SS Stella Solaris (lit. "Star of the Sun", formerly SS Cambodge) was an ocean liner built for Messageries Maritimes in 1953. She mainly provided passenger service between France, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Japan.

Stella Solaris was built in Dunkirk in northern France as Cambodge, and along with two sister ships, the SS Viet Nam and SS Laos (all three were nicknamed 'les blancs'/the 'whites' by their crews, because of their colour). She made her first voyage in 1953. After the 1970s, she was bought by a Greek company and converted into a cruise ship. Most of her working life was spent as a cruise ship in the Aegean Sea and she also made frequent transatlantic voyages to South America and the Caribbean Sea. Few major damaging incidents happened to Stella Solaris, and she quickly became one of the more popular cruise vessels of the time. An economic crisis in the cruise ship trade in 2003–2004 caused many older vessels, such as Stella Solaris, to be sold for scrap. After 54 years of service, she was retired in December 2003 and broken up in Alang, Bhavnagar District, India.

Construction
The French shipping company Messageries Maritimes ordered three identical ships to be built around the late 1940s to provide passenger and mixed-freight service on a route between Marseilles and Yokohama via ports in South Asia. The first to be completed was  in 1952, followed by Cambodge in 1953. Cambodge was built by Société des Ateliers & Chantiers in Dunkirk, Nord, in northern France. The name was derived from Cambodia. Her keel was laid down in 1949 and she was launched on 8 July 1952, then completed and delivered to Messageries Maritimes in July 1953. The third ship, , was not completed until 1954.

Cambodge and her sisters were mid-sized liners. The ship was ,  long with a beam of . She was powered by twin Parsons geared turbines, which gave her a cruising speed of . Cambodge could carry 347 passengers on 7 decks — 117 in first class, 110 in second (tourist) class, and 120 in third (steerage or cabin) class. First class cabins occupied the majority of the passenger space in the central portion of the ship, the second class in the stern, and third class in the bow. First class passengers also had a large pool for their private use. A large amount of artistic flair was employed in the design of Cambodge. A French style predominated, but some Asian decorations were also incorporated. Italian artist Nino Zoncada was hired to design some of the interior of the ship.

Layout as an ocean liner

F deck was the topmost deck, housing the ship's bridge. Berths for officers occupied most of this deck, but a children's playroom was in the aft starboard corner. The ship's lifeboats were also on this deck. E deck was the middle deck of the ship's superstructure. Most of E Deck consisted of first class cabins. The Drawing Room near the front had a row of windows said to "rival those of Atlantic liners of the time". Aft of the Drawing Room a first-class promenade surrounded nearly the entire interior of the deck. The Bar, Smoking Room and Writing Room were further astern, past the first class cabins. Aft of the public rooms were the outdoor first class swimming pool and lido deck area. The interior of D deck also primarily consisted of first class cabins, many with private balconies. Cabine de Luxe #5, with a separate bedroom and sitting room, was on the forward starboard portion of the deck and was the most luxuriant single berth on the ship. The back portion contained "studio" class cabins that were narrower and smaller than the other first class rooms. The deck also had the forecastle of the ship and the primary navigation equipment. Aft of the fo'c'sle was a third class outdoor area. Aft of the private balconies of the interior first class cabins was a second promenade deck.

C deck was the highest deck within the ship's hull. Third class cabins were in the starboard bow section, and the third class dining room was opposite of the cabins. After the third class area were more first-class cabins, terminating at a stair tower. Aft of the stairwell were second-class berths without private bath facilities, and aft of the second-class rooms was a sheltered promenade. B deck consisted mostly of public space. The first class and tourist class dining areas were both located amidships, separated by the ship's galley. The first class dining saloon was lit with fluorescent lights and equipped with apparatus to minimize sensation of the roll of the ship. The second-class dining area was similar to the first-class area, but not as lavish, and also doubled as the ship's cinema. The bow section of B Deck had more third-class accommodations and the third-class ship entrance. A deck had mostly crew's quarters, storage rooms, and had the ship's engines. There were also third class cabins in the bow. Notably, Cambodge'''s original steam turbine engine never suffered significant breakdowns and never had to be replaced.

Layout as a cruise ship
The Sports deck (topmost) was mostly an outside recreation area. Two walkways in the aft section abutted the swimming pools on the deck below. The section closest to the bow lay atop the ship's bridge. Most of the sports deck was a spacious rooftop space.Cruise Travel, p. 36 (Deck plans for Stella Solaris) Lido deck constituted the pool area of the ship and also housed the bridge closer to the bow. There were two nearly oval-shaped swimming pools surrounded by a spacious lido area. Ahead of the lido section and behind the officers' quarters aft of the wheelhouse was a small buffet. The interior portion of the deck continued around the lido area via glass-enclosed walkways. These walkways were just inboard of the ship's lifeboats. Boat deck contained most of the first class cabins and there were 34 that were especially luxurious. The Card Room and Reading Room were aft of the passenger accommodations. A teak promenade encircled the entirety of Boat Deck, designed to slope towards its amidships section as a way to compensate for the swaying of the vessel.

Solaris deck consisted almost entirely of public spaces. The main dining room was located just aft of the ship's galley. The much smaller Bar Grill extended aft off the starboard side of the dining area. Amidships, the purser's office and ship's reception area were located in the primary entrance area of Stella Solaris. The Solaris Lounge and Piano Bar were located aft of the entrance hall, both used for various forms of entertainment. Golden deck was the lowest deck on the superstructure and was used for passenger accommodations. The ship's Beauty Parlor and hospital were directly aft of the cabins in the bow section, which contained the forecastle. Amidships were 16 "Deluxe Cabins". The aft of Golden Deck had the ship's gym and spa area, and the poop deck and fantail. Ruby deck, the highest deck in the ship's hull, also had passenger cabins and 16 Deluxe Cabins below those on Golden Deck. Emerald deck had further cabins and the main entrance area of the Stella Solaris. The entrance area had recessed circular lighting inspired by 1950s Italian ocean liners. Sapphire Deck had the lowest passenger cabins on the ship, divided into two portions. The ship's cinema was located in the back, as was the Discothèque, a public room located underneath the cinema.

CareerCambodge started her maiden voyage in July 1953. Her route linked Marseilles with various ports along the Suez Canal, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, South China Sea, and western Pacific Ocean. From Marseilles, she sailed across the Mediterranean Sea and through the Suez Canal and Red Sea to Port Said and Suez in Egypt, Aden in Yemen; Djibouti; across the Indian Ocean to Bombay, India; Colombo, Sri Lanka; and the island of Singapore; through the South China Sea to Saigon, Vietnam; Manila, Philippines; Hong Kong, and along the Pacific coast of Asia to finally reach Kobe and Yokohama in Japan. Along with Viet Nam and Laos, she sailed without major incident on this route until 1967, when the Six-Day War closed the Suez Canal.

In 1962, Cambodge took French troops from Algeria to France after the Algerian War, and was used as a hospital ship in the Vietnam War. With the ever-increasing popularity of air travel, she withdrew from regular passenger service and was rebuilt in 1962 to run cruises from Australian ports to destinations in the Indian Ocean. The vessels third class was replaced by space for an additional 214 tourist class passengers. On 13 July 1965, Cambodge was damaged after the vessel collided with the MV Kerbsia in Singapore, and was subsequently repaired in Keppel Harbour. In 1967, Messageries Maritimes renamed Viet-Nam as Pacifique, and in 1970 the company put all three ships up for sale. Cambodges sister ships were bought by Compania Navegacion Abeto to carry Muslim pilgrims, and remodelled to carry over 1,600 passengers. Both were destroyed by fire in the mid-1970s. Cambodge, however, was bought by Sun Lines, a Greek cruise line, for conversion into a cruise ship.

In 1970 Cambodge sailed to La Spezia in northern Italy, where she was renamed Stella V and her interiors were partially gutted for a massive planned remodelling. When plans were completed, Stella V sailed to Perama, in southern Greece for conversion into Stella Solaris. Her passenger accommodations were revised to 765—all first class—and nearly twice the original capacity. Her gross register tonnage was reduced to . Her funnel was replaced with a more finned and streamlined one, her superstructure was terraced, lengthened and expanded, her cabins were fitted with air conditioning and private baths, and her pool and lido section was expanded and moved. Many of the French and Italian decorations were replaced with Greek-themed artwork, including ceramic, metal and velour features. Upon incorporation into Sun Lines' fleet, she was the largest vessel.

From then, Stella Solaris sailed the Aegean Sea and the eastern Mediterranean Sea during the summer, and operated cruise excursions in the Caribbean Sea and the South American Atlantic coast in the winter. Stella Solaris soon became one of the most popular cruise ships of the time. In 1982 she was featured in two episodes of The Love Boat on a Mediterranean cruise.  She was featured on Cruise Travel magazine in July 1989 as "Ship of the Month", and was said to have a "repeat passenger ratio that was the envy of her competitors". In 1995, Sun and the rival Epirotiki Lines merged to form Royal Olympic Cruise Lines. Soon after, in 1998, Louis Cruise Lines, the final owner, bought most of the shares in Royal Olympic. Due to the Kosovo War the following year, Stella Solaris was temporarily laid up at Piraeus. In 2001 an accident damaged one of her propeller shafts, which was repaired soon after, but continued to cause problems.

Fate
After the damage Stella Solaris suffered in 2001, she was planned for yet another remodelling and further cruise service. However, in the years following, modern cruise ships began to overtake older ships in popularity. Maintenance costs rose and Stella Solaris was taken out of service in 2002. Along with hundreds of other relatively old ocean liners, she was sold for scrap around late 2003. She sailed for Alang, Bhavnagar District, India under the delivery name S Solar, arriving on December 8, 2003, alongside another, smaller, Sun Lines ship, . Much of the artwork and furnishings from Stella Solaris was auctioned, some materials and fittings were also recovered and sold, while the rest of her hull was broken up and turned into scrap metal.

ArtworksStella Solaris was said to be "a ship of enormous quality and detail."  Many historic artworks from the ship were auctioned off during the remodeling and after her destruction. This is a list of some of them:
Works of La Fontaine, rendered by Camille Hillaire. (in Children's Playroom)Italian Comedy Figures, a series of murals by Jean Souverbie (in Drawing Room)
Vases by Luc Lanel (in the Hall)Gardens and Chateaux of Ile de France by Camille Hillaire (in Writing Room)Pentecote de Honfleur by Hamburg (in Tourist Class Saloon)Naides reliefs'' by Guy Revol (in First Class Dining Saloon)
Unnamed painting by Grau Sala, reminiscent of Paris, France (also in First Class Dining Saloon)
Two interpretive paintings by Arthur Fages (Tourist Dining Saloon)

See also

List of cruise ships
List of ocean liners

References

Footnotes

Sources

1952 ships
Cruise ships
Ocean liners
Passenger ships of France
Passenger ships of Greece
Steamships of France
Steamships of Greece


Choke pear may refer to:

 Choke pear (plant), any variety of astringent pear fruit
 Pear of anguish, a device found in some museums


Dūdas or somas stabules is a type of bagpipe native to Latvia, popular from the 16th to 18th centuries.

