an end" to the matter by auctioning the paintings for charity.

Political reaction
The incidents attracted comment from politicians.

The RTÉ News report was criticised as being in bad taste by Fianna Fáil Senators Maria Corrigan and Mary O'Rourke and TDs M. J. Nolan and Michael Kennedy. Fine Gael TD Michael W. D'Arcy called it the "most distasteful report I have seen on RTÉ in years". Kennedy urged consideration for the feelings of Cowen's wife and children, and called on Director-General of RTÉ Cathal Goan to resign, but did not advocate charging the artist.

Some suggested the government had put pressure on RTÉ to withdraw the report and apologise, or on Today FM to co-operate with the Garda. The station received several complaints that the report was in bad taste, including one from the government press secretary, Eoghan Ó Neachtain, who claimed he was acting on his own initiative. Fine Gael's Enda Kenny and Charles Flanagan called it a restriction on freedom of expression.

Liz McManus of the Labour Party criticised RTÉ for "bow[ing] to political pressure". RTÉ claimed the decision to withdraw the report was taken by RTÉ executives, and that Ó Neachtain's complaint was received after the late-night News on Two had already been broadcast without the report.

Some criticised the Garda investigation as a waste of resources. Fine Gael's Frances FitzGerald said it was "over the top"; Rónán Mullen defended it as appropriate. Labour's Joan Burton said "While I sympathise with the Taoiseach and his family, the public has noticed that it took gardaí six months to go into the Anglo Irish Bank."

Legacy
The incidents are referred to in the 2009 episode of Reeling in the Years.

In 2011, it was reported that both paintings were on display in Sean Mac D's pub in Dublin.

See also
 List of places where social nudity is practised

References

External links
 The two paintings (JPEGs from the Sunday Tribune'' article):
 National Gallery painting
 RHA painting
 RTÉ.ie's withdrawal of the portraits: Altered captions Removal
 RTÉ.ie's report which fuelled the controversy link)
 RTÉ's television apology to the Taoiseach
 Video of Vincent Browne's discussion on TV3 – 25 March 2009

2009 controversies
2009 in Irish politics
2009 in Irish television
2009 in radio
2009 paintings
Nude
Caricature
Censorship in the Republic of Ireland
Controversies in Ireland
Obscenity controversies in painting
Clothing-free events
Cultural depictions of Taoisigh
Culture jamming
Nude art
Nudity and protest
Irish political satire
Political scandals in the Republic of Ireland
RTÉ controversies
The Ray D'Arcy Show
Portraits of politicians


Neoplecostomus corumba is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

corumba
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Taxa named by Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki
Taxa named by Carla Simone Pavanelli
Taxa named by Francisco Langeani-Neto
Fish described in 2008


Neoplecostomus espiritosantensis is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it is found on the eastern slope of the Serra do Mar in the Jacu and São Lourenço Rivers.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

espiritosantensis
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Taxa named by Francisco Langeani-Neto
Fish described in 1990


Neoplecostomus franciscoensis is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it is found in the headwaters of the Das Velhas and Paraopeba River basins.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

franciscoensis
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Taxa named by Francisco Langeani-Neto
Fish described in 1990


Neoplecostomus granosus is a species of South American armored catfish where it is possibly found in Brazil.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

granosus
Fish of South America
Taxa named by Achille Valenciennes
Fish described in 1840


Neoplecostomus microps is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the Paraíba do Sul River basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

microps
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Taxa named by Franz Steindachner
Fish described in 1877


Neoplecostomus paranensis is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it is found in the upper Paraná River basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

paranensis
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Taxa named by Francisco Langeani-Neto
Fish described in 1990


Michael Kurtz may refer to:

 Michael L. Kurtz (born 1941), Southeastern Louisiana University historian
 Michael J. Kurtz, astrophysicist
 Mike Kurtz (1845–1904), American burglar and gang leader
 Michael Kurtz, co-founder of Record Store Day


City of Detroit III, often referred to as just D-III, was a sidewheel steamer on the Detroit River and Lake Erie. She was one of the largest sidewheelers on the Great Lakes.

History
City of Detroit III was built by the Detroit Shipbuilding Company in Wyandotte, Michigan and was designed by Frank E. Kirby.  The interior decorations were designed by painter and architect Louis O. Keil, who collaborated with Kirby on many projects. It was owned by the Detroit and Cleveland Navigation Company (D&C) and was launched on October 7, 1911. When she was launched City of Detroit III was the largest sidewheeler in the world. The next year the slightly larger  length overall Seeandbee, another Kirby designed ship, was launched for the Cleveland & Buffalo Transit Company (C&B). City of Detroit III traveled regularly between Detroit, Michigan, Cleveland, Ohio and Buffalo, New York.

The "Gothic Room"

City of Detroit III cost $1,500,000 to build ($ in  dollars) and was ornately furnished. Forty percent of the steamer's width was situated over the wheels, allowing room for many amenities like salons, a palm court and a winery to be built into the vessel. One of the rooms was an opulent smoking room called the "Gothic Room", named for its Gothic design. It was built from English oak and included a stained glass window.

End of service
City of Detroit III was taken out service in 1950, when the D&C discontinued service. She was  sold for scrap in 1956, and was dismantled. City of Detroit IIIs "Gothic Room" was disassembled and re-erected in a barn near Cleveland, Ohio, for ten years before it was once again taken down and then partially reassembled and refinished at the Dossin Great Lakes Museum on Belle Isle in Detroit.

