Gábor Vona  (born Gábor Zázrivecz; 20 August 1978) is a Hungarian historian, teacher and former nationalist politician who led the political party Jobbik from 2006 until 2018. He was the party's candidate for the position of prime minister in the 2010, 2014 and 2018 national elections. He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 2010 to 2018 and led the Jobbik parliamentary group until 2016.

Under his leadership, the Jobbik founded its controversial and short-lived paramilitary wing Magyar Gárda, while the then minor extra-parliamentary party gained great popularity among voters since the 2006 nationwide protests and elevated into the National Assembly during the 2010 parliamentary election. Vona initiated to re-define Jobbik from a nationalist radical movement to a conservative people's party after 2014 when the party became the strongest opposition party against Viktor Orbán's Fidesz. Vona tendered his resignation after disappointing election results in the 2018 parliamentary election, and also returned his obtained parliamentary mandate.

Early life and family
Vona was born on 20 August 1978 in Gyöngyös. He studied secondary education focusing on history and psychology at the Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest.

According to Vona's biography, the family's name was originally Vona but Gábor's grandfather, also called Gábor, died in World War II in Transylvania during the Battle of Torda and his grandmother married a Zázrivecz who adopted Gábor's father. So he took back his original family name. The name change occurred when he was in college. According to Gábor Vona, the Vona surname came from his Italian paternal ancestors, while he also has Slovak maternal ancestors. He had worked as a history teacher for a short period of time, after which he had various jobs for a few years (educational organiser for a language school, and sales, first for a security company and then for an IT company). He lives in Óbuda with his wife and his first son Benedek. His parents are pensioners.

Political career

Early career
During his university years Gábor Vona actively participated in the student organization of the Alliance of Christian Intellectuals and was a member of the students' council of his university. Besides founding JOBBIK (an acronym for Association of Right-Wing Youth; a youth movement that became the predecessor of the Jobbik party) he became a member of Fidesz and the civic circle of Viktor Orbán. With his expectations about Fidesz led to disappointment, in 2003 Gábor Vona re-established Jobbik as a political party and became its deputy chairman; he was then elected as party leader in 2006.

In 2007, Vona had founded the  paramilitary group Hungarian Guard, which was outlawed in 2009.

In 2009 Vona repeatedly called for a change of government and for Hungary's ruling politicians to be "held to account", referring to among others, Ferenc Gyurcsány and Gordon Bajnai. He considers himself an "EU realist" arguing that the EU should take a new direction in which the role of the nations should have more weight. Vona argues that the national police should be greatly strengthened and supports introducing an American style "three strikes law".

In 2013 Vona travelled to Russia to meet with Aleksandr Dugin, with whom he discussed creating potential ties between Hungary and Russia based on a shared affinity for Traditionalism, additionally Vona had a traditionalist adviser by the name of Tibor Baranyi for a period of time.

He was the Jobbik's candidate for the position of Prime Minister of Hungary in the 2010 and 2014 Hungarian parliamentary elections. Jobbik won the seats for the first time in 2010, with Fidesz won the Supermajority.

After the elections, the party's congress elected him to be the leader of the Jobbik parliamentary group. Vona became a member of the parliamentarian Committee of Agriculture, and its sub-committees, the Sub-Committee of Viticulture and Winery, and the Sub-Committee of Renewal Resources.

People's party era
Before the 2014 parliamentary elections Vona proclaimed a new political trend, the so-called néppártosodás (English: moderation to a people's party) in Jobbik. Vona, as the president of the party, introduced a new style of communication while stating that Jobbik has grown out of its "adolescence" and reached its adulthood. Since then Vona has been defining his party as a national people's party that significantly changed its views on the European Union, while in the internal politics the party started to be more open for the different groups of the Hungarian society.

Vona states that his personal political views do not matter anymore. Jobbik should not focus on ideological issues. Instead, they should make efforts to eliminate the social tensions and controversies as well as to fight against corruption that can be found in public life and administration.

Vona withdrew from party politics after the failure in the 2018 parliamentary election. He became a YouTube vlogger and established a political think-tank, the Second Reform Era Foundation (), dedicated to the preservation of Hungary's traditions. On 29 October 2019, Gábor Vona announced that he quit Jobbik.

Second Reform Era Party
On 9 September, 2023, he founded his own political party, Second Reform Era Party.

References

1978 births
Living people
Eötvös Loránd University alumni
Far-right politics in Hungary
Hungarian anti-communists
Hungarian nationalists
Hungarian people of Italian descent
Hungarian people of Slovak descent
Hungarian Roman Catholics
Hungarian schoolteachers
Fidesz politicians
Jobbik politicians
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2010–2014)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2014–2018)
People from Gyöngyös
21st-century Hungarian educators


The Rt Rev Wilmot Lushington Vyvyan (12 August 1861 – 26 August 1937) was an Anglican Bishop in the mid-20th century.

Background
Born into a noble family on 12 August 1861, Wilmot Vyvyan was educated at Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge.

Career
Ordained in 1888, he was curate at the Charterhouse Mission, St Hugh's, Southwark, becoming its priest in charge from 1892 until 1901, when he emigrated to South Africa. Here he was mission priest at Isandhlwana before elevation to the episcopate as the fourth bishop of Zululand in 1903, a post he was to hold for 26 years. He died on 26 August 1937.

References

Bibliography

External links

 Genealogical web-site
 Rootsweb
 University of the Witwatersrand

1861 births
People educated at Charterhouse School
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Anglican bishops of Zululand
20th-century Anglican Church of Southern Africa bishops
1937 deaths


The Center For Naval Aviation Technical Training Unit Keesler (CNATT Unit Keesler, CENNAVAVNTRAU Keesler AFB MS, UIC 32861) is an aviation technical school operated by the U.S. Navy in Biloxi, Mississippi.  It is located on the campus of Keesler Air Force Base.  It was known as Naval Technical Training Unit Keesler (NTTU Keesler) prior to 2003.

The command hosts the GPETE (General Purpose Electronic Test Equipment) Calibration and Maintenance School (GCAMS), Advanced Calibration Technician School (ACTS), and physical/dimensional calibration (Phase B&D) schools, and participates in the joint service Precision Physical and Dimensional Calibration School (PHYS-D).

External links
Navy Education and Training Center

References

Naval aviation education
United States Navy schools and training


LENA is a developer of advanced technology and programs to accelerate language development of children 0–3 and to close opportunity gaps.

The nonprofit organization uses a technology system that comprises a LENA device, patented processing software, and secure, cloud-based data access. The technology is used as the cornerstone of programs aimed at increasing interactive talk between children and caregivers, implemented by community organizations around the world.

The LENA System is also used by researchers at universities such as Harvard, MIT, Brown University and Stanford University, hospitals, and other research institutions, where it has been used to study subjects such as how language builds children's brains, autism, child language acquisition, and communication in deaf and hard of hearing families.

History
The LENA Research Foundation, a nonprofit organization, was created in 2009 through a donation of assets of Infoture Inc. by Terrance "Terry" and Judith "Judi" Paul, who were also majority owners of Renaissance Learning Inc. (RLI).

As the founder of Renaissance Learning, Terry Paul became familiar with the achievement gap caused by differences in home language environments. In 1998 he read Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Lives of Young American Children by Betty Hart, Ph.D., and Todd Risley, Ph.D. Based on data gathered through an intensive longitudinal study, Meaningful Differences revealed that the number of adult words spoken to children from birth to three predicted almost all of the variance in the children's language ability and IQ at age three.

Terry realized that with the help of advanced speech recognition technology he could streamline the data acquisition process and provide parents with a tool that was easy to use and could thoroughly chart a child's natural language environment. He called it LENA (for “language environment analysis”).

In 2004 Terry started Infoture, Inc. and hired a team of scientists, engineers, and scientific advisors to conduct the research and development work for the LENA System. Infoture launched a pilot version of the LENA System in February 2006. In February 2009 the Pauls donated the assets from Infoture and a gift of $2 million to create the LENA Research Foundation, a nonprofit organization. In January 2018, the organization changed its name to LENA and adopted the tagline "Building brains through early talk."

Philosophy
LENA's organizational goals are based on science that shows that the more talk and conversational engagements a child experiences in the first four years of life, the better off he or she will be in academics and society. This is based on research from Harvard University showing that interactive talk between children and caregivers is one of the most important factors affecting early brain development.  New research from MIT published in February 2018 confirmed that conversational turns are responsible for activation in Broca's area in children. LENA has several programs designed to encourage interactive talk between children and caregivers, including programs aimed at parents, childcare providers and home visitors.

Scientific background
A growing body of research shows that early childhood contains "critical periods" for tasks such as language acquisition, meaning that the first three years are a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for development. Early childhood development drives success in school and life, fostering cognitive skills like attentiveness, self-regulation, motivation, and sociability. Interactive talk—and more specifically, conversational turns—have been proved to be a key factor in stimulating brain growth during these important years, according to the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. Additionally, longitudinal research from LENA has found that the amount of conversation children experience between the ages of 18 and 24 months is related to their IQ, verbal comprehension, and language skills during adolescence. Investing early in children can lead to huge social and economic gains. Research has shown investments in young children can lead to reductions in criminal activity later in life, 13 percent returns on investment annually, and positive effects that last for several generations.

LENA System
LENA stands for "Language ENvironment Analysis". LENA technology provides more than 25 different metrics on the natural language environment of children, including estimates and percentile scores for adult words spoken to the child, conversational turns, and child vocalizations. The system also generates an automatic expressive language developmental age and percentile score based on a child's voiceprint.