History
The instrument is believed to have first appeared in Livonia in the 15th century, with the first documentary evidence of such appearing in the 16th century.  The 1550 publication Cosmographia by the scientist Sebastian Münster of Basel shows images of a witch and devils dancing accompanied by a bagpiper, a lutanist, and a lyre player.  It is, however, not clear whether the instrument in the drawing is meant to represent instrument used within Livonia or instruments, or is taken from the general style of representing music players in European artwork.

As more direct evidence, Balthasar Russow, in his Livonian Chronicle gave the following description of Livonian peasants: "As early as Saturday farmers came from a large distance with their wives, daughters and servants, and immediately resorted to drinking. Dūdas was audible almost a mile away, such hilarity went on all the night until morning. The peasants came drunk to worship God, they talked so loud that the pastor almost lost consciousness from the noise. And when they, having learned nothing, left the church, then began again drinking, dancing, songs and jumping, one could pass out of the great noise, women singing, and the sound from many dūdas. "

Playing the dūdas was banned from 1753 on, but the greatest work of destroying the dūdas tradition was done by the Moravian Church movement – in the areas of Vidzeme, where Moravian Church congregations were the most active, almost all the instruments were collected and destroyed, as a result little is known about older musical traditions of lower classes.

At the end of the 19th century, such musical instruments had disappeared throughout most of Latvia, and only in Alsunga were pipers still present in the beginning of the 20th century. The best-known of these was the bagpiper Pēteris Šeflers (1861-1945), he made a record in 1930s and can also be seen playing in the first Latvian sound film Dzimtene sauc (The Motherland Calls).

Construction
A dūdas is made of a leather bag, and no less than three pipes of different size: the iemutnis ("nipple"), stabule (chanter) and bāga or burdons ("drone").

The bag is traditionally made from the whole skin of a sheep, goat, dog or calf or (in more modern versions) is sewn from hide. The hide is first sewn with fur inside and with only single minimal (double stitch) seam. An additional leather band is then stitched on top of double stitch to create an airtight seal on the bag. Three holes are made – the one is left open at the neck and two are made at the top.

The iemutnis is a small maple pipe gradually narrowing toward the top. It is used to blow air inside the bag. It is inserted through the right front leg or the hole in the upper part of the bag and the skin is sealed by tying it tightly with thin rope. Iemutnis also has a valve made of leather or rubber piece.

The two (or more) other pipes are for playing music. The smaller one - the stabule - is used to play the melody and traditionally was inserted into the left front leg of the skin.  The stabule is traditionally made from a stick burned through its entire length by a metal rod. Six to eight playing holes are then burned through the side. The holes are placed at the same distance from each other but had different diameters. In eight-hole design, the seventh hole is on the reverse side of the pipe, and the eighth hole is at the bottom of the pipe on the side. A split goose feather or a cane reed - mēlīte or spiedze - is inserted into one end of the stabule, which is inserted in the bag and tightly sealed with a thin rope. The other end of the stabule is attached to a curved horn - rags - with a widening opening made out of cow's horn. Traditionally Latvian dūdas (bagpipes) are tuned in G or D.

Finally, the bāga or burdons (drone pipe) was made out of large maple stick, also with a spiedze or mēlīte, but without any holes. It produces only a single base tone, called boordon. Traditionally both the stabule and the bāga were not only made of the same type of wood, but also from the very same tree to sound in tune. It is possible that two drone pipes are attached.

Modern uses
The playing of dūdas was reborn in the 1970s and 1980s. Dainis Stalts, Valdis and Māris Muktupāvels, and Māris Jansons are considered the first players of the revived dūdas. The instruments were reconstructed using examples found in the archives of the history museum and images of the instrument. In 1990s there was an attempt to unite all players in a band called Dūdinieki. In 2000 the record company "Upe" issued a collection of dūdas recordings in the album Dūdas Latvijā.

See also
 Torupill
 Dūdmaišis

References

External links

 Image at World Folk and Rarities Blogspot

Latvian musical instruments
Bagpipes


Karatobe (, Qaratöbe; Russian: Каратобе) is a village in north-western Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of Karatobe District in West Kazakhstan Region. Population:

References

Populated places in West Kazakhstan Region


"Don't Forget" is a song by American singer Demi Lovato, from her debut album of the same name. It was written by Lovato and the Jonas Brothers, who co-produced the song with John Fields. It was released as the album's third and final single in 2009, through Hollywood Records. The inspiration of the song came from Lovato falling in love with someone who later left her. According to Lovato, it is one of the songs on the album that she most relates to. Musically, "Don't Forget" is a midtempo glam rock ballad that features Lovato singing with breathy falsetto vocals. An accompanying music video was released on March 2009. In 2023, the song was re-recorded for her first remix album Revamped.

Upon the release of the album, "Don't Forget" was well-received from music critics, who noted the transition from her "tween sound" to more mature material. The song achieved moderate commercial success, reaching number forty-one on the Billboard Hot 100. It also reached number seventy-six on the Canadian Hot 100. Lovato has performed the song numerous times including on The Ellen DeGeneres Show.

Background and composition

"Don't Forget" was written by Lovato along with the Jonas Brothers, who produced it with John Fields. The song features Dorian Crozier and Michael Bland on drums, and Fields on bass, guitars and keyboards. Nick Jonas also played the guitar and percussion on the song. The song is registered as "Did You Forget" with the Broadcast Music, Inc. Lovato has stated that "Don't Forget" is one of the songs on Don't Forget that she relates to the most, and that she felt "a lot of emotion while recording it". In an interview with PopEater, she elaborated, "Everyone goes through the experience of falling in love, but then the other person just walks away, and goes somewhere else. I went through an experience like that and wanted to write about it. I got over it, and now a year later I don't have those feelings about that person anymore." The song and "La La Land" were included as bonus tracks on European editions of her sophomore album Here We Go Again.

"Don't Forget" is a midtempo glam rock ballad sung with vulnerable and breathy vocals in a falsetto tone. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, the song is set in common time with a metronome of 92 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of E major and Lovato's vocal range spans from the note of C4 to the note of E5. The song includes a "rocking" instrumental and a heavy guitar break. Ed Masley of The Arizona Republic compared the track to songs by Green Day. Lyrically, "Don't Forget" is about one of Lovato's old love interests who left her just as she was falling in love with him. The theme is demonstrated in lyrical lines such as, "Did you forget that I was even alive? Did you forget everything we ever had?"

Music video
"Don't Forget" was directed by Robert Hales. According to Lovato, different video treatments had been written, but she rejected them as she wanted to come up with the idea herself. Lovato said, "They had treatments [for the video], but I was just like, 'No, scratch them.' I want to come up with the idea. I want to show you the colors, I want to show you everything. This is art to me, and I don't want it to be somebody else's decision." In an interview with PopEater, Lovato said of the video:

"It was actually really freezing cold [in the rain]. You could see your breath. And I was in the rain for only a short time – my whole band was out there for an hour-and-a-half. It was one of the hardest things I've ever had to do on a shoot. But it went by so quickly. I had a body suit on underneath my clothes, so there's a little fun fact for you. I was trying not to break my focus pretty much the entire shoot, because I was really in that zone – thinking a lot about the position I was in a year ago... thinking about the situation and how much I wanted to get all that emotion off my chest."

Steve Helling of People magazine wrote that Lovato shows her mature side in the video, saying that "it's hard not to notice that the 16-year-old Camp Rock star is growing up." The video begins in a tour bus with Lovato's band. She is seen sitting next to a window in the back of the bus, where Lovato precedes to sing the first lines. As the song progresses, she walks out of the bus in the rain, holding an umbrella. She walks out of the parking lot and into an amusement park, where Lovato stands in front of a carousel in the rain as she continues to sing. After the second chorus, Lovato and her band perform in the rain with the water altering colors in the background. As the last verse approaches, she is back on the tour bus. A single tear rolls down Lovato's cheek and the video ends.

Live performances

Lovato performed "Don't Forget" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show on April 14, 2009. Also in April 2009, the song was performed as part of the iTunes Live from London series. The full performances were released as an iTunes Store-exclusive extended play featuring recorded live versions of the tracks. In May 2009, Lovato performed the song at a Walmart concert, which was later released as part of a live album entitled Demi Lovato: Live: Walmart Soundcheck (2009). The release featured recorded live versions of the performers on a CD, and the full performances on a DVD.

During the summer of 2008, Lovato performed the song in both her Warm Up Tour and the Jonas Brothers' Burnin' Up Tour, for the latter she served as the opening act. Later in 2009, the song was performed during her Summer Tour 2009. While reviewing a show in Glendale, Arizona, Ed Masley of The Arizona Republic wrote that the song "survived the transformation to an unplugged ballad, making the most of Lovato's most vulnerable vocal performance of the night." In 2010, she performed the song during her South American tour. Lovato also performed the song during her set at the Jonas Brothers Live in Concert World Tour 2010. Scott Mervis of Pittsburgh Post-Gazette wrote that Lovato performed a "high-energy, high-volume" version of the song. In September 2011, Lovato performed the song during the revue concert An Evening with Demi Lovato. Lovato also performed an acoustic medley of "Don't Forget" and "Catch Me" at the Vevo Certified SuperFanFest in 2014.

Critical reception

The song was well-received from music critics. Ed Masley of The Arizona Republic included "Don't Forget" on his "Top 10 from the Disney girls" list at number two, and wrote, "She really sells this epic glam-rock ballad with her choked-up vocals, [...] She wrote it with the Jonas Brothers, one of whom has clearly been enjoying Green Day's latest work. But truthfully, this would have been among the more compelling anthems on '21st Century Breakdown'." Judy Coleman of The Boston Globe wrote, "Lovato has already mastered the limited range of skills required of today's pop starlets: the vulnerable-kitten verse, the banshee-shriek chorus, the stiffly sexy whispered asides. She rhymes 'we used to be so strong' and 'our love is like a song' without irony". Michael Menachem of Billboard wrote that Lovato, like Miley Cyrus before her, "has also stepped away briefly from the tween sound with her album's title track, 'Don't Forget'." Menachem wrote, "She may be reaching a new level with a poised vocal performance, as she too is looking to be taken seriously." Joey Guerra of The Houston Chronicle called the track an "age-appropriate blueprint laid out by Hilary Duff and [Miley] Cyrus".

