The Shuping Scholarship (also known as Soh Bing Scholarship) scheme is one of the oldest Privately Funded Scholarship scheme in China. It was founded in 1939 in war tom Shanghai, China, by J. L. Koo to give continuous financial assistance to underprivileged secondary school students of good academic standard, who otherwise could not continue with their education.

Koo was at the time, aged 30, a Chinese Manager in the "EWO Hong", better known as Jardine, Matheson & Company. The idea came to him when, as a manager, he was recruiting young apprentice workers for the EWO Press and Packing Company. Well over 100 secondary students, in their early teens, applied for four vacancies of this lowly paid, menial job. Many of them had excellent school reports, but had to give up education to seek work to support their family.

He founded the scholarship scheme and named it the "Shuping Scholarship For Secondary School Students", in memory of his father Koo Shuping, who died of Acute Kidney Disease at the young age of 42. In his dying moment, Shuping instructed that his only son should work hard and honest to earn his living, and to remember that "what is gained from the society should be returned to the society". These words would become the motto of the Scholarship for all of the students to adhere to.

Scholarships are awarded, after examination, to successful candidates, coming from poor families, to cover their full tuition fee, continuously until graduation. Further support was also given to those who went on to University Studies.

A Library and Activity Centre, run by the students, was established for the scholars to study and indulge in extracurricular activities and interests. Free medical consultation and treatment were also provided. Students were encouraged to volunteer for charitable social works.

From 1939 to 1949, 1100 were benefited by this scheme. Many of them have gone on to become leaders in China, and Overseas, covering a wide spectrum of careers and professions.

In 1986, after the Cultural Revolution, with the approval and support of the Government, the Shuping Scholarship scheme was restarted in secondary schools in Shanghai, then in Beijing and Huzhou, the native place of Koo. Koo died, aged 89, in February 1998, by then the scholarship scheme had extended to 33 secondary schools and 24 tertiary institutions. The total number of awardees had expanded from 1100 in the 1940s to well over 5000 in the late 1990s. It is administrated by two main students associations, one in Shanghai and one in Beijing. Many of the new generation of Scholars have won national and international awards and prizes.

The quality of the Scholars received recognition by the Jardine Foundation and since 1996 two Shuping Scholars have been awarded Jardine Foundation Scholarships for undergraduate study at the prestigious Oxbridge Colleges; and a further two, through the Jardine connection, entered Oxford from the support other funds, one of which was the C C Lee foundation. All of them graduated with exemplary distinction.

The Shuping Scholarship Foundation (Hong Kong) was formed by Koo in 1995 as a Charity Trust Deed for the continued support of the Scholarship works in China. The founding Trustees were Koo, Philip Wong and Dr. George Koo. The same varied Trust Deed was rectified by the Hong Kong Government in 1997. The Shuping Scholarship Foundation Executive Committee was formed in 1996 to manage, coordinate, and allocate the funding of the many activities of the scheme. The committee consist of elected members of the Koo family and representatives from the two associations.

The Shuping Scholarship Works consist of:
 The award of scholarships to selected students of excellence in designated secondary schools and tertiary institutions
 The scholarship is continuous, if academic standard is maintained
 Additional financial awards to students of proven hardship
 Strong emphasis is placed on moral and ethical standard, adhering to Shuping's Motto of “what is gained from the society, should be returned to the society"
 Social and Educational meetings for the scholars
 Annual summer camps
 Yearly course of emergency medical aid
 Regular Newsletters to all Scholars and Friends of Shuping.

History

1. Founding of the Scholarship in Shanghai:

In the late 1930s, amidst the tragic, War Torn years of Japanese Invasion, as Manager of the EWO Press and Packing Factory, Koo tried to recruit 5 apprentice workers. He was flooded with 200 application, many of these were from teen age secondary students with excellent school records, who, because of financial reasons, had to give up school for work to support the family. He was very moved, and recalling the motto his father left him, that of "Return to the Society what you have gained from the society", he resolutely founded the "Shuping Scholarships" in 1939, in remembrance of his father. The applicants must be from poor families and with good academic standing. 600 students sat for the first scholarship entrance examination, and 300 were awarded with full tuition fee, and thereafter renewed yearly until graduation if the scholar can maintain their good record at school. Further support was also given to those who went on the University Studies.

In addition, a library was established for the scholars as a study-cum-activity centre, which apart from providing books for reading also included science laboratories. Free lessons in Shorthand/Typing; in Sowing; in Nursing; in Martial arts were made available. In addition Scholars were given free haircut, free medical care and free glasses. The "Library" was run and administered by the Scholars themselves on a voluntary basis. They ran a cost-cutting stationary cooperative, and also published a regular newsletter for internal communication and dialogue. Free vacation trips were arranged for volunteer workers during the school holidays to relieve their stress from study and hard work.

2. The First ten years 1939 - 1949

During the first ten years, 1100 students were awarded the scholarships. Koo treated them as family members. His house was always open to the scholars for informal gatherings and fellowship. The students were encouraged to do meaningful voluntary work for charity as character building. Thus, apart from their duties at the Library, many of them also took active part in the running of other charity projects that Koo established during this period. The first is the new Home for Refugee Children, which was built by fund raised through Peking Opera Performances arranged and produced by Koo with the generous help from his many Famous Opera Stars of the time. This was soon after the war, and the streets of Shanghai were flooded with homeless refugee children who, without proper care would fall prey to crime and violence in the city. The then existing refugee camps were shoddy, dilapidated shelters, that does not provided any rehabilitation or education to these children. The brand New home not only upgraded their accommodation but also provided moral and vocational education to turn them into future useful citizens. It was a social success. The Shuping Scholars made regular visits to the Home and assisted in the activities of the Home. The second was the Emergency Medical Fund. In 1945, after the war was won, inflation was astronomical. Although there were 80 hospitals in Shanghai, they all required payments before admission, especially in emergency cases. This made it very difficult especially for the poor with no ready cash. For those with emergency, lives were often lost through lack of money and delay in getting it. Koo persuaded a group of his close like minded friends to join him in setting up a substantial fund to combat this problem. Any emergency patient requiring hospitalization, who had immediate financial difficulty would call on the fund, which, after appropriate but prompt screening, will front the expense to allow the patient to receive prompt treatment. Afterwards, those who could pay but could not get the cash ready in time, would return to thank the benefactors and repay the money paid on their behalf. This work required a lot of administrative help, visiting the patients in the hospitals, check their progress, visit the patient's family, manage the accounts, compile monthly report to the directors, and taking charge of payments. For this Koo turned to the Scholars. To his great delight and comfort, he was overwhelmed with volunteers. As all of the Scholars were from poor families, they were particularly understanding towards the patients in need and their plight. Over a span of two years over 700 patients were recipients of this medical aid program. By exposing the scholars to voluntary charitable works, they, through these experiences, became part of the society. All of the 1100 scholars would later on become pillars in the building and modernization of China.

3. Resumption of the Scholarships (1986 - )

In 1982, Koo was invited to visit China after the overthrow of the Gang of Four. He was able to meet up with some of the past Scholars both in Shanghai and Beijing. Over the next year or so, over 200 past students were contacted, and over the many follow up trips he was thrilled to meet most of them. Joyful reunions lightened every one's heart. He was proud to learn that many of the early scholars, have made great contribution to the rebuilding of China, holding important positions in the Government, as Party Secretaries, Naval officers, Departmental heads, School Principals, Director of hospitals, Architects, engineers, professors. All were pillars of the Society and living out the Spirit of Shu Ping Motto “Return to the Society what you have gained from it"

In 1986 with the support of the Central and City Government as well as the Past Scholars, he decided to revive the Shu Ping Scholarships, starting first in Shanghai schools, followed by schools in Beijing and then Huzhou, Koo's native city. By 2000, the accumulated number of Shu ping Scholars reached near 6000 in all and increasing by the year.

Apart from the scholarship award, recipients, as was in the days of inception in the 1940s, are encouraged to foster the ideal of service to fellow scholars, to friends and to the community. 2.4 Present Scope and Activities

As at May 2004, the scholarship scheme gives out over 700 awards yearly to 37 secondary schools and 24 tertiary institutions. Besides the selection, approval and giving out the awards additional monetary awards are open to application for students with financial difficulty or family hardship. The latter is the integral part of the founding principle of this scholarship, that of helping the poor and the disadvantaged.

Monetary award is only part of the aim, many extracurricular activities (see 7 "activities of the scholars"), are arranged every year to further moral and physical education to motivate students to be better citizens and future leaders in the community and in the country.

All these programs and activities are planned, administered, coordinated, and executed by the two main Scholarship Alumni Associations, composed of voluntary board members elected by the Scholars: The Shanghai Alumni Association for South China Area and the Beijing Alumni Association for the North.
Regular newsletters are published by the two Association to inform scholars of events and to be used as a platform for air.

4. The Shu Ping (Soh Bing) Scholarship Foundation

In 1995, at the age of 86, Koo donated HK$10 million to the Shanghai Education Development Foundation headed by Vice Mayor Ms Xhia Li Xheun, on trust. The annual incremental income is earmarked for the continuation of the Scholarships. In the same year the Shu Ping Foundation Executive Committee was formed by Koo and representative members of the two Alumni Association, he being its first chairman. The committee was to discuss and decide on all matter pertaining to the audit of accounts; allocation, supervision and direction of foundation funds for the operation and furtherance of the scholarships.

After his death, his son George was elected as chairman. The committee meets at least once a year, and subcommittee meetings are held whenever needed. The day-to-day administration and activities of the scheme are carried out by the relevant association boards. The early Shu Ping tradition of self-reliance—students administered by the students—has continued to this day.

Biography
Business man, industrialist and philanthropist. Standing member of the 7th & 8th Shanghai Political Consultative Committee; Consultant in education to the Beijing City; Hon. Consultant to the International Human Resource Exchange Bureau of the Liaoning Province; Hon. Citizen of Huzhou, Zhekiang Province; Adviser to the Board of Jardine Matheson & Company; Chairman of Koo & Company; Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Shuping Scholarship Foundation.