Core Language Metrics
 Adult Word Count (AWC): The AWC is the number of words a child hears from an adult within a specific period. LENA provides breakdowns of AWC in five-minute, hourly, daily, and monthly reports.
 Conversational Turns (CTs): CTs occur when a child vocalizes (initiates) and an adult responds or an adult speaks (initiates) and a child responds. Each time that happens one turn is counted. CTs are one of the only ways to measure engaged interaction with a child. LENA offers breakdowns of CTs in five-minute, hourly, daily, and monthly reports.
 Child Vocalizations (CVs): A CV is counted when child speech of any length is surrounded by greater than 300 milliseconds of silence or other sound that is not child speech. CVs do not include cries or vegetative sounds. LENA provides breakdowns of CVs in five-minute, hourly, daily, and monthly reports.

How LENA Works

A parent or teacher places a LENA device in his or her children's LENA vest and records an entire day of the child's sound environment. The device is then connected to a computer with special software that processes the recording into data metrics including the child's exposure to verbal stimulation, the number of child utterances, and other information. As pediatricians do with a child's height and weight, the system also generates percentile scores comparing the child's vocalizations with those of other children the same age.

Product line

LENA Start
LENA Start is a program for parents that uses regular feedback from the LENA System plus 13 weekly group sessions to help improve the home language environment. Since its introduction in 2015, LENA Start has been implemented by school districts, library systems, and other types of organizations in Huntsville, Alabama, San Mateo County, California, Ames, Iowa, Longmont, Colorado, and Minneapolis, Minninnesota, and other sites across the country. Texas Children's Hospital is the first regional healthcare center to adopt the model. In October 2020 amid the restrictions of Covid-19 pandemic, Read Aloud Delaware began a virtual LENA Start program with families statewide. Parents are provided with feedback and participate in one-hour Zoom workshops each week during the 10-week program. LENA facilitators offer simple techniques to help them increase their children’s exposure to oral language while wearing the 'talk pedometers.' [37]

LENA Grow
LENA Grow is a professional development program for teachers who work in early childhood classrooms. According to LENA's website, "LENA’s talk reports for teachers focus primarily on conversational turns, a strong measure of interactive talk." Training teachers how to increase conversational turns is important because children can spend up to 60 percent of their time in childcare. The program was first piloted in Escambia County, Florida before launching at sites around the country.

LENA Home
LENA Home is a supplement to existing parent coaching curriculums. Typically, home visitors facilitate use of the LENA System to help parents track their progress towards increasing interactive talk in their homes.

LENA SP
LENA SP is the version of LENA designed for researchers and language professionals to use.

Developmental Snapshot
The LENA Developmental Snapshot, based on a 52-question parent survey, assesses both expressive and receptive language skills and provides an estimate of a child's developmental age from 2 months to 36 months.

LENA Research Foundation findings
 Parents estimate that they talk more with their children than they actually do.
 Most language training comes from mothers, with mothers providing 75 percent of the total talk in a child's environment.
 Mothers talk approximately 9 percent more to their daughters than to their sons.
 Parents talk more to their firstborn child than to their other children.
 Most adult talk in a child's environment occurs in the late afternoon or early evening.
 Children of talkative parents are also talkative.
 The more television a child watches, the lower his or her language ability scores tend to be.
 Parents of children with autism tend to talk less the more severe their child's symptoms. Conversely, the stronger their child's language abilities, the more parents talk.

References

External links
 LENA
 PNAS study on automated vocal analysis

Communication disorders
Computational linguistics
Early childhood educational organizations
Companies based in Colorado
Pervasive developmental disorders
Speech recognition
2009 establishments in the United States


Cocañín (variant: Cocaño) is one of five parishes (administrative divisions) in San Martín del Rey Aurelio, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is  in size, with a population of 1,046 (INE 2005).

Villages
The villages and hamlets include: La Güeria, Los Artos, Brañella, La Cabañina, La Cabañona, El Caleyu, La Casanueva, La Casorra, La Casuca, Ciriego, Cocañín, Cocaño, El Contu, El Contu Baxo, El Contu Medio, La Correoria, El Corvero, La Cotariella, La Encarná, Fatorgá, La Faya, Les Felechoses, La Güerta, L'Hedráu, La Ifrera, La Llonga, El Llanu, La Lloseta, La Malena, Ordiales, Pedroco, Piñera, El Pullíu, La Quemá, El Rebollal, El Rosellón, La Rina, EL Riusgüés, Roíles, La Rotella, La Sagosa, Solallonga, La Vallina, La Vaúba and Ximiniz.

References

Parishes in San Martín del Rey Aurelio


The 1919 Grand Prix season was the first season following the armistice that ended World War I in November 1918. European economies were struggling, and many automotive firms had to recover and retool from military production. So, there was very little racing activity as it took time for the companies and populations to recover. As the world rebuilt there were only two major races held in the year – the Indianapolis 500 and the Targa Florio.

Unsurprisingly there was a mixture of old and new in the fields and in both events, it was the pre-war machinery that was triumphant. In the Indianapolis race, Howdy Wilcox in his Peugeot saw off a competitive field including new cars from Duesenberg, Miller and Ballot. It also had the first postwar deaths at the event when Arthur Thurman, and then Louis LeCocq and his mechanic were killed in separate accidents. Wilcox went on to be awarded the year's AAA national championship.

The Targa Florio attracted a solid field but was held in November in atrocious weather. Raced on a shorter variant of the Madonie circuit, it became a contest between the new Ballot of René Thomas and the pre-war Peugeot voiturette of André Boillot (both of whom had been at Indianapolis). On the tight course and with the bad weather, the power advantage of the bigger cars was negated, and it was Boillot who got the victory after a gruelling eight hours in wind, rain and snow.

Major races
Sources:

Regulations and technical
The Indianapolis regulations remained the same as they were before the war – with a maximum engine size of 300 cu in (4.92 litres). The organisers of the Targa Florio had seven categories subdivided by number of cylinders and engine bore.

An inevitable surge in technology during wartime was carried over into automotive engineering design. The rapid advances in airplane engines could be translated into racing engines. Ettore Bugatti had taken Ernest Henry from Peugeot to help with the development of his Bugatti U-16 engine, with twin 8-cylinder blocks. This project was then picked up by Fred Duesenberg’s company which used new, lightweight carburettors made by Harry Miller on his innovative straight-8 engine.

Advances in metallurgy allowed lighter engines to be built, which meant they could be run at higher revolutions thereby generating more power. So, engines could be smaller and thus give a lower centre-of-gravity, which in turn meant better road-handling. Chain drives were abandoned in favour of shaft and virtually all racing units had twin-camshafts. Similarly, the long-stroke large-capacity four-cylinder pre-war engines disappeared.

The Frontenacs of Gaston and Louis Chevrolet utilised a significant amount of aluminium that made them far lighter (1600 lbs) than most other cars, that were well over 2000 pounds.

Season review
see also 1919 AAA Championship Car season

During wartime, the AAA National Championship was still held in an abbreviated format. There were now no more road-races included in the event list. The points-system devised for the 1916 season was discontinued. In 1917, from 22 races (none longer than 250 miles) at 8 venues, Earl Cooper won his third championship.  In 1918 there were 12 races at 4 circuits it was Ralph Mulford who won his second championship. These were retroactively calculated in 1927.

Soon after the Armistice Carl Fisher got organising the next 500-mile race at Indianapolis – to be called the “Liberty 500 Mile Sweepstakes”. He contacted Frenchman René Thomas, winner of the 1913 race, to come and add international interest. Thomas in turn approached Ballot, with Ernest Henry, to build a new car, from scratch, within a hundred days.

A full field of 36 cars was entered to qualify for the 33 starting spots. Of necessity, there was a broad mixture of new and pre-war cars. Four new Ballots arrived with their veteran drivers René Thomas, Jules Goux, Louis Wagner and Paul Bablot. Three Duesenbergs with the new straight-8 engine were entered but only Tommy Milton’s was ready in time to qualify. They also had 4-cylinder works cars for Eddie O'Donnell and Wilbur D'Alene and four privateer entries. Four of the Chevrolet brothers’ new Frontenacs arrived for themselves as well as reigning champion Mulford and Joe Boyer. There were two private entries of new 4-cylinder Millers and former winner Ralph DePalma was driving a V-12 Packard 299.  British team Sunbeam had cars for Briton Dario Resta and Frenchman Jean Chassagne but officials disqualified the team for having over-size engines. This left the reigning race-winner without a drive.

The Peugeot EX5s from the pre-war races were still competitive and two were entered by the Indianapolis Motor Speedway team for Howdy Wilcox and French former winner Jules Goux. There was also an L25 voiturette driven by André Boillot, younger brother of former French racing hero Georges Boillot. Finally, three Stutzes were entered as Durant Specials for Cliff Durant, Earl Cooper and Eddie Hearne for the Chevrolet company.

The new Ballots were soon found to be over-geared, creating chronic tyre-wear on the brick surface. With no time to replace the engines, the only solution was to replace the Rudge-Whitworth wheels with smaller American wheels and tyres. This was the final time that a single timed lap would be used to judge qualification, with a minimum 80 mph needed (a 1:52.5 lap). Thomas got the fastest time with his Ballot on the first day of qualification to take pole position, ahead of Wilcox (Peugeot) and Guyot (Ballot), while Goux needed an engine change and was lucky to qualify his Peugeot with the last run of the day on Thursday.

At the start it was DePalma who stormed into the lead from Gaston Chevrolet and Wilcox. Then after 60 laps DePalma fell back with engine issues. When Chevrolet had tyre problems soon after, his brother Louis took over the lead. There were two terrible accidents mid-race. On lap 45, Arthur Thurman lost control of his Duesenberg at turn 3, smashed into the wall and rolled. Thurman was killed and his mechanic critically injured. Then on lap 97 Louis LeCocq crashed. The car rolled and burst into flame. Trapped underneath he and his mechanic, Robert Bandini, were killed.

Wilcox took the lead at two-thirds’ distance. The vaunted Ballot challenge did not eventuate: Thomas’ tyres were torn up on the bricks, Wagner lost a wheel and Goux retired from exhaustion. Bablot became ill and was relieved by Chassagne (whose Sunbeam was scratched) who then crashed the car. In the end, it was a triumph for the pre-war cars: Wilcox won by a comfortable four minutes from Hearne in the Durant-Stutz and Jules Goux in the Peugeot third.