Chart performance
Due to strong digital sales when the album was released, "Don't Forget" debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number sixty-eight on October 11, 2008 and fell off the chart the following week. On April 4, 2009, it re-entered the chart at number eighty-four. The song steadily ascended the chart for three weeks, before eventually reaching a peak of number forty-one on its fifth week on the chart. It was Lovato's best performing solo song on the chart until "Here We Go Again" reached number fifteen on August 8, 2009. As of October 2017, it has sold 1.1 million copies in the nation. In Canada, "Don't Forget" debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 at number eighty-two on May 2, 2009. The next week, it reached seventy-six, which became its peak. The song also reached number sixty-two on the now defunct Pop 100 chart.

Credits and personnel
Recording and management
 Recorded at Wishbone Studio
 Mixed at Mix LA
 Mastered at Sterling Sound
 Seven Peaks Music obo Itself and Demi Lovato Publishing (ASCAP); Jonas Brothers Publishing LLC (BMI)/Sony/ATV Songs LLC administered by Sony/ATV Music Publishing. All Rights Reserved. Used By Permission.

Personnel

Demi Lovato – vocals, guitar, songwriting
Nick Jonas – songwriting, guitars, percussion
Joe Jonas – songwriting
Kevin Jonas II – songwriting
Dorian Crozier – drums
Michael Bland – drums
John Fields – bass, guitars, keyboards, programming, production, recording
Jonas Brothers – production
Chris Lord-Alge – mixing
Nik Karpin – assistant
Ted Jensen – mastering

Credits adapted from Don't Forget liner notes.

Charts

Weekly charts

Certifications

References

External links

Demi Lovato songs
Music videos directed by Robert Hales
Glam rock songs
2000s ballads
Rock ballads
Songs written by Joe Jonas
Songs written by Nick Jonas
Songs written by Kevin Jonas
Hollywood Records singles
Songs written by Demi Lovato
2008 songs
Song recordings produced by John Fields (record producer)


Nabile Farès (25 September 1940 – 30 August 2016) was an Algerian-born French novelist. He was born in Collo, a part of Skikda Province, Algeria.

Farès left his studies and prepared (in the camps in Tunisia) to fight against the French towards the end of the war of independence (1960). Later he obtained his doctorate in France, with a dissertation on the role of the Ogre in North African oral literature.

His first work is the novel Yahia, pas de chance, (1970), which evolved from a manuscript Farès carried in a knapsack while on the run in several periods during and after the war of independence. Later works were both novels and poetry. Among these is the trilogy of novels La Découverte du nouveau monde and his greatest novel, Un  Passager de l'occident, which arises, in part, from Farès's friendship with the American writer James Baldwin.

All of Farès's work is characterized by political engagement, and particularly by a drive to expand the definition of Algeria and Algerianness—and to resist factional politics and identity politics. He evokes an Algeria that is always a work in progress, and leaves the reader to reflect that personal identity (along with national) is much the same. Exile is a constant theme. His poetry, in particular, is challenging and marked by visually striking inventiveness. He died in Paris on 30 August 2016 at the age of 75.

Works of Farès
   Yahia, pas de chance. Paris: le Seuil, 1970
   Le Champ d'Akli. Paris: P.J. Oswald, 1971
   Un Passager de l'occident. Paris: Le Seuil, 1971
   Le Champ des oliviers. Paris: Le Seuil, 1972
   Mémoire de l'absent. Paris: Le Seuil, 1974
   L'Exil et le désarroi. Paris: Maspero, 1976
   Chants d'histoire et de vie pour des roses de sable. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1978
   La Mort de Salah Baye. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1979
   L'Etat perdu. Paris: Actes/Sud, 1982
   L'Exil au féminin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1987
   Hearing Your Story. New Orleans: U. New Orleans Press, 2008 (translation of Chants d'histoire et de vie pour des roses de sable)
   A Passenger From the West (novel). Translation by Peter Thompson. Diálogos Books, 2014
   Exile and helplessness (novel), translated by Peter Thompson, Diálogos Books, 2012
   Exile: Women's Turn  (poems), translated by Peter Thompson, Diálogos Books, 2017
   Discovery of the New World (trilogy of novels; includes The Olive Grove, Memory and the Missing, Exile and Helplessness), translated by Peter Thompson, Diálogos Books, 2020

References

External links
 Nabile Farès author page at Diálogos Books

1940 births
2016 deaths
Algerian writers
Algerian writers in French
People from Skikda Province
20th-century French novelists
Algerian emigrants to France


The Slingsby T.49 Capstan is a British two-seat glider of the 1960s built by Slingsby Sailplanes as a replacement for their earlier Type 42 Eagle.  It is a high-winged monoplane of wooden construction, the last two-seat wooden glider built by Slingsby, intended for both training and general club flying.  Side-by-side seats for the two pilots are accommodated in an enclosed cockpit with a one-piece perspex canopy.  The prototype T.49A first flew in 1961, and it entered production as the T.49B in 1963. Thirty-four Capstans were built, one of which was fitted with an auxiliary engine with the designation T.49C Powered Capstan.

Specifications

Notes

References
"Two New Sailplanes". Flight International, 31 May 1962.pp. 867–869.
Taylor, J.W.R (ed.) Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1969–70. London:Sampson Low, 1969.
Slingsby Sailplanes Capstan T49 Handbook, 1963

External links

Photos of Slingsby Capstan
Slingsby Capstan Pictures

1960s British sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Capstan
Aircraft first flown in 1961
High-wing aircraft


Swords was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons to 1801.

Members of Parliament
1585 Walter Fitzsimons and Thomas Taylor
1613–1615 William Blakeney and John Fitzsimons (died and replaced by Richard Carwell)
1634–1635 Richard Barnewell and Lucas Netterville (expelled 1634 and replaced by Sir William Anderson )
1639–1642 John Taylor and George Blakeney (both expelled 1642)
1642 Charles Forster and Christopher Huetson
1661–1666 John Povey and Sir William Tichborne

1689–1801

Notes

References

Constituencies of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801)
Historic constituencies in County Dublin
Swords, Dublin
1800 disestablishments in Ireland
Constituencies disestablished in 1800


Li Fan may refer to:

Li Fan (Han dynasty) ( 1st century), Han dynasty astronomer
Li Fan (Tang dynasty) (754–811), Tang dynasty chancellor
Li Fan (crater), impact crater on Mars, named after the astronomer
Li Fan (Prince of Qi), son of Emperor Ruizong of Tang, born Li Longfan
Li Shu Fan (1887–1966), member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Li Fan (engineer), computer scientist


Brigadier Robert Adolphus George Tilney,  (2 November 1903 – May 1981) was a British Army officer who served during the Second World War.

Military career
Robert Tilney was a Territorial Army officer, formerly of the Leicestershire Yeomanry. He was the son of Colonel William Arthur Tilney and Hylda Sophia Paget.

On 5 November 1943 Tilney was appointed to command the British forces on the Greek island of Leros, replacing Major-General F.G.R. Brittorous. He had under his command the 234th Infantry Brigade and an assortment of Royal Air Force and Italian Navy troops. The island of Leros was invaded by German forces on 12 November 1943 and Tilney surrendered on 16 November. Tilney spent the rest of the war as a POW in camp Oflag IX-A/H in Germany. His POW number there was 1765.

In 1945 he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and in 1962 he was invested as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

References

External links
British Army Officers 1939−1945
Generals of World War II

British Army brigadiers of World War II
British World War II prisoners of war
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
Royal Artillery officers
Deputy Lieutenants of Leicestershire
Leicestershire Yeomanry officers
Dodecanese campaign
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Military personnel from Edinburgh


Rory Robert Schlein (born 1 September 1984) is an Australian speedway rider.

Career
Born in Darwin, Northern Territory, Schlein, lived in the southern Adelaide suburb of Hallett Cove and won the Australian Under-16 Championship at the Northline Speedway in his home town of Darwin in 2000.

Schlein was signed by the Edinburgh Monarchs in 2001 and won the Conference League championship that year while on loan at Sheffield Tigers. He won the Premier League championship with the Monarchs in 2003 and won the Australian Under-21 Speedway Championship in 2003 and 2004 and finished 2nd to Chris Holder in 2005. He also won the South Australian Championship in 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007.

He first extended season in the highest British league was for Belle Vue Aces during the 2004 Elite League speedway season. In 2005, he joined Coventry Bees and would go on to win the Elite League championship with the Bees in 2007. In between Schlein represented the Australia national speedway team at the 2006 and 2007 Speedway World Cup, where he won a bronze medal at the latter.

He was with Coventry from 2005 to 2010 with short stints at Ipswich and Peterborough in between. In 2010, he rode for Australia in the World Cup again and in 2011 won a silver medal in the 2011 World Cup although he only rode in the rounds and not the final. Also in 2011, he joined Belle Vue again and won the Elite League Riders' Championship, held at Abbey Stadium on 15 October.

From 2013 to 2016 he rode for the King's Lynn Stars and won the League Riders' championship for a second time in October 2013.

In May 2015, Schlein was seriously injured while riding for Orzeł Łódź in Poland, breaking two vertebrae and damaging his lung and kidney, ending his season and initially with concern that he could be paralysed. His recovery was documented in the film Addicted To Speed: The Rory Schlein Story. He returned to ride for King's Lynn Stars in 2016, but missed part of the early season with a shoulder injury, and after struggling to score well was dropped in August.

For 2017 he has signed to ride for Ipswich Witches in the SGB Championship.

He was part of the Somerset Rebels team that won the SGB Championship Fours, which was held on 23 June 2019, at the East of England Arena.

In 2020, he won the 2020 British Speedway Championship at the National Speedway Stadium in Manchester. In 2021, he helped Poole secure the SGB Championship 2021 league and cup double. He announced his retirement after the 2021 season.

In 2023, he returned to speedway signing for Wolves for the SGB Premiership 2023, he had previously ridden for them from 2017 to 2021. He also signed for Berwick Bandits for the SGB Championship 2023 and won the South Australian Championship for the fifth time.

Family
He is the son of the 1974 Northern Territory solo champion Lyndon Schlein.

Major results

Speedway World Cup
2006 Speedway World Cup - 4th
2007 Speedway World Cup - bronze
2010 Speedway World Cup - 5th
2011 Speedway World Cup - silver

Individual Under-21 World Championship
 2004 -  Wrocław, Olympic Stadium - 4th - 8pts (fell in the Final)

References

Australian speedway riders
1984 births
Living people
Belle Vue Aces riders
Berwick Bandits riders
Coventry Bees riders
Edinburgh Monarchs riders
Ipswich Witches riders
King's Lynn Stars riders
Peterborough Panthers riders
Sheffield Tigers riders
Wolverhampton Wolves riders


Guido Giacomelli  (born September 5, 1980) is an Italian ski mountaineer.