 Koo, of Huzhou ancestry, was born in January 1909 in Shanghai, the only son of Koo Soh Bing.
 He received his early education at the Shanghai Huzhou School, the Wah Dung School, and FuDan Experimental School.
 His father died of acute kidney failure when he was only aged 17. Thus he had to give up study and stepped into his father's shoe to work as an apprentice manager at the EWO Press and Packing Company, a joint venture of his family with the British firm of Jardine & Matheson. At the time, the Packing Company was ailing and heavily in debt.
 He married Liu Size Ming, also from Huzhou, in 1929
 With hard work, smart business acumen and honest repute, he was able to turn the Packing Company to profitability. His ability was recognised and from 1937 he was appointed the sole agent for cotton purchase for the EWO textile business. With the hard earned success in business, he was motivate for humanitarian philanthropy
 In 1939, seeing that many academically excellent students hacl to give up schooling, because of poverty, he established the Shuping Scholarship Scheme in Memory of his father whose last words to his son was that if and when you are successful, you should "return to the society what you have gained from the it". These words also became the motto for all the Scholars. Open examinations were held for applicants.
 The Scholarships were also unique because it was continuous, whereby if the students kept up with his or her standard, they will be supported until graduation and beyond.
 A designated activity centre was established as a Library, Science Laboratory and for other extracurricular activities of the scholars. Free medical consultation and treatment were provided for.
 Between 1939 and 1949 around 1100 students had received the scholarship. Even during the World War II, the through the Japanese occupation, the scholarship was maintained, sometimes with self sacrifices from himself and Mrs. Koo. He cared for the personal lives of each scholar and treated them like his own sons and daughters.
 The Emergency Medical Aid Society: In 1946, with the help from his business associates, he founded this society to give emergency financial aid to help those who require treatment for acute illness. It gave immense assistance to over 7000 patients during the two years of operation.
 In 1947, with his Peking Opera Friends, he organised charity performance to raise fund for the building of a Home cum Institute for the many destitute refugee street children in Shanghai. He followed this up with setting up of qualified teaching staff in the institute to give these children proper education and vocational training.
 His association with Jardine also grew closer both at business and personal level. During the Japanese occupation, many of the Jardine expatriate personnel were interned in camps. With the assistance of the Swiss consulate, he arranged regular monthly food parcels to be delivered to the camps to alleviate their hardship.
 After the end of WWII, he was promoted to be the Chinese Manager at Jardines and also manager of the Shanghai Hung Kew Wharf
 He and his family moved to Hong Kong in 1949, where he continued his association with Jardine's in their Cotton department. He also began his interest in other areas of business, The Star Textiles, Far East Textiles, and later the Textile Alliance Company. After his retirement from textiles, he founded the stock brokerage firm of Koo & Co., and became an adviser to the Board of Jardine's until his decease in 1998.
 During his sojourn in Hong Kong, he continued with his zest for charitable works and was board director of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals for 5 years. He again raised fund for the group including organising and performing in Peking Opera performances. Mrs. Koo was also involved in the Po Leung Kuk, a charitable institute for orphans and related works.
 In 1982, with the passing of the tumultuous Cultural Revolution, he was able to return to mainland China, and to liaise with his beloved Shuping Scholars. Thereafter he made such visits at least once a year and to pay homage and respect to his ancestral graves in Huzhou.
 In 1986, with the support of the Government and of the past scholars, he restarted the Shuping Scholarships first in schools in Shanghai, followed by schools in Beijing and Huzhou. It now awards scholarships in 37 secondary schools and 24 tertiary institutions.
 In December 1986, the directors of Jardine, Matheson & Company in Hong Kong and him held a joint celebration for the Anniversary for his 60th years' Association with Jardines. A lifetime of trust and friendship.
 1987 - he was appointed member of the Political Consultative Committee of the City of Shanghai
 In 1988, for his lifetime of humanitarian and charitable endeavors, he was recognized and honoured with the honorary degree of Doctor of human letters by the College of St. Rose of New York, U.S.A.
 1989. He was honored by his native city of Huzhou as their favorite son and the city's first Honorary Citizen. The City of Beijing appointed him as Adviser to the Bureau of Education. Koo visited the Liaoning Province, and met the Provincial Governor Lin Shun and discussed educational exchange matters. He was invited to be a consultant to the Liaoning overseas educational exchange association, and arranged Lecture tours in Mainland by one of his past Scholars, the eminent Prof. Xhi Zhen Kwong Chi from the U.S.A.
 Back in 1980, Koo had a major operation on his prostate, he made a good recovery, but by 1990 he became more easily tired and had to give up his regular morning walk and Breathing Exercise. He grew weaker physically and from 1992 he often needed the wheelchair for ambulation.
 In the Spring of 1994, during his regular trip to Beijing Koo and his wife were received and welcomed by Vice Premier and Foreign Minister, Qian Qichen who himself was a Shuping Scholar in the 1940s. Later in the same year, Mrs. Koo was suddenly struck down with cerebral haemorrhage and required emergency operation on the brain. It had complication and needed a second operation to save life. However, after this she never recovered fully her cognitive powers and was paralysed from hemiplegia. She was thereafter a wheelchair user when not confined to her bed.
 In 1989, at the age of 80, he wrote his autobiography listing out what he regarded the ten miracles in his life that he was blessed by in his life, allowing him to attain achievements he never dreamt of.

His life motto was:

"Filial Piety to your Parents
Treat People with Honesty
Credibility as Foundation in Business
Tolerance in dealing with the Affairs of the World"

In concluding the Memoir he was philosophical and positive about life:

Youth will not return

A day has only one morn

Make hay while there's still sun

As time will wait for no one

25. In 1995, Koo donated HK$10 million to the Shanghai Education Development Foundation, to be earmarked for use towards the continuing support of the Shuping Scholarship scheme

26. From 1996, his health progressively deteriorated, but despite this he continued to make regular visits both to Shanghai, Beijing and Huzhou, including paying homage to his graveyard of his parents in Huzhou. Filial Piety has been the foremost virtue in his mind.

27. During 1996 to 1998, he also made repeated donations to his native city of Huzhou for various new school buildings, named after his father Shuping.

28. On 14 February 1998, he died aged 89

29. It was also his dying wish that his ashes will be eventually buried in Huzhou next to his parents'.

Foundation
Up to 1995, since the founding of the scholarships in 1939, Koo personally financed all the awards and costs. In his twilight year with ailing health, in 1995, he donated 10 million HK dollars to the Shanghai Education Development Foundation to be earmarked for the long term funding of the worthwhile scheme.

In addition, he also donated a property in Shanghai, partly used as office for the Scholarship administration and functions and the rest for rental income to fund the relevant expenses for the running of the scholarships.

In late 1995, he also formed a charitable trust, the "Shuping Scholarship Foundation" in Hong Kong, for supplemental support to the Shu Ping Scholarships in China. Donations to the Foundation will be used exclusively for the advancement and development of the Shu Ping Scholarship works and activities in China.

The executive committee of the Shu Ping Foundation, formed in 1995, consisting of The representative officers of the two associations and family members, is the central governing body for the prudent allocation of the fund to the various areas of the Scholarship Activities.

Major Events
 1939 Founding of the scholarship in Shanghai
 1943 Established the Shuping Library, administration and activity centre. Formation of Student Association. Free medical consultation and treatment. Haircut service, Cooperative discount outlet, Emergency loans to students.
 1944 Publication of monthly Newsletters
 Science laboratories for students
 Free Nursing class, Seamstress class, Typing class, Chinese King Fu class
 1945 Formation of football team, Ping Pong team,
 1946 Exhibition of the Shuping Scholars attended by the Mayor of Shanghai
 1947 Established the Emergency Medical Financial Aid Society for Shanghai citizens
 Most of the administrative work for this charitable organisation were done by the Scholars on a voluntary basis
 1948 Founded the Centre for Refugee Children in Shanghai, with Scholars again volunteering help in the administration.
 1982 Koo visited Shanghai and met with group of past scholars, and later visited Beijing to meet past scholars there
 1986 Shuping Scholarships scheme resumed in Shanghai in 7 schools, then followed by schools in Beijing and Huzhou. By 1998 scholarships were awarded in 33 secondary schools, and 24 tertiary institutions.
 1986 The Approval and Establishment of the Shuping Scholars Association' in Shanghai and then Beijing, with past scholars as officers and committee members, directing the administration and various activities.
 1989 50th Anniversary of the Scholarships, publication of commemoration book and staged a grand exhibition in the no. 3 Girls school in Shanghai
 1990 Granted the establishment of a hall in the Little Lotus Garden of Nanzun for the permanent exhibition of the Shuping Scholarship scheme and the achievements of past and present scholars.
 1995 Donation of HK$10,000,000 by Koo to the Shanghai Education Development Foundation for support towards the continuation of the Shuping Scholarships
 1995 Established the Shuping Scholar.ship Foundation in Hong Kong for the furtherance of the Scholarships. The Trust deed was finalised in 1998
 1996 Established the executive committee of the Shuping Foundation in China for the overall supervision and policy of the Scholarship planning and funding. Koo being the founding chairman, George Koo vice chairman, and representative members from the Shanghai and Beijing Associations
 1998 Koo died on 14 February 1998, and George Koo succeeded him as chairman of the executive committee
 1999 The 60th anniversary of the Scholarships with celebration meetings in Beijing, Shanghai and Huzhou., Publication of special commemoration book and collection of essays. Production of a documentary VCD. Addition of 3 schools of performing arts for Scholarship awards, two in Beijing and one in Shanghai.
 2001 Official Institution of giving supplemental financial awards to hardship students
 2003 Addition of the Hung Chi Class of the Kwong Jul Mun School for scholarship awards
 2004 Renovation of the Exhibition Halls in Nanzun

References

External links
 The Shuping Scholarship Website
 The Shuping Scholarship Website(Shanghai)
 The Shuping Scholarship Website(Beijing)

Scholarships in China


Cornelius Augustus Pickett (December 22, 1902 – March 22, 1990), commonly known as Neal Pickett, was a politician and former mayor of Houston, Texas, USA, from 1941 to 1943.

Personal life
He was born to Cornelius D. Pickett and Margaret Moody Pickett in Houston. Pickett married Margaret Yarborough on April 18, 1927, with whom he had three children, Margaret Ann, Patricia Jane and Neal Yarborough Pickett.