From only two starts – a win at Indianapolis and second at the Sheepshead Bay Derby, Wilcox scored enough points to subsequently be awarded the AAA championship narrowly from Eddie Hearn (who had four second places and a third).

One of the first motor-race events in Europe after the war was a series of speed trials in August on the beach of Fanø island on the west coast of Denmark.
By late in the year Conde Vincenzo Florio was able to use his reputation to assemble a reasonable field of twenty-four cars to his Targa Florio, the first major race in post-war Europe. Again, it was a mix of old and new cars.

In 1915 Nicola Romeo got a majority shareholding in ALFA and merged it three years later into his group of engineering  companies. The Alfa Romeo 40/60 had veteran Giuseppe Campari and Nino Franchini as drivers. Among the four FIATs was Antonio Ascari in his first season of racing. There were also entries from race-regulars Itala, Diatto, Aquila Italiana and Nazzaro. New entry CMN had two cars for their drivers, Ugo Sivocci and a 21-year old Enzo Ferrari, who had already driven their cars from the factory in Milan. Foreign interest was generated with the entry of René Thomas in his Ballot and André Boillot in the Peugeot L25, both now back from Indianapolis. Finally, there was the new British firm Eric-Campbell, with cars for 1912 Targa winner Cyril Snipe and Jack Scales.

Four years of neglect through wartime had left the roads in a terrible state so a new, shortened circuit was used this year. The medio Madonie was 108 km long still started at Cerda but cut across from Castellana to Collesano to avoid the worst of the mountain roads. This was not helped by the atrocious weather on the day of the race, with the cars starting amidst high winds and snow. Thomas was leading at the end of the first of four laps. Ascari slid off down a ravine. Franchini retired his Alfa Romeo, stung by the frozen mud thrown up at him, and thereafter the Alfa cars were fitted with mudguards. Boillot went off the road half a dozen times in his efforts to keep up.  Going into the last lap, Thomas stopped to refuel where his crew alerted him of the fast-approaching Peugeot. Meanwhile, Boillot's mechanic instead grabbed a tank of fuel and filled up on the run. The smaller Peugeot had a seven-minute lead and in his rush to catch up, Thomas went off the road, breaking the Ballot's axle.

Oblivious to the extent of his lead, Boillot kept pushing right to the end. Coming up to the finish-line the crowd surged onto the road to greet him. Fearful of a terrible accident at speed, Boillot slewed the car round in avoidance, injuring three spectators and hitting the palisade in front of the grandstand. The rest of the crowd tried to push the car back onto the road until a journalist warned he would be disqualified if they did. Dazed, and exhausted after nearly eight hours of concentration, the two did it and reversed over the line. Ernest Ballot then sportingly pointed out that reversing was also against the rules, so in a comical episode Boillot got back in the car, drove back to the incident site, turned around and drove back to the finish line to finally claim the victory.

The Italian cars were never able to keep up, with Antonio Moriondo in an Itala finishing half an hour behind in second, Domenico Gamboni's Diatto in third with only eight cars making it to the finish. Enzo Ferrari and the last two competitors, already well delayed, were held up further in Campofelice as the town square had filled with villagers to listen to a speech by the local governor, with no way through. By the time they finally reached the finish-line virtually everyone had caught the train back to Palermo and a remaining carabinieri took their finishing time.

Citations

References
 Cimarosti, Adriano (1997)    The Complete History of Grand Prix Motor Racing    London: Aurum Press Ltd
 Fox, Charles (1973)    The Great Racing Cars & Drivers    London: Octopus Books Ltd
 Georgano, Nick (1971)    The Encyclopaedia of Motor Sport    London: Ebury Press Ltd
 Higham, Peter (1995)    The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing    London: Guinness Publishing
 Ludvigsen, Karl (2008)    Racing Colours - Italian Racing Red    Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd
 Monkhouse, George (1953)    Grand Prix Racing Facts and Figures   London: G.T. Foulis & Co Ltd
 Rendall, Ivan (1991)    The Power and The Glory – A Century of Motor Racing    London: BBC Books
 Rendall, Ivan (1993)    The Chequered Flag – 100 years of Motor Racing    London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd
 Venables, David (2009)    Racing Colours - French Racing Blue    Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd

External links

  Grand Prix Winners 1895–1949 : Part 2 (1919–1933)  – list of the races and winners. Retrieved 3 Oct 2019
  Grand Prix Winners 1895–1949 : History  – Hans Etzrodt's description of the annual regulations, and changes. Retrieved 7 Jun 2019
  Ultimate Racing History  - list of the major races, entrants and results. Retrieved 3 Oct 2019
  6th Gear  - list of the major races and winners each year. Retrieved 3 Oct 2019
  La Targa Florio – race report and pictures of the Targa Florio. Retrieved 3 Oct 2019
  Stefano d’Amico – race report and pictures of the Targa Florio. Retrieved 3 Oct 2019
  Driver Database  – race results of the Targa Florio. Retrieved 3 Oct 2019
  F2 Register – race results of the Targa Florio. Retrieved 3 Oct 2019
  Grand Prix History – history of the Targa Florio race. Retrieved 3 Oct 2019
  Motorsport Memorial – motor-racing deaths by year. Retrieved 3 Oct 2019
  1919 AAA Championship – list of all the races, entrants and results of the AAA Championship. Retrieved 3 Oct 2019
  Racing Reference.com – list of all the races and results of the AAA Championship. Retrieved 9 Oct 2019
  MotorSport magazine – race results of AAA championship. Retrieved 3 Oct 2019

Grand Prix seasons
1919 in motorsport

1919 in American motorsport


Guitar Romantic is the first and only studio album by American rock band The Exploding Hearts, released both by Dirtnap Records and Screaming Apple Records in 2003.

Reception

Pitchfork listed the song "Modern Kicks" at 290 in its list of "The Top 500 Tracks of the 2000s".

Track listing

References

2003 debut albums
The Exploding Hearts albums


Edmonton Opera is a professional Canadian opera company in Edmonton, Alberta, which performs in the Northern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium with its Opera Centre located at 15230 128 Ave in northwest Edmonton. The Opera Centre is home to a box office, production shops, costume storage, and a Jubilee stage-sized rehearsal hall. It celebrated its 50th anniversary during the 2013/14 season.

History
Approximately six amateur opera companies pre-date the Edmonton Opera’s founding in 1963. After Mrs. J.B. Carmichael’s death in 1964, singers who had been involved with the Edmonton Operatic Society approached local pianist and voice teacher Jean Letourneau about working with them. After a number of successful productions, the group changed its name to the Edmonton Professional Opera Association, with David Ker as the first president and Letourneau as the music director. "Professional" was dropped from the company’s name in August 1966, as the then-artistic director, Irving Guttman, argued that it should be obvious to all if a company is professional.

The first season, 1963/64, featured two productions: Madama Butterfly  in October 1963, and Cavalleria Rusticana and Pagliacci in April 1964. In 1966, Letourneau convinced Guttman, then at the Vancouver Opera, to come to Edmonton. The artistic director from 1966 to 1998, Guttman would be a part of all four Western Canadian opera companies — Vancouver (founded 1958), Edmonton (founded 1963), Manitoba (founded 1969) and Calgary (founded 1972).

Until 2008, the opera guild was one of many forms of support for the opera. Founded by Thelma Gregg, the group held many successful fundraisers and ensured everyone backstage was well-fed.

Productions
Usually, three productions make up one season; though at the beginning, a season usually comprised two productions, and as many as five operas have been presented in one season, notably in 1992/93 and 1993/94.

Repertoire includes the classic operatic works, as well as a handful of more contemporary pieces, especially in more recent years. The 2013/14 season will be the third time Salome has been seen in Edmonton, the fourth time for Die Fledermaus and the eighth time for Madama Butterfly  — since it was the first piece presented in 1963, Puccini’s work is usually revisited near major anniversaries for Edmonton Opera. More contemporary works include Of Mice and Men (2001/02), Weil in Weimar (2004/05), Filumena (2005/06), Bluebeard’s Castle (2005/06), and Lilies (Les Feluettes) (2017/18). In 2012/13, the ATB Canadian Series comprised the world premiere of Shelter, co-produced with Tapestry New Opera, and Svadba – Wedding, produced by Queen of Puddings Music Theatre.

Education
With the aid of technology, the company is able to share operatic resources across northern Alberta, including educational guides, programs and other resources. Field trips for students in Edmonton are arranged for the second dress rehearsal, when they can visit the Northern Alberta Jubilee, watch the performance, and often, chorus and cast members come out to the lobby to chat during intermissions.

Between 1973 and 1984, Edmonton Opera on Tour brought opera to children in schools across Alberta, from bigger centres such as Grande Prairie to smaller communities such as Holden. Through this program, there were approximately 200 performances per year.

Community
The Edmonton Opera has partnered with many other arts organizations in Edmonton, including the Alberta Craft Council and the Shumka Ukrainian Dancers. The Edmonton Opera is also the largest employer of the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra.

References

Canadian opera companies
Musical groups from Edmonton
Musical groups established in 1963
1963 establishments in Alberta


Founded in 1969, ASCA is an Italian news agency based in Rome. It is owned by the Italian businessman Giancarlo Abete through Gruppo Abete (who also own a majority stake in APCOM).

References

External links
ASCA news

1969 establishments in Italy
News agencies based in Italy
Mass media in Rome


The Kaitokudō (Japanese:懐徳堂) was a merchant academy located in Osaka, Japan, during the Tokugawa period. Although it opened its doors in 1724, it was founded officially in 1726 by Nakai Shūan. It remained a public institution until 1868, although there have been modern revivals.