Giacomelli was born in Sondalo. He started ski mountaineering in 1995 and competed first in the Pierra Menta race in 1998. He has been member of the national team since 2002. He has held the course record of the Mountain Attack race since 2006 and was member of the Patrouille des Glaciers record team of 2006. Giacomelli enjoys also alpine and cross-country skiing.

Selected results
 2002:
 1st, World Championship "espoirs" class
 2004:
 2nd, World Championship relay race (together with Carlo Battel, Graziano Boscacci and Martin Riz)
 8th, World Championship team race (together with Mirco Mezzanotte)
 2005:
 1st, European Championship single race
 1st. European Championship relay race (together with Dennis Brunod, Manfred Reichegger and Matteo Pedergnana)
 1st, Tour du Rutor (together with Mirco Mezzanotte)
 2nd, World Cup team (together with Mirco Mezzanotte)
 5th, World Cup race, Salt Lake City
 2006:
 1st, World Championship relay race (together with Hansjörg Lunger, Manfred Reichegger and Dennis Brunod)
 1st, European Cup single
 1st, Adamello Ski Raid (together with Hansjörg Lunger and Mirco Mezzanotte)
 1st, Mountain Attack in Saalbach
 5th, World Championship team race (together with Hansjörg Lunger)
 2007:
 1st: Gara del Pizzo Scalino (together with Daniele Pedrini)
 1st, Dolomiti Cup single
 1st, Mountain Attack
 1st and course record, Sellaronda Skimarathon (together with Hansjörg Lunger)
 1st, Trofeo "Rinaldo Maffeis" (together with Ivan Murada)
 3rd, European Championship team race (together with Jean Pellissier)
 5th, European Championship combination ranking
 9th, European Championship single race
 2008:
 1st, World Championship long distance race
 1st and course record, Sellaronda Skimarathon (together with Hansjörg Lunger)
 1st, Dolomiti Cup team (together with Hansjörg Lunger)
 2nd, World Championship team race (together with Hansjörg Lunger)
 2009:
 2nd, European Championship team race (together with Lorenzo Holzknecht)
 2010:
 1st, Sellaronda Skimarathon (together with Hansjörg Lunger)
 2010:
 1st, Trophée des Gastlosen (ISMF World Cup), together with Denis Trento

Trofeo Mezzalama

 2003: 4th, together with Camillo Vescovo and Mirco Mezzanotte
 2005: 1st, together with Patrick Blanc and Stéphane Brosse
 2007: 1st, together with Jean Pellissier and Florent Troillet
 2011: 7th, together with Lorenzo Holzknecht and Jean Pellissier

Pierra Menta

 2005: 3rd, together with Jean Pellissier
 2006: 2nd, together with Hansjörg Lunger
 2007: 2nd, together with Hansjörg Lunger
 2008: 2nd, together with Platz mit Hansjörg Lunger
 2011: 2nd, together with Lorenzo Holzknecht

Patrouille des Glaciers

 2006: 1st and course record, together with Patrick Blanc and Stéphane Brosse

External links
 Guido Giacomelli at skimountaineering.org

References

1980 births
Living people
People from Sondalo
Italian male ski mountaineers
World ski mountaineering champions
Sportspeople from the Province of Sondrio
Skiers from Lombardy


Road Trips Volume 2 Number 2 is a two-CD live album by the American rock band the Grateful Dead.  The sixth in their "Road Trips" series of albums, it was the first to contain a complete concert—the February 14, 1968, show at the Carousel Ballroom (later known as the Fillmore West) in San Francisco, California.  Bonus material on Disc 1, as well as the bonus disc offered to early purchasers, comes from the Grateful Dead and Quicksilver Messenger Service "Tour of the Great Pacific Northwest", immediately preceding the Carousel Ballroom show.  The album was released on March 21, 2009.

The Carousel & Seattle concerts

Although the Valentine's Day show at the Carousel was not the first rock concert there, it was the first show under the management auspices of the Dead, Quicksilver and Jefferson Airplane, who had leased the venue to compete with the Avalon Ballroom and Bill Graham's Fillmore Auditorium.  Thus, the show was billed as the "Grand Opening".  The Grateful Dead shared the bill with Country Joe and the Fish.  The cover of Road Trips Volume 2 Number 2 incorporates artwork by Stanley Mouse that was used in the poster promoting the concert.

Live material from this show, along with recordings of other concerts from the same era, was used in the creation of Anthem of the Sun, a Dead album that is an amalgam of studio and live material.

The seven tracks from Seattle are believed to have been mislabeled. The show actually occurred on January 27, 1968, not January 23.

Dark Star

Road Trips Volume 2 Number 2 contains two performances of "Dark Star" — one from the February 14, 1968 concert at the Carousel Ballroom, and one from February 2, 1968, at the Crystal Ballroom in Portland, Oregon.  A third performance of the song, from the Eagles Auditorium in Seattle, Washington, is included on the bonus disc.

Track listing

Disc one

First set:

Bonus material, January–February 1968

Disc two

Second set:
"That's It for the Other One" – 9:30 →
"Cryptical Envelopment" (Garcia)
"The Other One" (Weir, Kreutzmann)
"Cryptical Envelopment" (Garcia)
"New Potato Caboose" (Lesh, Robert Petersen) – 8:48 →
"Born Cross-Eyed" (Weir) – 2:38 →
"Spanish Jam" (Grateful Dead) – 12:28
"Alligator" (Lesh, McKernan, Hunter) – 14:30 →
"Caution (Do Not Stop on Tracks)" (Garcia, Kreutzmann, Lesh, McKernan, Weir) – 10:00 →
"Feedback" (Garcia, Kreutzmann, Lesh, McKernan, Weir) – 6:10
Encore:
"In the Midnight Hour" (Steve Cropper, Wilson Pickett) – 10:35

Bonus disc
Bonus material, January 1968:
"Viola Lee Blues" (Noah Lewis) (1/23/68 Seattle, WA) – 22:46
"Good Morning Little School Girl" (Sonny Boy Williamson) (1/20/68 Eureka, CA) – 12:14
"New Potato Caboose" (Lesh, Petersen) (1/30/68 Eugene, OR) – 12:40
"Dark Star" (Grateful Dead, Hunter) (1/23/68 Seattle, WA) – 7:45 →
"China Cat Sunflower" (Garcia, Hunter) (1/23/68 Seattle, WA) – 5:08 →
"The Eleven" (Hunter, Lesh) (1/23/68 Seattle, WA) – 6:00
"Turn On Your Love Light" (Scott, Malone) (1/23/68 Seattle, WA) – 12:55

Personnel

Musicians

 Jerry Garcia – lead guitar, vocals
 Mickey Hart – drums
 Bill Kreutzmann – drums
 Phil Lesh – electric bass, vocals
 Ron "Pigpen" McKernan – organ,  vocals
 Bob Weir – rhythm guitar, vocals

Production

 Produced by Grateful Dead
 Compilation produced by David Lemieux and Blair Jackson
 Recorded by Dan Healy
 CD Mastering by Jeffrey Norman at Garage Audio Mastering, Petaluma CA
 Audio Restoration by Jamie Howarth / Plangent Processes
 Cover art by Scott McDougall
 Original Poster by Stanley Mouse
 Photo by Ted Streshinsky
 Package design by Steve Vance
 Special Thanks to Matt Smith

References

Road Trips albums
2009 live albums


Monte Sano may refer to:

 Monte Sano Mountain, Monte Sano State Park, and Monte Sano Nature Preserve, all in Huntsville, Alabama, USA
 Monte Sano (6500 BCE), Early Archaic period mound complex in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
 Monte-Sano & Pruzan, an American fashion house founded by Vincent Monte-Sano senior, originally called Monte-Sano.


The  is a singles title in the Japanese professional wrestling promotion DDT Pro-Wrestling. The title was established in 2006 and it is mostly defended in stipulation matches, with the defending champion being given the right to choose the stipulation. The title has also been defended at events held by Union Pro Wrestling, one of DDT's former sub-brands. , there have been a total of 58 reigns shared between 34 different champions.

The current champion is Kazuki Hirata who is in his first reign.

Title history

Combined reigns
As of  , .

See also

Professional wrestling in Japan

References

External links
 DDT Extreme Championship

DDT Pro-Wrestling championships
Hardcore wrestling championships


Bhadravarman or Phạm Hồ Đạt (, Middle Chinese: buam’-ɣɔ-dɑt, Sanskrit Bhadravarman, literally "Blessed armour" but also meaning the Jasminum sambac flower),  was the king of Champa from 380 to 413.  In 380, Bhadravarman, the son or grandson of Fan Fo, took the throne with the regal name Dharmamahārāja Śrī Bhadravarman I, "Great King of the Law Bhadravarman".

He is the first Champa king to have varman suffixed to his name. The use of the honorific title varman, very common amongst the Pallava dynasty kings, was borrowed by the kings of Cambodia. Also the same year, the King moved the capital to Simhapura in Quảng Nam Province. He built temples and palaces, all facing north, at Mỹ Sơn and Trà Kiệu. Significantly, Bhadravarman was a renowned scholar, well-versed in all four Vedas and the author of several inscriptions in Sanskrit. He invited learned Brahmins from India to settle in his kingdom.

In 399, Bhadravarman went on a military campaign up north and succeeded in capturing the Vietnamese provinces of Rinan and Jiuzhen (). He continued on his temple-building campaign as well, building Cham towers along the coast up north. From 405 to 413, he continuously battled the Chinese governor Du Xue. However, at their last confrontation, Bhadravarman disappeared without a trace after he was defeated by the governor.

Two of his sons, Chen Chen and Na Neng were killed in 413, while another son, Ti Kai, fled with his mother. Bhadravarman's son, Ti Chen, Gangaraja, abdicated the throne and left for India. The kingdom then transitioned into civil war.

References

Kings of Champa
4th-century monarchs in Asia
5th-century monarchs in Asia
5th-century Vietnamese people
4th-century Vietnamese people


Aksay () is a town in north-western Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of Borili District in West Kazakhstan Region. Population:

It is an important oil and gas town, serving as an operational base for the nearby Karachaganak Field.

Climate
Aksay has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa).

References

Populated places in West Kazakhstan Region


Events in the year 1762 in Norway.

Incumbents
Monarch: Frederick V

Events
Hadeland Glassverk is established in Jevnaker.