Career
In 1916, he organized a troop of Boy Scouts in Brazoria, Texas, and served as patrol leader. From 1927 to 1930, Pickett was manager of the Chamber of Commerce of Mount Pleasant, Texas. He was secretary-manager of Houston Insurance Exchange from 1930 to 1935. He was executive vice president of the Lumberman's Association of Texas from 1935 to 1941. He was the mayor of Houston from January 1941 to January 1943. From 1943 to 1946, he worked for military welfare at the American Red Cross. He was vice president of Realty Mortgage Corporation from 1946 to 1961, director of the Federal Housing Administration from 1961 to 1967, and was first executive director of the Deep East Texas Development Council from 1967 to 1972. He was also involved in such organizations as the Houston Area Federal Business Association, the Hodgkin's Disease Memorial Research Center and the Texas and Harris County Young Democrats.

References

1902 births
1990 deaths
Mayors of Houston
20th-century American politicians


Trabada is one of seven parishes (administrative divisions) in the municipality of Grandas de Salime, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 84 (INE 2006).

Villages and hamlets
Folgosa
La Coba (A Coba)
La Fornaza (A Fornaza)
Llandepereira (Llandepireira)
Mazo de Riodecabalos
Molino de la Coba (Molín Da Coba)
Monteserín Grande (Monteseirín Grande)
Monteserín Pequeño (Monteseirín Pequeno)
Trabada
Valías de la Coba (Valías Da Coba)

References

Parishes in Grandas de Salime


Lucius Junius Quintus Vibius Crispus (sometimes known as Quintus Vibius Crispus) was a Roman senator and amicus or companion of the Emperors, known for his wit. He was a three-time suffect consul.

Family
Crispus came from a family of the equestrian order, a member of the gens Vibia. According to Tacitus, Crispus was born in Vercellae. According to Olli Salomies, Crispus was born Quintus Vibius, and adopted by a Lucius Junius some time before his second consulate. His brother was Lucius Vibius Secundus; if Crispus was the younger brother, that would not only indicate his father's name was Lucius Vibius, but offer an explanation for his adoptive status.

Quintus Vibius Secundus, suffect consul in 86, is considered his son. It is unknown if Crispus is related to Lucius Vibius Sabinus, father of the Roman empress Vibia Sabina.

Life
Crispus' life before he achieved the consulate for the first time, during the reign of Nero, is known only indirectly. Tacitus, in his Histories, implies that he was a delator, or informer, during those years, which would explain the source for some of his reputed fortune. The date of his first consulate is not known. Proposed dates range from before the year 56 (Bosworth) to as late as 63 or 64 (Gallivan); the years 56-60 can be eliminated because all of the suffect consuls are known for those years. In a more recent study of dated documents from Herculaneum, Giuseppe Camodeca narrowed the possible dates to either 60 or 61.

Crispus' first recorded appearance was towards the end of the year 60. During that year his brother was convicted for extortion on a charge brought by the Mauretanians and was expelled from Italy. Crispus, through his influence in the Roman Senate, managed to save his brother from a worse sentence.

In the year 68, Crispus was appointed curator aquarum (or supervisor of aqueducts) in Rome. Crispus was prominent during the chaos of the Year of Four Emperors on several occasions. Once, in the Senate, he prosecuted an equites, Annius Faustus, for being a delator  Faustus had informed against his brother, possibly in connection to his crimes against the Mauretanians. Although Crispus managed to win his suit against Faustus, Tacitus notes it was against fierce opposition: "Many remembered that Crispus had followed the same profession with profit; nor was it the penalty but the prosecutor that they disliked." Tacitus notes he was prominent later that year in the Senate in the prosecution of delatores active during Nero's reign.

His other appearance was as an amicus of Vitellius, where he provided a memorable example of that emperor's gluttony. Vitellius was fond of indulging in marathons of feasting, and Crispus was forced to absent himself from one of these due to illness. Dio Cassius quotes Crispus as remarking afterwards, "If I had not fallen ill, I surely would have perished."

Despite having been an intimate of Vitellius, Crispus recovered his standing after Vespasian defeated him and emerged as the victor. He was permitted to participate in the sortition and was allocated proconsular governorship of Africa in 71/72, His legate, Gaius Flavius, was recorded as setting a record sailing from that province to Ostia in two days. A few years later Crispus acceded to the suffect consulship a second time for the nundinium of March–April 74 as the colleague of Titus. At some period under Vespasian's reign he was appointed governor of Hispania Tarraconensis.

Crispus maintained his position as amicus during the reign of Vespasian's younger son, Domitian. "Although no one could have been a more useful advisor to Domitian, he limited his conversation with the emperor to safe topics  how wet it's been, how hot; never uttering his private opinions or staking his life on the truth." It was Domitian who granted him a third suffect consulship, in either the year 82 or the year 83. On one occasion during this time, when asked if anyone was closeted with the Emperor, Crispus wittily answered, "No, not even a fly", a sarcastic reference to Domitian's reputed habit of killing insects and displaying them on the end of a pin or writing stylus.

If one of Martial's Epigrams actually refers to Crispus, he may have been dead by the year 90; Martial wrote a poem published that year about a Crispus who had squandered his entire fortune on himself and left his wife penniless.

References

Further reading
 Julian Bennett, Trajan: Optimus Princeps: a Life and Times (London, Routledge, 1997) ,

1st-century Romans
Ancient Roman politicians
Quintus Vibius Crispus, Lucius
Roman governors of Africa
Roman governors of Hispania Tarraconensis
Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome
Vibii
Ancient Roman adoptees
Ancient Roman delatores


Quintus Vibius Secundus was a Roman Senator who was active during the reigns of Domitian and Trajan. He was suffect consul for the nundinium of March to April 86.

A member of the gens Vibia, Secundus is considered to be the son of the influential Politician Lucius Junius Quintus Vibius Crispus. There is a possibility that Secundus could be related to suffect consul Lucius Vibius Sabinus, father of the Empress Vibia Sabina.

Only one office is known for Secundus: in 101/102 the sortition selected him as proconsular governor of Asia.

References

Further reading
Julian Bennett, Trajan: Optimus Princeps : a Life and Times (London: Routledge, 1997) ,

1st-century Romans
2nd-century Romans
Secundus
Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome
Roman governors of Asia


Villarpedre is one of seven parishes (administrative divisions) in the municipality of Grandas de Salime, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 6 (INE 2006).

References

Parishes in Grandas de Salime


The Warehouse Project is a series of club nights organised in Greater Manchester, England, since 2006. Unlike most other clubs, it has a limited seasonal approach rather than running all year. Each year's season runs from September through to New Year's Day, plus occasional one off dates such as Bank Holiday weekends. This period corresponds with the busiest time of the year and the student calendar.

History

The Warehouse Project was initially started as a joint venture by Sacha Lord and Sam Kandel, who both had previous involvement with the Sankeys nightclub in Manchester. It began operations in the disused Boddingtons Brewery in Strangeways, and then moved into a space under Manchester Piccadilly station, on Store Street, which previously served as an air raid shelter.

On 14 July 2011, The Warehouse Project announced that the 2011 season would be the last ever WHP event at Store Street. This was followed by a later announcement on 22 March 2012 that the 2012 season would be based at the Victoria Warehouse, to the west of Manchester city centre in Trafford Park, near Old Trafford football stadium. The club remained at this location for the 2013 season as well. In late 2013, rumours started that The Warehouse Project was due to move to the disused Mayfield Depot next to Manchester Piccadilly station from 2014 but a planning application was subsequently withdrawn in September 2013. The Warehouse Project's 2013 season drew to a close at the end of the year, with a final closing party on 1 January 2014 at the Victoria Warehouse venue.

Despite the announcement made in 2011, the 2014 season returned to Store Street, in a move described by the organisers as returning to their "spiritual home" for one last year. During this time, the owners of Mayfield Depot decided to redevelop their site rather than retaining it as a cultural venue, so the 2015 season was again located at Store Street.

The 2017 season was announced in July 2017, with 31 shows at Store Street from September that year. The "last ever" event at Store Street was held in 2018.

In 2019, the events moved to a refurbished Mayfield Depot.

Music and artists
Since its foundation, the club has played host to numerous internationally acclaimed DJs such as Carl Cox, Sven Väth, Aphex Twin, Richie Hawtin, Deadmau5, Annie Mac, Pete Tong, Armand Van Helden and Erick Morillo, and musicians such as De La Soul, Happy Mondays, Chic, The Prodigy, Disclosure, Basement Jaxx and Foals. In 2007, The Warehouse Project was voted by dance music magazine Mixmag as the best club in the United Kingdom. In 2013, The Warehouse Project was voted by DJ Magazine as the "Best Club Series" in the magazine's Best of British Awards.

The Warehouse Project is noted for placing international DJs alongside less established artists.

Awards and nominations

DJ Magazine's top 100 clubs

Fatalities
Two high-profile deaths have occurred at The Warehouse Project, those of Nick Bonnie and Souvik Pal, alongside several reports in the media of near-misses. These incidents resulted in calls from local councillors such as David Acton and Mike Cordingley for the licence to be revoked or reviewed. However, police statements have countered this, with high-ranking officers supporting the club and its management. Sixteen individuals were hospitalised during the first weekend of the 2013 season from taking drugs at the venue, and also included drug dealers at the club who attempted to avoid arrest by swallowing all their stash.

Souvik Pal
At the end of the 2012 season, on New Year's Eve, Souvik Pal was escorted out of the club. He was subsequently found dead in the adjacent canal later that month. The unexplained death was later reclassified as a murder investigation after reports of Pal being seen leaving the area with an unknown individual after being thrown out of the club. Although the death did not occur on the premises of the club, local councilors questioned whether the security at the club was sufficient.

Nick Bonnie
On the very first night of the 2013 season, a group of friends from Gloucestershire attended the opening event at The Warehouse Project. During the course of the night, one of their party fell ill and had to be taken to hospital, where he later died due to an overdose of an illegal drug he had consumed at The Warehouse Project. Initially, it was believed that Bonnie had purchased the drug inside the club from a dealer, largely due to testimony of his friends, and this led to police and media fears of a "bad" batch of ecstasy, possibly laced with PMA. However, in subsequent court proceedings, the friends admitted to having invented this story to cover that they had brought the drug into the club themselves. The fall out from the death led to further calls for the club's licence to be reviewed, and in the following days further hospital statements contributed to media reporting that the club itself had become an unacceptable risk.

The club responded to this by increasing in the number of medical and security staff at the venue. Various national politicians, including the then Prime Minister David Cameron, commented on the incident and the dangers posed by people taking illegal drugs at clubs such as The Warehouse Project, calling it a tragic death.

