Carlos García Cantarero (born 4 November 1961) is a Spanish football manager.

García Cantarero managed Atlético Madrid, Levante and Elche in Segunda División, as well as four teams in Segunda División B. Later, he coached extensively in Central America, including two years as national manager of Puerto Rico.

Career
Born in Madrid, García Cantarero began his career with UD San Sebastián de los Reyes, where he helped the side achieve promotion to Segunda División B in 1998. He later managed CP Amorós and fellow league teams CD Lugo and Atlético Madrid B. On 30 April 2001, he succeeded the sacked Marcos Alonso as manager of the latter's first team, who were seven points off the promotion places having been relegated to the Segunda División. He had previously worked as an author and journalist.

García Cantarero was the responsible of giving Fernando Torres his professional debut on 27 May 2001, in a 1–0 home win over neighbours CD Leganés. He won six and drew one of his seven league fixtures, and also oversaw a 2–1 aggregate loss to Real Zaragoza in the Copa del Rey semi-finals.

After the appointment of Luis Aragonés at the Vicente Calderón Stadium, García Cantarero returned to the B-team. He bounced back to the second division on 2 February 2002, taking the helm of Levante UD for the rest of the season. The campaign ended with relegation, but the Valencian team's place was retained due to the administrative relegation of Real Burgos CF; he was dismissed on 19 May 2003 after hopes of promotion were extinguished. He

García Cantarero began the 2003–04 season in the same league with Elche CF, and was ousted by the board on 15 December. For 2004–05, he returned to the third tier with Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa, but was dismissed in February 2005 with the team 11 points off the play-offs, and agreed with the cash-strapped club that his payout be in instalments into the next year.

In 2006, García Cantarero accepted his first foreign job with Chorrillo F.C. in Panama. He returned home in July 2008, in an attempt to get Torrellano CF into the Tercera División.

García Cantarero returned to Central America in March 2009 with Alianza F.C. from El Salvador, and was sacked in May after the team was confined to a relegation play-off. He was appointed at Antequera CF, newly relegated to Spain's fourth tier, in June 2009, but was dismissed before the end of the calendar year for not meeting the aims of challenging for promotion.

In February 2010, García Cantarero crossed the Atlantic again to lead Juventud Retalteca, last-placed in Guatemala's top flight, and the following year took the reins at CD Victoria in Honduras. Following a return to Panama with C.D. Plaza Amador and Chorrillo again, he was appointed as national manager of Puerto Rico in June 2016. After two years in the hotseat, he was replaced by former Honduran international Amado Guevara.

References

External links

1961 births
Living people
Spanish football managers
CD Lugo managers
Segunda División managers
Segunda División B managers
Atlético Madrid B managers
Atlético Madrid managers
Levante UD managers
Elche CF managers
Antequera CF managers
Spanish expatriate football managers
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Guatemala
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Panama
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Puerto Rico
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in El Salvador
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Honduras
Expatriate football managers in Panama
Expatriate football managers in El Salvador
Expatriate football managers in Guatemala
Expatriate football managers in Honduras
Expatriate football managers in Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico national football team managers
UD San Sebastián de los Reyes managers


Summi may refer to :

Summi maeroris is one of several peace encyclicals of Pope Pius XII focusing in particular on the dangers to peace during the Holy Year.
Summi Pontificatus is an encyclical of Pope Pius XII published on October 20, 1939.


The CPBL MVP of the Year Award is an annual award given to one outstanding player of Chinese Professional Baseball League. The Award has been given since 1993.

List of winners

See also
Baseball awards#Taiwan (Republic of China): Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL)

References

Chinese Professional Baseball League lists
Chinese Professional Baseball League awards
Cpbl


The Croat noble called by the French Jean Frangipani was sent by the agents of Francis I of France as ambassador to the Sublime Porte, following the Battle of Pavia (February 1525) which had been a disaster for the French. With the King of France imprisoned in Madrid, Frangipani was commissioned to carry an official letter encouraging Suleiman the Magnificent to attack the Emperor Charles V. The response he received was the opening of the long-standing Franco-Ottoman alliance. Francis's return letter was carried by another.

Though François-Emmanuel Guignard comte de Saint-Priest and Charles Henri Auguste Schefer set Jean Frangipani at the head of their exhaustive list of French ambassadors and ministers at the Ottoman court under the Ancien Régime, they admit that nothing is known of his figure save that he found himself in Hungary with the Ottoman forces at the time of Pavia.
Jean Frangipani's relation to the medieval Frangipani nobles of Rome is unknown.

See also
 Frankopan

Notes

Croatian nobility
16th-century Croatian people


Shanghu is a former city of China.

A burst fascine there shifted the course of the Yellow River north towards modern Tianjin in 1048. The damage occasioned by the 1034 flood had not yet been repaired, and the new flood was even worse, reducing the income of the rich northern provinces to one-fifth their pre-1034 level.

See also
 1048 Yellow River flood

Notes

References

Ancient Chinese cities


The Ross River Meatworks Chimney is a heritage-listed abattoir at Stuart Drive, Idalia, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It is the 11th tallest structure in Townsville. It was built as part of the Ross River Meatworks in 1891 William McCallum Park and is now a major landmark as part of Fairfield Waters and part of Lancinis Springbank urban village. It was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 14 August 2009.

History
The Ross River Meatworks was established by the Queensland Meat Export and Agency Company during 1891-1892 as the first purpose-built meat freezing works in Queensland. Located on the banks of Ross River in suburban Townsville, the  high brick chimney remains the principal surviving evidence of an important meatworks in Queensland during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. The only Queensland meatworks from this era still in operation is at Lakes Creek, near Rockhampton, established in 1871 for the production of canned beef before shifting to frozen beef for export in the 1880s. Its early brick chimney has not survived.

Although the wool industry was the impetus for early pastoral activity in Queensland, cattle soon proved better suited to the wetter conditions in northern areas. However, early development of a Queensland cattle industry was hindered by the lack of a sufficiently large market for fresh beef. In the 1860s excess stock were disposed of by selling to other graziers or to boiling down works.

Ports to service the new pastoral runs being taken up in northern and far north-western Queensland in the early 1860s were established at Port Denison (Bowen) in 1861 and Cleveland Bay (Townsville) in 1864, with Cleveland Bay declared a Port of Entry in 1865. Entrepreneur and businessman Robert Towns (after whom Townsville is named) and his business partner John Melton Black founded the settlement at Cleveland Bay to supply their pastoral leases in the hinterland.

By the mid-1860s, drought and recession had led to a collapse in the pastoral industry in north Queensland. In order to salvage some profit, squatters turned to the boiling down of sheep and cattle for tallow (for candles and soap). Hoofs and horns were utilised for oil, and hides for leather. In 1864 a number of small-scale boiling down works were established on pastoral properties in the Kennedy and gulf districts, but the boiling down industry became more professional in 1866, when Towns & Co. opened a boiling down plant at Cleveland Bay, and Morehead & Young, partners in the Scottish Australian Pastoral Company, opened a similar operation on the Albert River where the settlement of Burketown had been established in 1865. Neither of these establishments survived for any length of time. At Cleveland Bay, the Queensland Meat Export Company established a meatworks south of Townsville on Alligator Creek in 1879, using some of the equipment from Towns' factory.

Following the discovery of gold at Charters Towers in 1871, a railway from Townsville to the goldfield was constructed between 1879 and 1882. The first trains carried both gold and wool from local graziers back to the port of Townsville. Demand led to the approval of a western extension to Hughenden to service the cattle grazing industry. The Northern Railway opened in 1887 and soon became the most profitable in Queensland as graziers took up land along its route. During the 1870s the increase in population at newly opened Queensland gold fields, particularly on the Palmer River, provided a ready market for beef. By the end of the decade there was an oversupply. Following the drought of 1884-1886 cattle were driven overland to southern markets, but droving costs led to a huge reduction in profitability. There was a need to establish a processing industry in north Queensland to supply meat for an export market. Frozen meat proved to be the solution.

Australian experimentation with meat-freezing works and the fitting out of refrigerated ships to carry frozen meat to Britain was initiated in Sydney and Melbourne, with mixed results. Refinements in processing and shipping led to a successful shipment in 1880. The Central Queensland Meat Export Company's works at Lakes Creek installed freezing equipment in 1883, but was burnt down shortly after. A meat freezing works was established at Poole Island off Bowen in 1884, but its first shipment was lost in a tornado. In 1889 the North Queensland Meat Export Company restarted the Alligator Creek works, initially for boiling down and preserving, and later utilising the freezing equipment from Poole Island.

In November 1890 the Queensland Meat and Export Agency Company formed with the intention of establishing purpose-built meat freezing works at Townsville and in Brisbane. By February 1891, following the subscription of shares, it was decided to proceed with construction of a meatworks at Townsville. Plans were made for a second works at Eagle Farm in Brisbane mid year. A contract was entered into with the British India Steam Navigation Company to transport the meat to Britain.

Six acres (2.43ha) of land on the banks of Ross River were acquired from the Idalia Land Company in August 1891 and twenty-five acres (10.12ha) of crown land were allocated nearby for drafting yards. A short branch line to the railway linked the works with the wharves. Construction began in September 1891 under the supervision of contractor William McCallum Park. By late September the site was laid out, concrete foundations were in place and construction of workers cottages had commenced. A light tramway was built to haul sand for the concrete from the riverbank. The works was to be steam-driven, necessitating the construction of a huge brick chimney. The foundations for the chimney consisted of a square of concrete built  deep to support the  tall brick superstructure. The bricks were baked on site.

The Ross River Meatworks Chimney was one of at least 30 nineteenth century industrial brick chimneys in the Townsville region (extending north to Ingham, south to the Burdekin River and west to Cloncurry), marking the sites of steam-driven pyrites works, batteries, mines, sawmills, brick works, water works, soap works, breweries, meat works and sugar mills. Most were the work of highly skilled bricklayers. The chimneys took a variety of forms, including square, round and hexagonal. Some round or hexagonal chimneys were constructed on square plinths, as at the Ross River Meatworks. They were markers of the steam age in nineteenth century Queensland. The Ross River Meatworks Chimney is the only surviving nineteenth century brick chimney in the immediate Townsville area. Regionally, the 1889 brick chimney at the former Burdekin River Pumping Station at Charters Towers (Burdekin River Pumping Station) also survives.