Arts and literature

Births

24 April – Alexander Møller, surgeon (died 1847).
16 November – Henriette Mathiesen, culture personality (died 1825)

Full date unknown
Peder Jacobsen Bøgvald, politician (died 1829)

Deaths
12 November – Hans Friis, priest and poet (born 1716).

Full date unknown
Lars Pinnerud, woodcarver (born 1700).

See also

References


Sarah "Annie" Turner Wittenmyer (August 26, 1827 – February 2, 1900) was an American social reformer, relief worker, and writer. She served as the first President of the Women's Christian Temperance Union from 1874 to 1879. The Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home was renamed the Annie Wittenmyer Home in 1949 in her honor.

Early years
Born in Sandy Springs, Adams County, Ohio in 1827, she attended a seminary for girls. She married merchant William Wittenmyer at age 20. In 1850, they moved to Keokuk, Iowa, and she started a  Sunday School and a tuition-free school for underprivileged children in 1853. She also developed a Methodist congregation from these children and wrote several hymns. Three of her four children died before reaching adulthood, and her husband died in 1860.

The Civil War
When the American Civil War began in April 1861 and reports of suffering soldiers reached the home front, she responded by traveling to military hospitals and describing the horrible conditions she witnessed prompting local support.  When the Keokuk Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society began in May 1861, she became its "Corresponding Secretary" with the responsibility to maintain contact with sister organizations around the state. In 1862, Wittenmyer became the first woman mentioned by name in an Iowa legislative document when she was appointed as a Sanitary Agent for the Iowa State Sanitary Commission. In 1863, she began advocating for war orphans, helping to create several new Iowa orphanages, including the Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home, which was later renamed the Annie Wittenmyer Home. After she encountered public and prolonged disagreements between the Keokuk Ladies Aid Society and the Iowa Army Sanitary Commission, she resigned her local relief work in 1864 to work with the United States Christian Commission in developing their special diet kitchens for Civil War hospitals.

This program was designed both to improve the health of soldiers who were reportedly dying from inadequate diet in hospitals and also provide a vehicle for women with an interest in missionary work to gain entry to Civil War hospitals and access to soldiers. Mary and Amanda Shelton and other "lady managers" created diet kitchens in a number of hospitals, not without encountering considerable resistance.  After the war, Wittenmyer wrote Under the Guns, chronicling her relief work.

Post-War work

Following the war, she helped found the Woman's Home Missionary Society and served as their first corresponding secretary in 1871. She edited the periodicals The Christian Woman and The Christian Child, and she wrote several more hymns and the book Woman's Work for Jesus.

During Wittenmyer's tenure as first president of the Women's Christian Temperance Union, the group grew to over 1,000 local chapters. She edited their periodical Our Union and published two books on the topic: Her book History of the Women's Temperance Crusade in 1878, and Women of the Reformation in 1884. She was succeeded by Frances Willard when the organization began to focus on women's suffrage. Wittenmyer strongly opposed women's suffrage; like some other women, she believed that entering the corrupt world of partisan politics would greatly reduce women's moral authority.

Wittenmyer then returned to medical advocacy for veterans and nurses. In 1889 she was elected President of the Woman's Relief Corps and focused on providing retirement living for nurses and war widows. She lobbied for pensions for retired military nurses, leading to legislation passed in 1892. She published her autobiography Under the Guns in 1895 and received her own pension in 1898. In 1898, she was elected president of the Non-Partisan National Woman's Christian Temperance Union.

Personal life
Wittenmyer died of an asthma attack in Pottstown, Pennsylvania following a lecture and was buried in Sanatoga, Montgomery County.

The Woman's Christian Temperance Union's Annie Wittenmyer White Ribbon Award is named in her honor, and in 1949 the Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home was renamed the Annie Wittenmyer Home in her honor. It previously housed a branch of the Davenport Public Library and currently houses The Parks and Recreation Department and several children's organizations.

References

External links

Annie Wittenmyer via Davenport Public Library
Annie Wittenmyer photo via Woman's Christian Temperance Union

1827 births
1900 deaths
American temperance activists
People from Adams County, Ohio
People from Davenport, Iowa
People of Iowa in the American Civil War
American social reformers
19th-century American writers
19th-century American women writers
Activists from Ohio
American autobiographers
Woman's Relief Corps National Presidents
American women non-fiction writers
Women autobiographers
Presidents of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union


The 1987 Swan Premium Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Sydney Entertainment Centre in Sydney in Australia and was part of the 1987 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 15th edition of the tournament and was held from 12 October through 18 October 1987. First-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title, his second after 1985.

Finals

Singles

 Ivan Lendl defeated  Pat Cash 6–4, 6–2, 6–4
 It was Lendl's 7th title of the year and the 74th of his career.

Doubles

 Darren Cahill /  Mark Kratzmann defeated  Boris Becker /  Robert Seguso 6–3, 6–2
 It was Cahill's only title of the year and the 2nd of his career. It was Kratzmann's 1st title of the year and the 2nd of his career.

References

External links
 ITF tournament edition details

Swan Premium Open
Australian Indoor Tennis Championships
Swan
Swan Premium Open
Sports competitions in Sydney
Tennis in New South Wales


Shyngyrlau (, Şyñğyrlau; ) is a village in north-western Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of Shyngyrlau District in West Kazakhstan Region. Population:

References

Populated places in West Kazakhstan Region


The Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the British Psychological Society. It covers all aspects of occupational and organizational psychology, and also includes behavioral and cognitive aspects of industrial relations and human factors and ergonomics. The journal is also an outlet for articles in the management fields of organizational behavior and human resource management. It was established in 1922 as Occupational Psychology and was renamed Journal of Occupational Psychology in 1975 when ownership was transferred to the British Psychological Society.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 4.561.

References

External links

Academic journals established in 1922
English-language journals
Occupational psychology journals
Quarterly journals
Wiley-Blackwell academic journals
British Psychological Society academic journals


Washington County Jail or variations may refer to:

in the United States
(by state)
Washington County Jail (Fayetteville, Arkansas), listed on the NRHP in Arkansas
Washington County Jail and Sheriff's Residence (Washington, Kansas), listed on the NRHP in Kansas
Washington County Jail and Sheriff's Residence (Salem, Indiana), listed on the NRHP in Indiana
Washington County Jail (Maine), Machias, listed on the NRHP in Maine
Washington County Jail (Oregon), formerly listed on the NRHP in Oregon, was located in Hillsboro, has been moved, is now in a museum
Washington County Jail (Washington, Pennsylvania), listed on the NRHP in Pennsylvania
Washington County Jail, Utah (properly, the Purgatory Correctional Facility)


Geoffrey Scarre is a moral philosopher and professor of philosophy at the University of Durham.

His research focuses on a cluster of topics in applied ethics and moral philosophy broadly construed, including evil, the Holocaust, death, forgiveness, courage, the ethics of archaeology, and utilitarianism, with a special interest in the philosophy of John Stuart Mill.

He is the director of the Centre for the Ethics of Cultural Heritage.

Published works
Utilitarianism (London: Routledge, 1996)
After Evil: Responding to Wrongdoing (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004)
Mill's On Liberty: A Reader's Guide (New York: Continuum, 2007)
Death (Stocksfield: Acumen, 2007)
On Courage (London: Routledge, 2010)

Edited books
Moral Philosophy and the Holocaust, with Eve Garrard (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003)
The Ethics of Archaeology: Philosophical Perspectives on Archaeological Practice, with Chris Scarre (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006)

Journal papers
"Should we fear death?", European Journal of Philosophy, 5 (1997)
"Understanding the moral phenomenology of the Third Reich", Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 1 (1998)
"Interpreting the categorical imperative", British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 6 (1998)
"On caring about one's posthumous reputation", American Philosophical Quarterly, 38 (2001)
"Corporal punishment", Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 6 (2003)
"Archaeology and respect for the dead", Journal of Applied Philosophy, 20 (2003)
"Excusing the inexcusable? Moral responsibility and ideologically-motivated wrongdoing", Journal of Social Philosophy, 36 (2005)
"Corrective justice and reputation", Journal of Moral Philosophy, 3 (2006)

External links
Durham University staff profile
Personal homepage

Academics of Durham University
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people


French and Saunders: Still Alive! is a 2008 tour by comedy duo Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders. They performed in the UK in February – May in 2008 and were at Drury Lane, London for a month. The tour continued to Australia in mid-2009. There were many positive reviews for the UK leg of the tour, yet most reviews on the Australian leg were poor and negative. The first leg of the show concluded in May 2008. The show ended 9 November, in London. Previously they have toured their comedy act / sketch show very rarely, with UK tours in 1990 & 2000.

The tour contained a selection of their favourite sketches, as well as new material written specifically for the tour. The show was directed by Hamish McColl, set design by Lez Brotherstone, lighting, video and visual effects by Willie Williams.

Sketch List

Act 1
Video Introduction – Grannies Go to the Show

The White Room
The Doctor
The Future
Family
Contraception
Dawn's Chocolate Hunt

Video Interlude – Madonna
White Room – Madonna

Video Interlude – Prickly Pear Farm
In Court

Video Interlude – Those Lucky Bitches, Joan and Jackie Collins!

Grannies (Born To Be Wild)
Grannies Go To Dancing (Video Transition)
Strictly Come Dancing

Act 2

Ab Fab
Memories – Cassie Broadway

Video Interlude – What Ever Happened To Baby Dawn?
Bideford Girls

Video Interlude – Jennifer Has A Marlene Day

Boarding School

Video Interlude – Catherine Zeta-Jones

Geraldine Visits
So Called 'Goddess of Comedy'
Thank You for the Music

Video Outro – French and Saunders Over The Years

Encore

Fat Dick Men3

Tour dates

Leg 1: United Kingdom 2008
•28 February – Blackpool
•1 March – Blackpool

•4 March – Manchester
•5 March – Manchester
•6 March – Manchester
•7 March – Manchester
•8 March – Manchester

•11 March – Sheffield

•12 March – Newcastle upon Tyne
•13 March – Newcastle upon Tyne

•14 March – Edinburgh
•15 March – Edinburgh

•18 March – Glasgow
•19 March – Glasgow

•20 March – Sunderland

•21 March – Aberdeen

•22 March  – Newcastle upon Tyne

•25 March – Brighton
•26 March – Brighton

•27 March – Sheffield

•28 March – Ipswich
•29 March – Ipswich

•1 April – Plymouth
•2 April – Plymouth

•3 April – Nottingham
•4 April – Nottingham
•5 April – Nottingham

•7 April – Bournemouth

•9 April – Cardiff
•10 April – Cardiff
•11 April – Cardiff
•12 April – Cardiff

•14 April – Southampton
•15 April – Southampton

•16 April – Liverpool
•17 April – Liverpool

•18 April – Harrogate

•19 April – Llandeilo

•21 April – Birmingham
•22 April – Birmingham
•23 April – Birmingham
•24 April – Birmingham
•25 April – Birmingham
•26 April – Birmingham

•27 April – Bristol
•28 April – Bristol
•29 April – Bristol
•20 April – Bristol

•2 May – Portsmouth

•3 May – Bournemouth

•5 May – Oxford
•6 May – Oxford
•7 May – Oxford

Leg 2: Australia 2009
•25 June – Newcastle
•26 June – Newcastle

•27 June – Canberra

•1 July – Sydney
•2 July – Sydney
•3 July – Sydney
•4 July – Sydney
•5 July – Sydney
•6 July – Sydney
•8 July – Sydney
•9 July – Sydney

•11 July – Brisbane
•12 July – Brisbane
•13 July – Brisbane

•15 July – Melbourne
•16 July – Melbourne
•17 July – Melbourne
•18 July – Melbourne
•19 July – Melbourne
•20 July – Melbourne

•23 July – Perth
•24 July – Perth
•25 July – Perth

•28 July – Adelaide
•29 July – Adelaide

Additional notes
•Two shows were performed on 4 July in Sydney.
•Two shows were performed on 12 July in Brisbane.
•Two shows were performed on 18 July in Melbourne, both shows at different venues.
•On 23 July in Perth, the show was performed at a different venue.
•Two shows were performed on 28 July in Adelaide, both shows at different venues.