References

External links
 The Warehouse Project official website
 The Warehouse Project Official Ticket Outlet 2017

Music venues in Manchester
Music venues in Greater Manchester
Club nights
Electronic dance music venues


Allan Maclean, 10th of Ardgour (1668-1756) was a Scottish laird, chieftain of the junior Ardgour branch of Clan Maclean.

Biography
He was born in 1668 to Ewen Maclean, 9th Laird of Ardgour and Mary, daughter of Lachlan Maclean of Lochbuie. His siblings were Donald, Charles, John, and Lachlan.

He had the misfortune of being the representative of the family in evil times, on which account he and his tribe in a more especial manner were persecuted for depredations committed not only by them, but for the deeds of other clans also. In 1685 an indemnity for their past offenses was procured by Torloisk at London, but as Torloisk died soon after his return, no one knew it was in his custody until afterward accidentally discovered. While it was dormant Ardgour was judged and obliged to borrow sums of money by mortgaging considerable portions of his estate to pay these debts, which, together with other additional burdens added and contracted through misfortunes and mismanagement on his own as well as his son Donald's part, the estate sunk so low, that it was thought to be in a desperate condition. When the affairs reached their lowest point, Hector Maclean, 4th Laird of Coll, Donald Maclean, 5th Laird of Torloisk, John MacLean, minister in Kilninan, and Archibald MacLean, minister in the Ross of Mull, took upon themselves the management of the estate, and after passing through much trouble and changes, appointed Donald Cameron of Strontin superintendent under them. Cameron continued a few years, went to Edinburgh, took a ship at Leith, and never was heard of afterward. The management of the estate fell back again into the hands of the trustees, and in a tottering condition continued for many years. On the death of the eldest son Donald, in 1731, Allan made over the estate to John, then the oldest living son, after which John continued the management under the trustees. Allan reserved for himself a small yearly portion.

Marriage
He married Anne, daughter of Sir Ewen Cameron of Lochiel, and had issue:

 Donald, Ewen, John, 11th Laird of Ardgour, Archibald, Allan, James, Isabella, Margaret, and Mary Maclean

Donald never married; Ewen died comparatively young, on his way from Virginia, where he had been engaged in mercantile pursuits; Archibald died unmarried; Allan emigrated to Georgia, and died there; James was a lieutenant in Montgomery's Highlanders, and was killed at sea in an action with a privateer on June 1, 1767; Isabella married Donald Maclean, 3rd Laird of Brolas; Margaret married Angus MacLean of Kinlochaline; and Mary married John, son of Charles MacLean of Kinlochaline.

Allan died in 1756, in the eighty-eighth year of his age.

References

1668 births
1756 deaths
Allan
Allan


Vitos is one of seven parishes (administrative divisions) in the municipality of Grandas de Salime, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 20 (INE 2006).

Villages and hamlets
Brualla
Magadán
Puente de Vitos (A Ponte de Vitos)
Vitos

References

Parishes in Grandas de Salime


Yuri Aleksandrovich Pershin (; born 30 June 1986) is a former Russian football player.

Club career
He played two seasons in the Russian Football National League for FC Vityaz Podolsk.

External links

1986 births
Footballers from Saint Petersburg
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
FC Zenit-2 Saint Petersburg players
FC Novokuznetsk players
FC Vityaz Podolsk players
FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg players


A stone and muller is a hand-operated tool used for mixing and grinding paint. The stone and muller was popular with artists and tradesmen from the late 18th through the 19th century. A stone and muller differs from a mortar and pestle in that the former consists of two flat stone surfaces which are rubbed together to create a paste, whereas the latter consists of a bowl and stick.

See also
Britannica
Malerwerkzeug (in German)

Footnotes

References
Evans, Nancy Goyne (2006): Windsor-chair Making in America, UPNE,  .
Ure, Andrew and Nicholson, William (1831): A Dictionary of Chemistry and Mineralogy: With Their Applications, Cole Collection of Chemistry, Fourth Edition, published by Thomas Tegg, London, and R. Griffin & Co., Glasgow.

Hand tools
Paints


Cardona Island Light (also known as Faro del Puerto de Ponce or Cayo Cardona Light) is the only 6th order lighthouse in Puerto Rico with a cylindrical attached tower.  The light is located on Cardona Island, a small island on the west side of the entrance to the harbor of Ponce, Puerto Rico. It was listed in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on 22 October 1981.

Location
The light is located on a small  key, west of Ponce Harbor. Cayo Cardona Light is the western minor light that together with Guánica Light connects Los Morrillos Light and Caja de Muertos Light and guides the entrance to the Port of Ponce. The island is accessible only by private boat, but it can be seen from the observation tower on the La Guancha boardwalk. It is not open to the public.

It was first lit in 1889 and automated in 1962. In 1942, during World War II, its use was discontinued, but was relighted again on 10 November 1943. The light is still an active aid to navigation.

Significance
Together with Guánica Light, Cardona Light is the western minor light which connects Cabo Rojo Light and Caja de Muertos Light and guides the entrance to a port that, during the course of last century, exported millions of pounds of sugar particularly to the United States. Architecturally, it is significant that it is the only 6th order lighthouse with a cylindrical attached tower. Also, the original brick roof and firewood beams are practically intact.

Description
The lighthouse was built of stone and brick and intended for one second class keeper. The light, built in 1889, guides the entrance to the Port of Ponce, as a 6th order red fixed light.

Structurally, it followed the same construction as three other minor lights on the south and southeast shores: Punta Figuras, Punta Mulas, and Puerto Ferro. It lacks, though, the distinctive decorative elements of non-existing Punta Higuero or ruinous Guernica. Nevertheless, it possesses a charm of its own: a petite neo-classic symmetrically-balanced official design.

Cayo Cardona's dwelling was designed of stone and brick for one 2nd class keeper. A  circular tower was attached to its south facade. The structure measures some 48' x 30' x 16'. Its main entrance is on the north facade which opened into a room arrangement similar to the other minor structures of the light house and described further below. The fact that no plans of this structure have been found, and that its interior has been closed off with cement makes it difficult to describe. Only secondary references, a late 19th-century photo of the site, and official references to the similar or identical design of the minor lights allows a reserved description of this particular site.

The c. 1898 photo available depicts a simple neo-classic building with a rather elaborate cornice and a simple roof parapet. Contrary to other minor lights, the tower is cylindrical, crowned by another cornice less elaborated than the dwelling's. The photograph states that the structure was painted white and light blue.

The tower's cast-iron stairway led to an octagonal glass, copper, and cast-iron lantern with vertical bars and a cast-iron balustrade surrounding an exterior cement gallery.

The original illuminating apparatus, still in use, is an 1888, 6th order fixed red lenticular lens manufactured by Sautter, Lemonnier & Company of France. It is  in diameter. The lens has four panels, with five elements in each panel of the central drum, and five prisms on each panel above the central drum and two below. It was held in place by a cast-iron pedestal. The original light was colored by a red chimney.  The original light characteristics were modified in 1922 and 1938. In 1962 it was electrified and, apparently, unmanned.

See also

 List of lighthouses in Puerto Rico
 Isla Cardona

References

External links

Historic American Engineering Record in Puerto Rico
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Puerto Rico
Lighthouses completed in 1889
1889 establishments in Puerto Rico
National Register of Historic Places in Ponce, Puerto Rico
Neoclassical architecture in Puerto Rico
Spanish Colonial architecture in Puerto Rico

es:Isla Cardona


St George's Roman Catholic Church is located in Louisville, Kentucky and is a Neo-Baroque church constructed in 1915. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1982, and the listing was increased in 1996.

Founding
The first iteration of the parish was chartered in 1897, and a church, rectory and school was constructed along 18th Street in Marysville, later incorporated into Louisville. Due to a rapidly increasing population in the working-class neighborhood, Louisville architect Frederick Erhart was hired to design a Romanesque Revival church that was dedicated in 1910.

The old church was reused for an expansion of the school, which was later augmented with several additions.

1915 Relocation
In 1915, the original rectory was relocated from its original location facing 18th Street to Standard Avenue, and it was given a new foundation and brick veneer. In the place of the original, a larger two-story rectory was constructed, attached to the church by a central corridor.

Population in the region contained to swell, so construction was completed on a new, three-level catholic school in 1923 along Standard Avenue. The school was expanded with a two-story addition in 1935, which included the completion of a smokestack and boiler, and two small, attached sheds.

1925 Relocation
Two years later, the Dixie Highway, later known as U.S. Route 31W, was established along 18th Street. The new designation brought forth additional traffic, and the roadway was widened to four-lanes. In addition, the Louisville & Nashville Railroad eliminated multiple at-grade crossings and replaced them with underpasses. As a result, the church property was affected and the building was relocated to face Standard Avenue in October.

Continued growth in the neighborhood necessitated another expansion for the church, however, World War II delayed any construction until the war was resolved. In 1947, the expansion, a gymnasium and classroom complex, was completed in two stages that was finished in the following year. The final construction project was the completion of a two-story convent in 1959.

The church was moved at some point. The NRHP listing was increased in 1996 to include a rectory and additional buildings.

See also
 Saint George: Devotions, traditions and prayers

Further reading
St. George's Roman Catholic Church at Abandoned

References

Roman Catholic churches completed in 1909
National Register of Historic Places in Louisville, Kentucky
Roman Catholic churches in Louisville, Kentucky
Renaissance Revival architecture in Kentucky
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Kentucky
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States
Relocated buildings and structures in Kentucky
1909 establishments in Kentucky
Clergy houses


Henry B Bolster (1792–1859) was a politically active entrepreneur in Manhattan New York during the early to mid 19th century. He was born in New Hampshire to an American family with roots back to the 17th century.  His father was a Revolutionary War and The War of 1812 Veteran rising to the rank of Captain. Henry served as the Superintendent of Paving for the City of New York as well as was elected in two different Wards of Manhattan to the office of Assistant Alderman therefore served on the Common Council. Henry also was the original founder of a stage coach line that made him a wealthy man. Because of his wealth, he was an investor in several other business adventures including Insurance and Banking.

Birth and early years
He was born on 8 June 1792 at Stoddard, Cheshire Co., NH. He was the son of Baruch Bolster and Anna Loveland. Henry moved to New Haven CT.  There he served in the War of 1812 and rose to the rank of captain. He then moved to New York City around 1815.