Despite on-going industrial action by carpenters and bricklayers, the Ross River Meatworks began operation on 28 June 1892. The plant was coal powered, with six Babcock and Wilcox 96-horsepower safety tubular boilers supplying steam for the various engines. Cattle and sheep were processed separately. An overhead tramway transported the carcases to a cooling room, then into the freezing, canning or preserving rooms. In the freezing room, the two compound engines could produce 400 horsepower each and each machine could circulate 170,000 cubic feet of air per hour. The freezing and cold storage building was about  square and two storeys high. The refrigeration machinery was a combination of Bell-Coleman and Haslam machines, which circulated cold air and removed moisture and impure air at the same time. Electric lighting powered by a Crompton dynamo was installed by Barton and White electrical engineers - 31 years prior to the provision of public electric lighting in Townsville. In August 1892 the Ross River meatworks was inspected by New Zealand industry experts, who described the works as "superior to any in the colony - actively engaged in the meat export trade".

The company had a difficult time in its first year of production and initial shipments of meat from Townsville were unsuccessful. Transport from Ross River was problematic with the meat taken by rail to the Townsville wharf, then loaded aboard a lighter, and reloaded for shipping to London. It is unclear which part of the process failed, but the first shipment arrived in London in early December 1892 in a putrid state. At the same time the directors had taken out further loans because of numerous unforeseen expenses in the construction of both meatworks. The next shipment to reach England in mid-January included meat from the company's recently opened Eagle Farm meatworks, but was partially spoilt. The 1893 Brisbane floods silted up the Brisbane River inhibiting coastal shipping and halting production from both meatworks for some time. Another shipment of Townsville meat which arrived in London in May was also found to be tainted. The company overcame its early problems and appointed a new director, William Forrest in January 1893. He soon became Chairman of the Board and is credited with turning the company into a successful enterprise.

The Meat and Dairy Produce Encouragement Act 1893 provided loans for meat and dairy works funded through a tax on sheep and cattle. The Queensland Meat and Export Agency Company applied for funds to duplicate and upgrade both the Townsville and Eagle Farms works. The agents for Linde British Refrigeration, J Wildridge and Sinclair Ltd, were contracted to undertake the extension projects. The £30,000 extension at Ross River doubled the freezing capacity. The four new store rooms could hold 200 tons each and the chilling room could hold 120 bullocks. Other additions included new engine and boiler houses, a fresh water reservoir and pumping station and additional slaughtering yards and pens. By the time the extensions were completed in April 1895, the meatworks was reported to have processed 50,000 head of cattle and 13,000 sheep since opening. An international study of the frozen meat trade, published in 1912, stated that the Townsville works of QME&A was the most up to date freezing works in existence in either hemisphere. It also had the largest capacity of any meatworks in Australasia at this time.

Ongoing upgrades ensured the best and most economic equipment and methodologies were employed. Even during the drought and the problems associated with ticks in the early 1900s, the Ross River Meatworks was producing more meat than any other establishment in Australasia. In 1901 the company purchased the works of the Burketown Meat Export Co. which operated as a canning works. In 1903 it began purchasing significant grazing properties in north Queensland to engage in fattening cattle and breeding. It contracted to supply beef to American forces based in the Philippines in 1898 and established a cold-storage warehouse in Singapore in 1903. Evidence given by the Eagle Farm manager Charles Ross to the Royal Commission into the Meat Industry in October 1912 indicated that Ross River was at that time processing 3000 cattle a week and new cold storage facilities were under construction. By 1915 the company restructured, forming two organisations - the Queensland Meat Export and Agency Co Ltd (QME&A) and Australia Stock Breeders Company Ltd.

During 1918-1919 there was a series of protracted strikes at the Ross River and Alligator Creek meatworks, which began with the workers' rejection of compulsory arbitration in favour of direct bargaining. They staged ongoing wildcat strikes and go-slow campaigns to achieve their aims. At the same time the companies wanted to remove a clause from employment contracts giving preference to union members, which they achieved for a short time, hiring returned servicemen in place of industrial activists. Support was then offered by the Queensland Rail Union and the Waterside Workers Federation and the strikes continued. By July 1919 the ongoing dispute degenerated to the point where riots occurred in Townsville with police firing shots to disperse the crowd of 1000 people who were protesting the imprisonment of strike leaders. This strike is regarded as one of the most ferocious in Australian history. In 1920 the Arbitration Court restored a modified union preference clause into the employment contracts.

By 1921, the beef export trade had collapsed because it was no longer receiving preferential treatment from the British government. Also the Navigation Act of 1921 prevented international ships from being used to carry local goods. The QME&A recorded its biggest loss of £80,000. The Eagle Farm works was mothballed in 1933 in the hope that beef prices would improve. It was demolished in 1938. In 1933, Ross River began exporting chilled beef. The establishment of the Australian Meat Board (AMB) in 1936 regulated the flow of meat to the overseas market and licensed suitable ships to ensure that the best quality meat reached the market. In 1937 the AMB allocated 82.25 per cent of the total Australian export of chilled meat to Queensland abattoirs.

While the Ross River meatworks had been the largest and most up to date during the 1910s, it was surpassed by other establishments in the following 40 years. Lakes Creek and the Brisbane Abattoirs had larger capacities by the 1950s. Ross River works were run down by then and suffered considerable losses in 1951 and 1954, due to prolonged industrial disputes, increasing wages, drought and government controls on exports. In 1955 the Vestey company bought the meatworks and began replacing old dilapidated buildings and introduced new killing and processing mechanised operations, reducing staff. In the late 1950s the works changed from coal-fired to oil-fired boilers with Lightfoot ammonia compressors. The change from coal to oil also negated the need for coal handlers. In 1961 a partnership was formed with the Angliss Group. Export markets changed from the United Kingdom to America during the 1960s and in more recent times to Japan, Korea and South East Asia. The meatworks remained the major employer in Townsville and by 1990 had a record year, processing 93,601 beasts, handling 27 percent of the north Queensland production. This result was achieved despite industrial action during 1990. However, a further downturn occurred as a consequence of the 1991-2 recession.

Demolition of the works
In 1992 Vestey sold the meatworks to Smorgon Consolidated Industries. During the early 1990s the Australian meat trade began exporting live meat but unions argued that the planned export of 500,000 head of cattle in 1995 was akin to exporting 150,000 jobs. Despite an unusual alliance between the union and animal liberation activists aimed at stopping the live meat trade, they were unsuccessful. Smorgon announced the closure of the Ross River meatworks in February 1995 arguing that the business was no longer profitable because of drought, live cattle exports and the falling Australian dollar, and it was part of a general divestment of company assets at the time. With the exception of the chimney and an office building, all other buildings and structures on the site were demolished in 1997.

In 1999 a scheme was proposed for a housing estate on the site, with the chimney a feature of planned parkland. At that time $58,000 was spent on sandblasting the chimney and stripping and restoring the metal strapping. The developer had planned to include the establishment of a small brewery alongside the chimney in the old office building, but this part of the project did not proceed and the former office building has been demolished.

Redevelopment
The Meatworks along with its  tall stack, stayed empty for two years until the land was bought by the developer of Fairfield waters, who looked upon the stack and the three gable buildings alongside it as something the public would like, had plans of turning the chimney as a public monument and three buildings into a brewery alongside the meatworks. But this never happened because reports showed the three old gable buildings were structurally damaged and were demolished before structure improvements were offered. The chimney which was the only sound feature on the site was left to remain.

In 2008, developer Lancini, was planning to demolish it so he could build a resort on the site, as an engineering report commissioned by Lancini Group found it was too unstable and old to preserve, but residents of Townsville didn't believe the report by Lancini Group and began a local fight to save the stack. Jenny Hanlon (Leader of the fight) gained support from the local community via Text to the Editor in the Townsville Bulletin newspaper. This forced ALP State Member Lindy Nelson-Carr to act. She then ordered a professional report into the stacks' structural integrity. The report found that the chimney could stay and there was a government fight over who would foot the bill. At the same time, Lindy Nelson-Carr put the chimney on the heritage list and the engineers of Heritage Queensland said it was perfect for the Heritage Register. The Chimney remains standing today and is surrounded by Point Corp's Springbank Urban village. The Chimney cost $200,000 to fix, but the Townsville City Council said it was worth it for the 120-year-old stack.

Description

The Ross River Meatworks Chimney stands on the south bank of the Ross River approximately  downstream from the south abutment of the Ross River Bridge in the suburb of Idalia in south Townsville. In 2009, the chimney stands in the north of a large, vacant residential subdivision, part of the Fairfield Waters development in south Townsville.

The chimney is a brick structure with an outer skin of red facebrick. It comprises a base and a tapering stack. The base is expressed as a plinth, square in plan and approximately  high. The stack, approximately  high, flares out at the top to take a plain, splayed, concrete crown.

The plinth is distinguished by a plain oversized cornice and the northwest, northeast and southeast faces are relieved by an indented rectangular mid-panel defined by a bevelled cement perimeter band. The plinth corners are tapered to take a decorative concrete moulded roll. The southwest face accommodates the arched opening to the base. This can be covered by a dropping counter-weighted heavy metal door. The northwest face of the plinth has bricks punched out about two-thirds the way up.

A lightning strap is dislodged at the top of the stack but remains fixed to the southeast face of the stack and plinth, terminating at the ground. Metal straps wrap around the stack at regular intervals. A  wide concrete drain runs along the southeast side of the plinth.

Two circular ( diameter) concrete upstands,  thick and  high, stand in line to the northwest.

A public walking/cycling track winds along the south bank of the Ross River and as it passes the chimney it is about  from the face of the plinth.

Heritage listing
Ross River Meatworks Chimney was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 14 August 2009 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.

The Ross River Meatworks Chimney is important surviving evidence of the link between north Queensland pastoralism and the development of frozen and chilled meat as an important export industry for Queensland. The landmark structure is associated with the first purpose-built meat freezing works in Queensland, which operated for over a century from 1892 to 1995, producing frozen and later chilled meat for the export market. In the early 1900s it had the largest capacity of any meatworks in Australasia. Proclaimed by independent observers as "superior to any in the colony" in 1892, and "the most up to date freezing works in either hemisphere" in 1912, the Ross River meatworks processed cattle and sheep from across northern Queensland, the Northern Territory and the Kimberley Ranges of Western Australia and exported meat worldwide. The meatworks was a major employer in Townsville, an important Queensland regional centre.

Located on a former railway line less than  from a major port, the chimney remains important evidence of how nineteenth century export industries were dependent on Queensland's early network of railways linked to ports and shipping that connected with world markets. It is also surviving evidence of the reliance of early Queensland industry on steam-driven power.

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.