Comedy tours


The gymnastics competition at the 1995 Pan American Games was held from March 11 to March 26 in Mar del Plata, Argentina.

Medal summary

Medal table

Artistic gymnastics

Men's events

Women's events

Rhythmic gymnastics

Individual

Group

See also
 Pan American Gymnastics Championships
 South American Gymnastics Championships
 Gymnastics at the 1996 Summer Olympics

References

Events at the 1995 Pan American Games
P
1995


Henry Irven "Hank" Arft (January 28, 1922 – December 14, 2002), nicknamed "Bow Wow", was a Major League Baseball player.

Career
He played first base for the St. Louis Browns from  to . He died of cancer at the age of 80 years.

References

Further reading
 Staff (November 4, 1947). "Hank Arft of Springfield Captures Official Batting Crown in Three-I with .366". The Davenport Daily Times. p. 19
 Staff (November 11, 1947). "Henry Arft Promoted to San Antonio Club". The St. Louis Star and Times. p. 21
 Staff (September 11, 1963). "At Old Timers Night". St. Louis Globe-Democrat. p. 21
 Brisbane, Arthur S. (August 12, 1981). "Softball reunion was no dog". The Kansas City Times. p. 5
 Staff (December 15, 2002). "Henry I. Arft; Co-owned Schrader Funeral Home". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. p. 56

External links
Baseball-Reference page
Hank Arft statistics

Major League Baseball first basemen
St. Louis Browns players
Baseball players from Missouri
1922 births
2002 deaths


Zhanibek (, Jänıbek; ) is a town in far north-western Kazakhstan on the border with Volgograd Oblast, Russia. It is the administrative center of Zhanybek District in West Kazakhstan Region. Population:   It is served by Dzhanybek railway station of the Volga Railway on the Krasny Kut — Astrakhan line between Kaisatskaya and Elton stations.

Geography
The settlement is located 440 km (270 miles) west of the city of Oral in a semi-desert belt with mixed deserts.

References

Populated places in West Kazakhstan Region


Mirko Bortolotti (born 10 January 1990) is an Italian racing driver from Trento. He has won the Italian Formula 3 Championship in 2008, the FIA Formula 2 Championship in 2011, the Eurocup Megane Trophy in 2013 and the Blancpain GT Series Endurance and Overall Championship in 2017. He competed as a factory driver for Lamborghini between 2016 and 2019, before moving to Audi for 2020 and rejoining Lamborghini in 2021. He competed in the 2022 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters with GRT Grasser Racing Team, a factory-backed Lamborghini team based in Austria.

Career

Italian series
After karting for several years, Bortolotti began his formula racing career in 2005 by competing in the Italian Formula Renault Winter Series and Formula Gloria. He competed in the Winter Series for a further two years, with a best finish of fourth in 2006. He also drove in the Italian Formula Junior 1600 championship for this year, in addition to the Formula Azzurra championship. In the latter series he finished as runner-up in the drivers' championship, behind winner Giuseppe Termine.

In 2007, Bortolotti moved up to Italian Formula Three, finishing fourth in the championship at his first attempt. He remained in the series for 2008, driving for the Lucidi Motors team, and won the championship with nine wins and six pole positions from the sixteen races.

FIA Formula Two Championship
Bortolotti obtained backing from Red Bull following his championship win; the company opted to place him in the relaunched FIA Formula Two Championship in 2009. He drove car number 14 in the series, and finished fourth. During the break between the final two rounds of the season, Bortolotti returned to Formula Three to compete for Carlin Motorsport in the Formula 3 Euro Series season finale at Hockenheim, finishing on the podium in the second race.

GP3 Series
Bortolotti's next move was to the newly created GP3 Series. He drove in the 2010 season for Addax Team alongside teammates Felipe Guimarães and Pablo Sánchez López and managed some good results, finishing 11th and getting a podium in his final race.

Return to FIA Formula Two Championship
Bortolotti decided to return to FIA Formula Two Championship for 2011. His season began well as he took the lead in the championship after the first round. He lost it to Christopher Zanella, later regaining the lead at the third round. He dominated the fourth round of the season at the Nürburgring, taking pole position, victory and the fastest lap in both races. He led the rest of the season, and eventually won the championship by 100 points over Zanella.

Formula One
As a reward for their performances in the 2008 Italian F3 championship, Bortolotti, Edoardo Piscopo and Salvatore Cicatelli were all given a test of the Ferrari team's F2008 chassis at the Fiorano Circuit in November 2008. Bortolotti impressed by setting a time of 59.111 seconds, quicker than the previous fastest lap set by the F2008 at the circuit by any driver.

In , among several other drivers, Bortolotti was linked to a drive with Ferrari as a replacement for injured Felipe Massa, after poor performances by Luca Badoer.

In , Bortolotti was selected by Williams to appear in their car at the 2011 young drivers test in Abu Dhabi.

GT Racing

The Italian has competed in various GT formats such as the Blancpain GT Series (Sprint and Endurance), ADAC GT Masters, Italian GT, IMSA Wheatertech Sportscar Championship (Rolex 24h at Daytona, Mobile 1 12h of Sebring), 24h of Dubai, Total 24h of Spa as well as the FIA GT World Cup Macau.

In 2017 Bortolotti has won the Endurance Cup of the Blancpain GT Series with GRT Grasser Racing Team and won the overall driver championship with his teammate Christian Engelhart.

From 2020, Bortolotti moved representative from Lamborghini to Audi. Now, he is racing R8 LMS GT3 EVO in the GT World Challenge Europe Series (former is Blancpain GT Series) Endurance Cup and ADAC GT Masters with WRT (Belgian Club W Racing Team ). In GT World Challenge Europe Series, he shares the car with Kelvin Vander Linde and Rolf Ineichen in Car #31. Car#30 with Rolf Ineichen in ADAC GT Masters respectively.

2023 saw Bortolotti join Andrea Caldarelli and Jordan Pepper in Iron Lynx's Pro class effort in the GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup.

Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters

In September 2021, Bortolotti made his debut in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters as a guest driver for T3 Motorsport as the German team fielded a third Lamborghini Huracán GT3 Evo car in the sixth round of the 2021 DTM season at Assen. There, he finished second in the first race on Saturday and seventh in the second race on Sunday. In February 2022, Bortolotti earned a full-time seat for the 2022 DTM season with GRT Grasser Racing Team as the Austrian team joined the series by fielding four Lamborghini Huracán GT3 Evo cars with factory-backing from the Italian manufacturer.

In the first round of the 2022 DTM season at Portimão, Bortolotti finished third in both races. He qualified on pole position for the first race of the weekend and led 19 laps, but his car suffered a sudden loss of power after a safety-car period and he fell to sixth position with 10 laps to go, before recovering to fourth and eventually overtaking the Mercedes of Maro Engel on the final lap for third, with Mercedes drivers Lucas Auer and Luca Stolz finishing in front of him. In the first race of the third round at Imola, Bortolotti scored his third podium finish of the season, recovering to third after starting from 16th due to a 10-place grid penalty for using a wrong set of tyres. After experiencing his first retirement of the season in the first race of the fourth round at the Norisring, he finished second in the second race of the weekend and moved to the top of the drivers' standings with half the season completed.

Racing record

Career summary

† As Bortolotti was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points
* Season still in progress.

Complete FIA Formula Two Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

† As Bortolotti was a guest driver, he was ineligible for championship points.

Complete GP3 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

† Bortolotti did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.

Complete Eurocup Mégane Trophy results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula Acceleration 1 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup results

Complete IMSA SportsCar Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

24 Hours of Daytona results

Complete Bathurst 12 Hour results

Complete Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

† As Bortolotti was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.

Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results

* Season still in progress.

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Trento
Italian racing drivers
Italian Formula Renault 2.0 drivers
Italian Formula Three Championship drivers
FIA Formula Two Championship drivers
Formula 3 Euro Series drivers
Italian GP3 Series drivers
ADAC GT Masters drivers
Eurocup Mégane Trophy drivers
Blancpain Endurance Series drivers
24 Hours of Spa drivers
24 Hours of Daytona drivers
WeatherTech SportsCar Championship drivers
24H Series drivers
Carlin racing drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
RP Motorsport drivers
Audi Sport drivers
Emil Frey Racing drivers
W Racing Team drivers
Italian Formula Renault 1.6 drivers
Nürburgring 24 Hours drivers
FIA Motorsport Games drivers
Lamborghini Squadra Corse drivers
Iron Lynx drivers
Lamborghini Super Trofeo drivers
FIA World Endurance Championship drivers
Prema Powerteam drivers


Washington County Jail and Sheriff's Residence is a historic jail and residence located at Salem, Washington County, Indiana. It was built in 1881, and is a Second Empire style brick and stone building.  It consists of a -story residence with a mansard roof with a -story rear jail addition. An office addition was added to the jail in 1974.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.  It is included in the Salem Downtown Historic District.