The Kaitokudō began as a small meeting group of Osaka merchants, Tashōdō, who met to discuss virtue, or moral education, through the reading and study (gakumon) of classic texts. A fire at the Tashōdō in 1724 spurred already developing plans to establish a legal institution in the form of a public academic with a continued focus on the moral education of merchants. This was gained in 1726. Land was granted in perpetuity, provided that the academy be financed by the local merchants. The original finances are attributed to the members of the Tashōdō.

The main remit of the school was on moral education of merchants. Public lectures maintained this focus and classes were regularly scheduled on business, whereas private seminars moved beyond the four books to examine Chinese poetry, native literature, and also science and astronomy based on the expertise and interests of the teacher (jusha). Lines were drawn against teaching unverifiable knowledge, such as that pertaining to shingaku, Buddhism, dreams and other mysticism.

Significance
This school was significant during the Tokugawa period not only for permitting merchants to participate freely in higher education at a time when engagement was rare or discouraged, but focusing almost exclusively on the education of merchants. As a school of thought, its scholars consciously contributed greatly to reconciling merchants and contemporary views of merchants in Tokugawa society; and have been credited with advancing the articulation of contradictions between the demand for verifiability in knowledge and the reliance on the reading of text as history.

Although consciously only extending to the equality of people in their capacity for virtue and learning, the significance of the school lay in its advocacy of acceptance of wider scientific and geographical scholarship, as instanced in the works of Yamagata Bantō, whose radical reorganization of knowledge and admiration for Western scientific methods remained, however, marginalized since they challenged the remit of the school. The Kaitokudō's commitment to the Chinese classics, however, did not allow this marked change to occur within the walls of the academy. Later scholars would regularly cite Yamagata as an influence toward science. Najita marks the academy's decline with reference to the rise of the Tekijuku as a nearby foreign language school of medicine and other (western) sciences which gained in popularity since its inception in 1838.

Academic headship
 Miyake Sekian, 1726–1730 (with Nakai Shuan directing of external affairs)
 Miyake Shunro, 1730–1782 (public lectures conducted by Goi Ranju and Nakai Chikuzan)
 Nakai Chikuzan, 1782–1804 (closely associated with his brother Nakai Riken
 ?Nakai Riken, 1804–1817 (delivered lectures but lived away from the academy with no involvement in administration
 ?Nakai Sekka,

Modern era
The academy was revived in 1910 based on a publication called the Kaitoku, which sponsored lectures and meetings in the spirit of the Kaitokudō from funds contributed by Sumitomo and other commercial Osaka operations. The academy building was also renovated at that time; however it was burned down in the fire bombings of the following Pacific War. The library, much of it in Dutch, has survived, however, and is housed at Osaka University as Kaitokudō Bunkan. With the end of the Tokugawa Bakufu in 1868, the Kaikokudō also closed its gates to further instruction.

Notable scholars
 Miyake Sekian, 1665–1730
 Nakai Shuan, d. 1758
 Goi Ranju, 1697–1762
 Nakai Chikuzan, 1730–1804
 Nakai Riken, 1732–1817
 Yamagata Bantō, 1748–1821

See also

Osaka University
Tekijuku

References

External links
Kaitokudō Official Website

Education in Japan
Rangaku
Osaka University history


Biathlon refers to the winter sport that combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting.

Biathlon is also used to describe any sporting event made up of two disciplines, and may refer to:

Biathle, a sub-sport of modern pentathlon combining swimming with running in a continuous format over distances common to modern pentathlon
Modern biathlon, a sub-sport of modern pentathlon combining running with swimming in a non-continuous format over distances common to modern pentathlon

See also
Aquathlon, a sub-sport of triathlon combining swimming with running in a continuous format over distances common to triathlon
Duathlon, a sub-sport of triathlon combining cycling with running in a continuous format over distances common to triathlon


Stan Smith was the defending champion but lost in the second round to Raymond Moore.

Brian Gottfried won in the final 6–2, 6–4, 6–3 against Trey Waltke.

Seeds
The draw allocated unseeded players at random; as a result three seeds and one lucky loser received a bye into the second round.

  Brian Gottfried (champion)
  Yannick Noah (semifinals)
  Balázs Taróczy (semifinals)
  Corrado Barazzutti (second round)
  Stan Smith (second round)
  Heinz Günthardt (third round)
  Bob Lutz (third round)
  Tomáš Šmíd (quarterfinals)
  Raúl Ramírez (first round)
 n/a
  Rolf Gehring (quarterfinals)
  Bernard Mitton (second round)
  Gianni Ocleppo (first round)
  Chris Lewis (second round)
  Pascal Portes (third round)
  Colin Dibley (second round)

Draw

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

References
 1980 Fischer-Grand Prix Draw

1980 Fischer-Grand Prix


Rita Golden Gelman (born July 2, 1937) is an American writer who has written more than 70 children's books and 2 adult books.

Her organization, Let's Get Global, is dedicated to encouraging and assisting recent high school graduates to have a gap year including international experiences.

Gelman has delivered keynote speeches for several colleges and organizations.

Early life and education
Gelman's family owned a small pharmacy in Bridgeport, Connecticut. As a teenager, she worked the soda fountain in the store. Her favorite part of the job was interacting with immigrant customers.

Gelman attended Beardsley Elementary School, then Warren Harding High School for her freshman year and Bassick High School for her last three years, graduating in 1954. She received a B.A. in English and American Literature from Brandeis University in 1958. In 1984, she received an M.A. anthropology from University of California, Los Angeles.

After graduating from college, she moved to New York City and lived in Greenwich Village until 1976, and then in Los Angeles until she began her nomadic life.

Writing career

Children's books
Gelman's children's books include:
 Dumb Joey (1972), her first book, about a group of kids in New York City who had nowhere to play
 Body Noises (1983) about noises made by the body including yawns, sneezes, cracking joints and flatulence
 Rice is Life (2000) about how rice is grown and harvested on the island of Bali
 More Spaghetti, I Say! (1993) about Minnie, a monkey who can't stop eating spaghetti
 Body Battles (1992) about how our bodies fight off viruses and other threats to our health, such as drugs and poisons

Adult books
Her memoir, Tales of a Female Nomad, Living at Large in the World, was published in 2001 by Crown Publishing Group/Random House. In the book, she writes about the first 15 years of living in developing countries after selling all of her possessions. In October 2014, it reached 4th in the "Love and Relationships" category of The New York Times Best Seller list.

In June 2010, she wrote Female Nomad and Friends, Breaking Free and Breaking Bread Around the World in which 41 authors, all but two of them women, tell their stories of "connecting across cultures." Gelman has eight stories in the book. There are also 33 international recipes. All the author royalties from this anthology are used to send high school graduates from slums in New Delhi to vocational schools via scholarships organized by Rotary International.

Personal life
In 1960, she married Stephen Gelman. Her son, Mitch, was born in 1962 and her daughter, Jan, was born in 1963. She divorced around 1986.

In 1987, Gelman sold all her possessions and become a citizen of the world. She has never returned to a settled life; on her website she refers to herself as a "modern day nomad", although she temporarily lives in New York City.

References

External links

 The Global Nomad Interviews: Rita Golden Gelman, 29 July 2017, Istanbul, Turkey

1937 births
Living people
American children's writers


William D. Alexander (1916 – November 19, 1991) was an American filmmaker. He made U.S. government-sponsored newsreels for African American audiences. He later established his own production company, Alexander Productions, in New York City and became a film producer.

He made the short documentary film Village of Hope about a leper colony in Liberia. He also made the films Portrait of Ethiopia Wealth of Wood, which received the United Nations Award at the Madrid International Film Festival in Madrid in 1967.

Biography
Alexander was born in 1916 in Denver, Colorado, or in Missouri. He grew up in Colorado and was educated at Colorado State College of Education, now the University of Northern Colorado, and Chicago State University.

In 1941, Alexander relocated to Washington, D.C., where he was employed by the National Youth Administration. He worked for a radio program, where his responsibilities involved interviewing African Americans who worked for the federal government and producing stories about Washington's Black middle class.

During World War II, Alexander worked for the Office of War Information, producing press releases and newsreels relaying news concerning African-American soldiers and sailors. Alexander and his colleagues produced more than 250 newsreels, which were released under the title All-American News.

In 1945, Alexander relocated to New York City, where he established his own production company, Alexander Productions, and founded the Associated Film Producers of Negro Motion Pictures. Alexander produced musical shorts, such as Jivin' in Bebop (featuring Dizzy Gillespie), Burlesque in Harlem, and Open the Door, Richard (whose theme later became a hit record). He also produced features, including The Fight Never Ends (in which boxer Joe Louis, starring as himself, fought juvenile delinquency), The Highest Tradition, and Rhythm in a Riff (which featured Billy Eckstine). Alexander's Souls of Sin has been described as the last race movie made by a Black producer.

Alexander moved to London in 1950. Over the next 18 years, he produced a series of highly-praised documentaries concerning the new states emerging from colonialism in Africa. Many of these films were produced at the request of the African states, and were used to promote the new states abroad. At different times, Alexander served as the official film-maker for Liberia and Ethiopia. In 1960, the American ABC television network broadcast a twelve-part documentary by Alexander concerning the new African states. The 22 African states where Alexander worked during the 1950s and 1960s awarded him various awards.

One of Alexander's documentaries, The Village of Hope, was about a Liberian leper colony. It was recognized at the 1964 Cannes Film Festival with a Short Film Palme d'Or. Alexander's Portrait of Ethiopia was honored with a prize at the 1965 Venice Film Festival. Wealth in Wood, another of Alexander's documentaries, was given the United Nations Award at the Madrid International Film Festival in 1967.

In 1974, Alexander produced The Klansman, based on the novel by William Bradford Huie. With a budget of US$4.5 million, The Klansman was the biggest production of Alexander's career. It starred O. J. Simpson in his acting debut. Despite its big budget and all-star cast, which included Richard Burton, Lola Falana, and Lee Marvin, The Klansman was Alexander's least successful film. His next film, Jackpot, shut down during production and remains unfinished.