The Ross River Meatworks Chimney consists of an  high firebox with a  high chimney stack, constructed from bricks made on site and mortar made with sand from the Ross River. It demonstrates a substantial level of intactness and a high degree of integrity. As the only remaining nineteenth century meatworks brick chimney in Queensland and one of few early industrial brick chimneys surviving in the Townsville region, it is important in illustrating the principal characteristics of its type.

The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.

The  high structure is prominent in the landscape of the Ross River floodplain as it has been since its construction in 1892. Through its intactness, integrity and magnitude, the chimney remains a landmark along the Flinders Highway (Stuart Drive).

See also

Ross River

References

Attribution

External links

Towers completed in 1891
Buildings and structures in Townsville
Chimneys in Australia
Queensland Heritage Register
City of Townsville
1891 establishments in Australia
Townsville
Industrial buildings in Queensland
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
Meat processing in Australia


Duet is an album by Muhal Richard Abrams featuring duet performances with Amina Claudine Myers, released on the Italian Black Saint label in 1981.

Reception
Critical views of the album have been mixed. The AllMusic review by Ron Wynn states: "This was an intense, yet also swinging, enjoyable session, one in which Abrams displayed the mastery of multiple genres that's distinguished his music, and Myers her distinctive mix of secular and spiritual elements". The Penguin Guide to Jazz awarded the album  stars, stating: "Retrospect hasn't changed our view that the two pianists simply get in each other's way". The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide called the album "a surprisingly lyrical and diverse encounter".

Track listing
All compositions by Muhal Richard Abrams except as indicated
 "Transparency of Lobo Lubu" - 9:55
 "Miss Amina" - 7:42
 "Swang Rag Swang" - 4:30
 "Down the Street from the Gene Ammons Public School" - 5:05
 "Journey Home as Seen Through the Fairness of Life" - 6:49
 "Dance from the East" (Amina Claudine Myers) - 6:00
 "One for Peggy" (Abrams, Myers) - 4:09
Recorded May 11 & 12, 1981 at Barigozzi Studio, Milano

Personnel
Muhal Richard Abrams – piano
Amina Claudine Myers – piano

References

1981 albums
Muhal Richard Abrams albums
Black Saint/Soul Note albums


Riazuddin, also spelled as Riaz-Ud-Din (Urdu: رياض الدين; 10 November 1930 – 9 September 2013), was a Pakistani theoretical physicist, specialising in high-energy physics and nuclear physics. Starting his scientific research in physics in 1958, Riazuddin was considered one of the early pioneers of Pakistan's nuclear weapons development and atomic deterrence development. He was the director of the Theoretical Physics Group (TPG) of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) from 1974 until 1984. Riazuddin was a pupil of the winner of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics, Abdus Salam.

Riazuddin carried out his research at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), PAEC, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and Daresbury Laboratory where he published papers in mathematics and physics. Riazuddin also played an important role in education in Pakistan, contributing to the rise of science in Pakistan. Riazuddin authored several scientific books on particle physics and quantum mechanics. Later in his life, he joined the National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) as a visiting professor of theoretical physics.

Biography

Early years
Riazuddin was born in a native Punjabi family in Ludhiana in British Punjab of the British Indian Empire in 1930. After the Partition of India, his family migrated to Pakistan in 1947 and settled in Lahore, West-Pakistan. He is the twin brother of physicist Fayyazuddin. At age 17, Riazuddin attended Punjab University, and took his BSc(Hons) in Mathematics under the supervision of Abdus Salam in 1951. Riazuddin also studied under the supervision of Abdus Salam at the Postgraduate level at Cambridge University. As a student of mathematics, he learned the advanced course on quantum mechanics under Abdus Salam, as he had made the course of quantum mechanics outside the regular curriculum. In 1951, Salam funded his scholarship, and helped him gain admission to the graduate school of Punjab University. In 1953, Salam supervised his MSc in applied mathematics where his master's dissertation dealt with fundamental concepts of mathematical physics. By the time he published his thesis in 1953, he received a Gold medal from the Punjab University for post-graduate contributions to physics and mathematics.

With the help of Salam, Riazuddin went to the United Kingdom on a scholarship and attended University of Cambridge. At Cambridge, he was awarded his PhD in Theoretical physics in 1959. Riazuddin's dissertation was written on "Charge Radius of Pion" which also covered many issues relevant to the field of quantum theory. Riazuddin returned to Pakistan where he joined Punjab University as an Associate professor. In 1968, Riazuddin was awarded the Gold Medal in Physical Sciences for scientists under 40 years of age by the Pakistan Academy of Sciences.

Academic career
Riazuddin had joined Punjab University in 1959 as an associate professor of Mathematics. Four years later, he travelled to the United States for a fellowship awarded by Norman March and Michael Duff. He became a research associate professor at the University of Rochester where he stayed until 1965. The same year, he joined the University of Pennsylvania where he taught physics until 1966. Later, he went to Chicago, Illinois where he joined his brother Fayyazuddin, and theoretical physicists Faheem Hussain and Peter Rottoli. Riazuddin joined University of Chicago's Enrico Fermi Institute where they created the "Relativity Group". In 1968, Riazuddin returned to Pakistan on the request of Salam, and joined Quaid-i-Azam University's Institute of Physics. He was the founding director of the Institute of Physics (IP) where he engaged in research on string theory, the theory of relativity, particle physics and nuclear physics. Later, the scientists of the Relativity Group at the Enrico Fermi Institute returned to Pakistan on the request of Salam. In 1970, he returned to the United States where he became Professor of Mathematics at the University of Maryland. Riazuddin left the United States for Italy as he was asked by Salam to join the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in 1970. He was joined by other students of Salam where they created a Theoretical Physics Group at the ICTP. In 1971, Riazuddin traveled to the United Kingdom to join the Daresbury Nuclear Physics Laboratory where he was joined by Michael Duff. At Daresbury, he became senior research associate. There, Riazuddin gained expertise and specialised in nuclear physics. At Daresbury, he trained British scientists in the field of nuclear physics.

In 1981, he became visiting professor of physics and mathematics at the University of Iowa and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, now Virginia Tech. In 1982, Riazuddin came back to Pakistan where he joined Quaid-e-Azam University as a professor of theoretical physics. In 1982, Riazuddin also went to Saudi Arabia where he joined King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals and became Chairman of the Department of Mathematics and Statistics and also taught physics at the Department of Physics. In 1983, Riazuddin, along with Asghar Qadir, went to Trieste, Italy, to join the International Centre for Theoretical Physics. Both scientists joined Salam where they continued research in their fields. In 1998, Riazuddin left King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals and returned to Pakistan to rejoin PAEC.

Scientific research
During his post-graduate research, Riazuddin made contributions to mathematical physics, as he was highly interested in complex mathematical series, and its relation to modern physics. In 1959, Riazuddin was the first physicist to use the dispersion relation for Compton scattering of virtual photons on pions to analyse their charge radius. For this contribution, he was awarded the doctorate in physics (theoretical) by Cambridge University. He seldom published papers, preferring long correspondences with his brother Fayyazuddin, mentor Abdus Salam, and colleagues including Asghar Qadir, Michael Duff, and Masud Ahmad. During the 1960s, he associated himself with complex mathematical applications of nuclear physics. In 1960, Riazuddin used Nucleon-nucleon dispersion relation to discriminate proton-proton scattering in pseudoscalar mesons. In 1965, Riazuddin carried out the pioneering work on vector currents, in which he showed the discrepancy between μ-decay and the constant gravity, and the strong interaction renormalisation of the Beta (β)-decay.

The same year, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, partnering with the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, sponsored Riazuddin to undertake further research. Along with Munir Ahmad Rashid and Fayyazuddin, Riazuddin realised that the physical baryons are considered broken in special unitary groups, symmetric groups and the tensor product. The relevant papers were submitted at the United States Atomic Energy Commission. In 1967, at the Fermi Institute, Riazuddin, with his brother Fayyazuddin, carried out research in the field of current algebra, where they applied the mathematical framework of current algebra in the applications of radiative decays of mesons.

In 1982, Riazuddin and Fayyazuddin published a pioneering work on K mesons. Riazuddin postulated that radioactive decay in K mesons have almost vanished when chiral symmetry is introduced. After the introduction, the symmetries break the Standard Model of particle physics, even when the contribution from penguin diagrams is included.

From 1972, Riazuddin made pioneering research on neutrinos— an elusive particle postulated by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930. In 1972, Riazuddin and Fayyazuddin were the first to post mathematical frameworks of Current-algebra in neutrino scattering to determine the Scale invariance of Chiral symmetry breaking the Hamiltonian Quantum Mechanics.
In 1987, Riazuddin and Fayyazuddin theorised that it is possible get light-neutrino masses in the range of a few electron volts by equalising the masses of superheavy neutrinos in background independence (universality).

In 2000, Riazuddin began his research in the series unsolved problems in physics. In 2005, at the National Center for Physics (NCP), Riazuddin presented his papers on neutrinos where he provided the mathematical framework of the neutrinos. Neutrinos have heavier masses but the neutrino oscillations do not completely identify the overall scale of their exact masses because they are exceedingly tiny. To determine the exact masses, Riazuddin introduced the laws of limits, as he realised there was a limit, to the electron energy spectra in tritium β-decay. In 2007, Riazuddin introduced SU(3) symmetry in the theory of double beta decay. He postulated the light neutrinos formed a triplet state in a SU(3) symmetry during the process. In 2008, Riazuddin pointed out that the neutrino mass has μ and τ symmetry and the Lepton number remains constant, a new type of Seesaw mechanism is formed, the so-called Riazuddin's Seesaw Model, the Dirac mass matrix provided the Yukawa coupling to follow the Majorana fermion to satisfy the Leptogenesis asymmetry. Riazuddin proposed that this interaction can be avoided when two of the heavy right-hand neutrinos are (nearly) degenerate.

In 2009, Riazuddin published a mathematical theory of the non-standard model, and its brief extensions to τ (tau) particles – particles that are similar to electrons with negative electric charge. In an experiment performed at the Synchrotron light source installed at the National Center for Physics (NCP), now the Abdus Salam Centre for Physics, Riazuddin observed the decay of the Tau particle, in which he theorised that hadronisation vector currents and axial vectors can be used to study the implicit properties and functions of hadronic resonances, together with Chiral symmetry. These natural elements can be assigned to the parts' weak current that the strong nuclear interaction conserves. With the introduction of such elementary particles, it became critical to study the particle elements that hold the weak interaction.