Name issues
Most early records and documentation refer to Henry B Bolster as Baruch (or Barack, Barck, etc.) Bolster. There are numerous errors with the spelling his unusual first name. Henry B Bolster may have been born Baruch Bolster, Jr and later added the Henry to his name to be Henry Baruch Bolster. All references made to Baruch Bolster born 1792 is the same person who later became known as Henry B Bolster. The evidence is overwhelming.

New York City
Henry first married Elizabeth Newhall in 1815. She was from New Haven.  She died of Typhoid Fever in 1818.

He then married Sarah Maria Chilson, daughter of Asaph Chilson and Hestor Cornell on Feb 28, 1822 in New York City.  He lived at 39 W 43rd Street, Manhattan.

Politics
In 1835, he was a Grocer.

Henry was an active member of the  Whig Party. An article that appeared on June 6, 1839 in the Hudson River Chronicle discusses the Loco-Focoism as Henry was fired as Superintendent of Pavements for the City of New York as a result of a shift of the political power in charge.

Another article appeared in The Hudson River Chronicle, December 17, 1839 that discusses the Whig General Committee's approval of their delegates to the Convention and states Henry was approved as one of several Vice-Presidents of the Whigs.

Bolster, Henry B. (Grocer), Assistant Alderman, Eleventh Ward, 1827. Assistant Alderman, Sixteenth Ward, 1851.

Henry was a Trustee for the Knickerbocker Savings Bank in 1852 and a Director for the St Nicholas Insurance Company in 1853.

Stage coach/Omnibus business

Henry B. Bolster, along with his son Henry Clay Bolster, and his son-in-law, Samuel Wakeman Andrews, started his  Stage Coach business in 1846. In the 1850 census, the Bolsters are both listed as Stage Proprietors. It looks like Samuel didn't work for the business directly until the early 1850s (according to his obit and the 1850 census that lists his occupation as Dry Goods). Henry Clay Bolster died in 1854. The business was called Bolster & Andrews and referred to as the Empire Line.

Simeon Mace Andrews  returned from San Francisco after obtaining a small fortune from the gold rush in the 1850s. He bought into the business along with his two other brothers Benjamin Clark Andrews and Charles Simeon Andrews and the business was called Bolster, Andrews, & McDonald.

After Henry Bolster's death in 1859, the firm was called S.W. & S.M. Andrews & McDonald. Simeon and Samuel Andrews were the majority owners along with Grant McDonald (New York City Directory, 1869: McDonald John Grant, stages, 23 W. 43d, h 41 W. 42d). Grant McDonald dies in the 1871 and the name of the business was then S.W. & S.M. Andrews. In the 1880 census, all four Andrews brothers occupations were listed as Stage Proprietors.

On Ancestry.com, the following was documented about this stage line:

Henry Bolster business is Omnibus business @ 23 W. 43rd St N.Y. Route from there to Fulton Ferry. Omnibus firm in 1852 was Bolster, Andrews & McDonald, changed to S.W. & S.M. Andrews & McDonald, latter died in 1871 leaving it S.W. & S.M. Andrews. They had 450 horses on this line.

The business and stables were located at 23 west 43rd Street, Manhattan.

The business was sold in 1885 to the Broadway Surface Railroad Company as were all of the stage lines in New York City. Here is a story from the New York Times July 11, 1885 telling of the auctioning of the old equipment:

After this business was sold, another enterprise was started by unrelated individuals that was called the Fifth Avenue Stage Line which was a corporation. This business was eventually taken over by the City of New York.

Their route lay from Sixth Avenue and Fourteenth Street, through Ninth to and down Broadway.

On The EarlyRepublic.net website, a reference to this business was written as follows - which documents the initial purchase of the stage line by Samuel Andrews and "another":

Before closing these "Reminiscences," it is pertinent to them to put on record a few illustrations of the passenger street travel of the preceding period. In connection, then, with the notices of the primitive stage routes given in the early chapters, the following are added: In 1830 there was established an irregular line of stages (omnibuses) between Bleecker Street and the Bowling Green, and occasionally a passenger could have himself carried some distance above Bleecker Street. In like manner, so late as 1836, Asa Hall and Kipp & Brown, of the Greenwich lines, had small stages ("carryalls" they were termed), in which passengers were transferred from Charles Street to their destination within the limit of Twentythird Street and Seventh Avenue. In 1845 this Broadway line was purchased by John Marshall, who extended the service from Corporal Thompson's (Twentythird Street and Fifth Avenue) through Fifth Avenue to Thirteenth Street, thence through University Place to Eleventh Street, then to Broadway, through Broadway to Fulton Street, and then to the Brooklyn Ferry. 'In 1846 Samuel NV.[sic.] Andrews, in company with another, bought the line, consisting of less than twenty stages, increased soon after to thirty.'

Family
Henry and Sarah Bolster had 10 children in all.  They were:

Hester Ann Bolster (1824-abt 1905) married James Andrews (?-1848) in 1844. She then married a Robert H. Shannon. Robert was friends with Ulysses S. Grant. Hester was living with her son in NJ in the 1900 census.

Children
 Charles Wilmot Shannon (1853-1861)
 Harry C Shannon (1856- ) married Daisy Talcott Coolidge
 Nellie Andrews Shannon  (1858-1861)
 Robert I Shannon (1862-1890)
 Herbert H Shannon (1864- ) married Mary N Morris

Eliza Jean Bolster (1825–1920) married Henry H Butler (1814–1888) in 1844. Henry H Butler was born on Staten Island to Capt. Henry Butler (1791–1864) and Magdalena Ellis (1791–1814). He was 2nd Cousin to Cornelius Vanderbilt from his mother's side. Eliza and Henry and most of their family members are buried in Moravian Cemetery at New Dorp on Staten Island.

Children
 Cornelia J Butler (1845-1929) married John H Burgher
 James Henry Butler (1847- )
 Sarah Maria Butler (1849-1917) married George A Burgher
 George Washington Butler (1851-1934)
 Ella Frances Butler (1853-1888) married George Henry Prier
 Emilie Augusta Butler (1856-1920) married Alexander C Bragaw
 Simeon Andrews Butler (1858-1943) married Ella Gertrude Brown
 Fanny Butler (1866-1875)

Henry Clay Bolster (1827–1854) married Mary Jane Whitting in 1853. Henry died not to long after his marriage and didn't have any children.

Naomi Maria Bolster (1829–1897) married Samuel Wakeman Andrews, Sr. (1823–1897) in 1848.

Children
 Alica Maria Andrews (1854-1907) married Milton L Williams
 Julia Bolster Andrews (1857-1893) married William Edgar Johnson
 Samuel Wakeman Andrews (1866-1935) married Harriet Hammond

Daniel Webster Bolster (1832–1836).

Mary Ellen Bolster (1836–1903) married Simeon Mace Andrews (1825–1891) in 1857.

Children
 Ella Bolster Andrews (1864- ) married Everett W Little
 Grace Andrews (1871-1873)

George Washington Bolster (1833–1891) married Levantia S Carpenter (1859–1879). He was a Civil War veteran.

Children
 Samuel A Bolster (1875-1886)
 George W Bolster (1877- )

William Seward Bolster (1839–1842).

Francis Augusta Bolster (1842–1908) married Thomas A Smith in 1867.  She was a school teacher in New York.

Sarah Emily Bolster (1845) "Sick and baptized at the residence of the parents".

Death
Henry died on July 21, 1859.

Obituary
Brooklyn Papers please copy;

Bolster- In this city on Thursday evening, July 21, Henry B. Bolster, Ex Assistant Alderman of the XIth and XVIth Wards, aged 67 years, 1 month and 13 days. The funeral will take place on Sunday the 24th inst at 1 o'clock PM from his late residence, No 33 West 43d St. His remains will be taken to Greenwood Cemetery. His friends and those of his son George W. Bolster and his sons in law, Samuel W. Andrews, Simeon M. Andrews, Henry H. Butler, and Robert H. Shannon are respectfully invited to attend without further notice.

References

19th-century American businesspeople
1792 births
1859 deaths
Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
People from Stoddard, New Hampshire
New York (state) Whigs
19th-century American politicians


The Anjou Legendarium is a Gothic illuminated manuscript of a collection of stories from the life of saints important to the House of Anjou of Hungary. It was made on the occasion of the journey of Charles I of Hungary and his son Prince Andrew to Naples in Italy in 1330.

The legendarium was a picture book intended for children with a brief text accompanying pictures. The painters of the work came from Bologna and painted in the style of the trecento.

Portions of the manuscript can be found in the Vatican Library, the Morgan Library and the Hermitage Museum. The medieval Legendarium of more than 140 pages contains images and scenes of the life of Jesus Christ, the Hungarian bishop Saint Gerard Sagredo, the prince Saint Emeric of Hungary, the King Saint Ladislaus I of Hungary, the Polish bishop Stanislaus of Szczepanów, Saint Francis of Assisi, Saint Martin, Saint George and of many other legendary Christians.

See also
Saint Ladislaus legend

References

Further reading

Stella Mary Newton, "Tomaso da Modena, Simone Martini, Hungarians and St. Martin in Fourteenth-Century Italy", Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 43 (1980), pp. 234–238.
Béla Zsolt Szakács, The Visual World of the Hungarian Angevin Legendary (Central European University Press, 2016).

Hungarian chronicles
Christian illuminated manuscripts
Gothic art
Collection of the Morgan Library & Museum
Manuscripts of the Vatican Library
Collection of the Hermitage Museum
Illuminated manuscripts of the Louvre


OWM may refer to:
 Office of War Mobilization
 OpenWeatherMap


Get the Picture? is the second album by the English rock band Pretty Things, released in 1965.

Recording

Get the Picture? was recorded quickly as a follow-up to Pretty Things' self-titled debut album. Jimmy Page cowrote the album's opening song "You Don’t Believe Me".

Composition

The album, misidentified as What's The Picture?, was described as being influenced by soul music in a review of the box set The Complete Studio Albums 1965-2020, while another reviewer said that the album saw the band incorporate folk rock into their style.

Release

A compact disc reissue, which was remastered from the original session tapes, expanded the album to 18 tracks, with the addition of songs recorded in the same sessions for singles or extended plays. In 2023, all 13 of the band's studio albums were included in the box set The Complete Studio Albums 1965-2020.

Reception

AllMusic wrote that Get the Picture? was "a record that's just a few notches short of Rolling Stones level in the charisma department" and that "Pretty Things approach Rolling Stones' territory, and even in their off moments, they're flying at the same level as the Kinks' album tracks." Uncut, in a review of the band's studio albums box set, said that the album "showed they were eager to grow".