Death

Alexander died of cancer in the Bronx on November 19, 1991. In 1995, he was inducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame.

Filmography
The Vanities (1946)
The Highest Tradition (1946), about African American World War II war heroes
Love in Syncopation (1946)
Rhythm in a Riff (1947)
The Fight Never Ends (1948)
Souls of Sin (1949)
Portrait of Ethiopia (1960)
Village of Hope, a short documentary film about a leper colony in Liberia
Wealth in Wood
The Klansman (1974)

See also
African American cinema

References

Further reading

External links

1916 births
1991 deaths
American film producers
American documentary film producers
Businesspeople from Denver
University of Northern Colorado alumni
Chicago State University alumni
African-American film producers
20th-century American businesspeople
People of the United States Office of War Information
20th-century African-American businesspeople


Melvin Anthony Anderson (born August 29, 1965) is a former professional American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL).

External links
NFL.com profile

1965 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Minnesota Golden Gophers football players
University of Minnesota alumni
National Football League replacement players


Film Archives, Inc. or F.I.L.M. Archives (Fast Images Lotsa Movies) is a stock footage company based in New York City.

It is believed to be one of the oldest independent footage companies and has supplied footage to feature films, television, industrial, commercial, and web footage users.

Footage from its library of mostly vintage films has been featured in The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, and the feature films 42, Argo,  Dreamgirls and Trial of the Chicago 7.

History

Film Archives was founded in 1986 by Mark Trost and Rick Scheckman, who had been collecting 16mm films as a hobby throughout the 1960s and 1970s, an era before the advent of home VCRs. When Trost was contacted by the producers of the ABC News series Our World with Linda Ellerbee for use of a clip from the 1938 Lone Ranger serial, the company notified other TV producers of their collection. Producers of Geraldo, Inside Edition and the Comedy Channel (precursor to Comedy Central) soon began incorporating clips from the company's collection into their programs.

In 1987, Film Archives began representing footage from  Cablevision's local all-news channel News 12 Long Island. Stories that originally ran on the channel were soon licensed for use by Dateline NBC, The Oprah Winfrey Show and Extra.

Company's major claim to television fame is being the source of David Letterman's favorite clip, Monkey Washes the Cat, which has since been replaced by a sneezing monkey (not provided by FILM Archives). The clip was featured as the "Moment of Zen" accompanying Jon Stewart's February 10 announcement that he would be retiring from The Daily Show. In addition, they licensed the rare short Mr. B Natural for use in Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K). F.I.L.M. Archives is the only known holder of this film print today, archived as reel #1133B.

According to company records, the top five footage requests are:
1. Elvis Presley
2. Marilyn Monroe
3. John F. Kennedy
4. 1950s suburbia
5. World War II

Select client list

TV Shows:

 America In Color
 American Horror Story: 1984
 American Masters
 Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown
 CBS Evening News
 CBS Sunday Morning
 The Colbert Report
 The Daily Show with Jon Stewart
 The Deuce
 Documentary Now!
 The Dr. Oz Show
 The 80s: The Decade That Made Us
 Entertainment Tonight
 Fast N' Loud
 Foo Fighters: Sonic Highways
 Going Clear: Scientology, Hollywood and the Prison of Belief
 The Goldbergs
 Good Morning America
 Inside Edition
 Key & Peele
 Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck
 Late Show with David Letterman
 Mad Men
 Makers: Women Who Make America
 McMillions
 The Mentalist
 The Middle
 Mythbusters
 O.J.: Made in America
 Raising Hope
 Saturday Night Live
 Sinatra: All or Nothing at All
 South Park
 Succession
 The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon
 Transparent
 Tyrant

Films:

 The Age of Adaline
 Argo
 Battle of the Sexes
 Belushi
 Bridge of Spies
 Bowling for Columbine
 Capturing the Friedmans
 Chapter 27
 Charlie Wilson's War
 Chicago
 Couples Retreat
 Deli Man
 Dolemite Is My Name
 Dreamgirls
 Fahrenheit 9/11
 42
 The Founder
 Foxcatcher
 Geostorm
 Ghost Ship
 Hollywoodland
 I'm Your Woman
 An Inconvenient Truth
 Pawn Sacrifice
 San Andreas
 Supermensch: The Legend of Shep Gordon
 Tab Hunter Confidential
 Tarnation
 Think Like A Man Too
 13th
 ‘’Trial of the Chicago 7’’
 Uncle Drew
 Watchmen
 What Happened, Miss Simone?
 Where's My Roy Cohn?
 World War Z

References

External links
 Film Archives, Inc.
 Film Archives Channel on YouTube

Mass media companies of the United States
Companies based in New York City


Edgar George McIldowie Lansbury (born 12 January 1930) is a British-American retired theatre, film, and television producer.

Early life
Born in London, Lansbury is the son of Belfast-born actress Moyna Macgill and Edgar Lansbury, a British politician and businessman and the grandson of future Labour Party leader George Lansbury. He is the younger brother of actress Angela Lansbury and the twin brother of television producer Bruce Lansbury; both brothers became United States citizens in 1954.

Career
Lansbury's first Broadway production, the 1964 Frank D. Gilroy play The Subject Was Roses, won him the Tony Award for Best Play. Other Broadway credits include Promenade (1969, co-produced with Joseph Beruh), The Only Game in Town, Look to the Lilies, The Magic Show, the 1974 revival of Gypsy starring his sister, Godspell, American Buffalo (which earned him a nomination for the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Play), and Lennon.

Off-Broadway Lansbury has produced, among other productions, revivals of Arms and the Man, Waiting for Godot, and Long Day's Journey into Night, and the comedy As Bees In Honey Drown, which earned him a second Drama Desk Award nomination.

Lansbury is the recipient of the John Houseman Award, presented to him by The Acting Company to honor his commitment to the development of classical actors and a national audience for the theater.

Lansbury's film credits include The Wild Party, Blue Sunshine, and Squirm and the screen adaptations of The Subject Was Roses and Godspell. He produced the television series Coronet Blue, which was broadcast by CBS in 1967.

References

External links

Edgar Lansbury at the Lortel Archives

1930 births
Living people
American theatre managers and producers
Film producers from New York (state)
Television producers from New York City
English theatre managers and producers
English film producers
English television producers
Tony Award winners
People with acquired American citizenship
Lansbury family


Heads of the Komi Republic (; ) is the highest official of the Komi Republic, an autonomous region of Russia. The position was introduced in 1994. In previous years, from the establishment of the multi-party system in 1990, the Supreme Council of the Komi Republic was the highest authority, and its chairman acted as head of state. In 2012, term of office was increased from four to five years.

List of the Heads
Below is a list of the Heads of the Komi Republic:

Timeline

Election results

Last election
Last election for the post was held on 13 September 2020.

2016 elections
The 2016 elections were held on election day 18 September.

2014 elections
The 2014 elections were held on election day 14 September.

2001 elections
The 2001 elections were held on 16 December.

1997 elections
The 1997 elections were held on 30 November.

1994 elections
The 1994 elections were held on 8 May.

Notes

References

Sources
 From the history of elections of the Head of the Komi Republic

Politics of the Komi Republic
Komi Republic


The Norman Church of St Peter in Portishead, Somerset, England, was built in 1320, on the site of a previous church, and rebuilt in the 14th and 15th centuries in the Perpendicular Gothic style. In 1952 it was made a Grade I listed building.

The vestry was added in 1828. The church was altered in 1978–1979.  It also has a new garden developed at the Millennium.

The churchyard contains the war graves of three Royal Navy sailors and an airman of World War II.

The building is located between Church Road North and Church Road South in the centre of Portishead with the four-stage tower rising to , making a prominent landmark, with its set back buttresses and a pierced parapet.

It has strong links with Christian primary schools such as St Peter's C of E.

Current Clergy
As of September 2021
the team ministry consists of Reverend Rob Eastwood Dewing (Team Rector), Revd Mark Fuller (Team Pilgrim) and Revd Laura Downs (Training Curate)

See also

 List of Grade I listed buildings in North Somerset
 List of towers in Somerset
 List of ecclesiastical parishes in the Diocese of Bath and Wells

References

Buildings and structures completed in 1320
Portishead
Portishead
Portishead
Portishead, Somerset


Alpheus Hamilton Zulu (29 July 190526 August 1987) was an Anglican bishop in the second half of the 20th century. Educated at the University of South Africa, he was ordained in 1940. In 1948 he co-founded with the Revd Philip Mbata, Iviyo loFakazi bakaKristu (The Legion of Christ's Witnesses): a charismatic movement within the Anglican Church.

Following a curacy at St Faith's Mission, Durban he was its priest in charge from 1952 to 1960 when he became a suffragan bishop of Diocese of St John's (called Assistant Bishop of St John's). Promotion to be the ninth bishop of Zululand then followed. From 1978 until his death in 1987, he was Speaker of the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly.

References

1905 births
1988 deaths
20th-century Anglican Church of Southern Africa bishops
Anglican bishops of Zululand
South African Christian pacifists
University of South Africa alumni


The 1947–48 season was the 68th season of competitive football by Rangers.

Overview
Rangers played a total of 45 competitive matches during the 1947–48 season. This was the second official season played since the end of the Second World War. The club played in the Scottish League Division A and finished Runners up to Hibernian, with 46 points.

The club were knocked out the League Cup by Falkirk 1–0 at the Semi-Final stage.

The Scottish Cup campaign ended in success as the club beat Morton 1–0 in a replay in front of a crowd of 129,176 (a record for a midweek match). Williamson scored the winner in extra time.

Benfica were beaten 3–0 in a prestigious friendly match in Portugal.

Transfers
18 December 1947:
Willie Dougal to Preston North End.