1971 war and atomic bomb project
During his stay at PAEC, Riazuddin and Fayyazuddin were central figures of Pakistan's atomic program during the early and critical years. In December 1972, Riazuddin returned to Pakistan on the request of Salam. Salam asked Riazuddin to report to Munir Ahmad Khan – chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission at that time. At PAEC, Salam assigned Riazuddin to his Theoretical Physics Group (TPG). The Theoretical Physics Group took research in fast neutron calculations – how neutrons moved in a nuclear chain reaction – the theory simultaneity — how would fission weapon would detonated from several points at the same point during the detonation process – and hydrodynamics – how the explosion produced by a chain reaction might behave – and what kind of and how much fissile material and reflectors would be used. Salam had attracted theoretical physicists who worked under Riazuddin despite his younger age. Riazuddin was among the scientists who attended the Multan meeting that was managed by Salam and convened by Pakistan President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. After the meeting, Salam took Riazuddin, with Munir Ahmad Khan, to Bhutto's residence in Islamabad where the scientists briefed Bhutto about the development of the nuclear weapons programme.

Although Salam had traveled to the United States to evade the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, he returned to Pakistan with stacks of historical books on the Manhattan Project in December 1971. In December 1973, the University of Maryland offered him a fellowship, and on the advice of Salam, Riazuddin went to United States. There, he became a senior research scientist at the University of Maryland, and obtained the open-source information on the "Manhattan Project" from the Library of Congress. Riazuddin carefully studied American theoretical physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer's approach to develop the first implosion device, and made further advances on Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit, Oppenheimer–Phillips process, Born–Oppenheimer approximation.

After his return from the United States, Riazuddin was inducted into the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) as member (technical). In 1974, he began to take research with the TPG, and began one of the pioneering member of the TPG. In 1973, Raziddin Siddiqui formed the Mathematical Physics Group (MPG) which closely collaborated with Theoretical Physics Group. Riazuddin called his mathematician friend Asghar Qadir, who specialised in special relativity under Riazuddin and Salam, to join the Mathematical Physics Group. Later in his career, Qadir published a college text book on theory of special relativity. Shortly after the India surprise nuclear test — Pokhran-I, Munir Ahmad Khan called for a meeting to initiate the work on atomic bomb. Riazuddin and Salam represented the Theoretical Physics Group (TPG), and it was decided to develop the implosion method for the first device. During the meeting, the word "bomb" was never used; instead academic scientists preferred to use the scientific research rationale. The Theoretical Physics Group began its research and directly reported to Abdus Salam.

In 1977, both MPG and TPG scientists completed the design and calculation of an atomic bomb. Along with Qadir, Riazuddin continued to develop the theoretical designs of the atomic weapon during 1978. In 1982 the PAEC finally developed the device under the leadership of Munir Ahmad Khan. The PAEC carried out the first cold-test of the TPG's theoretical design by May 1983 at Kirana Hills. The test teams were headed by Ishfaq Ahmad, a nuclear physicist, and Munir Ahmad Khan supervised the testings.

Riazuddin later disclosed that he worked as part of the team, under Abdus Salam, that worked on designs for Pakistan's nuclear explosive device. As he explained:

Riazuddin also worked in a neutron particle accelerator at PAEC. In 2000, Riazuddin retired from PAEC as a chief scientist. In the same year, he was elected as Fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences and Fellow of the Islamic World Academy of Sciences (IAS). Riazuddin was also a visiting scientist at CERN.

Legacy, awards and recognition
Riazuddin was an internationally known theoretical physicist. He had made contributions with CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). At CERN, he was a widely respected theoretician.

Riazuddin is the recipient of Pakistan's highest civil awards:
Tamgha-i-Imtiaz (Medal of Excellence) in 1980
 Sitara-i-Imtiaz (Star of Excellence) in 1990
 Hilal-i-Imtiaz (Crescent of Excellence) in 1999
 UNESCO Albert Einstein Gold Medal for Fundamental Science in 2000
 Fellow of the Islamic Academy of Sciences in November 2000
 Gold Medal for outstanding research work in Physical Sciences by Pakistan Academy of Sciences in 1979

He is one of the Pakistani scientists who were very close to Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Abdus Salam. At PAEC, Riazuddin had closely worked with another noted Pakistani theoretical physicist Masud Ahmad (late). Later in life, he worked as a professor of theoretical physics and neutrino physics at the National University of Sciences and Technology, in Islamabad.

He had also been the director of the Riazuddin National Center for Physics, also at Quaid-e-Azam University. He was most famous for his TPG Group work Riazuddin and his team of theoretical physicists are widely credited to have developed and designed Pakistan's nuclear weapon devices.

On 26 April 2009, a day-long conference was held in Islamabad to pay tribute to an eminent research scientist and theoretical physicist, Riazuddin. The conference was organised by National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) and Riazuddin National Centre for Physics (RNCP). In the conference, Masud Ahmad, who is also the student of his, said:

"Prof. Riaz always put in his best efforts to obtain original results while working on various issues related to science and technology".

NUST Rector, Engr. Muhammad Asghar also paid tributes to him and said:

"Prof. Riazuddin has a very strong and professional background in the field of Physics. He achieved many distinctions and awards from national as well as international institutes, which includes Tamgha-e-Imtiaz, Sitara-i-Imtiaz and Hilal-e-Imtiaz and awards from UNESCO, Economic Cooperation Organization and COMSTECH Prize in Physics".

Institutes named after Riazuddin
Riazuddin National Center for Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University, in Islamabad.

Publications and scientific articles

Bibliography
 Theory of Weak Interaction in Particle Physics, John Wiley, New York, 1969. (Written jointly with R. E. Marshak and C. P. Ryan).
 Quantum Mechanics, World Scientific, Singapore, 1990. (Written jointly with Fayyazuddin).
 A Modern Introduction to Particle Physics, World Scientific, Singapore, 1994. (Written jointly with Fayyazuddin).
 Contemporary Physics: Proceedings of the International Symposium (written jointly with Faheem Hussain, Jamil Aslam, Riazuddin
 Physics and contemporary needs. Vol.5 by Riazuddin, Asghar Qadir
 Physics and Contemporary Needs.  Written and edited by Riazuddin
 Selected Papers of Abdus Salam, with Commentary by A. Ali, Abdus Salam, Fayyazuddin, Riazuddin.
 Modern Introduction to Particle Physics (vol. 2), by Fayyazuddin and Riazuddin
 Radiative D* decay using vector meson dominance by Riazuddin and Fayyazuddin
 On the gluon dipole penguin contribution to nonleptonic hyperon decays. By Riazuddin and N. Paver
 * Mathematical Physics, jointly written with Faheem Hussain, Riazuddin, Asghar Qadir, Mohammad Jamil Aslam, Hamid Saleem.

Scientific articles
 The Role of Great Equations in Life by Riazuddin, Riazuddin National Center of Physics.
 Tribimaximal mixing and leptogenesis in a seesaw model, Riazuddin, Islamabad.
 Dirac equation in (1+2) dimensions for quasi-particles in graphene and quantum field theory of their Coulomb interaction. Riazuddin, Riazuddin National Center for Physics.
 (SU) × U(1) model for electroweak unification and sterile neutrinos. Jointly written with Riazuddin and Fayyazuddin.
 An SU(3) symmetry for light neutrinos, Riazuddin
 Branching Ratio and CP-asymmetry for B→ gamma decays, jointly written with M. Jamil Aslam and Riazuddin
 Neutrino flavour mixing in an SU(3) symmetry for light neutrinos. Published by Riazuddin
 Neutrinos: recent developments and origin of neutrino mass matrix, Riazuddin (May 2004)
 Role of Mathematics in Physical Sciences, Riazuddin (February 2004)
 Some comments on narrow resonances.  By Fayyazuddin and Riazuddin (September 2003)
 Neutrino Mass Matrix with Approximate Flavor Symmetry, Riazuddin (July 2003)
 Particle Aspects of Cosmology and Baryogenesis, Riazuddin (February 2003)
 Role of lepton flavor violating (LFV) muon decay in Seesaw model and LSND by M. Jamil Aslam and Riazuddin(September 2002)
 Role of gauge invariance in B→v gamma radiative weak decays, Riazuddin (October 2001)
 The Σ and τ in D and B decays, jointly written, N. Paver and Riazuddin (July 2001)
 Potential Models for Radiative Rare B Decays, Saeed Ahmad and Riazuddin (January 2001)
 Off-diagonal structure of neutrino mass matrix in see-saw mechanism and electron-muon-tau lepton universality, Riazuddin (July 2000)
 Two body non-leptonic $Lambda_b$ decays in quark model with factorization ansatz, published, Fayyazuddin and Riazuddin (February 1998)
 Double Counting Ambiguities in the Linear Sigma Model by A. Bramon, Riazuddin and M. D. Scadron (September 1997)
 Vector Meson Exchanges and CP Asymmetry in, Riazuddin, N. Paver and F. Simeoni

See also
 Tafazzul Husain Kashmiri
 Abdus Salam
 Pervez Hoodbhoy

References

Bibliography

External links
 Riazuddin
 https://web.archive.org/web/20130214010730/http://www.ias-worldwide.org/profiles/prof89.htm
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070914101215/http://www.chowk.com/articles/4104
 https://web.archive.org/web/20081210103648/http://www.ncp.edu.pk/newsletters/Vol1-1/ncpvol1-1_details.htm
 http://www.ncp.edu.pk/docs/iscp/ISCP%20Summary.pdf
 ICTP Page on Riazuddin
 CERN Page on Riazuddin
 CERN-Courier Page on Riazuddin
 Quantum Mechanics, World Scientific, by Riazuddin and Fayyazuddin

1930 births
2013 deaths
Government College University, Lahore alumni
Pakistani Muslims
Scientists from Lahore
Recipients of Hilal-i-Imtiaz
Recipients of Nishan-e-Imtiaz
Recipients of Sitara-i-Imtiaz
Pakistani science writers
Albert Einstein Medal recipients
Pakistani string theorists
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Project-706
Punjabi people
Neutrino physicists
Academic staff of Quaid-i-Azam University
University of the Punjab alumni
Academic staff of the University of the Punjab
Pakistani philosophers
Philosophers of science
Fellows of Pakistan Academy of Sciences
People associated with CERN
Academic staff of the National University of Sciences & Technology
Members of the Pakistan Philosophical Congress
21st-century Pakistani scientists
20th-century Pakistani scientists
Nuclear weapons scientists and engineers


"Crash Here Tonight" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith.  It was released in August 2006 as the third and final single from Keith's album White Trash with Money.  A shorter all-acoustic version of the song was featured on the soundtrack for Broken Bridges and was played by Keith in the movie.  It peaked at number 15 on the United States Country Charts.