References

External links

Jails in Indiana
National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Indiana
Second Empire architecture in Indiana
Government buildings completed in 1881
Buildings and structures in Washington County, Indiana
Houses completed in 1881
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Indiana
Jails on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
1881 establishments in Indiana


Dudas may refer to;
 Eszter Dudás, a Hungarian professional triathlete
 József Dudás, a Hungarian resistance leader,
 Jon Dudas, Former under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office
 Richard Dudas American composer of contemporary classical music
  Dūdas, a Baltic bagpipe


The Canadian Osteopathic Association (COA) is a professional association of osteopathic physicians in Canada. The COA has partnered with Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine to increase the number of osteopathic physicians practising in Canada.

History
The COA was established in 1926. President for 2017 - 2019 is Dr. Jason Crookham, and Executive Director is Dr. James Church. In 2011, the COA launched the Canadian Osteopathic Medical Student Association and it is now led by Ravi Uppal, Corey Mayer and Khashayar Farzam. In 2012, the COA partnered with Michigan State University with the goal of increasing the number of osteopathic physicians in the country. The COA reported advocating for osteopathic physicians to be eligible for residency positions in Canada.

Membership
Membership in the COA requires a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree from a College of Osteopathic Medicine in the United States accredited by the American Osteopathic Association.   As of 2019, there are no colleges of osteopathic medicine in Canada.

References

External links
 ]
 Canadian Osteopathic Medical Student Association

Osteopathic medical associations
Organizations established in 1926
Medical associations based in Canada


Terekti (), until 2022 known as Fyodorovka () is a village in north-western Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of Terekti District in West Kazakhstan Region. Population:

Geography
The Ural River flows to the north of Terekti.

References

Populated places in West Kazakhstan Region


Planulozoa is a clade which includes the Placozoa, Cnidaria (corals and jellyfish) and the Bilateria (all the more complex animals including worms, insects and vertebrates). The designation Planulozoa may be considered a synonym to Parahoxozoa. Within Planulozoa, the Placozoa may be a sister of Cnidaria to the exclusion of Bilateria. The clade excludes basal animals such as the Ctenophora (comb jellies),  and Porifera (sponges). Although this clade was sometimes used to specify a clade of Cnidaria and Bilateria to the exclusion of Placozoa (against the original intention of its proposal), this is no longer favoured due to recent data indicating a sister group relationship between Cnidaria and Placozoa.

The phylogenetic tree indicates approximately how many millions of years ago () the lineages split. Here, Planulozoa is shown sans Placozoa.

Planulozoa are associated with the emergence of the Zoc and ZF-NC gene domains.

References

Animal unranked clades


Cornelius Wendell Wickersham (June 25, 1885 – January 31, 1968) was a decorated United States army officer with the rank of Lieutenant general; a lawyer and an award-winning author of philatelic literature. He studied at the Harvard University and practiced law for several years, before embarked for France during World War I. Wickersham served as Assistant Chief of Staff for Operations of IV Corps during Battle of Saint-Mihiel and received Army Distinguished Service Medal.

Following the War, Wickersham remained in the New York National Guard, practicing law for next twenty years. He was recalled to active duty in late 1940 and served as first Commandant of the School of Military Government at the University of Virginia. Wickersham was promoted to Brigadier general and served as Commander of U.S. Group Control Council for Germany and received another Army Distinguished Service Medal.

Early life

Cornelius Wendell Wickersham was born on June 25, 1885, in Greenwich, Connecticut. His parents were George W. Wickersham, an American lawyer and future United States Attorney General under President William Howard Taft, and Mildred (Wendell) Wickersham.

In 1906 Wickersham graduated from Harvard University and was admitted to the New York Bar two years later. He obtained his professional degree from Harvard Law School in 1909 and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1912. He also served as Editor of the Law review during that period. Wickersham joined the Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft in 1914, a law firm in New York City, in which his father was a partner.

World War I
Wickersham enlisted the Squadron A of New York Cavalry in 1915 and participated as Private in the guarding of the Mexican border. Upon the American entry into World War I in April 1917, he was transferred to 12th New York Infantry Regiment and commissioned first lieutenant. Wickersham quickly rose to the rank of Captain and later was transferred to the headquarters of 27th Infantry Division under Major general John F. O'Ryan. The Division was concentrated at Camp Wadsworth, near Spartanburg, South Carolina, for intensive training and preparation for combat deployment to France. Wickersham assumed duty as Division's Assistant Chief of Staff and supervised the training.

In the spring of 1918, the division began its movement toward embarkation camps and sailed for Brest, France by the beginning of May 1918. Upon arrival to France, Wickersham was promoted to Major and assigned to the staff of IV Corps as Assistant Chief of Staff for Operations under Major general Joseph T. Dickman. While in this capacity, he participated in the preparation and execution of the IV Corps attack during the Battle of Saint-Mihiel in September 1918 and was decorated with Army Distinguished Service Medal for his service.

Wickersham was subsequently promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and transferred to the General Staff of the newly created Second United States Army under Lieutenant General Robert Lee Bullard. While in this assignment, he participated in Meuse–Argonne offensive in the final weeks of the war. The Armistice with Germany brought an end to the war on November 11, 1918. Wickersham returned to the United States five months later, in April 1919, almost a year after he left for overseas.

Interwar period

In the inter-war era, Wickersham commanded 306th Infantry Regiment and the 153rd Infantry Brigade, units of the 77th Division in the Organized Reserve. He served as President of the Joint Conference on Legal Education in the state of New York from 1932 to 1940. Wickersham remained in the New York National Guard and rose through the ranks to Colonel and successively commanded the 306th Infantry Regiment and 153rd Infantry Brigade, both attached to 77th Division under Brigadier general Julius Ochs Adler.

World War II

Wickersham was recalled to active duty in November 1940 and joined to the First Army headquarters at Governors Island, New York City as Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence under Lieutenant general Hugh A. Drum. While in this capacity, he held additional duty as Intelligence officer for Eastern Defense Command, which was commanded also by General Drum.

Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States entry into World War II, Wickersham was promoted to the temporary rank of Brigadier general in January 1942 and assumed duty as Commandant of newly established School of Military Government located at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. While in this capacity, he was subordinated directly to the Provost Marshal General of the Army, Major general Allen W. Gullion and was responsible for training of officers in future detail in connection with Military Government and Liaison. Graduates assisted commanders in foreign fields in their relations with civilians. While in that assignment, Wickersham was also on special duty as an Advisor on Military Government affairs in Africa, Sicily, and Italy. For his service in that assignment, Wickersham was decorated with Legion of Merit.

He was transferred to the European Theater of Operations in January 1944 and assumed duty as Deputy to Lieutenant General Arthur Edward Grassett, Chief of the European Allied Contact Section of the SHAEF under General Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Wickersham was appointed Commander of U.S. Group Control Council for Germany in August 1944 and remained in that assignment until the end of War. His new command was established by the US government as a liaison group within the European Advisory Commission for planning the future occupation of Germany. For his service in this capacity, Wickersham received his second Army Distinguished Service Medal and also received decorations from Great Britain, France, and Poland.

Postwar career

New York National Guard
Following the surrender of Germany on May 8, 1945, Wickersham moved his headquarters to Berlin and assumed additional duty as an assistant to Lieutenant General Lucius D. Clay, Deputy Military-Governor of the American Zone of Occupation Germany. He was ordered back to the United States in September that year and later joined the headquarters of 42nd Infantry Division under Major General Harry J. Collins.

Wickersham was transferred to the inactive list and succeeded Collins in early 1946, when division was deactivated and reorganized as a New York Army National Guard formation. He was promoted to major general in the National Guard and as an experienced infantry officer, he urged universal military training in short periods that would not break up schooling of young recruits in order to keep his division prepared for national emergency.

Law practice
By the end of June 1948, Wickersham requested to be relieved of all National Guard duties because of the increasing demand of his private business. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general on the state's reserve list.

Wickersham then resumed the practice of law in firm Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft and also served as counsel for Grand Jury Association of New York county and member emeritus of the American Law Institute. He was a founder of the American Legion and was its first department commander for New York. In February 1953, Wickersham was elected a member of the State Board of Regents, the governing body of the University of the State of New York. He resigned in 1955, because of the statutory age limit of 70 years for board membership.

He was meanwhile appointed again the President of the Joint Conference on Legal Education in the state of New York in 1954 and served in this capacity until 1958.

Philately

Wickersham was an avid collector of postage stamps and thanks to his collection of stamps of Venezuela, he published The Early Stamps of Venezuela in 1956. He wrote articles about other countries at well in philatelic publications. Wickersham was awarded the Lichtenstein Medal, which is given to a living individual for outstanding service to philately, by the Collectors Club of New York in 1959.

He also served as Governor of the Collectors Club, and was its president in 1956. Wickersham presided the Jury of the 1956 New York City international exhibition.

Death

Wickersham died on January 31, 1968, aged 82, following a lengthy illness in Nassau Hospital in Mineola, New York. He was survived by his wife Rosalie Neilson Hinckley; son George; and daughter Rosalie. Wickersham is buried at Memorial Cemetery of Saint John's Church in Laurel Hollow, New York.

Honors and awards

Here is the ribbon bar of Lieutenant General Wickersham:

For his work in the field of philately, Wickersham was provided the following award:
 The Lichtenstein Medal in 1959.

References

External links
Generals of World War II

1884 births
1968 deaths
People from Greenwich, Connecticut
Philatelic literature
Philately of Venezuela
American philatelists
Harvard Law School alumni
People associated with Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft
Regents of the University of the State of New York
United States Army generals
United States Army personnel of World War I
United States Army generals of World War II
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Military personnel from Connecticut
20th-century American academics
Harvard College alumni


The ģīga or divstīdzis is a two-stringed bowed zither found in Latvia.

The instrument is descended from the psalmodicon ( or manihorka), a bowed monochord developed in Sweden in 1829 for liturgical singing. From there it filtered down to the Latvian peasantry who sometimes added a second string for harmony.

See also
Giga, a type of bowed lyre
Fiðla, a bowed zither native to Iceland

Sources
Folklora.lv

References

Latvian musical instruments
Bowed box zithers


Jan Christoph Westerhoff is a German philosopher and orientalist with specific interests in metaphysics and the philosophy of language. He is currently Professor of Buddhist Philosophy in the Faculty of Theology and Religion of the University of Oxford.

Early life and education
Westerhoff was educated at the Annette-von-Droste-Hülshoff Gymnasium, a Gymnasium in Düsseldorf, Germany. He studied philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating with a first class Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1999. He continued his studies of philosophy at Trinity and completed a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) degree in 2000. He undertook postgraduate research at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Cambridge; his doctoral supervisor was Michael Potter. He completed his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in 2003, with a doctoral thesis titled "An inquiry into the notion of an ontological category". He undertook research for a second doctorate, this time in Oriental studies, at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (SOAS). He completed his second PhD in 2007 with a doctoral thesis titled "Nagarjuna's madhyamaka: A philosophical investigation".