Results
All results are written with Rangers' score first.

Scottish League Division A

Scottish Cup

League Cup

Appearances

See also
 1947–48 in Scottish football
 1947–48 Scottish Cup
 1947–48 Scottish League Cup

References

Rangers F.C. seasons
Rangers


The 2009 Avon Tyres British GT season was the 17th season of the British GT Championship. The season began at Oulton Park's Easter Monday meeting and finished on 20 September at Brands Hatch after 14 races. 2009 saw the debut of the new Supersport class. Twins David and Godfrey Jones won the GT3 title during the final race of the season. Jody Firth sealed the GT4 title, while Phil Keen and Marcus Clutton won the Supersports Class.

Drivers and teams
 All cars ran on Avon tyres.

Calendar
 All rounds were a duration of 60 minutes, except rounds 11 and 12, which were two-hour endurance races. Only the overall winners are listed. The Donington enduro was originally scheduled for April 26, however due to ongoing issues with the circuit's track licence, the meeting was rescheduled for July 19. In the Spa-Francorchamps round, the British GT field was included in the Belcar Championship races.

Standings
Points are awarded to the top eight finishers in the order 10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1. Drivers in bold indicate pole position. Drivers in italics indicate fastest lap.

GT3

† — Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.

GT4

Supersport

Notes
 Renard and Vosse were not awarded points in race two at Oulton Park, due to running standard-spec pump fuel, following issues with the championship's Sunoco fuel during race one.
 Supersport Class drivers are awarded half points, due to a lack of competitors.
 At Rockingham, as the Invitation Class Ginetta won both races, Simonsen and Lester were awarded maximum points in race one, and Brown and Fisken in race two. The Ginetta also won at Brands Hatch, with Simonsen and Lester again receiving maximum points.
 From Spa onwards, half points were awarded in GT4, due to a lack of competitors.
 The Mosler MT900R of Daniel Brown and Martin Short competed at Snetterton and Donington under protest due to a loophole in the regulations. Eventually, the Mosler was stripped of points gained from the rounds.

References

External links
British GT website

GT
British GT Championship seasons


Linares is one of five parishes (administrative divisions) in San Martín del Rey Aurelio, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is  in size, with a population of 9,273 (INE 2005).

Villages and hamlets

Parishes in San Martín del Rey Aurelio


Michael Hamilton Stevenson (13 June 1927 – 19 September 1994) was a schoolmaster, journalist and cricketer who played for Cambridge University, Derbyshire, Ireland and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) between 1949 and 1969.

Stevenson was born at Chinley, Derbyshire and educated at Rydal School, Colwyn Bay, North Wales, where he was cricket captain in his last year. He played various matches for Derbyshire in 1945 and 1946 and for Staffordshire in 1947 and Derbyshire 2nd XI in 1948. He went to Cambridge University in 1948 and was given a blue in his first season 1949. He played regularly for the university for four years appearing in the Varsity match each year. In 1950 against Leicestershire Stevenson made 109 in a third wicket stand with Peter May of 233. In 1952 against Surrey he made 111 in two and a half hours with two 6s and twelve 4s, and against Worcestershire he hit four 6s and six 4s to reach 53 within the hour.  In 1950 and 1952 he played occasional games for Derbyshire – three in 1950 and one in 1952. He also played for Ireland in 1952 and 1956 on the basis of residential qualification after his parents retired there. He played for Leinster and Clontarf over three seasons. He also started playing for MCC in 1956, played for Derbyshire Juniors in 1958 and various matches for Ireland until 1964 and MCC until 1969.

He was a right-hand batsman who played 106 innings in 66 first-class matches with an average of 24.91 and a top score of 122. He was a slow left-arm orthodox bowler who took 50 first-class wickets at an average of 37.64 with a best performance of 5 for 36.

Stevenson taught at three public schools. At Pocklington School he ran the cricket and founded the Pocklington Pixies club which reached the final of the national club championship in their first year. He gave up teaching for a while and took up journalism and writing on North of England, cricket and rugby. He wrote two books, "A History of Yorkshire Cricket" and a biography of Ray Illingworth. After ten years he returned to Rydal to teach English and run the cricket.

Stevenson died at Colwyn Bay shortly after retiring at the age of 67.

References

1927 births
1994 deaths
Derbyshire cricketers
Cambridge University cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
English cricketers
Ireland cricketers
English rugby union commentators
Staffordshire cricketers
People from High Peak, Derbyshire
Cricketers from Derbyshire


Cyclecraft () is a British cycling skills manual written by John Franklin and now published by The Stationery Office. It is the foundation of Bikeability, the UK's national standard for cycle training. Its author, John Franklin works as a cycle safety consultant and is registered as an expert witness on cycling matters including cycling on roads, design of cycling facilities, cycling accidents and cycle helmets.  Franklin prefers a vehicular cycling approach, believing that with appropriate training, cyclists of abilities are able to ride safely on most roads, and he advises readers that segregated cycle tracks may present additional risks, particularly near junctions.

The book was first published by Unwin Books in 1988, the first Stationery Office edition was in 1997 and the latest revision was published in 2014.  In this edition the scope of the book was extended from its original remit — skilled cycling techniques for adults — to cover cyclists of all ages.

According to The Independent, it “offers a comprehensive discussion of the techniques of cycling — basic techniques, like how to steer and use your gears properly, along with the more elusive skills of positioning yourself in traffic, and anticipating aggressive or inattentive motorists.”

Cyclecraft has traditionally been highly regarded by cycling organisations, though individuals and groups campaigning for segregated cycle tracks tend to be critical of Franklin's views.

North American edition
Franklin has authored a North American edition of Cyclecraft (), published in June 2009. This edition deals with United States and Canadian laws and cycling on the right side of the road. This edition has been endorsed by the League of American Bicyclists and the Canadian Cycling Association.

References

External links
 Official website

Sources
 Cycle Touring & Campaigning (CTC)
 Reviews excerpted

Cycling books
1988 non-fiction books
Cycling safety
Vehicular cycling


Yevgeni, Yevgeny, Yevgenii or Yevgeniy (), also transliterated as Evgeni, Evgeny, Evgenii, Evgeniy or Evgenij, is the Russian form of the masculine given name Eugene. People with the name include:
Note: Occasionally, a person may be in more than one section.

Arts and entertainment
Yevgeny Aryeh (1947–2022), Israeli theater director, playwright, scriptwriter and set designer
Yevgeni Bauer (1865–1917), Russian film director and screenwriter
Yevgeni Grishkovetz (born 1967), Russian writer, dramatist, stage director and actor
Evgeny Kissin (born 1971), Russian pianist
Yevgeny Leonov (1926–1994), Soviet and Russian actor
Yevgeni Mokhorev (born 1967), Russian photographer
Evgeny Mravinsky (1903–1988), Russian conductor
Evgeny Svetlanov (1928–2002), Russian conductor
Yevgeni Urbansky (1932–1965), Soviet Russian actor
Yevgeniy Yevstigneyev (1926–1992), Soviet and Russian actor
Yevgeny Yevtushenko (1933–2017), Soviet and Russian poet
Yevgeny Zamyatin (1884–1937), Russian author of political satire and science fiction

Evgeny Zharikov (1941–2012), Soviet and Russian actor
Eugene Abdukhanov (born 1987), Ukrainian musician

Chess
Evgeny Bareev (born 1966), Russian-Canadian chess grandmaster
Evgeny Gleizerov (born 1963), Russian chess grandmaster
Evgeny Shtembuliak (born 1999), Ukrainian chess grandmaster
Evgeny Tomashevsky (born 1987), Russian chess grandmaster

Sports
Evgeny Alexandrov (born 1982), Russian ice hockey player
Yevgeni Balyaikin (born 1988), Russian footballer
Evgeni Berzin (born 1970), Russian bicycle road racer
Evgeny Busygin (born 1987), Russian ice hockey player
Yevgeni Bushmanov (born 1971), retired Russian football player
Yevgeni Dolgov (born 1969), Soviet and Russian retired football player
Yevgeny Kafelnikov (born 1974), Russian retired tennis player
Evgeni Karpoukhine (born 1973), Russian judoka
Yevgeni Kharlachyov (born 1974), Russian retired football player
Yevgeni Korablyov (born 1978), Russian footballer
Evgeny Korolev (born 1988), Kazakh tennis player
Yevgeni Kulik (born 1993), Russian ice hockey player
Evgeny Kuznetsov (born 1992), Russian ice hockey player
Yevgeni Kuznetsov (born 1983), Russian footballer
Evgeny Lapenkov (born 1984), Russian ice hockey player
Yevgeny Lapinsky (1942–1999), Soviet Olympic champion volleyball player
Yevgeni Makeyev (born 1989), Russian football player
Evgeni Malkin (born 1986), Russian ice hockey player in the National Hockey League
Yevgeni Malkov (born 1988), Russian football player
Yevgeny Maskinskov (1930–1985), Soviet athlete who competed mainly in the 50 kilometre walk
Yevgeni Matyugin (born 1981), Moldovan international footballer
Yevgeni Mayorov (1938–1997), ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League
Yevgeni Minaev (1933–1993), Russian former weightlifter
Yevgeni Mishakov (1941–2007), retired ice hockey player
Evgeni Nabokov (born 1975), retired goalie in the National Hockey League
Evgeni Plushenko (born 1982), Russian figure skater and four-time Olympic medalist
Yevgeni Safonov (born 1977), Uzbekistan national team football player
Yevgeni Sidorov (born 1956), Soviet and Russian retired football player and current manager
Evgenii Tiurnev (born 1997), Russian tennis player
Yevgeni Trefilov (born 1955), Russian team handball coach
Yevgeni Varlamov (born 1975), Russian retired football player
Yevgeni Yatchenko (born 1986), Russian footballer
Yevgeni Zimin (1947–2018), retired ice hockey player
Evgeni Semenenko (born 2003), Russian figure skater

Other
 Yevgeny Chuplinsky, prolific Russian serial killer
 Yevgeny Kaspersky (born 1965), Russian information security expert and entrepreneur
 Evgeny Lebedev, Russian-born British newspaper publisher
 Evgeny Lifshitz, Russian theoretical physicist
 Evgeny Morozov (born 1984), Belarusian journalist
 Yevgeni Nikolayev (1921–1990), Soviet World War II colonel and Hero of the Soviet Union
 Yevgeni Pakhomov (1880–1965), Russian, Georgian and Azerbaijani numismatist and archaeologist
 Evgeny Paton (1870–1953), Ukrainian and Soviet engineer
 Evgeny Perlin (born 1990), Belarusian journalist and television presenter
 Yevgeni Preobrazhensky (1886–1937), Old Bolshevik, an economist and a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
 Yevgeny Prigozhin (1961–2023), Russian oligarch and founder of Wagner Group
 Yevgeny Shaposhnikov (1942–2020), Soviet marshal and last Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union

Russian masculine given names
Masculine given names


The Brother Speed Motorcycle Club is an American outlaw motorcycle club that was formed in Boise, Idaho in 1969, and is active in Idaho, Washington,  and Oregon. It once was referred to by the Oregon Department of Justice as one of the nine "motorcycle clubs" active in their state.