Critical reception
Kevin John Coyne, reviewing the song for Country Universe, gave it a positive rating. He says that Toby has "never sounded better, and he’s finally recording adult and sophisticated material again."

Music video
The music video was directed by Michael Salomon, and it premiered on CMT's Top 20 Countdown on August 31, 2006. It features actress Heather Locklear.

Chart positions

References

Allmusic

CMT

2006 singles
2006 songs
Toby Keith songs
Songs written by Toby Keith
Show Dog-Universal Music singles
Music videos directed by Michael Salomon


Shaik Baksh is a Guyanese politician. He was Guyana's Minister of Education from 2009 to 2020. Mr. Baksh served in the Guyana Government
as Minister of Housing and Water before being appointed Education Minister. He has worked
as a lecturer at the University of Guyana and as an executive in the private sector.

Minister Baksh holds a bachelor's degree in Management from the University of Guyana and an MSc
in Management from the University of London.

In August 2020, Shaik Baksh was appointed Chief Executive Officer of the Guyana Water Incorporated.

Notes and references

Living people
Government ministers of Guyana
University of Guyana alumni
Alumni of the University of London
People's Progressive Party (Guyana) politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Guyanese people of Indian descent


A number of steamships were named Medea, including:

 , a Dutch cargo ship torpedoed and sunk in 1942
 , a French coastal tanker in service 1946–51

Ship names


John Hugh Todd Anderson (11 January 1937 – July 2021) was a Scottish-born footballer who played in the Football League for Stoke City and represented the Australian national team five times in full international matches.

Career
Anderson was born in Johnstone and played for local side Johnstone Burgh. In 1957 he joined Stoke City and he made an instant impact scoring on his debut against Rotherham United in September 1957. However Anderson was used as a backup during his four-year spell at the Victoria Ground making 24 appearances scoring twice.

In the mid-1960s after a spell back in Scotland with Greenock Morton and Third Lanark he moved to Australia to play with South Melbourne where he came to the notice of the Australian selectors. He eventually played eight matches for the Socceroos, five of which were full internationals.

Career statistics

Club

International
Source:

References

External links

1937 births
2021 deaths
Australia men's international soccer players
Australian men's soccer players
Men's association football wingers
Greenock Morton F.C. players
Footballers from Johnstone
Scottish expatriate men's footballers
Scottish Football League players
Scottish men's footballers
South Melbourne FC players
Stoke City F.C. players
English Football League players
Third Lanark A.C. players
South Melbourne FC managers
Johnstone Burgh F.C. players
Scottish emigrants to Australia
Scottish football managers


Ignitor is the Italian name for a planned tokamak device, developed by ENEA. , the device has not been constructed.

Started in 1977 by Prof. Bruno Coppi at MIT, Ignitor based on the 1970s Alcator machine at MIT which pioneered the high magnetic field approach to plasma magnetic confinement, continued with the Alcator C/C-Mod at MIT and the FT/FTU series of experiments. It was initially proposed to be built "in the area of the former Caorso nuclear power station". The currently intended location is at Troitsk near Moscow.

Ignitor is designed to produce approximately 100 MW of fusion power despite its relatively small size. For comparison, the intended weight is 500 metric tons, while the ITER international reactor, expected to be the first tokamak to reach scientific breakeven, is some 19,000 tons.

2010
At a meeting with the scientific attachés of the European embassies in Moscow in early February 2010, Mikhail Kovalchuk, Director of the Kurchatov Institute, announced that an initiative aimed at developing a fast paced joint research programme in nuclear fusion research was strongly supported by the Governments of Russia and Italy.

The original proposal had been initiated earlier by Evgeny Velikhov (President of the Kurchatov Institute) and Bruno Coppi (Head of the High Energy Plasmas Undertaking, MIT) during the early developments of the Alcator C-Mod programme at MIT, where well known scientists of the Kurchatov Institute made key contributions to experiments that identified the unique confinement and purity properties of the high density plasmas produced by the high field Alcator machine. In effects this investigated, for the first time, physical processes leading to attain self-sustained fusion burning plasmas.

The collaboration with the Kurchatov Institute is directed at the construction of the Ignitor machine, the first experiment proposed to achieve ignition conditions by nuclear fusion reactions on the basis of existing knowledge of plasma physics and available technologies. Ignitor is part of the line of research on high magnetic field, experiments producing high density plasmas that began with the Alcator and the Frascati Torus programmes at MIT and in Italy, respectively. Coppi claimed that IGNITOR would be a bigger step towards fusion power than the international ITER project, but several fusion scientists contested this in 2010.

According to existing plans, Ignitor will be installed at the Triniti site at Troitsk near Moscow, that has facilities which can be upgraded to house and operate the machine. This site will become open and made to be easily accessible to scientists of all nations. The management of the relevant research programme will involve Italy and Russia only to facilitate the success of the enterprise. The proponents have suggested that the US become an Associate Member of this effort with a similar arrangement to that made with CERN for its participation in the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) Programme.

The goal to produce meaningful fusion reactors in a reasonable time leads to pursuing the achievement of ignition conditions in the near term in order to understand the plasma physical regimes needed for a net power producing reactor. In addition, an objective other than ignition that can be envisioned for the relatively near term is that of high flux neutron sources for material testing involving compact, high density fusion machines. This has been one of the incentives that have led the Ignitor Project to adopt magnesium diboride (MgB2) superconducting cables in the machine design, a first in fusion research. Accordingly, the largest coils (about 5m diameter) of the machine will be made entirely of MgB2 cables.

In the context of the Italy-Russia summit meeting held in Milan on 26 April 2010 the agreement to proceed with the proposed joint Ignitor programme has been signed. The participants, from the Russian side, have included the Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, the Deputy Prime Minister Igor Sechin, the Energy Minister Sergei Shmatko, and the Vice Minister of Education and Research Sergey Mazurenko. Participants from the Italian side have included Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, the Foreign Affairs Advisor to the Prime Minister Valentino Valentini (who had a key role in forging the agreement on the Ignitor programme), and the Minister of Education and Research Mariastella Gelmini who, together with Sergey Mazurenko, signed the agreement in the presence of the two Prime Ministers.

After 2010
In 2013, new developments and issues for the Ignitor experiment were published. The Ignitor project Conceptual Design Report was prepared by a joint Russian-Italian working group in 2015. A 2015 study reports the advances made in different areas of the physics and technology that are relevant to the Ignitor project.
A safety analysis study for Ignitor at the TRINITI site was published in 2017.
A risks analysis of the project realization phase was published in 2017.
An informal exchange meeting took place in 2017.
The fuel cycle concept was presented in 2020.
In 2022 the field-coil design was revised.

Progress on construction
Some full-size prototype components have been built in Italy.
As of 2018, construction of Ignitor in Russia has not commenced.

See also
List of plasma (physics) articles

External links
Ignitor website
Fact sheet says "Construction on the reactor is projected to be complete in 2014"
 IGNITOR technical specs on ENEA Laboratories in Frascati
 Paolo Detragiache, Technical presentation of the project
 Recent russian contribution

References

Nuclear research institutes
Proposed fusion reactors
Research projects
Tokamaks


The 1995–96 ISU Champions Series Final was an elite figure skating competition held in Paris, France from February 23 through 25, 1996. Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The Champions Series Final was the culminating event of the ISU Champions Series, which consisted of Skate America, Skate Canada International, Nations Cup, Trophée de France, and NHK Trophy. The top six skaters from each discipline competed in the final.

Results

Men

Ladies

Pairs

Ice dancing

External links
 Ice Skating International Online

1996 in figure skating
Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
Figure skating in Paris


A cran, in use from at least as early as the 18th century, was a unit of measure of landed uncleaned herring used in the North Sea fishing industry. In 1852 it was defined to be the equivalent of one standard box of about 37.5 imperial gallons - typically around 1200 fish, but varying anywhere between 700 and 2500. In metric units it is about 170.5 litres.

The word is from Scottish Gaelic , meaning "lot, measure of herring, tree".

References

Obsolete units of measurement
Fishing industry


The 25th Infantry Division () was a military unit of the German Wehrmacht. It was later reclassified to 25th Motorized Infantry Division (), and in June 1943 to the 25th Panzergrenadier Division ().

The 25th Panzergrenadier Division fought in the central sector of the Eastern front from June 1943 to July 1944. It was destroyed in the encirclement east of Minsk and reformed in October 1944. It then fought in Western Europe between October 1944 and January 1945 and in eastern Germany January to May 1945. Most of the survivors of the division surrendered to the western Allies.

History

Battle of France and Eastern Front
The 25th Panzergrenadier Division was originally formed as an infantry unit, designated 25th Infantry Division and made up of Swabian and Bavarian personnel. It participated in the Polish Campaign and the Battle of France.

In late 1940, it was reorganized as the 25th motorized infantry division and took part in Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, in June 1941. It was attached to Army Group Center and fought in the Soviet Union for two years before being reorganized as the 25th Panzergrenadier Division in June 1943. After another year of heavy fighting, the division was almost destroyed near Minsk during the Soviet Operation Bagration in the summer of 1944; the survivors were reorganized at the training area at Mielau (in modern-day Poland) as the 107th Panzer Brigade.

Western Front (1944–1945)
In September 1944, the 107th Panzer Brigade participated in Operation Market Garden as part of LXXXVI Corps of the 1st Parachute Army. The Brigade had been re-routed from Aachen to the Netherlands and went almost immediately into combat at Nuenen against the American 506th PIR of the 101st Airborne Division and the British 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars of the 11th Armoured Division.

In November 1944, the brigade was upgraded back to divisional status at the Baumholder training area and re-numbered back as the 25th Panzergrenadier Division.

The new division moved to France in the area of the German-Luxembourg-French border at Sierck-les-Bains, where it fought a delaying action against the US Third Army, until December. It was then moved to Bitche. There it fought on the Maginot line fortifications at Forts Ouvrage Simserhof and Ouvrage Schiesseck, under the command of the XIII SS Corps and Obergruppenführer Max Simon.

After the US Seventh Army's offensive operations were halted in December as a result of the German Ardennes Offensive, the 25th was pulled out of the line and re-organized near Zweibrücken. It then took part in Operation Nordwind, along with the 21st Panzer Division. Together, these divisions were to exploit the penetrations made by either the XIII SS Corps in the west, or the LXXXIX and XC Corps in the east, with the intention of cutting the US Seventh Army off from the 1st French Army. It was then sent back to the eastern front to defend against the Soviet attack on the Oder north of Berlin, most of the survivors managed to escape to the west and surrendered to the British or Americans.