Track listing

Personnel

The Pretty Things
Phil May – vocals
Dick Taylor – lead guitar
Brian Pendleton – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
John Stax – bass, backing vocals
Viv Prince – drums (on a handful of tracks)
Bobby Graham – drums (on a handful of tracks)
Twink – drums (on two tracks)

On the bonus tracks, the lineup was May, Taylor, Pendleton, Stax and Skip Alan on drums.

References

1965 albums
Pretty Things albums
Albums produced by Glyn Johns
Fontana Records albums
Albums produced by Bobby Graham


The Old Towns of Djenné (, ) is an archaeological and urban ensemble located in the city of Djenné, in Mali. It comprises four archaeological sites, namely Djenné-Djeno, Hambarkétolo, Kaniana and Tonomba. In 1988, it was inscribed by the UNESCO on the World Heritage list.

History
Inhabited since 250 B.C., Djenné became a market centre and an important link in the trans-Saharan gold trade. In the 15th and 16th centuries, it was one of the centres for the propagation of Islam. Its traditional houses, of which nearly 2,000 have survived, are built on hillocks (toguere) as protection from the seasonal floods.

Sources

References


Petroleum Center is a populated place and ghost town in Cornplanter Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania, United States.  In the 19th century, the name was also spelled "Petroleum Centre".  The town today is almost deserted.

Geography
Petroleum Center is located at  (41.516, -79.682), at an elevation of 1,070 feet above sea level, along the banks of Oil Creek.  It is most easily found on local maps at the intersection of Petroleum Center Road and Russell Corners Road, within Oil Creek State Park, approximately five miles north-northeast  of Oil City.  Petroleum Center lies near the tracks of the Oil Creek and Titusville Railroad.

History

As the name implies, Petroleum Center was developed during the Pennsylvanian oil rush of the mid-19th century. The first well was drilled on the George Washington McClintock Farm in 1860.  Soon, a small community grew about half way between Oil City and Titusville. George Henry Bissell, James Bishop and others formed the Central Petroleum Company which owned the farm in the beginning of 1866, when daily production topped 1,000 barrels per day. By the summer of 1866, over 3,000 people called the Centre home with a bank, two churches, a theater, a half-dozen hotels/boarding houses, and stores serving all the needs of the growing community. Bissel & Co. Banking House stimulated economic growth with its direct ties to financial institutions in New York City.  President Ulysses S. Grant visited the town in 1871.  When a fire devastated the nearby town of Pithole, Pennsylvania, that town's newspaper, the Pithole Daily Record, was relocated to Petroleum Center.  The town was founded in 1866 and was essentially abandoned after 1873.

Notable person

The town is the birthplace of Congressman James F. Burke.

See also
 Oil Creek Railroad

References
Anonymous. 1915. Honor Memory of the Discoverer of Petroleum. New York Times, August 29, 1915.
Giddens, Paul H.  "The Birth of the Oil Industry" (New York: Macmillan co., 1938).
Moore, W.B. & J.F. Sherretts. 2008. Oil Boom Architecture: Titusville, Pithole, and Petroleum Center, Pennsylvania (Images of America Series). Arcadia Publ. Mount Pleasant, SC. 128 pp.
Wright, W. 1865. The Oil Regions of Pennsylvania: Showing Where Petroleum Is Found; How It Is Obtained, and at What Cost. With Hints for Whom It May Concern. Harper & Brothers, New York.

External links
Oil Creek State Park Map
1872 Map of Venango County
United States Petroleum Company - Venango County, Pennsylvania - Incorporated in New York 1866

Ghost towns in Pennsylvania
Geography of Venango County, Pennsylvania
Populated places established in 1866
1866 establishments in Pennsylvania


Greatest Hits, Volume 2 is the second of two greatest hits albums released on the same day in 1992 by country music artist Randy Travis. Three new songs were recorded for this album and one, "Look Heart, No Hands", was released as a single and reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. The other newly recorded songs were "Take Another Swing at Me" and "I'd Do It All Again With You". This album has so far been Travis' last album to be certified platinum by the RIAA.

Track listing

Chart performance

Notes

Albums produced by Kyle Lehning
1992 greatest hits albums
Warner Records compilation albums
Randy Travis compilation albums


The seventh legislative assembly election to Tamil Nadu was held on 28 May 1980. The election was held two years before the end of the term of M. G. Ramachandran administration, as it was dissolved for the failure of state machinery by the then President of India Neelam Sanjiva Reddy. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam allied with the Indian National Congress (Indira) and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam with Janata Party. Despite their landslide victory of 37 out of 39 seats at the general election in January 1980, DMK and Indira Congress failed to win the legislative assembly election. AIADMK won the election and its leader and incumbent Chief Minister MGR was sworn in as Chief Minister for the second time.

Background
The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam allied with Indian National Congress (Indira) in 1977 parliamentary election. However, when Janata Party won the election and Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister, M. G. Ramachandran extended unconditional support to the Janata party Government. He continued his support to the Charan Singh Government in 1979. After the fall of the Charan Singh government, fresh parliamentary elections were conducted in 1980. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam struck alliance with INC(I). AIADMK and Janata Party alliance won only 2 seats in Tamil Nadu in that parliamentary election. INC(I) won the election and Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister.

Dismissal of AIADMK government
Congress-DMK victory in the 1980 parliamentary election emboldened their alliance and made them think that people lost their faith in M. G. Ramachandran government. DMK pressed the union government to dismiss the Tamil Nadu government using similar allegations used by M.G.R to dismiss DMK government in 1976. The AIADMK ministry and the assembly were dismissed by the union government on grounds of civil disorder due to Farmers protest for electricity subsidy. General elections were conducted in 1980.

Seat allotments
After the Lok Sabha election, negotiations in seat allotments between DMK and INC(I) were heated. They finally agreed on contesting in equal number of seats. This led to the debate on who the will be the Chief Minister if the alliance wins, which led to TNCC general secretary G.K. Moopanar and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi announcing that DMK president M. Karunanidhi will be the CM candidate for the alliance. Even after the announcement, party leaders were under the impression that DMK must outperform INC(I), in order for Karunanidhi to get the chief ministership.

AIADMK Front

DMK Front

Voting and Results

Results by Pre-Poll Alliance

|-
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Alliance/Party
!style="width:4px" |
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats won
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Change
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Popular Vote
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Vote %
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Adj. %‡
|-
! style="background-color:#009900; color:white"|AIADMK+ alliance
! style="background-color: " |
| 162
| +14
| 9,328,839
| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"| 48.9%
|-
|AIADMK
! style="background-color: #008000" |
| 129
| −1
| 7,303,010
| 38.8%
| 50.4%
|-
|CPI(M)
! style="background-color: #000080" |
| 11
| −1
| 596,406
| 3.2%
| 47.6%
|-
|CPI
! style="background-color: #0000FF" |
| 9
| +4
| 501,032
| 2.7%
| 43.9%
|-
|GKC
! style="background-color: teal" |
| 6
| +6
| 322,440
| 1.7%
| 44.1%
|-
|IND
! style="background-color: olive" |
| 6
| +6
| 488,296
| 2.6%
|
|-
|FBL
! style="background-color: #800000" |
| 1
| –
| 65,536
| 0.4%
| 44.6%
|-
|INC(U)
! style="background-color:" |
| 0
| –
| 52,119
| 0.3%
| 29.3%
|-
! style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|DMK+ alliance
! style="background-color: " |
| 69
| −6
| 8,371,718
| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"| 44.4%
|-
|DMK
! style="background-color: #FF0000" |
| 37
| −11
| 4,164,389
| 22.1%
| 45.7%
|-
|INC(I)
! style="background-color: #00FFFF" |
| 31
| +4
| 3,941,900
| 20.9%
| 43.4%
|-
|IND
! style="background-color: lime" |
| 1
| +1
| 265,429
| 1.4%
|
|-
! style="background-color:gray; color:white"|Others
! style="background-color:gray" |
| 3
| −8
| 1,144,449
| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"| 6.1%
|-
|JNP(JP)
! style="background-color: #FFFF00" |
| 2
| −8
| 522,641
| 2.8%
| 6.9%
|-
|IND
! style="background-color: #666666" |
| 1
| –
| 598,897
| 3.2%
| –
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |Total
! style="background-color: " |
| 234
| –
| 18,845,006
| 100%
| –
|-
|}
‡: Vote % reflects the percentage of votes the party received compared to the entire electorate that voted in this election. Adjusted (Adj.) Vote %, reflects the % of votes the party received per constituency that they contested.
Sources: Election Commission of India and Keesing's Report

By constituency

M.G.R's Second Cabinet
After the Seventh General Elections held in 1980, a new Ministry with Dr. M. G. Ramachandran as Chief Ministers was formed on the noon of 9 June 1980. The names of
the Ministers with their portfolios are given below:

Thiruvalargal S.R. Eradha and M.R. Govendan and Selvi P. Vijayalakhsmi were
appointed as additional Members of the Council of Ministers with effect from 1 July 1983.
Consequently the business of the Government was re-allocated among the Ministers as follows
with effect from 1 July 1983:

 Thiru M. G. Ramachandran, Chief Minister-Minister in-charge of Public, General Administration, Indian administrative Service, District Revenue Officers, Deputy Collectors, Police, Prevention of corruption, Planning Molasses and Archaeology.
 Thiru (Dr.). V. R. Nedunchezhiyan, Minister for Finance-Minister-in-charge of Finance, Legislature, Elections, Food, Youth Service Corps, Price Control and exservicemen.
 Thiru S. Ramachandran, Minister for Electricity-Minister-in-charge of Electricity, Iron and Steel control.
 Thiru K. A. Krishnasamy, Minister for Rural Industries-Minister-in-charge of Rural Industries including Village, Cottage and small Industries, Milk Dairy development, Registration and Stamp Act.
 Thiru S. D. Somasundaram, Minister for Revenue-Minister-in-charge of Revenue, Commercial Taxes, Excise and Census.
 Thiru R. M. Veerappan, Minister for Information and Religious Endowments Minister-in-charge of Information and Publicity, Film Technology, Tourism, Tourism Development corporation, Cinchona and Grant of Liquor Permits.
 Thiru C. Arangayagam, Minister for Education-Minister-in-charge of Education including Technical education, Official Language and Handlooms.
 Thiru K. Kalimuthu, Minister for Agriculture-Minister-in-charge of Agriculture, Agricultural Refinance, Agricultural Engineering Wing and Agro-Engineering
 Thiru C. Ponnaiyan, Minister for Co-operation and Law-Minister-in-charge of Law, Courts, Prisons, Legislation on Weights and Measures, Registration of companies, Debt Relief including Legislation on Money Lending and Legislation on Chits and Co-operation.
 Thiru P. Kulandaivelu, Minister for Local Administration-Minister-in-charge of Municipal Administration, Panchayats, and Panchayat Unions, Community Development, Rural Indebtedness Bhoodan and Gramdhan and Highways.
 Thiru S. Raghavanandham, Minister for Labour-Minister-in-charge of Labour, Housing, slum-clearance Board, Statistics, Tamil Nadu water Supply and Drainage Board, Town Planning and Accommodation Control
 Thiru (Dr.) H. V. Hande, Minister for Health-Minister-in-charge of Health.
 Thiru K. Raja Mohammed, Minister for Irrigation-Minister-in-charge of AgroService, Co-operative Societies, Irrigation including Minor Irrigation and Wakf.
 Thiru S. Muthusamy, Minister for transport-Minister-in-charge of Transport, Nationalised Transport, Motor Vehicles Act and Ports.
 Thiru S. Thirunavukkarasu, Minister for Industries-Minister-in-charge of Large Scale Industries, Mines and Minerals and Textiles.
 Thiru S. N. Rajendran, Minister for Public works-Minister-in-charge of Prohibition excluding grant of liquor permits, Passports, P.W.D. and Establishment matters relating to public Works Department.
 Thiru M. Vijayasarathi, Minister for Adi-Dravidar Welfare-Minister-in-charge of Adi-Dravidar Welfare, Stationery and Printing, Government Press, News Print control, Hilo Tribes and Bonded Labour and Employment Training.
 Thiru S. R. Eradha, Minister for Fisheries-Minister-in-charge of Fisheries.
 Thiru M. R. Govendan, Minister for Backward Classes: Minister-in-charge of Backward Classes.
 Thirumathi Gomathi Sainivasan, Minister for Social Welfare: Minister-in charge of Social welfare including women and Children welfare, Animal Husbandry, Beggars Home, Orphanages, Indian Overseas, Refugees and Evacuees and Correctional Administration.
 Selvi P. Vijayalakshmi, Minister for Khadi-Minister-in-charge of Khadi. Thiru K. Raja Mohammed ceased to be a Member of the Council of Ministers and Tvl.
R. Soundararajan, Y. S. M. Yusuf, R Arunachalam and K.Kalaimani were appointed as additional Members of the Council of Minister with effect from 9 September 1983. Consequently the business of the Government was re-allocated among the Ministers as follows with effect from 9 September 1983:

 Thiru (Dr). M. G. Ramachandran, Chief Minister-Minister-in-charge of Public, General Administration, Indian Administrative Service and Other All India Services, District Revenue Officers, Deputy Collectors, Police, Prevention of Corruption, Planning, Molasses, Archaeology and Excise.
 Thiru (Dr). V. R. Nedunchezhiyan, Minister for Finance-Minister-in-charge of Finance. Legislature, Election, Food, Youth Service Corps, Price Control and Ex-servicemen.
 Thiru S. Ramafhandran, Minister for Electricity-Minister-in-charge of Electricity, Iron and Steel Control.
 Thiru K. A. Krishnaswamy, Minister for Dairy Development-Minister-in-charge of Milk, Dairy Development, Registration and Stamp Act.
 Thiru S. D. Somasundaran, Minister for Revenue. Minister-in-charge of Revenue, Commercial Taxes and Census.
 Thiru R. M. Veerappan, Minister for Information and Religious Endowments. Minister-in-charge of Information and Publicity Film Technology, Tourism, Tourism Development Corporation, Cinematograph Act, Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments, Forest, Cinchona and Grant of Liquor Permits.
 Thiru C. Aranganayagam, Minister for Education: Minister-in-charge of Education Including Technical Education Official Language, and Handlooms.
 Thiru K. Kalimuhth, Minister for Agriculture: Ministers in Charge of Agriculture, Agricultural Refinance, Agricultural Engineering Wing and Agro Engineering.
 Thiru C. Ponnaiyan, Minister for Co-operation and Law: Ministers in Charge of Law, Courts Prisons, Legislation on Weights and Measures, Registration of Companies, Debt Relief Including Legislation on Money Lending and Legislation on Chits and Co-operation.
 Thiru P. Kulandaivelu, Minister for Local Administration: Minister in Charge of Municipal Administration, Panchayats and Panchayat Union, Community Development, Rural Indebtedness, Bhodhan and Gramphan and Highway.
 Thiru S. Raghavanandham, Minister for Labour: Minister in Charge of Labour, Housing, Slum Clearance Board, Statistics, Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, Town Planning and Accommodation Control:
 Thiru (Dr.) H. V. Hande, Minister for Health: Minister in Charge of Health.
 Thiru S. Muhtusamy, Minister for Transport: Minister in Charge of Transport, Nationalised Transport Motor Vehicles Act and Ports.
 Thiru S. Thirunavukkarasu, Minister for Industries: Minister in Charge of Large Scale Industries Mines and Minerals and Textiles.
 Thiru S. N. Rajendran, Minister for Public Works: Minister in charge of Prohibition excluding grant of Liquor permits, Passports, P.W.D. and Establishment matters relating to Public Works Department.
 Thiru M. Vijayasarathi, Minister for Adi-dravidar Welfare. Minister in Charge of Adi-dravidar Welfare, Stationery and Printing, Government Press, News Print Control, Hill Tribes and Bonded Labour and Employment Training.
 Thiru R. Soundararajan, Minister for Nutritious Meals: Minister in Charge of Nutritious Meals.
 Thiru S. R. Eradha, Minister for Environmental Pollution Control. Minister in Charge of Environmental Pollution Control.
 Thiru M. R. Govendan, Minister for Backward Classes. Minister in Charge of Backward Classes.
 Thirumathi Gomathi Srinivasan, Minister for Social Welfare. Minister in Charge of Social Welfare Including Women and Children Welfare, Animal Husbandry, Beggars Home, Orphanages, Indian Overseas, Refugees and Evacuees and Correctional Administration.
 Thirumathi Vijayalakshmi Palanisamy, Minister for Khadi. Minister in Charge of Khadi.
 Thiru Y. S. M. Yusuf, Minister for Irrigation and Wakf. Minister in Charge of Agro Services Co-operative Societies, Irrigation Including Minor Irrigation and Wakf.
 Thiru R. Arunachalam, Minister for Rural Industries-Minister in Charge of Rural Industries Including Village, Cottage and Small Industries.
 Thiru K. Kalaimani, Minister for Fisheries. Minister in Charge of Fisheries.

Thiruvalargal T. Veerasamy and K.K.S.S.R. Ramachandran were appointed as
additional Members of the Council of Ministers with effect from 5 September 1984. The
business of the Government was re-allocated among the Ministers as follows with effect from
5 September 1984.

 Thiru (Dr.) M. G. Ramachandran Chief Minister, Minister in Charge of Public, General Administration, Indian Administrative Service and Other All India Services, District Revenue Officers, Deputy Collectors, Police, Prevention of Corruption, Planning,  Molasses Archaeology, Prohibition Excluding Grant of Liquor Permits, Electronics, Science and Technology.
 Thiru (Dr.) V. R. Nedunchezhiyan, Minister for Finance. Minister in Charge of Finance, Revenue, Legislature, Elections, Youth Service Corps, and Ex-servicemen.
 Thiru S. Ramachandran, Minister for Electricity. Minister in Charge of Electricity, Iron and Steel Control.
 Thiru K. A. Krishnasamy, Minister for Dairy Development. Minister in Charge of Milk, Dairy Development, Registration and Stamp Act.
 Thiru R. M. Veerappan, Minister for Information and Religious Endowments. Minister in Charge of Information and Publicity, Film Technology, Tourism, Tourism Development Corporation, Cinematograph Act, Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments, Forest, Cinchona and Grant of Liquor Permits.
 Thiru C. Aranganayagam, Minister for Education. Minister in Charge of Education and Official Language.
 Thiru (Dr.) K. Kalimuthu, Minister for Agriculture. Minister in Charge of Agriculture, Agricultural Refinance, Agricultural Engineering Wing and Agro-engineering.
 Thiru C. Ponnaiyan, Minister for Law and Industries. Minister in Charge of Law, Courts, Prisons, Legislation on Weights and Measures, Registration of Companies, Debt Relief Including Legislation on Money Lending and Legislation on Chits, Large Scale Industries, Mines and Minerals.
 Thiru P. Kulandaivelu, Minister for Nutritious Meals-Minister in Charge of Nutritious Meals, Bhoodan and Gramdhan and Highways.
 Thiru S. Raghavanandham, Minister for Labour-Minister in Charge of Labour, Statistics, Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, Town Planning and Accommodation Control.
 Thiru (Dr.) H. V. Hande, Minister for Health. Minister in Charge of Health.
 Thiru S. Muthusamy, Minister for Transport-Minister in Charge of Transport, Nationalised Transport, Motor Vehicles Act and Ports.
 Thiru S. Thirunavukkarasu, Minister for Commercial Taxes and Handloomsminister in Charge of Commercial Taxes, Excise, Handlooms and Textiles.
 Thiru S. Rajendran, Minister for Environmental Pollution Control-Minister in Charge of Environmental Pollution Control and Passport.
 Thiru M. Vijayasarathi, Minister for Adi-drav9dar Welfare-Minister in Charge of Adi-dravidar Welfare, Stationery and Printing, Government Press, News Print Control, Hill Tribes and Bonded Labour and Employment Training.
 Thiru R. Soundararajan, Minister for Local Administration-Minister in Charge of Municipal Administration, Panchayats and Panchayat Unions, Community Development And\ Rural Indebtedness.
 Thiru S. R. Eradha, Minister for Public Works-Minister in Charge of Housing, Slum Clearance Board, Public Works Department and Establishment Matters Relating to Public Works Department.
 Thiru M. R. Govendan, Minister for Backward Classes-Minister in Charge of Backward Classes.
 Thirmathi Gomathi Srinivasan, Minister for Social Welfare-Minister in Charge of Social Welfare Including Women and Children Welfare, Animal Husbandry, Beggars Home, Orphanages, Indians Overseas, Refugees and Evacuees and Correctional Administration.
 Thirumathi Vijayalakshmi Palanisamy, Minister for Khadi-Minister in Charge of Khadi.
 Thiru Y. S. M. Yusuf, Minister for Irrigation and Wakf-Minister in Charge of Agro Service Co-operative Societies, Irrigation Including Minor Irrigation and Wakf.
 Thiru R. Arunachalam, Minister for Rural Industries-Minister in Charge of Rural Industries Including Village, Cottage and Small Industries.
 Thiru K. Kalaimani, Minister for Fisheries-Minister in Charge of Fisheries.
 Thiru T. Veeraswamy, Minister for Food-Minister in Charge of Food, Price Control and Census.
 Thiru K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran, Minister for Co-operation-Minister in Charge of Co-operation.