Organization
There are thought to be 100–300 Brother Speed members with chapters in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho.

History
Brother Speed was established by a group of high school friends who enjoyed riding together. The friends noticed an increase in motorcycles in the area and decided to run a newspaper ad looking for anyone interested in starting a club. A meeting was organized with approximately 20 people attending. A few weeks after the first meeting, the group came up with the name, "Brother Speed." The club's center patch is a winged skull with a cap, goggles, and scarf. Brother Speed's "colors" are black and gold.

During the 1970s, the Brother Speed in Boise applied to the Oakland, California chapter of the Hells Angels for permission to join the Angels. The Oakland club sent a representative to Idaho to assess the Brother Speed's suitability for membership, who recommended that the Brothers not be accepted into the Hells Angels. The reason why the Brother Speed was denied membership in the Hells Angels is unknown.

The Brother Speed has allegedly associated with the Hells Angels, the Outsiders, and the Devils Breed in order to acquire precursor chemicals used in the manufacture of methamphetamine. The Brother Speed chapter in Reno, Nevada, in collusion with the Hells Angels' Sacramento, California chapter and California Nomads chapter, has reportedly used twin-engine airplanes to transport drugs between northern California and Nevada. The Brothers Speed in Idaho have allegedly been involved in sending methamphetamine, sealed inside the frames of motorcycles, to the Rebels in Sydney, Australia.

Fearing that their operations would be taken over by the Hells Angels, the Brother Speed strengthened by beginning an alliance with the Bandidos of Texas in the early 1990s. The club has purchased illegal weapons from members of the Aryan Nations in northern Idaho. Brother Speed members have also assembled fully-automatic stun guns after ordering parts.

In 2006, a member was sentenced to 21 years for distributing methamphetamine and lying about it in court. In 2005, federal and local officers raided the then Brother Speed clubhouse where it was believed many of the meth transactions had occurred. It was believed that the member was a major leader in a large meth trafficking ring.

On 19 September 2009, up to 26 motorcycles ridden by members of the Brother Speed motorcycle club were involved in a motorcycle crash on Interstate 5 near Wilsonville, Oregon. The crash inflicted serious injuries on two of the bikers, sent ten to the hospital, and closed off that portion of I-5 for four hours. One of the critically injured Brother Speed members improved and was released from the hospital; the other died as a result of injuries sustained in the crash.

In April 2012, two members of Brother Speed were arrested on suspicion of harassment, menacing, reckless driving and recklessly endangering another person. After chasing a car in Eugene, Oregon, they were reportedly hitting the car with their hands and a metal hook attached to a leather leash.
In May 2012, five of the Idaho Falls members of Brother Speed, attacked two members of Pocatello's Empties motorcycle club at a gathering for child who was suffering from cancer, nearly 400 bikers having gathered that Saturday to grant Johnson's wish to participate in a motorcycle rally.

See also
 List of outlaw motorcycle clubs

References

External links

Organizations established in 1969
1969 establishments in Idaho
Organizations based in Boise, Idaho
Outlaw motorcycle clubs
Motorcycle clubs in the United States


Santa Bárbara is one of five parishes (administrative divisions) in San Martín del Rey Aurelio, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is  in size, with a population of 533 (INE 2005).

Villages and hamlets

Parishes in San Martín del Rey Aurelio


God of This City is an album by contemporary Christian band Bluetree. It was released on March 3, 2009 and charted at No. 103 on the Billboard 200. It is essentially a restyled and edited version of the band's debut release Greater Things.

Track listing
 "Life's Noise" (Aaron Boyd) – 7:30
 "God's Plan" (Boyd) – 4:35
 "For You" (Boyd) – 5:06
 "God of This City" (Bluetree) – 7:09
 "Your Love" (Boyd) – 6:37
 "Each Day" (Boyd) – 4:07
 "When I Survey" (Isaac Watts / Lowell Mason) – 5:02
 "Oh My God" (Boyd) – 1:03
 "River" (Boyd) – 7:25
 "Who Has Held?" (Boyd) – 5:11
 "Burn Me Up" (Boyd) – 5:40
 "Standing Out" (Boyd / Richard Bleakley) – 4:56
 "Your Love (Strings Mix)" (Boyd) – 6:18

Personnel
 Aaron Boyd – lead vocals, guitar
 Peter Kernoghan – DJ loops
 Ian Jordan – piano, synthesizers
 Rick Bleakley – lead guitar, backing vocals
 Andrew McCann – bass guitar
 Peter Comfort – drums

References

2009 debut albums
Bluetree albums


"Little Girl" is a 1985 pop song performed by German singer Sandra. It was composed by Michael Cretu, Hubert Kemmler (known as Hubert Kah), and Markus Löhr to lyrics written by Klaus Hirschburger. Cretu also produced the track. The song was released as the third and final single from Sandra's debut album The Long Play in early 1986. It did not repeat the commercial success of the two previous singles, but still managed to reach the top 3 in Greece, the top 10 in Italy and the top 20 in Germany and Switzerland. It also reached no. 12 and no. 13 on the German and Austrian airplay charts, respectively.

Music video
The music video was directed by Mike Stiebel and filmed in Venice, Italy in early 1986. It begins with Sandra strolling across a columbarium, stopping in front of a plaque of a girl named Angela Venezia who died in 1797. The plaque is decorated with the girl's portrait and a Venetian mask. Sandra sees the ghost of that girl by a canal and is then haunted by her, seeing her image and the mask in a restaurant, a postcard stand, an antique shop, and other places she visits. When the ghost of the girl appears to her again, she follows it, but is lured into a secluded courtyard where she finds herself surrounded by a group of ghosts wearing carnival masks. Scared, the singer runs away and in the final scene comes across the little girl again.

The clip was included in Sandra's VHS video compilations Ten on One (The Singles) and 18 Greatest Hits, released in 1987 and 1992, respectively, as well as the 2003 DVD The Complete History.

Formats and track listings
 7" single
A. "Little Girl" – 3:11
B. "Sisters and Brothers" – 3:23

 12" single
A. "Little Girl" (Extended Version) – 5:09
B. "Sisters and Brothers" – 3:23

Charts

References

External links
 "Little Girl" at Discogs
 The official Sandra YouTube channel

1985 songs
1986 singles
Sandra (singer) songs
Song recordings produced by Michael Cretu
Songs written by Hubert Kemmler
Songs written by Klaus Hirschburger
Songs written by Markus Löhr
Songs written by Michael Cretu
Virgin Records singles


The Head of the Sakha Republic (; ) is the highest office in the Sakha Republic. The term of office is five years.

History
The office was first introduced in 1991. Before April 2014 it was known as the President of the Sakha Republic.

The first presidential elections in Yakutia were on 20 December 1991. Yakutia inherited the Soviet electoral system with no real multi-party system to be established. There were only two candidates in the election. The chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Yakut ASSR Mikhail Nikolayev won with 76.7% of the vote. Nikolayev was reelected in 1996 and succeeded by his former vice president Vyacheslav Shtyrov in January 2002. Five years later Shtyrov's appointment for second term which was proposed by President Vladimir Putin was approved by the State Assembly of Yakutia. After his resignation in May 2010 President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev appointed prime minister of the region Yegor Borisov as acting president. He was inaugurated on 17 June 2010. Since the beginning of Borisov's second term in 2014 the President of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) became known as the Head of the Republic.

List of office-holders

The most recent election for the office was held on 9 September 2018.

Notes

References

External links
 glava.sakha.gov.ru – official web portal of the Head of the Sakha Republic

Politics of the Sakha Republic
Sakha Republic


Keristan may refer to:
Kerista, a religion
Keristan, Iran, a village


"Waverly Hills, 9-0-2-1-D'oh", or "Waverly Hills 9-0-2-1-(Annoyed Grunt)", is the nineteenth episode of the twentieth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 3, 2009.

Plot
Marge is out jogging one morning and discovers a booth offering free samples of "Science Water". After consuming too many free samples, she desperately searches for a public toilet, finding one in Springfield Elementary School. Afterwards, she walks through the halls and is appalled to discover that Springfield Elementary is the worst school in the state, replete with apathetic teachers and overcrowded classrooms. Marge and Homer, concerned for their children's future, decide to rent an apartment in the upscale Waverly Hills school district so Lisa and Bart can attend a better school. Waverly Hills is an obvious nod to Beverly Hills. Lisa and Bart are thrilled at the prospect of a fresh start. Bart, eager to establish his reputation as a "bad boy", is shackled and led away by Chief Wiggum, leaving the other students in awe. Once away from Waverly Hills Elementary, though, it is revealed that Chief Wiggum "arrested" Bart as a favor, if Bart promises to attend Ralph Wiggum's birthday party, although he forgets to go to the party, and gets in trouble with Chief Wiggum.  Meanwhile, Lisa is having difficulty making friends, and actually gets a B+ on a test. Bart, noticing his sister's gloomy mood, lies to several popular school girls that Lisa is a friend of an immensely popular teen singer named Alaska Nebraska (voiced by Elliot Page). Marge and Homer learn that they will be visited by a school inspector to confirm that the Waverly Hills apartment is indeed the residence of Lisa and Bart, so Homer moves in and befriends two college boys.