Commanders

 Generalleutnant Christian Hansen (6 October 1936 – 15 October 1939)
 Generalleutnant Erich-Heinrich Clößner (15 October 1939 – 15 January 1942)
 Generalmajor Sigfrid Henrici (15 January - 4 February 1942)
General der Infanterie, Anton Graßer (4 February 1942 – 5 November 1943)
Generalleutnant Dr. Fritz Benicke (5 November 1943 – 4 March 1944)
Generalleutnant Paul Schürmann (4 March 1944 – July 1944)
Generalleutnant Paul Schürmann (October 1944 – 10 February 1945)
Generalleutnant Arnold Burmeister (10 February 1945 – 8 May 1945)

Order of battle
Division Staff
25. Mapping Detachment (mot)
35. Panzergrenadier Regiment
Staff Company
Panzerjäger Platoon
Motorcycle Platoon
Signals Platoon
Pioneer Platoon
3 x Battalions
Battalion Staff
3 x Companies (mot)
Machine Gun Company (mot)
Infantry Gun Company
119. Panzergrenadier Regiment
Staff Company
Panzerjäger Platoon
Motorcycle Platoon
Signals Platoon
Pioneer Platoon
3 x Battalions
Battalion Staff
3 x Companies (mot)
Machine Gun Company (mot)
Infantry Gun Company
125. Panzer Reconnaissance Battalion
Battalion Staff
Light Armored Car Company
3 x Motorcycle Companies
Heavy Company (mot)
Pioneer Platoon
2 x Panzerjäger Platoons
Light Infantry Gun Section
125. Panzerjäger Battalion
Staff Company
3 x Panzerjäger Companies (self-propelled)
Flak Company (self-propelled)
8. Panzer Battalion
Staff Company
Flak Platoon
3 x Sturmgeschütz Batteries
Panzer Maintenance Platoon
25. Artillery Regiment
Staff Battery
3 x Battalions
Staff Battery (mot)
3 x Batteries (mot)
25. Pioneer Battalion
Battalion Staff
3 x Companies (mot)
Light Pioneer Column (mot)
25. Signals Battalion
Battalion Staff
Telephone Company (mot)
Radio Company (mot)
Signals Column (mot)
Supply and Support Units

In popular culture
The action at Nuenen by the 107th Panzer Brigade during Operation Market Garden is dramatized in episode 4 "Replacements" of the television series Band of Brothers.

References

25
Military units and formations established in 1943
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945


Thomas Van Scoy (February 13, 1848 – February 11, 1901) was an American minister and educator in Indiana, Oregon, and Montana. A Methodist, he served as the sixth president of Willamette University and as president of the now defunct Portland University. He was also president of Montana Wesleyan University and served in the militia at the end of the American Civil War.

Early years
Thomas Van Scoy was born in White County, Indiana, to William Van Scoy and his wife Mary (née Channel) on February 13, 1848. Thomas was the youngest of fourteen children in the family. Their father was a farmer from what became West Virginia, while their mother was from Ohio. In 1855, the family moved to Iowa where they continued to farm. Van Scoy's parents and the three youngest children in the family returned to the Indiana farm in 1860 after difficult times in Iowa. In Indiana, Van Scoy received his education in the local schools before joining the militia in 1865 during the American Civil War. He served one year in Company I of the Indiana Volunteers, posted as a guard in the Shenandoah Valley.

After leaving the infantry in 1866, he enrolled at a school in Brookston, Indiana, for a few months and then at the Battle Ground Collegiate Institute. Van Scoy spent two years at the institute and while in school was also a school teacher. He then enrolled at Brookston Academy where he spent one year before entering Northwestern University in neighboring Illinois where he was a member of Phi Gamma Delta. Following two-years of study, he left to take the position of principal at Brookston, but resigned there three years later to return to college. In 1875, he graduated from Northwestern (later inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa honor society) and began working as a minister in Rensselaer, Indiana, for the Methodist Episcopal Church. On September 22, 1875, he married Jennie E. Thomas. After three years he left to continue his education at the Garrett Biblical Institute in Evanston, Illinois, where he graduated in 1879.

Oregon
In 1879, he was hired by Willamette University in Salem, Oregon, to be chairman of the Greek department and to teach ancient languages. Part of the reason for the move was to attempt to improve the health of his wife, but this was unsuccessful and she died in 1883. After he was hired at Willamette, Charles E. Lambert resigned as president of the institution and Van Scoy was hired as the sixth president of Willamette University in 1880. At Willamette he purchased the former home of the first graduate of the school for use as a school for women in 1880. He purchased the home with his own money and remodeled the home, with the building later moved to the campus and renamed as Lausanne Hall.

In 1884, Van Scoy was granted a doctor of divinity degree by the University of the Pacific. Van Scoy remarried in 1885 to Jessie Eastham, and they had one son named Paul, while he previously had a daughter named Lena with his first wife. In February 1887, he purchased the desks that were formerly at the Oregon State Capital across the street from the school. Van Scoy resigned from Willamette in June 1891 to become dean at the new Methodist school in Portland, Portland University. He also served as president of that school, and due to financial difficulties moved the school to East Portland, though some classes were held in Downtown Portland. The school later closed in 1900 and the campus overlooking the Willamette River and Swan Island was sold. The campus included West Hall, and was sold to the Catholic Church, eventually becoming the University of Portland. Van Scoy was the first minister at the Montavilla Methodist Church in Southeast Portland, dedicating a new building on October 19, 1893.

Later years
In 1898, Van Scoy left Oregon for Montana in order to be the new president of Montana Wesleyan University (eventually became part of Rocky Mountain College) near Helena. As president he moved the school to the city in 1900. Though he never held political office, he was a supporter of the Republican Party. Thomas Van Scoy died on February 11, 1901, in Helena at the age of 52 and was buried in that city.

References

1848 births
1901 deaths
American people of Dutch descent
Presidents of Willamette University
Clergy from Portland, Oregon
Northwestern University alumni
Rocky Mountain College
People from Helena, Montana
People from White County, Indiana
People of Indiana in the American Civil War
19th-century American clergy


The Colbinabbin railway line (also known as Rushworth railway line) is a closed  branch railway line situated in both the Hume and Loddon Mallee regions of Victoria, Australia. Constructed by the Victorian Railways, it branches from the Shepparton line at  station, and runs west from the town of  to . The line was primarily built to serve the grain industries as well as providing a general goods and passenger service to townships in the area.

History
The line was opened in 2 stages from September 1890 to August 1914, and closed in October 1987.

The line was eventually extended to Colbinabbin, opening in August 1914, and a branch from Rushworth to Girgarre opened in May 1917. The line to Girgarre was closed back to Stanhope in 1975, and the remaining sections were closed in October 1987.

Stations

References

Closed regional railway lines in Victoria (state)
5 ft 3 in gauge railways in Australia
Railway lines opened in 1890
Railway lines closed in 1987
1890 establishments in Australia
1987 disestablishments in Australia
Transport in Hume (region)
Transport in Loddon Mallee (region)


Baeotendipes is a genus of European non-biting midges, in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

References

Chironomidae
Nematocera genera


Archi & Meidy is an Indonesian best selling science comic book, published by Megindo and written by two Indonesian scientists, Yohanes Surya and Wendy Vega. There are 4 volumes. This story is about the life of twin Archi and Meidy who are ten years old. Science is part of their lives, both at home and at school. A story at the end of this comic book, "World Mission", is about the twins, fourteen years later, when they join a secret agent who tried to save the world.

Characters

The Susilo Family
 Archi Susilo
The male protagonist of the story. He's ten years old, described as an active, smart, and full of curiosity. At school, he's an intelligent and responsible student, elected vice-president of the class. He fights with his twin sister, Meidy, but they care for each other. Archi has a crush on his classmate, Connie.
In World Vision, Archi came back from studying overseas and had got his master's degree in nuclear major. Once worked at NASA.
Archi and Meidy's names derive from Archimedes.
 Meidy Susilo
The female protagonist of the story and also the twin sister of Archie. She's an aggressive, smart, and brave ten-year-old girl. She has a bigger ego than her twin brother and gets mad easily. She used to yell to their friends when they pick on Archi.
14 years later, Archi and Meidy joined the World Mission organization, to save the world from extinction. Meidy is a doctor, and head of a hospital. She had a relationship with her partner, Maximilian Vargas.
 Anthony "Anim" Susilo
The big brother of the twins. An 18-year-old who loves to pick on Archi, but does love both twins. He has a girlfriend named Mona Higarashi, his childhood friend and they had their own comic strips in KIDDO Magazine about themselves when they were 10.
He finally joined the World Mission and a head of an anti-biologic guns laboratory.
 Handi Susilo
The father of Anim and the twins. An architect and a good friend of Professor Yosu since elementary school
 Tamara Susilo
The mother of Anim and the twins. Used to be a model, but became a designer after she married.

Indonesian comics


Beckidia is a genus of European and African non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Species
B. biraensis Zorina, 2006
B. connexa Zorina, 2006
B. hirsti (Freeman, 1957)
B. tethys (Townes, 1945)
B. zabolotzkyi (Goetghebuer, 1938)

References

Chironomidae
Nematocera genera


Kostychany (, ) is a commune in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. The commune is composed of three villages: Dumeny (Думени; Dumeni), Kostychany and Novoivankivtsi (Новоіванківці; Vancicăuții Mici). It belongs to Vanchykivtsi rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Kostychany belonged to Novoselytsia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Novoselytsia Raion was split between Chernivtsi and Dnistrovskyi Raions, with Kostychany being transferred to Chernivtsi Raion.

Kostychany village was first officially attested in a document dated 1619.

Notable people
 Ion Vatamanu (1937–1993), writer and politician from Moldova

References

External links

 Kostychany
Panoramio

Villages in Chernivtsi Raion
Populated places on the Prut
Khotinsky Uyezd
Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine


James Vincent (1718–1783) was a Welsh Anglican priest and schoolmaster.

Life
Vincent was the son of Thomas Vincent, a priest who served as vicar of Bangor, Gwynedd and as rector of Llanfachraeth, Anglesey (both in north Wales).  He matriculated at Jesus College, Oxford in 1735, obtaining a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1739 and a Master of Arts degree in 1742.  He was ordained and became master of the Friars School, in Bangor, as well as serving as vicar of Bangor, rector of the Caernarfonshire parish of Llandwrog and (from 1763) the rector of Llanfachraeth. He died in 1783. One of his grandsons was the priest and academic James Vincent Vincent.