See also
Elections in Tamil Nadu
Legislature of Tamil Nadu
Government of Tamil Nadu

Footnotes

External links
 Election Commission of India

1980
1980s in Tamil Nadu
1980 State Assembly elections in India


HR 4986 may refer to:

 HD 114780 a star in Virgo, see List of stars in Virgo
 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (110th USA Congress House Resolution 4986)


The Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (Virginia DMV) is the governmental agency responsible for registering and titling automobiles and other motor vehicles as well as licensing drivers in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

Motor vehicle registration
The Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (Virginia DMV) serves a customer base of approximately 423,000 ID card holders and 6 million licensed drivers with over 7.5 million registered vehicles in Virginia. Virginia DMV has more daily face-to-face contact with Virginia's citizens than any other state agency. The agency also serves a wide array of businesses including dealers, fuel tax customers, rental companies, driving schools, other state agencies, local governments, and non-profit organizations.

Through the headquarters in Richmond, Virginia DMV operates customer service centers, call centers, weigh stations, DMV Selects, and mobile visits known as DMV Connect. Virginia DMV also provides service by Internet, automated telephone, and mail.

More than 50 services, including address updates and vehicle registration renewals, are available on DMV's Online Services page without visiting one of 75 customer service centers throughout the state.

Driver licensing
All data is based on fiscal year 2022 (July 2021 – June 2022) unless otherwise indicated.
As of 2022, Virginia DMV has:

Highway Safety data is based on calendar year 2021.

References

External links
DMV Homepage

Transportation in Virginia
Motor vehicle registration agencies
Department of Motor Vehicles


Jacinta Parejo de Crespo (better known as Misia Jacinta) (August 16, 1845–April 16, 1914) was a Venezuelan public figure and the First Lady of Venezuela from 1884 to 1886 and from 1892 to 1898 during the presidential terms of Joaquín Crespo. Parejo was the first woman in Venezuela to intercede in official policy in a very involved fashion. She held government meetings, worked on projects of the head of state, and at times interceded on the behalf of political prisoners. Her second husband was killed in battle in 1898 and Parejo afterwards became the defender of their family's legacy. VenezuelaTuya states that the legal succession of Parejo and Crespo was "one of the biggest legal disputes of the early twentieth century in Venezuela."

Early life
Jacinta Parejo de Crespo was born on August 16, 1845, to Juan Parejo and Maria Josefa Parejo in Guárico. on August 8, 1861, she married General Saturnino Silva. Silva died in combat during the Federal War. In the aftermath of the death, she met General Joaquín Crespo. Crespo, like her, was native to Guarico. Crespo was also a confidant of General Antonio Guzman Blanco, who was to become president of Venezuela. She and Crespo married on September 18, 1864. She remained married to Crespo during his subsequent positions in the Venezuelan government until his death in combat.

Political career

1884-1886: First term as First Lady
She first served as First Lady of Venezuela from 1884 until 1886. Parejo was the first woman in Venezuela to intercede in official policy in such a fashion. She held meetings, worked on projects of the head of state, and at times interceded on the behalf of political prisoners to Crespo.

1892: Legalist Revolution and final term
According to Venezuelatuya, Crespo relied greatly on her advice and confidence during his career, and asserts that in 1892 she "made up for the lack of committees or revolutionary juntas in the clandestine organization of the Legalista Revolution." While Crespo campaigned with the military in remote areas of Venezuela, Parejo lived in Caracas and contributed to the campaign through secret correspondence and shipping items to officers at the battlefront. On June 17, 1892, Parejo's husband overthrew President Raimundo Andueza Palacio. Following the resignation of subsequent president Guillermo Tell Villegas during the crisis of the Legalist Revolution, Guillermo Tell Villegas Pulido was selected by the Federal Council as the provisional president of Venezuela in August 1892. After Crespo established himself as president by force in October 1892, Villegas Pulido left the country. She again became First Lady on October 7, 1892.

1893-1898: End of term and late life

In 1897, Crespo did not campaign for a third presidential term but supported Ignacio Andrade against key opponent José Manuel Hernández. Andrade won the election, and his wife María Isabel Sosa Saa replaced Parejo as First Lady on February 28, 1898. Hernandez decried the results as fraudulent and took up arms. Hernandez was quickly defeated, with resultant political turmoil. Crespo was killed in battle on April 16, 1898 in the Battle of Mata Carmelera while defending the government of Ignacio Andrade. Parejo afterwards became the defender of their family's legacy. According to VenezuelaTuya, while grieving, she failed to prevent several lawsuits, particularly one filed by the Colombian general Vicente Sebastián Mestre. Sebastián claimed that he was owed Bs. 700,000 in damages for a canceled military contract.

Death and legacy
Parejo died on April 16, 1914, in Caracas. According to VenezuelaTuya, the legal succession of Parejo and Crespo is "one of the biggest legal disputes of the early twentieth century in Venezuela." According to the dispute, popular traditions holds that Crespo allegedly had a first mistress and never lived in the Miraflores Palace, dubbed "The House of Misia Jacinta."

During the crisis in Bolivarian Venezuela, the tomb of Crespo and his wife Jacinta was looted and vandalized, leaving their bodies exposed to the elements.

See also

List of first ladies of Venezuela
List of Venezuelans

References

External links

  Jacinta Parejo de Crespo at Venezuelatuya.com

1845 births
1914 deaths
Burials in Venezuela
People from Guárico
First ladies of Venezuela
19th-century Venezuelan people


Sir John Walton David Gray  (1 October 1936 – 1 September 2003) was a senior British diplomat.

In 1987, as the British ambassador to Beirut, Gray unsuccessfully attempted to dissuade Terry Waite from re-entering Beirut without proper protection, with the result that Waite was kidnapped and held for nearly five years.

Early life
John Gray was born in Burry Port in Carmarthenshire and educated at Blundell's School. After National Service in Cyprus and Egypt he attended Christ's College, Cambridge and later did postgraduate research in Arab nationalism at the Middle East Centre in Oxford and the American University in Cairo. He joined the diplomatic service in 1962 and retained his link with the Middle East throughout his career.

Diplomatic career
1964 – Bahrain
1967 – Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London
1970 – Geneva
1974 – Sofia
1977 (approx) Jedda
1982 - Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London (Head of Maritime, Aviation and Environment Department)
1985 – Beirut (Ambassador)
1988 – Paris (Ambassador and UK Permanent Representative to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
1992–1996 Belgium (Ambassador)

Later career
Gray retired from the Foreign Office in 1996 and on returning to Wales became involved in public and community affairs, including:
A member of the Cardiff Bay Development Corporation
A trustee of the National Botanic Garden of Wales.
 Appointment as Honorary Consul of Belgium in Cardiff.
Vice-president of Crawshays Welsh Rugby Football Club
Participation in the work of the Institute of Welsh Affairs
Chairman,  Welsh Centre for International Affairs at Cardiff's Temple of Peace.
Governor, University of Glamorgan
Toastmasters International, After Dinner Speaker of the Year - 1993

Sources
"Obituary - Sir John Gray, The Times, 2 October 2003"
"Obituary - Sir John Gray, The Independent, 8 September 2003"

1936 births
2003 deaths
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Lebanon
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Belgium
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
People educated at Blundell's School
People from Burry Port
Permanent Representatives of the United Kingdom to the OECD


Dusti (; ) is a town in Khatlon Region, southern Tajikistan, near the Afghan border. It is the seat of the Jayhun District. Its population is 18,800 (January 2020 estimate). Under Soviet rule the town was named Molotovabad.

Transport
Dusti is located on north–south highway E123. It is served by a station on the national railway system.

See also
 Railway stations in Tajikistan

References

Populated places in Khatlon Region


MS Skania is a fast ropax ferry operated by Unity Line on their Świnoujście-Ystad route. She was built in 1995 by Schichau Seebeckwerft in Bremerhaven, Germany for Superfast Ferries as MS Superfast I. Between 2004 and 2008 she sailed for Grimaldi Lines as MS Eurostar Roma.

Concept and construction

The Superfast I was the first ship built for Attica Group's subsidiary Superfast Ferries for their Adriatic Sea services from Patras to Ancona. She is a sister ship of MS Superfast II.

Service history

1995–2004: Superfast I

The Superfast I entered service on 14 April 1995 on Superfast Ferries' Patras—Ancona route. In March 1998 after the arrival of the Superfast III & Superfast IV, Superfast I, along with her sister MS Superfast II were transferred to a new route Bari – Igoumenitsa – Patras.  In January 2004 the Superfast I was sold to Grimaldi lines, with a delivery date in February of the same year.

2004–2008: Eurostar Roma

Grimaldi Lines took over their new ship on 30 September 2003 and renamed her Eurostar Roma. On 15 March 2004, after a small refit she began on the Civitavecchia – Barcelona route. In March 2008 she was sold to the Polish Steamship Co. with delivery set for May 2008. In April, after the delivery of the new  she was put on Civitavecchia/ Salerno-Palermo- Tunis route for a short time.

2008 onwards: Skania

On 5 May she was handed over to her new owners, Polish Steamship Co (Unity Line) and renamed Skania. She then sailed to Gdańsk for a refit, in which her aft open deck was enclosed, amongst other upgrades for her new role. On 29 August she was Christened in Szczecin and had public open days for the flowing two days in the port. On 1 September 2008, she started on the over night Świnoujście–Ystad route. On 17 February 2009, the Skania was involved in a collision near Ystad (Sweden).

References

External links

Ships built in Bremen (state)
1995 ships
Superfast I-class fast ropax ferries