Homer adopts a bachelor lifestyle, playing videogames and attending parties with his newfound college friends, and he and Marge begin to act as though they were newly dating. Lisa has become popular with several of her classmates, but only because they want backstage passes to an upcoming Alaska Nebraska concert. Lisa sneaks into Alaska's dressing room and pleads her case, but Alaska is unsympathetic and Lisa is removed from the venue by security. She admits to her fair-weather friends that she was not Alaska Nebraska's friend, and the girls chase her, but she loses them.

Meanwhile, the ominous school inspector visits Homer's Waverly Hills apartment. Homer and Marge frantically lay out toys and Krusty the Clown dolls in an effort to convince the inspector that the children live there. While he is getting inside, he uses a captive bolt pistol to shoot out the lock. He concludes that the apartment is the residence of the Simpson children, but admits that he was "hoping to kill [Homer and Marge] and make it look like a suicide." Lisa and Bart, however, plead to return to Springfield Elementary.  Lisa in particular wishes to return, because she would rather "be ostracized for being me, not who I pretend to be." Marge and Homer concur, but wistfully state that they will miss their "love nest" apartment. The episode concludes with Homer and Marge using the backyard treehouse as their new love nest, much to Bart's chagrin, but he soon changes his mind when Homer threatens to ground him.

Cultural references
The episode title is based on the Fox series Beverly Hills, 90210.

When stating that she would love to attend elementary school in Waverly Hills, even only for a week, Lisa says that "tis better to have learned and lost than never to have learned at all", which is inspired by the famous quote from In Memoriam A.H.H. by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "tis better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all".

In the first scene, the company 'ScienceWater' is a parody of VitaminWater.

A reworded version of Weezer's "Beverly Hills" plays during a montage of Waverly Hills and the end credits. Alaska Nebraska is a parody of Hannah Montana, but the character's mannerisms are similar to those of Elliot Page's role in Juno. The city inspector is based on Anton Chigurh from the 2007 film No Country for Old Men. In his apartment Homer is shown to have two consoles, Wii and the Xbox 360 on which Homer plays Halo. There is also a painting which looks similar to the canvas Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue by Piet Mondrian.

A scene from the episode, in which Ralph "teaches" the class after Miss Hoover is granted tenure, is featured in the documentary Waiting for "Superman".

When Chief Wiggum "arrests" Bart for the second time, when Bart failed to show up for Ralph's birthday party, he cites a parody of  the Miranda Rights:  "You have the right to be delighted. If you do not have a gift, one will be provided for you."

Lisa states "L'école, c'est moi" (I am the school, based on the quote "L'état, c'est moi" (I am the state) by King Louis XIV of France).

Milhouse and Homer sing "Stand by Me".

Reception
Robert Canning of IGN gave the episode an 8.8/10, calling it the best episode in season 20.

The episode received a total of 6.75 million viewers, making it the most-watched Fox show of the night. "Waverly Hills 9-0-2-1-D'oh" got 18-49 ratings/share and won its timeslot.

References

External links

The Simpsons (season 20) episodes
2009 American television episodes
Weezer


The Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan (,  Bashqortostan Respublikahï Bashlïghï - before 1 January 2015 the title was called President [Президенты, Prezidentï]) is the highest executive position in the Republic of Bashkortostan, a federal subject of the Russian Federation. The Head is the republic's regional head of state and head of government.

The Head of Bashkortostan is appointed for a five-year term and must be a citizen of the Russian Federation who is at least thirty years old.

The first President of Bashkortostan was Murtaza Rakhimov, who has held the office from 12 December 1993. He was re-elected twice—on June 4, 1998 and on 21 December 2003. The election procedure was abolished in 2006, when Rakhimov was appointed President by the Bashkortostan Kurultai according to the recommendation of the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin.

Since 11 October 2018 the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan is Radiy Khabirov.

Status and powers
The Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan is considered the leader of the Republic; he heads the Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan represents the Republic of Bashkortostan in the relations with the President of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council and the State Duma of the Russian Federation’s Federal Assembly, other federal government bodies, government bodies of the Russian Federation’s subjects, governmental bodies of the Republic of Bashkortostan, local self-government bodies, public communities, other organizations and functionaries, including execution of international and external economic relations.

The term of office of the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan is five years. The status and powers of the Head are fixed by the federal laws in accordance with the Constitution of Russian Federation, the Constitution of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the laws of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The Head of the  Republic of Bashkortostan guarantees realization of human rights and liberties, protects economic and political interests of the Republic of Bashkortostan and maintains the law and order on its territory.

The Head of the Republic also determines the main directions in the socio-economic development of the republic, forms the Republican Government and guides its activities, appoints the Prime-Minister and makes the decisions concerning the dismissal of the republic's government.

The Head also appoints and dismisses the heads of and determines the structure of the republican executive power bodies, the plenipotentiaries of the Republic of Bashkortostan under the public authorities of Russian Federation, the subjects of Russian Federation, in the subjects of foreign federal states and in the administrative-territorial units of foreign states.

The Head can also introduce bills to the State Council-Kurultay-RB, promulgates the laws of the republic or defeats them, introduces the programs on social-economic development RB to the State Council-Kurultay-RB, the report about situation in the Republic and appeals to the State Council-Kurultay-RB.

The Head RB introduces the candidatures to the office of the Chairman, the deputy Chairman, the judges of the Constitutional Court RB, the ombudsman for human rights in Republic of Bashkortostan, the Chairman of the Audit and Accounts Chamber RB, representatives of public communities in the qualifications collegium of judges RB and the candidatures to the Justices of Peace.

The Head RB appoints the members of the Central Electoral Commission RB within the limits of his powers.

The Head RB signs contracts and agreements on behalf of the Republic of Bashkortostan, establishes the Administration of the Head RB and forms the interdepartmental Public Security Council RB.

The Head RB rewards citizens RB with the state awards RB and with the honorable and other ranks of Republic of Bashkortostan.

The Head RB accomplishes other powers in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the federal laws, the Law RB “The Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan” and other laws RB.

In those cases, when the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan can't provisionally fulfill his duties (because of either illness or leave), these duties are fulfilled by the Prime-Minister of the Government RB. The powers of the Head RB cannot be used for either dissolution or abeyance of the activity of the elected government bodies, except the cases, provided for the Federal Law and the Constitution RB

Changing the federal government job titles
In December 2010 Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed a law that forbade calling heads of subjects of the Russian Federation as presidents. Regions must bring their constitutions or statutes in conformity with the law adopted before January 1, 2015.

On 27 February 2014, deputies of the Kurultay in the third and final reading approved amendments to the local Constitution, which proposed to rename the post of "president" to "head of the Republic of Bashkortostan" ("bashlygy" in the local language).

The changes took effect on 1 January 2015.

There is an opinion that the change of title was unconstitutional.

Heads (Presidents)

The latest election for the office was held on 8 September 2019

Timeline

References

Notes

Sources

External links

 Interactive tour to Head of Bashkortostan

Politics of Bashkortostan
Bashkortostan


Miodrag () is a South Slavonic, for all purposes almost exclusively Serbian, masculine given name, derived from mio ("tender, cute") and drag ("dear, beloved"), both common in Slavonic dithematic names. It may refer to:

Miodrag Anđelković, Serbian footballer
Miodrag Belodedici, Romanian football central defender
Miodrag Božović, Montenegrin football manager and former player
Miodrag Bulatović, Montenegrin Serb novelist and playwright
Miodrag Džudović, Montenegrin footballer
Miodrag "Skale" Gvozdenović, Montenegrin volleyball player
Miodrag Ješić, Serbian footballer and football manager
Miodrag Jovanović (footballer born 1922), Serbian footballer
Miodrag Jovanović (footballer born 1977), Serbian footballer
Miodrag Koljević, Montenegrin diplomat in Russian Federation
Miodrag Kojadinović, Serbian-Canadian writer and researcher
Miodrag Krivokapić (actor), Serbian actor
Miodrag Krivokapić (footballer), Montenegrin former footballer
Miodrag Kustudic, Serbian football player of Montenegrin origin
Miodrag Pantelić, Serbian football midfielder
Miodrag Pavlović, Serbian poet
Miodrag Perišić, Serbian politician (Democratic Party in Serbia)
Miodrag Petković, professor in mathematics at the University of Niš
Miodrag Petrović (footballer), Yugoslav footballer
Miodrag Petrović Čkalja, Serbian actor and comedian
Miodrag B. Protić, Serbian painter
Miodrag Radović, Yugoslavian professional footballer
Miodrag Radulovacki, Serbian-Unitedstatesian scientist
Miodrag Simović, Judge of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Miodrag Stošić, Serbian football player
Miodrag Stojkovic, Serbian researcher in genetics
Miodrag Todorcevic, Serbian-French chess master and coach
Miodrag Tomić, Serbian fighter pilot
Miodrag Vlahović, President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro 1984 to 1985
Miodrag Vlahović (foreign minister), Montenegrin politician
Miodrag Živaljević, former Serbian striker
Miodrag Živković (politician), Montenegrin politician (Liberal Party of Montenegro)

See also
Dragomir

Slavic masculine given names
Serbian masculine given names
Montenegrin masculine given names
Croatian masculine given names
Masculine given names
Macedonian masculine given names
Slovene masculine given names