References

1718 births
1783 deaths
18th-century Welsh Anglican priests
Welsh schoolteachers
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford


M. Alagappa Manickavelu Naicker (14 December 1896 – 25 July 1996)  or simply, M. A. Manickavelu was an Indian politician of the Indian National Congress and founder of the Commonweal Party. He served as the Minister of Revenue for the Madras state from 1952 to 1962. He also served as a member of the Rajya Sabha from 1962 to 1964. During 1964-70 he was the Chairman (presiding officer) of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council.

Early life

Manickavelu was born to M. Alagappa Naicker on 14 December 1896. Alagappa belonged to numerically strong Vanniyar community of Tamil Nadu. Manickavelu graduated in arts and proceeded to qualify as a lawyer. Manickavelu entered politics early in life and became a member of the Swarajya Party faction of the Indian National Congress. In 1926, he was elected to the Madras Legislative Council.Manickavelu served as a member of the Madras Legislative Council from 1926 to 1937.

Commonweal Party

In 1951, Naicker founded the Commonweal Party which represented Vanniyar interests in Chingleput and North Arcot districts.  In 1951, he contested in the 1951 elections, the first held in independent India as a candidate of the Commonweal Party, an ally of the DMK, and was elected to the assembly once again. Naicker was appointed Minister of Land Revenue and served from 1953 to 1962. When Rajagopalachari stepped down as Chief Minister and was succeeded by Kamaraj, Naicker dissolved the Commonweal Party and merged his organisation with the Indian National Congress. He served as a member of the Madras Legislative Assembly till 1962 when he was elected to the upper house of India's Parliament, the Council of States. He served as a member of the Council of States from 1962 to 1964.

Death

Manickavelu Naicker died in Madras on 25 July 1996.

See also
 S. S. Ramasami Padayatchiyar

Notes

References

1896 births
1996 deaths
Members of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council
Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu ministers
Madras MLAs 1952–1957


Shelton Vineyards is a vineyard located in Dobson, North Carolina. Of over 95 North Carolina wineries, Shelton Vineyards is the largest family-owned estate winery in North Carolina. Located in the Yadkin Valley near Mount Airy, the estate is  acres. The Shelton Vineyards' wines are reflective of the terroir of the Yadkin Valley.

History

Shelton Vineyards is located in Dobson, North Carolina  It took its present form for the first time in 1994, when Charlie and Ed Shelton bought the property that is just a few miles from where the two brothers grew up.  They have a  winery building and approximately  acres of vines are planted in the vineyard. Located in the Yadkin Valley AVA, the vineyard shares a similar climate and growing season to several wine growing regions in Europe.

In 2002, they asked the BATF to name the Yadkin Valley as an American Viticultural Area. In 2003, it received final ATF approval, becoming the first AVA in North Carolina.

Grapes

The list of grapes harvested includes:

Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Sauvignon
Chardonnay
Merlot
Malbec
Petit Verdot
Riesling
Sauvignon blanc
Tannat
Viognier

References

Wineries in North Carolina
Buildings and structures in Surry County, North Carolina
Tourist attractions in Surry County, North Carolina
Vineyards


Peter John O'Mara (born 9 December 1957) is an Australian-born jazz guitarist, composer, teacher and author. He has been based in Germany since late 1981.

Biography

O'Mara is a self-taught musician and began his professional career in Sydney in 1976. He had private lessons with George Golla at the Academy of Guitar in Sydney as well as attending a number of jazz clinics presented by Jamey Aebersold including musicians like Dave Liebman, Randy Brecker, John Scofield and Hal Galper. He was a  regular at jam sessions where he met musicians like Steve Murphy, Tommy Emmanuel, Michael Bartolomei, Willy Qua, Dale Barlow, Miroslav Bukowsky and Jackie Orszaczky. Steve Murphy and Jackie Orszaczky in particular gave Peter a lot of support, giving him free lessons, musical guidance and gigs. Jackie even produced Peter's first recording "Peter O'Mara" which was eventually released on the independent label Batt Jazz in 1980, receiving widespread critical acclaim. After submitting this recording for a grant application he was awarded the prestigious "Don Banks Memorial Fellowship" for overseas study. At 21 Peter found himself performing regularly with seasoned jazz musicians like Errol Buddle, Barry Duggan and Stewie Speer as well as the big band at South Juniors Football Club backing artists like Patti Page and Al Martino. Peter spent three months in New York in summer 1981 going to concerts, jam sessions as well as having lessons from musicians like Dave Liebman, John Scofield, Jimmy Raney and Attila Zoller. Attila was so excited about Peter's musicality that he recommended him for a position teaching jazz guitar at the University of Memphis, Tennessee. Visa complications prevented him from taking up this opportunity.

He was a prizewinner for Jazz Composition 1980 & 1982, awarded by the NSW Jazz Action Society.

O'Mara moved to Munich, Germany in late 1981 and quickly established himself as one of the most versatile guitarists and composers in Europe. In 1982 he invited Australian saxophonist Dale Barlow to join him for a four-week tour of Germany and Austria. Peter had been able to secure Wayne Darling on bass and Bill Elgart on drums. The success of this project lead to the creation of a trio "Sundial" which performed regularly until 1990, also including tours with Kenny Wheeler as special guest. In 1985 Peter was invited by jazz bassist Detlev Beier to join the faculty of the Kontaktstudium at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg as well as jazz workshops in Ibbenbüren and Bielfeld. It was here that he met trumpeter Uli Beckerhoff who soon involved Peter in various projects including the International Skoda All Star Band as well as an annual workshop in Trier, featuring musicians like Norma Winstone, Maria Joao, John Taylor, John Marshall, Matthias Nadolny and Bruno Castellucci. Another important contact was Austrian bassist Adelhard Roidinger with whom Peter performed in a variety of settings from duo to quintet. In late 1989 Adelhard asked Peter to join the faculty at the Bruckner University in Linz, Austria. In 1992 another teaching position presented itself, this time at the Richard Strauss Conservatorium in Munich, later becoming part of the Hochschule Für Musik und Theater. Peter holds tenured professorships at both of these institutions. In 1990 a chance meeting with saxophonist and composer Klaus Doldinger lead to him being invited to join the legendary Jazz-Rock group Passport where he performed for over 23 years, touring Europe a number of times as well as South Africa, Brazil, Morocco and New Zealand. As of late 2019 he is again performing occasionally with them. Another opportunity came in 1999 when he was asked to join the legendary Jazz-Rock group "United Jazz and Rock Ensemble" where he also contributed two compositions to the group's cd "X".

His teaching activities include, among many workshops throughout Europe, a professorship for Jazz guitar at the Anton Bruckner Private University for Music, Drama, and Dance Austria, as well as the University of Music and Performing Arts Munich. He is also author of four highly acclaimed books published by internationally renowned Jazz publishers Advance Music/Schott.

In 2012 Peter issued a jazz album, My Time on his label Marangani Records. Here's what critic Brent Black had to say about it:
A few days ago guitarist Peter O'Mara contacted my office to inquire about the possibility of reviewing his stellar new release My Time and in doing so offers up one of the very finest releases for 2012. This Australian six string wonder has been living in Munich since 1982. Having numerous friends living in Munich and Cologne Germany, I am well aware of the vibrant jazz scene which may rank a close second to New York when considering the depth and virtuoso skill the area artists are able to bring to the studio or concert hall. The artistic community in Germany is however slightly more artist friendly but that is a topic for another time.
Six of the ten tracks are O'Mara originals with some slightly eclectic standards tossed into the mix to keep things fresh and moving. The lyrical sense of purpose is perfectly captured with the opening tune "It Never Entered My Mind." The Rodgers and Hart classic is slightly reharmed into a free flowing ballad with Tim Collins solo adding a harmonic flavor that is rich in texture and color while blending perfectly with this stellar 4tet. The subtle nuances from the rhythm section rounded out by contrabass player Henning Sieverts and Matthias Gmelin are done with the type of finesse and elegance necessary to keep the integrity of this beautiful tune. "Round Midnight" can be a musical trip wire for some artists if they are unable to channel the raw emotion or connectivity necessary to tug at the heartstrings of a listener. O'Mara nails this tune as though he has played it from day one of his career. Clean single note lines with the lyrical bass of Sieverts and deceptively subtle brush work of Gmelin make this tune far more than the average cover but rather an emotional trip back to the future for the jazz aficionado that lives for tradition. O'Mara's riff on Herbie Hancock's "Dolphin Dance" has an intriguing buoyant quality despite being a tune done mid tempo. The ability to shift meter as well as dynamics on the fly is an immediate head turner. O'Mara has the ability to work without a harmonic net and more than ample chops to take this tune back up a notch when necessary. Drummer Gmelin along with the entire rhythm section does not own the pocket here, they are the pocket with a deceptively subtle swing bordering on infectious. One of O'Mara's two best originals are saved for last in "Last Chance" which has the slight musical frame of reference of early Pat Metheny meets John Abercrombie but the key to success is that O'Mara establishes his own voice. Tim Collins drops in with a sonic exploratory of a solo as the ensemble begins pushing the musical envelope with the proficiency of a working band that has been together twenty years. The other original saved to close out this remarkable release is "Movin On" which allows the music if not the release itself to come full circle. While O'Mara is a formidable composer, were it not for a solid working knowledge of the material here one could easily mistake "Movin On" as a standard in waiting and something tells me it could very well be.
I have reviewed over a dozen guitarists thus far with Peter O'Mara rising head and shoulders above the pack. A dynamic 4tet with exquisite song selection and the virtuoso talent to move effortlessly throughout each tune, the aptly titled "My Time" is merely an introduction of a stellar talent whose musical stock should be an arrow pointing straight up. Easily a five star release and one of the best for 2012!

Musicians that O'Mara worked with

He has worked and recorded with many musicians on the international Jazz scene including: Kenny Wheeler, Joe Lovano, Dave Holland, Jon Christensen, Roberto Di Gioia, Adam Nussbaum, Bob Mintzer, Russell Ferrante, Anthony Jackson, Randy Brecker, Terri Lyne Carrington, Pee Wee Ellis, Fred Wesley, Joe Nay, Maria Joao, John Marshall, Patrick Scales, John Taylor, Randy Brecker, Charlie Mariano, Benny Bailey, Robben Ford, Mike Nock, Albert Mangelsdorff, Ack van Rooyen, Johnny Griffin, Willy Qua, Tony Lakatos, Tim Collins.