Academic career
He was previously a research fellow in philosophy at the City University of New York, a seminar associate at Columbia University, a junior research fellow at Linacre College, a junior lecturer in the philosophy of mathematics at the University of Oxford, a university lecturer in religious ethics at the University of Oxford, a Fellow of Lady Margaret Hall and a research associate at SOAS.

Research
He is a specialist in metaphysics and Indo-Tibetan philosophy. In particular, his research focuses on the philosophy of the early Indian Mahāyāna Buddhist thinker, Nāgārjuna, with comprehensive books such as Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka. His research interests also include the history of ideas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. His most recent research interests focus on the history of solipsism.

Selected works

Books
The Non-Existence of the Real World. (Oxford University Press, 2020, 384 pp., )
Crushing the Categories: Nagarjuna's Vaidalyaprakarana. (Somerville, MA: Wisdom Publications, 2018, )
The Golden Age of Indian Buddhist Philosophy. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018, )
Reality: A Very Short Introduction. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011, )
The Dispeller of Disputes: Nagarjuna's Vigrahavyavartani. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)
Twelve Examples of Illusion. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)
(co-authored with The Cowherds) Moonshadows: Conventional Truth in Buddhist Philosophy. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010, )
Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009)
Ontological Categories: Their Nature and Significance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005)

Journal papers (selection)

Talks
Talk on naturalizing Buddhism, 2011
Talk at the Madhyamaka and Methodology Symposium, 2010

See also
 Similarities between Pyrrhonism and Buddhism

References

External links
Westerhoff's homepage

Academics of Durham University
Fellows of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford
German orientalists
Living people
Metaphysicians
Philosophers of language
Ontologists
21st-century German philosophers
German male non-fiction writers
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Year of birth missing (living people)


Zhympity (, ; Russian: Жымпиты) is a village in north-western Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of Syrym District in West Kazakhstan Region. Population:   It is notable as the homeland of writer Qadır Mırza Äli.

References

Populated places in West Kazakhstan Region


A paper local is a local union with no or few members, chartered by an existing union (usually an international or national union body) or self-chartered, and formed for the purpose of criminal activity. As implied by the name, paper locals often "exist only on paper", and have no members.  In some cases, however, paper locals may have members, but the members are not workers but rather friends, family members, or criminal associates of the individual or individuals in control of the paper local.

Although paper locals may occur wherever labor unions are given formal, legal status and rights, they have been a particular problem in the United States. Paper locals are denounced by the AFL–CIO Code of Ethical Practices.

Criminal uses of paper locals

Organized crime
Paper locals are often used as a means of extorting money.  The individual who controls a paper local may threaten to unionize an employer's workers unless he receives a payoff. The paper local may even list the workers at a worksite as "members" and accept the payment as "union dues", when in fact the workers have not consented to forming or joining the union, have not paid dues, and do not receive the benefits of collective bargaining. In at least one case, a paper local based its extortion fee not on the number of workers an employer had but the number of coin-operated machines it had installed in local businesses.

Paper locals often enter into sweetheart contracts that are grossly unfair to workers, and then the employer and paper local embezzle money from the business. While a legitimate union contract might cost X amount of money in wages and benefits, the sweetheart contract costs much less; the difference is split between the individual(s) who control the paper local and the company owners. In one infamous example, a paper local and an employer entered into a sweetheart contract in which workers were able to take only one holiday off each year, Passover.  Since the workers were almost all Puerto Rican and non-Jewish, they did not take the holiday off and the employer was not forced to pay workers for a day off.

When a paper local is controlled by organized crime, the paper local may also accept bribes in order to guarantee that there will be no strikes, grievances, or work stoppages (e.g., "labor peace"), or it may intimidate, coerce, vandalize, or sabotage the employer's competitors in order to protect the employer and a lucrative contract. This can create distinct competitive advantages for the employer, which can be higher than the bribes paid.

More recently, paper locals have been used for committing fraud. Paper locals have charged real estate developers for union services while hiring non-union workers (allowing the individual[s] controlling the paper local to pocket the difference in wages and benefits).

On occasion, employers have formed paper locals in order to establish company unions, and prevent unionization of their workforce.

Union democracy and fraud
Paper locals have sometimes been established by labor union leaders in efforts to fraudulently win internal elections.  Perhaps the most famous example is the establishment of the "Dio locals" in the International Brotherhood of Teamsters in the mid-1950s. Midwestern Teamster leader Jimmy Hoffa wished to unseat Dave Beck, the union's international president. In October 1956, mobster Johnny Dio met with Hoffa in New York City and the two men conspired to create as many as 15 paper locals to boost Hoffa's delegate totals. When the paper locals applied for charters from the international union, Hoffa's political foes were outraged. A major battle broke out within the Teamsters over whether to charter the locals, and the media attention led to inquiries by the U.S. Department of Justice and the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the U.S. Senate Committee on Government Operations. Beck and other Teamster leaders challenged the authority of the U.S. Senate to investigate the union, which caused the Senate to establish the Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management—a new committee with broad subpoena and investigative powers. Senator John L. McClellan, chair of the select committee, hired Robert F. Kennedy as the subcommittee's chief counsel and investigator.

The Select Committee (also known as the McClellan Committee, after its chairman), exposed widespread corruption in the Teamsters union. Beck fled the country for a month to avoid its subpoenas before returning. Four of the paper locals were dissolved to avoid committee scrutiny, several Teamster staffers were charged with contempt of Congress, union records were lost or destroyed (allegedly on purpose), and wiretaps were played in public before a national television audience in which Dio and Hoffa discussed the creation of even more paper locals. Beck appeared before the select committee for the first time on March 25, 1957, and notoriously invoked his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination 117 times. The McClellan Committee turned its focus to Hoffa and other Teamsters officials, and presented testimony and evidence alleging widespread corruption in Hoffa-controlled Teamster units. The scandals uncovered by the McClellan committee, which affected not only the Teamsters but several other unions, led directly to the passage of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (also known as the Landrum-Griffin Act) in 1959.

The use of paper locals may still be a problem for American labor unions. The Service Employees International Union (SEIU) has been accused of establishing paper locals (known in the union as "provisional locals") so that leaders can win election to office and dominate political opponents.

Other uses
Paper locals can sometimes be used as a legitimate organizing tool.  Some unions form them in industries where they have no foothold and yet anticipate organizing workers. This was a common organizing tool of the Industrial Workers of the World and International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union in the early part of the 20th century.  The president of the Service Employees International Union has also been accused of creating "provisional locals with no members" in order to affect vote counts on union matters.

References

Trade unions
Racketeering


Arthur Kenneth Mathews  was Dean of St Albans from 1955 until 1963.He was born into an ecclesiastical family on 11 May 1906 and educated at Monkton Combe School and Balliol College, Oxford, where he met his future brother-in-law Henry Brooke, Baron Brooke of Cumnor through the Balliol Boys' Club, of which they were successively president.  He was ordained in 1933. His first post was as a Curate at Penistone after which he was Padre to the Tanker Fleet of the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Company and then  Vicar of Forest Row. When World War II came he enlisted as a Chaplain in the RNVR during which he served on HMS Norfolk and was decorated twice for gallantry - in successful engagements against the German battleships Bismarck (in 1941) and Scharnhorst (in 1943). When peace returned he was Vicar of Rogate (1946–54) and Rural Dean of Midhurst (1950–54)  before his elevation to the Deanery. After this he was Rector of St Peter’s, Peebles (1963–68) and Vicar of Thursley (1968-1976) before retiring in 1976. "A sailor's padre to the end", he died on 18 December 1992.

He was married twice:  in 1936 to Agnes Elisabeth (Betty) Butler (who died in 1981) and in 1987 to Diana Goschen (who survived him).  He had no children.

References

1906 births
People educated at Monkton Combe School
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
Deans of St Albans
1992 deaths
People from Penistone
World War II chaplains
Royal Navy chaplains
People from Forest Row


The Courtesans of Bombay is a 1983 British docudrama directed by Ismail Merchant. A collaboration by Merchant, James Ivory, and Ruth Prawer Jhabvala. The film focuses on a Bombay compound known as Pavan Pool, where women aspiring to work in the entertainment industry dance for donations from a male audience by day and, it is broadly suggested although never specifically stated, work as prostitutes by night. It was broadcast by Channel 4 in the UK in January 1983 and went into limited theatrical release in the United States on 19 March 1986.

Merchant was aware of the courtesans at an early age "from the visits from them we used to have during weddings at home, celebrations of childbirth, and other festivities. They provided the entertainment of singing and dancing, and I used to watch them." His first visit to Pavan Pool at the age of sixteen left him with a vivid memory that inspired him to record the activities and experiences of the courtesans on film.

Plot
Kareem Samar, Saeed Jaffrey, and Zohra Sehgal are professional actors who interact with actual inhabitants of the area. Samar portrays a rent collector representing a landlord who was a friend of Merchant and approved the project. Jaffrey's role is that of an actor whose infatuation with one of the dancers becomes an obsession, and Segal is a retired courtesan who recalls her earlier life when her aunt arranged for her care by a wealthy benefactor.

Critical reception
Walter Goodman of The New York Times called the film "a fascinating 73 minutes of sociology, human interest and exotic entertainment" and added, "As we become accustomed to the unfamiliar music, it's easy to get caught up in the show and forget the exploitation. The ample-hipped dancers move with abounding confidence in their own sexuality, and whether their somewhat dissolute-looking all-male audience is stirred by their performances or by the prospects for closer contact later does not much matter."

In his review of the DVD release for the website DVD Talk, Glenn Erickson observed, "With its music and dance performances The Courtesans of Bombay would be a stunning documentary if it distinguished between authentic material and staged content. Even though there may literally be no difference, we have to trust the filmmakers as to the accuracy employed. The Merchant-Ivory team has a reputation beyond reproach, but doubts are raised by obvious staged content such as two courtesans sneaking messages to a shared boyfriend. The film lists a costume designer, a credit we don't expect to see on a documentary."

DVD release
On 19 April 2005, Home Vision Entertainment released the 2-DVD set The Merchant Ivory Collection, which includes this film and the 1994 short film The Street Musicians of Bombay, in Region 1. The film is in fullscreen format with an audio track and subtitles in English. It is also part of the Merchant Ivory Collection of Criterion Collection DVD and Blu-ray releases.

See also
 Dance bar

References

External links

1983 films
1983 drama films
British docudrama films
Films about women in India
British films based on actual events
Films directed by Ismail Merchant
Films set in Mumbai
Merchant Ivory Productions films
Films with screenplays by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
Documentary films about India
Films with screenplays by James Ivory
1980s English-language films
1980s British films