References

Bibliography

Further reading

History of Detroit
Great Lakes ships
Ships built in Wyandotte, Michigan
Paddle steamers
1911 ships
Passenger ships of the United States
Detroit and Cleveland Navigation Company


Neoplecostomus selenae is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

The fish is named in honor of Selena Canhoto Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki’s daughter.

References

selenae
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Taxa named by Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki
Taxa named by Carla Simone Pavanelli
Taxa named by Francisco Langeani-Neto
Fish described in 2008


Neoplecostomus variipictus is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it is found in the Paraíba do Sul River basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

variipictus
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Fish described in 1995


Neoplecostomus yapo is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

yapo
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Taxa named by Cláudio Henrique Zawadzki
Taxa named by Carla Simone Pavanelli
Taxa named by Francisco Langeani-Neto
Fish described in 2008


Neoplecostomus ribeirensis is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the Ribeira de Iguape River basin.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

ribeirensis
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Taxa named by Francisco Langeani-Neto
Fish described in 1990


Elsa Stralia, born Elsie Mary Fischer (1 March 1881 – 31 August 1945) was an Australian soprano with an international reputation in Europe and America.

Family
The daughter of Johannes Hugo Fischer (1850-1901), and Annie Christiana Fischer (1858-1898), née Claussen, Elsie Mary Fischer was born in Norwood, South Australia on 1 March 1881. The family moved to Melbourne in 1899, where she was convent-educated.

She married William Mountford Moses (1875-1940) in Sydney on 24 December 1908. She divorced Moses in 1935.

She married Adolph Theodor Christensen (1878-1942) of Patea, New Zealand in Sydney on 14 November 1935. They lived in Patea until Christensen's death in 1942.

Stage name
Like other noted Australian sopranos, such as  June Mary Gough (1929-2005) ("June Bronhill", after Broken Hill), Vera Honor Hempseed (1890-1952) ("Madame Vera Tasma", after Tasmania), Helen Porter Mitchell (1861-1931) ("Nellie Melba", after Melbourne), Dorothy Mabel Thomas (1896-1978) ("Dorothy Canberra"), Florence Ellen Towl (1870-1952) ("Madame Ballara", after Ballarat), and Florence Mary Wilson (1892-1968) ("Florence Austral"), Elsie Mary Fischer adopted the stage name "Elsa Stralia" in honour of Australia.

Career
After appearing in Sydney, she studied in Milan and London. She made her Covent Garden, London debut as Donna Elvira in Mozart's Don Giovanni in 1913, under the professional name of Elsa Stralia. She appeared at Covent Garden, and in Milan, Paris, South Africa and New York City. She toured in South Africa, and in a number of American cities, once singing "The Star-Spangled Banner" while dressed as the Statue of Liberty. She recorded for the Columbia Graphophone Company, and toured Australasia in 1925 and 1934.

Death
On the death of her husband, she returned to Australia. She died, childless, at Belgrave, Victoria.

The Elsa Stralia Scholarship
Her estate was used to establish a scholarship for young Australian female singers.

Footnotes

References
 The Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 12, 1891-1931, edited by John Ritchie (1990, Melbourne University Press)
 Madame Stralia, The Windsor and Richmond Gazette, (Friday, 19 June 1914), p.10.

1881 births
1945 deaths
Australian operatic sopranos
Musicians from Adelaide
Singers from Melbourne
20th-century Australian women opera singers


The 2009 Churchill Cup took place between June 6 and June 21, 2009, marking the seventh year of the Churchill Cup.

For the first time in the tournament's history, all rounds were held in the United States. This was done in an effort to reduce the cost of the tournament after the discontinued sponsorship by Barclays and to keep the tournament from being suspended for a year. Six rugby union teams took part: , England Saxons, Ireland A, the , Argentina Jaguars, and for the first time in the tournament, the Georgia national team. Tickets for the event went on sale to USA Rugby members on April 2, 2009, and general sales tickets went on sale on April 24, 2009. The matches were broadcast live on Sky Sports in the UK and Setanta Sports North America in the US.

Winners
The Main Cup was won by Ireland A (who beat the England Saxons in the Cup Final), the Plate Competition was won by the Argentina Jaguars (who defeated  in the Final), and the Bowl Competition was won by the  (who beat Georgia).

Format
The teams played in a round-robin format between two pools to decide the elimination matches which took place on June 20, 2009. All six teams participated on the finals day: the two pool winners competed in the Cup Final, the two runners-up played in a Plate Final, and the two bottom-placed teams met in the Bowl Final.

Venues
After the 2008 tournament, which was played both in Canada and the United States, in 2009 all rounds of the tournament as well as the Finals Day were played around the Denver, Colorado area which is the future home for the tournament for the next three years. The first three days of round-robin play were at the modern, purpose-built rugby stadium Infinity Park in Glendale, Colorado on the south side of Denver. The finals were held at Dick's Sporting Goods Park in Commerce City, which is home to Denver's MLS team, the Colorado Rapids.

Tables

Pool A

Pool B

Results

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Finals

Bowl Final

Plate Final

Cup Final

References

External links
Churchill Cup Official Site
2009 Tournament Details

2009
2009 rugby union tournaments for national teams
Sports competitions in Denver
International rugby union competitions hosted by the United States
2008–09 in Irish rugby union
2008–09 in English rugby union
2009 in Canadian rugby union
2009 in Argentine rugby union
2009 in American rugby union
June 2009 sports events in the United States
2009 in sports in Colorado
2000s in Denver
2009 in Georgian sport