Books

 A Rhythmic Concept for Funk/Fusion Guitar (Advance Music)
 A Modal Concept for Jazz Guitar (Advance Music)
 A Chordal Concept for Jazz Guitar (Advance Music) (1996)
 A Rhythmic Concept For Jazz Guitar (Advance Music) (2004)

Discography

Selected discography
 Peter O'Mara (1980) Battyman (BAT 2074)
 Teletime Unit Records 2015
 Acentric featuring Michael Hornek, Patrick Scales & Christian Lettner Marangani 2009
 YuMag featuring Michael Hornek, Patrick Scales & Christian Lettner Marangani 2008
 Mirage featuring Adam Nussbaum Pirouet 2003
 With-Within-Without Acoustic Music 2001
 Back Seat Driver featuring Johannes Enders Enja 1999
 Too Early For This World GLM Edition Collage 1998
 Heritage featuring Guido May & Biboul Darouiche SBF 1997
 A-Strain featuring Adrian Mears, Patrick Scales & Falk Willis SBF 1996
 Symmetry featuring Bob Mintzer, Marc Johnson & Falk Willis GLM Edition Collage 1995
 Travellers featuring Tony Lakatos, Roberto di Gioia, Anthony Jackson, Ernst Stroeer & Wolfgang Haffner SBF 1994
 Stairway featuring Tony Lakatos, Russell Ferrante, Anthony Jackson, Tom Brechtlein & Alex Acuña Enja 1993
 Kuranda featuring Henning Sieverts, Tony Lush & Mike Nock ITM Pacific 1991
 Avenue U featuring Joe Lovano, Roberto Di Gioia, Dave Holland & Adam Nussbaum Enja 1990
 Wheeler O'Mara Darling Elgart Koala Records 1991
 My Time (2012) Marangani Records

References

External links

1957 births
Living people
United Jazz + Rock Ensemble members
Sydney Conservatorium of Music alumni
Australian jazz guitarists
Passport (band) members
Enja Records artists
Pirouet Records artists
Academic staff of Anton Bruckner Private University


Lauterborniella is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.

Species
As accepted by EOL;
Lauterborniella agrayloides (Kieffer, 1911)
Lauterborniella annulipes (Johannsen 1932)
Lauterborniella cristata (Kieffer 1913)
Lauterborniella fuscoguttata (Kieffer 1922)
Lauterborniella longiventris (Goetghebuer 1936)
Lauterborniella pulchra (Kieffer 1921)
Lauterborniella varipennis (Coquillett, 1902)

References

Chironomidae
Diptera of Europe
Nematocera genera


This is a list of cities in Asia that have several names in different languages, including former names. Many cities have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons.

This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name including any historical variants and former names.
lu
Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed.

Note: The blue asterisks generally indicate the availability of a Wikipedia article in that language for that city; it also provides additional reference for the equivalence. Red asterisks or a lack of an asterisk indicate that no such article exists, and that these equivalents without further footnotes should be viewed with caution.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

X

Y

Z

See also

Notes

References

Asian cities
Asian cities
Asian cities
Asian cities
 *
Cities


Zalospirone (WY-47,846) is a selective 5-HT1A partial agonist of the azapirone chemical class. It was found to be effective in the treatment of anxiety and depression in clinical trials, but a high proportion of subjects dropped out due to side effects and development was subsequently never completed.

See also
 Azapirone

References

Piperazines
Aminopyrimidines
Imides
Azapirones
Cyclobutenes


Bhawpal or sometime pronounced Bhapla, are a Rajput clan that form part of group of tribes that form the Chibhali community. They are found mainly in a region known as Chibhal, that lies on the southern slopes of the Shivalik hills between the Chenab and Jhelum rivers, in the [[Jammu and Kashmir
(state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] State.

History and origin

Dharam Chand Chib, the Hindu Raja of the area converted to Islam in the 15th Century. As a result of his conversion, many other Rajput clans converted to Islam. The Bhawpal, like other Chibhali claims descent from the Katoch Rajputs of Kangra, in what is now Himachal Pradesh, India.

Distribution

In Pakistani Kashmir, they are found mainly in Kotli District and Bagh District, in villages near the line of control. In Indian administered Jammu & Kashmir, they are found in Rajauri, Nawshera and Jammu tehsils.
They are also Sikh Bhopals found in the Punjab region, mainly in the Jalandhar district

See also
Muslim Rajput
Ethnic groups of Azad Kashmir

References

Rajput clans
Social groups of Jammu and Kashmir


Allen Robert Hill (July 8, 1922 — July 12, 2022) was an American motorcycle racer. He won the A.M.A. Grand National Championship in 1951 and 1952 by virtue of his victories on the Springfield Mile. Hill won a total of 12 AMA nationals during his professional racing career spanning the years 1947 to 1959. He was inducted to the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 1998.

Racing career
Born in Triadelphia, West Virginia, he started riding motorcycles when he was 16. He started racing  in 1940. Due to the outbreak of World War II Hill's racing career was put on hold. Hill served in the United States Marine Corps. After the war, Hill raced in the 1947 Daytona 200 which he was leading for some time.

During the 1947 season Hill moved to Grove City, Ohio to be closer to the racing action. After coming so close to winning his very first national, Hill won his first race in Atlanta on Aug. 8, 1948, and even then he had to share the victory. In one of the most memorable races ever, Hill and Billy Huber crossed the line in a dead heat and both were declared winner, the only time that has happened in AMA racing history.

After winning the national title in 1951 and 1952, Hill earned a victory in the Daytona 200 in 1954 riding a BSA.

Personal life
Hill died on July 12, 2022, at the age of 100.

References

1922 births
2022 deaths
AMA Grand National Championship riders
American centenarians
American motorcycle racers
Men centenarians
Military personnel from West Virginia
People from Grove City, Ohio
Sportspeople from Franklin County, Ohio
People from Ohio County, West Virginia


The Women's Individual Pursuit was one of the 8 women's events at the 2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, held in Manchester, United Kingdom.

20 Cyclists from 16 countries participated in the contest. After the qualification, the fastest 2 riders advanced to the Final and the 3rd and 4th best riders raced for the bronze medal.

The qualification took place on 27 March and the Finals later the same day.

World record

Qualifying

Finals

References

Women's individual pursuit
UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's individual pursuit


Claytonia parviflora is a species of wildflower in the family Montiaceae known by the common name Indian lettuce. It is native to western North America from southwestern Canada to northwestern Mexico, where it is found in many types of habitat, particularly areas that are moist in the spring.

Description
C. parviflora is an annual herb growing in a clump or spreading to a maximum length of about 30 centimeters. The basal leaves are linear, often with an indistinct petiole.  Some races may have lance-shaped blades on long, tapering petioles. There are also leaves on the flower stem which may be similar in shape or may be rounded or squared and sometimes fuse together to create a bowl around the stem. The herbage is green to pink in color. The inflorescence is a cluster of up to 40 small flowers, each with petals a few millimeters long and white to pink-tinted, or deep pink in color.  The largest flowers, up to 1 cm in diameter, are found in Claytonia parviflora subsp. grandiflora, which is a subspecies endemic to the foothills and lower slopes of the western Sierra Nevada of North America.  Together with Claytonia perfoliata and Claytonia rubra, Claytonia parviflora comprises what is almost certainly a polyploid pillar complex.

There are four well-defined subspecies of Claytonia parviflora: Claytonia parviflora subsp. grandiflora, Claytonia parviflora subsp. parviflora, Claytonia parviflora subsp. utahensis, and Claytonia parviflora subsp. viridis

References

External links

Jepson Manual Treatment
Photo gallery
Flora North America

Plants described in 1832
parviflora
Flora of Northern America


Foodwatch is a European advocacy group that focuses on protecting consumer rights as they pertain to food quality. Was founded in October 2002 in Berlin by former Greenpeace executive director Thilo Bode.  the organization is active in Germany, the Netherlands, France and Austria. foodwatch International, while handled as a separate unit is legally a part of the German foodwatch association.

In 2008 they reported that uranium concentrations in German tap water exceeded the permitted levels.

An important aspect of Foodwatch's activities consists of investigating manufacturers claims in marketing campaigns and on packaging. Each year Foodwatch delivers the Goldener Windbeutel (German)/Gouden Windei (Dutch), given to the product whose packaging is the most misleading as voted on by visitors to the website. In 2009 the award went to Actimel. In the 2012 campaign, Foodwatch criticized Becel pro-active, a Unilever product which is supposed to lower the risk of coronary disease. Foodwatch demanded Unilever stop selling the product, leading to considerable scrutiny of the product and countercriticism by the manufacturer.

References

External links
 Foodwatch web page

Consumer rights organizations
Organisations based in Berlin
Organizations established in 2002
2002 establishments in Germany


San Nicolas de Tolentino is a parish church in Quezon City. It belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cubao, under the Vicariate of Sto. Nino.  It is under the care of the Augustinian Recollect Province of Saint Ezequiél Moreno.

The parish was named after San Nicolas de Tolentino, the patron saint of the poor souls in purgatory, whose feast day is celebrated on 10 September. Recollect fathers expanded their apostolate by building a church, which later became the center of a sprawling parish extending from Visayas Avenue in the east, to Mindanao Avenue in the west, from Carmel II in the south to Tandang Sora in the north.

Established on April 30, 1975, it was on May 11, 1975, that Fr. Alejandro Ramirez, OAR, was installed as the first parish priest, with Fr. Antonio Ausejo, OAR, and Fr. Clemente Jubera, OAR, as assistants. In response to the demand of the faithful, the parish was divided in two: Our Father Parish and Our Lady of Annunciation Parish were created within the San Nicholas de Tolentino territory.  The current Parish Priest is Father Niño Cesar R. Ruiz, OAR with estimated population of 10, 000 Catholics.

See also
 Augustinian Recollect Province of Saint Ezequiél Moreno
 List of religious buildings in Metro Manila

References

External links

 Diocese of Cubao
 Churches in Quezon City

Roman Catholic churches in Quezon City
Churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cubao


Fidei may refer to :

 Asaphocrita fidei, a moth endemic to Costa Rica
 Fideism, a theory which maintains that faith is independent of reason

See also

 Fidei defensor ("Defender of the Faith"), part of the full style of many monarchs since the early 16th century
Mysterium fidei (disambiguation)
 Fides (disambiguation)
 Fide (disambiguation)

 Sensus fidelium, a sense of faith among religious people
 Uberrima fides (utmost good faith), a legal doctrine which governs insurance contracts
 Rule of Faith (regula fidei or analogia fidei), an element of some Christian teachings